davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23

trine. which. alone, Is susceptible
Of giving us the clue 10 the phe-
nomena Of vegetation, and rcacung
usefullv upon agricultural practice.
If the nitrogen OF the air a
contribute to vegetable nutrition,
i It to be said that we are not TO
trouble ourselves ;bout supplying
nitrogen TO our crops, and that with
regard to this clement we find our
selves in the same state OF security
and weakness as with the first three
that occupied our attention: Doubt
less no. Practice on a large scale
has proved the utility Of nitrogen
ous manures, and | have myself
proved that the yield of the cereals
is considerably increased by the IN
PRODUCTION of heterogeneous material
into the soil.
OF all the substances | have
tried. the nitrates have always
Given the best results, when | have
0perated on a small scale, and when
the quantity of nitrogen supplied
to the crops was inferior to that
which the WELD should have con-
tanned. On the large scale, NJ.
Kuhlmann has obtained similar re-
suits. But at the experimental
farm at Nincennes | have observed
no difference between the employ
ment of nitrates and of ammonia
ted salts. This is due, doubtless,
to the manures | had recourse to,
and which | intended for several
successive years, having been sup
piled in very large quantities, and
that the plants, always finding IN
tbe soil an excess of assimilable
nitrogen, prospered as we'll in one
case as in the other.
Therefore, | do not hesitate to
say that | place the nltrates IN the
first rank among nltrogenous mat
tiers useful to vegetation. Next
come ammoniacal salts, and, a long
a after them, organic nitrogen
Gus matters, which, to act usefully,
must be previously converted into
n~itrates or ammonical salts.
All that we have said concerning
nitrogen may be summed up in the
following conclusions, the agrlcul-
tural Importance of which cannot
be questioned.
/. Generally speaking, the nitro
gen of the air enters into the nu.
triton of plants.
2. In connection with certain
crops, especially vegetables, thiS
Intervention is sufficient, and the
agriculturist has no occasion to IN
troduce nitrogen into the soil.
3. With regard to the cereals
and particularly during their earl,
growth, atmospheric nitrogen ]
insufficient, and to obtain album
dant crops it is necessary to ado
heterogeneous matters to the soil
Those which best fulfil this objec
are nitrates ard ammoniacal salts
Titles Sir Lectures on 4grtcul
tire.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23
% trials. 200 17.3 2}S 6

AS the average cash price of fer
tilizer in Georgia is s43. 20 per ton,
the g bushels increase over the
unmanured plots Vas produced at
a cost of 3O4 lbs. of fertilizer, or
g. cents a bushel ; while the ex-
treme variation is $2.1S and 2444
cents a bushel.
We CLEAN from these tables the
proportions of grain and fodder as
below
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23
The Farmer and the Tar.

llc oil IuCi aIQ Illt Ia
The following brief cN,r.r. FIR.
the speech Of Hon. FcrumaoW
delivered n Congress on IA.
gives a very PLAIN relation uE
burdens imposed upon the t.ea
by the present tariff laws .E
United States. Mr.. Wood s.
1.-The farmer whose who'd. n.
is bent ON his agricultural n.....
has neither the time nor o#I. .
nifty to investigate the IH'a.
the tariff tax on his households. .
penses; 1t is a fact, however. ..
every article he uses is c.e.e
rectly or indirectly subject 81.
tariff tax. or is enhanced 5F
tariff. Let lis |cuuulgate t
burdens. The farmers house
the West, where lumber rs Stars.
pays either IA direct or ea.H
tax OF 20 per cent. on ta.tE..
his house Is bu.it Of; ataEa II
per cent. on the paint III is E....
with; Of 90 per cent. on his N.a.
glass; Of 81 per cent. on Ill. na
of 53 per cent. on the screws.
per cent. on the door locks, So.
to 40 per cent. on the h5u-s.
per cent. on the wall papers
from 90 to 20 per cent. GEL his .
pet; of 40 per cent. Oh his eg#
cry; of 3S per cent. ON his
hollow ware; 80 per cent 81.
cutlery; 40 per cent. on DIS
ware: Of from 80 to - per s.a..
the linen he uses IN his housed.
of 81 per cent. on the commaa
tile soap he uses; IS per De#.
starch. When hc goes la..
stable, barn or work shop
find that he pays 81 per c.a..
the iron he uses; 80 per oH.
the halter chains: - per e"a..
the files and rasps he may u-
per cent. on the bach.1". aa
per cent. on CrosS-cut saw, al
cent. on the hand-saw, and
cent. on any sheet-lron he 49,"
quire. On his medicines .e
20 per cent. On the qu.a.."
he swallows, % per cent. a-
blue pills 40 per cent, and
cent. on any medical preI-
The female portion Of IBIS
cannot cannot even 90 In.o .s
without paying a tax Of copper
on assafntida that may ae Fe.
to quiet their excited nerves
his sugar he pays IA ta1 "
90 per cent. A. for cloth.
and his family uses. .at '.
meratc the tax separately.
wool hat he pays from '' 80.
cent; on his fur hat, from
per cent; on his -ult o-
clothes some - per cent.
leather for his boots ana
per cent: on his hosiery,
cent: on his wifc's and d..-
common alpaca dress Ae
% per cent; on hls l'o.
90 per cent: and Oh tie
30 per cent. If ! were .-
pursue these topics t..
would take up too much '.....
flee it to say that the iuga
his child's cradle and t.e
which he is finally buried.
direct tax or are enhance
by our tariff system.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23
Georgia Farming.

The State agricultural organlza-
ton Of Georgia is the most COM
plete State " tenn with which we
are acquainted, and Is IN charge OF
! most able and efficient commits
sioner. Although we differ, occ
sionally, from the methods thought
desirable for accomplishing certain
results. vet we gladly recognize the
fitness of Mr.. James for his place,
and the much Of value that he IN
~itiates. In his ..Results of the Soil
Test OF Fertilizers for the year
1877. etc: also Analyses of Fertll-
izers sold In Georgia III 1871 ETC..
we find details of much interest for
collation. and study. although we
do not think that such "A cumbrous
system of trials can furnish much
practical information suited for
general application.
On page 81, We find a series OF
trials which furnish an excellent
illustration of the fallacies which
are to be met with under this sys-
tenn, always provided each mans
experiment is to be interpreted for
its value as a guide to his own
practice. In this trial there were
seven plots without fertilizer. One
of these plots yielded APP lbs. of
seed cotton, another $50, while the
average for the seven was $40 lbs.
The average produce of seed cotton
obtained from the plots fertilized
with 200 lbs, of eight different
brands of fertilizer was Lilo lbs,
the extreme, being 1,O17 lbs, and
1916 lbs. In three other cases,
when double the quantity was APP
piled, the yield was SIS lbs, and
1,047 lbs.
We offer the results in another
! form
J Least ,ns Greatest ate Average ISr
Plots without fer. 442 $50 $40
Plots with 20Olbs f 1.0l7 1,2l6 lll9
Increase......"..-. 81 80 2S
Plot 100 pounds Peruvian guano---.. sG7
Increase of first ! 0 pounds euanO over
III nanured plot (decreaSe) .......... SO
Increase per cent. 10 lbs. guano......... 2O
Least. Greatest. Average.
lbs. lbs, lbs.
Plots with 200 pounds
compost ........ 500 8j 500
Plots with 400 pounds
cOmpOSt......... $50 lbs l.0b2
Increase of 200 lbs.
com. over unmr'ed ;3
Increase per extra
200 lbs. compost. l53
We think it would puzzle the
%proverbial Philadelphia lawyer to
strain much information from this
table, which would serve him as a
guide for practice.
The tables Of corn yield are very
curious. We do not, at our dis
lance, attempt to analyze them
but the table shows that there is
something wrong about the farm
ing, probably in the matter of seed
and cultivation. Here it is:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23

We thus see that the Southern
term, fodder, does not correspond
to the Northern, or New England
use OF the term, but relates, rather,
to a portion of the plant gathered
for forage-the leaves, perhaps
than to the whole plant other than
the ear.
We find in this pamphlet a table
of 125 analyses of brands of fertil-
izers sold in Georgia during the
season. The averages are repre-
sented in the following table:
PHosPHoRIc ACID.
Moist'r. Insoluble. Solu. Reduced. Am. Pot.
12.64 80 66l 40 p Is
Average commerce. value calculated at s3t.1s
lash price per $40
lime price per 3T
Cotton option e2.l3
We note some peculiarities here,
which deserve attention. The av-
erage composition Of the ammoni-
ated fertilizers, so-called, is but
2.13 per cent. Of ammonia, while
those fertilizers not thus named
contain nearly as much. When
the Southerner pays on time, in
stead of cash, he is borrowing
money at the rate of about 90 per
cent. a year, as he pays *12.27
more a ton than when purchased
at cash, and the time may be
calculated at about 6 months
When he pays In cotton, he is OBJ
tanning 10 cents a pound for his
produce, and not the 144 cents
hat appears in the face of the con-
| tract. Scientific Farmer.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23

IL the crops contain such guam
titles OF nitrogen Of which the soil
can render no account, we must
look to the atmosphere as It's origin.
Ihe ar contains 70 per 100 of ele-
mentary nitrogen; nothing appears
more rational than to find there the
origin sought. But chemists, ac-
lstomed to see nitrogen gas offer
Il great resistance to combination.
have at first refused to it all inter
ventlon in the phenomena of vege-
tatlon. 10 restore it to the place
which this preconcelved opinion,
or one founded upon incomplete
evidence, had caused it to lose. it
was necessary to have recourse to
extremely delicate experiments
which it is impossible to describe
in this place.
| shall, therefore, content myself
with refuting, by arguments de-
rived from extensive cultivation, all
origins which the adversaries of
the absorption of gaseous nitrogen
are compelled to put forth, refer
ring to my works and to my lee
lures at the Museum, those among
you who desire to know the direct
proofs of this absorption.
Priestley and Ingenhouz believed
in the assimilation Of the elemen-
tary nitrogen of the atmosphere.
Theodore de Saussure having prov
eG the existence of ammonia IN the
air, attributed to this compound
the faculty of supplying nitrogen
to vegetables. Ammonia does, in
fact exist in the atmosphere, but
tie quantity is SO small (22 gram
mes in l million kilogrammes,)
that it is evidently absurd to en-
deavor to make it play S % important
a part.
The objection has also taken an
other form. 1t is urged that air
contains ammonia. Rain water
dissolyes it, condenses it, and con-
veys it to the plant, which thus
finds it in the soil. If, in the place
of contenting themselves with this
vague assertion, they had thought
to give it precision by measuring
the ammonia in the rain water, and
ascertaining the quantity of this
water received per acre, they woule
have found 10y this way that thu
soil receives, as a maximum, abou
three pounds of nitrogen per an
mum. But to explain the vegeta
ton of lucern we must account TO
1872 pounds of nitrogen. The am
monia in rain water is then onl,
infinitely small in relation to tn
phenomenon under consideration
Ammonia failing, wa
had to nitric acid, which is forme'
in the atmosphere by the direc
combination of oxygen and nitrogel
under the influence of electric dis
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-23

Exclusive Culture.
Exclusive Culture,
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
Rail Road Commissioner.

Gov. Smith sent into the Senate last
Thursday the name of Gen. j. NJ.
Rusk for Railroad Commissioner. He
was not long in discovering however n,
that be had made a serious blunder.
If he has first taken pains to advise
with his political friends IN the matter,
he would readily have discovered, what
became disagreeably apparent after
wards, that it was an unfortunate sell
ection. This we say with all due re-
spect for Gen. Rusk, who claims that
he was not candidate, and was wholly
surprised when he received the news
at Washington Of the Governor
action. 1t is surmised by some that
the Governor had in mind the next i :.
S. Senatorship, and bestowed the APP
pointment, with reference to its sup
posed influences in that behalf, more
thar for its acknowledged fitness, merit
or popularity. But the Governor % st
emphatically dlsclaims anything Of this
kind. Be this as it may, the appoint
ment met with SO much opposition that
it was manifest to Gen. RUsk that the
Senate would not confirm it, and at his
request his name was yesterday with
drawn. All is 10 doubt as to whom
the appointment will fall to next.
Several names are mentioned, among
them James Bintlff, of GAINESVILLE,
John E. Eldred, of Milwaukee, Fred
w. Horn, of Ozaukee, and b. +.
Woodman, of Baraboo. But some
other person is quite as likely to be the
lucky man as either Of the above. The
Governor will probably satisfy himself
before making another nomination that
it will meet with the concurrence of
the Senate; at least he should do SO.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
The Board Of Street Commissioners
AS Regulators Of The City Debt.

After incubating for several days,
the Board Of Street mmssioners has
finally hatched "a bill to authorize and
enable the City of WATERFOWL to lew
tax to compromise it's rail road indebt
edness,' the passage of which is asked
al the hands of the legislature. TIE
bill is MISSIONER. Its title should be
changed SO as to read IAN act TO ena-
bic the City of Watertown to repudate
its rail road Indebtedness, for that is
"hst II amounts to, as any one can see
by reading it5 provisions. 1t is not in
pursuance OF the plan adopted at
meeting OF citizens last fall, and is
wholly mpracticable. A compliance
with It's requirements is simply i'm
possible. and we presume that net a
single member of the Board expects
to see item met The bill is printed
elsew here and to it reference is made
tor particulars Its first demand is
that every holder Of bonds, coupons
and Judgments shall register the same
with the city clerk, aud file with that
officer an agreement to accept his pro
rata OF the sum which it is proposed
10 pay In liquidation of the entire debt
Not one cent, however, is to be raised
until every bond. coupon or judgment
is rl US registered, or satisfactory proof
furnished Of Tie loss of such as are
claimed to not be in existence. The
youngest child in Watertown will
never attain sufficient age to see the
accomplishment of this, simply because
1t is not possible that every bond and
coupon can be accounted for in the
manner proposed The fact Of incor
porating in the bill such provision
shows clearly its deceptive character,
and proves that it is not designed to
accomplish the purpose claimed for it.
1t the orlgiuators OF this scheme were
sincere. they would not embarrass it
with any dead weight, red tape re-
quiz ernents, nor demand the perform
ance of impossibiitics. Another OBJ
Jectonable feature of the bill is that it
proposes to raise $4,000 each year for
two years, by taxation. to settle the
debt. This sum in addition to the
regular current expenses of the city
| would make an exorhitant one, which
Is net within the capacity of the peo-
pie to pay. But the latter proposition
need not be considered SO long as the
first remains, in as much as the couu-
Gil would never be called upon to levy
the tax. People can now see the
hypocrisy of Mr.. Finn aud others who
last fall pretended to favor Il settlement
of the debt, and pledged themselves to
certain plan, which is entirely DIFF
ferent from the one they now bring
forward. But it served the purpose
Mr.. Finn undoubte Oily had in view,
in furthering his chances for re-elect-
ion to the Assembly, and his we pre-
sumo is all that was reall Y intcn led.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
A Greenback Repudlationist.

The Greenback organ, on the west
side, has become the mouthpiece of
the repudiationists of the city debt
The transition was easy enough, aud as
natural as that duck should take to
the water. Its policy, if carried out,
with reference to greenbacks would
lead to reputation of the national
debt. and hence no difficulty was found
in becoming a repudiator on smaller
scale and opposing the payment or
compromise of the bonded indebted
ness of the city. 1t says "the debt is
either just or unjust; if just it should
be paid in full. but as it is known to
be most stupendous swindle, where
fore should we be Liable at all 2" 1t is
needless at this late day to discuss the
matter from moral standpoint, and
agitate the question: as to whether
there was any swiudle relative to the
bonds issued in aid Of rail roads. The
case presents different aspect by rea-
son of numerous decisions by the courts
which affirm the legality of the bonds
They have decreed that the city is
liable. The plain, simple, business
like proposition for US now to consider
Is whether we will compromise the
debt on the best terms possible, or at
least show a willingness in that direc-
ton, or whether we will quietly repose
upon our dignity and do nothing as
suggested by the repudiationists and
their organ. AS general thing, we
believe, people who have pecuniary
interest in the city-the heaviest tax
payers, and the business men-are in
favor of some kind of settlement.
That there has not been a compromise
effected before this is not their fault
The cir efforts have been thwarted by a
lot of mischief making malcontents
who would do nothing themselves TO
wards extricating the city from its
difficulty, nor permit any one else to
labor successfully in that behalf. The
city will finally, in all probability, pay
dearly for the tomfoolery of these men
who have stood in the way OF an ad-
justmen; To the revision of the laws,
the report Of which, in part, has just
been submitted to the legislature, there
is provision which defeats the object
OF all the special laws heretofore pass
ed for our protection, and will compel
if adopted, the collection oftaxes to pay
judgments against the city. So much
for the Union League, and the efforts
Of the rack-brained, visionary crea-
lures who have through that organza-
ton been the means Of bringing this
crisis upon us. With no capacity for
originating any measures for relief
they have contented themselves with
opposing all attempts having that OBJ
ject in view made by others. We pre-
sumo that no idea of the mischief thew
have done will ever penetrate their
thick skulls until they find as they
will sooner or later, how much more
it will cost to settle the debt now than
it would if they had permitted it to be
compromised years ago
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30

The editor Of the Democrat has
wisely concluded that he does not want
the Watertown post for the
same reason, we suppose, that Jack
didn't eat his supper. The present
stringent civil service rules, together
with the declaration of President
Hayes in his inaugural address that
ian officer shall be secure inhis tenure
as long as his personal character re-
mains uutarnished and the performance
of his duties satisfactory" would seem
to preclude the possibility of the DEM
ocrat editors attaining that position
With him, in this instance, discretion
IS the better part Of valor.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
Democracy Defined.
The Chicago Times gives the follow
ing truthful definition of Democracy ::

And Democracyis a word which means
whatsoever any ''feller" who calls him
self Democrat may wish to have it
mean. With Dan Voorhees, and Tom
Hendricks it means the unalienable right
of the American debtor to swindle his
creditors. With Fernando Wood and
Sam Tilden it means directly the contra
nv of this. In New York it has one
meaning; in Pennsylvania another; in
i lie a third; in Texas a fourth; in the
nor Invest fifth meaning In the thirty
eight different commemorative there are
at least forty different, conflicting, and ut
terly irreconcil able sorts, styles, and pat
terms of Democracy"
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
PolOnaise Goods

At zoe, l25c, l5c zoe and
25c. Fine imported goods,
48 inches wide, marked down
from 1925 TO $3.50. Extra
wide silk and wool mixed re-
dnced from So, to $3.50 less
than cost to import.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30

STANLEY MATTHEWS resolution
declaring the right of the United
States to pay its bonds in silver passed
the senate last Friday by vote of 43
to %. Both senators from this state
voted In favor of it.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
HOSIERY.

~ Y y ! IA I
The hest bargains in this
lire we have ever offered. La
dies Hose Sc, l0c, l25c, and
all prices up to 50. Men,
hose at equally low prices
Large quantities of Handknil
Wool Hose for men, women
and children.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
BASKET CLOTHS.

80 pieces fine all wool
marked down from 75c TO 81 !.
so pieces wool and silk
mixed marked down from 300
TO lSc.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30

In the Kentucky legislature there
are a hundred Democrats who think
that the state cannot afford to buy a
national flag. The consequence is
chat, having no flag since the war.
there is little prospect of the present
generation ever seeing the stars and
stripes float over the Kentucky capt.
tol
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
TT, A E n ET,C

SO pcs. fine Twilled Sea
for 25c, marked down fl
Doc. 100 pieces Striped
Plaid for l5c, marked dc
tlom zoe. Cotton Flani
&c, Toe, 1899 l5c.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30

A BILL to repeal the registry law
has been introduced in the legislature.
1t ought not to pass 4 registry law
IS needed. but there can be no object
ion to such amendments OF the present
one as will make it less expensive,
while not impairing its usefulness A
shorter time than that now allowed for
registry, say two days, would answer
every purpose, and very materially re-
duce the expenses. But we hope the
law will not be repealed.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
PI ACK GIIKc

75c, size, 81, $l,5O up to
an extra fine quality for SIS so
-28 iaches wide, formerly
sold for $3.50.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
CASHMERES

Black and Colored, 25c, soc
4Oc, SOC, up to 1925, $l,5O,
sl,75 for the best qualities
we have ever offered.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
AIPACAS-

Now NAKED at zoe, Csc, :
3755c and 45c, that were SC
earlier in the season for ne
II twice as much.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
DRESS G0OnS

We find ourselves over-
stocked in common Dress
Goods, and have made sweep
ing reductions.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
TIES AND BOWS

Fresh winter Styles for
25c. Soc, 40c. soc, 625c u
$3.50 for something very
giant. Those prices are at
one half what the goods
usually sold for.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
We are Overstocked and Must Reduce,
BRAZILlANT BRILLIANT FAVORITES

ng=FOR BEAUTFYING PERSONS OUR HOMES zs
Adjoining Wonders the World Harmless Easily Applied and ecv
TOlIetine-Impove, enich
antn
Sparkling Brazilian Brilliant beauties
heara
Cocoa-Creanreses andp
Toiletine a
Household ami
Brilliant Gives
heaui
SeIf-Acng
ecl onabe
dealer pamphle, or address,
BRAZILIAN BRILLIANT Co,
Street. Chicago
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1878-01-30
UNDERWEAR

In white, gray and scarlet,
all sizes, qualities and prices.
Ladies' Vests and Drawers
superior quality See. Mems
heavy grey shirts sac.