davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19
For the Freeman.
A Chat with Farmers.
No. II.
BY AGRICOLA.

| propose to tell my readers more about
the AUTOMATICALLY When no more
swarms are expected the queen is allowed
to kill all the remaining young queens in
the hive. If two of these young queens
should happen to come out at the same
time, they would instantly commence Il
mortal combat, and the victor would be
recognized us the rightful sovereign. The
whole swarm of bees manifest the liveliesi
interest in the fight, and urge it on exactly
us in human prize-fght.
The drone bees compose about one thir-
teenth or fourteenth part of the whole
swarm and are the most numerous in the
spring. They produce neither wax or
honey; are idle spectators of the labor
performed, and are supported by the in
dustrous workers. | have never known
them to tramp"
As soon rs the swarming season is over,
these drones have served their time, and
the workers commence Il war of eXter-
nination upon them. They sting them to
death. and cast out their remains ~ with
apparent relish. Not satisfied with killing
the bees they destroy even their eggs; and
it is remarkable fact, that in case the
hive is without Il queen, the male bees are
not destroyed in the summer, but are al
lowed to live until spring.
:, H., n' oo,o Poi!EG.y Sys,eiuat,leu
~ i Inhnn S3'hinh !. i1;on .no "e's .
Vi N'oo', witch WITCH Is 81 important 70 the
1uotbss , u, nu.a'n PTS, Is adopted
ny we l'ooaelo' lne sina Al, ana weaher
'ao Soi "p'1,s 40 nHi h lucy coulu hoI
gu W.. 'IiS' anu nonoo t'ley ale ieserVeu
W oo''ooO nJney, ioe" anu c"re lor t.e
sauos' oo n P'e.e .ne oeIls anu walI Oh Iae
luIeh. i' ne 'ioto vigorous CLASS are wax
N ,ha aney ii'so ciiaise Vi provision
,nS enu NV oo0lo'o tl'e ""A' CONSTRUCT
.!io ooi's, anu w"So WAL whenever hosIill-
'ie ~ "ie o''leo lot'
nc n a "a "oihrrs vary from hVe
W my l'iou1tn,'' "ccoru'nS 10 tne SIZE OF
.iio 'li'o l. e'e queen Is lost 'he hive is
' thrown ' n lnSo ; lne greatest CONFUSION: lhey
luAvo !llo hlve anu ), ttcll ior her' IN every
are: anu IL not iound they soon lose
t!ielr courage anu cease TO labor and
lin'lly 'lc "noie community dle. H.
however 'hey ma Il gfno OF queen in
'ile colip' .'iey proceed 10 cons truct Il
royal cell' anu IN sixteen DAYS. they have
produced " new queen; and order and
peace are restored, Without queen
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

Nothing adds SO much to the beauty of
farm as neat, tidy surroundings Farm
ers are too much occupied about the plow-
ing, planting, etc, to give much time to
light work in spring, yet it would require
but very little extra effort to spare few
hours about the house in picking up and
raking off the dirt from about the house
and barn but it would add so very much
more to its attractions, and make it tar more
valuable in the eyes of others, particularly
those who are in search Of farm to pur-
chase rs home. Add to this the repairing
of broken hinges and gates and all kinds
of machinery, and one has relieved him
self of great discomfort and has been
rearing a refined influence, both in his own
family and that of his neighbors, and also
prolonged the life of his family by the re-
moval of that which creates disease and
death. An ounce of preventative is
worth Il pound of cure"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

/ CARING FOR Milk. Never, under
any circumstances, put n pail OF milk into
your cans before straining. One pail OF
unstrained milk may spoil whole can,
and one can of impure milk will certainly
injure all milk or cream with which 1t
comes in contact. In the name of decency
we beg of every patron to be particular
about milking and properly straining his
milk.
,. Cans containing milk should never be
kept in a milking barn during the night.
The scent of the stable (however well
kept. will injure the milk and spoil the
nice flavor fresh butter should have. An
open shed, little distance from the barn,
your woodshed, or cool kitchen, is the
only proper place for keeping milk over
night.
3. Insist that your milking is done in
clearly manner. Too much pains cannot
be taken in this particular. Carelessness
here will entail a great loss on the manu-
facturer and insult the consumer.
4. Bed your cows with sawdust, if pos
sible; it will keep your COWS clean and the
stable sweet.
8 Do not, under aHy circumstances
leave your pals and straner Mt the barn
over night. Please carry them to the house
and insist that they be properly washed
both morning and evening. Much depends
on this.
6. Use only tin pals for milking.
Z. Tin strainer pals are the best for
straining milk. Some dairymen use strain
er pulls, also a cloth stretched across the
can-thus straining the milk twice. We
advise this double straining of milk. 1t
costs you but little trouble while it will
greatly add to the value of the butter and
cheese made from your milk. -Americon
Ddirynlan.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

RAISING CLOVER FOR SEED.-Mr. J. c..
Brdsell, South Bend. Ind, the well known
manufacturer of clover hullers, says in the
Clorer Leaf:
My observation in regard to clover
aud clover-seed raising has been greater
than that of many, on account of having
followed threshing from my youth, prior
10 my invention, and many seasons have
run four machines. have always noticed
that whenever we found Il job where there
was large yield, it was where the seed
had been sown one bushel to five or six
acres, mown the last days of June and
plastered after the first crop had been
taken off. | have seen field when one
half had been mown and got off before
July ], and the balance of the field not till
two weeks later, on which the seed that
was started first yielded three and half
bushels per acre, the remainder three
bushels. This you see was quite loss to
the raiser, and the hay first mown equally
us good as that which was mown last. |
have raised seed myself that went four and
II half to the acre. | have also taken
clover from the field in three different con-
ditions, and laid away in the dry, for the
purpose of knowing when was the best
time to cut seed clover The first state
was then dead ripe; second when hand
somely brown; and third, still greener,
and when thoroughly dry, rubbed out the
seed and put the three piles on plate and
could see no difference That which was
cut the greenest was just as plump seed
as that which was dead ripe. This shows
that the head receives enough sustenance
from the stalk after it is cut to fully mature
the seed, and when cut little greener
you can save almost every seed. Always
turn when the dew is on, so that the bolls
will not rattle off"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

EASY OF ATrAINMENT.-By the cultiva.
ton OF kind and generous impulses, every
man who will may become gentleman.
1t is too rarely we find, among those who
vote themselves the gentlemen and ladies
of the day. anything to warrant their as.
sumption. There is but little of the true
metal abont them. Personal contact re
veals arrogance and pride, and too
often 4 meanness of spirit and ittlenes,
that disgraces human nature. So far ms
our observation goes-and it covers many
years Of contact with high and low, rich
aud poor-we are constrained to saw that
while among the poor there is rs a general
thing a sad lack of external culture-ol
attention TO little personal habits that arr
not agreeable TO others, and which ouybl
to be corrected-there are really in the
lower and middle ranks of society, so call
ed;,. quite as many true gentlemen and
ladies as among those who claim the ex.
elusive right to these desirable desipnn.
tions.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

Sailing STOCK. One of the most i'm
portant things to attend to in the care OF
farm stock of every kind is that they have
access at all times to salt In this connec.
ton we would again call attention to the
bad practice in vogue with many other.
wise good farmers, in that they salt irrep-
ularly, and ut such times with too liberal
hand. Thus animals will gorge them
selves, and this often results in severe
purging. Again, when salt is thrown
about on the ground to be licked up. the
stronger animals get more than thew
should and the weaker ones little or none
Besides this, injury to weak animals is
often the result of this struggle. The
proper way TO salt stock is to have the
salt placed under cover, where thew NAV
get it every day if they wish. In this wsy
they take just what they want and no
more, and, while eating what is necessary
for them, they never take enough TO do
them injury. Thus cattle will seldom take
more than AN ordinary tablespoonful per
day, and this is about what they require
in summer as an aid to proper digestion.
Prairie Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

TIE CALIFORNIA TULE WHEAT FIELDS
Editorial correspondence of the Troy
Budget, from California, has the following:
In California they never talk about the
number of bushels in Il crop. 1t is always
stated AS so many tons. Speaking of the
wheat crop reminds me of the tule lands,
and the curious way of cultivating them.
Please pronounce tule rs though it was
spelt toola. Tue is the name of the reed
that grows ten feet high on the soil. The
tuIe lands are those vast alluvial bottoms
in the great valleys, traversed by the larger
rivers that come down from The mountains
to the sea. The river banks are dyke by
Chinese cheap labor to keep off the waters
OF the stream from the tule lands on which
the crop is to be raised. The tule lands
are black rich muck of the richest sort,
and bear enormous crops of wheat. Seven
ty-tive bushels to the acre, and down to
forty is what they name. The lands are
too watery ana soft botlomed to be plow-
ed in the ordinary manner. SO 10 prevent
the horses from being mired wooden
shoes, nine by eleven inches, screwed on
the iron shoes, are put on the feet of the
four horses that draw the plow. Very light
plowlng answers. Then the wheat is sown
broadcast with hand machine The land
being soft and miry it is found impracti-
cable to harrow or drag in the seed wheat
in the usual manner. Therefore tlocks of
sheep, five hundred in II flock, are driven
over the field after the seed has been scat
tered, and the sheep tread in the seed AS
well IT'S it could be done by narrowing or
dragging. The sheep walk across the field
are kept together by shepherd
dogs, and perform their work perfectly.
They are allowed certain hours to rest and
feed, and when treading in the seed seem
TO know their "biz " US well us though
they had served an apprenticeship to it.
A flock treads in sixteen acres a day. |
Later in the season when the crop has
ripened, the ground has dried to such an
extent that the work Of harvesting is easily
performed.
In the great tule land wheat fields the
Wood header gathers in the crop like
thing OF life. Most of the tule lands are |
in the valley of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin rivers, and they are usually over
lowed twice year-once in the rainy
winter season and once in June, when the
SHOWS on the mountains melt. The tuIe
lands are in part islands, separated by
small, sluggish branches OF the river. The
ands OF the tule islands alone exceed
'hree hundred thousand acres. The tule
ands usually being lower than the stream,
ire often and easily irrigated, and the crop
nay be put in any time from November
o the end of June.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

EDIBLE ANIMALS. Having been bound
up in Paris during the siege, the editor of
the London Truth ought to know some.
thing about the TASTE of the meat of the
various kinds of animals which were then
used for human food. A shop for the sale
OF horseilesh having been recently opened
In London, he writes, apropos of IL.
A contemporary calls upon me to give
my experience of horsefesh 1t is like
thlrd-rate beef; it cannot be said to have a
disagreeable taste, for it has no taste at an
Donkey. on the other hand, is delicious
and Infinitely better eating than beef or
mutton. This the French soon discovered
during the siege of Paris, for po,tionn
OF donkey cost about six times as much "a
a" portion" of horse. Cats taste exactly
like rabbits; it is impossible to distinguish
between them. The objection to rails is
that when cooked their flesh is gritty.
This objection, however, is somewhat chi.
curean' for, except for this grittiness. thew
are II wholesome and excellent article of
food. am surprised that there is NOT a
society Tor the promption of eating rats.
Why should not prisoners be fed with
hese nourishing and prolific little animals !
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

fresh, pure air is constantly circulating
around and over the cans, the perfection
of which needs no comment.
These chests are now used for refrigera-
ting culinary matters. instead of ice boxes,
and are preferred. This system is used
with great satisfaction by dealers in butter
and eggs, and for fruit houses. For the
latter, however, the duct temperature is
not equal TO that obtained with ice for
keeping fruit long time. but for ripen-
ing and preserving reasonable period. it
is good. S. + ". is now being applied to
a variety of other purposes, but those
mentioned will suffice to satisfy the gener-
al reader. Further information may be
had by special correspondence. addressed
to J. w. WILKINSON,
Harvard, Ill.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

To those whose corn was hurt by the
frosts, or whose hills are missing from
crows pulling or worms eating. we COM
mend the following from one who evident.
ly knows beans. Any vacancies in the
corn field may be proftably filled as indi-
Gated, and the loss to the corn will be
small-and fully made up in the crop of
beans secured:
f NJ, of Montgomery county, n. Y,
writes: beans are neglected too much
by farmers. l find them very profitable,
and cultivate them every year, as a regu-
lar crop. Last year, at the suggestion of
n friend, planted two acres of a six-acre
corn field in beans, putting beans and corn
in alternate hills, and rows three and
half feet apart. The balance of the field
was planted in corn. in hills three and II
half feet apart each way. | use the
small white bean, twenty quarts to the
acre. From the two acres | harvested
about forty bushels of beans; and the
yield of corn was not five bushels less per
acre than the balance Of the field The
bean crop was much more profitable than
the corn. | stack beans around stakes,
four or five feet high, and thresh as soon
as dry enough. "-Practicai Farmer
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

Wool ON TIE SLEEPS BACKs.-Tbe
ordinary breeds of sheep met with in most
countries do not change their coat as has
been clearly demonstrated by exhaustive
experiments. They have been left unshorn
for four, seven and eleven years without
any fresh growth being observed, although
the original coat confined to increase by
simple prolongation of the individual hair
The rate of growth is faster during the
first three years of the Sleeps life. after
which it decreases gradually and consider
ably. In domesticated sheep the growth
each year is most luxuriant Immediately
after the shearing, in June and July, while
in the wild breeds, as might be expected.
it is most marked in winter time when
the severity of the weather demands addi-
lional prolection.-Erchange.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

ASHES FOR CATTLE.-The Maine farna-
er says: "One of our substantial sub
scribers, in u recent conversation gave his
experience in treating neat stock affected
with the habit of eating wood, chewing
bone, etc. His cattle were one spring af
fected in this way, They became thin in
flesh, refused TO eat hay, and presented Il
sickly appearance. He put about four
bushels of leached ashes in his BARNARD
and threw out to them about Il shovelful
each day. They all ate it with evident
relish After turning them out to pasture,
he put one peck of dry ashes per week on
the ground in the pasture. They ate it all
up and gnawed off the grass where it had
been lying. The cattle began to improve,
gaining flesh and looking better than they
had for several years. He now gives one
quart of ashes, mixed with the same guam
tity of salt, to twelve head of cattle, about
once week, and finds it to agree with
them wonderfully"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

SEEDING Down WITH CoRN.-Mlny of
the farmers in Bethel, Vt, make a prac
tice of seeding their corn fields to grass
after hoeing the last time, and consider it
very sure way of getting catch. ="
The shade OF the corn protects Tic young
grass from the sun; and after the corn is
cut of, the grass makes a rapid growth
until winter, often growing from one to
two feet high. Clover can be sowed in
this way, and obtains such start that
there is not much danger of winter-killing
as is often the case with that sowed later
in the season. Only level culture should
he practiced, and the use of the roller the
next spring is recommended in Sci
,ntifc Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

Aside from our personal interest in the
dairy business, our duty to our readers is
to furnish such information us we are able
to get on this subject and kindred topics.
Having heard of system of cooling and
ventilating dairy rooms by means of a
sub-earth duct invented or discovered by
Mr.. Wilkinson, of Illinois, we have Sc
cured from him an article giving the mat
ter full description. In private letter
received from Mr.. Wilkinson he speaks of
the crop prospects Of the west, and the
dairy interest in Wisconsin, where he was
at the time of writing, as follows:
The amount of vegetation on the ground
here to-day is unprecedented 1t has been
too wet for corn, oats and spring wheat
they have suffered on land needing drain
ing, on account of the excess of rain.
From present prospects there will be AN
immense surplus of crops in this state,
and find it thus wherever am called by
my business, which is exclusively the
ventilation of buildings. especially tenn
pering and ventiating dairy buildings.
This is leading dairy state, and find
that the most advanced and intelligent
darymen with whom meet are the most
eager to possess themselves of every i'm
provemcnt developed in their art.
sUB-EARTH VENTILATION.
EDITOR OF FIREMAN.
Yours of the Sd instant is here. / will
comply with your request as fully as nv
pressing duties and time at my command
will permit.
You ask me for a description of S. E. v
-sub-earth ventilation, disqualification in
the FREEMAN. There are two patents on
the sub-earth ventilation system, issued
respectively in 1874 and 1875. 1t is now
in use in nine states. 1t gives satisfaction
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19
IN. MISCELLANEOUS.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Monday, Ayra % ~.
TRAINS GOING SOUTH ANDp,s-

oiN' SOUTH ANDEAsT
:, Leave &c y Montpelier at9.g A.N..1s.
Man rRAIsleayes St Adams 7oo. =, $50 az
q" . NJ tuI boston, New Luudrt = y. N1tsfs..
YORK and intermediate p1iris -A arlIgGtif' ~
EAPhEssleayes kOuses PliutafIoo. "tt
yD,1nsiii.9 ~. ,Aiuahs az u. H.,EIrir,,e MONTE
MIXED TRAIN leaves - Ans,'t. l.Ns 90 ny
",9 NJ Moutpelier 25 p N igr r. y Blrlry.
ba,,s "a a. Mss rom J<den sburg Nt.,.d
Bost1n wa L9wellor Fltchburg I'LL on 70 ry e.
andintermedlatep points ''''' Nsttld Nevy.'.'
TRAINS GOING NORTH Ayrvr.
, 4 Leave Montpelier at a,1s5.loIl,a,
DAY ExPREssIeaves Boston viarj,,t,. '-' sid
a.; va lapNtllr Uh A " New Luudut ~ at 81
neids OOA NJ N9ntpelier3 i0pN fa.r,, 70 Spin
Adams, MOntres and Ogdtntl ir. brills'tt'L
AS,ohMopATIQN leaves White Elrarr.. '''i
Il nnutneller9 90 p. Ne. for BurIr stl, ioIlet
ACCOMMODATION Train leaves N0ryl iNf Als,,'
MontpeHer 10 A. NJ, for Buri,,, 90 a'F -
Johns and Montreal '''' 'AtluA. ~ AlIsrrAA D..
g Nj MlIIXED leaves White RiverJuucit,r- ST.
uelu lu4oA arrives at Mbuttp1Is, B.. s. y, N5,,,
- accommodation leaves Mont er,,'rr - g. .''A
Burlington, st Adams. Rousps p,,,. D! No , z Q.
NIGHT EXPRESS leaves Boston va J .,' y ls''
gla fHchburgh 90 P. NJ, New York sls -aiiHpy
ned 5OOP NJ Npntpelier3I54 Al t SIM,
AlDans Montrea and Ogdctgiuryi , f',t rtaf ~
rams ~ lea S NontpelierforBa Barr, A. ~ Wet
ReturninEIeaveBarreat7itA.u.ap5l,,.. .. ''''
Sleeping carFare attached 70 v.t. ''I
running between Moutrealau rs ~ Lrlrsss,,,.,
aud Springfield. and New Yart ii aud Nrf,.'.i
pphrI3r Cars and Day Express be,%ta, b. IraT sr5
Through tickets for Chicagoa1dtl,yr.... cd
the principal stations. 90 west foIss,..
J. WHyRnr
@. W BENTLEY. G-t. ,r,.
Genl Manager
StAlhans, Vt, April 27.I-..
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19
Poetry.
TIIEOI.D HOWE.

1t is not a castle olden,
Standing in the sunlight golden,
Relic Of the past,
With deep moat messed and hoary,
And a ray from bygone glory
Ger its ruin cast;
But mansion fair and pleasant.
known alike of peer and peasant
For its kindly cheer,
With its glades and leafy covers,
Ferny haunts of lettering lovers.
And the shy, wild deer.
Crimson blossoms redIy glowing,
Pickering shadows DER it throwing,
Veil the lichen's stain;
Sunset CLEANS of rose and amber.
Where the ivy tendrils Chamber,
Flush each easement pane.
Turks no ghost behind the arras,
Happy midnight dreams to harass,
Wakes no Banshee's wall;
Tapestry. nor antique lumber,
Doth its sunny hall cucumber,
Shield nor suit of mail.
Morning wakes its household noises,
Busy footsteps, laughing voices,
As in days of yore;
Burns Its warm hearth ever brightly,
Where the gay groups gather nightly,
Though it knows no more.
Hearts by other loves supplanted,
steps that once its precincts haunted,
flushed by mount and sea;
Only my sad heart remembers
Flowery Junes and dark Decembcrs,
Spent, old home, in theel
shadows pace the garden alleys,
Wander with me through the valleys,
Join my woodland walk;
And by streamets willow shaded,
Where the song-birds serenaded,
Parted lovers talk
lilly talking, idly dreaming,
With the sunlit waters cleaning
Golden at their feet;
While the fair-haired children plumber,
Rosy.mouthed, with blue.eyed wonder,
Fruitage mid and sweet.
When | stretch my hands in greeting,
Each familiar name repeating,
Straightway from my sight,
Back to angel bowers they vanish,
Fen as beams Of morning Danish
Visions of the night.
Chambers JOurH
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19

Habit is hard TO overcome. If you tax,
on the first letter, it does not change ga
bit. lfyou take off another, YOU still
have =" bit left. If you take off anoiho,
the whole of :" it " remains. Ifyou take
OIL another. it is not 81 " totally used mn
All OF which goes to show that if YOU wish
to get rid of habit, you must throw i,
off altogether. ="
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19
RADICAL CURE

Ia aocal and constitutional remedy and is applied 10
The nasal PASSAGES by Insulation thus allayiug in
Elimination aud pain and at once correcting cleansing
and nurfying the secretiOns. Internally administer
ed il acts upon the organs Of circulation keeps the
skin moist neutralzes the acid pOtsOn that has found
ia way into the stomach and thence into the blood
Tins cure progresses in both directions and it does
not seem possible for human ingenuity TO devise a
mnre rational treatment
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1878-06-19
THE MODE OF SETTING .

The milk is set in 8'x20" cans, filling
them to the depth of 10 With Il well
arranged duct and exhaust. all the cream
may be raised in Sc hours, and | have
found that milk may stand 60 hours
without becoming sour Or bitter. The
ventilation or circulation in the chests
being upward, the air being admitted at
the bottom and Withdrawn from the top,
all emanations from the milk, whether of
heat or odor, are instantly removed and