Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1877-03-24

I hesioeH ioi Antlf collont ollen uiNlulnH the
money according TO the labor performed in
raising the crop. Some lease the lands of
the former owners, but the old state of
things is dun clar' gone" This trade and
traffic, 1t may be fairly expected, Ufll in
few year largely increase the wealth and
intelligence of the race in these localities.
THE SEA ISLAND COTTON
brings treble the price of inland. An acre
will produce in the neighborhood of three
hundred and fifty pounds of seed cotton,
which when ginned weighs about seventy
five pounds, or one TO five. The negroes
without doubt will eventually grow all the
cotton, as not one in five of the Northern
men have thus far succeeded in their at
tempts. Let the reader remember that we
have not looked at a single piece of machin-
cry yet, and then calculate the number of
people and the amount of wealth, these
works employ and produce, before we reach
the factory. The sail, the mine, commerce
and manufactures, all find employment to
supply the Clark Thread Company's
works. and when they stop the cotton may
bloom and fall unplucked, the coal miner
may starve on a bed of black diamonds,
the sails on the rivers be spread to the
breeze no more, and the lathes in hundred
shops be left to rust in silence. The manu-
facture of Clark's go. n. T." Spool Cotton
embraces the islands of the sea and pene-
! trates the bowels of the earth, utilizing the
treasures of wealth on every hand, enrich
ing and blessing. mankind at every step,
from the womb of ages to the spindles of
Newark. We will now examine into the
immediate sources of the power which
drives the endless machinery of this vast
hive OF industry, with its sixty miles of
betting and about seventy miles of steam
pipe for heating purposes
WE ENTER THE ENGINE HOUSE,
itself large enough for an ordinary factory.
Here is mighty production of human
brain and Drawn. In the presence OF this
monster, with its majestic tread, one feels
his own insignihcance and frailty. This
vast piece of machinery, moving silently,
save the sharp click of the improved steam
cut-ofis, is equal in power to the combised
draft Of six hundred horses, and is two en-
gines in one, usually termed double en-
CINE, The fy-wheel travelling at the rate
of forty-eight revolutions per minute and
carrying three huge belts on its surface,
each two feet wide, is seventy-eight feet in
circumference, twenty-five feet in diameter
and weighs thirty tons or sixty thousand
pounds. Tie shaft is fourteen inches in
thickness, the double cylinders are twenty
six inches in diameter, with condensers, and
a stroke of five feet They were built by
Corliss, in 1874. One of the three belts on
the hy-wheel is one hundred and fifty feet
in length. But even this double monster
could not run the works. 1t has big twin
brother, and together they travel every day
for ten hours on their endless journey, and
never get tired. They are wonders of power
and elegant workmanship, worthy of ~ visit
from any one who wants to see the
BIGGEST PAIR OF TWINS
in New Jersey. They are supplied with
steam from nine immense tubular boilers
and four large upright boilers, Corliss' plan.
They consume twenty-five tons of coal per
day, which will give some idea of the
amount of steam necessary to drive the i'm
mense establishment. Besides these there
arc three ordinary sized engines, made by
Watts, Campbell q Co., of Newark, in dill
fercnt parts of the work, making seven in
all, grand total of nearly fourteen hundred
horse power The young mountain of coal,
which looks enough to last the whole city u
year, is rebuilt by two hundred and fifty
ION DOdI IOduS at DGleI llllSrValS.
MANUFACTURING THE THREAD.
The cotton is brought in bales to the mix
ing rooms, when it is examined and placed
in bins, according to the different grades,
ready for the scutching machines, which
open and beat the material, cleaning it from
the dirt and sand it contains in the bale
After going through the scutching machine
it comes out in the shape of a roll, like wall
paper, comparatively soft, white and clean
1t is, however, really in very rough state
compared with the ineness and perfection
that is to be reached. Several of these
scutching machines are running continually
and their sound is like the roar of light
ming express train, as it whirls past tho
| platform where you stand. The first scut.
cher is fed with the bale cotton from hop,
! per which lets it through into knives set ir
large rollers which revolve with tremendou;
force and lightning speed, picking the cotton
into small pieces, and passing it by suction
Of air on to other rollers, between which j
goes and comes out in the shape of web OF
"lap " in large rolls. Four of these roll
are then placed upon a machine like the frs
and run together through the same process
OF
PICKING AND BEATING AND CLEANING,
when it comes out again in the same shap
as before, rolled to exactly the thickness
which it is desired to make the "sliver
from which the thread yarn is to be spun
What a "sliver" is will be learned 4Arthe
on. The machine is so delicately set that i
regulates the thickness of the web or lap t,
within half an ounce, in web of five feet
weighing only twelve to eighteen ounces
After being put through three scutchin
machines i'll this way and coming out will
eight thicknesscs of the web or lap simila
to that produced by the first process, it
ready for the carding machines. This de
partment is filled with Carding Machines
Drawing Frames, Lappers and Combin
Machines, Il perfect labyrinth of betting
pulleys and machinery, the noise of whicI
is like the roar OF many waters mingle
with the clatter of a thousand wheels. On
of the large rolls of web or lap that cam
from the last scutching machine is place
on carding machine which takes an
runs it.
BETWEEN THE TEETH
of large and small cylinder for the pun
pose of drawing out the entangled fiber
/ and laying them parallel or in the same lin
: of direction and also to remove the smal
pellicles or notes which may have escape
5 the action of the scutching machine A
ter being treated in this way, comber q
2 doffer takes the web from the small cylir
r der, which is now delicate guaze; and
. is gathered up and PASSED through smal
hole, say half an inch in size, after whic
it is coiled in revolving can. The Who'll
5 process is one of wonderful delicacy, tn
4 ~
t breath of air would break it. This car
contains ninety thousand square teeth to
! foot, or a total of four million one hundre
: and eighty-six thousand. On the cardin
g machines is a little joker that works Liz
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