Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1878-07-10

Is Calleu lnS pidlu' AuCoS SiH@li
particles are partially kept apart BY
films Of water, (after sailing, this water
becomes brine), and the peculiar tex
ture thus impaired to the butter is a
test Of proper manufacture. Over'churn
or ovsr.work it, churn or work it at the
wrong temperature, and the grain is
gone, never to be restored ; and with it
is gone large percentage Of the selling
value of the butter. Enough water
(brine) must be retained to produce this
appearance, with distinguishes ''butter"
from grease" Consequently the
NEST perfect grain is obtained by wash
ing in the the churn before the butter is
gathered"
THE BUTTER GLoBULE.
To these who know nothing Of the
microscope and its revelations, world
remains hidden OF which they can have
little comprehension. To the naked
eye milk appears smooth, uniform
fluid. To the eye aided by the combi-
nation Of magnifying glasses, called a
microscope" (seer Of little things, it
is translucent fluid, in which floats a
multitude Of shining globes, and these
globes are butter in Its primitive state.
We do not make butter when we churn,
although we say so. When the pro-
cess Of churning has been continued
until we can see little particles Of butter
in the cream, We say 'lhe butter has
GENE" and the next proceeding CATER
washing) is to "gather it," But, in
reality, churning is single process.
There is no difference between the
looming" and the gathering" except
that the latter is visible, while the for
mer is invisible to the unaided sight.
All that we do when we agitate cream
in a churn is to throw the butter glo-
bules strongly against each other. II
the cream is too cold, we may do this
forever and produce no butter, for the
same reason that we cannot work but
ter into rolls, or prints, when it is toe
cold. The glObules are too hard to
stick together. They merely rattle
against one another in the cliurn, like
peas in a bag. If the cream IS too
warm we can churn them together and
then churn them apart again, because
they are in too fluid state to hold to-
gethsr against the action Of tho churn.
So TO butter comes in either case
there are "wltehes in the cream" The
true exsrcist, in such trouble, is q Their
memeter.
MORE MYSTIFICATIoN.
The mystifers have held high calni-
val on the butter glebule. Nearly all
Of them q do not know an exception
among dairy 'professorsO declare that it
has a shell, (as the German philosopher
created an elephant, out of the depths
of his moral consciousness'), they have
as much trouble with it as they had with
the animal edor.' Some tell us that
the cream must be kept until acidity is
developed, in order to weaken the shell.
One has SAID that the churn must be So
constructed as to have a grinding &C =
ton upon the cream, for the same pur.
pose. A good many have seen the
shell, net only upon the slobule, but
after it has been rupturcd and the butter
has escaped. They describe it as
accurately as they described the yellow
oil, or as the old lady described the
ague which the doctor made her throw
up with dose Of lobelia. She said il
looked for all the world like the yell
of an egg
And yet we know that we can make
butter as easily from sweet'cream as from
sour. We can make butter as quickly
by shaking cream i'll plain pine box a;
when agitated with the most scientific
dasher ever invented. We know tha
at the right temperature we cannot
carry bottle ofcream a few miles in &
wagon-box without finding butter there
at the end Of our journey. SO, far. We
have common sense rcsus inaccurate
science.
If we go further, we shall find thai
while 20 years ago all psychologists
thought they could see a membrane on
the little globule land nothing is more
easy than to deceive ones self on this
point in using an imperfect instrument
or q good one unskllllully,)-now,
more than half Of those who have studied
the question with ability, declared it to
be naked. It's really difficult cues
ton to decide. Both OFFICIALLY, with
the microscope, and by the use of
chemical tests the highest manual skill
and the best mental ability are re-
quisite in the determination Of this APP
parently simple problem. But the wri-
ter hopes he may say, without egotism,
that thosgh only an ordinary NJ. d.
and farmer he fiften years ago, and
several times since, has repeated, with
many variations, a great variety of
tests, beth on the optical and chemical
side Of this membrane question, and
concluded each time with frmer con-
vlction that the butter globules swim
:tare naked in the serum Of the milk,
requiring forcible contact only, at the
right temperature, to cause them to ad.
here to each other and form butter.
When he began this study, he was
not aware that a single prominent scien-
list held any other view than that the
butter globule had an envelope. Now,
he is happy in finding the majority upon
l q = 4 4 l. g