Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1878-10-24


proper means to effect this conversion.
The evaporation OF volatile substances
by the heat absorbed, and apparently
disappearing during this evaparstiOn,
furnishes the most ready means to
produce an artificial refrigeration; but
in order not to lose the volatile mate
rial, and to use it over and over again,
1t Is inclosed in air-tight vessels, in one
or more OF which ii is forced to evapO-
rate by means Of an exhaust pump
driven by steam power, while in 9TH
ers it is condensed by the same pump
and restored to its liquid condition, but
as the evaporation produces great cold
and converts the vessels in which it
takes place into real refrigerators, the
recOndensation produces as much heat
and raises the temperature of the YES
sci in which it is condensed. But this
heat is easily disposed of by means of
an ordinary current of cold water, af-
ter which the liquid is again passed
into the refrigerator, aud thus, by re-
peated evapOratiOns, the temperature
is held down to the desired standard.
Prof. Faraday first discovered the Ii
quefactiOn of ammonia by mechanical
compression. Prof. Care applied it 10
the absorption of heat. He invented
a machine for the manufacture of ice
by the combining of mechanics and
ammOniacal gases. Air has been re-
peatedly tried for the last thirty years
| or more, but without economical re-
suits, it requiring too much fuel. Sui
phuric oxygen has been tried, but the
changing it from sulphuric oxygen to
mi nh hy- ui r
into 1t destroys the machine, and it
has been abandoned by all who have
undertaken 1t as failure. CarbOnic
| acid gas has experimental with, but it
failed; Others also proved defective,
and experiments with other gases pro-
duced no practical results. The only
two practical results that are used now
! which are not subject to change, and
have no action ON the metals they
come in contact with, are ammonia
and chymOgene. The only objection
| to amnOuia WAS the high pressure re-
quired to l!quefy it, but that has been
overcome to great extent by the in
PRODUCTION of improved machinery.
The method of making ice has been
im proved very much since the first in
vention was brought out. Then the
ice was made very porous and vastly
inferior to natural ice; now it is made
clear and transparent, in blocks weigh
ing from one pound to one ton, at the
pleasure Of the operator Of the ma
chine, and 1t possesses One-tifth more
durability when exposed than the ma
| tural ice.
The first successful machine intrOdu-
ced into the United States was small
Carre. 1t VAS smuggled through the
blockade into the Confederate States.
| Thrn several gentlemen in New Or
ltaus bought the right Of the United
States from The French inventor, and
built six large machines in New Or
leans, which are sill in operation. The
! first successful ice factory erected in the
! United States WAS put up by Holland,
| Montgomery q Co., at san AntOnia,
Texas, In 1866; CAPACITY II tons per
day, COST of machine, S4S, 900, One of
the members Of the firm, ID. L. HOl-
land, has continued TO experiment In
ice machines with great success, and
machines Can how be built at much
less expense than the original. Ii
would require more space than is al
! lowable 10 attempt full description OF
an ice machine. The great objection
| heretofore made to the artificial pro-
duction OF ice Was the expense of its
manufacture, but the improved machi-
merry above referred to has overcome
that obstacle, as ice Can be manufactu-
red at the rate of one dollar per ton,
and, the average selling price is
twenty dollars per ton AT this rate it is
| plainly seen that the manufacture Ol
ice by all large large consumers, such
rs brewers, packers, etc., Is much
cheaper than cutting, transporting and
storing the natural article, to say moth
! ing of the immense advantage accruing
from the certainly of the quantity new
er giving out through unusual length
| of intensity Of the heated term.
More especially is this invention a
blessing to the unfortunate dwellers
| beyond tropical sun. In South Amer
lea, for Instance, the Immense expense
of transportation and great waste by
melting causes ice to be an almost un-
attainable luxury, just where it is
needed most. The erection of these
machines in all the principal cities OF s.
America cannot fail to be a success.
| Mr.. Crowell, late master mechanic OF
the S. A. r. r., builder Meiggs, has
recently purchased machine of d. l..
Holden, of Philadelphia, with daily
capacity of twelve tons, and is erecting
it in Lima, Peru, where ice sells for
ten cents per pound. He proposes to
sell 1t for five cents. The cost of man.
ufacture will be $40 90 for the twelve
tons, or less than two cents pound.
The machine Is run by water power.
In the cause of suffering humanity,
success to the ice machine.