The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1878-03-07
rEMaLE EDuC.irrON IN EUROPE.


Governments during the past few years in
throwing open tho higher education and tho
learned professions to women was followed six
months ago by the London University and the
signs are that on every side the old barriers oi
sex are giving way.
The movement may be said to hnvc begun in
1861 whom Nile. DnuhrC presented herself mt
the University Of Lyons. and aft"r some drlny
WINS allowed 10 pas her examinations. di-
ploma. however wis at first refused. hut suisse
qurntly. on appeal to the Minister of Public
instruction. II WINS conferred on her. a prccc-
den, was thus established: other female eradu-
ntes were duly recognized at Lyons. while IN
1865 Montpelier also granted degree in arts 10
"A LADY, These II H. true. were provin ial insti-
tutions. but n little later Miss Mary Putnam ob
tanned the permission Of the Minister oi J. Luz
cation to study in the Paris School
Of Medicine Mrs. Garrett Anderson fol-
lowed her and Obtained her degree In
1870 and n year nncrward Miss Putnam
graduated with great distinction AT Paris the
movement rapidly acquired impetus. and 10y
1874 there were not less than twenty icmal"
students in the E'ole de Medicine In 1876
there were twenty-two-ive French, sN Eng
lish eleven Russian--and during that year
five women received the degree OF VI. d. Tn r."
are at present fourteen English women study
Ing medicine in Paris. Not long ago. moreover.
u young American lady succeeded in obtaining
n degree from the Faculty Of Science. being III"
first to avail herself of other than medical priv
ilcges. We may add that one lady. a Russian.
is now Keeping her terms in the school OF law.
such il the liberal attitude of academic iustItu-
tions in u country where for centuries the rdu-
cation ~ women has been framed on the CON
vent pattern.
In Italy the means Of secondary instruction
open To the fairer sex nrc still relatively de-
icctive; but u law to establish gymnasiu for
girls is under discussion. and Will no doubt hc
passed. AS regards the higher education and
professional training. their opportunities mr."
already identical with those OF men. In the
last century. indeed. although the right OF all
mission was not regularly conceded several
women gained much honor in the Italian uni
vcrsities. and not less than three fl'ed the
chairs OF professors at Bologna. But ia 1916 Va
State decree formally opened to women the
fifteen universities Of the peninsula In the
same year lady received II medical degree at
Pisa. and two others are now studying.
with signal credit to themselves, in the
Faculty of Arts at Bologna and Turin.
From the establishment Of tho now king
dom the advocates Of the intellectual rights OF
women seem 10 have received the most cordial
encouragement from the secular authorities
ana especlaiy from inc Depretls MlhlSlrS'
Passing to Austria. We find the woman's move
ment stamped with approval by the University Of
Vienna. female students being admitted as early
rs lsIOto degrees. and to all the classes where
professors do not object. Three years later We
hear Of four ladies in the medical school. one Of
whom took the prize for an essay on the
Operative Course in Surgery. and was pro-
nounced one OF the most expert operators III the
class. " it'll the view oil making such privileges
generally available preparatory lyceum has
been started nj Gratz and other steps are taking
IN Austria t. thoroughly reconstructthes econd-
airy education OF women.
In Sweden. where the position and training
| OF midwives was always much better than else
| where. the demand OF equal facilities IN tile
medical and other professions has received
| prompt attention. Courses oil lectures Tor girls.
| anording an advanced education. were inst-
| tuted dozen years ago. anu there are now
| higher female academies or lyceums In every
| large town. while stockholm has i've. and Up
sala three. These schools FURNISH the heediul
| preparation for university tests and studies.
| m 81 i'm "a tad 70 nm n