davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

Cows HOLDING UP MILK-A cores
pondent of the Queenslander summarizes
the physiological peculiarites of the man.
mary glands of the COW in the following
manner, thus explaining why COWS can
hold up their milk:
The bag or udder is divided into four
parts, entirely distinct from each other,
except as they are held together by men,
braneous ligaments. The milk in each is
held in continent tubes, which like the
roots of tree, are all concentrated into
one, Just above the teat-the milk entering
that funnel shaped organ by a single chan
mel. Just at the upper end of the teat
the walls of this channel are contracted,
and the contraction is surrounded by a
band of muscular iibres. The will of the
COW can operate on this band, contracting
or expanding it at pleasure, making it
operate like valve At the junction of
each smaller tube with larger one is a
similar contraction and band, also under
the control of the will. Ordinarily, these
bands are contracted Gas in the neck of
the bladder) so that the milk has to crowd
its way through them to get from the
smaller into the larger tubes. This is an
aumiraOle drranpeuleuI Ior sustaining the
weight of the milk equally in all parts of
the udder, and preventing it from pressing
heavily upon the teats. When the udder
is full, if the milk is drawn out of the teats,
relieving the pressure in them, it requires
vigorous effort of the will of the COW to
prevent the pressure above from crowding
the milk down to fill the vacancy. If the
udder is only partly filled she can hold the
milk back more easily, and the less there
is in it, the more easily can she maintain
the tension of the muscular bands ncces-
sary to prevent entirely the milk from
flowing through them. When the mixer
first takes hold of the tcats and begins to
milk. the excitement causes the COW to
contract the bands so firmly as to hold
back the milk perfectly for u time. But
presently this vigorous contraction will
begin to- slacken and the milk will pour
through, and if all is quiet she will relax
the bands fully, when the milk settles
down upon the teats, and if quickly drawn
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

Here is Il crumb of comfort from a pri-
vate letter from one of Our old subscribers,
to whom we say,-one thing thou lackest.
Send us some of gour ideas for other read
ers of the FREEMAN, and so increase its
usefulness:
II saw the directions in the FREEMAN
concerning butter boxes, and l think the
directions plain enough so all who wish to
do so can put up their butter in that style.
| think it just the thing for Vermonters,
and the FREEMAN just the paper for all
Vermont farmers. get new idea or
two, often more, every week. We must
brush up our brains little if we are to
compete successfully with the west.
Yours, C. s. D..
Bethel, April g. 1873"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

about 20 per cent of the fat will occur in
the form of small globules which cannot
rise, which is. in fact, the result arrived at
in practice.
1t is of great Importance that this
point should be definitely settled, but
meanwhile, brethren. we had better not
entirely stop trying to make butter, but
keep on doing as well as we can, remem-
bering there is little danger of too much
care in the matter Of cleanliness, in
furnishing plenty of good food and pure
water for your cows; and then, whether
you set one way or another, or skim sweet
or sour, work by hand or by worker, we
will get fair product. till doctors agree on
the science which shall give us perfection,
and settle which is bob-tailed science. "
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

ScHooLBoY FRATERNITY.-The are at
Harrow. as at every other large school,
many traditions that are handed down
from generation to generation of boys of
their predecessors, who are usually repre-
sented rs little short of demi-gods. One
of them, said to be II fact, occurred during
the headmastcrship of the late DR.. Vaughn.
one of liarrow's greatest beneiactors,
who brought the school to its present state.
1t is necessary, first, to mention that from
time immemorial tail-coats have been
worn BY the upper-form boys. One night,
rs the head master was walking out, he
saw u boy who, contrary to rules, was also
enjoying the evening cool. On the boy
taking to his heels he Immediately gave
chase, and was so successful as to get pos
session of one tail of his coat. He thought
he would thereby be able to catch the chl-
prit the next morning in form; but what
was his surprise when the whole form
came in minus one tail.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
Care OF Calves.

We believe the general practice now is
to raise calves on skim milk; and we be-
lieve, further, that in dairy districts this is
the most profitable way to raise them, and
the most profitable way TO dispose of the
milk.
1t is unquestionably true that this is not
the food best fitted for the growth and de-
velopment of the animal. A very import
ant part has been taken away, and an in
crease Of the quantity of skim milk will
not make up for the loss.
The trouble we have had to contend
against in raising, calves on skim milk is
securing, and as this is seldom met with
in calves which suck, it must be chiefly
referable to the change of food and hab-
its; and to correct, us far as possible, these
difficulties, should be the aim of every
stock raiser who desires to raise the best
stock with the least cost; for an attack Of
scours checks growth, and, if severe, gives
the animal set back which whole sea-
son will hardly serve to fully make up.
As we have before indicated, we think
one great cause of the trouble is the lack
of oily matter in the milk, and that we
have tried to supply by adding oil meal to
the milk For this, take quantity of
meal sufficient for feed for your calves,
and pour enough boiling water on it to
make a thick porridge, and put in about II
gill, and this may be increased by degrees
till the quantity is doubled. With this
addition we have sometimes had cases of
securing, and these have been attributed
to another cause:
Calves, we believe, are generally al
lowed to run together, and in such cases
they will frequently suck each other. We
have allowed ours to run together till this
year, but we think it a poor way, to which
may be attributed much of the trouble
This year each calf has had separate
pen, and there has been but n single case
of securing, and that was one who had
managed to suck himself.
Another important item is regularity OF
feed, both in quantity and time of feeding
1t won't do to give calf half a meal in
the morning at the usual time, and then
because he was fed less than his usual IA
ton, feed him earlier at night, and give
him double rations.
Balyes at four weeks old will eat quite
a little handful of good hay or rowen, ant
ours get it every day; and calves so KEEP
AS we have before described-and KEEP
in their pens and fed hay, will do mucl
better than if allowed to run out to gras!
at least, such has been the experience o
some of the most successful breeders o
our acquaintance.
Calves will prove no exception to the
rule of the profit of good care, and youn2
animals repay it as well, if not better
than more matured stock.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

It can all be MIXED out to the very last
drop. But this perfect relaxation will only
last for a short time. If the milk IS not
soon extracted she will begin TO tighten
up the muscular bands again, and the last
part will be held back and permanently
retained when the mixer probably thinks
he has got itall, because it stops coming.
A COW should, therefore, be MIXED quick
" as we'll as quietly. A calf will draw
milk in three minutes, and a mixer should
come as near that time as possible. II the
time of milking is much prolonged she
will become impatient, and be sure not to
" give down" perfectly. The quietest
and quickest mixer gets the most and best
milk. because he gets all the ''strippings'"
which are the richest part.-Kansas Farm
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
goetry.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
John BRowSJoHN.

Without the clustering March winds blew,
Within around the evening nre,
As twilight fell we closer rev
And piled the blazing back log higher;
The household tyrant,--on my knee
EnIhroned, with stern imper!ousness
Looked up and uttered his decree:
Give me a riddle, sir, to guess"
Thus by the despot put to task,
Isearchcd my memory through and through
Until at last thought to ask
The old catch-question haply new
To him. And SO, with look profound.
"Tell me, your majesty" said,
Which. think you, weighs the more-a pound
OF feathers, or pound of lead?
He gave little scornful laugh
That put my wisdom quite to shame
"Oh, that's too easy, sir, by half;
Ofcourse they both would way the same.
Now It is nv turn. | have foundi
A catch worth two of yours, you'll see.
Tell me which weighs the more-a pound
OF feathers, or pound ofme"
"rm sure your majesty" said I,
"a pounds pound the whole world DER;
And therefore there's no reason why
One or the other should weigh more"
At which the monarch laughed outright,
And clapped his hands and cried," Well, sir,
You'll find you are mistaken quite,
The feathers are the heavier.
LEARNED it all in school to day,
cTis in my book, and must be SOY
That some pounds sixteen ounces weigh,
And some but twelve, as you must know.
A pound of feathers, you'll confess,
Would weigh sixteen-they're Avoirdupois.
pound of me would be the less,
For precious things are weighed by Troy"
drew the winsome, laughing face,
Close down to mine,-the golden hair
pushed it back, and in its place
fondly kissed the forehead fair.
"Thou'rt right" said, more precious far
To me thou art, my darling boy,
Than any gold and silver are,
Or costly jewels weighed by Troy"
Youths Com DdHiOn
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

MANURING CoRN.-Manuring corn in
the hill has the effect on poor soil of push
inc the crop forward in the start, Hog
manure in particular will do this. The
effect is quite wonderful, but it gradually
disappears. and in the fall, when the crop
is gathered, little if any difference is seen
between the MANFRED and unmanured
land, 1t is II permanent impression that
is wanted, and this will be the better Sc
cured by applying the manure broadcast
The reason of this will be seen when it is
considered that the roots of the corn after
it has grown, spread out in all directions,
occupying with network the whole eX-
tent OF the ground. Hence the benefit of
working the ground, us also of broadcast
manuring. This explains why working
between the rows, and leaving unstirred
the soil in immediate or near contact with
the hills, proves a success. 1t also explains
why corn thrives upon sod; the sod is
everywhere, feeding the roots as they ex-
tend.
Manure, however, has benefit when
applied in the hill. 1t will attract or
furnish moisture and give increased force
to the plant, thus favoring it in drouth
and starting it the sooner, just as any
rich ground will do. The better way is to
follow the pillow with an evenly spread
coat of manure, giving time enough tc
washout the soluble parts before planting
where sod is turned down for manure, and
the surface soil needs a stimulant to start
the seed. The better way, however, is tc
turn down the sod early enough and to fol
low with coat of manure or some fertil
izer, as corn will do better for the in
creased richness, there being sufficient a
the surface to start well the crop without
our manuring in the hill. Thus there will
be well-sustained growth from the time o
planting to the end of the season, the in
crease of fertility securing an increase o
yield, and a better preparation of our lan'
for the crops that are to follow. Besides
the high condition of the land will, in
measure guard against the mishaps of tn
season. Country Gentleman.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
MISCELLANEOUS.
- -->7-'----- -.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Mondau. ANIL 20 1sz0
TRAINS GOING SOUTH ANpE.sr

-'D NSANO oOOl IL AND EAST,
Leave Montpelier at s.S7 A.M.,LGP.N
II .0OP.M. "''S'.e and
Mail TRAIS leaves st. Adams ZOO A. NJ MOI,
York and intermediate points, Heiui New
EXPRESS leaves ROuses Point at 10 3UA ~ NJ.
90 M St Adams at u. NJ. Burlinrton IL gd pea
Montpelier Ia ?. NJ. for Boston via Lowell WIN
MIXED TRAIN leaves st. AlbanE5P N Bur,ir,
7I5 p NJ; Montpelier % M for Mortified soh
andintermediate points.
TRAINS GOING NORTH AND WEST
Leave Montpelier at s.15 $40. Hoo A.M.an,,,
DAY ExPREssleaves Bos ton via Fitc bburvb,,,.
n; wa Lowells0A NJ; New London 500 A M Snr;U
neldsO0A NJ Montpelier 40 p NJ for Burlin.,,p
Adams, Montresl, and Ogdensburg ST.
AcQoMMoDAT1os leaves White River uuctiopt L. .
NJ Moutpelier5 % P; ", for Burlington and 81 Aib.t
Johus and Montreal. i"Ans st.
MIXED leaves White River Junction 5OOA. NJ yo,,,
beld lO.45A arrives at MOntpelier II 25A " ''i'l
Accommodation leaves Montpelier Ii 90 A ~ o,
BURLINGTON st Adams, Rouses Point and RchfGra ior
NIGHT ExPREsslea Boston via Lowellat5 Az :,
heldsOOP NJ Montpe 3.l5A NJ ,fo- Burin yto my
Adams, Montrea and Ogdenshurgh an he Wa.H 81
Trains Leave Montpelierfor Barreat 6.32 Ass19 !,
Returning cave Barreat 7.IOA M. andl .OOand,,o,
Sleeping carsare attached to Night Expres,...,.
aud Springfield. and New York and via Tro Uu'.el
Parlor Cars and Day Express between Boston sn aug
Through tickets for Chicagoandt tn West for,,,s,,
the principal stations. at
J.w. HOBART.
CIV BENTLEY. "eh' Supt'
GenL Manager.
StAlbans, VT, April 81, 1873.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
A COMPLICATED CASE.

Gentlemen-My case is briefly as follows: have had
Catarrh ten years, each year with increasing
verify For min years had not breathed through
nostril. had dropPings in the throat vary bad
cough asthma bad to be obliged to take remedy
for night before being able to lie down and Sleep
and constant dun pain in my head Ny head " IS at
times so full of catarrhal matter to injure
of hearing and compel me to get several times in
the night to clear 1t and my throat before could
under the of quit three bottles of
Sanfords Radical Cure My hearing is fully restored
have no asthmatic symptoms cough, no drop
pings in the throat, headache and in every way am
better than have been for years. l could feel the
efets of the Cure on my appetite, my kidneys, and
in fact every part of my system What has been done
in my case is wholly due to the effects of the Radical
Cure. .....-
Very respectfully, C II LAWRENCE.
FitchburX. Oct. L.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
MISCELLANEOUS.
G. A T A R R Il
IS IT DURABLE ?

Those who have suffered from the various and com;
nlicated forms OF diseases assumed by Catarrh aud
have tried many physicians aud remedies without
ief or cure await the answer to this question with
con siderable anxiety. And well they may for dis
ease that can be mentioned is so universally prevalent
and so destructive to health as Catarrh Bronchitis,
Asthma Coughs and serious and frequently fatal af
fections Of the lungs follow in many instances case
~ simnle but neg ected Catarrh Other sympathetic
sffectons such as deafness, impaired eyesiyht and
loss OF of SMELL may be referred to as minor but
enough in them selves but as nothing compared with
The dangerous affections Of the throat and lungs likely
to follow.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
agricultural department.
o. M. TiNKHAM, Editor.

Accommodations for this department should be
ent to the editor, Mr.. o. II. TINKHAM, n. Pom
fret,Vt
Please writeon side of the paper only, sign such
name or initials as you wished published, but give
your FULL NAME AND ADDRESS, post Office County and
State
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

Thus in sixteen months more than half
and that the most valuable half-of the
manure had disappeared, leaving highly
carbonaceous matter, poor in all the ele-
menss of fertility. Making liberal allow
ances for my possible inaccuracy in the
calculation, there would still be y loss
sufficiently startling to impress the i'm
portance ofadopting a better practice than
usually prevails.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
1T CAN BE CURED.

II can be cured There is no doubt about IT, The i'm
mediate relief afforded by Sanfords Radical Cure for
Catarrh il but slight evidence of what may fallow
persistent use of this remedy. The hard, ncrusted
matter that lodged in the usual is reInov
al with few applications: the liberation aud inham
nation subdued and healed; the entire membranous
innings of the head are cleansed and purified Con-
stutionaly its action is that OF powerful purifying
agent destroying in its through the system the
acid poison the destructive agent in catarrhal dis
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

w. S. P.:-When barn-yard manure is
spread on the surface think that much
that is valuable is lost, and will give my
reason for thinking so. If you will place
a pile of straw or manure in some field
where there is nothing to run over it, you
will find that it will waste or all disappear,
and leave hole in the ground. If that
which evaporates does not rise too high it
will return in the dew. 1t may fall on my
farm or on my neighbor's. When we
move manure it well scent half mile or
more. | claim that it is the valuable part
that evaporates. When manure is spread
on the surface it will benefit the present
crop, but not the succeeding ones as it
would if plowed in. When it is plowed
in it will tell for years.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

Bearing on the way you will save and
apply your manure this spring, or some
other time, we give below extracts from
the Ohio Farmer, giving opinions of some
of its correspondents on the matter of loss
in surface spreading, and the results of DR..
Voelcker's experiments, given in the
Tribune. 1t will be observed that "W.
S. P" has only theory that stink is ma
nure, and so will evaporate, and gives no
experience to support his claim, while the
others have tried both ways" and give
conclusions reached by practice.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
G. o L l. IN s.
COL l. MS
V OIL Z A &c PL A S Il E R
An Electro Galvanic Battery combined
with a highly Medicated Strengthening
Plaster, forming the best Plaster for pains
and aches in the World of Medicine.

REFERENCES.
DIE NJ Riker. Montgomery, o
Mrs Frances Hartman, Orland, Me
Haskell Lewis, Esq, Milford, Del
Mrs Richard German, Lynchburg, Va
j SamInis, Esq, Winona, MINI
Mrs A Tuzzle Memphis. Tenn
II Gooch, Esq, Oswego. Kan
DR. Willard Coz Inns. Bucksport Me
o W Bostwick Esq, Mt Sterling,O
Mrs Eliza Young, Cambridge, Mass
Francis Baker Esq Cincinnati,0
Mrs Robinson, Orrinvton, Me
Mrs Eliza Duheld, Hume, Ill
Geo Gray Esq, Monticello, MINI
Mrs Chas Rounds Woodruff. Ill
VIII II Mckinney. Morrow, y
Mrs X l. Stevens, Fort Wayne. Ind
VIM Simms. jacksonville, KY
Mrs Bredel st Louis Mo
Mortimer Lyon, Esq, San Francisco, Cal
And hundreds of others
COLLINS VOLTAIC PLASTERS
Cure when al other remedies fail Copies of letters
detailing astonishing cures when all other RENE
dies had been tried without success, will be mai ed
free, that correspondence may be had II desired
For the of Lame Back and weakn esses peculiar
to females Collins Voltalc Plasters superior to all
other external remedies
PRICE, 25 CENTS.
Be careful to call for Collins Volta c Plaster lest
YOU get some worthless imitation Sold by all Whole
sale and Retail Druggists Throughout the United
States and Canadas, and by WEEKS POTTER Pro
ROatOu
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

hereby certify that Mr. Lawrence purchased the
Radical Cure of me- and from time to time made me
familiar with his case l believe his statement to be
true i'll every particular. JAS DERBY
Fitchburg Oct. IA.
Each package contains DR.. Sanford's Improved In
haliug Tube and full directions for in all
Price S100. For sale by all Wholesale and Retail
Druggists and Dealers throughout the United States
aud Canadas. WEEKS Il POTTER, General Agents
and Wholesale Druggists Boston, Mass.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01
PATENTS.
R.9I1. EDDY,

No. 76 State ST., opposite Kilby, Boston,
Secures Patents in the United States; also in Great
Britain France and other foreign countries Copies of
the claims OF any Patent furnished by RENTING
dollar. Assignments recorded at Washington. No
AOencB the United States possesses facilities
for obtaining Patents or dscertdininO the pdtentdbitV
Of Inventions II. II. EDDY, Solicitor of Patents
TESTIMONIALS.
81 regard Mr.. Eddy one Of the most capable and
SUCCESSFUL practitioners with whom have had official
intercourse.
CHAS. MASON, Commissioner of Patents"
"Inventors cannot employ person more trustwor-
thy more capable of securing Tor them early and
favorable onsideration at the Patent Office"
EDMUND BURKE, late Commissioner of Patents.
BosToN, October le, 1870
II. IL. EDDY, EsQ.-Dear Sir; You procured for me-
in s4O, my first patent Since then you have acted
and advised me in hundreds of cases, and procured
many patents, reissues and extensions. have occa-
sionally employed the best agencies in New york. Phil
adephia and Washington, but still give You almost
the whole of my business, in your line and advise
others to employ You. Yours truly
GEORGE DRAPER
BOSTON .Jan'y l,1s7s. FlyT
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

SUBSCRIBER, Mahoning Co., %. Manure
spread upon the surface will not lose any
of its strength. have tried it both ways,
and have concluded that when hauled out
and spread it does not evaporate as much
as when left in the barn yard. The sub
stance goes into the soil instead of the air.
When left in the yard or in piles, it will
heat and evaporate, losing much strength
in this way. Who ever saw evaporation
going on in q field evenly top dressed with
manure? l never did. Last winter l
hauled manure on field and spread it,
plowed under part and left the rest till
near planting time. The last blowing did
much the best. l believe the strength OF
the manure got into the soil better than
that which was plowed under.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

A BARN-YARD Observation-Disclosures
of DR.. Voelcker shows that deterioration
of farm-yard manure is due to losses by
drainage, and not much to exposure to air,
heat and light. The dark-colored liquid
which we too often observe trickling away
from badly-kept dung-heaps is rich in nj
trogen, phosphoric acid and potash
Keorte found that 100 loads of manure
thrown in the usual wasteful manner,
were reduced at the end Of:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-05-01

G. PoNTIUs, Franklin Co., OIL have
practiced both piling and spreading ma
nure, when hauling out in the fall, and
spreading seems to be the better plan.
When in piles or heaps too much is leach
ed out in one spot. To expedite the work
| throw in piles and spread before a rain
comes. The fall is the proper time to do
this work. 1t will always tell where it is
put, on pasture, wheat or corn land.
hauled out one hundred loads on my wheat
this fall, after sowing and before the
wheat came up, and the difference in the
growth between wheat so treated and tina
not top-dressed, is very perceptible.
do not 60 much on the hedge.