, 1877-05-08

hA%A tAIslHME u CpIHVVt ANtkG1 Sff Will q tOH-
$4,000: md Holland II, with tonnage OF IL
@ 1usss sadn has IL Il !MSslad. spath nsn n
morcd ships, Including tloso now huillng, is
2fe, OF which England possesses onc-foArtf,
France onc-fth, and Russia onc.ciehth; Cross
ing: thc ocean, It is founl that Brazil has u
nrmorcd vessels, Peru 0, Chill and tho ArKcn-
tine Confederation, each 2; willis In Assa.
Japan has 2, and cscn China l,aa entered tho
field with ar1norcd Eunboats.
TILE AsIATIU CAAfPA1GN.
THR RUSSIAN LINE or OPENATtoNs-T1tR FOUR
GREAT noATa coRvHnolNa ON EnzKRuH-TnE
OBsTACLks 70 BR OVERCOME.
.Stas }oTk Tribune, Mor3.
According to the Turkish report, the Russians
thave advanced to tho westward of Kars, and arc
intent on interrcpting the communications 10
tween TINT fortress and Erzcrum. The Turkish,
commander sought to defeat this movement by
sending troops from Kars to orposo tic advanc-
ing Russians. An engagement eusucd wl,fcl,
proved indecisfgc. II Is now apparent that tho
russian armlca aro concentrating upon
Erzcrum, and will simply Unrest Kars
until tho greater fortress falls Into
their ha,,ls. Tho frontier ID crosscd bY
four mnin roads. Tho most northern atarts
from Pott, the terminus OF railway from Tt1is
Ttis roMl, after crossing tho Turkish frontier,
turks at Da&ufn. whence one branch runs nlout
tho coast to Trebtzon0, whlle the other goes d.
rect to Erzcrum, The second road crosses tho
frontier close to tho R1lsstan fortress Of Achal~
zicll. md tilcpco to knrs. Tho third 10 tho Ill.
rect road flnln TiAIs to kars, crossing tho frou~
Tho fourth road lcads from Erfvan 10 Bayazld,
tEonco to Erzcrum. Tho Russians l,ayu begun
their advance on tho 1aat-naucd road by captur>
ihg DayazId. III lBs5, paskcwItcl, only moved
by tho three southern routes; but the forcn at
bis command waa small In comparison to tho
urkny now launched against Turkey tint thu
precedent II Of Mo Ynl1e at the prescnk ttSnQ.
Exccptiug Of coufao Kars, there aru no great
barriers. to tho advance Of tll6 Russians on tho
:Eoads: lcatltng to ErEesum. The asiny from.
rotl, turning ~ At l5atuln, would pass through
.zceting . fortress. On ssuIng out into tho
plain of Erzcfum they would flnA themselves
tanked on either hand by tho lattlc fortscsscs Of
iMsrs s'a as n5s oTsa
masked and bcscged by 4 Bmnll forrc whfic tho
lna1n body maFchcll out Of reach Of it's guns
upon Eszerurn. Tho road from Ael,al4eh 70
Nara wns ussd by tho Rnassnns IN lsc3 ~. It
Is rough and Is barred by tho fortresa Of Artla-
bau. In lsess this place surrendered without de-
fenso, but this was In the aEst tccllng Of lcprcs
zion subsequent upon the fall Ut Achalztch, after
ene ut thu most 4cspcfatc dcfonscs over rastal
III history. Ardaban ID ANAL but strung. Its
.tsefcnscs aSc not. howcvcE proof against tho
improved artillery with which tho Kusaian army
,lcada from A1exandropol to Kars thcru ara no
sobstaclea to the N,tasian advance. Onthe fourth
road Leading 70 Erxcrlm tho FORTRESS of Bnyaztl
was tho maln barrier. Having captured this,
followed by PaskcWitcli, mud advance through
Tpprak Ka'ch, Or moro probably It Will t'arril
due west, pass the Dlngol Da4h Mountains artl
como down upon THO niatu road td Efzcrunt III
the rrar of tho Turkish army.
The invaders would thus have nluschod nearly
1tann. AJn~
!. strong fortress. 1t rrp4Iscsi insalezs scy-
cssl times prtor to tho lsussan attack III 1Ras8,
whan 1t fell alter very short eicgc. In tho Cri-
mean war IL fell a.o bns thls tine by tlow
occasion was vofy strong one. almost us largo
ways rnaIntalned thut Il ought not 70 h.vo 6eei.
fought In tho open. The position ii Kars ~ .
: foEsreas is faulty, except as covering lurEo In
tre1ehsl camp, a. eisdel only + Is useless,
g apa ps epsss t9s =; an 4 .rny & 70 matsh s. pit out
other .roasl through Kaghiznlan, twonty
miles further south, and tho position Gun
yancinl. either BY tho D}oruk road or that by
Ararat. II, however, it bo well proslsioncsl and
used ua an lntTcnched camp for \ eorf& d atrnAt,
It ulust 10 reduced alnt fts garrison dcfcatcd b.
main Or southern foaA 1t 10 said tlias tho lor-
titieat'ons llayo hecM increased aud strengthen
ed, and arotA:r famous siege may 10 locked
.portant tortre.s thau Kars. It blocks si,e main
iron, the coast. sni, il iass, 10 bs,s ths psssaso
G.a a pas yse Fsa. T. f s os q dhf
' new re4oubts hagc bccl thrown up on tho attics
from which Il y to some extent commanded BY
modezn artillery. IT should mako I
ever. ill., disadvantage u bsing 4 largo
alai populuuA city, heinK thu Capital Of Axta
afdoE. FGAl may lo lal1 In BY an active and
eneEHstic uover'!pr foF tt.n uso q RasrIsou for
mouths, but II ID scafcely possible Tor tho in.
lapltants of luree city Ii ao 10. 1t, therefore,
tho Turkish arlhy bc Ioute, In tho field, It ca,l
scssfxly tc expected shat Ezcsu"s would hc ahla
Having considered thy ilnc vi advance of the
Russtana, tho line Ut defense which tho Turks
.n,.Hlt uecupy may l@ exa.a!ns1. This ltus
sa % :; *"s.s t"r aseHs ill., tRnly upSn tho
ll4ye any proportion u alk to The luymlng forcc
o{ tha Iuxs!asi4, the yos!ston whlrh tAyy should
til tsss " sPs.5s ss'Fy tass u ':tstx ,o
10,0o0 men, In a.tlltion To tho garrison,
should ba eucaml,cd unier tue guns Of Kars or
Erzrsuu'. Tic latter fotce shoull ln destined
taxs ths ns.a x.E uaxh n1'Sn S ss 81 .'ass It
polnt where, aided by the guns OF Thortusn, II
could check tl.a advance ot Thy eue,ny. and, II
s xsr0 19na nosshs fa hatk apo . taG
lIy whut irre9ulars may bsa disposat,le. sloul.i
l.arass tho coluuln in iis march up tho pJoruk
ueu!t. mud should. after its PASSAGE entirely snt
Turlisl! aT'ay sI,ouli take i'art with its Hight
aul !e!t resting u,mn. ss.a sttt!e fostscsesa
ot pyii siu.a an4 GctshrYsn. ,whtsl'
ne aboat eight mlles ast' ,.n. .na a.'
y kars. la thls tualtt,n, they could throw
their wlole forvv upon N tolunan trying to pass
.outh Of kars, with view ot advancing o1!
ErzcEuHi, they could nlAreh tu tl!ctr right mud
rtu6t IL r4i1t1utl uiVu1r}ui1 thrf.liVh Tnnt1tJt