Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1878-02-22

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any Pope or state religion soon began in ear
nest. After long succession of fruitless con-
cessions and vain resistanc,s by the Pope the
Roman constituent assembly in February,
lSi9, declared a republic inaugurated and the
Pope deposed from his temporal authority.
Plus Ninth protested and called upon the
Catholic powers, particularly France, Spain,
Austria and Naples for armed resistance This
demand was responded to, and in July of that
year Rome capitulated and in the following
April the Pope re-entered Rome, from which
n year ard half before he had fed TO Gaeta
disguised as priest. Up to the time Of the
final downfall Of Napoleon III. at Sedan,
Rome was garrisoned for the Pope with
French troops but after that event Italy be-
came n single nation under Victor Emanuel,
with its capital at Rome and from that time
forth the temporal authority of the Pope was
ended, since that period the Pope has lived in
seclusion at the Vatican. refusing to take part
in tho grand religious ceremonies which for
mery attracted so many thousands of visitors
to the Eternal City, and declining to enter in
TO any compact with the Italian government.
The famous ecclesiastical acts of Plus Ninth
were his proclamation of the dogmas Of the
immaculate conception, and of his own infal-
libility ON matters of faith, the latter accept
ed by the famous ccumenical council of 1870
Throughout the world the Catholic church
has made great progress in wealth and num-
bcrs, not SO much by conversions rs by un-
checked growth, and some notable accessions
have been made, particularly in England.
Personally, the Pope was man of pure
and msulied character. To personal charac-
teristics which charmed and won the admira-
ton and liking Of all who approached him. he
added qualities of sincerity, determination
and courage, TO which the most positive Of
1.,,N
struggle TO preserve his temporal power was
vain, but it was unyieldng, persistent, and to
the last undismayed. He lived to serve the
Church which he so vigorously governed (:
and il he seemed to be perpetually striving to
force back the irresistible current of events it
must be conceded that it was Mt least an effort
prompted by the profoundest sense Of duty,
and the most rooted conviction that he was
the champion of truth. The simple frugality
Of his life, the unostentatious dignity of his
bearing. the kindliness of his voice and man
nor, have often been remarked by those who
were most opposed 10 his temporal and spir-
itual supremacy; while his own spiritual sub
jects. the world over. have accorded him a
yeneration which was excited no less by his
personal virtues than by his great office.
HOW \ NEW POPE WILL BE CHOSEN.
When Pope dies nine days are given TO
devotional exercises, the funeral ceremonies
occurring on the ninth. and on the tenth day
the College Of Cardinals. or the Conclaye, as
it is called, assemblies at Rome for the cleo
tion Of a new Pope, and voting begins on the
eleventh Each cardinal is accompanied by
two or three walters called conclavists who
are sworn to secrecy like the cardinals: and
after the Conclaye has begun no coniuunca-
ton is supposed to be allowed with the out
side world until Pope is chosen from the
list Of cardinals by two-thirls vote. The
place of meeting is that part OF the Vatican
Immediately adjoining and intending both the
Si,tine and Pauline ohapel~. with three courts
aud the adjoining apartments From then
separate cells, into which they are locked
every night the cardinals come together
twice every day to vote, till choice is made
In order to insure the secrecy of the ballot,
papers Of uniform size. texture and color are
distributed to the cardinals: and they are
folded in such manner that the part on
which each clectOr writes his own name can.
not be opened. while that on which he in
scribcs the name OF his candidate can. The
| ticket is then folded. closed with sealing-wax
and stamped with the seal of the Conclave
| The votes are taken with great formality. ant
| the votes of those cardinals who are detaineC {
| in their cells by sickness or otherwise ar,
| taken by special messengers As soon rs
| two-thirds yoir is obtained. the fact is an
nomc-d. If the cardinal elected accepts Ii,
| Immediately announces the name by which
lie wishes to be known, aud receives the frs
homage of all present He is next clad in IL,
yestments and insignia of his Office and re
| ceycs homage a second time. Thereupor
the first in order OF the cardinal deacons, pre-
| ceded 10y cross-baarrr goes to a balcony il
| the Vatican, and proclaims the name of til,
| new Pope