davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
LOCAL MATTERS.

TIE CHESAPEAKE AND ONO RAILWAY
PROCEEDS OF THE LATE SALE TO BE DIsTRI-
BUTED.--In the Circuit Court of this city
yesterday an order was entered by Judge
Wexford directing the distribution OF $780,
712. 10 out of the cash proceeds OF the sale
Of the Chesapeake aud Ohio railroad among
the parties entitled to the interest on the
indebtedness of the Virginia Central Rail-
road Company, which, rs IT will be remem-
'bered, lis the first lien upon the property
formerly belonging to the Chesapeake and
Ohio Railroad Company. In this dis
tribution the Court had due regard
to the priority Of the various classes
Of the Virginia Central railroad indebt-
edness among themselves, and also it had
due regard to the fact that the coupons at
tached to certain Of the said bonds had been
allowed interest thereon, while the interest
upon the registered bonds had not been al
lowed from the date OF the various semi
annual defaults. Accordingly the Court
dccreed that interest in full should be paid
on the registered bonds, and that the resi-
due OF the cash under the control OF the
Court, applicable to the payment OF the
past-due interest, should be appropriated TO
overdue coupons as far as it would 60,
which will be to take up and extinguish all
past-due coupons on the second mortgage
up to and including the lnstalments falling
due on the 1st of January, 1876. The order,
or decree, was a very lengthy document,
numbering about seventeen. pages.
There were present in court representa-
tiyes Of all classes Of the Virginia Central
Indebtedness. and no objection was made
to the decree. The money will be distri-
buted within q very short time, the Court
having fixed the 22d instant as the time
beyond which it can't be postponed. Notice
will be published at once designating the
mode OF application by the parties entitled
to receive the same.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

MORTrARY REPORT. following is the
mortuary report for the week ending July
9th, compiled from sections returns re-
ceived at the Office OF the Board OF Health:
Cause Of Death: Aptha, white; cancer,
l white; ccrebro-splnal meningitis. white;
cholera-infantum. | white, l colored-to-
tai, 2; consumption, 2 white, color
ed-total, s.; convulSions (infantllc), l
colored; debility, l colored; diarrh9a,
colored; drowning, l colored; dys-
entery 1 white; fever (scarlet), white, !
colored-total, 1; heart-disease, , white,
colored-total, 8; inanition, l white; ma
rasmus, l colored; meningitis, colored;
old age, colored; paralysis, white; I'm.
known, colored. Whole number or
deaths in the city, exclusive OF still-bIrths,
81. StII-Births: White male, 1; white fe-
male /; colored male. l colored female, L
total, 4. Sea and Color: Males, ) white,
8 colored-total, 13; females, 8 white, D
colored-total, II. Age: One day to thirty,
l white; one month to six, white; six
months to twelve, 9 white, colored-total,
8; one year to three, white, 8 colored-
total, 5; three years to five, 3 white, 2 col
ored-total, 4 five years to ten. colored;
twenty years to thirty, white, colored-
total, 2; thirty years to forty, white,
colored-total, 8; forty years to fifty, l
colored; fifty years to sixty, white, l
colored-total, 3; sixty years to seventy, L
white, colored-total, 2: eighty years to
ninety, l colored. Condition: Single, l0
white, s colored-total, is; married, 4
white, colored-total, 5; widower, l COL
ored widows, colored; unknown, l COL
ored. Nativity: Richmond, IS; other parts
Of the United States, 6; Germany, l; Ire
3coored- total, /; Jefferson Ward, 4 white,
colored-total, 7; Madison Ward, 3 white,
l coIored-total, 4; Monroe Ward, white,
colored-total, 7; Clay Ward, colored;
Jackson Ward, white, colored-total, 4.
COMPARATIVE WEEKLY MORTALITY.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

BURNING SMOEE.-We witnessed on Sat-
urday the operation OF contriyance for
consuming smoke, which has been attached
to the furnace OF the tow.boat e. W. Horn
brook. The principle upon which it ope-
rates is that OF the steam syphon. Hollow
T-heads OF one and q half-inch gas-pipe are
inserted at intervals of foot in the fire
front, barely passing through the metal. A
line OF hali-inch pipe connected with the
boilers passes along the T-heads, and into
each OF them jet pipe, the hole in which
is about an eighth OF an inch in diameter.
These Jets are connected with the line of
steam pipe. When steam in the boilers is
raised to working capacity a valve is
opened and steam injected. This creates a
very powerfus current Of air through
the T.heads and above the fuel in
the furnace, completely oxidizing the ris-
ing smoke and causing it to be almost en-
tirely consumed. The fame Of the fire is
also driven far back under the boilers by
the powerful current Of air, thus applying
the heat to a much greater surface OF the
boiler and generating steam very rapidly.
Mr.. Hornbrook seemed to be much pleased
with the experiment. To show US the
operation in full, the steam was turned Oh
and fresh fuel was thrown into the fur
nance. Immense clouds OF smoke rolled
out OF the chimneys in the usual manner.
Steam was then turned on, and in half a
minute the smoke was reduced to mini
mum, scarcely any being visible. Mr.. Horn
brook informed us that he can now use sue
cessiully very Indifferent kind OF slack,
whereas heretofore nothing but good coal
would answer. - Wheeling Intelligencer, Sth.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
why COnkling Staid at Home.
rAra,y vnrI. World I


Shortly after the fall of Fort Sumter
meeting to raise volunteers was held at
Utica. Congressman Conkling was present,
full OF oratory for the coming struggle, and
his periods gIowed like hot shot; SO he soon
had all the farmers blazing like the fiery
pow OF witness Anderson: One after an
other they arose, pledging sons or grand
sons to the good cause. Mr.. Conkling seemed
to be acting as sort Of inspired auctioneer.
:" Are there any more ~ Then arose Mr..
Rutgers B. Miller, into whose family the
orator had married, 81, too," said that
Democratic wag, with avery solemn coun-
tenance, sI, too, have an offering to make
on the altar of my country. Like so many
OF these aged patriots before me. | cannot
go myself, and regret it, but l also have
substitute. There is no. son or grandson /
can dedicate, but-but freely offer my
brother.in-law, Mr.. Roscoe Conkling, to
the great emergency. Take him" but
the peroration was lost in an earthquake OF
laughter. But for this ill-natured speech,
who can doubt that Mr.. Conkling would
have gone to the war and become as distin-
guished as General Butler or General Gar
field? Rs55 t.i75I ,sr.s
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
A New Applicant for Admission.
THE WASHINGTON TERRITORY CONVENTION.

THE WASHlNGTON TERRllUbf CoSfENIloN.
The San Francisco Bulletin OF June 29th
says: Washington Territory is desirous
OF being admitted into the sisterhood Of
States. So far rs area and resources are
concerned, 1t possesses the requisites for the
recognition OF its request. The only thing
lacking is population. There has been O
large immigration into the Territory during
the past two or three years. 1t still falls
short of the 124,000, the number upon
which representation in the lower house OF
Congress is based. The people are, however,
preparing for the future, so as to be ready
with a constitution when the formal appll-
cation for admission is made. The Territory
already far outstrips Nevada in population,
and two or three years, at the most, will find
it with population considerably more than
100,0 900. 1t possesses all the elements for
great Commonwealth, and in the course OF
a few years it will become one OF the most
prosperous divisions OF the Pacific coast. Il
abounds in timber, coal, iron, and ether like
sources OF wealth. 1t has a large area OF till
able land. It's rolling prairies at present at
ford pasturage for large herds OF stock.
There is more Government land open to
preGmption in Washington Territory than
elsewhere on the Pacific coast. 1t is, there
fore, one OF the most inviting fields for inn
migration in the Union. The last session OF
the Territorial Legislature made provision
for calling a constitutional convention.
The election was held q few weeks ago, and,
although considerable apathy was evinced by
the people, The delegates were elected. AS in
California on the 10Th instant, the farmers
did not turn out, and but little over half the
usual vote was polled. The delegates then
elected are now holding convention and
preparing a constitution. Up to Saturday
last nothing had been done beyond CLASH
fcation Of articles and the appointment OF
committee to consider the same. Two ques-
tions have, however, been mooted, which
are certain to cause considerable discussion.
The first is omitting the word male from
the clause confirming the franchise. The
second is limiting the amount OF land which
any one person may hold. The woman
suffragists are busy with petitions in sup
port OF the former. A brief discussion is
going on in the newspapers over the lard
problem. One member has promised to in
troduce clause containing the restriction,
and two other delegates have pledged them
selves to its support"
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10


SUING FOR THE CosT OF ENTERTAINING
GgAST.-A rule was obtained in the Court
OF Queens Bench calling upon the Corpo-
ration of Sunderland to show, cause why
the money expended for; the; entertainment
of General Grant in September last should
not be paid by the individual members OF
the corporation. It appeared that General
Grant had received an invitation from. the
Mayor to attend the opening of the Free
Library there, and it was sought to charge
the expense OF the reception on the rate
payers. This was objected to by one OF the
rate-paye yers, and the result was Q rule calling
upon the corporation to show cause why
the expenses should be charged upon the
rates.
The Court held. that unless the corporation
had corporate property independent OF the
rates they could not charge this expense
upon the rate-payers, and therefore the
members OF the corporation who entertained
General Grant would have to pay the cest
incurred. = English paper.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

POLICE COURT, TUEsDAY-Police- Justice
White presiding. The following cases were
disposed Of
Sarah johnson and William Esg'eston,
charged with the violation OF the city Or
dinance by their minor children in throw
ing rocks on the streets. johnson was
fined 81. Egsleston was discharged.
William Klnnie, charged with keeping a
hog on his premises in the city without Il
permit from the proper authorities. Fined
80.
Samuel II. Jones, charged with removing
night soil from premises No. sos Twenty
seventh street, and burying contents on his
premises. Fined $3.50.
William F. Cullngworth, John Mettart,
James Baughan, William Lambert, R. Nc
CalIister, and Fred. Rock, charged with
disorderIy conduct. Fined IS each.
Martha Johnson, charged with being
drunk and disorderly on the premises OF
John Kahn. Fined 81.
Martin Shinault, charged with stealing
sixteen chickens, valued at S2.SS, the pro-
perty OF Joseph Robinson. Convicted and
sentenced to receive fifteen stripes. Appeal
taken to Hastings Court, and bail allowed
in 5000.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
The Colony of Embezzaers In Canada.

fCleyeland Herald, July
The necessity OF revision OF the eXtradi-
ton treaty between this country and Great
Britain has never been more clearly appa-
rent than now. Directly across the lake
from this city are couple OF Ohio scoun-
drels who have betrayed their trust, robbed
their friends, plundered the people, and
who are as safe in the open enjoyment OF
their booty, as if stealing was the duty i'm
posed on every good citizen, and honesty a
capital crime. Zeller, the absconding trea-
srier OF Tifin, made his way with his plum
der to London, across the lake, where he
and his family are living in comfort on the
proceeds of his robbery Of the peoples
money. Fesler, the Stark-county treasury
thief, is at the same house, going about his
business as quietly and as safe from moles-
tation rs il he had never fingered dollar
dishonesty gained. The sublime impu-
dence Of the latter, thief is unmatched.
With two bags of stolen grecnbacks he went
openly to the two leading banks, inquired
of the officers as to the soundness OF their
respective institutions-possibly suspectlnG
the honesty OF the. cashiers-and deposited
$4,000 in one bank and $4,000 in the other,
subject to three months call, on which he
will draw 6 per cent. per annum. The
thief cannot be touched, or dollar OF the
money recovered for the owners.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
AUCTION SALES THIS DAY.

ss- On all sGkeS Of Es1t EStdrs mcds besDe>I
tbe st nj J0uuury and last Of J,.Sr tn, t"L.SfSi
the present year huve tn is paid ~ ne p,erchasr
On ali sniee ninit between the lst nj Jftg on0 ia"f
of the near the turts hare 10 be pGtd by hs Sr1ttf
lThis custom was adopted about fifteen years age
bv ali the real estate agents in Richmond ana ap'
Mics to Richmond and sicinityI
CHAFFIN, STAPLES & CO., 12 NJ. lot No. 11lt
bIain street. occupied by Charles Euker; 10. cor
uer Of Bank aud Twelfth stress; tenement NO
%. corner OF Governor and Thirteenth streets
tenement 10. 1414 east Main street; tcneinens
No. l442 east Main street.
W. C. MOSCURE, crIer. II 4. NJ. at the farm o.
Captain c. f. Ashburner, lot or thoroaGnoreo
sows shoats and pigs, buggy mare sop-DuskS
&C. ...s.
JAMES NJ. TAYLOR & son. l +. W.. three brlcs
stores and dwellings, Nos. II. I, ana 10 foer-
teenth street, between Main and FranKiin.
r. S. ANDERSON & son, l A. NJ, Franklin near
Seventeenth street, lumber.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

EXCURSION OF THE ATLANTA CADETS
Messrs. James C. Hunter and Thomas Eg-
geston arrived here yesterday as audnt-
guardes to perfect arrangements for the en-
tertainment OF the Atlanta (Ga.) Cadets,
who are expected to reach this city Thurs
day next. Four companies OF the First
Virginia regiment will meet the Georgia
soldiers at the Richmond and DanviIle rail
road depot and escort them to the Regi-
mental Armory. The Cadets will muster
forty-tiye men on the excursion, and will
be accompanied by one hundred or more
citizens from Atlanta. They will remain
here several days, and thea proceed to the
Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, their
objective point. This crack Georgia COM
pany is to be the guest OF Company G.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
We WEEKLY MORTALITY,
WtEh EHNIVy-"O
July 8, Julv7, June 29, July 9,
1876. 1877. 1878. 1873.
w. G. W. G.. W. c. W. &.
....2l "a 32 81 % IA II 13
.,.. ] q l ( D . 2 2

Whole number OF deaths for the month
of June, 137-white, 6S; colored, 60.
Whole number Of deaths for six months
ending June 30th, GS7-being e. less than
for the corresponding period Of 1877.
clean temperature for the week ending
June Goth, 500 2S/; mean temperature for
the week ending July 9Th, $40 IA.
Amount Of rainfall for week ending
June Goth, 0.4S inches; amount OF rainfall
for week ending July 9th, 600 inches.
Population of city estimated at 10000
white, $1,000; colored, 33,700. Rate Of
mortality OF whole population was I'LL per
1000 per annum; rate Of mortality Of white
population was 1902 per 1000 per annum;
rate OF mortality Of colored population was
20.05 per 1000 per annum.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
The SutrO Tunnel.
IT'S APPROACHING C0APLETION-BRIEF !
VIEW OF IFS HISTORY.
From the Virginia (Nev.) Chronicle

VIEW OF Irs HISTORY.
From the Virginia (Nev.) Chronicle.l
Ground was broken for the Sutro tunnel
on the 10Th of October, 1869. The work
has therefore required eight years, eight
months, and ten days to complete. The
progress was very slow at first, all drilling
having been by hand; but in the spring OF
1874, experiments with Burleigh drill
having demonstrated the advantages to be
derived from the use OF that machine, a
carriage capable OF supporting six Of those
drills while at work was made, and on the
22d day OF June, 1874, four were started.
The progress was now much more
rapid than ever before in the history
of tunnelling in the world, and on
August 7th, in the same year, two
more drills were put to work. This
made six altogether. From that date the
average progress was over 800 feet per
month up to April, 1877, when, the header
having entered the broad Comstock mineral
belt, the heat became so intense that two
drills had to be taken off the carriage.
From that day the average monthly progress
did not exceed 250 feet. Work has been
continued uninterruptedly from the time
that ground was broken until to-day, but
at times only two men were at work in the
tunnel. The greatest progress was in De-
cember, 1915, when the heading was ad-
yanced All feet, and the least in October,
1870, when it was only advanced 10 feet.
The total length Of the tunnel, as stated in
the official chart published last September,
is 2O,170 feet. The tunnel being connected
with the Comstock workings, the next move
of Mr.. Sutro will doubtless be to start north
and south drifts to connect with all the
mines on the lode. The work has cost near
~ 81, ,000,0
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
MANCHESTER AND VICINITY.

annual Celebration.-The colored Sons
Of Temperance Of this city and Richmond
celebrated their eleventh anniversary on
Monday by a street-parade and dinner at
Chesterfield Park, near this city. Addresses
were delivered by Martin a. Harris and
Rev. A. Binsa, Jr., OF this city; Rev. John
Derry. OF London, Eng, and others.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

ESCAPED CoSyICTs REARREsTED.-Aleck
Mel and Stephen Foster, the two negro
conyicts who escaped from the guard while
at work upon the public roads in HeDrico
county on the 22d May. were recently re-
on Hog Island, James river, and
have been returned to the penitentiary.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

The Supreme Court OF Louisiana the other
day opened with the same formality pre-
scribed by the Chief Justice last year, and
then used for the first time. At the usual
hour the sheriffs and clerks attended the
Judges at their lodgings, and all walked
thence in procession to the courthouse.
The lawyers rose as the judges entered, and
each bowed TO each other, 49,
Let's hear from the man who hoes Ten
acres OK corn reg dey.- QsiroH Free Prsss.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

APPOINTMENT IN THE STATE LIBRARY
Colonel Sherwin McRae, who will be assist
ted by his son, Wallace McRae, Esq, has
been appointed to I'll the vacancy in the
Office OF the Secretary of the Commonwealth
created by the death OF DIR. William f.
Biuford,
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
yopDAS EOCKBRIDGE ALUM
y SPRINGS. EoCKBRIDGE COUNTY. VA.

,r,,o ,o,,yh,f,, Sprincs are eight miles from
1h.mcn Ienot. on the Chesapeake and ONO rail-
Tnsd. from which point elegant coaches run rega- a
ary over good road through DeansuI anu nn,,rev
,nw and embrace all the modern conyeDiehces LOT
the most comfortable aceommodations; Inc pnam nr,n-
paiilpmom. &C contains upwards Of one hundred
cnambcrs. all newly Furnished with gas and s!es,re
bells i'm each che only summer resort IN rsnn
,~h;cb has) There are also superb eoftaSe accom-
rooaaiions. PoSt-anl ircgrapll-otecs jn tbc no.e.
Two daily mails from all points In ADDITION 10 ,i tsle
nnwn 10 spcialIy refer to, there Is on the grouna
one oi the strongest aud best Chalybcate springs III
The country. which Is direct ana potoerJat to"tc
FOR further particulars, terms. &c. addreSs oy
letter JosEf =! ~. mCt ~ ,ha S,r;nvs
0i-anf Manager at the SIriHkS.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

PALATE AND MACT.-If You would have your
biscuits bread rolls, corn bread cake-in short, all
articles prepared from flour, thoroughly enjoyable
and digestbIc, use DOoLEY'S YEAST POWDER
which is not only free from adutcration, but whole
some, and makes food very nutritious. This Baking
Powder Is used by the most eminent chemists and
physicians. Buy 1t only In cans, never loose or In
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
CALISTIIENICS.

MISS ANNA II. POWERS will resume
lHI her general class in CALISTHENICS for
young ladies, girls, and small boys, OCTOBER ],
1878.
TERMS SO per session Of seven months: sc per
haif session: payable Invariably in advance.
Place and hour made known hereafter. Apply at
GIL west Cary street. jc 26-eOd9wk
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

RELIEF AT LAST from Choleri-Infantum and
Summer Complaints. DIR. MoFFETT'S TEETHINA
(Tcclhing Powders) regulates the Bowels and makes
Teething easy, heals Erupiions and Sores, removes
and prevents tie formation Of Worms IN children.
No mother should be without 1t. Il. W. POWERS
Co. Richmond, and all druggists, kecplt
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

Picnic TO-DAY.-There will be a pic
mic at Blenner's Park to-day for the benefit
of the proposed Hebrew Orphan Asylum.
The picnic is given by the Hebrew Ladies'
Benevolent Association-Mrs. E. Holzinger
president
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

LETTER-C CARRIERS WoRK.-The following
is the Richmond letter-carriers' work for
June: Registered letters delivered, 962;
mail letters delivered, 97,5S2; mail cards
delivered, 23,7S5; drop letters delivered,
S,OS2; drop cards delivered, 1872; letters
collected, 54,sS7; drop letters collected,
4,343; cards collected, 20,022; papers, &C.,
collected, SOFT.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

TAKEN sICK.-About IL O'Clock yesterday
morning William Kumbring was taken very
sick near the corner Of First and Marshall
streets. He was taken to his home, on
Jackson street, in the city ambulance.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

I have aualyzcd the whiskey known under the
brand of "B-SELECT,' controlled by Messrs. WAL
TER d. BLAIR 4 Co., Richmond, Va, aud 1hd 1t
FREE FROM FCsIL OIL and other impurities anu
recommend It's Use for medicinal and family pur.
poses, j. Il. MCCAw. M. D.,
lite Professor of Chemistry,
Medical College Of Virginia.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

Observation-Disclosures Shinault, who was
convicted in the Police Court OF stealing
fifteen chickens and sentenced to fifteen
lashes, and who appealed to the Hastings
Court, was tried yesterday in that court and
acquitted.
The Lipscomb cases will be tried to-day
in the Hastings Court.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

SAVE MONEY by having your printing done atthe
DISPATCH PRIETlSG-itoUsE. Good WORK, low
rrices, and satisfaction guaranteed.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
READ AND REFLECT.
July 9TH.
READ AND REFLECT.

JULY 9TH.
READ AND REFLECT.
READ AND REFLECT.
On and after this date we have reduced
our prices OH all
CASHMERE SUITS
10 per cent. We do this In preference to
carrying them over another season.
Convince yourself BY calling on
A. SAKS & Co.,
1913 Main street.
READ AND REFLECT.
READ AND REFLECT.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10
A UGUSTA FEMALE SEMINARY,
STAUNT0N, VA.

The largest tirst.ciass institution for YOUNG La
DIES In Virginia, with an able corps of twenty-five
teachers. Opens on the FIRST WEDNESDAY IN
SEPTEMBER, 1878. and closes on the first We'd
nesday In June, 1879.
For catalogues containing full particulars address
MISS MARY j. BALDWIN, Principal.
Jc 26-2m StauntoD, Va.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-07-10

GLOW ExQUIsITELYwHITEI YOUR HANDS ARE
GEORGE my dear Carrie, always use >. u f.
ATK1SsoN's Almond Meal aftcrsewng orexposnre
to the SUM-