davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03
ARMY ORDERS.

WASHINGTON, July 31.-With the approya
Of tine Secretary Of War leave Of absence for SIX months
on surgeons certificate Of disability Is granted TO Cap
tain IL b. Bristol 5th Infantry, with permission 20
iss te fleoartfaeaf OF Dakota For the same iauhe
i ss -enfed Post Chapain g. W. Simpson. With pof'
,1issior 10 leave the Department OF the Platte
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03
We annex current quotations

In State bonds, Louisiana eOnsOls fell to ~. and
were to-day up TO "a. Tennessee 6s new series
sold at 33lo. and District of Columbia 3-i5s at So
Railroad bonds continue unsettled and weak Tor
issues in any way connected with speculation, but
firm for those of the best rank. To-day's market
was 0uiet Canada Southern firsts guaranteed rose
to 1914 and ST. Paul sinking funds were weak at
%, l. and NJ. Division at 9S Northwest gold
bonds at 97l2800 regular way. aDd95l2096 seller
80 days. Burlington and Quincy IS were down TO
ILL., The pacifies were dull and steady; Centrals
1851, Union frsts, 10Jls, and sinking fund.-
1925: New-Yori Central Us subscription bonds
selling at 1882.
The stereotyped price of gold during the week
was 1902 and the price is likely TO keep steady at
about that figure. the demand 10 pay for snbserip
tiOns to the per cents is about equal TO the dis
bursemeuts of the Treasury. On gold loans to-day
the Tending 4se1 ref cert borrowing
and fat The Sub-TTeasury disbursements for the
week were s PSI. 900 interest aud S736,O0O called
bonds inclusive of $500, 900 and S326,0OO to-day
The days business of the gOld-cearing department
Of the Bank of the State Of New1ork covered ::
Gold cleared So 500, 900 gold balances S549, 1913;
currency balances $j53,0OS. The gold quota
tions to-day were follows:
10 .lOO2 Recommendation
Foreign exchange was quiet and irregular, weak
and lower for sXty-days bills; closing, however,
6rmer with actual business Oh the basis Of 81 slSi
a$4 S23l for sxty-days, and - SJl2G$4 SO for
demand bills 10 the g We annex current quota
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03

The London Stock Exchange to-day was weak
pretty much all around. The sum of 100000 bull
lion was withdrawn from the Bank Of England on
balance In Paris, the 3 per cent French rentes
ranged between 1880 and 11337I2, closing to-day
Driee a week ago. We quote sight exchange on
London at 25.14l2 as against 25.l3i2 last Friday.
The receipts of -four and gram at the principal
Atlantic ports this I'd day OF August were:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03

Good Ordinary. Low MtddNng.
strict Ordinary -1Oi2 MiddlnE.
Futures fairly acve closing higher sales last
evening, 1890 bales TOiay-Firs Cal5epembsh lASi
February, 1925 april ll43. tota 100 bales second
vember ll.23 January. 1120; April ll4Z total 200
bales Third CalAugIst. ll.SI September, ll.5S Oct0
Der. Il.57 NoTemher ll22 January liz March, llS2i
Hal: total. 5000 bales Also. To-Day, Augusf.
ifg7all.ss. September 1855 giIj9; October 1850
Il.40: November ll.2l6lL24 December, lllsall.20;
February, II260Il27; April lls2: May ll.49 total.
81 900 bales: grand total d5.4G0 bales 80 paid 90 ex
ehange 500 septem for August Fntnres closed seady
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03
FRIEs FoRETGN BONDS.

Tux TAX on THE INTEREST HELD TO BE UNCoN-
sTfTUTIoNAL-
Decisions were rendered yesterday in several
cases heard by ChefJustice Waite, while sitting the
United States Circuit Court few weeks ago Among the
opinions In the Of the United States against
the Rre Railway Company. The sut brought for the
recovery tax interest paid in London on sterling
bonds issued by the Erie Road The issues were for
~ 100000 sterling; the first made during the
continuance of the Act Of Congress Of 1864, ana the
second subsequent TO the passage Of the Act of 1866
The latter act provided the taxation Of interest paid
On securities negotiated abroad and tits said that this de-
eision in effect declares the Act Of 1866 unconstitutional
and void The ChiefJustiee held that the for the
cOvery Of which this suit was brought tax upon
the OF the bond and not upon the defendant was
not upon The bond tgef but upon the income OF the
owner OF the bond; that the foreign owner was not
subject jurisdiction Of the United States this
portion his income The debtor OF the fOrelgn
and his debtors money within this jurisdiction but
the money Of mis- debtor aid not become part OF his in
come until was paid to hIn, and in this the pay
outside OF the United States in accordance
with the obligations Of the contract hch he held The
default Of the defendant IN making its returns was
continuing Only one penalty. therefore, was re-
o6verable. The judgment Of the District Court was
affirmed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03
THE MONEY MARKET.
YIRST CALL-lO4

OFFICIAL REPORT ~ T. STOCK EXCHANGE SALES
FRIDAY. a BGUST q 1873
GOVERNMENT STOCK DEPARTMENT.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03

since the beginning Of the year, compared with tho
corresponding periods Of previous years;
gcr week =, sSso a i isI5 i asgs
Thrown 90 usrksE.-.. L67s,O7t l,7s7kss 10000
Entered e ss sos sseo7s2f ss4Ss2ss
Thrown sn market. bl,2i612l t8454.28o 4h3SAoOe
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03

WORK FOR TIE gURROGATEs CLERKS.
Surrogate DelanO G. CALVIN has required
ls clerks N hs once 70 examine All the old records, 70
ef'eet tleu under nct OF 1877 The records YER
80 b ne Sarrcgstes signature, and Nj Calvin has
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03

WALTER j. SHUPE'S FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.
Walter II. Shupe submitted yesterday to an
examination in the Jennings case in which Mr. Jennings
mas judgment for about $500 against Mr. shupe To all
questions as to his associates The Adr0cqe mr. shupe
put in plea that he was bound reveal the private
business OF other pers0ns and be made the obec
tOn as 10 an moneys that he had paid offered al the
recent convention OF the National party at Syracuse
said when pressed in answer question whether
had offered pay $1,000 any since the service
Of the order upon him have offered to pay and
have paid any 10 anybody any account per-
soDal to myself since the OF order these
proceedings" Mr. shupe then questioned at length
as to his rights IN the paper OF which he s Editor He
was not sure whether he his wife held the share
in it OF which he had spoken he thought his salary
with his own misfOrtunes. During suspensonof the pro-
ceoding while counsel consulting Judge Shea. he
stated to reporters that 1863, after paying Of his
debts. some OF them not enforceable, he was worth
$4,000 which he had lost since by investments and
speeulatiOns. He had issued great deal Of paper IN
the name The Advocate but 81 unfair to mix up
the officers Of that association with his Own private
Transactions.
When tue examination was resumed Mr.. Shupe said
he was not in active practice lawyer He had
gone up Wednesday TO matter before the sur
rOgate OF ROckland County He had ken no new busl-
since January and had then formed most OF his
business 70 other lawyers but this matter be could
well lie has received no lee Tor sueh ap-
pearauce. he had loans which could be collected,
though be thought $4,000 due him, most OF which
barred by statute OF limitations He DENIED that
he had recently made present Of furniture to any one
Most Of the debts due him. he repeated, were outlaw ca
Among those OuGawed note OF ~. H. Ledwlth,
whom thought De Judge Ledwith. did not CON
Il worth much. The III, adjourned TO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03

The following are the imports Of dry FOODS ~ the
port of New-York for the week ennng TINS aate ana
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-03
THE CONVICTED INSURANCE OFFICERS.

CASE AND LAMBERT ASKING NOT 10 BE SEM TO
SING SING, PENDING THEIR APPEALS.
An application was made yesterday to Judge
Donohue in Supreme Court Chambers, to stay proceed
ings in the OF Dr. Thomas y Lambert president Of
the American Popular Life Company pending
his appeal TO the Court Of Appeals; other words to
leave him in the Tombs In place OF sending him 20 State
prison Judge DOnohue refused TO take any action until
the new writ of error was signed, though ntmating
that when 10 signed he would not hesitate TO sign
the stay Meanwhile 1t is understood that Lambert VIII
not be hurried 70 Sing Sing.
In the matter OF Robert l. Case the president OF the
Security Life insurance and Annuity Company, con-
Yieted Of the same crime perjury motion TO have
been made continue his bal pending appeal 20 the
Court Of Appeals Assistant Dlstrct-AtOrney Herring
insisted that first step that end Mr.. Case must
be surrendered and the motion was adjourned, with the
other, 70 Monday.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
ROMAN CATHOLIC ORPHAN ASYLUM.

An unnannounced visit was made yesterday after
noon by Mayor Ely TO the Roman Catholic Orphan
Asylum on Fifth avenue, between Fifty first and FIJI
ty-sccond streets. In describing his visit the Mayor
said that although the building has stood there Tor
about quarter OF century, and Its external appear
is very familiar to all New Workers, yet nc: ono
person thousand has entered s walls Or known
anything OF Its work. The institution II OF those
which, under the law of 1851, is entitled proper.
ton Of the school moneys 1t has received about
$4,000 per for about fourteen hundred pupils
ranking among .e largest special appropriations Tor
school purposes The highest in this respect are the
Ch,ldren's Aid Society anu tho Female Guardian So.
Getty, which together receive between SOU. 900 AMI
500, U0U annually.
The May greeted upon entering tho institution
by the Lady Superior. Sister Ann Borromeo, VINO,
assistants, has charge II the instttu.
ways desirable, as The Institution could thus be
IN lis ordinary everyday condition. thorough cx-
animation was made OF each department OF tho uud-
ing, including It's nine class rooms, In which 500
children were assembled. Tho Mayor entertained
several Of these rooms by the chdrcn with singing
ROTATIONS. He subsequently visited tho dormi-
tories, play rooms, grounds innrmary, chapel, reiec
IN tho inGrmary. the workings OF tho asyium wero
fully explained. Children are taken Ia between tho
ages oil our aud nne and are educated and cared Tor
until old enough 10 be apprentced or placed
useful 0ccupati on. tho institution owns farm
PecksKii, wnere about hundred OF tho oldest pu-
pill. are now engaged in studying agriculture and me.
chances
Mr.. Ely next visited the female branch OF tho same
institution, which occupies tho entire corresponding
block between Ftynrst and Fifty second streets ana
Madison and Fourth avenues. Sstor Ciouide. with
seventeen assistants has charge OF the girls depart
m~nt. 1t now maintains 4S3 pupils Tho general
system OF instruction and maintenance Is about SIM.
lar to that In the Fifth avenue building. The Diet
consists oil bread and butter tea and milk for break
fast, n substantial meat and vegetable dinner and
supper similar TO tho breakfast
inc Mayor describes both buildings as scrupuously
neat the rules for bathing and other sanitary precau
lions bong admirable ana the children presenting u
general appearance Of remarkable robustness and
good health.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02

named Solomon Lamosrg jointly indicted with WILL
lam Bath, were arraigued for trial by Assistant District
Attorney Lyon, charged with grand larceny
ing stolen goods Bath had previously pssded guilty,
and was sent 10 the House Of Refuge. From the
aence adduced Il appeared that the l4th ult Anna
Lederer was walking along Second street, avenue
G. A boy approached her ana snatched her pocket
book, containing a check for $50 aud some change
Subsequently police onicer observed three boys
ing In suspicious manner In Baxter street. lie toll
lowed Ernst into clothing store and being arrested
admitted that ho endeavorng TO sell the check in
question. and that he had found II IN a sink tho
nrst floor OF tenement house In Second street, where
Bath had told him 1t was concealed. The boy Lem
berg next arrested 1t the corner Of and
Second street, aud stated that though he had not
stolen the pocksIbook Bath had gwen him twelve
cents In reply to Mr. Edmund T. Price, their coun-
SELL tho prisoners denied all knowledge OF the lar
ceny, Ernst stating that he did know the check
had been stolen and Lembsrg asserting that the
money he received from Bath was due 10 him from
sale OF vegetables which he had Entrusted TO him.
The jury convicted Ernst OF receiving stolen goods.
with recomtnen dalton TO mercy, aud rendered
verdict OF acquittai III the OF Lem0erg. Judge
Gilderslcevo imposed the mitiga,ed penalty Of nine
m0pths imprisonment In inc Penitentiary.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
Tolal.............
MILE. VENTUROLI.
208 GRAND STREET,
BROOKLYN, z. D.. N. Y, Jan. 80. 1873.

208 GRAND STREET. I
BROOKLYN, E. D., N. Y, Jan. 80. 1881
To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD:-
Observing your call In this mornings issue of tho
HERALD in behalf OF Miss venturo, the afflicted
"danseuse," and approaching her terrible position
am authorized by my sister, Miss Alice H. Wren, 20
offer, through the columns OF your valuable Journal
hercntertaInment entitled "Aroun nd tho word' las
sisted by the eminent pianist. j. Wooster futile, and
myself for tho benefit of Miss Venturoii, TO take
place when or whore it may please committee OF
geutlemen appointed ny whom you may think proper
many kindheartcd and charitable In New YORK
who would donate tho hail. printing, advertising, &C.,
for such worthy object, and SO make the benefit q
success both financially aud artisticaly, and would
respectfully solicit the operation of any gentleman
or gentlemen charitably inclined assist US IN our
ondeavOrs 10 relieve the distress of this afflicted lady,
known only to US through your repeated calls tue
OF all tho good thero has SAID of her. Very re-.
spectfuily, OLIVER W. WREN
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
COURT OF APPEALS.

ALBANY, n. ~, Feb. ], 1873
Tho proceedings the Court Of Appeals to-day were
as follows:-
No. g. Lange Va Bencdict.-Argument resumed
and concluded
No. O. Mckay VS.. Barnea-Argued by N. G. Moak
for appellant aud john Hubble Tor respondent
No. IS. Samuels w. Evening Mail Association.
Robert So well appellant aud Robert Mansfield Tor
respondent Appeal dsm Used. with leave 10 apply to
the General Term for amendment OF the order.
No. "A. Grady VS.. Crook bv N. q. M0aE for
appellant, aud H. N. Bergen Tor respondent
No IS. Evans vs. Observation-Disclosures by ]. NJ Hum
phroy Tor appellant, and NJ A. Whitney Tor respondent
No. 81 McNulty vs.. Hurd-Argued by Mr. Mcclure
for appellant, and John 5. Berry Tor respondent
No. H. Mackay vs. Lswa-Submltted.
Adjourned.
APPEALS CALENDAR.
Tho Court OF Appeals day calenar for Monday, Feb
ruary A. 10 as foows:-Nos "a. II, &C. 27S, 81 9S. 90
and 100
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
DECISIONS.
SUPREME CoURT--CHAMBERs.

BY Judge Donohue.
Lowenstein VS.. Collins; Opdycke Va Baldwin,
In the matter OF Payton; Morrison Va Ramsay
Marines vs. Martines-Order granted.
FItz vs. Observation-Disclosures.
Wright VS.. Wright-Motlon granted. Memorandum.
Amer VS.. Amer. Docree Of divorce granted 10 the
Libby We. Strasbureer.-M oton denied. The deci-
sion in Turber va Pepper. General Term disposes OF
Bonrlman vs. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern
Railroad Compauy.--I am satisfied from Judge Bar
rstts opinion that tho order asked by the defendant
BY Judge Lawrence.
In the matter OF Stout, &c.-Reiorred to Moses Ely
TO take proof of facts.
Rurghoir VS. Lseber.-I see no reason for vacating
BY Judge Brady.
In the matyer OF the recevership OF the Guardian
Savings Institution Opinion.
COMMON PLEAs-CHAMDERs.
BY Judge Robinson.
Grsenwalt vs. Cronin.-Moton denied, with leave to
renew ON payment OF 50 costs OF TINS motion See
opinion
MARINE COURT-sPECIAL TERM
BY Judge sinnotI
Mligan VS.. Brooks.-Mouon 10 vacate oroer Of
January IS, 1875 granted Motion TO vacase attach
Camel VS. wh,te.-Motion to dismiss complaint
granted, with costs, and judgment ordered accord
Anderson vs. Harris.-Motion to vacatc Judgment
entered January 80 1873, against plaintiff granted
conditions are complied with.
Hoide VS.. kUhL-MOti0u to vacato injunction
granted.
Lawson vs.. Fa,rchild Motion granted and money
directed to DO paid plaintiff
Derille vs. Manufacturer granted and default
opened and cause restored
Scott vs. Bcokman-Bond approved.
McTeasue VS.. McKeon; Leonard VS.. Donoghue -
Motions granted.
Scheibler VS.. Standardization TO vacato attach.
mcnt denied and stay vacated.
Cole W. Van Order Hanoi VS.. Griflth.-Ordors
granted.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
SUMMARY OF LAW CASES.

suit for divorce was commenced yesterday In the
Supreme Court between Rosa Steifel and Alck SseeL
The parties married the I'd OF july lS76 Tho
complaint charges that tho defendant committed
adultery with person known as Nine Leroy, ana 10
now living with her as . husband. Judge Donohue
ordered u reference ! tho case.
Tho will OF the late DR.. Marlin Payne. Whose extern
svs bequest to Harvard College has previously been
noticed yesterday admitted 10 probate by Surro-
gate Calvin.
Pursuant TO previous adjournment John l. Daven-
port was appe AIRED Cham bsrs OF tho Marine
Court yesterday to be examined as 10 what property
subject TO execution he had 10 amply In pay ment Of
judgment against him tor $l.loo MI. Davenport
Jailed 10 answer when called. and his default was
taken by the attorney Tor the judgment creditor.
An examination Was hold yesterday IN the case OF
funds OF Mr. Baooitt, the soap manufacturer, and
whose trsi fixed 20 take place In the Court Of oyer
was transferred 10 Ludlow Street JAN on civil pro.
ceedings, and he now claims that these proceedings
must be disposed VI before he Is tried ior the cmoez
Element ana that he was arrested on the criminal
charge by false pretence. In consequence oil the
engagement OF counsel tho hearing was adjourned
The case of Mary Buggy, whose custody is claimed
by father james j. Buggy. tho ful facts OF which
have already been published IN the HERALD came 10
q rather unexpected termination yesterday. The
father-inlaw who has heretofore had the child, alter
having been examined, suddenly announced his con.
sent allow Nary be gwen TO her father This was
accordingly done, aud tho father was adJudgsd 10 DO
her law custodian. George h. kracht appeared Tor
tue father and Charles 81 Spencer Tor the Iatherin-
law.
John Collins, In q suit brought against Henry N.
Cutter Co.. the cotton brokers, states IN his COM
plant that the owner OF l49 bales oil cotton,
valued 50 OO0 that the defendants, who werc cot
ton brokers' intont TO deceive him, represented
that they had orders from j. NJ. Seeiy, Of Adams,
Mass purchase OF $50 bales OF cotton at eleven
and cents per pound ton days, and
questod the Plaintiffs to fill the order; that relying
upon these he delivered the l49 bales
to the defendants for Shipment he alleges lurther
that their rcprescnt false and the defend
ants instead OF sending cotton TO Massachusetts,
concealed it in warehouse with intent 10 dispose Of
IL for thor own use and benent. He accordingly sues
Tor the cotton. or It's value, and $4,000 damages.
Judge Speir yesterday, upon afdavts setting forth
that the firm had absconded with intent to deiraud
thor creditors granted order permitting service
OF the summons by publication.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
RECENT DONATIONS.


CONTRIBUTIONS OF CLOTHING.
Contributions OF clothing have boon received at the
Guild as toows:-
Mrs. T. Y. Avery, l bundle new clothing; ..Anopy-
NOUS" bundle clothing; MRS. A. r. d. bundle
boys clothing; Mrs. Blanchard, bundle clothing;
Z. X. Clark, bundle cioto,ns G. C.; bundle ciotn.
ing; Mrs. u, l bundle clothing; II. M., bundle
clothing; Charles Ingersoil, l bundle clothing;
j. Is. W., bundle clothing; A Lady Uhrough Mrs.
Charles whcatteghl bundle Infants clothing; J. W.
Lyon. ! bundle clothing; Mrs. A. N. Lawson,
do clothing Georse May, bunalo
clothing; Charles Meyer. ! bundle clothing;
tyre bundle clothing; Mrs T., bundle clothing:
Mrs +. A. Quintard, trunk clothing; Mrs. Rose,
bundle clothing; Thomas L. Scovillc bundle cloth
ing Mrs. Spencer. bundle clothing; 123 East sixty
tnird street, bundle clothine s. a. f., Orange, NJ
j., bundle clothing; Henry Thompson. package
clothing, package shoes; 81 vesey street, bundle
Warner, l bundle clothing; Mrs Watson, o army
coats, 8 army caps
oTnsR CASES OF DISTRESS
In Greenwich stree! poor widow has TO support
without iueL the children have nelihcr shoes nor
other clothing
Tho husband mas out Of work nvo months; there
are SIX children without clothing, the baby only Tow
days old.
In Chrystic street, widow in great distress She
has three small children, earns very little, owes tho
rent Tor one month her children are without shoes
In Clinton street, family IN state OF destitution.
The husband Is au old Union army soldier VINO has
been SICK the last three years Tho vile Is unable 10
laUor. There arc six sinai! children No ood In tho
mouse. Yesterday the family subsis,cd on some
coffee and bread which was gwen TO them by neigh
UOr
In Thirteenth street very poor Sho has
two small childrcn; cannot get any work and has
neither money nor food. her Daby Is sick. Sno Is
the only support OF her family.
TiIOsK VINO LOVE THEIR FELLOW MAN.
Up E. h." has sent 10 this Office $50 to be distributed
among the destitute mentioned tn the HERALD a.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-02-02
GENERAL SESSlONS-PART 2.
Before Judge Gildsrslecve

WAKING UP.
AIaborer named james Connors was arraigncd for
trial, by Assistant District Attorney Lyon, charged
under the following circumstances Tho accused
employed to attend the furnaces Of Henry b. Hertz,
No. 100 West Forty fourth street. When the family
had retired tho reflection OF light from the Kitchen
was seen IN the OF the premises Mr.. Hertz and
two his suns descended TO tho collar. and, alter
long search, found Connors sccreed coal BIN ana
unaDle TO give a satisfactory account OF himself Five
had been removed IRON the hat rack, reaay
10 carried off, The prisoner said he had fallen asleep
but the Jury did that OF the
and found MIN guiIty. Judge Gildersleeve sent him
to the State Prison Tor four years.
THE ROTTEN LOW GANG.
Detective Jonn Murphy while stroilIng through the
Eighth precinct the night OF tho 27th ulL heard
noso ike that OF tho breaking Of window in the
cutlery establishment OF Samson Simon, No. 435 Canal
street, and observed youpg man recommending from
one Of the windows. Murphy entered the premises
and captured two burglars who be Albert
Peterson, alias peg Murphy" OF NO. rs Isght street,
and Charles Boyle, alias "EnglIsb," Of No. ~ Can
scvoort strcet, botn SAID to he members vi tho notO
'I.otten row" gang. The prisoners were about
carry III quantity cutlery. ana when arraigncd
yesterday pleaded guilty., and were sent TO the state
Prison cacn Tor the term oil eighteen months
THE RESULT OF LARCENY.
william Ernst youth OF eighteen years. and . lad