New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1878-05-01

4 suick oven.
i Corn Bread. = Two cups Of Ind meal;
| two cups Of wheat flour; one cup Of sugar;
one beaten egg; one teaspoonful of soda;
two teaspoonfuls Of cream -of. tartar; lit
4 tie salt, and sweet milk enough to make
a thick batter Bake. in shallow pans--it
should be when done, about an inch in
thickness and eat warm for breakfast
This makes the best corn bread ever eaten
according to my taste.
WHAT'S. the first essential in good ag~
riculture2" "Good blowing" "What Is
the second2" ssPlowing. sat aAnd the
third?" Manuring.' Such were. the
questions propounded and answered two
thousand years ago by Cato, among whose
many claims to the esteem of his fellow
citizens not the least was his proficiency
in farming. The advice was good then
with regard to the rich lands about Rome,
and practical experience during the inter
vening centuries as we'll as scientific re-
search during the last, both, go to prove
the paramount nature of the advantages de-
rivable from thorough tillage of the soil
implied BY the ancient philosophers re-
iterated counsel. 5 @,sI. y. .t'at' i..
4 All soils contain immemorially more
or less manurial Ingredients whose GUAM
tity and quality are dependent on their
geological formation on the, varying
proportions of disintegrated rocks Of
which they are mainly composed More
over, in many Of them, there is an admlx-
ture Of animal and vegetable remains still
rich in fertilizing properties, u, In both
cases. however, these properties are I'M
prisoned in an sinsolubles form and the
action Of water and air, greatly facilita-
ted and promoted by. liberal tillage, is
one of the most efficacious means Of set
/ ting these manurial treasures at liberty
and SO fitting them for plant-food.- The
abundant character of this natural supply
of nutriment has of late been strongly
exemplified by means Of an accurate ex-
pertinent made by Mr.. Lawes at Rotham-
sted, England. For thity-four successive
years he. has grown crop. of wheat on
the same piece Of land, without the APP
plicatlon Of any artificial manure, and al
though the crops have had to gather I'll
their inorganic elements, year after year,
from the store of pant-food which nature
had accumulated in the soil, yet in the
weld there has been no decrease which
could be clearly attributed to any exhaus-
ton of the supply. Thorough tillage,
however, had extirpated all weeds those
greedy gluttons of stolen food-and
thrown tile way open to the liberating
chemical action of moisture as we'll as Of
the carbonic acid, oxygen and nitrogen
of the atmosphere upon the imprisoned
fertility Of the soil. s.. " 100
\ By good tillage, subsequent rains more
adily pass through the loosened tiltA
nd penetrate the underlying soil where
hey remain in reserve against the time
of drought. / The air penetrates the
ground as far as the stagnent water has
been drawn off, and the finer the pulve1~
ization of the soil, the freer, the atmo-
! spheric circulation, and tie greater the
amount of surface exposed to its benif-
cial action. Moreover, when the earth is
cooler than the air above it, the latter is
chilled on entering the ground, and in
| this state, being unable to hold In sus..
lpension so much moisture, parts with
some of it to the soil, which also absorbs
its ammonia aswell as some Of itsrarbon-
Liz sacidiand other gasses! Besides the lib
Grating effect these have on the fertilizers
locked up in the soil, they are, some of
them, notably ammonia, Immediately
available as plant food, while without the
presence Of air no seed bed can be in a
healthy condition. To roots of all kinds
air is essential, for if deprived, Of oxygen
for short time, they die. In heavy soil
winter wheat often looks yellow in spring,
because Its roots have persisted on account
Of the access of the oxygen having been
prevented by the excess of water in the
soil. M gl s5sss5
! The nature of the tillage to be bestow-
ed on different kinds of soil should wary
T in accordance with their texture Recent
experiments made by Professor. s. W.
s Johnson. at the Connecticut Agricultural
. Station, show that while On claYeyS- lands
deep tillage is generally best-to conserve
; the water of a loose textured soil, its main
tillage should be shallow, so that the bulk
, of the earth remains compact enough to
hold the rain and to transmit bottom water
steadily, by capillary attraction, from the
i subsoil upwards toathe roots of the crops.
: In such soils the surface only should be
loosened whenever it forms crust. For
the same reason, summer tiillage also, ac-
lcordins to bis deduct qn, should not ex-
! tend To- the roots except Ill clatcF soils to
compel them to develop lower down and
nearer. fhe watpr ar,Nslu s-fry |, :, \