The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1877-09-12
WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBER IL. 1871
Grating Sugar Cane.


cane. so much has been observed IN tbls coun-
try.
The references made TO various varieties oil
cane, TO the sickness " with which they have
been attacked, and to the presence of insects as
Il cause of such sickness, are most interesting to
us who are still in doubt regarding the causes
of disease that have attacked the cane in this
country.
The subjoined report is from the Agricultural
Department Of Brazil, and is translated by Z.
Nathan, Esq, of New Orleans We quote from
the PIcayune:
On 9Th June 1876. Councillor Capenema
brought TO the Baltauic Gardens of Rio de ia
metro some stalks OF sugar cane obtained from
sugar planters during his excursions 10 the dis
trcts OF Mache and Campos.
Among the varieties OF sugar cane already
known were found some novelties and US the ST.
Julian cane, said TO have been obtained by means
Of grafting the degenerated Quissaman cane
the Uba; Solangor, stripped with purple; the
Purple, stripped with yellow; and the Purple,
with purple leaf, grown wild in lands of Campos
and Mache.
In April, 1868, Baron Araruama gave the fol-
lowing account to the Imperial Agricultural H.
stitute:
:. That the grating of sugar cane was first
effected in Campos on the Queimado plantation,
by Commandeur Julian Riheiro de Castro, dur
ing the years 1852 and 1853.
I" That the grating was Of the kind known as
splice grafting-the Cayenne cane as stocks. and
the Molle (soit) cane as scion, producing cane
to have eyes like the Molle, also leaves Of the
color of the Mole, but of the size of those of
the Cayenne. and the stalk of the real Cayenne.
That this grated cane developed itself quite
as well as the Cayenne being equally rich IN
sugar, the medium density of the saccharne
n -. -
February and March. August and September
were the most appropriate for grating, in order
to obtain successful result"
Some days later Baron Araruama followed the
statement of Antonio Ribero de Castro by the
following declaration:
- 1t is now fully fifteen years since the planter
Julian Rbeiro de Castro grated the Moe cane
on the Cayenne, and since then, approaching
the result of this grating attempted to continue
it and generalize it.
The system adopted was tina: known as
splice grating" placing the scion on the stand
ing cane.
Grating was also attempted on the eye or
bud of the cane, but without success. There
was also experimental the Sitting of two sepa.
rate small joints or pieces of cane, uniting halves
of different qualities, tying them together, and
planting them There was no result obtained
from this grating, beyond the fact that the
white cane became marked and damasked with
purple stains. This ! observed ia u cane field
IN 1866 containing purple cane and st. Julian
cane.
Noticing bud completely purple. planted
the joint on which it was, and the result was |
had white st. Julian cane.
Probably continued planting of the same
cane, annexed to that OF another variety, may in
the course Of years produce some mistfYng re-
fnr ha a nRsL- sann
mentioned being reproduced regularly among
purple cane, by planting in the same furrow Que
piece OF each variety alongside the other.
Alter the sickness, FROM which the Cayenne
cane suffered, caused according 10 my notion
undoubtedly by insects, that nourished them.
selves from It, the planters sought refuge in the
MOlie (soft) cane, as the purple was not then
known TO them, and of which there is no nfor-
nation as 10 the manner it reached and was in
troduced into Campos.
The Molle cane is species of indigenous or
creole cane, but more favored in growth and
thickness. Although, it is true, rich IN sugar.
and as IT were, exempt from the attacks OF in
sects, the Molle cane was an unsatisfactory re-
placement, and did not satisfy those who had
enjoyed the grund and coplous juice of the Cay
enne cane and thus arose the idea of grating
as means TO make the Molle cane while retain
ing its richness OF saccharine, appropriate TO it.
self the advantageous size aud abundant JUICE of
the Cayenne cane.
10 my opinion, this had been undoubtedly
realized, so much so that on my plantation the
| st. Julian cane is substituting the Cayenne and
in good lands it is planted in reference to the
! purple cane. which pfedominates on plantations
generally.
Unfortunately, however, st. Julian cane is
not free from attacks of insects; meanwhile |
do not put it aside, but on the contrary, cult
/ yate It IN preference. / fnd on my plantation
that it per6liates better than the Cayenne, aud
| is beartier as stubble.
" | am thoroughly convinced that St. Julian
cane participates of the saccharine advantages OF
| the Molle cane, while in appearance it demon.
strates that its proportions are not less favored
than those of the Cayenne cane. In quality oil
| juice and bagasse it Is equal to Cayenne in
sugar, superior without doubt, because it parti-
clpates OF the Molle cane, while its juice, like
that OF the Cayenne. is clearer.
=" In well worked lands it has given 10 Baume
and in condition of complete ripeness will give
rather more than less, especially in August and
| September if the weather has been dry
"a Ii is worthy OF note that the richness of cane
does not always depend upon itself; it relies
greatly on the season, the quality of the soil and
the period of grinding; in like manner the clear
ness OF the juice depends on the quality of the
soil.
=. The advantages to which refer, believe
to have arisen from the grating, or what we cal
grating. We recognize this TACT, because in the
! Molle cane is not to be found all that you meet
with in the st. Julian or in the Cayenne. The
ST. Julian cane presents the properties of both
distinguishing itself from them. more especially
by its leaves. Having the gigantic proportions
of the Cayenne leaf. it also has the black or DARK
green color; the inHsxibiity of the spear point
ed and stiff ends, and the body reveal the parti
cipatious of the Molle cane, although this latter
has smaller leaves.
The eye button or bud of ST. Julian cane il
similar to the MoIls cane, more defined and
stronger than that of the Cayenne.
g In strong land. or that appropriated to Its
culture, the st. Jolian cane, Ia lis proportions
takes 10 after the Cayenne, while in land less
adapted, it approxlmstes more to the NOBLE. al
though more forward than this latter cane.
a. 1t would be very Interesting to undertake a
serious aud persevering study Of this matter
with continuous observations in Botanical Gar
dens, to ascertain how it was that from one ouly
species OF cane the species and typical varieties
propagated in different climes, have been OBJ
tanned, and which OF the means of hybrid cross
ing is preferable TO obtain improved canes, whe
Their affected BY sexnalty. forming little nurseries
in appropriate gardens, or Ehether.by the close