davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
A RAMPANT NEG N Ess.

Mr.. u. r. White and Mr.. ]. s. Meilleur The
former charged with interfering With Officer
Herman In the discharge Of his duty, and the
latter charged by one Laura Bell II negress ol
il-repute. with disturbing the pub 10 peace
were arraigned before Recorder smith, who
changed things materially by diseharging the
two accused and plaeing the officer under bonds
pn The affidavit Of Mr. Meileur., who charged
him with assault and battery aud false imprts-
on1nsnt md also the woman fqr like offsnse.
Mr.. Meillaur's 81 htement to d DEMOCRAT fepor-
ter was to the effect that between and o'clock.
while he was standing at the corner of Grayer
aud Carondelet streets with O. friend. q negreEs
him n the breast. He laced bis right hand on
same time .ast Ing her. What do YOU moan2'
she then seized hold Of his left hand with both
Of hers and putting his thumb In her mouth
se A he drew back to strike her sop,e one orted
OUT, Don't strike hsr, she is q woman phe
no other alternative but to strike .har. After
dealing the blow she made a second attaek on
him when some pnrties who, were rRBFent IN
se,ere ne ,Sh whs sn aE Eezga @ by A m o
until The man bad released his hold on him that
Mr. Mellleur learned that the man wins Nh on
Both MIR. White and Mr.. Meilleur feel very
much aggreved at being, as they consider,
S sy TSns1 w hqnasd by By % hG oee n b1s esd
says there was o disturbance OF the pBaos aud
thht he did no more than his duty that when
he attempted to arrest the accused large
to him that they intended 70 rescue tho prisoner
and that he was determined to do bis duty.
He sa,s. t1at the gentlemen consider. when he
placed bis hands on lhem that he committed an
assault and battery on hem, but II is d CUSTOM
Hry thing for an officer to place his hands on q
man when hs makes him prisoner,
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
THE COsEMEIgCEAL CONVENTION.

On Monday. at noon, the executive committee
Of tho committee Of arrangements for the COM
merciai convention. the holding OF which mas
been flxed for the third Of December next, VII
meet at The Cotton Exchange. The object OF tho
meeting ID to consider q proposition to post
mana the meeting OF the convention to some day
In january.
II IL understood thht there are two sides to
The question. those In fevor,9f postponeme.,ntt = 1
q preventing many dg1Ra.es It 1rom pgn ,b;
throughout the world it is. wei! known thAt
yellow fever does not prevail herg Ia December per,
to every point In the commelcihl World. q
change Of date might entail great lnconve,
nience on the part of delegates from abroad
who may aiready be on the way. with the IN.
derstanding that the convention is to meet on
| the appointed day. ~
B~silea, it, Is deemed of the utmost import
| ance that the conclusions Of the cpnVentiof
ghnll be laid before congress- ut the begin
Ing of its next session and ia time to be IN
cluded among that class Of bus moss to be par
ticularly considered by that body.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
WALLACE a. GARY.

There ID no house In this country. probably.
that enjoys 50 wide and comprehensive d field
Of patronage and popularity aH does this ezten-
Give wholesale dry goods house. The members
Of this firm are gentlemen we'll known III this
community for their integrity. business oapac-
ity and broad. liberal views. The junior mem
bsr Of the firm. Mr.. G.. w Gary. is Virginian.
and has acquired an exalted position IN this
community, socially and commercially. His ur-
bane and concii iatory manner. and the serupu.
louB and exact honesty that marks his dealings
largely enhance. the patronage Of this great
estahl hment. In another column Of this pa
per Mesars. Wallace. Cary % 90. announce that,
having delayed the purchase Of their winter
stock owing TO the epidemic, now the seourge
having disappeared. they are receiving vast
amount OF the best goods In their line suitable
tu the Southern market. which. as their Gus ofu,
shey are Offering on the most favorable terms,
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
! OUR SANITARY CONDITION.
sTHaE CITY sAFE Now ANHb ALL gAN
RETURN FHEME WITHOUT nANsaEBs.

correspondence Between s10v. Nichols
ana Epr. ChOppin. President ef tine
beard Df EseRstass 0n tEAfs subject.
THE following correspondence between Gov
Frank r.. Nichols and DR.. Samuel Chopin
President Of the Board Of Health, was eK-
changed yesterday. As will be seen DIR. Chop
pin III of the opinion that the sanitary condi-
tlon OF our city Ia such now that parties may
return here with perfect safety;
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. J
state Of Louisiana. |
New Orleans. November .. 1873.
Dr. Samuel Chopin, President Of the Board OF
Health:
Ghs-In view of the great Importance tg tho
commercial and general interests OF our state
of raising the restrictions upon free and com
Ylets intsfeourse between the city Of New Or
5snns and interior points and Of ths probable
influence against such immediate action RESULT
Ing from M imperfect knowledge Uf tho sani-
fttry condition In this city. would urge vol,
soon as posBlbls TO make further proela-
nation us to what that condition
Id aH affecting tho danger or alb.
seuae of danger from. free aud full Inter
course With tho city Of New Orleans; or In the
event OF being unable to have immediate action
of your board In this matter, would be etpleased
to have nm expression OF your views thereon as
carly as possible to regulate sueh official action
as may be authorized to take Ia the premises.
very ffGR1sfN'o5nits'yff fH1Nois 4 T. NICHOLAS, Governor.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
TIE PREMIUM BONDS.
QUIZ INCOMING MUNICIPAL OFFICERS
AND THEIR FINANCIAL HpEAss

There being a1oat yesterday runor TO tue
effect that 1t was the intention Of the incoming
municipal officers to take legal steps In oraet
to prevent the levying Under the wbadgst the
tax TO pay the premium boud interest q report
or Of the DEMOCRAT called upon as many ol
these gentlemen as he could find to question
them on The subject:
Col. Patton. being asked whether here was any
intention ON the part Of the incoming city admin
straton to enjoin the present ADMINISTRATION "a 2
from evying the tax on the new budget 70 pay
be Interest under the premium bond scheme,
answered that he had meyer heard OF thst u ~ :
tention. Il yvas, as he had learned, the policy OF
The new board. In reference to the FINANCIAL
question. to do oil Ii its power tg advance "a, 1ne
interests Of the people. and otlnE else. Ool.
Patton said that Of present u Vyas q no pse TO- TO-
express any ideas abont either the flnaf1elhi or
political course to = pursued by, the ineopin ng
government. because the, elected phrtins hhye
dot had time to consider. these questions, OF 80
yifai interest to the people Of Ney Orleans.
Messrs Washington Marks and A. H. lsaho-
son wsrs seen. and they stated that there was
DO truth il The assertion. and that the M Mayer W
and the incoming administrators Intended 10
make their own budget.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
THE PUBLIC HEALTH.

On the nineteenth instant. at Richmond, the
sixth annual meeting Of the American Public
Health Association will take place. at which
time will be gathered there, probably. as many
physicians as have met for many years. The
late Epidemic throughout the South has added
more than ordinary interest to the deliberations
Of the body, and the results to come from them
will be looked forward to with great curiosity:
The Yellow Fever Commission will then1, present
cd data. .,
Drs. S. Chopin and White will attend, and
probably several others Of the medical frater-
It is to be hoped that something Of the true
source and nature of the fever will be developed
during the convention.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
opENHNG OF THE CITY HOTEL.

To the many visitors who will doubtless tioek
to our city now that the fever has departed the
announcement made In another column OF the
re-opening of the City Hotel for the reception OF
guests will be hailed with much gratlhcation
Those two courteous gentlemen Messrs' MUM
ford & Watson have once more thrown bn9.I boeaL
banner to the breeze and their pppuiaI arie ot
tranaers " visiting the city 1t is unnecessary
to pay any eul gum to either 9f tne F5 o cater
Sn snlease every guest no matter WHO ne may pe; 6
+ i IN assured fact that the old City VII. as
always a " before. bethe rendezvous OF our straheeE
friends. mada in the building
dnripp The The summer for the comfort OF tas
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
EaUNECEpAL EaATFEHgs,
A. III asfHAssE,r

1t was rumored at the City Hall that the newly
elected Mayor and City Council would present
themselves at The City Hall on Monday to-mor-
row). to take possession OF their offices. The
rumor went 80 far az to say several Of the new
ly elected officials had already fled their bonds
lD the Beeond District Court.
The rumor. however, is not believed at the
CiIy Hall. because they say under the election
act .f iB77 the PRONUNCIATION Of the candidat E
elected cannot be made in time to Justify the
Bomebody nnswered to this that the Gswly
elected Connci|men claimed TINT the bet OF 1B7i
does not abrogate tho terms OF the city charter
relating to the time when they ahall take Jos
ence to the city charter showed, however that tht
incoming administrator. cannot take posses
tton which if his construction is correct. .woult
put off the occu patton until Monday, the eigh
tesnth instant, at the earliest.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
TINE ORLEANS ARTILLERY.
The EEectfgE 9s 0tsicers tautl Interesting
-M Haesmas

The regimentof Orleans Artillery met yestef.
day evening at the State arsenal to elect theil
field officers, which positions had been vacan
for the last six months and not filled Oh aecoun
Of the yellow fovar epidemic. The meeting
hail up stairs was elegantly decorated with the
flags and buntings OF different nationa. On The
right Of tho chairmans seat was the Louisiana
State flag. md on the left the beautiful silk tlae
that had been presented in May. 1861 by tht
ladies' Of the Second District to tha regiment
AT the head Of the stairs were The Ffench, Span
sh and American colorss emblematie of the
the compnntes In The regiment
Col. Williams. after the command had assem-
blsd. was called Y preside. md the following
tenant colonel Onesyne beBovehei, major.
had ' been e easd s e. o he ohar s K oapt Bamboa ID
the name of all the soldiers and officers Of the
command, H1luding to the past career Of Minor
Baehetnin during tho war1. and since tho war,
major as u token If the esteem Of the regiment.
I, striking likeness Of biz With the sentiment.
and honorable to the State hs In the past.
Col, ,Baehemin rose and answered the compll-
tnent In fitting terms.
Mr. Layton. Wash Marks. Esu,, Col: Owen. Ool,
j. b. Vinet. Capt, Peyroux, Dol. Williams and
others addressed The meeting In apppropriate
Letters from Col. Glynn. Msior Dc Beuehel
and Major Theard we're read' which showed e.
that those Eentleme@n,had ffom sgme .p anavotdn
Uapt. Seles. of the francs -Tireurs.' and
Capt. .L1ado and Capt. Puig. OF the 'Oazadore-
whom were Messrs. A Cologne .Mnloobee Du.
buisspn, Berte and Arnntte were present.
Capt. LessepB, Of Battery II. Orleans Artillery
tsappers and miners reglment). was also In the
room.
Much credit IL due to Anthony Miller, Of Bat
tory u, Fifth II gtnsnt Orleans Artillery. for
the mastery and artistic manner Ia which he
has drawn COL. Baebemlhs picture. Mr. An.
thony Miller. though quite young and not well
known In his line Of drawing and painting. has
shown himself to be q spnsntnm mate artist and n
man Of no mean talent in drawing that likeness
Of Dol. Bachenlin.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
POLICE HstbARm.

The Police Board met last evening Mt the Cen
trial Station. Mayor Piisbury in the chair and d
quorum present, .@............ -.
Officers II. Crane and i, Foynett. for sitting
down md sleeping on their beats. were repri-
mnnded. .,
Patro'mnn Barton. of the Fourth Precinct.
wns dropped from tho rolls.
patrolman Richard kerWin, for neglect OF
duty was feprimanded.
patrolman A. Guerin, for neglect Of duty, was
fined ono day's pay.
patrolman 4. j. Medd. for contracting debt
and Obtaining under false pretenseB board to
the amount ri s4g, md Offering In payment d
transfer Of time, made in tho month Of July
1878 tho same having been previously nego-
Y tiated and sold TO q broker. was dismissed the
force.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
CHEAP FUNERALS.

During the past ap'aomlo nothing IMPRESSED
tho ordinary observer more than the faet so's'
even Amongst tho poorer classes there was 9
desire to bury deceased relatives or friends win
NIL the pomp and show possible. In some cases s
where Che Howard Association had their doctors
and medicines were fnrnit he'd gratuitously. the
family. by some means or other, would pur-
chase extravagant eofflns. hire . snowy heartse
and bury their dead with the display OF mill
lionnire. The money expended ihus would g1
FAR 10 mitigate The suffering OF, widows and
orphans lett behind. There should DO chahRe
In nil
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
states In Debt and Out of Debt.
[Springfeld Republican,

Tt is Interesting to observe how the era Of
economy is reducing the State debts and
lengthening the list q States which bear no
as Med debtor States at all Then there are Cali
fornia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas Michigan, Ne,
braska. Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon and d
Vermont whose debts are either, very, small
funds. or are held in perpetual trust for
school purposes or State institutions; This
makes fifteen out of thirty-efght virtually out
Of debt. 70 this list may be added Mime
sofa and Mississippi il both IS States ate had rot
States s us" Massachusetts leads with a debt at
the beginning of this year Of s33, 100000, and
a sinking fund Of about 81, 100000, making. a
net debt Of over s22000,000. Pennsylvania
has a total debt Of about S23G00,0 900, which
sinking funds reduce to S14,000,00O. New
York has paid off all but her canal debt OF
So O0O, 900.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
PERSONAL.

It Is pleasant to SEQ on our streets again 3nr
friend MIR. Alex. Moses, so well and fhvoraDly
known in this part of tho country rs the insurr
ance Inspector Of the Board of Underwriters oi td
nhserve greatly improved In health by his sum-
mer's soiourn In hyperborean regions
We were pleased to meet upon our streets
again our young friend. the gallant captain o, os
the Yaudry Rifles Capt. A. E Morphy is the
son and partner OF our old and highly esteem
citizen and veteran anctioneer D. Morphy
and ia chip of the old block. full OF vim. enter
prise and integrity.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
RHjAsEgEyH VI SQUIRT.
In The following cases motions TO dismiss
HEha for -..

In the following cases motions to dismiss are
nxed for
MONDAY NOVEMBER tB. 1878!
No. 71C1 q. II. L1wrenoe b 90. vs. w. g. Herr"
mann, ct aI.. apusllantE, ,.
No. 1926 Mrs. Josephine Swan VS.. Mrs. Oath
crime Kramer. widow OF bernard Bler, aps
pellant. ... ,,,..s
No 7igg Justin Laoosts. appellant, Ys. Thos.
f. Handy. ct al.
No 7plG. Philip Werlein vs. Merchants Mu-
tttal Insurance Company. appellant.
Mo- 1886. Antoine Lanata, appellant, We. Ohass
Baybi.
NO. 7a4B, Amedes Testait appellant. ys, Hy-
polite Bslot. ct al. :.
No 1883 Joseph Maumus vs.. A. Y. Beynet. To-.
Mnndin and J M. M. DufJut, appellants.
No. 725t. j. u. Austin, receiver. vs. Noah Soos
Vile, OF alss appellants
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
FIRE I'm CAEgEgOLATON.
Several Houses HBestT0yet, Together WIN
n Church and am Engine HALL.

NE
n Church and am Engine Hall.
At a quarter past o'clock Friday evening
fire broke out in the one-story frame building
on HAMPTON greet, near Adam. Carrollton.
The property. which WAS owned by Conrad
Gross and occupied by Alber t Role as grocery
store n blacksmith shop and dwelling. were
totally destroyed. The building was valued ut
$1,000. Whether insured or not could not be as;
for si500 in the Tentonia Insurance Compan
Mr., Role also lost by the flames $500 in United
States currency.
The flames then communicated to the colored
thurch known as ST. Mathews Church and to-
tally destroyed It, ogeher with an adjoining
small building. The church and the building
were insured for $1,000 in the Tutonia Insur-
Ance Company.
The hall OF Friendship Fire Company No; 8. q
colored company, was next destroyed. Loss
$500; no insurance.
Henry Merits domicile. adjoining the fire
comL any was damaged to the amount OF S25.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
0FFtUE BOARD or HEALTH,
AtaEts nf I,otItainua
,--- --y BNHIE UE IIUEfEHEHHWt
New Orleans, November y, 1878.

no his ITxoellency. Gov. Francis Il. Nicholas.
git+@Tn reply to your communication Of even
sfafe, requesting my views as to the sanitary
condition Of tho city Of New Orleans, I will
Ing on Thursday the seventh instant. declared
'That Il was safe for absentees n t1 return TO TIE
city" Since the first Of November only two
III the Board of Health. the last occurring On
fhe fourth instant In my opinion, other ports.
SsitIsa aud nahd towns Will run no risk or dan
arer oF Infection iii having full and trso inter-
course with the city Of New Orleans.
With assurances Of my distiuguished ooneia-
GRAFTON, I remain very respectfully. your Obe-
dent servant, SAM. CHOPIN. NJ. D..
President Board or Health.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10

Figures! election flRuresl 1t is with them
just now that the Northern and Western news
them carefully f,r some prophetic hint Of the
result in 1880. Would you know our next Presl-
dent?. Get these Gapers from Staub a. the g cor Or
ali. from The North. the East and the West, Or.
If politics are tiresome and figures bore,
monthlies that cheer but don't Inebriate; the
cutiing cartoons Of Puck Harper's. the Chin
ney Corner Frank Lsslie and al the maga "a
st fashions. the latest celebrities OF Two
haIlisnherea
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
THE BOARD OF HEALTH.

The old cases are being recorded freely by
the physicians, and no new ones were recorded
yesterday.
The deaths from - m. Friday to II m. satur"
day are: :,
Louis Weiser, New Orleans. 3 years months,
Lyons and Tchoupi oulas.
nave Wilkinson. massachusetts, 80 years,
Milan and Tchoupitonlas.
Annie Il. Taylor, West Virginia. IT years. $50
Felicity.
Dr. j. P. Nelms. Italy. So years. Carrollton.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10

THE PALA1s RoYAL.-Judge John ?. BECKER;
proprietor of the "Palais Royal" NO. 50 hoyal
as one Of the best managers of saloons In New
Orleans The place No. se Royal street lnt has
tom. fixed up and arranged In such way that
no better place of resort for those wishing 70
enjoy a few hours innocent. recreation can be
found In New Orleans. Gall on the Judge and
instica will be done to you
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
DESTRUCTIVE FKRE I'M ASCENSION.

<On the eighth instant. between and o'clock
at night, the sugar-house on the Houma plan
tation, In Ascension parish. was totally de-
stroyed by fire. The cause of the confagration
Il mnknown and the overeeer. Mr.. W. a. Whit
aker was burnt to death whilst trying to save
the building. The sugar. house was fully coy. ~
n N Palmer 81 Co. OF Nos 93 and 95 Camp street.
Cant. Lesseps, of that firm. leaves to-day to In
x,astioata the cause OF the lire.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
OUR EsHFHIENT EN.

Now that the plague has left us. we expect TO
hear once more the sharp crack Of our amateur
rinemen's guns at tho several phrks. Riis-
shooting within the lust few years has become
mar erce1lauce the sport Of gentlemen and NO.
tional pustime. The Improvement 10 weapons 3
and ammunition has been very marked, anu
now nerfect accuracy Is nearly possible. Our
rife butts offer as good an opportunity to those
who desire practice as any In the country. ana
large augmentations may be expected 10 our
Iha
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
sEsCONn rgECORDEHg's COURT.

with betty larceny. was sent before the First
District Court On bonds OF $500
J. +. King. charged with assaulting and
wounding with n dangerous weapon was sept
hefOrs the Superior Criminal Court on bonds
Of $ihnn
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
Am EfufnpfHsFsmfp Accident e.

At haIf-past II o'clock yesterday. while boy
named Martin Weyser, eight years old and
common, corner Of Third and Fulton streets.
the little girl struck the boy In the head VIII y,
piece Of bottle iDfltcting a severe wound; Ine
wounded boy WAS taken home, where ne re-
celyed medical attention.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10

CENTRAL. SCHOOL Book ENpoR1UM.-,The pro-
prietor of this cosy establishment. Mr.. j.. ID.
Black. is a young man of remarkable enter- q,
the well known book establishment OF Il. j.
Harp where by strict attention to busln ess., he
not only won the confidence and esteem OF MS
employer but accumulated d vast amount OF
Knowledge of the book and stationery business.
and established himself In his present Location;
No. 14e Canal street. where We pope ne VIII
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
sEgoNsp EpzsvmgCw COUsgT.

SUBMISSIONS OPENED DuHIHa THE WHHK
], j. E3anehes. Joseph Matheoa ind Mary Mo.
eheca. his wifes Henry ii. Stanley. Joseph
Meeder,, Mrs. Lis7ls 4. Pond; wife :, of /, 5. . NJ
Pond: G. Malcolm hend1arson; ohas; =: brGWhn W.,
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10

guests, The recent improvements added, make
that hotel one Of the most safe, convenient and
delightful in the South.
Theif table needs no compliment. Their stew
ard draws upon the stores Of every city from
Portland. Me. to Galveston. and gams, nsh and
tbs Choicast meats are served GM Lhittttn.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
EXCESSIVE SAsAPLHNa1.

In the following letter. directed to one OF the
large I'm porters Of this city. Collector Smith has
taken q pc sition that will secure the approba-
tion of nil of our citizens who transact business
with The customs department. There Is egiti-
mate allowance made by importers for loss In
ehe handling Of merchandise. The excessive
sampling to which they have been subjected if
more than the law warrants Or the interests Of
the service demand. Our importers should aid
the Collector In the manner indicated In his let
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
EarDntsed Dead,

At ha1f-pagt II O'Clock Yesterday morning q
German uarned Jacob ZDllinger, aged fifty
years, died suddenly in the grocery corner OF
Delord and DryadeB 81 sreets.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10

Convenient alike to the business centre and
the best resident portion Of philadelphta Gt, and
conducted as model first class hotel, tne Coi-
nopularftV.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
Captured,

Catherine Denaple. who some months ago
attem pied to poison her husband. and who has
arrested m yesterday by Sergeant Rowley. She
was arraiened before Acting Recorder sambola,
who placed her under $1,000 bonds; John AS
tredo and Bartholomew Blandont became her
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
THE NEW ORLEANS DEMOCRAT SUNDAY NOVEMBER 10, 1878

on the twelfth instant. Tho matter Of tho North
ern Pacific and Bouthern Railroads VIII pc
brought under consideration and ais9 tne
American nurtss
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
VAupRY R1FLEs-Special meeting Monday.

Our readers will notice that DR.. Allen has ra-
moved from No; Il Baronne STREET to Nc 1870
ail dental operations In the most artistic man
ner and at the most moderate prices.
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
Con1.EcroR's OFFICE. CUSTOM HOUSE,
New Orleans, November Q, 1878.

Geatlemen-I have been informed Of your com, 81 m
imnorted hy YOU, al d that formal complaint
has been Withheld for fear that your facilities
for doing business at the Custom House would
be curtatled.
In reply you are informed that no greater
favor eau be conferred upon the Collector and
appraiser than by promptly reporting every in
stance of this kind You are assured that such
action shall not work your injury, nor impede
your facilities for the transaction OF business.
Very respectfully, ~rrr
The New Orleans daily Democrat., 1878-11-10
COMMERCIAL ENTERE REsTs.

commercial convention, having for Its aim
the discussion Of subjects involving grave
commercial interests. will be held in Chicago