The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1878-02-15
rha Rone nend.
kansas CIty Daily journal, Feb. 3.

Is announced IN our Lelegr2pllc col
umns, as having occurred at the Va
tician, in Rome, at 40 minutes past
u O'Clock, p. M, Thursday, Feb. z.
Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti,
who for thirty-two years has filed
the chair of st. Peter as Pope Plus
TX, was the scion of q noble Italian
family, and born at Sinigaglis, May
Ii, 1892. He was originally intend
ed for the military profession; and
went to Rome to enter the Papa1
guard, but showing signs of an cpl
leptic tendency he changed his pur-
pose and became q student of theol-
ogy. After completing his studies
and receiving holy orders, he re-
NAMED some time in Rome and took
an active part in the various import
ant works of charity, which gave
him a high reputation for intelli-
geuce and energy. This reputation
led TO his selection by Plus VII. to
| I'll q mission to the government of
Chilli, South America, where he act
ed as '1auditor" to Monsignor Muge,
the vicar apostolic of that republic.
Equally faithful and successful in
| this position, he was, on his return,
made domestic prelate of Leo XII,
and president of the OspiZio of San
| Michele. In 1929 he was made arch
bishop of Spoieto, and in 1886 was
sent as apostolic nuncio to Naples,
where he distinguished himself by
his efforts to mitigate the rsvages of
the cholera, then raging there. The
| Neapolitans still retain a grateful
recollection of his self-sacrificing
services in their behalf in those ter
rible days. In 1910 he was created
cardinal archbishop of ImOla, where
much political disaf1ection existed ;
but he displayed such wisdom and
skill in reconciling differences and
healing discussions, coupled with
such liberaiity of sentiment, that
peace and prosperity were speedily
restored to the district.
Pope Gregory XVI. died June l,
1916, and on the 10th of the same
month Cardinal Ferretti was elect
ed by reclamation as his successor.
AS soon as practicable after his con-
secration Plus TX. set about the
| introduction of certain reforms in
the administration of affairs which
experience and observation had con-
yinced him were necessary as well
as desirable. His intention was to
establish the papal government on a
firm, and yet, at the same time, pop
ular basis; and during the brief pc
Rod that events permitted him to
follow this programme, he not only
accomplished many highly valuable
results, but endeared himself great
~ to the people. But the French
revolution OF 1S4S gave such a tre-
mendous impetus to republication
| throughout Italy, that the pope feit
compelled to adopt a more conserv-
alive course, which naturally dimin-
ished his popularity at once. The
reactionary policy precipitated the
inevitable crisis. On the 10Th of
November, IS49, Count Rossi, the
papal minister and adviser, was as
sassinated in Rome, and few days
later the pontiff was obliged to take
refuge in the Quirinal palace, from
W hence he left the city and estab-
lished his court at Gaeta, the first
town in Neapolitsn territory. From
Gaeta he sent, November 9th, an
ordinance to Rome, declaring void
all the acts of the new government.
He also addressed a formal remon-
STRANGE to all the Catholic soVer-
eigns of Europe, but neither ordi-
nance nor remonstrance produced
| immediate practical fruit. In April,
1S49, however, the fruit came. A
French force landed at Civita Vec-
CHA, under command of General
Oudinot, advanced on Rome, then
held by native troops led by Carl
baldi, and after siege of thirty days
captured the city and placed within
it an army of occupation. The pa
pal government was reinstated, but
the pope did not re-enter Rome I'M
til April II, 1850. For some years
his rule met with no serious OBJ
struction, but in 1859 and 1860
changes in European politics tended
to materially weaken the temporal
power of the holy see, and in Sep
TENDER, 1860, the Sandman troops
entered the pspsl territory and took
possession of Pesaro, Fano, Urbina,
Perugis, and Spoleto. On the 18th
of the month named Ancona surren-
dered, which left of the States of
the Church only Rome, CiVita Vec-
CHA and some districts occupied by
the French army. The troubles
thus begun continued with various
notifications until 1870, when they
culminated in the withdrawal of
the French troops from the pontifi-
cisl dominions, which prepared the
way for the immediate occupation
of Rome by the Sandman army I'M
der Gen. Cadorna, which event oc-
Cured on the 10th of September.
The browning act of the unifica ion
OF Italy extinguished the temporal
authority of the papacy, and left Pr
us TX only a sovereign in spiriLu-
al sense. AS he could not abandon
his prerogaiiVes, or compromise
what he believed to be the inaliens-
BILE rights of his high Office, he has
never recognized the present Italian
government, and has remained a
self-confined prisoner in the Vsti-
can; receiving there as g cOmpensa-
ton for his affections, the united and
enthusiastic homage of the whole
Catholic world.
The most interesting eeclesIastical
acts of the deceased pope were the
division of England into Catholic
diOceses, in 1850; the formal defini-
ZION of the doctrine of the immacu-
late conception of the Virgin Mary,
December 8, 1854; the publication
of the famous Encyelical and SyIla-
bus, Dec. B, '64 the cannonization OF
the Japanese martyrs; and last and
most important of ali, the congok-
ing of the Gcumanical council of
the Vatican by .papal bull, dated De-
cember 8, 1S67-which BODY held
fits first session in st. Peters Deem
Der 8, 1869. This council which sus-
pended its meetings on the 18th of
July, 1870, in consequences of the in
vasOn of Rome by the forces of Vic
tor Emsnuel-put forth the follow
ing definition of the dogmas of the
infallibility of the head of the Cath
Ollie church.
We teach and define that It is a dogma
divinely revealed: That the Roman pom
tid, when he speaks eE- cGthedrG-that is,
when in discharge OF the office OF pastor
and teacher OF all Christians, by virtue CT
his apostolic authority, he defines doc
Tune regarding faith or morals to be held
by the Universal Church-is, by the di-
vine assistance promised To him in the
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