The New York herald., 1878-07-10

and he probably regular ofnosr Of police
envelope bearing this inscription
10 his MAJESTY. THE EMPEROR.
FROM THE THIRD SECTION.
This address assured tie senders that the envelope
would be opened by the imperial fingers only. have
secured copies OF all the numbers Of this ciaudestnc
sheet, and gwen translation Of the principal features
and most interesting extracts. But before giving
these. and n order that reader may the read
lily appreciate rheln IL is necessary that he shall
derstand the present condition OF affairs here
point at wh'ch the ''conspirators' started, whose
ranks have been gradually augmented until they have
reached the position where we them to-day. In
word II rs necessary to givo brie historical resume
OF the eraons OF the ialist operations
Notwithstanding the extrcme vigilance OF tho Third
section.
HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIALISM.
The drst germ-a very small germ it was-of the
movement dates from she year 1850 Then It did not
amount to much Il was, said persons 10 authority,
simply tho msve OF few discontented meu. ''who
demanded more privileges than their fellow citi-
zeus enjoyed" and they hardly noticed II. How
ever 10 1862 the numbers OF thc propaganda had
increased SO much that tho Third section deemed
II advisable TO scze some OF them and send them out
OF Russla--tbat is TO say, to scatter them
without any other form than marching them
the Siberian frontier II tben that The celebrated
rchernechewski arrested. This persecution pro-
duced just tho opposite effect Of that Desired and
hoped by the government Persecution, which has
always been the best aid movements OF this Kind,
caused the seeds OF discomfort TO scatter to all the
principal centres OF population Branches or lodges
came suddenly into existence. Everywhere bodies OF
men asked 70 share in the movement and sympathize
with the aspirations Of tho LEADERS, The Third section
redoubled s eEergy arresting right and left, and
this time causing quito panic among The new re-
cruIts
REIGx
Then commenced an era Of terror The govern
ment brought play all their art,lco for obtaining
Information. Favors and money were the pri ncipal
agents employed. Two men might be talking
together ana shaking eaeh other BY the hand over
night The next morning one OF these had been ap
pointed to a lucrative position, whiIe the other
put en- rouse for Siberia THIS state of things
tinucd until 1865 During 1859 ana 1870 the number
arrests and orders of exile decreased. But that
expurgation simply took odt the men who were work.
Ing to secure entrance ot the solid mon who
in the association to-day.
FiRsr ORGANIZATION THE NEW PARTY.
The time had come when the ideas adopted should
be deGned Co. tho color OF their fag and the princi-
ples which md hitherto been all aspiration and
thusasm, without any programme At first Il was
called yrism then radicalism, or as they would call
Il in France .apportsm - but In 1868 the principles
defined, and socialism, as IL is now, was iuaugu-
rated But At this ume-tne time when Nitchaicw
came upon the scone-it art tor the
sake OF art and conspiracy Cor the pleasure
OF conspiracy. They wished to do something,
without knowing exactly what. For example, the at
tempt TO take the life OF the Gear at karakosow in
1866 was the end OF phase OF tho movement, aud
NitchsIcw The commencement Of another-of that
which now exists But Nitchaiew went undcr through
q personal night. He slow q man and fed to Swizer
land. The government OF Switzerland arrested him
and handed MIN to Russia. He was tried and
condemned. but he suddenly disappeared without any
one knowing what became Of him.
THE TURNING PoIxT-KSowLEDGE NOT BLOOD
Nnchafcw's crime will show tha, tho socialists fol-
lowed wrong path II o negative result, but
useful result in this sense, that Il taught the socialists
they could do nothing whom they had only at
their head From direction Of affairs was
iutrusted whichwcrc charged to maintain
unity everywhere These congresses at useful
periods, and they are not always composed OF the
same individuals. The members know, when they
separate. tho approximate time ior tho
next meeting, and they only 60 who
dcsire No one is chosen In preference
to his fsowx None elected However,. when n
meeting organized, spontaneous though It may be,
the procedure Is based upon the labors Of tho pre-
vious meeting. 1t congress which deo,ded to do
away with such useless crimes 40 that Of NitchaIsw
and the attempted assassination AT knrskosow, an6
dop,ed the princple-ths slow but sure meihod-of
propagating their ideas through The medium OF the
printing press. 1t was because was super.
Huous and remained sterile In 1S6S tho time or
not having come, tnat oven more developed de-
termined organization than the congress was doomed
necessary.
GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION MAKING SOCIALISTS.
They chung TO the press. Then number Of suits
were entered against tho propagandists with view
OF scattering them IN all the villages. Tho adopts
or Initiated members presented themselves every
WHERE however, In the guise OF workmen-espeoiaIIy
In the factories Now they extend even to the Cau-
casus For long time the government vniuIy sought
20 discover the capitalization ot ,ne propaganda They
failed TO discover IT, because existed as IL was
formerly understood. And this time again perse-
culion, instead oil overcoming, fortified strength
eued the socialist enterprise. some became IN.
uatcd In order to trick the authoritss 9TH ers In
order 10 become enrolled Ia the nobc army
OF martyrs OF the future But the strength OF tho
cialis,ic ranks continued to augment The meetings
Of the congress meanwhile brought contact cor.
tain corcgi gionis,s, and the unity Of those CON-
prise the only organization existing ut present This
orgA Ization arose spontaneously IL exists, but is
ns,thor codaed nor regulated by special rules Is
composed OF men who seek TO preserve the spirit OF
indepen ndencc, having really determined nothing but
their opjcc winch Is exclusively socalisic and In no
way Co,nmunis,ic--"All for the people aud by tho
people"
WHOLESALE ARRESTS AND BASIsnMESrs.
But to continue concerning the socialists OF the In
tsroatonal. In 1873 a sudden move made On the
part OF the aat thorities one named GIkarew, VINO
ProcureurGcnerala ut Zaratow, offered his services
to the government to do what the third section bad
bccn unable TO accomplishment, to put en-
tirely to the secret movement The government gave
HIM iuli powers. He arrested thousands OF udivid-
uas ana ended by dccirng that Russia being de-
vourcd by the propasandists aud that they had
members in the governments OF provinces ss
early 1887 This statement was clelrly the
resnIi nf NIL q karex,s ennrIs One rad and