, 1878-05-22

every DTlnVu Vi HlllllHTy NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
Soldiers buy their time from their officer
and go home to labor at their own pur-
suits, leaving their seals to represent
them on the pay and muster rolls. They
ieed themselves and are such rapaciOus
foragers that the inhabitanta of towns
menaced with visit from the Shah, ac-
companied, of course by his escort, pay
literally tor the privilege Of remaining
unhonorcd by their rulers presence.
The recruitment of all the great armies
of Europe is conducted on the same sys-
TEN; all men who are physically quail
fed are held to owe the State military
Service between certain ages, and must
perform the service unless for special
reasons they are exempted by law. Upon
the Italian Army General Upton express
es no formal opinion, though he repre-
scnts that great efforts are made to fur
nsh it with well instructed leaders and
non commissioned officers, and mentions
two qualifications" OF ignorant and in
efficient officers that have taken place in
the consolidation and organization of the
present army. We are discharged from
any necessity of noticing his remarks IN
detail ON the Russian army, as since he
inspected its system it has been prac-
ticaly tested in the sight of all men.
He specially instances with commen-
dation the care of the Government to
educate its officers and to form a trust
worthy body of non-commissoned
officers, which, in connection with the
long term of service and the stolid
Temperament of the men, has enabled the
army, despite the introduction OF breech-
leaders, to preserve the steadiness for
which it was so famous in the days Of
Napoleon. In the Austrian army General
upton praises the effect of the staff
arrangement and promotion by selection,
which enables intelligent and efficient
efficient to obtain, while young, the
highest grades in the army. A similar
remark is made in the section dealing
with the general staff. of the German
Army, where the staff system, il it does
not necessarily exclude taveritisn,
reduces any of ITS evils that may exist to
a minimum, by requiring OF the officers
SO advanced thorough professional
training. While the selection of gener-
ais is not limited to the staff, one of the
best tests Of the system of German
military education is found in the fact
that at the outbreak of the war of 1879 1
every general in the Prussian Army was
graduate Of the War Academy. In the
French Army General Upton notices the
influence of that war in producing mod
ifications in organization, especially in
the infantry. The staff, having re-
mained sIosed corps, has, he thinks,
fallen bching that of other armies but
with the exception of conservatism in
this respect the army, as rcorganized in
1875, has made immense strides in
organization, instruction and discipline,
and already gives evidence that in a
future struggle it may regain its former
prestige" England's system has a
salient defect in the nonexpanslve organ
ization of the regular army, defect
which, in view of European complication
becomes the more apparent when 1t is
considered that nearly one-half of the
army is employed In India and the col
onies. Any war in which England may
engage with a formidable neighbor will,
General Upton thinks, be followed
either by the speedy REORGANIZATION OF
her army or by 'the total abandonment
OF the policy of armed Intervention in
foreign affairs,," whatever that may
precisely mean.
An interesting chapter of some forty
PAGES is devoted to infantry tactics,
where the adoption Of breeeh.loaders has
/ demonstrated the impossiblity Of attack.
ing positions in battalion columns, and
necessitatcd the adoption Of the skirmish
order In Europe the success Of the