The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-02-03
LOCAL DEBT AND TAXATION IN rNo-
LAND.

place, by the diminished power Of money, ana
in the second place, By the augmented burden,
imposed upon tho taxpayer In the shape ot
county, borough and parish rites. What ia thu
amount Of these taxes and debts which do not
figure in Parliamentary budget by what
agency nro such funds collected and to whit
purpose arc they applicable?
AT present the total annual product Of local
taxes In England and Wales alone is about $780,
100000. This supplemental impost Ia equivaeg
to more than one-third OF the sum cxnccd
by the State from tho whole United Kingdom
for imperial expenditure. Moreover. the NJ.
gregate Of tho county and municipal bonds now
reaches $500 900 200. that IL to say. nearly equals
seventh Of the national debt. These figures
would bc impressive enough II they merely
represented n fixed burden but II appears that
the weight OF local taxation is increased with
every year. Thus. In 1875 moro than $3.50 000.-
600 were at the disposal Of the local authorities
including some twenty millions derived. not
from rates. hut from fines and non classified
revenues. Moreover. the general Government
contributed upwards OF seven and half mil.
lions rs Its quota Of certain expenditures
Nevertheless in that year there was "a deficit of
more than twenty million dollars. which had 10
be provided for by adding to the local funded
debt Nor Is It easy to SEQ how n regular annual
uenciehcy cuh po "'o'"cu' S"No 'no "ciu una
scale oil disbursements are constantly enlarged.
while any attempt 10 raise inc existing rates 10
sure to meet with vehement resistance.
Local taxes In England are OF three kinds 70.
hitting either to counties. to parishes. boroughs.
and municipalities. or to those new territorial
divisions created by act OF Parliament. and
known as districts. or unions. Where tax
bears on whole county. II IL nNeu ana col
lecteo oy the 'us''ces vi 'no ,c"ce ~ quarter
sessions. otherwiso ny ,he purlsh OF municipal
hu'hornles' vi uhc o"Vc's vi sNcn union.
Inc prouuc' oi 'no COUNTY '"N, w"osc payment.
by the way may DE ehiorccd ny seizure and
SAFE IL turned over 10 "'rc"surer named ny tho
JUSTICES 10y curious "horhaly IN English
cus'oms' hei'hci .i'e "ue'''H MOI uic ucasurcr
whom 'hey appoint are "phgeu 10 render m
account Oh thcsc luhuS 10 tho rue payers. Snch
lrresponsloi" powers caii oin' I've eApiahedby
the iact ,iat the 'us'lccs oi 'hc reace are thcm.
selves the heaviest rate payers IN me county.
dil1erent system oil course wouid De necessary,
II the recent proposition 10 make inc justices
salaried officers should ever be carried out. As
REGARDS inc hppicauoh Oh county taxes, the
maintenance OF prisons ana insane asyums. Of
the county courts ana constabulary' are tho
principal opIccts'
Inc chiei pulwark OF sof-govcrnment re.
naming IN England is not the counties. where
Inn nat INE Int Al lA.
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| he tho os,nbI,shm.nt ~ hoards mora or las.
controlled Inv the central mower. II s,IlI directs
bowever within ,,s limits the nnnIcn,,on NJ ,hs
moor rate and highway rate nrovided 1, does
not form nnrt of some Union IA the nav terri
torial subdivision is called.