The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-10-20

kindle the fires. make baskets and water
buckets. catch small fish, dive for sea eggs
tako care OF the canoes. and upon
binary occasions paddle thcir masters about
while they sit idle. Ftzroy. however. notes q
fact which indicates the beginning OF advance
even. among tho FucGcans namely. that each
pativo Is trained to particular pursuit. ono
becoming an adopt with the spear. another with
the sling. not. however that excellence in one
line had rs yet hlndcrcd them from obtaining
considerable proficiency in all tho others
Among the Tasmanians the women had to
provide all food for the household except
that derived from tho chase OF tho kangaroo.
In fact. among this extinct people the whole
burden Of existence seems to have devolvcd
upon the female sex to an extent nowhere par
allelcd On the other hand. in New Guinea. the
male Papuans seem to take their fair share in
all the harder kinds Of work. Among the
Islands OF the Now Hcbrides group division
of labor is implied by the fact that commerce is
carried on by barter. some islands being IA
nous for tho clubs made there. others for the
stone hntchets. Still moro striking is the pho
nomenon observed in the FIJI Islands. where
the carpenters are a caste. We learn. too. that
when the Fijians sail in n canoe it is always the
duty OF particular person TO attend to the
sheet. These things. coupled with the fact that
wares. seem to place the Fijans at the head OF
he Negri,to races for economical progress.
From the same point Of Wow the Now Xea-
landcrs must be placed Mt the foot of tho Malaga
Polyncsian group. There IL no division OF
labor among them but that existing between the
sexes. nor were the Sandwich Islanders much
further advanced mt the epoch OF Cook s voyage
In Tahiti. on the other hand there Is farmer
class. whilc many Of the natives are fishermen by
trade and the covcring-in Of the ridges OF houses
is a business confined TO those who have been
regularly trained. So too. the building OF
canoes seems to involve more than one diff
ferentiated occupation. some Of the island
ors laying down the keel and building the
hull. some making the sails. and others
adding the ornaments. In Samoa. house,
building is n distinct trade. so is canoe build
ing. also net making and ma. weaving tattoo
ing likewise is a veritablc profession. No
where, however. Is division Of labor carried SO
far MS among tho TonGans. and II was this
doubtless. which Capt. Cook had in Wow when
he declared that n more civilized people did not
exist under the sun, Among the strictly hored-
itary professions are those OF tho boat builder
house carpenter. stone mason. net maker.
fisherman, ivory carver. cook. farmer. and
even undertaken. In Madagascar. previous to
the arrival Of Europeans. the advantages
OF distributed effort were to some extent under
Stood the population being roughly divided
into agriculturs,s. hnndicraitsmcn and buck
stcrs. Carpenters and blacksmiths seem to have
constituted specific trades. while In the domes-
tic arrangements OF the Malagasy most OF tho
employmcnts connected with the providing and
preparing Of food are performed BY slaves.
Passing to the Indian Archipelago. We
find no evidence OF a division Of labor
. In Sumaira. Among the DyGks OF Bornoo. how
3 over. there are completely differentiated occu-
? pations. such rs Of those Of doctor and blacK-
/ smith. There are professional midwivcs. too
! and also sections. whose Office Is hereditary
and to whom n burial fec t. payable Among
/ the Javanese division OF labor is carried 10 n
very considerable extent. Rafflcs mentioning no
less than thirty trades. As regards tho distri-
/ button % work between the sexes the peasnn,
seems ms far advanced in Java as in France. that
is 10 say, the man tills the soil while the woman
weavcs cloth. carries produce TO market,
and lends helping hand in the field Mt certain
seasons. We note another coincidence. namely
that in the transaction Of money concerns the
women OF Java are universally considered SUI
pcrior to tho men ;and from the common laborer
to the chief OF province 1t is usual for the hus-
band 70 intrust his pecuniary affairs entirely to
I his wife. II is proverbnl 10 say that Javan
! men arc fools in money matters. In Java there
IA 10 personal slavery. and the roar crs nre uni.
iormlv paid by receiving a portion 81 the crop
/ Perna.s the most striking feature NJ Prof
I Dunrnns unique and exhaustive compilation /.
the vast accumulation under groups suggested
, by Mr.. Slrncer. OF facts Illustrating tho super.
stitions. funeral rites. and ecclesiastical sys
tens OF tho lowest races lu; before advertnr
To that SUBJECT some attention should Ice paid t.
the domc-tr and martha relations. Hero acnir
g.. "a
development beginning with the Yeddahs. a.
tho lowest point They tho Neddahs have II,
marriage rites tunless the tying OF q strinl
around the bridaSroom's waist bc nccuun'e,
emhleinnticl. but they acknowlede, the MARTA
obligation and the duty Of supporting thcii
I own families. Each hut contains but n singl,
household. and tho men are extremely lcalou,
, OF their uaa,tractive wives. being careful /,
keep them apart from their companions. hi
vorce Is unknown among the Vcddnhs
So. too. are hiGamy and polyandry. although
tho latter revolving practice prevails anton.
their Cnndynn neghbors throughout the into
rior Of Ccylon. chiefly among the weahic
classes. one rich woman having frequent
three or four husbands. and sometimes six o
seven. There still exists however. among tn
Ntlgala Ncddahs strange custom. equally Of
fensive TO the civilized mind. 1t seem
'H"t "luoHE lhcm 10 marry an elder sister q
/ aunt is accounted no less ncestuous and repng
nnnt than II would I've among us: yet n uniol
with younger sister is doomed natural an
proner As 10 the marriage laws OF tho Anda
mans very little has boon Gscnualncd. but IT
said that the man only romans with the woman
until child is born and wcsncd. and then sock
another wife. The Fuosians arc said by Oar
win TO b" polyGanists but our knowledge q
their marital rotations is very mcagrc. Anon
the Australians the mere surrender Of th
girl by the mother. with the consent Of III
rest Of tho tribe. constitutes. aocordu
tn some authorities. the whole marrms
ceremony. But Angas states that who
native of New South Wales has selected We
man for his wife he comes secretly upon hel
s,upeiics her with blows on the head ami drag
her OF. This Of course is 10 bo con
strucd as a survival Of the capture mar
rage' According to MITCHELL the natives mr.
polysamists. Most Of the mon appear to pos
scss two females the pair in general consstin
ot fat plump gin and one much Younger.
The same writer tells us that the natives ar
very DESTROYS to obtain the gins u
wives of other tribes. either by hl