The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-02-20
THE CONGO.
SOURCE OF THE GREAT AFRICAN RIVER Dis
COVERED BY PORTUGUESE MERCHANT

COVERED BY PORTUGUESE MERCHANT
LIVINGSTONE REACHES IT'S HEAD WATERS.
The following information IL gathered from a small
colonial Portuguese paper little known fame. Tho
statements made in It's correspondence clear and
intelligent and carry with them certain con vction.
There nothing in the story Of the discovery OF the
source OF the Congo or tho Portuguese prefer to
call this river the Zairc which would lead 10
reject Its truthiulness. as 1t everyday
tor the Portuguese traders In Africa to
wander far beyond the limits OF civilization and into
wholly unknown regions In pursuit OF their COM
mercial enterprises Among these still exists
something OF the knight errantry OF commerce which
common in Europe in the Middle Ages II IS there
lore quito possible that one OF these adventurous
traders has pushed INTO the interior from the west
coast and solved one OF the great problems Of geo.
graphical science while seeking favorable market 10
dispose Of mis- Should the claim put forth by
this nameiess Portuguese prove correct will dispose Of
Lieutenant Camcron's theory that the Luulaba flows
into the Congo The following article Is from the
Dario de Aanlra, OF Lisbon. the data on which 1t is
based being furnished by Senior Luciano Cordero Sec
relary OF the Geographical Society
DISCOVERY SOURCE OF THE RIVER ZAiEE
ain the Mercanail, Angola Journal, almost un-
known on the Portuguese continent, an important
correspondence has appeared which presents with
the solution OF the most important problem OF African
geography problem which Lieutenant Cameron IN
vain strove solve, but ono which has been solved
by u Portuguese merchant whose name IL, unfortu-
nately. not mentioned in the journal - which we
REFER In the .Mercanti there appeared correspond
encc signed by IA Portuguese merchant who aided the
German explorer P0ggc ~ his lribulators. The SAID
Pogge, after having escaped IRON tho clutches OF
Mathalyo. reached Malanse completely broken down
in health, when he was kindly succorcd by the mcr-
chant signed the correspondence. Tho merchant
correspondence states that pogge does justice to
tho Portuguese in this point differing greatly from the
English who themselves Of all opportunities to
depress US and appropriate to themselves The glory
coo uu ars so ,mpertec,y Known in Portugal
that person occupying an elevated position
told the German, Won Mayer, that the Portuguese
traders do not pass beyond Cassange, when II is
quite certain that they penetrate much further into
the inter Tor of the African continent The source OF
the Zare Is twenty days march from Meangc, in the
direction OF the east On quitting Melange following
the OF Songo Grande straight on TO Moua Cavuila
and after crossing the mountains of Qumango-a-
Cunugue. Nuca on passing the capital of Dumbo.
Tcmbo, in plain days march distant from the last
mentioned village, exists the source OF the Zare,
ing tho river flows 10 the NORTH being then
called by the natives Kassai or Kassabi, which name
name OF crossed by Livingstone, who little
thought he was crossing the Zaire, although he sup
posed 1t might prove to be branch oil that river II
then the territory OF Lumda, and then takes
name Of Mare, which is not much unlike Zaire,
name which assumes in the last part OF its course
and which Is tho native name, although tnc English
insist calling II Congo" The editor OF the Dtario
de Mantra remarks that this information Is most I'M
portap as II completely destroys Cameron's version,
which based the identity OF the Luulaba with the
Zalrc
NEW EXPLORATIONS
1t would that Portugal has at last thrown aside
the indifference she has Tor years displayed
ton with the development OF her African possessions.
may be shrewdly suspected that the sudden interest
she has resolved taking In tho welfare OF ncr
colonies entirely spontaneous but that her eyes
have been opened to the Importance OF the question
by the great attention foreign explorers bestowing
everything that bears reference to African invcst
SaeD taken ana the expedition tha, sailed from the
Tagus the 18th inst, bound Tor Mozambique on
board the government steam transport Africa may be
regarded the precursor OF new era OF prosperity
Tor the long neglected African colonies. Tho Minister
OF Marine has spared no expense in equipping the
expeditions everything that care and foresight could
has been provided This first exploring party
Is divided into three sections, which will commence
operations at Mozambique Qumane and Lorenzo
Margres The transport India under orders to
convey the second exploring party to Angola, AS the
plan decided on is for one party TO enter by tho east
coast while the other will penetrate into The interior
from the side. The Portuguese press is loud
IN It's encomiums as TO the clcien. manner IN which
everything has been prepared. One Portuguese jour
nal especially devoted 10 the interests OF the colonies
thus speaks OF the expedition
"rhe expedition takes with it idea and actoD--the
head that thinks and the arm that executes MOZam-
bique, Qumane and Lorenzo Margres are about TO
celebrate grand festival new cru has dawned on
ultramarinc possessions"
The expedition, 1t Is calculated, will complete Its
abors in Jour years, and the estimate OF expenses Is
stated at 1850 900.
CAPTURE OF TIN PORTUGUESE BRIG ovAREXsE
Portuguese brig, engaged in transporting free
laborcrs from the mainland to the island OF St.
Thomas, has been lately captured by an English war
and carried 10 Sierra Leone, where, according
the statement Of the captain anu owners 1t has boon
unjustly aud illegally condemned as saver The
matter has been taken up by the Portuguese press
and the conduct OF the British authorities has been
severely censured. AT the legislative session held
the 18th inst Deputy Barros dc Cunha called the at
tenti0n Of the government TO tho question. He
stated ''that English war vessel lately captured
Portuguese brig named the Ovarense and that he con-
sdcred the capture quite Illegal because he could by
admit that after the law voted In the Cortes
with reference 10 Portugas ultramarine possessions
any allied nation should even suspect that Portu-
slaves" The following vigorous sentence concluded
the Deputys addrcss:-"I insist upon the govern
mont using every effort to make England, or any
other nation know that Portugal needs no guardians
TO enable her to MAINTAIN complete individual liberty