The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1878-03-02
Extracts from the Proceedings Of Union
Bridge Agricultural Club.

Club met at James Rakestraw's = mo. ~ ISIS
Members present David Rinehnrt and wife Dr. T.
o. Mannakee and wife, Sol shepherd and daughter
Capt D. Rinehari and wife. ;. Wood and wife. Thos
Jones and family, Margaret A. Sayler and daughter
yS Ill ISsstIAM anu insiiis anu Y oou ana wife
The President appointed David Rtnelart foreman"
o. inspect the farm, stock dc. Also Rcbecca Rine
hart. lady -inSpector for the house. The barn was
Yisifed-stock in good order, yard well kept aud
manure not allowed 10 waste.
james appears % be a live Ohio farmer transplar-
ted % Maryland soil and brings his western ideas
with him-his wagon IS strong and light his pl0ws
Of the best pattern and his work indicates thought
and care. The wheat looked well; phosphate was
The remains Of an orchard OF eleven hundred
trees, planted on Cave Hill" in 1867, q apple and
u peachl needed attention.
After dinner the President called the Clubto order
and the minutes OF the last meeting were read and
A1 s,ps IonirlDutiohs from committee IL being
called for, Capt d. Rinehart read paper MIX
Fever IN Cows James Rakestraw read a selection
from the Ohio FTlcftcni Fdrnaer. and Rebecca Rine-
hart read an excellent selection ON self Control
Daniel Wolfe then read his second paper on s.As.ri
culture, &c" Rinehart lady inspector reported
every tnlng neat and IN good order Committee
&C ordered 10 report 20 next meeting Then adj
Journed 20 meet at Capt. Rinehart's. mo. n 1878
r WOOD, seey- SOL SHEPHERD, Pres't.
PAPER NO. ..
We have said that the 9 or 10 mineral substances
essential in soil form very small proportion of
the plants that grow from ii-from to per cent OF
their weight The ashes that remain afler burning
EeRsst A!hi"sI the entire matter furnished by the
SOIL TO plants. The volatile part which disappears
in the atmosphere, represents that which was fur
nisheG by the air 50 that in the combustion of veg
etaoe matter there IS restored 70 both earth aud air
that which was taken from them during growth
Although We say elTth and supply the materials
OF growth II must not be forgotten that trdie PLAYS
very important part in all organic bodies We know
that the roots OF plants have no masticating organs
70 grind Ioo9 a. animals have and, therefore, can
not take in solid matter Food 70 be imbibed bvthe
roots alu be IN solution. Hdier besides being the
solvent OF food material in the soil and the vehicle
which carries II to all parts Of the plant itself
or its elements, Oxygen and hydrogen) appropria.
ted a. nohrlshnent IN building the plantStrueiure
Analysis shows that water enters largely INTO the
composition OF all vegetables. Improved and highly
cultivated agricultural products contain a much
larger per cent OF water than the same plants in
Their natural or wild state.
Analysis shows green clover, corn cabbage. pota-
toes, beetS, turnips and kindred crops 10 contain
nom % 20 W per cent OF water And here let
notice the two conditions in which water exists in
plants: When fresh cut plants, as grass corn OF,
indeed any vegetable, are exposed 10 air and sun
shine. they become apparently dry by the evapara-
ton OF their juices. They lose q certain portion OF
their water by this exposure which is termed Free
hdsF q legefdfs0R. But there still remains part OF
the water, not appreciabe 10 our senses which can
be expelled By heat The water so expelled Is deS-
g .,,ts.oPsS beHt5 y legedtt0H When this
Is removed the substance becomes really drg. The
method used for driving out this water is eenerally
heating IN close oven at temperature OF 2I2o for
seNeraI nouns Dry nay and straw, seasoned wood
Hour, starch, and indeed almost any thing when
sbJeSted 10 tins process yield up per cent of wa
Ter Kernels OF wheat rye, or oats give up about II
per cent. Of Microscopic water; pine wood ~ uer
cent What is called sweating of hay and grain in
the NOW is portion of this water liberated IN the
are thrown in bulk
About 4 of the dry vegetable matter that remains
aitei al the water is expelled belongs TO the CIaE
group. This group includes Cslul0se twOody fibre
st1Fe, sugar. gum, &c. These are isonerr eornponds
that is, they are compounds identical in Chemical
composition with different physical characteristics
IN the living plant they are by vital force converted
one into the other. Thus the insoIuble starch laid
up IN seeds 70 nOurish embryo plants when heat
and moisture are present is converted into soluble
sugar ana the dissolved carried by circulation
woody fibre Va ''''o
This operation OF nature may help US to under
stand whet seems very mysterious 20 many persons
Namely, the manufacture Of sugars and syi1ifs from
old rags, paper. eSc.
Cotton and linen goods are made from cotton and
max hDer, which IS nearly pure cellulose or woody
Loet. ~ chemical process the woody fiber Of the
rags ana paperis reeonverted into sugar again This
explanation, though il may enlighten the under
Standing may not make the syrup relish any better
besides the Cellulose group just noticed there is
another class Of compounds always present in or
gailic structures These are the NfrogeRotfs com
pounds known as -NbHmeH FibTiac CiIseieaand Geia-
hh. These, like the group just described are iden-
te IN heir eheinlcal composition, and in the living
plant are converted one into the other They con-
slst, chemically, of four elements Or9gen H5rogen
Cttooa and Nitrogen the latter element giving them
tle name Aarogsnots. They form only a small part
OF All vegetable and animal bodies but very inn
portant part. Liebig says NO organic structure
animal or vegetable, be formed without Nitro
gen Hence these heterogeneous compounds are
TERMED tue oTgatsof portions OF animals and vege-
tables, and they are the materials in the food of
animals that are flesh producing
on the other hand Cellulosc, starch sugar &c
consisting OF the three elements OrggeE HiNirogen
pair the waste in old ones. However abundant this
tood may be supplied no animal or vegetable can
long subsist upon 1t for the reason just stated.
Lelbig says Of these compounds They contain
Of muscular fiber, but are the materials in food that
are haIt-producing"