davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-09-04
Two Ballots to Each White Voter

Two Ballots to Each White Voter
The Charleston IS. c. Ne,cs and
Courier, the leading and ablest news
paper of the bulldozers in that State
says: "The sentiment of the State j:
that the negroes shall not be molested
so long as they stay quiet and do no1
put themselves forward as politica
leaders. The understanding was tina
they should let politics alone" NJ
one whopays any attention to the ut
terances of the Southern press can fai
to observe that it is becoming more
and more outspoken and its tone
more and more defiant. The questions
involved in a late utterance of General
Beatty, of Ohio, are not only preg
nant with importance, but timely and
pertinent. Hesays: "Shall the South
ern white man be permitted to cast
two ballots to the Northern white
mans one? Shall the South have
thirty representatives in the electoral
college and the national Congress
based on the freedmen, and yet bt
permitted to disfranchise the freed
men,"
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-09-04

THE democrats of the 9th congress
sional district of this state did not
think it profitable to trade with the
greenbackers on old man Hoggatt,
and so they have put up democrat,
Walter III. Brown, of Emmett county.
Of Mr.. Brown we can say nothing
more than that he belongs to a large
family in this countryside Browns
are plenty. Hoggatt is another of the
renegades. He used to belong to the
republican party, but his eminent
abilities were not appreciated as he
thought, and so he casts aside princi-
pie and goes out after strange gods
thinkingth they would pay better. just
SO did Weaver and Gillette. Gillette
had lots of money and he got dem
ocratic endorsement; Weaver has no
money,-though he has been most
bountifully fed by the republican par
ty, but he has lots of wind and brass,
and so he got democracy to play the
coward and say 'H acas not e.rpediea'
tonominate," butpoor old Hoggatt had
neither money, nor good wind works
and he was left.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-09-04
THEY DON'T LIKE 1T.

They don't like the government
which brought it about, nor the mer
who filed, and paid, and supported
the armies that conquered them. II
is hard for a man who has fattened on
the labor of other men to come down
to labor for himself. 1t is hard for 8
family used to pampered luxury,
drawn by oppression from the unre'
Quilted toll of other families, to take
up the drudgery of life and work as
other toilers do. A despot don't like
to become subject. 1t is hard to
throw off a life of Incidence and put
on one of labor. People SO situated
will look around for relief. Thesouth-
ern people have always looked to po-
litical action for relief. To that they
are looking now. They looked to Sc.
cessiOn and We're overwhelmed by
force Of arms. They have not sur
rendered that madness; but their pres
ent resort is the new idiocy of home
rulp
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20

Irvine. Convenient to the branch
and on higher level, tin can with
small hole bored in the bottom, is
affixed; through the hole a piece of
string knotted at the end is run, from
the inside, the knot closing the hole
in the tin. The string is led down
and fastened around the sacking, the
final end being conducted among the
dirt. Water is filed into the can
from which it win issue gradually
and continuously, keeping the dirt
constantly moist Once a day the
water in the can should be reilled.
In month or six weeks dnring the
growing season, rootlets will issue
forth into the dirt and ultimately find
their way through the sacking.
When it is time to sever the branches
care must be taken after this is done
toishade and water the. young tree,
and aid it to establish itself, and if
successfully done it viii repay all
trouble. In a country like India, du-
ring the rains, this is a most expedi-
.tious method. In some instances
plants are propagated from pieces Of
roots and this is successful when
every other means fail leaves again
proliferous when placed under proper
conditions, and buds are used as cut
tings with great success,
l have endeayored to'show, that
race of ipeole, Of whom I have been
told are barbarians, are sufficiently
1l4alEs~n..4ss,+hN..;s,4a aaesss-- -pf frpit era.u-
simply growing the best kinds, who
have long since discarded the mon
grel Seeding forms as untenable in
their marts and in their homes; pro-
gressive rather than retrograde.. in
their means and appliances in deal
ing with Horticultural matters, and
who enjoy the reputation of being
second to none within the tropics, in
that respect. / always found the
gardeners there respectful, intelli-
gent and faithful, in their dealings,
and interested in the duties they pro-
fessed. b.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20

aadsnot otherwise And this is Sci.
ence. 1t is the coming short of this,
the inference first, and precluding
the patient, close enquiry, that our
friend repudiates; and when he sup
posed himself "a devotee at the
shrine Of Science he was only wor-
Shipping the dumb idol of speculation
for whose devoteth himself to- true
science, can no more forsake or dis
trust her, than the logic of his own
intellect; for the chief aud highest
functions of the human mind. is to
know;-hence man has only to k7to,c
in norder to love knowing and to be-
lieve in knowing. a6oi
1t is only the ignorant that despise
knowledge and they despise mot, but
vainly pride themselves on the little
they do know or presume to know.
To say that " Science is only a camp
follower, instead of the intreped and
gallant general, that leads the van in.
the march of progress and invention y
would of itself, merit no attention
whatever. But it is published in the
FLORIDA AGRICCLTURIsT, and in an
article of much merit Therefore I
cannot otherwise than consider it al
together unbecoming its author, and
associations, calculated to do no
harm among those who are privi-
legged to know the first principles OF
any science, or even the definition Of
the word science, except perhaps, tc
very IowsIueai iItr oua'1asetSisilee e.sstetss,'
ment, but calculate to foster the vain
pride of ignorance, which is the great
est obstacle TO the advancement of
knowledge among the masses of the
people.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20
TROPICAL NURSERIES,.
British India.
Editor Florida AgricuLtawist:
(Concluded.)

Editor Florida Agricultarist:
(Concluded.)
In marching, the stock previously
growing in the pot or ground as the
case may be, is brought in contact
with the branches that are to be uni
ted. This operation is similar to
grating, only the scion is not de-
tached but is partially fed by the pa
rent plant during the process, and is
only severed when the union is CON-
plete. The most prolific source of
obtaining plants on their own roots,
of hard wooded kinds, and of large
size, and in the shortest time, is by
the circumcision or ringing process
of layering, called here gootus.'
We have here the secret of the Chi
nese miniature trees in full bearing,
and it is specially applicable to fruit
trees, as during the process, leaves,
flowers and fruiting, go on undis-
turbed, and when the time comes to
sever the branch, no check is visible.
In Florida, by aproper selection
OF fruiting branches of the orange,
lemon, lime, and others Of the citrus
family, it would be possible to exhib'
it our choicest fruit at the State Fairs,
growing as miniature tree, planted
in tubs or pots, and nothing would
add more to the attractiveness Of the
display than this would, besides it
obtains precocity of bearing after
wards, above all other means, and is
an easy mode of obtaining choice
kinds. The branch selected is cut
quite around in two places, at least an
inch apart, the bark between the cuts
being taken clean away, exposing the
wood. This wound has applied to it
a handful or two of dirt, kept in place
by a piece of old sacking, bound
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20
Orange Ridge Agricultural and
immigration Society.

The meetings of this Society, are
steadily increasing in Importance
and interest, giving promise of ma
terial benefit to the community gen.
orally. A committee has been ap-
pointed to draft Typographical map
of this and the adjoining township,
to be kept foI the information and use
of the society and the public. An
invitation has been extended to all
having lands for sale, to attend the
meetings of the society for the pur-
pose of maturing the best plans for
their sale. Another good action OF
the society, is the abolishment of all
fees and dues, necessary expenses be-
ing betrayed by voluntary contribu-
tions. Some 1000 acres ot.land have
been placed in charge of the execu-
tive committee for disposal, consist
ing of the best grades of hammock
and pine. From the we'll known
business qualifications, of the mem
bers OF the committee, we predic'
early sales.
One of the most important
jects now under consideratio;3S' care care
Lemon, which, having ben" V'"e-
by experience, to be one
certain and profitable aoice northern
and doubtless willnealthy and prom
investigated, and IAN, Concord, Hart
and culture decidley, Massasoit alem,
ed. Several which ripen early and
nresanted 7nOrthern markets. Prices,
three var A0' ""' "0"'ei'
examiaress.
beer DeLAND q PARCE
wo2 DeLand Volusia onuty.,
TOrders left at this Office will receive
careful attetiOn.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20
Contents of this Number.

Page 217-Scienee; Tropical Nurseries.
Page 21S-Let Bygones be Bygones, poetry;
Kate's Prince; How Tim Became a
Farmer,
Page 219-A Queer Old Peer; Advertise
ments.
Page 22Q-Fungoid Growth; The Oleander
Scale Bug; Passion Fruit Again Books
deceived; Answer to Correspondents !;
Fioridiana; Locals.
Page 221-A New Florida Enterprise; Ad-
vertlsements.
Page 222-Planting Trees in Autumn: ::
How to Manage Bones in Small Way !;
Tobacco. Culture Apples Cheaper than
Ever; A Chance for Fig Growers Milk
Consumption Cured; Legal Notices.
Page 23-Advertisements
Page 924-Telegraphic Advertisements.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20
SCIENCE.
40. IN.
BY PROFESSOR J. H. FOWLER

II fhOt ESSOh j. ii. EOM LER.
Editor Florida Agricultauist: .t
Each bud of a tree of itself is an
individual plant and by dividing
itself in its very early stage of de-
velopment gives rise to other individ-
uals similar to itself This is not re-
production proper but growth. What
is supposed to be single bud is a
compound of several buds success
lively produced, one from the other,
in this way though all may be en-
closed in the same sheath of leaves.
Now it is fact that the leaf and
blossom are each modified forms of
the same primal element of structure
and at some period in the subsequent
evolution or growtha of shs.ta~4-...-,.,
ure it is determined that it shall
come to be one or the other Of these
organs. And this determination of
the destiny-whether leaf or flower
of that primary element of struct-
ure depends on certain conditions of
the parent bud brought about by
the other parts of the tree or by the
more external environment. at
If this determination of the ele-
mental structure of the bud is passed
in favor of blossoms, the subsequent
evolution must obey it, whether the
bud remain upon, and is nourished
by, the parent stem, or be removed
and united with another. Hence we
sometimes see buds blossoming and
even bearing fruit the first year.
Other than this-bearlng the first
year-a bud from young unbearing
tree will fruit just as soon as bud
from an older tree or from bearing
tree. am aware that this contra
diets the commonly received opinion
but it is nevertheless an experiment
tai and philosophical or scientifically
rational fact. The bud being an in
dividual plant itself young and usu
ally much less than year old, and
giving rise by growth or evolution
to subsequent buds and these to 9th
ers in succession and thus increase
the parts and build up the whole
structure. This process goes on IL
a healthy tree until something nea1
the maximum size is attained or a
least until there is absorbed and 81
to speak stored up sufficient quan
tity of energy to produce fruit with
out detriment to the whole. Thel
there is brought about condition
which normally determines that SOM
of these newly forming buds shall
evolve fruit instead of leaves ant
branches. Mark! This condition
and the determination By this condi
ton, affects the buds, after they be
gin to be, and before they have ad
vanced beyond certain stage o
growth, just as in the impregnatio'
of the ovule the act must take plac
at a certain very young stage o
development OF the ovule. 1t
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20

be perused impatieny and bv MANY
thrown aside and tfse very readers
will be practical agculturists. prac-
tical and successful len and they will
still go far out OF thway to get buds.
from bearing trees ad point to facts
and +" common nsdto prove that
seedlings should bbudded and the
buds should be tahn from beaSnn
trees to make thel bear sooner.R
Example.-A putsdlbuds from bear
ing trees. B buds rom young un-
bearing seedlings. AS trees bear
the second year ffm budding, BIS
do not bear until til, fourth or even
the sixth year from budding "a
always did belieFt-the 'common
sense thar buds FINN bearing trees
would fruit sooner than buds from
unbearing or young trees and now
had proved it." 81 reasons 6 the
practical .pomologist,'
But this reasoning apparently
based upon facts is easily shown to
be only in part bsed upon facts.
The facts are AS tee did bear in
one year, BIS did moi bear in three
years. AS buds were from bearing
trees, BIS buds were from young un-
bearing trees. These are the knoacn
tacts=-the supposed fact is assumed
or rather is only a conclusion or de-
duction not at an logical or legiti-
mate.
It does follow from the known
pends on the respective ages OF tbe
trees from which the buds were taken.
We must stop and look well and
carefully at very many other facts in
relation to these groves of A and B,
which have to do with the time of
fruiting. This is no bubble, it is
practical common sense, though the
"Practicap often becomes impatient
at this point. "It is plain enough"
"You can see it with your eyes shut"
"What more do you want" What l
want, what all especially practi-
cal farmers want, is that which our
author says he don't want for he has
"Found her to be an arrant humbug,"
science.
Stop moment my esteemed prac-
tical friend, you say too many good
thingsto be let offin this way. Wha
is it to be practical in the true sense?
Is it not to do right things in the
right way? And suppose we do not
know the right things or the right
way? Must we not, to be practical !,
try to learn? To do otherwise--work
at haphazard-would be impractical
indeed. What then are the things
to be learned? They are evidently
the facts and the why OR how of the
facts Of nature. And is not this sci
ence? / have yet to learn that sci
ence is anything else. To know that
a thing is so, and not otherwise, this
is science. Many practical and sue
cessful men "prove" by facts that Fri
day is an unlucky day the world over.
Many farmers believe in the moon
and act upon it. A plants a tree on
the moon, B buds tree on the moon
G picks fruit on the moon, D is no
lunatic but plants, buds, and picks
regardless of the lunar phases but
fails utterly, while the three first sue
ceed admirably. So, henceforth, all
pomologists observe the moon. Is
this practical farming? The true
practical course would be to study
terrestrial hsnomena, observe all
and singular the facts affecting the
culture and conditions of each and
be careful in eYery conclusion and
inference, to know every fact as it is
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-11-20
DeLand, Florida, Wednesday, November 30, 1873

doubtless true that the forming buds
OF the previous Summer or Fall are
then, or during Winter, determined
to be either leaf or fruit buds.
Now if all the buds in one bud
enveloped are determined to become
leaves or If some OF them are not
yet mature enough for this action i. e.
If none of The buds in one sheath are
yet influenced by the age of the tree
OF by other conditions so that they
must be fruit buds and the bud or
bundle of buds be removed from the
parent STEM at this time it is certain
that the age Of that stem or tree has
had nothing whatever to do with the
future time of bearing in the subse.
quent growth of that bud; e. Q.
Here are blossoms on the extreme.
ties of branch ten feet from anv
part of the structure existing when
the bud was cut away from the pa
rent twig and three years in time
removed entirely from the parent
stem, now unless an influence three
years previous was exerted by the
parent tree to make these buds bear
blossoms instead of leaves, their
being blossoms now could have
nothing whatever to do with the
then bearing or nonbearing condition
of the parent tree.
The bud remoued is itself ayoung
plant, the twig, whence is removed,
is also young, back, perphaps, to the
----s4---i -
which alone is old. If the young
bud from young twig attached to
an old trunk has not become a bear
ing bud so as to necessarily evolve
blossoms in its first subsequent stages
of growth, then it is evident that
any successive progeny of buds pro-
duced by the growth of this young
leaf bud cannot become fruit buds
except by subsequent conditions ex-
isting and acting after those new
buds shall have begun to exist.
Unless the influence which makes
buds become fruit buds and not leaf
buds be actively exerted generations
and years before those buds exist
even in their smallest structural ele-
ments, it is impossible that the age
of the tree whence buds are taken
should effect the time of fruiting
after the unfolding of the incipient
buds inserted. But here seems to
be fact inconsistent with the above
position, viz:
VARIETY s5'sr
Chow is it determined by the
condition of the parent stem if the
time of fruiting is not so deter
mined? ?"
Here is a falacy which only scien.
tifc habits can enable US to detect.
The falacy is in the word conditions
It is not condition which means a
state, temporary or otherwise, that
determines variety, whatever the con-
dition the variety is the same perma-
nent organic element and persistent.
Variety is character not condi-
tion.
Whether a tree bear leaves or
fruit the variety is the same, but this
bearing depends on the condition.
but as it would make this article too
lengthy to say all we desire upon
this point, we will close by few re-
marks upon the loose and very fala-
cious use of language and observa-
ton of facts with the persistence of
pernicious theories consequent there
upon.
We are fully aware that this arti-
, 1878-11-30
a Good Place 10 Z ra &c.

Approaching the tact. that hsg,
shsr %, their most valuable trade comes
irIm the lower Snund cJuatry, and be
lieying that advertising is one OF the
legitimate mrthols Ut keeping mp an al
ready vtry extensive bu 'iness, as wall as
extending their business, nnd desiring
the pilrunags ot all ia tins section, the
proprirtors of the Arcade, The leading
house orits kind on the SouHd, have
ior some time intcndll to advertise their
select AMI varied stock OF lalirs and
gents furnishing gonds, dry goods, etc,
bat have been too busy selling goods
to take time to preptre such nj. an Us
they desire, 10 fully represent the TX
tent and variety OF their stock, 50 at
present they simply reserve the space,
which in due time MessrS. Boyd, PoDcin
and Young will fill by the proper des-
cription of all the leading lines Of dry
goods and clothing, they have taken so
much pains in selecting; always cndeav-
oring to get the lates; syles, and the
best quality OF goods in the market best
suited to the Sound trade.
This excellent house is so well known
for the quality Of the goods it carries the
experimental good Judgment ofits pro-
prietors, and the square dealings, that
those wishing honorable dealing, and
the hest grade Of goods at fair price
will be sure to call there whenever they
go to Seattle to do Their trading. When
once acquainted with their stock and
methods of dealing they will be apt TO
feel the truth Of the remark made by one
Of the leading ladies IN the soci1ty OF
this TO IN. whom We met trading there
q few days since. that she preferred to
t:ade there to any other place in SEATTLE,
because they kept II betterstock and were
p.casanter to trade with. THIS laay'5
judgment was confrned by some half
dozen or more other ladies of this place,
whom we saw trading the same day. i.
, 1878-11-30

cumpany'' machine shops, rolling stock,
etc., go Tacoma, al the same time largely
adding u Pierce county assessment,
Pacific cuuu,y's reduction We 80 not
understand King county has lost hy
tso coal E.incs siupping operations and
a lrsseuing in the price of Seattle town
property. The decline in ,hc other c,un-
liz, We cannot account Tor. TLe six
eastern cruaties show a gain Of Sl,3l2.
l7G. leaving only $ii6jo9.ja fnr the
other II cuuniirs which have shown a
gain. The greatest relative gain was
in Pierce aud Whitman counties.
Csurssr.
, 1878-11-30

Tor several years past, E. T. Young
has hren connected with The New
England Hotel Of Olympia, and las ever
bore The reputation Ola courteous gentle.
man and an excellent landlord, The
old Hotel property became so deInpida-
ted that last year he declined to renew
the lease to the premises THIS lcd to
negotiations hy which, in the end Il
brother, Mr.. VIM. Young, an experience
I'd Hotel keeper, joined him, coming
from Caliicrnin to olympia.
On the 2;th OF last April, they pur-
chased the whole property for $j,i25,
since which date they have expended
more than rs mnch more IN rebuilding
r,titling, cleaning " and purifying the
premises. so ,Iiat no ueater. cleaner or
more convenient hotel property need
be found anywhere. Although the
terms are very M lrrite, the acconmD-
dllions ure eXccl,ra; and the treatment
arst class, because ootn proprrtors nrc
gn,lpmea who know now to keep u
hotel, make moncyat il, where Others
void i,il, agl be S'n.lrm'ay a1d
courteous 'uuL