davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07
GENERAL SHERMAN, in his address at IL

GENERAL SHERMAN, in his address at tn
reunion of the soldiers of Ohio, uttered thes
significant words " Some of us old soldier,
almost begin to feel that the cause for which
we fought is in peril, and some of us feel
that our country is sinking back into tina
Indifference that preceded the civil war
from which nothing will bring it out bu
civil war. There is a contest going on il
this world at all times. We should meet
this as peaceful citizens, so that war MAY
not again become possible" Warnings lik'
this should not be passed unheeded by any
citizen. When we look at what is now tax
ing place in South Carolina we cannot re.
sist the conclusion that danger is to be ap
pretended from the union of the " Solid
South " with the democracy of the North
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

washington county Nomthduohs'
T.. e.. WIN 2. DILLINGHAM, Waterbury.
TUT 0on''o'S ALBERT DwISELL, Of Calais.
-. H. PHILANDER RIFoRD, OF Warren.
ASS ''"uses JAMES A. CoBuRN, East Montpelier,
Judge Of Probate-HARvEy TILDEN, of Barre.
States Attornev-FRANK PLUMLEY, OF Mortified.
Sherff-JoHN l.. TuTrLE, Of Montpelier.
High Bailiff-GEoRGE q. BoYCE OF fayston.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07
TnE tyranny Of strikes was exemplified

THE tyranny of strikes was exemplifed
by the conduct of the late Washington mob,
which prevented laborers from working at
such wages as they please. In this case the
strikers were outside parties, as they are
very apt to be, and compelled the laborers to
stop work. If mob can establish the price
of labor, and say when men shall work and
when they shall not, then it is idle to talk OF
freedom in the United States.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

A COMFORTING VIEw.-In the statement
Of the exports of provisions from United
States ports during the month of June,
1878, furnished by the Bureau of Statistics,
beef figures at s,235,766 pounds, and $685.
593; pork at 4,99i,325 pounds, s2SI,S52 +;
hams, 2S,256,02S pounds, S2,207,3l7; bacon,
l0,5l3,4l4 pounds, S775,l63; lard, PATIO
III pounds, Sl,S9i,Sfl, aud tallow at 2,Sl9,-
S37 pounds, and S7l2,l77. No wonder buy
srs of American provisions in foreign mar
kets are learning to look towards America
as a land of abundance. After supplying
all the rest of the world we have still more
than enough left to satisfy our own wants,
and when the country is sufficiently edu-
Gated to make tariff that will develop
manufactures, so that we can produce at
home more of the goods that we consume,
aud consume at home more of the provi-
'ions we grow, the United States will be the
richest and strongest country on the face of
the globe.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

MoRrrowS.- village schools commence
August 9th we are informed. The law bust
ness is rather brisk with us. There has been
three lawsuits here within short time, with a
good prospect OF more soon. d, Mrs John Nc
Caffry lost "A horse sometime the past week by
sickness Potatoes are going 10 be one dollar a
bushe this season, some predict There will be
a horse trot ON the fair ground In Waitsfied Fri
day, August 9th
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

1nE state prison eonycts at Concord, observes
the Lowell Courier, are setting good example,
for two hundred and fifty OF them are thrown out
OF work by the late fire, and not word of COM
plant from any Of them.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

Corrections. -Messrs. Editors: In my letter
Of July 9th, relating to county politics and can
didates, there was an error as To the majority of
Mr. Dillingham; in 1876 1t was given as " about"
two hundred and fifty, from recollection only. BY
going to the records, find the true figures to be
one hundred ninety-three. The other figures are
substantially correct most cheerfully and will
lingly make the correction Yours truly
ID, HOPKINS
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07
For Governor,
REDFIELD PROCTOR, Of Rutland.
For Lieutendnt- Governor,
EBEN P. COTTON, Of lrasburgh,
For Treasurer,
JOHN A. PAGE, Of Montpelier.

For Members Of Congress,
First District-CIIARLES II. JOYCE of Rutland.
Third Dstrict-WlLLIAM W CIRCUIT, of Barton.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

THE Liberals in the British Parliament
have attacked the Berlin treaty with bold.
ness and vigor. But, after all that can be
said of the treaty as brought about by OBJ
jectionable means, and as imposing new and
troublesome responsibilities upon the British
government, the whole civilized world may
be congratulated upon the new guarantee
for religious liberty and progress that have
been thereby secured. The prosecutions
which have so long been the opprobrium OF
the Ottoman Empire must henceforth cease
1t may be hoped also that there will be
larger degree of religious liberty in Russis
Greek church will no longer prosecute dissent
ers from her communion, of whatever faith
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

THE American show in the Paris EXPOSE
ton is far from what it should be, but it is
pleasant to hear that in the educational re.
port the United States will stand very high.
Mr.. Philbrick, our representative, found
great difficulty in securing a proper recogni-
ton of our higher institutions for women
Mount Holyoke, Wellesley, Vassar, ETC., be-
ing mysteries to the foreign jurors who
could hardly be disabused of the idea that
these American women's schools were of
small consequence. But when convinced to
the contrary, they were warm in admiration
and Mr.. King says that the wife of the Aus
trian juror, woman of extraordinary talent
is to prepare a report for her countrywomen
on woman's higher education in America
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

The table shows an increase of l,243,423
acres in one fiscal year. The same figuring
for Kansas shows an increase of 1,35O,47S
acres; for Minnesota, 76l 1856 acres, and for
Nebraska, 363,263 acres; making grand
total in these four localities alone of 2,724,-
$40 acres. Reports show that this business
is going on, and that the settlers are doing
well. The colonies that went to Kansas and
Dakota from New York, through the instru-
mentality of John Kelly, about 1000 strong,
and those that went from Baltimore and
Philadelphia, indianapolis and Boston, are
prospecting beyond their expectations.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

THERE has been made some fee hundred
cheeses at the West River cheese factory at South
Londonderry, that weigh some sixty pounds each
this season. The survey Of the narrow gauge
ia completed The highest elevation between
Bmttleboro and Wilmington is in Marlboro
& Co. : paper mill is Just now running only half
time owing 10 lack Of orders. The Esteys are
now making two hundred organs per week
Rev NJ. IL. Harris, Of Br1tieboru, has just fin
shed his ninth year as pastor OF the UNIVERSAL
ist society
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1878-08-07

CARL, the ten-yoar-old son Of widow S. Smith,
of Royalton had one OF his legs cut of by train
the other day, necessitating amputation above the
knee, Elhanan Goodnow, OF Springfield, had
green corn and shelled beans the I'D ult, that he
raised himself this year. The listers of Nor
witch found fifty men upward Of seventy years
old . DR. David 5. Morse has discovered a vein
situated In the northern part Of Pomfret that he
thinks Is rich In tin specimen taken from
another locality upon being tested exhibited very
fair per centage OF nicke, aud the vein from which
il was taken seems to be inexhaustabe Bust
meas at the White River Mining Works In Bethel,
is progressing rapidly, the building, forty by sixty
feet, IN the main, is up aud nearly covered, and
the foundations In II are nearly completed for the
furnace, trip-hammer and engine. which are ex-
pecied upon the ground the present week.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02

rung In | rvlllnge. anl the poor woman. Il yiny skeleton, was nursed and peitod
 wcrybndy Nioirg with her neiglbor Ia lavish every good t'Ilng upon her-iiniil her weakened mi id recovered It's tonc a ain. X she constantly ussertcd she hnd never rros-ci river, it was sup posed she wandered into Canada, and. going uroulI the Connecticut nt its source, or c.o sing where lt wns brook lei, assed down on the New Hampshire side ill she rrnchc n location inst op- postc that from which she slartcd.-- When she began to grow strong again. her nIln,l rrcurrrd continually 10 tho grave in the wilderness. She described l0 her husband itS surroundings, and ho went out to look for 1t, bul without sue cpss. Az soon ua S!.e WIS ublc, she went out with him and other friends to the scar,'lI, hut the baby's grave was never found. Ii was hou,ht very strange that Mr4. Harris, in all her wlndcrings. never mot rowing Indian, but go Il WIS. Tho Indian tribes had, perhaps, mostly dls- appeared from New England tince the French and Indian war, but however that might be, the first human being whom she met after the burial of her infant. strange as iL may seem was in the streets of Charicstown. This singular
 legend has descended to the writer from un ancestor Of hers, who was the third child born in the town of Rockingham, Vt; and the story Is an undoubted fact.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
ABoY's COMPOSITION 0N PARENTS.

Parents are born to hc great trouble to their offspring. When l was ever so little, remember, I tried to hang up the kitten by my whip lash, and mother took the ki'tCn away, boxed Ely ears, and wcHt and drowned it herself the next day. So she La l all the fun her self And fathers worse than mother. He told me 10 take care of the pennies and the dollars would take care of thcin- selves so I and Ben Smith formed m Anti-Swcarin% Club. We had a rule Tor every prOrane word we used we should pay cent into the treasury. We had scycnty-iive cents in tho first day, but when we diri,lc,l. and fetched thirty seven anal half cents home, father said it was q bad business, whipped me and broke up tl!e Club. How is fellow to know when h. is doing right If l had no parents t1 hound me round I'd beat George Washington all holler, for I'd cut down every cherry tree ill the garden and own il, too. If was an or plan, know wsat I'd do; Ben Smith and me woulI go straight to dcsolate South Sea ISiand and stir up tho goats iad monlls ys and things, fry toad-stool<, eat oranges a spell, then we'd mako a shi and sail around the world. Whats the use of drying up in one place? l tul mother, ono day, when she wouldn't give me ten cents. that l meant to SoR- whaling, and I hoped whale would swallow me, as one did Jonah, and then she wouldn't never sec me again, for can't swim. She said I wouldn't be likely to make such visit, for l would turn the whales stomach mighty quick after got there. Wasn't she bully? II were parent know what I'd do--If keep still and mind my own business. and let lny children have some fun. There's Tom Cutts lives with hiI aunt, and has ,s bully time. He goes wood-chucking on Sunday, has no best clothes, crawls uii- der the canvass of every circus tent, earns money ut the theatre, sleeps in the stal.lo when he likes, and always has his pockets full of peanuts. He says he wouldn't be bothered with parents, 1T he could have 'em for nothing, and ho thinks if I hadn't any it would be money ill my pocket. Thems my sentiments.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
TALK ABOUT HEALTH.

During the damp and cold season deti- cit mt dress of the feet and legs Is q frightful source of disease. The head. throat and liver are perhaps the most frequent sufferers.
 The legs and feet arc far from the central part of the body. They are not in a great mass like the trunk, but ex- tended and cnvcloped by the atmosphere. Besides, they are near the damp, cold earth.
 For this and other reasons, they re- ouire extra covering. + we would secure the highest physiological condi- tions, we must give our eXtremities mora dress than the body. We men wear upon our legs, in the coldest season. but two thicknesses of cloth. The body has at least six.
 Women put on them four thicknesses under the shawl, which, with its various doublings, furnishes several more-then. over all, padded furs, while their legs have one thickness of cotton under a balloon. They constantly come to me about their headache, palpitation of the heart, and congestion of the liver. Yes- terday one said to me, "All my blood is in my head and chest. My head goes bumpety-bump, my heart goes bumpety- bump" I asked. How are your feet :" "Chunks of ice," she repicd. said to her. If you so dress your legs and foet that the blood can't get down into them, WI ere can it go? It can't go out visiting. It must stay in the system somewhere. Of course the head and c.iest must hayo an excessive quantity. So they go bumpetv-bulnp, and so they must go. until YOU dress your legs and feet in such way that they shall get their share of blood. In the coldest seasons of the year I leave Boston for a bit of a tour before the lyceums-soing as far as Philadelphia, and riding much in the night without an overcoat; but l give my IeTs two or three times their usual dress. During the cold weather men may wear, in addition 10 their usual drawers, a pair of chs m .fs-skin draw, IS with great ad- ,antiac. When We ride in a sleigh. or in the clrs. where do we suffer? In our legs. oi course. Give me warm legs and feet, and I'll hardly thank you for an overcoat.
 My dear madam, have you a head ache q sore throat, palIitation of the heart, congestion of the liver, or indi- gestion? Wear one, two or three pairs of warm wooden draMers two or three pairs of woolen stockings, and thick, warm shoes, with more or less reduction Il the amount of dress about your body, and you will obtain the same relief per manently that you woull derive tempor- arily from a warm foot-path." l must not forget to say that a thin layer of India-rulber ceinented upon the boot sole will to much to keep the ios- toms of our feet dry and warIn.--I DIo LEWIS. II. D.,
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
TRAVELLERS GUIDE.
PEOPLES LINE.

offer my services to the travelling public and can be found at all times read, to can,c, -ssril- gers to and from the Depot. or to sandy Hook al.d Rewtown St.
 , Charges moderate Remember the "Cior rrOr.
 GEORGE RFDSTONE.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
lIOUSAT0NIC RAILROAD.


 Passenger Trains lsavc Newtown, going North, a' i9.i7 Il in.. and 5si3 r. III. Going South, at 6.l3 snl ll.49 d. In.
 sExI,st,ss Freight Trains going North. leave at 12 D. ms and .2J pIn TilloGair Freight ct l0si5 p m. tinitg south, Milk Train at f.2i P. m sun day Mak Train at a45 ll. m.s A ss s 1d.iT q. .In. and 5.:s D. III. Trains connect a; Brookfieds Junction with trains for Danbury.- I1.tI a. nj. Train makes close connection at Stafr Line with E. X \. fast train for Allany, arriving at T ?. ni.. connecting with the popular Chicago and St. Louis Express for the West. 5iS D. I'll. Tram makes close connection at State Line for Ailany and tlpe N,Yt arriving al la3Q ?. ln. sf- Passenger Trains leave ITawltyve. going North. at l0.57 a. aud 544 P. m Going south. at 6I11 S. ni., 11.g1 l. ni., aud 4.45 r. III.
 l0.s7 T. h. anl 5.4t D. m. Trains connect at Brpakfeli Junction with trains fur Danbury; also for AIbaay and the West.
 Express Freight. gain. North. at 1aO and 70 P. Tlrough Freight 4t ln.'j ?. Ill,
 Milk Train going south. at 7.o5 T. m Sunday Milk Train at 7,Su ?. m
 Milk and Freight Trains have passenger aceomo- dation.
 Tlrough tickets sold and bs.;sase checked from Newtown for Albany Saratp.n. Philadelphia. Bal tinore and Washington also tn all points West and southwest on ale days notice.
 ss H. D. AyEIilBI.. Gieurral Ticket Agent.
 \. M BROWN, suIt.
 Bridgeport, Conn. March |. 1s7s.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
Poetry.
GIVING AND TAKING.

Wio siyra and hllrs ihr riylpE h1ud. Snr runia nn favnr ihme ,r ,rli,". 'liail ani lli' smail'tt gfi nutweighs The hurlnu uf the ,sH nd lan,l. Who giyrs tn whom lnth naught been given. Ifs .dft iu urrd, though small indeed. Az h thr grass bladct wlnd.blown .,rd. Islarlp as earth aili ri Il a- heaven. Forget it not. Q nien, tn wi0m \ gift shall full whiic yet un oarh Yea even io thy a,y umll birti Recall it in the lives to com' Who hroods above wrong iu thought Sins murh; hut greater sin k hs Who. f,d aml clothed with k.ndnrsses. Shall onunt the holy aims as nought. Who Garcs tO curse the hands that bl 'ss Shall know of sin fine dcallirrruI; Tine patience of the havcr k ln4t Brhnld.ug man uuthanlfulnrrg. For ho who breaks all law may still In SYMms merry hm :orgiytn; Bnt none can say" in arth or heaven. The wretch who auswvs oll with III.
 -Ioin z. H'bmirr.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
SAEPAUC RAILROAD.

ARRANiElil.Nr OF TRAINS. commencing on
 December $. lSI7 -: Conn 'ctinS trains icaFts Newtown at 10.47 a. m. Connect at Hawlrygile at Il lD am. Arriy1 at Litchteld at 2.lj ?. In.
 Satur lays an additional connection is made with train passing Newtown at 7.a5 I. h.. with train arriving at Litchiield at 1np. Ill. Leave Litchfcld at , T. nL. arriving at Hawley- vile at G.l5 p m Connect for Newtown ut IDS r. ln. Sunday milk train leaves Liteh6el at 4:sp u.Ill.. arrives st Hawlryyille at 7.i5 ?. m., connecting with Housatonic milk train.
 t' C. H. PLAIT.
 Supernteu,Iort
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
ADVERTISING RATES.
PUBLIC ISSTIpUg'IOES.
NEWTOWN.

as5t}Y. h& -- hEF f.t
 NEWTOWN.
 POST OFFICE
 Mails open From the south. 1190 q. III. and GOD D. m. From tlle North. l2D1 h. and G.W pm, Mails close --(iong Nuril. l0.30 t. III. and 4.4% p. Going south ll.21 Il. m. aihi 4.ii D. m.
 ..- F.R I.S. PECK, P. M.
 CHURCHES. TRINITY CHCRcu-aIain Street Rrv Newton F.. Marble. D.D rector. Services l0.30 n. m. Sunday School, F III. Aternoon scrvic" at l. CuNGGE,iArIoSAL.-A1ain Street. Rev. James T. Hoyt, pastor. SerYires, lnin a. m. Sunday S,hool, l1.4f. MtrrDnon service, l. CAruOLIC.-Man StBcGt, Rev. Father hci'artou pastor. Services, 1915 Il. h. Sunday School, l2.3O ?. m.
 s.4+t far SOCIETIES. tvr -..s.- OLIvE BR,NcH JUVENILE TEMPLE No 1i.-Pull. / nioetiIlg every Sunday aficrunnn at urln'k, in South Gentr, school HDuSG. Otiir.rE: Mrs. $. N Beers Supt.; Miss NJ. r. Peek. Sc.
 ST. PATRICK TEMPER tNCE So,1ETY.-ltcv. tal"r Jams McCarton. President: John Mooney, Vie" President: Thomas E..an, Secretary; Patrick Cain Tr.asursr.
 NEwTuwS LIBRARY As@oCIATIoS. Marcus C. Hawiey. President; Charles Brrsford, NicePrcsi- de:t; Mary F. Morgan. Treasurer: J. Frank Gillette, Secretary and Librarian. TrnstersA. Stillsdn, Edgar F. Hawlcy and Daniel u BerT.
The Newtown bee., 1878-05-02
MANUF UFACTURE ED Branchyille, Connecticut.

Merr than two hundred of these beds arr in nse in B thel and nambury, anl s0 far as We know cvsry on is giving tine m St periect satisfartion R,eslit important Improvements now nil r them lyatter than ever and We make tn Iu!lowin, sfesial offer. We viii put up any nun.br "' tiifse lszs fur five dollars each cash. anl warrant evsrs ie to give the most entir saikfartion, or r, fund the nI,,ney We will deliver thtm and ht tlirm properly anywhere within tEe tuS1ls oi E .tlisl. D3nh;I-y, BrUoSfi bI New own. IT Red ding at the shortest noiins. The pl5se has awsy IlazR seven to eight tpIlars saruriins to location The sbavr spsvial offer + iI view If the har'l tmrz. In sending orleTS Ile siyc the width oi tae hsslst'z iiisssie messGrem mt. New ta all wo want to b. nap. say. buy the BranchvIlls sfiFsng Byd. Alirs--
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1878-04-13
FARNBAKEI2, the Clothier.

AN HISTORICAL FACT.-Eyery agent
who has been steadily selling the lm-
proved $50 Homestead Sewing Machine
tor three years, owns his dwelling house
has good account In bank, is clear of
debt, and has money at Interest, the ma
tural consequence of securing good
agency for superior goods at the lowest
prices. A good ilrst-class Sewing Ma
chine, most useiul-rellable at all
times, easy TO understand and control,
the same size and does the same work
as any machines that sells at four times
the price. There Is no machine at any
price better, or that will do finer or more
work, and certainly none so low In prize
by many dollars, The Homestead is
widely known and used in thousands Of
families in the eastern and middle states,
and daily becoming popular in the west.
lt Will save its cost several times over II.
one season, DUNG the work of the family,
or will earn tour or five dollars day
for any man or woman who sews for
living. 1t is the strongest machine
made, is ready at all times to do work
makes the strongest and finest stitch yet
invented, and is fully acknowledged as
the Standard Family Sewing machine.
Price, complete tor domestic use. Re,
duced to only $40, delivered at your door,
no matter how remote you may reside.
Business permanent and honorable, with
more certain and rapid sales, and larger
profits than any other. Extraordinary
liberal offers made to local or travelling
agents where we have none established;
or, if there Is no agent near you, send
your order direct to the factory. Ad-
dress John Fl. Kendall & Co., Al Broad.
way, New York. 3>l5-l2m.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1878-04-13
Hams.
Choice Hams and Breakfast Blcon at
Pettis 4 Birds, corner OF Washington
venue and Fourteenth street. i-S-lw
Hams


Health il undeniably more precious
git than riches. honor or power, Who
would exchange it for these, the chief
objects OF human ambition! 1t IL obyi-
ousIy the part OF wisdom to employ
means for the preservation Of health and
he proIoagation OF lite which time and
8 gperirncc have proved to be reliable.
Many ol the dangers by which health ia
threatened may be nulliiied by the use OF
that most Irresistible Of cOrrectiyes and
onics, Hostetter's stomach Bilters,
which by increasing vital power and rem
dering the physical functions regular and
Give. keeps the system in good working
order and protects ii against disease.
For constipation, dyspepsia, liver "om'
plant, nervousness, kidney and rheuInat-
C ailments, it Is invaluable, and IL
affords sure defence against malarial
levers, besides removing every trace OF
such disease from the system. Halt a
wncglassiul taken before meals i'm
proves the appetite and in.ures complete
digestion aud assimilation.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1878-04-13

STATE OF ILLINOIS,
Alexander Co.,
IT, the Circuit Court OF Alexander County,
May Term, A. u. 1873.
Wood Rtts nhOuse and
Joseph Ii. Rittenhouse,
partners doing business
under the iirm name OF
"Wood RittenLouse &
Brother" 10 Attachment,
vs.. De
Samuel h. Thompson, mand 1913 4S,
john SipnOt and Nj
ward L. Gibson, IS part.
ners doing business UNI
der the firm name oi"S
- Thompson " Co."
Notice Is hereby given TO said above
med defendants that writ Of attach
ment has been sued out OF the Circuit
oolrt, at the suit of stiu plaintiffs against
tMG deieudants for said sum OF i've hum
dred thirteen and iorty-eight one hun
uredth dollars, directed to the sheriff OF
said Alexander county to execute, watch
writ has been returned by SAID sheriff exc.
cuted. Now, unless you, tue said defend
a1tt, shall personally be and appear before
ssid court on the first day of the mex term
thereof, to be holden al the court house in
the city OF Cairo, Illinois, on the third Mon
day OF May, A. b. 1878, give special bail
and plead to said action, judgment will Do
ortered against you III iavor Of said plain
| tits and the property attached sold TO sat-
| iS'y the same with costs.
JOHN A REEVE, Clerk.
GREEN Il GILBERT, Att'ys for II tbs.