The New York herald., 1878-11-25

seIt HIS examination OF Inc partits AZ Tuc <cot1oi
Council which represents the rulers of the twenty
confederated States. and in the Reichstag.
chosen by universal Suffrage. is able 1t is demon
strated that the government since the break OF Bis
marck with the national liberals has been without
reliable majority and it argued that until the Chan
ceor returns TO them it will remain. But at pres
ent the outlook is the other way. The chapters de-
voted to the religious struggle fK4ttnrkompf; to the
relations OF Germany to Europe; to the present poll
ca and economical crises to sace and Lorraine. are
marked like the rest of the work by knowledge and
ability and il Of the remedies he suggests are
not easily realixable they at least the merit of
good sense and good faith To the relstions of
Church and State; to pursue foreign policy OF
peace to make concessions to the liberals and erect
u responsible Cabinet to MAKE Germany prosperous
by abolishng decreasing its huge army and con-
cluding commercial treaty with France, like that of
France with England to regais the love of France
by restoring to her Lorraine and neutralizing Alsace
these are the things desirable. perhaps, but what
mountains OF prejudice. pride and pressing
pediency stand in the way!
SOCIALISM GERMANY.
The chapter devoted to German socialism is. per-
haps that which will be most closely examined by
the general reader The four attempts at regcide,
two of them on the aged German Emperor. by per-
imbued with socalisic IDEAS have directed at
tenton to socialism kcenly than the 100000 votes
pollcd for its candidates in 1877 votes which in the
election reached nearly to Its progress
has been extraordinary. What docs this socialism
mean ? Beginning In movement directed against
the Manchester school Of economists and their idea
that "the removal of restraints would result in
simple system Of natural liberty establishing ITSELF
it has rapidly passed through several phases and at
length stands demanding the re-estsblishment OF
on ha has that he labor which furnishes
all should enjoy ALL 1t SCOTS at plans for ameorat-
ing the condition of the toer while tho present rela-
tions of capital and labor exist The small economies.
the savings which provide for the rainy day or on
which fortunes may be founded are. it declares ni
qutous sef-privatons in the present. The laws have
considered man simply as productive force and not
moral being. Property is robbery, said Proud
hon Capital is spoliation," says Karl Marx, the
socialist leader of to-day. Tho economy Of the
present has decided that the toiler shall gain
than his daily bread while the capitalist gains nine
tenths Of the profit Of his labors 1.-THE iron Law Of
wages" is what must be abolished. So said Lasallc
the founder Of the movement. Socialism enters
politics .'to conquer political power that labor
may break the yoke Of the capitalists it extends its
sympathies beyond the frontiers. because "the in
tcrest of the workngmcn is everywhere the same and
dominates the questions Of nationality" Curious
fact, there are no foreigners among the German
ciaists; there Germans in every sociastic camp
outside the Fatherland. German socialism demands
to begin with the creation of producing associations
for industry and agriculture, which should be on
such vast scale that the general Of labor
(by the State) might grow out Of them. Everything
Of production is to be finally managed by the State
accompanied by condition Of things regarding indi
vduals which is to them the fullest liberty Of
thought speech and movement under the restrictions
OF obligatory education and compulsory labor. NJ
Cohen does not believe that repressive laws viii ste
this wild, subversve movement, but that good laws
might disarm it by satisfying all bat the ingrained
revolutioniss On the other hand he does not think
that it is likely to seek to vndicate its preten
sions by general armed revolt. Its forces are too
scattered and the government is too strong. Mean
while it goes growing in the dark as it did in the
light nursing its wrath" and waiting The portion
Of the work ably analyzing German civilization we
have no space at present to examine. A translation
Of NJ Cohen's work would find many readers in
America.
. HISTORY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE"
Professor Moses Colt Tyler has published, through
G. z. Putnam Sons, the first two volumes of what
we have reason to believe win prove exhaustive
History OF American Literature" The volumes be-
fore us cover period extending from 1907 to 1865.
In them Professor Tyler has not undertaken to give
an indiscriminate dictionary Of all Americans who
ever wrote anything or q complete photographed
account all American books that written
1t IL literary history only that he has undertaken
to give To accomplish this task he has spared no
pa ns, and assured that he has endcavored TO
examine the entire mass American writings during
the colonial time. far they exist in the pub
lie and private libraries Of this country, and he says
In the exercise Of most anxious judgment and a
desire for completeness that has not grown weary
even under physical fatigue. have tried in these vol
umes to make an appropriate mention Of every one
of our early authors whose writings. whether many
few. have any appreciablc literary merit
or throw any helpful light upon the evou-
ton Of thought and of style in Amer
lea during those fourishing and Indispensable
days" The extracts from these early authors are
copious and bring together, in two convenient vol
umcs matter that one would have to search the ar
chivcs Of many States to find.
To that redoutabc soldier. sailor. diplomatst, cour
tier anil advcnturcr Captain John Smith. belongs the
honor of having been the writer of the first book in
American literature. The first OF his books, "A True
Relation of Virginia, gives simple and picturesque
account OF the stirring events. the most of which
he was the central figure The first edition OF this
volume was published in London in lG0s. II is
worthy OF remark that almost the earliest note of
American literature is note of "Reminiscences.
Though the virginians were of the same stock
and speech the founders Of New England, in
ideas they were very different. The founders of
Virginia settled in detached establishments; they
brought With them the memory of the English lord
seated proudly in his own castle. The founders Of
New England settled in groups of families. forming
villages and cities from which it resulted that among
them there was constant play of mind upon mind.
Now we come to literature in New England. fruit
fui subject which the bulk Of the present volumes
il. devoted The proportion of learned in
New England in those early days was extraordinary.
Professor Tyler thinks Il probable that between tho
years 1880 and 1850 there in New England as
many graduates Of Cambridge and Oxford as could be
found in any population of similar in tho mother
country. Among the clergy there were John Cotton,
John Davenport. Richard Mather. Eliot Norton,
Hooker, Roger Williams. Stone Bulklcy. Nathaniel
Ward. Thomas Sheppard. Dunster and Chauncy.