The New York herald., 1878-10-15


trines and the soadust Of Assi, the leader Of tho
strikers at Creuzot with tho regicide speech Of Felix
Pyat at the anniversary banquet OF January FL 1870;
Win Beaury's attempt at sssassinatiou; with the
thirty eight prisoners at the uial oil the lnterpa-
uonl and The seventy-two defendants In The riai AZ
ToursS
DEsPIsING BoURGEosIs.
We might NIL several volumes with extracts OF
equal interest Introductory 10 the explosion oil March
Is ISL but must hasten onward toward tnat
view oil many ol tho luiure chiefs OF the Commune.
Of the Prussian. Leo Frankel and his associates tne
lawyers protot and Tridon, the doctor o. laws MI.
Gustave Fiourens the medical student Rnoul Hieauit.
who ali professed the same vindctive hatred OF Inc
middle asses Tia boargeotstc which the revolution
lists OF 1898 had Tor the nobility "rhe deputies oi the
Lett were odous TO them as bourgeois, or, what was
tne eyes, enemies vi socialism" Their
wrath great At having allowed the supreme power
escape them on september Lasord aitsrward
said thu Federal Council OF workingmens associa-
tions, June 10. 1S7I:-'rhe laborlng men ought 70
have seized upon the power on the Am OF september
II had dono their duty IL would have gone oil.
iersnt on October 81 II the International bad hsd
It's journal would have kiiled the governments"
There were others OF similar sentiments II not Of the
same association, had joarnals and who tried 70
kiil the government. "rnere were many VINO during
lhs siege constantly asserted that tho peepo was In
vnclbie: that tho National Guard could raise the
siege; who demandod tor Gustave Flonrens tho APP
tment OF Governor Of Paris and general 10 chief
OF the army; who maintained at the moment OF tho
captuation tnat we had an army oil 30o 900 men aud
provisions Tor three months. even LOT SIX months.
the cuos, 10 the streets 10 tho caes Ia the suaru
houses, everything was available against the ooaSyeoS
tlnues.
spLuEscE OF rHs NATIONAL GUARD.
The mon OF the Commune did not sprius from the
ground March Is by spont ntaneous generation they
were known oy Dame tor moro tnan TWO years; th.y
suspected, foreboded tor more than Six years;
their object, their OF action known their
previous defeats could be counted and The progress
OF their forces could he measured from one check to
another They had under the Empire their grounds
their clubs and the International, u very small group
70 attain lher ends more comprehensive organixa-
tion, more definite authority. From the c-estao-
lsnmsnt oil the National Guard atcr the 4th OF Sep
tember, Ia proportions before unknown, they per-
ceived that tncy could assure their Influence there
they would become the masters OF the govern
ment. Tor they would have both Numbers
and fcrce. They cared not to dream about
miii,ary grades. then nerceiy disputed; IL was
collective iunuence that they sought They tried to
participate the existing military councils ana 10
create new Many sucn Efforts were successful.
There meetings OF officers, meetings OF COM
mnnders OF battalions, meetings OF vigilance commit
tees. Committees ana meetings were the fashion VI
the hour, since every body wanted make speeches.
to be president eegate. The future meinbors oi
the Commune to be seen everywhere They
entered the committees on armame q the family
councils the had Itself created ~
eacn 0mpany. rnQse last councils were intrustcd
with ad IA nsirative details and invested with certain
disciplinary powers. They rapidly acquired an in
1uence which, IN some battalions, became prepon-
dsrant The authorities aided them by intrusting 20
them payment OF the men, The family
councils were avsrably situated to ascertain vans
and discover frauds; they accepted with esgsrIess
chest they quickly became masters OF the men,
BY systema,ic federation they became masters
IN a low weeks role of simple Instructors 1ney
manded Al drill but they were subject like the
mon TO hidden authorty-that oil the committees
ana coun oils This was very apparent the 3lsl OF
October Several battaiions came with drums beat
Ing Hotel de Vile under officers devoted 10 tue
govern ment who seemed to lead them. arrived be-
tore the gateway the men suddenly nalts0 reversed
their arms and cried 'No aimisticsI" More than
ono officer, appreciatug the difference between being
aud seeming to be, took on ms goid lace 20 oecome
simple member o. vigilance COMMITTEES or lamiy
council The idea OF federation among the battaous
the mint tees who managed tho battali0rr, was
whispered by the international anu spread rapidly.
All tho Con isderates understood that II they could
give political organization 10 tho National Guard IN
addition " s mltary organization. they would make
Il absolute master Of PARIS
WAR TO THE LAST. !"
Tho federation ot coIBpiete at the outsct the
sc,ed upon at the same time from Two
three different sources The Central Committee OF
Vigilance gave the nrst signs OF lie II existed from
septe IN Der l. aud posted up procislna.ions which,
among so many attracted but sight pubic attention..
Alter the battis oi Cnampigny lDecemoor Ut de-
manded IN poster war to tue last extremity and
the pes chment Of the mbers vi the government
ThieS stroke brought IL INTO promtusncc. II TOOK
tnsnceiortn the name Of Republican Federation OF
the National Guar, to distinguish itself from tue
word committees Twenty Gays iator It began The
publication OF its rod handed bills, read with avidity
by ail ,de wshod or approved tue insurrectiop
OF October 81. Tho Rcpubncan Federation OF the
National Guard did sock The protection Of anonym-
handbiils. Those VINO signed the oftenest and took
the most active part iu writing them were Bouis.
Barroud, Chouteau, Fabrc, Gandier. Gounicr, Gre
her, Lavslstts. Aorssu, Pougerst, PFudnomms and
Rousseau.
General Vinoy, AS We told by n. SIMON, thought
he had traced the germ oi the Com snune 10 hand
bIil without date out apparently issued early ~ Fso
the One Hundred and Forty hfth battalion, PROPOSING
to est4bnsn committee IN eacn ward Of Paris, con-
ssiing Of officer aud private OF each battalion,
each committee 70 nominate delegate upon a ecu
lrn Committee, each WARD TO elect general aud the
generals 10 choose general 10 chief who underssnds
his auiy ana MS responsibility al given Enomeni."
N. simon bias SHOWN maj the ldea was not new one,
Dut Il was certainly step In the direction OF tho
Commups. A more decisive step taksn February
l5, the proposition Of Choain youn Working man
and u member oil The InternstionsL wno convoked
battahons. scene VI confusion ensued and tho
meeting was adjourned until the 24lh. On that day
there not less than delegates
largely composed oil the republican fsderates OF the
NattonaI Guard already orsauized. Statutes similar
those OF the fsaerAton were adopted and stroDg
central committee organized Anothsr body OF dele
gates already IN existence. calling itself the Re-
publican Federal COMMITTEES, originally formed OF
cuefs of Dattziou merely 10 discuss the methods OF
paying the National Guard, but which had admitted
olnef officers oi all grades iusion OF the Two CON-
millses took place, alter several confsresces. on
March g. tue leaders OF tho two sections Dsng Berge-
rot, Tor the Central Committee, and Count Raoul
du Blssoo, old Cariis ocer, ior tho FEDERAL Com
millee. The resulting body, the imnIsdiats germ
OF the Commune, called itseli tho Central Comttso
OF The Republican FEDERATION OF the National Guard"
IL adopted Aarcn Uody oi statutes in ten arti-
cies, VITO prciminary declaration IN these Words
"fhc Republic Deing the only right and just govern
ment cannot be subordhated 10 universal suffrage,
when It's work" By arucic the committees
were charged, among other attributes, ito prevent
all attempts 10 overthrow the Republic and 20 orn
complete project Tor the reorganization oi The national
foreeAn Moreover the meeting submitted TO ats
mittses proposed resolution that I'm case tgat, ia
accordancs with CERTAIN rumors the scat OF govern
should be transferred eiscw hero tban az Parir
Guy OF Paris shall mmediately become an nde-
pendent repuDhc.n Not less tnan 2l6 DatIalions
hsfed to this DrojscI federation delegates
with duly signed credcntisIs 70 new moeting at the
Vuux Hsl MARCH, IL, 1871. In accordance win
the ules adopted Ia. week before The principal
chleis vi the National Guard we're cnosen--nalnely.
GarbaI AS geuera Luliier as colonel oi artillery,
Jacisrd and faitot as oBtefs VI legion.
rus REVOLUTION oP MARCH ~.
such deter mutation oa tue part oi the National
Guard iorcbodea a serious struggle Tor supfeinacy
with the SatIouai Assembly, winch had determined
TO establish itself n Versailles about tho middle OF
March. Two opposite princpes VI government were
brous face face, and eaci began 70 take precau-
tons against The other On tns lln oi March the led
oi PARIS learned with deep kgnution that the
Assembly would st Versailles aud hot al Pars that
BanQuc anu Gustavo fioureDs mad been condemned
to death, coutumacy, Tor tneir participation IN tho
movemsut octouer II, and that General vinoy, IN