Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1878-11-13
NO. 46.
How Timber il Consumed.

In Russia many of the roads are FORM
ed of the trunks of the Scotch pine-nor
trees from six inches to a foot in diame-
ter at the larger end being selected for
that purpose These are laid down side
by side across the intended road, the
! thick end OF one alternating with the
narrow end of the other, the branches
being left at the end to form 4 sort Of
hedge on each side of the road When
| thus laid, the hOllows are filled up with
earth, aud the road is finished, being
analogous 10 the corduroy roads OF
North America. In Germany, casks
are made of larch, which is almost in
destructible, and allows of no evapora-
ton of the spirituouS particles of the
wine contained in them. In Switzer-
land it is much used for wine props,
which are never taken up, and which
see crop after crop of vines spring up,
bear their fruit and perish at their feet,
without showing symptoms of decay.
The uninjured state i'm which il remains
when buried in the earth or immersed
in water renders it an excellent materi-
al for water-pipes, 10 which purpose it
is largely applied in many parts Of
France. The butternut is esteemed for
the posts and rails of rural fences in
America, for trOughs for the use of cat
tie, for corn shovels and wooden dishes.
Shell-bark hickory provides baskets,
whip-handles and the backbows of
Windsor chairs. The pignut hickory is
preferred to any other for axle-trees
and ax-handles. The sugar maple is
used by wheel-wrights for aXle-trees
and spokes, and for lining the runners
of common sleds. DOgwoOd is used for
the handles of light tools, such as NAL
lets, small vises, etc. In the country it
furnishes hard row teeth to the Ameri-
can farmer, and supplies the names Of
horses collars, ETC., also lining for the
runners of sledges. The mountain lau-
rel is selected for the handles of light
tools, for small screws. boxes, etc. IL
closely resembles bGXwood, and is most
proper to supply its place. Bowls and
trays are made of red birch, and when
saplipgs of hickory or white oak are
not to be found, hoops, particularly
those of rice casks, are made of the
young stocks and of branches not ex-
ceedIng one inch in diameter. Its twigs
are exclusively chosen for the brOoms
with which streets and cOurt-yards
M Tho t,,-irr- nf a ha
cies of birch, being less supple and mora
brittle, are not proper for this use
Shoe lasts are made from black birch,
but they are less esteemed tnan those Of
beech. Immense quantities of wooden
shoes are made in France from the wood
of the common European alder, which
are seasoned by fire before they are
sold The wood of the locust is sub
stItuted for box by the turner in many
species of light wood, such IS salt-cel-
lars, sugar bowls, candlesticks, spoons
and forks for salad, boxes and many
other trifling objects. which are care
fully wrought into pleasant shapes and
sold at low prices. The olive is used
to form light ornamental articles, such
as dressing cases, tobacco boxes, etc.
The wood of the roots, which is more
agreeably marbled, is preferred, and
in laying it is invaluable. OF persim-
mon turner's make large screws, and
tinmen m3llets. Also shOemakers' lasts
are made of it equal to beech, and for
the shafts OF chaises il has been found
preferable TO ash. and to every species
of wood except lance wood. The COM
mon European elm is used for the ear
riages of cannon. and for the gunwale,
the blocks, etc, of ships. Ii is every
where preferred by wheelwrights for
the naves and fcllies of wheels and for
other objects. White cedar serves many
subsidiary purposes. From it are fabri-
Gated pals, wash-tubs and churns Of
different forms. The ware is cheap,
light and neatly made; and instead OF
becoming dull like other wood, it grows
whittier and smoother by use. The hoops
are made of young ccdars stripped of
the bark, and split into two parts. The
wood also supplies good charcoal. The
red cedar furnishes slaves, stop-cOcks,
stakes, and is also used for collins.