, 1877-03-14
(2o) Scientific Administration 10 the
Cultivation and Manufacture.
(3o) Division OF labour.
(4e) Organized combination.

E1IO uICISly kIC ttHtS AS4QIbCO AOG kIS az
tainment of results by these all-powertul
means has been secured by Protection.
Alter q scientific study Of the subject in
all its bearings, one can almost imagine
that the governments Of continental cOun-
tries had said to their chemists aud %scienti-
6c men, somewhat as follows: "You
will know, gentlemen, that sugar has gra-
dual'y risen from its former position ns q
luxury to be an important necessity Of life
to almost all civilized people. We are, you
will be aware, entirely dependent upon
the English market, and English colonies,
for our supplies of this article. But we
all know that it can be made from the
beet-root, which is Indigenous to our coun-
try, and which, not even taking its yield
OF sugar into consideration, is a profitable
crop. Now, although We are, and are likely
to continue, on the most friendly terms
with Great Britain, our policy is to be in
dependent, in the unfortunate event Of
wars which none Of US can %foresee, Of aHy
foreign country for articles Of home con-
sumption and we wish you, gentlemen,
to do your best to produce sugar from beet
roots at o lower price than it can be made
from the sugar-cane. To give you time to
do this, we will continue to protect the
national industry so long as may be neces.
sary by duties which shall leave just so
much of a margin OF profit as may act as Q
stimulus to invention and friendly compe-
tltion. 1t is 70 you that we look to enable
us to break through another Of those COM
mercial monopolies which have conduced,
to 50 great q degree, to the supremacy OF
Great Britain. Your patriotism, we are
convinced, will prompt you to do all
in your power to prove that the con"
6dence the nation has in your high
attainments, and in the capabilities Of
Science to do what is required, is not
misplaced ~ The lesson of 1911 has In
short, never been forgotten. England was
then at war both with France and Ger
many, and many now living, just across
the Channel, can remember when the sugar
for which they had to pay s or 10 francs
the kilogramme, reached them after tra-
versing the length Of France and Austria
1t having been packed in small boxes and
dispatched from England, at enormous
treights, to SalOGica, whence it was con-
veyed on the backs of horses and mules
through Servia and Hungary to Vienna.
AtllOuSu III maintenance Va LuS AuOS
pendent policy, therefore, the beet-sugaT
industry may be considered to be secure
ly established, we may acquit our neigh
bOrs of any deliberate intention to injure
the trade of Britain. 1t is not so much the
mere existence OF the beet-sugar industry,
even as it stands at present, that WI have
to fear, as its inevitable development in the
future in consequence Of the operation OF
the most fundamental, and at the same
time the soundest, principles of political
economy. No one d~oubts-exccpt thOse
unacquainted with the facts, or those who
view them with prejudice eyes,
or who accept interested statements in
place of enquiring for themselves-thats
although a few, for reasons which only
operate in a limited number of cases. OPP
pose any change, yet the beet sugar indus
try, as a whole. would be as we'll of, or
even better, if sugar bounties were now,
as they are soon likely to be, abolished. Il
must be remembered that it 10 the ryfneyS
and mainly a half dozen or SO influential
refners in Paris,-who oppose the aboli-
ton of the bounty, for personal reasons.
The beet-sugar manyfactMerS-the great
body Of the industry who purchase the
roots from the farmers-practicaIly get no
bounty. Hence the absurdity OF ~supposing