davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
Smokers Should Read This.

The popular belief that bad cigars
are made of cabbage leaves is not iusti-
fed by the last official report on tobac-
co adulteration. This document con-
tains tabulated account of the seizures
of spurious tobacco made in the United
Kingdom since 1864, and in the whole
paper there is no mention whatever of
the much-suspected vegetable. Its
place in the black list is supplied by q
variety of ingredients large enough to
rejoice the heart of any member Of the
Anti Tobacco League. The dishonest
dealer in things smokeable is shown by
the report to make use of three differ
ent sorts of materials beside that which
he processes to employ. The first sort
is required for the actual substance of
the cigar; the second for improving its
outward appearance, and the third for
imparting to it what is supposed to be
better taste. In the former category
the favorite substances seem to be the
leaves of the lime tree, the husks of
wheat and oats, cotton, yarn and tom
quin bean. But there are numerous
cases where the ingredients have been
much more curiously selected, and have
included cocoanut fiber, small seeds,
cotton, wood and bread. At one estab-
lishment fifty pounds of tobacco dust"
were found and analyzed, when it was
shown to contain string, wood, nails,
grindings of tobacco-pipe, dirt and all
sorts of refuse. Another large class of
materials is apparently used for secur-
ing the adhesion and consistency of the
cigar when made. Among these starch
is the most prominent; but it includes
gum and amidine, blue, gum arabic,
glue, glycerine and essential oils. The
color of the fabrication is the next thing
to be attended to, and for this purpose
resort is had to yellow ocher, red SAN
dalwood, logwood, lampblack and We
netian red. As for the flavor of the
cigar, it is varied to suit the most di-
verse tastes, but the usual object seems
to be to impart to it pleasing sweet
ness of tone. Accordingly saccharine
matter, and especially treacle, is very
largely pressed into the service. For
those who like rather more decided
taste, liquorice, salt, logwood, glycerine
and aniseed are used 1t is in Dublin
where the latter ingredient is most
fashionable, while Edinburgh is fondest
of treacle and sugar and East London
is addicted to liquorice.-PaH Mall Ga
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

Arapahoe Chief, was their interpreter.
He had been sent to St. Leuis when a
boy, but ultimately made his way back
to his tribe. Old Friday, overcome by
civilized hospitality, was drunk, and
not to be found when it came Little
Wounds turn to talk to the Great Faith
er for his people. OF course, here was
a dilemma. 1t was overcome, however,
by Lieut.. Clarke, who was in charge OF
the entire delegation. The Lieuten-
ant, placing himself in front of the
Chief, signed for him to go ahead. He
did, and, by means of this sign-lan-
guage, which Lieut.. Clarke understands
perfectly, Little Wound made an elo-
quent appeal for justice to his tribe.
Sentence by sentence the Lieutenant
gave the President this Indians really
eloquent address.
The Indian sign-language is not a
spelling-out of words, of course, as
they have no alphabet. 1t is partly ar
bitrary, but mostly consists of signs
which naturally indicate the desired
meaning. For instance, the verb TO
see; this is made by closing the fingers
of the hand Gight generally except
ing the first and second; these extend
ed are placed before the face and the
hand moved outward. This, with other
signs, is used positively or interroga-
lively, and in the past, present and
future lenses. Being of the simplest
forms, it can readily be seen how easily
such language could be learned, and
how useful if practiced by civilized ma
tions amongst those who nave neither
the time nor ability to learn to speak a
foreign tongue.-Cor. Chicago Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
A Lesson in Flying.

BIRDS have their trials as well as lit
tie boys and girls. To be sure they
don't have to stand in line, and shout
!. Twice one are two" at the top of
their voices; but they have to learn to
fly, and think it very likely that they
take singing-lessons. although am not
sure rs to that.
One day last summer / was picking
flowers in the woods, when, happening
to look up, what should see perched
ON q twig just in front Of me but a cum
ming little bird!
Al first l kept very quiet, lest ] should
frighten him sway; but, as he showed
no sign Of moving. | ventured nearer
and nearer, until ! even covered him
with my hand,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
-
Thrilling Railroad Experience.

Every one in any way conversant
with the construction of the Dunkirk,
Warren & Pittsburgh Railroad knows
how rapid is the descent from Laona
into Fredonia. The fact that the great
est care has always been observed in
running trains over this particular part
of the road is well known to the engi-
neers and brakemen, and they are very
liable to be son deck" and busy when
they strike this dangerous locality.
Last Saturday evening, about eleven
o'clock, an accident happened at the
place we have above described which
came very near ending in death and de-
struction The night was intensely
cold, and when the regular freight
train pulled out of Cassadaga all the
brakemen but one were in the caboose
warming up, preparatory to standing
guard over the long train of twenty
nine cars when the heavy grade was
reached Just after leaving the station
the train broke in two, the last five cars
being left behind, the balance with only
one brakeman keeping on unaware of
the accident.
The top of the hill was reached and
the descent began. The engineer, find
ing himself impelled along at a terrible
rate, reversed his engine, though he
says he expected to see the cylinder
heads blown out and his locomotive
wreck whistled for brakes. The
cars were covered with ice and snow,
and the solitary brakeman took his life
in his hand when, in the darkness, and
the train laundering along at the rate
of about mile minute down grade
that increased the speed every second,
he sprang from one car to another and
set every brake on the whole twenty
three cars. The run from the top of
the hill to Fredonia was made in an in
credibly short space of time, and by
the bravery Of the brakeman, the quick
discovery of the impending danger by
the engineer, and the good work of the
locomotive and every brake, the train
was kept from a plunge into the Dun
kirk Depot and total humiliation. The.
distress and anxiety of the conductor
and brakeman in the caboose as to the
whereabouts of their charge and friends
was very great, until dispatch from
Fredonia finally relieved all fears, and
that which ill-luck had severed for
while mans ingenuity soon brought to-
gether again.-Janaestoacn IN. ~
Democrat.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
talking with the old gentleman about

talking with the old gentleman abOu
| the beauties of cremation.
At about one o'clock Mr.. Pitman ant
LeMoyne's two sons and daughters
started for the top of the hill. They
and the newspaper friend of Mr.. Pit
man from Cincinnati were the only
mourners. The furnace was then at :
white heat, the De Palm fireman, james
Wolf, having been dismissed and fire.
man from the Washington Gas-Works
taken in his stead. There were no re.
ligious ceremonies of any kind. Several
of Mrs. Pitman's s lady y-friends in Cincin-
natl had read poems and delivered ad-
dresses over her while her body lay in
that city, and Mr.. Pitman himself had
delivered short address, but neither
time was there prayer or tear, or
even sigh.
..Are you ready?'' said the fireman
at two or three minutes before two
o'clock. All ready" replied young
LeMoyne. The big iron door of the
retort was taken off, filling both rooms
with an almost unbearable glare and
heat. The young LeMoynes picked up
the body, which had been laid in the
same iron cradle in which DePalm was
cremated, and, resting the head on the
edge of the furnace, showed the body in
like an oyster-knife going into clam.
The body was encased in white sheet
soaked in alum-water, but this did not
entirely cover the head, and, as soon
as the head of the corpse was within a
foot or two of the furnace door, the dry
cloths in which the head was encased
caught fire and in an instant the en-
tire building was filled with a dense
black smoke, with a sickening smell.
The door was quickly closed, but the
overpowering odor of burning hair and
flesh lasted for fifteen minutes or more,
although the windows were opened to
get rid of it. Dense clouds of this
black smoke also poured from the chin
ney of the retort, filling the air about
the building with the disagreeable smell.
After the body had been roasting for
about fifteen minutes, a slight blush
flame came from it, and this continued
throughout the cremation. After three
quarters of an hour, skeleton of fire
could be seen through the peep-holes,
the head burned off and rolled to one
side, and in few minutes more the
bones had all separated and lay loose
upon the floor of the retort. The hip
bones were last to give way, and, when
they fell in, an hour and fifty-one min
utes after the body was put in, the Gre
nation was pronounced complete, and
the building was cleared and locked up.
1t was decided that the ashes must re-
main in the retort till next Monday, SO
that it may cool beyond any possibili-
ty of cracking when the air is admit
ted, as it is badly cracked already. Mr..
Pitman is to return to Cincinnati to-
morrow morning, and his wife's ashes
are to be sent on to him by express.
Experts say that Mrs. Pitman burned
so much quicker than DE Palm because
she was fresh corpse and he was stale
and dry Washington, Pa, (Fcb. I5)
Dispatch 10 Chicago Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
How Diamonds are Cut, and Their
Relative Value-ImitatiOn Stones.

The process used in cutting diamonds
is exceedingly interesting, for we all
know that the hardest substance in the
world is this stone; yet when presented
to us in the form of a jewel it is cut in
most precise and geometrical man
ner. Diamonds, like most crystals of
the same formation, can be split in a
certain direction; this property, known
as cleavage" allows the first rough
shape to be given to the stone, and
also to remove the outward crust, or
such parts as are defective. The stone
is then fastened with cement to the end
of the extremity of stick, and as moth
ing but a diamond can cut another, it
is rubbed against another diamond
mountedin a similar fashion. Diamond
dust mixed with oil is placed between
the two stones. A flat surface, or
g facet" is thus formed on each dia-
mond. The cement is then heated,
and the position of the stone changed,
and this operation is repeated until the
diamonds show the elements of the
shape that is ultimately to be given
to them. The grinding and polishing
to which the stone has still to be sub
jected are done on circular steel hori-
zontal tables revolving at great speed
and covered with diamond dust and oil;
the stones are held to brass handles
with soft solder. The process is long
and expensive, besides requiring great
skill on the part of the workman, who
can greatly increase the value of a
stone by skillful cutting. Diamonds
when cut affect either the shape of
Z" brilliant or that of a &C 'rOse." The
brilliant has a flat surface at the top,
called the table," from this the facets
slope outward till they reach the
"girdle,'' or point of greatest width
of the stone; from there they decrease,
forming an invertedpyramid terminated
by small facet. Rose diamonds are
made out Of thinner stones, and often
chips from large diamonds, and are cut
in pyramidal shape, the base of which
is in the setting. Almost microscopic
roses are used for ornament in gold
work, and, when set quite close togeth-
er, form caillouti. Diamonds and
most precious stones are sold by
weight, the unit being the carat. The
value of diamonds increases with the
size more than it does with the weight,
SO that a two-carat stone is worth four
times as much as one-carat stone.
Diamonds are most valuable when
quite pure white, but pink, black and
dark yellow diamonds are often of great
value. Imitation stones in glass have
been made, with more or less success,
at different times, in different coun-
tries, but they can in very few in
stances pass for real gems. The most
dangerous gems are those called doub-
lets. where thin coating of real stone
is applied to base of colored glass;
the sapphire is one of the stones that is
most successfully initiated in this way.
Frederic Voss, in Hdrper's Bazaar.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

The schooner Speedwell reached
New York, on the 18th. having on board the
Master and crew of the schooner Sallie NJ.
Steelman, which was abandoned at sea during
recent voyage from Charleston to Baltimore.
According to the story of the survivors, they
suffered almost indcscribable horrors before
falling in with the Speedwell- For eight days
they lived upon nothing but fresh water and
tobacco, their provisions having been washed
overheard or exhausted soon after they en-
'ountered the storm which worked for them
such direful results. On the day before their
rescue they killed and ate two Of the crew, to
such extremity were they reduced. They en-
countered gale of Cape Hatteras.
THERE is to be National Fat Cattle
Show in Chicago, opening in the Exposition
Building on the I'd of December.
The Etna Iron Works, of Ironton,
Ohio, has suspended payment. 1t was organ
ized with capital stock of $1,OOO,0OO.
AN understanding. based upon mu-
tual concessions, was arrived at, on the 18th,
between the manufacturers and the Crispins at
Lynn, Mass, which virtually ended the strike,
and all the establishments would speedily re-
sumo operations.
The old family mansion of Daniel
Webster, at Marshfield, Mass, was burned on
the morning of the 14th.
The houseof j. Leftridge, near Iron
ton, Ohio, caught fire, few days ago, and his
three children, who were alone in the house,
perished in the flames.
Mrs. JANE PITMAN, wife of Ben Pit
man, Lecturer on Art in the Cincinnati School
of Design, died in that city recently, and, in
accordance with her own request, expressed in
her last will and testament, the remains were
taken to Washington, Pa, and there success
fully cremated in the LeMoyne furnace, on
the 18th, the operation nbeingcompleted in less
than two hours.
JOHN T. ABLEs was hanged at Garth
age, Mo-, on the 18th, for the murder, in
April, 1874, Of John L. Lane. On the same
day, at Madison, Ind, John w. Beavers was
also hanged for the murder OF J. w. sewell
A WASHINGTON dispatch of the 18th
says the officers OF the Postofiice Department
estimated that the revenues OF the Depart
ment were suffering not less than $50, 900 .
month BY the flood Of stamps sold by Post
masters at small country Offices at . discount,
for use in cities and towns. The Postmaster
at st. Louis alone showed that his Office was
being defrauded Of revenue to the amount Of
$4,000 per month IN that way.
On the 10th, the United States Treas
ury held t346. 81, $50 in United States bonds
70 secure National Bank circulation, and ela-
o8A0O0 In bonda 10 eecura uublio dopooika
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
A Qualified Witness.

1t was at Justices Court in New
bury. Jonathan Upham, Esq, was the
trial Justice. The case on trial was OF
trespass. trespass OF serious and ag-
gravated kind-and damages somewhat
heavy for that rural district were at
stake
You should have known Judge Up
ham. He was short, fat, red-faced,
bald-headed man. with red nose and
heavy lips; and his f1abby, dumpy chin,
lost itself in the repose OF most capa-
cious white neck-kerchief. He had
been great and moving politician in
his day, and even now regarded him
self as the battery whence radiated
about all the wires that could be oper-
ated in his Congressional District; but
in these later years, since he had worn
gold-bowed spectacles, and the immac-
ulate neck-kerchief, he had been de-
vout and constant leader in his church,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
Our Young Readers.
THE ROLL OF THE MONTHS.

JANUARY, brisk and merry!
Silver bells sound blithe and gay;
February, dainty fairy,
Valentine's happy dayl
March in fighting takes delight in,
Till old winter fees away.
April showers call the flowers
From the earth in happy bands;
May, completest month and sweetest
Strews them from her dainty hands.
Happy June, the years high noon.
Calm. and fair, and regal stands.
July, when summer heats o'ercome her,
Seeks the shade of forest nooks;
August, queenly-gran serenely
Wanders by the woodland brooks.
Till, Notwithstanding maiden!
September from her orchard looks;
Then October, somewhat sober,
Paints the woods with colors gay;
Novembers curtain-sad, uncertain
Drops upon the dying day;
December's here! with Christmas cheer
Fits the year away away
MIS-. M. II. c. Bates, In YOUTHS CoMpdRton.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

Miss Julia Cluse, Of Lapeer, Mich,
was ont walking with Mr.. Charles HES
terfield, the other night, and . rival
named Dunkin, at whose vitals the
green-eyed monster was gnawing,
walked up behind them and struck
Julia, 1t the Same time saying. . You're
smart, hain't yep She was smart
enough 70 hAye him arrested.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

THE trade in dead dogs is lively in
some parts of Connecticut. Enterpris-
ing youths are collecting the tails and
ears Of vagrant CANNES necessary to se-
cure the 81 bounty. It is even said
that these articles Of dog apparel have
already become q circulating medium,
and that one cruel father has gathered
enough from his boy to trade for bar
rel Of flour. So does Connecticut thrift
make good come out Of the dog evil.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

As A funeral cortege was making its
way along the crowded streets, the
other day, bootblack called to COM
panion: "Hey, Jack, what big gun is
dead now?" "Tain't no rich folks,
replied Jack, as he looked down the
street. 'Tain't, hey! Well, just look
at them twenty-eight hacksr' THAT 8
what l was looking at-that's how l
know it's some common man. Rich
folks don't keer what folks say. but
poor folks hez big funeral professions
to deceive the public. - Chicago Times.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

A PosTMIsTREss in Maine " happen
ed' to have letter in her hand when
it few open. she wasn't to blame, Of
course, and yet she was lined @l00 and
cost. Beware Of "dy-opens
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

LAST words Of Methuselah; Thit
is untimely. am checked ct this, "
Bs6alQ Express,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
81 Did 1t with My Little Pist0l.''

There is very bad thirteen-year-old
boy in Portland, Me. If he develops as
he promises, he will be capable of any
thing in the whole calendar of crimes.
Mr.. and Mrs. Penney went to church
on Sunday evening, leaving at home
the said boy, a sister aged eight,
and another sister of five years. The
children began to amuse themselves
playing dominoes. During the game
the boy quarreled with the older
sister and threatened to shoot her if she
repeated some trick he objected to. She
did it again and he pulled out a pistol
and fired. His aim was bad, and the
ball entered the shoulder of the other
sister. He became alarmed at what he
had done, went outside, broke a win
dow, threw away his pistol, and
threatened the older sister until she
promised to help him out in a story
that tramps did it. She having agreed,
he ran off to the church where his
father and mother was worshiping
and startled the congregation with yells
and the report that tramps had broken
into the house and shot his little sister.
The story was believed at first. The
little sufferer could not talk. The ball
was extracted and the prospects are
good for her recovery. In a few days
the secret became too weighty for the
boy, and, after consulting with his sis
ter, they agreed to tell just how it hap
pened, and so they did. The boy had
taken five dollars from his fathers
pocket-book, with which he had bought
the pistol, and had carried it secretly
for several DAYS before the shooting.
The hatchet story is of some benefit to
American boys after all. Probably
thinking of the Father of his Country,
this Portland paragon was induced to
say: .sFather, / did it with my little
pistol. ."-St. Louis Republican.
A LITTLE fellow has just begun going
to the public schools. His mother, to
stimulate him to attention to his les
sons, said to him the other day:
:. Charley, if you study hard, you may
some day become President of the
United States. like George Washington.
Who knowsP" Don't talk to me
about being .Presidentr' exclaimed he;
/" everybody's going to be President!
When we 60 to school the first thing
the teacher does she calls the names
Of all the little boys, and they all say
President l don't want to be Presi-
dent
SuNDAY-ScHooL teacher to aston
ished child Ny dear, every hair OF
- - r
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21

SuNDAY-ScHooL teacher to aston
ished child -"M Ny dear, every hair OF
your head is numbered" Scholar (hes-
itating, to astonished teacher'. Pull
out No. for me, then, please. - Port
Chester Journal,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1878-02-21
ghe goltdo Ghro,1itlt.

TEE cHnoxIc1H l. published ct the County peat
os Tsma, one Of the largest Richest most centrn
and populous counties In Iowa It's the Oldest
paper in the County and one Of the Oldest In the
having been established In 1859. Its circn-
Iation being large and constantly increasing, makes
II very desirable advertising medium for business
men and manufacturers wishing to bring theis
goods and wares to the notice of the people 81
Central Iowa.
Advertising rates made known ON application
JOB PRINTING
OF every description executed with neatness anA
ilspatch. Special attention paid to
PRINTING IN COLORS.
Yosr favoes earnestly solicited