The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-01-30

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ways heycldom II ever enjoyed H. The lecturer said
and unlawful, TO show the methods adopted by tho
| government In manufacturing the grcenback
SMILES or altering the orieina. notes Counterfeit
| ers were rogues who perverted their talents nnd
they might make themselves lawfully rich ana help
botn ART and commerce. Thcir ill-gotten gains were
lost nnety-nne times out OF hundred and their no
was ono OF continual apprehension. Their nights
were spent IN the labor OF debasing metal clipping or
sweating the coinage or engraving plates under MI
croscopic gasght behind bolts aud bars, with conic-
crates ON The look out for the police When their work
was done they must negotiate with those who uttered
the false tokens and allow the latter heavy percent
age. One who could counterfeit successfully could
command honest wages in any branch OF engraving
which would mako him Independent Of iabor III Ten
years. A rough estimate OF tho capital employed BY
counterieters and the amounts they realize showed
that these false money makers do not gain as much
as twenty per cent their invested capital PROBES
sloual engravers often retired TO rural homes Out
ierred them sing Sing other country resi-
dence (Laushter)
Alter giving brici history Of money and tokens OF
value, the lecturer drew orcble picture contrasting
the present day. when counteries detected
and followed up, and tho national bank notes circu
late freely throughout the country, to tho oden times
that would be received at the suffolk Bank
oil Boston, aud therc was discount on current
sometimes received and paid OUT counterlets on their
own bills before The fraud was discovered A. present
there were such combinations OF color, design aud
engraving AS TO deiy Initiation. The national arecn
back was Almost complete proof against rosucs.
and they seldom attempt TO counterfeit them.
Specie not useful AS The greenback tor currency,
because IL was subject TO wear and tear ana was too
easily altered Give sufficient quantity OF bank bills
for the whole country and silver equal to all he do
mands Of local trade and money would flow who're 1t
was wanted as surely as water sought lis natural
channel. Every citizen WIS a shareholder OF tho
government and. therefore, h0nored It's obligations.
The nation, con tended the LECTURER was able 10 pay ITS
national debt twice over pay every greenDack ut
It's face value in gold There public land enough
to do TINS with at tho minimum price OF 81 20 per
acre ~ one Quarter OF INC pubic CONAN o , were sol
natural increase in value II would be worth $40 all
acre and from It's sale all the liabilities OF the govern
mcnt couid be mot. Then TO the year 1900 enough
public land could DO sold every year to pay The inter-
on the debt
Professor McCandcss suddenly closed this limo OF
argument by saying that he had not come TO lecture
upon political ECONOMY but on tho systematic provis
ION OF currency Tho government makes ior tho vans
Oi trade.
BILLS IiLusrsArED. :,
There were then thrown on the screen iac-smilcS OF
genuine and counterfeit bills. magnhed until they
about thirty feet in length and tho lecturer pro-
cecded TO point out the differences between them.
The hpe lines IN the engraving on the genuine bank
were done by the diametrical lathe, machine
which no couutereiter would have the opportunity to
self he had the means TO construct II. Even had he
access 10 the lathe that the government used IL would
be Of no practical laus 70 HIM. from the fact !nat
designs which could never again be reproduced W
The operator. Again, the shading of the letters on
good bills was executed by tho parallel ruling ma
chine, who countorie,ters had to ech the lines Nv
hand Tho Is that the latter bulls be
OF engraving the designs are rst made on tat plate
steel and subjected 10 tho rccarbon zation process
They enclosed BOX red hot and suddenly
cooled by immersion IN cold water. Then there is
roller VI soft steel placed upon the plate and II sub
mitlea 10 the transfer process, sustaining pres
sure OF several ions until IL takes AN I'M
preston from the plate. The roller is then
hardened in its turn, and from IL infinite number of
transfers can be made. From thrty-hve thousand 10
iorty thousand Impressions can be taken paper from
the transfers. Alter The notes are printed the plates
destroyed the rollers returned the Treas
Ii
minute the shading lines on The engraved dcslgns
they are always perfectly parallel BY this means,
with the aid OF powerful masniiyiug glass,
terleit may be at once distinguished from genuine
The next point OF difference which the lecturer in
dicatei was the color OF the INK used to print the
numbers The figures IN the right hand upper corner
were the serial numbers Of The government; those IN
the lower let corner the serial numbers OF the bank,
nd the large numbers on the face OF the bill The
charter number, showing the time when tho roller for
the bank note transfers sent from the bank
company 10 the Bureau of Engraving and Printing
the treasury Department a. washnaston. Ihs
OF bright indelible carminc, color
which oreers have never been successful IN procuring
initiating Tho color they Is darker red wood
color, which can readily be distinguished by prac
tcal eye.
The lecturer concluded by giving illustrations of
quantity OF skui iorgeries and pointing out their
oeects. The audience was large, ana deeply inter-
ested.
MR.. Z. II. ANDREWS ON THE PRESERVATION
A meeting of the American Society OF Civil Enqi-
was held last evening in their rooms, No. l04
East Twentieth street. Tor the purpose Of hearing read
paper by Mr.. Edward r. Andrews, OF Boston, the
of wood against decay and the attacks OF
marine worms
Mr. Hasweii took the chair and introduced Mr. An.
drews who gave an elaborate sketch OF some OF the
different systens used Europe Tor preserving wood.
He next c3led attention 10 tho iacts that notwth.
in 4
try 1t rapidly becoming exhausted and its preser-
walton long engage the attention OF practical
men. According 10 u recent publication the United
States producing 10 600 900 feet Of timber
annually, enough TO load 90 900 vessels or 1900 900
railroad cars. AS tho home consumption and
export are equal 10 tho product Will
DO seen that our apparently inexhaustible
supply canuot stand such a drain indefinitely.
los Will last in England twenty years. and
IL the same results follow here the saving would
amount TO three per cent per annum the average
cost-S30, 200 per mile OF the Railroads.&c. handsome
dividend. The annual consumption Tor telegraph
poles AZ 500 900 eei nearly equal to tue enrc prod
uct OF Maine Cseosoted poics III England show no
signs of decay amer standing twenty-five years while
cur poles generally decay ia about ten years.
Alter speaking OF ana explaining the two kinds oil
decay In wood, the wet rot and the dry rot, the
speaker referred to the preserving processes ana
stated the injection OF tho pores OF tho wood With
creosote oil, besides securing the computation oi tue
albumep, renders The wood both ART ght and water
proof aud gives therefore to Inc wood uch longer
lie than rs attained by the use OF mineral salts or any
Nher process. Drypess alter impregpaonis attained
by the use OF crcosoie IN The 'bethei" SYSTEM The
only ono IN use England anu the same now
as when hrst used In 1887 Dryness before
impreg nation by tho use OF steam is secured by tho
s.Hayiord" system. rho Hayiord process wants
green aud dried or cured timber, ana that, AS
rui the only timber sent TO be preserved IN this
country. Mr ANDREWS then gave description oil TOO
process, somc extracts from the reports oil
superntcndonls of European railroads indorsing the
use oil creosotcd wood, anu the meeting adjourned.
PROFESSOR BRACKET ON CENTRAL COLORADO.
Tho quarterly meeting OF the Princeton ASSOCIATION,
presided over by Parke Goodwin, was held at Deimon
co.'s evening, aud made peculiarly Interesting
by the delivery OF an address by Professor Bracket
ON the results of the three months expedition through
Central Colorado. This oxpsdton, composed OF
| eighteen students and professors, had brought
| homo 500 different specimens OF plants, and had
made a complete collection OF the various minera
4 o,ce In Tic chad iandsD O. WYOMING they hat