davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20
. TCommunicated.1
A pR(DpHEG

Editor Democrat was present among party
OF friends when the prophecy copied below was
read by LADY In the crowd, and endured any
amount OF chsffing for ever daring TO read, much
less believe, such nonsense. | copied II, saying,
laughingly, ''thst means business, and results
can be calculated"
Wilson spiritual Magazine, Memphis, Tenn,
February l, 1875, page %
There will be great contest--from 1880 to
1885-the world will be shaken by revolutions,
caiamities and peshiences. There will not be
cessation of these until 1918. The contest will be-
gin In Turkey, and will continue by way oil England
to the United States. II will be here in four
years, and will continue eight years. The pre-
diction Ia very much longer, only give the
dates; not citing the causes and effects therein
announced. II. M.
Entire aous-as you zee, this was sixteen months
ago, and ought TO have come from the Christian
Aduocute Southern Presbyterian or New Orleans
DEMOCRAT to give it Christian dignity.
Saturday, May 10.
All Nations To Rs Involved.
IN. o. Democrat.1
There ID no end TO the jealonsies and entangle-
ments produced by the Russian Turkish war.
Austria liz not pleased with the British govern
ment for Its apparent acquiescence 10 the inde-
pendence of Raumania, which, under the ciEcum-
stances, Ia equivalent to the establishment OF
Russian-f 1ernian-Sclav kingdom on her border,
and asks for explanations, which the British Min
istry 10 embarrassed to give. France, too, is not
content with the condition ard the relations
which England assumes toward Egypt and the
Huez Canal. Her capitalists claim . dominant
interest In that great work. and sus-
pect England OF irving to dislodge them
through pretenses OF extending her protection to
Egypt. Altogether, Great Britain has been in
volved In IN awful muddle, aud her people are In
q mighty ferment. We hoped that our govern
ment, nj least, would be left free from any in
Vehement by this conflict Of two such remote =
tions. But ID seems we were disappointed, for
now comes the Porte with fr0wns and mutterings
against the United States for permitting the Rus
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20
NOTICE TO BONDHuLDEgS.
SEALED PROPOSALS.

STATE OF LOUISIANA STATE PRINTING BOARD. !
New Orleans, May IA. 1877.
Sealed proposals are invited for the printing
OF the decisions of the Supreme Court. In &C.
cordance with the provisions of section of act
No 100. approved April 80. 1877 and the same will
be received up to and including the 2sth day OF
May 1877.
ny order Of the Board
myls I'd WILL STEVEN. Secretary.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20
Summer arrangement. b
GRAND ISLAND HOTEL.
a. beatty T. co.

Have leased this famous watering place for a
term of years. The new management will open
for the reception Of guests about the 10th Of
May. Polite and attentive clerks will be on hand
to receive and welcome guest. The cuisine will
renced caterer. Nine. Hhineheart will look
after the welfare of ladies and children. a
and Leave the city wharf on the 18th Of May in
charge Of Capt NJ. Mcsweeney.
For freight. passage and terms, apply to ..
toulas street, or to NJ. Insolvency. on beard
the steamer, ~ my6R
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

Grover Il Baker and Domestic sewing machines
Ut reduced prices, guaranteed to be new ma
chimes, 5 Chartres street.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

THE CHIcKER1Na P1ANo.--Mr. P. Werlein, rs
and 30 Baronns street, tbs popular and courte-
GUS piano dealer, IL the agent for this world
renowned piano. It's durability, elasticity OF
touch and sweetness Of tone make 1t very popu-
lar with the music world. Mr.. Werlein's prices
are moderate, aud any one wishing piano or
organ can certainly BIZ supplied to their satisfac-
ton by Mr.. Werlein.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20
''DOMESTIC.''

Having completed arrangements with tn
Domestic Sewing Machine Company for the
Southern agency Of their celebrated machines,
now offer them to the public at the Lowest
Cab and Time Rates.
These machines are warranted to be the light
est running, most durable, and simplest In con-
struction Of any lock stitch machine made.
lew stock of Domestic and Grover and
Baker" machines just received.
Grover and Baker Sewing Machine Depot.
iii. Ell. TRUE.
No. 8 Chartres street, New Orleans.
ap1s3m
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

Straw and felt hats, ofihe most fashionable de-
signs, at 26 1t. Charles street.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

Buy only the Singer; they were the first to re-
duee the prices. Office 81 Canal street.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

J. r. Walker, D. D. g., 1870 Delord street.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

RAND GILMAN voLKsFEsT
For the benefit of the
GERM A N PROrEsTANT ORPHAN
-a ASYLUM,
Sunday and Monday, May 30 and Al. 1s7T.
AT THE FAIR GROUNDS.
:, The festival will be inaugurated BY Grand
CONCERT, 70 commence on Sunday ut IL o'clock
o'clock precisely. The programme con sfsts Of
9pei attic selections by double orchestra. Ora.
Buck u snd Y dad Eags BY aMsssr Cha
German ales Club. etc. :. '
q Roo o ErD eys and hpms. n a
T r Boys and
phHflsa sHAkfNa 1 P1E f2 Aso EfgAd III
BALLOONS, GREASY Pid, CLIMBING POLE
80 ALSO. A GRAND ToURN AmErr
GRAND CHALLENGE TROTTING RACE.
For two hundred and fift7 dollars q side.
Hugo Redvisz enters Sam Thorn 3 years old.
Sired gy Snlipsric, dam by Li4htning, driven BY
y. II. shawhan enters Henry Hamilton, q years
a a Ry ppg dam BY Crazy
located IL Se ab s B gaRaasa nex y ss
LADIES' AID AssouIATiuN, = 'A'o
where all the delicacies Of the season can be
had ID at the lowest city prices. : :
IWu RtE85 OFGuGSLfHB are engaged. and
dancing ON the platform, as well as In the main
pnllding WILL Dc Kept up until IL O'Clock In ti1e@
The grounds will be brilliantly illuminated.
and strigg order maintained ,
The several g. bars are und,,r charge Of well
known c1tlzens members OF the as40 iaton
On Monday, May n, 1877.
the programme OF the first day, excepting the
opening ceremonies. will be Deated.
GRAND TROTTING RACE,
Mile heats. Prize. Geld-mounted Whip.
Entries Hugo Hedwitz enters Moltke, driven
driven by J. Hawkins; John Dillon enters Robert
e. Lee, driven by l.. Dillon. 81
public In general are cordially invited to attend
n RaEa4SS fi Fi..l V'.s p,..,a..,
HY OEhTLINa, Second Vice President
ALBEIT p. NOLL, Secretary myf7 1t
RAND EXCURSION TKr
.eE EADs, JETTIEs.
The magnificent low-pressure passenger
! GRAND REPUBLIC,
w. IL. Thorwegan. master.
win leave on two select OK sursion trips to Esds
I Jetties. from head Of Canal stree. on
Saturday Morning, Nay ID, nj o'clock.
. AND
Sunday Morning, Way 20, Mt O'Clock,
promptly; returning at II o'clock .. M. each
day Fare for the round trip, including meals,
FIVE DOLLARS.
For passage apply to - ~
J. B. WOODS a. CO. Agents.
! myf3 zig 9H 1O4 Common street.
FUNl FUNi rSs
GREAT EXCITEMENT ~
At the IS aX
Louisiana Cock PIT Nh szS&W
Every Sunday corner Df~ N$&MMaAa@Y W III
maine and Roman sts W0TEHyr vi
Take this Dufnaine street q
ears, at the Clay Statue. go
All the GhAntieIeer Clubs
are invited. Fun begins at 10. 80 a. m
apl4 cot L .
NEXV nDT rlNn Ta4rD UrsTsU
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20
FOR SALE.
For Sate.

EvOR HALE-THE DELIGHTFUL RESI-
l. denee and extensive grounds Of Judge M.
g. h n9oisy . At the , corner 81 washington and
about LAG feet from st. Charles street, are for
sale. The grounds consist Of nine lots. covered
ing.) fig and other choice fruit trees. The I'M
provements are nearly new-a raised cottage
with marble mantels, hail. and all convenient
oubuildings for poultry. etc, etc. Inquire ut 20
st. Charles street, or on the premises, or adj
dress Postoffice Box 243O. api7tf
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

succession Netice-AII persons having
claims against the succession of ABNER L.
GAINES are notified to present the same to the
undersigned without delay
By her husband, E. A. BURKE,
mys sod no. 1859 Grayier street,
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20
WANTS.

WANTED BY A COMPETENT AND SET
w tied woman, a situation 10 nurse and do
house work. Apply at the grocery corner Ba-
rome and Delord streets. my201t
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-05-20

WANTED-A NURSE, A MIDDLE AGED
w woman preferred Apply at Denechaud's
Restaurant, Caronelet street. my19 3t*
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

RICHMOND, Ind. Sept 4.-Chas Spencer,
OF Connersville, Ind committed suicide in
the city calaboose this noon. He came here
last night in company with several other
young men from Connersville to see his
sweetheart and visit the circus. Spencer gut
drunk this morning, and at 10 o'clock was
found asleep on u doorstep and locked up.
In the afternoon his friends went to the may
or, and with promises Of leaving the city at
once secured his release.
About o'clock the officer opened the cell to
let him out, and found him dead and cold
having hanged himself by tying his hand
kerchief around his neck and to one of the
bars Of the CELL not over four feet from the
floor; he then slipped his feet forward and so
hung till strangulation ended his life. He
was formerly dissipated but recently joined
the Blue Ribbon Temperance movement and
had been taking active part, making speeches,
r,ta
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
WAR NOTES.
TUESDAYS BATTLE.
The Russians Successful In Carrying Sew
erai ReSIOuhts, Al.

LoNpos, Sept. 4.-The correspondent of
the Dait, Mems telegraphs long account of
Tuesdays fighting near Plevna. He says
The morning broke with rain, which settled
down into mist, through which objects were
invisible at hundred yards. About 10 a. m.
the fog left somewhat, and at that time the
Grevitza redoubt was still alive, although it's
fire could not be called brisk.
Plevlia road, there were occasional intermit-
tent bursts OF infantry fire. Soon after 10
o'clock there occurred an ominous lull In the
firing; Of this the Turks iauntily took ad-
vantage to come out from behind the parapets
and stroll about the glacis with the utmost
Then the fog came down again, yelling
everything and hiding everything. At II
O'Clock precisely furious musketry fire sud-
denly burst out on our left, from the Russians
passes OF the Lovaa and Plevna road, and
against the redOubt on the summit of an iso-
lated mamelon, southeast of the town OF
Plevna.
The Turks, as far as could be judged from
the sound, seemed to be in q great measure
reserving their fire until the Russians came
to close quarter with them, as everything
WAS invisible at q distance OF twenty yards
though the Russian batteries continued furi-
ously to shell the Turkish positions. About
noon the fog lifted somewhat but soon fell
again. During the interval the cannon in the
Turkish second position could be seen firing
hard In the direction of the hostile m,,sketry
fire. After the fog again fell one thing was
certain from the sound of the firing, that the
infantry reserves were engaged on the Rus
sian sde.
Fighting had tendency to retrograde from
the Turkish front Monday morning further to
the left and nearer to the fighting, Just above
the western edge of the village ,of Radizvoo
exactly along the space held by Prince Scha-
koskop,s staff as the fore post line on the
night of the 30th of July.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
Crazy HOrse's Plot.

OMAHA, Sept 14-The Bee published a
statement to the effect that Gen Crook mar
rowly escaped assassination at the hands of
Crazy Horse during the recent disturbances
at Red Cloud agency. Gen. Crook sent word
that he wished to talk with him, and had
started out with an Indian agent and inter
prefer to see him, when he was overtaken by
a courier who stated that Crazy Horse, in
conversation with his men, said that he in
tended to talk pretty saucy to the General
and in case the General should object he
would kill him. Gen. Crook thereupon relin-
quished the idea of having talk with Crazy
Horse and his plotters Crazy Horses arrest
and death followed
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
A strange Accident.

LOUISVILLE, Sept. 14.-John Shummel, a
young man, aged 10 years, clerk in the great
Atlantic and Pacific tea store, while in con-
versation with a young friend, named Geo.
w. Chapel, this afternoon, had occasion to
open the cash drawer. Some dispute arose
between the young men as to the merits of a
pistol the young clerk had deposited in the
drawer. Young Shummel produced the wea-
pom and cooked it, During the examination
his hand came in contact with the open
drawer discharging the weapon, the ball stri-
king young Chapel over the left eye, inflict-
ing mortal wound.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

LONDON, Sept. IA, 8: 80 q. m.-Various ac-
counts of the fighting around Plevna concur
in showing that up to 1880 last evening the
Turks had repulsed the continued assaults of
the Russians along the whole line The En-
peror had left the field when an aid-de-camp
brought the news that twelve fresh Russian
battalions had carried the citadel, redoubt,
and one other redoubt, and thus gained the
day. The capture of these redoubts changes
the whole face assaults, and dconverts bloody
repulse into and perhaps permanent sue
cess. In any case subsequent attacks must
be slow, for the last reserves were engaged
in the Russian line.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

NRw YORK, Sept. lathe testimony given
yesterday before the coroners inquest upon
the victims Of the Thirty-fifth street fire, by
one at least of Mr.. Hale's principal employees
shows conclusively what culpable negligence
was exhibited in the establishment In the
precautions against fire, although the material
used was all wood and two floors were
crowded Herewith; ono was used in the pre-
paration of glue. There were no extinguishers
in the building, except a few pals of water.
How easy it would have been to replenish
these may be inferred from the testimony of
witness. At the first investigation, he said
no one had been able to get any water from
one of the principal hydrants for two years.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
Arrange mcnts for Hayes Reception.

LOUISVILLE, Sept 14.-The arrangements
for the reception of President Hayes are all
on grand and liberal scale. At the Four
teenth street depot, and also at the Exposi-
ton. raised platforms for the President and
party will be erected, thus aifording every
one an opportunity for seeing them. The
people seem determined to make the affair
most cordial and hospitable and in every
particular honorable 10 the people of Ken
lucky.
There was large attendance at the meet
ing of ex-Confederates at the Masonic Tenn
Pile tonight, to complete their final arrange
ments for the reception of the President.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
A Murder.

BALTIMORE, Sept. 14.-In an alteration
among several persons this afternoon, An
drew Werner, delegate of the Eleventh
Ward City Council ticket yesterday, was
knocked down and brutally kicked about the
head and neck. He died within ten minutes
after being conveyed to the Middle Station.
Thos. Freeze, his alleged assailant, ran of
and was captured, with two other men, named
Mcdonald and Becker, who were concerned in
the quarrel.
Mcdonald is an ex-police officer, and some
two years ago was sentenced to the peniten
tiary for shooting and killing negro named
Brown, but owing to a flaw in the indictment
was released before his time was out.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
Yellow Fever mt New York.

NEW YORK, Sept. 14.-Three cases of yell
low fever are on board the whaling schooner
Chas. Thompson, which halls from Province
town, and is now lying in the bay.
The schooner left Fernandina August 26.
Capt. Leach her commander, died at sea
September of yellow fever; one of the crew
is now sick. The vessel came here in dis
tress. The officers and crew are exhausted
in caring for the sick.
Two passengers by the steamer Niagara,
from Havana, were attacked during the yoy-
age by light form Of yellow fever.
The vessels are now at quarantine.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
5 FIVE

morning. Mr.. Il. NJ Stone, presiding as presi-
dent, and John w. Pope and james f. Hubert,
as secretaries. About one hundred persons
were present. The old officers were re-
elected
circular letter was directed to be sent to
each Congressman in the State by the secre-
tary, asking their influence in favor of grant
ing pensions to the survivors of the war.
committee of ten were appointed to call upon
President Hays and represent the association.
After some minor business being transact
ed, the association adjourned until Septem-
ber, 1878.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

PoTTsTowN, Pa, Sept. 1.-THE attendance
at the third days races to-day of the Driving
Park Association was much greater than on
either of the previous days. The unfinished
"a class race Of yesterday was first called,
and easily won by Colonel, owned by r..
Swane, of Harrisburg, in 33.
In the 25 class race the following started
Little Mary, Baron Luff, Sadie Bell, Black
Frank and Moscow. After very close con-
test Sadie Bell won in three straight heats.
Time, 2:271as.
The three minute class race had twenty-one
entries, but only twelve started. It was won
by Dorff. Best time 2371a.' Megonigal was
second, making the third heat in 3 2s.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

New YORK, Sept. t4.-Flour firmer; State
and Western extras IS 75g6; shipping extras
$6 rs. Wheat firm and higher; No. red
81 80 bid; white State 81 81 for choice un-
Corn dull; No; 2, 571z; steamer 81; ungraded
55@56% for September; steamer 56I bid.
Oats quiet; extra 361s; No. /, 3511s0 36l No.
] white 81; extra do. A. Rye-better demand; !;
and unquotable- Pork steady at S13 25 for
mess. Beef dull. Cut meats in fair demand
at 80184 for picked shoulders; 12l1124 for
do hams. Lard more active at 8.9508.98 for
new and old. Whisky neglected at ST II bid
Cotton firm; Middling Uplands 111l. Flu
lures steady.
ST.. Louis, Sept IL Closing - Wheat,
cash, 81 271a bid, September 81 261a bid, Octo-
Der 8 ~ ~ bid No ? % cash. 81 17 Septem1-
Corn, cash ~, September 41114@42e, October
42, year 3sl11sa1$8744. Oats cash 26, September
254 bid, October 1874. Whisky 81 o.. Pork,
sla 25, September, s12zs@9,. October
shoulders 524, September 81, no bids, Octo-
ber So, September 7ss bid
CINCINNATI, Sept. H.-Provisions steady
Mess pork S12 75013. Lard moderately active
at 811a00s5s for current made and s240s1s for
prime steam. Bulk meats firm and quiet
shoulders held at 6, clear rib III and clear
sides 71a. Hogs active and firm; common
sell at 81 60l94 80, fair to good light $5 156D
5 As, packing S5 1906 30, and select butchers
$ 35@5 As; Rye steady, moderate demand !
steady at 2sD3o for white and 25D27. for
mixed. Corn quiet, demand moderate; mixed
47@48 for. ear and $500 for shelled. Wheat
quiet; red 81 15n1 %, white 81 2501 30 for
Whisky quiet and steady at 81 10.
CHICAGO, Sept H-Wheat closes for Sep
tember at 81 O6h, October 81 001s. Corn
september 432l9, october 4a1f@4sH., Oats
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
Gradual Approaches

LONDON, Sept. H.-It is significant fact
that two experienced military correspondents
of the Times and DAILY, News,. after witness
conclusion, that Plevna must be taken by
gradual approaches.
The Daily Ne,cs' correspondent writing
from Russian headquarters under date Of
Wednesday morning, appears to have been
cesses, for he says the Emperor and Grand
Duke Nicholas were on the field until o'clock
last night.
The Emperor returned to headquarters
here (PoredinJ late last night. The battle
field of the last five days is silent this morn
ing. There is talk OF submitting the Turkish
position to a regular siege and sapping up the
redoubts.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
Charges Against a Government OniciaI

SAN Francisco, Sept. 14.-Charges have
been preferred against United States Survey
or General Rollins and forwarded to Secretary
Schurz by Senator Sargent. The charges are
embezzlement and the corrupt diversion Of
United States money to his own use, the
amount of defalcation being about $4,000.
Senator Sargent telegraphed Secretary
Schurz demanding Collins removal and yes
terday laid the matter before the United States
ATTORNEY
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
Osyaan pasu,a's Army.

LONDON, Sept. IA dispatch from Cor.
stantinople says that Osman Pasha maintains
ten redoubts on the line Of the Notifications ai
Pleyna, as well MS the inner line. He is re-
ported to be stronger. Reassuring advices
say bis Recommendations with Sofia and Orcha.
rina are intact and Turkish losses not great
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15
MONEY AND STOCKS.

NEW York, Sept. 14.-Money closed at ~,
" cent. Exchange closed firm ut 4820o4s301
1857. Gold closed at 1881. Governments closed
dull;. currency 6's 12201122lls. Pacific Rail
road bonds closed as follows: Onion first mort
gage 1o414601oi1s;. do. land grants 10411,01
104Ss !; do. sinking fund, 941s0D942s; Centrals
105la01051a. The stock market was firm dur
ing the afternoon until near the close, when
prices declined 40i5s# cent from best fig
ures, latter in Hannibal and st. Joseph pre-
ferred. The transactions aggregated 175,OOo
shares.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

LONDON, Sept IA dispatch from Bucba-
rest, dated noon to-day, says that since the
capture Of the Grevitza resloubt there has
been only q continued bornbardment of the
town and other positions OF the Turks Prep
arations are being made for another assault.
There are an immense number of wounded
and but few surgeons.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

was 10, 1888. OF these 1879 were males and
1898 females under "A years. 13,476 went to
South America, 1859 to France and 824 to the
United States.
In addition to the foregoing SO, 9,240 persons
left Italy during 1876, who declared their in
tenton to return within twelve months or
this number 3t,994 went to France, 1900 to
Austria, 1900 to Switzerland, 4718 to South
America and 600 to the United States.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

LONDON, Sept. Alt appears from the
Russian official reports that on the day the
Russian left, under Schobeloff, captured three
redeubts defending Plevna on the southeast,
Gen. Rodenof, commanding the right car
ried about the same time, on the right of
Grevitza, one of the keys to the Turkish
position.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-15

before Plevna exceed in number 1000. The
general result Of the Russian succe#s has
been to enable the troops to advance closely
to the Turkish defenses.
The regular troops at Belgrade have begun
to move for Alexinatz, whence they win no
doubt soon advance against the Turks.