davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

Now 70 an observer stat toned at any point Within
tbs, zone to be traverssd by the umbra during
eclipse tho phases OF the will 20
sen themselves in tho following order:-First on
tao when the margin OF the advancing pen un bra
rec ohes the observer; gradual and increasing
cbscuration while he is within the penumbra; to.
It'd observation when the margin OF the uinbra
saches his station, aud this total observation lasts
tile the observer Is envelop by the umbra
gr sduai and decreasing observation while the pcnum
bra, again moving the station final contact
foil vwed Immediately by complete visibility, when
tho reeeding margin OF the penuInbra arrives aud
pass ~ away. To observer outside tho area Of the
umbis. the phases OF the eclipse would enbrao
totaIir, but would bo limited to the CO H..
taots and a gradual increase and deere ase
Of OBJ curaton, marked by the ma mn an
winch ould be attained when the Observers So tion
10 furths at inward from the margin Of the pen ~ mbra
There Is, however, another kind solar eclips which
deserves atsetot because OF Its very bic and
rsss This Is tho anuuar eclipse ied be.
cause whie the contres Of the sun coincads
the iormsi not wholly obscure the iau mr. and an
annuus or ring Of unobstructed sunlight surrounds
tho dark disk OF the whom me ec,,p,e
Is at its height. How 10 thu brought
about /? Simply enough when tho conditions
are investigated. II will be remembe rod that tho
moons direct concal shadow projec Is within the
Of The SUMS direct rays As the latter
converge their point OF union as il Scrs marks tho
apex OF tho cone Of shadow cast oy lhe moon. It is
Gle that unless body which a. observer Ia sta
toned comes within this cone, which ts I,m,,sa
In sze as explained, sucn observer can
not experience to'ai ec ipse OF the sun.
within the como inc moons III Is apparently larger
than that oil the sun, ana cons saoenty totally
and obscuresH. Witnout the co0e only part of tho
moons disc covers that 4 % o sun co nseaueutiv
there is only partial ec pse. But II nm observer 4,
stationed at point on tAe prod OF the axis
the moons cone Of SD Adow h, will be in such posi-.
ton that the moons disk viii appear him smaller
than that OF tho Enn, and therefore, cannot totally
obscure th cdutam.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28
NEW SUNDAY IS 1878. QUADRUPLR SHEET

a faint shadow due TO the penumbra which wouisi
overspread much more OF the earths surface THAI
would be apparently covered by The moon. II III .
observer stood In tho centre OF the sun IS
disk, he would see this faint shadow OF
annuus surrounding the moon equally AT
all points OF her circumference. But II he
moved in any direction from the centre OF the sol
disk ne would perceive increase of the ndir ,ct
shadow Of the moon on the earths surface IN The
same direction. whilo II he stood at point on the
crcumierence OF the sun no would the penu m,ra
only one and the corresponding Of the moons
disk. In no case could he the umbra direct
shadow, because Il is within the rays coming
from every part Of he solar hemisphere, and
quently covered by the disk to erver on
the sun no matter what his position.
TOTAL PARTIAL ANNuLAR ECIIPsKs.
glance at the diagram will show the reaier that
to observer stationed within area Of the umbra
direct shadow Of the tho sun must be totally
eclipsed.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

WIFE AND CHILDREN DESERTED IN YER.
MONT AND AN ORPHAN GtRL MARRIED. By A
MUSICAL FUGITIVE.
hrDDLErowS. n. ", July q, ISIS
w. Frank Turner, aged thirty i've, musician, came
here from Seneca Falls ycar ago and became mem
Der OF the hiddIctown Corsct Band. ne found EN-.
ploymsnt In Fuller Brothcrs' wool hat factory aue
married respectable orphan girl, with property
named Aliee smith. Last December be took au In
terested part in the temperance movement ana Fro,
Christian Church, undcr the Rev @. N. Winchester
and was married by HIM With great osteptation A
lew weeks ago while playing In an open-air concert
no was recognized by tramp, q marble cutter a. 1
man whom he know In marble yard IN Suautun.
W Letters TO Swantou brought replies VIII ich dis.
closed the fact that Turner over three years
ago deserted his wife there with three chm.
drcn, and that he took IRON Swanton three borrowed
musical Instruments worm $3.50 on Thursday tho
owner OF the instruments came TO Mlddietown
ana Identified Turner, VINO surrendered Two In
strumcnts Papers were being prepared for his
arrest Tor biesmy, when Turner escaped last night
IL supposed he has COMO to Canaan, anu that
he was un Engsbman ana dcscrtcf from tho
Brush army. hc ~ i've icct four inches 10 bcirht
aud OF hight complexion. His Vermont vito was Nary
A. knecisnd, OF Waiesville. she Is now living IN
Kansas with four children, ono born shortly after
turner LETT her. Tho Mddletown vito Is In delicate
health
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28
A-Ares Of total eclipse.

The penumbra being OF very much gre fer area
overes vast extent OF territory and ira ees wi, "A
whose limits about parallel with he I,pe n,
totaty. perfect knowledge OF the mo ~ements Of
the moon ana earth enables astronomer TO cacu
with exSraordinary exactness the path Of totaty and
the width Of tins zone OF p Gtiai eel ipse
Hence told, years In Advance
OF tho event, in what rxarts of thu
world an eclipse will be tstai. partial or
invisible. According to such Calculations accurate
Information has already becn published by the
authorities OF the "NauiicAl Almanac Office nj
Washington, respecting tAe coming total eclipse.
The path oftotality 10 rv',n Comm ing
In tho Province OF l.<outsk, Siberia, In latitude 81
deg. IA min north, longitude III dog. 81 min east
from Grecnsvich. Its course will DO at FIRST east.
northeast. but will gradually change 10 east and
after leaving Asia to southeast 1t viii cross
Behring's Straits Ia north latitude 90 deg. 40
1ntn In an eastcsly direction, passing little norta-
east OF stka, access the British possessions toward
the southeast aud enter the United States In long,
tude SO deg. w st from Washington In this untry
It viii sweep over the western end Of Montana Fer
rhory, the National Park, Yellowstone Valley. Wy
oming Territory, Denver, COL and Northern and
Eastern Tsy,s, entering tho Cult OF Mexico between
New Orleazis and Galveston. II viii then pass over
most OF uhe island Of Cuba and southern st. Do
mingn aud leave the earth little southeast OF Tho
latter island. Within this country the breadth
ametc) OF tho moons direct shadow will be about
onc.hundred and sixteen miles"
THE EcIiPsE NEW YORK.
Observers st New York city will witness n partial
eclipse OF the suns southern limb semidIsk Tho
observation will commence at hours 474 minutes
=. NJ, and will end at hours 1913 minutes T. ~ Tho
first contact will take place at a point on the suns
western limb, about duo wost, or 1876 degrees from
the highest point Of the suns circumference, |
api 50 degrees from tho sol,r north pole.
This makes the suns axis assume an
anglo OF So degrees with q vertical line passing |
through his centre. II watch 10 held up under the
sum- and with the dial toward tho observer the por
Of 1rst contact will correspond with that Of hafr
four and The point last contact with nine o'eIsck.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

ana cutting out OF its centre round opening, and
pastins II over piece OF smoked or blue glass, the
point OF nrst and last contact be xcd before the
eye very accurately.
OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS OBSERVING THE ECLIPSE.
The following Official Instructions have been issued
by Admiral Rodgers. OF the Naval Observatory, to
amateur observers. Although they are important
only 10 those stationed within the path of totalIty
they convey many interesting points of Information
to the general reader and arc particularly useful to
tho students who are reading elementary trsatses
solar physics:-
L. At all places the central the eclipse the
lowing phenomena will be during ay II the sky
clear, viz Just as the suns last
glowing points OF light will view upon
the edge OF the black moon and gistenng like rubes
while surrounding the whole will seen a halo whose
mild radiance reminds the beholder of the giories
saints Tho glowing points the promine and
the halo IL the corona both oil which
solar sppend.ges The corona consists OF comparatively
bright inner part lying close to the surrounded by
much sntsr mass OF luminous matter of extent and
generally OF most irregular form drawings OF il
viii DO exceedingly valuable and fortunately
easy avoided.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

He will also perceive that TO any ono standing
outside the umbral and within the penumbra! area
the aust be partially eclipsod These facts
DO dem onstrated by drawing lines from any such
points tang entail to the II will be DO found that
In the Or st such lines continued toward
the sun will only touch fall outside his
crcum isrelce while in tho second OF them
will fall within and tho other without the suns cir
eunnerence, leaving SO much OF his disk exposed to'
the observer lies outside thai angle formed by these
lines II observer stand Oh the exact edge Of tie
penu mbral Indirect shadow area the sun viii not
DO sc.ipssd to HIM, but the circumferences OF the
sun and moon will be In apparent contact. Let
him move little within the shadow, and no WIFI
Observe that tho lunar d. SIX advances on and ot.-
scures the solar disk, and that this obs cnraton in
crcascs rs no moves toward the centre area OF
shadow.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

lines OF bis rays at rikiug such objects The outh
presenting circular surface OF much smaller dismc-
Cor than the suns, casts vast conical shadow into
space; the moon another, but relatively much
smaller Tho planets In turn cast shadows, as do
Iheir satellites, SO that, as above stated every body
exposed to the SUMS rays casts snacow which Is In
the direct line Of Its proloneation. Now, Whenever
any planetary body, such the earth, In moving
along ITS orbit passes into the conical shadow
cast by any other sImar body, such as
tho moon, the former has all or a part of its
exposed TO the cut OF from the suns liz ht
By the interposton OF tho body In whose shadow II
is, and consequently the sun Is eelpscd wholly or
partly to all observers within tho Swallowed area II
10 proper to say wholly or partly, because from all
bodies OF the solar system there two kinds OF
shadow, which are respectively tho umbra or tho
direct shadow OF DARKNESS whose base Is tho
sectional area OF the body casting u and whose
apex will be the point where the lines OF
ligns from the circumference OF the sun
touching the corresponding portions Of the crcum.
ference OF the body. converge beyond In space, and
the penumbrs indirect shadow, which Is truncated
zone whose top corresponds with the base OF
In urnbra. but whose base Is lost In mitabo space
Or rests on the body which nterceps It, as he surface
OF tho earth interceps the penumDra OF the moor.
This sha dow Is caused py the trausversion OF tho
marginal rays Of tho sun to the opposite points the
circurnsf ence Of The body by which tho shadow lines
formed DIVORCE beyond II Instead OF convcrgIg as
in the case Of the Tho diagram shows the re-.
Ist,ons beuween the two shadows and their c uses
VIEW FROM
II sm observer could lie stationed tac sun during
total ECLIPSE no would the moon pass over the
disk Of. the cnrth brishtspot on bright surface
becau We both tho moon aud tho earth would 10 re-
ceiv,n igh, from whore he STOOD stli, u is posi-
bla .h,IIhs moons dnk would appear surrounded BIZ
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28
THE sun SHALL Be DAEKENID'
To-MOrrow's Eclipse of the
Great Luminary.
IN THE LUNAR SHADOW.
Descriptions and Diagrams of an I'M
posing Phenomenon.
TOTAL, AhNULAR AND PARTIAL ECLIPOES.
Elliptical Orbits of the Earth and
Moon and Their Planes.
NINETEEN MILES PER SECOND.
The Path Of Totality from 81
IBERIA to ST. Domingo.
VIEWED IN NEW YORK.
How the Different Solar Phenomena
May Be Observed.
NINETEEN MILES PER SECOND.
The Path Of Totality from ST.
IBERIA to ST. Domingo.
VIEWED IN NEW YORK.
How the Different Solar Phenomena
May Be Observed.
BY PHOTOGRAPHY, TELESCOPE And SMOKED GLASS

and mag bincent spectacls-the eclipse Of the
sun--will be witnessed In the United States to NOR
row. Ovcr The greater part OF the North American
eoptinent tho eclipse will be partial one-that is TO
say, tho whole OF the SUMS disk will be covered
by that of the moon But along comparatively very
belt zone. extending from Eastern Siberia
TO the Carribsan Sea- southeast Of the island Of ST.
Domingo, and having within the United States a
general souheasteriy direction, the eclipse will be
total onethat IT, the whole OF the SUMS disk will DO
obscured Tor several minutes At each point An event
Of much interest TO astronomers fail to
tract attention rom n large number of scientific
men, and, judging from the timely and ample preparA
lions made tor OF observations along the path
Of tc,aty the most important results science may
DO expected from the abors OF the observation par
ties
THE CAUSE OF SOLAR ECLIPSE
As the general reader may not have other the time
Or opportunity for special investigation of tho
causes aud attendant phenomena OF a solar eclipse
IL Is deemed proper prcsen, the HERALD brief
description OF these SO that the popular interest
In the event may be based intelligent apprs-
citation OF all tho facts relating TO 1t. II becomes
all the more necessary to do this in
view OF tho discoveries that probably will
DO made by the observing astronomers
In relation to tho physical constitution OF the sun,
the character OF the corona hundred other i'm
portant subjects which improved instruments " Ill
s6srd an opportunity for investigating such
before presented itself To understand the OF
thsse discoveries and their bearing the knowledge
already attained concerning the sun II is necessary
TO glance over the PRINCIPAL facts which
are now recognized as among tho canons Of
the universally accepted law OF the solar system.
The Immediate cause Of the eclipse Of tbs being
the nssrpostoD Of our Satellite tho noos, between
The Garth ana the SUN 1t s easy TO understand why
tho disk OF the latter should be temporarily obscured
10 ssmal area OF the earth's surface As the sun Is
IAe source Of light 10 system all objects which
~ Shinsx oaSt shadow in direct proongaton OF the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

With this view persons intending to make sketches
should provide themselves with sheet of about
inches wide by II inches long, having 1t b sck disk
Ia inches In diameter 10 represent the moon from the
centre oil which straight lines drawn Mt angles thirty
dslrees the whole being ofthe diagram Let
weight be suspended by string in such aposton that
the observer see hanging the sua and
let the diagram which drawing is to be made be
placed upon stand that the limo marked
ing through the observers eye, the sriug and the
SUMS centre the marked top corresponding TIN,
TOP OF the string Also let lighted lantern be ready
illuminate the the light OF the is Tn
sufficient Finally, three minutes before the be-
ginning OF totay let the observer close his and
cover them with handkerchief. as to make them
sensitive az possible friend must be ready to him
when totality begins and them the hand ker
ehief he must rapidly sketch in the outline OF the
faint outer Of the coE"nA, taking spe-
ciai care to preserve their sorrect proport ions
particular TO place the prominently marked branches
riits In their proper positions In doing this
will be afforded by the lines draw upon the dag
from the centre OF the black dh'k Having
peted the outer portions OF the corona the
outline Of tho bright inner part should be
sketched and in doing this it will probably be best
to view the eclipse through spectacle glass of light
green tint Finally time remains the whole draw
ing should be carefully revsed with tho hid OF
glass possible. The outer Is so faint that differ
emit quite differently IL is for the pur-
glass is nded 1t is not worth while to in
the red The duration OF totaity being
only three minutes In the favorable localities
useless to attempt making than single drawing in
fact such attempt would show that the work had been
hurredly done rs deprive IL OF all " alue.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

Hence no will observe around the dark moon q ring
bright sunlight from the uobscured portion OF tho
soAr disk, and the width OF this ring will Increase
VIA the Observers distance IRON tho apox of the
mo on's cone Of direct shadow The area within
VIII ch snnular eclipse can be observed Is limited
also by this distance. There 10 only ono point
whs re tho sunulus is perfect-that Is to
say Of equal width around the moon. That point is
the have assumed TO be occupi ed by
tho observer the first instance. II the sides OF
theaeons OF direct shadow are prolonged beyos their
Intersection or tho apex OF tho cone anotne or cone
willbc formed whose base will be the circu ar area
wi,nin which an annular eclipse can be observed, and
whose hoisnt will DO equal TO the distance between
apex Of the cone OF direct shadow fmd the surface
of the earth. On the margin OF sb,s base the
aoons dusk will be seep Ia internal pntsct with the
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28
ROBBlNG A SOPRANO.

The residence Of Miss Amanda Carlson, tho sopraoo
Of the swedish Lady Quartet, who lives IN FIRST place
near smith street. Brooklyn. vas burgiarousIy entered
on Friday last during her absence. gold watcn and
locket were stolen from the premises A valuable
wardrobc was packed ready Tor anu lett nv
he thieves who doubtless ed wble At their
work, Inc police are OF The opniop thai tno vurssry
Was committed by pcdler, Tor whom they are
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28
CHARGED WITH BIGAMY.

Nkw YoKk, July ~. 1873.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

description Of tue tmepiecc and statement Of tho
ioe. iens'h and mAsniyns power Of the teis
49,, The time. Indicated BY the watch at the reception of
The time OF each OF the contacts
,sn ''' "''' without the "''e-'0" Of any e0f'ee
An estimate of tho uncertainty to which ,hose times
{, Any remarks which may be thought necessary
Observer Wiz ,.seoS D. % WI ,,r osss,ys b.
=. g"s,ieal.riy requested that the orixns pencil
serystory. enclosed in the above described report
sorhood aas issy hat s.1 rssor%ss 1 ss..
may dner . little such differences
snd they mus. DC allowed to tsaain Il !. never
such thing has been done will insure the rrjecuoa
Of tae 20; Ses >, "a sn., ,.,,
anty IN the best solar and lunar tables that the eclipse
moon hsacw while crossing ossaao ssoas ."se o. aDs
ns n',rs south .es OF the position assigned by
a ,h;, sccasasy the true petition Of the p.in
duration totally at ros,. .,ua.ea yo% one 70 sss
miles within the shadow As the duration Of totsiityi.
ds,er@nsa W observing these contact, manner
already de'enoed excep. tina, tor this purpose know
es,ay aud tho observation. may msao With the NAKED
edge Of the shadow the totally may be 50 b.f that tho
s ~o"a rs o,ns ne s,d ecu,.e. no
necessary to have thrd person 60 M axe ts
follow each other an interval single second
T.. m 10 %."s s.,ss ss.sh Of s
frsm twenty TO forty diame,crs aud some mechanical
Owing 10 TIE fintnes Of the corona II Is doubtful the
camera media can be successfully used the moss
PROMISING plan seems to be ns,cm Of squares ruled
glass, Ia the focus OF the eyepiece % tho teie.
scope and ccuc.pondng system drawn upon tho paper
which the sketch Is - be made IL IN known sptder
lines IN micrOneter sometimes 10 Visible under
The fecvlc illumination OF the to avoid the
possibility OF this happening with ths sauares tb- lines
defining them should rather coaucy cut More than
attempts have been made tesscope after
hs m.nnsf OF esnst" osseurs oy drawing the
mage OF the corona upon piece OF finely ground
glass OF scnitran parent pisccd few incnes be
Gond the whoo beiug arranged that tho could
owing TO the aintnsss ot the image such attempts hay.
io hitherto been very successful bat perhaps they
10 better Tor the plate Of ground glass thin Of
sehtiue or mica were substituted and the drawing
traced upon ~ with needo point The proper moa,
ectton a. "
Minute Examination NJ NE with ~ high ma.
,yns power as the telescope will readily
ne sucturs OF tile corona noting partcuarIy wethsf IL
: NJ uogensous. nuceaed like clust
u " any nucet arc describe their shape color
nd mode OF distribution II hlan
he length, diameter coior aud OF stbut ion.
whether nev are strssht. curved contored. what
rection they lie relatively &c the aud tf curved
peciy how the curvature faces he to vbsevs
he structure varies ~ passing from the the outer
most visible limit o. ths corosA
since the speesroseope furnishes efficient means VI
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-28

study ing the red preminences timef win
undesirable n waste single Of the
OF totally IN smining them.
rafns lhase-Ihe corona forms lumins us background
upon which the moons limb is otimes
beyond tue and little before totalisy
BILE that the complete outline
DIG Look Tor these phenomenA, n
occurrence IL Is difficult to assign
enee OF or brushes OF light
II 10 sad they hays he seen any such
ascertain II they change either ps tgn int nsry;
AMI the terior of the telescope examined TO
make that they d. origins neAe ctious
IRON the lenses
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1878-12-19
General News.


Judge Lowell was nominated Monday for Uni
ted States Circuit Judge, vice Judge Shepley, de-
ceased.
Gen. Sherman fsvors the Burnside Army bill,
although he had no hand in its formation. Those
staff officers who are to be retired, should the bill
pass, are working hard to defeat it.
Friends of the present management Of the In
diaos are confident that Congress will not transfer
The Indian Bureau from the Department of the
Interior TO the War Department.
A policeman who had offered his hand, says the
St. Louis Post, to young woman and been re-
fused, arrested her and took her to the station
house. "Whst is the charge against this woman p
asked the Lieutenant. "Resi,tng officer, sir, 3"
was The reply. She was discharged, and so was
the officer.
TIE action of United States Judge Rives, in
transferring from Virginia State Court the case
| of two negroes charged with murder to the United
States Ceari, is severely commented upon by the
State authorities. Judge Tresdwsy sets forth his
views in an elaborate manner, and charges Judge
Ryes with u.urping a power and jurisdiction that
do Lot lawfully belong to him.
1t was = very honest old DdIch Judge in Scho.
hare county who listened tor several hours to the
| Arguments of counsel and then said "Dis case
has peen ferry ably argued on both sides, and
dare have peen some ferry nice points Of law
brought up. shall dske dree days to consider
these points, but shall eventually decide for de
| blainiitf"
| New uses have been found for the Erie Canal.
1t is to be used not only a route of Transports
lion, but as a shopping street. The furniture
dealers in Utica greatly exercised over float
ing furniture mandatory on the canal which has
been anchored in the canal at that city for the
winter. Ia this operation three canal boats are
employed. One is used as msnufactory, one il
elegantly fitted up a show and sslesroom, and
the third is used for storage of furniture. The
appearance of this Hotilla At Utica, and it's CON
petition with street dealers who pay large rents
have caused quite a CONSERVATION among the lat
ter In other sections enterprising brewers have
fitted up boats and are selling lngar along the
canal. In the winter months these new enter
prises are compelled to tie up in some city, bu
when navigation again opens they are expected
to traverse the canal.