davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Douglas independent. [volume] (Roseburg, Or.) 187?-1885, 1878-12-28
Decision Reversed.

WASHINGTON, Dec. IJ.-Ihe Secretary Of
the Interior yesterday reversed the decision
of the commissioner of the general land Of
fee in the case of T. H. Yates, agent for the
California and Oregon Railroad Company,
involving the title to tract of land in
Shasta district, California. 1t is held that
pre-emption settlement made prior to the
time that the railroad grant takes effect
does not except the grant from the opera
ton of said grant unless the presumption
claim is perfected by such settler when an
opportunity is afforded Of SO doing. The
change, however. is retrospective and previ-
GUS decisions are to remain undisturbed as
res iudicata
The Douglas independent. [volume] (Roseburg, Or.) 187?-1885, 1878-12-28
Bayard Taylor Dead.

BERLIN, Dec. 19.--Bayard Taylor, minis
ter of the United States, died at o'clock
this afternoon. Fatal symptoms came on
suddenly. He had been out of bed, and
transacted some official business with the
American legation yesterday. His death
vaa neacef1l and painless
The Douglas independent. [volume] (Roseburg, Or.) 187?-1885, 1878-12-28

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1S.--The Secretary of
the Treasury has issued circular to the
collectors of the several ports that they are
authorized to cause an inspection to be
made of cattle proposed to be shipped to
Great Britain, and to give to shippers GER
tifcate that the cattle shipped are free from
disease.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
Killed by Lightning.

Mr.. Darius d. Seitz, of this
county, was killed by lightning
Wednesday evening about 3 o'clock,
April oath, 1873. The particulars
are as follows: The deceased and
Mr.. Able Seitz. Chs father Mr..
Geo. p. Seitz, (his brother Mr. +.
Z. Hawn and Mr.. Julius Huffman,
went to the river tishlng-near
Marshall's ferry, five miles from
Hickory. The two brothers wen5
out on river IN a batteau to take
the hooks from a trawl line, while
the other gentlemen we're several
hundred yards farther up the river
fishing with hook and line. Soon
after the party divided "a thunder
storm arose and several loud peals
of thunder were heard near by and
a few minutes later these gentle
men heard George following and
they hasten down the river ana
found him severely stunned and his
brother dead. The boat was about
middle of the river when the flash
of lightning came. George, (about
Is years old was thrown from the
boat and was so severely stunned
that he sank, and after rising he
was SO near unconscious that he
sank the second time, he arose
again and, this time, succeeded IN
getting hold of the boat which was
near by. He held on to it, and
the heavy wind which was blowing
at the time. drifted them to the
bank about 100 yards below where
they entered the river. When he
recovered enough to get into the
batteau, he found his brother Da-
RUS lying dead-his head and part
of the body across the edge of the
boat in the water, his feet having
caught under the gunnels of the
opposite side, which prevented him
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
NAY 9, 1881

Magnificent Offer! Splendid Chance
for some Enterprising Young Farmer
10 Add a Beautiful Specimen Of
Devon Blood ID Breed to His stock
yard Without the Outlay Of One
Penny!
The Publishers &C the FARMER AND
MECHANIC will present a fine, healthy
Devon Calf, raised uron the farm
of a prominent officer of the North
Carolina Agricultural Society, to the
person who shall make up the largest
list of yearly cash subscribers, before
the 10th day of April next. No name
already on our books will be counted
of course but beyond this. the offer Is
open to all. and subscribers may be en-
rolled from any post-oflice In or out OF
the State. Persons entering the lists
for this splendid premium will please
send on their subscriptions as fast as
obtained they viii he properly cred
tied to the sender; and the o the
paper is seer and read. the easier will
be the work of getting up the club.
Address. FARMER NJ MECHANIC.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
ToDacco-Fly, Sheep-D Dogs, &c
RED SHOALS,

RED SHOALS,
STOKES Co., y. c., April 80.
Editor Farmer and Mechanic:
Thinking a few items from old
Stokes would find a place in your
valuable paper, and perhaps be of
interest to some of your readers,
especially the tobacco growers, |
Will state that preparations have
been made for another large crop,
but the prospects are that there
will be an entire failure of plants,
as the fly has already destroyed
more than two-thirds OF the beds,
and are eating away on the others.
If we SOW seed now we can have
plants. as the fly Will not %depredate
upon them after a certain time
but the crop will be late, and con-
~sequently very inferior.
The promise Of al abundant
harvest is the best ever known, as
u esteemed Commissioner of Ag-
riculture would say, we stand more
than waist deep in wheat to-day.
The fruit yield will be the largest
since the year o.. Glover is at
tracing attention as a renovator Of
the soil-old fields are being re-
claimed instead of clearing out the
original forest. Fox hounds"
killed several sheep for a neighbor
yesterday. By all means let us
have-we must have-a no-dog law.
The dog is a curse, not only to the
State, but TO the individual that
keeps one. But, if we wiU cling to
this frontiersman and darkey's
highest privilege. tax them five
dollars for each one kept. Let it
be a misdemeanor for a man to let
his dog go off his premises, pun
ishable with the death of the dog
and fine and Imprisonment of the
owner. Then the next thing would
be a no-fence law. Stokes will 90
for both. Il. p. Nc.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

Let a hole be bored into a maple
tree, and filed with sugar. and
closed, the ascending sap Will dis
solve the sugar. This sugar NAV
be disposed of In the same manner.
as that formed In the trunk: it is
certain however. that it doe. not
prevent the action Of the Juice up
on the starch, and since the mount
Of sugar is now greater. than can
be exhausted bv the leaves. buds
and flowers in the terminating of
young fruit &C., il i excreted from
the leaves and flowers, and when
excreted through the leaves, it is
the substance known as :. honey
dew. Honey i not sccreted as
many suppose. but Is an excretion
Of the excess Of sugar in the tree.
plant, &c. 1t is owing to The want
OF a due proportion, between the
quantity Of azotised and unazotised
substances which are applied to
them as nutriment. We never see
honey dew, except on leaves, or
plants, unless it has fallen from
trees and plants upon straw, grass
&c. We never see the honey dew
on the same leaves after a certain
season IN Spring, after it has leen
washed off by the rains one time.
1t will remain crystalized on the
leaves, and be softened every night
by the dewS until good rain comes,
when it is gone for hal season.
1t is true, there is an insect found
ALWAYS where this disease of the
tree makes its appearance, but if
you will closely examine the tender
stems you will find the larvae in
process of its growth, just as You
would the Larvae of the fly in de-
caying animal matter.
We have made this article much
longer than we intended, but not
yet SO long as it would have been,
had We entered into minute details
of the formation of the sap, and
the many wonderful changes,
wrought in natures laboratory by
the circulation of the juices and
plants.
Yours &C.,
ID, =. MEACHAM.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
Road Making.

The following article. though
written for a Western paper (RUruR
world contains much of interest
to Il readers
Nv hatever the material OF which
country roads are made. unless !
thorough drainage Of the supcrtiu-
Gus matter Is provided, the road
must necessarily he "a failure. To
this end the road must be well gTa-
ded over the swells of land, and the
hollows alike; this we do by means
OF machines made for the purpose,
and which leaves the roadway per
feet, as 10 1T grade, and the bitches
regular as to their slope and depth.
At every low place the water Is ar
RED away By lateral bitches, longer
or shorter. as the nature of the case
may require. Thus the roadway i,
always dry except during rainy
weather, and upon the subsistence of
rains, the road again quickly dries
and becomes solid unless from gross
carelessness on the part Of the road
overseers, il is allowed 10 get into
d%lsrepair. These road-beds and
bitches may be made with a proper
machine of u width of from twenty
to twenty-slx feet, rs 10 the grades
and as high as desired sixteen inches
ut the centre being the usual height,
with bitches at the sides, and seven
foot Wlda nfNI of a cost ran Dln
from ten to forty cents per rod,
according to the nature of the soil
and the cost of labor. Repairs on
such roads are cheaplv and easily
made, and are good and sufficient
for country travel IN ordinary sea-
sons at any time.
When q road like this becomes
worm solid, if gravel is to he ob
tanned, the earth bottom makes a
most perfect foundation, for six
inches of clean gravel laid SIX feet
wide will then make a pleasant SIM
gle track for travel under ordinary
circumstances, or when rains are
not continually falling, or the frost
is not leaving the soil. If ruts form,
and these will do SO to a great ex-
tent, we fill again with gravel. Thus
at a light expense, comparatively,
the road may be kept IN thorough
repair. In all this, however, We
repeat, drainage is the absolute es-
sential to success, and therefore the
first thing to be looked after: the
bitches must be ample to carry off
the water readily, and the grade OF
the road must be continuous over
nil and valley alike. If the gravel
is to be used the grade will only be
enough to cast the water TO the
bitches fairly, If, however, there
be no gravel near, the grade must be
higher, since it is we'll known that
our prairie soils make solid road
ways when dry. The solution
would seem simple:-Put the road
bed. at such grade as will make 1t
dry. and use the means necessary
from time to time to keep the grade
correct.
In practice ii has been found bet
ter to make the grade of the road
sixteen feet wide, on each side OF
the track next to the bitches. These
bitches should commence at moth
ing next this bernie, or narrow
space, and gradually slope away tc
the depth of eighteen or more inch
es as desired, and rise towards The
fences at the slope of one to the
surface of the ground; the ditohe4
to be from sever to nine feet wide
at the top. Thus all difficulty Q
washing next to the rcad-bed IS Oh
, Waited"
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09


Durham Ioborc' rum La9'
Wednesday night week vt! ~
structlye cyclone passed Over 'le
plantation Of AioerI au5h"" o1
flaI river; anu III II"
more than thirty wards wide. but
DESTROYED everything IN its track.
II struck the house of 10. Walker.
Who lived on Vaughan,s plantation,
and completely demolished it. Mr..
Walker was terribly mangled. and
no hopes are entertained Of his re-
coyerv. The children were all IN
jured, more or less, though none -
them mortally wounded. lhs cy-
clone did not leave a tree OF amy
size in It's track.
Tho \i,o+vsylS O. GDor4iou
ohnan;clos birtb If coIored ma
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
- j

~AgArn.A NaY

AN#FAs hAs a.
senator John Aoru~y dsesl here
tbs evening. After 80 severe
selapse> ia FLORIDA. WHITTIER h.
went for h. health IN The early
wlnteT, IL returned - New
lorA : MONTH az and passed
on = Troy. lie hsd alwayS aad
that &c desired - de IN she old
Troy homestead. lie had = relapse
there. Int ID wa~ not = severe one.
and the middle III Last ~ecs ~
vent - Saratoga lis friends
though, that he sss much better.
AMI the Senator w4s preparing "a
- - Albany aa4 tAAc h}, ~r&i IA
lie State Senate. But Oh s>nnslA.
49,. about nuoa. he wa - ed ~Gth
paralysis. winch alf,vte-i hs left
,4de ana rendered. hmm speeches
au4 almost hlud. Fsom tn. he
made lttlc pru-ry,s towards r.xos
erl. on Mouda. lie ~as able 10
FL up FOR I lttle time. gainln. the
u>e somewhat II III limbs aud his
sight. but la, chances were At no
time regarded a Al al. hopeful. lie
himself seemed II comprehend that
h. had httle chance Tor life. I'm
4 hse-do!iAr horse III i thousand
dollar pool, IL SAID Ola the even
lng Of that day. Tn Tuesday he
rallied a little at times. and then
sank away AGAIN. growing weakel
and weaker all the time. II Was
with difficulty that he could speak
or breathe, yet hc Managed IL gasp
= am running a mex and neck
race with death and am rapidly tar
ing.
lis splendid physique, however,
kept him ~. and some thought
that he might pull through. but
to-day even TINS hope was abandon
Cd. His pulse had grown 50 very
weak and his breathing was attend
ed with - much difficulty that II
was plain 10 Be >ecn that his end
vas near. lie was propped mp III
i char this afternoon and. bright
enlng mp amazingly, put on his
spectacles and read for IA few min
utes IA daily newspaper. At .
O'Clock, however, Mr.. Morrls-es
began to sink very rapidly. Fa-
ther John McMonemv was sum
moncd and remained with the dy-
ing Senator until the last. lie ad-
mInistered the last rites Of the
Church. \ large knot Of friends
surrounded linn. Gradually he
grew weaker. lie sat in his char.
facing the east window. Mrs. MOI
rlssey sat holding bt, left hand. AZ
30 be relap~ed INTO unconscious
ness and ten minute, aftcrwarI,
without a struggle and seemingly
without pain. he ceased 10 breathe.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
HelmbOld (Buchu Insane
Again.

At Fifty-fourth street and Fifth
avenue. an hour before daybreak.
on the lst Of MAY. officer Abram
Phillips. Of the Fifty-first street
police, met a well-drc,-ed man IN a
shiny hat, screaming and shouting
incoherently, and rambling about
without any apparent purpose. The
man stopped when the officer asked
him who lie was. and said that c
was Or. Henry I. lIclmbold. Of
15G West Fourteenth street, and
then he began to shout and strup-
gle out Of the officers grasp. BuI
after stopping aud starting MANY
times. the Doctor Wa partly pulled
and partly urged along to the po-
lice station. Some time WAS taken
to get his name at the sergeant :
desk, and then he was thrust into
a cell. TIN. Infatuated him, and
he ripped his clothing into strips
and crushed his hat into 4 sliapcless
mass. Then he found a hydrant
at the side Of the cell. and crawl
ing under the -pout he turned Oh
the water until he vas drcnchcd
and the cell WI. flooded. For two
hours he was III the cell. After he
was discovered - be inju:1ng him
self. handouts were clasped on his
wrists and he was tightly bound
upon a stretchcr. The police sur
gcon va. not III the station in the
two hours. Meanwhile the Ger
geant sent to Bellevue Hospital for
al ambulance, and Ambulance
Surgeon Quackenbush, after exam
ming DR.. iIelmbold and pronoun-
eng his disease 70 0e acute mania,
took him to the hospital. By the
time he va. taken to a cell there
be had torn his clothes nearly of.
He acted 20 violently there that il
Wa necessary - put him into a
-traight-jackeL-A. j. Times.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

from falling entirely INTO the uver.
" hen examined by DrS- Flowers
and Moore, il was found that he
was struck about tile centre Of the
left side 81 the head. > spot - HAIR
being burned Of 81 that place. Il
Wa also observed that there wa- 4
scar or streak that run down the
body-pa>>lng behind the ear
Neither the skin nor bones Wcre
broken on any part Of the body -
Piedm0Hf Pres.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
Experimental.
For the Furmer and Mechanic.
The Origin Of Honey-Dew,
TonjiDUpd

"
Continued.
We now come to notice the Pc
culiar process of vegetation in all
perennial plants, such as shrubs,
fruit and forest trees, after the
complete maturity Of their fruit.
The stem of the annual plant, at
this period of its growth, becomes
woody, and the leaves change Ill
color. The leaves of trees and
shrubs, on the contrary, remain IN
activity until the commencement
Of winter. The formation Of the
LAYERS of wood progresses. The
wood becomes harder and more
solid !; but after August the leaves
form no more wood,-all the car
bonic acid which the plants now
absorb is employed for the produc-
ton OF nutritiye matter, for the
following spring instead Of woody
fibre, starch is formed, and is diff
fused through every part of the
plant by the autumnal sap. Qlar-
to, in Erdmann and Schweigger,
Seidels Journal N-21r, 1880 Ac-
cording to the observation of NJ.
Hever. the starch thus deposited IN
the body of the tree, can be rccog-
nized in It's known form by the aid
Of a good microscope.
From the starch thus accumula-
ted, sugar and gum are produced
in the succeeding spring, while
from the gum those constituents Of
the leaves and young sprouts which
contain no nitrogen, are, in their
turn, formed. After seeds have
terminated, the quantity of starch
in them is found diminished. The
juice Of the maple tree loses its
sweetness from the loss Of sugar
when its buds, blossoms and leaves
attain their maturity. The branch
Of a willow. which contains much
starch III every part Of its woody
substance, puts forth both leaves
and roots in pure, distilled rain
water; but in proportion as it
grows, the starch disappears, it
E2ing exhausted in tie formation
Of roots and leaves. Upon the
blossoming of sugar cane, like
wise: part of the sugar disappears,
and it has been a~scertained that
the sugar does not accumulate in
the beet-root until after the leaves
are completely formed. (Liebig.)
These well authenticated obser-
EauonS remove every doubt as to
the part which sugar, starch. and
gum, play in the Development OF
plants, and it ceases to be enigmat-
lcal why these three substances
eAercise no influence on the growth
or process of nutrition Of a mdfureo
. plant, when supplied to them a:
lood. The annual plants form anc
collect their future nourishment il
Tie same way DIS perennial they
Store 1t IN their seeds in the form
U vegetable aIbumen, starch an(
gum, which are used BY the germ
-r the formation of their leave
ana hrst radiole fbres. The prope
""fr't'on OF the plants, their in
crease IN size, begins after thes
0rsans are formed. Every germ
"''o every bud of a perennial plan
The engrafted embryo of a he,
INDIVIDUAL, while the nutrimen
accumulated in the stem and root
correspond to the albumen of til
seeds (Leiblg.)
NOW, since starch, gun. and suga
"e s closely allied in chemics
constitution, and occur so often i
O"'ectlon with each other in til
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09
A Rich Old Man and His
Beautiful Bride.

Intelligence MAS received on the
29th OF April. At Lynchburg. Va.
OF the murder. bv hIs wife. Of Capt.
Lucius Trasers. a wealthy gentle
man If Carroll county, "a. aged
- years. Capt. Traser> Ma one
II the best known old gentlemen
III that part Of the State.
The couple were married about
eight months ago. and II was known
that il Was not i love match. In
deed, now, some Of Mrs. Trayerss
friends recall the fact that she had
playfully remarked before her mar
riage, i viii break the old man
down IN six months. and have his
fortune all 70 myself" She was a
dashlng and beautiful oma when
he married her, and Is about -
years old. On Saturday the Old
fellow demonstrated with her for
her freedom with a gay young Bal
tmore swell, a fermer lover Of hers,
who had come 10 that section OF
country 10 drum for his house.
High words passed between hu>-
band and wife. At y o'clock the
couple retired, seeming TO be in no
better humor than before that
night. At about | o'clock the wife
Of but a few months arose noiseles>ly
from the bed and went into the
dining room, where she secured a
large carving knife. She then de-
liberately gashed her husbands
throat from ear to ear.
Being u woman Of powerful ply
sique, she took the body of her
husband upon her shoulders, and
threw it into the creek which ran
through the yard. She then,
as the testimony of the chamber
maid before the Coroner's jury
shows, buried the bed clothing and
her rO6e de chumbre, in order TO
conceal the evidence of her crime.
She put the knife up the chimney,
where it was found yesterday. The
body OF Capt. Travers was found
IN the creek on Sunday morning
Nv tWO lSl!el men. AIlS. Ild'tIS
was arrested upon suspicion of hay
ing committed the murder. The
body was traced from the parlor
door of the house to the creek By
the clots of blood upon the grass.
At the Coroner's inquest Mrs. Ira
vers s%toutly denied the crime. and
said that her husband had left the
bedroom at u o'clock IN the night,
and that he never returned. just
as the jury were about to agree
upon a verdict that the deceased
came to his death by being muir
dered by some n unknown t
them, the guilty wife burst out int
a fit Of CRYING, and acknowledge
that she committed the fearful
deed. She was taken to the county
Jail, and while there attempted I,
commit suicide by stabbing herscl
ia the breast with a par Of scissors
Intense excitement prevails III Tn
community, for Capt. Travers va
a very popular man, an eN-Jacks"I
Presidential electOr. and a cuitlva
ted gentleman. Trayers was wort
at least 800 600.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

FISH PKorAGATIoN.-Congrcss
has just made an appropriation Of
so. 600 10 lee Immediately a~valla-
bic. for continuing, under the di-
rcction Of the United States Com
missioner OF Fish, the propagation
and introduction of useful food
fishes into .he waters Of the United
states. The interest IN this sub
ject is rapidly growing IN Congre-,
and anon. leading officials.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

Fritz Myers. a noted horse thief,
Was taken from the Jail III Belle
vile, Kan, Saturday night, April
z7th. and hanged by a mob of forty
men. armed and masked.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

\ Doc VALUED AT 800. 000.-
The bench show of dogs at Masonic
Temple, IN Baltimore, closed Fri
day night, in the presence of a very
large crowd of spectators. Gov.
Carroll was present during the day.
The dog which attracted the most
attention was the English setter,
Paris, owned BY Mr.. L. H.. Smith,
Of Strathroy, Canada, and valued
by him at 500, 600.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

Norwich, Conn, has about one
hundred divorced couples, two
thirds of whom a.e under thirty
years of age.-Springfeld Repu6-
Hcan.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1878-05-09

dlSaStOse contain nitrogen and fur
nishes the elements of Vegetable
albumen.
Carbonic acid, water, and ammo
MIA, are the food of fully developed
plants; starch gum and sugar, serve
when accompanied by an azotised
substance, to sustain the embryo,
until its first organs of nutrition are
unfolded.
The formation of sugar in maple
trees does not take place IN the
roots, but in the woody substance
of the stem. And the quantity Of
sugar in the sap augments until it
reaches a certain height in the stem
of the plant, above which point it
remains stationary.
Just as terminating barley pro
duces a substance in contact with
starch, causes it to lose its insolu-
bility and to become sugar, so III
the roots of trees and plants, at the
commencement of vegetation a sub.
stance is formed, which being dis.
solved in water, ferments the
wood of the trunk, and converts
into sugar, the starch with which
it comes in contact in the stem &c