The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1878-04-16
Off FOR AFRICA.
A Ship Load of Colored Men Leave
To-Day for Liberia.
ANOTHER MAYFLOWER.
History of the Colonization
Scheme in the South.
VISIONS OF ARCADIA
Recrossing the Ocean Under I'm
proved Circumstances.
lBY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD. ~

CHARLESTON, April 10, 1878.
The Liberan enigrant ship Axor Is expected TO
sail Tomorrow As the hour OF nor departure draws
the among the colored population OF
the city, and, in fact, OF tho entire State increases
and even among those who have ntion OF tax
ing an active part Tho movement tho great
est interest Is manifested. Tho pier at which
the Azor Is lying Is crowded from morning
until night with men, women and children,
and tho little office OF the Exodus Association In Ex
change street Is made general rendezvous where
tho emgrants and their friends daily and
talk over their plans, hopes, fears and antcipatons
Upon tho arrival OF the vessel here some weeks ago
It was thought that she would be ready to sail
without much delay. II was found, however, That
according tho United States laws shc would require
copperng and general overhauiing, 10 order to
comply with the Shipping The vessel accord
ingly placed in the dry dock, and was thoroughly
coppercd and all necessary internal repairs were
made ut considerable expense Tho old copper
which was tuken oil was sold for $500, xhich amount
holpcd to iiquidato these expenses
DIFFICULTIES OVERCOME. lss,f ~
Alter leaving the dry dock tho vessel was surveyor
by the Port Wardens and certificate was by them
gwen to the Exodus Association that tho vessel
In thorough sea going trim Further delay which had
not been anticipated experienced in preparing tho
passenger roll many Of tho would-be emf.
OF the Passenger Then came the rainy spell which
prevented or several days the loading OF the vessel
with gooos and chattcls OF the cmgrauts These dim
cultcs have been met and overcome ono by one, all
expenses have been paid up In full the emigrant roll
Is now nearly completed and every thing seems, Mt
least In readiness Tor long looked for cmbarkaon
and departure.
CAUSES OF TnE EXODUS.
II has been held Dy some that tho primo cause OF
the exodus movement to Africa tnrou ghoul South
Carolina and most OF the Southern States due
tho political changes that have been taking
place for tho past Ave years, which culm-
mated In the triumph of the democratic party IN
South Carolina. Tins view Is only partly correct
IL IS true that Almost immediately upon the establish
q cry was raised Throughout tho enl,ro South
by the black race that their liberty had been
wrested from them, and that Africa, their
fatherlaud, was their only place OF refuge.
Letters TO this effect appeared IN all their
church organs, and tho subject was discussed and
agiaied by leading coiorcd NJ almost every street
corner and cross road. The excitement Ut thA
among the black masscss Intense and the leaders
spared no pains IN tanning tho lire into baz,. Major
NJ. Il. Delaney. u prominent officer OF tho Exoaus
Association and man VINO hos IN person
political uspcc. was gwen 10 The Ont. not 60
much by sDe fear oil Ill treatment from the whites
by The apprehension on tho part Of tho ol.cks
where Tor ten yours they had held the reins
OF government and had becn lcd to boiovc
blacks, no saws, had enjoyed such unbri He'd
hbcr,y from the tkmo OF their Emancipation that
could not 500 how they could 1.-Two without their
customed license. Tho lot down HAD como sud
disccnloni and unwillugnsss 10 remain IN any com
mun,ty where thoy would not be tho predominant
element
coLoarD CHURCHES ugLpIsG THE EXODUS.
The col0red churches did not ut the ouhes avCr the
movement. bus ratber opposed H.. There were two
reasons for thia. They afraid that tho move
ment would break ny their Organization and lessen
their support. ana they fearful that would DO
intelligent members and ioave the Church without
suitable leaders, The movement, however, went on
Increasing daily, without The and OF the churches.
until II had attained such proportions that tho
churches IN selidoiencc were drawn It, aud
compelled not only 10 countenancc but to throw All
Cain, Congressman from tho Second Congressional
district, soon caught the spirit, ana his
Rial headed, ..Ho for Africa Que Million Men Wanted
for Africa This was kept boiore the public Tor
months and was scattered broadcast ,hroasnoat the
In this city ana many throughout tho State Joined IN
tho cry ana daily and nightly meetings were hold for
TiiE RELIGIOUS ASPECT.
IL was Of this time that the political aspect Of the
by sne religious phase, wh,cn has now grown into
nm enthusiasm very like fanaticism. As tue
year wore on and the eolored people found
their rights by tue Hampton government In South
Carolina, they were protected as they never had
that they were aud would be secured an equal share
OF tho prosperity incidental TO good govern
and predictions OF their leaders and trans.
tcrred their zeal to what they termed their
appointed work OF carrying civilization and Tho re-
csine.. II Tho Churc, had not gwen tue movement
It's support aud stirred up the over willing religious
spirit Of tho coorcd people IL Is more than likely that
tho movement would long sincs We been abandoned.
Outside OF and independent OF this religious phase
the colored preachers took the ground that the
proper means, because when people become discoD-
sntea u generally detrimental the socal rcia
uons oil the commun IN which they Two for them
10 remain without a prospect OF gcttns away,
Tor the reason that they become rcstI.ss
ing TINS great injury, It was hello.
did stop here, but tho sand dssos.ion trans
becoming ths vigorous anu industrious people that
thor parents were, contributing their share /, tho
wants oil the community there Comes up sn indolcnt
LWneration, "a social pest, an army OF Migrants
wHY THE cnumcn ENCOURAGED IT.
For these roasons u was urged Tho desire TO leave
their present haoitaon should DO encouraged, even
n the desire wins never reaiized because sustained
hope md kept expectation In view, without which de-
generation was the suro result IL was further
argued by the leaders OF the movement
that tins emigration was a good policy. When a
come assatisusd and reslivc because oi Inc real or
imaginary absence OF sufficient work In tho CON-
muniy 70 ave them employment. TO pre-.
OF surplus population ~ had been the policy
Of the great States Of Europe encourage and aid
no surplus Of the bacKs. They were all sustained
by masters tho owners OF tho lands upon
which they were chiefly employed as iaborcis.
Then there were probably three employer
whUo now thcrc ~ but Tho same
amount OF cotton Is raised by the employment OF
q less number Of hands The same might be said with
regard ~ tho cultivation Of rice corn sugar tobacco
hemp, and, ~ Tact, with regard 10 all tho
staples VI tho old slave Stites. All, then
VINO cannot get employment, IL 10 claimed. have
become IN reality surplus population. aud tue largo
landed proprctors hoid their lands and refuse TO soil
as matter of self protcsi0n against tho competition
OF this numerous ANA surplus class OF agricultural
iaborciA As ~ Europe the surplus whitos found re-
IIoi by emigration 10 America. SO tho blacks would
mud relief Wy emigration TO Africa
rIfE Krfrcr soUTU.
Now, as to tho elect OF tho exodus upon tho South
fwss claimed that the movement would not prove
injury, but benefit Tue gwen tor this post
10 that there never will can DO so many per-
leaving Ht ono time In any given pcrod ~ 10
uatciy aud directly AFFECT the Industry OF tho
south Inc black population IN the south
Is over three milione and distance to DO trans
ported three Thousand miles, that the leaders
claim, line of steamers equal 10 the Cunardcrs, and
leaving each pfncIpaI southern week.