davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
Gelu manteo

NVANTED-CrOchet hands on featheT-edge
w braid samples afer4 16S Jacksonst Brooklyn. r. D
WANTED-A young man that can write
w good hand 10 receive and deliver goods aud make him
ae GENERALLY useful Address with reference stating former
employ. A., BOX % Tribune ohioe
NVANTED-TwO Protestant glrls to do the
w Of small amlyi swede preferred good refer
l25tn.sL
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
Sew-London ana NorWiel

"CITY OP LAWRENCE" !" and FALMOUTH"
from PIer 40 North River at daily, Sundays excepted
Tickets staerOOms be obtained at the Office OF the
COMPANY No AZ Broadway. 81 Canalst Freight
all points at lowest rates, For further information
inrlt MP North
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
NEW LINE TO BOSTON.

NEW LINE TO BOSTON.
Via Alyns Point from Norwich Line Pier so North River
Steamers CRY OF NEW-YORk" and "CIIY OF BOS-
TON at m daily, Sundays ncluded.
FARE ONE DOLLAR every day In the week
Positively, tickets good only day Of sale aud trains
connecting with boat at ADyD Point Good supper for 90
cents. Tickets for sale at Pier 30,
NORWICH LINE
for Boston, Worcester Portland aud all points North and
New-Iondon ana Norwich
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

CHAMBERMAID, &c.-By a Swedish glrl,
es ehsmberuad and seamstrcss, waitress city refer
snceA Cali at once at llS East 13thst
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

UHAMBERMAID, &c.-By young, respect
sble Dapsh woman speaking English. efficient in sew
ing and willing 90 light chamberwoLk or 70 attend on e
seTly lady good city reference. 4l0 West 2Oth-st
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

-I0OV &c-By a Protestant young woman,
ID cock ioT the country willing to do GSuSsw9IE
~ ss gov Win family who live there AL WINTER
country and Ironing good country reference
will 90 some cooth.sfS two par stairs IN back.
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
8itnatlons Uanlra-- mdles.

A YOUNG MAN, age II, would like stua-
N on in Wholesale drug business has been working IN
that before with hs parents best reference
Address G. S. l., Tribune Ofice
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
Excursions.

Asst TWO DAYS of the WEST POINT
IL and NEMBURG EXCuRSI0Ns via Via, Day sy,u, Line nc
9Ssrv two hours at Newburg due NewYOrk return
at $40 D. M Albany and Troy Day Line advertisement
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

CHANBERMAID &c.-A Welsh woman as
champermaid washing sewing Call for two Gays
a0o west 9Th store
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
y rhlLADhNi MIA TfA
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.

Fourteen Through Trains each daily three deDots In
Philadelphia. two In New-IOrk.
Double Track the Improved Equipment and the Fastest
Time consistent with absolute safety.
On and afteTtIuv 3, 1881
Trains leave NewYOrk DOsbrOsses and Court
landt Street Ferries, as follows:
43O 750 s20 $3.50 Imitedl, IL mi L. g. $780, 1880.
$50 and y. sunday 430 and a. m- D, o. $3.50. 1880,
$50 and y.
Boats Of " Brooklyn Annex" with all through
trains Jersey CITY, aordng speedy and direct transfer
for Brooklyn travel. ...
and III a. m Limited Express l36 ml 2 4, $3.50, anu
7Sb D. IN and ~ midnight ON Sunday, $780, g. T. 8, $50
a m a 7;3b D. m. and IL midnight
Ticket omees, Nos 500 and 544 Broadway Nc ! Asor
DesbrOsses and COuTtlandsts NO Court
and BrOOkyn Depot foot Of Fultonst Bro0kyD
Eos IA ll6 snd llS Hudsonst HobOken Depot jersey
CLtX, tluiff VI ffrraaInuSOS aI N' " L. r. FARMER,
to.naea Wsnsgen 0ep1 Passenger Agt.
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

! NOACHMAN and GRO0M.-By an honest,
" sober careful steady drver city or country thor.
onphv the care and harness.
very sul groom; twelve years city references make MN
celt usoiu Oblgng Address H. C., Sla "es' AetsI'
y,bor Qfl,a
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

BRIDGEPORT. and all points on Housatonio
~ and Naugatuck Railroads Fare s steamer Brdgepert
leaves daily Sundays exceptedl at llSO M
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

HOUSEWORh or COOK, washer and lroner.-
II BY 0 very respectable and well recommended young
hOusewok thoroughly good plain cook
SOUPS good baker; excellent washer and ir0ner
city country sober honest and Obhgng CAL at BUCKEs
$50 Ath 2AIh.aL
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

CI00K &c,-A young girl as good cook, GOOD 1000
OOS and ironer private family good city teeL; i
~ % her ast emlloyeTs Call at 2O2 East 4ethsI' <u
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

man who thoroughly understands his busness coach
man and groom careful steady city driver and an excel
lent rOOIn strictly temperate active and willing several
years good reference; highly recommended IN every
spect city country. Call or address COACIihAN, &0o
egt
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15
NEW : YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON

~ RIVER RAILROAD.-C Commencing oct. lu, 1878
through trains will leave Grand Central Depot
a. n Western and Northern Express rawing room
% Rochester and ST. Albans
1890 n M. Special Chicago ana western Express with
drawing room cars IRnandaigua Rochester and Buffalo,
II m Express 10 Albany aud Troy with connections 70
Utica Saratoga and Rutland North Adams ana Bennington
D. m. ALBANY and Troy Express IN ID aN IQr"DD rs
p 81 Louis EIpross daily with sleeping cars for 81
IOuis TunBng through In tho week sleep
ing Buffalo, Niagara Falls Toledo and Detroit ana 10
Montreal excepting Sunday night, VIA Saratoga
73O rast Express for Rochester. and corning Via
GOueva : ecping cars . ''t4ey' suu HpglC.tsr
$50 p M Pacific Express. daily, with scepiDg cars Tor
Rochester, Niagara Falls Buhao Cleveland Tuehn Detroit
and Chicago also excepting saturday night "a CLAYTON and
WAertON and e,cepng saturday and sunday nights 10
Montreal vl - A hsnE.
IL m Expross with sleeping cars 20 Albany and Troy
ITcEets for sale 2J2 2B and Al3 brondway, ann
at We.tcoft Express CO.'S Offices Nos. Parkplace 7S5
g42 Broadway, New. York and S53 Waslilngi0nst,
brooklyn. - 9, ,,,.r.t,t, o...r., p,.so,.o- ,,o,,
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

C0OK-By frst-class cook private e ,pS poSTI SdSn.
Ing bonse good city references no oOJecuon " '0 ~
~ East
New-York tribune., 1878-10-15

TOACHMAN and GROOM-By q faithful,
" reliable single man thoroughly understands his bust
ness experienced city drivers will make himself geneIsy
useful city reference from present and toneT employ
ers city or country Address X Il. NJ, No 62l BthAye
VOACHMAN and GARDENER.-By Ger
~ man. who speaks English as coaclman and gardeners
country preferred best references Address COACHhAN
lie GTeenwich-st.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
Ponds Extract.

What is it? What are its medicinal virtues?
are questions that have been repeatedly asked
lis. Ponds Extract is the quntessence OF the
Virginica Hamamelis, OF Witch Hazel, more
familiar to our country friends as the Spotted
Adder. 1t grows luxuriantly along brooks
and rvulets, and is Indigenous to the fens and
marshes of Virginia.
AS a medicament, although not by any
means catholicon, it is panacea for numer-
GUS ills to which the human flesh is heir For
pain of all kinds it is invaluable, and no fam
ily should be without it. For our part we
never take journey, whether short or long,
without first Placing in our valise bottle OF
the Extract. 1t has a specific action over all
hemorrhage, whether from the nose, the throat
or the lungs. AS we write, the subject recalls
to our MIND case where we applied Ponds
Extract with the most astonishing success.
1t was in a Western fort, in the heart OF the
Indian country. One Of the officers OF the
post, our second lieutenant. hearty, robust
man, Of full habit, was suddenly taken with
bleeding from the lungs, ana nothing that the
post physician could do for him gave him any
relief Knowing the virtue of the Extract,
suggested it as dernier resort 1t was poolr-
poohed; but as the case was desperate one
gave the patient ten drops at once. The
blood became less in quantity Immediately
i've minutes later ten drops more were given
and ten minutes afterward the same quantity
was again administered, when the hcmorrhage
ceased entirely. Six years have elapsed since
then, and heis now as robust as ever. He ha:
had no return of the hemorrhage. We car
safely recommend the Extract to the public
knowing it to be perfectly harmless and infal
lible in all pain, and TO be q sure and certain
specific for every ill for which its proprietor
claim it to be q curative. 1t has only to be in
trodliced TO beromc household neCessltv
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
VAGAREEs OF AN EMPEROR.

His Majesty the emperor of Burmah ap-
pears TO be exercising his Krupp guns
with surprising effect, but he has had the
misfortune of losing one of his chief Minis
ters of State in an untoward manner. A
short time ago his Majesty purchased three
light feld-guns. An engineer suggested
that the guns might not only be carried
about by elephants, but also fired with
effect from their baeks. The experiment
was resolved upon. The Emperor and his
chief councillors intently watched the pro-
ceedings. The moment the explosion took
place, however, the scene was all confusion.
The Monarch of tue Golden Foot had to
conceal his sacred person under wagon.
The elephant, with the discharged cannon
on its back, tore wildly hither and thither,
and, amongst others, trod the unlucky
Minister of State into ajely. At last the
infuriated elephant rushed down the bazaar,
and so left the inhabitants of the palace to
themselves. What though it trampled to
death score of Mandalayans or SO? That
was of little consequence to the Lord of the
Seven Umbrellas, when at length he found
himself safe. So aroyal edict was announ-
ced that the faithful subject of his Majesty
might eat the mischievous brute; and eaten
he only was, with curdled milk and rice,
and plantains, and honey, and sundry
secret potations. By all accounts an ele-
phant rump-steak is fine food. The Gold
Foot, having heard of this, is said to have
successfully tried the dish and expressed it
as his sublime opinion that it was much
better than the latest novelty he had at
tempted, namely French boiled frog. But
his majesty seems to be tyro in the art of
gastronomy, anyhow, for he thinks truflles
are "small frogs! Since he has bought
some Krupp guns, his chief amusement is
to practice gunnery. Some of his dearest
friends and councillors are placed about
three. quarters of mile distant, and have
to look out" The target is an animated
one, and his Majesty enjoys the spectacle.
As the balls from the palace battery richoc.
het along, the Burmese clriefs dodge about OF
fall prone, and when the firing becomes hot,
take to their heels acress the country.
Shells, and grape and canister are now rare
ly tried, for his Majesty finds that his eoun-
sellors are to few to be thus literally dealt
with.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
TIN MINES OF DURANGO.

In the State of Durango, Mexico, about
nine thousand feet above the sea, there is
q remarkable tin-bearing district more
than twenty miles in extent, concerning
which a few particulars have been. made
public. By sinking of shafts it has been
ascertained that stream tin and ore
abound over the whole district. The ore
is found loose in the veins in irregular
rounded masses from the size of a pin s
head to that Of mans head; and the sup
ply is so great that "metallic tin can be
produced at cost of two cents pound. !"
There are six hundred veins already
known, and more than three hundred
drifts of stream tin. A visitor to the spot
is Of opinion that the tin ore is still form
ing. A portion ofa vein was lef. stand
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
V { G { T | N E.
purifies the Blood, Esenovates and
InvigOrates the Whole System.
ITS MEDICINAL PROPERTIES ARE
Alternative, Tonic, Solvent and
Diuretic.

VEGETINE "a made exclusively from the
juices OF carefully selected barks, roots and
herbs, and 50 strongly concentrated that it
Will effcctua!ly eradicate from the system
every taint OF ScrOfula, ScrOfulOUs
HumOr, TuInOrs, Cancer, CaMCerOIs
HumOr, ErysiPelas, Salt RheUni,
SyphlHitic Diseases. CnHkef, Faint.
ness at the Stomach, and all Diseases
that ARISE from impure blood. Sciatica,
Infla aMHmatOry and Chronic Rheu-
nlatisln, Neuralgia, GOut and Spinal
OMpiaints, can only be efectually cured
through the blood.
For Ulcers and Eruptive Diseases of
The Skin, o;,r ;P,nstHies, ,.Sai, Pimples,
an" o', RiagwSrm, ] ; VHSETisE S'naane"a las neSer
failed to effect permanent cure.
For Pains in the Back, Kidney
Complaints DrOpSy, Female Weak
mess, LeucOrritee;a, arising from Internal
ulCeratlon, anu uterIne diseases and Gem
eral Debility, VEGETINE acts directly
upon the causes Oh these complaints. Ii mvIg-
crates and streng thens the whole system, acts
upon the scCretye organs. allays In1amma-
ton, cures liberation and regulates the bowels.
For Catarrb, Dyspepsia, EabituaI
COStiVenesS, Ealpi1atiOn Of the
Heart, Headache Piles. Nervous.
ness, and General PrOstratiOn OF
the Nervous system, no medicine has
VEGETGNE. 1t purifles the blood, clcanses ali
Of the organs, and possesses u controlling
power over the nervous system.
The remarkable cures effected by VEGETINE
have induced many physicians and apothcca
ries whom we know, to prescribe and use it i'll
their own fanil cs.
In fact, VEGErINE is the best remedy yet dis
covered for the above dI-eascs, and is the only
reliable RE.GOD PURIFIER yet placed
before the public,
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
---------------------
PERSONALS ABOUT LADIES.

Nilsson Is helping the Ru ssians cele-
brate their victory at st. Petersburg.
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe notes that
there is bust Of John Brown i'll the
Museum az Geneva.
Madame Modjeska is described as
being, besides AN actress, singer, a
pianist, linguist, aud poet.
Ca"lotta Leclercq talks of revisiting
the United States next August, and Will
bring her husband, John Nelson.
Miss Esther A. Meikl cham, the great
granddaughter OF Jefferson, is a one.
Lh0usand-uollar clerk in the interior
Department..
Miss j. NJ. Kimball, of Concord, N. H.,
has been appoln. ed Clerk of the recently
organized Tax Comm ssiOn. She has
been acting as Assistant State Treas
urer.
Queen Margaret, of Italy, is said to
have pleasant way OF always saying
and doing the right thing. She is MOI
beautiful, but She has tnat great gilt,
charm.
Miss Minnie Cummings is preparing
to embark in htatrical venture, EN-
bracing elegant lignt comedy ana ar
tistic tableauX. Matt. Morgan's name
ls mentioned III connection with the en-
lerprise.
Miss Hannah de Rothschild, the be-
trothed o. Earl RoseDery, is very iair OF
hair and complexion, and wears 4 bright
smile. Her charities are magnificent,
and embrace nearly all sects and ma
tlonaLlties.
Miss Ellen Elder, of st. Mary's, KY,
has guilt, begun some years ago
When she was quite a child-Which has
one thousand lour hundred squares, con.
slsling of nineteen thousand Six hun.
ured pieces.
Gail Hamilton, in the last chapter o.
her thrilling "seriaW on the "Story OF
Avis" says this, among a few other
bright things: agreeing with every
thing Miss Phelps would say about the
badness OF men and the goodness OF
women, l am sure sne will agree with
me in thinking tnat it would be but a
monotonous sort OF world, alter all, 10
which the good God should send wolnen Ii
10 flock by themselYeow
ClothiIde, of Italy, did not go to her
fathers funeral, and this is explained
as the result OF relig Gus scrupIes.
She has never visited him at Rome or
any other OF what she considered his
badly-acqured territories. Her two
sons, however were present al the lr-
neral with their aunt, Princess Nathilde.
The eldest is in his fourteenth year and
Is udying for the Polytechnic. 1t is
prsdlc ed that they viii grow up to be
Iemarkable men.
Mrs. Lydia Maria Child is seye nty-sIx
years OLD. NoL long ago she wrote TO a
friend: Life has been rather drearv to
me since lost my kind, good compan-
ION; Tor have no children. The friends
Of old times have nearly all gone hence (;
and with tue present generation l m et
only as marbles touch ean4,
other; here and there a
point comes in contact. but the
'pheres roll apart. Neverlhe ess, have
much to be thankful Ior; and am thank
ul. l have sane mind in nedltaJ
body; and neither Of these precious gifts
is universal at the present day. 1 hay,
u few friends whp are very KIND. And
in my view OF tuings l grow moro ana
more unshackled."
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
REVOLVING CRUELTY AT SEA.

A private letter from Kong Kong con-
tains the following. A most revolving
case Of bad treatment on board ship has
been brought to light. The American
ship G. 0. Whitmore, from Cardiff, with
coal to the Naval Yard, arrived in Port the
other cay, and the crew, one and all pre-
sented themselves before Consul Bailey, and
each told sad story of continued bad treat
menr during the voyage. One Of them,
the second mate was most victimized for
disobeying the captains order to ill-treat
the crew, died from his wounds. The
poor man had seven holes in his head, and
his cheek-bones were broken. On his back
several Jumps were visible, covered with
matter. His legs were riveted by sail
needles; and in this state he was confined,
chained, in the lazaretto, four days; and
when he was carried up and laid on deck
the poor man was covered with dried blood
and filth, and was out Of his mind, talking
incoherently, and sometimes would exclaim,
" My wife! my child my child" In his
pocket was found letter from his wife, in
which the following passage occurs
Sour child has just got another TOOTH"
The captain. who supcrintended the opera
ton, now ordered some buckets of water to
be thrown over the body of the victim, now
stark naked; and sand and broom soon
removed all dried blood, and torrents of
quick blood oozed out from the wounds.
The man during this demoniacal torture
would cry out "Oh oh ~ in deep groans.
lie was afterward placed in the carpenters
shop, which means plank, four feet two
inches long by five feet, and the man meas
uring six feet, could not stretch out his
limbs. In this position he was kept four
days, when he died. When his body was
taken out to be sewn in a sheet and con-
signed to the deep, it was impossible to
stretch out his legs, the knees adhering
firmly to his breast. The consul had the
captain and the two officers arrested and
their rendition demanded from the British
Government. But it is feared that owing
to the late difficulty between great Britain
and the United States, when the treaty was
abrogated, the murderers will be allowed
to go scot free. / have only given above a
few of the most revolving atrocities.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
Valuable information,

BOSTON, MASS.
MIR. II. Il. STEvENs-Dcar Sir: My only OBJ
ject in giving you This testimonial is to spread
va liable information. Having been badly
afflicted with salt Rheum, and the whole sur
face Of my skin being covered with pimplcs
ana eruptions, many of which caused me great
pain and annoyance, and Knowing 1t to be
blood disease, 1 took many oil the advertised
blood preparations, among which was any
quantity OF Sarsaparllla, without obtaining
any bent fit until commenced taking the Veg-
etine, anu before l hatt completed the first bot
tie saw that l had got the right medicine.
Consequently follower on with 1t untll had
taken seven bottles, when 1 was pronounced
well man, and my SKIN is smooth and entirely
free from piInples. aud eruptlons. lhave never
enjoyed 50 goOd health before, and attribute
1t all to the use Of pegetinc 10 benefit those
ltll cted with Rheumatisnl. | Will make men
tion also OF the VcgeUne's wonderful power Of
ct,i1ng me- OF this acute com i,laint Of which l
have suffercd so int :nscly Z. Il. TUCKER,
Pass Ag'J Mich. I. X. r., " Washington
street, Boston,
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
ABUSE, NOT ARGUMENT.

SO raDld mas become the tone OF the
Etstern press in treating of the silver
question that they seem to have no Ca
pacity for either facts or argument.
They abuse and denounce, but argue
not at all. The New York Tribune is
considered as a very staid and solemn
paper, sometimes even to the extent OF
dullness, on topics in general. But,
touch it on the silver question, and it
rcvolts like an electric eel. Some of its
cayortings on this topic might be
sublime il they were not ridiculous.
In single brief editorial OF that pa
per OF Jan. 81, we discover these black
pearls, which its editor spitefully casts
before us "Western Swine," as the
Netropolitans M are wont to call US.
Speaking OF our bonds, the Tribune
says: "We have promised 10 pay gold,
and II we now decide to pay silver, the
world considers it swindling" Can the
T.ibune man tell US just when we prom
ised to pay gold? He ought to know
that he can not, because We never prom.
isod to ray gold. We promised to pay
"coin," and at time when silver and
god were each coin OF equal character
a. legal tender tor all debts.
quently the silver was surrep-
ti'iously thrust out. But, could that
o. II e our promse7 Where then does
the "swindling" come in? The swindl4
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09
The Cincinnati Star

THE DAILY STAR is served by carriers tC
their subscribers in the city OF Cincinnati
and in all important Western cities and
towns, for 10 Cents PER WEEK, payable
to the carrier. Or the paper will be mailed
postage paid, to any part o the country, for
so Cents PER MONTH, Sc 90 PER
ANNUM.
THE STAR is the only STRICTLY INDE-
PENDENT NEWSPAPER published in
Cincinnati 1t is taken and read by people
OF all parties and shades Of opinion, and it
seeks TO present the news OF all kinds fairly
and truthfully. with justice to all and with
especial favor to none.
THE WEEKLY SrAR-Sl 90 PER YEAR,
with two splendid PREMIUMS. % Cents
extra must be sent for mailing expense on
premiums.
ADVERTISING RATES-ln Daily, I2 1.2
Cents per line, OF 81 90 per square OF
eight lines, agate measure. In Weekly, 20
Cents per line.
Address THE STAR.
23O Walnut street, Cincinnati, o.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-09


WHILE Europe is In state of agita-
ton over the Russian-Turkish war, and
all the rest Of the world has been anx-
iously looking out of its topmost tower
OF observation to see what England is
going to do about it, Prince Bismarck,
the Mephistophiles OF religion and the
MacchiaVelli OF politics( TO give him some
OF his accredited characters J, has been
engaged in attempting to secure an in
ternational law on the subject of bills OF
form and Codification of the Laws of Ma
Ions" has SO far interested this Prime
Minister OF the age. that he has asked u
conference Of the different States to Sc
cure uniformity of exchange, or, in
other words, to make those nations hay
ing commercial dealings with others
homogeneous in their transactions. In
the time when great questions are sup
posed to monUp0lize Cabinets,
this man takes an opportunity
to submit to the Congress
CT Nations grave question: ques-
ton that former diplomats had been
willing to leave open-an international
law regulating bills Of exchange-whicn
means, in fact, all commercial rela-
tions between Nations. This virtually
Bupersedes all the works OF Peace
Societies. Grotius aud Puffendorff have
been heretofore the authorities of Ma.
tioHs when any question Of interna-
tiOnal law arose 10 disturb the peace oil
the world. Their dicta were the best
result Of all that WAS known before
tn ir time. Their writings gave to
modern civilization the sustaining
force Of established authority, or rather
the sanction OF a precedent. Out oi
Feudal rights (and wrongs) they elm
mated the right and exposed the wrong.
Tie tendency OF the times 10 to inter
nationaliZe the world--to establish q
common tribunal for the adjustment oil
all public issues and make wars impOs-
bible. Knowing that there is more
power in a Oill OF exchange than in a
bullet, Prince Bismarck proposes the
elevation of bill OF exchange to an
International position. This is a steE
In advance of present peace societies.