The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-01-10

cordially by the Emperor Napoleon and Queen Vic
toria and with enthusiasm by the peoples Of both
countries In Franco ne was decorated with tho
Grand Cross OF tho Legion Of Honor and in England
was created knight OF the Garter.
NAPOLEON, VICTOR EMMANUEL JOSEPH
BY 1858 every Power in Europe that u be-
tween France aud Austria for Italy was inevitable.
Assured OF the support OF The French Emperor Victor
Emmanuel pursued a passively aggressive course,
which tended to provoke the hostility OF Francis
Joseph. Bc allowed the dsafiected OF Italy to organ
ize large volunteer force in his territory TO arm,
equip aud otherwise prepare for war during tho
year mentioned he expressed himself anticipating
For Tour years previous his agents had been
scattered throughout Italy, energeticay tanning tho
hros OF instruction and preparing tho people to take
part IN another war Tor national independence and
unity. On the LIST OF January, 1850 Napoleon dc.
livcred his celebrated New Years speech TO tho Aus
TRAN Ambassador. A few days later Victor Emmanuel
publicly declared IN the Chamber Of Deputies that a
great crisis in the aairs OF his Kingdom and of Italy
was at hand, while, At the ssmo time Count Cavour
issued circular addressed TO tho Powers OF Europe
detailing tho ways ardnia had suffered from Austria
The'Brtish and Prussian governments endeavored to
act Tho part OF pachcators. but without effect. In
February Austria sent sum TO Sardinia requr-
ing her to disarm and to disband tho Italian volun-
toers. Victor Emmanuel promptly rejected tho
Great Britain, Russia and Prussia impslled
TO protest against it. Two months later 600 French
soldiers, forming an army OF observation, were
stationed on the frontier Of SARDINIA. and Austria
notified that If hor forces crossed the Ticno France
would regard the movement as declaration or war.
THg WAR OF $50.
Austria not long picking up the gauntlet for
tho subjects OF Victor Emmanuel convinced that this
was not TO be mere struggle between sovereigus,
but real contest for national rushed
10 the standard Of the Re Gaantuomo with great en-
thusias. On the 9th OF April, 1859. Tuscany yielded
voluntarily to Sardinia; three days later Parma fol.
lowed tho example Of Tuscany and the re,gning
Duchess quilted her palace IN conformity with tho
wishes OF her people. The King assumed the die
tatorshp OF Tuscany, and Modena, Sicily Naples and
tho greater portion OF the Papal States place
| themselves under his sceptre On the I'd OF May he
| lett Turn to takc command Of tho army.
| In accordance with tho time honored Gus.
tom OF tho house Of savoy no took with him
his eldest son. Prince Humbert, who, though only
boy, was placed in nominal command OF tho Savoy
brigade. AT the battle OF Montcbollo tho Italian
troops wero victorious A. Palestro where the King
commanded in person, the Austrians vwcre again de-
feated. The great baltic oil Magenta was fought on
Juno 4, whore tho Italian King supported MacMahon
and assisted him TO secure o duKedom afterwArd.
Four days after tho fight at Magenta Napoleon III.
| and Victor Emmanuel entered tho city OF Milan In
triumph. On the Gath OF Juno the terrible battle Of
Solferino was fought, the French Emperor tho
Italian King both being the held the latter direct
ing tho troops agans. General Benedek and defeating
| him.
| TREATY viLLAFRANcA.
| Tho Austrians utter Soerno, declared In favor Of
peace A meeting between tho representatives Of
Austria, Italy and France called at vnlafrancu
A treaty Of peace signed. Savoy and Nice were
coded 10 France subject the votes OF their people,
| who decided in favor of annexation.
! .ns cAprUkE NArLEs.
Tuscany and Romagna publicly voted In favor OF
apusxation to Sardinia. So far tho success OF the
King had exceeded hts expectations But much moro
was 10 DO accomplished. Garibadl that the unity
! OF tho nation must be completed before reaction
could set IN. The people excited state
Every day increased tho danger OF disaection, how
| ever. Garibaldi determined TO strike quickly. He
led expedition into Naples. The Neapolitau
forces routed, the King OF Naples fed
from the city. aud on the 30tn OF September, 1850,
Garbadi proclaimed Victor Emmanuel King OF Italy.
Two months later the King OF Italy entered Naples.
All Italy had now become united and free with tho
exception OF Rome and Venice. In December, 1850,
tho King issued decree annulling all condemnatons
for political offences pronounced in the Kingdom OF
tho Two Siciios from May Is. 1S4s, 10 June %, 1860
On February II Gaea surrendered Claidin ana tho
| exking and Queen OF Naples lett for France board
French man-otwar, the Mououe. Napoleon IL .
having gwen impulse TO the new order OF thipgs was
compelled TO recognize the acts OF tho King
ally the leading Powers OF Europe had also 10 &C.
| knowledge Victor Emmanuel AS King oil Italy.
gxCoMMUNICATEp
On March 20, 1850 the Pope issued a bull against
the rebel Italians" who had invaded the CAM agna
"by which tho punishment OF major oxcom
is inflicted on the invaders and usurpers oil our
n1cal provinces" After recing tho usus divine dts
pensations to tho Church and referring to the con-
slant attacks OF the secular authorities, the bull
| said :-"fbese wicked lnnOvators in attacking the
temporal power OF tho Church and It's temporal do
mnion and In despsing It's venerable orily 60 so
the csuroh snS opedsucs sSm
mands And IL Is the moro to be deporcd
t that. some or , those on whom as sons
tect no Church ana MAINTAIN It's power, have suled
thomson by tnoir wicked acts In these mschiev.
Gus and perversc intrgues, which oeplore, the
Sardinisn government has the principal part, Is
generally known how much In that kingdom the
Church has suffered injuries and restrictions, which
We have already vehonently lamented IN our con-
J sIsiorai oiiocution Of January -, 1853 The Sar.
dinian government has until now despised Just
reciamations, and has declared to inlet our
Church great injury and to attack It's secular power
while according TO tue Will OF God, the Holy see of
ST. Peter ought TO he protected In the liberty OF
apostolic once. Last yea, when broke
out between tho Emperor OF Austria, tho Emperor OF
the French and me King oil Sardinia avoided
which could excItc me Inhabitants OF the States OF
tac Church 10 scdWon. Instgaiors wore despatched,
great deal oil money was spent, arms were sup
piled, excitement created by bad pamphlets ana
journals, aud fraud OF every kind was employed even
| on the part OF thosc VINO wcro members OF the ON
bassy OF thai country at Rome, without any regard TO
| Lonesty and international right a they pretepded
their dignity IN order 10 be enabled 10 misuse IL to
| pursue their dark projects for damaging our Papai
government. Having invoked the light OF Tho Holy
spirit In private and public prayers, ard having taken
the advice Of tho reverend Droncrs the cardinals OF
| our Holy Komish Church We declare, IN accordance
with the authority which we hold from Almighty
| God and tho most holy apostles Peter Paul,
and also In accordance with our ownTuthority, ali
thoso who have taken part In tho smut
nsurrsct0n In our provinces IN usurping occupying
or invading them, or IN dong such deeds we com
planned Of June and September, last yoar those
who bavo perpctrated some Of those acts themse
n well those Who have been their warraners sup
portcrs helpers, counselors followers, as well as
those who connved at executing the above mentioned
deeds under whatever protcDcc, TO have taken
themselves the atonement OF The major excommL
ton and religious punishment as they determine
in our apostolic constitution and by the dccrccs
general councils, cspecay that OF Trent and, II
essary, We excommunicato them again; we anathcna u
tzc Them further declaring that they to all
| pHYlIAYeS and lnduIcence which haY