davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
THE EXHIBITION.

LONDON, April 25.-The United
States steamer Wyoming, and ship
Constellation, which arrived at Havre
together on Tuesday from New York
with exhibits for the Paris Exhibition
will discharge their cargoes immedi-
stely. The goods will be in Paris
this week. The American section of
the Exhibition is filing rapidly, and
it is thought it will be little, if any,
behind others on opening day,
Nav lst.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
THE Pacific Railroad bill passed the
House on the oath inst. almost unani-
mously, the vote standing 243 yeas to
2 nays.

THE Russians appear to be already
making ready for privateering and
to 60 preying upon British commerce
should war occur. @
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
A. III. HAMILTON, PROP'R.

and requesting my formal acceptance
of the same. The nomination which
your convention has been pleased to
tender, / accept. Very faithfully
your friend, JOSEPH G. KNAPP:
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
LONDON, April 2l.-Negotiatiors

LONDON, April 2l.-Negotiatiol.s
regarding the Congress, and with
drawal of British and Russian troops
from near Constantinople, have as
yet led to no result, and 1t is consid-
cred very unfortunate that Bismarck
and Gortschakof have fallen i'll at
this critical juncture. In the uncer-
tainty of the issue, the Russians are
doing their best to strengthen their
position, and advices from various
sides concur that there are considera-
BILE movements of troops toward
Constantinople, as we'll as Gallipoli.
According to letter in the
Vienna Politische correspondence
from Tchaldga, about thirty miles
northwest Of IConstantinople two
thousand sappers and eight thou
sand infantry are at work there
turning and completing lines thrown
up by the Turks along the whole line
from Hadem Koi to Derkos on the
Black Sea.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01

India rubber tires tor wheels are
becoming quite common in England.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
&os &xpAarMENr

cepted, the knotty point as to the dis
tance to which the force shall retire
continues to be discussed and the
difficulties in the way of such . solu-
ton are great.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01

LONDON, April 25.-At San Stefano
as we'll as on other exposed points of
the coast, strand batteries have been
erected to frustrate any attempts to
land. According to Russian accounts
which are doubtless exaggerated,
seven hundred guns are already in
position.
Along the coast in Wallachia, says
correspondent at Bucharest, Rus
sian troops of occupation consist of
three army corps, twentv-four reserve
batallions and q proportionate num-
ber of artillery and cavalry.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01

BERLIN, April 26.-A number Of
German bankers, induced to meet
here to consider practicability Of
floating auother Russian loan, unani-
mously refused to engage in the
work.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
McLln,s atatamant.

WARRINGTON, April 25.-The state
ment of Judge McLin is published
The first portion is devoted to furn.
ishing an excuse for his seeming in.
consistency in first covering and then
revealing the Florida election frauds.
He says he believed that Democrat
ic triumph would be q National dis.
aster in 1877 and that he should give
benefit of the doubt to the Republi-
cans, even to the extent of straining q
point. He did not consider himself q
Judge, but q partizan. He now sees
that powerful influences swayed his
Judgment and
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01

Additional reports of the storm of
last Sunday now in show the damage
in the district visited by the storm to
be more severe than was at first sup
posed. In the vicinity of Wall Lake
hardly a house or fence escaped with
out some injury.
Ottumwa weekly courier. (Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa) 1872-1899, 1878-05-01
A SILENT CITY.
The Ercavated Wonders Of Ancient
Pompeii It's Streets, Temples,
Stores, Houses, Amphitheater and
Villas-An Interesting account of
the Runs.
From the New York Telegram.

Naples is always crowded with Wis
itors. All the tourists "do" POmpeii,
as the saying is. This city has been
rendered familiar to Americans by
the late novelist, Lord Lytton, in that
incompatible work, "The Last Days
of Pompeii." = A railroad runs from
Naples to the city, which has been
about exhumed from the ashes-a de-
lightful ride Of about forty minutes
duration, which takes us along the
beautiful Bay of Naples in full view
of its blue, limpid waters, and carries
us over the ruins of the twin city in
the dreadful destruction, far-famed
Herculaneum. The remains of Pom
peii are all under the control of the
Government, which charges an admis-
sion fee of francs, for which amount
visitors are also furnished with COM
petent guides. The gateway by which
you enter is only few minutes walk
from the railroad depot, and you are
at once within the precincts Of the ST.
lent City.
THE LAPSE OF TIME.
Eighteen hundred years ago the city
was full Of life. Nearly 10000 people
promenaded it's streets, and it was q
scene Of Roman luxury and volupta-
BUSINESS. Its situation on the sea
made it a most fashionable place Of
resort for the wealthy Romans, and
the Emperor Claudius had his pleas
ure house there, and the great orator
Cicero q residence. 1t was likewise
a commercial seaport, and lively
traffic was carried on by its mer-
chants. But in August, A. d. '79,
Vesuvius belched forth q mass of
burning lava, ashes, cinders, hot wa
ter and mud, and the town was total
ly buried. Since that period other
eruptions have heaped up more vol
canic matter on the site of the city,
and for nearly seventeen centuries
Pompeii remained dead to the world.
About 100 years ago the entombed
city was discovered, and immediate
action was taken to excavate as much
of the ruins as possible.
The work has been going steadily
on, but not more than ene-half of the
city has yet been exhumed. Still,
many acres have been dug over and
miles of streets have been brought to
the light of day. The buried portion
is still covered with tons upon tons Of
stones, ashes, cinders and hardened
mud to depth of from ten to twenty
feet above the tops of the houses
Over this are two feet of rich soil,
which is exceedingly productive and
covered with trees.
The Government employs every
Winter about 200 people, comprising
men, women and children, in excava-
ting this part. The men dig; the wo-
men and children carry away the
rubbish in baskets. The exhumed
portion of the city lies open to the
bright sun and is somewhat slightly
elevated above the level of the sur
rounding country.
THE PRESENT CITY.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19

DisCnark I'm Bankruptcys

New YORK, Oct. 1S.-Duncap.
Sherman & Co. have received a dis.
charge from bankruptcy.
The Porter Case,
NEW YORK, Oct. 18.-In fbe
Porter case to-day. the Board re-
solved to invite General Pope to
appear and testify, which he will
probably do. After few unim-
portant witnesses were examined,
the Board adjourned to the oath, in
order to give General Pore an op.
portunity to arrive.
ScUiI Race.
PITTsBURG, Oct. I8.-Evan Nor.
rls, OF this city, and Fred Plaisted,
or New York, will row a two-mie
scull race for $1,000 over Hutton
course at 4:30 P. M.
German Politics,
BERLIN, Oct. 18.-The moderate
Liberals and Conservatives have
come to an agreement on the dis.
puted points In the Socialist bill.
The Government has assented to
the compromise, which is in favor
of the Liberals.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
Watches and Jewelry.

Having purchased tho stock and nx-
lures of the we'll known jewelry store of
Mr.. I. w. Slackpole, adding thereto
large and entirely new assortment OF
goods, we ere are prepared to show the
citizens OF Los Angeles and vicinity one
OF the finest and best selected rfocks a.
be found in the State, which will b sold
at the lowest living rates.
We shall constantly be in receIpt or all
the latest novelties In watches. chalne.
Jewelry, etc., to which the att6ntio of
the public ID especially invited.
In spectacles we have a large and ~
ried assortment, and are the exclusive
agents in Southern California OF tho eel
eurated Lazerus a Morris perfes T. d snoc-
the world. ''''.'.
Mr.. stackpole will remain IN onr euIS>
ploys having exclusive co1frof ~ 10
work department., and ~ herotpl1Q1. 1o-
pecial attention Will be given N thS n
pairing Of nne watches and 10 welry,
We shall be happy 70 sre all or old
friends and the public af lame.
DUHsM0OR HRf]H.
lSstf ~ hprin1 street.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
DR.. Joseph kurtz

Has removed his office to No. 81 MAIN
STREET, over Dotier & Bradley's Furni-
ture store.
Office Hours-From 10 TO II, 10 and S
10 o. Residence-Buena Vista street.
myltf
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
Montana Meat Market.

ERGLINaER & FRANK, fWN
II The best and tenderest NJ eats Afs1I
In the market. None but the
PrImest Beef and Mutton
ever to be found. Note the address--Mon-
tann Meat Market, Main Street, near
B1rpt. Los Angeles
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
South California Pork Market,
No. II MAIN STREET,

VIII furnish custom ers with none but
flrst-class Meats. Snusages, Head Cheese,
Pates of all kinds, Ham, Bacon, Poultry,
Eggs, Cheese ard Butter. shop open
from A. M. to S% p. NJ. Meats delivered
to all parts of the city free. s24
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.
A highly.improved tract of
go ACRES of LAND.

Terms of Sale-s6 900, one-half cash,
gold coin. and the other half property,
real or personal, at its present cash
JUDGE THOMAS II. SMITH, OF Los
Angeles, or o. H. ALLEN, residing on
the premises, nd Joining the Los Nietos
Institute, near Downey City. ol0tf
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19

BY OIutr OF
w. WOODwORTH,
President of Com mmiItec,
3. II. MOTT, Secretary.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19

The following Is the programme. as
nnaily arranged, OF the southern District
Agricultural Associations Fair, to COM
mence october l4th and close Saturday,
October 10Th:
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
Morning kilograms.
rasseng e rs Going soush.

hhssenker6 GOAGS SOuGh.
McJAvE, Oct. 18Th X Snow
aud son, II Harpep, e s Foster,
Mrs M s Moore, Miss Nellie Lewis,
j b Winters, J Nj Miller, E Bar
four, Rev w HI Hill, J Liver, ] E
Freeman, Nj E Joyce, J c Chase.
50. ve",ion Doirx..
SACRAMENTO, Oct. 1S. = The
Committee on Public Buildings
and State Institutions to-day decid-
ed to divide into subcommittee
and visit State institutions during
vacation.
The Committee on Judiciary met
last evening to- consider O rCsolu-
ton introduced by Barbour in the
Convention declaring that Eugene
Fawcett, being Judge of the 18th
Judicial District, is ineligible to a
seat in the Convention. After
lengthy debate, Edgerton present.
ed a resolution thst Judge Fawcett
be declared eligible. Adopted,
l3 to 3. There will be a minority
report presented.
The Daily Suicf.s~.
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. II. Guis-
eppe Caraffine. an Italian, aged
thirty-six, committed suicide at
the Colombo House, Broadway,
this morning, by shooting himself
in the mouth witha revolver. The
motive of the act is unknown.
Deceased has been miner, but
became paralyzed and was to have
started for Italy Tomorrow.
In the Fourth District Court to-
day, argument on motion fO- the
appointment of receiver for the
French Savings Bank went over
till next Tuesday.
san FrnnciscD Markets.
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 18.-Wheat
The financial troubles In Great
Britain keep buyers out of the
market; good to choice shipping,
$1.65@1 674; fair, Sl.6O@l.62I; low
grades, ST. 30@1 As Barley-Brew-
ing active, 81 l5@1.27S; bay feed,
SL05@1. 10; coast, soc. @Sl.00 Oats
dull and unchanged. Corn-Small
yellow, S1.1.@1.2O. Rye, $1.15@
l.30. Hay-Sales of fair whest
aud good wild oat at Sl275 Pota-
toes steady.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
FIRST ANNUAL EXHIBITION

-nssl Pqqs
q'n
sd NJ T N
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1878-10-19
&o1 Anoclea Aemld.

pa ushcd every morning except Mon
uay,
Ny
.,OSEI,Il ID. LYNCH.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06

PROVIDENCE, II. l., January "a
large steamer, supposed to be "Old
Colony" of the Fall River line, an
chored seven miles Off from the boat
house of Newport with signal distress
flying. The steamer Castus, the tor,
pedo steamer Nina and the steamer
Calus have gone to her assistance.
HATTERAs INLET, Me-, January g.
The schooner Il. b. Wharton, New
York, bound from Psntingo Creek,
North Carolina, to New York, struck
on Hatteras bar and sunk In Hatteras
Roads.
PROVIDENCE, r. l., January 5.-The
steamer Old Colony arrived at New.
port In tow, off Point Judith. AT $3.50
this morning she broke her steam pipe
in two places, capsized her larboard
smoke stack, and chafed her stem
badly with her chains. Passengers all
right.
GLOUCESTER, MASS, January g.
The schooner Julia Newell, from New
York, with corp for Camden, Maine,
went ashore near Good Harbor. The
crew were saved this morning, after
being in the rigging all night.
PORTSMOUTH, n. H., January 5.-The
United States steamer Kersage floated
off Bacon Ledge last night on rise Of
tide, and by means of warping her
hawsers. She was taken to the navy
yard, sustaining no damage whatever.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06

w. Mcclellan, st. Louis, is at the
Windsor.
L. Waters, Washington, Iowa, Ia
registered at the Windsor.
John Boulder, Memphis, Tennessee,
is stopping at the Windsor.
]. o. Quicker, Louisville Kentucky,
Is at the Lamar house.
]. A. Lsthrep, Rhode Island, Ia
booked at the Windsor.
G. w. strother, Winchester, Ken
lucky, Is a guest Of the LeGrande.
w. F. Gray, Houston J. w. Clark,
st. Louis; George Schlacter, Calves
ton; ]. Keller, New Orleans; l.. Wa
ters, Washington, Iowa; James A.
Brown, Milton, Illinois; s. s. Duben-
dorf, Terrell, Texas; j. A. Lathrop,
Rhode Island; Charles EastoD, Ken
lucky; Z. II. Walker, Springfield, Ken
lucky; p. Thatcher, Cleveland; r. p.
Barry, Boston; ID. ]. Healey, Terrell,
Texas; w. III. Barrett, New York
J Barnes, Nashville, Tennessee John
Boulder, Memphis, Tennessee; j. +.
Thompson, city; w. McClelland, st,
Louis; H. s. Stibbs, Iowa; W. H.
Dickson, New Orleans; F. ID. Ruth,
New Orleans, are among the guests
registered at the Windsor last night
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06
HERE AND THERE.
A Kiuttar Among Commercial TraV.
eiers-A Family OF "Drop Deads".
The Democrats Garry Ihs Radical
stronghold In Louisiana.


The Democrats Garry Ihs Radical
stronghold In Louisiana.
WASHINGTON, ID, O., January o.
The report OF the subcommittee on
the California case, seats wiggInton
democratic, by i've majority. Pacheoo,
republican, holds his seat under the
decision OF the supreme court OF Call,
fornia by ono majority. He received
his prind Gacie by mandamus,
Clear Spring Savings bank, OF Wash.
ington county, Maryland, closed, The
liabilities largely exceed the assets,
The committee on ways and means,
had no quorum to-day.
QUEBEC, January 5,-The city coun
ell IL In secret session. Over $500, 900
confusion In the treasurer's account.
UTICA, N. Y, January 5,--Keron
Carol, II lawyer of Rome, aged fifty
dropped dead to-day, On route to the,
funeral OF his brother, Hon. George IL.
Carroll, Of Camden, who dropped dead
Wednesday. Their father aud u broth>
er have both dropped dead also.
New YORK, January 5.-The suit
against Mr.. Tilden, TO recover his in.
come tax, was called this morning, In
the United States district court, and
WAS postponed until Saturday next, on
account Of Mr.. Tilden's counsel being
engaged in the Erie case.
SHREVEPORT, January 5.-Wise
democrat, beat Looney, republican, for
the seat In the legislature made vacant
by General McMillan's resignation,
who has been appointed pension agent.
The negroes bolted the republican
nominee.
New YORK, January 5.-The action
of several merchants in this city, with
view OF doing away with the present
system OF commercial travelling, or
selling goods by samples, caused II
hutter among those who have been
engaged in this class of work. One
traveller, on being asked what he
thought OF the movement, said, ~
think 1t will be suicidal for New York,
az other cities will then make more
strenuous efforts to get trade and good
travellers will seek those cities for and
obtain employment, being known to
customers and be able to get trade IA
well for one house AS for another,
Travellers who have q lengthy list of
customers will not long be idle"
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06

Washington letter in the Elizabeth
town News: Colonel A. &. Boone our
old frontier friend, has been confirmed
as agent for the Ponta tribe of Indians,
and will leave for the reservation in n
few days. He has rooms Just across
the street from us, and near by are the
rooms of two head chiefs of the Creeks
and we four have passed some pleas
ant evenings in the enjoyment OF the
game of old sledge The chiefs are fond
Of the game, and play 1t very well,
They are agreeable companions, and
seem to be good natured and of kindly
disposition. One is educated, and
speaks English like native. The
other has not acquired much knowl-
edge OF our Language, but when he
feels like game he knocks at our door
and Gays, "Kentuckee. come-high,
low, Jackp They are both religious,
and OF course the games are simply for
amusement. Gambling Ia not vice
of their tribe. They are here In an Of
fetal capacity al delegates, and get the
very comfortable allowance of six dol
lars per day.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06
OLD Families,

The Spanish Duke di Medina, Cell Ia
y prodigy OF ancestry. He Ia four times
a duke, eight times marquis, aud six
times count, without reckoning MI
nor h0noIs. An ancestor OF Medina>
Coli boosted that he came by lineal
descent from the family Of the Virgin
Mary. In consequence OF this as
sumption, he preserved in the most
conspicuous place OF his principal
drawing room picture representing
Medina-Celi OF the Herodian period in
the act of saluting hat In hand, the
Holy Virgin. The latter IL depicted,
according to the style OF art Of the pc.
riod, with ribbon issuing from her
mouth, inscribed with the courteous In
junction, "Put on your hat, nay
cousin" In former days there used to
he picture in the chateau OF the
French ducal family OF Lewis lin other
spelling, Leviv ia which Noah is
shown to us entering the ark with his
miscellaneous following. Among the
human beings 10 gentleman with
deed'box under his arm, inscribed with
the legend, "Papers relating to the
Lewis family ~ That must be said to
cap the Duke oil Medina Coli.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06
ALover of coffee.

An Italian statuette.seller, going on
his rounds in the Paris streets and carry
ing tray of plaster casts on his head,
stumbled upon wellSstutled portfolio
lying in the road. As it contained
$500 in bank notes, it was u perfect
bonanza to a gamin. What could he
not buy with it2 But there was one
thing for which he cared above all Others.
1t was strong coffee His first thought
was that he could drink dozen cups of
COTE day, if he chose. He rushed into
cafe and swallowed one after another,
six of Gambetta's fatorite "mazagrans"
and nine "glorias cups of strong cot,
fee with liquor. The next day he paid
a second visit to the restaurant and in.
dulged in a fresh debauch; and he re-
turned on the following day to order
coffee with the same recklessness His
continued revelry excited the suspic>
ions of the police, and he was finally
arrested. Ten bank notes were found
in his pockets. A hundred francs had
lasted him several days and he was
evidently congratulating himself on
having resources wherewith he could
buy and drink gallons of strong coffee
during the winter.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06
NOTES AND OPINIONS.

All the Washington hotels, save one,
are losing money.
Brigham Young's widows are Begin
ming to marry again.
A Catholic girl of Chicago has mar
ried and become Jewess.
A petroleum excitement is prevail
ing In Lawrence county, Kentucky.
Boston brokers offer silver in sums
to suit at one.half OF one per cent. dis
count.
Coal of fine quality sells In Pope
county, Arkansas, at fifteen cents per
bushel.
The winters OF 1878, lSi7 8, 1878,
were remarkably mild in their tenn
persture.
The blue ribbon is worn by more
than two thousand citizens OF Paducah,
Kentucky.
The Wetumpka New Joax, an Ala
bama paper, has sensibly changed its
name to the Times.
The speaker OF the South Carolina
house Of delegates Is young man Of
twenty-seven.
Archibald Gordon, of Granville,
North Carolina, is the father OF twen-
ty-seven SONS, by one wife.
The flowers ON Brigham Young's
grave are blooming just the same AS III
he had never been married.
Belknap was not republican at
first, but he made a very good one
after he had got his hand In.
The New Hampshire republican
state convention will meet January 8,
TO ratify Chandler's action.
There has been large falling of In
exports Of produce In Philadelphia this
year, especially breadstufls.
A little boy OF six plunged into the
river at Rochester, and saved his three
year.old sister from drowning.
Most Of the spectators who fall for
big amounts ia Wall street are parve.
nus from other cities aud states.
Several large dry goods establish.
ments in Pittsburg have hired private
detectives to keep an outlook for shop
lifters.
The New Iberia Oa) Sugar Bow
thinks that the loss Of cane by the latl
freeze has been exaggerated, and esti
mates the damage at not over ten pc
cent
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06

| went back 10 Richmond 10 get my
orders aud 10 20 into service again.
Prices were pretty high IN Richmond
In those days, aud they were charging
S7b day at the hotels. Being the
modest colonel OF u Kentucky regl.
ment, oonldn't stand that very long,
and 80 set out 10 hunt boarding
house. The frat one | was sent 20 was
Mrs, Robinson, and | soon arranged
10 take board with her. The morning
that / commenced | went down 60
breakfast. She, OF course, introduced
me- To her other boarders, three gem
llemen, who were seated Mt the table.
Those three gentlemen We're Colonel
Porter, now governor OF Tennessee;
General Holiday, now governor OF
Virginia, and Beverly Tucker, the
leading representative OF Virginia now
In congress. We were none of us In
particularly good spirits, but we all
soon became fast friends. We little
expected, though, that In less than
fifteen years three OF us would be gov
ernors OF states and the fourth menu
Der OF congress.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1878-01-06
An Aged Pair for RnIe.

Two old people will he sold on
Thursday next at the church door Of u
parish In Quebec, incumbered with q
farm, to the highest bidder. They
handed over their property to their
children, on condition that so long as
the old people lived those children
should lodge and board them wash
and mend their clothing; furnish them
with outer garments and linen, shoes.
and head-dresses, all suited to their
condition; take them TO divine ser.
vice on Sundays and feast days and
bring them home; place a horse and
vehicle at their disposal on demand
fetch and fee the priest and doctor
when desired; keep In good order the
best bed reserved for them until the
death OF the survivor; allow them &C.
cess to all buildings and lands they
may wish to enter; satisfy all their
necessary wants, spiritual or corporal,
and In times OF sickness furnish them
with due Injuries and finally, at their
death, bury them In the parish GENE.
terry, provide an ordinary funeral ser.
vice and a memorial service at the
end Of the year, besides having ten low
masses chanted for the repose OF their
souls. The new pppsessors OF the
property failed, and now the proper y
Is offered for sale subject TO the charges
In the deed OF donation.