, 1877-07-23
TIE LAW.
Organization OF Judicial Tribunals
tn France.
Number Of suits and How Disposed Ofs's
Lawyers and Their Training.
Proceedings in the Chicago Courts satur'
day---Judgmauts and New suita'

the pEHcu AND TIE BAR IN FRANCE.
The ju,y number Of tho american Ia" Rfese'o
contains IN interesting article on ''Tho Bench ana
lhc ftar in France. which well deserves pctu.a1'
not nrtv Nv tawycfs but by The general Ffadcs
There arc four grades Of Judges In the e!sil. as
distinguished frun, tho commercial. courts: l. ihe
.Ju.cs DE- ratx'; !. Tho "Jugcs des tf'o'
nnans de Premiere lnttance"; y. The Judges
called "Corse}!isss dea Coafs Appsl =; 4 Ina
!. tuass do Ia Cour de castatson.'
nnanx de "ommga, ,.,n" ,taet.d tram smone tho
If ts hebes ehafsetef aad standings
nd the :. prud' bommos, :" who arc manufacturers,
tr.ae.moo. or artisans, and who act "A Judges
only tn cases os o'sPa'e oe'" el.. =" .s.,s h..,
sradesmen and aFtisans. IN fnattoh 70 tne't ous''
nc'. Their dn:y !, much the .ame '' 'n"' 0' e1'
'.,,s H. ,,a. IL r,.r co,rc,,mndtnp 10 q certain
ing 'usse ~ ~ ~ ,,.ssn hnt win mors
l!u!iel powers, haso coGnisanee Of all pure per-
onal suits up 10 tho amount Of 100 rsanct. .-asoa:
sao.-and ug to zoo f.sae. subject to spp.,,
Jurisdiction Of .ait: Sts~eca ankeepe7. and tt'et
sns,. s.dotas fot sa sn,a s..a 'ssF nSs is
IN. ms 'ps n,raie. e,n s bourlt 10 terms.
es ptoee..ssS. 5 Or report i. PREPARED, hu II not
1ns,."ec Inv @ Tness hi named tourts bave eogn,x.
tI.nzx rn44 ttnn tn F1MfA
ancc Of Pcsaona' assr". .t,n NV y, ,taa.
on. property nr to o9 ,n, aa ses.das 81
% francs wltoat appeal, ana o. Other as,on'
except 'nose u "eoM1e.s.s' s,.1. ,s,ao ~.
par,ieularj, the latter.
Tho conrs dAppeI haze no otie'n., tu1i.d!ctton.
hut have appellate juf'aIetop In a!l ea'e' whefo
Sks9 om hs dss;cn ft. 1 ,hs !" gy
lunsis Of cotnmetce.
The Cout Do cassation rescmhles the spceia!
81 enc On III ~ ne Ut .e
Judgments rendered by Inferior courts acting ~
81 q ,sst 10 hsxs
hction, dte. 1t aanuls ul proc. .dIngs tn which
tic forms Of Jay have been violated. and every
ths law. Under no prctext, however, can it eI:
an.!nc INTO the nctts Of tho Gaze.
Thy Judges e a! the Goa'ts arc sppotnscd ey tao
l.aix arc removable at the Will OF tho Same power:
tho others only for cauec. There Are =, 8uD Jn1ca
cations required for thi oniee being that tie in-
cu!nbcnt be Frcnchn.en, md 10 years Of age.
Their salaries vary frum i, 500 10 i. 900 francs N
tho rest OF France; hit arc Increased tu
i, 600 francs IN the. City of paris. The
namhor Of TrLhunanx Dc Premiere 1nrianee IA
i,.' posc Of Of iron, thrce 10 Twelve Judges. be.dss
frum three to six supplementary Judges. Three
.Iu.lrcs at cast and sx At most must be present 10
shc onee 81 Julse unlets lc possssses Tie degree
of Lccntlatu In Law, has kept his terms for two
Is years Of agc,-.thc minimum, oi aee Tor tho
President and vite.rfestpn.s being 81 Years.
The salaries received by the Judges ntc excessively
moderate, varying from =. 4U0 to i, 0du fTncs, cx-
capt In FariH, ,-tlie Judges OF tie Tribunal dc Ia
felnc receiving Il, ooU francs. Tnc ea!ar!ea OF the
othe. Tribunals, and about ID, 900 franct Tor The
Tribunal OF tho Seine. Tho President of this latter
receives 20, 200 francs: the frcsIdehts Of tho
Iii l. frrrH fft
each cour! bc,na eomposed ot from tventy 10 forty
jadsa,snt. 'i Il Pars thcre are seventy :,~" jns:
ttces Of this CURT Their salaries vary from g. 900
T. 1000 france. 1s !! 900 fsane, IN rarls s, Tie ,s
Fl, n0U francs. The Cuur le tansatlon constats OF
forty. .esht Justices the salAry .! the hrrt rrss-
0oV. annually. judge. Of thc TsIlnnaax do rre.
,ncrs in.tarito md of tho Eour dAppct are pnt on
tho retired lit Ut tho Of 10. and thotc Of the
| tour do EA.uatton at II. Tho amount Ut the pen
slnM increases With tue numbor Of years passed tn
active .etyey ,,,a,. -, -, ,,a,.. ,,,,,, A..
they asc most arorabT known for shclt integrity.
their enlightenment. and the gravity Of their NOR
eoar,s! asu ascastoa,sd % .sseiye ths y.lts Of !
party 10 suit OF Of hia lawyer. out Of cuurt, antl
,whseh i. il tatesr.sl # sash pa1sy O. hs iess,
ndyser bc possonal 5riend OF thc fulge, there ID
svduatly 5.as anser taat A.. ts s1 ow'yeff sref
Frcacl. Judge, lacking IN knowledge ot Iit,cs.
laws and usasca With unyicllnH 5isur IN contto.,
yer.as between Frsnehnen and fnfetsnrrs: aua
Ia e executed abs,ad, -thercbr securing the inter-
ests VI tic former, to the great ctrlsnent ami
general policy of thei: l;oYerncnt In III. s.spccs
wh,ca goe. far in ts plotsc..on q II. cltl;ens.
Sho rtr ~