The New York herald., 1878-02-08

his Parthian against the Italian government and
nothing more Every one SHOWS In iact, and the
cardinals themselves fully OF it, that the
Ministers OF the King OF Italy Will leave entire liberty
to The cardinal electors IL is especially
political principles, In the law of guarantees aud In
The direct tnteres: OF the Italian government ise,
that ths confirmation OF this Assurance is 10 be found
Question the leading men oil all partiesCrispi Sella,
Mngnett, Bonghi, vsconti venosta Carroll Nico,era
and Depretis-und you VIII receive IRON them all the
same answer Absolute liberty icitio he cardinals,
be conducted as formerly, with this d,fror-
ence, that the election instead OF taxing
Now the Vatican The seat OF the couolavcs
until the end OF the last century, and there Is nothing
graduate the future Pope IL remains 10 DO secn what
viii bc the attitude OF those Ambassadors rather
oil their governments.
There are only ave Austrian cardinals who all be-
long TO the Moderates that is 10 say 10 Toe party
Wiling to COMPROMISE at least SO It may DO inferred
from tue attitude OF the Court Of Vienna which viii
give them the mot dosdre. The influence of Austria
their number and their being opposed 10 ,hs
Of sentiment which Is Observable among tho Roman
cardinals.
Belgium has only one vole, but 1t is influential. 1t
is that Of Mgr Dsscnamps, VINO Tor SPECIAL reasons
viii AL mis- efforts 10 elect pope will be
much as possible aotagonistc 10 Germany. Mgr
Deschamps, IN mis- country. where grcat numbers of
tho Catholic clergy OF Germany have taken refuge has
suffered and still suffers from the prosecutions oi NJ
DO bismarck HIS Resistance. therefore, TO German
influence At the ConcIavc aggravated by personal
question.
FRANCE.
The French cardinals arc for the most part moro
patriotic Than blinuIy submissive to the Court OF
Rome and, like most other FrencLmcn, they always
nave present 10 the chances OF possible
future revenge against Germany. 1t s TINS feeling
which viii direct their votes and which Will serve the
seeks 70 be Gu tho best terms possible. The most
zoalous OF the French prelates will therefore sacrce
their religious prejudices TO this patriotic sentiment
Their votes may be securely counted upon by the
moderates
SPAIN.
IN ra raad
tho election Of an ultra pope, VINO would aii DO
Carst IN bis synipathies. IL would not be indsposed
however, to welcome the election OF Cardinal FraIch
who AN lsabelst Whatever may be The wishes OF tho
Spanish governments IN that respect u has TO take into
account Inc feeling OF the Spanish clergy, who far
from Doing as Alionsst as the Kings Minister'S
Everything therefore, leads to tho conclusion
tour spanish votes Will not lean 10 the side Of modera
tion.'
PoRrUaAL.
Portugal has not the least influence She possesses
besides, only single votc and there has always been
great coldncss between the Portuguese clergy
Vatican
ENGLAND AND THE UNITED sTArKs.
As to the Two English and the one American Card-
are TOO constitutional IN their ideas and habits
render their absolute political abslenon religious
question Of this KIND desirable.
CEREMONIAL or ENTRANCE
On the morning the tenth day after tho death Of
the Pope each cardinal IN bis robes, the conclavist
priest IA his simar and black silk cloak, the
clavist chamberlain In his dress coat and black silk
mantle, anu the conclavist valet bearing the violet
coored umbrella present themselves at the door OF ST.
Peter's, where the cardinals exchange the maquette
or the cope they then enter the church. where tney
offer their prayers before the great altar During
tho book OF prayers reci.ed In the Conclave Is
brought to them. When all tue cardinals assem-
Dsd the last appointed Of the masters ot ceremony
takes the Papa and the chorsters OF S,xne
Chapel sing The ''vcni Creator" The moment they
commence the Cardinals rise ana range themselves
Two by Two, IN which order, surrounded by soldiers
and the guard OF uobles they cnter the Vatican In
procession, the Cross leading The way. The corlege
ascends the royal staircase aud hats at the Pauline
Chapel where the eldest cardinal delivers short SER
mon aud receives the oath OF each member OF the
AuGr - tn
his Cell.
THE THREE PEALs OF THE BELL
The entrance Of the cardinals their cells has,
as has bosn seen, taken place 70 Tho afternoon OF
the tenth day after the death Of the Pope As
Ms they are installed and after removing helr Insignia
and rohes, OF which they keep only the soutane
and berreta, the cardinals receive the visits o tho
bishops, Of the Roman and foreign mobility, of the
diplomatic corps and OF such othcr persons It may
suit them These reoeptsons last until bali
past one in the morning. At That hour the last APP
pointed OF the masters of ceremony rings bell and
invites the visitors 70 retire. At TWO O'Clock the hell
peals out second warning Finally at three O'Clock,
obey. Tho cardinals now left unasturDod 10 COM
mehcc the election
The reader Is now In full possession OF what occurs
from the last moments Of the Pope to the opening OF
the Conclave. He also knows what 10 lixely to occur
M ali closed AID s Us ssc
what Is passing behind them The reader will feo In
terestsd IN observing the conduct OF the cardinals
themselves and In wnat mahnor the election takes
place.
GOVERNOR OF ooNcLAvE.
1t II upon Tho Camerlingo or High Chamberlain
that devovcs the direction OF the Concave. He makes
It's police; he Is nightly bound to explore every corner,
the most remote that nothlug may escape bis
vigilance He mus always DO prepared for the poss-
bty that certain of the cardinals may take advantage
Of the darkness OF the night to hold council toae lher
II has frequently happened that they been
prised eeIng Tor the cells OF their colleagues, with
the precautions that experience nus suggested have
proved Intellectual o prevent At times tner getting TO-
gether
The first night oil the Concave the footmen, sweepers
and workmen kneel upon cruchx ana take oath upon
the Evangeists before three cardinals specially named
for lhe purpose that they Will never divuee what
takes place In tho Concavs Tho conclavsts, the
fessors the physicians aud evory snort who Is
not cardinal takes the same oath in the Pauline
Chapel
The eight turning boxes which sorve rs means Of
commun caton with the outside subjected 10
strict watch. They only made OF certain
hours. The cardinals asked ior by visitors only
present themselves ut three OF these openings, fixed
upon for the purpose The secretary Of the sacred
College has one specially set apart lor bm. He
receive ambas adors at all hours Thc visitor com
peod TO speak loud, In order that ali present may
hear him. The superintendepts forward all leitors
which tho cardinals may have To send outside They
read them nrst. then seal them They break open tho
seals oil all letters that come from without aud make
themselves acqua ntcd with the contents, matter
for whom they may DC Intended.
CARDINALS BEHIND TIME.
The cardinal electors who present themselves after
the opening oi the Copcavc are received win ccremo
NAL beset with the most minute precautions. These
commence outside the Vatican and II would be tedious
to detail them.
Ihe dinner Of the Conciavo takes place at twelve
O'Clock wuh great poinp. Formerly tho ordinary
could not exceed single dish Now the regime Is
limited. The cardinals who have their Iood sent to
them from outside only receive II after careful
the object OF which is ascertain II The
poultry or other articles conceal written cotnmunca
tions.
GENERAL RUINS OF ELECTION.
II would appear from the history Of the conclaves,
Or FATHER from what IS known OF them that there IL
nothing absolutely exclusive the rules which govern
the elect ions Of Inc popes Established the arst
place by Gregory A., they wore modhed, suspended
aud transformed by several pontills, aud nothing at
the present time prevent Plus TX from entirely
renewing Them II he u mind ~ do 70, although Ger
many has manifested her Intention, Vi modIh-
catiou, declare null ana vou the next election,
Two rules only have been invariably oDserved-
Ftrst--fhas the Pope cannot nmsoii choose his
ccss0r.
Second-That all proceedings intended TO influence
the OF the uturc Pope forbidden while
actual Pope 10 still living.
IN una mt tha nh m mbarn nf car inala vna