The Waco daily examiner. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 187?-1888, 1878-11-27
al AGO .Esami,ter
Principles Of Pruning.

pruning depends in q great measure
on the equal distribution of sap in al
its branches. To accomplish this the
following means are advised, to be
successfully employed:
j. Prunc the branches OF the most
vigorous parts very short and those
OF the weak parts long. 2. Leave a
large quantity of fruit on the strong
part, and remove the whole or great
part from the feeble. 8. Bend the
strong parts and keep the weak erect
as the more erect the branches are,
the greater will be the flow of sap to
the growing parts (this remedy is es-
pecinllyf applied TO espalier strees).
4. Remove from the vigorous parts
the superfluous shoots as early in the
season as possible, and frpm the fee
BILE parts as late hs possible. 8. Pinch
early the soft extremities of the
shoots on the vigorous parts, and as
late as possible on the feeble parts,
except always any shoots which may
be too vigorous for their position.
6. Lay in the strong shoots on the
trcllis early, and leave the feeble
parts loose'as;loIig as possible in es-
palicr trees. - - ''-'' - =
How TO HALTER-BREAK A CoLT.
When the colt is three weeks old,
or thereabouts, he should be broken
to the halter, and this should be done
properly "a for this, is the first act
which brings his will and strength
in opposition 10 mans, and should
be so done as to convey clearly and
decidedly mans superiority, and his
inability to contend with him. Ear
ly impressions in the case of animals,
rs truly as in the case of children,
are lasting; and here and now, in
this first step in educating the colt,
the impression should be indelibly
stamped upon his mind that man is
his master. And this can and should
be done without violence or cruel
force. ! will explain my method of
treatment, and the reasons therefor.
Inquire, then, what the groom or cd
ucator of the colt proposes to do.
/ This, evidently: lie proposes, in
the first place, to teach the colt to
follow after or BY the side; that is,
keep close to the ono who Is leading
him by the halter. In the second
place, he proposes to show the colt
that he cannot successfully resist
him; that he is not SO strong es u
man. This lesson once taught the
colt, this impression once fairly i'm
bedded in his mind, he will never
after, in all his life, forget it. lie
will live and die with the idea in his
head that man is stronger than he.
And this is most valuable lesson for
q colt TO learn, and to learn early--it
saves much after-labor and many
risks. Well. then, to the method !: /
put a head-halter on, made of soft
material, so that it will not cut into
his tender skin, and SO made that the
lcheek-pieccs will not draw into his
eyes when he pulls back or struggles;
and when this is done-quietly and
gently, with pleasant words and kind
caresses--l step out in front of him,
and planting myself squarely, so that
he shall not with all his efforts move
me from my tracks, pull steadily on
the halter, saying all the time, while
the pressure on him is being incrcas-
ed, Come, sir; comew Sometimes
the colt will come, yielding readily
TO the pressure; in which case pat
him kindly, so as to make him feel
that he has done the right thing; and
then step forward, and repeat the
slight pressure and the kind COM
mand. In many cases have found
this enough; and the colt was "hal-
ter broke" before you knew ii, us
one might say. I' iN''
But more often, as soon rs the lit
lie fellow felt tho pressure of the pull
upon the halter, alarmed, and vexed
too, perhaps, at this (as he regards
it) rude interference with his liberty,
he would "set back" upon the halter,
resisting the pressure with all his
strength. When this is the case,
stand frm--simply hold your own.
Don't twitch him, or "yank" him
about, ordrag him forward violently.
Let him pull. Every moment Is ex-
l,austiig his strength, and increasing
the pain he feels by reason of the
halter bands being drawn into him /;
and, after q few seconds of resis-
lance, discouraged, and unable to
endure the pain his own effort is
causing him, he win give one great
wrench, rear up, and plunge toward
yon. The pressure and the pain are
rrinitted; and standing by your side,
Your arm over his moisfened neck.
and hand kindly patting him, he
learns this sweet lesson--that near
ness TO the one that is leading him
means absence of pain. This once
understood by tho colt, he is thor
oughly halter broke. With this he
las also got another idea-that you
are stronger than he. Had you tied
him TO a post, and let him "pull II
out" as the phrase is, he would have
got no such idea--the post or tree,
not man, would have been his mas
ter. Or, had you waited until he
was year oreven six months old,
he would have been stronger than
YOU; and he would have found II
out too. In his first match against
man, man would have been beaten,
lie, not ebu, would be the master, at
tie halter exercise at least; and,
while he might have Followed You
after time, still you would have
lost the opportunity of impressins
him with his powerlessness when
arrayed against man, whicli a wise
educator viii always seek to give &c
every colt he takes in hand.
How unwise, viewed in this light
is that neglect to break colts to tho
halter, even until they are three OF
four, or even five years Of age
"Children," says thoughtful writer
"are made obedient before they ar,
old enough to talk /" and colts, i
might be added, are made obedien
TO man, If properly educated, Ions