The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-01

Proestants wouii respect her all the more and bish
ops and priests, keeping within the limits OF their
power would he more united ana stronger 70 oomoa'
error and effect good
THE CORRESPONDENT AND THE VATICAN.
Some months before the opening VI the Vatican
Council the Correspondent. an important periodical OF
Paris, published an article, generally accepted us ex-
pressing The views Of most engh.enea Casn Shnr
and the obedience OF bishops and people 10 tho Holy
Sec at period more manifest than 10 our time
that, moreover. the progress OF the age materially
helped the convooaiion OF councils, the French
Catholics go on say :-"Let us express wish. so
many wishes have already been made and granted
so many nave been made that seem more like orders
gwen. Why should not we but with greater reserve
enjoy the ssme right, and, not looking ahead partcu
larry not commanding, who can prevent us from wisn
ing giving expression to our wsh even an others
have done2 We would desire that TINS union OF the
episcopate the papacy the consoling spectacle OF
which. alter SO many years, offered To our eyes,
might, in the future government OF the Church, De-
come, not solemn exception. but custom surviving
the already rare convocation OF councils continuing
even IN active service. during their interval.
A form may perhaps be found by the Council, the
Pope asserting, TO give the entire episcopate snare
in the ordinary government OF the Church, In whcn
to-day, by TOO exclusive recruiting from Roman con-
gregations, the Italian clergy clone take part God
FORBID that We should not acknowledge the services
rendered 10 tho Church IN time OF difficulty by TINS
learned body OF tho Court OF Kome-Rome, centric OF
sound traditions; great teacher IN politics. in dplo
macy in Jurisprudence; Rome, that In her encoun-
with the powers Of the world mas known how 70
bo at once gentle firm, courageous and moderate
indomttable IN resisting encroachments prudent in
all hor conccssions. This organization, however, IS
In this matter, however, tho sovereign ponins were
ut liberty 10 act, but were SO compelled oy tho
action of Kingr, VINO wished 10 keep the episcopate
and clergy under their dominion, and this ac
count the Popes chose their advisors IRON among
their nearest neighbors. When all communities
ton of tho papacy with Catholic nations
interrupted, when even national churches stood In
Jealous reserve oil Rome; when politics, In word,
had created void about me Holy See naturally the
was confined. To-day, now that the barriers have
fallen, tho circle must widen. II is and always will
- shnE al tev IN I'm 4 Inn
OF Chrstendom; but Italy, may be stated, Is not n
Guided in such privilege, and to-day, perhaps moro
serving of sucn consideration. Let the papacy cease
from being exclusively Italian and become by closer
with tho episcopate, no; merely European, but
universal"
CARDINALS PROM ABROAD TO RESIDE IN ROME.
The wish OF the CorrcsDondant was not too pre-
sumptious, and what form could guarantee the
entlro ep,scopatc share in the Of the
Church Not frequently convoked councils. since an
institution was asked that might survive the Al
ready rare convocat0ns Of councils ana continue ia
force during their interval. Bishops are dispensed
from only TO assist at councils. We cannot
remaining IN Rome to takc share In the habual gov
eminent oil the Church. Bishops without missions
with the title IN pdrtdns infdel'nm ana taken from
reside Rome consultors or as secretaries OF con-
gregntions. This no doubt would be step In advance.
bat what guarantee Tor the perpetuy Of such an IN.
sthution2 During somo years 1t might prevail and
then things would sink TO their accustomed level.
Did tne Correspondent to speak
Of cardinals taken from Cathonc natIonss the
Council Trent expressed this desire Benedict XIV
expressed tho same III consistorai aiiocution When
the Pope returned from Gaeta in 1867 u seemed to
be decided that all Catholic nations would DO hence
forth represented In the Sacred College. Circum-
stances did allow the carrying out OF tue pro-
cramme Two cardinals, strangers, wore named 10
reside Roma Cardinal Viilecourt died and was not
replaced for tho French Cardinal was chosen as
being a Bened,ctne and IN nowise on account OF hts
rationality Since the time Of the French Revolution
only Jour or Eve cardinals, strangers, have usually
lived In Rome. We do moi count Cardinal Maury
(born In the papal dominons) nor Cardinal Fesch, a
Corsican ana whom Rome received as an exile. Thus
the experience Of three centuries docs warrant
10 rely upon the Observance OF rule prescr b ne
choice OF the cardinals from among the different
Christian nati0ns
THE TEN YEAR LAW or CONSTANCE.
A renewal OF the decree OF Constance prescribing a
general council every ten years was asked tor
nope this may DC done without, however expecting
place. The decree OF Constance was observed but
once. when Martin '. and Eugenius ~; oonvokea !.
Council of Trent as said before the Italian bishops,
the King OF Portugal and the French ambassadors
formally asked tor The enforcement Of the law oil Con-
stance and Plus ~ consented TO issue decree con-
voking council every twenty or twenty-five years.
Ii tho fathers aid not dccroe It appears TO be
tho fault OF the presiding cardinals who did not com.
municate them the Pope's intention. Even II the
law had been made doubt whstner II would have
BISHOPS TO PARTICIPATE IN PAPAL ELECTIONS.
One thing alone could guarantee with some degree
Of efficacy the observance OF reform In the Church.
mean the election OF Pope. Let the archbishops
or tho Catholic world or one bishop IRON each pro
vince enter the Conclave with the cardinals TO elect
tne Pope; then all reforms will take place; then thu
episcopate will be tho ally Of she papacy IN the gov
ern meut or the Church. law prescribing general
council every ten or twenty years might soon become
dead letter; but things would change If the bishops
decmipg this convOcation necessary or possible
could in conclave demand from tue future Pope az
oath similar TO that taken by tho cardinals who
named Plus w., oath which the Pope after his
election ratified, and w obedience TO which he pub
lished tn bull ordering the Council OF Trent. Ii ex
pcrlcucc teaches there will be after illusions.
The cpiscopate Is NOT called upon TO interfere In the
choice OF pope Is 10 be feared that all things elss
will DO powerless.
DIVINE LAW DOES NOT DETERMINE THE MODE OF ELEc
The election Of a pope interests the whole Church
Divine law docs not determine the mode OF election
During the first centuries the CARDINALS alone md
not determ,ue the election; tho Roman clergy took
part In IL. and sometimes the people acclaimed
the future pope. rhe Church at Rome concerned u
the discipline generally established irsm the time Of
tho apostles. Alexandra had inherited from St
Mark special privilege. All tho priests did not take
part election oil the bishop the voting being
confined 10 The Twelve tuar' OF the churches o. IN.
type coming down ron the apostolic era aud des
tined to be "A model when the institution oil chapters
died out In tho Church
THE roPEs or THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES
GIVE PAPAL ELECTIONS TO THE CARDINALS.
In the eleventh ana tweItn centuries the change
took place that gsvc papal ecctionsto the carol
nails Popos Leo IN, Nicholas A., 81. Gregory VII.
and Alexander Ill prepared or constituted the new
method OF election. Councils were called upot u
legslate on the election OF the Pope lu council n,
Rome Nicholas II. promulgated his famous decree.
Alexander H., presiding M Inc third COUNCIL oil
Iutcran published the constitut ion requiring tue two
tn,rcs vote OF the cardinals In the second General
Council OF Lyons Gregory X Instituted tho Concave
The necessity OF restraining the cardinals from excr
cisipg pontnca authority scdc rqcdnte was provided
against by Clement " IN tho General Council ot vi
emma. 1t well known that the Council oil Constance
undertook TO prescribe new laws Tor tlse election OF
the Pope whcb should end the great schsm Pius ".
Published bull the conclsvc aud seriously thought
OF sending IL TO the Council OF front 10 have II
recognized ana confirmed. fnc Interference OF coun.
cils IL therefore attested by history.
porn REPRESENTS the CHURCH.
1t would ne a mistake ~ say lie MAS delegate OF
the Church that the power OF the Keys was gwen
him by the Cnutch. The bull 1ucforem ffet OF Fius
VI. Condemns tins doctrine as htret,cd The term
representative Is however. orthodox Pope
Gregory XIV used 1t in his book triumph oi the
Holy Sccn &c. ~, Nos. and n aud on this
principle lie establishes the authority OF the Pope IN
matters OF faith and doctrine ''Wnep the Pope In
tends TO sxerc MS supreme autuoriy and conse-
quently as hving and actual representative OF the
Church to bind the fai;hisi, &c, the Pope Is in-
vested With privilege simply because he repre-
sents the Church. To actually represent II depends
upon hts primacy. Now Le docs not always make
use Of this exercise Of primary" Gregory xvi
says that the power OF general councils rests on tue
anal