The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1878-01-11
Agricultural Department.
CONDUCTED by ALBERT CHAPMAN
Anatomy Of the Cows Hay.

tnc diseases Wnlcn so frequently attack
that organ. 1t is rather strange that Sc
few dairymen understand ANYTHING
about this matter, since il is so easy t.
dissect an uddcr, and so easy to obtain
one for the purpose of any butcher. We
advise the young men of our dairy
farms to take no description of the sub
ject on trust. but to verify with thcil
pen-knives the facts we give them in re.
gard to it. As a matter of fact the COW
has distinct bag for each teat and
though they are all bound together BY
the external envelope. or skin. the out
line of each is plainly defined, when
distcnded, by the groves that divide the
bag into its four quarters" And here
let us say that it should be main OBJ
ject, in the breeding of dairy cows, to
obtain symmetrical bag. one in which
the quarters are not only Of large deycl-
opment, but also of equal size. A
''squarc bag" is the ideal of the AYR
shire breeders; and so far as this looks
To an equal development oi the forward
quarters. that is right. But the AYR
shire men. at least some ol them, insist
upon Il square bottom to the bag, and
as this seems always to be accompan-
led with short tcats. we canuot but re-
gard Il somewhat cOnical shape 10 each
quarter. with lis accompanying longer
teat, as practically best.
The four quarters of the bag are each
entirely distinct and separate, SO far as
their internal structure is concerned
beginning with the large cavity Of the
tcat, and going upwards in the ,li-scc-
ton, we shall find this cavity opcmup
into number of others. At the cXtcr-
nal orifice of the teat, and also at the
opening. or point of branching, of each
of the larger passages Us we work up-
wards. there is Il narrowing. or constric-
ton. These constructions the COW has
the power TO close mt will, and thus re-
tain the contents of the tubes or cayi-
ties abovc-the same power that all an
imals have over the opening of the
bladder. SO Il COW is able to .'hold up
her milk, and She will always do this
unless the parting with it is made pleas
ant to her, and just in proportion rs il
is made pleasant. Naturally, she only
gives down" her milk to feed her calf.
But the dairy COW is an artificial crea-
ture, usually deprived Of her calf at
birth, or soon after, and bred 10 Weld
milk largely and continuously. She
therefore. SO to speak, has to adopt Il
calf, in the shape of the mixer, To re-
lipve her of This abundant cnrrct;n,,
But the dairy COW is NOT onlv nm or,;
fetal croo,,iro sLo l. nls '' -
creature; and if her nervous system is
irritatcd, either by harshness or rough
handling, or by a slow and bungling
way of milking, she will not completely
relax the muscles which keep back the
flow from the upper parts OF the bag.
The result is thai fine COW cannot he
cleanlv millnd - mort;o,, ,.o,,ai,,s o, ~
this is not only the richest nortion Of
the milk. but lis remaining il, thc Ln,, :.
taken bv nature as n notification that 80
much milk is NOT wanted Inv rho or,iGY
cial calf that left if. and tl,c snrrot;nn i
consequently reduced Tins tLc nm
skilled mixer dries of the COW, lie
not ONLY reduces the yicld of thn cow.
herself. but hc helms ~ rcturn bor ,ud
all her future oflsprino lo that stotc ofi
nature in which The COW vicldeI Incl
enough. and Welded If inst lnnn nnoH"h
for the wants of her calf. The rcsnjf i,
that a badly MIXED COW i nor nnl,.
spoiled. but her hoifer c,lvos oro nnri
injured for dairy purposcs. Continnou.
careless MILKING will snoil thn nrodnc-
tivencss IF my brood ana on ,l,o ,,,i,,,
hand careful milkino i - vow imnnr.
.ali. eici'lch' ~ ueVciopihg ihc produc-
'l.cncss oi oreco or 'aihlly OF DAIRY
'o W.. an.
,:. iit '''''N 'i'pcs Vi 'le u'lder continue
uiViiinS ana prai'cilhg upwards IKE
me liihoS Oh Tree or b'lsh. Tie nlli-
lni'c DrancheS' or sprays, 80 to speak,
arc ehNeiopcd III Inc equally or more
minute orhi'ches' or sprays, OF the
pioo1-Vc-NelS Ih'i supply the organ with
pioon.
Al thc coats OF thc body, not only the
skil, upon me outside but that portion
Oh tiic skih 'ha' Is ioldcd inward, rs at
inc mouth ana hostrlis, ana at The open
ing OF inc cow 'eais.all these coats or
coverings nave FOR their outside layer a