The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-19
THE LECTURE SEASON.
REV. Mr.. sPAULpIso ON THE CHRISTIAN AM
TIQUITIEs OF ROME.


REV. Mr.. sPAULDINo ON THE CHRISTIAN An
rIQUITIEs OF ROME.
The Rev. Mr. spaulding delivered the sixth lecture
In his series on Pagan and Christian Rome Chick
ering Hall yesterday morning before large audience
The lecturer began with the catacombs and spoke Of
the conditions under which they built; the ex
istence Of Roman law furnishing protection In the
privilege OF burial 10 Christians ana Pagans. and
another law protecting private burial nelds A
wealthy Roman convert TO Christianity II he pos
sessed burial heid 90 protected gave the entire space
for excavation as Tar as the nature Of The soil would
allow. and permitted his fellow Christians the right
OF burial there. When one story filled they dug
down lower and so on.
The seven hills o. Rome said the lecturer were OF
the common tufa stone, 100 hard for excavation and
outside she city we're beds Of sand. 100 soft
Tor THIS purpose, but between the Two was . soil
known as goanuiaua peculiarly adapted for tho pur-
pose. II was the peculiarly OF Ihs SOIL that rendered
the caacomos possible u 10 estimated thai there
$50 miles OF these subierranesn passages There are
ioriy-two regions OF them. A plan OF the catacombs
was shown which had the appearance OF a plan OF the
winding streets and alleys OF London The Callislo
catacomb, excavated IN lS49 under the direction of
signor de Kossi--the largest OF the catacom bs WINS
shown on the screen and explained TO the audience
The palm branch, which was thought 10 have mark
the tomos Of the martyrs, 10 now known
TO have been merely The emblem OF Christian
faith, SO that the numuer o. martyrs has peon
reiuced from hundreds 10 tens. Art in the cala-
OF the religious feelings OF the early Christians, and
by II we can trace the theology OF the times The
cross DID not appear IN art until century after ils
ABOLITION as means OF punishment
Ar. spaulding then spoke OF the bascas and
churches OF Rome, Il is estimated, said he, that
there are 800 churches in Rome This state ment he
aid not vouch Tor, but he did that there were
great many, and that Mr.. Hare, IN his 'Waks IN
Rome" described hall that number. IL Is well TO
know what you are gong TO see when you out on
a tour oil Rome. GUIDE books are little good. You
should some particular bruncn OF study such as
TO these churches will DO you some good When
the Roman Empire embraced Christianity Inc
basilicas OF Rome werc the courts OF justice, but IN
no instance was pagan basilica used as Christian
church. The reason OF this was that the early Chris
tans erected their places of worship over the spot
where the remains OF their dead buried. But The
pagan bascas furnished quarries from which great
deal OF material was taken tor the succeeding
churches. There are at present thirty basiilcas IN
Rome The plan oil tho basca 0t Constantine was
shown by way OF Illustration the lecturer touched
upon the irescoes Cd the walls OF these basiiicas
which, hc SAID are quito as valuable to the philoogis
as 10 the archeoogist, because their inscriptions
show Us the transition from the Latin TO the Italian
tongue
There are two moro lectures in this Interesting
course yet 10 be delivered.
PROFESSOR J. s. NEwBERnY ON GEOLOGY AND
EVOLUTION.
course OF lectures under the auspices OF the
Academy Of Sciences, was opened last evening ut
citation Hall, before large audience. by Professor J.
s. Eewberry, who discoursed upon the subject OF
geology and evolution. Alter referring to the
differences OF opinion held by distinguished
gentlemen rs TO tho development OF AMI
NAL and vegetable lie tho lecturer, by
the aid Of chart, gave resume Of the geological
record. tracing the progress OF formations through
the various ages, ana illustrated the progress made
In each Of these ages In the growth OF animal and
n as SsS' .v hs .hs.
perhaps destitute Of any new light, was
certainly very Instructive; and as be described
by the action OF the waves upon tho land the lorna.
ton anu uprising out Of the seas OF continents,
movement OF matter, he was attentively listened
He showed that in all the changes from one ago TO
sp n. .nas
doms: IAN through the great tertiary age
We dnd," he SAID, continual advancement In
OF large animals and mammoths which preceded
tho drst appearance Of man upon the earth. With
age animals, and with them man, Thore are
many chapters In the geological record that
ns S.su
covered by future Investigation We could not
adhere 10 the theory oil evolution AZ generally ac
cepted by Darwin ana Others that there n constan,
progress IN lfethat one age Is parent oil the other
The second iccturcof the course will be oy PROBES
scr Chandler, who Will speak on photography" on
the 4th OF March.
DR. J. u. RAYMOND ON ADULTERATED MILK.
Dr. J. Il. Raymond Sanitary Superintendent oil
Brooklyn, IectuIed last evening before the Kings
County MIX Dealers Exchange and their friends al
the hall Of the Young Mons Christian Associa-
ton, corner OF Fulton street and Gallatin place,
Brooklyn, on "Mik, and the Means OF Detecting
Adulteration." Dr. Raymond commenced BY explain
ing TO tue audience that cows milk was composed OF
the following properties Water, STAB; TAT, s. %;
caseine, 4.l0; milk sugar, 443; ash. 10 MIX, the
same rs eggs The speaker continued, had all the
ingredients OF food, and lie could be sus-
tanned by II for an almos: indefinite period.
when any OF Its ingredients are taken away then It's
nutrtve value rs an article oil food ID impaired. The
only practicable deliberations OF mix the
ton OF water and the removal Of fat The variations
oil Tho proportions OF The properties OF good milk Dr.
Raymond said, were within known limits, although
there was really no arbitrary standard OF good milk.
The minimum specific gravity Of pure mix l029.
This fact had been settled The lacIometer Is used to
ascertain thut gravity.
The lecturer read from tho testimony elected dur ~
the recent trials In Brooklyn evidence going to show
that the actometcr Is tectly reliable
III showing tho unreliabiliiy Of the croamom BIO
said that all OF the cream OF unauthorized milk will
not rise 10 the top within the period VI
twenty -four hours, whilo the cream OF sdulteratod
mix viii do So From this ~ Will BIZ seen that mix
which shows only ten per cent of cream that time
may be pure; while that showing thirteen per cent
mish DO adulterated. Chemical analysis, he SUD,
had also demonstrated tho unreiabty OF the cream
ometcr The lecturer closed by abiding 10 the
evs OF skimmlng aud aduiterating milk during Tho
lecture he illustrated his subject by the OF y num-
Der oi diagrams
GERMAN HOSPITAL AND DISPEN-