The Red Cloud chief., 1878-06-06

the fertility of the orchard may bs
brought up by Q gensrous application
of bsrn-ysrd manure. spread upon the
surfacs and turned under BY shallow
plowing. In the absence q SUFFICIENT
manure, then green crops. buckwheat
or clover may DO sown, 70 10 turned un-
dor with application Of lime o. ashes.
In pruaing . trce u should he done
with . definite object. II branches are
broken or are partly decayed. II the
heed 10 % crowded that light and ar
cannot enter; II limbs cross and chafe
one another; u the head II ons-sidsd.
or u for any other reason . removal of
. portion Of the top will be beneficial.
then . the w.
The preferable time for pruning 10
wheu severe weather II over, and before
vegetation has startsd. Use . pruning
saw or other narrow bladed saw. with
the teeth sst wide; smooth tho wounds
With . drawlng-knife. and then cover
Thorn with melted grafting-wAx or thick
paint.
Scrsping or washing the old bark Is
useful. II the tree produces indifferent
fruit, then. besides the renovation nj.
ready mentioned, II should be- grated
with some good sort, but Il will be- oi
little use 10 graft o than about one
third of the head each year, beginning
with the branches In the center of the
tree. The time Ii just a. tho buds be-
gin 10 swell.
Anew 1aInss sn laararuIng.
In sowing either vegetable or flower
Il sx.Uxvs NkAen Aeu axs.o luAVtnD e.AutstNn.
which must not be overlooked. The soil
should be In good condition. or sun.
GENTLY dry to be well pulverizcd, and
not left wet, to form clods. II Ia better
10 defer work some days than ~ DO nm.
noyed the whole nso with baked soil
or hard Jumps. Much depends on the
previous condition Of the grounds; II
old manurc and vegetable mold have
been fully applied and well mixed In,
they will tend 10 give . fine friable
soil.
In sowing tho seeds Of vegetables
three chief cautions must be attended
10; I. to have 4 fine. mellow soil; 2. Ia
cover shallow, and not too deep; and 3,
except for the hardest sort, 10 walt ill
tho soil In warm.
I. Tho Importance Of a finely pulver.
ixed soil In obvious.
2. The more shallow the covering,
provided the moist condition Of the
seed IL preserved. the sooner and more
certainly the seeds will come up. Seeds
must have three requisites for growth
Of air. moisture and warmth. II buri.
cd deep they cannot get air. As y gen.
oral rule they should never be covered
deeper than four or five times their di.
ameter. We have known seeds Of dif.
ferent kinds buried by ignorant garden.
ers four or five inches deep. when they
should not have been owe nm inch, oi
81 Inch and q half Mt tho most. They
were beyond the reach of air. and did
not come up; the scotsman was do.
nounced for fraud. In one instance
nelghbor had buried his beet seed fou,
or live inches deep. ~ no thought, with
ancc. TO his great disappointment. Tn,
remaining seeds from the anne packag,
were then covered m inch. and plant,
came up In thick ~profusion.
3, Hardy vegetables. like peas. ma,
DO planted m early ~ the soil will nd
miS. Tender sorts, a. beans and corn,
would rot II planted too early, and are
70 DO planted when the soil II warm,
Tho same precautions must DO observ'
ell with flower secds. Those which ARE
hardy, and which the frost will not Kill
easily In autumn, may bc put In earle,
than such ~ arc cut by frost.
Thorough drainage Il one Of tho most
important requisites for successful gar
dening. Wet feet will spoil any plant
Asparagus beds are sometimes Killed b,
water under tho surface. A cold, we,
subsoil cannot produce early or good
crops. -C0Gntry Gentleman.