, 1877-05-20
POPULATION.


POPULATION. J.
The Comparative Increase In Some OF tho
Principal Countries OF Europe.
Not long sfnoe Mr.. Frederick Martin, author ct
the ''statesman's IeaT Book, readau interesting
naoer before the Statistical Society Of London on
.'Blrths, Death.;; and Marriages, and the Com
p.Eatlve Progress Of Population in come Of The
Principal Countries OF Europe.r It Was noted At
thu outset as most singular historical fact that
sfa qate oae s1oss 4he sSas ses
d .1d 3 s,ed 81 ae .ad g.
hIs contemporary, Sir Wil,am Petty. found.
Ct Of : the noble house Of Lansdowne
lssissers nass Rxss snd sse Sils ot Ee1ts, i
uss not until 1853 that Census bill Was laid be-
fore Parliament and nearly dfts years later BE-
moreover, sill Kept the lead in this field, iust
they had been the nrst 10 enter 1t, and thefr pre-
emineace WIS frankly owned By the greaz s13eistE-
ehief @ o Of The Berlin star,staeaf Bureau: Taele
could be no higher aathorty on sueh msrters rhan
the reports Of the Registrar. General Of England
in the thirty seventh Of these under the heading
Vital Statistics Of European States that the
R:e.eat pape. ~ ss*st Besides En:land and
na1ne1y, Austriz, Denmark, Francs, italy;
Ne,heslands, Prussia. Spain AID I'd ;xeeen: 1 fhe
1871. The returns, however. from Italy go back
no higher than 1s6A g1rin3 hut txetEe years.
wills ibose from Spain eaabfsse 20 more taa9 tns
the number Of the Sfate4 which might be conparet1
bat in raln, sufficient d1ta for comparison not be-
ing a1rstnsbte. OF the nine ss1Ie. be rook = Rest-
ern sroop-Ea3saud, France. Prussia = Southern
marx. the Setheflaadss sweden. Thr v,ta1
ss reFs svs1 f15 s.ea sFsaR
tim are for the western gEeup-Easlsnd and Wales:
10; France, ga /: Prussia, T:a: o. the
tSa'9fsn Saet?is i. Gp Tor hsiy, M s9 for spais
The ANIMAL average number OF births pr ,W9 q
mari, m Il. :: he Nethersnis. 34.5; Sweden, sl@
Then came comparative table Of births fof oil the
nine States. giving tae annual aveEagr - we'll aa
IN Ike nanncr the. deaths and MARRIAGES were
tabulated under the same groups scpsr.telS, and
the feares for the whole Of the nne States fo.is'w-
g37e rise to ruAny interesting and fpoftaus rehec.
t;ons- In par.culac- the exceptionally STATIONARY
character Of The population o. France zane 10
light 80 Clearly from every point Of view shat ~
Mr. Martin said. one is tempted 70 e1clsiua with
Lanartine. - nlLa<dreute France-sl F:eAe ef Il
pAsrrt r. The pa7er closed with thu following
''As iii as can be a.ce.tafned from the E1ral
!tatisi,ca OF tie nine 5rd1es sscd under. review
Ind leaving out Of view disturbing elements. s9ch
~ emigration. the average Increase OF population
il largest IN Enzisnd While it. bir1h-rate Is not
so high that OF some other States. iss
is among the- lowest It teems probable th1t a.
the end Of the present century Lhe population OF
E1glard vii. have r1=en 10 80, 600, 600. Next in
rank to England In respect to inerea-e 81 popndar
t1on, stand Sweden and Denmatk. eota e. w,t1 Ia!t =
rate, that Of Denmark ocrfe Inc kwest Of any OF
the nine States. Tae population Of. Sweden may BE
expected to rise to not far ffvm ), 500 600 BY the
k,THf ff fHN. r
2 ESQ, 900. Next in osdct of increase stands
P1u<zia. The leadlns qerm.n STATE has
very high hfrth-rare, but likewise high death
rate, waich latter ho~s!er is steadily deereas,ne
while the former is even increasing. Taktng tuese
element. into thepopuaonm m Of M P5ns
600 by the end Of the century + ]. known thar the
inc,ease Of popnlstion Of the other German Stase
them = xhee s !. ne1 ys az 2.
great Emp,re Of Central Europe w1ll have abo At
So o9o ooo IL ths !esr soo TIE Ssshetlaads 1t1s
snd ar In the st of 81 e bat ~a.a
much HIGHER dcath-rate, and tne populauoa may
be calculated to hive increased 70 : oo0 90 ~
The snd Ct he se
iaude-aIL It will be noted inhabited ~ Ienfonic
race-sinna1Iy comprise all out OF the nine IN
ponulasiou. In three more-Austtia. Spain, anA
iraly-the birth-rste Is high but the death-sate u
still higher. with tendency even to mount up
vii H. he T comparatively mp SLOW. sun, Austria and
1taIy msv both be expected sdd apout L 500. oO0
to their respective populations before the century
has run out. and SpaIn nearly l. O0O. COO. Tue
only country among the nine enumerated, and
probably the only State Of Europe showing SCARCE
II ay increase Of population whatever, is France.
j. exhibited IN the figures or one Of the tables
giving the average aunaA bixth. rates and DEATH
farex, the.e are not very far from equal.
The returns for the TWENTY-FIVE years from 1858
to 1S1+a period including some Jeafs OF DIS
aster, but likewise many Years OF the highest ma.
teriai prosperity such II the country scarcely ever
before knew-G1ye the average annual birth rite st
90. per l, 600 Of populstion, while the averagr
ANIMAL deatn-rafe was - 2 per l. 0o0- Thus the
excess OF b,rth1arc over death-rate In France vas
11or more than 10 per J. COO while IN England It
waS12.7 per ], 900. AT The eame time. the Asef-
age ann1sl naFriaxe-tate OF France was aboEe fnat
OF Italy. Spain, Sweden. and the Eeshert:nost
and very nearly as high a. that OF England and
Wa1ea.''
Mr.. Hevwood, the President, invited discussion,
and after some c:iticnl " marks by Mr. LumleJ
and Nc. Humphreys, the Swedish Consnl: GeneraL
Mr. F. l.. Coster, the number OF marriages IN
Sweden had been greatly lowered By TIE effects of
w1r and br the failure OF the crops. 1t was cus1-
ous fsct that - per cent Of the weddings IN MS
country were solennized du1lng the last thrse
months Of the yezr. the bulk Of the people tefn,
farmers. Nr. Waltord- referring To the statiorafT
position OF the French population. whleh was the
staple topic of the DISCUSSION from this point said
lhar in accounting for the fact, the variations in
the frontiers and the CREST Napoleonic WAITS ought
noe to be kept ont OF sigtt-