New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-02-08
EVENTS ATTER 1873.


EVENTS AFTER 1873.
From that time onward the Pope Las bocn engaged
j., frritl,,s conflict with the spirit Of the acc Ever
since thai colossal struggle and failure OF 1SiS the
pripciples Of dcmocr ICY have made steady ana sub-
stantial progress in every country ot Europe. hnt
~ every stare they have met with the steady oppo-
aition Of the Vatican. The tendency OF the age Is
everywhere more and more siro1oly marked toward
the establishment of the individual conscience "a
Tho highest standard of human dnty and the inyesti-
nations of pure science the only test Of absolute
knowledge Rut Plus *. has never ceased 10 full
inmate against these tendencies. lie has sat, ike
second Canuie fading the advancing wave and
hurled nj the rising tide 81 progress and enghten-
mcnt. bulls, cucyccals and protests Of every kind.
as Il ne really believed IN them. There IS no reason
to think he did not. II i common gossip ia Italy.
that all the Masta-Fcrpett are atheists aud that
vonng Count Giovanni Maria wen; into The
Church as a business Rnt the whole tenor of his
life nradicts this assertion. He believed thor
ourhly in his own divine AM horI'v and consequently
believed thoroughly IN the Catholic dnctTine. his
filth sustained him through succession OF
failures such a. no Pnpiii IN history has had occa-
sin, 10 cypcr.ncr one of hi. fr,t notes Of defiance
AGAINST the hereto world was his Brief restoring the
Catholic hierarchy in Enriaud. soon after came
tbe Concordat with Austria, in which he and the
Imperial ROYAL Court OF Nrana took advantage of
the dead collapse which followed the revolutionary
neriod 20 rivct upou the Austrian Church and people
fine fcttors of crushing absolutisp. I'm spain he
made common cause with the d--olute Queen. and
vnnscd himself and her to general rdicule BY send
iu, her the Golden Ros, reserved flr ovcroirns OF
exemplary virtue. L. France tho Empress has been
his chief relan,, and Ia hcr influence was due many
Of thc unfortunate measures of her husband. which
contributed To- the undermining 90 the dynasty.
The definition Of the DOGMA of the Immaculate Con-
ception was IN exhibition of strength which cost
more than IT was worth md the prodigious display
If force involved IN the Gcnmcncal Council aud III
tbe Declaration OF Infuliphitv i" which II resulted
io, oouocd IL r,Li>m in ia" Church whose conse-
qu,nccs are even yci 10; clearly developed
TUE INCH OCCUPATIONS.
After the re.srn from Gaela the Pope enjoyed
period Of comparative tranquility or several years
The Austrans sept the peace in the Northern
provinces. tine French Sustained the Papary in
Rome with their bayoncts size government IN
ecclesiastical hands was well could well Ice
IMAGINED II is true, but il wad the people more
tbni fin, Court which suffered by H.. Disorir-ed
finances dying Industries, the rule OF privileged
Glasses. stagnaton Of public cducaion-aii THESE
marked the pyicstly administration; hut as II d'd
not Irpose upon popular consent. th" popular dis
content was If little value. Ia 1859 came the
beginning of the end of the Temporal Power
TIE shock of the war between Austrla. Piedmont
and Trance had It's effect upon ;he Papil possessions
In spite Of the efforts al Napoleon and of the young
Francis Joseph it was not possible 10 guarantee the
Italians to their unwilling allegiance. In tis very
cri.i, Of the war the LEGATIONS following the lnspIr-
ing lead Of Tuscany, Parma. and Modcna, rose again.
and ann xed Themselves 10 Sardinia and although
the Pap,d army under Lanurlcicrc made gallant
defense they were utterly defeated and the anucxa
ton ACCOMPLISHED From this time on the relations
of Che P4pacg with the Frcn II Empire became more
and mare difficult. Although almost the sole de-
pndenee of ihc Pope was mon the support and pro-
/ lection Of Napoleon, he never exhibited the least
gratitude for tins, but continually quarrced with
the Emperor about points of ecclesiastical discipline
and civil polic;. After the conclusion of the Con-
ycnfion Of September. 1861, providing for the cessa
ton Of the French occupation the Pope issucd ms
famous Encyclical of thai year, in which h. de
hounced the principles Of the French Revolution and
the very bases of modern society. Ia spite OF all
these Gnarrcls however when the time Of need came
a-ain. il was once more tho arm Of France that
pos, poned tine fall OF the Temporal Powell In an
icip,tion of the close of the French occupation, tho
snppotcr5 Of the Pope began raise IN 1867 the An
bes legion TO succeed TIE roop, of France. Taking
adyautap,. of the excite rpt cngcnlercd by these
events Garballl cane from Caprera Ia rouse the
youth Of Italy for one last struggle for Rome The
Young Italians had never failed him. Whatever
kings or couris might do, the youth of Italy al
W VS. true 10 the hero who best tvpcd its own high
eet aspirations. Once moro that graz d and antiGue
presence was seen in Florence and in Fogno, and
ihc best blood Of the Peninsula gathered about him
again. Rome was ready for him. Its noblcst cti-
zcns secretly prepared lis welcome. He took notime
! for preparation. He was Violently deceived about
| the intentions Of France. He thought he was To
meet only the Papal army He attacked ana defeated
! them Mt Monte Rotondo but AT Meniona, on the 4th
! Of November he met the veterans of France with
their new and improved brecch-lOadcrs. and his raw
and alarmed troops cut 70 pieces. lie Chase
mol q 6ta m0relo--sad Gen. de Failiy, in his dis
patcI. and it seemed indeed to have worked the
miracle of saving the Temporal Power after its time
! had come.
WHO DESTROYED THE pATRIMoNY or ST. PETER.
But this was the last success OF the Papacy. With
in the wear the Concordat was broken to pieces in
Austria and the spiritual emancipation Of thar En-
pre was begun. Tho year after Queen Isabella was
driven out Of SPAIN and the Constituent Cortes of
the revolution established freedom Of worship in the
land of Philip II. But this disaster, terrible il
seemed at the time, was but the prelude 20 the
catastrophe to winch il led The Hohenzollorn can
| didatc furnished pretext 10 the Emperor Napoioon
TO 60 TO war with Prussia and his defeli throw open
the yates Of Rome TO Italy II was the irony OF the
fate Of Plus TX. that his worst nisfortunes came
| from his avowed supporters. IL was not Victor
| Emanuel the Boar OF Piedmont, nor Garibaldi, the
| Lion OF Caprera, nor Mazzin tho incarnation OF
| revolutionary patriotism, that took Rome from him
Il wac the Emperor Of tho French and his bigoted