Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1878-08-28

Of the palate or not, and that lame back
is treated by cutting the eyes even II
known to be caused by a strain. And
this is not surprising, for people
naturally refer all effects to some cause
and such cause must be within their
powers Of observation. As most stock
owners know but little of anatomy,
physiology, or the symptoms to be ex-
pected in different diseases, it is not to
be expected that they can detect the
diseases Of deep-seated organs or dis
criminate between them; consequently
they recognize but few diseases. have
given some examples Of this, and shall
now give more.
BOTS.
Perhaps these insects should not be
classed with the imaginary diseases or
causes Of disease; but so much more is
ascribed to them than they are guilty Of
and the attempts to dislodge them
often produce such injuries in the
affected horses, that l cannot dismiss
tic subject without q few words. Bots,
as found IN the stomach, are the larval
forms Of several species Of gadhy when
in large numbers, and especially when
hooked TO the walls of the sensitive
part Of the stomach, or to those of the
intestines, they interfere with the pro-
cesses Of digestion. and in that way may
be cause of sudden and fatal colics.-
4 very few cases ale recorded by
veterinarians where one or two OF these
parasites had perforated the walls of
the stomach or bowels and were found
in the abdominal cavity; but such cases
ale extremely rare. and We can only
consider the many cases given by
farmers where the stomach was said to
be riddled by these parasites as errors
OF observation. The great majority OF
coles have no connection directly or
indirectly with these insects ; collie is
usually the result Of indigestion from
other causes. Of nervous cramps, Of
hard, impacted manure-cOnstipation-
OF congestion or Inflammation Of the
bowels. hernia, ETC., and must be
treated according to It's nature. The
general practice Of treating all forms OF
collie with agents for the destruction OF
bots, is extremely Irrational, and causes
an immense loss 10 our farmers each
year, l have sometimes thought that
more horses die from such treatment
than from all other causes combined
Ii must be remembered that, in cases
OF collie, the stomach and bowels are
either mhamed or rapidly approaching
this condition, and that we should be
extremely careful in our choice of
remedies. But so faI Is tits principle
forgotten that the most irritating agents
are generally used, and l have known
Of cases where even boiling water was
poured down an unfortunate animals
throat in the hope Of killing '5ots!'
IIOLLOW-HoRN.
Turning TO cattle, we find here, too,
the same ignorance Of their diseases and
tie same blind adherence TO the ira
dinons Of the dark ages. With the
great mass Of our farmers cattle have
scarcely more than two diseases
'hollow-hOrn' and 'wolf-in- the-tai'-
opinions too ridiculous for notice were
it not for their prevalence and wide
spread character. The horns of cattle
are formed by the growth ola bony pro-
lection, which soon becomes attached tC
the skull, and the transformation of the
cpidermis over the protuberance into
lern; they are, therefore, composed
primarily Of four different layers. Com
mencing on the outside, there is thu
horn or epidermls; then the true o
sensitive skin; next to this, the perios-
tcum or vascular membrance GOVERN:
the bone, and finally the bone ITSELF
by pressure between the horn and bone
the true skin and periosteum becOm,
consolidated into a single vascular an,
sensitive layer; and, very early in tn
life Of the animal, q cavity begins L
form in the bone Of the skull beneatl
the horn, which extends by absorption
OF the bone, reaches the bony supper
Of the horn and penetrates this, IN
continues to enlarge cavity inside
DIVIDED perhaps by thin, bony pan
htion, and lined with an internal perios
teum and delicate mucous membrane
This is the natural condition of tn
hOul-a provision for tightening wha
would otherwise be heavy and cuml
rous siruchon; and so far from being
condition of disease 1t was designed
a wise Creator as benefit 10 the an
NAL.
Attention was probably directed
the horns as the seat of disease, becau:
in all serious troubles there are times
which the extremities the ears, herr
and llmbs-are cold, or alternately h,
and cold. BY boring, they were -four
10 be hollow when 1t was supposed thC
should be solid, and il was, therefor
decided at once that they were IL
principal seat of the affection. Borir
the horns causes intense pain, some
thing similar to forcing a gimlet throue
the finger nail, the tissues beneath, I'll
bone and the flesh beyond it, and col
.inuing till the skin IS pierced on Il
opposite side; 1t cannot be defsnds
from, anv noint of view and IL Is fin