The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1878-07-17

I finger, only. | have secured copies of all
the numbers of this clandestine Sheet and
given translation of the principal features
and most interesting extracts But before
giving these, and In order that the reader
may the more readily appreciate them, it is
necessary that he shall understand the pres
ent condition of affairs here from the point
at which the 'conspirators'' started whose
ranks have been gradually augmented until
they have reached the position where we see
them to-day. In a word, 10 is necessary to
give brief historical resume of the opera
tons OF the socialists, operations carried on
notwithstanding the extreme vigilance of
the Third section.
HISTORY or RUSSIAN SOCIALISM
The first germ-a very small germ il was
of the movement dates from the year 1850.
Then 1T did not amount to much. Itw
said persons in authority, simply the move
of a few disconnected men who demanded
more privileges than their fellow citizens
enjoyed, aud they hardly noticed il. How
ever, in 1862 the numbers of the new propa-
ganda had increased so much that the Third
section deemed it advisable to seize some of
them and send them out of Russia-tbat Is
toe say, to scatter them without any o'her
4 form than marching 10 the Siberian from
/ tier. 1t was then that the celebrated Tcher-
nechewski wa arrested. This persecution pro-
! duced just the opposite eff, CT of that dc sired
and hoped by the government. Persecution,
which has always been the best aid to move
ments of this kind, caused the seeds of dis
! content to scatter TO all the principal cenfers
of population. Branches or lodges came
suddenly into existence. Everywhere bodies
OF men asked to share in the movement and
sympathize with the aspirations of the lead
ers. The third section redoubled its energy,
arresting men right and left and this time
causing quite panic among the new re-
cruits.
REIGN OF TERROR BEGUN
Then commenced an era of terror. The
government brought into play all their arti-
flee for obtaining information. Favors and
money were the principal agents employed.
Two men might be seen talking together and
shaking each other by the hand over night
The next morning one of these had been ap-
pointed 10 q lucrative position, while the
other was put en- route for Siberia This
state OF things continued until 1868. During
1869 and 1870 the number of arrests and or,
ders of exile decreased But that expurga-
ton simply took out the men who were
working to secure the entrance of the solid
men who are in the association to-day.
FIRST ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW PARTY.
The time bad come when the ideas adopted
should be defned-i. e., the color of their
flag and their principles, which bad hitherto
been all aspiration and enthusiasm, without
any programme. first it was called lyrism,
then radicalism, or, as they would call il in
France "apportism;" but in 1868 the princi-
pies were defined, and socialism. as it is now,
was inaugurated. But at this time-the
time when Nitchaew came upon the scene
it was art for the sake of art and conspir-
acy for the pleasure of conspiracy. They
wished to do something. without knowing
exactly what. For example, the attempt to
take the life of the car at Karakosow in 1866
was the end of one phase of the movement,
and Nitchaiew the commencement of an
oil Of hat n,N
Nitchaiew went under through personal
fight. He slew man and fed to Swi'Zer-
land The government of Switzerland ar
rested him and handed him over to Russia.
He was tried and condemned, but he sud-
denly disappeared without any one knowing
what became of'him.
THE TURNING PoINT-KNowLEDGE NOT BLOOD.
Nitchaiew's crime will show that the
socialists followed wrong path. 1t was
negative result, but useful result in this
sense, that 1T taught the socialists they could
do nothing when they had only one man at
their head. From that time the direction of
affairs was interested to congresses which
were charged TO maintain uniiyeverywhere.
These congresses meet at useful periods. and
they are not always composed of the same
individuals. The members know when
they separate the approximate time for the
next meeting. and they only go who desire.
No one Is chosen in preference TO bis fel-
lows None are elected However. when q
meeting is organized, spontaneous though it
may be, the procedure is based upon the
labors of the previous meeting. 1t was
congress which decided to do away with
ouch useless crimes rs that of Nitchaiew and
the Attempted assassinations at Karakosow,
and adopted the princip'e-the slow but
sure meihot-of propegating their ideas
through the medium of the printing press
1t was because such action was superauous
:
arms hot having come that even a more
dsv. lops d and determined organization than
the cCngress was deemed necessary.
GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION MAKING socIIIsTs.
They clUi 20 the press. Then a number
of suits were entered against the propagau-
dists with view OF scattering them in all
the villages. The adopts or initiated mem
bers presented themselves everywhere how
ever in the guise of workmen-especially in
the factories Now they extend even TO the
Caucasus. For long time the government
vainIy sought TO discover the organization of
the propaganda. They failed to discover il,
because none existed as ii was formerly I'M
derstood. And this time again persecution.
instead of overcoming fortified and
strengthened the socialist enterprise.
Some became initiated in order
10 trick the authorities; others. in
order to become enrolled in the noble army
of martyrs of the future But the strength
/ Oh Tue SOCldllSb TALKS continued 10 augment.
The meetings of the congress meanwhile
brought into contact certain coreligionists,
and the unity of these men comprise the
Only organization existing at present This
organization arose spontaneously. 1t exists
but it is neither codifed nor regulated by
special rules, and is composed of men who
seek to preserve the spirit of independence,
having really determined no hing but their
object, which IS exclusively sncialistic and
in no way communistic-"Al forahe peonle
and by the people"
WHOLESALE ARRESTS AND BANIsHMENTs
But to continue concerning the socialists
of the international. In 1873 sudden move
was made on the part OF the authorities
One named Gikarew. who was procureur
general at Z.ratow, offered his services To the
government to do what the Third section had
been unable TO accomplish, viz, to put an
end entirely to the secret movement. The
government gave him full powers He ar
rested thousands of individuals, and ended
by declaring that Russia was being devoured