The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1878-01-25

travels all over anu gets Vsrtot3s ifou unoi
emit localities, but don't DO any better than
| do; varieties vary with soil and cultivatlon;-
can't raise the larger varieties on sandy SOIL
/ believe we can raise the same varieties Of
oats potatoes, corn or wheat for a series Of
years and do well. Does wheat mix in the
ear;-is that sol Prof Ingersoll said the Re-
port Of the Board of Agriculture, at page 75
| gives result OF accurate experiments. Mr. o.
born, of Hamilton, brought yellow corn from
light and from heavy soils; found difference
OF four pounds with time of maturing. Insects
draw weight from wheat. Mr. Simpson, OF Hart
ford, was surprised to hear Mr. Woodman say
that smut would injure seed wheat; he had
been led TO suppose that smut was fungus,
and would poison the plant by being taken into
circulation. Prof Beal said smut is a fungus
in certain seasons smut in seed wheat would
not be noticed; it will blow about; it grows
and develops before 1t appears in wheat. David
woodmsn-why have we smut this year3 The
insects have almost killed it. Prof Beal-Fun-
gus likes damp air; 30 does smut. j J Wood
man Why put lime with seed wheat; is that
advisable? Prof Beal-Do not think that lime
would kill smut. Mr. Breck-My wheat was
badly winter killed; it was on southern slope.
When 1 MANFRED the wheatwa full OF smut
Fl Hendryx-Smut is different this year from
any ever saw before this year it was il small
wheat; we never had it so before. Prof Inger-
SOLVE had smut, with no Hessian fly, on
high, dry ground fog may have caused it.
Thomas Welch-I fed j Woodlands white
corn-fed one hundred hogs, and turned fifty
OF them out as racers-couldn't fat them
Woodman fed his own til January. and then
turned out half OF them as racers. Henry Will
son-I like yellow dent best; 1t will feed more
and sell for mora.
The next paper was by DR. Kedzie, on the
Relative Food Values OF the different Michigan
Varieties of Wheat. The paper Is valuable, but
as 1t has been printed and extensively circula-
ted at the expense of the State, and as the
principal topics therein have appeared in these
columns from time to time during the past
year, we omit it's repetition at this time.
Elisha Durkee-I hive on desert; I would
like to get some idea of the time to cut.
Hendryx-I think there is but little danger of
cutting too early.
Hessian Fly.-Professor Cook opened his
discussion OF this insect pest by giving some of
it's history, the result of it's work and the inn
portance of scientific research for a remedy for
It's ravages. 1t was brought with the Hessians
to America one hundred years ago; 1t has
made periodical appearances ever since it tar
ries for time and then it is gone. Last year
it came in vast numbers. Why this sudden
appearance of so many? Whether from ex-
tinction OF their parasitic foes-the probable
Observation-Disclosures advantage or other IA
vorable circumstances it Is difficult to say. |
The contending forcesnln nature are often too |
occult TO be easily determined. The Professor
believes that Its rsvages vary with the varying
number OF its enemies. When the insects dis
appear the enemies disappear. and when they
appear again they will have full possession un-
nj their enemies can again overpower them.
Again. we notice that, as in case Of the army
worm (scient6c names are omitted but will be
yiven il desirabe) and the chinch-bug, there
8 an obvious relation between their welfare
md certain seasonable peculiarties as to wealth
IT, whether wet or dry, cold or hot. Here
vas given minute description OF the insect,
ts similarity to other dipters, which we omit
Habits: The tiny fly appears in late August or
september; it alghts on the upper surface Of
he leaf Of the young wheat plants; it's eggs are
ed, lodged in the creases of the leaf sometimes
o the number of thirty, sometimes only one.
Eggs hatch IN about four days. The wrinkled
naggot crawls out OF its skIn-like she'll works
own the leaf to the joint just above the roots;
be plant now begins to grow feeble and yell ,
ow; the maggot does not eat the plant-it !
bsorbs Its Juices. The second brood appears I
! May OF the next spring they deposit eggs
nd are ready for the new crop. Remedies -
he first brood appearing in August or Septem- &
er and the second IN May next year, makes a
he seeming ability to lay eggs absolutely GER |
lin they may wait for days or even weeks.
Ie suggest late sowing as a remedy. He had {
,ceived the expression Of the experience OF !
pod farmers from several counties OF our t
tate, and they all seem to confirm this opin- q
N. II most of the wheat Is sown early the O
les, already impatient. lay eggs and die, and
tie sown wheat escapes. II all SOW late only S
Dry late sown wheat goes free. But we must e
AXE remedies universal and effectual let all, 1
ithout exception, SOW a narrow strip about i
Ich field, to be sown later early in September :,
even in August. The flies already waiting,
e outside is always the worst unless the !,
I'D grew wheat that nourished flies the pre- o
Gus year, and such fields suffer most, so we Il
ay expect this early sown, narrow rim to re- fl
i've nearly all the eggs. Leave the balance q
the field till you feel that 1t is dangerous to II
at longer and then pillow under the strip, eggs >
ID all. There are two objections to this - !"
rst, late sown wheat Is apt to winter-kill o.
cond, there is danger of ravages from the II
neat midge should that insect be prevalent. a
,ese objections deem small, when we con- Il
Ter the extent of the rsvages of the Hessan re
;, as it now perplexes us. 1t is now thought IL
some that few varieties are Hessian fly
oof. II wheat must be sown early, by all
cans SOW Fultz, or other varieties OF red ..
leat are better still. In all insect warfare, 81
IN soil and the best OF culture should ever be %
Q watchword. We can alternate families, fc
nch iconsider advantageous; can change g