Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1878-02-22
The Eastern Conflict.

beaten down by Turkey, and the CONSTANT
nople conference had begun its labors. Oh
the 18th of January it submitted its ''irredu
chile minimum" which required small nd
dition ofterritory to Montenegro. peace will
Serbia on the status que ante the nomination
| of the Porte, in concert with the powers, o
| governors of Bosnia herzegovina and Bul
Garia. and the appointment by the powers o
commissioners to superintend the carrying
ont of the reforms. These proposals tn
| Turkish grand council rejected as inconsist
ent with the independence integrity an(
dignity of the empire, and on the Goth thu
conference was declared to be at an end. Mr.
Layard succeeded Sir Henry Elliot at tn,
Porte and Turkey yielded to the powers il
| the matter of the peace with Serbia. Or
| this 9Th OF February, Prince Gortschakoti in
| quired of the powers what action they in
| tended to take because of the Porte's action
| as n premonition of q declaration of war
since no other power was prepared to Join II
the coercion of Turkey. On the 3lst o.
March protocol was signed at London by
the representatives of England, Russia
France, Germany, Austria and Italy, with al
addition by Lord Derby withdrawing his sig
nature should Russia declare war, an event
hardly doubtful. This Protocol was imme.
diately transmitted to Turkey by Gortscha-
koff, who made it an ultImatum. On the
10th of April the Turks rejected it, on the
23d the Russian troops crossed the Rouman-
ian frontier and the next day war was for
mally declared by the Gar, who had already
massed large army in Besarabia. At the
same time an army invaded Armenia On
the 29th Roumania approved the convention
already concluded with Russia by her Prince,
and on the Both England issued her procla-
nation of neutrality.
On the 9Th of May, Earl Derby's despatch
declaring that England neither concurred in
nor approved Russia's action, was received
at st. Petersburg On the 10th the Circas-
sian rising began and on the 18th the Rus
slams stormed Ardahan. On the Both Prince
Gortschakoff replied to Lord Derby that the
Emperor would not extend the war beyond
what was required for the declared object
for which he took up arms.
On the 10th of June Suleman Pasha sue
ceeded, after much fighting. in revictualling
Nicsics. On the 2lst Fagi fasha defeated
Meikeff with severe loss and the Russians
retired on Kars. On the 23d the Russians
crossed the Danube July eth their cavalry,
under Gourko, occupied Tirnova. On the
10TH though they relieved Bayazid, for some
time besieged by the Turks, they were COM
reled to raise the siege of Kars.
The removal of Abdul Kerim and Redif
Pasha July II preluded more active opera
tions. Next day Osman Pasha entered Plev-
ma, while Gourko crossed the Balkans by the
Hahn Boghaz Pass. On the 18th Nikopolis
fell into Russian hands. On the 18th the
Shipka Pass was occupied after some fight
ing Next day. however, the Muscovites met
their first decided check in the defeat of
General Schilder-Sehulner's attack on Os-
man Pasha's position at Pleyena with heavy
loss, while on the 3lst Krudener's assault
was repelled with loss of 900 men. Next
day august ~, the Russians, after defeating
Reout Pasha at Eski-Sagra, were driven out
of the town by Suleiman Pasha. This series
of reverses induced them to send forward
the whole Imperial Guard on the 4th, but
matters did not mend materially, as on the
23d the Czarewitchs army, after two days
engagement. had to retire to the left bank
of the LON. Suleiman Pasha, engaged in
his desperate ten days endeavor to force the
Shipka Pass. while in Asia Loris Melikoff on
the 2sth, inflicted severe defeat on Mukhtar
Pasha at Kizil Tepe. The Roumanian forces
had Joined the Russians before Plevna, and
or the 3lst two days attack by the Turks
on Pelischat, not far from thence, ended in
the retreat of the assailants, while the Care
witchs advanced guard fought a warm
but indecisive battle with Mehemet Ali.
September did not open inauspiciously for
the Gar, as on the Sd his troops took Loft
cha, while on the Sth Nicsics. the oft revictu-
allied. surrendered to his plucky allies. the
Montenegrins. Three days later the Russo
Roumanian forces butted their heads for the
third time against Plevna. and were again
hurled back with tremendous slaughter
After this the beseigers were content to in-
woke the genius of 1odleben, and surround
4 ~
works to wait for famine to do its work.
Fighting still continued in the Shipka Pass,
where, on the 18th, Fort st. Nicholas fell.
II was, however retaken Immediately by the
Russians. On the oath Mehemet Ali began
his great retreat from the Banicka LON. He
was removed ten days later, and Suleiman
Pasha placed in command of the army of
the Danube. October %. Mukhtar Pasha
was hotly engaged at Kill Tape; on the Sth
he abandoned his position there, and fell
back TO the Aladja Dagh, whence he was
driven with great loss on the 18th. Gourko,
at the other extremity of the long line of
operations, was also successful, for on the
2ith he took a strong position on the Sophia
road, and on the 2Sth at Telico. Mukhtar
Pasha was resolutely followed up: On the
ith of November his position at Deyi-Boyun,
near Erzeroum, was forced, and on the 18th
Shlilt lic VI tHc Gnu wan isAii
of Kars, stormed by the Russians and taken
after twelve hours fighting. On the 2lst the
Roumanians, who had all through the war
courage in the field and an ener-
" in council that were conspicuously lacking
i'll the Serbs and Greeks, took Rahova. and
on the 23d Etropol fell into the hands of the
Russians. The Efforts Of the army for the
relief OF Plevna, of which Mehemet Ali. had
taken command November 10Th, proving in
OsmaD Pnsha, who had made the
fatal mistake of shutting himself up in Pley
na, from which he might, perhaps, have es-
capped even SO late as the end of October,
made on the 10th of December a sortie IN
force, and an Intellectual attempt to break
through the Russian lines, the fight ending
in the surrender of his army. This second
blow was regarded by the Sultan as decisive,
ana on the 18th he issued circular letter to
the powers requesting their mediation. Two
days later the Serbans declared war and
crossed the frontier, while Suleiman Pasha
fell back, allowing the Russians to reoccupy
Elena. On the 18th the Serbians carried st.
Nicholas Pass by assault and on the 2Sth
they took Prot after two days stubborn
lighting. Gourko's advance guard turned
the Turkish left flank on the Etropol Balk-
ans on the 29th. the last noteworthy opera
ton of the year. On the same day England
announced that at the Sultan's request she
had consented "to approach the Emperor OF
Russia with the view of bringing about ne
gotiations for peace" On the LIST OF Janu-
lry England addressed note to Russia that
met with an unsatisfactory reply on the Ith.
On the 9th the Turks proposed Il truce with
II view to discussing the conditions of peace.
but the Grand Duke Nicholas rep led two days
later that he should no: treat till he was in
Adrianople. On the 18th John Bright de-
lvered speech still iavoring non-interven-
lion. On the 10th the first definite news as
TO the position of Austria was made public
in the declaration that she would insist in
in any negotiations for peace
Operations were conducted rather lauguid-
y after the fall OF Pleyna. On the 81 of
January the Russians occupied Sophia. in
whose streets a Christian army WAS seen for
the first time since 1884. On the 9TH they
crossed the lalKaus through the ShIpka Pass.
and two days hter Radetzky captured the
Turkish army of defence, over -, 900 strong.
On the llth the Serblans took Nish, with its
garrison S, 900 strong. On the 18th the Turks
evacuated AdrianOple, which was occupied by
the Russians on the morrow On the 10th
Iiourko administered severe whipping to
Pasha, who lost 1, 900 killed and
S, 0CO wounded. Next day widdin was in-
vested 10y the houflhnlhnh, Willie hp1lul on
lief, ated the Ottomans in Asia. the last i'm
portant engagement of the war.
CATCHING CoLD- The season of the
year is now upon us when people every
where will be taken cold, and in manv
eases they will suffer much ami die A
little care would often prevent it, In the
first place, aS one of the means To prcycn.
n cold, the daily bath in Il warm room
with much friction is very important In
no case should the body be chilled. Use
much friction over the chest and throat,
and snuff into the noStrilS a little ot water
warmed to Il comfortable temperature.
Next, after the bath. take daily exercise
in the open air, neither to much or to lit
tie, exposing the body somewhat to the
cold and sun for short time. but never
exhausting it. One chief danger from
cold is the exhausted state OF the body
that first occurs so it is not able to resist
Il niayorablc influences. People who are
not very vigorous should avoid over cxcr-