davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
AV
Murderer Captured The Grim"
and the Slayer.


For the crime Of larceny. Henderson
Afford, a negro. resident III this county.
was, in September, 1876, imprisoned ia
the county jail IN this city. lie bore
the reputation of a desperate character.
and was watched carefully. He made
no attempt at escape until one Sunday,
September 18th, in that year. AS the
deputy sheriff and jailer, Mr.. James ].
Rogers, was giving him his food that
day, the prisoner suddenly jumped on
him, threw him 10 the floor, striking
him in the face a terrific blow, stunning
him. He then jumped upon he ailer,
and took his pistol. With the butt Of
this weapon be gave Mr.. Rogers another
blow.
liz the cell with Afford three negroc.
were confined. One of tuese, a notable
criminal, was shackled. The two others
were engaged in giving water 10 the
soon as Mr.. Rogers fell on the floor of
the passage, and took away the Jail
keys. They then unlocked tn. door
opening into the yard, and went out,
calling to Afford to follow. This be al
once did, and the three fled. The day
was very dark, gloomy and stormy.
Il III sAliiJta lalitI BhB ADA XIV lac
alarm until he recovered consciousness,
which was after some minutes.
Pursuit. however. WAS made, though
it was not known which way the men
had gone. Word was sent to White
Oak Township. the home of Afford, ano
the deputy sheriff, Thomas j. pass-
more, discovered the man. Gu ata mpt-
ing To arrest him, Afford resisted. and
pulling out the pistol taken from Mr..
Rogers, shot him dead, again making
his escape. The next day some OF the
men in the neighborhood organized .
sort of pursuit, and one of the posse
shot the murderer with a rifle. iniiict-
ing a severe wound IN the thigh. Yet
again he escaped. On the 20th sep
TENDER a reward Of 500 "a offered b.
Gov. Brogden for him.
Since that time he has lived here and
there, nearly always in hiding, aud sew
eral times pursued, and once sur
rounded IN a swamp. But be
ever eiuded capture until Tues.
dey last. Information had been given
that he was AT work on a farm in Frank
lin county. Il miles from kittrelis-
Messrs. J. NJ. Sorrell, j. III. Lowe and.
w. &. Lowe, residents Of his county.
heard where nc was, and went in search
of him. Oae of these had worked with
him. He was found cutting wheat and
at once surrounded. His p~ursuers then
suddenly made a rush aud seized him.
He was after this captured tied hand and
foot, dashed TO . and brought III
and placed in the county jail here.
There is a true bill against him for
murder, 80 he will there DO held until
next term OF Criminal Court.
Afford il a large, rawboned maa,
iron muscled, and a giant IN strength +.
His captors made claim al the Executive
office for the 800 reward, which was a.
once paid them. The killing Of Pass
more, who xas a mAn OF some local ca
lebrity, and q good officer and citizen,
attracted much attention At the tim.
aud the capture OF his murderer ha.
been long hoped fo<.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
COntrl buttons TO the Agricultu-
raj Museum.

during the past week, the Commits
sloner has received specimens OF oats
from j.. y. Parham of Johnston also a
specimen Of oats from j. ". Wick <
II. u. Hood Of the same countv. From
W. +. Rheinhardt & NJ. l.. CIvne OF
lataWba. some OF the finest. rye,
wheat. oats. orchard grass, Timothy.
and clover that has ever vet been sent
10 the Commissioner. Mr. j. w. Al
bright of Guilford sends an Indian
pot found on the farm OF Mr.. l.. III.
Lambeth. Mr. William Murdoch of
Rowan, sends specimens Of beetles
(D07yghord JnHctd), closely resem-
bling the potato bug. Mr.. j. c. Hes
ter OF hIttrells, specimens of insects
which are found on the wheat in
franklin, and Mr.. j. r. Wooten. of
Rockingham. insects found on the TO-
mage OF apple trees. Mr.. ID. III. Bar
low, OF ~Edgecombe, a photograph of
his celebrated stallion, "Jannifer."
The specimens are gradually improv-
ing, and during this year the Commits
sion will have such a collection as NAV
Well excite the admiration and pride
of all Carolinians.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

The following, which is self-explan-
atory, was printed in pamphlet form
by the Department of Agriculture. 1t
is reproduced here. for general infor-
nation
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Raleigh, y. c., May 31st. 1873.
The following pages will doubtless
be perused with pleasure, and | trust
with profit by our farmers. That this
publication could not appear earlier is
a matter of regret, but the delay was
unavoidable. Samples of the various
brands We're taken and placed in the
hands of our chemist as fast as posi-
BILE after the shipments for the season
hogan. Since the 9th of February
last he has devoted himself labOriously
n almost exclusively to the work of
Analysing these samples. The case
taken before the Supreme Court con-
testing the constitutionality of our
law for regulating the sale of CONNER
cial Fertilizers, was decided in its ia
vor. and | am gratitied to state that
the system by which it is operated and
its provisions enforced meets the gen
eral approval of both consumer and
manufacturer
The methods used bv our chemist
for Analysing and determining the
merits and value of these fertilizers
are such as are endorsed and practiced
by the most eminent chemists of the
world, and are established on truths
developed by long years of patient
scientific investigation.
1t is therefore with pleasure that |
commend a defence of these methods
80 ,,ol, Nv H.. T ,l,,~ n, thn fnllAu-
ing pages, to the earnest attention of
our people, and especially to those of
our farmers who were favored with
the publication of the Southern Ferti-
lizer Company referred to in it.
1t is not for me to attempt to ex-
plain why a gentleman justly noted
for his intelligence and courtesy
should refuse to recognize the profess
sional character of DR.. Ledoux by des-
ignating him as "Mr. Ledoux attached
to the Department of Agriculture"
1t is due to the learned and able gen
tlemen composing our Board, no less
than to DIR. Ledoux, that | should
state that this Mr.. Ledoux" obtained
his earlier chemical education at the
School of Mines of Columbia College
New York City. He studied Organic
and Agricultural Chemistry at the
University Of Berlin, Germany, and
at the University of Goettingen. He
passed his examination at the latter
University and received at one and
the same time the degrees of Master
of Arts "a. NJ and Doctor of Philos-
ophy (Ph. d.. Since that time he has
been connected with a laboratory in
New York City, where fertilizers and
chemicals are analysed. He has been
elected a member of the German
Chemical Society of the American
Chemical Society and of the Ameri-
a Association for the Advancement
of Science and Art. In addition to
the above facts, DR.. Ledoux came
strongly recommended by such distin-
guished men as DIR. A. W. Hoffman, of
Berlin. and Drs. Charles Bolton and
j. 5. Newberry, of New York, and the
Board did not hesitate to engage his
services. l.. l.. POLK.
Commissioner.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
$4,000
400 X 90
50 X 2C-:16.00

Total value ......... $4,000
To this method of illustration Col.
OFT objects in the outset, saying
We have seen it asserted that a
fertilizer should be valued, as to cost,
in the same IA as a piece of ore
subjected to assay would be. The
cases are utterly without analogy, in
asmuch as in the one it would lie the
simple finding of a certain quantity OF
an elementary metal. whereas, In the
other, It Is a complex substance made
for work on an other complex sub
stance called the soil. about which lat
ter even the most renowned expert
menters humbly acknowledge that
they have very much yet to learn.
Let us see If we cannot illustrate the
case in point and define clearly, once
for all, the difference between the
agricultural and the Commercial value
or a n Let us try and see If we
cannot find a simile which will satisfy
even Col. OFT. | will make my Lam
guage as simple "a possible.
Let Us suppose that man Is danger
ously sick: he sends for a physician;
the doctor feels his pulse, looks down
his throat, shakes his head and SAYS:
MY friend, you have a cry bad at
ld1h vi OloIAtiiAl5S- alAi ~ IA
thing is done for you right quickly. IT
may cost you your life. The doctor
sits down and writes him out a pres
cription: he has the medicine made up
at the druggists around the corner,
and, taking It, the dangerous symp-
toms subside; he Is cured.
One fine day he walks down To the
drug store To settle his account, n Is
astounded II SEE that his bill Is $500.
He demonstrates. But says the
druggist, my dear sir. did not this
medicine save your life, and don't Y on
consider your life worth x25. ~:
Certainly. saws the ex-patient, but
that medicine was not worth so 90. |
have a copy of the prescription. here
il Is
Sulphate OF Morphia, 2grains.
Bromide OF Potassium, , drachms.
Water, ounces.
Now l could buy this same thing
across the way at the other drug store.
bottle and all, for p CENTS. Yes.
saws the druggist, ''but you were 40
able to go after IL, to hunt up a place
where you could get lt more cheapiy.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Yours sincerely.
ALBERT X IfI~aUN.

II ANALYSIS y VALUATION ~ PER
TIIIZERs IN GENERAL. AND OF THE
ANCHOR BRANp" ~ PARTICULAR.
N foregoing letter 10 the Commit
sloner of Agriculture viii explain sus-
nclently my reason for again enlarg-
ing upon the methods used in aScer-
tanning the commercial valu of "A fer
tillzer, and what follows will briefly
set forth some of the grounds upon
which chemists base their belief. that
the valuation arrived at from their
analyses may fairly represent the trade
value of guano.
l am writing now, as | nave endeav-
ored to do in all my communications.
for farmers, and hence. must try 10
adopt different terms and different
language from that which | would use
were the question being discussed be-
fore a scientific body or an a~ssemblage
of chemists. 1t is very difficult, how
difficult only those who have tried 1t
can know. to be Ineligible, and at
the same time scientifically accurate.
In my first publication, made over a
year ago, | wished to illustrate my
meaning by a simi'e, and | hunted a
long time to find II which would be
suitable and readily understood.
the used the following language
The Chemist, having determined
by his analysis h percentage of the
different forms of plant food in a com
mercial fertilizer, has a very simple
way of calculating its commercial val
ue. In the case of the miner the chem
list tells him not only the percentaee.or
amount, of gold and silver his ore con
talns, but also its value per ton, based
on the amount of the precious metal
present. Suppose he found by analy-
zing a sample that a ton of the ore
would contain 10 ounces of gold and
80 ounces of silver. Gold being worth
S20.G1 per ounce, and silver $1.00 per
ounce, then q ton of the ore is worth
S236. 20"
10 X S20.67-S2O6. 20
80 S1.00-S30.C 60
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
Visitors to the Agricultural Do
partment and Museum.

The Federal and Supreme Courts
being IN session III this city, the Com
m~enccments at Chapel Hill and Wax"
Forest, and the State Convention,
have brought To our City of Oak "a
large number Of visitors. quite 4
Commissioner and seemed delighted
with the progress the Department -
making. The Commissioner has
kindly consented TO furnish IA here
after a list Of his visitors for puhl,cA
ton.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
10 X $40. 10
80 X S~1.00-S30.C
Total ..23o.1O

Just SO with the fertilizer Take for
example a sample of ground bones,
and suppose our analysis had shown
us that it contained 20 per cent. of
phosphoric acid and 4 per cent of Nj
trogen. In a ton we would have.
therefore, 400 lbs. of phosphoric acid
and so lbs. of Nitrogen.
If phosphoric acid is worth, say 6 cents
per pound. and nitrogen 20 cents per
pound. then the value of this lot of
ground bones will be $40. 90 per ton
400 x6-S24. 90
50 X 2C-:16.00
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
D D R E S S
Col. Polk to the Farmers OF Ire
~ dell-EnthuSiastic Meeting.

Col. Polk. Commissioner of Agli-
culture. was introduced ~ pr +. q.
Halyburton. Col Polk said
He hal long desired u Visit the cifi-
zens OF lredell-a people whom he re
spected and esteemed. noted for deyo-
ton to good government. and m
principles Of civil liberty, which was
shown by their record. He vas per
sonally a stranger TO them told them
that he vas a plain, practical farmer
that he was a fuil-blooded North Car
Gilman that he had no axe TO grind,
but desired TO talk a "A farmer. to far
mers, of the farming interests, and to
talk plainly and tell them the plain.
unvarnished truth.
The legislatures of the State, and the
United States, never appreciated the
dignity and value of the vocation of
the farmer. No act of the legislature,
of any Importance. looking especially
to the interest of the farmer. had ever
been enacted until the session of 1876
Il. Seventy-six per centum of the
population of the State were farmers.
Why no legislation before, in the in
terest of the farmer, because the
farmers did not ask for it.
Pennsylvania appropriated, annually,
to sustain her agricultural inter
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
JUNE Is, 1873. J
Department Of agriculture
state Hoard of Agriculture, Immigra-
ton and Statistics.

y VANCE. Governor and ex officio Chair
hiMi- KERR state GeOlogist and ex officio
",.r of the Board.
lnyihn' p,TrTF President State Agricultural
NJ 80 on offciO member OF the BOald.
' ~ UnIT. President State Agricultt raj
,rd rX officio member OF the Board
0"'Ir : ,~pER. Master State Grange, II.
a." "a ~ ofdcio menbe OF the Board.
"i IL TUrspFN. If Fdgec mbe county.
y Il. FvASs. of Cumberland county.
IoNAihN POLK. commissioner.
-" - i ROBINSON, Secretary and Treas
uTaT- floor az Prioos, Puild ING
Raleigh. N-C.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

or , defence # the methods hv which
We arrive a. a knowledge 1t the com
POSITION and commercial yalu. of !
fertilizer | have IN NJ table before
ia" - ! rite. nearly fffx r1aev< ~
nanus rpi anil printed matter al
dressed 10 myself. - vou. and - the
people Of North Carolina. al nx.r the
signature 81 Col John Ott. S&~-r-tarv
81 the Southern Fertilizer %. manu-
facturers at tn. Anchor Brani fer
tIlizer-. These acCgu1u IAtssf rummu-
ulcatlouS bar iat. al A'ouE from
June. -. to January. =. have
passed thsm AL by. hitherto. II silence.
a ! DID not w1~n !. ~su-l. ont anv
particular fertilizer 40 ms Published
reports. Nor - srnI Gu aIt4,k ans TAR
tlcuiar brand. In t4un. hA~ come
however. hen the farmers wl>h me
10 take some notice nt the Published
assertions OF Col. Oft. and TIM. wtli
q" a. briefly a. possible IN a
Gallon herewith incluecd. .hall
however. h. drawn into no public c,n.
troter.v. hut. having made my reply.
VIII quietly 20 on an~aivzlng fertilizers.
Tire Anchor Brand anon. them.
whenever they arr presented ~ me. II
the manufactures % the Anchor
Brand think that ms ANALYSES and
other publications impure their trade
IN the state, they are perfectly Iu~ti-
nable. from . business point of view
IN publishing anything and doing all
they can Il counteract the influence If
the station. and ! shall not notice any
future publications. OF this COMPANY.
II ! can consclentlousiy avoii DONG
SO.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, I
STATE UNIVERSITY.
Chapel Hill, Nav 2Sth, lS1S.y

Hon. L. L. Polk. Commissioner Of 4g-
r~,cuiture:
DEAR SIR submit herewith my
analyses of those fertilizers sold In
this state during the first half of 1873.
For the sake of comparison append
last years analyses also.
The commercial values are Calcula-
ted upon the same basis as last year,
the market value of the ingrt dient>
having varied little or none. This
table is as follows:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

The palm of seniority amons
Presbyterian churches IS gwen u
that at Jam lea, l. l., which Mas
established tn the year lose.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

l had hoped that it would be %nec
AIRY to come before the public Vet
once more, with either an explanation
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13

Austria. :. 5000. 900
$500. 900
Hungary $500. 900
Canada. $500. Il, 000,Q 60
France -........ 1900, 900
Italy $500, coo
United States go, 600
People are a~waking to the impor-
tanCe of Departments of Agriculture,
and taking more interest in them. He
gave a history of the establishment of
a Department of Agriculture in our
State, and showed what it proposed t.
accomplish. 1t does not cost the peo-
pie one farthing, and it is the only De-
partment of Agriculture in the United
States operated without taxing the peo-
pie to support it stated that the reve-
nue. of the Department vas derived
fromthe privilege license tax on com
mercial fertilizers; the Department en-
braced everything that touches agri-
culture, immigration statistics, artifi-
cial propagation of fish, protection of
iSO N.Y. oiiNt 10 oi hAoiS
comprehensive than any system in any
of the States. He spoke of CONNER
cial fertilizers gave the history of a
cargo which reached the State of
Georgia, which the shippers declined
to have analyzed by a chemist. and re-
shipped it to Wilmington, whence it
was sold to the farmers OF North Car
oiina-and they not ~appreciating any
value to the crops upon which it was
used, declined to pay for it had it
analysed, and proved in court that it
contained fifCy-seven per centum of
sand.
He spoke of the necessity of having
analytical stations in charge of expert
chemists, to detect authorizations of
fertilizers, and protect the interest of
the farmer, and hat the passage and
enforcement of this law had already
saved the State half a million dollars I:
spoke of the duties of the analytical
chemist, among them. to furnish for
mulas for compost and homemade
manures.
PiscicuIture He mentioned the
great benefits to be derived from the
artificial propagation of fish, and
stocking the streams of the State with
them there was only one thing in the
way to prevent the success of this en-
terprise, viz the proper enforcement
of the laws. Under these laws no one
had the right to obstruct the passage
of fish up the streams by dams built
across them. Four or five millions of
fish had been Matched last spring and
distributed to the variou streams i n
the State if the farmers wanted a law
to protect their interest, they should
instruct their delegates to the legisla-
ture to have it enacted politicians
were far behind the masses of the peo-
pie on these subjects.
He stated that the Department had
in connection with it a Land Agency,
the object of which was to advertise
and sell any lands offered the Depart
ment on terms stipulated by the own
ers descriptive blanks would be fur
nished by the Commissioner on appli-
cation, for this purpose a fee of one
dollar would be chara ed for registering
each lot of land no other charge
would be made, unless a sale was eff
feCted, and then a commission OF p
Der cent. would be deducted, making
it, as you see. the cheapest Land Agen-
cy in the country.
Enumeration The eIartment Is
also engaged in doing all 1t could TO
induce immigrants to purchase and
ana settle in the State. The waste
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13
The Fertilizer Controversy.

The following, which is s~elf-explan-
atory, was printed in pamphlet form
by the Department of Agriculture. 1t
is reproduced here. for general infor-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-06-13


The Newspapers Of the Country -
Col. Polk paid a glowing tribute to the
press of the State, and stated that it
had, without exception, given a cor
dial support to the Department that
it was the first time in the history of
the State when a great enterprise had
received the unanimous support of the
press that the Netrs and Observer had
sent reporters throughout the State TO
report his speeches and that the edi-
tors of those political papers had writ
ten and published more original matter
on agriculture since the Department
was organized than the entire press of
the State had lone in the past fifteen
years.
Your reporter has not attempted TO
report the Lar guage, but simply TO give
the substance of the remarks of the
distinguished speaker. The address
was delivered in the Court House,
which was crowded by representative
farmers,-many of them from adjoIn-
ing counties. The speech was deliver
ed in Col. Folks best style, with fights
of oratory which justly EMIT e lin 10
rank among the foremost ora ors of
Mort Carolina. He vas frequently
interrupt ID curing his address with
loud applause. Every one spoke we'll
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1878-01-12
Pacific Waits.

The following paragraph Is taken from a recent
issue Of the Sydney EUeniHJ NeUS 1.-THE four
waits OF the Pacific, whose strange fortunes have
excited a general interest, left yesterday in tho
%Stormbird, a vessel chartered by the Hawaiian
Government TO secure immigrants from the South
Sea Islands TO replace the decreasing population
of the Sandwich Islands. These four women have
been treated with the utmost Kindness at the de-
pot aud, by the liberality Of friends, have been
well rugged out with clothing, aud take back
each II trunk containing calico and other useful
articles. They have been taken about in a car.
riage 20 see the neighborhood Of Sydney, and
have visited the Theatre and other places Of
amusement. They have also been present at
public worship, 50 they will carry back with them
TO Mana recollections Of various sides OF our
civilization. II they were obscrvant they will
be able to tell their countrymen how we elect
our members, and the noise we make over the
performance how We have special arrangement
for hearing people speak, and then deliberately
prevent the speakers being heard by the up
roar we make. The Government have spent
at least GOO on these forlOrn creatures, 30 that
they ought to give a good report of us 10 their
friends at home. The kindness has not been rem
dered from selfish motives but at the same time
we hope it will facilitate intercourse with tho
Kingsmill Group, and any Of the other islands
who may happen TO hear OF it,
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1878-01-12
Proposed Amendment

To Article 81 Of the Constitution granted on the Goth day Of
August, A. ID. 1864, in accordance with Article SO Of said
Constitution. That Article 81 be, and the same is hereby
amended SO as to read as follows:
ARTICLE 81. No person shall be eligible for a Representa-
tive Of the people who is insane or an idiot; nor unless he be a
male subject Of the Kingdom, who shall have arrived at the
full age Of tweniy-one years, who shall know how to read and
write, who shall understand accounts, and shall have been
domiciled in the Kingdom for at least three years Immediately
preceding his election, and who shall own Real Estate or
Personal Property within the Kingdom Of a clear value, over
and above all membranes Of at least five hundred dollars.
Approved Ibis -. day Of ........ A. y. 1916.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1878-01-12
Proposed Amendment

To Article 20 Of the Constitution, granted on the goth day Of
August, A. d. 1854, in accordance with Article 50 Of said
Constitution.
That Article 20, be and the same is hereby amended by
striking out the words I" Of a Court Of Record Immediately
preceding the words " shall ever be a member Of the Legis.
laive Assembly" so that the Article as amended shall read as
follows:
ARTICLE 20. The Supreme Power OF the Kingdom, In its
exercise is divided into the Executive, Legislative, and Judi
Cial, these shall always be preserved distinct, and no Judge
shall ever be a member Of the Legislative Assembly.
Approved this 80. day Of ........ A. ID. 1876.