The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1878-04-18
. select Storm.
NARY STUART, QUEEN or SCOTS

knb phlhCb VI LlHllbnBOW ~ DVSNAN"S'b
l542, beheaded at Fotherngay castle,
NOrthamptonshire, England, Feb. 8, 1887
The precise dateofher birth is unknown,
FOR though it is commonly stated Dec. 8,
there seems reason TO believe that the
event must have occurred on the llth or
18th Of that month; and it was PROBABLY
Sntedsted on account ofthe Sth being one
OSthe four great festivals Of the Catholic
church in honor of the Virgin. She was
Ghe daughter of James W. seventh king
Of the Stuart line, and of Mary of Lor-
rGine, daughter Of Claude, duke Of Guise,
the founder of that family which had so
conspicuous a part in the politics of
France Of the 10th century, Her birth
hook place at one of the dreariest periods
ofscottish history, her father dying when
she WAS but few days old dec. l3), of
modification consequent on the defeats
which the Scotch had voluntarily met
with from the English at the Fala Muir
and solway Moss, the mobiles being op-
posed to his policy. The earl of Arran,
head of the house Of Hamilton, and heir
pTesumptiye to the throne, was made re.
gent by the parliament Mary was crown
Cd Sept. 9, 1S49. The first two years Of
her life we're spent at Linlithgow, and
she was then removed to Stirling. Henry
VIII. of England, demanded her hand
for his SOL, the prince of Wales, after.
ward Edward vi. At first he was sue.
cessful, and treaty was made, July l.
1913, providing that Mary should be sent
TO England when she should have at
tanned the age of 10 years, and that she
should marry Edward as soon thereafter
as possible. In FIVE months this treaty
was broken, the French and Catholic par
ty triumphing over the English and Pro-
testant party. An alliance was made with
France, Dec, 10, and Henry declared war
against Scotland, which his troops invad
cd. After his death, the protector Som
srset continued his policy, and defeated |
the Scotch in the battle of Pinkie, Sept |
10, 1917 Meantime the queen had lived |
at Sterling castle, with her governors,
Lords Erskine and Livingston but after |
the battle of Pinkie she was taken to the |
monastery of InChmahome, on an island |
in Lake Menteith. Her mother and the |
regent Arran betrothed her to the dauph- |
in of France, son of Henry H., and she |
sailed to that country from Dumbarton in |
Trlry 1E1Q and orrtuaI az Rraok A A |
She was accompanied by four young la
dies, Mary Livingston, Mary Fleming,
Mary Beaton and Mary Seaton, whowere
called "the four Msrys." She was warm
ly received by Henry H., who treated her
Rs a daughter. The French court was
brilliant, learned and liCentious. Mary's
Latin master was George Buchanan, one
Of the first scholars of the 10Th century
and Ronsard taught her poetry. At l3
she pronounced Latin Grafton which |
was much applauded. In 1861 her hand
was formally demanded Of Henry II. for
Edward VI, but she herself refused to
listen to the demand. The widespread
dominion and power Of the Spanish
branch Of the house of Austria having
increased the fear of the house of Valois,
Henry II. determined to complete his
alliance with Scotland, and the dauphin
Francis and Mary we're married, April
"a, 1858. The open conditions of the
marriage were honorable to Scotland; but
there we're two secret acts of grave mo
ment. By the first Mary gave Scotland
to the soVereigns of France, in reward for
the services which Henry II. and his
predecessors had rendered that country
against the English and by the second
she provided against the non-executiop
of the first She also conveyed to Henry
any claims that might accrue to her upon
England and Ireland. Henry was to
have the usufruct of Scotland until he
should haYe repaid himself for what he
had expended in her defence. These
debts had never been accepted by Scot
land. Mary had secretly protested in
advance against the engagements she had
entered into with her own subjects, and
declared her wish to annex Scotland to
France.
The Scotch bestowed the crown matri,
mOnial on Francis, and it was provided
that all acts should be published in the
name of Francis and Mary, king and
queen of Scotland, dauphin'and daughin-
ess Of Vienne. When Mary l. of Eng.
land died, November, 1868, Henry II.
caused the dauphin to quarter the arms
Of England with those of Scotland, as he
affected to believe that Mary Stuart was
legitimate heir to the English crown, as
descended from Margaret Tudor, eldest
daughter of Henry VII, Elizabeth,
daughter of Henry VIII. by Anne Boleyn
having been declared illegitimate. This
act was the cause Of most of the trouble
that afterward befell the Scottish queen.
Henry IL. dying July 10, 1869, Mary was ]
queen of France from that date till the
death of her husband, Francis IL Dec.
5, 1860. During his short reign the
Guises, who led the Catholic party, ruled
the king through theirinhuenCe over his ]
wife, their kinsWoman. Suitors for her
hand soon appeared-the kings of Swe. /
den and Denmark, and Philip II. of Spain,
who wished her to wed his son and heir {
Don Carlos. She was Coldly treated in
France, where Catharine de- Medici, nev. [
or her friend, had control of the govern \
ment and she resolved to return to I
Scotland. In that country the French '
NobhOlAO patbJ Adu DOou uNcIJuEOMA anu 9
the English Protestant party had tri- {
nmphed, aided by Elizabeth's forces. By |
the treaty of Edinburgh, July and 6, 6
l56O, 1t was provided, among other things, G
that the French should leave Scotland, t
and that the Scotch sovereigns should !
cease to bear the arms and title of the '
Bovereigns of England. Mary had eluded
the ratification of this treaty. When she |
resolved to return to Scotland, she appli- {
ed to Elizabeth for safe fe.Conduct through j
but it was refused unless she /
would ratify the treaty of Edinburgh. {
Mary then embarked at Calais, Aug. IA, {
1861, and arrived at Leith on the 10Th, G
the English cruisers. She lett
France with bitter regrets, and was her U
self much regretted there. Poets ex- t
pressed the common feeling, and her own i
ShGnsOn bidding sdieu to the country is r
known. On her arrival in