davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
The Potter Investigation.

WASHINGTON, June 13.-The Potter
committee held brief
session to-day immediately before the
regular meeting.
Gen. Smith, late appointment clerk of
the treasury department, was called and
testified that this morning he went
to the secretary's Office at the executive
mansion and looked oyer the record of
letters, and found that there had been
letter referred to the treasury department
March 10th, 1877 which had been written
to the president by a personal friend recon-
mending the appointment of Jas. lander
son. Witness had but one interview with
the president in regard to Anderson's ap-
pointment; he produced telegram from
Stanley Matthews bearing date Jan. 30th,
addressed to himself, taken from the files
was a reply to the telegram sent by Secre-
tary Sherman. The telegram read as
follows: The letter referred to has been
received. no answer needed" Witness
had written Matthews and showed him
one OF Andersons letters, but did not
remember contents of it.
Witness said, answering Butler, he be-
lieved be sent the letter written by Ander-
son declining the iuspectorship of customs
to Matthews the day of the receipt, June
Goth. Witness had no very friendly rela-
tions with Anderson He had appointed
his brother to the Baltimore custom house
and advised him sometimes.
Butler asked, if witness did not consider
1t very unfortunate that the letter of Mat
thews to the president recommending the
appointment of Anderson was not on file
Smith, no sir, do not.
Butler asked Smith if he was 10 consul
tation with Judge Shellabarger. Sherman e
counsel, last night?
Smith said he did not know him.
Question-Do you know Judge Wilson
Answer do; l don't know whether ]
do or not
After further discussion Mr.. Mcmahon
advocating the competency of Gen. But
ler's question. and Reed and Cox against
it, Gen. Butler stated his reason fol
putting the question was to show that
Smith was an unwilling witness and was
in connection with the other side.
Gen. Smith stated that Butler, in hI;
statement, claimed he was of the opinion
from the beginning of the examination that
he, Smith. was an unwilling witness
claiming as his reasons therefor the fact oi
his receipt of personal letters from Ander
| son.
Smith further SAID Butler had caused
certain statements to go into the record
which he, Smith, had not intended to utter
Investigation was resumed and witnes:
stated in reply to Buffers question, thai
he had not been in consultation last nigh
with either Judge Shellabarger or Mr.
Wilson.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Indian Affairs.

SAN Francisco, Jure l3.-Boise City
dispatch. General Howard arrived this
morning; he soon learned the situation and
came to the conclusion he will mass his
troops at sheep rancho on the Winnie,
mucca road, take the field himself, and
make his headquarters temporarily at the
rancho where he can use the telegraph:
Orders have been sent to McDermot and
other points to furnish guards for stages
and as far as practicable protect travellers
and settlers.
A Winnemucca dispatch says parties
who arrived here this evening from Para
disc Valley, farming district thirty miles
northeast of this place, report that armed
ranchers are assembled at kenlers store
anticipating an attack by the Indians to-
night or tomorrow. Another military
com pany is being organized here tonight
to take the field as soon as arms and
ammunition can be received from the state
authorities.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
WEST POINT.

WEST POINT, June l3 About 1000
persons were present at the exercises at
tending the graduation OF the first class OF
cadets; at | | A NJ the cadets were march
cd to u point in front of the platform; upon
the platform were seated President Hayes,
Generals Sherman, Sheridan. Sco6eld, the
secretary of war; in the rear sat Mrs.
Hayes and lady friends; when the presl-
dent appeared he was applauded and
STEPPING forward bowed aud was again
spplauded.
Formal address to the cadets was de-
livered by Rev. James Lewis of the
board of visitors, when Lewis concluded
the band played national air aud then
General Schofeld introduced President
Hayes, who was received with loud ap-
plause. When quiet was restored he
spoke 10 substance as follows:
My friends; the very limited oppor-
tuuity that we have had to make ourselves
acquainted with advantages OF the inter
esting spot does not authorize me to say
much to these young gentlemen about to
leave. but what we have seen enables US &c
| speak with satisfaction and admiration oil
the thoroughness aud excellence of instruc
ton given by this institution. Here some
thing more than learning is required; the
training is that which leads up to the best
specimen of American manhood, and so
young gentlemen. l feel authorized to say
to you that we are deeply interested il
you aud we sympathise with you; las
night as we heard upon the parade these
tayorite tunes Home. Sweet Home" and
Aud Lang Syne," we were all in sym
pathy with you ] merely add that as yor
leave here, we, your couutrymen. fee
confident that in any emergency you art
ready with alacrity to do we'll your part.
At the conclusion the president wal
loudly cheered. The secretary of war, at
torney general, aud Gen. Sheridan, made
brief and happy addresses.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

Continued Examination of Darrall.

WASHINGTON. June 12.-Witness said
that shortly after the Potter committee
was appointed, Anderson wrote him that
he intended to testify before it, and wit
ness told him to do 80; he thought Ander-
son had not been treated right; said some
thing of this kind: Go ahead; pitch into
and expose the psalm-sipRing-hypocrite," !"
and that his papers would do it; there was
not very warm feeling toward this ad-
ministration in his state; witness had
visited the secretary of state with Ander-
son to get him an appointment; the secre-
tary of state asked if they could get trecom-
mendations of the democratic members
from their state.
Witness was closely examined as to
whether he solicited Anderson's influence
to get him the collectorship, or whether
Anderson rendered it.
Witness stated that it was his belief
that he sent first for Anderson to come
and help him in his candidature, but he
had heard Anderson say before that be
had valuable documents which would in-
huence the powers that be to do as he
wished when the visiting statesmen were
in New Orleans, in April, Anderson showed
witness letter from Matthews introduc-
ing him to Judge Harlan, and said be had
given Harlan that original Weber agree
ment after being promised by Harlan some
position; that was witness recollection; !;
witness expressed much surprise that
Harlan wanted the document, and Ander-
son said in effect that Harlan or Matthews
would secure him an Office if he gave up
the agreement.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

New ORLEANS, June l3.-The Calves
ton NeaCs special from San Antonio says
the following will appear 10 the morning
Herald, and is authentic from gentlem an
just returned from Fort Clark. Friday
last Gen, Mincio, commanding the Mexi-
can government troops, was killed by
Escobedos soldiers near that place Satur-
day Gen. Mackenzie and Col. Shafter
with a strong force crossed into Mexico in
pursuit of the rciders to about forty miles
north of Eagle Pass. and that night they
we're obliged to return to Texas. They
Immediately telegraphed for reinforce
ments; twenty companies of cavalry have
been sent to their assistance with section
of artillery consisting of two gattling guns
and two rifled cannon. 1t Is believed a.
Fort Clark this aggregate force have re
entered Mexico; the troops have hfteer
days rations and a heavy train, with tive
experienced guides. Exciting news is
expected.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
There is Trouble in Store

For those who neglect to rectify irregulari
ties of the stomach, liver and bowels. which
they foelishly imagine will come right of
themselves Of this silly error such per-
sons are usually disabused by the develop
ment of some serious chronic malady,
traceable to what they were pleased to con
slider trifing disorder of the above named
associate organs. Such elimination is
easily avoided A course of Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters invariably has the effect
of renewing the secretive action of a tor
pid liver, restoring healthy disgestion and
assimilation. and rendering the habit Of
body perfectly regular. The activity of
these all important fuucticns being restor-
ed. .and the entire system toned and regulat-
ed by this incompatible corrective and
iuvigorant, no danger to the general health
is to be apprehended from causes which
if not eradicated in time, will assuredly
undermine it.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

New York, June ia. B.StockwelI.
formerly president Of the Pacific Mall
Steamship Co., has been adjudicated q
bankrupt with liabilities over million
dollars.
New YORK, June l3-It is announced
Bishop Potter will sail for England, next
Wednesday. to attend the Lambeth con-
ferance of Anglican communion, at Lam
beth palace, London. =,
Bishop Seymour it is understood will
attend the regular duties of Bishop Potter
during the latter's absence. and then take
charge of bis own diocese of Springfield.
p
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
SPECIAL N TIcEs.
DIR. scHcNcKs PuLmoN1c SYRUP

DIR. ScHCNCK'S PULMoNIC SYRUP
SEA WEED Tonic AND MANDRAKE P11Is.-Ihese
medicines have undoubtedly performed more cures
Oh consumption than any other remedy known to
the American public. They are compounded of
vegetable ingredients, and contain nothing which
can be injurious to the human constitution. Other
remedses advertised cures for Consumption,
probably contain opium, which is 9 somewhat dan
gsrous drug in all cases, and il taken freely by
consumptive patients, 1t must do great injury; for
Its tendency is to condne the morbid matter in the
system, which, of course, must make a cure impos-
slole. Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup is warranted
not to contain particle Of opium; it is composed
OF powerful but harmless herbs, which act on the
lungs, liver, stomach and blood, and thus correct
all morbid secretions, and expel all the diseased
matter from the body. These are the only means
by which Consumption can be cured, and as
Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup, Sea Weed Tonic and
Mandrake Pills are the only medicines which op-
crate in this way, it is obvious that they are the
only genuine cure for Pulmonary Consumption.
Each bottle of this invaluable medicine lie accom-
panied by full directions. DR.. Schenck lie profess
sionally at his principal office, corner Siqth and
Arch Streets, Philadelphia, every Monday where
all letters for advice must be addressed.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

JUDGE WEsTBRooK, of the Supreme
Court of New York says: IAN experience
of several years during which time POND S
EXTRACT has always been used as a
remedy for WOUNDS. BRUISES and
STRAINS. enables me to say, that in all
such cases it has proved to be wonderfully
eficacious" Ask for PoND's EXTRACT!
Take no other
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
90 n g r E 8 y 10 n A L
SENATE.


WASHINGTON, June l3 Matthews
from the railroad committee reported
without Recommendation the senate bill to
aid the Corpus Christi, San Diego and Rio
Grande railroad. Put on calendar.
Voorhees, moved to take up the specie
resumption repeal bill; discussion followed !;
it was finally agreed to, 80 to %. Allia,
Kirkwood, Saunders, and Paddock voted
nay; Davis of lis. aud Oglesly voted yea,
HOUSE
WASHINGTON, June 13.-House after
refusing to consider the Raiuey Richard
son, South Carolina, contested case, and
the river and harbor bill, the house amid
much confusion went into committee
of the whole on the sundry civil bills.
Eden moved to suspend the rules and
pass it as i; came from the committee or
appropriation.
Atkins SAID Eden did not understand
the bill yet.
Cox moved to adjourn until the mem
bers came to their senses; defeated, l3l Il
IA, and the excitement became intense anC
confusion increased. finally a vote wa;
taken on Eden's motion and it was lost
1876 to As. The house then in committe,
of the whole considered the sundry civi
| bill.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Last Nights Dispatches.
FOREIGN NEWS.
The Eastern Question.

LONDON, June 12.-It is stated that
two American steamers have arrived at
Cronstadt laden with arms, ammunition
and war like stores for Russia.
CoNsTANTINoLE, June 12.-Safvet
Pasha. Grand Vizier. gave dinner last
evening in honor of the Austrian am
bassador, Prince Labanoff
LONDON, June IA Constantinople
dispatch says there are $4,000 Russian
troops sick of typhoid fever and similar
diseases in this neighborhood,
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Congressional nominations,

DEs MONIES, Ia, June l2.-The Green
back congressional convention in this DIS
trict, held at Winterset to-day. nominated
K. FL. Gillett for congress. Mr.. Gillett is
a retired capitalist, residing at Des Moines.
COUNCIL BLUFFS, Ia, June l2.-The
Greenback congressional convention of the
Eighth district. was held in this city to-
day. Only twenty-nine delegates we're
present. Rev. Geo. G. Hicks, of Mont
gomery county, was nominated for con-
gress on the first ballot.
EVANSVILLE. June l2-Thos Z. Gar
vim, of Evansville, was nominated for con-
gress by the democrats of the First con-
gressional district to-day.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
wa.4ner pronabt1ities

WASHINGTON, June 13.-Indications in
the Inner Mississippi and lower Missouri
valleys: rising, probably followed By falling
barometer, winds mostly from East to
Sonth. stationary or slightly lower temper
at,,re. and partly cloudy weather, with
rain areas in the latter and lower portion
of the former.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
WASHINGTON,

WASHINGTON, June l3.-The Matthews
met to-day. Matthews and An
dersons present and Allison presiding.
At the request of the Potter committee,
Anderson was allowed leave to attend the
Potter committee to hear the evidence of
Mrs. jerks to day, and the committee
took a recess.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
We Believe

That if everyone would use Hop Bitters
freely, there would be much less sickness
and misery in the world; and people are
fast finding this out. whole families keep
ing we'll at a trihiDg cost by its use. We
advise all to try i'll d, A., Rochester.
~ y
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
COMMERCIAL.

COMMERCIAL
Wheat-Dull; M91c lower; receipts 5000 bush
els; sales none; No spring June 10h bid.
Rye Firm.
CornA0Ac lower; moderately active; receipts
10000 bushels; sales $50 OOO 42G45 western mixd.
Bariey-Nominal.
Osts-Firm: receipts 1900 bushels sales &c, :
600; 295z931A mixed western; 30G36 white.
Pork-Heavy; 1000
Lard Heavy; z 05G7 OK.
Whisky-1 0S,
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
MICHIGAN.

DETROIT. June 13.-The republican
state convention assembled at Detroit in
the Opera House at ii this A. NJ. After
prayer by Rev. w. Ninde, temporary
organization was effected by the election of
james A. Stone temporary chairman. At
IL o'clock recess until two was taken.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

QUEBEC, June l3. All quiet this morn.
ing, as yet. The Montreal troops arrived
early this morning, and relieved b. Bat
tery and the 9Th battalion on guard at the
parliament building Jail.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
PONDS EXTRACT.
ID e WAR e
IMPOSITION!
The Patrons of Ponds Extract

The Patrons of Ponds Extract
are cautioned against the uncer-
tain, strengthless decoctions of
fered to the public as being equal
to this faT-famed, old established
remedy
DO not be deceived by similarity
OF odor and appearance. These
mutations cannot an any instance
be compared with Ponds EX-
tract
This great Curative is always of
steady and uniform character.
The extensive facilities for the
manufacture of Ponds EX-
tract enables the Company to
guarantee this while the imitator
does not produce the same result
twice in succession.
The true secret of the manufac-
ture of Ponds Extract is
too well guarded and too wisely
transmitted TO escape.
Other interruptions trades
men, desirous of making a larger
profit, are in. the habit of stating
to their customers who ask for
Ponds Extract, that they
do not keep it in bottles, but have
it in bulk
This Company is most sOIIcI-
tous to protect their patrons from
this dishon Orable trick, resorted
to for the purpose of palming off
on the public a cheap dec oction
that can not in any way compare
in purity and quality with this
old established remedy.
Some of our friends are in the
habit of taking old Ponds
Extra ct bottles to the druggists
to be refilled. No dealer can
refill a bottle with genuine
Ponds Extract except by
emptying another bottle
The Ponds Extract Company
will feel indebted 10 any one who
furnishes them with the name of
any dealer who attempts 10 sell
them any article in bulk as
Ponds Extract, or the same
as Ponds Extract. Those so
doing are violating an ict Of Con-
gress passed Aug. 14th, 1876, the
penalty of which is fine and i'm
prisonment.
PONDS EXTRACT co.
90 MAIDEN LANE, New YORK.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
A CARD.

To all who aresufering from the errors and in
discretions OF youth, nervous weakness, early de
cay, loss of manhood, &C., will send recipe thai
will cure you, FREE OF CHARGE This great
remedy was discovered by missionary in South
America. Send q self-addressed eBvelcFe to the
Rev. JOSEPH 7. INMAN section D, Eille House
New York City,
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
JACKSON'S CATARRH SNUFF
TROCHE POWDER,


TROCHE POWDER,
A DELIGHTFUL AND PLEASANT REMEDY IN
Catarrh, Headache, Bad Breath, Hoarse
ness, Asthma, Bronchitis. Coughs,
Deafness, &C.. &c,
And all Disorders resulting from COLDS in
HEAD,THROAT& VOCAL ORGANS
This Remedy does not "DRY Up" Catarrh but
LOOSENS 1t; frees the head Of all offensive matter,
quickly removing Bad Breath and Headache; al
lays and soothes the burning heat in Catarrh is so
mild and agreeable In its effects that it positively
Cures Without SneezingI
AS TRoCHE POWDER, lie pleasant to the taste,
and never nauseatee; when swallowed, instantly
gives to the Throat and Vocal Organs q
Delicious Sensation Of oeolness and comfort
1t is the best Voice Tonic in the worlds
Try i'll Safe, Reliable, and only 35 CentsI
Sold by Druggists, or mailed free, address
COOPER, WILSON & CO., Props, Phila.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Chicago Market.

CHICAGO. June ID
Wheat-Weak and lower; 971s June; ss@93&
July.
COrn-Weaker; 3sN cash; 36ss July.
Oats-Easier; 23S cash; 23n July.
Rye-53.
Barley 4SK.
Pork-Weak; 67H each; s s2I Aug
Lard-Steady; 6 62x cash; 6 67x July.
Alcohol-1 33H bid.
Whisky-1 OF.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
COMPOUND OXYGEN

Treatment lS onIs1mption, I
Asthma. Bronchitis, Catarrh, Dyspep1,
sla, Headache, Ozsena, Debility ana az
Croie and Nervous Disorders by natural process VI
revttaIizati0n.
A NEW DISCOVERY which marks the
oeglnnlng OF q ne1U era IN The Healing Ait:
NOT a DRUG but Natures own ilie-glNIlH9g l9g
element. II does not cure by substituting one "AS
ease tor another, as when drugs are taken.
EEMARkABLE CURES GRE, are eo'S'''''"S
STRONGLY ENDORSED by yo,iTpy The Hon;
JUDGE kELA1Ef, 1. 3. ARTHUR, Hon. MoN1'o"Ir,rs -
BLAIR, Ex-Gov. BoREMAN Of W. Va, Gen. FlTS 1T
new Treatment
HOW ADMINISTERED. By simple lie tbe In
patient at his oqcn home
ION H0ME TREATMENT. This is 1 sent % Ds y
T1p,esS IA compact package. Price Tor N,d
m0ntns' supply, u5fh ag.hdfing apparatus o"'o
yen a.,d explicit directions, $500.
rhEE Treatise 200 pp.l on Compound QHy, 5Sis,
cures. sent free. Address
pRs. STARKEY & PALEN, 1112 Girard St. Phls
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Dr.. B. ". Reads Celebrated Asthma Belief
EDUCATIONAL.


L Blight eminent Professors as Instructors
!. The Best and most Elegant Rooms in the West
!. Boarding Club. Good board 81 so to s. week
!. Three First class Penmen constantly employed
J. Superior individual instruction In Book keeuln
J. Commercial Law. Invaluable to business men
I. Commercial Arithmetic, thorough and practical:
5. UneQualed advantages for learning Telegraph.
y. Scholarships good in Forty Colleges.
u. These advantages are possessed by no othe
School. Address
MONTAGUE & LILLIBRIDGE
Davenport, Iowa
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
SCHOOL RLHCrIOD.

Notice is hereby given that on
Tuesday, the 25th Day Of June, 1878,
at the Second Ward Hose House in the City of Rock
lslsnd, an election will be held for Two Members
Of the Board Of Education, which election will be
o<ened ct eight O'Clock in the morning and con-
tfnue open until seven O'Clock in the afternoon of
that day
Dated ct Rock Island City this eighth day Of June,
said JOHN L. REED, City Clerk.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

MNLWAukEE. June 10
Wheat-Dull; u 02c lower; hard 04; No /, l
Ok; No 2, 80 cash; 95X July; 81 August No 8,
80.
Coru-33
Oats-Firm; 23h.
Rye 52h.
Barley-62A.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

Hogs-Receipts 80 1000; quiet and lower: light
1908 70; heavy mixed packing 10g3 25; heavy
shipping 8 2003 35.
Cattle-Dull and weak; receipts 1000; stockers 2
75G3 50; medium to good 3 75G4 so; choice to ex-
ira 75QL5 50.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
GERMANY.

BERLIN. June l3.-The emperor slept
we'll last night and his condition is so
satisfactory that no other bulletins will be
isSued to day.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

BRUSSELS, June I3.--In consequence OF
the success of the Liberals in the late
elections the ministers have resigned,
Hubert FreereorbaD, a distinguished
statesman, has been entrusted with the
formation of new cabinet.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
n ew York Market.

NEW YORK. June 13
FINANCIAL.
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

MADRID, June l3.-On and after July
lst extra duties will only be maintained on
petroleum, benzine, vegetable oils and
sugar
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

SALT RHEUM eighteen years; used all the no
ted humor cures without effect; six bottles Fentons
Matchless sarsapsrills cured me- 1t is dead sure
cure. &c Coon, Buffalo, n 7.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-05-22
PROGRESS OF THE BRIDGE WORK.

The fty-fourth strand out of the seventy
six required to complete the East River Bridge cables
was finished Monday. Mr. harrington stated that he
would have all the wire the river by September
J. The work OF wrapping the cables Will require about
two months more when the main part Of the cable work
will be completed. During Monday "A dozen men were
seated the centre OF the river the main cables
engaged IN painting the wire. TO stranger passing
over The fOObrdge this portion OF the work Seems very
difficult the men not in any way secured TO the
cables but depend entirely upon their arms and legs for
safety.
Engineer Harrington, who is in charge of the work
this side Of the river, has finished laying the base
stone for the approach ON frankiorts between Clif
and VandewateTsts. Nearly all the foundations for
the approach piers have been excayated The old and
dapidated buildings In the immediate vicinity OF the
anchorage which were purchased by the bridge COM
pany have been torn down TO make room Tor the APP
breach The plan OF supporting the roadway OF the APP
breach on the New York has occupied much OF the
attention OF the engineers wroughtiron columns were
suggested at st but brch arches and piers are pre-
ferred aud brick will probably be used throughOut:
Brick piers can erected with equal rapidly and VIII
be more substantial and permanent Ihey resist the
action OF fire, while iron columns do not.