The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-06-30
WHAT rs ooINo ON IN EUROPE

Herzegovina. The duration of the occupation
has not been fixed. The Turkish representa-
uves have. of course, protested against any such
arrangement, but their protest has rs much
weight as that Of chicken directing to being
broiled. 1t was predicted in these columns at
the very outset OF tho Turko- Russian war that
the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to
the empire OF Francis Joseph would be among
the first results. These two provinces const-
tuted the bride by means Of which Russia Sc
cured the neutrality OF Austria and was enabled
to cross the Danube.
Now that the work Of the representatives Of
European diplomacy has actually begun. it may
not be unintcrcsting to glance at some of the
distinguished individuals to whose delibera-
lions tho settlement OF the Eastern question.
and OF the fate of the Turkish empire. is in
trusted.
or the main figure OF the Congress there
is little to cay. His life and career are well
known to everybody. Son of a poor and modest
literary man. BENJAMIN Disraeli followed in the
footsteps Of his father far ~ regards pow
erty and literary ability. but certainly not In the
matter OF modesty. The obscure Hebrew who
came forward some fifty odd years ago the
author OF Vivian Grey ID now the Earl OF
Beaconsfed, Grand Vlzier OF Great Britain
and probable Duke. His start in political life
was marked by series OF failures. notably his
maiden speech when he succeeded at last in
obtaining seat in Parliament for the borough
Of Maidstone. The House Of Commons refused
to listen to him. He simply said: " am not
surprised at the reception have experienced.
have begun several things. and have often
succeeded at last l shall sit down now; but
the time will come when you will hear me-"
They have heard him. lie was then 80 years Of
age; he is ~ now.
The Lieutenant Of Lord Beacons1eld is the
Marquis OF Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot
Gascoyne Cecil, p c.. Earl OF Salisbury. county
Wits Viscount Cranborne. county Dorset and
Baron Cecil OF Essendine county Rutland. He
began his political career as member for
Stamford. HI was Secretary OF State for India
from 1866 to 1867. and was reapponted to the
same post in 1874. He succeeded his father in
1868 Being junior member Of the family. he
had to work for his living when he was young
and. as in Disraelis case. literature supplied
him with the means Of gentlemany existence.
The articles he wrote for the monthly and
weekly reviews are still remembered. He is As
years old was educated at Eton, and graduated
at Christ Church Oxford but has as little
knowledge OF foreign languages as his chief
1t must be remembered. however. that Disraeli
has described the English race rs peculiarly
AI1ssn anu nout III lutlI immunity 10 sp'uh
more than one language and their love Of lifc
in open air. Both the Grand Nizier and his
Lieutenant talk English Mt tho Congress. the
usual language Of which is French. But the
members u the distinguished assembly listen
TO them with as much delight as did the congre-
cation OF De Quncey's old clergyman. who
knew a little Hebrew and used TO quote texts
" in the very words used by the Holy Ghost"
The third representative OF England Is the
British Ambassador TO the German Court. the
Right Hon. Sir Odo William Russell, styled by
courtesy Lord Odo Russell. He can speak al
most any language. having been in the dplo-
matte service all his life and haTns cs"d HE
best efforts to pick up the tongues Of the vari-
GUS countries he has lived In. He is the young
est son OF MAJ. Gen. Lord George William Rus
sell. second son Of the Duke Of Bedford and
was raised TO the rank Of Dukes son
by royal warrant in 1872 He entered the
service in 1919 and has ever since occupied
prominent positions In the diplomatic and So
cial centres Of Austria, France. Italy Turkey.
and Germany. Some years ago he was men,
Der Of the British Embassy in this country. In
1870 he filled. for a short time. the post Of I'm
der Secretary Of State for Foreign Affairs.
The chiefrepresentatTes Of Russia are Prince
GortchakofI and Count Schouvalof The for
mer is eighty and the latter about fiftyhvc
years Of age Prince Gortchakoff is n descend
ant ~ an ancient stock Of Russian nobility He
WINS educated with the creat national noet Of
his country. Alexander Pouschkiu. at the
Lvceum of Care oe-Selo. "A kind of Russian
Eton. Tho two friends were among the first
matriculants Of that college. Afterhaving gradu-
ated he entered the diplomatic service and began
his career nj the Congresses Of Iaybach and
! Verona as ono Of the clerks of the late Coun,
| Nesselrode. In 1924 he was Secretary of the
Russian Embassy in London: in 1880 he was
| Charge d'Afraires at Florence; in 1910 he nego-
tated the marriage of the Grand Duchess Olga
sister Of the present Car. with the hereditary
Grand Duke of wurtemberg. After the revolu.
ton of ls4s he was appointed Russian plenipo.
tertiary at the Diet Of Frankfort. In 1854 he
was Ambassador at Vienna. and. soon after
that. Minister Of Foreign Affairs. He is sick
worn out bodily: bu, mentally he is as bright
and cunning a. any Russian diplomatist. He
belongs to the old school of Nesselrode and
Pozzo di Borgo. speaks half n dozen languages
is an indefatirable worker. and is very fond Of
the ballet His eldest son is Russian Minister
in Switzerland.