davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-08-28

SUGAR.
An ESSAY read before the Lcuisi-
ana Sugar Planters .Assocls-
fion, by I'll. Steden1t1ka'

Having made quite an extended
observation of the sugar district last
season, and fallen upon perhaps one
Of the most disastrous years ever
experienced in Louisiana sugar plant
ing. | have thought few deduc-
tions forced upon me by what | saw
would not come amiss, not because
they are not apparent 60 many in go
intelligent a body, but because | be-
licvc them to be facts which cannot
be too often impressed upon the
minds of the planting community,
and may, by their repetition, awaken
the sugar interests TO increasing ac-
tivity in providing against the pres
sure brought to bear upon their IN
dustry in the outside world.
When this State was covered with
virgin soil its fertility must have been
very great, as is also indicated by its
formation, for how else could it have
resisted, even so far. such a number
of exhausting crops without rest, and
almost without any return, as have
been crown upon it for nearly CEN
fury
1t Ia the experience Of beet sugar
growing countries that from ten to
fifteen years of continuous beet sugar
cultivation suffice to exhaust the best
soils, ii not properly fertilized.
The same experience exists in many
of the cane sugar countries, aud this
to some measure will be more and
more the case with the sugar lands
Of louisiana, and it is only from ag-
ricultural chemistry and science that
light and help can be expected SO as
to enrich the lands and increase
their productiveness.
Sugar cane would not be very ex-
hausting, and It's cultivation might
even enrich the land, if nothing but
sugar in its purest form were remoy-
ed. Sugar contains carbon ~, hy-
drogen 10, oxygen 10, which would
be ample proof that sugar is priuoi-
pally a product Of the atmosphere,
and what the sugar cane at full ma
.urity contains is shown by the fol-
lowing analysis of Stenhouse
Celluloeo and woody fiber. ....... 9.08
sugar. .--.--'.-------.-'-'-- AS.S S
Aiburnen and other heterogeneous mat
cr ss5; and cooiina matter. o.sS
Soluble salts. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS O.ls
Now, If We look at the constitu.
ents Of which the unripe cane is com
posed, we shall find the following,
established by scientific research: !.
Woody fber-Carbdh 1s, hydro
gen 3, oxygen 3.
Cellular fbor-Carbon 70, hydro
gen 10, oxygen 10.
Starsh-Carbon 10, hydrogen 10
Oxygen 10.
Guia-Car5oo 70, hydrogen &c
Oxygen 10.
Cane Sagar-Carbon l2, hgdroso.
10, oxygen To-
Grape Sugar-Car5cn ~, hydro
gen 10, Oxygen IL.
All the above substances arc pres
emit IN variable quantities in the un
ripe Louisiaua sugar cane, and
should be the study Of the ptante
to assist the transition Of some Q.
thesa constituents into another al
principally cane sugar, by the prey
er uoarishment abundantsy supplies
TO Inc roots.
The analysis of the ashes Of th
caae ahows what substances hav
bsea 2itndrawn from the soil as til
baes Cor cha production Of sugar
tl,aae aro:
Gasoa ..........---..--.-Ss. s--..---. %
Naatt. -..-.....--- 49,
4, A4 ....+ ---.,---. ~
riaxjeala. o. aL------- @
it, & t9iciHNn- .-!.-e.-;--.--'~--- O.;
u-.f.uric Gg4G -...----------. =,
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-08-28
NOTlCE-Insh the County Court and

~ Of Probate. VoIasla County, Florida.
Notice is hereby given that after six
months publication Of this notice. / shall
apply to tho County Judge OF Volusia
Ger nty, for b discharge from my adu luis
trat5cu as a1uliriStTaGcr o. the estate OF tie
late James Ell. EIwood. deceased.
Mosite d also hiraby given taat all ac-
counts against said estate. net exhibited
to me within two years after the date OF
my letters of adminishati0n tf said estate ,
be tower barred. o. which all creditors
q. d uerao0s cut;tlcd SO distribution will
ako notice. A. e. ELW0OD.
administrator & 20.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1878-08-28

M Office is hereby given, That the
Az Board Of PEblic Insb uciiop viii meet
at E.l5err rise, " lIisia county, Fltrda, on
the iirS5 Mouu0y in Septenbei next 10 ex-
arrangements for The Inc uiIg gchOllstlc.
ypSr. JAS II. CHANDLER,
IA l5 Ssc'yand County Slp'ttt SekoUc.
rt .A... .,pGt
ssagseaE Se.n Tcg a. t,ass n ssaasWr
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06
4 Great sseap, Ilammcr.

The steam hammer recently com
pleted at Crsusot, is he largest aad
most powerful instrument of the kind
in the world. The hammer in the
workshop Of Herr Krupp at Essen.
eiahs City tons, and descends
through q maximim space of three
metres; but the hammer OF the Creu-
sot engine, weighs between sventy-
five and eighty tons, has a course of
five metres; the energy of the blow
struck by it being 412,500 kilo-
gramme metres, while the Krupp in
strnment can only develop 100000
kilogramme-meres Of work. The
foundation on which the !anvil rests
consists Of a masonry five metres in
depth the space between the level
of the ground and the cast iron table
being filed ia with stout wooden
beams, disposed alternately in hori-
zjutal and vertica layers, so a to
give an elastic bed. Altogether, 100
cubic metres Of cast iron, 100 cubic
metres Of wood, and 1000 cubic me-
tres Of masonry have been employed
to form this foundation. Special ap-
araJus has also been provided for the
transport and keeping in position of
blocks Of steel weighing from 100 TO
l20 tons, and which can be forged by
the new hammer; and four steam
crales are arranged around this lat
ter, three Of them capable ct lifting
and revolving silh weight Of LOG
tons, and able to carry $50 tons.
Each crane IS also provided with
special machinery for causing the
weight lif.ed by il to rotate about is
own axis
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06

\ correspondent writing from Par
is to the Graphic, says: \ little Dit
Of gossip has recently interested the
community respecting one Ofthe stars
Of the lyric ornament. A week or
two ago, just before New Years, in
fact, superb necklace, composed of
three rows of very larges and perfect
pearls, fastened with clasp formed
OF a single sapphire set in diamonds,
was offered for sale at the Hotel
DunOt. 1t was on exhibition for
some days, and crowds of people
went to see ii, attracted by the an
nouucement that it had originally
cost $50, 600 When the day OF sale
arrived no one would bid anything
like the price at which it was held,
namely, $4,000, and it was conse-
quenlly withdrawn 1t now leaks out
that this splendid ornament was the
1 property of Adelina Patti. BY the
terms OF the deed of separation she
was obliged to divide all her proper
ity with her husband. and so paid him
halt the value Of her jewels that she
did not wish to have sold. When this
necklace was valued the Marquis de
Caux refused to accept the estimate
Of the expert, and forced Nine Patti
to offer il at public sale. The resul;
Of the experiment will probably make
him wiling 20 accept his wife's Of
/ fer.
/ VI, Halan2ier mas tried to engage
Nieolini TO sing for short season at
the Grand Opera As bis lordship
refused any terms whatever, unless
"nis Adelina," as be calls her, was
engaged at the same time, the negO-
tiations came to naught
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06
water Proof Roots.

II stood ia mud and water two OF
three inches deep for ten hours o day
for week without feeling any damp.
ness or having any difficulty ia get
ling Oh my boots. If you would be
equally successful, before weating
the boots, give the bottoms q good
coating of tall1w and coal tar and
dry it in; then oil the uppers with
castor oil, when one teaspoonful will
be sufficient. If the weather should
be rainy, or you are compelled to
work 10 water during the day. wash
your boots clean at night, hold them
by the FIRE, and you will have nc
trouble about your boots getting
hard and shrinking up so that You
cannot get them on. If the leather
should become red, give coat of or
dinary shoe blacking before oiling
The effect OF castor oil is to soften
the leather, while 1t fills the pores
and prevents the water from enter
ing.-Cor. Indiana Farmer.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06
Monte DE Pieta.

/ The Consul at Florence sends 20
the Department of State, Washing
ton, an interesting sketch of the use
and working of the government loan
institutions Monte de Pieta) of Italy
First introduced by Bernardo Da
Feltri, toward the close ofthe Fifteenth
century, for the relief of the indi-
gent against Hebrew usury, it acniev-
ed success, and the mOney-lending
Jews were banished from Florence.
The iirst establishment started
with capital of S2S9l, which increns-
ed through governmental and private
bounty 10 some $4,000 in 1880.
Profits in excess of expenses were di-
vided among the pledgers, or distri-
buted TO the city poor For four
centuries, through political and social
changes of Italy, the institution has
prospered and enlarged its work Of
aiding the poor, but not enriebing
itself at their expense.
On the lst Of January, 1876, the
operations Of the Monte de Piets, Of
Florence. were greatly enlarged by
the opening Of new edifce, especial
ly SBd completely adapted for the
reception, storage aud sale Il pledges.
IL is 10 charge of tE0 stewards only.
responsible under heavy bonds, and
appJinted Tor two years Business is
cJn luc ed 10 twO sections, each for
term Uf TWO wears, ibe frst year for
the receipt Of pledges, and the second
tOr liquidation Of accounts and sale
fu1sedUemed pledges Fac. sec ion
is 10 charge OF its steward, 50 thit the
receiver of The one year becomes the
lender The next, AID AZ the close Of
the second year his store-ro, ms are
entirely empty, aud his balance sheet
prepared for Submission 10 the govern
ment. with such accuracy that The de
iic.l FIR 1876 was but thirty fOBr
francs out CT total business Of $500,
900 francs.
The institution is Of great utility to
all classes; even the higher social
classes resort to it without hesiLancy
for relief from temporary embarsss-
ment, but the INDECENT are most espe-
cially benefited, the low charges on
their pledges not being enough to
DELAY even working expenses, in
marked contrast to the exorbitant
profits Of INSCRIPTIONS private pawn
brokers.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06

do thar themselves. But I'm in no
hurry.
Thea We came 10 pretty little
place where We stopped to get
drink aud change horses. A pretty
little woman stood in the door with a
still pFettier baby. and told as that
her John bad gone 70 Stockton. and
had promised 20 be home tie nigh,
before, but she would bet ANYTHING
that he Lad tg.ed III % san Francis
co; 1t was just Ike him, aad if be
bad. Just wait till be got back. aud
she would teach him something Ste
l0eked.es though sue meant IL, aud
bope she ali ijF !. eil prove GER
tain waat o. G5m q matter cf d3gbt.
az 10 whether a usg c,a be sughr
20 behave himseil 90 uut
Thea several more Na'efiog places
were passed. mvFe moBaisi1s were
passed through murc pass, myers re
ceiFed, and se weut tnfoagh ibs tell
gate 10 Tie Sal Spring Valley
There everything was green dark
aud vivid green, and the grass was
coarse like thas near the salt marshes
of the seaside counties. .Fhe air
seemed peculiarly refreshing through
this place, bat 40 trees were 70 b.
seen.
The mountains ar0und rise abrupt
ly from the edge of she large plain az
the bottom, and the grass within
three yards changes from rich, living
green TO pale, dry, yellow
did not see the springs, but Ia
dy told ne they were as salt as the
sea, and that ailing cattle were driv-
en- down here. and were always
cured by the salt grass and water
Our road then KEEP, on for many
miles through mountains mere and
mare rugged AID grand, till we came
to q place called Whisky something,
and don't know the rest. A8y way
il bad, or had had something to DO
with whisky some time or other,
which, Of course, makes il remarka-
BILE for a mining town. II is not a
beautiful city ] thought it seemed
to look a. though the builders had
been obiiviOus Of every line Of beauty
o grace in its plan aud execution.
After leaving that place we ratified
along through the mountains again,
past groves Of tall trees and beauti-
fol shrubs that might have been
planted wi, an especial eve 10 beau
~ By mortal hands, 50 perfectly ar
ranged and symmetrical they appear
ed.
One old English gentleman who
was along. said: "Ah, this looks ike
my iutim. T. friend the Duke Of Cam
bridges rsIk1
And where may tina. be situatedl"
asked q lady, suddenly.
at london, Of course, " said be,
p0mpJusly; whereat we smiled with
pleasure al meeting the intimate
friend, etc.
We arrived a. Angels Caap but
finding that this letter win exceed my
space, ! will take an authors privi-
lege and continue il to our next.
Olive HARPER.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06
THE GOLDEN MILESTONE.
II. v. LoNGFELLow.


Lsaaess are the trees thei- purple branches
Spread themselves abroad, Ike reefs of coral,
Rising silent
In the Read Sea Of the winter sunset.
From the hundred chimneys of the village,
Like the Afreet in the Arabian story,
smoky columns
Tower aloft into tho air Of amber.
All the window sinks the aiczoring arenght
Hore and there the lamps OF feyenipg glimmer,
Social watehnres
Answering une another through the darkness.
On tle hearth the lighted logs are glowing,
And, like Ariel IN the cloyen piac tree,
For its freedom
Grams AMI slghs the air inp-Isoloi in iiiem
by the nreslde there arc ola men seated,
Seeir z ruined cities in the ashes,
Asking sadly
OF the past what # can ue'cr restore thcin-
by the areside there are youthful drcamers,
Building castles fair, with stately s,airways,
Asking blandly
OF the future what Il cannot give th-ln
by the nrcsidc tragedies are acted,
In whose scencsappelr two actors only
Wife and husband,
And above ,hein God, the sole spectator.
By the hreside there are peace aud comfort;
Wives and chiidr n, with iair, Thoughtful iItces-
Waiting, watching
For a well known footsieP in tie passage.
Each mans chimney is his Golden Milestone;
Is the centre point from which he measures
livery distance
Through The gateways OF the world around him
In his mrthest wandering stili lc secs It,
Hears the talking flame, the answering uisht
wind,
s he heard them
when he sat with those who were, butHow are not
Happy he who neither wealth nor fashion,
Nor the march Of the encro1ching city,
Drives an exile
From the hearth of mis- ancestral homestead.
We may builI more splendid habitations,
I'm cur rooms with paintings and with sculptures
Eut We cannot
Buy with goli the olI ass3cilii ms.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06

I tell you hat he Is our cousin, Walter
Morton thar shall be the mistress
Of Merton Piaec, and tha, yen will
reign Ia very truth, in ;he halls Of
foar ancestors, Of whom you have
spoken so ofteH'
And she laughed aud cried. both
Iiu one breath, upon the old lady's
neck
Bless my soul!' said Mrs. Clifford,
dropping her spectacle case and crack
iDg the lenses straight across.
Bat she made no objection to the
'fend in human shape and Miss Re
samoad soon took 10 herself another
local habitasio1 aud a name =
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06
q sYon,lerGmi career.

Henry VI. Stanley. the African ex
plorer, says the Cincinnati G1zette, i:
/ jus, nov the lion Of foreign court;
aud scientific circles. Oa reaching
( Egypt the Khedive presented hin
With an honorable decoration accord
ed to few, aad he was banquetted bJ
the celebrities Of Cairo At Rome be
received tie medal which Victor En-.
manuel would have presented with
his own hands had be lived The
other cities Of Italy have sent CON-
lplimentary5 messages TO him, and he
/ has been enthusiastically welcomed
ut MarseilIes. New triumphs await
him at Paris aud London, which none
viii grudge him; for the descent Of
the Congo 10 the face Of almost ir-
slperable obstacles was not only one
/ Of tie greatest achievements Of travel,
bat would have been creditable to a
( regular army. The only drawback
is that IT turns out that Stanley is an
American only by adoption. His
friends may have known the truth,
int the majority Of people have be-
lieyed The statement that be was
born in Pennsylvania Mr.. \. II.
Guernsey, in the current number Of
Appleioa5 Journal, says:
"Heurv u. Stanley, (fjr be has
good right 50 TO call himself, although
bis original name was John Row
lands was born near Denbigh, in
Wales, in 1910, aud of parentage so
lowly that at the age Of three years
be was placed in the poorhouse at st.
Asaft, where he remained for ten
years and received an education which
gained for him a place as teacher in
a school at Mold, in FlintshiTe. When
fifteen years CID he shipped as cabin
boy on board a vessel bound for New
Orleans. Here hefJund employment
with . merchant named Stanley, who
soon adopted the lad, and bestowed
upon him bis own name. But his
patron died leaving 10 will. The
civil war broke OUT, and young Stan
ley entered the Confederate army.
He was taken prisoner, and soon af-
ter volunteered in the service Of tho
Union, becoming ensign on the iron
clad riconderoga. After the close Of
the war he entered upon the profes-
sion Of journalism, aud Travelled as a
newspaper correspondent in Turkey
and Asia Minor. paying visit to his
native Wales, aad to the poorhouse
where bis childhood had been passed,
and Of which be eltertained a CRATE
ful recollection. To the good educa-
ton which be received there, he said
that he owed all that be was, and all
that he hspad 20 be IN 1861 he re
turned to America, and was sent by
the New York Herald as military
correspondent with the British army
in lhe Abyssini2n war"
Next came his search for Living.
stone. followed by his great expedi-
tion. jus; concluded On these we
need not dwell. Time works wondrous
changes. The paper ola quarter of a
century ago IS now the welcome guest
Of monarchs, and the admiration of
saran.s, and of all who recognize
pluck and talent. ifWales gave him
birth, our Welsh fellow citizens, at
least, can rei9iee in the fact, while
beth North and South can claim a
share in giving him the military ex-
perienee that has proven so useful
in his fights with cannibals On the
whole, q more remarkable illustra-
ton Of the power Of genius to over
come the disadvantages Of birth has
rarely been afforded.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06

WIMTE0 Farms 10 sell and exchange. We
FFHR u L u have hnndrcds or customers
wanting 10 buy iArlns iust now. Never knew a
better time 20 sell Acres at air prices rs people
are lining money lr0m hanks and seeking kcfcs
ioi safety. Address JAMES,
PittsbnTgh Farm Agasy, Ia Smithfcla st
PIT bureh, Pa.
ThoSe IN search Of iarmy send ioF printed Fa.m
Register.
s0y.2s
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06

Garibaldi, the great Italian patriot
and liberator, is bright and healthy,
and threatens to outliSe the Pope,
whose temporal power he dds much
to curtail.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1878-02-06

"Who is your warmest friend?"
asked the teacher "My mother" F."
yelled one of the boys. "Your moth
er ?'' "Yes, size warns me every
dsy ~
New-York tribune., 1878-10-12
WASHINGTON NOTES.

WASHINGTON, Friday OCT IL, 1879
The subscriptions to the per cent loan to-day were
$3s, 400
The contract for the construction OF two lfesaving
station houses on the coast Of NewJerscy at Long
Branch and the other at Wreck Pond has been
to Isaac b. Jacobs OF Brooklyn, n T., at S25eo each
he being the lowest bidder.
Miss Isabella Carter sister Of Special Agent Carter
OF the Interior Department. who recently died OF yellow
fever while investigating timber depredatoDs has been
appointed cOpyist in the Land ONCE
General W. KryzanOwski, OF California, has been ap
pointed special agent of the Treasury Department at
Panama The duty Of the agent at that point is TO look
the interests OF the Government In goods shipped
70 and from California by way OF the lsthmus.
According to a dispatch just received at the Depart
men of State from the American Minister az Parls Cap
tains Renault and Mner Of Bordeaux and Dunkrs, re-
port having fallen In with ship supposed 10 be Amer
can, near the Bermudas abandoned by It's crew, ana
sunk In shallow water on the taf1a OF tle Vessel WaH
the inscription: &" Louisa Birdsall Tones RIVER new
Jersey"
The United states Consul at Annoy in China, writes
that lead in pigs IT, OF all the metals next in Importance
10 iron in that country Yet it was only recently made
clear that the surplus Lead % IN He ao for want
Of market, could be sent to China al pront ana may
be sold at figures far below the current prices oi
European lead.
The work upon tho thirteen new lifCsaying stations
on the coasts Of Virginia and North Carolina s being
pushed forward rapidly, and the stations VIII ne com
peted by the middle OF next month Three other new
Stations on the Delaware aud Maryland coasts Will he
completed soon afterward All or the old ones on these
coasts manned and in iull operation. Keepers
for the new stations will be appointed next month
Count Iitta, the Italian Minister, in communication
TO the Secretary OF state says that the treaty Of August
IL 1867 between the United States and Italy, which
grants certain commercial privileges not now existing
between Italy and France and the existence OF two
ueagcs in custom hOnse matters has rendered le reo
uctOn OF certificates Of origin ndispensaby necessary
THIS new regulation took effect August lOf gOOds lOu
European countries bordering on the Mediterranean ana
Black Seas and on September l. Tor sOouS Hoh o'hel
places.
New-York tribune., 1878-10-12
DISSENSION IN TIE GRAIN TRADE.
THE BUFFALO BOARD OF TRADE REPLIES TO THE
NEw-YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE

TIE BUFFALO BOARD OF TRADE REPLIES TO THE
NEw-YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE.
The recent letter of President Edison, OF the
Produce Exchange protesting against the action OF ne
Buffalo Eevating Company in increasing lts rates lo
transferring grain from lake to eanal-Doats'
which was authorized by the members OF tue
Exchange at an indignation meeting held last month,
has called forth reply from HAbe president OF the
Buffalo Board OF Trade to whom the letter was sent Mr.
Abel asserts that simply absurd to that the in
OF 372 per per bushe elevator charges VIII
tend to divert the grain trnde from New-York In
favor of other Atlantic ports. He claims that
the Western Eevating Company OF Bunalo
had joined without any formal areemenp other
interests In their reduction of charges to meet
competition, by reducing their rates to onehalf OF what
breaking faith with the state, he says that
authority to any one to say to any aiS oniGer
OF tne S[atS %naE they wOHG GpSe canal and the
lake ireghts which have been increased enormously
which tend to divert the trade from New-York.
From the insurance companies IL was learned that
cents frstcass boats, and from go cents 10 81 80
on fourth-class boats; aud. In me same pro 10
cents hundred bushels third;class boats
conference of the insurance men effected eomolns-
tiOn which has increased the rates twice this season.
and is said another advance is under consideration
Lake insurance has also been increased to 20 cents on
at the beginning of the season, 5l2 cents bushe on
wheat and Az cents bushel corn, from Buffalo,
have increased TO sl2 cents wheat and 9 cents
on Lake frcghts have been increased from "
cents bushe TO 4l4 cents on wheat, and from li2
cents to cents corn. to Buffalo, These rates are
considered low The cost OF bringing bushel OF wheat
from the Mississippi River TO New-York. at theresent
rate is Freight to Chicago 10 cents storage commits
sion and insurance IN Chicago, 22 cents; lake freight
to Buffalo, 4l4 cents; lake insurance, 1l9 cents
eeyatnc and storing in Buffalo. cent canal freight
To NewYOrk, Sa cents canal insurance, Z cent to
tai, 274 out OF the amount paid by the bOaman
for insurance, the insurance company pay draw
back commission the shipper who in turn divides
with the person from whom he receives his business.
bOatman was asked IL this not imposition upon
the Doatmen and he replied that It was.