The Russellville Democrat., 1877-01-11
)PE CO.,. ARK, THURSDAY, JANUARY II, 1877

III Couubfy Suppiy iuS io'o'Sn market, the factors of each prod uct of the soil operate in their chosen fields; and the adventur- ous farmer who plants another crop than that for which they call, finds himself without buyer, or deals on small scale, and at consequent disadvantage, with distant purchasers. Where the consumption is at home scarce a crop that can be mentioned but finds it's ready sale at his own doors.
 INCREASE OF POPULATION MEANS EDUCATION, ROADS, MILLS, SCHOOL. HOUSES. CHURCHES.
 Increase of population means cheap and general education, good roads, convenient mills, good school houses, and churches. A scanty and scattered popula- tion cannot afford to employ first class teachers for the dozen or two of the children within daily reach of the school house. It cannot afford to build good school houses, or to build them within easy distance of every family in the large district. It cannot al ford hut one church in miles. It cannot afford the labor necessary in order to make passable the long roads that stretch through the wilderness from distant home to distant home. Its society is limited to that of the nearest handful of neighbors, good, bad or indifferent, whom chance has settled in its neighborhood.
 INCREASE OF POPULATION MEANS DE CREASED TAXATION, OR TAXA
 TON EXTENDED TO ADvAN FACE.
 Of course, increase of popnla- ton means decreased taxation, or, in any event taxes expended to advantage. The ex pense of public administration in thickly settled community, in q poor and a rich one, respectively, by no means differs in proportion to the number of people or to the wealth. Certain officers there must be, and certain functions must be exercised, in the one as in the other. It is needless to say that the cost of these, diVid- ed among five thousand taX-pay CTS, is less to each than when as signed to a thousand. Or, if the taxes be maintained at the same standard for the individual, the concentration of population has the effect to make the eXpendi ture of the same sum productive of many fold greater benefit. For little more than the same rates of taxation uyon which the from tiIrsman has to scale long miles of mountain road, or founder through leagues of mud to his bounty scat, swindling the rivers, or groping his way, belased, through the wilderness, the in nabitant of the city has his high wya smoothly paved to the con Aeniently situated court house, h!s path lighted by the city lamps, his person and his proper ty every moment under the pres ent and practical protection of the officers of the law. It is the concentration Of population that renders all this possible at the same cost; and in proportion as population is increased, the ad- vantages of this concentration ex- tend themselves to the farm, and to the wilderness, then wilder ness no more.
 These are some of the direct, immediate, personal advantages, to all classes of society, and to the farmer above all, derivable from immigration.
 THE PROCUREMENT AND REGULAT'
 ING OF IMMIGRATION ESSEN
 TALLY A PUBLIC QUESTION.
 THE DUTY OF LEGisLA-
 TORS.
 Second. What is the part of legislation in the procurement and regulating of immigration? It is plain, from what has been said, that the increase of popula- tor by this means is a source Of great public benefit in which ev- cry individual of the augmented community has his share. Yet the personal benefit to no one man is of such character as to justify the devotion of his un- compensated time, or of his pri- vate resources, to it's development. The enterprise is essentially a public one. Its care belongs to the State; its practical encour- agement must be from that az gregation of individual funds which is and can be effected only through the machinery of the state. It is not too much to say, that if immigration can be in creased, and properly regulated, through that machinery, there ls no one possible disposition of a due share of the public moneys, which can effect so immediate and palpable pubic good. A state system of encouragement oi immigration, which should result in the introduction of only ten families in the course of each