The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1878-02-27
FARM AND HOME.

reins-the mouth of the horse is far more
sensitive than the human lips: never use the
lash-the horse is so timid that the slightest
correction overpowers its reasoning faculties
Speak to the creature, reassure the paipitat-
ing frame; seek to restore those perceptions
which will form the best guard against a
re petition of the faulty action.
GREEN PEAs.-It Is strange that people
deprive themselves of these, the most de-
licious truck that grows Most people will
make enc or two paintings in the spring,
early, have a few dishes In midsummer and
no more. Now, why not have them for two
or three nsonths as well as week or two?
Two things are necessary to have good,
tender peas and plenty of them-rich soil
and deep sowing; and too, soil to be kept
well worked or well mulched. We want
our readers to try ourplan. Spade, or pillow
ground Deep sow deep, and Just as peas are
breaking soil. scratch surface over with
fine tooth rake, and then cover the surface
right over the peas with manure and straw,
and instead Of you getting two or three
pickings, you will get half dozen.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A CAR LoAD.-In gen.
eral, 1000 pounds is a car load; it is also 20
barrels of salt, 20 of lime, 80 of -four, 60 of
whisky, 200 sacks of -four, cords of hard
wood, of soft, IS to 20 head of cattle, so to
60 head of hogs. 80 to 100 head of sheep, G. 900
feet of. solid boards, 1900 feet of siding,
81, 900 feet of flooring, 40, 600 shingles, one
half less of hard lumber, one quarter less of
green lumber, onetenth less of joists, scant-
ling and all other large lumber $40 bushels
of wheat, AGO of corn. $50 of oats, 400 of bar
ley, $50 of fiaxseed, $50 of apples, 4SO of Irish
potatoes, $50 of sweet potatoes and 1000
bushels of bran. The foregoing table may
not be exactly correct, for the reason that
railroads do not agree in their rules and esti
mates. but 1t approximates so closely to t re
average that shippers will find it a great
convenience as matter of reference.
PLOwING IN MASURE.-Forro root crops there
is no other way to be successful than to pillow
in the manure deep, as all emmonias evap.
crate Notwithstanding there Is great loss of
salt, lime, potash, ETC., by teaching. But for
small grains grass and clover, experience
has taught the most successful farmers in
this vicinity that coarse manure applied as a
top dressing is preferred to be spread % Just
before heavy rain in the spring. By OBJ
serving how luxuriantly grass always grows
around the edges of boards, old logs, stones
etc, therefore we learn the fact that any
soil is continually improving as long as it Is
covered. There Is no doubt that coarse
manure spread on the surface of grass or
grains does more good on the principle OF
mulching than is lost by evaporation. Grass
should be cut early, and by ell means leave
the after growth to rot and mulch the
ground.
CHARCOAL AND LIME FOR FowLs.-Perrnit
US again to urge all breeders of poultry who
wish healthy fowls to be liberal in supplying
their fowls with charcoal. 1t Is one of the
best preyentives of disease among fowls that
can be named. Even if the fowls are not
confined but especially so II they are, char
coal pounded into bits or pieces about the
size of grain of corn, or little finer, should
be put around in small piles where the fowls
can have easy access to 1t, and they will soon
make use of il. The cost of charcoal is but
4 tritie, and where the distancefrom town or
city is so great as to prevent it from being
readily obtained therefrOm, the ashes of
wood stove may be sieved out and the small
bits of charred wood or charcoal used in the
place of that made in the regular way.
Especially during the spring and summer
months is il advisable to use charcoal freely.
Lime, too, is valuable in many ways. In the
form of whitewash it begets cleanliness,
freedom from disease, and laying hens should
have lime where they can make use of IL in
assisting in the production of eggs.-The
Poultry World.
ROUP AND CANKER-These diseases are
much uore difficult to cure than the scurvy
leg. If fowls are kept in clean, roomy
houses, without exposure to currents of air
they are rarely troubled with roup although
some breeds are more liable TO become
"roupy' than others. Fowls that are taken
to exhibitions are more liable to be troubled
with roup, since they are exposed to sudden
changes of temperature, and do not always
have the best of care. II fowls begin 10
sneeZe and rattle in the throat, and an un-
pleasant smell is noticed on entering the
house, roup may be looked for. At night
take an old fire shovel and heat it red hot,
holding it under the roost, and scatter sui
pher on it. letting the fumes fill the house.
The fowls will sneeze, and throw the yellow
ish matter out of their nOstrils. Fowls
should be kept in warm. airy quarters,
given warm dough, with little cayenne
soda, diluted with water, in equal parts;
swab the throat and nostrils with 1t.
Continue the fumigation with sui
phur every day. If the disease still
continues obstinate, use the Ratchet.
Canker is much more difficult to manage
than roup Few breeders will own that
they have any knowledge of it. 1t is some
thing like diphtheria. and is highly conta-
gious 1t is usually introduced by buying
fowls that have the canker, and every fowl
running in the same house will be likely TO
be affected by il. Unless the fowls are val
liable use the Ratchet at once. The disease
takes several forms and sometimes the mouth
and throat are filed with a cheesy looking
substance; the stencil is horrible; often the
NOAiAb oAAN N0ttiOo dlC OO1 NtCN NAb-i oOACo civ
scales; again the eyes are filed with this dis
gushing matter. The treatment is difficult
| have used nearly everything, and have
cured some cases, yet the greater part OF
them have died. | have used solutions of
Borax and alum, burned alum, diluted car
bolic acid, nitrate of silver, which | think
would check the canker. Those that have
recovered have not since been in healthy
condition, and in one or two instances the
canker has made its appearance after several
months in the same fowls. l never had any
trouble in curing Toup, but canker do not
feel certain OF curing. Fortunately, farmers
know but little of this disease, and If they
use care need not know anything about it
Keep the houses clean and the fowls from
cold currents of air, give proper food and
disease Will be almost unknown.
The Housekeeper.
To PREVENT PIE CRUST FROM SOAKING
Glaze under the crust with beaten egg.
.rN - l..