Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1878-01-18
Death OF victor Emanuel, Ring Of
Hale.

p. NJ, on the 9th inst, at Rome, in the fifty
eighth year of his age He was born on the
1ith of March, 1920, and was the son Of
Charles Albert, of the Savoy Curignano branch
Of the royal family of Sardinia and of the
Austrian Princess Theresa daughter of Fer
dmand, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Charles
Albert became King of Sardinia in 1881, when
the future King of Italy had just completed
his eleventh year. Victor Emanuel received
an excellent education. but there is nothing
remarkable in his early history. In 1912,
when he was known as Duke of Savoy, he be-
came the husband of the Archduchcss AIDE
laide of Austria He first became conspcu-
GUS in the struggle that began in 1913, when
Charles Albert put himself at the head Of the
Italian movement that aimed at the expul-
sion of the Austrians, and which had been nc
CELEBRATED by the occurrence of so many revo-
lutions in Europe. Being placed in command
of the Savoyan brigade, he bore himself with
great gallantry in the field, and was wounded
Mt the battle of Goito; and he was not less
daring and noted in the fatal battle of Novara
the event of which once more placed Italy I'M
der the feet of 1.-THE barbarians" Charles Al
bert abdicated the throne, and Victor Eman-
uel became King. Nothing, apparently could
be more desperate than his condition. The
Austrans were victorious, there was no hope
of foreign assistance and Sardinia was dis
tracted by faction, many of the people dis
trusting their Government. But he did not
despair He made peace on such terms rs
could be got, and proceeded to rcorganize the
army. and to bring order out of the chaos
presented by the finances The Austrans
would have done much for him. even to the
extent of increasing his domnions, had he
but consented to place himself on their side
but he remained faithful to Italy, like the man
who was destined one day to become her
Lipss thpts,rl NJ fbot tip,a ba could hov.a laI
no hope of such promotion. He took the
Liberal side in home politics, upholding a
| constitutional system of government and sub
| jecting the clergy to the law, and siezing the
church property, and giving to education II
secular character. The Pope communicated
him, but. though he was far from being in
| different to religion, he did not allow this to
check his course as a reforming ruler That
he was much assisted by the great Count Ca
YOUR does not lessen the worth of his work.
| for none but wise sovereign would have en-
| ployed that wonderful man. The honor for
what was done is fairly to be shared between
the King and the Minister each of whom was
necessary to the other. They were the two
men who redeemed Italy. and to whom she
| owes her national existence In few years
! their labors told with wonderful effect on the
sub-Alpine kingdom. Order and loyalty We're
| restored industry flourished, the finances
were placed in excellent condition, and the
army was made one of the finest military or
carnations in the world. Sardinia was seen
TO be one of the best governed and most flour
ishing countries, and her state was a subject
of congratulation to ALL save the two extremes
| of fanatics-the men who howled for reaction,
and the men who howled for a republic with
| out reference to the fitness of country for
republican institutions.
The strength of Sardinia and the deservedly
| high reputation of her army made her alliance
of account even to the great military mon
archies; and accordingly, when France and
| England became involved in war with Russia,
and it seemed doubtful whether they would
be able to take Sebastopol, they made treaty
with Sardinia and she sent 10000 men to the
| Crimea, under command of Gen. Della Mar
mora, who had reorganized the army a part
of which then took the field under his orders.
| He and his men behaved most admirably and
showed themselves to be the equals of their
associates in all military virtues. Victor
Emanuel visited England and France. where
he was received with great favor. When peace
| was made his ENJOYS were allowed seats in
the Congress of Paris (1sj6), where they had
much influence, and where they did much to
prepare the way for future events of the high
est importance to their country. Austria saw
that it would be impossible for her to carry
out her designs with regard 10 Italy if Sar-
DINA should be allowed to continue her ca
reer, and accordingly she prepared to attack
| her. An alliance was formed between France
and Sardinia, and the Italian war began in
the spring of 1859. The Sandman Legisla-
ture clothed the King with dictatorial power
and he took command of his army The wal
was brief, but brilliant. The Italian troops
greatly distinguished themselves under THEN
monarch's lead, fighting with heroic bravery
at Palestro, at Magenta and at Solferino. On
the last named field the King was pitted
against General Benodek who had not Their
been ruined by Sadowa, and was counted one
of the first of living commanders; and the
Italian was seen to be n match for the Ger
man, though he had had less experience il
war.
The sudden termination of the war, by the
treaty of Nillafrenca, was thought to be ruin
Gus to Italy in face of the fact that it hat
wrenched the rich and fruitful Lombardy from
Austria, and given it to Victor Emanuel Tn,
next year. however. showed that there were
other ways to bring about Italy's redemption
than fighting Austria Garibaldis famous ex
petition began the business of overthrowinl
the Bourhons in the kingdom of the Two Sici
lies, and the Sandman troops completed it
besides overthrowing the Papal forces. Th
various italian States Joined in the revolution
airy doings of 1860 and the Tuscans. the Mo
denese, the Parmanese, the Neapolitans, tn
Sicilians and the Romans all decided, through
their votes, in favor of annexation to Sardinia
BY the close of the year nearly all Italy bu
Veneta stood redeemed and the King vsitet
Naples. On the 18th of March. 1861, he be
came King of Italy title which few men ev
er expected 90 see him assume MS represent
ing one of the greatest of accomplished facts
even the most ardent of Italy's friends hard
venturing to hope that united Italy could b
, looked for in his tme-and. indeed rs tn
Venetians were not included i'll his domnions
they were so far right. To obtain Nenet
became the grand object of the King, and
is highly probable that success soon woul
: have crowned his efforts but for the sudde
death of Count Cayour, whose departure a
; | the very noon of life, and when he seemed t
| have entered upon more marvellous caree
than ever, was a sad reminder of the frailt
of this transtory life. italian affairs did nc
go on so well after that blow; and it was nc
till 1866 that another opportunity was otfere
for the completion of Italian unity.
In the spring of that year the Prussian Gov
eminent seeing that war with Austria wa
imminent, formed on offensive and defensiv
alliance with Victor Emanuel H., by whic
Venetia, in the event of the success of the a
Z lance, shOrll be secured for the kingdom {
Italy.
War broke out in June, and the Italian kin
led an army into Venetia but as the plan {
, the campaign was a bad one, and as tn
Italian General Della MarmoTa failed TO hay
good intelligence, the consequence was viz
n tory for the Austrians at the battle of Custoi
I "a. The war, generally, was poorly conduc
/ ed by the Italians, both by sea and land, an
!. the defeat of Custozza gave a locked-jaw I
q their operations, so that their part in the col
test was neither what it should have beer
nor what it had been expected it would be
Al. a.
! in so far as he allowed himself to be persuat
ed to adopt Malmora's plan, instead of mo-
4 ing by the line where Cialdina, who is greI
Il soldier, held command. The naval operation
4 were even worse than those by land, and tn
; was the more Notifying fact of the two,