davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

-GRANGEvlLLE Dec. I'd 1878.

-GRANGEVlLLE Dec. I'd 1878.
ED TELLER Your correspondent
must plead guilty Of neglect in not
writing up such items OF interest as
may occur on the Prairie. We still
live. The village has been greatly inn
proved during the year Give us peace
and annexation and we shall be happy.
Dur hall has been improved BY the adj
hition Of tasty set Of chandeliers cost
ing about S75. A number Of changes
have occurred during the year. WIN.
jC. Pearson sold out his hotel to Hiram
Titnan, who is now running it under
the eoeuomen ",Eersy House" The G.
G. L. Manufacturing Co. has leased
the mill to j. NJ, Crooks for five years,
and he is pushing business in this di-
rection with his usual ability, and en-
ergy. A rumor obtained large circula.
ton that our newly elected Auditor and
Recorder, McWilliauls has taken to
himself wife. TIE accused pleads
not guilty, bnt coming events cast
their shadows before"
The ladies' and friends of the NJ. +.
church of this place held social at the
residence Of j. II, Robinson last Sat
urday evening. BY all who attended
it was pronounced a pleasant affair.
Miss Gu sic Reinhardt pres ded at tire
organ with her usual grace, while
Misses Adde Pearson, Francis and
Caddie Benedict and Allie Crooks "a
yored the guests with musio. vocal and
Instrumental. Miss FraDt Graham re
cited ''Garitons New Chareh Organ"
with great spirit. Mrs. W. G. Pearson
read poem entitled Mature" G. p.
Ginger read comic piece. Our Wis
itor and What TIC Came For in q
manner that brought down the house.
Mrs. Il. II. Willows rendering OF
"Over the Hills to the Poor House
was loudly applauded. \. G. Adkin-
son recita3 THE Story of Horatius"
with fine effect. After The feast Of rea,
son and the flow OF soul came lunch.
Then charaics, music, conversation aud
rseial intercourse for IN hour. Then
adjournment. The COMPANY were loud
ID their praises Of our host, j. Ii. Rob.
ipson, and bis cstimable daughter, Mag.
gle. for their unsparng exertions TO
render the guests happy, in which they
go admirably succeeded. The occasion
will not soon BE- forgotten.
OBSERVER.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

The OregoRian, in an article of the
9th Nov, begins to admit that the
settlers have some cause for putting
themselves in state of defense against
hostile Indians, by reason Of the treach.
cry Of the latter, as has been fully
shown 10 late Developments regarding
the conduct Of the Umatillas last sum.
mor, and while il copnsals great mod
Grafton, yet it intimates that there may
be a necessity Of war of extormina,
ton of the Indians inauzurated By the
settlers in order to restore and preserve
quiet upon our frontier settlements
Amid the confusion Of things between
the lnterior'and War Departments Of
the Government, the settler has but
little safety in relying upon the regular
army for protection. The late recon-
mendation Of the Interior Department
for the transfer Of the Umatillas to the
Yakima reserve shows that the Interior
Department do not comprehend the
situation, Or, if they do, they do not
care for the risks which the settlers will
incur by the attempt to make his
transfer, which viii only serve to form
a more Formidable eomb;nltion of hos.
tiles in the vicinity Of Moses, and
where numerous other hostiles will be
sure to rally 50 soon as the first ee-
mont Of disaifacton shows itself. II
the homestead plan Of color;zing on the
reservations all Indiana who arc dis,
posed to take M land in severity. after
it has been fully explained to them be
adopted, then there may be some safety
in removing the residue to some remote
reservation, and placing them under
strong and well directed military sur
veillanco But to make this attempt
without FIRST doing this will give us a
serious Indian war the ensuing season
Of Spring and Summer. We hope tho
Ofeg0aiaa will keep its eyes open on
this question, now they are open.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

California, are to be re>cstablished.
Their diseontinuanee was caused BY the
failure Of Congress to make appropria-
tions.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 27.--The score
tary of the interior in his annual report
refers 10 his recommendation of last
year in regard to che Indians. and says
the consideration of number of agen-
cies has seeu undertaken with view
to better the location Of Indians which
will at the same time render more eff.
cient supervision possible and reduce
expenses OF government and lessen the
opportunities for fraud and peculation.
As far as the appropriations made by
Congress would permit, agricultural
implements ard domestic cattle have
been furnished to the Indian tribes to
set Indians to work for their own sup.
port, and to encourage industrious
habits. An Indian police has been or.
ganized at twenty-five agencies, and
from all OF them favorable reports as to
the working OF the new system have
been received. Instructions have been
given to discriminate 10 the distribution
OF supplies and annuities which are not
actual accessories against individual
Indians who show no disposition to
work, thus discouraging idleness.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
They That go are Happy.
Published bY reauest.l

tPaohshed by request.)
There's something in the parting hour
VIII still the warmest heart
Yet kindred, comrades, lovers, friends,
Arc iated all to part.
But this I've seen--and many panr
Has passed it on my mind,
The one who goes is happier
Than those who stay behind.
No matter shat the journey be-
Adventurous, dangerous. far,
10 the wild deep, or bleak frontier,
To solitude or war,
Still something cheers the heart that dares
In all Of human kind
And they that go are happier
Than those they leave behind.
The bride goes to the bridegroom's home
With doubling aim with fears;
But does not hope her rainbow spread
Across her cloudy tears /?
Alas The mother who remains,
What comfort can she find
But this--thc gone is happier
Than the one she leaves behind?
Have you a trusty comrade dear
An old and valued friend?
De sure your term Of sweet concourse
Al length viii have an end.
And whenyou part-as part you will
o take il not Nnkind.
Ii he who goes is happier
Than the one he leaves behind,
God Wills it, and so il is!
The pilgrims on the way,
Though weak and worn, moro cheerful nrc
Than all the rest who stay;
And when mt last, poor man subdued,
Lies down to death resigned,
May he not still be happier far
Than those he leaves behind?
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

NJ. P. BULL, Esq, died at ST. Vincen,'s
hospital on the 26th inst. Mr.. Bull once
published the Commercial at Portland, af-
forwards be assisted in the editorial de-
partment OF the daily Herala He then
went to Lagrande and published the
NoHhtain Sentinel thence went to Pendle-
apn and started the East Oregonian. A
fhile ago he disposed of that paper and
feft the business. he was an cnterprising
journalist and well respected by all who
Knew him.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
An army Man Speaks Plainly.

CHICAGO, Nov. 26.-The Tribune Is WASH
ington special says that Gen. r.. b Marcy
inspector general Of tie United States arm Y
has prepared u paper charging the Indian
bureau with being thorc ughly impregnated
with corruption, and that any change
would be advantageous. He denies that
the ln9iaa bureau tends TO civilze, edu-
cate and Christianze the Indians. There
is no progress towards self support,
Meanwhile agents nave amassed fortunes
ont Of 81, 500 salaries. On the contrary,
when the Indians were under the control
of the war department, from 1893 to 1919
there was no corruption. Annuities were
publicly aud honestly distributed The
army does not desire the change, but II
would be an economical measure and stop
immense corruption and estravagauce.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
The H. =. r.. Il.
OBSERVER.

New YORK, Nov. 2T.-Charlcs Il.
Wright, president of the Northero Pa
cliie Railroad Company, disclaims in a
morn'ng paper the intention of the
company ever TO ask Congress for a
subsidy, loan or any form. Of assistance.
The company considers itself able to
build the road with its own resources
and the land grant. It seeks only a
limited guarantee against conliseation.
The above intimates that the COM
spany will not ask for legislation in their
behalf the coming session, but only ask
that they be let alone by legislation
against them. They will claim the
land grant under the former legislation
and proceed to build the road. This
is a new and unexpected plan in the
affairs Of that compay. The legal status
OF their relation to the government re
spccting this grant may elicit much dis
cussion and settle many now disputed
questions.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
kiamaths and Bannocks 10 be Put on
the YaEIma Reservation

WAsHTNGToT, Nov. 27.-The CON-
missioner Of Indian affairs report urges
the consolidation Of tribes as recon ,
monded By bis predecessor, reducing
the reservations to nine in number. and
restoring to tire public domain 1912.
455 acres Of land. lie thinks the
most Of the Indians in Colorado. New
Mexico aud Arizona may be removed
to the Indian territory; the Klamath
Indians to the Yakima reservation in
Washington territory, whittier the Ban
noeks and Malheurs will be immediately
sent. The commissioner of revenue
appeals for permanent title to Indian
lands, and recommends the organiza
ton Of 5000 Indian cavalry, under
army officers, for service near reserva>
tons. He publishes correspondence
between the agent of the Bannocks and
Che military, to show that the latter
we're we'll informed Of the actual state
ct affairs in time to be prepared for
hostilities, ard also that the Indians
received all the subsistence the funds
appropriated By congress enabled the
Indian Office to purchase. He shows
that the agent Of the Cheyennes was
required by law of Congress to WITH
hold supplies from Indians who would
not work, which led to the outbreak of
the Cheyennes. He recommends that
the Umatlllas in Oregon be removed to
the Yakima reservation, aud that the
lands be sold for their beGeft. The
Mission aud Hoops valley agencies,
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

, TAMsASY Hollow. rode out TO Tam
mony this week aud were both surprised
and pleased to see the Improvement being
made there on ranches. Messrs Bittner,
Wishgaa Il Brother, Wells and Martin, all
have constructed comfortable houses and
out buildings upon their places and several
of then, have done much blowing and seed
ing. Mr., Bittner has 1870 acres in wheat
and many fruit trees planted. They all
have good wells of water.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
Death OF e. A. Sears.

by stage from Mt. IDAHO, Tuesday
we learn that DR.. G. A. Sears, of that
place died on Sunday last and was bur
led on Monday. we are informed that
for several weeks he had been cons
planning of i'll health but no one seemed
to think his case was alarming. The
DR.. had wholly obstained fron the use
of Intoxicating liquors for some time
past and some say that this total absti.
nance so unaccostomed in him, hasteued
his demise. The DR.. was au old timer
in the country.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

MR. PUTNAM who, with bis family came
from the east last Spring, has erected a
road and moved his family into it aud saws
he likes his situation much Messre SEQ
field and Hunt have also constructed new
and commodious dwellings and are occupy
ing them with their families, in that yicin-
ity Other houses arc erected and being
put Into condition for either families.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

WASHINGTON TRRRlToRY We have re-
ceived copy of Choir'S History and Bust.
ness Directory of Washington Territory
for 1878. 1t is book of 1875 pages, ard
contains with the advertisements many
the territory, especially that portion about
Seattle and bordering on the sound.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

PICTURES. Mr.. Fisk, the gentleman who
enlarges pictures, was in town this week
and leaves for Mt. Idaho Tomorrow, where
he will be for several days. Now is the
time to have your pictures enlarged.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

Weather has been very warm this week
for the season. Flowing and seeding are
going on on the different ranches in this
vicinity. The rains have given the grass
a good start and stock are doing we'll.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

WIRE FENcE.-The success which has
crowned the wire fence of DR.. Kelly in
turning stock during The past season, has
induced several Others to adopt that kind
OF fence, and the galvanized barbed wire
| is in demand
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

uoLLTDED, WITH GREAT Loss OF LIFE
Inc steamship Pomerania, which left New
fork November ID for Hamburg, on the
z4th collided with the Welsh bark Noel
Gillian off Folkeston, ia fog, and foun-
dered in about 20 minutes. Fifty-two per-
sons went down with the sinking vessel
The remaining liz were rescued.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

j. NJ. BAKER, ESQ, Il reliable attorney
n Boston, has removed from 81 court
street to 85 Devonshire street, Boston,
Mass, where be will, attend to any bust
ness entrusted to him from any part Of the
United States
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

Mas. STEVENS has new stock of Iaces
|and tides and other ictas suited to her
millinery establishment. She is also now
agent for Wilson's improved sewing ma
|cbnes
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

COMPLEXION. The Idahoda gives the
political status of the next legislature of
Idaho as follows: For the council, 7 Re-
publicans, 5 Democrats and Tndenendent.
For the house, 10 Democrats. IL Republi.
cans and 2 Independents.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

CONSTELLATION Report comes that the
Union Pacific aud Central Pacific railroads
have been consolidated nnder Que manage.
ment, With Sidney Dillon as president, and
with one board of directors. Now look
cut for monopoly.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

TAMARAoK WOOD is being brought to town
a from the Assotin settlement in considera-
bic Quantities. When dry it Is excellent
for cooking purposes. They haul it over
| Pearcys new road.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

FIdnTlNG.-A fight occurred at saloon
in tho upper part of town alta late honr
ohe ught this week in which two parties
got badly punished. Such business is bad
for the eyes.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

ENTERTAINMFNT.-The Lapwai mirstrels
to give rare entertainment at
Clari's hall about the 18th inst. Look
out Tor fun and good music.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
Nov. 18th, 1878.

NORTHWEST steamer arrived here
on the Goth Nov. aud left again on the LIST
December. She brought into Snake river
90 tons of freight, and about 40 tons to
THIS place. She will be here again about
tomorrow. She is expected TO make her
trips here until the river is closed by the
ice Who will now say that steamb boats
can come to Lew vision in low water. -
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

A BREAK ~ the ditch has caused tenn
porary suspension of work at the aouring
mill.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

MlLk.-M. II. sprague, ESQ, has now ar
so made that he can furnish parties
who desire to purchase, with milk by tho pint,
quart or gallon. 6-tf.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

The ROADS are reported very muddy be-
tween this place and Mt. Idaho.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

Attention Everybody! Photographs --
Montgomery, the celebrated artist, is here. Per
sons wanting photographs taken and fiaished
the way they should be. have a chance now to
DO SO. As none but good work leaves the gail
lery, and the public can rely on being satisfied,
FRosT's GALLERY.
Nov. 18th, 1873. y3-nftf.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

c. N. REDNAN, ESQ, was in town this
week from the prairie and gave US CALL
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

SEE DR.. Kirkwood's professional card in
mother column.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

L. GARRISON arrived here on last nights
stage, from Warrens on his way east.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

READ the nd. of proposals for ~ new
Court House at Mt. Idaho.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

WHEAT is being hauled to town 10 fair
ouantities from the surrounding country.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06

Dr.. GLOVE is still toothing it at the
Hotel de France.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1878-12-06
Il III Il u 4, T. L. d. IL.

-ocAL lNTELLIG EN- &c
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-06-27

have beOn received at the naval station there to
despatch three Indian troop ships to Malta. The
circumstance causes consde rable excitement, MS
1t Is reported that these vessels win be employed
TO take back the Indian contingent
FoRTIFYISG THE FRONTIER.
kilograms from Bucharest report that progress
Is making IN the construction OF earthworks al the
northern outlets OF the Carpathian passes II is
also stated that certain mountain roads are being
made practicable Tor artillery on both sides Of the
frontier
HIsHoP's ASTgogDExTs.
In the course CT an examination In Berlin OF the
case OF Bishop the Engiishman convicted ana ssn
tshced 10 imprisonment for brbing officials to obtain
plans or German fortrssses IL discovered that he
had been sentenced to ten years. Imprisonment In
1854, BY court at Turn, for participating In con-
sprucy In favor Of tho ex King Francis OF Naples
II was also discovered that he corrupted a Prussian
sergeant Al Astz IN 1877 order to obtain informa
ton relative 10 tho mobilization of tho Royal Enxi
nosrs. lie ID q stanch alIrsmontane, and an enemy
OF Bismarck. OF Prussia and Of Germany.
ROMAN coNsrsroRY.
Tho Roman Consistory. appointed for the 5th OF
July has been postponed until the 10Th OF tho same
lnoath. III 'f.@t tN.f
THE WYOMING uoxRwARD BOUND.
The United States stsamer Wyoming sailed from
Southampton yesterday for Now York. !.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-06-27
EXECUTION.
FRANK PERRYNo SUFFERS THE EXTREME PEN
Ally OF THE LAW FOR MURDER

FRANK PERRYNo SUFFERS THE EXTREME PEN.
Atty OF THE LAW FOR MURDER
[Dy TELEGRAPH TO THE HLIALD.
SAVANNAH, Ca, June &c. 1878.
BY order OF Sheriff Roman, Frank FerryGo, colored,
convicted oil tho murdcr OFF y. Lee, white farmer,
In April last taken from the jan to-daysat fifteen
minutes alter tnrce O'Clock la a close carriago to the
place selected Tor his execution, about halt milo
from city, the spot where the crime
mittcd. concourse OF people, chiefly negroes, had
Assem- bled TO the number OF fully 1--WE thousand. A
detachment OF policemen, unccr General Anderson.
Chef OF Police, was present.
Perryno, acc )mpaned by his spiritual adviser,
Rev. Mr. Morris, oil ST. Stevens Episcopal Church.
coiored reached the ground at huIf-past three and
sscendcd the scanold msniicsting utter naifTcr.
encc 70 his fate Resting for moment upon the arm
OF the minister he glanced around upon tho vast
scmbiage and then commenced an excited naranaue,
which lasted some ten minutes. lie acknowledged
the vi the crime attributing IL to hts evil
associations and example, ana warned others against
the ways which had brought him where he stood. Ho
said he had made hts peace with God, and hoped 10
meet them all in heaven.
Tue rope vas two minutes past four. ind
after hanging iwenty-lour minutes the ply sicians
pronounce d him dead, when the body was cut dew u
and turned to the friends oi the rrmual. Per-
icct order prevailed throughout the proceeding
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-06-27
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM.

RuMoEs OF CHARGES AGAINST THE coLLECroR
At BALTIMORE FOR BRING TOO ACTIVE IN
LOCAL POLITICS
wAsMSGroy. June 20, 1878
There ntma atoms IN certain quarters hero 10
tho effect charges have been prepared to present
tho Secretary OF tho Treasury against Mr.. John L.
Thomas Collector OF tho Port OF Baltimore the state
ments being that he IL Interesting himself local
poitical matters TO an extent that Is entirely NJ
variance vita tho Prcsidsnls OWL service reform
orders.
Inquiry at tho Treasury this Afternoon fails to
show that anything has been formally presented
against Mr.. Thomas, though there uro tntimatioDs
elsewhere that they viii b. forthcoming Az invests
gnton would depend upon the char acter OF atdAvits
In opposition 10 that oncia we'll upon The mo-
tivss OF snove presenting them. Mr.. Thomas
this CITY yesterday both nj the treasury and
tho Executive Manson. He did not then seem TO be
apprchensave OF any trouble
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-06-27
BANK FAILURE.
[ur rsLEonAPH TO THE HERALD. ]

SHExAxDoAH. Va, Juno 20, 1878.
The Shenandoah Valley Bank suspended this morn
Ing A. the usual hour Of opening the following no
tce vas posted tho doors OF the bank 1.-THE
directors have decided this bank tor pros
ont The steady withdrawal OF deposits, the result
OF the continued depression business and tho AT
lculty In collecting IT'S assets J0r the reason
have prevented the bank from modn Ing tho
public TO only limited extent for timc past
Ii believed Tho bank is entirely solvent and
It's creditors Will be paiu IN full"
the excitsmspt attending this announcement
intense. fbs unfortunate dcpositors rusned about
the streets using strong Language. The decision 10
close x doors arrived al last evening, and tho
reason assigned for ~ Is the insbhty to realize on
assets last was necessary TO moot the demands
Of depositors There was no run on the bank, but
the withdrawal 0i deposits was so STEADY for some
time past that u finally beanie impossibls 10 meet
the demands uploss at 700 great sacrifice. The bank
considered soi institution and had the reputa-
ton Of being conducted economically, aud conse.
quenty enjoyed fsr shsrc oil public confluence, even
~ these days OF popular cistrust
Tho dcpositors number 100, with amounts TO their
credit ranging from $40 up TO $40, 600 Joel b. Ne
Cammant. the cusbter, statos that every Tort was
made keep thu bank open, but the dsnreciafton In
values made " impossible The Suspension Will prove
o severe blow TO tho business men Of Shenandoah.
whscn IN point OF population Is the second largest
town In Schuyikiii county. Thev nov are without
any baking fscifities whatever This afternoon j.
o. Roads, Of Potviis and - Yost, Of the tsliers
we're appointcd assgnees TO settle up the Affairs oil
the bank ior the benefit Of crediorz
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-06-27

Professor Francis A. Walker, OF Yale College, and
Colonel NJ G. Macrca United States Army arc At the
Hoffman. Rev. George Muller, Of England, Is at The
Rossmors. Hugh Riddle, President OF tho Chicago,
Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company and Henry
G. Potter General Manager Of tho Flint and Pere Mar.
qustts Railway. arc at tho Windsor Professor q. "
Riley, United states EnromoossI, ana Henry r. Picr-
son. OF Albany, are ut the Everett William Bross OF
Chicago, - At tho ST. Nicholas Senator Simon u.
Conover, Of Florida. ana Perry smith, Of Chicago.
are a. tho Metropolitan. General illiam d. VIII ppe,
United states Army, and Judge Henry Chapman, 81
Pennsylvania, arc Al the Gilsey. senator L. u. SEES
sions, OF Chautsuqua county, ~ Y, and A. s. Baford,
OF Richmond Va, are Mt tho Fifth Avenue. John
fucker, Of Philadelphia. 10 ~ tho AIbemarle.