The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1878-01-16
House, Farm and Garden.
uANAGEMENr OF DAIRY COWS.
NJ GEORGE GARDNER.

aunts when on a visit, and with my dear old
grandmothers who were tirst-class butter.
makers, and sent, the one about 800 pounds
per week to London, and the other about 500
pounds in the summer and less by great deal
In the winter, but then our winters lasted only
three mouths. The butter made by my grand
mothersin May, june and July would be about
it got less till December, SO that the avera e
was about that stated. The average yield in
both diaries was, as nearly as could be, nine
pounds per COW during the three best months
and seven pounds per COW for nine months.
Durham, and almost oil the cows in the Mid
land Counties Of England at that time, were
grades having, some of them, dashes of Here
ford, while towards Gloucester and Worcester
shire there were many 'long horns.'
At that day the Alderney COWS were here and
there all over England, and many farmers
would have one or two for the sake of giving
Q better color to the butter, aud then, although
these COWS were very plain, light. feshed ami
mails they give as much milk as the best OF the
herd and at that time really believe no heifer
or COW coming from the Channel Islands ever
gave less than ten quarts at milking, and
quite as rich as it is now. There were no
theories OF any account in those days. The
heiter calves from the best mixers were raised
and the butter from all the largest diaries
went to London.
Ona Systematically well managed dairy farm
the dairy COWS have their pasture field unmo-
Tested by other stock, and during the time the
cows Craze it no other animals are allowed to
be in it to pick out the best grass or cause the
pasture to become too short. Many years ago,
among the cows, but this made fat horses and
lean cows with falling off in the milk Not
content with this, whenever the dairy COWS of
neighbor of his, who dickered and was al
ways buying and selling, happened to have
good pasture, this man would come and talk
al, n cov,oo 1ose
that the grass was soon gone and the mich
COWS would give less than half the milk they
would have done had no extra stock been
bought Thus it happened that all he gained
by the cattle this nclghbor persuaded him to
buy, was more than lost in the dairy cows.
Cows which arc treated we'll and given good
fresh grass will, if properly selected, always
hold on to uniform full quantity. The dairy
man OF the present day would do much better
TO stick to one good system, such as raising
heifer calves from the best mixers and doing
it on sweet skim milk, which can be done
without making less butter. Every man should
also use good bull and always be sure his
dam was first-class mixer. E*
There are many old and stupid ideas on diff
ierent subjects connected with COWS, which
it's quite time were forever done with I
have proved that pumpkin seeds do no harm
and that pumpkins are wonderful help to
mich COWS all through the latter part of sum-
mer and right on into the autumn and bv
protecting them under some straw in the barn
they can be used till Christmas. Ihave proved
that turnips and cabbagcs will spoil any but
ter and all the remedies are of no account. and
it is especially silly to think it makes the
slightest difference whether turnips or any
other bad tasting feed is given just before or
after any time; If these go into the stomach, it
does not matter when.
Hollow horn and tail evil have known for
forty or more years to be imaginary diseases,
and the belief IS onfQrfn hyyf hA ooloe
OF uneducatcd men who suppose the moon has
influence on potatoes set at certain stages and
will spoil pork picked at such quarter. And
oil! can it be 1877 when several men declare
that the moon actually curls up shingles put
on roof of any house or other buildings when
the nights are dark. But this is going from
the original subject. Whenever cows have
good food and plenty of it, they will give good
milk and plenty of it.. so that there is nothing
to do but learn what is good food and keep the
COWS healthy. Grass before it has seeded, is
good, provided that there is not among it, any
garlic or any other bad-havored herbage; but
OF all pasture the old grass fields, which were
never plOwed or have not been for, at least,
twenty years, are the best, and the blue grass,
the white clover and all the dwarf, thlck-set,
natural grasses are the best.
In winter, hay made from grass cut when
young, nice, green corn fodder, bran and
meal mixed, carrots, bects, and any grain
sweet and either ground or boiled are good
but as FAR as my experience goes, and it runs
over fifty odd years, cutting chat and cooking
away; for, excepting where it is not conven-
lent to grind grain or corn, it is not worth
while to boil as the saliva is the best moisture
and to get it wetted with saliva the cows have
to masticate thoroughly, in which case nobody
can deny the food must do the most good
Cows should be MIXED by the same mixers,
and at the same time every morning and even
ing, although many covctous, over-reaching
people contrive to have men milk late at night
that the milking might be done after days
work on the farm is over. The care of the
milk and churning is comparatively easy if the
cows are properly cared for, and the right cows
are raised and kindly treated.
A new method Of testing milk has been de-
vised by DR.. Julius Lehman, and meets with
OF the milk to be tested, is diluted with an
equal quantity of water, and poured out in
thin layer on the surface Of a porous, but very
close grained, earthenware slab. The water
in which the milk sugar, albumen and part
of the salts are held in solution, is quickly alb
sorbed by the earthenware, leaving the whole
OF the fat and caseine on the surface of the slab
in the form of a thin skin which can easily be
removed with knife or spatula, and dried for
examination: Recourse to the ether process
ent, and consequently of the other solid con-
stituents also, and for the proportion of those
with the water quality. The whole process
can be finished in couple of hours, and num-
Der of samples can be operated on at once,
without any extra trouble.
The signs of a good working OK are: long
head, broad and level between the eyes, and the
eye full, keen and pleasant; forward legs
not peaked; and the distance short between
the ankle and the knee; these properties enable
an OK to travel on hard roads; If the animal