The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1878-02-08
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Death OF Pope Plus En-.
.Ross. February 7--1:I0 Z. M.--Thc Pope
has passea into the death.agony. His death
is momentarily expected.
LATEsr--DEAD.
The Pope died at, 8 o'clock r. NJ.
BIOGRAPHY OF THE DECEASED.
pins TX. fGioyanni Maria Mastai Fer
retttl was born in Sinigaelia, May 10, 1892.
He was SON OF Count Giroiamo SolaZzi. In
his eleventh year he was sent to college at
yolterra, and in 1905 went to Rome TO pur-
sue his ecclesiastical studies. During the
French occupation he retired to Sinigaglia,
hut in 1914 returned to the capital, and in
December. 1918, received holy orders. In
1898 he visited Chill In company with the
apostolic delegate, Monsignor Muzi, ana
passed two years at Santiago, employed in
preaching and instrncting. Returning to
Rome in December, 1925, he received from
Leo XII. the appointment OF president OF
the hospital OF st. Michael, where he re-
NAMED about year and a half. In 1927 he
was created archbishop. OF Spoieto. Here
he founded ain asylum for orphans, modelled
somewhat after the plan OF one over which
he had presided in Rome before his mission
to South America. During the disturbances
OF 1881 he induced four thousand insur-
gents who had taken refuge in Spoleto to
surrender to the Papal authorities, and at the
same time was entrusted cd interim with the
civil administration OF the provinces OF Spo-
leto and Perugia. In 1882 he was transfer
red 20 the see OF Imola, and in December,
1889, created cardinal, his appointment be-
ing reserved in petto until December, 1910.
His residence at Tmola was signalized by the
Sn, Anfjn ~ pnI1pra for ecclesiastical
students, asylums for orphans OF both sexes,
and a house for female penitents under the
Sisters of the Good Shepherd. On the death
OF Pope Gregory XVI. the conclave chose
him Pope, june 16, 1876, after session OF
forty-eight hours, and on the next day he
was proclaimed under the title Of Plus IN.
The election OF man Of such known
liberal sentiments was hailed with universal
acciamation. On July 10th he published q
general amnesty to political offenders, and
Immediately afterward applied himself with
great diligence to reforming the adminiStra-
ton, lowering the taxes, granting conces-
sions for railroads and similar improve
ments, opening public Offices to laymen, and
stimulating manufactures and agriculture.
lie visited the hospitals and other public
institutions in disguise in order to detect
whatever faults might exist in their man
agement, and made his appearance in the
streets on foot and without pomp. In No
ycmber, 1S47, he called together council Of
State composed of delegates from the pro-
vinces. The enthusiasm excited by his lib
eral course extended throughout Europe
and America; and in December, 1S47, q re-
markabie meeting OF sympathy was held by
Protestant citizens IN New York. The re-
volutions OF 1913, however, soon made the
Romans dissatisfied with the moderate con-
cessions OF the Pope; and his unwilling
ness to take an active part in the Italian
campaign against Austria, though he per-
mitted body OF volunteers to march to the
frontier, increased the popular discomfort.
He issued proclamation promising q con-
stitution on liberal basis, and summoned
to the ministry the former French ambassa-
dor, Count Rossi; but on November 18th
RoSSi was aSsassinated at the door of the
council chamber; on the next day the pop
ulacc, the civic guard, the genGarmcrie, the
troops OF the line, and the Roman legion
besieged the Quirinal and forced the Pope
TO accept radical ministry; and On the
Gath, having meanwhile remained pri-
soner in his own palace, with no control
over the civil administration and little or
none over ecclesiastical affairs, he escaped,
ulSSuJSc 10 SllIpIS l'iiCsIt XXI llS GIL
OF the Bavarian minister, Count Spaur, to
Gaeta. Here be was received with great
honor. The King and Queen Immediately
sailed from Naples to meet him, and per-
suaded him to abandon his original purpose
OF accepting the hospitality Of Spain. De-
carations of attachment and sympathy, and
presents OF money, were poured upon him
from all quarters of the world. He immedi-
ately issued protest against the acts OF the
revolutionary government, and on Febru-
airy IS, 1949, called upon the Catholic
Powers, particularly France, Spain, Aus
tria, and Naples, for armed assistance. On
the same day the Roman Constituent AS
sembly declared the Inauguration OF re-
public and the deposition of the Pope from
his temporal authority. On April 25th a
French force landed Mt Civita Vecchia and
marched upon Rome, while the Austrians
invaded the northern and the Spaniards the
southern provinces. Rome capitulated July
1st, and the government was entrusted to q
papal commission, a consuta OF State, q con-
suIta for finances, and provincial councils.
The Pope returned to his capital in April,
1850. He declared partial amnesty, but
his progressive tendencies had been tho
roughly checked. Shortly after his restora-
ton he published u brief restoring the Ro-
man Catholic hierarchy in England-a mea-
sure which provoked violent outburst OF
popular feeling and led TO an act Of Parlia.
ment iorbidding the Catholic bishops to
assume their titles. In 1854 he invited the
bishops from all parts OF Christendom to
meet at Rome, and with their consent for.
mally defined the doctrine OF the immacu.
late conception TO be dogma Of the Catho.
lie faith. The ceremony took place in st.
Orb nthnr irn,onrtan
ecclesiastical acts OF his pontiticate have
been the conclusion OF concordats with
Spain QS51), Baden 1854, and Austria
1850, and the foundation at Rome Of Eng.
iish and American colleges for students Of
theology. At the time OF the treaty OF Viii
lafranca, after the Italian war OF 1859, it was
proposed by the Emperors OF France and
Austria to favor confederation OF the TIA,
liam States under the honorary presidency
OF the Pope, but the project was soon aban.
doned. In the mean time a revolution had
commenced in the Papal territories, and on
July 18th and December It'll, 1859, his Ho.
illness addressed notes to the diplomatic
body complaining Of the-part taken by Sar'
DINA in these movements, and asking the
assistance OF foreign Powers in behalf OF
his temporal authority. On October 1st the
Sandman charge d'aflaires at Rome re.
ceiyed his passport. On December I'd the
Pope addressed letter to the French Em.
peror refusing to take part in the proposed
European congress unless the Emperor re.
cognized the integrity Of the Papal States
as defined by the treaties Of 1916. Napo
leon replied by advising the surrender o.
the Romagna as the only possible solution
OF the Italian question, and the Pope pub
lished, January 10, 1860. an encyclical letter
explaining bis reasons for rejecting the EN-
peror's advice. This was followed, March
18th, by bull Of accommodation agains
all persons concerned in the invasion and