, 1878-11-23

anil filtered i pui ia," a uuu.hrr ui ,h,s-
tasks AMI the latter dramatically scaled.
These 4 ,sks contain NJ germs. the
bn,iing- Ht, ensured tls.
F,ny n,.k'are taken ., the A'p..
TScuiy.thrrc "i these are uirnr,i iu has
lui,, io' the purp"se 81 ,Npus.ns ,hrm
10 the sir the rmainins q are uprurd
on the summit oi . mountain. nhrur the
air, coming - d, dr,s oyrr snoW-irlds
and gl,cirrs, where ~ ,.sriaiinn ,X,,is.
J., absolutely pure. Alter ihfrr w,tks
'Xpu.urs tp a temperature varying lr' e
jOS tn 90 Fair nhrii, uf the tNcnry-
three upenr,i Ia ihr Ia, lott. tvruiy one
arr full Vt iucirria. oi the twenty = V'u
opvn,d On the mountain nn' "nr y bn ut-
cL Only one conclusion is possible.
nanrlS, tlAt The germs existed in the
air ut the lnli
Another experiment was tn 'lr,yrmine
II boiling N"uld Mil the germs IN IN in
fusion. II is well known tia, srr.is
uilrr did, rent rrs'siancs tn beat. S"nr
arc killr,i 10y m"mrni,ry VXp,sutr
Ia the trn,prrpiurv oi loiiing water, 9th
ers withstand il inr several honr-.
The germs of ,hc air way =. much.
TyndalI i"uni ,omr germs that Resisted
eight hours continual boiling.
MAIN PINT oP ARGUMENT.
Just hem - the main piint ui the AL
V1rA,rs anh uTpnn,nts al 'hr Sruntan-
rnus q nerati"n il,cnry. Bisiion holds
that the brie'csi eFpassrs g. boiling rt'er
il ,uflirira, to destroy lif.. II then. alter
this hriri exposure. in hcrrnvtically seal
ed TASKS containing vegetable inIusion.
lie is still found. il is quoted 10y him a.,
in s"pp"rt Of a spontaneous gvntraIion.
Tie either side claims that even eight
hours boiinc may not he the maximum
time necessary to ensure bacteri:itle.
The maximum temperature ut which
they live or the minimum temperature at
which they cease to live is generally
known rs the drath-pnint OF bacteria
AMI NIL experiments are directed With
the end 1t its determination in view.
These experiments alsh prove conclusive.
ly that there is u marked difference be
tween the dry bacterial matter of the mir
and the wet, soft and active bacteria Of
purifying organic liquids. The llet.ro,
grnist or advocate of Spontaneous Gen.
Grafton makes no distinction between the
two classes of bacteria. those breeding IN
II saline or inorganic solution and those
developed in n vegetable ar organic in
fusion.
What I mean is. that, germs existing
in these liquids differ from these in the
mir in their resistance to high tcmprra-
lures. yet the heterogenists hive subject.
cd the bacteria generated in the liquids
to the boiling point and argued there.
from that similar temperature would
equally kill the germs existing in the air.
Tyndall fully expcsrs the unsound char.
meter Of this ARGUMENT. to quone from
him:
I'VE have proved by multiplied cx-
prrimcnts the all, grd destruction of all
living matter hy the brieiest exposure
to the influence OF boiling water to be n
drlusion.
The whole logical edilice raised upon
thi, basis falls TO the ground; md tho
nrgum MT that bacteria and their germs
brin. destroyed Mt l4Oo must. il they
appear, after exposure. Ia 2l27 he spon
tanpousIy generated, is, Ifust, silenccd
forever"
THE BACTERIA.
We will now examine these germs Of
life or bacrcria and their bearing upon
animated naturc.
The smallest organism which the mi
croscope has hiterto revealed mre group.
ed together under the common name of
Btctcria. In the stafflike bncteria, the
usual mode of propagaioo ana multi
plicnrion is dissection. The staff is nip
ped at its center, the rip drrpcns, and
finally the hnrtcria is divided inro two
halves which lengllen and are hscctcd
in their turn, Tnis process is so very
rapid that il enables SC; cntcun mil