davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
An Ice House.

1t is an easy matter for any person to
have an ice house, and a plenty of ice
all summer to cool his milk, butter, wa
ter, preserve his fresh meat, make ice
cream, and for various purposes in sick
ness or health. A pile of ice eight feet
square and eight feet high will be ample
in quantity for any farmers family.
For this purpose the house should be
built ten feet square and ten feet high
as sawdust should be foot thick on the
bottom, sides and top. We have used
twelveI inch joist for sills and plates,
spiked together at the corners, laid fiat.
Raise the plates ten feet high and.board
up with stuff perpendicular. Put in
side two set of four-inch studding as
Orders or stiffners of the siding Lay
loose floor so that the water melting
from the ice can escape, and be particu-
lar that it can be cleaned off from I'M
der the floor, without admitting warm
air under the ice. Fill in a foot of saw
dust on the floor, then fill in with ice.
Let care be exercised in cutting the ice
in square cakes and of an uniform size
so that they will pack closely. Build
the pile of ice one foot from the wall all
around, and let the foundation be in
clined inward, so that as the ice melts
it will slide together instead of drop
ping apart and admitting warm air.
Fill in all around between ice and wall
with saw-dust, and pack it closely
When the ice pile is eight feet high
cover it one foot thick with saw-dust.
The house can be covered with boards,
shingles, or thatch so as to keep out
the rain. The gable ends should be OPP
en- for the escape of warm air. 1t is
better if the house be built in the shade
of some friendly, wide-spreading tree.
With this cheap and simple structure,
the farmer can have plenty of ice for
a luxury all the year.-,State Register
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Rolling Wheat.

The past fall, in much of Iowa, the
ground was in bad condition for blowing
1t broke up lumpy. The fall wheat,
which was either drilled or sown broad
cast, looks as if it needed rolling We
advise, however, that no rolling be done
this fall. One of the serious drawbacks
in raising fall wheat is the intense
winds which blow the soil from the
roots of the wheat plants And when
the soil is pulverized with roller, it is
ten times worse. For this reason we
have found it advisable not to roll in
the spring until the wheat is large
enough to protect the soil. Besides the
frosts and sunshine of winter dissolve
the Jumps of soil, which settles around
the roots Of the wheat in the furrow of
the drill, which it would not do if it
were leveled down by the roller.
The practices and advice Of those liv-
ing on clay soil will not do for the sill
liclous soil of Iowa. In many things
we must have system of our own. 1t
is probable if we had not been so tenac-
ious Of the instructions of our fathers,
but experimental more, winter wheat
would be more generally raised with
better success. When prairie soil is
broken for the first time, for a few
years it is not SO light as it is after a
few years cultivation. For this reason,
probably, it has been found that about
the second crop is the best for winter
wheat. 1t does not blow away as easily
and expose the roots of the wheat
State Rc0ister.
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
A Fruit Cellar.

The Boston Journal of Chemistry fur
nishes the following description of a
fruit cellar, which may afford some val
liable hints to those who are inquiring
Tor information on this subject:
Ten years ago we constructed fruit
cellar under our stable, and it proved
SC. satisfactory that we venture to give
brief description Of it. The division
walls are constructed Of brick and the
apartments are two in number, an outer
and au inner room. The outer room is
but partly under ground and is ten by
twelve feet in area, and eight feet in
height. The inner room is wholly un-
der ground, and frost-proof; it has four
brick walls and cemented floor. In
this room the fruit is stored early in
December, when the weather becomes
cold. The outer room holds the fruit
during the autumn months after it is
gathered, and is cool, we'll lighted and
dry. The windows are left open and a
free circulation of air allowed so long
as no danger from frost exists. When
the fruit is taken to the inner room, the
door is closed, and no light is admitted.
Ventilation is secured in moderate
weather by opening the inner door and
throwing down window in the outer
room. In this cellar we kept apples of
last seasons growth until the present
winter, in perfect conditions Some of
these apples, exhibited at the autumnal
agricultural fairs, were pronounced as
fresh as those of last seasons growth.
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
New England.

!. Many things strike me as being pecu-
liar to New England. The roads are as
good as our pixies in the west, being
naturally hard and smooth. Toll gates
are unknown. Men do not ride on
horseback. Everybody goes in buggies
or carriages, drawn by one horse. And
there are no farm wagons, hay carts
with two wheels drawn by oxen, serv-
ing all purposes.
Everything looks smooth and neat.
There are no rough edges, no fence cor
ners full OF weeds, no unsightly plowed
ground, no rotten rails, but hay fields
clipped clean, and stone walls half over
grown with ferns and golden rod.
Even the powders which crop out here
and there in the pastures and orchards
cover themselves decorously with Itch
ems. Nothing is bare, new, crude or
raw. Everything seems to have been
finished and the order of life settled
for several generations. There are no
new buildings, no improvements or in
novations, but the same buildings grow
gray with age and gather lichens on
them, and the people walk in the ruts
that their fathers walked in. and never
DO anything striking or original. Farm
ing is done in a careful, frugal manner,
and nothing is allowed to go to waste.
There is no speculation. A real es-
tate agent would starve here; so would
a surveyor. Every one invests in slow
going concerns that pay moderate inter-
est, and when one of them fails, it is as
if the granite Of their hills had been
riven, and the old established order of
things dissolved into chaos.
1t any one is enterprising or original
he goes out west or to the cities, and
the country is left with conservative,
orthodox population who have respect
for ancient traditions. To upset estab-
lished customs and disregard the tradi-
tons of their forefathers, would seem
to them like pulling down the pillars of
the universe upon themselves, and top
ping all together into a crash of dust
and confusion.
1t is interesting to be a spectator and
look on, but | should kick against the
pricks if | had to live IN this orthodox
dullness. | should want to do some I'M
precedented thing to startle the inhab-
itants of this mill-pond existence, Just
as | used to have desire to talk out
loud in Quaker meeting, or throw a
book across the house and startle the
elders on the tOpmOst seats.
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Facts for Kerosene Burners.
Prairie Farmer.


Every lamp filled with the fluid is
liable to explode after burning several
hours. But no explosion will ever hap
pen when the lamp is full. The danger
comes from the constant generation of
an invisible yapor in the confined space
above the oil. The vapor which is in
fammable, is caused by the heat of the
burner communicated to the oil; but it
will not explode unless exposed to fame.
The metal attachments on lamps often
become forty degrees warmer than the
oil, which is itself sometimes as high as
200 degrees. Hence, Kerosene, to be en-
tirely safe, should be near $50 degrees
proof.
In the United States alone last year,
over 100 deaths per week were reported
from accidents by kerosene.
A simple test is to place a tablespoon
full Of the oil IN saucer and apply a
lighted match if the oil ignites it is un-
safe; never use it. If it does not take
fire it is not necessarily safe, because
the temperature Of the oil in open air is
not so great as that in burning lamp.
Keep the metallic parts of lamps
clean and the air passages open. After
a lamp has been burning three or four
hours at one time, never relight again
till filled.
In extinguishing the light, tnrn the
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Grange DIRECTORY.

PRAIRIE GROVE GRANGE, No. 443.-Meets
at the Sheridan School House, Monday even
ing, on or before the full moon, each month
A. WROTEN, Sec'y.
WINTHROP GRANGE, No. 166. - Meets at
Winthrop on Friday, on or before the full
moon of each month.
S. G. PIERCE, Master.
S. w. RICH, Sec'y.
WEST BUFFALO GRANGE, No. 1916 Meets
Tuesday, on or before full moon.
j. ID. RUSSELL. Master.
GREELEY GROVE GRANGE, No. 811.-Meets
on Friday evening, on or before full moon, at
Warehouse Hail.
w. BUNCE, Master.
p. B. SCHEMERHORN. Sec'Y.
MIDDLEFIELD GRANGE, No. 52S.-Meets on
Wednesday, on or before full moon.
b. DUBOIS, Master.
Z. J. WIGG. Sec'y.
SUPERIOR GRANGE, No. 352.-Meets Satur-
day, on or before full moon, at No School
House, Hazleton Township.
Il. MESSENGER, Master.
G. M. MILLER. Sec'y.
BYON GRANGE, No. 267.-Meets at Justus
Durkees, on Tuesday evening, on or after
full moon.
E. GLEASON, Master.
FRANK Fox Sec'y.
TRIUMPH GRANGE No. 1663.-Meets at the
Sill School House, on the first Thursday, on
or before the full moon of each month, also
in two weeks thereafter
O. S. PAINE. Master.
e. L. HOPKINS, Sec'y
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Agricultural Fairs.

They are over for this year. Some
have been successful, others failures,
and the officers who have struggled for
snccess are sore and discouraged. Some
claim that the old-fashioned fair-such
as prospered thirty years ago-is fail
ure, and that advanced plans must be
rcsorted to or fairs abandoned. I'm
fortunately, a large majority of farm
ers take no part or interest in fairs, nor
in anything else which advances the
world. They follow farming or the me-
chanic arts just because their fathers
did, and to get something to eat and
wear They have no pride for the ad-
vancement of their calling, nor for gain
ing reputation for inventive enter
prize. The farmers and mechanics who
strive to have better and better produc-
tions at every annual fair are the men
who move the world. They are on the
lookout for new ideas and new improve
ments. They are the men who are lift
ing the age in which they live in the
arts and sciences-who improve our
stock, and who are making such valua-
BILE and artistic Improvements in all me-
chanical productions. The world, how
ever, is full of drones, and if they 60 to
fairs, it is only to criticise and sheer.
We know of a mechanic who Travelled
hundreds of miles to learn the latest
improvement in his branch of the me-
chanic arts so that he could produce in
the West articles for the State Fair
equal to the best in the United States.
He succeeded. And, as a consequence,
his shop is now crowded with orders
from men who are also willing to pay
good prices for good articles. Shops in
the city are jogging along with the old
style of work, taking low prices, and
growing about hard times, and voting
the Greenback ticket
Agricultural fairs should be advanced
schools for farmers, mechanics and art
isans. They should go there to know
what and how their neighbors are doing.
Sean every new object, plan or device.
And then go home and wrestle with in
tent thought to devise something bet
ter and finer for another year This is
the kind of opportunities fairs should
furnish. And this is the lesson which
should be improved, and in this way the
world should be elevated And farm
er or mechanic who does not view fair
in this light does not grasp the import
ance of such annual gala days.
A man or woman who takes no inter
est in our fairs, or only goes through
idle curiosity, or who spend their time
there in viewing jockeys parading their
gaunt specimens of the horse about the
track, have not yet conceived the great
lesson intended to be inculcated by fairs,
nor awakened to sense of their true
mission on earth.-,State Register,
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Domestic Recipes.

Frosting for Cake.-For one large
cake use pound of pulyerized white
sugar and the whites of two eggs; stir
the sugar gradually into the whites.
squeeze in the juice of a half lemon;
stir well; put on one layer; let stand
half an hour, then put on another. This
makes hard frosting.
Baked Custard. Beat seven eggs
with three tablespoonfuls of rolled su-
gar; when beaten to a froth mix them
with quart of milk; flavor it with nut
meg; turn it into deep pie-plates that
have lining and rim of pastry; bake
quickly in a hot oven.
Parthenia Pudding. quart of
milk; five tablespoonfuls of flour; bring
the milk to boil, reserving enough to
wet the -four; then stir in the wet -four
while hot; when cool spread over an
icing made from the beaten whites and
powdered sugar.
Cocoanut Macaroons.-To one grated
cocoanut add its weight in sugar and the
white of one egg beaten to froth; stir
it well, and cook little; then wet your
hands, and mold it into small cakes, lay
ing them upon buttered papers. Bake
in a moderate oven.
To Keep Eggs-A housewife writes
be kept as long as you wish " by simply
placing them in a colander, pouring
boiling water over them sufficiently to
cook the thin outside skin which
excludes the air, and then set away in a
cool place.
Potato Pudding.-One pound pota-
toes boiled and well mashed, sailed;
quarter pound butter, stirred in while
warm; two ounces sugar, rind OF half a
lemon chopped fine, with juice; two tea
cupsful of milk, and four eggs; butter
the tin, put in mixture, bake in mod
crate oven half an hour.
Custard.- One quart of milk, four
eggs; sweeten with white sugar, a little
salt; put teaspoonful of vanilla on the
grated rind of a lemon; pour it in cups
and set these cups in a dripping-pan
which has hot water enough in it to half
cover the cup; put it in hot oven and
take it out as soon as the custard has
thickened.
Chocolate Kisses. -Three heaping tea
spoonfuls of grated chocolate, one pound
Of granulated sugar, the whites OF four
eggs; beat the eggs to a froth, not too
stiff; add the sugar and chocolate, and
stir we'll together; flavor with thirty
drops of vanilla; drop on buttered pa
per with teaspoon; bake in moder-
ate oven for ten minutes.
Caramel Candy.-Three pounds Of SUI
gar, half pound of butter, one pint of
cream, one pound of Bakers chocolate
grated; boil the cream, sugar and butter
together, and stir in the chocolate last.
To tell when it is done, drop little in
cold water, and if it does not spread,
but hardens quickly, take it of the fire;
pour out thin over dishes creased with
butter, the candy to be cut outin small
pieces.
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Winter Clothes.

With regard to the use of clothes
many erroneous opinions are entertain
ed, and even among the better-educat-
classes the mode by which clothes act in
protecting us from cold is little if at all
understood. a very common idea is
that they keep us warm by preventing
air from reaching our bodies, whereas
the fact is that just those materials
which are most permeable to air keep
us warmest Their action is simple
enough, and consists in rendering the
air still around us, and in regulating its
temperature by the heat which leaves
our bodies. Extreme degrees of cold
can, it is well known, be better borne
when the air is still than when with the
same degree of cold the air is in motion.
Everyone knows from experience how
much warmer wooden gloves are, even
when loosely knitted, than the tight-ft-
ting kid; yet, if the prevention of air
from reaching the surface of the body
were the source of warmth, kid should
should be warmer than wooden
gloves. The corollary from the forego-
ing remarks is, therefore, at once evil
dent. Our clothes should be worn
loose, so as to allow stratum of warm
air between them and our bodies; they
should be OF not too close a texture. for
it is found that cotton or wool loses
It's power OF protecting us from cold by
being compressed. They should also be
light to permit an active exercise in the
open air without producing exhaustion
by their weight
MOTHERS AS DOCTORs.- Practical
mothers learn much by their experience
with the little bodies entrusted to their
care. Some of the most common-sense
facts in the physical culture of these
little ones, known to the more exper-
fenced mothers, may not come amiss to
those who have had but little care of
children. The foundation must be well
lald to insure health and happy children.
The child must be well slept, well aired,
well fed and well bathed BY thoro-
ugh understanding and practice of those
four simple rules, much of the physi-
cal, mental and moral suffering in life
would be avoided by parent as well as
child. If a healthy child land delicate
one proportionately) is regularly put to
bed about dark, IN quite, well ventila-
ted, or even cold room, after supper
of plain food, it will naturally awake at
daybreak, good natured, with keen appe-
tite for wholesome breakfast. Nutri-
tious, plain food, at regular hours, with
no candy or stimulants, and free bath
ing, help the system to ward off many
prevalent children's ailments, and bear,
with much less danger, the few that
must necessarily come to the majority
of little ones. The child that is Just
given little confectionery, or any I'M
suitable food, and then rocked to sleep,
should cause no surprise at waking
peevish and fevcrish. 1t is simply the
result of imaginary affection and want
of knowledge on the part of the one in
charge. 1t will certainly pay, in the
end, to search diligently for the cause
when a child is proverbially cross
Golden RuIf.
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
s'''"'t"''' 4'ss,

The reading columns on this page will be de-
voted, mainly, to topics pertaining to FARM and
HOUSEHOLD. The farmer readers of the Bull
LETIN are requested to write for it,
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
Composing "Muck."

As long as we have faith in the old
Scotch maxim, that muck is the moth
er of the meal-tub," it is well to OBJ
serve any hints that will go to increas-
ing our supply of manure, for evidently
the word muck in the proverb is gen
eric term for any fertilizing compound
that may be employed in growing crops.
The following sensible advice is from a
correspondent Of the Country Gentle
man:
To increase the manure pile is the
object; how to do it is the problem.
Muck is found IN sunken places in the
woods, fields or swamps, where the wa
ter runs off slowly. 1t is gathered there
by washing of leaves and mellow soils
from the hills, together with coarse
grass, weeds and fallen wood, which for
ages have grown there, fallen down and
decayed. If the water could have run
off freely the land would be dry and and
productive Now it is cold, sour and
unproductive. 1t can be utilized with
profit, but it takes time and money.
Ii you can not get on the bed with
team in winter, wheel it out to the bank
in summer or fall, then you can draw it
to the barnyard at your leisure. Spread
thick coat two feet deep on the entire
yard. Throw all the stable manure
made upon it either from horses, cows
Or hogs. Feed your hogs on pile of it
daily, and there should be dozen or more
pigs to work it over cheaply. Mix ref
use, dirty salt, plaster, coal ashes, in
fact, everything to increase it's bulk and
value. Your yard, of course, should
slope slightly inwards, to retain and
catch all surplus water and wash off
the ground.
Increase this pile by this method one
year, and then commence drawing to
the land. 1t will be fine, decayed and
well mixed Spread it evenly over
your meadows, your wheat fields, and
land designed for corn or potatoes,
about ten or twelve loads per acre. By
this course you will reap the best and
only paying results from the use of
muck.
Chocolate Custard. One quart milk
and three ounces chocolate, boiled to-
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
DR.. T. w. Woods
Destroyer

1t removes all kinds of worms. 1t is one of
the best Of tonics. 1t acts surely and mildly
on the liver. 1t Is pleasant to take. No after
physic is required. All persons, both young
and old, who are of delicate constitution, should
use It. In dyspepsia It has no equal. Try 1t
and G. r. Wallace H-6
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08

wick down quite low and allow few
seconds to intervene before blowing out
the Pickering flame, or, better still, do
not blow it out, but let it flicker out.
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
FOREIGN
"vECETINE,''

Says Boston physician, "has no equal as a
blood purifier. Hearing of its many wonder
ful cures after all other remedies had failed,
visited the Laboratory, and convinced myself
of its genuine merit. 1t is prepared from
barks, roots and herbs each of which is highly
effective, and they are compounded in such a
manner as to produce astonishing results -
Buchanan County bulletin. [volume] (Independence, Iowa) 1869-1891, 1878-11-08
G., s. NV. r. r.
G.. & N. wv.
LIMBS

LINES
THE CHICAGO NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY
Embraces under one management the Great
Trunk Railway Lines of the West and North
west and with it's numerous branches ana con-
nections forms the shortest and quickest route
between Chicago and all points IN ILLINOIS, WIS
consin Northern Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa.
Nebraska, California, and the western Ierrl-
tories. Its
OMAHA & CALIFORNIA LINE.
Is the shortest and best route between Chicago
and all points in Northern Illinois, Iowa, Dako-
ia, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Neva-
da, California, Oregon, China Japan ana AUS
tralia. Its
CHICAGO, ST. P. & MINNEAPoLIs LINE
Is the shortest line between Chicago and all
points in Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota,
and for Madison, ST. Paul, Minneapolis, Duluth
and ali points in the great Northwest. Its
LACROSSE, WINoNA & ST. PETER LINE
Is the best route between Chicago and La
Crosse Winona, Rochester, Owatonna, Manka-
to, ST. Peter, New Ulm and and all points III
Southern aud Central Minnesota. 1ts
GREEN BAY & MARQUETTE LINE
Is the only Line between Chicago and James,
vile, WATERFOWL, Fond du Lac, oshkosh Ap-
pleton, Green Bay, Escanaba, Negaunee, Mar
quette, Houghton, Hancock and the Lake SUI
periOr country. Its
FREEPoRT & DUBUQUE LINE
Is the only route between Chicago and Elgin,
Rockford, Freeport and all points via. Free
port. Its
CHICAGO & MILWAUKEE LINE
Is the old Lake Shore route, and is the only one
passing between Chicago and Evanston, Lake
Forest Highland Park, Waukegan, Racine,
Kenosha and Milwaukee,
PULLMAN PALACE DRAWING ROOM CARS
are running on all through trains OF this road.
This is the ONLY LINE running these cars be-
tween Chicago and ST. Paul and Minneapolis,
Chicago and Milwaukee, Chicago ana Wmona,
or Chicago and Green Bay. go
Close connections are made at Chicago with
the Lake Shore g. Michigan Southern, Michigan
Central, Baltimore & Ohio, Pittsburg, TT. wayne
l. Chicago, Kankakee Line and Pan Handle
Routes for all points East and South East, and
with the Chicago Alton and Illinois central
for all points South.
Close connections are also made with the
Union Pacific R. r. at Omaha for all far West
points.
Close connections made at junction points
with trains of all cross points.
Tickets over this route are sold by all coupon
Ticket Agents in the United States and Cana
das. Remember, you ask for your Tickets wa
the Chicago l. North-W estern Railway and take
none other.
New York Office, Alb Broadway; Boston office,
No. S State street; Omaha office, 245 Farnham
street; San Francisco Office, 122 Montgomery
street, Chicago Ticket offices, 81 Clark street,
under Sherman House; Is Canal, corner Madi-
son street; Kenzie Street Depot, corner West
Kinzie and Canal streets; Wells Street Depot,
corner Wells and KinZie streets.
For rates or information not attainable from
your home ticket agents, apply to
W. H. STENNETT, MARVIN HUGHITT,
Gen. Pass. AIT, Chicago. Gen. Man. Chicago