davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Singing at the Franklin school.

The rehearsal of the Franklin singing school
yesterday, was well attended. A solo, Rocked in
the Cradle Of the Deep" was rendered by Geo W.
Rawlings In most Crcditable manner. Misses
Della and Sallie DOmcr held the audience cL-
trHuCcd 10y one OF their most beautiful duets, DO
You ECmCmbeT," The many chnrussCS sung by
the school showed that the scholars were In per
feet training, and well able 10 sustain their several
parts
There will be another public rehearsal in three
weeks, aud more extensive programme will be
DIChgutyl,
National Republican., 1877-10-26

A fnc opportunity will be offered on satur-
day. October a, at twelve O'Clock at the auction
rl1uiz Of Thoma, DJwlng Sdr office building, to
plTckase ono Of tho most elegant private teams In
Wellington. comprising Paris made landau II
kanlslHo aud seTyiCeAblc puir Of hUnos aud an
sls,rInt double sgt Of heavily mounted harness.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
CIRCUIT CoURT-CHIEF JUsrIcE cARTrER.

4s, Hunton vs.. Tayler; lot, Keilholtz 4 Hanisyiss
vs.. Nilcy 4 Campbell 16i, Barth vs. Gettngs, gar.
nishee; id6, Davis VS. fedrick 4 Bentef; 1877,
United States, use of Reed et al. VS. Thomas ct al .
III, Mayer VS. Beveridgei 17s, Msltus VS., Schwar
L,enberg; Isl, Rest vs.. Kinslnger: ls3, sutton VS.
Wilson; lsb Hotel vs.. keefe 4 ONeil; lS7, Gibbs
Rothwell Richards; 1872, Hill, trustee. VS.. Todd ;
im, Holmes vs.. Vanderberg; lei, Plume ct al VS..
Hooper.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Real Estate Transfers.

Samuel II. Wimsatt to J. C.. Rumsey, for
SOOo, lot 49, square GA. Charles r. Fields to
Richard +. Jackson. for $500 lot on Congress and
Jefferson streets, Georgetown. Edward Clark,
trustee, 70 Samuel Freds for $500 lots i3 Il and
l5 square 911. Francis Wheatley to VIM. Parker,
for s7OO lot lS2, In Bcalls addition to Georgetown.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
LOCAL MISCELLANY.

ONE visit to Dr. Hartley insures instant relief fol
catarrh. No cxorbitant fees in advance. Resi-
dence removed to sA New York avenue.
Leit-of clothing watches, pistols, &c, bought a
Herzogs. 9l5 street. Orders attended 10.
All kinds Of trunks made 70 order repaired and
covered al Murrays. sos Pennsylvania avenue
Market Space
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Five Dollars Worth of Experience.

Yesterday Representative 7. b. Reed found
him elf in need of postage stamps, and to supply
the deficiency hc sent out what he supposed to be
q page with s. to procure them for him, hut he un-
expcctcdly found himself minus stamps dollars,
aud boy lie applied To the chief DOOrkeeper, but
that worthy could not give him any Information
upon the subject aud iEsucd an order prob biting
all old pages from entering upon the iO1r of the
House,
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Gents Furnishings.

What is better than nicely fitting shirtS
McsSrs n, Thompson 4 Co., No, lOI2 + street
northwest. arc prepared 10 receive orders for the
bet httlUg shirts IN the market They have
also on hand complete stock uf the latest styles of
scars, necktes rnllNrS &C. Their stock pf hosiery
underwear, Nc, Is unsurpassed Ready made
shirts u specially.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Opening Bids for Street Work.
..'.s
not yet been awarded.
The Broken Sewer In Georgetown.

The large break in the sewer east of Market
space. Georgetown, is being pushed rapidly to COM
rlction. Lieut. r, L. HoSie, engineer of the Dis
trict, and Supervisor r. II. Shekell have made n
thorough examination by passing through the
sewer themselves, aud ali necessary orders have
material Sc. needed; and in no way is the mar kvt
house endangered, or any adjoining property. They
mc nt present laying bottom TO prevent any future
accident.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
THE LEGAL LADDER.
FROM THE POLICE COURT TO THE
SUPREME BENCH.

The Mills Of Justice Grindlng-The Gicnwood
Cemetery LotHoiders Struggling for the
Possession of the Grounds District Cases
In the Criminal Court Judge Smell Explains
Why Appealed Cases are Dlsmisscd-A
Batch Of New Suits Entered-Items Collect
ell at the City Hall.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Tho Corcoran Fire Insurance Company.

IHV VVTVUT"H TTTU II9HT HHTv NVHIWNy ms
tho reputation Of being one of the sDundest iust-
tutiunS Of the country and NJ It is District insu
tntlun II should be- patTuniZCd by bIsIlCt people.
Que Df the h, guarantees Of its safety Is the stand
ing OF the gentlemen who manage IL. he cash
capital Of the company is "ne Il lN'IGO. The Office
h Il No. lt5D Pennsylvania avenue.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Real Estate Sales.

action yesterday afternoon for VIM. +. Mattingly
al, trustees parts Of lots 4, g. 9, 7, g. and o. sub
vision square 302, improved by four twU,story
anne dwellings, on Twelfth street, between W and
Oundary streets, TO 3. Il. Austin, al o., 900 each
National Republican., 1877-10-26
CRIMINAL couRr-JusrIcr MACARTHUR.

Charles alias Henry Davis John Wesley. Frank
Jordan and George Carr alias Carter, petit larceny,
second oficnse: Julia Johnson, John 4. Williams,
Joseph Bcall alias Richard Norris Paul wilmer,
Max wilmer and sandy Bruce, petit larceny.
National Republican., 1877-10-26

Several Cases of Knox's New York Dress Hat
Just opened. Price reduced from q to Sc
STISEMErz, 1897 Pennsylvania avenue
National Republican., 1877-10-26
NATIONAL REPUBLICAN, MORNING OCTOBER

50, Clus va. District Of Columbia; 70, Burton VS.
Barbour; II, United States rel McManus W. Moore;
Secretary OF War; %, FAINT vs. fendull IS, Ilorey
w. Mcdonald.
National Republican., 1877-10-26

Go To ROMAN & Cox's. 5O7 Seventh street. for the
6ucst clothing in the city ut the lowest prices, fol
cash only.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Court Calendars for To-Day.

SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT.
81, b. & =. Il. X. Co. VS.. Gallaher 62, Cherry
VS. Marsh 81. Downing VS.. District Of Columbia !
National Republican., 1877-10-26
CITY ITEMS.
WELLS ORIGINAL MAcHINESrREAD STRENGTHEN.
mo pIAsTERR

WELLS ORIGINAL MACHISEsPREAD STRENGTHEN.
ING PLAsTERs
The oldest and the best. All who have used
them attest their merit Sold by druggists Twenty,
twenty-five and thirty cents, according to size.
YousG people, pay attention to your teeth. Clean
them daily with 1hurstOn's Ivory Pearl Tooth Pow
der the best dentifrice known. 1t will preserve
their whicness through lifc prevent decay and
toothachc. Much pain and trouble Is caused by
early neglect, therefore take heed in time Price,
25 and 10 cents per bottle.
THoMrsoN's PoMADE 0PTINE.
An oleaginOus compound of singular merit for
dressing the hair Its ufe soon renders harsh, dry
hair soft and pliable, strengthens It when weak
and gives II that rich gloss which is the charm Of
early youth. Price, 25 and 30 cents per bottle.
CLEANsE the system aud purify the blood, remoy-
ing dyspepsia. sick headache constipation, and all
diseases caused by disOrdered stomach or liver.
Qulrks Irish Tea will do It, sold by all druggists.
Price, % cents per package,
JouvES's ISoDERous KID GLOVE CLEANSER.
Renovates soiled gloves thoroughly and quickly
Price, % cents per bottle.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
Amuscments Tonight.


NATIONAL TnEATRE--Clara Morris-Miss Mutton.
OPERA HousE-Miss observation-disclosures.
THEATRE CoNIouE-Two troupcs-Varictics.
CIRCUS Lor, NINTH AND srREErs-Barnums
Great Show,
National Republican., 1877-10-26

A. sAKs 4 Co.. $40 Seventh street.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
OUR OYSTER BUSINESS

will lie conductei on larger scale than ever. Having
established our agents In reach Of every FIRST
CLASS BRAND OF OYSTERS represented In th9
American waters will be enabled to serve the best
u al the briny deep csn produce.
=, Having every facility and Ia THOROUGH KNowI-
compete with any first class house IN America In
quail y ard prices ALL WE ASK Is liberal patron
age, and we will please the most fastidious.
National Republican., 1877-10-26
SUITS ENTERED.

Fqghy SidC.-John f. FGrnSwurth w. O. l.. Lowell
ct al; to restrain sale The Gcnwood Cemetery vs.
j. H. Close ct al: to set aside conveyance &c. Jas
Jones vs., c. II. MUultOn; appointment OF trustees.
LHh Shis.--Willidm Dixon vs.. Lorng Chapel ;
on note. Miller y Wager VS.. NJ Thompson: on
appeal. Ellen Gettier rs. j. l. WlmSltt IN rcplCv
IN, Grnnguard & Schneider VS., ". +, George; on
appeal.
h, AdBirdIitV-E. II. Terrill, master Of schooner
Nellie II. Bcndich, vs.. @. T. Dunlap 4 Co; in u
Lnn.r q of rnnlTAct.
National Republican., 1877-10-26

WE AHE pfeTIHfeu 70 HINKe HTstc1uss SuIB 70 order
at prices below those prevailing for goods Of this
class. The attention of gentlemen desiring strictly
first class articles is invited to the facilities and
stn -, tati
National Republican., 1877-10-26

Means vs. Hoover, pro COnfrssO; Cottrcll vs. Bur
gCss pro cunirs,u u, against Warner. Slater, White
head, Talimadgc, Windsor, aud Ford, and against
Doe and Smith, Nadine vs.. Clark, pro cunfessO re-
sCndcd; rUle vs.. Reed and Harris, motion 10 set
aside decree Overrulci; PiCkrell vs, l'ckrCl ruti-
hCuliOn OF Commissioners report Professionally
Bnudin ". Buuidn reference for taking tcStim0-
ny; Rt,ur Vs. Butler reference for taking testimO-
ny; Adams vs. lOIhwell ct al. retaining order
vacated. sale now u be made; Patterson " French
oider iur payment OF money. Adjourned I'LL ten
a m TODAY
National Republican., 1877-10-26

stock h eur tailoring department
National Republican., 1877-11-29

In which their respective States were inter-
estcd, and then, after their advice" was given,
submit them 10 the Senate for Its consent, ~ a
body BY this plan, any wrong or injustice
could be corrected, and the President would
be free 10 act, after seeking the 1sdvico' Of the
proper Senators, as he saw ft-and the Con
sent Of the Senate" would be the decision Of
the court Of last resort"
The timc-honorcd custom, which has boon
followed by Presidents for nearly century,
with few exceptions, of comforting with Sena-
tors from the State In which leading appoint
ments were TO be made, was simply giving
effect to the specific power which was centered
In the Senate by direct constitutional decla-
ration.
The President, rs matter Of course, can
know very little about individuals In the diff
ferent States. The nation Is too extended for
any one man 10 acquire critical or fair knowl-
edge Of the fitness or character Of aspirants for
office In all the States Of the Ulion. Naturally
and fairly the best authorities to consult are
the Senators who specially represent the SOW
eral States in the United States Senate,
The President Is not bound, Il is true, TO fol-
low their advice" but his nominations must
fall unless their consent" Is given, In all cases.
For two general reasons, therefore, tho ground
taken by tho Executive Is untenable; first, be-
cause of the express declaration Of the Consti-
tuition and, second, for the reason that Gus
tom. which, In this respect, runs back to Wash
ington's time, has almost invariably been 10
seek the advice" of Senators in regard to ap-
p1intments In the various States. The Presi-
dent can safely seek their advice, because Sem
ators are rs deeply interested rs he IN In secur-
ing the appointment Of mon acceptable to the
States they represent.
National Republican., 1877-11-29
DIED.

CUNNINGHAM the 18th, JoitS MICHAEL.
Only Of Michael ana Mary T. Cunningham
Wills funeral will take place 10 day at y. IN, from
his parents residence, No. EsI Seventh street " W.
ONEAIH-ln Georgetown, H. g.. at $50 o'clock, No
venber - ALIir, third son OF William g. and Jose
phiue O'Nenl, Oi scaIl Il fever.
Funeral this CfhurdayD afternoon, at o'clock. Rela.
tive, and friends nrc respectfully invited to attend at
% Third street,
GlVAuDAS.-AtI o clock A. M. on the 18th Inst.
ASToiSE CHARLES GtvAuDAs, aged foriy Ave years.
Notice Of funeral thereafter.
BONTZ.-On Tuesday evening November q, 1877,
ut $50 D. m DAISY IsTELLE, infant daughter OF Win.
field ;. aul Moie /. Bontz, aged six months and
tweity-lOur days
Pun, raj will take place from the residence Of Mr..
John BOntL No. i5s Massachusetts avenue northwest
this afternoon, at : o'clock p. m. Relatives and
irieuds are respectfully invited to attend.
COi.BERr,-November q. 1877, MAMIE, beloved
daughter OF Richard and Mary l.. Colbert, aged two
years Two M 1nths and ten days.
Funeral to-day, at O'clock from her grnndmoth.
er's residence Mis- Jane X. Brent, In rear Of i7l0
street.
DOUF.-At J90 o'clock p. M. on tho 9Th of Noyem
ber, 1871, at the residence of Mrs II. f. May nader
~ Nineteenth street, MARIA DoUY, nn old and faith
ful servant.
National Republican., 1877-11-29
THE PR ESD ENT.
why Republican senators are his Safest and
Most Proper Advisers.

Why Republican senators are his Safest and
Most Proper Advisers.
From the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser Of Nov sr.l
The serious interruption of pacific relations
which now exists between the President and
Republican members Of the Senate is such as
to cause consideate party men to regret ex-
cecdingly that such is the fact. The question
Vi appointments South as well as North and
the course the Executive should, under the
Constitution, pursue in his relations TO the
Senate are the main issues at stake. In Sec
ti0n 2, article 2, is found the power under
which the President can make appointments,
aud reads ~ follows:
lie shall nominate, and by and with the ad-
vice aud consent OF the Senate, shall appoint am
bassadors, other public ministers and cOnsuls.
judges Of the supreme Court aud all other officers
of the United States whose appointments are not
herein Otherwise provided for, and which shall be
established by law.
This is the constitutional provision which
empowers the President to act and those who
have carefully studied the same will find 1t
difficult to agree with President Hayes In his
reported opinion that Senators were mere
judges and that the Constitution, in his judg-
msnt, did not contemplate giving that body any
special right to insist on the advice" which
must necessarily form part of nominating
candidate for oIhcC, and to which the Constitu-
tiOn directly relera.
The plain and obvious meaning of this pro-
vision cannot we'll be mistaken. To an Ordi.
nary mind the wording of the Constitution is
unambiguous and positive: "lie shall nominate
and by aud wifi the advice and consent of the
| Senate appoint" are surely words the clear
force of which is that the Senate shares with
the Presdcnt in the responsibility Of making
| appOin tments.. 1t either means this or II has
no meaning al all-and the word "adyice" is
entirely superauous In the connection in
which II is used. Advice is one thing, consent
| Is quite another: ard unless two distinct ideas
are conveyed In the use Of these words, there
| is strong Inconsistency in the order and con-
nection In which they appear.
The very construction leads 10 the belief that
when this authority was incorporated into the
Constitution, 1t was clearly designed that Sena-
tors should DO consulted about appointments
National Republican., 1877-11-29
oil Put.

The New York Graphic says: Many papers
are terribly alarmed lest silver is about to be-
come 50 plenty that 1t will not be worth any
thing. The amount Of silver mined annually
Is represented ~ enormous" Let us go to
the figures There is we will say, in round
numbers, $G,O00, 100000 worth of silver In
the world; OF this s., 500, 100000 worth--or
nearly hslf-is in money. Tho annual pro-
duet OF silver 70: thu last twenty eight years,
las been only about S6O,0J0,0O0 a year. This
is Just one per cent OF the total amount on
hnnd-and this can scarcely be thought too
much TO keep pace with the increase OF popu-
ation in tho world and to offset tho constant
wear and loss. New look at gold The total
amount In the world is no. lar from S4,OOO,-
0DG,0)O worth-twO. thirds as much ~ the sill
yer in value. But during the last twenty
eight years the vast sum of Si2OOOO,OOO worth
has beeu added to 1t annually, or three per
cent of the whole notwithstanding 1t in
thirty three years! This shows that gold in-
cfeaSCs ,horc than twice a. fast as silver, and
thai it is silver not gold, that Is the ConsUrva-
tive metal ansl gold, not silver that is fever
ish, c4priciOus, aud untrustwOrihy.
National Republican., 1877-11-29
Thanksgiving.

In conformity with the proclamation of
the Chief Magistrate of the nation, and it
being in accord with our own sense Of duty
To those who are connected with the conduct
of THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN, wo shall
observe to-day rs u season of rest and
thanksgiving, and hence no paper will be
issued from this office tomorrow. Without
u suspension of its publication it will not
he possible for editors compositions, press
men, &c, connected with THE REPUBLICAN,
to pay proper respect to the proclaimed
wish and will Of the Executive that all the
people shall observe the day by abstainng
from its ordinary business pursuits and in
rendering thanks to Almighty God for His
manifold blessings and mercies during the
pas year.
II is fitting that the people of the United
States shall avail themselves of this occasion
to make proper acknowledgment for the
national blessings that have fallen in their
pathway during the year. We have been on
terms OF amity with all the nations of the
earth. No speck of war has shown itself to
menace our peace outside our own limits.
National Republican., 1877-11-29

True, we have had difficulties with the Indian
tribes, who have defed tho authority Of the
Government, and somo suffering has been on
dured and lives have been lost in conse-
quence; but that trouble seems 10 have
come TO an end. Hard times have bcset all
branches Of business and while there may
be nothing in this TO challenge our graft
tude, there is much TO admonish of our own
follies, the fruit of which we are reaping
largely, and should partako without muir
murings. In the midst of all this we are
reminded Of the muni6ccnce of the Creator,
who has caused the toll Of the husbandman
to be richly rewarded by abundant crops,
which are equal to the necessities of our
own peoplc-with an excess for tho feeding
Of other nations The fruits of the earth on
this continent were never more abundant,
and this people never had greater cause for
gratitude TO the Ruler of the universe for
the measure of His kindness in providing for
tho natural wants Of man than during the
current year. The pestilcnco that "walketh
in darkness and wasteth at noon day" has
been turned aside by u kind Providence and
has not afflicted this Republic. The "iirc
ficnd has not held high carnival and laid
in waste populous citicS above the Usual
measure of its devastation.
Thus has beneiccnt God presided over
our dcstinics, preserved us from calamity,
either by fire, pcstilencc, or famine; given us
an abu 1dance from the Storc-housc of His
bounty, secured us heritages in the midst of
civilization, education, and religion, pros
pcred our laudablc efforts, ard in spite of
our national and individual blunderS and
lolies brought us through another year in
the full enjoyment of "life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness" and IL becomes us
now to render unto our Maker tribute of
praise and thanksgiving that He has helped
US so abundantly in "thc basket and store"
and preserved the nation in its unity and
integrity in spite of the wickcdness and re-
crcancy of man.
This IL the first Thanksgiving season it
has been our privilege TO spend with the
NATIONAL REruBIICAN, and we have cause
for profound gratitude that its prospects
and hopes are 20 bright for the future. Sue
ccss, beyond our fondcst anticipations have
thus iiir attended our efforts BY the aid OF
faithful assistants in each department of the
business we have cndeayorcd to render the
REPUBLICAN not only useful and interest
ing visitor to the family, but comfort to
those who sympathiHe with its principles
and interests. The NATIONAL REPUBLICAN
gives thanks to Con and to this people for
its nrOspcrity
National Republican., 1877-11-29
PERSONAL.

THASHsGIvIEG DAY.-Oh, give thanks unto
the God of heaven, for his mercy endurcth for
ever.-Ps. cxxXvi. 2G.
THE first Thanksgiving proclamation [by
Washington was on January |, l7J5.
OAKEy HALL was rather talne.-BOsioa
Post.
LorTA is playing successfully through New
York.
WHITTIER reaches his SEVENTEEN year next
month.
SARA JEwErr, actrcss writes poetry. "rhey
all Jewett."
IT is the thing in society now to talk
"Kemmics."
THE Oates English Opera Company are trav-
cling in tho West.
The rose of distance lends cnchapt-
mcmt to the view.
A YOUNG MAN shouldn't stroke his mus.
tache when its down.
PRoF. l.. S. MORSE, the naturalist is on his
way home from Japan.
THE late Il. l.. Davenport's SON. Henry, is
pronounced "born actor"
Iowa puff of a new pump: ut works like Il
tramp's jaw on u batter cake"
PATrERsoNs virtuous indignation in the
Senate is the biggest thing out.
GES. A. II. TERRY and Col. D. W. Smith, of
his staff haye reached the city.
THREE THOUSAND American girls are now
making cigars in New York city
An Ohio man recently committed suicide SO
as to avoid nomination for office,
ATTORNEY GENERAL CONNER, of South
Carolina, will resign in few days.
Rev. JAMES MEMO, priest of the lledemptor.
ist order diod at Leicester College, Md on the
9th instant, Of typhus foyer. He was born at
National Republican., 1877-11-29
"Bnrs'' of silver and Bonds.

The following proposition from a bust
ness house IN New York to- Secretary SHER-
MAN explains itself:
NEW YORK, Nov. 90 1877.
Hon John Sherman, SecrcidIp Qf The TredsHry:
DEAR SIR: We will purchase 100000 to
$150,O0O United States four por cent. bonds.
principal and interest payable in silver dol.
lars of 4l2A grains each, standard fneness, of
the United States at par. To pay for the
same we will deposit in the United States
Assay Office here an amount of silver which
will produce the sum required to be paid in
said silver dollars at par.
Please answer by return of mail If you ac
cept. Respectfully yours,
JAMES b. COLGATE & Co.
This proposition has excited the money
centre" (which takes early occasion to in
form the public through the World-its pc
culiar mouth-piece-tha the Treasury has
no power to accept 1t would, to say the
least, be in good taste if the World would
permit the Secretary of the Treasury to
make his own answer to this proposition.
We hope to see the day when the power of
Wall street to name terms to the Treasury
will cease
National Republican., 1877-11-29
. The Cancellation Policy in south Carolina.

The Cancellation Policy In South Carolina.
The following G,rts will go far 10 show
some Of the results of the conciliation policy,
especially in lIamptoy's State:
"Thc Legislature assembled at Columbia on
Tuesday last. When the last session I'D
iourned In April there were 10 Republicans,
16 Democrats and 1 independent To-day the
designations Of 10 Republican Senators, in
Guiding that Of S:nalls president pro fen.,
were announced. In the interim 4 Senators
have been elected, all Democrats, leaving o
vacancies. The course of politics In the fu-
ture may be predicted with certainty In vicw
of the following facts: Richland County has
elected Democrat to I'LL one of the vacancies
that Of Post, who was Republican eleotor.
Last year the county gave l,TOO Republican
majority. At the special election last month,
Kensler Democrat received 1909 votes,
out of total vote polled of 1904. Not n
Republican vote was polcd. }. Is. Campbell,
Of Charleston, Democrat, succeeds u Rcpub-
lican The vote cast was ,DSl, all but 10 be-
ing for Campbell. Last year, for President,
Hayes had G.bOO majority. whittcmorc Ire
publiclnD is succeeded by Coker, (Dcmocrat.D
His vote was 2,OOi, with IA scattering. Whit
temorc had 1900 majority when lie was
elected.
Tho House. which assembled in 1876 with
80 undisputcd Republican, mcmhcs, to-day
has 81 These changes have been produced
partly by designations inspired by fear or de-
spondcnCy, and partly by arbitrary cNpulsions,
as in the cuso Ot the II members of the House
from Charleston. Nevertheless the Democrats
are MT happy. Hampton, backed by Con-
scrvatiyc delegation from Charleston, hopes to
control the Legislature Bat EdSciield and
the up-c0uutry nr" intent upon u rractionary
programme, Including the wholesale rcpudia.
tion of tho public debt. Hamp!ons message
strongly advocates the payment of every valid
Obligation"