The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-09-26
THE SITUATION IN EUROPE
The Development. from the Arrangements Of
the Berlin Treaty.

LONDON, Sept. 13.-iTime docs not improve
tho prospect OF affairs In the East, and now that
1t Is too late. tho public are for the first time
beginning to bo enlightened MS to the true char
actcr OF tho difficulties which surround the
question. and to realize the density oftheir own
ignorance in regard to it. They fondly hoped
that tho will OF united Europe, IA expressed by
tho Congress OF Berlin, would so Impose upon
the Mussulman population OF Turkey that all
resistance would collapse. and that military
occupation and civil commissions were to be
carried out in fact us easily as they were on
papor.
The result is that tho English Government
IL alarmed and uneasy. while tho opposition
cannot triumph over them. for II IL now patent
to all impartial observers that II the policy Of
the Cabinet has proved itself weak and ineffoc-
tive. that Of their opponents was positively gro
tcsduc. II was based upon the assumption that
the Government Of the Sultan would have yield
ed eighteen months ago TO the expressed will Of
united Europe had II been properly applied,
and that the population OF European Turkey
would bow to tho authority OF the Sultan. Eu-
ropo has now expressed its WILL the Porte has
yielded. but the population of the country from
ono end TO the other defy Europe. and show
their contempt for the Government Of Constan
tnople by massacreing iohemet All. one Of its
most able Generals and trusted servants. him
self Mohammcdan.
1t il now dawning upon Christendom that.
with the best will in the world. the Porte
has been all along powcrless TO carry out
the reforms which the Christian powers in
sisted upon. and those powers consequently
find themselves saddled with responsibilities in
the name Of religion and humanity which must
involve an indefinite amount OF bloodshed-the
an q
legations under the mask Of hypocrisy and Of
using the Christian name to pcrpetrate the most
unchristian acts OF violence which have charac-
terlzed the present century.
1t is nottoo much TO say that the policy Of the
Berlin Congress was based upon the most
fragrant breach Of international faith and OF
moral right. and the Nemesis OF It's acts must
sooner or later overtake the perpetrators. The
principle that certain group of nations. pro-
tossing n particular form Of religion are to band
together for the purpose OF enforcing their
political views upon any Government which
numbers their co-rcligionists among its sub
iects IL one which. If universally applied
would deluge the world with blood.
The Berlin Congress has in fact. established
the principle that all the Catholic nations In
Europe have right to examine into the condi-
ton OF the Catholic peasantry OF ireland and il
they are not satisfied with the policy OF the Brit.
sh Government. TO partition that island among
themselves. In Austria there are many members
Of the Greek Church. as well n ia Turkey
Russia may certainly claim. under the samo
rule which allows her 70 interfere in favor Of
Greek Christians in Turkey the right 10 inter.
ferc in favor ~ Crock Christians in Austria:
while the Mohammedan populations IN Asia are
as well entitled toa pro;octoratc over the Mussul-
man subjects Of the Czar. as that potentate is
over the Christian subjects of the Sultan. It
suiiices, according 10 the theory ~ these poll
u'ians. forauy ono race or religion 10 feel thcm-
selves morally superiurto any other race or re-
lgion 10 warrant them in appropriating it- tor
rltory. Upon this ground and no other can the
Austrian occupation OF Bosnia be justified. The
unhappy population. who are called insur-
gents" because they arc defending their
hearths and homes against a foreign
army alien in race, religion. and Ian
guagc. arc told that they must thank
fully soc this army chartered upon them. and
bee governed by n foreign potentate. because
they are inferior in civilization and religion.
What do the Bosnans know about the Con-
gross Of Vienna. or tho high moral sense Of Eu-
rope. from the display Of which thcy are now
suffering The first they hear Of Il are the trum-
pet blasts of Il foreign army " occupation and
they lnstinctiycly rush TO arms to defend them
s.lvns Cbrist,ons and N,batrn,oI,na f.r,,,,
,b.ir religioua dirrcr.rc,s In ,ho .,,,,in',,s -
rntriotism and f,bt heartily stIobv si,ie Mia
regular from. ~ tho s,l,,, o,,,r,,,,l a, h,.,.
INK 10 abandon gallant race defending their
own honrihs and homes ignore their instruc-
lions from Coustantinupc to leave them 10
their fate and throw themselves into the
cause. From one cnd Of the invaded provinces
10 the other the flame spreads, and from all
parts ~ Turkey men drcading Il similar desti-
ny flock TO the standard Of the hardy race who
are hearing the hrunt OF the attack. The neigh
boring province Of Albania becomes the seat Of
widely organized movement for defence I'M
der the name OF tho " Grand League of Alba
MIA" The authority Of the Porte is ignored for
practically the Government Of Constantnople
il looked upon IA feeble and trcacherous and
Efforts are being made to replace II with one
which shall represent the spirit Of national re-
sistance and ianaticism. In the imprcgnable
Businesses Of the Rhodope Mountains TO- 900 or
$1,000 men, led by n few foreigners. are holding
the Russia armies NJ bay, while on the frontiers
Of Greece the revolution is on the point of
bursting forth. Whatever happens AT Constan-
tinoplc now. the people OF Turkey have made