New-York tribune., 1878-03-05
EVOLUTION IN PHOTOGRAPH.

PROGRESS IN THE LAST HUNDRED YEARS
PROFESSOR C. F. CHANDLER DESCRIBES THE GROWTH
OF ART-HOw DAGUERRE REACHED HIS DlsC0V-
ERY-MANIFOLD RESULTS OF MODERN DIsCoV-
ERIEs.
An unusually large audience gathered in
Association Hail. last evening" to hear Professor Charles
L. Chandler lecture Photography. The occasion was
the regular meeting OF the New-YOrk Academy OF
Sciences and although tho greater part OF the members
present, they brought equal number of ladies.
Though the lecturer spoke for fully two hours,
he gave lively and interesting dress to prosac scen
tic facts that the audience showed no signs OF weaI
The lecture q rapid review OF the stages OF
evolution in photography from the first rude pic'
the most perfect specimens made to-day The
various styles of photographs were illustrated by pic
turcs and of the processes were exhibited on the
platform.
That chemical decomposition. said the lecturer, ia az
fectod by the solar rays appears to have been known to
the ancient Egyptians They supposed to have been
familiar with the action Of light silver, by which 1t is
backened and pictures made The first authentic record
of pictures made by solar agency is found IN Coopers
" Rational RecreaOns," published in England in IVA
An account given tho marking OF bottles by the
tion silver salts. schiee next experimental
the result of exposing to light paper made
sensitive with salts OF silver lie recorded that
the decomposition blackcniDg most strongly
marked in the violet rays of light and next in orange
part the that which takes pictures Bolton and
Watt. in their labors perfect the steam engine at
Soho, probably produced the first genuine sun-pctures.
They were followed by Sir Humphrey Davy and Wedge
wood, who prepared sensitive paper and this placed
ferns and other grasses When exposed 20 hight, the
parts not covered were backcned. The image Of the
fern appeared in white, but the inventors never dis
covered way tx the picture. When exposed to Light
The experiments OF Niepce from I8Ii TO 1927 led to
the invention OF crude helOtype process by the OF
rp.iu -
duccd D1guerrc, in 1921 20 join in experimenting with
hin. In 1880 Daguelres process was given to the
world When The first brought to tins country,
II was REGARDED aS incredible Cnlt I1'r years prioic,
the public bad been =, ho9xed 9., by IL cleyorIy;,
Lord Ross had discovered in the moon through
his big telescope at the Cape of Good Hope A very
graphic account o: the moons Inhabitants was given,
and the article gained in reality from xxi! fu u7e OF
great moon hoax" was exploded So people were
naturally skepca about DagIlerres astonishing story
Draper APPLAUSE He had nye, ,tigatcd the subject
and his familiarity with physics and optics gave him n
cicw 10 Important improvements "hieA no soon au-
nounctd.
copper III tel win silver over vessel OF iodine,
whrn heated the yapor iodine attacked tBe silver and
produced a coating of iOdc OF silver the plate was
then placed IN camera, and when the nas fell on the
srnstI:e plate picture was produced IhIs was not
oFi'pt a pctaTc S T lie sio@ei away E' MS mates in
dark closet; when he brought them out
forth clear distinct. In searching Tor the agent that
had doycCed them, he discovered some mercury, and
\ gentleman IN Brooklyn has revived what may be
called the lost art OF Dasucrc and now producco very
perfect specimens of these pictures.
Landscapes all that Daguerre could take; "a #
required hour to ix the picture. no human endurance
Wa, equal to such strain. Dr. Draper found that by
inverted lenses lie could shorten the time II was sup
posed uat the yelio" tinsc OF the complexion would be
fatal To the picture. Draper used 10 bring
OUT dreGsng box from tho kitchen, and powder
IL. face or the sitter, who was then placed
under blue glass II he could hold for twenty min
Utos be secured picture III Iact, Dr: Draper oit'n
took picture sitting down calmly in front Of his
camera hiifhour. and then proceeding to develop
the negative But the great trouble with dtSuerrotypts
was the expense. E,cn picture required 4 new plate.
An Englishman, EoXIaibot, first produced silver
paper photograph, winch was the germ OF the modern
process. TaDots Process i now carried on IN Germany
IL wa- largely usca duIng the fanco-Plu'san war for
the making ot maps. An hour after survey had been
made, an oihcer cou.d be provided WIN g"od
man OF tho hostile territory. several chemists
lriod 20 hnd something better than, paper TO
came in Ill when schVnbeir, OF Basic discovered gun
cottou Cotton, he Iound wnou exposed to hinc acid
and thrr The discovery ~ this latter property the
foundation Ol photography. When gunGoltqn IA dis
MN on ihe surface Ola pgtc which holds silver
IL gives all our negatives from winch thousands OF
,rir,,.s NAV be struck OIL.
Tn@ process OF taking photograph then shown by
tho professor ana his assistants The Gamer! obscure
large one, einpIoird n recent forgery >utt
To detect The spurious signatures 10 several checks Ii
WAS the rybrsc ~ thOsc IN common use. the pcie be-
ins placed inside and the ground glass Patc without
ear the lecturer sad. u an ImpOridnt part OF the
Gamer :, but ,omct.es II plays SAT haN0c Ohe Oi the
Iui- parties went take views OF the last
transit OF Venus returned home "lti many plates When
found that to over the camera lid nos bGcn
removed: hence. they back with bl NIX plates. II
must h. remembered thar there Il no picture on the
late when comes rom The camera Tbs Is developed
y Druosulphato OF iron which ptecipatcs The silver
and make, the outlines Of tho picture visible 10 the eye
W.cn subjected to hyp0,uphaIc o. soda dried and var.
nlshtd, tLIs plate forms a negative.
An anbgotypc Is negative mounted on dark surface
This Is usually Il coat OF black yagnlSh SILVER prints are
made by exposing paper dipped ~ chloride O silver To
,ht under silver .aliye. number Of tEose prints
were shown and the method explained OF producing
moonlight c.iccts. Photographs, sad the Lecturer,
never produce nature cSac,ly-WhiCi Is rarely To
Le desired. The next two steps in photo
rr,phv were the Introduction of gclane with
6igmons 10 form scnsilized plate, and the PRINT
r,, OF negatives with printer, INK. By the method de-
Ird by Albert OF Munich. 100 pictures may be printed
IN "A ,lay. Albert. OF Munich as well as Edward Bier
.i,t of this city, engaged IN pcrfecug process
or prlEt.ns photograph, IN colOrs. The lecturer then
,v.. d. ,criItlon or the methods of producing hello
ITn.s etc. exhibiting illustrations of
each
THE KELSEY INCESTiG1TIONA