, 1877-02-28
THE TELEPHONE.
Lecture BY Prof. Elisha Gray at No
Cormick Hnll.
A Large md Delighted Audtence..-spenk
Ing by o Wire.

Large md Delighted Audteuce..-Spenk.
| Ing by Wire.
The Eco people who went 10 Mccormick 11al1 Inst
eyening 10 hear E,tsha Gray lcctnre about the TeI-
cphonc wero not only amused but instructed. since
there was almost IN entire abtence Of technical
terms In the ''rroftseor't" language, and ey.
esyhody in tho audience could comprehend What
hp talked nl,nnt. On the pintforua was a m,cclta.
ncoua assortment Of telcRraphtc machinery. which
! was iiaed to !1luatratn hs subject. Conspicuous
IN the centre was tho Telephone sixteen large and
small boses. connected together by wires attached
10 mngnrt. In the eentrc OF the auditorium, kept
| IN position by wire running from one gallery to
tha othcs. WINS violin. with mAguet fastened to
Tho sonndinR.tloasi.
| The lcctufet was introduced ly Judge Caion and
after returning thankn for ha reception, whtch was
very Cordial fad hls subject was thu force called
Electricity" Fifty years ago II wns looked
upon - something TINT could be used only 10 grnii
~ IN Idle curiosity. euch aa producing conyuls'onA
in frogs legs or twitch1ng tho muscics Of that
more eTolScd animal. man. It was ptt to no use
] fu purpose, perhaps, except during thunder.
Storm 10 latfmttlate bsd boys. Hat since TINT
time 1t had risen until to-day It whs the peer, II
not tho queen, Of thu forces OF Nature. Then Il
| WAS terror 10 tho eck aud Afflicted; now It was
| considered blessing and m Important aid In Tho
| art Of healing. Then It wan . heRgur,
| knocking At the door Of Congress
for go, 900 10 dcmoustrate it, usefulness to
kind. Now, $10o. 600. 600 could not purchase the
lntcresss that It Ind directly or Indirectly dc.
| velopcd. Then tho merchant did not know the
| price u produce outside of hts town or county.
Now he had the markets OF the world At Ills door
every hatf.honr. II would consume too much ti,ne
and tire the patience Of all to trace the progress Of
electrical science. Its present state Of develop.
mens was not due 10 any one man. but 10 great
many Investigators. all Ut whom. lad forged LUX
III the chain; some Of more md nlhers Of less
! value. Their headaches, nnd nenrteachcf, aud
midnight oil, an, hs might ray, the use Of thcIr
pocketbooks, had eliminated In the grand
#yatsm Of Iron nervea that ran over ths
faee Of the globe, and enabled To hourly feet ths
puisaftons Of the great heart Of tho world:
been ii the past especially in IL Development Of
electric telceT0phy. It attll from time 10 Tins
brought to The 4ntface some new wonder, 10 mas
ttiIoautt,n. Much lime had been required 10 train
tsae o"s I'D =. f. H..
ts; ths glHn9 Y y a. yoIna,s '. Or g1sh|'tS Gf tent
hesfi. Tho transmission Of sound to : distance
was due I" ucouetlcs and electricity. ltseemed to
l'o anlvrr.a1 law ihn::everythlns was carried ty
fetm va: sound. There wss motion ve ssw III
@ hnnd Ss soua HIT ns made NJ M to "sra,s sxce twenty @
thirty Tines .scond: We soa'd hear .ng,lral !.,
| tbnt4 sound was 6Qa1Uie fb0tIoh+ -ANHlnH flArA-
konnd. an!l they could be Increased to ~, 0D0u
recona. when the sound faded out Motlon still
sIts'e.i: pefhaps % 1t became electricity. by anil
's 1is thsn ailadsd briefly to the propagation Of
ssss * e:Ss . @ % r r.; .sess !. S
ordinarily a. the tate Of J. 100 feet yecond. oms
tones wsnt M At higher rnte. sna othess At lower
not he measured. 4. soon i Vibration commenced
Il Milwaukee o. New York the sound va heard il
TS:,s ~ I ;Ss k!ai, Il :.ssa, M np'se 70 sea , ma.:
iliit' ilcity, a. ~ init from The % siss"t. p''S The
soaSht a1t Y x1IR, aas ps,9s
sttusted When ths rate % va: isctsa'sl tSa t nsto
ins two tun'aY. forks. one representing High and
N 9'nst lw nes Or H. 70 @
ps..ias y q sissttisit!, !'r asked wast u va.,
Evetyshins i tne hsayeas MI could nst 5t y;
sOose al t!s 1ts day to isptl my OF The pfcyaIl-
ss: xIta .ettssass 70 4 h tslfnx What i VI;
snoaxh whcn We discovered Ill 1he facts rssaeang %
H. aetnn and ~ uses. 0ns Of its nest Important
| telssraphng Wesc based. II was produced BY
soft ir5n bsf; and singular fact VA thas tic tar
moved. the particles b.eonng polasizcl aud turn
asd pnt tel2 II ri. Il: il is
hnt stopptd there, They hrard noise. ans found
pat thv reason foE lt-that sle bar actually
isss :. my sth:r sudasa aa'st .nosioa would. Would
Tho SANS prlneiple was applied In The telephone,
siF'i u s e as sa:Hss aassss e
rhs Pfosts.or then explained tbs construction
senavs.- .-whlch havc heretofore brcn deacrlbcl 1t
!sasth IN THE flltRrS6. An operator On ti,s plat
ioe.tea aud paa,tes q slaris n aISd,es ste wtfe
pla1ea nn he telephone ard s,olaa. n,nsh to ths
os e IL y
quvstra to play '.!lold lie Fort" Ward wns seut
Bin. but hs ald POT ss.Ipnl; sad voice ct,sd
coat.natn!, !ha itstaier .sIa th.t nut only .tn,.
GasoS.iy "srs lie saae Wire This iauitiriieI It.
X: 'Es:::;: : .:s; IL: i:
s.as yiIistioa.. aad Ills !esciss!: ixaotl"x III
ssS .sa. eSs @ ~:1 ~. sapa sa
bis othelng thrown Into motion, aud lIad rats vi
u a .imilar ia*,ta.aent !ThIs, was Illustrated
5sxns IT, ,.eoG snoSs, nss eSE
| Vibrating NEtluut bstn2 touched, IN account Of
| tho ar:fun of tho aiF wases upon II. The ope-
ratuFs In Milwaukee sent fDnf fumes uyeE the saiAe
wiro. and each GUILD bs hsar clearly by tllUse uear
the platform. athonYh AZ were nouuded at lhu
| same tine. They were also run In together, hus
each lltis rccrysr Ut box picked up Il. own note
and did not Intcrfess with IL ne'ylfoE.
Another Development Of t!ls tclephqno
| vIrw. irof. lscll. IN Ill inys.s,ga.
slons, had xono .tep t,cynua composite tonst,
although, thsy were cn,hraesl III II, mud dnyetoped
tha tssnsn,isston Ut vocal su,!ats. spoken wnrl
was nothlng but sllration ~ son,s Vi IL small
and complex forns Il WIS almost II nut quite i'm.
possibls L. pfoduce pute tons Tl,erv were uysr-
tones, vihsatng at q higher rats. eonaectea With
usuty sundnmcntal. 4 plvcs Of string sibFatct. ~
ths lalter being the and giving the uIr.
llrnt which Ma cnlls quality. THUS IN Il could
| b. dfsEn9uished from \ u, .
The fnstEltntnt tpr hitting vocal s0npa con.
I Sisted Ut hdis0w tube an one End OF which WIS
| stretched tnutnl tlctnhrAun with thin Iron or
| stee! afnature glued To- 1t, this arnabrnaB swinging
Iack md forth In The DIR aud copying the sules In