Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1878-07-30
Close of the Berlin Congress.
TREATY OF BERLIN ACCOMPLISHED.

OAUSC VI tAic DcIxlu VOuxTcSSs |
TREATY OF BERLIN ACCOMPLISHED.
The most important Congress of mod
ern times came to happy conclusion
On Saturday, the 18th inst. at Berlin
All the plenipotentiaries and other
were present in full dress, as
at the opening of the congress. The
commenced at 2:30 and end
ed at o'clock. The treaty was signed
by all the plenipotentiaries alphabet
cally. The secretaries attended previ-
ously at l o'clock in the afternoon to
affix the plenipotentiary seals to each
copy. After the signature, Count An
Grassy warmly eulogized Prince Bis
marck's presidency. Prince Bismarck
thanked the plenipotentiaries for their
indulgence. The proceedings terminal
ed with grand court dinner at White
Hall palace. The Crown Prince, Fred
erick William, congratulated the illus
trious statesmen upon the realization of
his hopes that the blessing of peace
crowned their efforts. He declared that
Germany's co operation can be counted
on for all that tends to secure and pre-
serve this great benefit. He drank the
health of the plenipotentiaries of the
sovereigns of the governments who
this memorial day signed the Treaty
of Berlin. The only absentees from
the banquet were Lord Beaconsfield
and Prince Gortschakoff.
| The Baltimore San thus speaks OF the
results of the treaty =
1.-THE least that can be said of the
treaty of Berlin is that it is a thorough
and complete revision of San Stefano,
| which is literally torn into shreds. Rus
sia, who has expended vast amount OF
blood and treasure in her war against
Turkey, has largely failed, by the decision
of the Berlin congress, to reap the fruits
of her victories. All that she gains ter
ritorially is the retrocession of her old
province of Bessarabia and strip OF
Armenia adjacent to her old trans eau
casian frontier, with the port of Batoum,
ON the Black sea, for commercial pur.
poses, but she Is forbidden to fortify and
| use diS d LAVAL diStuGl. 1AC lul tACl CA
tension of her territorial possessions in
fectually blocked by the defensive treaty
concluded between England and Tur
key, whereby England acquires thu
island of Cyprus. and engages to defent
the remaining possessions Of Turkey in
Asia against all corners. Even in thu
matter of money indemnity for tn
expenses of the war Russia farea badly
for whatever may be the sum that ha
been agreed upon-and on this heat
, the treaty, as we have it, is silent-t i
i understood that the Turkish bonds, il
the hands Of European holders, tax
precedence of the Zar claims of Russia
, Of all the western powers taat are par
ties to the changes effected in the Tur
kish empire Austria is the only on
substantially benefited. She has BEEF
authorized TO occupy Bosnia aud Her
$ zegovina militariiy, ap4 in reply to
y demand made upon her by Turkey ia
= refused to put a limit to the term of be
occupation. There seems to be YER
little doubt that those provinces viii
ultimately be incorporated with tn
~ Au2rian empire. As respects Tuf
swept away by the treaty. Her frontier
v,
r of the Balkan range Bulgaria an
" Eastern Raumelia are henceforth to b
neutrality-suspicious. principalities, payin
- tribute to the Porte, and recognizing t
q that extent the Sultan's suZerainty.-
q But local self government is to be estab
iished in both, the western powers nom
mating the new Prince of Bulgaria an
II the Porte nominating the Governor Q
: Eastern Roumella, who is, however, t
" be Christian. Roumania, SeTvia an
Montenegro, each with increase of tel
>, ritory. are henceforth to be totally in
q dependent Of Turkey. But the tribut
N they have hitherto paid is to be capi
- taliZed. and they are to meet their pro
portion of the Turkish debt. The ad
: ministration of affairs in Albania, Thes
o sally, Epirus and Crete is to be super
= vised by commissioners appointed b,
.. the pagers, whilst the English protec
, torate established oyer gAsiatic Turke.,
n ought to, aud probably will, iHsEre goo
: government there. These points cove
n provisions of the treaty at Berlin. Th
Turkish power, it will be observed,
now limited to the provinces south G
g the Balkans and stretching from til
|. Eyean sea to tae Adriatic But sh
q still retains in addition certain rights Q
n suzerainty over Egypt and Syria. a
well as what may be called "a dorman
, right" over Tripoli. If the object @
o Russia was not one of conquest, and
\ she did not aspirs ultimately to tho pos
: session of Constantinopie, but Gin2i,
= to weaken Turkey by stripping her o
her outlying principalities, her end ha
d been attained. But the interposition Q
# independent principalities between he
: and what remains Of European Turke.
r more effectually precludsa her from as
: sailing the latter than ever before. wnil
the reafIirmatioE Of the validity 0
@ those provisions of the treaty of Pari
q that remain unchanged by the treaty O
]. Berlin not only continues to close tn
Dardanelles to ships Of war, but pro
. hibits Russia from establishing
naval arsenal on the shores Of the Blacl
sea''