davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Morning herald., 1878-05-30

AMERICA is doing more and more every
day toward the work of feeding tie world
The reports of our Consul at Havre show
q asteadily increasing demand for American
provisions in France, and two steamers,
which have been fitted up with refrigers-
ting chambers, have taken to that country
in the last six months half million
pcunds of fresh meat.
The Morning herald., 1878-05-30
THE HERALD
rne 1orainx Herald

is published every morning, sundays
eacepted,. AMI delivered in the city of
Wilmington and surrounding places for six
cents per week, payable to the carriers.
Nail subscriptions. postage free, three
d Stiars per annum.
Gre, OBYRNE q Co., Publishers,
No. 500 Shipley Street.
Wilmington. Del.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Tax Assessing

We publish TO-DAY q suggestion ny
"Tax Payer" to bis fellow-tsx-payers:
relatire to the mode of giving In"
property to the assessor, in order 10
establish uniformity Of valuation ana
to avoid excessive taxation.
We doubt very much that the plan
will work satisfactorily, for several
reasons: First-It appears TO he I'M
possible for one to ascertain the
amount his or her property would
bring ut cash sale without the test
~ actual experiment. Second-Prop'
erty rarely brings it, real value, when
offered for sale for cash. unless times
are flush. When offered for sale by
the sheriff. property Is generally ap-
praised at what the appraisers think
it is worth, bu: has u be sold ut two.
thirds the appraisement, If no more is
offered; and when money 10 scarce it
is very rarely the case that those who
have money will bid what they con-
sider the full value of the property,
because they buy with tiew to spec.
ulation. Third-Uniformity Of valu-
alton " ould be impossible. under This
plan, because the estinsste would be
guess-work entirely, and one man
would guess his property would sell
for three dollars per acre. while per.
haps acother would guess bis. Of pre-
cisely the same value, would cell for
five or six dollars, and would have to
paw about twice as much as The other
on property of eqnal value.
However, We believe this was the
plan pursued by the Board Of Asses
sors under the old law. Still, there
was uniformity of valuation in their
appruisements. because they classified
the property and gave each the value
Of all in its class.
We believe that the old plan of as
sessing. by Boards Of Assessors was
the wisest, most equitable, and should
have been the most satisfactory OF
any plan that could be adopted.
Our idea il that every man should
value his property at just what he
would be willing TO take for it 10
cash. provided be was anxious to sell.
and what be thinks any person de-
sirous of purchasing for use would be
willing to pay; for nan can not
conscientiously swear every time that
his property is only worth what ii
will bring at q forced cash sale. In
fact, We do not remember ever to have
seen piece Of property bring what
We considered its full value at such q
sale.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS
Sherifs Sale.

James lmLoden ! State ofLos,i.iana,
No. ilo VS.. ) Parish OF Richlant
Amanda l.. Miller. liih District Court
By v.rue Of = writ Of ii. ia. Issued from
the Honl. 18th Di-,ric, Court, in and for the
PARISH Of RichIand, State Of Louisiana. IL.
the above entitled and numbered SUIT and 10
me directed. have seized and will offer for
.ale AT the door of the court house in the
town of Rayville, said parish of Richand,
on Saturday,
The LIST day Of June, 1878.
al public auction, To the last and highest bid.
der, the following described property situated
in the Parish Of RichlsDd, to-wit:
The north west quarter OF section six, and
the north half of the south west quarter Of
section six, township eighteen north rsrge
ten east, containing two hundred and forty
acres OF land, together with all the buildings
and Improvements thereon.
Terms Of .ale--Cssh, with the benefit Of
apprsisen'ent.
J. A. LIDD ELL, Sheriff.
Sheriffs Office.
Rayvile, La. April %, lS7S-6t.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

during the fall and winter? Are our
Democratic servants less competent
to provide ways and means for this,
than our Radical oppressors? All
who bold the obligations If the State
know when and how they are paid,
and they purchase these obligations
with full knowledge Of the fact, ut
their own risk. BIT suppose it is
necessary to meet State Obligations
now, were there no other means but
that of collecting taAes now. when
our representatives should have known
and 90 know that the farmers have
no money. l say they did and do
know this. or are wi!fully ignorant.
Is it that We have to pay taxes now
to pay the patriotic Represent aiives
their small per diem7 Aud why are
Parish taxes collected now? TO re-
deem any If the large amount OF Par
ISL paper that is afoat. or to buy it
up at discount aud place it to the
credit Of the Parish? ! pause for n
reply. Are our lands to be sold un-
der the official hammer that our Dem.
ocratic rulers may grow rich like their
illustrious predecessors? Oppression
is oppression to me, come from whence
it may. If this be the only refOrma'
ton our rulers are capable of making.
| move that We, fellOw-citizens, reform
reform. Can l get second!
await for il. +. H. NELSON.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Estray Notice.

WHEBRIksAs On .., ,ss 's sa, sI' es of A ps
white .po, in the forehead, about two years old,
was duIy estrayed before me by J. F. Wynn
The owner Of which is unknown. Now,
therefore. unless the owner shall appear and
prove property and pay charges according 10
law, will proceed. on
Saturday, the 25th day Of Nay, 1878,
to sell said estrsy, a, my office, to the hiehes,
b,ad-r for cash, a, not less than TWO thirds the
appraised value;
Rayvilie, April 20, IS1s--St
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

10 declining further controversy,
through our colemns, on The subject
Of universal salvation, We should
perbsps have state d more explicitly
our reasons for 80 doing. We pub.
hsh our paper for our readers, aud
must try 10 get such reading matter
il our columns as best suits the tastes
VI aimajority Of them at least, and we
bad every reason to believe that q
majority, II not all, Of them disap.
proved Of . continuation Of the dis.
rusiou. Next. It was beginning to
tske up too much Of our space.
10 justice to Rev. Mr.. McClendon
W. should perhaps say that, in oul
opinion, ke fully vindicates himself o.
,6e charge Of garbIiug quotations from
the Bible, and answers fully and sat
isfhetorily. perhaps. every argument
sdduesd BY Mr.. Nelson. He seems
to fally understand and approve o
our course 10 declining any further
discussion, which il very gratifying te
US, for We did net wish TO offend any
one 10 tho matter. and especially
highly esteemed friend and neighbor
We ere also agreed 10 the opinion
that the whole matter. 50 tsr ~ 'hii
discussion is eoocerned, does mol
amount to row Of pins 10 iutriusis
worth ard Importance.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Notice to Tax Payers.
OFFICE W TAX ASSESSOR,

pFfNE w IAN tbtkb8oBs
RAyviLLx. La. April 5, 1878
Taa payers Of the Parish Of Richland are
hereby notified iha' will he n the following
named places ~ the time specified below.
and shall make assessment Of sll personal
properly. and q revision Of the m1 roll Of
1877 for the purpose Of indicating he changes
IN ownership Of real propeny and dednefinx
therefron the value Of al properly lost or
DESTROYED ~ well ns n add oil incse1Sed val.
ne resulting from new Improvements. etc.
Alto Ward, No 4, May 9th, 7th and 8sh.
Holdine.s' School house, Ward No. 6, May
9th. 10Th and !Ih
Girard, Ward No. ,. May 18th, liiA aud
18th
Rayvillr, Ward No. ., Msy 18th, l7,h and
18th
Delhi Ward No. /, May 2O,h, 2IH and
22nd.
IN McCnwans school house, Ward No.
., May % - and %
Red Mouth, Ward No. 5. May 9Th, 2s,h
ard 2ath.
J. J. Thornason's precinct, Wsrd No. 2,
May 80. 81. and 1nn- is,.
For convenience I will Be 1t RsyviIle
again june 9Th. 9Th and 7,h.
The last day Of my stay ss each place the
books for registration will be open.
All persons wishing tn register will have
the opportunity. All property owners srs
urgently requested to meet me se - 70 enable
me to make correct assessment
Jonx A. HrHLxR.
Tax Assessor Richland Parish.
Rayvlle, La April 6, 1885,
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
TO Tax Payers.

For the Beacon.
FELLOW CITIZENS OF RICuLAND
PARIsH:-No doubt, like myself, you
were ut loss TO account for the nee.
essity of an extra term Of the Legis-
lature, since there was and is ample
time allowed under the so-called Con-
stitution in which TO transact all nee
essary business connected with the
affairs Of government. You, in COM
mon with myself, saw how our SER
wants frittered away the legal hours.
days aud weeks in resisting the re.
duction Of their exhorbitant per diem
and mileage. II 1 recollect Alright,
these gentlemen, who do Us the honor
Of representing US 10 the halls of
government. were elected. chosen. Sc
lected by US for that position, alike
honorable and lucrative, under the
banner cry of Reform. You. in CON-
mon with myself, understand reform
to mean amendment; and in this case
amendment from what? From the
gross misrepresentation We endured
aud were enduring under Radical rule
and the oneruus taxes they levied
upon US as people.
Have these men, whom we elected
to tighten the load under which we
were grooming thfuliy discharged
their trust! TIE record shows what
they have done beyond the peradven.
turs Of q doubt. Under the old
regime, while the taxes were burtben-
some. they at least were collected
during that portion Of the year when
there was a probability that We could
pay item; bow is it now! / bold in
my hand q notice il I do not pay my
taxes within twenty days from the
date thereof my paoperty will be
seized and sold unless payment is
made; and for which norice I am
charged IS cents-and 1t cost but
one.
Fellow.citizens, I am sncb . fool
as to believe it is an officers duty to
discharge the duties Of bis Office.
The Tax Collector is paid such per
cent upon the taxes collected; this per
cent constitutes the psy-emoluments
OF bis Office. and this only. unless 10
case of delinquency. Has there been
any delinquency here! Moths ia
the FIRST breath ! have beard Of tax
collection. And here is $500 per cent
profit on the cost Of the article. Out
OF me. individually. it amounts to very
little. but out Of you-every one oil
us-it makes a very pretty sum. Did
Know the exact number who pay
taxes, the gross amount could be and
would be stated. This number il
unknown to me; yet l venture to as.
sert, 1t will and does amount to enough
to furnish the collector 10 whisky the
year round-whether be takes it by
the glass or pail-full, at one or 10
crowds. Bot whence comes the nee.
essity Of tax-collectien uowl IL i,
necessary to pay the interest On the
State debt? How was this paid here.
tvforc, when the taxes were collected
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
SHERIFF'S SALE.

Henry Gerson, Jr State Of Louisiana,
vs No. AT Parish Of Rlcnland,
I.crkin lamar la,h Di,,ric, Court
By virtue Of writ of Fl. IA, issued from
the Honorable lAth District Cour, IN and for
the Parish Of Richland, State Of Louisiana. in
the above entitled and numbered SUIT, and
TO me directed, have seized and will ofier
for sale at the door Of the Cour House, in 'he
town OF Rayville, said parish Of R'chlnnd,
at public auction 70 the last and highest bidder,
on
Saturday, the 18Th day Of Nay, 1878.
the following described pcPrry, situated in
the Pari.h of RicLlsnd, to-wit
The north west quarter Of section five in
township seventeen. north Of range SIX east,
containing one hundred and sixty acres more
or less together with all the buildings and
Improvements thereon.
Seized Ms the property Of Larkin lamar,
defendant. and will DC sold TO pay SAID debts.
interest and all costs.
Terms Of sale cash with the benefit Of ap~
praisement
JA LIDDELI., Sheriff.
Sheriff Ohce. Rayviie, La,
Apri. l3ih, 1873. st
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

A pious resident on Brady street.
who has been much interested in the
cremation system. Yesterday said to
bis wife: MY dear, wish you to
remember that when the Lord calls
the to my reward. I desire to be Gre
mated, if suitable furnace is access
ible." Yes, love-" replied bis spouse.
but when the Lord calls you | think
be will provide for your burning" y
Davenport Gazette.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
SnCrif's sale.

Orr Il liiid>ify Stat" Of Louisiana,
No. Ais. Pa.i>. of Rrhsnd,
B.R McLcmore. }ll,h Di,,ric, Cour,.
BY virtue Of n WI, of Il. ia, issued UPON
n twelve months bond from the Honl lIrh
District Conrt. in and FOR the parish Of Rich,
land, State nf Louisiana, in the above entitled
and numbered suit and to me directed | have
seized and will ufrr for sale AT the door of
the court house III ,bc Town oi Ravvilie, said
parish Vi Richland, ii, public anciion, To the
last and highest bidder, on Saturday.
The 18th Day Of Nay. 1878,
the following dr.crib.d property, to-wii:
Onr certain lot of land situated IN the town
of Delhi, three hundred and n:nciy-six feet
fronting the road, running west three hun
bred and thirty feet. thence north thTee hun
dred and nineiy-six feet, in The north west
quarter Of the north east quarter of section
thirteen, township seventeen north, range
buildings and Improvements thereon or APP
purienancrs thereto belonging, bounded south
by Davis, west by Mills and north by Green
lee.
Seized as the property Of B. K. McLemore
defendant, and will be sold TO pay said debt,
interest and all costs.
Terms nf ,aic-Cash. without the benefit O,
appraisenent.
J. A LIDDELL, Sheriff
Sheriff. Office. RayviiIe, La,
ApriI 9th iS1S-6t
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
For the Beacon.
Taxes.

EDITOR BEACON II notice in the
BEACON appointments oe places to as
sess the current taxes, State and Par.
isb, by The assessor. The important
fact for Taxpayers to consider
(cspecislly in these hard times) is the
uppraisement Of their lands. Cnan.
unity is essential. Hence. | thought
it not amiss to state through your
columns few facts. Before doing so,
it NAV he well to remark that tax
PAYERS give in" their taxes under
oath. and it is but just that the cash
valuation be really correct-not what
you would be willing to take, for you
may not desire to sell-but what
would the property bring at a cash
sale? If this be the correct idea OF
assessment, then it is quite easy to he
reached, for such sales have actually
transpired this year in the Parish, to
OF known of all men.
Ten dollars per acre for improved
lands is an enormous valuation. COM
pared With actual sales. l do not be-
lieve there is a place in the parish, If
offered for cash, would bring one-third
of the above valuation. |. for one,
am in favor of relief from heavy tax
alton. If the legislature has not seen
its way clear TO grsut relief. lc' Us
seek relief for ourselves through any
legitimate channel which may present
itself
The people yet await the ful6llment
of very sincere promises Of reform
and retrenchmen,." TAXPAYER.
HERMITAGE. April l2, 1878.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

The Bastrop Clarion calls East Car.
roll THE great Radical stronghold"
and names. j Harvey Brigham, a.
the coming Congressman for ibis Dis
trict 1t is no fault Of ours that our
parish is so highly colored /; neither do
we regret that it Is so, because there
is change coming over the spirit OF
the eolored dream even. and the fu-
ture will most assuredly bring to the
front such "deservedIy popular" men
as Judge Wheeler, whom our cores
pondent "Nous Verons" "a dyed-in-
the Wool Democracy spoke so highly
of two weeks agO.-CarrOH COnserr-
dtire.
We believe Senator Wheeler to be
a worthy gentleman. with many of
the necessary qualifications Of q states
Dan. aud Republican who would
not disgrace his State or District 10
any position in which bis constituents
might place bin /; but We don't want
10 send him to Congress. because his
services are needed in our State Leg.
isla,ure. and We would be glad 20 see
him returned to that body from his
district TO the State Senate. although
we differ in politics. Still, We believe
he would stand good chance of be-
ing elected to represent this District
in Congress If be were q candidate.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

You cant plant cats too early. nor
is it possible to get too many in q bill.
You may not raise anything else that
season where the cat is planted, but
10 the meantime the cat will not have
raised anything either. and that is
where the enormous profit comes 10.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

There was a tremendous rainfall in
the neis hborhood of Lake, Miss. Ga
Tuesday, which carried away bridge
between Hickory and Newton station
on the v;cksburg and MERIDIAN rail-
road.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

Seventy.two per cent of the chill.
dren Of Germany, according to a re-
cent census ordered by the Prussian
government. have blonde hair ; 1897
per cent blue eyes 243l brown eyes.
Germany is therefore the place for
admirers Of the blonde style of beauty.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

A cyclone passed over a section OF
country near Rome, Ga, this week,
doing great damage TO houses. fences
and stock aud ipjuring several per-
sons.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

Gov. Nichols has signed the death
warrants of Isaiah Evans, Sabine
parish, and Porter Brown. of Tangi-
paboa parish. The parties were con-
vic,ed of murder. The executions
will take place on May 10th.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Siuger Sewing Machi1e.

TI1Hr rUBLIC ARE NOTIFIED THAT
Il a regular authorized agency. foe sac Il
me "WOELD RENOWNED SINGER" ~
ccntinu-' 81 Monroe. La. Parties in s~srch
of This S.an.iasd Machine will please address
r,'ber of the md. r.iSnr.i, At Hills RoOL Store,
Monroe. La. VI J. E. Behen 10 no longer
agent for the "Snyrr" This popular Ms
chime can only be furnished through this
Agency. J +. B-brns PRINTED circular and
he sign al the ,t"or of .'E,hens Ssriax Ma.
t"'ns Enporinn'.' is only designed To- use the
popularity Of the Singer TO aid HIM IN the
sale ct other machines. Bchrns cir-ulsr.
stating, We keep oenstnnily % Aasd che
singer Machine" is a TRicx Ia draw custom.
"' he cannot get Nrr Singer from the Com.
parry al any price. TO keep On sale At his
"EmJ,or,pm."
Address either Hamilton ~ Macy, care OF
Hills BOOK Store, Monroe. La.
}. ID. HAMILTON.
A. Il. MACY.
March 25,h. 1879. 3D-2m.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

Gould's Manufacturing Company.
Of Seneca. n. Y. has resumed specie
payment. and is paying its hands of
in gold.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

A Washington dispatch Of the cath
says:
Reports from the West show that q
storm which originated in the Black
Hills has reached the Wabash line.
Reports indicate heavy loss Of life
and property from the Rocky Noun
iains eastward.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

Poker prevails again in Provi.
dence.-Cdrrou Conservative.
Nice place to invite fellow to, for
the purpose of reforming. whose lead.
ing vice. are drinking and gambling"
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

One end of the Be,laire Goblet
works at Wheeling West Va. was
blown down during q terrific wind.
rain and hail storm, which visited
,het city; on Wednesday. Two per-
SONS killed and several wounded.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

The American bark Bengal. Cap
tain Lorinq, arrived at New Orleans
Tuesday night with four colored SAL
lors in irons. charged with mu,iDy,
aud the prosecution made clear
case against them.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

VIM. Orion. President Of the Wes-
tern Union Telegraph Company. died
in New York. on Monday morning, OF
apoplexy.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

The Erie Railroad was sold this
week, in New York. to Ex-Governor
Ed. Morgan, for Sc, 100000.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

Sportsmen are having a gay time
10 New Orleans over the Spring races.
that have been 10 full blast there al
this week.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
The LIST day of June, 1878,

within the hours prescribed by law, at public
auction. to the last aud highest bidder, the FOL-
lowing described properly. to-wit:
The south east quarter of south west quar-
ter north east quarter Of south west quarter,
section FIVE, township sixteen north, range
six east, containing eighty acres Of land more
o. less, together with all The buildings and
improvements thereon.
Terms Of ssle-cash, without the benefit OF
apprai.ement. ,
Sheriff 8 Office.
RayviIle, La, Apr 81, ls7S.-6t. }
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Notice, School Board.

The members Of the School Board s,e %.
qnes,ed 20 meet =, Rayvilc, on Saturday. IN.
o0,h day of April, for the transaction Of In.
por,au, business. Lc; everyone be sure "A a..
'e''d WITHOUT a''i =. IL. ToLER. ~
fT-sidcnt Bcar6s
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Saturday, the 18th day of Nay, 1878
SHERIFF'S SALE.

G. W. Collins State Of Louisiana,
No SO VS. Parish Of Rrhand,
A. B. Alexander \I4th District Court.
By vlrtne Of writ of Fl. IA, issued f'om
the Honorable llth District Court in and
for the parish OF Richland, state Of Louisiana,
in the above entitled and numbered snit, and
to me directed, | have seized and will offer
for sale at the door OF the court house in the
town Of RayviIle, said Parish Of Richland,
at public auction, to the last and highest
bidder, on
Saturday, the 18Th day Of May, 1878.
the following described property, to-wh:
The north east quarter OF north east quar-.
ter Of section nine, south west quarter Of
south east quarter south east quarter Of south
east quarter aud Ioi No. one of section four
all in township sixte IN north, range six east,
OH bank Of B9uf river, aud containing in the
aggregate one hundred and sixty.tw0 45-lOO
acres, except about seven acres more or less,
on the south side Of bayou, reserved bv
George w. Eubanks, and Of the south west
corner OF said land.
Seized as the property Of A. 3. Alexande-,
defendant, and will be sold 10 pay said debt,
interest and all costs.
Terms of sae--Cash, with the benefi, of
appraisement.
J. A. LIDDELL, Sheriff.
Sherifss Office. Rayvile, La,
April l3, ls1S-6t
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
A Vienna Telegram Of the

A Vienna Telegram Of the 23rd
says:
Two shots were fred. YESTERDAY. at
the Prince of Thurn aud Taxis. Chief
Equerry TO Emperor Francis Joseph.
By . commercial agent. Both shots
missed the object. The motive for fir.
ing is stated 10 be Q refusal Of the
Prince to assist the agent.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
DEASI PEASI

The undersigned has for sale several bush
els OF SEED PEAS. Of TOO oi The bes, and
mos, prolific varieties Now is tbs time "a
procure your seed, while YOU have On oppo, i.
,nnity. Apply AZ my residence, miles south
Of Rayvile, on the Winnsboro road.
April i3.-3m. E. MCDONALD.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27
Sherif's Sale.

Abe Thomr'on State Of Louisiana
Peter RecouIley. Parish Cour,
DY virtue of writ Of Fl. Fa, issued
ID upon twelve months bond, from
the Honorable Parish Court in and for
the parish of Richlsnd, State Of Louisiana, IN
the above entitled and numbered suit, and to
me directed. | have seized and will offer for
sale at the door of the court house in the town
Of RsyviIle, said parish of Richland, on Sat
urdaX
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1878-04-27

A large number Of banks have re-
sumed specie pay since the pas.
sage Of the silver bill.