davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-11-27
LOCAL MISCELLANY.
cvrr1Nc FREIGHT RATES.

cpowtNc TROUBLES BETWEEN THE RAILROADS.
Reneated efforts have been made by the man
eers Of the leading Western railroads TO decme upo" M
.n,or,,o,,ocut OF the East-bound traffic, some"hu'
similar 70 the scheme adopted last June by '"V '"
lnes one of the principal objects OF the meeunE7 "
,he windsor Hotel in tins city few weeks ago was "
forr, pos on Eastbound freight, and the question was
., 10 lt m again at tho meeting OF western maui
rs =, Chicago last week but II is known tha'' II '"o
matter was discussed, nothing was accomP iSneu'
inent railroad officials say the scheme Is luiin"''0O
where there are SO many railroads III VIC 'n'""'O
emitting on EastbOund freight rates continues INV "'
Snon contract with the Mers Association OF 81 LOUIS
last summer cost the railroads 100000 to cancel seven
twelfths OF the $4,000 were charged tohc
connect ons The other western railroads '
contract nave asked their Eastern eonheolos ~ ~ re
portion OF their assessments n SartbwCstcrn shin.
inade about the tine with the NCrtn"'SGIt" 80
pers and these have n1t heen eanc, ~ Cbfaro by
nj h hron ht al 90 cents barrel or 80 cents nIt
poutds while the schedule rate Is 80 Genus nun ~ w.
These con. racts VIII not expire un u, oS aT ceu of
estimated leading railroad men tlat " IA a. men,
Ion,cco ana cotton from Louisville ana 'he 80
arr also being brought 10 tho East al cOuS"t1a oo
than schedule rates. prominent gram ne tnt hrcs
tbS c9.r In a representative OF one Of the run ~ ~
last week Ia guarantee the shipment OF lu'oVU
grain daily from the West 10 tnis cN' lIOit bnndr,d
T. srrii / N he could obtain rate GEMS n'',,i H.,
poundS less tLau iho schedule ialc P.cNi, ~ r.rry
= doV ME merchant declined the proposition 20 v"it9
t,s Drain at cents hundred less tu1h var" .'
caimng tnal he could do beGr mo ca s nv cifed 10
NSbrfi,rr he closed contract, bat mo C@s0 % ~
w. ,b lSety OF railroad men TO secure business re-
cardl, - Of previous pledges. $3.50. ,ha4 tho
80 1,e.d in railroad circles Yesterday 'ha' tne
Wanash Railway had been detected again J." ', ,t
Isryr oul.titlcs OF freight nj reduced Iau> IN
nt,lnts ar. made that the established I&.oS io I
ilis cify 10 tle est moi muntalncd. Nhsn -. ~
OF t f,uk lines oul us pIopo ~ % ny
Wcs-b1uul fri eh cannot understand the ,9N ',
ing rates" remarked prominent Fao"u P i,
Ia.I NJ, Ok uuleS. a. is Ito MtcLtoh u ia In
snuIct al AN early day There IS no oOuD', novel,,
tna lrrl-.h is being taken West by some Oh 'h' """N
lin, at less than tar rates. -r..,..l : trou
i.i.roa. a,l .clarc ttat the Hoosac runner L.ue
= now frc..ht line nom Bcs'3rs carry us IlIlD o.,
-. t,o,, srr,ilr rates 20 tie West las me PdAses
over me- H. ,tau and Albany tud New 4orh Cc.-i nv,
IN, In connections ~ is taking much DlsII ~ i~
ss1f I1trk IA way, while the Grand IIuhh 8 -ttC
an ty tr III. 10 can secure az races ma n 6tr
fhose adopted by the other trunk ihes. i,,,,.s
Isl and Ne-t Is very gIt, with little hope Oh iHIIO'0
uIcDt a. present
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-11-27
CHARGED WITH swSDLNG BROKERS.

Detectives RadfOrd and Dunn, OF the Central
ONCE yesterday arrested Henry Jacobs, age thirty nine
oaargod with swindlng Arthur Kecham, brokers, Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-11-27
-. Independent 10 SMALL CAPITALS.

DIts (N.NAh Lan'dr
M".sr une trry' iiiaii' RUM, M, 7'r-,n,' : '
ccr aut Window l'epH'icaH'l "ho Nou,i nav w ' I'D
the "Hrl"aiite' "tIt li1.u WIZ ~ i T. ~ .
bIndm Arih,lt0ne, Ltt.H, ~ ana 1u.iu''' '"''''
craft, "hO Woud 1--WE F"tr' IN lie H,-''i's' $780,
Nc ClIRISrIANCY Ossp, Iicll argued that the facts
regarding tn Soaih Carolina case gre ' -'-H jill olsl-r
now Gt the last -ti-oaWAch MS Democratic Ilrl"s
ttsiis oA - 81, 80 Jt 80, I'm, tii-,I
iuW l,lol' l"f. b"Firl 10 ht'' P-.'"lt 80 tN :,
upon the pc ing eases bht M "InI'u Hisst ~
law t"cHi rt H., .rt.t - e-,lanrs with what he
Eutn ih einl Gle III c-''l q. ,i''t,'t
inc, yIt lie dn not yet know What judgment ne "ou'd
tins Dc ie Z" ioih. -l.''t u' ~ j,-,,.. M q,
5, I ,so..I ceitl.uiy isei 10 bis day to Civ. the
b.u.ff Of any doubt Which mslt thea remain ih MS
NM nov = g5,t ls referred TO the rumols ~ bar
min. hy Wch votes were to he gwen ~ te Dih''tN-
~ i|fi u, 'is 80 s,bmit.,d ny tc commit. ON
P,i,ie-cs AMI Elections today, ana ld Wa+ tt 90
icct Senators 10 hl vacant seat %, iu Ds1 stated
Why not consider tnat IepoI' L..l'.'',,n o..
- ,,.,-,,,-,,- ,p., C,- Mr. p,o.,.,n.. T. yls
t my intention TO address le Senate to-day. pro
- - ,,,.,r,., ON tlr main question, 20 address the
pose l'-'''i'""' " 80 a., - = can ,v .,,,.,,i,.. tl,,t
senate az some Length Dut u ca" sly '' '''
vii. quiet The alarm OF my Republican H''''S on ''i9
side 81 'A' '"''''''' 49, !, p. r,,
party has been oid'e parry p'i "'''I Sd" ~ 80 "'
l e''a -, ~ world what h ,lc question fore the
,nit., 9, privilege ana Election. from thc cou,i
,.t. VINO rise ou this side OF The Chamber and hrd
e'it ,-,., r.-fntu p.f.ouS. their iE5.riait,, fug
NOV ,lo am hi. resolution should nr,t admit
~. f,tr,t Ism tct ttis alr. zion !. hen. To-
'ul ~, ,, re, in session sp,. tie sin Of October
- th.r. has .eu no movement mo- report, from TIL
,,,..c I'm Privilege. md Elections in regard 10 duy
C3..',' yrrr senator on tH, side ~ The chan
NO., me ,i,,.rfy fiat reporis should he madc
ui i,.. ,,.r. Fr,1u.ntiy have / told my friends
"' 80 .,i. al H., fl3uufr that a tic report IA
fo. kellogg casc came mp would stand 10y that report
Ga 81 Wa 5e''e ana n,S' L' n,iir h,
o'.'I v..lid y.ra ror II m prrfer.uce io
yo,mg ~ Kco.,'s cAsr. told General Dnticr that
20" Kellogg itlot We '3' "i'"l EN- ,t, f,r Us
t, 49, ,o,id ,,nl nv me notion Now 81 that t.
en- r,,',n cad. n corruption md make tie ~ it.
tIr !'.rsilcuf-l an "a senator ON tila moor. nave
far.u ne snc That every Other -uatur has iiArn
,r,,us. 10 do uy duty ana there Us u0 power IN the
> s. or ont of Il tua, drive me from what bclegt
B.. "a, Ia am prepared give ,he senate ld the conn
49, sans ,,,y | vote Tor tuc aiuia.iun " u. g.
T,i,ier as s.nator from south Carolina. aud am
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
Stewards Hotel for Women.

The New York "Woman's Hotel" is
Mr.. A. Il. Stewards legacy and monu-
ment. 1t has 502 private rooms, a din
ing-room, which will seat 600 persons,
and a capacity for lodging 1, 200 persons.
There is also restaurant attached, where
food is to be sold at cost of preparation,
to those who will carry it away. There
is library already of $500 volumes,
and which is to contain newspapers and
periodicals. The furniture and appoint
ments are said to be of the very best
throughout the seven stories, each
apartment having gas, hot and cold
water, with wires that connect it with
the dining-room and offices, and is heated
by steam. The cost of the establishment
is estimated at two millions of dollars,
a gift from the Stewart estate, and it is
calculated that it will be self-support-
ing in its running expenses. The rate
of board has not been fixed, but it is
supposed will be placed somewhere be-
tween four and five dollars per week.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
The Ivory Trade.

Larger demands of civilization for
manufactures employing this material,
an increased knowledge of African ivory
districts, and the ready advantage Of
combining some slave expedition with
the pursuit of ivory, a few years since,
added extraordinary stimulus to the
activity of elephant hunting. Con-
ditions OF this nature at length menaced
the rroboscidian family to a degree
never known previously. 1t is reported
that in Cape Colony not an elephant
survives; that in all the African coast
regions the ivory hunter finds herds of
these pachydermata extremely few and
far between. In Guinea, once distir =
guished as the ivory coast, the number
of elephants has been decreased by the
native hunters, until commerce in ivory
hls there also become quite insignificant
in amount,-The Galary.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29

~
The great success Of tho Keep Manufac-
turing Company is owing to their making the
best goods at the lowest price, doing strictly
cash business, and letting the public know
what they are doing. 1t is no secret that the
Keep partly made" shirts have taken tre-
mendous hold on the public favor The ease
with which these garments are made up by
Iwife, mother or daughter commends the part
ly made to all family men. Nobody now need
put the ladies of his household to the trouble
Of making shirts at home. For those who prefer
their shirts completely made, the Keep Com.
plete Dress Shirt is furnished, made to their
own measure, il desired, at the rate of so for
half dozen, with fine gold-plated sleeve and
collar buttons thrown in. The underwear busi-
ness has assumed large proportionsin the hands
of this enterprising house. Canton flannel
drawers are now finding immense sale, as we'll
as undershirts. The undershirts and drawers
of red flannel are in great demand for under
wear. They, as well as the 'partly made :"
shirts, are furnished for actually less that in
would cost an individual purchaser to buy the
material at retail dry goods store
The "Patent Protected Rib" Umbrella is
a novelty of great value, introduced by 'Keep."
Ihe ribs of this engine of defense against
stormy weather are fastened in such a way
that the cover will not break loose from them,
nor turn inside out. The Keep Manufacturing
Company is at 165 and 167 Mercer street, New
York, where our readers are welcome to call
when in New York, or direct their correspon-
dence if they want shirts, underwear or um-
brellas,
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29

boat moored Mt the foot of the cliff, but
so far below that it looked like nut
shell. She drew the eyes upward and
caught sight of red cap climbing the
naked wall. "Who can that be ?" she
asked, and made long leap backward.
She dared not answer, for she knew full
we'll who it was. She threw herself down
OH the green sward and took hold of the
grass with both her hands, as if it were
she who must not miss the grasp. The
roots loosened T; she shrieked, thrust her
hands deeper into the sod, and prayed
to God Almighty to help him. Then she
felt that this was truly to try God, and
could not be expected to be granted.
"But only this one time" she burst out,
"help him, oh only this one time y
She clasped the dog as if he we've Tore
she would hold fast, rolled with it over
the green sward, and thought that these
minutes would never come to an end.
But suddenly the dog sprang up,
stared toward the ledge, wagged his tail,
aud barked turned back to Aslang,
jumped with his forepaws into her lap
and barked twisted round again and
barked with frantic restlessness, while q
red cap arose above the ledge, and Tore
leaped to her bosom.
There he lay for whole minute.
Neither of them spoke, and when they
begun to talk there was not much wit in
what they said.
But old Junt, when he heard about it,
said q word which was not unwitty. He
threw his fist down on the table, and
thundered through the room "There
is might in that boy, and the girl shall
be his"
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
A Fish story and its Ocular Proof.

The Baltimore american has this fish
story: Captain johnson, of the pungy
Tecumseh, brings the latest fish story to
town, and if he hadn't brought the fish
themselves, silent but conclusive evil
dence of the truth of his story, his state
ment might be classed with the "fish
stories" which are accepted with many
grains of allowance. Ho Sever, the
pungy is at Light street wharf, and the
fish are on board, and an american re-
porter was only one of hundred per-
sons who saw the fish and heard the
story. Captain johnson relates as fol-
lows: "I was anchored on Thursday in
the mouth of Bodkin creek, waiting for
the wind to go down, and having moth
ing else to do, L put a line over the side
to catch perch or two, if possible. 1
didn't expect much luck, but I pulled in
thirty fish in less time than twenty min
utes. Presently got strong bite and
pulled quick. The fish was evidently q
heavy one, and was afraid my line
would break, and began to pley my
catch. 1 Ipulled hard, end up came a
rock perch to the surface. Just as it
was coming out of the water q pike
came rushing up and swallowed the
perch on my line, hook and all. 1 gave
my double catch full play, and finally
brought them on board in a net, just as
you see them, except that 1 cut this one,
so you can see how it happened. The
captain illustrated his story by produc-
ing the two fish. The pike had been
cut open. The perch, fully five inches
long, was fairly inside the pike, which
was not more than eleven inches in
length. A suggestion being made that
the perch might have been forced into
the pike after both fish were on board
Captain Johnson, to further demonstrate
the truth of the story, cut the pike clear
open. The hook, which remained in the
perch's mouth, had passed through the
upper jaw and had caught in the throat
of the pike. On examining the pixies
stomach, there was found an English
penny of the date of 1903, II brass but
ton, some pebbles, and four small fish
partly digested. Captain johnson, hav-
ing displayed all this, said, "Ill take
my atfidavy that them fish is Just as they
came ont of the water"
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
A Struggle with a Bulldog.

The San Francisco Neacs Letter of
recent date says: A sanguinary red
bull dog was one OF the most marked
features at the Bench Show, in the early
part of the week. So abnormally savage
was this creature that his food was
always thrown to him from a convenient
distance, and his drink pushed within
his reach by means of long pole. He
was in state of sullen fury from the
moment he arrived at the Pavilion, and
made numerous furious attempts to
break his powerful chain and attack the
other dogs and the spectators. On
Thursday afternoon, while Colonel w.
II. l.. Barnes was standing about the
middle of the hall, terrible outcry was
heard i'll the direction of the bulldog de-
partment. The red head dog referred
to had, in some way, slipped his collar
and instantly seized a small child, whom
it was apparently tearing to pieces.
There was probably not one of the group
of gentlemen referred to lacking in ply
sical courage, but tho two things every
man shrinks from " tackling" unarmed
are a rattlesnake and a bulldog. How
ever, Colonel Barnes instantly rushed
forward and seized the canine demon by
the throat. Fortunately, the beasts
fangs contained more of the child's dress
than it's flesh, and by tearing the former,
the other gentleman released the girl
from her dangerous position, and with
only bad looking flesh wound. The
scene that followed was horribly excit.
ing. The doubly enraged dog turned
with terrific snarls upon the Colonel,
who held him with both hands by the
throat. The animal weighed over fifty
pounds and was unusually powerful, and
after an exhausting struggle the Colonel
who is fortunately an exceptionally
strong man, found his only chance was
to hold the dog bodily up from the floor
at arms length. All this time mes
senger had been dispatched to obtain q
pistol from a Mission street saloon, there
being none among the bystanders. Al
the critical moment this arrived, aud tho
muzzle being inserted into the ear of the
foaming brute, his canine intellect wal
distributed rather unpleasantly over tht
clothes of the spectators,
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
An Earthquake at Omaha,


The earthquake that recently visited
Omaha, Neb., is described in the follow
ing dispatch: An earthquake shock re-
Gently visited Omaha and vicinity at
about twenty-five minutes to twelve
o'clock this morning. 1t was pretty
generally felt all over the city, both by
ings. In large buildings, especially,
the shock was very distinctly felt, crea-
ting intense excitement among the occu-
pants, and causing rush for the doors.
The shake lasted from half minute to
minute and a half, according to state
ments of different parties. Most of the
excitement occurred at the post-office
building. The United States circuit
court was in session in the large court
room on the third floor. Judge vi.
ster was just opening a case for th
plaintiff, when suddenly large clock on
the wall at the back of the judges seat
swung to and fro, large chandeliers sus-
pended from the ceiling swung this way
and that way, and a general vibration
of the whole building was noticed. A
general panic ensued. Judge Ulster
stopped short in his argument. The
numerous crowd sprang to their feet,
and started for the door. In the office
below, and especially in the internal
revenue department, nearly all the occu-
pants were startled and made for the
doors. In fact, there was hardly per-
son in the building but felt the shock.
At first, however, but few seemed to un-
derstand what was the matter. Tables
moved, chairs rocked, and men them
selves were shaken from head to foot
Persons who were on their feet at the
time weakened at the knees, and some
became faint at the stomach. In every
quarter of the city similar incidents
transpired.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29

The Welfare Of the Human system
in which the bowels perform their evacuative
function. II they are regular and they can
always be rendered so by the use of Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters-an important essential of
health is secured, and that blessing is very apt
to follow. If they are irregular, chronic con-
stipation and indigestion supervene, the liver
becomes disordered. and the bile, being divert
ed from its natural channel and purposes,
enters and contaminates the blood. producing
that yellowish cast of the skin and whites Of
the eyes which is such a sure ind5x of bilious
ness. All these disastrous consequences, as
well as others of far more serious nature, are
remedied and prevented by Hostetters Bitters,
the leading American specific for disorders of
the bowels, stomach and liver.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29

BURNETTs FLAvoRINa ExTRAcTs.-There is
no subject which should more engross atten-
tion than the purity of the preparations which
are used in flavoring the various compounds
prepared for the human stomach. Burnett's
Extracts are prepared from fruits of the best
quality, and are highly concentrated. The
" Fifth Avenue" Continental" "Grand
Pacific" and other leading Hotels use and in
dorse Burnett's Extracts.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
Send for Reduced Price List of
vi asOn 4 HanoIin
CABINET ORGANS.
NEW and SPLENDID STYLES; PRICES REDUCED
$40 to $50 EAOH, THIS MoNTH NOV. 1s7b
ADDRESS MASON n HAMIIN ORGAN CO.,
CONSUMPTION CURED.

An old physician, retired from practice having re-
ceved from an Fast India missionary the formula of
cure Of consuptioa bronchitis. catorrh, hna. and n
throat and lung affectons also a de-
bty and all complaints after having tested
its curative in thousands of has felt IL his
duty TO make il known to his suffering fellows Actu-
Gted by desire to relieve human suffering. will send
free MI who desire it, this recipe in German, French
OF English with tnH directions Address W tn stamp
WV, ,SHERAI 1s6 Powers Block Rochester NY. -
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
T0nic,

Every one at times, feels the necessity of
some restorative of the vital powers, depressed
by mental or bodily exhaustion. In such con-
ditions let every one instead Of flying to the
alcoholic OF medicinal stimulants, which must
be followed by depression equal to their excite
Inept, reinvigorate his deranged system by the
natural tonic elements OF the Peruvian Syrup.
Sold BY all druggists,
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
The Queen of the over.

A breakfast-biscuit or tea-roll made with
Dooleys Yeast Powder is certainly the queen OF
the oven-so light, white and delicious. You
lift it tenderly, break it open gently, spread il
daintily with fresh, sweet butter, waiting to be
with Dooley's Yeast Powder, what man would
contemplate suicide, or grumbe because his
wife asked him for money.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
ponds EXTRACT.
Ponds EXTRACT.
The Peoples Remedy
The Universal Pain Extractor.
Note: Ask for Ponds Extract.
Take 3aO Other.

Take no Other.
"Hear, for will speak of excellent thines."
years. and Sss% and d pro%ps curative
M ss9 s.1S,s E Trsi.ss he .,ss
Sy Sass esssrn appeston Pso@py
isSs. Rs9i z.
Sorns, etc Arrests inaammatS,n redaesc swell aG
LApfEs ii pSSS tns,. best friend II the
notably fuiness and pressure q ihe head nausea,
S SsGS al 81 ana
Imss RILEs ssas aHs %
ever chronic or obstinate can long resist Its regu
yARIGSsE VEINS: Its the only az! sHrs cure
yes al
remedies failed to arrest bleeding from nose,
ro2ESMASHE sshrhs aie IssSsd sna Oftsa sa
81 sl schools vino are seqHa9ssa
%,se Sraeucs have letters of from from
hundreds Of Physicians; many OF whom order It
fSr sss s
uiI%sSs sI%Ss asS sSrsS Chronic sr8Sf ca
.srrh nis 'fos i when i is sgsseaei. GIiStains,
sstHHfs q ana
a. manner q skfpa diseases s...,... p.u..
TOIIET USE. hefnONes SOreue68y hOuGu-
ness and snartingi heals Csts. Erup.ions p ".
! .Trsshes, while wonderfully improving the Com
z. Esssss, &. v,ssss ss sssis
used By a. the leading hysr @ssk sss Gs
i has no equal for spraiHs Hsrne,s or ssadis
Iacerations, Bleedlngs, Pneumonia, Colic, Diar
rh9a, Chills, Colds, etc. its range OF action 4.
vide and the relief L affords s so prompt that Il
| fsrm,house., Let it be tried once and you will
CAUTION Ponds Extract has been g INFLATED s1l =
trsct blown in each bottle. It is prepared By n,
only persons ying who az ever ,Ssl knsw SST
| ~ Mitch Hazel. This Is the only artcle USED D.
Fhysieians. and in the hospitals OF this coanirl
uIsT6RY and Uses of Pona's Extract, Il
tSIH so fFec eCcSSSfPxSY Mads
lane, New York;
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
FOR MAN AND BEAST.
SANDAL L.WOOD

positive remedy for ali diseases OF tho Kidneys,
Bladder and Urinary Organs eiso good in Drop
slcai Complaints. II nev u produces Sickness 10
certain and speedy In its action 1t is fast supersedns
all other remedies Sixty capsules cure in SIX or
days. No otnsr medicine can do this.
Beware Of limitations, for. owing to. It's grsa
success many have been onsrsd some are most
Gus. causing piles etc.
Dt'NDAs DICK & COPS Genuine sen Co,
"iss. containing Oh Of sandaraoi sold at all ssr4s
a0sss Ass for et1e1la' ssna for one 90 SC aal "
Reosssy sf,7sI, E.s gash.
NYEp Al
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29

The elegant company from Duffs Broad
way Thoater. New York city, are playing to
succession of crowded houses in New York
State and Canada. In the hands Of this
talented organization the play Of Pink Domi-
noes has made a decided hit, and is spoken
of as a mastery performance.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1877-11-29
FnirhanIkS ScnIes,

There were shipped from the scale factory
3S carloads of scales in September, and Al
carloads in October. And there were received
of manufacturing material in September, 139
carloads and in October, 154 carloads, in all
372 c9rloads.-S Johnsb,Uy W. CaIedonian,