davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
NO.. 13.
TO TELL THE AGE OF FOWLS.

If the hens spar is hard and the scales on
the legs rough, she is old, whether you see
her head or not, but her head will corrobor-
ate your observation If the under-bill is so
stiff that you cannot bend it down, and the
comb thick,and<rough, leave her, no matter
how fat and plump, for SOME one less partic-
ular. young hen has only the rudimentss
ofspurs; the scales on the legs are smooth,
glossy and freshcolored, whatever the color
may be; the claws tender and short, the
nails sharp !, the under-bill soft, and the
comb thin anAtsmooth.
An old hen turkey has rough scales on the
legs, callosities oil the soles Of the feet. and
long, strong claws; young one the reverse
OF allathose marks. When the feathers are
on the old turkey-cock has long tuft or
beard; the young one but spOuting one;
and when they are off the snssoth scales on
the legsdecide the point. besides thHdiffer-
ence in size OF the wattles Of the neck and :
in the elastic shoot upon the nose.
An old goose when alive is known by the
rough legs, the strength Of the wings, par
ticularly at the pinions, the thickness and
strength of the bill, and the tinedess of the
feathers, and when pluckcd by the legs. the
tenderness of the skin under the wings, by
the points and the bill and the coarseness Of
the skin.
Ducks are distinguished by the same
means, but there is the difference that a
duckling's bill is much longer in proportion
to the breadth of its head than that of the
old duck.
A young pigeon is discovered by its pale
color, smooth scales, tender, collapsed feet,
and the yellow long down interspersed
among its feathers. A pigeon that can fly
has always red-aolored legs and no down.
and is then to old for use as Il soslab. RsssqsJ
Press
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14

year;--therefore, if you fail with some, you
succeed with others.
Do not expect bountiful crops without
care and labor. You must feed your land if
you expect it to feed you. Use fertilizers,
and keep grass and weeds from obtaining
the lions share OF their value.
Breed only from the best obtainable stock.
Your profits will be immensely larger than
If you tritter away your time and money
upon scrubs. Let the best be your motto,
and live up to it.
Use the most improved farm tools. Do
not waste time and strength when there is
no necessity for it. The day when main
strength and awkwardness was all that
could be expected OF farm laborers has
passed. Improved utensils are reasonably
cheap, and they tighten labor and increase
production.
Cultivate the mind as we'll as the soil, and
the same rule obtains in the ons case rs in
the other. What you undertake., do wels.;
A few dollars invested in agricultural books
and newspapers. will return you harvest
exceeding your most sahguine expectations.
-r~Son of the Soil.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
THE HOUSEHOLD,
RECIPES.

| CGHs.-To make good cake. take two
cups sugar, three cups flour, three well beat
en- eggs; one-fourth cup sweet milk, half cup
butter, two teaspoonsful baking powder;
| favor to tn ste.
Gelatime Chstard.-One quart of milk, one
half box of gelatlnc, two-thirds cup OF sugar
and three eggs. Soak the gelatine in a little
water for half an hour. Beat the yolks of
the eggs and add to the milk, with sugars
and a little salt. Let it come to boil andgl
pour hot upon the gelatine, then beat the
whites of the eggs to a stiff. froth, and add
to the other ingredients when nearly cool,
beating all brskly together, Flavor with
almond, or if preferred withlemon or with
vanilla.
Cranberry sDumpling.- Qne'auart of -four,
one teaspoonfnl of soda, two teaspoonfuls Of
cream of tartar, with sweet milk mix to a
soft dough, then roll very thin in oblong, ;
shapes and spread over one quart of berries;
add one-halt pound sugar sprinkled over
evenly; fold over and over; tie in pudding :
cloth and put in a steamer, and let boil one
hour with faith, never raising the lid. Serve
with sweet wine, sauce, or'sugar and cream.
Be'ao:ck Sponge Cdke.-Three eggs, beat
two minutes add one and on-half cup sugar
and beat five minutes; add one cup flour
and one teaspoonfuE cream tartar, and beat
two minutes; add half'a cup cold water ands
half a teaspoonful soda, beat one minute; .
lastly@add another cup of flour, pinch Of
salt, and half the juice and grated peel of a
lemon, beat one minute. This makes .wo.,
loaveS.
Jelly lPoll.-Take three eggs, two, cups of :,
sugar, one cup butter three tablespoonfuls
water, .one of cream tartaFs one-half tea
spoonful soda.i. Stir an togetherand thick
en- with tlouw; pour 'intosa common sized
bread pan; : bake Quickly. When done,
spread one side with good jelly, roll up.
wrap cloth around it, and when it is co,l
you will have splendid jelly cake. Flavor
with lemon or cinnamon.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
THE PQU LTRY YARD.
CARE OF FOWLS AND EGGS.

A Michigan farmers wife, who has had
splendid success, manages her poultry in
this way: 'My hen-house is in sheltered
location, having a southern exposure. The
roosting and laying rooms are warm, and
kept cleamand well ventilated. keep dry
soil, sand and ashes scattered over the floor,
renewing it from time to time. / vary the
food. Corn, when fed by itself, fattens the
hen, but does not produce the more profit
able egg-laying& think it well to give a
feed of corn at night | often make nush
for my hens of coarse-ground Indian meal,
well seasoned with red pepper, and feed it
to them hot. Sometimes, instead of red
pepper, / season with horse-radish, mustard
or gingar. Wild birds get access to many
highly spiced buds and berries, the lack of
which is supplied to our domestic fowls by
the USE of condiments. l save all potato,
,turnip and apple parings to boil for my
hens and when can, boil them in water
in which meat has been boiaed, and, if pos
sble, feed them little raw meat twice a
week. occasionally put a spoonful of sui
phur in theiE feed to keep them clear of ver-
min. My hens lay all winter, and average
over one hundred eggs per year. never
keep hens over three years old"
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
SOFT EGGS.

The cause of the laying of soft eggs is
want of sufficient calcareous matter and the
stimulating effects of pepper and warm feed.
Some wheat screenings should be given in
place of so much corn and potatoes, which
are too rich in starch and defective in lime
and other materials needed for eggs. Give
every day, TO the sixty fowls, one pint OF
the following mixture: peck of ash of
burned bones or oyster shells, finely pow
dered, one pound of flowers of sulphur, and
one peck of wheat bran. This should be
mixed with some scalded meal, used moist,
$50 that the. mixture will adhere to, its.-
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
GRREN FOOD FOR HENS.

A daily ration of green food is actually
necessary for laying hens.- Vegetables,
either cooked or raw, are much relished al
so, and serve in some measure to supply the
place of green diet. Onions, chopped fine
and aixed with their food, are exceedingly
Wholesome, and if not cure are certainly a
preventative of disease in many instances.
Growing chickens axe even more anxious
for green food than laying hens. They
crave it, and when necessary to be housed
from it on account of inclement weather, it
should be provided foythem. There is no
green food SO wholesome for them as onion
tops cut up fine.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
ADVICE TO YOUNG FARMERS.

Commence the new year with firm de
termination to live without getting in debt.
If you fail to make crop, you have simply
made no progress. IEYou succeed, it is al
your own.
Cultivate only the best land. If'you have
a surplus, selNit and use the proceeds in i'm
proving what you retain. Concentrate your
resources instead of diluting them.
Diversity your crops. Do not attempt to
win success by,a single venture- You mage
ba fortunate, bat the chances ARE against
4au.- BuAall csops rarely fail ina-singh
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
AGRICU l T ] RAJ.
PEN NOTES ABOUT THE FARM.
The Soil.

1t is possible that some OF the readers of
my article on 'Selecting Farm" felt that
it was incomplete, inasmuch as the question
Of the richness of the soil was untouched,
Tn most countries this would be the first and
most important subject, bat with lis of Mon
tana, who have the cream of soils to culti-
yate, it Is a secondary consideration, 1t is
generally conceded that the west half of the
great Mississippi valley got its rich soil from
these Rocky Mountains. Then. "A natural
and just conclusion would be that we, occu-
pying the fountain head, have the richest
.ands-the very cream of the continent.
"Why is tms?' you ask, and my answer Is
that the most valued wealth of the soil is
the elements oa lime contained therein.
The work OF ages, which have gone on de-
saying crumblng, melting down and scat
terng abroad the limestone walls of these
Rocky Mountains, have given the wealth to
the soil at their feet. A proof that lime is
the principal wealth Of the soil is arrived at
by tae analysis of its various products. In
the vegetable Kingdom it is foand that lime,
III some form Of combination, is never fail
ing constituent Of the plant. In a search
through collection of analyses, nearly
5000 in number, embracing all kinds OF
plants, shrubs and trees-biennials, ANNALS,
fungi. moses. lichens. aquatic plants of
both tsesh and salt water-including in some
cases the several parts of the plant in its
different stages Of growth trom the tender
bud just putting from the earth to its ripe
ness, and in no analysis in all Of these is lime
wanting. In the words of an eminent cheu-
Ia "Go where you will fonryour plant,
whether to the sea shore or the mountain
top. get it in the water or on dry land, taka
II When young or when DID,. bring me the.
whele'ot it or any part of it, and will find
lime in it.''
Now the abundant occurrence of the COM
pounds of lime in the rocks leads us to the
natural inference Of it's presence in the soil,
since the soil in most cases is derived from
the rocks land the never failing presence OF
atne Ill vegetation, wherever it grows, fur
hlshes us with incontestable evidence to the
salne effect, for as all the co<apoundsof lime
are solid at ordinary temperatures they can
o->ASo AAA oilC SdnCOuS SUtLGC WHCiCC bilCJ
might be taken up by the foliage. The
plant must, therefore, get its lime from the
sol. Arriving at this conclusion, the nece,-
s''y giving some attention to the richness
u the soil is readily seen. TAesoil of our
lowest mountain valleys is generally from
t"o to Eve feet in depth, and from the ex-
aa'anatlons which lave been made. it may
safelyabe estimated to contain parts lime
IN loo. An'acre of soil one foot deep weighs
aoout 5,5OOoOO pounds. At the above esti-
nlate, the soil of onrs best valleys contains
not less than 35,OOOapounds of lime to the
acre. When state that this is 40 per cent.
greater than the lime compound of the aver
ase Soil OF the Middle States, SOMA may
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
AGRICULTURAL ITEMS.

Beans are better for sheep than any kind
of grain.
The great bulk of the cotton crop is now.
grown by white labor, and upon small
farms.
About one hundred and twenty-five thou
sand bushels of clover seed are annually
sent from this country to EuDpe.
The beet sugar works at Isleton, Cal, are
said to be working night andeday, and using
about seventy tons Of beets in twenty-four
hours.
In 1880 Minnesota contaihed but 1900
souls and had but ], 400 acres under cultiva-
ton. In 1877 it contained 75O 900 souls and
nearly 100000 acres under cultivation, of
which nearly 1000, GOO were in wheat.
A farmer should throw so much intelli-
gcnce into all his operations rs to almost
make the. ploughshare Il living idea, his hoe
handle aacalculator, .and imbus his spade
with the, spirit of philosophical investiga-
ton and research.
1t is said man cannot be too radical if he
IS right. The following radical sentiment is
from the IKeste7m Stock Jou,1aaL: >: In nine
hundred and ninety-nine cases i'll thousand
the man that loses hog is himself toblame.
In Hancock county,. Illinois, corn is rot
ting in the fields, heating in the cribs, and
slow at twenty-five cents per bushcl, after
being hauled TO market through the mud.
Hay is below the, cost of production. and the
price of hogs declining.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
lAMOND CITY, M. T., FEBRUARY IA, rs.

thlnk 1t delusive, but an investigation will, /
venture, prove my estimates too low.
The soil of our bench lands varies in rich
ness as we'll as depth from Our low valley
lands. In some locations it is even richer
than the valley lands above described, while
in other localities its proportion OF lime is so
light that its yield OF products, after few
years, grows perccptiby less year after year.
The variance of these toot hill or bench
lands l attribute to the difference of the
material of which they are composed. The
soil of the foot hills or table lands is made
from the rook Of the mountains lying along
by them, and in those sections where the
mountains are composed of granite, slate
aud dolomite, it appears to be quite desti-
tute Of lime, and a continuous cultivation
causes q decline in the yield of products. In
those sections where the mountains from
which the soil was made is composed OF
lime rock, the soil is rich, lasts longest, and
produces the best yields. The loss of lime
from irrigation is very considerable, proba-
bly, more than is taken out OF the soil by
the removing Of the crops produced. But,
upon lands composed largely of limestone
formations, irrigation and cultivation appear
to improve it. The small parcels Of lime
rock, when saturated with water and then
turned up to the air and sunlight by the
plowsllare, seem to dissolve and spend their
strength in the soil, giving it new substance
which is equal to the loss by drainage and
plant food carried away. For potatoes this
soil is the best, the yield is largest and the
quality best. They are meally, and much
better than those grown upon land contain
ing less lime. The lime land is also hest
for wheat, but wheat may also be success
fully grown upon the lighter granite soil
lands. when the proper discretion is prac-
ticeu in cultivation. WILL.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1878-02-14
WEEKLY BY
; r. N. SUT HERL! N,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR
The Rocky MOUNTAIN HusBAspMAS .. 1a. Is designed
Ia ~. of the term, embracing in it's columns every
nn.,rtment of Agriculture, Stock-raiaI.g Horti-
smIturc. Social and Domestic ECONOMY, ,
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1878-09-26

Old Hornbtnder came in from Sagus
the other day and took seat in Wash
ington street barber shop to "wait his
turn" A couple of "snlart" youths be-
gan telling stories about terrible trage-
dies with BARRIERS as the heroes, evidently
to guy the old man. After time old
Hornbender bracei himself, and said ne ::
" Did you ever hear of my rumpus with
a crazy barber down to Lynn2' The
boys allowed they hadn't, and all gath
cred about the old man, who continued ::
swell, I was down to Lynn once, about
a year ago, and went into barber shop
to get my baird scraped off: An when
I took my seat in the chair l saw the
barber didn't look jest right. His eyes
had kinder CLASSY stare in 'em, and he
fourished his razor around while he was
= stroppin' of it in way that made me
uncomfortable, I tell you. Then he grab
bed me- by the nose with one hand and
gave me such a look that couldn't have
lifted my hand to save my life. l didn't
have time, nuther, for afore could wink
he cut nv throat from ear to ear" The
crowd was by this time deeply excited
and one of the boys shouted, ''How did
you get away alive2" II didn't" SOL
emnly replied old Hornbeader. "He
killed me and buried my body in the
celler." A mighty silence ensued.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1878-09-26

Tho floor was put back and nailed down. Mr..
j. E. French, son Of the deceased, Immediate
~ swore out warrants, and nearly dozen
people, including the dean and members Of
the faculty, janitor and severa! students were
arrested. The faculty d.sclaim all knowledge
Of The body-snatching, and say they are entire
" ignorant Of the whole affair.
MURDER AND SUICIDE.
A Cincinnati, Ohio, husband kills his
wife and himself. He was q years old, his
wife six months older. They had been mar.
rted 4 years, had had three children, none of
whom were living. They had had quarrels
and discord, ana had met in the parlor OF their
parents to talk over and adjust their difficult
ties. When he came into his fathers parlor
and met his wife in the presence Of his father
and mother and sister to hear the parental
overtures for reconciliation he exhibited no
conduct that attracted the attention Of his pa
rents. For awhile he eat upon the chair and
quietly listened to the talk, saying nothing.
At last le rose and walked the floor with his
hands in his pockets. Finally turning around
within three feet of Carrie. his wife. he halted
and drew his hand from his pocket, "Baug,
bang" went two shots from a pistol and
down fell Carrie Prehn and Chris Prehn, wife
and husband, side by side, the bloody corpses
surrounded by the father, mother and sister
of the murderer and suicide.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1878-09-26
A Sea.yick FrcnchWOman.

was not the only passenger on board
the Sahara, but was the only male, and
the only valid one. The other was the
wife OF the third officer of Messageries
steamer on the Algiers, Bona, and Tunis
Line, who had come out to Africa to see
her husband, and was now returning to
her mother at Soulon. She was poor
delicate little woman, shrinking as sen
sitive plant; and she should never bave
gone to sea at all. had met her at the
hotel at Oran the day before we left, and
she was then rick with the fear of being
sick. So soon as ever che got on bt'ard
she made up her mind for the worst;
went straight to bed; refused all nourish-
ment save some hideously nause3us tisane
which Sccrate brewcd for her hot aud in
tin can, (Which by its odor seemed once
to have held the oil used in lubricating
marine engines) and began to squall most
disma!ly. She squalled almost without
intermission for nine DAYS and nights.
Stay--whiie we were in harbor at Malaga,
Cartagena, and Valentino, she only
uttered piteous yelps of 20! ma mere,
ma nere!" don't think she was very
sca-sick physically. There was no
stewardess on board; so the poor little
woman had the whole ladies' cabin to
herself, and used to roll about it in the
most alarminety gymnastic manner. I
scarcely think that the Doctor paid her
so much attention as he should have
done; in fact, our medico more than once
expressed his opinion that the best treat
ment for her would be u,s bon boutllon
IN bon cerre de pin de Bordeaux, 1t unI
bonne paire de gifes. The administration
| of the soup and the wine seemed feasible
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1878-09-26
Respectful Under Difficulties.

The American matron in Westm mister
Abbey moves along corridors and over
bones of the departed in state of badly
suppressed dismay. Used to walking
reverently around the grove of even the
humblest NOR ality, to see herself and
brood actually treading upon the most
majestic of tombs is more to her than
paganism. On second tour of the Ab-
bey was in the train Of such a dame
a fairly read intelligent lady, brim full
of reverence, one who at home worships
her minister and pays regular respectful
Sunday evening visits to the local ceme-
terry. She will never forget her .iaunt
through Westminster. Her running fire
Of horror came out in undertones in this
wise: "Anna, dear, you are standing
right on Ben johnson. James, my son,
don't stradle over Macaulcy in that
heather fashion. Mr.. Jones, you ought
to be ashamed to step on poor Charles
Dickens. Mercy on me, here am walk.
ing across Dryden" and the miserable
woman sat square down on a bench
above the bones of the first Archbishop
of Canterbury, and gave up trying to be
even halfway respectful in a minister
whose every passing stone is slab GOV
ering somebody who once made thu
world wonder or tremble.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1878-09-26
A Mutual Surprise.

Danbury NeWs
"A Danbury grocery firm have taken the
agency for hammock. One of the ar
ticles they have hung at the front in the
shade of their porch. They hung it
there as an advertisement, bat numerous
people have got into it to see how it
worked. 1t hung so low they could cas-.
lily sit in it, and undoubtedly the motion
was agreeable and comfortable. But tn.
grocers didn't fancy this performance,
especially as the hammeck-sitters were
not hammock buyers. Saturday after
noon they removed the loop on one end
from the hook, and fastened it by a bit
OF twine instead. Shortly after man
came in for two quarts of molasses. It
was put up in his pail, and paper tied
over the top as he had forgotten to bring
a cover. When he passed out he saw the
hammock. His curiosity was aroused at
once. The. .grocers were busy inside, so
he thought he would investi gate on his
own hook. With that keen intuition pe-
cullar to New England man, he saw at
a glance that it was something to get in
10. He knew that it was nothing to wear
and was equally sure it could not be ar
ranged for cooking. He sat down in
it. Then he swung backward and lifted
his feet up. Then the twine fastening
gave away. Itwas dr. adful affair. He
had the pail of moslasses sitting on his
lap, and there was dog sitting uRder
the hammock. Neither the dog nor the
molasses expected any thing any more
than the man himself did. 1t was
a terrible surprise to them. The man
and the dog lost their presence Of mind
and even the pall lost its head The
molasscs went into bis lap, and ran down
his legs, and smashed up under his vest,
and insinuated itself some way in between
himself and his clothes. And when he
went down he hit the dog with his heel
on the back, and the dog was so wild
with terror and amazement that it sent
up head splitting yell and fed madly
down the street, having first taken the
precaution to bite him in the leg, and to
tip over tier of wooden water pals.
When the pals went down lot Of hoes
we're carried over with them, and that
started box of garden seeds mounted on
a box, and they in turn brought away a
pile of peck measures whose summit was
crowned with pyramid of canned to-
matoes. It was dreadful shock to the
man, and nearly paralyzed him with its
magnitude; but when one Article follow
ing another came avalanching atop OF
him, ne thought the evil one himself had
burst loose, and he just screamed as louu
as he could. The molasses was all over
him, and the garden seeds had adhered
to the molasses, and he looked more like
huge gingerbread stuck full of cara.
ways than anything else. In this awful
condition he wadd!ed home, and swore
every step OF the way.