New-York tribune., 1878-11-09
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE.

Norway irons. The pecularltes OF the Proccse nv
chiefly ) The ore instead of being thrown cold upon
the forge-re descends through retort or chamber IN
the rear into which 1t has been charged, mixed win
charcoal "braize" By the time 1t has reached the DOT
tom OF this chamber and is raked forward INTO the nre
IL 10 not only thoroughly heated, but also reduced W
metallic sponge. The chamber Is heated Dy the nane
products the forgefre, and also by the compusuon
carbonc oxide generated from the ore and brase anu
escaping through ports the WALL to burn In the sur
rounding fue t2) The charging OF the very fine ore
dust INTO anot her chamber where IL Is pre-heated ana
then taken by screw cOnveyer and carried throngh
hollow journal and small gas-pipe, INTO tne tuSeie'
which conveys into the forge-nre ana deposits upon
the surface Of the loup. In this way great Ioss VI ~
ore is avoided and saving OF fuel Is elected Ihelo
still another popularity In these WORKS, Affecting 'no
subsequent manipulation OF the blooms The loup Is IT,
troduced into Sweets furnace, and thoroughly heated
before shnglng In this way' II Is calmeu l1rJ ,o
plets removal Of cndcr etc, is secured Certh ue
blooms and blets thus treated exhibited great soldty
and uniformity under the hammer lhe CfPnciS Oi ~,
four fires now in operation Is about FOUR tons uai egt
onus hring taken ont of each during the twenty0ur
hours. The experiment promises 10 DC sl.ccssi' " ~
# commercial results warrant the capacity VIII DC AZ AZ
least dnnbed Tine ore now used Is the Besscmer mag
neIits of the Crown Point Iron Company but tie HOT
con Company possesses extensive ucPosi'S VI ''9 ''
which it can use II necessary
PLUMBAGo AS A LUBRICATOR.-Ihe Engineer
gives this example OF the value OF Dackiea"
as a lubricator: "A Hy-wheel shaft bearing
carried load Of nearly ten tons. The bear
ing was supported box girder. aud was lined WIN
good brass The engine could not he rln as hs bearing
invariably got nearly red hot after iew re'onuohS
vauous oils talIow suphdr and gunpOwder were tried
with most indifferent success by uslh2 mixture VI
taow and sulphur the engine could be rnn hali an hO
at a time and once or twice has run whole day, the
shaft making sixty revolutions per minute 1t was de
termined to nave crank shaft with Longer pear
ing hut as at the last moment the Of backead and
tallow was suggested package OF the ordinary paoH
lead sed for stoves was worked mp with some allow,
the bearing Careluy MiPed' any ~ w ,r ncycr Lrutp
cap filled with the mixture. Inc hrInE 49, e, rhc
again unless oil allowed 10 get access TO IT. Ihe
success OF the plumOaGo a. 'uoIlV"'Oi was P'''''
THE SPECTRUM OF TIE CORONA.-ProieSs0r
W. T. Sampson, T. 5. ~, who observed the late ecpSe
OF the sun at Separation with Professor Nc"comD'
describes briefly his examination Of the Spectrum OF the
Corona in The American journal Of Sctcnce The re-
suit he sums up as follows: " The conclusion forces
itself upon my mind that the light OF the Corona s not
all reelected light Several considerations lead TO this
conclusion Until this eclipse no observer has ever seen
the dark lines in the Spectrum OF the Corona except NJ
Jans.en who reported dark Ines notably IN lo1l, but
much more difficult tnan the bright lines Several
observers during The recent eclipse failed TO see the
dark lines. though they looked for them carefully.
While do not question the results OF observers VINO
report the presence dark nof think all the obscrva-
onE tken together show that the continuous Spectrum
of the Corona is not the Spectrum Of the sun Aside
from this, Professor Arthur W. Wright made measure
mcuts OF the polarization Of the light OF the Corona the
first time think II has been attempted ana has iOund
the polar zation to be but a small percentage OF the
whole bght emitted Although all reflected light does
moi roach rs "a poarizrd light think the small per-
centage OF polarization taken with the hintnrs oi the
dr lines Indicates that the Corona Is 10 considerable
extent sef-umInOus. The meteOrc dust not only re-
fleets the SUMS hight but It Is continually showering
upon the and IN It's passage through It's atmosphere
il rendered incandescent. No photographs Of the Spec
irum OF the Corona can probably throw any lght upon
the matter"
MEN AND MONKEYs.-Dr. II. c. Chapman, of
Philadelphia has been enlightcnlng the scientific men
OF that city with long communication on the anatomy
and geological position Of the gorilla, based on the dis
section Of d young specimen sent to him from GabooD
carefully preserved in AS the result Of his eIam
nation Dr. Chapman protested against the general error
so common among Donproiessonals, that oYOIu
tionsts hold that has descended from the gorilla
He did not think any monkey now known could be re-
garded as the progentor of On the contrary he
believed that all the facts go TO show that the different
kinds OF monkeys are the modified descendants OF one
ancestor and that the different races OF men nave SIM
ancestors o man aud tue monkey had rrInn'ey
common ancestry II this Wow Do correct IL Is III NdIh
he thought, to look for the " missing lnk''
CAUSE OF TIE COLD OF GLACIAL ERAs-Vari-
ous theories have been prOpounded TO account for the
great climatic changes which have taken place on the
earth at immense intervals. DIR. Crol high authority
on the subject gives this explanations "Hhen the eccen
trcty OF the eaths orbit high value and the north
ern winter sostice Is perheon agencies brought
into operation which make the southeast trade winds
stronger than the northeast and compel them to blow
over upon the northern hemisphere rs far probably as
the Tropic OF Cancer The result Is that all the great
equatorial waters OF the ocean are mpeled into the
northern hemisphere which thus IN consequence Of tho
immense accumulation or warm water has Its tempera
t,re ased nd and To great extent must
then disappear from the Arctic regions When the pre-
10 aphelOn the condition OF things on the two heml
spheres reversed and the northeast trades thtn dow
over upon the southern hemisphere, carrying the great
eGuatOriDl currents along with them. The warm water
being thus wholly Withdrawn from tho northern hemls
phere its temperature sinks enormously and snow and
leo begin 10 accumulate In temperate TeglOns The
Of precipitation in the form OIL sn0" III temper
ate regions s at the same time increased
tne excess OF evaporation in low attitudes, resulting
from the of the sun In perlheliOn during Sum-
mer The final result, therefore, II. tha those warm
and cold perIOds winch have alternately prevailed dur
ing past ages simply the great secular Summers aud
Winters of our globe, depending "a rny aS the annual
ones do upon planetary motions, and ike them also full
nlins some important ends in the economy of nature
THE GREAT LAKES NOT OF GLACIAL ORIGIN.
Mr. George Nav, f. L. g., discussing IN The GeOlo0ca
M0gd.tae the origin OF the great lakes states among
other facts that the bottom Of Lake Ontario Is 3G5 feet
below tho sealeve and GOO feet below its own outlet
into the st. LawreDce OF Erc 462 feet above the
OF Huron 1I5 feet above OF Lako Superior 60 feet
below the seaeve and concludes that the idea OF the
excavation Of Ontario TO depth OF 600 feet by glacier
action Is wholly untcnabe and that the theory OF glacial
walton for the chain OF large lakes must bc S." aside
IN Which, says The American Journal Of Science he Is
plainly right. Mr.. Nav claims that the lake dcprcs
siOns are Of pOst-glaclal origin.
THE SEA OF KARA.-Favorable accounts
have been received Of the expedition IN the Northern
seas under the explorer NOrdenskiOd Sailing from the
Northern coast OF Norway, July 20, the expedition
reached IngOr on tho 30th, and DicksODs
hamm on August G. On August TO- tho expedition was
70 sail in gouthcasery direction. The Sea of Kara was
found nearly Of ice, and very little ice encu
bered rs far as Dcksonshamn. All the ombers were In
good health II appears says La Rerue Seienqte that
tho route, which has been opened discovered
Ii.