davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

The Col. Larkin Saith referred ttoas Speak
err of the Virginia House in $500 was the
grandfather Of DR.. E. II. Smith, Of the pres
ent House of Delegates, and OF Major z.
Maurice Smith of the Wing, and great grand
father of j. Amber Smith, Esq.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

mo 241]
TN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED
l. States.-In Bankruptcy
In the matter of Samuel Griffith, Bankrupt.
To whom it may concern:
The undersigned, John Paul, of Harrisonburg,
Rockingham Co., Va. hereby gives notice of his
appointment Assignee of the estate OF
Samuel Griffith, of Page county, Virginia,
in said District, who was on the day of a.
d., 1877 adjudged u bankrupt on his own petit
ton by the District court OF said District.
Dated February l1th 1878.
feb 14-3w JOHN PAUL, Assignee
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28
St0tt5atoB advertisements.

StGu7ato7s advertisements.
LEVY BROS
GRAND
DRY GOODS BAZAAR,
Staunton, Virginia.
You can buy the following articles and many 9TH
ers impossible to enumerate. The fact is, you can
buy almost anything you want at prices that de-
iy competition
Zen Gents will buy
l dozen excellent lead pencils,
! pair of Extra Heavy White Hose,
l pair of Extra Heavy Gents Socks.
Ladies' Silk Tie.
Gents Black Silk Bow,
Quire Eote Paper and 25 Envelopes.
| Bottle Best Writing Ink,
4 Papers Good Pins,
2 Papers Good Needles,
Spools No. l Thread 200 yards on each,
l Cake of Colgates Celebrated Toilet Soap,
l Good Tack Hammer,
Bottle of Mucilage and Brush
l Pair Ladies' Elastics,
Boxes Best Backing.
l Bottle Best Machine Oil,
/ Large China Doll,
1 Handsome Breast Pin,
| Pair of Handsome Ear Rings,
Dozen Shoe Strings,
! Set Ladies Cuffs and Collars,
l Set Ladies Corset Stays. covered,
Gross Agate Buttons.
/ Beautiful Chrome.
/ Box Gents Linen Faced Collars, E..-E
l Gents Colored I'm Silk Handkerchief,
l Genuine Rubber Dressing Comb.
Twenty-Five Cents will Buy
Red Thread Lace Tie,
Beautiful Celuloid Breast Pin,
l sett Beautiful Celuloid Breast Pin Ear Rings
Pair All Rubber suspenders,
Pair British Il Hose,
2 Pair Ladies' Merino Hose,
l Bottle DreXel's Cologne,
6 Photograph Frames,
Box Note Paper containing "a Sheets of Paper,
"A Envelopes, Pen older, Bottle of Ink, &C.,
2 Gentlem ems Linen Bosoms,
l Dozen Ladies' Lace Rufs,
l Ladies' Russia Leather Pocket Book,
70 Bottles Shoe Polish.
6 Hemmed Handkerchiefs,
l Pair Fleeced Lined Ladies' Gloves,
Pair Fleeced Lined Mems Gloves,
Cakes Best Laundry Soap,
l Pound Unbleached Knitting Cotton.
Il Pound Bleached Knitting Cotton,
Yards of Good Bleached Cotton.
Yards of Good Unbleaehed Cotton,
pair Ladies' White Ribbed Merino Hose,
pair Mems Colored Ribbed Merino Hose,
1 Comb and Brush good quality,
Good Tooth Brushes,
l White Thread Lace Tie,
1 Black Thread Lace Tie.
Fifty Gents will Buy
Motto Frame, including glass, cord and screws,
1 Centennial Looking Glass,
Pound White Ball Knitting Cotton,
l Heavy Ladies' Merino Vest,
l Heavy Gents Merino Vest,
l Heavy Chi1drens' Merino Vest,
X Ream Best Note Paper,
10 Packages Best Envelopes, assorted colors,
Ladies French Corset and Strings,
Pair Mems Buck Gloves,
10 Yards of Good Calico,
l Worsted Breakfast Shawl,
Ladies Felt Boulevard Skirt.
Ladies' Straw Hat and any coioreti wing
Boys Felt Hat or Cap,
Silk Sash yards long,
Handsome Black Ostrich Tip
l Child's Blue or Red Opera Hood,
1 Boys or Girls Iron Money Bank,
Girls Fur Cap,
Handsome Lace Tidy,
White Bed Spread, fringed ends,
Dozen White Linen Table Napkins
l Bronze Violet Stand,
Sets Linen Collars and Cuffs,
l Sett Ladies' and Misses Rubber Shoes.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

Advertisements inserted at $l,00 per square for
first insertion, and fifty cents for each subsequent
Insertion.
Liberal discount made for quarterly half yearly,
and yearly advertisements.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28
Will Treat ALI Alike.

Our stock is composed of so many different arti-
Giles that it will be impossible to enumerate one
half.
We Will sell q Gentlemans Black Hat for 99cts.
From one to three shirts for 99cts.
Two pairs of Canton Flannel Drawers for 99cts
A Razor, Strap, Brush, Mug and Soap for 99cts.
Broadway Hat for School Girl, trimmed for 900
Lot of Ladies' Underwear cheap-see lady clerks
Ladies' Skirts from 99cts up.
Ladies Striped Wooden Stockings from 2 to pairs
for 99cJs
We have large lot of dresses made up for chill
dren, which will sell cheap.
We will sell clipper sled for CSC.
Great Eastern, large size for 81 90.
-Four wheel wagon for 99ctS.
We will sell a nice drum complete for 99ctS
A large size drum for 81 %.
Children Rocking Chairs for 99cts
We have a few large sized worth So 90 for 81 80
We have stylish lamps complete for 99c
We have Ladies' Chains worth five dollars for SOC
Silver plated napkin rings for 99cts
walking cane for 99cts.
Umbrellas for 99cts
We have beautiful lot of vases from 900 pair
to 99c a piece.
We have fine selection of Ladies' Work Baskets
and stands. For further particulars call Thurs
day morning at the
99c Store on Augusta Street,
STA u NToN,
STUFF a BABIES, PrOprietOrs.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28
n. s. GKAY,
feb21 u. s. Marshal for said District.

w EsTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA: To wit
w In the Clerk office of the District Court
at Harrisonbu1g, OH the 18th day of February,
1878. ...as..
John G. Newman, asssigneeof H. A. Buck, Bank
rupt, Compl't.
VS.. FIN Chancery. 4o.t III ..,s"4t7
John J. Richardson, Henry A. Buck, and Israel B.
Beemer, Respts.
The object of this suit is TO obtain Judgment
against the respondents for the amount OF q bond
for $63O.0Q, executed to complainant June 23rd,
o76 for the first deferred payment on real estate
sold respondents by complainant in the bank
rupt matter of H. A. Buck, and for $2.16 costs OF
protest of a negotiable note executed to COM
plainant as collateral for said land bond, which
negotiable note was dshonored, -said land bond
having been destroyed by fire. --i''''i5 ~.
And affidavit being made that the respondent,
John j. Richardson, is nonresident OF the State
of Virginia. it is ordered that he do appear here
within one month after due publication of this
order, and answer compliments bill, OF, do what
is necessary to protect his interest. And it is
ordered that a copy CT this order be published
once week for four successive weeks in the
VALLEY VIRGINIAN, a newspaper published in
Stanton, Virginia, and another copy posted at
the front door OF the courthouse OF Rocking
ham county. on The first day of the March term,
1873, of the County Court of said county.
Teste, VIM. B. LURTY, Clerk.
NEWMAN, pa. Feb. 2l-it
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

Mr.. Tilden probably wishes, and has Of
ten wished since he made that evasive and
characteristic return, that he had paid
all the tax rightly due by him to the gov
ernment-Inder appeal.
1t is painful fact to remember that this
miserable old income tax fraud was foisted
on the Conservatives of Virginia by the
Dispatch and Wig, and actually voted for
the President. The Mercury always saw
through the Great Informer who accepted
Tweed's money and then 'peached' on the
Boss.-Farmriue Mercury.
This is good Democratic authority, and
we especially call the attention of our DEM
ocratic friends in Virginia to the testimony.
1t would be well enough too, while think
ing of the imposition praeticed upon the
country in the nomination of Mr.. Tildcn to
give little though to the exhibit now being
made in the Basement Offices at Richmond,
Va. The report of the Committee appoint
ed for that purpose is startling, and shows
what gross receptions have been practiced
| upon the people.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

wv EsTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA To witt
w In tho clerks office of the District Court
at Harrisnnburg, on the 18th day of February
1879.
John G. Newman, assignee of Fl. A. Buck. Bank
rupt, CompPt
VS.. : In Chancery.
John ]. Richardson Henry A. Buck and VIM. c.
Overall, Respts
Tho object of this suit is to obtain Judgment
against tho respondents for a bond executed by
respondents to complainant on the gard day OF
June, 1876, payable eighteen months after date.
for $4,000, being the last deferred payment on real
estate sold by complainant TO Respondents in the
bankrqpt matter OF II. A. Ruek,--said bond hav-
ing been destroyed by fire.
And AFFIDAVIT heing made that the respondent,
John j. Richardson, is a nonresident of the State
of Virginia. it is ordered that he do appear here
within one month after due publication of this
order, and answer complainant's BILL or do what
is necessary to protect his interest. And it is
ordered that a copy OF this order be published
VALLEY VIRGINIAN, a newspaper published in
siaunton, Virginia, and another copy posted at
the front door OF the courthouse Of Rocking
ham county On the first day Of tile March term,
1873, ofthe County Court OF said county.
Teste, VIM, b. LURTY. Clerk.
NEWMAN, p. q, Feb. 21-4t
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

The Washington correspondent of the
Baltimore San OF the 10th says:
All doubts as to the Presidents action on
the Silver bill are set at rest to-day. lie
stated in conversation that he certainly
should veto the bill, first, because it was an
injury to public credit, secondly; it was a
breach of public faith; and, thirdly. it was
unconstitutional. 1t interferes with vested
rights and is a violati on of contract. In re-
gard to this last point, however, the Presi-
dent said he was not perfectly clear.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28
Dobbins' Starch Polish ! !!
(HOW DA SHINE

GREAT UISCUVENY !
By the use of which every family may give
their Linen that brilliant polish peculiar to fine
laundry work. Saving time and labor in ironing
more than its entire cost. Sold by Grocers, or
will be sent postage paid on receipt of rs cts.
DOBBINS, BRO. & CO., IL, N. Fourth St.,
dec 20 Philadelphia.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

Issued Every Thursday Morning.
80 90 A Year, Invariably In Advance.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

Below give some facts in the shape of prices,
that are matchlessan we ask the people to come
and see If we do not mean what We say.
2OOpieces ofStandard Prints. beautiful styles &c.
Good Calicoes, only Sc.
Best "A Brown Cotton only &C..
6 g % 81" &c.
Cases Bleached Cotton 5, So and Get
Papers of Pins for &C. best needles SC
Best Machine Oil only &c. Linen 'k'fs for &c In
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1878-02-28

You can buy the following articles and many 9TH
ers impossible to enumerate. The fact is, you can
buy almost anything you want at prices that de-
fly competition.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21
A NEW GINEVRA.

She was an only child her name was Gincvra
hlcXandrina blanche Clarissa Jones,
And in her fifteenth year became u bride,
Marrying an only son, Francisco Doria,
TO whom her parents betrethed her ut her
birth,
Ills father being well hceed with prospects,
excellent.
Great was the Joy; but ut the nuptial feast,
The yiands being on the table smoking,
Ana all sat down. the bride herself was want
ing
Nor was she to be found! Her father cried,
"AlcXandrina Blanche Olarissa, come to din
This minute, or YOU won't get q bite"
And hlltd his glass to ali, but his hand shook
\ great deal more than usual,
And soon from guest to guest the panic
spread.
Twas but that instant she had left Francisco,
Laughing, and looking back, and flying Still,
Her iyoiy tooth imprinted on his finger,
Where she had bitten him, in turn for pinch
ing her
Eut notl, alas she was not to be found,
Nor from that hour could any thing be guess
But that she was not therel
Weary Of life, Francisco
Flew To St. Louis and was sunstruck;
The father lived, and long might you have
An old man wandering as in quest of some
thing.
When no was gone the house remained a
while
silent and tcnantless,
Then was sold mt sherii's sale,
And went to strangers.
Full fifty years had passed, and all forgotten,
When on Il day, n day of cleaning house,
An old chest was noticed, and twas said,
why not remove it from it's lurking place,
And scrub behind itE'
Twas done as soon us said, but on the way
II burst, il tell and 10 Il parchment,
Upon which in trembling hand was written:
" Francisco DOria may be IL very nice BOY,
But not my style is he. ] long have loved
Another--Algernon r. Duzenberry,
who even now is waiting for me
With II coach and four,
At the corner of John and Market streets,
So please excuse haste and gold pen.
Yours truly, Ginevra."
oil City Derrick.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21
The Most Remarkable Duel Ever
Fought.

The famous duel in which 40 or more
gentlemen were engaged, in 1928, is
Still remembered in Natchez. Col.
James Bowie, the famous fighter and
inventor of the knife which bears his
name, used to spend a great deal OF his
time in that city. He was challenged
by gentleman from Alexandria, La,
whose friends, to the number OF 4O or
more, accompanied him to Natchez to
see fair play, knowing that Bowie was a
desperate man and had his own frlenas
about him. All parties went upon the
field. The combatants took their places
in the center, separated from their
friends in the rear, or enough not to en-
danger them with their balls. Behold
the battle-array thus: Twenty armed
Louisianians so yards behind their
champion and his seconds and surgeon,
and opposite them, as far behind Bowie
and his seconds and surgeon, ~ armed
Mississippians. Behold the heights OF
Natchez thronged with spectators, and
a steamer in the river rounded to, its
deck black with passengers watching
with deep interest the scene.
The plan of fight was to exchange
shots with pistols, and to close with
knives, Bowie being armed with his own
terrible weapon. At the first fire both
parties escaped. At the second the
Louisianian was too quick, and took ad-
vantage of Bowie, who waited the word;
At this Bowels second cried K" Foul
play" and shot the Louisianian dead;
The second of the latter instantly killed
the slayer of his principal. Bowie drove
his knife into this man. The surgeons
now crossed blades, while, with loud
cries, came on the two parties offriends,
the light of battle in their eyes. In
moment the whole number was en-
gagged in fearless conflict. Dirks, pts,
tolls, and knives were used with fatal
effect until one party drove the other
from the field I do not know how
many were killed and wounded in all,
but it was dreadful slaughter. Bowie
fought like lion, but fell covered with
wounds. For months he fingered at the
Mason House before he fully recovered.
-Morristoa0n (Tenn.) Gazette. ..l
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21
The Children.

No home with young children in it
should be without its "children's hour"
The hour after supper can not be used
to better advantage, even by the father
and mother, than to give it up to "get-
ting acquainted with the children. :"
Play with them if that is their
mood. What zest it gives to their mer-
riment if papa shares, or better yet,
causes it! Or if stories or quieter games
are desired, how happy and profitable
may be the hour spent around the table.
And then, what q famous time for the
little knowledge cleaners to ask ques-
lions, knowing that they will not be put
off by pre-occupation or the plea OF a
lack of time.
The children will grow away from
their parent, wonderfully fast if there
are none of these sympathetic bonds to
hold them together If you can not
spare more time, mothers, take OIL a
little part of the hour and reserve it to
accompany your little ones to bed. Lit
tie five-year-old Golden-hair and eight
year-old Charlie will get composure
and happiness which shall launch them
into sweet sleep, from chapter read,
or story told to them after they are
snugly put away in their little cribs.
Scarcely any thing will extenuate send
ing children to bed grieved, or unhap-
py or angry. Patience is hard; childish
freaks and outbreaks, and even the ex-
uberance of The blessed healthful spirits,
are trying; but GOODNESS, and petulance,
and selfishness, and unhappiness are
worse. Have you "children's hour
in your daily home calendar If not,
suppose you try the experiment OF set,
ting one apart.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21
TONY caught at car and fell back

Tony cauShe Nv " o'' "'N
ward. ,.o,;o,.
October day, hushed something ike
that day on which Tony was baptized
I heard his shrieks over here; both
limbs taken off below the knee.
Dreadful to hear about, isn't it? -,
It wouldn't harmonize, maybe, with
your reyeries in this plush-covered easy,
chair or your dreams over cream-tinted
pages; but had you sat here that beau
tifHl noon, you would have heard Tony s
screams just the same, even though you
had finished the most eloquent period
upon the divine tenderness. ,
The boy recovered, but Julie lived
only a year or two. She died suddenly.
II NAV have been heart-disease, or 1t
NAV have been something else. Inc
doctor didn't seem to know.
Tony fingered two or three years. lie
died from this very room. t,.,
Blodgett didn't die. He went out OF
the /" saloon business" and removed TO
a city where he wasn't known. ne Is
successful and respectable, fat and jolly
and has forgotten the past.
Now, shall leave you to finish your
sermon, but just remember not only thai
YOU are to speak to people who've form
ed their opinions from life, but possibly
to people such as Hammerston once was
-EKzabeth A. S. Chester.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21
JOHN HAMMERSTON.
An illustration Drawn from Life,

An lllubtratDn OrdWh
On Eternal Punishment, chp That's
the fashion Just now. But don't you 60
10 being pert, Rob, and telling, "what
| think" and according to my views,'
and twisting Scripture to support your
ideas. just remember there'll be men
and women to hear the sermon who
formed their opinions before ever You
were born, and formed them from life,
too. An opinion taken from life is quite
\ different affair, Rob, from one talked
up by company of good-natured theo-
logues, adopted, perhaps, because the
professor who maintained the opposite
theory is dry old fellow whom you
wouldn't like to resemble.
The case with you, Rob, and with all
those theological boys who come here
visiting and eat my pound-cake and
yeal-loaf with such worldly relish is !:
you've a good deal of sentiment, good
deal of sympathy and some vanity, and
you'd rather stand and be shot at-by
each other at least-than to be called
marrow or " blue" or sectarian. "
Not fair? Love of truth, ehP There
are mysteries in life, Rob, and neither
Won nor | are going 10 solve them all.
You've seen that little soft curl cut
from jules head the day after her
mother died, and your uncle and | took
her home with us; but | never told you
much about her.
She was only 10 when she was mar
ried. 4 day or two before the wedding
She and and Mr.. Hammerston went
down 10 look over the house.
HammerStun had planned it himself,
and Of all the strangely constructed
dwelling, that ever | wasin that was the
que,re,t, but he thought it very supe-
nor. and when she suggested few
changes. be came down in his over
bearing way, and remember just how
th, pink in her checks Crept out TO her
ears and up To- her forehead. After that
she praised every thing, and Mr.. Ham
mcr,.ou uApOuuGcd his theories He
lad ..sslfe, .U5a, every thing f1o-n the
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21

The experiment of using superheat-
ed water for locomotives has been sue
cessfully tried on the tramway connect
inc Reveil and Marly-le -Roi, France.
Tie engines are charged with water
heate to 80 degrees c., which is al
lowed to vaporize as fast as required;
and by doing away entirely with furna-
ces in the locomotives, tic dangers OF
explosions. IS well rs the cause Of ter
ror to passing horses are easily avoided.
A locomotive propelled in this manner,
AID attached TO two carriages, assembled
g gradient Of five miles and halt in the
hundred AZ the rate Of Is miles an hour.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21
GRANSIR.

A Grand old man,
Btilt after the oldcn PLAN 100,
a muscular body, massive neau,
a man TO value the longer le inee'
a man to remember whch uc"u'
wish YOU could see MN
SIT back NJ his ease ,.,oosoN
Awake or asleep, rs you l,ichSc|'
VILE he Whifs, ANA nc Who"s
And read him the news
"Who's killed to-day"
Ito n-ks In his ancient way
mSnd what have they stolen this timc' my
ladl ,>oao
rad works boy, bad-very bar
Then for that ludicrous perch OF the eye
While the pipe gets a slidc
To the other side,
where hepuiis and poems,
Keeping up with the news.
4 character! -,
Nyrcn Inc begins, 81 tell yc, sir"-
'r.s worth whole book oi You, hhoucr" 'ai"
Then the silence after his "shy-
The solemn shuttle OF his walk
And tamping OF his cane.
You may put down
When YOU sec that froWn,
Nnd the dim gray lights unusually clever,
He's about TO settle some subject forever
He's so complete
From his head TO his feet, .....
Inside and out so made to keep!
There's no one feature before tine rest:
lie makes you laugh and he makes you weep,
lie stops the hole IN your soul;
He sOftens the tough
An leaves the rough,
Az he snoozes and smokes
And breaches and Jokes.
Ills children and wife
Have gone to the better HE,
And not n companion Is left;
But he says: "Theyve only the start-thata
ALL"
And YOU never would think him Dereit.
lie wears the calmest face on the farm.
And with II genuine stamp OF Joy,
often declares he's "yOung rs boyF'
sill he smiles and he smokes
Between sermons and Jokes. ....
a grand old man
Built after the oldcn plan;
A muscular body, II massive head,
man to value the longer he lives,
man to remember when dead.
Years vet may he Timber his cricks,
This peerless old son OF the past!
And may be the last
While he whiiIs and he whews,
To listen or read him the news
John lance Cheney, in Sunday Afternoon.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21

Charles G.. Leland, the '.H an: DLv "a
man. of old times in Philadelphia S Aut.
who is now living in London, rePrtsos
ed England at the Paris Exposition r In.
delegate I, the Congress LitterairgT I'm %
ternationale. His confreres WeiT IS
TAYLOR and Blanchard Jerroid. Il az S
quite surprise to the AmeI Tn lie,
gates to recognize their old ifie'i-
land Is an EEglishman.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1878-09-21

Cant you put your trust in Jesus,
John? Can't you love him now, John?
o, John!"
But he died and gave no sign.
Your uncle had already done so much
for her that Julie now set her heart up
on earning her own and Tony's sup
port, and all the village helped her.
When Tony was IA, Mr. Howard, the
mill-owner, gave him work.
Mr.. Howard, now, was one of those
men who incline you to liberal views,
rot much of church-goer, and no great
believer in doctrines but hating liquors,
and full of kindness to the poor. Tony
bad strange appetite for strong drink,
and, being amusing when under its in
fluence, he could get it gratuitously from
Biodgett. Many and many a time he
would steal down there, and be followed
and brought back by Mr.. Towards men.
One day the mill stopped for repairs
and Tony crept away to the saloon.
Blodgett was, at that time, just over the
railroad track. You can see the place
from here; there, just beyond the cul-
vert.
When the little sense the boy had was
well muddled. down came a heavy
freight train and slowed up" before
Blodgett's. Tony lad seen the BOYS
spring upon moving trains al the depot,
and lie started for this.
The men cried. "B bard Il, Tony,
you're good for H." B.cjce:t laugh
ing a the boys sqrawlia- movements
until the tears ran down MS cheeks.