The Centre reporter. [volume] (Centre Hall, Pa.) 1871-1940, 1878-05-16
NUMBER 20.
Farm, GARDEN AND HOUSEHOLD.


FaFm Notes.
DO not plant trees deeper than u
necessary 30 cover the roots well. Never
place the roots in contact with manure.
Planting need nod be hurried. When
trees arrive from the nnrsery. unpack
them. keeping a sharp eye 10 the labels,
and " heel-in at once.
Watering must be attended 10, and
when the soil gets packed and crusted
between the rows. break il up,or mellow
il with the finger, or n pointed stick.
Grating is best done just aa vegetA-
tion starts. A tree that produces poor
fruit il easily converted into a profitable
tree. The operation in a simple one,
and any intelligent boy can perform H.
Stakes, where trees are properly
planted, are not needed, unless in ex-
posed localities where there are strong
winds, and in Euch cases the orchard
should be protected by a screen OF some
quick-groWing trees that will serve as a
Wind-bneak.
Drains should be cleared Of waste
matter, such as leaves, and other trash
that will interfere With the dow OF wnter.
In digging open drains. the earth should
be thrown out upon ths side opposite 20
that from which the surface water comea.
1t is now that we require rapid, Wig
orous growth, 30 send mp strong spears
from the tiilering roots. A moderate
dressing of some active fertilizer, rich
in ammonia, and with a good supply Of
phosphoric acid for the needs OF the
grain, is precisely what is needed.
Laying out the ground may be done
in squares, the trees in rows, and oppo-
site each other, a common plan for
small orchards, but where the ground is
30 be used 10 the best advantage, the
guiHclnlx method Ia adopted, in which
each tree stands at the corner OF an
equilateral triangle. and il equally dis
tant from six others
A Siiesian farmer has adopted a
method OF imparting 30 butter an aroma
as delicate as that secured from COWS
pastured in the most fragrant meadows.
He suspends in the empty churn a calico
bag filed with fragrant herbs, keeping the
ehurn carefully closed When churn-
ing, be substitutes four smaller bags,
attaching them TO the beaters OF the
churn. The result is thus secured in q
perfectly legitimate and harmless man
ner.
A correspondent states that he kept a
plum tree from curculios by Eprinkling
the ground under the tree with corn
meal. This induced the chickens 10
scratch and search. The meal was
strewn every morning from the time the
trees blossomed until the fruit was large
enough 90 be out Of danger. The con-
sequence was, that the fowls picked mp
the curculios with the meal, and the
tree being saved from the presence of
the insects, was wonderfully fruitful.
BrcediAE stsck en- The Far@.
In view Of the market for choice stock
lately thrown open 10 our farmers by
the expectation Of cattle and meat 10
Europe, il behOoves them % pay in
creased attention 30 the raising OF su-
peuor animals on the farm. A late
report on the American trade, by Pro-
fessor Sheldon, Of tine Cirincester Agrs-
cultural College. England. after furnish
ing a mass Of information on the subject,
comes 30 the conclusion that, despite
some fluctuations, the dead meat trade
will rapidly increase, and that apph-
ances for It's successful management viii
be multiplied here and in Europa. The
profits Of the traffic viii be IN great
measure, proportionate 10 the excellence
Of the product, and the limit 20 the
quantity shipped viii be the stowRge
capacity Of vessels crossing the Atlantic,
for, owing 10 the falling of in our i'm
ports. the number of ships engaged IN
the transatlantic trade viii be too small
10 afford room for large export Of meat
together with other merchandise without
advancing the freight 10 figure that !
will prohibit further eIportation-
The experience Of many thriving
farmers all over the country, proves that |
a better run Of animals is obtained by /
breeding them on the farm than by pur- /
chasing them. More care is bestowed /
in selecting the likely ofsprings Of tried |
they viii so on iattening |
more rapidly and uniformly than strang- /
ers picked mp here and there, for II /
takes some time before these get SC /
quainted and become contented enough 1
70 lay ON fesh kindlyin their new home; 1
and moreover, the tendency Of prices for 1
young stock is upwards, and the proba- 1
bility is very strong that ere long IL viii 1
not pay farmers 10 go into the market /
for Young animals. I'm any case, IL is, MS |
a rule, more profitable 20 breed the /
stock one handles than 10 purchase IL. 1
- Massachusetts PiONghDsda.
Vinegar MAKING.
The apples should be crushed and the l
Juice expressed aud put into good tight I
barrels, with the bung left out. Fer
mentation will follow quite rapidly, and 4
continue for days or weeks, according 4
TO the weather. After the the first fer 4
mentation ceases, draw off the cider |
in order not 10 disturb The /
sediment which will have fallen 70 the
bottom Rinse out the barrel, put the /
cider back, and set in a warm place,
adding pint Of liquid yeast. or half
pound Of yeast cakes previously dis-
solved in two quarts Of water. IL the /
cider is rather weak, two quarts Of mo-
lasses may be added TO strengthen il; /
but usually the cider viii be strong /
enough to make excellent vinegar, and /
too strong; in the latter case /
dilute with rain water, two, three, or
more gallons 30 the barrel; at the close |
Of the second fermentation, the cider /
will generally have become excellent
vinegar. If what is called mother Of |
vinegar can be obtained, n small quanti- |
" may be added with advantage.