Connecticut western news., 1878-11-06
FARM AND GARDEN.
ORCHARD AND NURSERY,

OnOhAnD ANO NURSERY.
 It would seem to go without saying, that in a season of abundance, poor fruit has poor chance in the market-and it seems to many needless repetition to insist that it will pay to assort the fruit. We usually advise making three grades, first and second for market, and third to be used at home. This year, two grades are enough the very best for market, and all the rest to be left at home, as this year seconds " will not pay expenses.
 Make oU Snug for Winter.-Fences and gates, especially of young orchard, need to be cattle-proof. Surface drains are to be made to let off standing water. If the orchard needs under draining, there will be no better time to do it than now.
 4 Mound of Earth around the base of the trunk will be of great service to young trees, especially those planted last spring or this fall :; this may be twelve to twenty inches high, made steep and smooth reject all sods and rubbish, and lay it up solid. This will support the tree better than stakes as usually put in, and be of great service in keeping off mice.
 Rabbits may be trapped; where they are abundant, blood is found the best application to keep them off, a sprinkling with swab being all that is needed. Where blood is not available, liver, or bloody meat, may be rubbed on the trunks |; rabbits have a great distaste for animal substances, and whatever will smear the tree with blood or meat will answer. A few frees may be protected by binding pieces of lath, cornstalks or tarred paper around the tree, using wire to keep them in place.
 Cider and Vinegar best cider is made in cool weather, as fermentation goes on slowly for vinegar it makes no difference.
 70 Keep Fruit, the lowest tempera- ture short of freezing, and unchanged, is required. In mild weather, open the fruit cellar at night, and close it very early in the morning. Fruit gives of, in ripening, @ large amount of carboIic acid, which helps retard the ripening but in fruit cellars under dwellings, this should be carried off by ventilator, as it is detrimental to the health of the family.
 Planting may be done whenever the weather suits, but not when the air is freezing cold, or the soil is full of icy clods.
 Caons may be cut as soon as the leaves are off label and preserve in sand, or, what is better, fresh sawdust Keep in cool cellar or pit.
 Stocks tor Root-grafting should be taken up before the ground freezes, as- sorted, tied in convenient bundles and placed in the cellar or in pit, with their roots well covered with earth, or set in boxes with an abundance of soil among the roots.
 Seeds for those who raise their own stocks should be secured. Apple seed is separated from pomace; small lots may be managed by pounding the pomace in barrel with water, and washing off the pulp; dry the seed we'll before putting it away. Stones of peaches and cherries need to be exposed to freezing and thawing in boxes of sand or soil.
 Furious Matters. up rubbish in the orchard. Commence the war on insects by removing the clusters of eggs found near the ends of the twigs. Pick up all refuse fruit and give it to the pigs, to dispose of what insects may be within. -Agr5culturistt tor November.