Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1878-02-28

edge, and full OF Greek sailors and bad
smills. Behind and above Galata, ris-
log up the steep hill, is the quarter
called Pera, where Europeans of the
better sort live, and all the European
shops are to be found. The third and
last division in Asia, on the further
side OF the Bosphorus, opposite both
StambOul and Galata, consists of q
series Of towns, the chief of which Is
Scutari, forming an almost continuous
line Of houses along the shore, and vir-
tQslly part of the great city, though
separated by more than mile of water
-water which is sometimes SO rough
that the steamers can not cross.
COnstanti1ople is city not OF one
nation, but Of many, and hardly more
OF one than of another. Tne inhabi-
tants are not less than 800, 900 or SOC. 900.
and OF these about half, some say rath.
Ter over hvlf, are Mohammedans. This
half lives moetly In StambouI proper.
and in Scutari, while Pera, Gslata and
Kadikeni (Shalecedon) are left to the
Christians. Nearly equal in numbers
to the MOham medans are the Turkish
Christians, Greeks, Armenians and
BulgariaBs. TIE Armenians aeem to
be the most numerous (they are said
to be 200, ,00Q). and many of the wealthy
merchants belong to this nationality:
the Buigarians, however, are, accord
Ing to the report Of the American mis-
sionsries, who are, perhaps, the best
authorities, really the most teachabIa
and progressive. f-ro a orIilen s1a
The term Dsrdanelles, meaning the
fOrtiicati0n in distinction from the
straits, Is sometimes used to cover the
four principal castles, or forts, two at the
entrance to the straight from the Arch.
ipelagO and two at its narrowed point,
snd sometimes the latter two only. 81.
The straight Of the Dardanelles Is about
As miles in length, and runs in q
southeast direction from the Archipel.
ago TO the Sea OF MarmOra. between
which It forms the only water eonuee-
ton. The straight varies in width
from 81 miles at the southern entrance
to 500 yarls at its narrowest point.
The two forts at the southern entrance
are Kun Ksfeb, on the Asiatic shore.
and Sedil Bahri, vt the extreme south
ern end of the Thfaeian Cilersonese.
The southern forts were built IN 1859
by MOhammed ", to defend his feet
from the Veneitans. They are in good
repair, and their value ss practical de-,
fences has recently been augmented by
several batteries on the RoumeIian
shore. The northern forts, Tehanak9
Kallessi and Kilid Babri,7 to- which
alone the term Castles of the DardaneI-
les is applied by some writers, by viz
tue of their position, of their equip-,
ment and OF tneir powerful shore bat
teries which support them are Constan-
tinOple's best defences. Three batter
les, Medjidie, Kirsche-Burum and
Niagara Burun,, armed with twenty
and thirty six pUunder7 Krupp guns,
support the castle of Tehanakl Kaiessi,
on the Asiatic shore, which commands
all the southern part of the strait. On
the European shore IS the castle Kiiid-
Babri with fifteen Kr1pp guns, and In
its neighbofheod are the three shore
batteries, Dermen Tabia, Tehrn Tabia
and yBeali Tabia, with an aggregate
armament of thifty-seven guns, To
the north Of these powerful defences is
another fort ON the Cape of Niagara
Burum, which adjoIns that part Of the
strait at which Leander ased to swim
across from Abdyos to Sestos to meet
Hero, q feat which Byron repeated in
1910. Further on in Lamsaks on, the
Asiatic shore, and at the entrance of
the Sea OF Marmora Is Gallipoli, whose
military Importance has been long
recognized. T. .sisaso sdi 2U7l sasa5