The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-02-10

higher than In any other European country. and
fully twice as high as in the United States. Even
coal. OF which therc is so much in England is at
least 81 80 higher in London than in New York.
High priced food il certainly not an element OF
cheap production. In the cotton, coal. and iron
Industries wages IRE indeed almost universally
being reduoed from five TO twelve and half per
cent. but it is hard 10 sol how the workman is to
reduce his living expenses to that extent. Ono
Of the pcculiartios of British imports is the large
amount and largo increase Of amount. of for
eign food. No other country so largely depends
upon foreign countries for bread MS this. In
1857 the average consumption OF foreign foods
was tlOfor each person in the United Kingdom /;
in 1876 it was s25. and in 1877 even more than
that.
In 1872. the value Of wooden and worstod
manufactures exported was slGl 90O.OOo in
1877, 1t was but ssG,7 700 0O0-lowcr than in any
other year sinco 1863 In 1872. manufactures
Of iron and steel were exported to- the value OF
$50. 1000. 900: ipls77, only slOO.0O0.OW. Manu-
features " linen showed very slight incrcnso
over 1876. but they were less in value in that
year than in any other since 1850. In very
few eases thcrc is an increase but in taking n
survey OF the whole list. ono notices general
flavor Of decay.
In 1862 the export of British products
amounted TO $500 OnO.OOo. From this time they
increased steadily and rapidly. and in 1871
amounted to si.l15.O0O 900: in 1872. To sl.2Sl,-
O0~ 900 and in 1873. TO ~ .275 Olm,OOO. Here Il
decline SIT i'm. and each year since the figures
have been less than Cor the preceding year.
The value of exports for 1877 was sgD3,OOO 300
a decrease of nearly sl0.00O.OOD 1876.
The figures relating to imports are much
more remarkable than those relating to exports.
The figures given include only such part Of the
total imports as was retained for home con-
umption-rotxports have been deducted. In
1857. imports amounted TO ss2O.OOOOOO: in
1869 to s9l7 100000: in 1871 to 81 1852 900 900
in 1876. to 81 .j95 600 900: and in 1871. to- the
enormous sum of s1.720.000 900. or an increase
OF sl25.O0OO1O over those VI 1916 The total
import for 1877 il officially stated. but the re-
export for that year Is an estimate which. how
ever. is generally assurscd 10y financial authori-
ties to be reasonable one. The items Of in
crease as compared with 1876. are articles Of
food mostly. OF wheat. % per cent. moro was
imported in 1877 than in 1876 of flour. u per
cent. Of barley. 3o.7 per cent. of oats. Is per
cent. Indian corn showed n decrease OF "a per
cent. Wheat is the item that most seriously
affects the grand total; 100000 bushels more
were imported in 1877 than in the previous
year. and the whole amount Of the former 1917
was over l00.0OO.OOO bushels. The United
States. however. sent u slightly smaller guam
tty than in 1876. though its value was cOnsid.
erably greater
In 1859. the adverse balance OF trade amount
ed to sll7 800 600: the following year it was
little more than double that amount: and fol
many succeeding years the balance was aboI
s275OOO,OOO yearly. In the prosperous year OF
1872. IT sank to Hn unusually low figure. From