davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-12-13

cEALED PROPOSALS will be received "a. ny
- the Office ~ the Board Education, cornrr OF Grau
until TU EsDAY the lth DAY OF DessmSs n a. ne
tnrisdrtion of Ia Board, stationery and othe an
yes TrGued Tor year. commencing on the lst Gay s
,ar IS5e civ amt country publishers OF looks aud
in tie various articles required are notified that
1, be yen 10 the bids Of principals the romnitee Orss
hat commissions any, shall be deducted from
49, nj Tie articles bid for sample Of each article ma
egor,nanY the list Of articles required with the
ens uron which bids will be received may be oeal Se
10 the Clerk Of Board Each proposal mus
a1ressed 70 the Committee supplies. and ,ndotse "a
nosas for Sugples" The committee reserve the sht W."
lect any bid n deemed for the public interest.
D"'' ~ FERDINAND FRAUD
HENRY p WHIST,
DAVID METMORE.
JffI'TIFS KATZENBER6s
AENJ " AAHIEhkEs,..
Committee on SupDaAs
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-12-13
CONTRIBUTIONS.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 12.-The Senate, in e1-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-12-13

John Morris Eva Derckson feiOnious assault baterv
Robert J. Whelan, tr, forgery
OYER TBRMIN ER-DIyis. i. J.-LOus =. Tlearrasou
false pretenees Continued
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-12-13

CEALED PROPOSALS will be. be Te :, ,Di an, aI
wy ,nt TUESDAY the l7th daY OF DecemOet Lo,o,
o. N o. m for pnung required by tho saa bsarI .O
~ - 5 Sannlo. al the various documents &C. rlHIsl
70 be- printed may be seen at the Ollie o. te ei az he
Sa,ncd zach prop sails he sdlresse 20 ,ne Sou
V,itee on supplies aud ndrsed FRO osas i0r ~ i,a
fsltsiaeOry 60 said committee VIII De IeqWtg
az thS tahfui performance Of the contract ne ,ls
reserve the night reject any BID II deems" 'Oi '
interest. ,,...u... o ,a7Q
Dateu Nc"''V'A' N0 FERDINAGD FRAUD
HENRY L. WEST.
DAVID METMURE
JULIUS KATZENBERo
BENJ, 4. MANlERRE,
Cnmnilllee on supples..
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-12-13
limited STATES TEST A NE BRAZIL NAIL

FOR ST. THOMAS, PARA, PERNAMBUCO. BAHIA,
AND RIO DE JANEIRO; Connecting At ; !. IiioMAS
MAIN Inc III st-elass steamship CIlN OF RIO 10
JANIERO, Captain Neir will sail for tne aDOye ports
SATUKDAI Jan. a. Freight at low rates taken
the above ports Positye no fri hts received after "a
Freight must he Tad IN advance Freight received at all
times R0Ocrtss Dock. Brooklyn. - -
INSURANCE LOVER THAN BY ANY OTHER LIN
SHIPPERS DESIRING INSURANCE CAN EFFECT
SANE UNDER OUR OPEN POLICY.
freight yageiHeBs passage, having elegant ac
CJmmOdatOns. apply 10 C. IL NAL ny q CO. Agents
once, Pier 20 last Rlyar
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-12-13
lew. YORK, HAVANA and MEXICAN

DAJIFIC MAIJ STEAMSHIP VV1IIA l.
4 Sailing from Pier 70 { Caaa-st, North River
For SAN FRANCE o. via l~IHA ~ PANAMA.
Steamship COLON. Friday Dec. 20 noon
Connecting central and south America and
Mexico, Francisco fnrJapan and emma
From san Francisco Tor Japan AID China
steamsh CITY OF PEKING, SAL. Jan. 1, 1879. noon.
From Francisco TO Honolulu, New Zealand ana
Australia
Steamship CITY OF SYDNEY Monday, Dec. D.
For nrlght or general nfOTma ION, apply at tonpanV8
Office Canas North River And Tor passage
- 10 ketD 81
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03
For the Freeman.
The Formation of Soils.
BY AGRICOLA.

| The soil we cultivate is as really import
ant to us as the air we breathe or The waite,
we drink. Upon its productions both mer
and animals must subsist. If the soil is
fruitful animal life is abundant; if other.
wise. but few genera or species exist.
purpose. in this paper, to explain how the
soil is formed, and to give some practica
hints as to its cultivation.
In the first place, the rocks which con.
stitute the crust of the earth crumble under
the influence of air and water. The seeds
of plants waited by the winds and scatter.
ed upon this loose material terminate and
spring up. Animals come 10 feed upon
the plants. Soon, both plant and animal
die and their remains mix with the form
ing soil and change its nature But soils
differ in quality as the nature of the rock
and vegetable differ in kind. We have
the stratifed and the unstratiied rocks
The larger portion, rs we meet them, are
stratified. These are composed, for the
most part, of limestone, sandstone and
clay. When limestone crumbles it forms
a calcarlous soil. Sandstone gives us a
sandy soil, and clay stone a clay soil
These form the three leading qualities Of
the soils best understood by practical far.
mers. In many instances the crumblino
rocks are of mixed character and hence
they produce mixed soil, which consti-
lutes AN open, fertile and valuable loan
CHAT farmers most delight 10 cultivate.
When The unslratitied rocks crumble.
they produce soil more or less produc
tive. acc riding to their kind Granite
rocks produce poor soil; trap-rock makes
rich and fertile soil. A mixed soil is
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

".Both are needful. both good, said
Time; and November smiled, content
Just here March came gathering
down stairs, and burst into the room'
whistling and dancing jig in his heavy
boots. But his wild eyes softeDed strange
", as, looking about the room, he saw
instead of accustomed frowns and shrugs
of dislike. all his brothers and sisters look
ing lovingly and proudly at him.
".He's come in like lion, but think
he'll 90 out like lamb, roguishly Wills
pered April; and. indeed, he blushed ike
a girl. Then he tossed back his dark hair
and smiled AS witchingly as April herself;
nav. more sweetly than she, for there was
the added charm of unexpectedness in 1t.
Father Time now strobe into the mid
die of the hall and the months, obedient
to his look of command, rose and formed
themselves in line of march. At the
head stood March, with grand express
sion of heroic resolve on his face. How he
would be able to meet his rough work,
even with this inspiration of loving looks,
Time only could tell; and he STOOL with
ewes filled with reaching peace and
tender awe.
"In a moment the great door was
thrown wide open, and the word OF com
mand went forth like solemn prayer:
Unto the Lord perform ye your
work
- Then people said:
a. This is the first day OF March
Spring is coming now" '-Independem.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

The JERSEY AND THE COMMON Cow
Mr.. dl0r:-Nluch has been said in
regard to the Jersey cow, us being too
small for beef after becoming too old for
milk. Now, let us look at The figures in
Il at matter and see what the real facts are
in this case. The majority OF farmers. in
looking at II jersey cow, will say-too
small for all purposes for us farmers; we
want something that will make oxen, and
beef, and II lot Of il; we want none of your
. deer meat. think this is mistaken
idea that farmers have fallen into, without
looking into the question at all Now for
the figures an average Jersey cow will
in one year, make $50 pounds Of nice vel
low butter worth now in the market IS
cents pound, amounting in one year to
S62 80, and raise calf on the kim milk,
worth. with us, $l5, making the sum of
$3.50, without making any charge for the
skim milk, after the calf is weaned. Now
let us take the average native or common
COW and see what she will do. From the
best authority can find, together with my
own experience, she will, in one year.
make $50 pounds of butter, worth now in
our market, % cents a pound, amounting
to the sum of S33, and Il calf fed on skim
milk, worth S., making in all $38. Now,
take $38 from $780,, the amount of the
product of the Jersey, and you have
i $44.50 in favor of the little jersey cow.
Now, multiply $44 so by ten, the number
of years we usually milk COW before
turning her into beef, and you have the
nice little sum of $445 in favor of the lat
ter, when you get ready to make beef Of
her. Now, it does not make much differ.
enco about the price of beef in so small
amount rs there would be between the
large cow and the small one, compared
with the large difference in the amount OF
butter, and in addition to the above, some
credit must be given to the Jersey, for a
less amount of food consumed, which is
about 2 IL per cent of the live weight on
the difference of the two COWS.
In looking the matter over, cannot but
come to the conclusion that, for dairying
purposes, the Jersey COW is the COW for
The farmers. There is II great amount of
labor in the manufacture of butter, both
indoors and out, and "A cow that will make
only 100 pounds of butter II year is not
worth keeping; for butter ut 20 cents Il
pound, and hay at $l2 ton, will not
more than pay her keeping, 50 that there
is total loss of the labor employed,
whereas Il COW that will make $50 pounds
n year will afford Il good profit over the
keep of the COW.
The winter here, so far, has been unusll-
ally pleasant, just snow enough to do bust
ness on, and free from drifts and storms
it is what all term perfectly splendid"
Stock of all kinds is wintcring finely
loose hay will be in demand, and is now
selling for 16 dollars in the large villages.
H. q. abbott. in ~ r. FaT7ner.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

VERMONT HORSES, The Burlington
Press says that Hon NJ. II. Cochrane, the
celebrated stock breeder of Compton, Can
ada. and Mr.. Simon Beatte of Preston
Hall, Amman, Scotland, have been making
a tour of the United States, and have visit
ed some cf the best stock farms in Ken.
lucky and elsewhere, with view of buy
ing few young horses possessing the brs
qualities for roadsters to be obtained in
This country, for the purpose of exporting
Them to England. They found but few
road horses in the west possessing the nee
rssarv points of endurance SO much in de
mand in England. They came to Burling
ton last week. meeting Col. Le Grand b
Cannon, and visited his stock farm, where
after a thorough examination on all the
points of speed and durability, they pur
chased six animals at high figures. This
preference for Vermont horses is highly
creditable to the State.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

A CHBAP SMOKE HoUsE.-Dig a mar
row pit from II to Is inches deep, throw
ing the earth all out on one side From
near the bottom of this pit dig trench OF
sufficient length to hold one or two joints
of stove pipe, at such an angle MS will
bring the end away from the pit to the sur
face of the ground. Over the head of this
pipe set a common flour barrel or large
cask, as may be needed, and, having re-
moved both heads, bank up around it with
a little earth so that no smoke can escape
at the bottom. Hang the hams, etc, in it.
using some round sticks to run through
the strings. Putting cover on the sticks
will leave space enough for draught to lei
the smoke pass freely Build smoke fire
of corn cobs, damp hardwood or sawdust
in the pit, and you will have cheap, safe
efficient smoke house, with very little
trouble.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

PUTTING CHILDREN TO BED.-Not with
IL reproof for any of that days sins of
omission or commission. Take any other
time than bedtime for that. If you ever
heard little creature sobbing in its sleep
you could never do this. Seal their closing
eye-lids with kiss and a blessing. The
time will come all too soon when they will
lay their heads upon their pillows lacking
| both. Let them at least have this sweet
memory OF happy childhood, of which
no future sorrow nor trouble can rob them.
Give them their rosy youth. Nor need
this involve wild license. The iudicious
parent will not so mistake my meaning.
If you have ever met the man or woman
whose eyes have suddenly filled when a
little child has crept trustingly to its moth
er's breast. you may have seen one in
whose childhoods home dignity and Sc
verify stood where love and pity should
have been. Too much indul gence has
ruined thousands of children; too much
We, not one.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

usually formed through the agency oil
water falling upon the mountains, and
! washing the finer and lighter particles OF
various rocks into the valley below, and
leaving the coarser material on the hills
and slopes. The winds also perform an
important part in the formation OF local
soils. As they sweep over the country,
they take up and bear away the fine dust
to other regions; or, rushing from the sea,
they bear inland the sand of the shore. and
thus render soils barren waste. which
are naturally rich and productive.
Such are the agencies which form and
modify the soils produced from the crum-
bling rocks. The alluvial soils which bor-
der on our rivers, are produced through
the agency of water; while the sand downs
Of European countries. and the desert re-
gions OF Africa and Asia owe their exist
ence TO the winds. Vegetation has also a
hand in the business of forming the soil.
When plant or tree dies on the dry
surface, it decays and passes off into the
air, but if it is buried under the soil or
under the water. it crumbles and forms II
IL part of the soil itself This accumulation
of vegetable matter from year to year and
age to age, greatly modifies and enriches
the soil The chemical composition of the
rocks is the primary cause of the diversi'
tv of the soils The distributions of rains
and winds and their mechanical action is
II secondary cause. The growth and accu.
mutation of vegetable matter is third
and more special cau>e; all combined &C
count for the diversites of soils here emu
merated
The cultivation of the soil if successful,
must be conducted on chemical principles.
The plant. growing soil is composed Of
organic and inorganic substance. Heat Il
portion of the soil to redness in the open
air, and the organic part will disappear
This consists of two groups of matter; the
one containing the element of nitrogen
and the other being destitute of that ele
ment. All plant-growing soils must con
tain supply of these substances The
more important inorganic substances in
the soil are potash. soda, magnesia, oxide
of iron, sulphurc acid, and phosphorit
acid Every one of these elements mu,i
exist in II healthy sol and if not fount
there, the farmer must restore them.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

DESTROYING TENT CATERPILLARs.-As
the season-here in the Northern and Mid
die States-is near ut hand when the cat
erpillars or apple-tree worms Will hatch
out. build their tents in the crotches OF the
apple and other fruit trees, and be ready
to feed on the tender leaves and shoots as
thew come out, 1 propose to give your
readers the cheapest. simplest ana mos'
efficient remedy for their destruction.
close observer may now lind the eggs OF
these insects-no larger than mustard
seeds in little rings or patches on the
limbs oft the trees, where they were depos-
tied by the parent butterfly last summer; ;
but most people will be apt to overlook
them until after they hatch out and form
nests in the crotches of the branches or
limbs of the trees. In this, their cater
pillar form. the best time to find thel'
homes, and to find them at home, is in the
early morning. before they start on their
daily tramps up the limbs to feed, and
when the dew on their nests gives them
sparkling appearance.
Having found them, make moderately
strong solution of soap or soapsuds, using
quart of soft-soap to two gallons OF wa
ter; or, if soft-soap is not at hand, use its
equivalent in dissolved bar-soap, I've or
potash. Apply this solution TO the nests
or tents of the worms with a swab OF rags
tied to pole of suitable length for reach
ing them. With care, the nests can, in
most cases, be broken open at the top and
filled with suds or lye.water from the drip,
pings OF the swan. BY this method. all
the worms, which lie closely nested there,
will get soaped before they get out. Or
the nests may be wiped out with The wet
ed swab, and such worms as have not
been touched may be given dose-a drop
is sufficient for each-and it may be APP
piled at any time and under all circum-
stances.
The more freely this wash is used about
the trunks and limbs of apple trees. the
better for them, worms or no worms. M
man who tries this method of Kidding his
trees OF these disgusting and destructive
Insects, will ever be guilty of using burn
ing straw, paper, kerosene oil, or any OF
the injurious means commonly resorled to
Correspondent Of Country Gentleman.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

TRANSPORTATION OF CATTLE. - The
Albany LaD Journal publishes IL decision
of the Supreme Court of the United States,
pronounced in October last, to the effect
that any State law which prohibits driving
or conveying any Texas, Mexican, or In
dian cattle into the State between the first
day of March and the first day of Deem
Der in each year, is in conflict with the
clause of the constitution of the United
States that ordains Congress shall have
power to regulate commerce with foreign
nations, and among the several States and
with the Indian tribes" The action in
which this dt cision was given was brought
in Missouri under a statute of that State
to the above effect The decision admits
that State may. in selfprotction, prevent
persons or animals suffering from disease
of contagious or infectious character
from coming within its limits, but holds
that 1t quite transcends this power in en-
acting that animals from certain localities
shall not be admitted at certain seasons,
irrespective of their freedom from disease
or the contrary. This wholesale exclusion
is held 10 exceed any quarantine or inspec-
ton which state may constitutionally
exercise.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03
Looks TO THE LAMBS When they first

LOOKS TO THE LAMBS When they first
make their appearance in the world lam S
are very feeble animals, but if they once
get well started they are quite likely to
live, and if properly cared for, do well.
The first day or two of its life is critical
period with lamb. Therefore it is quite
important for sheep owners to look after
their hocks when it is time for the ewes to
bring forth their lambs. Unless they are
reformed or extremely feeble (Which is
seldom the case,) nearly all lambs will
live if they have little care and attention.
Probably large proportion of them
would live if let alone, but many would
die. When the weather is cold they need
special attention. A severe chill will BE-
likely TO be fatal unless prompt and pro.
per medical means are used. The owner
should visit the sheep yard frequently dur
ing the time at which lambs are eX.
pected. Every evening he should attend
to new corners, if there are any which
need held. 70 give specific directions
would require great deal of space. Every
owner of sheep should have copy o
/" Randall's Practical Shepherd" gooc
| book which contains great deal of valua
BILE information. Experience, too, is {
very valuable aid, as the writer has proved
but there should be certain degree o
knowledge to 90 before the experience il
order to prevent mistakes which woul'
otherwise be very likely to occur. Goo
care is one of the essentials, and this ever,
one can give.-Dirigo Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

OF course. as author of the the paper
Bro. Chapman must know when it was
written, and on what branch.
But we listened to the paper. or both
papers, or to make it plain we heard it, OF
them at Middlebury and at Montpelier,
and though he was on scperate branches,
we insist that it should not be considered
our fault if the main body of the subject
appeared to be the same.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

Sill good sap weather. We have already
made about four pounds 10 the tree. f..
Wheeler, E>q., of Washington county
bids fair to rank us boss prophet " in the
sugar making line of business. Mr.,
Wheeler tells us how the thing is done.
NJ antIme, have none of our readers
picked up Il new wrinkle in the manulac-
turc Or management of sugar or the phil
$50, ny of the matter? If so, make ii note
Of it for us.
a story is told OF II man coming from
The city to farm it, and when asked wheth-
er he wa@ going to make sugar, said he
didn't know vet whether he should or not,
but if he did make any that year, he
should make it next week Thursday. It's
II pretty good time 10 make sugar when
sap runs well.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

The most enterprisng feat in reporting
we have seen, is that performed by Bro.
Tinkham, agricultural editor of The FREE
MAN In his report of the meeting of the
Board Of Agriculture at Montpelier, he
SAYS he gave an abstract Of the paper we
read there in his report of the meeting
held at Middlthury in January. AS The
paper was written in February, and was
on different branch of the subject that
we treated al the Middlrbury meeting, we
would like 10 know how Bro Tinkham
Nv 9b,tract
~ it moves Bro Chapman to
HJr'anee in his department of the
a,i ,jI"bu,y register.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

A plan for improving the aroma of but
ter, in use in many parts of Switzerland
noted for good milk and fine butter, is as
follows: The milk, as soon as it is drawn
and while yet warm, is filtered through a
sprig of washed fir tips, the stem of which
is inserted loosely and upright in the hole
of the funnel. The milk deposits hairs,
skins, clots, or gelatinous sliminess on the
leaves. 1t has impaired to it most ag-
greeable odor, and does not readily turn
sour. fresh sprig should be used each
time.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

GRADE JERsEYs.-I have read with in.
lerest the different articles in your valua
BILE paper on subject of grade Jerseys fol
dairy COWS. l havea neighbor who has
MIXED three grade Jerseys the last season
from which he has sold 903 pounds of but.
ter, and has on hand butter for family
use until spring butter is made. His fam
lily consists of himself and wife, and one
hired man through the summer season.
@. W. ~, in Country Gentleman.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

Another year we must save lot of cab
bage to feed the hens in winter. This is
probably the best form in which green
feed can be stored up for them, as we are
satisfied they require it, we shall lay in a
stock of cabbage. The wonder is we have
never thought of it before. The bastard
heads will do for the poultry. and so will
the stems if cut fine. Where the snow
does not cover up the grass they can find
green bits for themselves, but in our cold
and snowy climate this want ought to be
provided for.-T. D. Curtis, in Rural New
Yorker.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03

Bro. Chapman gives other and more
convincing proofs of his appreciation of
the enterprise of the agricultural depart
ment of the FREEMAN. In the same num-
Der of the Register in which he takes us to
task for not being able to distinguish his
papers. one from the other, he cribs three
solid columns from our report of the
Montpelier meeting without giving credit.
We gave six columns to our report, AMI as
he makes his concluded next week, we
suppose he means to take the rest Well
after all, they say imitation is the SINGER
est fiattery; so much for our consolation
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-04-03
agricultural Department.
ON. TINkHAM, Editor.

Recommendation fol- this department should be
ent to the editor. Mr.. o. 81. TINhHAM, y. POM
fret Vt.
Please writeon side OF the paper only, sign sucn
name or initials as you wished published, but give
your FJL SAME AND ADDRESS, post office, County and
State