New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-07-13
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE.

ground the so-ealed eerealin OF the bran inducing
chemical changes which result in moist, clammy'
dense product Even whole wheat merely crushed Into
NEAL and not ground partakes Of the same defect Fine
four on the other hand yields a bread which is light
enough before mastication, but which, when mas
ticated possesses a marked tendency TO become com
pacted into dense Jumps which may never DC
penetrated by the gastric and intestinal juices ana
which are frequent cause OF constipation. Whole
meal bread cannot be charged with this defect !;
indeed, 1t acts incidentally as laxative, and by
reason OF its mechanical texture is hurried rather
too quickly along the digestive tract, so that
the full virtue OF such OF its nutrients as are really
soluble becomes in part lost. Yet there Is no
doubt that for many persons especially those who nave
passed middle age and engaged IN sedentary Occu-
patOns, whole-wheaten meal In the form OF Bread
biscuits scenes, etc, forms an invaluable diet III we
could reckon all the heterogeneous matter In whoemea
bread as equally effective with that contained In white
bread should possess in the former Tar more per
fecly adjusted food for the ratio OF heshOrmers 10
heat-gvers Is about to zig In white bread while II
approaches TO in some samples, at least OF whole
bread. Add to this the higher proportion OF phos
pilates in the latter and its chemical superiority over
white bread becomes still marked; It's flavor too
is far richer. Ordinary brown bread ls poor prepar
ton at the hest BY adding dash of rather rough bran
TO -four do obtain satisfactory OF rleh prOduct
analysis demonstrates this fact clearly.
THE MIGRATORY HERRING.-A fact OF some
interest and importance has occurred this year in the
long interval Of absence. hundred years ago no indus
try of that country was prominent the fisheries
more than million barrels OF herrings being preserved
annually involving the employment OF large portion
of the population in their capture and preparation
Enormous establishments scattered along the coast In
which vast amount Of capital had been invested have
long been abandoned and in ruins. Should the
promise Of this year continued the probability is that
the former prosperity will be fully restored Scientific
men are at loss to account for this apparently capri
cious change in the OF the fish, II Is known that
the herring breeds in ncalcuable numbers, and that
when on its periodical migratlons u moves IN shoas Oh
countless myriads extending frequently ior lleS Ln
each direction but disturbing causes whch lead the
lish 10 chahge tnelr COURSE ao 9. ~ ~ go ,
they supposed TO be connected with the 1000 supply
special commission has been appointed by the swedish
Government 10 examine the whole subject
A SELF-REGIsTERING TARGET. A target
which indicates simultaneously to the marksman the
exact result OF his has been invented by NJ Mante
Reter, OF Winterthur Switzerland. The mechanism
(which is still kept secret is placed behind an ordinary
target the shock OF the ball produces mechanical con-
TACT and closes an electric circuit that index at
once from table at the side Of the marksman.
The target and table divided into numbered conoeu
trio circles and these rings subdivided into
four sections quarters, by twolnes at right angles
TO each other passing through their common centre.
hole is pierced ia each these divisions and In the
small circle in the centre Of the target When ball
strikes the target number Is presented automatically
the table, in the hole corresponding to the quarter Of
the touched. At the time there rises on the
right side OF the table small card bearing the same
number which may bo delivered TO the marksman BY
simple mechanism the numbers are pushed In again,
and the target Is ready 70 Indicate fresh shot The
inventor is constructing second apparatus In which
the table will indicate not only the numbered zones, hut
will give complete image OF the target, so that the
may Judge more certainly TO the point he
has struck All the balls which reach the target are re-
tanned IN II.
SUN ENGRAVING on CoPPER.-The value OF
the Of helograyure engraving upon cop
per- is shown by the experience OF the Austrian Military
Institute. The maps OF the new Austrian
ordnance map carefully drawn paper on scale OF
TO 10000. They then reduced phoographcally TO
scale OF TO 5000 transferred upon copper touched
up and printed In this each sheet OF the map
be produced In nine months, while the same amount
Of work engraved the usual requires nearly
forty-six months for its completion. The whole OF the
Austrian staff map consisting OF 715 sheets will thus
be completed IN about twelve years NO less than ~
process regards cost and rapidy Of publication are
evident, and they fully compensate for any slight nfe-
norty In the appearance OF the work.
USING THE POWER OF NIAGARA FALLS
According to The Buffalo Commercial Advertiser com
pany has formed that city TO utilize the water
passing Niagara Falls for driving machinery. The
plan cOntemplates the employment Of huge air oylin-
ders the bottom OF the fail and large feeding basin
above. the perpendicular fall between the two being 214
feet. It is estimated that power enough thus be
generated TO raise $4,000 gallons OF water $50 feet
every minute The working OF the proposed machinery
is 10 be briefly as follows After the water the reser
voir on the top OF the bank Is high enough will escape
down pipe and force air into the largo cylinders. The
capacity OF the reservoir aud Of the cylinders Is
ranged that the former will be exhausted by the time
the desired compression has been obtained below While
the reservoir Is again filling with water the cylinder be-
exhausted and Ia ready for another charge Thus
the operation Is repeated at regular intervals In each
cylinder and there being several OF them continuous
charge OF highly compressed is secured 1t is said
that considerable capital has been paid In, aud that
practical operations have already begun.
A MOUNTAIN OF TN.-Tasmania, or Van
Diemans Land the large island to the south of Austria
liza rapidly becoming noted for the quality and extent
Of its tin supplies Four years ago the value OF It's
ports OF tin aud tin 000 while last year they
70 nearly 81 100000. Ono Of the most pro-
ductive regions ia the Mount Bischof district but this
has now been eclpsed y the discovery OF tin noun
tain at Mount IIeemskirk, on the west coast. The
about 25 per cent OF TIM but the existence OF solid
seams Of the metal traversng the mountains in
veins several feet In depth ana wd has been demon
strated. Some nuggets" Weighing several hundred
weight have been found Sieding nearly per
cent OF pure metal Mixed with the tin too, Is a small
quantity Of gold about ten ounces TO the ton, not su
Client itself render 10 worth seeking but adding con
siderably to the tin miners profits.
LIGHTNING AND TREEs.-It cannOtbe too often
repeated at this Of the year. when thunder storms
are 80 frequent, that one OF the most dangerous
places in which 20 seek shelter Is under a
large tree. OF all the persons and animals
killed by lightning probably eight-tenths have been
under or trees. Oak trees more fire.
quently than any others draw lightning from the clouds
partly perhaps, because the close grain OF the oak in
creases ts conducting power and partly because the sap
Of the oak contains large quantity Of iron In solution
which, by mprGgnang the wood and bark has the same
effect But tree In this country enjoys the exemption
OF the Indian bauyan, which, at least the HndOOs
heve is never touched by lightning. The Pisburg Com
eredI takes the recent disaster at picnic near thar
city text from which TO give its readers some good
advice about avoiding trees In thunder storms and makes
the practical suggestion that the propreOrs OF groves
frequently rented for picnios and such entertainments i'm
tbe should provide or sheds