davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04

Texarkana Democrat: Since the heginalng of September last, six menths. there have been erected in this cItv and uow ia process of cree. fiea, lia residences os all classes. Twenty three business houses have also hcea erected. in wbioh ls iaelud' ed thr immeasc siag to the Mar. quana hotel the mammoth Cotton Compfess. covering two aHd a hall acrcs of Eroupd, and Che Moores and lieuFy hfiek hlark. ia which IS in- ciutisA fauf msaniaeent store rooms and Ghla's Opera liouse, the beet 10 che state tnaf denominations have Nhished and aow have in course oi couafFar artinn as mahY ehurehe.. not inclualug ene eo4aFsa ehnFeh built in thc meantime nne ueag school honse aaA a0 afisehed bnl.dlngs have bfau pai ap making in sli lI4 What city ia the sosthwest can makt aa lstngshie report Ia hniiding lnterUsff
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04

SOL. F. CLARK, Chairman. JoIN M, FARRELL, Secretary,
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04
Inrraflsl.n nArt

ftr,is or sotnmuu irauous oi per soaat char. s.fsr if a,iHais-ihie At aN. double Inc usual Isfss. aud strictly in advance,
 Marriage sud ahitnsry unliees not te eSEeed r..i- tiuss free. over four twrntY feuts PCT hHe. td.rrfi-rueut- ins-rtea ai si per sluafe Tor f..f ir-sftioa, and l1 cents each aHisel aent insertion.
 For advrftisesecnis inser4et b afe @neetsl s.It.s column. cor tm reading tHaNNfs sH fHat+ rrs line will hc eherEei-
 s,o,,,,neinu rsnGitafrs f8f staee an8 nis- 443et sfiss Glot County af'iras, as. for ufpgsS fiaa. Fa 70. and must he pAia in afvanFe.
 AIi rirrmlars of eauiihiates aat athr psailfr fntrn.ie,i fgf personal beneht Wih he ehaFEst for st a1 rents Q rhne.
 Transient advertisements, wheFe fes faFttes arc not known or an uet give fefefHHes Hilltt be p4it fovin advance Ten hat# af isss t9A sufute a square.
 Advertisements not inafkeai with tiis neHihef ,f tpsertiof,s lsslret will hr charged Tor at inc teauiar rates untii orlltr1t eut
 The ntHocR .r bns the largest eife uiait9n et any paner in ihe state. 0utsids Qt Atttit sss As su.i {. not sarnasse.t hF an3 other paper in the southwest hciue rirrefetci ih HfAfiA every t.,s.s and city lu the south aHd Nest and read bFan intriii gent. eaterpftsine people.
 Fhe panoceAT 70 .he hs+f adyertlstns ssls t in fbt ~tate. tis extensive ttresiHit9n in the -sHihwesl, among the nlante lasfehahss sil,s t.s tho.e who wish e. reach the general fnal suh-tantial public hy aaycrlisiits lhfBf fse pee ttve husiacss and Interests,
 TERMst ! year fin aavancel ...-...sss.
 single r1ay. eentHs
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04

! wear fin aasancel .......sss- 6 months .4s +s ai $ months .... ....t t.4.. s-
 single ragy. eenia.
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04

-IntermIuent fever or fever and ague is common and some times fatal complaint on bottom lands, and we strongly advise to those living in such localities Home Stomach Bit ters.
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04

fiaaAs an8 ga sfs ffgn as muea D a uarf of 9 gnFmers w king tpals as 8s the Nlaa RsA *0esfl aaa hne, Ihe faFmtf abe attempts to use the .atfsf wltAunf the asels8maee uf the Enfmff. &aaa aa -up hrl bassness" whleh nearly aiways enAs ia failure and poverty.
The Russellville Democrat., 1878-04-04
FRATERN NAL.

Q. c. Meet every We,inesHa !
 night. JAS. W. RussEiI. W. t. IT. Roar. II. JAMESON, Secretary
 A MAsoNs--Meet on Nam sifeei ,.Tax the first Saturday night ln eae h /" Month. ]. W. RrssEit' W M. R. F. ,loBE, Secretary.
 ssg.. |. O. Q. F.-~1 mosEs fRiF p- s sss. I.ODgF No. 3d. Meets every
 M0uiay eyening ai o'ttfek. NJ II. R4nD. N. G.; ". J. RfFNof l.s' N.G.; N. A. MosnisY, @ec's J. w. JoNFs, Treas.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

WITH delightful indefniteness the
Pulaski Patriot says: "The Republicans of
johnson county have again shown their
hand and gone back op Pulaski county, just
as great many predicted Why should
the Republicans of Johnson county Ego
back" on those of Pulaski county, and how
have they done so? We hope they have
and we hope this going back habit into
which the Republicans Of johnson seem to
have fallen will prove to be what the Pa
triot says it is-a very suicidal policy"
Can it be that our friend Kuykendall is in
any way responsible for the meanness Of the
Republicans of johnson? If so he may not
get to Springfield. He may be COM
PEELED to stay at home and work for a
living. But Kuyke is a sly fellow-Old
Bagstock, you know-and he may have
kept his fingers out of the pie that seems to
be offensive to the palate of Pulaski Repub-
ilieans. Kuyke is likely to not make fool
of himself.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
THE DAILY CAIRO BULLETIN: s.

not make such an assertion as this. The
truth is, that, at the time of the secession
of the Southern States, the Republican
party did not look upon the departure of
those States from the Union with regret,
Most of the Republican papers and statesmen
of the time were anxious, with Wendell. Phil
lips, to "speed the parting guest" Even Pres
ident Lincoln was an opponent of coercion,
and desired and intended to permit the Sc
coded States to remain out Of the Union
until they should conclude to come back
into it on their own voition. He and his
cabinet accepted the cardinal dogma of the
Secessionists and, if the rebels had refrain
ed from the act of firing upon the flag, the
Republican party could not have been
forced into a war for the Union. These
are n few facts Mr.. Jones ought to know.
We commend them to his consideration.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
DEATH OF SIDNEY BREESE.

The unexpected death of Judge Sidney
Breese, at the home of his son in Pinckncy-
vile, on Thursday last, was received in
Cairo yesterday, and occasioned profound
sorrow among all classes of citizens. His
name was familiar to almost every person
in Illinois. Long before his death il had
become household word throughout the
State.
The deceased was born on the 18th of
July, 1900, at Whitesboro, Oneida county,
New York. His father was Arthur Breese,
a native tf Shrewsbury, Monmouth county,
New jersey. His mother was Catherine
Livingstone, of Duchess county, New
York.
Sidney Breese graduated with distinction
in 1918 from Union College, Schenectady,
New York. He removed to Kaskaskia
within few years after 1916, and in 1920
was admitted to the bar at that place. He
commenced the practice of his profession
at Brownsville, jackson county. In 1921
he was appointed postmaster of Kaskaskia,
and in 1922 was appointed Attorney
for the Second Circuit 10y Gov. Bond,
and held the Office for five years.
In 1881 he published the first
book ever published in Illinois-Brecsc's
Reports of the Supreme Court Decisions.
In 1889, he took part in the Black Hawk
war as Northumberland. In 1885 he was
elected Judge of the Second Circuit. In
lS4l he was elected to the Supreme Court,
In ls4a he was elected United States
Senator. In 1850 he was elected
to the Legislature and was made Speaker
of the House. In 1855 he was again
elected Circuit Judge, and upon the resig-
udIoh "a NHIGi uubtiSS CSuSo was SiSStSu
a second time TO the Supreme Bench, and
remained in the court until the time of his
death. In 1923 he was married TO Miss
Eliza Morrison, second daughter Of William
Morrison, of Kaskaskia.
This is in brief the life Of the distin-
guished man whose death has been just an
nounced. In its details it was history Of
Illinois, for he was an actor in nearly every
event that has distinguished the State. He
reflected luster upon all the positions oc-
cupied by him, and was generally recog'
nized as a man Of distinguished abilities.
lie lived a useful life and in death will be
honored and lamented by all the people Of
the State.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
AN HISTORICAL WOMAN.

Nine Patterson Bonapartc, as She is com
monty called, is not too old-she is about
ninety-thrce--to defend her rights, Judging
by the fact that she recently appeared As
plaintiff in law suit in her native city Of
Baltimore. Standing by her rights is some
thing she has always done; her unwilling
ness to rclinquish any part Of them having
rendered her historic, 1t is more than sew
enty-four years since she accepted the hand
of Jerome Bonapartc during his visit to the
United States, and was married at once by
the bishop of Baltimore, John Carroll,
brother Of Charles Carroll, Of Carrollton.
Jerome remained in the country year. Wis
iting various cities with his wife and en-
barking for Europe in the spring ds05).
and arriving safely at Lisbon. The news
Of the marriage was anything but pleasant
to the Napoleon, partly because his brother
had taken wife without consulting HIM,
and partly because he had far more ambi.
tious views for his family. Consequently
he refused to recognize the American union
and forbade the couple to land at any
port under French authority. jerome
phTlcV from HIS Wllc Will pI'ut t'Hd'iH'e'
at Lisbon, TO hurry to Paris, hoping tc
change the resolution of the emperor, and
ordering the vessel to sail to Amsterdam.
Reaching there, Nine. Bonaparte wa'
not allowed to quit the ship, and so she
was obliged to 90 to England. She made
her residence at Cambcrwcil, near London
and in the following July gave birth to
son, jerome Napoleon Bonaparte
She never saw her husband atte1
his leaving her at Lisbon, except once many
years after, when she met him accidentally
without speaking, in the picture gallery o
the Pitt, at Florence. Jerome, originally
much in love with her, tried in vain t.
soften his imperial brother, and was final,
compelled to wed the Princess Fredcrici
Catherine, of Wurtemburg, Napoleon
laborcd hard to induce Pope Plus VII t.
declare Jcromc's first marriage null an,
void; but the pontilf stubhornly and per
sistently declined Nine Patterson Bona
partc has spent most Of the last fifty year
in Baltimore in the enjoyment Of abundnn
means and in an intense admiration of til,
Napoleon tribe, notwithstanding their out
rageous treatment of her. She was II mos
enthusiastic advocate of the emperor whit
he lived and has always cherished. ant
still cherishcs the hope, It is said, that SOM
one Of her descendants will ascend tn,
throne of France,
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
CAMPAIGN JOTTINGS.
INTERESTING INTERVIEW WITH CONGRESS-
MAN EwING---sENATOR THURMAN A CAN
DIDATE FOR THE PRESIDENCY.

INTERESTING INTERVIEW WITH CONGRESS-
MAN EwING---sENATOR THURMAN A CAN
DIDATE FOR THE PRESIDENCY.
New YORK, June 17.-Thomas Ewing,
congressman from Ohio, is in the city, and
to-day during an interview on various top.
les he said there is but little doubt that
Senator Thurman is one of the many Dem
ocratic candidates for the presidency. From
all that he has been able to see Mr.. Til
den's chances for denomination, so far as
the west is concerned, are slim.
his FINANCIAL VIEWS.
When asked what were his ideas on
finance, he said: believe in the re.enact-
ment by congress of laws to substitute
treasury notes for bank notes, and to make
greenbacks receivable for custom duties
TO authorize an unlimited coinage of silver
dollars and the issue of certificates of sill
yer bullion, and to establish United States
notes as the sole and permanent paper cur
rency of the country. would regulate the
issue by law. look upon the attempt 10
return to specie payment by a contraction
Of the currency as fatal in its consequences
to the business interests of the country.
This contraction policy has caused loss in
shrinkage of values, etc, of $l20,O00,O00
TO the country, or virtually added that
amount TO the bonded debt. 1t has caused
suffering and great loss of property and a
waste of the protective industry, and has so
increased the effect of the burdens of all
debts, public and private, as to threaten re-
pudation.
THE INVESTIGATION.
Cen Ewing thought the Potter investi-
CATION has unearthed great deal of fraud,
but does not think it will end this sum
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
THE METROPOLIS RACES.

THE second annual meeting of the
Metropolis Racing Club will be held at
Metropolis, on August /, 2 and 3. Racing
will begin at 10 o'clock a. NJ, as follows:
First Day.-Running race for green
horses; single dash, once around the Fair
Ground Track premium, $25. Running
race; once around the track; best two in
three; for all horses under years old
premium, $50. P. NJ. Running race for
two-year ODDS; twice around the track and
repeat; best two in three; premium, $50.
Mule race; once around the track; best
two in three free for all; premium, f25
Foot race; one hundred yards: free for all
premium, $25.
Second Day.-Running race; free for
all; twice around the track two best in
three premium, 800. Running race for
horses owned in Massac county; half mile
and repeat premium, $50. P. NJ. Pacing
race: free for all; mile heat; two best in
three; premium, $50. Hurdle race; once
around the track, horses to jump five
hurdles, three feet high; open to all; pre-
MUM, $50. Foot race; fifty yards; free for
everybody; premium, $40. Best single
shot with pistol premium, $40,
Third Day.-Single dash; once around
the track: free for all; horses to carry SO
pounds; premium, $50. Trotting match
free for all; mile heats; two best in three
premium, 800 The whole 10 conclude
with grand running race on straight
track one-quartcr Of u mile; free for all
horses to carry what they please; to start al
the tap of the drum; first nose under til,
wire takes the purse without question; pre-
MUM, 500. Also, running race OF
straight track, 600 yards; free for all
horses to carry what the owner plcascs; t.
start at the tap of the drum; first nose un
der wire takes premium without question
premium, 800.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
COUNTY NOTICES.
NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS.

Sealed proposals will be received at my Office up
to Monday, the sth day OF July. 4. d. ISIS, " the
following road work, Said proposals liay Include
the whole length Of said roads, by the acre or any
part thereof the county reseryng the right to eject
any or all bds, viz:
For cutting outa new road, beginning on the cen.
ter section line between sections two q and eleven
ll In township Il, south range west, in ths
county, and running thence north 10 the new Cache
bridge now being built across Cache river, ssid
road 10 he cleared 100 feet wide 90 feet ON each side
Of the center section lAel, % feet In the center OF
said l0O feet 10 be thoroughly cleared Of everything
above the surface Of the ground. and the other ~
feet thing to be removed except the .tumps OF
trees.
Also for road to commence al the southern ap-
proseh Of tho said bridge scrurs said Cache
river, aud TO along and said river TO poin,
near the junction Of the Theb-s aud JonesborJ
roads IN this county. sad rad To be cleared rod,
vide ~ feet In center Of sald road to be thoroughly
cleared OF everything above the surface OF the
ground. on the remainder 81 each side OF said III
feet everything TO 10 be removed excepting stump.
OF trees. SAMUEL J. HUMM,
County Clerk
CAIRO, June 10, 1878.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

Our friend b. o. Jones, Of the Massac
Journal, whose only shortcomings are Re
publicanism and poetry, informs us that
the Republican party "rcstored the old
flag to its accustomed moorings, undimmed
by the loss of single star" Why did Mr..
Jones stop at the halfway house of praise!
Why did he not tell us that not only did the
Republican party restore the old flag to its
accustomed moorings, but that it also ran
the old ship Of state up to the top of the
flag staff of the Republic and allowed her
to sail with all her canvass spread over a
land united and disenthral!ed! This would
have climaxed the mooring figure.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
DEMOCRATIC REPRESENTATIVE
CONVENTION.

A Democratic convention will De held at
Jonesboro, H., on Tuesday, the 23d day of
July, 1878, for the purpose of nominating
two candidates for Representatives in the
General Assembly for the j0th Senatorial
district
Basis of representation; One delegate for
each 200 votes and fraction over 100 votes
be entitled to delegates as follows;
AleNanucr'''''''..
JackNun' ',,lU
Union
W. H. NORRIS,
W. A. LEMMA,
W. &. MORELAND,
Committee.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

In the counties that have not already ap'
pointed delegates the Central committee:
the Democratic party will, in such man.
aer and at such time as they may deter
mine, call county conventions to appoin,
delegates to this convention.
BY order of the Democratic Central Com
mittec of the Eighteenth Congressional dis
trict. JNo. H. OBERLy, Chairman.
A. Polk JOKES, Secretary.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
EIGHTEENTH CONGRESSIONAL DIS,
TRICT.

ALL FOR 4 DEMOCRATIC DELEGATE CoNvEN-
TON TO NOMINATE A CANDIDATE FOR
CONGRESS.
The Democrats Of the Eighteenth Con-
sressional district of Illinois are requested
to send delegates to convention to be
held at Jonesboro, Union county, on Tues
day, esd day Of July, 1878,
at 10 o'clock IN, for the purpose
of nominating candidate for representa-
tive in the Forty.sixth congress Each
county of the district will be entitled to
the number Of delegates -. and votes in,
the convention set sppodtc It's name below,
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

LIVER Is KISe.-The liver is the imperial
organ of the whole human system, as it con-
trolls the life, health and happiness of man.
When it is disturbed in its proper action,
all kinds of ailments are the natural result.
The digestion of food, the movements Of the
heart and blood, the action Of the brain and
nervous system are allimmcdiately connect
ed with the workings of the liver. 1t has
been successfully proved that Green's Au.
gust Flower is unequaied in curiag all per-
sons afflicted with dyspepsia or liver com
plant, and all the numerous symptoms that
result from an unhealthy condition of the
liver and stomach. Sample bottles to try,
10 cents. Positively sold in all towns on
the western continent. Three doses will
prove that it is just what you want
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
THE CORPSES IN PICKLE AT ANN
ARBOR,

CINCINNATI, o., June 27.-Dctective
Soulbaker has just arrived from Ann Arbor,
Mich, and says that of the number OF
corpses now in pickle at the Ann Arbor
medical college, thirty-two were shipped
from Cincinnati to B. H. HENSON g. Co.,
Ann Arbor; two were sent from Logansport,
Ind, two from Erie, Pa. and from fifteen
to twenty from Indianapolis. Morton, the
grave robber, was the fend that did the
work.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

COURTHOUSE SALoON.-This saloon, I'M
der the management Of Mr. John II.
Bccchcr, grows in popularity with its pat.
rons. And so it should, for Mr.. b.
prides himself on the quality OF
his liquors, wines and cigars. He dis.
penscs none but the best of these articles
Meals are also provided at the house at all
hours. The public are invited to give him
a call.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

that the Declaration of independence con-
tanned only two grammatical sentences"
After reading this We read the work of our
printers, as displayed in the composition of
several articles original with us, and felt a
pride in the fact that nobody could truth
fully say our editorials were as INGRAM
matical as the Declaration.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

TnE Pulaski Patriot says tina, "thcrc
seems 70 be no head or tail to fine
thing" meaning by thing" the Republican
Senatorial Committee of the Mound City
district The thing needs no head 4
"tail" can hold all the brains that arc need.
cl to Min the Republican party Of the Fifty.
first District, We appeal to Jones, Of III,
Masslc journal. He knows.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
JONES ON THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.

JONES ON THE REPUBLICAN PARTY
THE Massac Journal says the Republican
party is essentially the party of universal
liberty 1t is not. 1t was compelled by
circumstances to reluctantly become the
emancipation party; but it did not take
this position until the events Of the war
forced it to do So Before the war, it resent
ed the charge that it desired the abol ion
of slavery; and the lamcntcd Lincoln not
only considered the fugitive slave law con-
Sttutional, but by II threat compelled the
party to refuse to permit any expression
dcnunciatory Of that law to be put in its
platform. This fact Mr. Jones should know
and knowing the fact, he should have the
candor TO admit that it is true.
"Whcn civil war raised its parricidal arm
to strike down the government says Mr.
'''''N' pursuing lllo 'loqucncc' Nhci
troaSo0. like II fell assassin, sought tc
destroy ,hc glorious fabric, and erect ;
slayc-hold,ng uristocracy--an American
irudal system more intolcnblC
than that which dcnowcred Europ,
IN the dark agcs-thcn this Re
publican party rushed to the front of bat
tie and through blood and suffering res
cucd the government from the treason an,
traitors that environcd it," Mr.. Jones i
wociully ignorant of facts, or else he woult
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
r. f. KUNKLE'S
BITTER WINE OF IRON.

'I'hc great success and delight Of the people In
fact, nothing like II has ever been offered the
into their good favor and hearty approval as \. +.
knnklc- Bitter Wine of Iron. II does all 1t pro.
poses, and thus gives universal satisfaction, II II
guaranteed 10 cure the worst eases Of dyspepsia or
indigestion, kidney or liver diseases. weakness,
nervousness, constipation ucidlty of the stomach,
DC Get the genuine only sold IN 81 ~ hotties
Depot and Office, 25N North Smith Street, Phladrl.
pla, ASK for kunklcs and take no other, Sold by
all druggists,
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29
PROPOSALS
PROPOSALS FOR STANDS,
At THE
X. VI. X. c. CELEBRATION.
July 4th, 1878.

SEALED bids will he received, up 80 O'Clock pm,
- Monday. June 2ith, for the privilege of stands
at the Park the Fourth, viz: Stand No l. for the
sale of soda water bottled and fountain lem.
0nadc aud other Onspirtuous, vinOus or malt
drinks: stand No, p for the sale of ice cream.
cake and berries; stand No 3, lunch stand for
the sale Of coffee, tea milk, canned goods except
irnlts and berries, meats, sandwiches, &c stand
No. 4, for the sale Of candies nuts cigars and 10.
haccO.
The relative location of the above stands with
the dancing moor are shown in plat that can be
seen al Paul III Schuhs cigar store, Their position
II also -takcd of AT the Park Ground allowed to
each stand, ~ feet square Bids for each Of the
above stands separately: and bids for the privi.
cgc of the whole grounds 10 sell any and all Of the
articles enumerated, will he received In the latter
case the bidders will have the privilege Of one or
more stands on any part Of the croundr not within
will be required 10 sign contract with surctics
binding thems elves topay the amount agreed upon
on the 9th day of July 1873 and to scll all articles
al the prices ruling In this city.
Bids viii Also be received for the erection of A
Dancing floor, Speakers stand, Fire works stand
aud judges stand Bidders are 10 furnish all ma.
eral and work required In the erection. remove the
structures after the celebration except Judges stand
and own al the material used Plans and -pecif.
cations be seen al Paul II, Schuhs Cigar Store
The Committee the right TO reject any and all
bids Bids must be put In sealed envelopes and state
distinctly oa the back for what the hid 7. offered
aud should be addressed TO Franklin Walker, secy o..
Com. They can be left at Schuh's Cigar Store or
mailed. The bids will be opened at the X NJ X
c.. Hall, on Monday. June 9Th, ats o'clock y IN +,
and those Interested are requested TO b. present,
BY order Of the
COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1878-06-29

PRoF lllIGARD, of the Coost Survey, has
written letter in which he says that bar
is not forming in front ofthc ct,cs, bu,
,ha, the depth Of the water in front of the
old bar--ot the very place the Humphrey
ties predicted the formation of the new inn
pedimcnt TO commerce. greater than i,
was before the construction of the c,tics,