The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-07-15
NEW YORK HERALD MONDAY July Is lS7s--wrA svrrLEMENT


teen hundred nautical miles. "Polynis." said the
Doctor sis not u hole, some have commended
u Is wits, sea, not very well known TO but
We do know that every year, aud in every season.
the wide open sea u found here Nothing OF
that has been seen In the Paeocrystic Sea-
rnere is one point of resemblance the western side.
and that Is o small This Is thin, narrow cur
rent OF warm water which comes from the Atlantic,
runs up the western coast Of Greenland past Melville
Bay, far az Port FouIkc. This current keeps the
bay open all winter. producing vegetation and animal
life. we'll rs good seal and walrus fishery. All
this is the terrific Paleocrystic Sea-" "a
CURRENTS IN SEAS
The conversation turned toward these warm cur
and their effect tho earth. The Doctor said
he believed The open sea, oailed Polynia by the
Russians, and the nature Of which he had becn ex-
planning, was connected with the Gulf Stream. His
views this point embraced In his letter 70 tho
Royal raphica Society, and no gave your CORE
spondcnt permission 10 read them. IL do not con-
sder " says the Doctor 'the Gulf Stream a. II has
been shown by actual observations to occupy the
whole width OF the ocean between Bear Island and
Nowaya Zembya to be OF any Particular advantage for
navigation 10 be pushed porlhward In that direction
All the Arctic Dnd Antarctic ice seeks Q
constant exit toward the Equator In the Antariic
Sex these indrts are freely disposed OF all the
degrees 40 degrees ana IS degrees south latitude
Nowhere lies such marked influx OF a warm equa-
torial current been observed Gulf Stream In the
Northern Hemisphere. Side by side the Gulf Stream
the Polar current COURSES and
the Polar current brings the Ice down tar as 80
degrees north latitude, tho Gulf Stream protects all
Europe from the Polar ice which by IL is kept back
to rs degrees north latitude, difference Of about
40 degrees of latitude. But between Bear Island
and Nowaya Zombys, In about IS degrees north
latitude, the Gulf Stream certainly charged with
ice that comes down from the Siberian Il Is
evident that here, BY the contact OF two currents
meeting each other, one Of them charged with ice.
the latter must get choked up. This is how The
Austrian boat rsgethod which meant to force It's way
through, was cnught In the choking mass aud never
liberated. Consequently the Gulf stream In
this part Of the Arctic region produces a bar
rier-a kind Of ice barrier The Tesetbon, however
was small weak steamer Of only 22o tons, and was
caught in the strong current Cape Nassau. Tho
season was most unfortunate. All the ice drifteo
toward tho shore yet there have been again
and again when the seas wore freely navigaole-
found at least by fishermen from Norway in their
fra little sailing vessels OF only thirty tons" The
Doctor expressed the opinion that strong
vessel, ona ike those Mares commanded
or the Jeannct,c, OF Mr.. Benefits exped-
tiop, could in every year, under a rcsolute COM
mandcr. penetrate somewhere between Spitzbergen
and Nowaya Zembya far to the North. From what
he knew OF the Jeanette Just the vessel FIR
such an undertaking. ut has been shown" he adds
"rcq uentiy in these latter years BY Norwegans
spi,zberesn can be easily attained. Mr.. Smith has
made several trips 10 tho Arctic regions and all have
been valuable In their results.
Sand as to the cold ?" said your correspondent.
'why, az to the cold" replied tho Doctor, ''Wran-
gc stopped in his sIedges by thin bending,
breaking ice Ut point north OF the ccl1cst region
the lace Of the globe. There ne found open sea-"
THE WORK swEpEx IS DOING.
s'By the way" said the Doctor tho conversation
swaycd on in directions, 81 suppose you have
seen that the swedes propose expedition, to sail
next month"
Your correspondent announced that no had general
newspaper knowledge Of such an expedition.
SWELL" said the Doctor. "tnnt expedition promises
TO be important The Swedes have done good work
in these Are.o regions. Considering their and
the resources OF their country thoy have done
veis quite Substituting their ancient lame This Swede
expedition should especially interest Mr. Bennett, as
1t proposes TO 40 over part OF hts route would
be surprised II the Jsanne ana The Swedes
In the ARCTIC seas, and II would aid the cause Of
science and the aims OF the expedition " IN some
sense, they acted together Tho more expeditions
act together In tho Arctic regions the better
for each. tho better for all. Too much IS
to DO to admit OF rivalry. Tho Swedes have
been coming and going in shese Spiizbercen with
tho greatest ease. They have been this work Tor
twenty years. The purpose N this Swedish expedi-
ton is 70 examine tho coast ana especially hunt
for the Pole II is just possible however, that the Pole
viii he found in this way. Some daring sailor will
and fha rnuf and vo IN Iust as fhe hall Inn
made such great discoveries In a few days excursion
from his whaling station"
PAYERS EXPEDITION AND HIS GREAT DISCOVERY.
An allusion was made TO Payers expedition. al
have known Payer" said tho Doctor. "most OF
his lie. do will never, think, 60 TO
the North Pole again. His expedition was
success IN many ways, but Payer returned with the
Impression tina, nothing to be done the North.
II you were to talk with him. you would find mat no
threw cold water on the whole business. do not
know why Il should be So Payers friends were more
than satisfied with his work. But Payer was not In
command OF the boats, only Of the siedges. As long
as the Austrians kept to the water ana tho
coasts Payer had nothing TO do When they
landed he took command. Consequently, In
what 1 consider the most important part
Of Arctic expedition, exploration by water. Payer
is not a witness. He did great tang however.
he went North a famous Alpine climber, had
really done wonderful things the oun tains,
and knew how to climb and to observe aud morn-
tains well rs any man living. You must remem-
Dor II rs quite as much Of science TO understand what
you see whoa you climb mountain as II is TO reach
there Payer had the experience, and he climbed
peak In Greenland about seven ihousand Ieot high.
The result OF that excursion than repaid us
In the Information It gave for tho expedition. 1t de-
stroyed all OF theories about Greenland Payer
saw Alpine country marked with lords aud inter-
laced with navigable rushing streams consider
Payers mountain climbing real discovery. 10 TACT
It IL so importau, aud the results S, marked that
would not send an expedition into ths Arctic regions
without having some ono VINO knew how to climb
mountains and TO Know what he saw when he reached
thor top"
WHAT BALLOONS MIGHT no.
THIS led to an observation from your correspondent
the use OF balloons "Baloons, !" said tho Doc.
tor. shave never been tried. II the question was