New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-12-11

Political SCIENCE. or THE sTATE THEORETICALLY
WooisrY 2 vols SO. pp ts5 Go. scri-ner, Arm.
strong & Co
The preparation OF this work was suggested
by the lectures delivered by the author during MS pres
fiency Of Yale college, Tor o period Of twenty-five
yelrs a ough comparatively little has been made OF
the materials thus collected aud the present elaborate
treatise bears tbc character OF fresh and original com
position. Wools@y's long devotion TO tie study Of
intcrnaousl and puhic law, with his habit o! TIE acute
Analysis ana lucid exposition OF principles. has made
him AUTHORITY the questions discussed tr
these volumes aud Will place Thorn IN the highest
rauE IN the literature u political philosophy In treat
In tie subject. the author first considers the
general conception Of nights; Ae then proceeds 10
the discussion OF particular Nights. and the theory
az TIE state: closing with critical and his
torca view ~ the means that have been used for the
co,npIshment - The purposes implied in The ex-
Isence % The state The foundation % che state,
The LEGITIMACY Of political governments, OF, in other
words tbs reasons Tor the existence ~ organized
s0ccty according % D. W00sey mas, De traced back
l. tb, nature and desuuaou ~ human beings, who are
made for living in socis which could not he
rcsll q I'm r r7nsneu; form without law and or-aui-a-
tion No ind. vidual could msiutan his personal sh;
except IN society: and without organization. society
could make DO progress could have no security order
no settled industry motive fer forc.lcGshi, no hope
for the future Tie need ~ such an institution the
stat for the development OF humanity shows that 10 e
y
vine is conceivable however re sut ior afirs that
humsu society should remain Tor IN unor
gained state II TIE men bers o. IL nd reached the
hiehest standard % manhood intercourse would be with
out suspicion OF sedsancss. lie AMI property would De
safe and al the social virtues would flourish A far
concerns the wants society itself. there would be
lttc need o. political institutions higher law would
hrnr about thc control OF truth. = kindness and JUS
ttc, But even tben there would D. an instructive cray
inr or political order and unity states and Constitutions
ARE moi ,' r-aried the products % fear; tie NJ
tur OF man has certain inherent and universal euten-
ee, and crystag.s into certain forms IL lie JUS. As
the particles OF matter obey "A table law, md com
bine together in a definite arrangement WITH these ten
Gruces. the means tbe end suggested by
experience In The infancy Of society the family reia
tous determine thc character Ok the Arrangement A.
more advanced period. when men have become accus
toned o political FORMS they huld States as naturally
rs The beaver b1iids dam. With regard TO the Com
Inurslc theories which have been sststed, especially
snre the period O! the French Revolution DIT Woolsey
remarks that they built the tyranny % society
over ia member Ne authority Of despoue states over
their subjects gees 80 far No authority the state, OF
antiquity could Lave crushed the rights - the individual
10 an equal degree Liberty destroyed 10 the interests
OF equality % condition SJ the experiments 81 these
new dcspoms the author admits. have not beea with
outusefu results They show the seihshness ~ modern
iandho1,rs and capitalists. which may be, IN paIt a.
let responsible FOR the stIies which may eudanger the
un.tul stewardslps % the upper classes and prove
that unless States are connected together 10y hi-her
prlncpIe than legal rights society may faA into eoufu-
sion Tev show espec aly the importance Of TIE inst-
tut1ns q the family aud o. property even by the at
tecg, cie are made upon them and leave no doubt that
ar-youtor intended % weaken their Influence would De
o. bcf duration ard their authors held 10 adherence
through al the periods % history. With regard TO
Ie,,orr-v The United states DIT Wooscy remarks that
oricray 10 vas the out-rVVth ~ the selfeovernment
in tue or visions o. the and In the gen
era affairs % the colonies themselves The people az
III time OF The Rov0luU0n were substantially one
Thy we're not divided by csOus OF social differences
There was eztTay@gauce or ianaucisn IN TIC move
rcat Tic contest Tor practical ends Tor the main.
teuanee o. tleir Fights as Enghshmen They fought
solsly aud regiment sometimes went 10 the camp
with the minister Of the parish where many of The mcn
were rccruted, Tor tEer chaplain. TIE Revolutionary
Waruas lot strictly Of theory. There was no cry
Of liberty fraternity. aud equality - II those ihins -
were not enjoyed s,rcady. There was great degree
OF seadness Of social stability which foreStalled tie
desire FOR new experiments 80 revolution. But great
change Las taken place. the author aTms, ID the habits