davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
CANNOT BE
E. * Q q lie q.

CHARLEsTowN, Mar. 10, 1869.
II r. STEVENS:
Dear Sir-This is to certify
that have used your "Blord
Preparation" in my family
for several Years, and thinA
that, for ScrOfula or Cnnkc-
rous UumorS or Rheumatic
affections, it cannot be eX-
celled; a1.d ASH blood purifier
or sp ing i.!cditine, it is The
best thing J. have ever used,
nnd J nave used a.lno.t
everything. 7 can cheerfully
recommend it to any one in
need ol such Il medicine.
Your: rcspectsu ~,
MRS. a. A. DlNSNIORE,
No. 10 Russell Street.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
TO CUR CUSTOMERS

w Ho are indebted to us for PRovIs,
IONS or PHOSPHATES, wo would respect
fully call attention, that your bills are due
on or before tho first of November. Wo
are depending ON you for payment AT
ONCE, to enable us to meet obligations
made to assist you, and which arc due at
that time.
In order for us, as we'll as you, to main
tain our credit, it is necessary to meet our
promises promptly.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13

VeSet..ne |
Vegetil,e |
Vegct..ne |
Vegetille |
VoS;etine |
Vegetine |
Vegetille |
Vegetiile |
Vegetine |
Veget;l1c |
Vegetille |
Vegetil1c |
Veget he |
Vegcti:lc
Ve3etine |
Vcgetille |
Vegetine |
Vegotine
Vesetille| |
Vegotine |
Vegetille |
Ve9ctille |
Yegctille |
VcCctille |.
Vegetille |
Vegetille |
fcSSllllc ' |
H.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13

MlIilIMEASTRR III & DRIjE
Most respectfully requo>t tho
inspection Of their cheap and
well Scle, ted stock of
goods, which they
offer as low as
assy house i'll
the up
COUNTRY.
THEIR LADIES
Department is full and complete in
every line.
RUFF'S, SILK TIES,
IIandkerchiofs. Collars Cuffs 60, In
great variety and at extremely low prices
AMERICAN DELANES,
Nice Dress Goods, colorcd and black
Alpacas, at prices that def competition.
DOMESTIC GOODS,
Consisting of Brown Homespun, Check
ed Homc"pun, Dcnims, Tiekings, Shirt
ings, &c, ut prices to suit tho prico Of
Cotton.
THEY HAVE
A splendid lot Of Jeans and Cassimercs,
Gents and Boys Suits which they Offer at
great bargains.
OPERA, GRAY,
Whito and Red FlaRnels at selling
prices.
A FULL STOCK or
Gents. Youths.' Boys and Childrens
clothing fovery desert >ticn.
THEIR LINE or
Gents Furnishing Goods is complete in
every particular.
GENTS, LADIES',
Youths, Boys and Children's Shoes in
great variety, and at ,deniably low
prices.
THEIR HARDWARE
Depal tment is full and complste, con-
SistinS Of everything generally found in ~
hardware store.
A NEW LOT OF
Good and cheap carpets just received.
Call and examine before buying
your goods elsewhere
McMASTER & BRICE.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
THE ED1To IAL DEPARTMENT
RCCEINES SPECIAL ATTENTION.
THE LOCAL COLUMN

Is we'll filled with town md county newy.
The aim of the Publishers is to issu. a
FIR&T-CLASS FAMILY NEWSPAPER
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13

IL
Go. traitor! Go! Thy brokc en- trust
Ii monumental crime;
We spare thy life, for God is Just,
And we wilt bide His time.
The rifles in yon granite pile
But symbol thy career
Through MI the ycnrs.thy party ruled
The State WAS ritled there.
The iarrng m-bcat's signal note.
That browns our church-bclrs chimes,
Shall we forget; but history keeps
The record of thy crimes.
Thy legislative bnyonets CLEAN
Above our broken laws;
Thy country's constitution pierced
TO stab the peoples cause.
Though we have Gunffctl the bitter cup
Held by thy stranger hand,
The law inviolate VIC keep,
And spurn thee from the land.
We stand beneath the Union flag,
Still trusting in our right:
But press us not; n people wron gel
May show n peoples might.
No estate rights hcrcsy" now clouds
The Justice Of our cause;
No shade Of slavery now dims
The lustre of our laws.
Go back to thy far Northern home,
Thou thing that frccmcn hate.
Go live, tho scorn Of honest mon,
Debnuch CT of the State!
The clouds that on our hopes you cnst
Time soon shall drift away;
The morning light is breaking fnst
"n new md brighter day.
Here where You sowcl The see Isl 3of strife
Two races blessed shall stand;
Their rights inviolatc maintained,
Whilejustice rules the land
The law supreme in peace shall sway
The soldier and his sword;
And NIL l:shnll bless the happy day
They trusted Ilnmptons word.
[JUDuE Il. j. NJ.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13

TRI-WEEKLY EDITION.

D, II. Chamberlain's Farewell Address
TO THE
PEOPLE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
From The lo'nlniia RLtster.
I am sitting on the train tonight,
With carpct-bag by my side.
Which with plunuer we'll hive filed
Since the Sunny South" tried.
Tho scene is greatly changed. I feel
I'm blucr now than then;
And | still keep listening for the shout
Of those fierce red-Shirt men.
Farewell, ye yelling rebel crew
OF "cavalcr" dcsccnt;
Most rnvalierly did we net
When I to Edgcfield went.
Iplaycd "rcform" to win your votes;
Ny purpose you nnmasked;
The bnyonct pointed ut your throws
Is tho revenge I've asked.
The sentry walks his daily rounds
Within your State house walls;
Where civil rule once sat cnthroned
Tho drummer beats his calls.
Who steals my good name steals but trash ;
My wealth is in this bng;
Where blue PcnObscot's waters dash
60 to save my "swaS."
Shoemaker first and govern II hlst
My pride has had fall;
In politics hrve pegged out.
And may lose my all.
The State ruled is now redeemed,
The people ut me scott,
And. having taken al things else
Myself now take off.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
r T II AL NOTICE
TO
All parties Indebted to
R. y. MCCARTNEY.

r. J. McCARLEYbegs once moro and
for the last time to invite all parties who
have'not yet squared up their accounts to
do so at once. in order to avoid legal
expenses.
+. S.-IIe also bees to inform axespbody
that he now intends doing n cash;bnsin ess
ant that no orders on aud after lst Jan.
be filled.
jaaA
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
The Answer Of the People
D. H. CHAMBERLAIN.

10
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
Terms of Subscription, PAYABLE inyor;o-

Terms of Subscription, payable invaria.
bly, in advance:
ono copy one year, $500.
'Cne copy SIX months, Sl.Ce.
'os'ie copy three ;months, sl.OO.
+ riS' eoPles' one year. at s2:'75.
Ton copies, one year, ut = - s2.6O.
Twenty copies, one year, ct = = $3.50.
10 every person making up q club of
ten or more subaesibors. q copy will be
sent tree for ono year. The,names consti-
tuting club need not all bo at tho snma
postotlice.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-02-13
VEGE TIL IN IL

PUEIEIEs THE BLOOD, RENov.TEs AND
INvIGoRATEs THE WHOLE SYSTEM.
IT'S MEDICAL PROPERTIES
Alternative, Tonic, Solvent and
Diuretic.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

y new Democratic paper Is talked of in
York county, Pa. The Glen Rock H,u "a I'VE.
1T IS to be run in the interest of the Demo.
cratic party, ON u strictly economical bas;s
opposed TO all rings or Jobs of any kind. adj.
Noctuhg the payment OF the county debt, sale
Oh tue AlmshouSe property aud is establish.
ulent NJ distance from the borough Of York,
anu ~ Tue interest of the taxpayers generally.
nc euitorlai management is to be in charge
oil gentleman from York, and one of tbe
most brilliant political writer's for the press
IN the city Of Baltimore. F~''
Colonel James +. Paine, Of Georyin son
o. bishop Paine, the head OF the Methodist
ShGrch South, brolher.in.law of Senator
Gordion, elassinate Of Senator Lamar. and
hlghly connected in the South, is going IA
MAKE lght tor the position of Sergeant al.
arms OF the House of Representative, II
lhe report that the Southern members have
concluded to demand this office i ,rne Col
falne will probably get il.
All the Charges made months AGO nyo,,s,
inc management Of the bureau of printiSg md
engraving are more than sustained he ,bo
olhclal report of the committee of inves,;aa
'4n' which has found the department 90 rad;
cally rotten that 1t recommends its total III
ishment as the only efiectual cure.
{, Inc views Of the President and of secreta,v
SHERMAN on The silver question don't doyetaf
very We'll and there win be STRUGGLE 10 sa,
winch one shall have the influence mon ~
forthcoming Republican Convention IN Oh
II IS The question of good money against de-.
pIeela'ed money all over again, bnt the p.
iaS . seems TO have lost his grin
Inc straight Republican demonstrate, :.
n lasEr OF Graqt for President in 1880 / ratbar
cary IN the day; yet there is no donbt CT,
- 1ne sironge,, candidate the party OF Fraud
,!. ne Upper Marlboro Prince G,o,o;o.
Ia a,unt advocates the election of ex Goy
Senator from Maryland. '"''su S'a'es
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23
Foreign Affairs.

The SITUATION IL FRAseE.--The French
crisis has come at last, aud in the issue
squarely made upon q test vote the ministry
was defeated by majority OF 1858 against SO.
The Assembly will adjourn and the appeal
will go to the people in the coming elections.
France has still to decide whether she will be
a growing republic or will suffer herself to be
saddled and bitted by the paltry riders Of for.
mer days. whether the people are to be
sovereign, or whether rags and shreds of old
0rleanist, Bourbon and imperial bummers
are to run France in their own little grooves.
The danger of civil war is imminent. The
acts of the Government are watched closely
and with the deepest interest, under strong
suspicion that preparations for new coup q
etdt are in progress.
Such is the tension Of the public mind in
France that it would require very little to pro.
woke collision that might easily drift into
civil war. The monarchical conspirators
think they can use the army to overthrow the
Republic, but it is not certain that they can
do so. During the past few years the sent.
ments of the peasantry toward the Republic
have changed considerably, and it may be
well doubted if even the utmost efforts Of the
clerical and monarchieal parties combined
could induce any considerable portion of the
rural population to take arms against the Re.
public.
The war between Turkey and Russia pro-
ceeds as usual. The Turks in Armenia have
found it practicable to retreat On the Dan.
ube they are sending reinforeements to the
mouth Of the Timok, anticipating an attempt
by the Russians to cross through Servian ter.
ritory. Electric torpedoes have been laid at
the entrance Of the bay Of Smyrna. The
London Times attributes the rise in French
rentes to the influence Of the clerical party.
The French deputies have passed vote Of
censure against the government,
There are indications in Cuba of disposi.
ton on the part Of the people-not the so.
called Spanish party--to make peace with the
insurgents, and the insurgents are said to be
not averse to the negotiation.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23
For The Democratic Idrocate.


4 very interesting meeting was held by the
United Brethren, in the Union church, near
Snydersburg, commencing ON Saturday eve
ming and continuing over sabbath, June 10th
aud l7th. The gospel loving people OF that
place had just repaired the church inside by
taking ont an unsightly old pulpit aud putting
IN a neat new one. They also put in, where
there had been none before, an entirely new
altar railing, making very neat altar place.
The windows, doors and pews which never
had had any paint ON them, although being
in use there for more than twenty years were
all painted. Two new chandeliers with lamp,
were put in the place of the old ones A
very handsome carpet covered the inside OF
the altar. The walls and ceiling were made
to look like new with lime. New hitchiug
posts and rails were put in where the old ones
Were; the church on the outside and the fence
around the graveyard were made to look as
white with lime as the drifting SNOW. All
this certainly reflects great credit on the poo
pie of that community, and was a very pleas,
ant surprise to those who came there to wur-
ship who knew nothing Of the improvements.
The services were conducted by the Rev u.
T. Anthony, editor OF the Highirdy. Shire
maustown, Pa, and Rev. j. II. SEOke, Pas.
tor of the Manchester charge. reOpeutug
service was held on Saturday evening. con.
sisting Of sermon by Rev. j. T. Anthony;
text Psa. 50-2. The theme was the Pcricc.
ton OF Beauty found in the Worship Of God
and in the Worshpper The house was near.
ly filled with an intelligent audience, who
listened very auentively. At the close of the
sermon, the speaker read parts Of the seventh
chapter OF LIST Kings. He then requested the
congregation to stand ON their feet and read
respOnsively in coucer, such passages Of
Scripture as he would repeat This was done
in very impre sSiye way. The speaker then
formally named what was made new in Gods
House, and gave them to God in q very an.
propriate dedicatory prayer On Sabbath
morning at an early hour the people from all
parts OF the surrounding country came flock
ing in and filled the house to its utmost ca.
pacity, and the songs Of praise and earnest
prayers iioatod upward toward God. from the
hearts and the lips Of the wurshippers, per,
tulned with the sweet incense OF loving faith.
aud each waiting heart was made to feel the
gracious presence of that God tO whom the
house was newly given. Following this was
another sermon by the visiting midistcr. text
Rom. ., g, theme "Christ's Death or Les.
sons at the Cross. The congregation was
frequently bathed in tears while listening to
the earnest words Of this man Of God.
Ihe-Communion was then administered TO
about seyeutyiive persons, old and yOnng. OF
different denominations. The people then
with glad hearts returned home for some rest
and refreshments, and at half.past two O clock
the house was again filed with children and
parents and young men and women, aud some
interesting things we're said to the children
by the ministers. All seemed to be delight
4
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

A contemporary predicts that tho nexl
new State 20 be added to the Union will
be Mexico. Hardly. But the Eve north
ern provinces may be. Then what flock
ing thither Of our enterprising young men
The N. Y. Stm insists that a scheme o.
territorial spoliatiou is on foot, sanctioned
by Lerdo, who is in favor at Washington
1t says:
Three modes of acquiring territory, under
the false pretence of preventing cattle steal
ing on the Rio Grande, are therefore present,
ed, namely:-Collision and war by invading
Mexico; treaty for the reetifcation Of the
present boundary, at a large price; secession
Of the northern States, fomented by Ameri-
can spectators, with annexation for price
to be paid down in bonds OF the United States.
In the present condition Of the country, either
of these propositions may be considered the
height of audaeity. But they are seriously
entertained, and are in the programme of the
Fraudulent President.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

Southwark the course of empire takes
its way. Emigration is pouring into the
South, lands are cheap, soil productive,
labor and capital in demand Go South,
young man, go South, if you want to es-
tablish yOurselfprOftably and permanently
upon the soil. From FIVE to fifteen dollars
an acre will give you lands with improve
ments, established conditions, fine mar
kets, good prices, all facilities, and time
payments on the purchase money. You
can't do that by going West and buying
government land, settling upon and i'm
proving it from the start This advice is
good and there are one hundred counties
in the South which eau afford such chances.
$50 South"
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23
Harvest.

The reward which men receive through
the bounty ef bene6cent Providence,
from generous soil, sweetens their labor
and stimulates them to renewed exertion.
Harvest time, to the farmer, IS one Of the
most interesting periods Of the year. 1t
Is an assurance to him that 'seed-time
and harvest shall never fail, and while
he gathers in the grass which is to be
transmitted into flesh, as ''all flesh is grass,
and while his garner overflow with the
golden grain, his heart overHows with
thankfulness to the Giver of all good. He
has sown his seed at seed-time, after due
preparation of the soil, and watched it
with tender care and much anxiety, fear
ing the ravagcs of the fly, the rust, the
mildew and the blight; and now that it
has escaped all these enemies and has
flourished and matured, he is about to
thrust in his sickle or his reaper and gath
err the golden sheaves, the fruits of his
own toll. 1t is time for joy and gratu-
lation, and in past ages Of the world it used
to be celebrated as a festal occasion, in
which the tresses Of the queen of agricul-
ture were adorned with garland of wheat
and there was music and dancing and song,
in hor,r of the gathering in of the fruits
Of the field. While the farmer has spe-
cial reasons for gratitude over his own
prosperity and abundaneeof cereal wealth
all other elasses should rejoice with him
for, literally and truly, the farmer feedeth
all. A bountiful harvest, therefore, is a
time when every bosom should swell with
gratitude to Him who sends his rain upon
the just and the unjust, and giyeth to al
his portion in due season.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

sewers on Of our buttons--liie ergn,,ss''
sweetest, most provoking things, 1he l.au'es,
Nav tbey never cease to torment Us MI We
,ioid m their uncertainties and call them ours
Roy. Thomas II. Lewis responded. o.,
The Brotherhood OF l.earning-the ia'lN'
HE chain which holds cultivated minus To-
ether. and is the passport into an inner TEN
Hle M thought aud feeling. May u eNa' Us
n a true conception Of its dignity, pleasures
and responsibilities
Professor Reese responded
Tho Glass of Tan accession OF talent
industry, character, scholarship and beauty
Nav n, sons be as brave rs IT'S daughters
are fair IL
The treat organ Of power in this wondron,,
ace Of nroeression--the protector and treud
Of the weak and oppressed The denonneer oil
fraud. dishonesty aud wickedness- anu,
ser of knowledge and wisdom-the voice oil
the nntion-the voice of the people he
PRESS MAY the cheering results Of past Ia
bors be an impetus TO continued cNerIlOh' anu
thr grateful acknowledgment and hearty sup
port of a refined and educated race crown
I Win richest laurels its worthy efforts
I Henry vanderford, Esq, responded. ~,
a hTNlNtlNtNu " llblihA haN
Z Alumni Assaciation-whose members are
children nurtnrcd by common parent uni
ted by ties Of mutual joys and sorrows--whos'
paramount object should be to promote th'
prosperity Of our beloved College. May The
Association ever be renowned for the wisdom
ofits proceedings aud the honesty of its treas
urrrs.
II. Dorsey NewSon, responded.
A number OF volunteer toasts were also oil
iarcd and appropriately responded TO. Wan
of space iDrbids notice OF more than one
that by Mr.. Miles. to Mr.. F. /. Wheeler, ant
the richly laden table spread before his guests
to which Mr.. Miles alluded in very compll
mrptary terms.
Mr.. g. r. Grouse, President Of the Alumni
Association, presided, assisted by Mr.. +. W
Shriyer. Vice President, The very agreeable
rauuion did not break up until an hour "be
want the twal.
The SeNle,tc, led by Professor Dielman
culiycuel the occasion by some their ehoic
est selections.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

las Last week workmeu engaged in di,c;n,
cellar for warehouse on Charles s,rsa s'i y q
sil no'y ., NOV the centre of business in tba,
esg, struck mass Of timber, very much da'
LLa{Meu, winch appeared to be one ida 81 ~.
null nun Of a small sized sailing vessel VI T rue
place where the warehouse exesyaiion; i Inc Inc
to the ,og year sS al made ground and previous
Sergeant Hause has in his po.,e' uiep water
So as "nu minute map Of Baltimore town snS
markell Jos executed .aa, in 1862 upon which ans Is
down, being the FIRST wrecL ~, Dove went
~ Tue waters Of the Patnpseo ~ SeSa nIn
5 s,eSia.lon and measurement the S'ose
vaton S s no that the place where the sxea
nan y. Is me exact locality marked nm n,
i, VA. az she scene Of the sinking Of ,hs I'm ns
,be O O' mus appear that the Cid haiL rL;Ip
slonn n'9 mar are digging up is the wreeI ~ ,S
,ooP peye' now unearthed md J; a. =, me
S lGr ihe hrst time after being bar; discovered
uFed and twenty-five years 'u''eu nun
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

DRsrRrcTIvg SroRNs.-A terrific storm
passed over the East Pennsylvania railroad
and through Reading, Pa, Thursday, causing
heavy damages to property. At Topton a
steepe Of church with the bell was blown
down, and a house and barn were unroofed
near there. At Lyons church and several
houses were unroofed. The greatest damage
was done in and about the village of Fleet
wood, about eleven miles from Reading
Three large barns were destroyed, houses
we're unroofed, shedding demolished, trees
uprooted and fences blown down.
northwestern gale struck Iowa City,
Iowa, Thursday evening, and in ten minutes
did much damage, blowing down chmneys,
trees and fences, and injuring crops IN the
surrounding country. The steeple of the
S'esbyterian church, with a part OF the build.
ing, was blown down. The spire Of the Con
gregational church was wrenched out Of per.
pendicular and its foundation cracked SO that
il must he replaced.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23


Sheriff White says since he has occupied
the Jail he has had over one hundred chickens
stolen from the premises. Last week some
one not having the fear Of the law or the
Sheriff before his eyes, stole eighteen chick
ems from his yard.
Mn. Z. LlMouE, of Matanzas, Cuba re-
ceiyed u silver medal as first premium in
mathematics, at st. Georges Hall, Resters-
town, on the 10th instant Mr., l.amothe is
well.known in this city, where he resided
about one year.
Elijah T. Benson, mortgage, sold on
Monday last tract of land containing lll
acres, in Hampstead district, to Peter j.
Wisner for $3.50.
entertainment will be given by the pupils
of Miss Lizzie Matthews school, at Odd Eel
lows Hall, on Tuesday evening next, ut s
O'Clock,
Ma. ANnRgw DIcE, of Manchester district,
fell from cherry tree on Monday Inst aud
was severely stunned and bruised by the fall.
We understand that the field of oats of Mr.,
Davis Myers, in UniontOwn district, was
nearly destroyed by hail on Thursday evening,
Mrs. Ephuim Cover and Mrs Lydia Whit
mycr leit Friazcilsburg ON Monday for v,si,
Of several weeks to TiIlin, Ohio
Henry and Rufus A. Eichclbergcr, Of New
Oxford, Adams county, Pa. are building
bank barn ll0Nj0 feet
\ violent AMI destructive storm swept over
Frederick county, Md, on Thursday after
noon.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23
NOTICE .

NOTICE is hereby given to the mens'n
Az Of The Farmers Mutual Fire lnsu'a5g
Company Of Dag Hill, that on secoaa' Z
several losses by fire, had by said ConPa'l
the Board Of Directors Of said CompanyEM
Obliged TO make a levy on their me@bef y
meet said losses. They have, therefore, aA.
levy OF three per cent. on the premium ael
capital. Each member will be duly MOTIFS
OF the time and place to pay his OF her Y
spectiye part of the levy. The books icf y
lection will be given into COLLECTORS NY Y.
by the first of August. Sealed proposals \
the collection of said levy will be received X
the Secretary up to the I'd Saturday 10 'H'
next.
FRANCIS WARNER,
june 23,3t Secretary
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1877-06-23

-Four more of the rioters at the 10Th
ward polls, Baltimore, in 1875, were on
trial in the Criminal Court, this week
Some Of them, it twill be remembered, were
convicted and sent to the Penitentiary
but recently pardoned by the Governor
The jury found William Merchant, Yves.
ley Merchant and William Deck guilty
and Benjamin Allen not guilty, and re
commended the guilty to mercy. Sentenced
to four months in jail, except Deck, sen
fenced for one day only, having previously
been in confinement.