Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1878-04-25
SrienG6r.


it for building and engineering pur-
poses, and also such minor ones as the
lnclier match ana road-making indus
tries make. 1t y true that these are
the principle means by which wood is
consumed in these and other countries,
but there are countless other ways,
which 90 to swell the sum total in no
insignificant degree. and vet which are
left in comparative security, for few
persons think Of them. As, for inst"nee,
in America tulipwood is much used for
wooden bow $, ard for grr 1hih a f,T o. hair
bro1ms or sweelsdghs Of cattle, ana no
and drinking tlsjrtion furnishes wood
tnr indian canoes. One of the princi-
pal uses of the wood of the holly, dyed
black, is to be substituted for ebony, in
the handles Of metal teapots, etc, and
the strong, straight shoals, deprived of
their bark, are made into whip handles
and walking sticks. The lime tree
forms the best planks for sh0emakers
and glOvers upon which to cut their
leather, and is extensively used in the
manufacture of toys and Tumbridge-
ware, and the turner for pill boxes, etc,
aud the inner bark is made into ropes
and mating. The sycamore furnishes
wood for cheese and cider presses, man
giles, ETC., and when the wooden dishes
and spoons were in common use they
were mostly made of this wood. 1t is
used now alsoin printing and bleaching
works, for beetling beams, and in cast
iron foundries for making patterns.
The yew is used by the turner, and
made into vases. snuff boxes, and must
cal instruments. and it is a common
saying among the inhabitants OF New
Forest that post of yew will outlast
a post Of iron. - Where it IS found In
sufficient quantities to be employed Tor
works underground, suchas water-plpes,
pumps, etc, the view will last longer
than any other wood Gate posts and
stakes of yew are admirable wear, ana
in France the wood makes the strong
est of all wood.a axle trees. Of the
beech are made planes, sore VS., wooden
shovels; and cannon fowlng pieces
and muskets are also stocked with it.
and beech slaves for herring barrels are
not unknown The sweet or Spanish
chestnut furnishes gate and other posts,
railing, and barrel slaves, hop poles, and
other such matters, such as strong and
good charcoal, though scarcely equal to
that Of oak for domestic purposes, but
considered superior to that of any other
for FORCES for which purposes it is much
used in Spain, and also in Switzerland
Horn-b beam is the best wood that can
be used for cogs of wheels, excelling
either the crab or the yew, but its APP
pication in this manner is about at an
end. AS fuel it stands in the highest
rank. emitting much heat, burning long
/ and with a bright clear flame. In char
coal it is also highly priced, not only
for culinary purposes and the forge, but
also for the manufacture gun-pOwder,
into which, on the Continent, it enters
/ in large proportion. In Russia, many
/ of the roads are formed of the trunks
of the Scotch pine, trees from six inches
to a foot in diameter at the larger end
being selected for the purpose. These
are laid down side by side across the in
| tended road, the thick of one alternately
with the narrow end of the other, and
the branches being left at the end to
/ form a sort of hedge on each side of the
road. When thus laid the hollows are
! filled up with earth, and the road is
/ finished, being analogous to the cOrderOy
roads of North America, In Germany
casks are made of arch, which is almost
indestructible, and which allows of no
evaporation of the spirituous PARTICLES
of the wine contained in them. In
1 Switzerland it is much used for wine
props, which are never taken up, and
which see cropatter crop of wines spring
up. bear their fruit, and perish at their
feet, without showing symptoms of
decay. The uniniured state in which
it remains when buried in the earth or
immersed in water renders it an excel
lent material for water-pipes, to which
purposes it is largely applied in many
parts of France. The butternut is es-
teemed for the posts and rails Of rural
fences in America, for tr0ughs for the
use of cattle, for corn shovels and
wooden dishes Shellbark hickory pro-
vides baskets, whip-handles, and the
backbows of Windsor chairs. The
pignut hickory is preferred to any other
for axle-trees and axe-handles. The
sugar maple is used by wheelwrights
for axle-trees and spokes, and for lining
the runners of common sleds. DOgwOOd
is used for the handles of light tools,
such as mallets, small vices, etc. IN
the country it furnlsnes marrow oe t:,l
IL tho Americal farmer, and supplies
the hornnso of gorses collars, etc, also
Innings for the Ilnners of sledges. The
mountain laurelis selected for the ham
dies OF light tools, for small screws,
boxes, etc. Utmost resembles lockwood,
ana IS most proper to supply its place,
Bowls and trays are made of red birch,
ana when saplngs of hickory or white
OAK are not to be found, hoops, partic-
ularly those of rice casks, are made of
the young stocks and of branches not
exceeding one inch in diameter. Its
tWlgs are exclusively chosen for the
prooms with which the streets and
courtyards are swept. The twigs of
the other species of birch, being less
supple and more brittle are not
proper for this use. Shoe lasts are
maze from black birch, but they are
less esteemed than those of beech.
immense Quantities of wooden shoes
are made in France from the wood of
Ihe common European alder, which are
seasoned SC, by fire before they are sold.
ne wood of the locust is substituted
lor ;. oox by the turner's in many species
81 nght work, such as salt-cellars, sugar
lows, candesticks, spoons and forks
I9r salad, boxes, and many other trihing
ooJects' which are carefully wrought
lhto peasant shapes, and sold at low
prices he olive is used to form light
ornamental articles, such as dressing
cases, tobacco boxes, etc. The wood
of the roots. which is more agreeably
ma rhlnd is mr.. srrad and for inla wing