Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1877-01-26


f Western butter has been quoted higher in
New York than that OF Eastern make.
Good butter making requires skill-skill
wins. If our Western farmers with their
poor qualities of grass and in a new coun-
try are out-doing US of the East, in butter
making. if skill will take the poor butter
from the cities and convert it into fair
article, does it not behoove the farmers Of
the East with good sweet farming lands to
acquire the skill that will give US a superb
or article?
There is a large amount OF fertilizing
matter in cheese which oes from the farm
never to return, while in butter there is but
little fertilizing element. ln this respect
1t IS much better for the farmer to sell butter
than cheese.
Col. Mead believed that the coloring of
butter by carrots was superior to any other
coloring process. He had never found that
coloring by this method injured the keep
ing qualities of butter. lie preferred not
to color at all. but did SO simply to accomo-
date the market.
Mr.. l.. b. Hibbard had used carrots for
coloring but found that the butter did not
keep as well in warm weather when colored
in this way. The flavor deteriorated. He
liked good rich-colored butter and
thought that the look a. well az the taste
had something TO do with the satisfaction
produced from its use.
Mr.. Tinkham corrob0rated Col. Meads
views. lie did not believe in coloring at
all. lie thought the coloring matter
was used more to deceive than for any other
purpose, to make the butter appear better
article than it really was.
One ''old fogy farmer" As ne called
himself. said be bad raised large quantity
1 nj md II hal,. AZ.
the best way to color butter was to feed the
carrots to the COWS and let them do the
colorng.
| REPORT ON CNuRSs.
The committee on churning reported.
through Mr.. Weeks, their chairman, the
following results:
20 lbs. Of thick cream were pu. into the
oseillating churn, heated to 66 churned
l2 minutes and gave Is lbs. of butter.
IL lbs. of the same cream were put into
the Blanchard churn, heated to Is churn-
ed 1t minutes and gave l2l lbs. OF butter.
The relative amount of butter to cream was
the same in both instances.
The meeting then adjourned to the e7en-
ing.
The paper of the evening was by Prof.
Leander Wetherell, agricultural editor of
the American CultiUatOr. on Agricultural
Colleges and Experiment Stations.
PROF. WATERFALLS PAPER.
lie commenced by laying down a number
OF abstract propositions relating to the
principles underlying the investiy alton of
natural laws, which are in fact Natures
processes, or modes or working.
The true method of experiment consists
in removing. one at time, the conditions
which may be supposed TO affect the result.
These conditions must be noted and observ-
cd. The number of experimental stations
established in Europe has steadily increased
till in 1875, there were eighty. Great Brit
ain has no such station, sO-called. but Sc
cures all the benefit of such stations from
the experimental farms aud laboratories of
DR.. Laws and Mr.. Gilbert. The sources OF
support of these stations are various. Some
have governmental aid, drawing also some
revenue from analyses. testing of soils.
etc. They cost to run, from $3.50 to S., 900
a year in gold. The best endowed
establishment Of the kind is that of Roth
hampstead, England. on the farm of Mr.
.. B. Laws, with a laboratory maintained
at a cost Of SIS, 900 year, endowed by Mr..
Laws with a perpetual fund for the benefit
a large working force. Over 100 chemists
are thus employed in Germany. The Halle
station has an equipment costing So 500,
given by an agricultural society, and the
Vermont State Agricultural SJciety NAV
well copy the example. Some are located
on farms. The tendency, however, is to To-
| cate them in connection with large univer-
sites having highly skilled professors. E1-
periments may be conducted In connection
with number of private farms, the plans
being arranged and the results collated at
| the station. This is the method in Connec-
tcut under the direction of Prof. Atwater
aud, said the speaker, consider it far
superior arrangement to that Of single
experimental farm.
! OfAqricultural aud industrial colleges
| there are now SO in this country with three
schools of metallurgy and mining. All the
States but Nevada have such colleges. There
are in these 463 professors and 7O3 stu
dents. Their graduates number ,524. Their
graduates, it has been said, do not rs a rule
| become farmers. But such class OF
| educated meD, scattered through the
country. must have its t feet on the pursuits
they are intended to aid. These colleges
are doing good work. They are generally
in the condition of yours, here in Vermont,
whose President. in recent report says the
next step in advance is to secure q skilled
and able professor of Agriculture. But
where are these men TO Eli such professor
ships to be found? They are now hard to be
found but these colleges in time will
supply such men. Perhaps we have too
MANY colleges Fewer And better equipped,
would be better. Some of them have farms
connected with them-as the Massachusetts
college, which has told US how much q
growing squash will lift. but nothing
about how to raise squa,hes. The agricul-
tufal colleges. with all their Deficiencies.
are move in the right direction. Our
farmers should E0t look askancs ut them,
but give them cooperation and support.
The great difficulty with the college farms
is that they differ widely from the
average farm and tina; students going from
them are mised into applying the
methods suitable on them to very different
soils. Il hail." said Professor W.. ''all
these facilities; and of the farmers who
sneer at them. | say with Li,big, We have
| not Tar to look tor the source OF thus con-
dcmnng of knowledge" Connecticut
has saved the farmers ot that State many
thousand dollars by exposing the worth
| lessness Of MANY fertilizers, and the value
! of these fertilizers has increased fifty per
cent in that State in consequence OF these
| analyses | understand that the Professor OF
| Chemistry in your Vermont University has
! done much similar service. Farmers should
he educated, as the Professional men are.
They should occupy higher positIon al
4 Glass. They should have Confidence IN
their business. Statistics OF bankruptcy show
hat not five per cent of the men who take
the bankrupt act are farmers No class are
80 independent and no calling has more
promise of the lite that now il or gives
better opportunity for the building up o.
| personal character, for this lite and the life
| to come, which is the chiet Ohjec; OF our
mortal existence.
Tho discussion followed.
DISCUSSION
Mr.. Tipkham. Of North pJmiret. had
noticed that the praises of farming came
| from others than farmers. Farmers know
tha. their life is one of unremittlng toll
and is not 50 altogether beatic ~ 1t Is
| cracked up to be. They have fewer tempta-
tions t. extravaganza, and if men OF other
| trades ard professions would exercise the
same economy and work g. IndastrIdugly.
there would he Il good deal smaller per-
centago of failures in them.
Rev. l. b. Hbbard. Of the Vermont
| Farmer thought no farmer should decry his
| calling He had studied theology Tor i've
| wears, and found more pleasure IN teaching
a calf to drink than in all his study. lie
| loved the smell of the Earth and to see the
! crops grow. Farming was To him q delight
;rl occupation The trouble with farmers
| Is that they are too eager Tor Immediate
| results
Mr. Tinkham protested that be had no
thought Of dccryin farming. lie loved the
country, but could not take tho rOse-cOlored
view oi the iarmer's lie that sumo others
did.
Mr. Stone, Ut WestIord. thought the
farmers occupation the most important of
all, Tor it supports all, anu he WAS proud to
| be farmer.
Mr.. Williams, of Connecticut. know OF
many men who, having made fortunes IN
| other business return and take up farming
and are succe~inl farmers. We should use
our heads more and then the work Of our