The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-02-17

came subsequently intimate friends pursued me day
and night
Seven or eight years later he was not only n
Carbonaro himself. but one of the most active
recruiting agents of tho society Arrested by
the police of Piedmont. he was locked up in the
fort Of Savonnu. and it was in this little rocky
stronghold projecting far into the sen. that he
completed his plans for italian unifcation and
the means TO attain II.
Mnzzini never laid much stress OH the clumsy
machinery OF the Carbonari The atmosphere
OF its subtle and despotic discipline was too
suffocatng for him. But he appreciated the
value of tho organization as national chain
and while still very young man and con-
tributor to the Indicator oC Genoo. caused n
very poor novel OF Charles Dider. entitled
Rome Souterraine." to be translated into
Italian. because 1t contained description Of
various secret societies Of Italy. and thus popu-
larzed thcr object and organization. That
novel ia supposed to have made more Carbonari
than all the efforts Of the most skilul leaders Of
tho society.
The revolution Of 1880 in France gave new
hopes to the Carbonari lan9ulshing In exile
since their defeat Of 1921. Men like Guizot and
Lafayette gave them serious cncouragement.
They promised that the French Government
would remain absolutely neutral. Subs"rip-
tions for the Italian cause were publicly opened
ut Marsclllcs. and Mazlini. after escaping from
his Imprisonment. took w his residence in that
city and started his famous " Young Italy,
The progress of the idea of Italian unity be-
tween $50 and SIS WAS amazing Hopes and
thoughts which but n few years before no man
could have expressed without the risk Of being
sent 10 the scaifoli or dungeon. were now openly
discussed in every newspaper and IN every mar
ket place. The then newly elected Pope bril-
IA II. IL
the most sincere unionists. Mazzni and his
Young Italy" were stretching their hands to
him. and the outside world expected soon to
see Plus TX. march. with the cross in one hand
and the sword in the other. to the conquest Of
that same unity for which the nation had sacri-
fced her blood, her money. her best hearts. and
her best brains.
Catching the spirit Of the people, Charles
Albert resolved TO get ahead OF the Pope. Ne
published his Constitution OF lsi1. called Par
Lament together. established Responsible
ministry. and fairly started Piedmont on the
path OF constitutional monarchy. 1t was an i'm
mense step. All that wns liberal and intellect
ual in Europe heartily applaudcd the dawn Of
progress in the little kingdom. la few
months an insurrecton broke out in Lom-
hardy; the valiant population of Milan drove
Rndezky and His Austrian regiments from the
Guy venice pTp'idlllcu uStll " nfpubitV. anu
everybody shouted to the victorious insurgents
Of the Lombardo-Vcnctian Kingdom: Thorcis
a chance for you. Make union with Pied.
mont. Put Yourself under the rule Of the lib
eral and constitutional representative Of ;hs
House of Savoy. lie will take the command of
the combined armies. and clear Italian soil Tor
ever from the hated Austrians."
Ii was done The armies % Lombnrdy and
Piedmont werc put under the orders of
Charles Albert but instead Of making n Dean
sweep OF the Austrians he himself was routed
by Radezky at NOvaro. and forced TO surrende
his crown and fly from tho country.
The subsequent events OF Italian history
from tho accession OF Victor Emanuel to the
throne of his father in March. 1919 10 tho pres
ent day are fresh In everybody mcmoryA The
questions OF the moment are. How solid il this
work Of uniiication. and is Humber f;ely to
preserve intact the inheritance 81 his father
One remark: Now. that Plus TX. is d I'D. aud
that his numerous biographcrs have rendered
full justice to the sanctty and high inlellcc, Of
the deceased Pontifr it il only fair to SAG that at
the outsst of his reign he showed "a Wa mt of tact
and statesmanship which has greatly affected
the whole future of Italy. No Pope has ever had
the tiara put ON his head amid circumstances
more favorable to himself and mors. encour-
aging to the country. He made his pontifical
debut not only AS u liberal but as "A radical
reformer. and had he perseverd in his
original intentions. Italy would probably
have long since become fedcratiSc republic.
with the Pope as it, spiritual head.
But he allowed himself t. Toe intiml-
dated by the ultra-clrrcal eS.mcnt sur
rounding him. He made the fatal mis,ak.
of all po,ic rulers. who think ma, they know
the exact dose OF liberty that their subjects
want. He did everything In n. half-and- half
way. He would not consent tisit the civil ad-
minlstration should he COMFY oscl cNclu- ivcly
otlaymcn. though he allowed o lay element 10 be
introduced. He would not de fare war on Aus
tris; but he -oemniy gave fis blessing to the
army which started against Austria under Gen
Duranio, Heloyed the ioyousticmons tra,iuns of
excited masses wherever he appeared: hut he
objected II their getting un meetings for the
purpos" ~ expressing their views and wishc,..
and he issued. in July. 1917 his celebrated ,nofo
proDrio manifesto. absolutely prohibiting all
demonstrations. and main A lining that whatever
was To he granted t. the pc s,lc should be granted
| onlyhy his own free VIII This was n deadly
blow In oil the hopes pAced in him. little
later on. he was willing t. concede every,hing
asked. hut the voice Of the people echoed all
over the country; "TroICo ,ario. Snn,o Padre
Had Plus IL. not nApie this objectionable
mistake, the House % SAVOY would never have
been established at thb puirinal; hut would.
probably. have had TO retire into private life
like the rpvereigns OF Parma Modcna, or Of the
Two Settles
The unity Of Italy, TINS conceived and pre-
parei by the whole milton. was accomplished
by five men: Maz1ni. Ca,our. GArbnldi. Victor
Emanuel. and Plus ~. The work of Mayzini
MIS- national cons .iraiory. and philosophical.
1t WAS unuues,iorsu,ly the most difficult and
risky part oi the Job, and the world is yet far
| from rendering full justice 10 the consum-
mate skin with waich tins task was performed.
! Cavours work WAS entirely Diplomatic hnl
/ administrative. ThM he was a statesman 81
/ genius cannot ~ doubted. INT hls character
! will los" .omc of lis u,,re when the srrrci mo
molrs If the mNnrntous epoch begin 10 hr put
| lishrd. II will then h"''onr clear TINT much oi
what he i crctiiirh with WAS done 10y May.ini
/ hy Garlballi hy escaped political convris. 81
! 10y the nati,A al large. His grent secret was
/ never 70 aplItar surprised al anything and To-
accept even the most unexpected event as some.
/ thing he iSlG always anticipated What Il
great man, He iorrsaw ii nll and never said n
word WIS ths public verdict.
And 80 he WAS "A great man. only there was