davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18
HdisonS Inventions.

Edison then showed us his dISman-
.,oi aeronhone Some of IL started
onr Europe last week" said he. and /
can't show YOU now II sounds BUT
here. YOU see, i the same tympanum
that we use in the telephone and pho-
nocraph: we speak against TINS anu
lis vibrations, instead of prlcking a
sheet Of ~tinfoil, opens and closes a
valve in the steampipe, ana thus gives
TO the whistle the articulations OF the
human voice. II Il much simpler
than the phonograph. and Its audioie
speech can be heard -four miles, or
even more. | will guarantee that II
shall read the Declaration of lndepen-
dence so that every word will be dis
tinctlv heard by every citizen OF Man
haitian Island. Ii will call out the
stations on a railroad, and the loco
motive Will go through the country
talking whatever the engineer thinks
it necessary TO say can
onver at sea. Lighthouses can
var ships in q storm. FIRE districts
can be shouted. also information
whether a fire is Speeding or IS being
mastered
Il will have on exhibition at Paris"
said Edison, eight telephones. besides
my photograph and aerophone
40 what use do you expect the
phonograph Will be putt" We was
asked. Several" he replied.
Il. For debating 1t will take the
place of shorthand reporters, as thus:
A mar who has many letters to write
will them to the p~honograph. and
send the sheets directly to his CORES
pondentS, who will lay them on the
phonograph and hear what they have
to say. Such letters as go TO people
who have no photograph, will be
copied ron the machine by the office
boy.
80. For reading. A first class elo-
cutionist will read one of Dickens
novels into the photograph. 1t a
all be printed on a sheet ten inches
square and these a be multiplied by
the million copies by a cheap proc
of electrotyping. These sheets will be
sold Tor, say, twenty-five cents. \
man Is tired and his wife's eyes are
failing, and SO they Sit around a table
II hear the telephone read from this
sheet the Whole novel with all the eX-
preston of a tirst-class reader. \
company for printing these is already
organized III New York.
%. 1t viii sing in the Very voice of
Patti and kellogg SO that every family
can have an opera any evening.
4 1t may be used as a musical COM
poser. When singing some favorite
airs backward it hits some lovely airs,
and | believe a musician could get one
valuable popular melody every day by
experimenting in that way.
.. Il may be used to read to in
mates of blind asylums, or to the ig-
norant who have never learned 10
read.
-. 1t may be used to teach lam
guages, and have already the right
TO use 1t to teach children the alpha
bet. Suppose Stanley had had one.
n thus obtained for the world all
the dialects of Central Africa:
-. 1t Will be used to make TOYS
talk. A company has already organ
lied to make speaking dolls. They
will speak in a little girls voice, and
will never lose the gift any more than
a little girl.
-. 1t will be used by actors to learn
the right readings of passages. In
fact, It's utility will be endless"
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18
He Leads us on.

He leads us on
By paths we did not know,
Upward He leads US, though our steps
be slow,
Though oft we faint and falter by the
way,
Though storms and darkness oft OBJ
scure the day;
Yet when the clouds are gone.
We know he leads us on.
He leads us on
Through the unquiet years;
Past all our dreamland hopes, and
doubts and fears,
He @1ides u steps, through all the
ia .sled maze,
We know His will is done;
And still He leads us on.
And He at last.
After the weary strife,
After the restless fever we call life
After the dreariness, the aching pain
The hayward struggles, which have
proved in vain
After our tolls are past
Will give us rest at last.
|~Ecchdnge.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18

Six Substantial Reasons
Why you should Insure ln the
Penn Mutual Lii ,.:...:. .:-:.-:'
PHILADELPHIA, PA

lat. Because ii IS one Of The old -.
Panl,s IN the countr5, ana past -" Co.
peFimeuts.
81. Because il Is q purely Hutual
Every T.. Iicy-EtolIer u a meInn~r ~
pany, entitled To all It's advantage ID
viIeges, having a right 10 Tpt" "a #
Tor trustees. ami thus has Al !aILs
MANAGEMENT. f.
Sd. Because il has as large = per~. =
assets 10 liabilities a. aLy Lie !@
Company in the country.
ith. Because. by economical mann
it, ratio OF expenses 10 total lAs 80
below the average or 1 lie toAs
OflcIal Insurance K port
5th- Because IL has DECLARE
bends In lumber, AMI ~ 4 A-+A Gle
percentage, than any other IoA.
United states. .et
For lamp. Policy NJ. j.. T..
been paid 10 the widow Ot 4 f--
Merchant upon which tWeAit >.f
denis had been declared. afrIA-
eyeE per cent Had these d-'l-e
used 10 purchase addition, o. ga
s.. - more would have been resi
the Policy worth Sl,y4o. -s1
9Th. Because il IS liberal IN IL --s
PRONE t IN IL settlements safe b-..
tlngency. and il rates are - -oH
class Company IN tie country
~PRI>CTPAL rFATCkEs -oH-A-
absolute security, Large return e.
prompt payment Of losses, ana .~
I'D. BROOKS, Gea -
For Western Nofi-L a.
GEO. p. MCNEIL oea - ;
For tasreIn NJ. y
tagel.-'
Agents Wanted hy both the A.. Isl
Agents, 10 work IN their I~e'lt''
tories. Liberal contracts made
mar film
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18

A fearful catastrophe has occurred
at Parma. An artillery officer and six
men were trying to uproot an old
horse-chestnut tree with dynamite in
the public promenade, when owing TO
the officers carelessness, an explosion
occurred, killing six persons and
wounding sixty-three. Among the
killed are the officer, VIC soldiers and
two children. Among the seriously
wounded are four noblemen and sew
eral gentlemen who were out for their
afternoon walk, and attracted TO the
spot from curiosity to see the expert
ment.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18

When time spares beauty he COM
pletes it.
Wit makes it easy to grow old. but
not impossible.
A woman would sooner rule a heart
than ruin it: not 80 a man.
Friendship between women is ONLY
a suspension of hostilities.
A woman need not ALWAYS recall
her age, but she should never forget it.
A women listens to a play with her
mind and judges 1t with her senses.
1t takes as much wit not to displeaso
a woman as it takes little to please her.
In matters of heart it is usually the
fear of insolvency that leads to bank
ruptcy.
The woman who confdes to one
man her Partially for another seeks
advice less than an avowal.
We are always anxious to know why
we are loved; they only care to know
how much we love them.
There are people with whom peni-
tence stands for repentance-people
with whom wearing mourning dis
penses with feeling sorrow.
In church women think that they
receive because they observe. and
that they are meditating when they
are only holding their tongues.
kissing the bride in church la.
gone u of fashion.
The day is not remote when ladies'
will be wearing curls.
Perfectly mag" is the Boston girls
synonym for awfully sweet.
Although dethroned. the Empress
Eugenie's income is still $3.50, 600 per
mum.
Miss Matilda Fletcher is organizing
social science clubs among women
throughout the country.
The common foible of women who
have been handsome. * to forget that
they are no longer 90.
Men should be careful lest they
cause women TO weep. for God counts
their tears" SAYS the Talmud.
Ambitious ladies a buy an ances-
try and a coat of arms in New York
for 5000, and dirt cheap at that.
Caroline, Of Denmark, who has lust
completed her eighty-fourth year. IS
the oldest princess in Europe.
1t won't do TO sit on the front stems
too long without wraps, and don't be
afraid t tell him SO, either.
Que lady in Maine boasts of hair
eight feet and one inch in lengln, and
that she has refused an offer of 50, 600
for it.
When a girl is too stupid to earn
her " living. the only thing To be
done with her is to get her married
TO some good man.
When a widow is mari leo again she
may dress as she likes, but she must
not wear veil and orange blossoms.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18
gables department.
POETRY.
In Church-During the Litany,

In Church-During the Litany.
"Tm glad we got here early, Nelly;
We're not obliged to sit to-day
Behind those horrid Smith glrlS-weH
I'm glad they go soon away.
How does this cushion match my dress:
[ think it looks quite charmlngly.
Bowed sweetly to the Smiths: Oh. yes,
IRespondsl-'' From pride, vanity, by
Good Lord deliver u.s.
II hate those naughty Courtenays,
I'm sure they needn't feel so fine,
Above US all-for says
Their dresses aren't so nice as mine.
And ones engaged; 50, just tor fun.
To make her jealous, III try TO win
Her lover-show her how It's done
Responds i" From hatred, envy,
mischief, sin,
Good Lord, deliver US"
To-day the rector is to preach
In aid OF missionary work;
He'll say he hopes and trusts that each
Will nobly give o duty shirk.
hate to give. But then one must,
You know we have "a forward seat;
People can see-rhey will. l trust
lRespondsl-" From want Of charity
deceit,
Good Lord deliver US
Did you know Mr.. Gray had gone :
That handsome Mr.. Rogers, too:
Dear me; we shall be quite forlorn
If all the men leave, and so few.
/ trust hat we, with Cupid's darts,
May capture some let them beware
IRespondslE' Behold the sorrow of
our hearts,
And Lord with mercy hear
our prayers.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18

Raleigh Observer: A very heavy
hail-storm visited the town and vicin-
ity OF Clayton Thursday night. follow
ed by a terrible gale of wind. A large
mount OF hail fell and in such a yio-
lent manner as to kill chickens and
lnJure stock. A gentleman livny in
Clayton tells Us that he was cut rid
ing n to protect his horse from the
hall-stones had to leave the road and
spread a blanket over his aninal
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18
TO LOVERS OF FLOWERS

We desire TO call you attention Pa
stock OF
CHOICE FLOWER SHEDS
We also have a full stock of Graa, u
rants, including 6efanlums, Roses
lions, uchsiaS, Peiargonlums. Csiau,
SUMMER PIONEERING BULBS
Dahlias in sixty varieties. Gladden., t- p.
varieties, 5000 Tuberoscs, Tlltomax
SMALL FRUITS,
Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry Pa.
VEGETABLE PLANTS
Cabbage, Tomato and Egg F,ah.,,
BOUQUETS, W2FATH~
and Floral Designs made u o-ia-
Plants sent by mail auy dlS.ADr.. -..
safety.
c Is FAIRCtulu
Raleigh. y e.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18

Only one woman in 5000 knows how
to dust a DON properly. The rest all
leave dust on the chair rounds,
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-04-18

Women do not read; they listen with
the eye.
The New York herald., 1878-11-10

" the close Yesterday TO l0s,S. United States AIS
ciosed al lo' ls67s at lo94 and tenfortes at l09.
BRUSH consos advanced to 95 TIC for money and to
% 'io Tor the account Erie fell on 4, TO 19 do.
preferred s. to 80; Illinois Central H. to So and New
Jersey Central !, to 3d. At Paris rentes fell of TO
III. li1ac State bonds We're duh. but very strong
Louisiana sevens consos advanced 10 rs and District
OF Columbia 3.65's to 77af The other issues were
steady Railroad bonds continue strong and the fol-
lowing were the changes compared with last previous
sales; An advance of II in Rock Island skies of 1917
ana Ohio and Mississippi seconds % in Northwestern
gold sevens Ohio and Mississippi sinking funds and
st. Paul frsts LA Crosse division), and x i'll Pacific
Railroad OF Missouri hrsts There was decline of 4
In Great Western seconds lex coupon).
he eli of IL
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
COMMERCIAL REPORT.

COTTON SPOT STEADY; FUTURES CLOSED BARELY
sTEADY-FLOUR sTEADY-wHEAT FIRM--CORN
EAsY-oATs FIRM--PoEK DUIL--LARD QUIET
wHIsKEY sTEADY-ROsTN QUIET-sPIRITs TUE-
PENTINE QUIET-PETRoLEUM QUTET-CoFPEE
QUIET-sUGAR QUIET.
SATURDAY. Nov. &c p. NJ.
Business moderate in most commodities to-
day. both of and on Change; but prices about
the same. Flour steady. Wheat quiet but
irm Corn easy. Oats Arm. Whiskey
steady Pork dull, but lard was without decided
change. Spot cotton was steady. Futures closed
barely steady. Groceries were generally quiet,
also naval stores, oils and petroleum.
CoPFEK.-The market for Brazils quiet but
steady We note sales Of 900 bags Rio Golbo, and
800 bags Santos same. both private terms. and
at Baltimore 0oo bags Rio Horras, at i21c and 5s4
bags do, ex Copernicus, private tsrms Mild coffee
quiet; 2Oo packages Mocha sold private terius
We quote Ordinary cargoes. l2s4c. 13e fair do l5
good do l5sic. prime do l6c. l6isc extreme range
for lots I2a4c u IKE; Santos, fair good I4s4c
l5ic. gold, 30 days; Java, government bags 221c
do, grass mats BE 24c Singapore 16c 17c. Ceylon
Ice lsc.: Maracaibo, 1870. l6ac. Laguayrs I4c
l6c Jamaica lie. I6c 81 Domingo, 12c. BE-; Costa
lsc.: Angostura, Ice. IKE; saysnilla 13c i7c
Curacao. 13lsc. a l'c.
the spot quiet steady ut yesterdays
prices Futures opened points better but the ad-
lost and the market closed barely steady
with decline from the day Of from to points Liverpool
came dull and easier for spot cotton; mddng uplsnds,
the steady The closing prices Of to-
day compare with yesterday foows:-
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
EUROPEAN MARKETS.
COMMERCIAL.

Lospos, Nov. 3, 1873.
lead % any extension demand during .he week
some further reduction as reported Coffee has fallen s
Il lions % G with euy at e
nr s 10 but my
market ma. % remains s The full agy s Of indies
frmer Refined here and in the Clyde steady The
week has since entirely subsidized importers senersiy
dc mot ass s :ss az q.
kinds The deliveries Of continued far in Of the
lively small done in rice ss easier
ir a V White sa: .d to
limited extent at the recent low rates sapere Is un-
desrcr than At the date last and Guayaqu
LONDON Nov 9-5 p. NJ
Calcutta linseed. As . 4ss 3D.. per quarter.
HAxnuHc, Nov 9. 1873
Wncox's lard closed at 35A marks per 100 lbs.
rRopUcE KxcuASGr REPORT.
LlyERrooL, Nov. Q. 1873
at "a Bseon-Cumbsrand cut dull 1t sss 3D. short rib
Sn @ = la o1s s'sr su ds eads u ala & 1s ssa.
shoulders dull At 27s Beef-Inds dull a
& Rs' ds G g.ms 3D. s"
:asI @ = = ass e' Lara
WhssSo spring dun a; y. q: n. spring steady
s % ,Sf % ID q
steady q 24 for dull a4s ID for old Cot.cnseei
don steady at o. Tarpentnespirss at London, steady
LONDON Nov o. 1878
The Eoromia The rate Of discount Tor bank bills
Is Az and for trade bills 51 the
stock Exchange with few relapses prices until
Thursday midday when they be stated have gen
orally reached the highest point OF the week The rapidly
the money market in the hopes that the delay
In the Afghan campaign might than appeared
on the surface expectation Of favorable uterances In
the speeches the Lord Mayors banquet to-day the
confidence the Con tincnt-all aided
provemen but the fact that the Bank Of England direc
tors Thursday maintained the rate Of discount
At per cent while the improvement shown in tho bank
small check to the advance and Fri
dny the relapse proceeded further because Of telegram
from Paris announcing that the Czar III; besides
which, the time draws for the official
tions Gndhai less confidence is felt the pur
port of the information to he Afforded STILL far
securities concerned, the week
balance yielded very favorable results snd many colonial
foreign railway and other Investments exhibited strength
The In the United States governments has been
usually rapid stimulated here by the fall In exchsngc Gas
considerably Commercai OF higher
Gas Light and Coke 7. aud Imperial utncntai o."
LONDON Nov, % +. NJ
Paris advces quote hve per rcntes l2f 15c for
account
PAgIs. Nov y, 1879,
Exchange on London. 25f zoe. for cheques.
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
POSTAL CHANGES.

new time table for the despatch OF southern
mails the Pennsylvania Railroad, goes into effect
to-day. under which the through Richmond express.
leaving New York at G25 p. NJ, and the corresponds
ing train from Richmond with the southern conncc-
TONS due here at 1885 p. NJ, discontinued. I'M
der this arrangement the postal cars will leave
this city at s:l5 A. NJ. and o:55 p. NJ and will give
the advantage of hours later close of the mails
for Philadelphia, Baltimore Washington, Richmond
and the South. On the other hand II viii cut of tho
advantage heretofore existing by which letter for
Richmond. for instance, could be sent by the 6:45 r.
NJ train and be deliverable there at half past eight
O'Clock the following morning. Under the new ar
rangcment the letters do not reach Richmond until
some time during the afternoon. The i;25 A. NJ.
train. only going to philadelphia. connects
through to Washington daily The Pacnc express:
A. NJ. will hereafter make the run to New York IN
two hours aud eight minutes and arrive In jersey
city at :OS thus making gain Of thirty minutes
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
be closing prices as follows !

States bonds to secure bank circulation and
$13,s0s.4 400 in United States bonds to secure pub
lie DEPOSITS United States bonds deposited on ac.
count OF subscription to the four per cent loan.
$3,s566o0 United States bond deposited for circula-
tion for the week ending to-day. s750.o0o: United
States bonds held for circulation withdrawn during
the week ending to-day $3.50 800 National bank crcu
ation outstandingcurrency notes. $32l 425 COS: gold
notes. 81, ,467 $40.
The internal revenue receipts to-day were
&40i,9C9 10. and the customs receipts $47e.1 g.
The receipts of national bank notes for redemption
for the week ending to-day compared with the COR
responding period last year follows
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
BUSINESS TROUBLES.

A meeting of tho creditors of slote. woodman y
Co.. manufacturers Of blank books at No. III William
street, held yesterday at the office of Register
Little. The composition of thirty cents on the doll
lar in notes at six. twelve eighteen and twenty
four months. confirmed, the Liabilities being
$2O7 716 10.
The creditors OF Detective Thomas sampson met
yesterday at the Office of Register Dayton. Two
claims were proved and John III. Plat was appointed
assignee.
John T.. Lewis Co, dealers in boots and shoes ct
Nos 134 Sixth avenue and 1.16I Broadway. have
made preferential assignment TO Joseph Bach. Tho
liabilities amount to about $4,000.
The following assignments were yesterday fled in
the County Clerks Office :--'Thomas j. Macarthur and
John 4. Herbert comprising the hrm of McArthur S
Co.. TO Frederick c. McIence: Hamlet Hart aud Will
lam Marshal comprising the firm of II. Hart Co. to
Burr 4. Hart; Charles Jacobs to Peter weigel.
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
THIRD cALL-2:3O p. M.

The following were the opening prices Of mining
stocks at San Franciaco to-day Gould & Curry, 49,
Savage. 1915; Chollar Potosi So Ophir. 56a; Hale
Norcross, q; Grown Point. 10; Yellow Jacket 23is;
Belcher, 3; Imperial. Il Virginia Consolidated, 13;
California 12h Over1nan. 25; Raymond l. Ely, 8;
Best Belcher, 25; Kentuck 71s Union Consolidated
l57; Alpha, 14l4; Meadow Valley, a; Sierra Nevada
1888; Mexican. 73; Caledonia, Az Silver Hill, 81 Eu-
reks Consolidated. SO; Justice. sta; Julia Conso-
dated. 5A; Northern Belle. 1O1s; Manhattan, 3,s;
Leopard, x; Utah, Al; Grand Prize 8; Hamburger
"a; Navajo. x; Tip Top IL; Leviathan. 90; Silver
King, 15; Alta. l3K; Bullion, 1879; Exchequer, Z;
Bodie, 1914; Bechtel. n; Tioga, 2; Summit /; Ward
!; Independence. az; McClinton. s4; Kossuth, so;
Original Keystone. Z; Seq Belcher 35; Argenta. 81;
Blackhawk. i Bulwer. i; Belle Isle. "a; Booker *;
Benton. Z; Endowment. GO; Goodshaw, co; Hussey,
30; Homcstake, 10; Mono, bA; Phil Sheridan, az;
Richer. IL; Scorpion, 2; Wclls-Fargo, IS.
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
Kan sas a Texas. C

l0.lj 4. NJ.
Sumo 6's. 81, r.. 1oesi $4,000 SIS sI Io,s
5000 500, 67s 1855 $1,000 Us 4issr aI be lOg@
lllj A. NJ
$4,000 5-1D G. '67 1ogss S5OuOo 5's si G. 1865.
1U0 s5-2o,r 81 iuGts 1000 as 1907, r.. ioots
5000 \ 52Oc, N6S be 100
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
PAYMENT OF DEPUTY MARsHAI.s.

United states Marshal Payne will commence ths
payment OF deputy marshals employed on the days of
registration and election. in the following crcron
Tuesday evening. at six p. NJ, the Second. Third.
sixth, seventh and Ninth Assembly districts. On
Wednesday the Eighth, Tenth Eleventh. Twelfth and
1hirtoenth Assembly districts. On Thursday. the
Fourteenth Fifteenth and Seventeenth Assembly die
rics and the Twentythird and Twenty fourth wards.
ON Friday the FIRST. Nineteenth. Twentoth aud
Twenty nrst Assembly districts. aud saturday tho
Fourth. Fiih Sixteenth and Eighteenth Assembly
districts,
Each deputy marshal receives S. day tor his ser.
vices.
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
BRAZILIAN COFFEE MARKETS.

RIO JANEIRo Nov 3, 1873.
Coffee market quiet; prices maintained no change RIO
good frsts 8, 100 rcis B $50 res per 10 kilcs.
Average daily receipts 100 bags Shipments Of tho
wcck-o tho Channel aud North Of Europe OO bags; 70
the United States ~ oDp do 10 the Mediterranean 1000
do sales Of the weck-for the Chsnn. and North En-
rope 4Up bags; for te United States "a D do for tho
Mediterranean. 800 do. stock, $1,000 bags Freghts.
sail for the channel, ab~
Exchange pn London, 22's.
sssros Nov. ", ISIS.
Coee-Avernre daily receipts. ssD bags shipments of
the wcekTo all countries 1900 bags. 70 the Channel
Europe and the Mediterranean, 500 do Sales of The
week for Europe. 1000 bags. stock. $500 bsgs.
The New York herald., 1878-11-10

Delivered contract 400 bales yesterday Current
prices Of spot cotton se quotations
American standard OF classification and
running in quality not more than half grade above
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

nN ACCOUNT OF ILL HEALTH MUST SELL EsTAB
Oiishcd manufacturing business low price;
chance for live with small capital CASH TRADE
Herald Office
The New York herald., 1878-11-10
FINANCIAL.

FINANCIAL.
Cox n0n TO LOAN ON IMPROVED PROPERTY
sDoC.OUOat six per cent. o A BILLS. 5ls Pine
SDf0 000 TRUST MONEY TO LOAN on MORT
2-OO.OOUgsge by ALBERT ii. NICOLAY a CO.,
43 Pine ST., New York.
SoS5 000 TO LOAN on MORTGAGE, FIVE
P@OCsOOOyears, SIX per cent sums to suit.
H. W. SHIPMAN. 1877 Broadway
GC7S AAA TO LoAN-ON GOOD PROPERTY AT
spO C.UUUsix per cent; long time.
PAUL T. TODD, 145 Broadway.
C.z0e EAA TO LOAN AT LOWEST RATES FOR
- 10 O.ClJUone, three five wears on city Property
ISAAC HONG III Broadway rooms q aud II. basement.
COPARTNERsHIPS.
THE COMPREHENSIVE HERETOFORE EXISTING
between the undersigned is hereby dissolved mutual
the business will in future be carried Henry
Buhlcr at place.
Dated November 8, 1878.
MICHAEL GILMARTIN.
HENRY BUTLER