New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1878-08-16

resents an Angl0-SaXon plOughmnn IN the Delu AZ
work The Greek plOugbs cited had pair OF wheels
which bore the weight of the plough, but the Anglo
Saxon one had its wheel at the end OF the beam IN
the manner still used.
WHEELS PREFERRED IN ENGLAND.
The English manufacturers still insist upon
Wheels and many of them make only that KIND
Speaking with member of one Of the largesefrms
in England of the practice in the United States OF
making the ploughs without wheels, he replied:
" If you make them without wheels you must work
the harder, and they cannot do good work"
stated that plough had used in Ohio made by
Gibbs, of Canton Ohio had frequently, in plough
ing clover sod, travelled the length Of the field
without anyone touching the handles, and at the
same time doing the work we'll without any wheel.
He smiled family said that if plough would do
that wheel was useless, but evidently could not
bring his mind to believe it. The same mannfac-
turer has in stock and exhibits plough which he
terms the AnglO-AmeTican, made after the fashion
and shape common among us, and the account OF IT'S
introduction into his establishment goes IN TINS
wise. An American firm, Avery q Sons, OF Louis
vile, KY, visited England to make arrangements
for the sale of their plOughs and offered them TO
this firm. The same objections were mace that nave
mentioned above but the Kentuckian did not carry
the war into Africa, which is not exactly the most
promising field hut went TO Southern Russia, where
he sold 1000 under the nOse as one may say or the
agent of the English house. Thus the true Bnton
found il necessary TO make article be despsed 10
supply demand. give the tale rs received 1t.
cannot but regret that the firm 4 Avery d. Sons are
not here with their plOughs, although space was
assigned to them. The absence of the Collins
Plough Company. of New-England, is also to be re-
GREETED.
American plough was as much to its shape and pro-
portions to the absence Of wheel, for the Eng
fish make what they term a swing plough, whon Is
wheelless The American plough is so much shorter
In the mould and share as well as IN the handles,
and really looks so very different that III Is 10 me o
problem how, with such variable shapes, equally
good work can be accomplished. The dynam0meter
ought TO show the other to be better and our
exhibitors here anxious to begin the held tras
The wheel-plough was soon found unsuitable IN
the American colonies for the short turns and ire
uuent throwing out of the ground incident 10
plougbng among stumps ana roots, ana the versa versa
tile American soon cOntTiyed an Implement when
suited his purpose better. SO used did he become
TO IT, that when his fields were clear OF stumps and
cultivation was unimpeded he retained the plOugh
in its wheelleSs condition, and instead of re-
adopting the European wheel to keep bis plough
from penetrating too far into the ground, he
gave his mind to the problem of so proportonlng
the parts and determining the lines that. when the
team properly htched to it, the sole should ride
sQuarely upon the bottom OF che tnrrow the coulter
which he retained for sod, should cut 80 much land
and keep it, and the share should preserve It's depth
of penetration If plough will do oil this without
a wheel 1t is perfect plough. and If II needs q
wheel il is because there IS some tault In ADJUST
ment or proportion. Nearly all the English ploughs
as l have observed have wheels, and the faYOrlte
forms have two wheels of varying Sizes one to
travel in the furrOw and the other on the land OF
the French plOughs, hundreds OF which are here on
exhibition, over 90 per cent have wheel or Wheels
In advance fully three-fOurthS OF them nave TWO
The plOughs from Sweden, Norway ana Denmark,
although on the English model to beam, share
mOuld-bOard, and handles, are destitute of wheels
THE FRENCH MANUFACTURERS DISPLAY.
The French ploughs at the Exposition are in
a very long wooden building along the QuaiDOrsay.
The plougbs it may be fairly said, are of all sizes
except steam ploughs, of almost all the shapes
and for a great variety Of purposes, of extremely
from IN da
signs They are classified into the simple aTaires,
which answers to the wheelless plough or swing
plough of the English the short medium and the
long mOuldbOaTd, the single-wheeled and two un-
equal wheeled pOughs. There are also on exhibi-
ton double mouldOOaTd pOughs for ridging-up land
and tending root crops; special ploughs OF curious
construction for work the vineyard plOughs with
small shares for turning under the stubbe or weeds
in advance Of the main share su0Soil poughs OF
several kinds and hillside ploughs of three yarie-
Ties, the most remarkable OF which IS tho 'Brabant
plough which has two complete mOuldboards and
cOulters, one above and the other below the beam
and either brought into action by the turning OF the
beam on its horizontal axis and locking It IN posi-
ton. The last named plOug las are made by one man
ufacturer in ten sizes, varying from 100 TO no
pounds in weight and are evidently favor
tie implement in France, from the great number
and good quality of the exhibits. and the TACT that
they are manufactured IN many different parts OF
the country. They would not be used with us OK
cept as hillside poughs, though this IS not their
principal purpose here. They allow the furrOW
horse alternately the near and the OH horse, to
return I'm the last made furrow. do not SEQ any
particular advantage IN this, but custom deter
mines and if the farmer desires to turn the plough
over the eud of each furrow, turn his team sharp
around, and return, he can do sO and this we'll
made but heavy implement is adapted to his pnr-
pose There also trenching plOughs for shallow
bitches or for cleaning out burrows IN wet soils
pota1O-dIgging plOughs, gang-pioughs, and ploughs
convertible into single or double mould-board
plOughs into three-tlne cultlyatofs. 80 much
Tor tine kinds.
THE MERITS OF FRENCH PLOUGHs.
AS TO the quality, do not find what should con-
slider superior workmanship. With the exception
of the improved plOughs the model of former cen-
turtles. they are nearly all OF iron, aud except the
former and the =" Brabant," generally light, with
well-pTOportioned frames, but they lack finish. and
It seems to me that they would have to be in uso
some considerable time before they would scOur,
Sucb is the rough condition Of their mOud-bOards
Nearly all theFrench ploughs have wheels, tho two
wheeled predominating. The ploughs for vineyards
have none Usually, but have narrow mould-bOard
and an outside scraper following in the rear of the
main share to level tho earth and return to tho plant
what soil was thrown outward by the action of the
one in advance Almost all the French plOughs have
draught-chains or dranght-rOds, and do not pull by
the clovis on the end OF the beam. observed mo
rolling coulter in the French exhibit, nor any wheel
behind the mOuid-bOard 70 travel on Tue Dotton OF
the furrOw and relieve the friction OF the sole.
This feature though not common Win u.s. Us nOt ul-
known aud is still more common IN England.
French ploughs turn the furrow TO the right.
three STLeejsNone in advance to gauge the depth.
and two in the rear to carry the plough. Another
form of gang that in which two distinct plOughs,
with one handle each, attached by the fore end
OF tho beam TO q twO-wbeeled carriage as an ayans
train" 20 which the team IS hitched The " aVant
train" is used either with two or three horses
strung out i'm -tandem-which is the only mode
/ observed i'm Nor1nandy-tbOugh that is not con-
cnsiVe-Or hitched in pairs. 30 far docs THIS mode
of making ploughs yet prevail IN France that they
are cited ia catalogues as " the old model" or as
having the usual fOrecaIgiage" The ploughs OF
this class are very heavy and clumsy.
BRITISH PLOUdHs WELL MADE.
The English ploughs seem 70 be as well made, in
point of workmanship, as wood and metal will allow.
They are principally of iron, the handsomest spec
mems among them having no wood excepting tho