The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-08-01

Asia MINOR without any equivalent gain that any
can see. safs at
rnE TREATY SAN srgyAxo. it
Lord Beoconsdcid's speech occupies i've closely
printed columns Of the Times; but no says nothing
apologies ana polico- disquslions are
OF the weakest possible description lie iced
one nall OF Turkey ia Europe into State called ul.
garfa reaching from the north Of the Balkans 10 tho
Erean Sea and TOO Back Sea. "rhe Congress OF
Berlin" he said, "hsd made great changes IN that
treaty aud had restored 10 the Sultan 30. 0oO
graphical square miles OF territory with sec, 900 of
population, the territory being the richest IN the
Balkans, where most OF the land Ia rich the pop
uiation Icing among the weath!cst, the most IN
renous and the most loyal subjects OF the Sultan
tho frontiers OF his State having been from
the mere cnvirons Of Ssonica and Adrianope to the
lines oil the Balkans and Trajans Pass and tho
prncipality, which was 70 exercise SO complete an
influence and operate SO great revolution the dis
position OF the territory and the policy of that part
al the globe, Is now merely Slate IN tho valley OF
the Danube, and both IN It's extent and population
reduced TO one.thrd OF that which contemplated
by the Treaty OF San Stefano.
THE balkan FRONTIER.
to the allegation OF his critics that In CIV
furnished the Sultan With what IS called an
pie frontier Lord BcaconsfeId emp oyod rhetorical
h ns which, under happier circumstances. would
or desert or mountainous range, IT will be found
tnat In the long run impregnabty OF frontier
DO supplied by tho vital spirit OF man, and by
COURAGE the discipline, tue patriotism aud tho devo
lion OF a population that imprognablc frontiers gan
when / remember what race it was that
created and defended Plevna l must con ess
my confidence that II the cause is a good one they
VIII not easily find that the frontier OF the Balkans
indeiensbe" Thereupon great cheering. He ex-
plained tho giving up o sofia by saypgsthat he had
Ali Pacha had said that noth,nR could be more Gro
neous than the idea That sofia a strong
sessed 1t could immediately pass tho Bolkans
and march on Constantiuopic He said as strategy
position In the district In the Sandjak which, prop
srly defended, might indeed be considered impreg-
nable and that was the Pass Of Ischnia; s'and so
soma was given up to Bulgaria and the pass kept for
the Sultan" He then explained about the giving up
ofVarna. which. no justly said, being north Of the
Balkans, could not be retained Na
Aa THE BcLGARIANs lta
The Congress, he went on to say, then resolved TO
form new province and call it Eastern Roumelia. At
South Bulgaria, but II WAS feared there might
serious COMPILATIONS thererom. There would be two
parties intriguing 10 bring about union between tho
field, tho Congress resolved that the new
melia, and that there should bc established govern
lnent somewhat different from that OF tho neighbor-
Ing province OF Bulgaria. Such 10 Lord Beaconk fields
statesmanship. He goes to the trouble 10 invent a
new name for province and stipulates that the Sui.
tan shall DO allowed 70 ioriify the balkans In order
that, as Il appears, no interchange Thought shall
take place between the people OF the two new
provinces, and that there shall DO large strong
Bulgaria, as was intended by tho Treaty OF San Ste
fano Surely more shortsightsd and unstatesman-
like piece oil workmanship in tho formation OF new
States has been lett until present
time. JAN Flhas1 I
A REPLY FROM EARL GRANVILLE iN sd
Earl Granyliie: criticisms on this part Of the speech
value which the noble Earl opposite pitts upon IL in
tho fact that the Turkish troops to be allowed
TO garrison the Balkans Their defence does de.
pend merely on their position, but the men
VINO can be supplied 10 guard them md 1t
bankrupt Turkey TO be permitted 10 keep up garri-
son which must take a large iorco, where she will DO
ono Which, Win
themselves The noble Earl however, appears to Inn
agins that this hostility will BIO swept away by tho
simple expedient Of. calling one province Eastern
Roumea instead of'Southern Bulgaria.; but 1 own
have not the same confidence as the noble Earl
seems 10 have IN the efficacy of the remedy" He
then SPOKE OF tho utter inefcacy Of such plans 70
stop the growth OF union. pointing tho example Of
a9msS n ana wa,acnia which had been originally
which by the forco Of national devsIopmsn had
subsequently became unitcd.
HE MISTAKEN
Docs the noble Lord imagine for q moment That by
wand be can change the natural bent and destiny OF
bound together ~ the tics or language race and re-
gionf He must surely think there is much u name.
rugged Balkans then no might take that passage
OF MS IN the early part OF his speech whore he
speaks Of The vital spirit, patriotism. devotion.
dcia BARRIERS show the faiiacy, and even folly.
OF all his precautions Can the Turks guarding the
passes Of the Balkans the courage the patriot
Ism, the devotion OF the Bulgarian people, assisted
they will DO by Russian innuonc o-intrgues as they
are generally caed--from ultimately com mining to
carry out tho grander scheme originally proposed for
tnem: ana the contamination OF what Is thor prob
able dssrinys
THE NEW TURKEY
In regard to the internal government OF Roumelia,
which is 10 DO under tho ruiership OF governor with
the assistance OF national represe tatives, Lord
Bcaoonshed said very little, except that tho power
the sultan was to be real and substantial authority
which he thinks will DO essential and necessary for
the good OF the so called Roumelians. 1t Is difficult
when he says there is no language which ade
quasely describe the condition OF that largo por-
ton OF the Balkan peninsula which was occu
piod by Roumania, Servia, Bosnia, Herzegovina
ana other provinces. There political int rieues
constant rivalry and total absence OF all public
spirit The hatreds OF race the enmities OF rival
lgions, the absence, above ALL of any superior con.
trolling power OF acknowledged supremacy which
could keep tnis large portion of the globe IN any
no one who had investigated the subject could resist
from acknowledging Turkey said my Lord
Beaconshcd. "was not In a state to accept the re-
sponsi0le rule over those provinces, consequently
Austria had been asked kindly to take charge
oil these two provinces and bring them into
otate OF cv,lization Here again Lord In
guilty OF using the weakest arguments Rounania
tionaI development There was no necessity in their
case Tor Austria occupying them and br ngng them
into state OF tranquility and good government
Thcy were able 70 do this for themselves and there
no reason why Bosnia ana Herzegovina should not
have been united, perhaps under some strong ruler
and made into principally, with every prospect oil
n good future.
THE AUSTRIAN OCCUPATION.
But u Is easy TO invent excuses for allowing Austria
TO occupy territories and TO tho means OF round
ing OF her southern boundaries into n more compact
shapo What valid excuse s there In the argum mt
that for the last three years Austria has 10 sup
port l30, 900 refugees from Bosnian No one but
statesman of his cunning could 6nd reason therein
All the trouble and expense that Austria has been at
could have been paid Tor In coin had she desired but
che wanted portion. of tho spoiIs All
this was done with the highest moral consid.
GRAFTON, and there was no attempt says Lord
Beaconsasld lin spite OF the occupation and annexa-
ton Of Cyprusl 10 accom- psh the partition OF Tur-
key. fns professors OF partition" says Lord Bca.
consneld (quite sincerely have doubtl. shave
taken Her Majesty's government up to a mou nta,n
and shown them the Kingdoms OF the earth and have
said 'A this shall De yours II you will worship
partition Aud Lord Beaconsncld answers
But we have declined TO DO 90, aud II
Ia remarkable that after great war, and
diplomatic communications on the subiect
the whole Of the Powers Of Europe Russia as strictly
and completely tho others, come TO the unan-
imous conclusion that tue beat chance Tor the
GUILTY. and order Of the world TO retain tho Sultan
US part Of the acknowledged political system of Ru-
rope.