davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
from the Wilmington Star
Sheep and Dogs.

The number of sheep decreases
every wear in the United States,
Georgia had 5l2,61S in 1860, 4l9.-
:365 in 1875, and 319,322 IN 1877.
". y. World,
The general average prlce OF
sheep in North Carolina, Is put at
sl.75-lower than any other State
of the Union.-Ibid.
Why does the number OF sheep
decrease at the South? Because
with a faulty that is astonishing,
the Southern people refuse to de-
mand legislation which will pro-
tect sheep husbandry.
Why are the sheep Of Ohio worth
twice as much per head as the scrub
sheep of North Carolina? Because
Ohio protects sheep husbandry by
a stringent dog law. This encour-
ages the farmers to improve the
breed Of their sheep. In North
Carolina most farmers think that
it will not pay to expend consider.
able sums for the improvement OF
the breed Of sheep when they have
no protection by law from dogs,
and are liable in a single day to
lose the results of careful breeding.
A miserable cur dog passing thro'
my pasture last week killed two
lambs. And he might have killed
twenty had not a man been placed
in charge Of the sheep, who con-
stantly watches them, at an ex-
pense to me of monthly wages with
rations.
The State of North Carolina,
rather than lax the miserable dogs
which are prowling through the
country, compels her citizens to
employ men, at a great expense, to
watch their hocks, or else submit
to have them slaughtered by blood
thirsty dogs. 1t costs me nearly
500 per annum tc have those
sheep watched, and there IRE only
a few more than one hundred Of
them. | cannot afford to pay 70
or 50 cents per head to guard my
sheep from dogs, and, that too, IN
an imperfect manner. What then,
will be the result Of the present
policy of allowing dogs to multiply
and Kill sheep without restriction?
The result must be that the num-
Der Of sheep will steadily decrease
until the last one IN the State, and
in the South, shall be extermlna-
ted. Meantime, some Of us have
entered upon sheep husbandry IN
hopes Of a better policy. Shall we
be disappointed and compelled to
withdraw from the rash enterprise:
How long will the public policy OF
North Carolina be controlled by
demagogues who prefer to hatter
the folly of the people rather than
legislate for their truest interests:
Since the above was written, |
have just learned that two more OF
my sheep have been slaughtered by
a strolling cur. SO they go.
March 10th, 1873. b.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
Needs, Gross W.T..

Or, on an average, seven times as
much bulk must be bought, freight
ed, hauled and paid for as can by
any possibility be used.
To a certain extent this is una
voidable; and it only proves that
great care and consideration must
be used, hat money may not be
plowed under never to be heard
from.
We now come to the beginning
Of our subject, the economical man
ufacture and use of manures. To
all who are experienced in manur-
ing, the advice is plain and simple,
convert everything on the farm into
compost; if that does not produce
enough, purchase only such chemi-
cal fertilizers as + guaranteed by
men able to refund if they are not
up to the grade sold. Mix them
in the homemade compost, and
apply to the soil, so much the less
in proportion to the strength Of the
new compound.
There is one well-established fact
which all should know without be-
ing obliged to learn it by long and
costly experience:
light manuring is time and
money lost; a full application is
cheaper, though costing more at
first, because it only ever produces
crops which pay.
Tillage on fields without manur-
ing costs as much as when heavily
MANFRED, and the difference in the
crop, in both quantity and quality,
is the difference between great loss
and great profit.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
A BUNCOMBE MAN FINDS A DI.

A BUNCoMBE MAN FINDS 4 DE-
AMOND.-We learn from the Co
lumbus (Ga.) Enquirer that Prof.
J. E. Bassett, of French Broad,
who is now at Wetumpka, Ala,
has a diamond not only of an enor-
nous size, but remarkable purity.
1t was found by his wife, Mrs. A..
II. Bassett, on the bank of the
Coosa river, just below the falls,
within the corporate limits of We
tumpka. AS soon as the Professor
exhibited the stone he was offered
SO, 600 for it. He had it examin-
ed by W. j. Preston, a matchmaker
and jeweler, who pronounced it IN
trlnsically worth S75, O00.-Ishe-
uille Pioneer.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
Chemical Fertilizer .. 81! per 1T.

The undersigned has on hand d ven
large stock of Sulphate of Ammon-.
Nitrate Soda, Nitrate Potash, SuIpha.s
Potash, Dissolved Bone, Raw Ealr.
Muriate Potash, Sulphate Soda, All
all the chemicals necessary TO prep4s
fertilizers of any formula.
DIR. Leach, of Johnston county, say.
The chemicals purchased from you
and made into a fertilizer proved es4.
to any ever used by me. wilhu-.
reference to price or the quantity usa.
per acre"
Mr.. VIM. Grimes, Of Wake county
says: 1.-The chemicals | purchased #
you last spring were successfully u--
in a homemade fertilizer applied q.
cotton. am well pleased with the r
sult and shall continue TO Use then
Mr.. A. NJ. Neazey, Of GranF...
county, says THE chemicals F-'
chased Of Mr.. VIM. Simpson, apple.
to tobacco and corn for the years .,.'
and 1877, has given entire satIstaet.-
and found more reliable ON the same
land than fertilizers prcviousi!
at five times the cost
SEND for formula and manner oi pre-
pairing. WIN. SIMrs'>-
Druggist and Dealer in Agricultural
Chemicals, Raleigh, y. {.
feb 21-m3
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25

Again, says the Doctor, subsoil-
ing lands is a great preventative to
drought, as 1t forms a receptacle
for moisture too deep down to in
jure the crops, and beyond the d.
rect agents Of evaporation, where
it remains to be drawn up by capil-
larry attraction, as the needs at the
surface demand. In a past season
he instituted a practical test of the
advantages of subsoiling land both
for corn and cotton. For the latter
he planted %one-fourth Of an acre
SUBSIDIZED twelve inches deep. set
his rows four feet apart, and fer
tilted with ammoniated phosphate
at the rate of 800 pounds to the
acre. 1t yielded cotton at the rate
of 1,227 pounds to the acre, while
the same amount of land by lis
side, treated In every way the same.
save that it was plowed but six
inches deep, yielded cotton at the
rate of 1,012 pounds to the acre.
The SUBSIDIZED land paid for the
fertilizer and left him a clear profit
at the rate of $16.3S per acre, while
the other left him "a profit at the
rate of only s7.O3.
A half acre of corn land was sub
solled IN the same way, and planted
along side of a half acre not SUBJ
solled. Though all the other ope-
ratlons were conducted exactly alike
IN both plats, the SUBSIDIZED piece
gave much the largest yield.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
FEARFUL TORNADO II K .NS,

FEARFUL TORNADO IN KANSAS.
A tornado struck Cottonwood
station, on the Atchlson, Topeka
and Santa Fe railroad, about four
o'clock Saturday afternoon, April
10Th. The Cottonwood hotel and
several buildings were blown down.
Mrs. Miller was killed; her hus-
band and four children dangerous
~ wounded. Mrs. Walker and
two children, Fred Smith, his wife
and three children, John Merritt,
Lizzie Merritt, and Mrs. Mathew
were badly hurt at Jacobs creek.
At Phenis creek, Mrs. Boge had
her leg broken, Edward Davis
youngest child was dangerously
wounded, Mrs. Osborn, who lived
on the prairie, had two children
killed, and Mrs. Kate Rose, who
lived on Dry creek, was seriously
and perhaps fatally wounded.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
Pine ashes is entirely worth al

Pine ashes is entirely worth APP
PLYING to land as a fertilizer, tho
most persons do not seem to think
so. 1t is worth more than half as
much as oak ashes. Oak wood
ashes contains ten per cent. of pot
ash-pine a little over five. Oak
ashes contains a little over six per
cent. of soda, while pine contains
over twenty-six per cent. Oak con-
tains a little over seventy-three per
cent. of lime-pine a little over
f~orty-seven. Oak contains a very
little more phosphoric acid than
pine, while pine contains the most
sulphuric acid and chlorine
bile Register.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
Potash ph.A.

And unless the roots can reach and
absorb these amounts, the crop
must fall short. 1t is evident that
no n single combination Will suit
all. To save money on the first
cost, on freight, and on hauling
from depot, we require only what
the crop must have.
Now, if we arrange the above
table to suit the profitable produce
per acre, and the amount Of useless
material always sold with each, is
indicated, it will stand thus:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25

A glance at these tables shows
potash to be the most important
element for a development cf every
part of the plant; an element not
SO extensively used as lime: but one
OF more Importance because of its
greater scarcity. Phosphoric acid
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25

Anew York dispatch of the 10th
ult., cites the case of several girls,
flower makers, being poisoned by
the piclic acid used in coloring
leaves Of artificial flowers.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
The Manure Question.

Having learned what our soil
contains. aud what it IS capable Of,
we must next enquire what each
crop needs, and how much:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25

1t is stated that the amount Of
the Peabody fund, which last year
amounted to 800, 600, will be but
$50, 900 the present year.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
Southern FertiIizinq Co.

i 10 he found in the hands .. our zrn-.
all important points, who viii sup. u :
from factory, IN quantities 10 sQ!t eo.A 81.
plant bed use and Tor the general rro.
This standard article has been Ia >tr-e...
use in North Carolina Tor 30 mAus y#tr. 49,
ii is needless 10 present here al. e,,ara.
notice of IT. a commentator like a..
lowing from Maj. kaglaud. author n,
amouS Essay I" Oa The Cultivation a4a 80
Of ffne ieiIoip Tobacco, + deemed S9ts-
Eleven years experience III tae US. at ~.
Anchor Brand Tobacco Fertilizer ,.
featured by the southern F~ertiifss c.
pany, Richmond. Virginia, has convinced
writer that II il the Planters best Aa IN f.
production OF rsch. SiikQ. bright UrIsnr tt
Lands CAPABLE OF producing yellow ta;ar.
need lust such ntlp a. II furnished H\s.
fertilizer in Fastening the growth su4 fry.r.
size. substance and early maturity Eo n.
plant"
Jan l7-4m. JOHN OFT. Soc,
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
The ash of the seed gives in 100

This is interesting to the cotton
planter, in consequence of showing
that the plant requires a large pro-
portion of both potash and lime.
Ia most localities the land will be
able to supply the lime from its
natural resources, but the locations
are few that will give the required
quantity of potash. OF course the
remedy is plain-we must supply
some fertilizer that is rich in pot
ash, If we 7 to reasonably expect
full development of lint.
The ash of the bolls gives in 100
parts:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
is also important, while magnesla
cuts no insignificant figure. +.
In making an ayesage acre OF
cotton. we require for the lint alone:

In making an aFesdgc acre Vi
cotton, we require for tie lint alone:
pbosnboric acid pr lbs.
Potash .........---.-. ..--.--O-o1
We suppose the general reader
Will understand that the right mana
columns represent the fractions OF
pounds. the pound, for convenience
sake. having been divided into 100
parts. For instance, the p IN the
above represents a little over one
fourth Of a pound while 1t repre-
sents a little owe half a pourd. III
the figures had been % and 30 re-
spectivelv, then the fourth and the
half would have been exact. The
tables next to follow, show only
pounds, being not SO closely calcu-
lated as the foregoing.
To SUM up Mr.. Whites figures
we find that to produce $50 pounds
Of lint cotton to the acre, our crop
Will require:
Phosphoric acid..--~--".".....ls lbs.
Potash
Lime
...... .
Now, where is this to come from:
Even, suppose our lands contain 1t
ready for the crop, it would be very
unreasonable to suppose them capa-
BILE Of long containing it, providing
we work upon the plan Of drawing
upon them constantly and return
ing nothing. But, SAYS one, we
always return the bolls, leaves, stem
and roots. SO we do, all that does
not blow away, (and the quantity
that blows or washes away IS by no
means so small as many might sup
pose.) But, tor arguments sake,
we grant that all this $ returned,
and footing up the figures, we find
them as follows:
Phosphoric acid. ..-.-.......... lbs.
Lime ......-."...... ...".......l
MagneSla
This shows not near all that has
been drawn off by the crop-where
is the balance? We have een
where a small portion of it is-ln
the lint. And we have not yet con-
sidered the seed, which contains:
Phosphoric acid..-....~..........4 lbs.
POtaSn.......-..... ........ ..........o
Lllllo
MaGneSla
That makes it out, and we must
not fail to note the large proper
tons of those elements, phosphoric
acid and potash, that are contained
in the seed. These figures should
influence us as to what disposition
we shall make of the seed. We
should ask ourselves this question::
Can we sell 800 pounds of cotton
seed for money enough to buy, and
land on our plantation, manures
that will undoubtedly give us more
that 4 pounds of phosphoric and 3
pounds of potash? If not, then
the way is plain-it is our duty to
return the seed to our LANDSLIDE
Bile Register.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25

For Tobacco Plant Beds an5
the General Crop.

We beg In 10 cur trssnsxr-
Tobacco Tegion OF North carolina 40,
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25

The deficiencies in the hundred
parts are made up of mineral mat
tiers, and are left in the ash when
the plant is consumed by fire.
The organic matter Of the plant
consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxy-
gen and nitrogen. The different
parts contain to 100, nitrogen as
follows:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-25
9be Farnl.
Chemistry Of the Cotton Plant.

Prof. III. c. White, of the Uni
v~ersity Of Georgia, has gwen 10
the public a carefully prepared
paper setting forth in compact form
the chemistry of the cotton plant
in all its parts, SO far as yet known.
4 large per centum Of the figures
are obtained from thorough tests
made by himself such as are oth-
crwise were taken from what he
considered first class authorities.
According to Prof. White, the
cotton plant standing IN the field,
ripe and ready for picking, may be
divided into six different parts, to
wit: Lint, seed, bolls, leaves, stem
and roots. He supposes that he
has a well proportional plant
weighing, when thoroughly dried,
three and one-half n This
would give 10 us slA Pai1S apo"'
the following weights
of an ounce.
Seed $3.50. .....-...-"..ot
BollS
leayeS.......s. ......--.-oll
Stem oZ. aio oo'
Roots Sd of an
In the production of an average
crop of $50 pounds of lint cotton
to the acre, it would be necessary
to produce on that acre, IN addl-
ton to the lint named, 800 pounds
seed, $50 pounds bolls, $50 pounds
leaves, 600 pounds stems, and 100
pounds of roots.
Exposed to the usual chemical
tests, the cotton plant shows in one
hundred parts organic matter as
follows:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-09-12
Wise Words.

On rereading General Johnston's admira-
bic letter, which we published last week, we
are confirmed in our approval OF it, and are
so Impressed with the value OF one OF his
declarations that we reproduce it for the
special benefit Of those OF our readers who
may be disposed TO let personal consldera-
tions impair their fidelity to our party. TO
all such we commend the following rs the
utterance OF a sage and patriot:
CT hold that far the first Of them [ques-
lions now interesting the public] in impor-
lance is that OF the maintenance or the
Democratic party Of the United States in
its integrity; for we OF the South owe to
that party our release from the condition OF
conquered provinces and the protection OF
the Constitution we now enjoy and If we
maintain it undivided it will probably ac-
quire the control OF both the legislative and
executive branches of the Government, and
introduce honesty, economy, and strict con-
struction of the Constitution into the Gov
eminent. and restore prosperity to the
country"
"If we maintain it undivided" This
is the condition. The twfgs bound into q
fagot will defy all who try to break it; but
divided, their strength is gone. And the
ends in view are OF such paramount impor-
lance that to desert the party now would
be an act OF treason against the cause OF
good government and the interests OF the
people.-NorfotE Landmarks. ri.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-09-12
Ohio and West Virginia Railway.

ollO ttull w C0I v IL S,1i11et 4NehAA "
The Columbus tOhio) State journal an
nounces the sale Of the Columbus and Cali
polls railway to company that proposes to
complete the road to Gallipolis, together
with an e-stension ten miles above that town
to Pomeroy, on the Ohio. -
This railway is considered important, az
opening up to Columbus and to northwest
Ohio the immense salt and iron interests OF
Pomeroy and the Kanawha Valley.
We take it for granted that the improve
ment will be extended across the Ohio to
Point Pleasant, aud up the Kanawha valley
to a point OF connection with the Chesa-
peake and Ohio railroad. Certainly such q
connection would be SO important to the
company that 1t cannot be neglected.
The new company which has become the
purchaser OF the Columbus and Gallipolis
railroad is represented to be wealthy and
enterprising. II it has means it viii as
suredly make such an Improvement as will
pierce the rich valley OF Kanawha. The
name OF the company is .'The Ohio and
West Virginia Railway Company" show
Ing that the Kanawha valley is with them
the objective point.
When this company establishes such a
line OF transportation this city will have
communication with Central and North
western Ohio OF very great value to our
merchants. 1t is, therefore, worthy Of their
attention. and they cannot too soon cultivate
the acquaintance OF the communities having
accommodation and trade through the Ohio
and West Virginia railway.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-09-12

THE GEORGIA INDEPENDESTs.Th The pres
:ence OF the Independent candidate for Con.
,rress In the Seventh district Of Georgia dis
tnrbs the meditat!ons OF the Atlanta Con-
stitution, aud it is calling upon the young
men not to be led astray. This is sample
Of its talk ON this subject:
"The young men OF the Seventh district
should beware how they make new party
alliances. Their position, III they break
loose from the Democratic organization,
NAV become very embarrassing. The young
men are in the. direct line OF political pre-
ferment, and it is to their interest to stand
by the Democracy. The idea that indepen-
deutism can create more than temporary
confusion in Georgia Is preposterouss. a
party that can withstand the shock OF war
and the disaster that accompanies prolonged
and continuous defeat Is not likely to sue
cumb to such an absurd campaign as Or.
FELTON, and Emory Speer are making. Ihe
party will survive long after independents
ism has become a tradition, and it is there
fore the duty OF the yourg men to stand Dy
it to the end. ANY other course ceans
ruin.'
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-09-12
The Malone Party.

L
The Wing is the central organ OF captain
Hinton, and Captain Hinton Is ABOUT tno
only candidate nominated for Congress IN
the State whom the Wing supports. III IL
supports any other he has not been named.
That paper and Captain Hinton belong TO
the same faction of disorganizers when
spIit uD the Conservative party OF virginia
in the last Legislature instead OF readlust'
ING the state debt as they promised to do,
and should have done. They belong to and
are the bead-eentre OF the State faction who
have been working ever since the Leglsia-
ture adjourned to defeat the nomination and
election OF J. Randolph Tucker, John Goode,
General Johnston, General Huntop, Cen
eral Beale, Judge Harris. Colonel Cabell,
and every and any other man who does not
stand upon their. special platform.
The Wing is catering now for an ihdepen-
dent candidate against General Joseph T..
Johnston. II we understand its language
it prefers the Independent candidate.
Critcher, in the First district to General
Beale, the regular nominee; and It was only
yester day that that journal called Justly 1or
an independent candidate against Kan;
Tucker, who was unanimously nominated
and endorsed by every county in bis dis
trict
Nav, more than this. Long before the
campaign commenced at all the IFhig de-
manded that no candidate for Congress
should be supported by the party who was
not "forcible re;idiuster," and its doc
trine now is that none but an 'f irredeem,
able greenbacker" and readiuster should
be supported by the. party! >,
Is this Captain Hinton's platform, OF is it
not I? That is the question among the pco-
pie OF the Fourth district, and there Will be
ssno rest to the wicked" until it is emphatl-
calIy answered by Captain Hinton or his
chaDerOnS, $50 ..4.-
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-09-12
:. ..prnctIealIy.

5 ,,,..,sv esf Carrancy ...practiealIy.
fs;foys Dfspaici. i nm struck With your
remarks iii reply to %. s. R., to- the eneeI
that what our State wants is not 2.
CURRENCY. You cannot make that truth '1l.
TOO familiar. .#s., =.
one Of the special causes OF the present
miserable condition Of our farmers u tne
very credit that they have enjoyed. Lhelr
commission merchants and others nave
made them advances, OF have soia lnen
freely on time. They have bought largely
az ,antifieint puanos; they have cultlvateu
snree areas: they have rnnde great Vens ~
thaca,,se of The credit given them their
ventures have failed, and now they are
ruined. ~. ,,,,r 80
,,,,ansf ~ orr farmers, as it mas been, and Is
now. continually tue ruin OF town people. :,
THE only stable fortunes are those built
nv slow and steady editions. The safest
rnle ia finance Is not to spend money De1ore
you make 1t. . :,
established all about our own State, how &c
YOU think they would work? Maybe anew
snch could be started in our cities but,
confess don't see how they could he gotten
up in country neighborhoods.. But sup.
nose we had one in every village, now
would it work? Do you think u woulc
find plenty OF frst-rate paper to discount
And IL it were enterprisiDg, no" ione
would it be before its capital would Of
wholly absorbed by old chronic borrowers
Have we no commission merchants wht
have been ruined by too free advances
Have there been no banks whose establish
ment in the midst OF a very borrowing com
munity has proved their ruin? Let toe fate
OF these commission merchants and banss
warn both capitalists and people that Danh'
of issue and free loans arc not the cure fol
impoverished communities. :.
Abundant money does not make men IN
dustrious and frugal and enterprislng.
makes them careless, idle, and yenturesome
Nothing is more demoralizing than an ire
deemable currency-prolpises that are neTel
to be met. What we want and crave SOHO
-. " =.