New-York tribune., 1878-01-19
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE.

sbsurd practiee OF locking the passengers last IN COM
psrtnents on railway has minor inconvenience as
well as serious dangers. part oil the system cohs'
IN having mo- handles 10 the doors on the inside VIII
ar % ne Tggsh Neehanie pleads earnestly for INSIDE
baules chiefly because II they were provided the VIII
ovs would not frequently openeh ~ they hhNe 'o
No ucw 10 reach the outside handles and consequently
,here would M Less chance OF the cushions being we oy
rain when windows carclessly left open lie tmhks
that there would little danger that children mlght
,n,, the inside handles and fall out OF the cars and ne
hores that dresses would not be frequently caught
An entering OF leaving The American pubic mas oi'en
been reproached with too easy SUBMISSION 70 hc"n'i
tenee but there would be something near AKIN 10 r"'
on railway train carrying human beings III 'is oou''
try there were no inside handles to the doors OF SIN
ole rasssugcr car Our improvements In cars are con
stauily gaining wider recognition One OF tne latest Is 4
method Of heating whole tram tnrongn % pint ppt,iycd so
ss ,o connect or dsconnect without special at,eh@o @
when the cars ne coupled OF n of motion at the
point where the pipes unite The dahgsr on ,'m, iJ
rrsp. the Ingenious inventor will devise an equally
effective mode Of warming srceteaIs 10y pipes uhu'i ho
seats
A Npw cuIMyRA-The discovery OF new
osh IN American waters has been announced by froies
sor GIN 10 the Philosophical Society of Washington IL
O. Of uniform lead color. and has been named Ch@Td
,fuub,a II was caught the Ia Have Bank about
a5o miles southeast Of Halifax Its form is said TO be
quite distinct from the Eropean Chan1ra d mos'as9 ah
Is fortunate that hsh
IA one OF the ugliest In existence
NEW VsE FOR BEEF TEA.-It has been dls-
that hecf tea serves 10 check thirst better than
ttronger stimuans after excessive indugence IN hluo
II is now prescribed IN attacks OF delriuu trenens Ihc
TEA readily prepared from the beef extract ana at es
one of our prominent druggists keeps II on draft al a
bours IFS beneficial effects these cases are chiefly
dine 10 ,he readiness with which II undergocs disesioh
when other ament would be refused
DRAWING FOR ENGRAvING.-ln a late num-
ber OF The Polene Rerier, some suggestions are maze
as 10 the kind of drawings hest ttted for reproduction
nv moleru fac smilc processes OF engraving These
proeesses are as is we-kn0wp most suited 10 pictures
exclusively made Of lines and especially 10 what are
known as "mechaueM drawings" Some OF the suS-
sestions are ms follows Use china oT "porceiah "
cardboard instead Of drawngpaper; little practice
will enable the make lines on the glazed surface
without pressing hard the drawtngpen as TO de-
tach the lime glaze or I'LL the peu with IT, Use sponge
rubber 10 remove pcnci-marks The object OF THESE
precautions TO get sharp lines that will photograph
well drawing-paper gives lines that are " fuzzy ana
this fault is intensified in the camera White lines In
dark surface can be- admirably produced with glazed
papcr by means OF three-cOmered tool shaped like
leg OF palr Of cOmpasses. and sharpened ana Iiack
lines he narrowed, or scratched on such surltce
and retlravp The India ink must be rubbed 10 shch
consistency that IL allowed to How over sl no "nI,e
gray appears tToueh Cross hacans Gatt Pare y,
the drawing. aud should consist exclusively of lines al
right angles
Az ARTIFICIAL GEYsER.-ln one OF series
of lectures which Professor Tyndall is delivering To
children he made suggestive experiment metal
tube about seven feet long had ring of gas burners
around it the distance OF two feet from the bottom as
well rs several gas burners below IT, When all the burn
.rs were lighted and after boiling began, jets OF water
were thrown ont the top of the tube with some
violence the water TINS expelled being constantly re
turucd 20 the tube Iom receiver affixed above H. The
EXPLANATION given S To the effect that the increased
ebulition OF the above the ring OF gas burners
ightens the water above the Gg more than below IL
The boiling point always depends upon pressure; when
the pressure the lower potion Of the water is thus
lghtened. that portion begins itsef suddenly AMI
violently boil because of tho partial removal OF pres
sure. Tie experiment might explain ;he acton OF the
gcysers and perhaps other natural phenomena
MANUFACTURES OF GEMs.-The artificial pro-
ducon of rabies and sapphes in France is regarded as
highly successful The process consists chiefly in heat
ing TO rednoss, for twenty DAYS, mixture of plumbic
illuminate with silica the aumina crystaizes out IN
the form Of corndum The addition OF potassic bchr0
mate 10 the mixture the coundum 10 ruby; OF CO.
bait Oxide sapphire The artificial gems meet every
test which be applied 10 the natural ones and though
rather small large enough to be cut and set as jewels
Tho recent reduction OF oxygen nitrogen and hydrogen
TO liquids has started the suggestion that III this shape
they may prove powerful solvents III when case new
to the manufacture OF diamonds
ExIGEXCIEs OF AN ExPLoRER.-Dr. F. NJ.
Hdebiant gave entertaining account last month he
fore Berlin Geographical Society Of his adventures
In African exploration His adI0itness III dealing with
the natives less than his pluck in the presence Of
danger receives just praise from Nature In one IN
stance he obliged 10 play the part Of magician,
and utilized his official dignity by having specimens col
lectcd Of all the different animals and plants in the neigh
borbood over the collection, incantatiOns pro-
Dounce. that it passed for fetish" before being
carefully packed away. On another occasion, when he
attacked by natives he evelled his camera at them
II a weapon Of war, and charged upon them
with il. They retreated in dismay The terror Of the
Africans is however less surprising II Ii Is remembered
that their white brother feels like starting and
n Eg ut the moment when the Photographic opera
tor wthdrawB the cloth and says: NOW! Don't move
FOREST CULTURE.-The systematic efforts
forest planting that several foreign Governments have
entered upon the source OF trade from this
country An export OF forest tree seeds from California
has been established, amounting to $4,000 worth
year. The principal purchases made for Germany
Austria, England, and the colonies in Australia and
New wzeaand; st present the demand exceeds the sup
ply The seeds OF the Oregon pine known also as the
yellow fir most sought; the timber Of that tree is
good British oak for ship-buding. and has been
found sound after eighteen tOr this purpose.
The South Sea colonies planting the California red
wood tree extensively.
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YALE COLLEGE NOTES.