davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1878-01-16
llLllII NIIElI7I II PUERTO rico.
pRrcros DE SUBSCRIPTION.

Coffeo.
Pos IN aao en- 10 Isla de Cuba........ 10
kr Los suscriptores que no quieran entenderse
con los Bennree Agentcs. pueden haeerlo dlfeett-
neute con esta Administration remislcndo impoTte
De suscrfpcon en 0rdenSS. biil de lotcrta seiles
De cOrreo. recibiran 81 BoLEflN con iaia aparte.
Todae Ias suscripclones anuncioe Sc pagan por
aAelantado. -
PRECIos DE ANUNoIos.
De una sells lineas de impression. publicandose
hssba tres yeces 50 cts Ia msma proporcion ca
a. renvlon que ,xceia de hos ses. = Los preGos so
ran dobes cuando los anunctos hayan de puoiicarse
an caraei4ree Srus 500. On 1, nlmeros On upos
eomo los do eatas Iineas. - Por meses amos SO al
miten anuucios precios convencionaies- - Los CO.
mnnicadoa 90 eoarardn q scentayos la Inca I'M
preSa -Anunci0s communicates SO abonaran ade-
iantadoe
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1878-01-16

teidos, calzado, articulos de ncvedad y Eloda,
etc. podemos complacer las exigencias del
gusto roas exquisite dcIcado.-Al Tele-
grafO, lues, los aficionados 4 10 bueno; one
10 halarin por POGO tlinero
EAtre ell snndmero de articulos que llevan
nuestros aparadores, tenemos los siguien-
teS:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1878-01-16
PAPEL DE CARTAS.

En- la Administration del BoLETIN Sc ha re-
cibido de Europa un abundante sartido de pa
pei N sobres de todos tamafios classes, pro-
p6sito para ell comercio las familias
Sc vende precios m6dcos por mayor y al
detail As
Tambien hay papel para dibujo para cuen-
tas corrientes
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1878-01-16

inglesa, tan propios para este china; lie espar-
terra para j6venes Y nifios, todo de diversas
formas de gran novedad y gusto; polainas
para montar, fustas, bastones, paraguas, ca
mas tie hierro panuelos de hilo, corbatas de
todas classes, jabones, pomadas, etc, guante de
cabrtIila, cnturones, botonaduras, estuches
de hosiIlos, calcetnes, calzoncillos lie hilo,
etc, etc
nexo Ia misma casa, tenemos infinitad lie ar.
L. de WILLOW Il GIBBS y de SINGER, que
LLOMPART, MELON & Co.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1878-01-16
MEMORIALS DE uN ALlTAR
SACADAS DE UN LIBRO INEDITO
ARREG ADAS
PoR DON JOSE PEREZ morris.

Obra amena instructive, de eerca de 500
p&ginas, que contiene grandes detalles histo--
la guerra de la Observation-Disclosures a las
prisiones en- Franeia, la expedition de Nc
rilloy la guerra civil de la Costa-firme.
Sc yende en- la Administration del BoLETIN
4 peso ell ejemplar y Sc envia franco de porte
4 cualuuiera poblacion de la isla al recibo
de un peso 10 centavos en- sellos 8 en- effective.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
BREWERS AND GROCERS BANK.
THE INSTITUTION IN VIRTUAL LIQUIDATION
NO DEPOSITS COMING IN PAYMENTS

THE INSTITUTION IN VIRTUAL LIQUIDATION
NO DEPOSITS COMING IN PAYMENTS
PROMPTLY MADE
The condition OF affairs at the Brewers and Grocers'
Bank, Third avenue and Twentysixth street, yoster-
day, was ono OF practical liquidation. HERALD re-
porter called at the bank in the Afternoon found
that deposits wore being received, while all deposit
tors called for their money received promptly
Two three OF the directors were present The re-
porter asked If 1t had been determined TO 60 into
liquidation and these directors said they did want
to be quoted AS saying so.
ado you receive depostsp" the reporter asked
sNo" they said, "we nave not received any to-day,
but we are paying all who como Tor their money and
we wish that all VINO have money here would come
and draw IL AS quickly as possible We can pay
promptly all we owe"
and directors saia they would not lose III
ten per cent oil their investment.
The president, Mr.. James Evcrard, 1t was said,
out OF town, until his return to-day nothing d,h
nte could be stated about the future actioi OF
the bank. speaking Tor themselves the d.
rcctors who werc present dd not think
euce OF the institution. The whole trouble
charged by these gentlemen on the aie cashier, Mr.
Jonn W. Hcsse, iull account OF whose transactions
was published IN the HERALD lev days ago.
DEPOSITS.
Some idea may be formed OF the falling of IN depos
its by comparison OF the statements Tor the weeks
ending March aud March Is. Tho average daily bal
Snces Toe tue former period werc:-
Average amount loans discounts .Sl3p9J7 At
Average amount OF deposts ............. lUUJS IS
and for The latter week.
Average OF loans and discounts .$29 497 4S
amount VI deposits SIStJ 80
messing oil the directors will be held to-day TO de-
termne what course should be pursued. Tne bauk
made It's clearanccs through the Bank OF North
America. This bank refused to exchange with IL on
Monday though 1t Is said, still holds some $50, 600
OF the funds OF The Brewers and Grocers' Bank
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
MUNICIPAL NOTES.


Alderman Morris yesterday introduced resolus ton
In the Board, which was passed, calling Tor opin
ION from Corporation Counsel Whitney as 10 whether
the Post Office building for other than pos
tai and purposes docs viiats the title The
land upon which the building Ia located. IL is con-
tended that Secretary sherman has placed other de-
partmenls ana Offices in this quarter, aud that conse
Queutly the property :evorts back to the city under
the terms of the sale.
An ordinance regulate blasting In the city is now
before tho Board of Aldermen for consideration. IL
provides proper safeguards tho way covering
each blast with TIMBER chains before firing of
penalty OF $25 Is provided Tor every breach OF this
ordinance.
The Common Council proposes to regulate str, ct
preaching by the passage OF an ordnance compelling
itperants TO Obtain permits IRON The Superintendent
of Police or one OF the Alder men.
A resolution was yesterday passed by the Alder
men rendering the use OF the Governors Room 10
General James Shields tor the purpose OF "A formal
reception. Messrs. Reilly, Sauer, Carroll, Gedney
aud Philips were appointed committee TO wait upon
Board. Another resolution was also passed calling
upon the Legislature TO defeat the bill giving the
Mayor entire control Of the appointment OF the heads
OF departments The oil 10 desl liz uating CO IN
mission OF four 10 examine into the manage Of
railroads running through this State received unan-
nous indor IN ent from the Board.
petition was yesterday presented TO tho Alder.
men from some fifty business men asking Tor the re-
peal OF recent ordnance by which the Office OF In
speclors OF Weights and Measures in this city is prac
ticaIy abolished. The petition referred " a CON-
mittce Tor consideration.
Tue ordnance regulating the charges for cartmen
and specifying that they be residents Of CITY
IN order to obtain licenses, will DO called up at the
meeting OF the Board OF Aldermen. 1t has been
pending on the general order list for weeks
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
THE SHARKS OF THE FLATS.

10 THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD:-
wish 10 Call tho attention OF tenants in French
fats to the imposition practsed upon by the real
estate agent aud the janitor When We first enter
their buildings we importuned by these gentry
Tor ous orders for coal, It being very apparent by
their anxiety that they make by the operation. Ii
we yield them pay more than the market price,
coal has To be renewed frequently. II we order
our coal then the japitor SPOTS 1t either with art
stones picked from the other tenants coal Now,
propose that all tenants ignore these men In the
purchase oi Their COAL and when approached Tor an
order report fact at once to the owner as he
cannot clip but see the detrimcnt caused by these
10 their property. The extras demanded by
these commission add very materially 10 our
rent ana will arIve us, when rapid traLsIt Is accom-
piisled to other houses, where there anitors
TENANT.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
PUBLIC PARKS.

ANIMATED DEBATE IN THE BOARD OF ALDER
MEN-ToMPKINs AND WASHINGTON SQUARES.
The Question as 10 Interference with two OF the
downtown parKs-Tompklns square and W ashington
Parade Ground-occupied the attention OF tho Board
OF Aldermen for short time yesterday. Two oil tho
Tammaay members. McssSs. Bennett and waehner,
introduced resolutions Tor the Improvement OF these
Localities
Alderman Bennett presented petition from a large
number OF residents OF the Fifth Senatorial district
asking that Washington Parade Ground should be APP
propratcly laid OUT ana also suggesting that music
De provided during the summer season. In connec-
tion with this petition Mr. Bennett offered resolution
directing The Park commissioners TO carry GU. these
improvements
Alderman Sauer could not the necessity Tor the
passage OF such resolution Al the last meeting Of
the Board u resolution was passed calling upon the
Legislature TO give authority ny which AN armory
could by erected upon TINS square He suggested an
amendment by which That portion OF the park re-
quired Tor use Of an armory nigh; be oxcsptea.
gwen nor is II likely " be.
Tue petition and resolution were referred to tho
Committee ON Lands anu Places
ToMPKINs SQUARE AGAIN.
Alderman Waehner presented resolution calling
upon the Legislature 10 repeal the law by which
Tompklns square was diverted from its uses pub
lie park and transformed into military parade ground
He contended that lompkins square WIS originally
laid and dedicated as pubic square; that ash
ington Parade Ground laid OUT and dedicated by
the Common Council IN 1925 Tor military purposes
lu 1865 The Leg isature ulvcrted the purposes lor
which Tompkins square was thus laid out
OBJECT. Around tnis square was located the most
densely populated district In the United States,
ana II the necessity for public PARK
existed anywhere 1t certainly did In that quarter.
MI Waebner then quoted from the petition OF the
Seventh Assembly district worKingmon presented ny
Alderman Morris, against the location OF an armory
upon Washington square. In adopting lis lahguage
applicable 10 rompkins square the speaker argued
that MIR. Norris IN making himself the champion OF
the public parks had Oeen guilty OF Inconsistency the
record showing that Ne had in 1873 voted against
stortug Tompkins square to It's Original condition.
He also insisted that when the work oil despolling
Tompkins square initiated no such zeal was OK
hibiled AS Wi apparent IN the case OF Washington
Parade Ground.
Alderman Morris explained his former vote by
stating that there was JOB hidden IN the Tvmpkius
square resolution. He was consequently ~ the time
opposed TO It's passage.
Alderman Sauer-TheIe was no job whatever in 1t.
The only question as 10 whether the work hould
be let OUT 10 "A number OF hungry contractors or done
by days work.
The resolution was finally passed by unanimous
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
UNCLE SANS TREASURES.

A commission. consisting of Mr.. L. o. Graves,
Colonel s. W. Burt and assistants arrived In this city
on Tuesday, 18th inst, and called Assistant Treas
urer Hillhouse with instructions from Secretary
Sherman ordering a thorough examination OF the
affairs In the Sub-Treasury. Secretary sherman or
dered the investigation IN consequence of the
OF the Silver bill and the prospective change in the
character OF funds on deposit
On Wednesday, the l3th, the work began Last
Saturday The female clerks returned to Washington
having counted aoes, coupons and certificates TO the
amount OF S31, 900, OO0 or more. So far some 100
tons OF coin nave been weighed. The gold Is placed
In IRON closets OF the vaults, each closet
holding $500 600, the doors astepod aud = tripli-
cate seal xed The whoie amount vi gold
III the vaults estimated ~ bs ia the DeghDorhood
OF $lOi O0U OF wncn $50 OOU 900 have tar
counted the subsidiary silver coin amounting
81 000 ana ncKes cents aud other minor COINS 10
the amount OF 500, 0OOh have been counted The COM
mission Is stu work The examination OF tho
books completed, the will probably flushed
tXo or ihIeO daYs.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
BUSINESS TROUBLES.
FAILURE OF HENRY y. wELLEs, CONTRACTOR,
AND ISAAC BEAR AND SONS.

FAILURE OF HENRY y. wELLEs, CONTRACTOR,
AND ISAAC BEAR AND SONS.
Henry s. welles, contractor ut No. 20 Cedar street.
has been djudcated a voluntary bankrupt by Regis
ter Dwight his petition. His liabilities amount
TO about 1925 000 and his assets normally valued at
much larger sum. The following are the secured
creditors:--Morrie Il Johnston, S72,o75; Perkins II
Welles, $1,000; Shoe and Leather National Bank,
$4,000; Devlrn Rose, S3,927 90; Nassau Bank,
81 1916; Caleb d. Gndersleevc, 1000; Henry W. Per.
kius, $500. Oi the unsecured creditors, the follow
ing have the largest claims :-Lamott Tnompson,
$50 900; executors OF 7. g. Clark, $4,000; cx-
ecuiors OF Charles A. Doottle, ST., 900; estate OF
AIrich HUBBLE $l2 500; Milton Ii. Thompson, So 900;
Thomas II. Walker, 50, 500; 0rsanus Is. Matteson,
$4,000; L. Martinez 81, 900; A. d. Barber, $4,000;
George H. Duryea, 81 00O Snoc and Leather National
Bank, 81, 900; Charles II. Rising $4,000 His assets
INCLUDE track oil land in Michigan value OF which
is uaKnown, and subject To II mortgage OF S72 O,5;
sixty-ons bonds Of Lake Superior ship Canal Rail
road Iron Company par value SCI, 900, OF winch
twenty pledged Tor debts; coupon bonds oil the city
OF Brunswick, Ca, 100000 unpaid coupons tho
above $4,000; claim against tho trustee Tor tho
interest OF tho bondholdcrs and al! CLAIMS demands
and personal property OF the Brunswick and Albany
Railroad Company ~ the amount OF $4,000. which
IN litigation Al present; 1888 shares OF the pre-
ierrcd AID 400 shares VI the common stock OF the
brunswick and Albany Railroad par value s434, 300;
800 shares oil the Platte River Gold Mining Company
oil Colorado, par value $25 600
petl,on IN bankruptcy has been filed against
Isaac Bear sons, dealers IN toys at No gu Broad
way ny sixty-six creditors. OF whom the following
have Gains amounting 10 over ST. DOT: -Fould Freres
Co.. $6,7oS ~, Ado'phe schoss " Co, -, 33a " /;
Charles MMschntz, Jr., $3.50 %: Derby SILVER ware
Company, 81, 1853 II; Hawson Brothers L. Haw-
son, s2,676 a.; Adams Il Westlake Manufacturing
company, Sl,s5s 81; Louis Lien,ha g., $40 Al; 10.
seph sshedsr Co.. $l,0S9 40; Meriden SILVER Plate
Company, ~, 485 So American Mechanical Toy Com
papy, 81, 4sl ~; QUO Dresses, ,33l "a Ficisch
man X Co, 81, FOL %; Florence Manufacturing Com
pany. l,517 Az. HE liabilities OF tho firm amount 10
$lS5,735.
PROCEEDINGS IN BANKRUPTCY.
Composition proceedings nave 0cen commenced be-
foro Register Litte NY tno Arm OF }. s. Concn Co..
wholesale ueacrs IN iurs al No. 90 Mercer street, rho
firm owe $ls0, 800 ana they propose 10 settle with
their creditors thirty cents the dollar In tnree
Instruments IN thirty days, sixty days months
the last payments 70 be Wy pronssory notes, WIN
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
A RAPID TRANSIT RUMOR.

rumor was promulgated yesterday and from what
appeared to be most authentic source, the effect
that the two great rival corporations Gilbert Elo
waited and the New YORK Elevated companies, had
iormod combination. Tho conditions upon which
this combination had been formed generally
made known; but ono OF them--so the amor had it,
stipulated that the Gilbert Elevated Railroad was 10
discontinue It's work ON the cast OF the city and
that the New York Elevated Railroad was TO 40 tho
concerning the west side OF the town
thereby leaving the former Tree push ahead the work
already In an advanced State OF completion Sixth
avenue, and also enabling the latter nnsh IT'S road
now IN course OF erection on Third Inquiries,
however, at the offices ot the Gilbert road Cyrus W.
Field, ana the New York Elevated road, disproved
entirely tho existence OF any such combination.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20

Endorsements on the ak months only There are
fortyfour creditgrs 10 ALL OF which the following APP
ruptcy. but upon which adj publication has been
made;-Pacihc Bank $595 $40 80; metropolitan
se ssrUpa ae; American EscSanss National Bank
$2l. 221 81; Samuel Cohen, s25935 90; q. =. a L..
ass ss1s g so assignee OF a.
Herpech Co, S26,7l0 "a; Hallgarten Co., ST. 500
Herman Brothers 4 Co., $1,000; J. b. McGsorec
Gross 267 So. Register Little has called the first
meeting OF creditors to act on the proposition 10 DO
held March 20
Adoph B. Herman and Herman Herman. bank
rupts made application yesterday to Register Little
Tor their discharge from bankruptcy, but opposition
was made by the creditors, aud the usual time was
allowed IN which to he specifications Of objections.
jacob Casperi, manufacturer Of iurs at NO. ~
Grand street, stated TO have LETT the country HIS
liabilities variousy estimated as high as $685. 600,
but hrs creditors do not believe they will exceed
$4,000. One oil his creditors seized his stock on
judg ment OF about $500 and recovered about 5000
The latest intelligence concerning his Whereabouts IS
TO the effect that nc went 10 London
Al meeting OF the creditors OF Charles s. Archer,
liquor dealer at NO So Warren street, held yesterday
the Office Of Register Fitch schedules were sub.
United showing liabilities amounting 10 $35, OOO ana
Thomas Nolan was elected assignee.
Alexander Fielder, dealer In brass goods, No IL
Murray street. has been adjudicated voluntary
bankrupt by Register Ketchum. HIS liabilities
amount to about $lO.50o, with assets nominaly
valued at about the same amount The principal
cai ms are those OF Thomas Pemborton Sons, Biz
mingbam, England. $3,6o5 81; e. b. Clarke secured
$1,000
by Thomas u. Curtiss, for mis- discharge from bank
ruptcy. which VIII be granted, there being no oppo-
siton the part OF the creditors.
The creditors OF Max Wolf u Brothers, wholesale
dealers IN dry goods, at No. IL White street, have
accepted the composition OF thirty cents on the dol
lar.
At meeting Of the creditors Of Abraham sernfels,
esaic liquor dealer NJ No. ~ Vssey street, held
yesterday At Office OF Register Alien. the compo
sisien Of ten Genus the dollar was connrmed
Sam0el A. MsgnuA glus, ut No. 3O7 Pearl street,
made au assignment yesterday Tor the benent OF his
creditors to Martin L. Bacharach. Mr. Magnus has
been in business tor sixteen years, succeeding The
hrm OF Maguus& Eiswall about ten years ago. He
had good credit claiming acapusl Of 100000 HIS
business liabilities are about $4,000
Judge Larrcmore yesterday hxed the bond OF the
assignee OF William A. Ransom ~ Co., the insolvent
shoe merchants, at S40,0
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
WHERE THE MONEY GOES.

To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD
fdence Of the publc but he scarcely expect to
tain he allows subordinates to work, they
IRE dong, ia digging around the trees The
Boulevard. As q taxpayer cannot believe that
Knows the work Is being done for, II ne did, q
shange oula be made at once. Ii he will take the
roupe to come up and see Tor himsel or scnd, he will
hnu digging about the roots oil the trees and
close him. poss." Tne former gets Il viii say
eurns) 81 TO Tor eight hours labor, such II Ii, ana
tne latter 81 per day OF course II Id Father expeu
sivc 10 pay "a 10 look alter VINO xes al Nv,
Rud tuILk that Mr.. Campbell would hardly do his
own private business III that way. FIVE men Can be
buei Will work ten hours Tor the price that he
day ended some results could be seen for the
amount money PAID, In NUTSHELL the city IL pay
Ing 50 ~ lor labor which private party can ObIuip
lVi sl
Tnis surt OF work has been going the past month
IN trimming he trees. the LOSS "a psr day.
prapun cut off. Iu The Park Department they have
men sufficiently skilled VINO Know enough To Trim u
Tree without The and Of "OOss" NJ 81 per day. l
LhIbk every taxpayer on the west side would rather
see every Tree die than 10 daily see tho peoples
money squanuercd III Inns way.
very we'll Know that this Is but small matter,
hut tho people have MOI forgotten how the weeds
allowed grow several feet high last summer, and
the nuinoer oil trees that died Tor want proper
attention. sufficient sum IL annually paid TO have
this work well done, but when II is all spent upon
men Zone Of whom does nothingl tue west SIDE prop
Brtysowners ought 10 Understand where and how tho
money goes.
beg 10 ask, In conclusion, f the Com IN issioners
could not let The by contract with good Results
TAXPAYER.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
QUEENS COUNTY TAXES.

Tho Board OF Supervisors OF Queens county held
special meeting yesterday to consider tho matter Of
the proposed amendments Of the County Tax law, and
bear the explanations and arguments in favor OF
them presented by counsel aud members OF the
Taxpaysrs' Association. Tho greatest opposition OH
the part Of the members OF the Board appeared be
TO tho abolition OF the provision Tor distress and
ssc the extension OF the period OF sale but la
vas apparently disposition 10 accede 10 tho wishes
tho assocaIion 10 the other respects The mater
was not finally disposed or
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
ANSWER.
THE AsloR LIBRARY.

To TUE EDITOR THE HERALD:-
Your correspondent who signs himself "Now
Yorker" seems 10 me to be hardly entitled TO that
nom dc plume. Every intelligent New Yorker is aware
that the Astor Library was not established Tor tho
benefit oil business men, working men or women,
for ihe unemployed. The purpose oil the founder
10 make II library OF reference Tor those engaged
In literature, science and art, and consequently
IL was primarily aud IL slill intended Tor
the use OF the PROFESSIONS and students Oi course,
any Que may have Tree access to the books vi tho
library, and lis works referred 10 by others than
the above, but the intention oi the founder was ss
have stated, aud It has served lis purpose noby. The
hours during which the library Is opened could not
be better arranged Tor It's patrons.
Has New YORKER ever visited the Cooper Union
Reading Room oil EVENING" Ii not, let nun 90 there
alter his busress hours over He Will there mud
hooks more adapted ~ the popular mind. H. ID.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
A CONFLICT OF AUTHORITY.

Postmsstor James yesterday forwarded a letter from
Mr. John l. Davenport clerk OF the United states
Circuit Court TO Secretary Sherman, in which Mr..
Davenport states that he declines to gve UP certain
rooms the Post Office building, at present used by
him Supervisor OF Elections and Circuit Clerk and
also refuses TO consent 10 the occupancy OF other
rooms which the Secretary had provided Tor him.
Postmaster James said yesterday tnat he accom-
panied that letter with request TO know what the
Secretary's orders were in tho matter 'and ~ said
Mr. James, "tho Secretary orders 10 him,
will remove him, or | Will resign my postmaster
ship.D
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-03-20
A NEGLECTED AVENUE.

To THE EDITOR THE HhRALD:-
Why 10 not the proper authorities see to tho Sew
enth aveuueg " Is IN u shameful condition. On the
sast oil tho avenue, between Nineteenth and
twenty Streets 1t is impossible to get tho
sidewalk than the track, owing to the excavato
maue Tor laying the water mains II has been III The
condIion for the past two or three months, and
work has been during that time anu, although
q number OF complaints have been made TO the De-
partmcnt OF Public Works, uothIng has been done
toward closing Inc excav ation. IL.