davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
WAR sCENES AND TOPICS.
TIE EFFEcT OF ruE WAR on PRICES.

As the Russ0-Turkish war is now i'll its fourth
month"; there is ample data to estimate its effect ON COM
mcrce. The Economist QonIou which is the best au-
thorty abroad on ance comes to tine conclusion that
the war lass increased ts price OF wheat while il has de-
pressed tnas oil cotton wool and lrOn To 10 mole into
detail i says: We find tA1t wheat is Gas. Gu per
quarter, whc six months ago Inc GG-ste average |ds
only J25. 3D. aud year ago ass 2d IA.s means dear
bread ana compared with those OF year ago, the con-
ions are rO ta0 altered FOR the But the war
appears 10 have directly depressed business, quite apart
from the check upon tEc spending power OF nations
which D. created by dear bread II wo look ut cotton
VIC shan find steady decline tr the past SIX
months, mddling Uglands being now Cred, asainst
III. in January last and but for recent reports
OF poor crop IN America, the price would
probably have remained below O.. Though tie Increase
m tho American supply accounted for the low price OF
cotton last season. yet If teTc had been no war; or ap-
preher -ion OF the decline could hary AaFc been
Liverpool went into elaborate calculations, showing lle
diminished surplus OF cotton ON tue I"ius Oh Eulol'h
.riuurrs. and sad: Were cotton on It's own merits,
there could be possible doubt as TO me influence on
prices OF tie strong statistical position ~leb we nave
i. d-nrapd cotton rs not on IT'S own merits BU.i-
ues4 n Manchester and other manuacurlng marc = Is
Laupered 10y the war now raging IN the Ea't-Dy te i'r
poic9l dsuIcudc In France, and by the adverse IN
uueuce WHICH these disturbing causes nave upon tlaae
u general all over the world. IN the WOOL trade 700,
there has been decline followed by partial recovery
n response the statistical position OF the article,
Ior foreign buying of raw We'll as manufactured ma
teral il contracted by political uncertainty Ia manner
which goes Tar 10 dcpres5 these maraes IRON ana metals
have discontinued TO recede the war depressing the gen
eial tone business. while IL Tepresses speculation anu
increases caution. The hegecnt POWERS nave 700 niue
credit to raise effective demand Tor materials mere,
whatever they may get from America ana Germany; ana
ON the other hand the warfare in the southeast or Europe
rs found TO have closed to Us considerable marker IQr
aericul,ull implements; that the eject on Tue Moe
3d AGAINST loss Oh per ton in July, 1873 or just half
and 1as are Igs against 29s four years ago, M loHOn
iga Min q
proportion. When 10 see an end to all TINS DC
I.ut
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
senator MORTON OUT or DANGER.

RIcmuoYD, Ind, Aug. 2l.-By request OF the re-
preventative Of the Associated Press, Dr. Bhss'
senator Morton's Washington physician, made the
following written statement at ten o'clock Tonight
The Senator has been steadily improving since
Yesterday. making rapid and satsiac-
tory recovery from the attack OF indigestion
which occurred on Wednesday. lie Is cheer
ful and hopeful, occupying his easy-chalr
several hours to-day, reading aud discussing the
more prominent topics of pubic interest, Ills PnS
sicians feel warranted in pronouncing him out Of
d,noer and declaring that should no unexpected
combinations occur, speedy recovery viii be III
surel.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25

THE PEAsANTRY CALLED TO AEsIs-AID FOR THE
WOUNDED GENEROUSLY SUBSCRIBED.
d.

THE PEAsANTRY CALLED TO AEMs-AID FOR THE
WOUNDED GENEROUSLY SUBSCRIBED.
LONDON, Friday, Aug. -, 1877.
The Moscow correspondent of The Daily AcWs
writes describing the effects of the war in Russiaas
follows: The peasants are being called OFF to join
the Imperial army from all directions. Wherever
one goes, families are mourning because either
father or brother are under orders 10 start Within
pe1chance, only a few hours. Families are broken
up ON all sides, and wives selling the household
furniture. The streets of Moscow are thronged
in many places with household goods The
price of provisions is rising prOportiOnately
Among the upper classes homes are IN
the same state Of change. Those who have
retired from the army or navy, are III
many cases being recalled An Will, it is presumed
be summoned IN the course of time. Whilst write
a general call is being made for all 10 serve IN the
militia and notices to this effect have been served
all those residing in No. 1, the six divisions OF
Moscow. House 10 house visitation is also going on
relative to the number of men servants and horses
kept by every householder a large quota of which
must now be parted with for public service. Sub
sttutes on the part of the former not accepted
Funds rolling in for the sick aud wounded Oh
all sides, the peasants urging the acceptance oil
their mite.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
LITTLE DELAY IN THIS CITY.

The train containing the Presidential party
reached the Grand Central Depot shortly after o'clock
yesterday morning The Hayes family, with Postmaster
General Key aud Miss Foote at once driven TO the
FIFTH Avenue Hotel where they were assigned rooms and
obtained couple Of hours Of rest Breakfast was eaten
at clock, and half an hours sfterward the party reGn
tered their carriages and driven to the Pennsylvania
Railroad Depot. The parlOr car Pomona had been re-
served for this use and the tired hurried
himself from sight In the double staeroO, from which
nc dd not emerge until the train was on the point OF
Starting. There excitement In the depot but
mite group Of friends beside the platform Oh the
car, upOn which stood Mrs Hayes, who pleasantly re-
eeFed an desiring TO take her by the hand The POST
btefGencfa sat Ut his In chair IN the middle OF
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
TIE BARBARoUs KURDs.

The Kurds have been heard of unpleasantly
during the Armenian campaign. They enact the part IN
Asia which the barbarOus BdshiBazouks play In Bul-
e,Iia troop Of Kurd horsemcn, with their b1rDarous
horse trappngs, harsutted ances, and wild gestures
might easily be mistaken TOE detachment OF Comanche
or sioux Indians The savage nose and crocodile eye,
inc bloated face scanned with lines of brutal sensuay
bespcak the unmiigied savage without single grace
q, those barbarous virtues which often more thah
half redeem the child OF nature IN his Wlldest eN-
trayagauces There is chiyairy which naturally
belongs TO the most savage t is totally aDsent IN
tic hordcs which dwell beyond the AraNes, anu tne VA
nanny Armenian Christians Of the Province OF Ndu IN
rrstiy by their hacked limbs and pOwdel-boWh chtehs
th3t To be lellOW-suhect OF the sultan Is no 'ecoi
from such ncghhOrs when atrOclas can DC pidelCeI
win IMMUNITY. The Ottoman Government Las arlneu
ana cOmu,s-O ned tribes whose ordinary aFoc"lloh
IL uunder Tie Summer months permit = sct'llJ
eyi1teuce among the mountains WINE the pa
tiIrage l. green. The remainder OF the year Oack-
mail cXactcd from the villagers OF the plaus auu OII
te Persian caravans affords subsistence 10 THESE IOpDts
Inv nature The cause OF Islam in danger may excuse
many eXtreme measures In the eyes thal turn loWu
Mecca but at iuncture ike this while turkey SEEKS 70
redeem a past forfeiture before CIVILIZED Europe, says
The Frzcrn correspondent who gives the foregoing &C.
unt IN has done III let loose upon her most peacelu
and industrious subjects race whose very existence 10
Moi upon the escutcheon OF the Empire.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
THE PRESIDENTS TOUR.
END OF A PLEASANT EXCURSION.

or THE PARTY AT NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
AHN i,,, ,yoxG THE RoUrE-THE ADMINISTRATOR
orar',crugyrp BY INTERCOURSE WITH LIE
rho Presidents visit to New-England ended "ou-
10, nigbt. when he and his travelling coinpan-
cons took the train at Worcester for Washington
The made short halt for oreaN iast
in New-York. and reached the Capital las.
evening. Informal speeches were mauo matte AZ
the railway stations at Nashua and Aver Junction
and there were brilliant receptions in Worcester !;
St ~ the Raw State House and at the residence Oh
Sonator Hoar In that city, as in those previously
,,ilitod tbo entire population seemed to unite
y, doinq honor to the Chief Magistrate Inc
simple utterances of tho President are salr 10
have produced great effect in removing the o9Jec-
tions which many New-Englanders entertainer ~
his Southern policy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
FAREWELL TO NEw-HAMPsHIRE.
pprrF SPEECHES BY Mr.. HAYES AT THE MAO"
,Nn ANrR II,NCTION STATIONS,

pRrFF SPEECHES BY Mn hNli-' -
AND AVER JUNCTION STATIONS
w. Y II Aug. 24-The Presidential
49,, ti,r nloces in the special cars assigned 10
-, - : O'Clock Yesterday afternoon en- route IoI VIZ
ecstcr A very enthusiastic crowd assembled "' 'ne
roar ~ the tran and the President was lepe"eo! "e
10 speak lie spoke Gs follows; IT,.
Ihave spoken so often and so much NAV
sbre and especially in this town OF NdsHV I 80
sny Suit On INV now TO start feel rather Ike GOING
Through that military evolution, when Is Sun ans "A
cessary of marking time II makes 10 pIoslveio ~
ih we will do Ii for YOU" There are NUMBER no, Gl
things on which We, THINK atIee aio " Penub-
go ~ miscellaneous assembage, made up Oh Isop.
Trane Democrats aud Independents-Inaue up VI ban
of different and possibly some anu man. dceToble
10 discuss rather those things III Wmch We asS aiiI
those things in which we dlher We ntNe %
- ,cet ana discuss our differences. POucai lnceluS
80 Co. tlot ,Irpose These meetings are largely ueHTiu
are LOT IH' l '5 INT ms IS gathering in which
t-nst tbe general spirit is desire 1or hdInoH, ~ 10
friendship for agreement; ana thst IT rnrIGoses
t9e so uCl Of this Administrations to bring
nn.o,,,e torethcr who have heretofore Geen uiNue
PJVtiI yoice' and hold them together" Applause
- ters " erc better speakers in the crowd ihan
mn I'D among those ideas about which we asIe9
al' tb. Nc are agreed that the territory embraced
are @ 80 rritSJ sttes from the Tropics almost To the
Ffigid Zone from tho Atlantic 10 te 4SI, ~ and
ain il is a nation composed Of States al OF Wl'ed
SfSfa5 have equal rights Nulce Ht' I47l -. -.
Il crocd with mhaDJauts Of different races, MARION 5
sbncs emUloymeuts aud clrcumsi ances, Ol ne NE
All OF which states nave equ5I IlEH sSs,,,,.1 "
There are three great IDEAS ana tuo i"u, a. jtb,1
No the National Government has an Nl,uh
fle sphere Of is proper CQhhlll',.J'"l t l,,.
II is supreme and all this, think, we are ai.Gcu on
aj n ler be any chart which auj ono sla Itl,1l
10 make out the course that ths A'Iuil.. @ -
IKE taey should make IL ont IN accordance VIII an r Nv
- mo-. iae4s-if We succeed ~ what we desire In10
tIclc viii be sbOrcomlugs-h lhyle 'Iii &c FtU it
d.ls sometIucs-tJdt there VII b. ilta Is 10 i
fIc: ion thc Government like the ptol"e, s human m
it origin. and may therefore IN Vli l ~
Is siiurenle-wils the Union as 10 ID. one Io'eNcI'n
rights OF states aal The nge's oil ,, i Ept &
~ altogether too sober, see, Tor the temper OF s
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
GERMANY AND THE PORTE.

LONDON, Friday, Aug. a. 1877.
Several special dispatches remark the hostile tone
of the German semi-o1icial press towards Turkey
The Turkish Embassy at Berlin having, through n
Berlin Geographic agency, contradiced the report
that the perpetrators of the salonica massacre have
been released, the Ministerial horddoaische eX-
presy begs to observe that the statements put Tor
ward by the Turkish Foreign Department are motor
iously uutlustWOrthY.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25

TIE RUSSIANS DRIVEN FROM JAELER-IHE TOWN
REcArTrnED by THEM AND THREE ATTACKS
REFUSED.

TIE RUSSIANS DRIVEN TEOM JA5LER-IHE Town
EEcArTUuED BY THEM AND THREE ATTACKS
REFUSED.
LONDON, Saturday, Arg % 1877.
The accounts Of the battle before Eski Djuma are
very framcntary and conflicting. The numbers
engaged do not appear 20 have been very great al
though the battle was stubbouly contested.
The StcHdafds Vienna telegram says the Russians
numbered 1000 and the Turks 1900. According
to the Russian official account the Turks took the
offensive in great force on August %, and drove
back two Russian battalons from Jasler. The Rus
SLAMS subsequently rctooN Jasler. >irmshing con-
tmued throughout the night The next day, the
ODD the Turks made three attacks in the neichbor-
hood Of Jasl3r but were thrice brilliantly repulsed.
renewal Of the attack Is expected.
The Standards dispatch, dated EskiDjuma, Thurs
day night reports that steady fighting has been
going on for the last thrty-siX hours between the
Turkish advanced posts and the Russians who are
attacking in force along the line from Jasler to
Popkoi. The Turks at first driven IN, but
were reinforced and retOOk their original positions,
which they hold at this moment. lEsklDjuma IS
south of Rasgrad and within about twelve miles Of
Osman Bazaar. IL is about twenty-five miles from
the Turkish camp at Shumla.l
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
THE RUSSIANS VICTORIOUS.
STUBBORN FIGHTING AT JAsLER:
TIE TOWN RECAPTURED FROM TIE TURNS MD
HELD AGAINST THREE ATTACKS.

THE TOWN REcAPTURED FROM THE TURKS AND
HELD AGAINST THREE ATTACKS.
Suleinan Pasha has been reinforced but it is not
expected that he can recapture the Shipka Pass,
owing to the strength of the Russian defenses. De-
tails of the fighting show that the troops on both
sides fought valorousy and suffered heavy loss.
Suleman Pasha's troops have likewise failed to car
~ the Hankoi Pass, being repulsed 10y the Russian
artillery. There has been heavy fighting in the d.
rection of Esli Djuma between the outposts OF the
Russian left wing and about 1900 Turks. The
reports are conflicting but the Russians appear to
have held Jasler the main point of attack. In Mos
COW and the surrounding country the peasantry are
being called to arms and lists are being made OF the
servants and horses kept by householders, with the
view of enforcing acquisitions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
ARRIVAL AT WASHINGTON.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 24.-The President and
Mrs Hayes aud the members Of the Cabinet who ac-
companied him on his Ncw-England trip, returned to
Washington this evening. He leaves again ON the 7th
proxmo for Fremont Ohio, to attend reunion OF his
old regiment at that place on the l4th
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
THE FIGHT FOR THE sHIPKA PASS.


desperate FIGHTING FOR FOURTEEN HoURs-THE
TURKS AssAILED WITH SHOWER or PRoJEC-
TuEs-THE OTTOMAN DISASTER FULLY CON
LONDON, Friday Aug. "a, 1877.
"Suleiman Pasha" Constantinope dispatch
saws "teegraphs under date OF Tuesday, August q.
that three of his brigades assembled the heights OF
the Shipka Pass in spite of shower of Russian pro-
iectiles. drove back Russian outpost and adj
yanced to within one hundred yards of the enemys
entertainments There was desperate fighting
for hours, at the end of which, however, although
the Turks retained the ground they conquered, the
enemy still held their fortified positions which were
defended by fourteen cannon and large force"
The telegram concludes Tomorrow we shal
bring up our siege guns and renew the struggle.
We hope to be successful"
THE RUSSIAN REPORT.
Detaled bulletins from the Russian general com
handing at the Shpka Pass shows that on Wednes-
day. August %, the Turks erected two batteries OF
long-range artillery, aud made trenches through
which they approached the Russian position. The
Russian loss Oh August q was ZOO and on they'd
much less.
The latest bulletin TecOunts the operations OF
Thursday it saws: "The Turkish fire began at
halfpast four in the morning and lasted with great
violence until noon Meanwhile the Tur>s made
several desperate assaults, but were repulsed Our
heroes did not yield foot. At noon tire firing slack
eped and reserves under Radetsby began 20 arrive.
Our losses have been great"
HCLEDAN PAsTA REINT0 CED.
4 telegram from Adriauoplo states t1t Sulcman
Pasha, who has been trying to capture the Shipka
Pass, has been reinforced by two divisions under
Rus,im Pasha from Phippopolis. II is observed re-
gardmg the fighting at tho SlIpka Pass that all
along the main range Of the Balkans, especially
along the Tundig Valley, the face Of the mountains
is PERCEPTIONS rock, through which q road leads mp
in steep curves. However much the bulk of Suici-
man Pasbas forces NAV have been Injured to noun
tain warfare, and however heroic tire efforts made
within the last two DAYS may have been, IL will be
li.te short of miracle If they should ultimately
succeed iu carrying the pass.
Ifc L4iI ACrfs correspondent nj the Russian
headquarters explains tho uncertainty winch has
arisen corning the reported capture OF the Han
Loi Pass lg Gre Turks. He says: "On the 10th
instant q column Of SG!ciman Pashas force attempt
ed streuuousy TO force the pass. it has been re-
ported that they were successful, but, though the
column did indeed force It's way into tho dehie, it
was there so roughly handled 10y the Russian artil-
lery and by the regiment holding tAe pass that it
was compelled to retire.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25

the car and the rest OF the party made themselves AZ
comfortable the hot depot would allow AZ le tr.
passed OF the depot the President appeared NJ the
door and acknowledged the farewes OF the group upon
the platform. All the members OF the party showed
signs Of WEAKNESS MIS-. Hayes appeared the least
fatigucd
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
FINES ON RouMAYIAN RAILROADS.

LONDON, Friday, Aug "a, 1871
A Bucharest dispatch to The Times, says: On ac-
count of the numerous accidents the overworked
Roumanian railways an agreement las been maze
by which railway companies will pay $500 for ev-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM.
Xxx.

LETTER FROM GAIL HAMILTON.
LAST OF THE CHARACTERIZATION TALKS WITH Mr..
BOwLEs AND Mr.. MEDIIL-sCHNEIDERs CAS-
MIR. sCaURz's CAMPAIGN SPEECHES - LAST
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25
A RryIEW OF THE VISIT.

HOW IT STARTED AND HOW 1T WAS EXrESDED-
GOODWILL OF THE PEOPLE SEEN EVERYWHERE
POLITICAL MArTERs-vIC WHEEL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-08-25

ATROCITIES CHARGED AGAINST THE COssACKs AND
BULGARfANs IN THE RECENT RAID SOUTH OF
THE BALKAYs-No MERCY SHOWN.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1877-03-26

DICKS SHAKSPEARE-Contain all the great
Poets PIays, thirty-seven In number, from the
Original Text. Tho whole Of his Poems. with
Memoir and Portrait, and thirty seven lllustra-
lions by Gilbert, Wilson, &c. Paper 6oc.; CLOTH
DICKS BYRON-A new edition of the Works of
Lord Byron. Four hundred and eighty pages
sixteen Illustrations by +. Gilbert. Paper, 5Oc.;
DICKS SCOTIA new edition Of the Poetical
Works Of Sir Walter Scott. illustrated by +.
Gilb.rt. Paper, 25c.: cloth, SOC.
complete illustrated edition. Paper, 40c.; cloth,
DICK'S BURNs-This new and complete edition OF
the Poetical Works Of Robert Burns is clabo-
rately Illustrated, and contains the whole OF the
Poems, Life, and Correspondence OF the great
Scottish Bard Paper. Csc; cloth, SOC.
DICKS ARABIAN EIGHTS-A new translation.
complete. with numerous Illustrations. Paper,
DICKS MILT0S-Mi,ton's It Works, new edition
with Memoirs, Portrait, and Frontispiece. Pa-
per, 25c.; cloth, soc. s-
DICKS COWPER-Cowper's Works, new edition,
with Memoirs, Portrait, and Frontisrleee. Pa
DICKS W0RDSWOHTH-we Works
per, Csc; cloth, 5cc.
DICKS MOORE-Moore's Works, new edition, with
numerous Illustrations. Paper, 25c: cloth, 5oG
axander Pope, With Notes by Joseph Wharton
ID. d., and others. Paper, soc.
DICKS THOMSOS-A new edition OF the Wsrks
of James Thomson, with Life Of the Author
DICKS HEMANS-A new edition Gf the Work:
OF Mrs. Hemans, with Life and Portrait. Pa
per, 40c.; cloth soc.
Any Of the above.sert, postpaid, TO any address.
NH Il ;. r. ELLYsoN.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1877-03-26

SMALLPOX IN LONDON CABs.-A gentleman
happened to be passing door IN 4 certain
street in London before which stood a hack
cab. As he passed, an invalid, bearing on
his face the eruption OF smallpox, came out
from the house and entered the cab. The
observer followed the vehicle as rapidly as
he could, and was just in time to see it de-
posit its fare at smallpox hospital. En-
dcavoring to ascertain the number OF the
cab our informant still followed, and saw the
driver bailed By lady and gentleman, whom
he yainly endeavored to warn by shouts not
to enter the cab. They took no notice, got
in, and drove Off. Being q resolute man, the
observer still followed, and was Just in time
to see the pair descend at the door OF
house in one OF the best squares in London.
Having failed in his efforts either;to deter
the passengers or to get near enough to the
cab to take its number, the pursuer now
gave up the chase. Some time after, being
again in London, our informant thought he
would call at the house at which the lady
and gentleman had aiighted, with the view
OF explaining what might have seemed his
frantic behavior in shouting to them and in
pursuing the cab. He found the blinds OF.
the house down. The master had died on
the previous day OF smallpox, and bis wife
was not expected to recover from the same
malady Mall Gazette.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1877-03-26

TIE RICHMOND Posi- T-OFrICE.- WdShing-
ton, March 23.-It is stated by the gentle
men from Richmond who are here work
ing against the reippointment OF Miss Van
Lew as postmaster at that city that they
not only object TO her because, as they al
lese, she has continuously maligned the
whole people Of the city and State, but be-
cause she is herself entirely incompetent to
perform the duties of the Office. They say
that the Richmond post-oftice is we'll man
aged. but it is due simply to the fact that
the whole active administration OF the Of
fee is in the hands Of the deputy, Mr.. JET
ferds. The Postmaster-General stated to
DR.. McRae that he was opposed to the re-
appointment of Miss Van Lew, and if it
was left to his judgment it would not be
done.-Special dispatch to the Baltimore
Sun. =. ...-
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1877-03-26

MORE ABOUT THAT INTERvIEw.-To-day
Rev. w. B. Derrick and State Senator Pow
ell, OF Virginia, colored, called on President
Hayes to present resolutions adopted at a
meeting of colored citizens OF Richmond,
bearing their testimony to the goodwill they
entertain for. the President, and giving
assurances OF their aid in support OF his
southern policy and Of his Administration
generally. The President, in reply, said
although that policy might not be success
full to the degree he desired, his aim was the
good OF the entire people of the South and
the restoration of peace on an enduring ba-
sis among all classes. lie sympathized with
the colored people who had expressed such
kindly sentiments, and trusted that his
friendship for them would be found more
substantial than the mere utterance OF words.
Baltimore American.