davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-02
Excellent Cotton Fertilizer.

The following formula is said to
make a most excellent fertilizer for
cotton. Using superphosphate as
a base, take one-fifth the weight OF
sulphate of ammonia, o%ne-seventh
the weight of nitrate Of soda. one
twelfth the weight of nitrate Of
potash, and an equal weight OF best
stable manure. Work well togcth-
er and let stand two weeks under
shelter before application. Dose,
800 pounds to the acre. The artl-
Giles are cheap. Ammoniated su-
perphosphate is the fertilizer for
cotton, and this is obtained in this
formula. There is also potash
enough for the requirements OF the
crop.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-02
TO be c~0ntinne.l.
Editor Farmer aud Mechanic:

The writer Of "Sour-wood Cogi-
tations," in the last FARMER AND
MECHANIC ought to be permitted
to rub out and try again" He
evidently knows something about
black gum. and his article will do
very well under that head but
leave out everything about the sour
wood. No two specimens of our
forest growth are more unlike.
The sour wood abounds on our
ridge lands in Western Carolina,
where the soil is thin, and its trunk
rarely attains a diameter Of six
inches. Its wood is brittle, easily
splintered, and valueless. It's long,
white clusters of cup-shaped blooms
hanging from the ends of the ten
der twigs, beautify the forest in
May, and furnish the matter from
which the bee distills the whitest
and most delicate specimens Of
honey.
With me the article awakens de
liz .tful memories of youth, and
"Sourwood Cogitations," which
carry me back to Il little log school
house perched on the crest of Il
ridge, with the farm of my native
home opening out III the valley
through which flow the collected
waters of a dozen little brooks and
ri~vulets, which come with murmur-
ing voices from the "boundless
contiguity' of woodland, on the
border of which our "Chlio"
stood. A half hours close watch
ing the sunshine in the door AS it
steadily approached the "12 o'clock
mark" and as closely observing to
keep Webster's spelling book be-
tween my face and the vigilant
Master, brings the expected an
nouncement from the throne =
''Spelling class stand up" after
which was an hours play time
Twenty Juveniles of both sexes
having devoured the contents Of
their school baskets, pour through
the doorway OF the t~wenty-feet-
square cabin and HE away to the
woods to make sour-wood whistles.
Every youth brought up amongst
the hills of Western Carolina knows
what a sour-wood whistle Is. and
has a store Of pleasant memories
connected with that period Of his
life, when his highest ambition was
to make a sWeet-toned whistle and
present it to the prcttiest girl III
school. To make whistles and
Sunday walking-sticks out Of It's
straight rods, by pealing off the
bark, ~barber-pole fashion, and plac-
ing them in the sun to darken the
exposed wood, is about the only
use to which the sour-wood has
been applied. ]. A. !.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-02

without lnwards, first into starch
and then into gum.
Further, if this gum be digested
with a second portion Of sulph. acid
diluted with Sor 10 times i, WEIGHT
OF water, 1t Will gradually be con-
verted into GRAPE sUGAR. Hence
II appears that wood NAV be chan
geo INTO starch, either BY the IN
aided action Of heat, BY the action
OF sulph. acid, Or by boiling with
caustlc potash; and the starch NAV
be further transformed, first into
gum ami then into grape sugar, BY
the action of sulph. acid.
We may be asked here how is all
this work to take place in the vege-
table kingdom? We answer, that
science has only availed itself of a
few of the implements Of natures
labratory, in order, III a concentra-
ted form, to see what she performs
gradually every day. We al undo
this work, by taking the wood al
ready formed and carrying it back
to the point where it existed in the
form Of sugar.
To he cOnfinue,l.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-02
Experimental.
For the Furmer and Mechanic.
The Origin Of Honey-Dew.

RALEIGH, y. c., April %, rs.
Mr.. EDITOR: You are well aware
that many theories and notions
have appeared in the bee journals
as well as in many secular papers,
regarding the cause and origin of
honey-dew. | have never seen an
article yet, that was not based on
strictly scientific principles, that
did not leave the subject in a thicker
muddle than it was at first taken
up. Just like the old idea Of the
Moons influencing the growth of
vegetation. Now | have concluded,
after two years careful investiga-
ton of the subject, to give all those
who are interested, the result Of
my researches: Take them, then,
and let him refute them who an.
In the first place, then, we find it
necessary to have a starting point.
This we believe to be found IN as
c~ertaining what honey is, whence
its origin and how formed IN ma
ture. That its presence was ever
due to atmospheric influence, d.
rectlv, we have always doubted.
That it was formed in, or of, the
elements of atmospheric air, we
also doubted; for that theory would
resolve it into q gaseous body,
which, we know, IS not wholly the
case. Honey is simply sugar, OF
which there are several varieties
known to chemists, VIZ: the cane,
the grape, sugar of milk and beet,
mamma, &C.; all nearly identical IN
their composition and proportions.
Honey is but one of the forms in
which this sugar exists, and accor-
dinghy as the elements necessary to
form water are present, it exists as
a thick syrup, or graduates as by
drOgen and oxygen escapes. 1t Will
be necessary for me, here, to enter
quite lengthy into details IN order
to clear up the matter, and let the
whole subject, or at least as much
of il as will make the whole matter
plain to your readers, appear, that
they may see how wonderfully ma
ture performs her functions. In
the first place, we must not.c e the
chemical constitution of sugar.
Pure cane sugar, when free from
water, consists of
Carbon......44.92 per cent, or IL atom.
hydrogen. Gil " 10
OXygen..-4S.9I 10
This sugar exists IN the juices of
trees and plants, and it is found i'll
the sugar maple, in the walnut.
ash, oak, pine, and a great many
annual plants too numerous te
mention here. A question arises
here, how does it get there? ano
what purpose does it serve: ano
then will follow the aus of whar
Is known as honey-dew.
If we compare the above mum
bers with the analysis of starch anc
gum, we see that they are almos
identical, so that cane sugar Ii
found to contain oxygen and by
drogen III the proportions to form
water, and may also be represented
by the formula, carbon II atoms
hydrogen 10 atoms, and oxygen Il
atoms. Grape sugar differs, how
ever, III the proportions it possesso:
Of hydrogen and oxygen, being
carbon II, hydrogen Il, oxygen Il
Or carbon 4O.47 per cent.
hyd'gn $50 +"
oxygen 52.94
The oxygen is still s times create
than the hydrogen, and therefor
IN this variety of sugar also thes
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-02
Terrific Storms.

WHEELING, ". VA, April 2t
One Of the most terrific thunder
storms ever known here visited this
city this morning. Considerable
damage was done. In Bellaire. @,
five miles from here, the damage
was very great. III Bellaire Goblet
Works thirty-fiye men were at
work when the squall struck n of
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-02
To Teachers of tho State and
Those Wishing to Become
Teachers.

$50
messed, with great qualification. the
success 81 the Normal School III
auulrattd last July. ia connection
with the University, by authority
OF the General Assembly. They
are encouraged To provide for the
next session a larger number Of
teachers and a more extended range
Of instruction.
Normal teaching Is not only \
science, but an art. The school
viii, therefore, a. heretofore. be
under the charge Of trained exports.
who. FOR wears, have made normal
methods a study. and have had
large practical experience in their
working.
Prof. John j. Ladd. superin-
teudent Of the public schools -
>~taUnton, Va, who presided last
year with great sigor and skin,
Will again superintend the school.
Prof. Laid has recently visited
other normal schools, and has dc
voted much attention to informing
himself In regard to the latest nor
maj improvements.
The scheme Of instruction Will
embrace
/. Regular Instruction for Al.
students, including % daily re-
citations and Lectures on arlthme-
tie, tmcntal and wrlttcnl English
grammar and analysis, orthog1a-
ply, reading, ]phonetics and geog-
ralhy.
q DAILY lectures before she
whole school on school organiza-
ton and discipline, thods Of III
,truction, the legal relation Of
teacher, parent, child, DC.
~ DAILY drill in vocal music.
il. Special instructions for all
yanced students-in the following
branches Chemistry INCLUDING
laboratory practice, )latin : classes
algebra, bookkeeping, penman-
ship and elocution.
III. Practice in tcaching.-Low-
or classes viii BE- formed, to be
! ktli~~8i - A6Ef fi4VI III AIEAtEb SA&~
dents in turn. This teaching viii
be under the supervision OF normal
teachers.
IL. Lectures ~ distinguished
citizens and specialists Of North
Carolina and other States. Thee
lecture. on subjects ~ special IL
tcrest 10 teachers vii be delivered,
from time to time, before tie
school.
Among others, the Rev. D..
Barnes Sears, tire distinguished
agent Of tie Peabody fund, has
promised - gIr1 the school tile
benefit OF MS experience IN the
great calling to winch ms life has
been devoted.
Prof. Kerr. the State Gcologis,.
viii deliver 4 series OF lectures Oil
the Geology Of North Carolina.
instruction viii be given 70 lower
classes on the kindergarten plan,
and lectures on the kindergarten
rho0is. and methods viii h. deliy-
. cred before the whole school.
The Faculty of the University
VIII cooperate cordially ~ coca
sional lecture. and otherwise fur
thering the interests Of the school.
The Faculty 81 the Normal
school has not been completed. II
vii consist Of Al least eight expe-
rieaced teachers, whose names Will
soon bc given to the public.
The schoo, VIII begin ON Tue
DAY. the 18th day Of June neat,
and viii continue Fix weeks. ii
will be held at Chapel Hill. IN the
University Recitation Room. and
Laboratories.
There wl!I he no charge for tur-
ton. Dormltories, IN the Uniyer-
sity building, Viii be free 10 male
students. who, however, must fur.
nish their own bedding.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
j. W. X. Browne,

material Of the State in such a manner
and % such points as they may prefer;
and to publish, in good faith, monthly
statements Of where the money Of the
people was kept. The Republican party
creates new Offices and adds enormous
perquisites to others, and fills them
with favorites whose chief duty
IS to manage its political machinery.
Its administration Of the State govern
ment grows more expensive with each
year of its rule. Legislation has been
directed by Republican lobbyists who in
turn manipulate and control the nomi-
nations of the Republican party, and its
candidates are the creations Of a junta
whose DEGREES are accepted as the ire.
vocable mandates of absolute hereditary
power. We denouuce these methods,
these measures and these men as un.
worthy the support Of an honest and free
people, and we invite all Of every shade
of political opinion to unite with us in
delivering the commonwealth from their
hateful rule.
The report of the committee on plat
form was unanimously adopted and the
convention proceeded to ballot for gov.
srnor. The following names we're placed
in nomination; Andrew e. Dill, Of
Union James H, Hopkins, Of Alleghe.
ny; George A. jerks, of Jefferson; VIM.
M~cCandless, of Philadelphia; Levi
Maish, of York; Robert E Monaghan, Of
Chester, and Victor E. Piolett, of Sus.
q%uehanna.
The first ballot resulted as follows:
Whole number, ESQ; necessary to a
choice, l26-Dill, 90; Hopkins, So; Nc.
Candless, Al; jerks, IA; Piolett, l6;
Maisb, Iii Monaghan, IL. There being
no choice a second ballot was ordered.
There being no choice on the second
ballot, the name of VIM. McCandless
was Withdrawn and a third ballot was
ordered, which resulted as follows: Dill,
1856; Hopkins, SO; jerks, 10; Monaghan,
6; Piolett, s. Dill having received a
majority of all the votes cast, he was dc.
clared nominated.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23

and warned in tins to escape, and II IL
now believed that no lives have been
lost in the city beyond that of an I'M
known msn whose body was found in a
freight car where he bad probably bsen
asleep.
The food involved several other
streams on either side OF the divide, and
the Denver and Rio Grande railroad lost
q bridge near Colorado Springs aud has
been unable to run any train on this end
Of the road today.
Three bridges have been swept away
on the Kansas Pacific railroad. A
freight train on the latter road, contain.
ing eighteen cars, passed through the
bridge across the Kiowa, burying with it
John A. Baker, engineer; Frank Selden
and John Pratt, 6remeu, whose bodies
have not been recovered.
The debris and drift from Cherry
creek lodged against the Colorado Cen.
trail railroad bridge across the Platte aud
forced out a portion of its supports.
This road also sustained considerable
damage on its Cheyenne divisions, but
it is believed that it's trains and those of
the D. and R. G. railroad will move reg.
ulsrly tomorrow afternoon.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
river

CAIRO, May %. Arrived : CITY Of
Helena, St. Louis, SPIN; Capitol Civ
Vicksburg, sam; A. c. Donnallv. Nsv
Orleans, noon Robin, st. Louis. noon
Departed = James Walton, St. Louis
midnight City of Helena, Vicksburg. 4
am Capitol City, St, Louis, IL; A. G.
DOnnally, Cincinnati, noon. Clear and
warm.
CINCINNATI, Msy 2S,-River falling.
Weather cloudy and warm.
PITTsBURG, May 23-The river is five
feet 6 inches and falling, Weather clear
aud pleasant.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
rRIAL OF REv. MR.. VOSBURGH.

The trial of Rev. George 5. Vosburgl
of the Madison Avenue Baptist Church,
Jersey City, for wife-poisoning has been
in progress during the past week aud
naturally excites no little interest, al
though immortality and other vices have
of late become painfully frequent among
the pastors Of churches in this land. A
clergyman, from his position, enjoys pc
culiar privileges and is subject to great
temptations. He is on . sort OF home
footing with the females of a family and
can visit them without f~ormality. de is
liable to be petted and Aattered, particu.
larry if he chances to be young and at
tractiye, while ell the time his profes.
sion does not change his nature. These
very facts make it the duty of a pastor
TO be wstchlul over his acts and to exer.
else such unceasing prudence and self
restraint as are calculated to deprive
SANDER of its venom. Church scandals
mainly relate to alleged licentious
ness and immortality. In this case
a minister is accused Of attempting
to poison his wife, the inference being
that he did no. live happily with Ter and
desired to get rid OF her. 1t is a siugu-
lar story. The sccuser is the brother OF
the wife, and the principal witness for
the prosecution q doctor who for a time
attended her, but whose services were
dispensed with by the husband. The
wife adheres to her husband. denies his
guilt and gives him the benefit of her
countensnee and c~ompanionship at the
trial. The charge is that the defendant
administered antimonial poison to the
lady in all she ate and drank while she
was suffering from . fit Of sickness. The
presence Of the poison was discovered in
food prepared for her by her husbardi
but the theory OF the defense is that it
had been designedly placed there
by other parties. 1t is almost in.
credible that such a crime could
have been conteu plated by the
accused, ard the evidence will
be watched with interest. A strik
ing feature of the case is the warmth
with which the congregation adhere to
their pastor. If his innocence should be
established this confidence will be to
their credit. But in all Of these church
scandals the congregations, in whole or
in part, take up the cudgels SO eagerly,
so Unfortunately and so belligerently
for their alleged backsliding pastor that
there seems to be some danger of a
church congregation becoming a sort Of
cloak for the justification Of PASTORAL
immortality. No man is perfect, and the
pulpit, alas, is too often the refuge Of the
bypocrit.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
COLORADO.
. Violent and Destructive Rain
Storm at the HeadWaters
Of the Arkansas.
Bridges and \ Large Amount Of
other Property Swept Away.

DENVER, Col, May % "a terrific rain
fell upon large areas of Douglas and Ell
Paso counties, this State, yesterday af.
ternoon. 1t is believed to have been the
most violent along a spur Of the Rocky
Mountains which separates the head
waters ofths Arkansas and Platte rivers.
Cherry creek, which empties into the
Platte at Denver, and which is ordinarily
dry, was suddenly deluged at l o'clock
this morning, and in less than an hour
the entire western portion Of the city was
flooded. Seven bridges we're swept away
aud a large amount Of other property
destroyed.
Owing TO the efficiency and industry
OF the fire department the entire popula.
lion Of the district desOlaisd was aroused
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
KNOXVILLE.
Meeting OF the Presbyterian GEN
oral Assembly bOuth.

aAeetihS OF the PreabyteIfan Cen
oFal Assembly south.
KNOXVILLE, May 23.-The Presbyte.
rian general assembly met, appointing
DR.. B. F. Lacy principal delegate to the
next meeting Of the general synod.
The Reformed church made a report
indorsing the colored institute at Tusea.
loosa, Ala, and suggesting measures
for its interest and progress, which were
adopted.
Resolutions we're offered by DR.. Dab.
ney, thanking the Presbyterian general
alliance, which met at E%dinburg, Scot.
land, for their kindness, etc., affirming
that the principles of this assembly re.
main unchanged as to slave.holiing, etc,
and that the unqualified recognition of
commissioned implies such r~econcilia.
ton; and a withdrawal forever of all
charges and aspersious by the different
bodies now in alliance against this as.
Senbly was postponed for further con.
siderstiou.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
NEW YORK.


Oyrus W. Field Resigns tho Diree.
tOrshtp Of the Wabash Railway
COmpaoy-Trial OF Kew. VOsbuPg
for Wife-POisOning.
New York, May % Cyrus W. Field
has resigned the office Of director of the
Wabash Railway Company, and a mem.
Der Of the executive committee gives as
the reason a vote Of the committee and
resident directors deferring the conside-
ration Of a resolution introduced by Mr..
Field TO instruct counsel to begin crimi.
nal prosecutions for a conspiracy to in.
jure the credit Of the company against
the authors of suits recently instituted in
Indiana, Illinois and New York.
The trial of the Rev. Mr.. vosburV, on
the charge Of wife.poisoning, was becom.
ing uninteresting under the testimony of
medical experts, when a new zest was
given it yesterday by the discovery that
Mrs. Vosburg had disappeared. The
strongest impression gained from many
conflicting rumors wasthat she had gone
to the house of a friend to avoid the ne.
cessity of t~estiiying.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23

COLONEL WIN. B. SMITH, an aged and
respected citizen, died at his home near
Lamar, Benton county, last Saturday
Colonel Smith. before the war, took an
active part in politics, and was favorably
known throughout the State Of Missis.
sippi. He was born in Dixon county,
Tennessee, October Both, 1906. and years
ago removed to Lamar, Miss, where his
only brother, DR.. G. W. Smith, now re.
sides. A true type Ct the old.fashioned
Southern gentleman, characterized by a
manly dignity, a modest frankness Of
heart and noblenesS Of soul, bis life was
in unison with the highest excellencies
Of an honorable man. The Holly
Springs South says;
Colonel W. B. Smith, whose death is
announced in another column, was one
of the early settlers Of Marshall county,
and has lived a life of usefulness, hon.
ored and loved by all classes of people.
Uncle Billy" as he was familiarly and
a~dectionately called, was a true and good
man, full Of energy and business capa.
city, forward in all matters Of public
welfare, generous, kindly and genial.
His ready and helpful heart and hand,
and bis pleasant, kindly ways, will be
sorely missed in the county Of which be
was so long and worthy a citizen.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
out Of Tune.

When the tones of a musical instrument be-
come harsh and discerdant, we say II is " out
of tune" Tho same may DO said Of that far
more wonderful and complicated piece Of
mechanism. the human structure, whom it be-
comes disordered. Not only actual disease.
but those far more common causes, Overwork'
mental anxiety, and fast living, nav imnais
It's vlgor and activity. The best remedy for n
partial collapse of the vital onerqies. from
these as from other causes. is Hostetter1s
stomach Bitters, which is at the same time an
best possible inyigorant in ali oases Of dsbiis
lty,. IL Is an Incompatible stomaohic and
anti-bllious medicine, eradicates fever and
ague,, and prevents subsequent attacks. 1t
remedies with certainty and t~horoughness
nervousness, rheumatic troubles, and many
other bodily ailments. 1t also oounteracts
Influences which predispese to disease.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
Vermo, C%onvenuon.

BURLINGTON, VI May 23.-The Re
publican State convention met o.day
with ex Governor Johu Gregory Smith
temporary chairman. After a speech
by the temporary chairman and con.
verting the temporary into a permanent
organization, and the appointment OF
the usual committees, a recess was taken.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23

HILL Tuesday morning. May 2l, 1873. Al
81 o'clock, Of brain disease, ALLEN W. Hill,
AGED 2 onths and 81 days.
Dearest baby, thou hast left us,
Here thy loss we deeply feel,
But It's God that hath bereft us;
He can all our sorrows heal.
Cincinnati papers please cOpy.l
BORNER- On Thursday. May %. 1873
Borner, aged 5 months. Ne
Funeral from the residence, No. Is Causev
street. at 10 o'clock tomorrow (RRIDAYl
morning.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23
CHICAGO.
anhrup!ey.Pcs'h oGa Prominent

BankFuptcy-Doath OfR Prominent
Local Politician.
CHICAGO, May 23.-Philetus W. Gates,
contractor, has filed a petition in bank.
ruptcy. Preferred debts, $500; secured,
$4O4, 900; unsecured, $40, 900; assets,
lands valued at $780, 900 but m~ortgaged
for 1925, 900; also an interest in several
patents OF unknown value.
John 7. Coreorau, a prominent local
Democratic politician, died early this
morning.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1878-05-23


VHE National Democratic Executive
Committee met yesterday at the Airing
ton Hotel. Present: Representatives
Forney, Alabama; B. NJ. Hughes, Colo.
RADIO; Senator Barrum, Connecticut;
George T, Barnes, General William
Cloudy, Illinois; Austin H. Brown, la.
diana; NJ. M. Hames, Iowa; Isaac L
Eaton, Kansas; H.. D. MeHenry, Ken
lucky; B. L. Jones, Louisiana; Edmund
Wilson, Maine; 0uterbridge dorsey,
Maryland; Frederick 0. Prince, Massa.
chusetts; Edward Kantsr, Michigan ;
William Lochrsn, Minnesota; Ethai
Hall Barksdale, Mississippi; John G
Priest, Missouri; G L Miller, Nebraska
Robert P. Heating Nevada; William
Sulloway, New Hampshire; Representa-.
tive Ross, New Jersey; Representative
Hewitt, New York; Senator Ransom,
North Carolina; John G. Thompson,
Ohio; James H. Rion, South Carolina
General William B. Bate, Tennessee; B
B. Smslley, Vermont Robert A. Cog.
hill, Virginia; Alexander Campbell,
West Virginia. Senator Barnum pre-.
sided, and Frederick 0. Prince acted as
secretary. No business was done, and
the committee adjourned until to-day.