The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-03-28
SCIENTIFIC.

| AONhSONI SOAAPoSSN ReeA "a oSSOA 'SA~N-
partly of iron-the novelty of the combina-
ton consisting in the introduction of a thin
sheet of iron between surfaces to be
welded. A cast iron mould is divided into
two compartments by means of transverse
plate, or of a tube placed in the interior, and
the two metals are poured into the re-
spective compartments Before fusion,
both metals are submitted to complete re-
fning, which removes all matters that hind
er welding; they are then turned into the
mould the sheet iron partition in which
serves to prevent their mingling and
to facilitate welding by being itself
brought into state of fusion. The
success of the operation depends con-
siderably on the preparation of the metals,
on their readiness to weld, and on the
thickness of the partition. The last is
determined experimentally, and the dimen-
sions differ according to those of the ingots
to be produced The metal thus prepared
is said to be adapted for the fabrication of
rails, anchors, &C., where the harnessof the
metal diminishes the wear and increases
the resistance of the masses. In the con-
struction of safes, plates of this combina-
tion are stated to be proof against attempts
to break or drill through them.
WROUGHT iron cross ties, senli-elliptieal
in shape, and resting simply on the ballast,
are now being used on some of the French
railways. The rail is fastened to the cross
tie by contlivance known as the Claw
bone chair" This is formed of two por.
tions which hook into one another, and
the shape of which is such that they hold
the fail as if in vice; half of this chair is
firmly fastened to the cross tie by means of
bolt on the outside of the track; the
other half hooks into the first, beneath the
cross tie, and is movable. An ordinary
eye-headed bolt, entering through the hole
of the tie, and adapts itself to the end of
this movable arm, and by its successive
Tightening compensates for any downward
wear of the rail. An ingenious continuance
in connection with this system, and which
does away with all necessity for differential
punching of the cross ties-or even if de-
sired, of such in longitudinal sleepers--has
likewise been devised. This consists in the
adaptation of a washer, of hexagonal shape,
placed below the bolt head, but which, in-
stead of being pierced by central orifce,
has the bolt placed eccentrically; with this
arrangement, that is, by rotating the plate
after Ioosening the bolt, any one of the
sides of the hexagon can be brought to bear
on the sides of the jaw.
NJ GRAMME has made known some new
facts relative to the weight of galvanic de-
posts which may be obtained per unit of
mechanical work, by using the magnetic
electric machines of which he is the inven-
tor. Several series of experiments are
summorized by him In one of these, the
baths, in variable number, were coupled
as for quantity, and the results showed that
the deposit per foot-pound of energy ex-
pended does not vary with the augmenta-
tion of the surfaces of the anodes. In an
other series, the baths were connected as
for tension, their number varying from
one to forty-eight but all had electrodes of
like extent; the results obtained prove that
the deposit of copper per foot-pound aug
ments with the number of baths. In
third series, the intensity of the cement
was maintained constant, while the sur
face of the anodes and, at the same time,
the number of the baths were augmented.
From all this, it appears that the expendi-
ture of work in electrolysis may be con-
sidered as null when soluble anodes are
employed
An improved method Of disinfection-
based on the continuous and economical
production of ozone by means of manga
nese dioxide-has been proposed by M.
Boschau. Ordinary light brown wrapping
paper is thihly covered with size, and on
the latter the pulverized dioxide is sifted,
SO that it forms an adherent layer-it be-
ing merely necessary, therefore, to hang
the sheets thus prepared in the apartment
to be disinfected or aerated. NJ. Boschau
states that he lined trunk with paper
thus prepared, and placed therein some old
cheese and strong radishes, which he left
in the receptacle for fortnight. At the
end of this period, the materials were re-
moved and the lid of the trunk quickly
shut; fifteen minutes afterward, on open
ing the trunk, not the slightest odor was
perceptible, the ozone given off by the
dioxide having completely disinfected the
carbonate and butyric acids produced. 1t
is proposed to manufacture wall paper,
prepared in an analogous manner, for use
in schools, hospitals, &c.
-@A
PARROT's FREENDsMaP.
Birds and animals often form friend
ships for ether animals not of their own
| family. and show deep and sincere at.