The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1878-12-21
FARMERS COLUMN.


SEEDS BEST SowN IN THE AUTUMN.
Most people have observed, no doubt,
that self sown seeds, that is, that have
dropped from the growing plants Of the
previous season, sometimes produced
the strongest and most healthy plants
that bloom the most freely. This Is
true of several kinds, and particularly
of those that suffer under exposure TO
our midsummer suns. The reason is.
that self sown seeds get very healthy
growth in the Spring, vegetating as
soon as frost is gone, and are good siz
ed plants at the lime we usually put
seeds in the ground, even II they do not
start in the Fall. They titus. mature
and flower during the weather Of Spring.
The Clhrkias and Nemophias and An.
nual Larkspurs are noted examples.
There are also several varieties of liar
dy ADnuals that do well with Spring
sowing that will bear Autumn sowing
in the open ground, and reward us with
early Spring flowers. Sweet Alyssum
and White Candytuft will give us abun-
dance of white for early cutting, if sown
in the autumn. In sandy soil the
Portulaca may he sown In A utumn with
good success. Seeds of Biehnals and
Perennias, if sOwn early enough to
produce strong little plants, will flower
the next Summer, and Pansies, Chinese
Pinks, though they bloom the first Sum
mer if sown in the Spring, will make
much stronger plants and flower more
freely and earlier if young plants are
grown in the Autumn. In another
place we give list of seeds suited to
fall planting even atthe north. ."-Vicks
Floral Guide.
GRADES ON THE FARM. The Farm
er's Home Journal thus remarks: at
, is certainly true that much of the profit
Of the farm comes from the live stock
that is raised or fed on it. AS long as
that Is the case, the matter of profit will
largely depend on the character of the
, animal fed. If it is one that feeds
Kindly" and makes firm, weli-mar-
bled flesh, it will then be profitable
beast; but If it is shy feeder, nervous
or quarrelsome, with dainty appetite or
dyspeptc stomach, there will never be
l any profit in handling him. Between
, these extremes there are many sha Is
. and just as the farmer or stock feeder
| feed, as the proportion leans one way
r or the other will depend his profits or
losses. 10 trust wholly to the judg-
= ment on this subject, in selecting each
1 animal is very risky. 1t is much wiser
l to trust in some measure to the breeder S
i art, TO accomplish this the shortest
cut is to purchase or breed for grades. "
HEADING CADBAGEs IN WINTER "A
d writer in the Rural New Yorker says he
If often sets out cabbages so late in thu
season that the heads are but half form
}; ed when Winter sets in. just befor,
g the ground freezes deep furrow i
plOwed on dry, sandy knoll, the cab
u bageS are carefully lifted with adherln,
II soil, and set as thickIy as convenient il
l. the natural condition. They are thel
IL covered with a few inches Of straw, am
n with tie same thickness of snil, partl
by blowing against them. The head
II form during the Winter, and they cam
l. out in Spring white and tender.
n TEMPERATURE FOR SEEDS. Seeds ar
" more easily killed by high temperatur
Is than low. Though no seeds have bee
m known to gerninate below thrty-seve
degrees Fahrenheit, they are, With fe'
Id exceptions, destroyed by temperatuI
above ore hundred and siXty.eigh an
many kinds perish below that poin
they will not germinate above one hun
drCd and twenty eight degrees. Mo
seeds will stand the Scverest cold of Il
winters in this latitude, and wheat le
OF for years in the Arctic region has bee
ed sown in England afterwards, where
Tnrtnin IpH IrnnlU - Snrin off la T,in
ed PLoUGuING AND MANURING. -ploug
ms ing, to be thorough, should be so pc
-, formed that the soil shall be brokt
NV and made as fine as possible you cal
'pt not pulverize too much. SubsOil poug
aic ing is a distinctive different from con
or mon plOughing, yet the two terms a
often used with the same meanin
We Subsoiing on most soils, in connectit
rtS with good ploughing, is one of the e
lgs sentials of certainty of good produC
10. the deeper and more thoroughly Il
IN, subsoil is broken the better, as no crt
will be likely to suffer the effects
III drought or wet where the ground
in subsoiled, as where only surfa
the ploughed. In ploughing under manu-
al 1t should not be turned down to 4
" bottom of the turned soil, If we wi
mas the benefit of any portion of it in t
ely present crop. The nearer the surfa
ian so that it be covered in the soil,
mo keep manure, the greater benefit t
crop will receive from it. Herein Ii
W. one benefit of ploughing under {
lst, manure shallow, and again plOughi
as. the same ground a trihe deeper; whic
sed while 1t mixes the manure with the s.
"a still- keeps the greatest portion ne
"" the surface, just where the roots of t
ich young plant will be benefited by it, a
DIS, as the water or rain dissolve aud wa.
the down the portions of the salts, etc., t
49, latter roots of the same plants end a.
'e" appropriate what they most require, a
ing thus the manure is equalzed throUl
lin the soil. Southern men have inform
liy. me that 1t would not answer to plou
on deep, as their sudden powerful Shove
the land would go seawaTd, from was
LOT ing, suppose; however that may be
ur. am unable to say, as l have no expe
,dy ence there; but know that here
70, the North the more shallow plough
-o' ground washes worse than thatI whi
oV- is deeply worked, and also crops gro,
)le. on shallow worked soil are less ceTta
me and more subject to the vicissitudes
iLo the season, wet or drought, than whe
'A0 the grOuhd is deeper worked. Il Lett
ap' to American Farmer.
hei TRANsPLANTING.- "A rule without
ing exception in transplanting is thi
ub- Place the roots in contact with as mu
nos soil as possible. This is very importa
ovo with nursery-grown evergreen tire
"'0 which have a mass of small roots, q
ng' all other fne-rOoted plants OF vim
and such as strawberries, ,raspberries, crap
,ers etc. 1t Is not enough that nice pla
.,os is prepared to receive the tree OF pla
""' with all the roots in natural position,
ohS that the finest earth is used in filling |
and No- is it sufficient that the roots
the carefully spread out before the earth
nod put into them. All these things mi
be done, and then it Is necessary to
VI that in filling up the roots are !
ally crowded into mass without earth
,pli tween. The hole may be Of proper 81
,ing the roots spread out nicely, the fin