, 1877-06-23

We new struggle N'EHU w iht NlI-
tceuth crnlUry. Tue Rus.iuu, or NuNco-
ytc, empire dates from the year SG2; but
it had no solid existence till seven hun
drcd years later. Grand dukes, grand
princes and kings without number ruled
or attempted to rule over the disorganiz-
ed hurbarans, who were thinly scattered
over the immense territory; but it WAS
really torn asundor by the rival factions
of irecbootcrs and military aggrsaors
who swarmed in every generation, ls-
deed, the solidifCutiun OF the nation
only began in consequence Of the ncces-
sity of union among the Says to resist
the Tartar invaders; and the resistance
WAS not successful until they had en.
dured the Tartar oppression for more
than two centuries. The Golden Horde,
as it was called, in7&&ed Muscovy and
burnt Moscow in 1240 1t swept over
all the central and southern parts Of the
country, conquered Poland, ravaged
Hungary, and was barely prevented from
selling Germany MS well. The then
Grand Prince Of Russia only secured for
limsclfa continuance OF nominal author
ity by becoming n tributary to the Tar
tar COnqueror, and his successor had to
submit to this gaiing yoke until 1881,
when the revolt of Ivan the Threatening
WAS successful and the last Khuu Of the
Golden HO,de was killed in battle. Ivan
the Threatcning's grandson, Ivan the
Terrible, was the first Tsur of Russin,
and from his time to the time 0t Peter
the Great, amid frequent war and al
most constant anarchy, the nation Glow
ly grew; but mote than that century
and hall were needed to for its rcooye-
ry from the oppression which has left in
the mind Of every patriotic Russian
bitter hatred Of all Tartals and all ot the
Tartars' kindred and religion. 1t is not
strange that tie chief objects Of that
hatled should have been, and should
still he, the Turks, who had in the mean.
while conquered Constantinople and es-
tablishcd in Europe Il dominion which
extended to the Russian frontier, and
TINT, along with theiy hatrelOftle Turks,
should have been maintained Il yearning
to deliver from Turkish tyranny their
own less fortunate kinsmen and fllow-
religionists south of the Danube.
1t WINS in 1921, about eighty years
after the invasion Of Russia by the Col
den Horde, that the Ottoman Turks
crossed the Bosphorus to make their first
raid in Europe 1t t,ok them 13o years
to conquer Constantinople but before
that final exploit was achieved they had
overrun ,aid mastered nearly all the coun-
try from ths Black Sea to the Adri-
attic, from the Egean to the Danube.
The Moldavians and Wallachians, the
Bulgarians, Seryiaus, Bospians, and 9TH
ers, most OF the being of Slayonic origin |
or containing large admiXture OF Sla-
yonIc blood, and all belonging to the
same religion as the Russian Slavs, had |
made far greater advances in civilization
than their northern kinstolk, but perhaps
this civilization made their conquest all |
tile easier, and they fell quickly under
the dominion of the invaders OF what
niture that dominion was during the
first three centuries or so we read in the
dark pages Of Turkish history, and in
the records of Travellers yiGits to tue
country. What it has continued to be
in those provinces left to tie .uncontroll- |
ed authority of the Turks last years |
proceedings in Bulgaria and Bosnia show
us only too vividly and painfully. Con-
siderable notifications IN the lot of the
communities subject to the Ottolnans
have taken place, however, during the
nast century or more. In certain dis
tricts the improvements has been great
in others, the weightof tyranny, taken of
from the more favored districts, has be
come more oppressive than ever. This
haa hpeu ,nniuly dine To tle sDreaQ of