davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
A STEAMSHIP AFIRE.

PHILADELPHIA, Dec pa fire broke
out TINS morning in the coal buukers of
the steamship Athens, of the Blue line,
Will lying OFF Girard Point ELEVATOR.
The matches were battened down. ihe
apartment flooded with water and the
fumes finally eXtinguished The Athens
was 10 have allied on Saturday for Eu-
rome.
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26

NNANT ED.-Fine shirts to make at So
w dozen, ~ half dozen. In a su-
perior manner for rs cents apiece. goo I
nit guaranteed. Cali ~ 326 East Eighth
street. -WM. MILLER.
d c26-tf
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26

ELECTION.
IL The stockholders of this Institution
are hereby notified that the annual Elec-
tlon for twelve Directors. to serve the en-
suing year, will be held at their Banking
day of January, next, between The hours or
and O'CLOCK, p. IN. By order
w. M BELL, Cashier.
The National Bank of smyrna Decem-
Der 5th, 1878. dec6-Itd-3tW
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26

| have been entirely cured of n sore
throat bv two applications of kelleI's
Roman Liniment. CHAs. T.. MERILAT,
No. ] Truck Co., Wash, d. G.
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
SINKING OF A NORFOLK CANAL
STEA MER

iioRFoLK, Va, Dec. 25--The steamer
Thomas jefferson, Capt Conklng lying
between Norfolk and Elizabeth City, y.
c., via canal, struck suag about fifteen
miles out this morning and sunk.
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
DIR. WEBsPER, Dentist.

Inserts Beautiful Life-like Artificial Teeth
that defy detection III talking or eating for
S5, SS SO and SIS. Impression In the
morning, teeth in the afternoon.
Persons having teeth tney cannot eat
with, can have them made 10 Mt Repair
ing, re m0deltng and JUiHp Extracting
Is cents, with Gas % Cents. All work guar
anteed as represented No ch ,rse for ex-
tracing when teeth are ordered.
The Bearer 0fthtS Adu. WW be dlioWed a
reduction Of FtUe per ce I. from 6A.
DIX. WEpST FIR, Dentist, 5z5 PINE ST.
Philad'a. ~ REM EMBER TIE EX
ACT NUMBER. aug29 W
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
Fl. r. o,

EUREKA RED OIL, Us FORTY degrees
higher FIRE test than the lac reYltres), can be
burned In any LAMP where the chimney
burner is used Is UarTdated not 10 eIptOtie
under forfeiture OF ~luO, ~ Exclusive
country rights for sale by - FIrZG Err
AID. Sole Prop q Manurr, 1903 4 los N .
Fourth ST., Philad'a. Also. wholesale
dealer In head light, coal oil and burning
fluid. N. B.-A large assortment Of ldtiesi
styles OF Cham eliers, Brackets, Bronze
Lamps. Burners, &C., constantly on hand.
aug2g- w6m'
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
fl,HE ARTIzA sAvlN BA,R

509 MARK EFT STREET,
lHcokpoRATkD JANUARY al, 1851.
Open To receive deposits daily from A
N. until 4 r. l., and on Tuesday and Sat
urdRv evenings from 7 u 3 o'clock.
HEAl-ANNUAL DIVIDEND,
regularly made IN April and October.
When dividends are not Withdrawn they
re accounted as deposits. Thus permanent
depositA compound their interest twlee In
each year. -
MANAGERS.
Glenn ent lnyth, George ". Bush,
Nathsn,l X. Benson, NJ. l.. Liche.stein,
Henry +. Dure, Edward Darlington
W. Hastings, Job h. jackson,
Edward Pusey, WIN. IL. Hwit.
Anthony Higgins.
GEO. W. BUSH, President.
GKo. y. CAPkLLE, Vice President.
febei E. r. TAYLOR. Treasurer
EIRsT NATlONAL bANk
II OF WlIAINGTON.
REPOSITORY OF THB PUBLIC AoFRYs
AND
FINANCIAL AGENTS OF THE I'm
TED STATES.
EDWARD BETS, PRAsIDEkT.
GEO. ID. ARMSTRONG, CAsHIEE
Paid up Capital. 100000
Philadelphia and New York Exchange fur,
nished 10 regular Depo4itOrs without charge
Discount days, Mondays and Thursdays
- ~ " DIRECTORS.
ClemsI. q. smyth, George W. buah.
Henry 8. McOomb, Sam u bancroft, Jr
Daniel James, William Tatnall,
Edward Belts m
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
NO. sos MARK EFT STREET
WILMINGTON, DRL.

WILMIHGToB, DRL.
Particular attention paid 10 repairing In
al itA branches also, changing spectacle
gasses. Has good assortm ent of glasses
constantly on hand.
The public Is cordially invited 10 call and
exami ine M stock and earn my prices
leIO-n
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26

NJ OTICE.-The annual meeting OF the
IN Farmers Mutual Fire insurance Com
pany of Mill Creek Hundred, will be held
at the Mermaid, on the first Monday of
the year, January 9th, 1879, at i2 O'Clock, m.
AQUILLA Derrick SON. Prest.
t, l.. j. BALDWIN, Sec'y. dec16-Hws
The daily gazette., 1878-12-26
- Isl all!!s!IVA3l| !!!!' g!!.!!3,|!ll
Boston 90 Cen|
Variety Store, |

there to select what seemeth good in n
sight for pressnIs for your brothers n
sisters, aunts and uncles, parents
great great grand parents, and chidra
childrens shildien. even unto the ls,h
18th generations. TIE largest and ind
variety OF useful articles ever offered
the people of Wilmington. Dolls ord
TO w cents, tea sets 25 TO % cents, Alphaf
and building blocks with maps, card Z
board games for old and you ig, table q
floor croquet, smoking sets, nine pins,
bles, bedsteads and Grad ,es, trunks, stev
XII chen sets, banks, drums, books, Il
and wood work boxes. an1 many oe
useful amusements for children.
Hundreds of presents for adults TOO nun
Gus 10 me tion. Prices are reduced
many articles. Come and look.
No. SOL Market Street.
WILMINGTON, DEL. deif
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21
GRASS LAND.

What a glorious grass country is
this of ours upon the clay lands of
middle and western Carolina. 1t
is the middle of March, and where
the pastures yer not permitted to
be trampled late in the fall, stock
are almost Independent, wanting
or asking for nothing, except a lit
tie salt. The difficulty is to tell
not which suits, but which is best.
Orchard grass is quite knee high
the blades look rich, luxuriant and
full Of nutriment. And no maid
ems cheek to a love-sick swain ever
looked more beautiful than does
the clover this morning to the far
mer with hungry cattle. We have
seen it stated that orchard grass
seed never spread from the field in
which they are sown. Drop a few
seed upon any respectable soil and
watch them for a year or so if
YOU wish to be convinced that this
is not so, at least in this section.
Timothy, springing fresh and tip
ped with the mornings dew, seems
fit food for the fawn, but looks
here as if to the mano BORN
Herds grass is deepening its roots
and sending up spears as if it meant
to defy the August sun. Here it
is at home, as is the blue grass,
battling with the broom-sedge and
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21

and cut when it is about tasseled
out. it requires great care IN cur
ing. but If it gets a little musty 1t
does not hurt it much. Cattle and
horses viii eat It's stalk and all, 1t
should be cut and fed with a little
meal. You Will be- surprised at
the amount that can be grown on
an IT
Have . ever tried turning III
green crop for manure. | believe
il i the cheapest way of manurln9
our lands, although t takes time.
Peas make the best crop for turn
inc in. This should be done when
they are IN bloom. Sowed corn
also makes a good crop for green
manuring. In order TO turn these
0 under, the Peas should be
narrowed down the same way you
wish to pillow. For corn and other
tall growing crops. lou must
use a heavy chain on the pillow, one
end fastened to the beam near the
middle, and the other end to the
doubletree. on the off side, leaving
it SO that the slack will come back
to the moldboard of the pillow, us
YOU drive along this chain Will
bend down the stalks and hold
them till the furroW covers them.
Fry this plan Of manurlng and you
will find it will pay. Be sure and
lay off a little flower garden for
the ladies this spring, and get a
few flowers and summer Towering
bulbs such as dahlias, t~uberoses,
gladiOlus. tritOmes &c., and see
how much pleasure they will give
you, as you walk out and admire
their beautiful c%olors, fragrance
and forms. c. b. FAIRCHILD.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21

diminishing in the corners OF the
fence.
Velvet grass, the most beautiful
Of all 10 the eve. Is vieing "a a sod
maker with the orchard grass.
And we would be doing violence
to own feelings Of gratitude
did we moi add our old standby,
the wild onion. "a perfume TO tins
our spring boquet.
We have only 10 aeh why NIL
the great bulk Of those farmers
living upon fans containing thou
sands Of acres continue to crop,
crop, crop, and worry with ours, the
most Independent Of all free labor:
1t takes right smart moral cour-
ace for one Of these men TO change
base-as witness him lodging over
one of those old estates for a crop
"a patch here, a patch there to
avoid the thickets, = the willows
encroaching from the branch the
pines, almost tapping, shade from
the hillside. A year or SO and he
must retreat and skirniish with the
briers on the hills. We do not
advise every farmer to SOW grass
and raise stock. But what a pre-
cious few have done this. We ask
some of those old gentlemen stu
ted as we have described, and who
have not been raised to hoe and
pillow, to try a portion of their cum
bersome estates, their own individ-
ual farms, say, to stock and grass.
Make s~pecialties of them.
n. A. g..
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21

growing richer, that the South !
not growing richer, that their work
i for others. not for themselves,
however hcroicaliy they work. they
cannot be said Il work wisely.
In the beginning of a new crop
year, we hope that this matter will
be considered. and that a deeper
question than that 0 ability to pay
the commission merchant his adj
vances Will engage the con-ldera-
ton Of the planter. !. i. {.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21

and in all. that fencing has become
an item ofappalling cost, and fear
ful inconvenience, and hence the
demand for fence laws.
These fence laws are Improperly
named, since they mean n very
reverse Of what would appear by
their title: their very purpose
being 10 get rid Of fences, rather
than protect them. 1t l. a new
sound. this call for the obliteratlon
of these barriers lately 80 dear 10
the independent farmer. But II i
assuredlv one OF the most cheering
sounds of the times, for it heralds
the first steps towards an improved
husbandrv. 1t contemplates as It's
first regeneratiye victory the I'M
provement of all domestic animals.
1t takes them out Of the hands OF
nature whose persistent aim 1t IS to
restore the domestic animal 10 is
original type, while it Is the effort
Of the intelligent farmer to push 1t
as far away from that as possible.
/ When animals are limited III their
freedom, or rather when they are
made exclusively dependent upon
the care of man. man will be wise
enough to make his trouble protita-
bic. Thus only 50 many animals
will be possessed as a be well
cared for: and only such cared for
as are worth possessing. Thus
stock of all kinds will be improved;
and while undergoing this improve
ment, will make practicable that
permanent improvement OF lands
by accumulation of animal manures
whose value will always surpass
that Of the artificial fertilizers. /i
The fence law will save the fur
ther destruction Of timber. The
wastes of old field IN North Carolina
show to what extent this destruc-
ton has been carried; an extent
that has been the most potent
cause for tie emigration which has
so depleted the wealth and popula-
ton of the State. .1nd tie feHre
law wiU redcem those oLd .fells, by
making it possible to cultivate
them. They owe their existence
to the exhaustion of the timber
needed to enclose them. They
themselves are only in part exhaust
ed: scanned with gullies as many
of them are, or disfigured with
briar patches and sassafras thick
cts, there are many thousand acres
in the State, capable of immediate
and profitable redemption whenever
it is pronounced possible to put
them in cultivation without the
necessity of fencing Many a man
loaded down with proitless acres Of
old field will find himself by the
stroke of the legislative pen REIN
stated in fortune; put in possession
Of large areas ready for the plough
with as little trouble us prairie
land, or in condition to invite i'm
migration, or induce settlement
upon lands worse than useless to
him now: because though idle,
these old fields do not escape the
tax gatherer.
We hope to see the movement,
begun successfully in some coun-
ties, embrace the whole State be-
fore it stops. j. D.. c.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21
~SEASONABLE NOTES.
How to Sow Grain and Grass
Seed.

The plan practiced by many Of
II farmers of marking off lands
with the pillow to guide the sower,
seems to me, to be a waste of time.
The best way is to SOW by poles or
stakes: have two poles from eight
to ten feet long, shMpcned at one
end: these are to be set as guides.
Commence sowing on the longest
straight side of the field. Mark off
three PAGES from the line, as the
starting point and three PAGES
more, and set a pole as a guide for
the return. Sow across the field,
keeping three PAGES from the line
or fence. At the end mark three
PAGES from where you stop, as a
return point ; then three more and
set the other pole from this return
point, SOW back in line with the
first pole from this, three PAGES
for the second start, and then move,
set the pole, SOW back to the second
pole. and SO on, until the field is
finished. If the wind blows, SOW
with arm against the wind, other
wise the grain will come up in
streaks. If the field is rolling or
hilly, SO that you cannot see across
the field from n side to the other,
have a third pole, which should be
set on the highest point of the field,
so that the other two can be seen
from it, and this should be kept in
line with one of the others. For
sowing clover and grass seed, two
or two and a half PAGES will be
enough. 1t is best to harrow the
ground before sowing, otherwise
many of the seeds will be buried
too deep. | harrow once after
sowing the grain, then SOW the
grass seed and harrow again, or use
a brush harrow. | do not think it
best to pillow III grain. | am sur
prised that more Of our farmers do
not use a harrow. | believe that
the cotton lands would be much
better to be narrowed before LISTING
up. Use a double or hinge harrow.
it is much better than an "a"
harrow.
Now Is the time to set your spring
cabbage. Manure in drills, and be
sure and put in a plenty. Set the
plants on the side of the ridge near
the top, SO that when the ridge is
plowed down the ground will be
level. The plants grown in cold
frames are 0 ready for setting.
Make the rows two feet apart, and
set the plants about eighteen inches
in the row, close setting is better
for early cabbage.
We are now marketing the cab
bage set in November, and they are
fine.
Do not forget this year to SOW a
good field Of corn for fodder. 1t
may be sown broadcast or in drills.
1t does better to be sown in drills
two feet apart as then you can give
it a little cultivation: it requires
strong land. Sow it quite thick
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21
TIME TO STOP.

A good deal of surprise, mingled
with a good deal of %reprOach, has
frequently been expressed that the
South, with It's succession of heavy
crops of cotton, and also Of tobacco
and other products of universal de-
mand and almost Of exclusive pro-
duction, is no better off than she
is. The surprise is natural. The
reproach is somewhat unj ust. 1t
might seem that forty million
bales of cotton, the yield Of the last
twelve years would have covered the
whole South with a layer of gold:
would have banished the spectre Of
poverty, and been the mainspringo O
a universal prosperity. SO it M ght
but for many very cogent and over
whelming causes. 1t is n Of the
most striking instances Of indoml-
table resolution, that the culture
Of cotton on a large scale was I'M
dertaken again after the war. The
negro was freed, the system of
labor destroyed, the very planta-
tons destroyed, implements broken
up, stock swept off, and owners
ruined.
In the face of all these discour-
agements, these owners betook
themselves to the work of recupera-
ton. They grappled first with the
labor problem, by far the most
formidable from the fact, hat
that laborer, the former slave, had
become a more potent political fac
tor than his former master. lie
was now the ruler who was once the
subject. 1t vas no easy matter to
make HIM who made Governors
and members of Congress. and
might himself aspire to be n or
the other. submit to that discipline
needed for the production Of that
crop which had once been cultivated
with almost military regularity.
1t was difficult to curb his ideas Of
compensation within the reasonable
limit Of wages or a fair share Of
the crop, when his political tutors
taught him he was the rightful
owner Of all. But this trouble was
surmounted in time.
But another trouble, the planter
never has yet entirely subdued.
The original curse OF debt
laid upon him still weighs him
down. Not necessarily, but il has
begotten habits hard TO shake of.
He began by going in debt for his
provisions, and FOR his fertilizers.
He has kept it up and viii be under
compulSlon to do so, until such
time as he makes his own proyis-
ions, c~urtails in the use Of his fer
filters, and pursues such a course
Of economy as will bring his IN
come and outgo into somewhat
parallel lines. 1t is hard to blame
men who have done so heroically
under such circumstances. But
SO long as We find that they are not
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21
PENCE LAWS.


Thu habits Of a people, however
inveterately fixed, must CONFORM
to circumstances, and adapt them
selves to the surroundings upon
which the inevitable law of change
is continually fixing It's impress.
I'm the onward march OF society,
there is a constant tendency to put
away ole things and to take up
new: to regard the conyeniences OF
one age as the burdens of the next,
and to shape its forward movements
by the guides which experience has
set up or when necessity has made
imperatiye. I'm truth. III civilized
life, nothing is absolutely or perma-
nently stable, because civilization,
itself is too progressive to be con-
tent with its acquisitions or with
its achievements. Its demand is
always for something new, some
thing better, something more con-
formable to sound sense. This
demand, it is true, often comes IN
conflict with stubborn habits, the
growth of generations; those habits
clinging tenaciously to that large
class who, by Il fortunate dispense
ton, seem to have been created eN-
pressly to act as Il brake upon the
impatient movements of the more
progressive, and to preserve that
steady and uniform motion without
which progress itself would speed to
its ruin.
We presume there is 10 habit
among IL people more deeply
rooted among IL people than that
which recognizes the use of fences
as a prime necessity. Reasonably
enough, too, in a new country,
where timber was abundant and
when labor was cheap, and where
the first lessons Of economy and
convenience pointed to the woods
as the great storehouse from which
the food that nourished the domes-
tic animals was mainly to be
drawn. We can hardly blame OH
ancestry for a practice which saved
them trouble at a cost apparently
only of labor. From a modern
point of view their system was
wasteful, costly and inconvenient.
That it did not appear so to them
is proved by the t~enaclty with
which their descendants cling to
hereditary teachings.
In the persistence in old habit
there is something of that pride of
property, something of that exclu-
siveness of possession on which Is
the characteristic of the Anglo Sax
on. 1t is proud emotion, that of
being able to say to a fellow man, or
to a neighbor, thus far shalt thon
come and no farther; all within is
mine" The Briton, long ago sue
cumbing to the necessity which
made fences impossible, refused to
surrender his surly independence
of isolation and surrounded his
fields with hedgerows; more beauti-
full, but far more costly than
fences. The Frenchman, social in
all things, threw open his posses
sions, with no division but the
checkered hues of varied crops
and no protection but what the
customs of the country assured tc
him. Both in England and France,
the pressure of increasing popula.
ton and the demand Of all availa.
bic land for tillage centuries age
destroyed the forests, and fixed the
habits of the two peoples in regard
to enclosures. In this countr,
there has been no restriction ap
parently needed until suddenly til,
fact is presented that the supply Q
OF fencing timber is nearly exhaust
ed, in others much diminished
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21

This paper is printed at 10 7. y
every Wednesday. Price q, N az
vance. 1t is the Official Mouth-plec"
of the Department of Agriculture; In
migration and Statistics Gov. H. %.
Vance. Chairman Col. L. j.. POLK,
Commissioner. Monthly reports are
furnished by two or more correspond
4nts from every county in North Caro-
lima giving all items of interest.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21

r Mrs. Cornelia Phillips Spencer,
Prof. G.. b. Fairchild, DIR. ID. r. Salmon,
and others whose names are withheld,
for the present, have also kindly en-
Gagged to contribute for our columns.
sE Address,
FARMER M MECHANIC,
Raleigh, y. G.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-03-21
RANDOLPH ABBOTT SHOT WELL
EDITOR.

joins ID. CAMERON,
W. T.. KERR, Cootr;1ofu.1
A. Il. LEDOUX, E,jtors.
e. b. benson,
NAT. A. GREGORY,
DIR. G. ID. RICE, General Agent.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1878-02-26
Gaines High school Troubles.

The particulars concerning the difficult
ties OF the pupils Of the Gaines High School
and Mr.. Clark have already been published
Yesterday evening the matter was exam
ined into by the Trustees, who adopted the
following:
Resolved, That after hearing the testi-
mony upon the charge of Miss Hubbard,
the conclusions of the Trustees are as fol-
lows:
II. That there is no testimony showing
that the Principal of the School has been
guilty of any improper conduct.
SO. That the testimony shows that the
charges are in part sustained as to Miss
Clark but as she acted in moment of ex-
citement the apology made Immediately
afterward was a sufficient atonement there
for.
''3. That the action of the Principal in
suspending Miss Hubbard is sustained.
Resolved, That the Chairman be in
structed to reprimand those pupils who
signed the resolutions published in the
Commercial for their ungentlemanly and
unmanly conduct"
In addition, the young gentlemen who
had signed the paper censuring the Princi-
pal for his conduct were reprimanded.