The Hawaiian gazette., 1878-12-18
News Items.

OF the 1000 national banks in the United States,
sixty have ceased business, but not a single
holder has lost dollar BY them.
The Spanish American Com,nssion, for the settle
ment Of claims Of citizens OF the United States grow
ing out Of the late nsurection in Cuba have allowed
claims to the extent Of more than million Of dollars,
which have been promptly paid by the Spanish gov
ernment.
Fruit culture is making rapid progress in the
United States. According to rece { official state.
ments the land Appropriated to this branch of indus
try is 500 900 Upon this there flourish H..
600 eco apple trees GOO 600 pear trees 1872 0 900
peach trees, and al 900 grapevines The total
value Of the fruit crop throughout the United States
is set down al 81 200. amount equal TO half
the value of the average wheat crop of the coun-
try. Toward that large sum, apples held to
contribute $50 400 900 pears, Si4, 1870 900 peaches
46lS5, 900; grapes, S2llSO00 strawberries, $1,000
900, aud other fruit, $40 ,432. 900.
Boston Is reaching out for new branch Of trade
Her line to the Azores is pronounced success.
and anoth-r steamer has been added. Now line is
TO be pnt by the Atlas Steamship Company To run
from Boston To the West Indies. This is not the
suit Of auy enterprise Of her shpowners but Of her
merchants, who have built up a trade sufficient to
variant this English company in running its boats
the line.
1t scarcely possible that it is only little
thirty years envelopes generally intro
duced. AT English staiioner, named Brown, flty
yeArs ago. it Is said, them from the sheet with
metallic forms, and gummed them as now by hand,
but the manufacture OF them was not known until
ls4O. when the hrst envelope machine record was
invented. In 1915, De la kue. the famous statiouer
had the hrst that could be regarded as n complete
success. So general has become the of be
VeiOpe that the number of them used annually is
literally immense running into thousands Of millions
of which very large number is produced in the
several manufactures in Philadelphia, where the
trade has for some years past been constantly in
creasing.
The most notable achievement in synthetic chem
istry 1858 has just been made BY Professor A.
B-eyer, Professor Liepzlg's successor at Munich.
rur the past twenty years he has been studying the
constitution OF indigo. aud AT late session OF The
German Chemical Society be announced the comp!e-
ton of his task in the discovery of the last link in
the chain Of synthetic reactions leading TO the artd
cai formation of that important dyestuf. This dis
etvery ranks with that Of Professors and Leber
mann in 1868, by which artificial madden was
substituted in the arts for the natural produ CT,
hitherto the only instance of the kind in the history
of chemistry. As yet the operations involved in this
synthesis too Numerous and costly allow
their practical application in the arts yet there is
reason To expect that cheaper methods will be de-
vised, the with artificial maddeT prOduc
and that before many years new and important
Industry will be developed At the same time the
present. occupation of many people will be destroyed
and large devoted To the cultivation of in
digo will have To be put to other uses.
The French Academy has just made its annual dis
tributvn Of prizes for virtue. The winners the
Able Roussel, founder Of the Aimee MIloent. q lady
whO for 30 years has devoted herself to tending the
sick aud improving the moral condition OF The chill
| dren Of an obscure commune IN the Veudee.
A terrific cyclone occurred on the Florida coast,
| q. S. the 23rd of October last, in which two
steamers, the City Of Houston and General Barnes,
the former from New York bound for Galveston,
Texas. and the latter from Savannah for New York
! fuundsred on Frying Pan Shoals and became total
loss. Both vessels had valuable oargues aud large
number Of passengers. The latter were all safely
| landed, those board the City of Houston at
Fernsndna, Florida. 4nd those board the General
Barnes. were PICKED up by the schooner g. W. Drew
| from New York for ST. John, Florida. The gale
com nenced FROM the Sc, and blew till 9 a. Of
the I'D when it suddenly shifted to WSW, the gale
being at its hight from ENE to ESE.
The late elections in France resulted in favor Of
the Republicans.
serious FIRE occurred at Maynooth College, near
| Dublin, Ireland, November lst., resulting in
loss to the college of S5p 900 and to the students
the loss Of all their personal effects The Ere origin
ated from defects in the heating apparatus
st Petersburg, Nov. l.-Tbe Golos and other
journals to day deprecae the giving Of direct
ance TO the Aueer of Afghanistan, and advocate q
benevolent neutrality. The GvIos treats the English
ultimatum a positive postpouement Of military
sian diplomacy to endeavor to prevent open eolli-
sion between England and Afghanistau.
Berlin. Nov. l.-COrrespondence between Prince
Bismarck and the Wurtemburg Minister is Published
wherein Bismarck states that is thenentiou Ut the
government TO bring about comprehensive revision
of the customs tariff the preparatory aburs TOR whot
have already been commenced.
| Vienna, Nov. 1.-The NJ ajurty of the Reohsra th
Committee on the reply to tue speech of the Emperor
have adopted sddrers in which Cont Andrassy
is censur=d for not consulting the Reichsrsth hi
Eastern policy.