The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1878-07-06
RURAL ECONOMY.
Farm and Garden Notes.

Farm and arden NOTES.
SHEEP and swine in the orchards are
recommended to exterminate the codling
moth.
A FLOWER garden should be sunny;
soil, rich black loan, and sheltered from
the wind.
INTERRoGATE your soil experiment.
ally and thus learn what Is needed in the
form of fertilizers to produce thereon
remunerative crops.
SOME gardeners use willow twigs for
tying raspberry canes, as well as currant
and gooseberry stems, to stakes.
! DURING the simmer the earth of the
flower garden will need an occasional
stirring with the rake or hoe, especially
if the summer is dry.
THE health and vigor of full-grown
OK depend greatly upon the food and
care it receives when young. If badly
reared it cannot be expected to become
profitable beast.
IMMEDIATELY after weaving, young
pigs must be fed often, say SIX times a
day, the number of feeds being gradual
ly diminished to three, which latter is
the proper number for stores and fatten-
ing pigs.
DON'T kill the toads. They are the
gardeners best friends, from the fact
that they are the mortal enemies of in
sects and worms that depredate on gar
den vegetables. Being perfectly harm
less, it is far better to carry them into
the garden than to injure them, as is so
frequently done by thoughtless persons.
THE soil of garden, for the growth
of common species of shrubs, perennials,
and ANIMALS, should be rich loan, if
any plants require sand it can easily be
supplied. Peat is but little used in gen.
eral gardening, it is only required for
rhododendrons, azaleas, and In the cul-
ture of some of our fine native plants.
PRECAUTIONS against insects of all
kinds should be adopted early in the
season, because when they are allowed to
be developed to maturity they propagate
eggs in such abundance that it is almost
impossible to keep them under. The
destruction of one early moth is a far
better preventive, than killing a hun
dred caterpillars.
INSTEAD of bringing the horse in when
coated with mud, and sluicing him with
cold or even tepid water, the mud should
be wiped or scraped off SO far as practi
cable, and then the legs wrapped round
till dry. An English veterinary surgeon
declares that hundreds and thousands
of cases of mud fever Scratches or
grease) might be prevented if this plan
were used, instead of excessive wash
ing"
IF you want to keep your hogs, horses
cattle and sheep healthy, give them salt
regularly. There is no better vermifuge
than salt. Much of the so-called hog
cholera is due to intestinal worms.
Plenty of salt would prevent the accu-
mutation of these worms. All animals
desire salt, showing that it is want of
their nature, and undoubted for wise
purposes.
ENGLISH authorities reckon potatoes to
be superior to Swede turnips as 200 to
| 81, to beet root as 200 to 105, and to
cabbases as 200 to 73; 200 parts of raw
potatoes and 175 of boiled are equal to
| 100 parts of hay. An acre of good po-
tatoes yields 600 pounds of gluten, al
bumen and casein, producing muscle;
1880 pounds of starch, gum, sugar and
int, with 20,250 pounds of water; 100
pounds contain y Of starch, gum and
and pound of OIL
A VALUABLE mixture to keep on hand
at this season, is one of coal ashes, sui
phur, and hellebore. The ashes should
be very fine. 1t is best after passing
them through the ordinary coal-ash sieve
To one pailful of ashes thus sifted, add
quart each of -four of sulphur and
hellebore and mix together. For currant
worms, plant lice, cabbage feas, slugs on
pear trees, melon bugs, we found this so
effectual last season, that we confidently
recommend it to our readers. 1t is al
ways best to use it in the cool of the
morning while the dew is upon the leaf.
THE faint, or unpleasant and peculiar
taste which SO much butter possesses,
can be avoided when necessary precau-
tions are taken to prevent the access Of
any kind of odorous vapors to the milk
or cream. Nothing it so strongly alb
sorptive of odors or volatile of f1avors as
butter. 1t absorbs and retains the va
pors from cheese, from meat, and especi-
ally from every kind of decaying vege-
table or animal matter. If improper or
strongly favored food has been given to
COWS, it is the butter made from milk
that the taste of that food will be most
clearly perceived.
AN authority in dairy matters explains
how rancid butter may be greatly i'm
proved and almost restored to its original
excellence, by kneading it well in fresh
milk and then washing thoroughly in
cold water, with an addition of little
salt. In almost every parcel of butter
some small proportion of casein is re-
tanned; and the decomposition of this is
accompanied by the formation of butyric
acid, which causes the unpleasant taste
and smell known as rancidity. This
butyric acid is readily soluble in fresh
milk, and hence can easily be got rid of
by the simple method of treatment rec
commended.
THE wash used for fruit trees at the
government gardens at Washington is
prepared as follows: Put half bushel
of lime and four pounds of powdered
sulphur in a tight barrel, Stacking the
lime with hot water, the mouth of the
barrel being covered with cloth; this
is reduced to the consistency of ordinary
whitewash; add at the time of applica-
tion half an ounce of carDolic acid to
each gallon of liquid. Mr.. Saunders
says: 81 generally applied it in the
spring before the leaves made their APP
pearance, but | am convinced that it
would be more effective if applied later
but then it is difficult to do so when the
tree is in foliage" Mr. Saunders an