The Centre reporter. [volume] (Centre Hall, Pa.) 1871-1940, 1878-05-16
NUMBER 20.
Farm, GARDEN AND HOUSEHOLD.


Farm Hoten.
Do not plant trees deeper than is
necessary 10 cover the roots well. Never
I place the roots in contact with manure.
Planting need not be hurried. When
trees arrive from the narseFy. unpaok
them, keeping a sharp eye 10 the labels,
aud " "heel-in at once.
Watering must be attended 10, and
when the soil gets packed and crusted
between the rows, break Il up,or mellow
/ il with the finger, or q pointed stick.
1 Grating La best done just aa vegeta'
F ton starts. A tree that produces poor
I fruit Is easily converted into a profitable
( tree. The operation is n simple one.
and any intelligent boy can perform u.
Stakes, where trees are properly
! planted, are not needed, unless IN ex-
/ posed localities where there are strong
/ winds, and in such cases the orchard
should be protected by screen OF some
1 quick growing trees that will serve as q
Wind-break.
Drains Ahould be cleared Of waste
matter, such an leaves, and other trash
that will interfere With the dow of water.
In digging open drains, the earth should
be thrown out upon the side opposite 10
that from which the snrface water comes.
II is now that we require rapid, Wig
orous growth, TO send up strong spears
from the tillerinR roots. A moderate
dressing Of some active fertilizer, rich
in ammonia, and with a good supply Of
phosphoric acid for the needs Of the
gram, is precisely what is needed.
Laying ont the ground may be done
in squares, the trees in rows. and oppo-
site each other, common plan for
small orchards, but where the ground is
10 be used TO the best advantage, the
QtaHcuax method is adopted, i'm which
each tree stands AZ the corner OF an
equilateral triangle, aud il equally dis
tant from six others
A SiiesiAn farmer has adopted a
method Of imparting 70 butter an aroma
as delicate as that secured from COWS
pastnred in the most fragrant meadows.
He suspends in the empty churn a calico
bag filled with fragrant herbs. keeping the
churn carefully closed When churn-
ing. he substitutes four smaller bags,
attaching them TO the beaters OF the
churn. The result is thus secured in q
perfectly legitimate and harmless man
ner.
A correspondent states that he kept q
plum tree from curculios by sprinkling
the ground under the tree with corn
meal. This induced the chickens 10
scratch and search. The meal was
strewn every morning from the time the
trees bl0ssomed until the fruit was large
enough 20 be out Of danger. The con-
sequence was, that the fowls picked mp
the curculios with the meal, and the
tree being saved from the presence Of
the insects, was wonderfully fruitful.
breeding srsch ON the Farm.
In view Of the market for choice stock
lately thrown open 10 our farmers by
the expectation of cattle and meat 20
Europe, il behooves them 30 pay in
creased attention 30 the raising OF su-
pepor animals on the farm. A late
report on the American trade, by Pro-
fessor Sheldon, Of tine Cirincester Agri-
cultural College. England, after furnish
ing a mass of information on the subject,
comes 10 the conclusion that, despite
some fluctuations, the dead meat trade
viii rapidly increase, and that apph-
ances for its successful management viii
be multiplied here aud In Europe. The
profits Of the traffic win be IN q great
measure, proportionate 10 the excelleDce
Of the product, and the limit to the
quantity shipped win be the stowage
capacity Of vessels crossing the Atlantic,
for, owing 10 The falling of in our i'm
ports, the number of ships engaged IN
the transatlantic trade will be too small
to afford room for large export OF meat
together with other merchandise without
advancing the freight 10 n figure that
will prohibit further expectation.
The experience OF many thriving
farmers all over the country proves that
a better run Of animals is obtained by
breeding them on the farm than by pur-
chasing them. More care is bestowed
in selecting the likely ofsprings OF tried
animals, they will so on fattening
more rapidly and uniformly than strang-
ers picked mp here and there. for Il
takes some time before these get &C
duainted and become contented enough
TO Law on flesh kindlyin their new home;
and moreover. the tendency of prices for
young stock is upwards, and the proba-
bility is very strong that ere long il will
not pay farmers 10 go into the market
for young animals. In any case, It is, as
a rule, more profitable to breed the
stock one handles than 10 purchase IL.
- Massachusetts PloaghHaaR.
Vinegar Makins.
The apples should be crushed and the 1
juice expressed aud put into good tight \
barrels, with the bung left ont. Fer
mentatioa will follow quite rapidly, and
continue for days or weeks, according
to the weather. After the the first fer
mentation ceases, draw off the cider
in order not TO disturb the I
sediment which viii have fallen 10 the 4
bottom. Rinse out the barrel, put the Z
cider back, and set in a warm place,
adding pint of liquid yeast, or half
pound Of yeast cakes previously DIS
solved in two quarts Of water. III the
cider is rather weak, two quarts OF mo-
lasses may be added 10 strengthen il;
but usually the cider will be strong I
enough TO make excellent vinegar, and
too strong; in the latter case
dilute with rain water, two, three, or
more gallons 10 the barrel; at the close
of the second fermentation, the cider
viii generally have become excellent
vinegar. II what is called mother Of
vinegar can be obtained, q small quanti-
Nv may be added with advantage.