davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

highest to lowest. If it is midday, and
he has arrived hot, dusty, and a little
tired, after long mornings tramp, the
whole force of the establishment ushers
the visitor into pretty, light apartment,
looking on one of those marvellous minia.
ture gardens in which, covering space
of few feet, the mountains, woods,
rivers and floods of an entire province
are represented. BY one neatly dressed,
pleasant looking damsel his boots are
taken off and his feet bathed in hot wa
ter; a second fans him and keeps up a
voluble patter of conversation; third
on her knees offers him refreshing tea
and sweetmeats; while the host himself,
with another detachment of mattresses,
is helping the coolies to unpack the .box
containing the European food. Every
thing that meets the eye is contrived to
please it. There are vases with flowers
dotted about; from the woodwork out
side are suspended gayly colored Ian
terms, or festoons of glass through which
the wind makes soothing music, 10 that
by the time the traveller has finished his
repast, has smoked pipe, and perhaps
drunk a cup of "Saki" with the host,
he feels thoroughly refreshed and in cap
ital humor to resume his journey. All
this enjoyment is procured at a merely
nominal cost, and the present of some
bread or European liquor to the house
at leaving brings out the whole estab-
lishment, who say "Sayonara that is,
Good.by with their forehe,ds on the
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
Gladstone ~ . Third-Class Passen-
ger.

When Mr.. Gladstone was staying in
Ireland lat year, he went into Dublin
with some friends one morning, and de-
termined to travel third-class, in order
as well belts popular leader-to havea
look at the lower classes, But after the
first stoppage, he ejoined his compan-
ions in the frst-class compartment One
of them being of an inquisitive tempera-
ment, made inquiries Of the tenants Of
the third-class O. to what had occurred.
He was told that shortly after the de-
parture of the train from the station
where Mr.. Gladstone got into it, .
man sitting next the ex-premier turned
to him and commenced spirited conver.
sation, into which they both heartily en-
tered. Suddenly the native said, with :
rich Hibemian brogue, They tell me,
sorr, that Mr.. Gladstone 10 in this train.
"Oh, 10 her replied the ex-liberal lead
cr, very likely" "I'll tell you whan
it is, sorr, there 10 mot bigger black
guard in it." At this juncture the train
stopped, and Mr.. Glslstone rejoined hia
friends
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
Courting Under Difficulties.


They were courting under difficulties.
1t was in a room through which the
members of the family were continu-
ally passing to and fro.
"Dear Alice" he said, "I cannot long
er labor under the sus-"
(The old man appears)
pension of banks is due TO the un-
wise policy"
(Old gent passes on
:" was going to say, my dear girl, that
I hope you will promise to be mine,
and name an early day for the bonds
(Old woman happens in.
should never be paid in geld
alone"
exit old GIRL
/, "Name the happy day when l may
that yon will think it pre-
(Old man slides in again.
"-sumption cannot be SO soon accom-
plished."
(The intruder retires.)
81 say can't believe you are entirely
Indifferent to me, but you will soon
grant me the privilege Of calling YOU
W"
(Old lady on deck.)
"-ife, giving the financial question
much study"
(Old lady slides off.
If you love me just nod your head.
You and, Oh, one sweet kiss to seal it
one sweet-Oh, "
Irrespective father-in-law.)
according to eminent divines, is q
myth, superstition"
They were again left alone.)
The old folks conclude that Alice ID
safe enough in the company of young
man who can talk nothing but finance
and theology, and 70 relax their vigi-
lance.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
GENERAL.

PARTY of mining engineers, who re.
Gently went to Panama in q steamer from
New York, have bad their entire outfit con.
fiscated, owing to an informality in their
consular papers. The engineers will return
to the United States.
Hon. WM. ORToN, president of the West
ern Union Telegraph company, died sud-
denly at New York city on the 22d inst. of
apolexy.
THE Rev. Joseph Paul Dubreu, vicar
general of the arch diocese of Baltimore,
and rector of st. Mary's Theological Semi
nory. of Baltimore, died of pneumonia, on
the goth.
IT is understood that an arrangement with
the st. Paul and Pacific railway company is
now virtually made, with the object of
utilizing the Pembina branch railway. 1t is
expected by the first of November there will
be all rail communication with Winnie.
peg from the head of Lake Superior.
AN alleged deficit of $4,000, has been
discovered in the affairs of John s. Cain, of
Louisville. clerk of the Circuit and Common
Pleas Courts. The deficit is said to exist in
what is known as the jury fund, of which
Cain has been the commissioner. 1t is also
alleged that another deficit of 10000 has
been discovered in his accounts, while cash
ier of the gas company, some years since.
Cain claims that the bank charged his pri.
vate checks to the jury fund, and that $780,.
600 of the gas company's funds, was used at
the instance of the directors to get charter
amendment through the legislature.
A DISPATCH from Richmond, Va, says
that the innocence of Charlotte Harris, the
colored woman who was hanged by
masked mob on the charge of instigating
the barning of barn, is fully established,
and that the boy accused of burning the
barn has been acquitted. Mrs. Harris was
hanged about two weeks ago, to sapling
which was bent down to receive he. and
then allowed TO fly back in position, which
it did with such force that she was thrown
completely over the tree.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
Cheap Cigars In 0srnaay.

In connection with Prince Bismarck's
tobacco project, celebrated botanist,
Herr schlieden, has published some -.
tistics in regard to the manufacture and
sale OF cigars in Germany. It appears
that in Thuringia alone, about 40 tons
of beetroot leaves arc annually "trans-
formed into tobacco" In Nagnenbure
and the Palitinats the cigaf-makers en-
ploy large quantities not only Of best
root leaves, but also Of the leaves of
endive. and even of. the potat0 plant
The cigars sold In sopth Germany =
coming from vevey, and price Of from
one mark and ono nark and : halt per
100, do not, according 70 Herr 0chliedsa,
contain any tobacco except that na11e
with cabbage or turnip leaves Which
have been deprived Of their specific od0r
By various manipulationa, ard suh1os
quensly stsered for soma tine n - en-
tract 81 tObecco. HsT Gchlieden Al6A
with an air Of consrions pFids, that, " =
no country in the world are cigars Md
ct % cheap : rate - Il 0ermAny
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
HOLDING rnz won1D.
BY Ans. .. u. ,. PJATr.

How:could Atlas hold III On,
StrAnge be did net spdll the ~!
Other men, mot giaLts, though,
Have to hold IL nov, % he
Held 1t yesrs and year, go.
Other men, II they are wiss,
Turn IL round and round end NJ
Bloasoms, birds and butterfies;
Chey'r the merry mea for mo-
Just such men - you viii BET
Other men, Who DO not know
Whist roee or robtn's wertA,
Hold weight ol rocks anA aDOv,
Hold tiFesome weight u earth,
Hold dead tress when 1savss should hlew.
Take The world, thsn, n q ball
To0 II lightly TO and fre;
Laugh and Aush and, II Il fall,
You can fold your hands and 70
Whso tAsysFssoDey-4AAeeA eA.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
An Inn In Japan.

The certainty of having q pleasant
resting-place after the toll and trouble
of the day is one Of the charms Of pc
destrianism in Japan. The " Pied Bulls !"
and "Red Lions" Of English highways
make NO pretense whatever to any thing
beyond the mere satisfying Of the AMI
NAL wants. How very different it il ia
Japan! From the moment the thresh-
old il crossed TO the moment Of departure
the yisitor is the object Of unceasipg 90
licjtude ON the part Of every 0ns c0n-
peeted with the establishment, from
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
THE MARKETS.
New York.

NEW YORK, April %. 500 p. M.--Cotton
Dull and unchanged. Flour-Epchanged !;
receipts $4,000 bbls; sales 5000 bbls. Wheat
Quiet; receipts $4,000 bus; sales 5000 bus
at Sl26H for No. 2 spring seller April.
Rye-Steady; at 73@74Hc. CONFIRMS;
receipts l4,0OO bus; sales 10000 bus; 53H
@55c for western mixed. Barley-Quiet.
Oats-Quiet; receipts II GOO bus; sales l5,-
600 bus; prices unchanged. Pork-Un-
changed. Lard-Heavy at 1925. Whisky
-AtS1.07H. Petroleum-Crude unchanged;
refined at IL sc.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

SOME one estimates that 10000 Ameri-
cans will visit Europe this summer; and,
supposing that they spend an average of
$1,000 each, the tidy little sum of $20,-
100000 of American money will be di-
verted to the enrichment of the "effete
Iespotisms -
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The Illinois Central Railroad has
adopted the civil-service reform policy in
its management. The new book of in
structions to agents forbids their having
anything to do with local politics.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
THE WEST.

AAE W 6S1s
JOSEPH P. CARD and Amos F. Hoflner
OF st. Louis, dealers in pig.iron, have filed
a petition in bankruptcy. Liabilities, $l62,
600; including $4,000 to J. F. Gard, OF
Cleveland; face value of assets, $ll7 900, OF
which $4,000 is in the stock of iron mining
companies in Missouri.
THE State Savings Bank building and
vaults were sold Mt auction at Chicago, on
the 22d, c. B. Blair, of the Merchants
National, being the purchaser, at $ll0, 500
Chicago parties we're the principal biddsra
The next highest bid was $4,000 by X. 8
Hinckley, ~ Northampton, Mass.
REpREsENTATIvE John O'Connor, of the
Ohio legislature who, it is claimed, is an
unpardoned convict, has handed in his res.
| ignation. A resolution was introduced on
the 10th calling for All investigation into the
matter, and if it is found that the charges
are true an effort will be made to expel the
| O'Connor.
TwENTY-oNE bankruptcies were recorded
in Chicago on the Goth Inst.
| INQUIRY continues in the case of Assem-.
| blyman John O'Connor, of Ohio, who is
So'u W. haNo ucCu Ut oue tiluc a CoHNiCt III
the Michigan penitentiary.
| AT Madison, Wis, on the 10th, suit was
| commenced by the United States revenue
department, against N. B. Van SIyke, of the
First National bank, for s27 600, the sum the
government was defrauded out OF in the
Middleton distillery manufacture.
The coinage of the new silver dollar con-
menced at the San Francisco mint on the
18th inst, in the presence of number of
invited guests.
THE Republicans of California have
nominated &. c. Beekman for governor.
ACCOUNTS are published of alleged i'm
proper conduct of the Episcopal bishop,
Allan McCoskrey, of Michigan. The sub
stance of the story is that for long time he
has cohabited with a young girl whom he
has educated and supported, and whom he
recently married to young man of Detroit.
named Bannister, who discovered the guilt
of McCoskrcy, and indirectly through him
the matter has reached the public Me-
Coskrey denies the whole story, declaring
that he resigned on account of ill.health
and old age.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The late Mark Hopkins, of San Fran
cisco, arrived in California from the
state of New York in 1sA9, when he was
30 years of age. He became teamster,
then a merchant, and finally director
of the Central Pacific and other rail-
roads. He left fortune estimated at
$4,000, 900 or $l5, 600. 900.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
RATES OF ApvERTIsINo
CURRENT TOPICS.

THE supreme Court of Iowa has de
cided that railroad companies are liable
for damages in cases of fires caused by
sparks from locomotives.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

Lanman had been paying attention to Lyons
daughter, and on the evening of the l7th,
on returning from walk with her, was met
by the father who objected to their intimacy,
and an alteration ensued, resulting in the
the shooting.
BATES 4 NELSON'S saw and shingle mill
at Cedar Lake, Mich, was burned on the
18th inst. Loss $4,000.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

I TIE New Jersey Central railroad ~
fused to allow MrA 0reen, colorsd wcr5
man, to enter = fint clan car, whsseupon
she sued ths company md obtained :
verdict Of 400,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The question of opening the Paris ex.
hibition on Sundays is to be decided by
the national assembly. 1t is calculated
that the state would lose million of
francs by closing the exhibition on that
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The statement which has been going
the rounds of the papers to the effect
that Mrs. Abraham Lincoln, who is
leading retired life in France, dares
not return to this country for fear of be-
ing again placed in lunatic asylum is
Indignantly denied by her friends, with
whom she is in cordial correspondence.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
Chicago.

CHICAGO, April 23.--2:30 p. M.-Wheat
Dull and lower; Sl.l0x for cash; seller
May Sl.09A; seller June No. 3 at $l.06
Corn-Firmer; 407zc for cash; 4lLa4l2s
for seller May; AN bid for seller June
Oats Steady at 26H for cash; .z6Xc for
seller May. Rye--At SOC. Barley-At 47Hc.
Pork-Dull and weak at $500 for cash S.. so
for seller June. Lard-Firm and steady at
$6.92H for cash; $6.9596.97H for seller
May. Alcohol Easier at 32c bid. Hogs
Receipts $1,000 head; dull and cts lower !;
light S330@3.40; packing at $3.25@3. 40;
choice Phladelphias at $3.60{a3.70.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

MILWAUKEE, Apri 23.-3 100 p. M.-Flour
Quite dull, without change in prices; choice
spring extras, $5.25@5.75; common, $4,000
$475. Wheat-Rather tame and prices ir-
regular on future delivery, seller May rang
ing from $l1lS to 1.l2&; seller June at
Sl.I014@l.l14; cash wheat firm; No. l,
$l.16E; No. hard, $l.l7; No. 2, $l.12@
l.124; No. 3, $l.06A@l.07. Corn--Steady
at 4024c for No. 2: 36(a3sc for new. Oats
Firm at 26i4c. .Rye-Firm at soc. Barley
Strong at 5711c cash; SOC seller May. Pro-
visions-Very dull. Pork-Ileld at $500
cash. Lard-At 7@7hc. Hogs-Dull at
$3.25@3.40. Butter-Firm at lS@20c for
good to extra choice; fair to good 1ia17c
Cheese-Firm l2@l3c y h; common, 11@
Ike. Eggs-7K1SAc.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

THERE is in Berlin society called
1.-The society of collectors of cigar-cut-
tings." Every Christmas the proceeds
of the cigar ends collected by the agents
are applied to the purchase of clothes for
poor orphan children. This is emphatic
ally woman's charity, for the system
of collections is for the ladies to per-
suade their gentleman friends to save
the cigar ends for this purpose.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

WHEN General Grant was in Constan-
tinople the sultan asked him to accept as
a souvenir of the visit one of his best
Arab horses. This the general would
have declined, but an intimation that
the refusal might be misunderstood led
to an acceptance, and an Arab steed of
dapple-gray will soon be on its way to
America to do service under the former
acknowledgement of the army.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

lou CAu 1otU your 0on0o o00 -
Whse tAsy'fssnDay--<haei isaa.
0L1Anruos.
HIsH-BRED women in Europe DO mo
wear jewelry, save in full drees.
GEN. JOE e. JOHNSTON dresses neatly,
has a shoEt gray beard, isslight and erect.
Edison is "gawky," dialikes society,
and is deaf.
CALIFORNIA refuses to permit women
to practice law.
The earth, according to Processes
Loomis, weighs 8. .SS5, ,O00, 900 pounds
FRIENDsHIP between women 10 only
suspension of hostilities.
ONLY two life insurance companies
are authorized to take risks in Texas.
LUxuRIEs, mot nece~itiea, bring pow
erty and ruin.
TIE hull of the rebel gunboat Florida,
has Just been burned in Boston hArbor
for the sake of the metal In it.
A MIXTURE of collodion and carbolic
acid is highly recommended - . remedy
for toothache.
A Providence bride of less than 4
week got drunk the other day and eloped,
taking her husbands best suit of clothes.
A NUMBER of Chinese have hired .
plat of three acres in the outskirts Of
New York, and are going into vegetable
gardening.
The photograph building on the cen
tennial grounds Philadelphia, which
cost Sl5, 900, was sold at auction reoeatly
for $41O.
AEwIss tourist alarmed his friends BY
writing home that he was "going to
Burn" He did not allude 10 incincera-
tion, but meant Berne.
A BosroN paper estimates that ct
least $1O, 900 day are sent to California
from that city to be invested In mining
stocks.
A PErRIFIED crocodile, 46 feet in
length, has been exhumed near Como,
ON the Union Pacific railroad, Il h aid,
and is on its way to Yale College.
To call man an ass is = rcproach, but
in Arabia in bewailing lost friend, they
frequently exclaim, " Alas. my beloved
jackassw
IT is estimated that atseventy-seven per
sons starve to death in England every
year, while 299 die annually from ex-
cess IN ea''ns'
IT Ii rum0re9 IN Lon0on mat snc earl
OF beaconsueid refused tne ofoef 0L -
dafter because ne mas fcasOn 70 expect
70 % made ouke' =.
A NORTH CAloLNA girl pierced her
ears in order to get pair OF earnings,
and got instead four-and-a-hAif-pound
tumOr.
BURGLARS worked hard Ill night ON .
safe at Tekamah, Neb., and when they
got At the treasure about daybeoak,
found 70 cents lea than ".
EiaHTEEH thousand men are now en-
gagged IN the express business in tnas
country, y, IVY horses are cmpi0yeo, ana
tnere arc c,vOO 0mces. ne c:R.sA m
vested u estimated ~ tnirsy miiiio0@
The prince OF Wales created great
sensation at fancy dress ball IN PARIS,
recently, ~ appearing = hooinson
Cfusoe " nis oFess OF s,inI ~ nI-
mounted y sne 'fso1s.OnA unSle'l
A CoLDsPAING n. ~ youth was r.
lieved Last spring OF the deed BODY q z
large hor,ey wnicn ne naa caeo,
witn mucn oiscomiors' iof Two e =
nis Fgns g.
B1F011 thou rcprehend another, take
heed thou art not culrabls n What thou
goest about 20 fcpsene9o. ne -.
cieanses : oioy VAN paOssea aaBes
MAKES 2 greater Diuf.
"A NAN 0o0 10Dt 0loQ IN 6C0t1000e 480O
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The American Register cautions
Americans visiting Paris, this summer,
to provide themselves with warm shawls
and fiannels, as there are often damp,
chill days and colder nights; to avoid
ground floors and seek sunlit apartments,
and to employ American physicians in
preference to French, as the latter do not
understand American constitutions, and
trfe with serious complaints.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
ForeiHu.

LONDON, April 23.-l2:30 p. M.-Liver.
pool wheat market steady; spring wheat
los 5d@1Os 10d. Floating cargoes steady !;
on passage quiet Good carges No.2 wheat,
off coast, Sos; fair average quality, No.
Chicago spring wheat, for shipment, &C.,
ASS. Arrivals of coast for orders, corn,
markets, firm; French, steady. Farmers de-
liveries of wheat during week, 4O,OOO@45,
600 Qrs.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The western heirs to the estate of the
late Annecke Jams, whose property in
New York held by the Trinity church
corporation is said to be worth from
sl5O,o0o,OOO to 500, 600, 900, have formed
themselves into an association for the
purpose of prosecuting their claim to the
property. It is claimed that Mrs. E. III.
Wallace of Cincinnati, one of the origi-
nal heirs. has found the lease. under
which Trinity church acquired the prop
erty, which lease was for nincty-nine
years, with power Of renewal, but which
was not renewed in 1888, a. it sholld
have been, according to the claim of the
heirs, but seized upon as the property of
the corporation. The case has been be-
fore the Supreme Conrt Of the United
States, and Mrs. Wallace will move for a
re-hsaring on ths ground Of the discoy.
cry Of this valuable paper,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

lT is proposed by the management of
the Stewart Women's Hotel to open a
commodious restaurant for the accommo-
dation of the public. From this will be
served all kinds of meats, not to be eaten
on the premises but taken home, at the
lowest cost price. In this way the man
agement hope to extend the benefits of
the culinary department so that four
thousand people, besides their guests, can
obtain three meals day at the hotel.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01
WARRINGTON.

TIE treasury department is in receipt Of
information that the Canadian government
has decided to exact a duty of seventeen
and half per cent. advalorem upon all i'm
portations from the United States of silver
coin shipped into that coantry.
THE commissioner Of internal revenue,
on the Goth inst. received the following tele-
gram from Collector Wade, at Savannah,
Ga: "My deputies have broken up ten il
licit distilleries in Ebert and Wilkes coun-
ties, and destroyed 900 gallons Of beer and
mash ready for distillation, and l65 gal
Ions of low wines"
THE committee on ways and means have
agreed to report the amendatory internal
revenue bill levying a tax of sixteen cents
per pound on tobacco, one dollar and
twenty-five cents on cigarettes not weighing
more than three and one-half pounds, and
an income tax of two per cent on all sums
over.
The department of state has received in
formation from Minister Foster that on the
9th inst. he recognized the Diaz govern
ment. A private letter says the recognition
was received with general delight by the
citizens of Mexico.
THE committee on banking and currency,
on the 18th, directed subpoena to be is.
sued on Secretary Sherman, to compel him
to appear before the committee and testify
as to the details of the negotiations he has
made with the syndicate for the sale of four
and half per cent bonds. SubpGDas will
also be issued to members of the syndicate
~ foStifv ba eama cub;oot
GEN. LOGAN attacks Senator Sargent's
plan for putting large number of generals
on the retired list, himself among the num-
Der, and makes an eloquent appeal in behalf
of Gen. Shields.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

iivered him to the agents of the state of
South Carolina, who had arrested him, and
it is supposed that he is now on his way
south.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1878-05-01

The fact, now CONSIDERED we'll estab-
lished, that finely divided matter of the
combustible sort, when intermingled
with air in certain proportions, forms a
powerful explosive, suggests to- con-
tributor to the Scientific American the
idea of utilizing this tremendous power
as motor for driving machinery on the
same principle with the gunpowder en-
gine, the gas engine and the more recent
hydrecarbon engine. He proposes that
instead of using wood and other fuel un.
der the boiler il be reduced to an ex
plosive powder and its greatly multi.
piled power utilized in the manner indi
Gated. 4