davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
rrROPEAV FINANCIAL Markets.

1ovrov ~, 70 n C0nsos g8lls Tor BON money
and me account T. = bonds ioIr aud oneha. per o.
IOJ leG-s s.; Ten JOrtlc- coupon. 10, sew nFe- V'f
NewYork central ~ Illinois Ceniral - - feAA'J wanna
Central. &9e.
LONDON oct 2t-I3O p. m-Paris afvices quote I'VE per
cent ErufeS az francs confines for the accnn
IOSroS OCT 1850 %. n.-Ihe amount OF D.iIIh ~ -
drawn from tie Bank Of gan balance to-day vas 800
600.
IoNDoS oct. 2l-4 p msiver Is quoted at 3d. per
LONDON oct 24-i3np .. m.-Pars aiyices quote I'VE per
cent Kentes at 100 franc. % ceniues inr NE 4ccoAn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

The sum Of cS3 600 bullion was Withdrawn to-
day from the Bank of England " on balance max
ing q total loss this way of f49, 900 in six days.
Three months discounts are down 10 81 per cent.
Consnls 10 9GilG, and United States bonds were
higher, s67s aud I0-4Os rising to los, 4l2s 10
Erle common was up 10 1875. the preferred n - q
2fi2. aud New-Y0rk Central 10 l07, Illinois Central
closing at ~ and Pennsy lyania Central at 29l2
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

In Paris. the per cent French rentes opened at
1865. and closed at 1O6.07i2
The receipts of -four and grain NJ the principal
Atlantic ports this 2ith day of October were
Nj Ynrk.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
CLOSING PRICES or PHILADELPHIA STOCKS.

There was little ioing in State bonds. Louisiana
con,ols sold at s75sa s70 o74, and Tennessee Is at
423. al small lots.
In city bank stocks, Phoenix 90 sold at l02, and
Bank Of Commerce 10 at 125.
In railroad bonds, the South Pacific irsts
were steady at 73. and Hannibal and =
J oscpl convertible - ut 7-07sl2. The
Rock Island bonds We're stro"g. = at
1O7ls ant new fortv-vear Is AZ 1863 Jersey
Centras sold nv 1O9201 o93 for tirsts, and 63 for
convcrtibes Northwest gold houd, stiticned mp 90
9279. and he PacIhcs We're all strong. M l06 for
Ccutrals. % for Union hrsts. and 9io- for sinking
fund. Buffalo. New-York and Erie 1916 sold az
1873. and Toledo and Wabash frsts, S. Louis di-
vision. al 73.
Gold was quiet and easier. The sales were limited
40 1929. On gold loans the rates were to p
carrying. and fiat. The Acknowledgement paid
ont s. 900 coin interest, aud $4,000 in redrmp-
ton Of called BONDS The DAYS business Of the gold
clearing department Of the Bank of thu State of New
York covered Gold cleared. $16.G1s 600: gold
balances Tl.G27,15J; currency balances. Sl.9O7,-
2i1. The gold quotations We're
IO.....-..-.-..-. ..-... 1929 . 1928
Foreign exchange was dull and easier at - SOL,
for sixty DAYS bills, and about - Sjl for sight u
the t. Nominal rates We're unchanged and were as
follows:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

hnd and 500 bags Centrifugal &c. Cuba 8is
Gsltc. stock here by running count;
ffbds R0rss Prga Nsl1dO.
stock Oct -. ls77...... e2oG3 '2l33s i370S4 1903
stock oct. 90 SID 26Ois 22I37 stI5t 11s7
ock oct - lsl5..... s.. 20 26.539 l73,5O3 1851
stock Oct 20, ISL. 7U.Ss3 5000 1880 80
Refined quiet. weak: Crushed lOs4o. Powdered IOLqc;
Granuatei, l0dlnte.: Standard a" g7ic.
gi-c
IALL0M-MarSet steady; sales 10000 Prime 71,c.
WIlSkEH-Market heavy, lower; sales, 90 bills, 81 II p
gallon.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
- 1000 MANkErs-RY rELE0RAPM

RrFF,o y. y. oct 2i-CAruF Receipts. to-day 70
tle week ar. 1.4l2 hesd against $50
week. "a ol Cd ZueI Obi Ough, . )
No sales to-day yard, bare Of stock 20 cag held Tor
-hi' mrut tomorrow.
-1zlr LA}-rrcipts today 200 head total ior TIE
thu. ar 900 heat AGAINST 1900 heat last week
Market q lively. c vance Canada Lambs. Western
sheep week. prices sales ~ canada Lambs an @5H
40: Western sheep $685. jU: Common t0 Medium,
Extra ti0Di. at ~ 500 fj mInl
Receipts to-day go ncd total for thr week TINS
flr 500 neal. lJ.Oup mead last cous gnet
through Market live. with light Dol ia
yaErc OF pr feeling rot YER strong ~ close
Yorker. at - $685. o. mostly AZ - O4Sj 3Ji Heavy ~
- iUH-5 -.
CrIctGo, oct 2The Drorers Journal reports; CAri
K,ce pc, iiop; .niumeuts, to- Choice ia NatV -h'e
-ttunyl at - % - 81 other Naive NmpnlnR s'Ay az
- az 10 Medium and Inferior Cooiados - JJas no
Shipping tniDia here Through IT. Zans "ed qla
nv p1or Shipping demanii sales 10 p - 81 - Ssite
Buis 81 9jat3 90; Mich COWS u strong request 90 raO@
$500
Receipts 5000 shipm ms. 700. Market opened
O0 &c. lower closed sill and weak lttle
Best pn - 5r1-5 90 BIS I'.t"- -11tl ~
Common. - gnafj uj Packing - I0HS3 Leh "a 20 ~
~uEEr-leceipts ljOuf shipments $50. bet'f 'rihE'
wilA tnLIr aits 20 higher prhes. shipping S'"ft ~
Butcher. SD % 80.
Es.r IiBeATY Penn. OCT 2i-CArrLg-Rec pts 10 cars
81 hrougI ard - rs - yard STOCK or - .c iAe al
55 go Good 10 - p - jU common 40 - a. |. 49, -
Receipt, to-day 5i6j heat Workers at - lO9T' 30
PIadeiphias dul, ~ - 3pDs5 81.
,HE4f-Kecepts 900 head Prices range from 5Goc d.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
Gountrp aeal gslatc for sale.

At MORRISTOWN, y. For sal az a bar
Il gain. sequence % illness or the Proprietor the web
Known DI Moan ltOI -E Murrsf. bias - rroms Dr. \
excellent order; has water and ga- grounds are JoEl9 wen
shaded. = EDDY, NO 40 Brol.Hly, Room ~
SOMERSET COUNTY FARM, near somer-
y vile \ Forty acres all uuder good a
uon w0st0ry modern house II rooms. barn and car
rage house. erauar henuery and al necessary hudng- IA
order roof ate neghb 1l0pd good VII Dr. ) luc1
less than present yaiuc rutland & WHITING, Beck
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
HAVANA MARKET.
nnMEsTIC MAEkFTs.

U,vavt oct 2i-Sugar nominal spanish gold. 2lSh9
ols9t Exchange falling; on London ljgI6 premium.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
OFFICE OFTHE ERIE RAILWAY CoMPANY}
NFW-YOLs OCT 25 l@7T.

'J'HE ANNUAL MEETING Of The STOCK
HOLDERS OF the Erie Railway company i5r tue election
Of Directors transaction OF such other business a.
NAV come meeting VIII be- held go the once o the
company l-1 Tuesday, The 2ltn Day ~ N0yen-
Der next polls viii be- opened ~ 40 O'Clock A H. ana re-
main omen B > D'cllcE D.. n. of tlat dag.
~ both common and prefrrel 81 cA VI"
b. closed after hours on SATURDAY. the 2h Instant
,.vf BY OrIer % the Board
N 4. h. NAtDONoUGH,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

sss ss s- --.--.. oil o.
sad boul~ will the rate oi cent
aunum payable first ay May an November rach
year ana the prncpi. VAL be- pail N0yen er 4. l7'-
Each proposal sIoul De sealed aui iuiorei. rropoals
f0r Bonds city OF NrI0rS' and nCosed in second
envelope addressed 20 the ClmlfrOlcr.
The right reserved the NJ the Comptroller % re-
ect any a b in his Judgment the Interests OF the cor
porauun require &C.
Te allow, mentioned bonds win be applied exclusively 10
the redemption Ike bonds 81 hs city 0 N,f which
mature November 1871 and their ISSUE therefore, Will not
make any addition tO the city delt
p holders city bonds which mature November
l-17 apply amount iue on such bonds Tese lively
10 the uaymeuf Oi bonds that Dc awarded them on
be- bids under these 1iO
For fuu Information see 'Clfy Record
JOHS KELLY, Comptroller.
city o. New York Department o. Finance Comptro.Iers
Office Dcfuoer. 1 1877.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

Total bushels 1854 l4252s 49l 1851 1900 6s4'S
And the following were the receipts at BufiaIo to-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

Bv Canal Railroad. Ctwise. MALT Phil. Boston;
Flour bbls.-. 40 $3.50 1883 i2I6 l.43o 7'lO9
Wheat. bush. .lo3jt3 s6seo T sci 51I0oo ~ -" ~
Corn bush Gee -. 90 lu.40i AZ ab,.41 % % 50
oats bush. 1928 $500 -..-.. $3.50 400 ll,4oO
Rye. bush 5.7af sos ------ ,-.oo ''-'''
Barley, bush. Lose 1870 ----- l5ioO --..''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
Dividend Notlces.

Dipl0sno Notlces.
AMERICAN EXCHANGE SAuoNAL BANK
NEW YORK. october 2a, ls1f
DIVIDEND Of TWO PER CENT, free OF
Y taxes has been declared the capital ot tots bank pay
able on ana November The tTa sirr books Nl be
closed from this date, reopen The ~ Nosenoer
=. WILSON, Cashier.
OFFlcE OF THE CHICAGO AND ALTON. r. r. coz
CHICAGO. Oct. -. III. :
NOTICE. The Preferred Fust Mortgage
Ronds and Coupons OF this conn any maturna Noyem.
her ISL vii be paid and after mat date az TIE 9hee 81
~ X Je-up Patton No. - " lllam ~, New OfA me
interest these bonds will cease November l. IL
W. 81. LAHKABEF, Treasurer.
SEyENTY-SIIXTHI D ~, Nj ia,reo,pco,
No Na--au-st. :
NrW YORK. October n. 1877.
The Board oi Directors have ms aay desreS s4e usual
to so Ahoder their ega On ad ai,s tse
rt av III November next Transfer b0s VI" close on she
afternoon of the aud De reOpen on We morning oi
Novsmber p 1871 ". j. EMMETT secretary.
rI'HF NOVEMBER COUPONS of the Real
Estate First Mortgage Bonds guaranteed by the Ner-
camille rrst Company viii De paid AZ the ONCE OF The cons
n Fguabe Bulldug no lZ0 Broadway on me Isl Jay Of
November neXL r. l. NUN A'f'hfii' Ai''S'''''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
3roohlpn Dropertp 60 Get

40 LET.-tIouse, 10 ROOMS, all improve
meuts, Baltimore heaters front and ra q liid si1y
Hasry cars thirty ix minutes 20 Fulton Ferry pass e
w. M suls1urg Forty twenty ~ hn4t-i rent
reduced oll 5000 .3oy De- - -. 81 10 -. =
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
Gin Droperrp 60 Get

PARTMENTS TO LET.-A few desirable
\ hlts AZ reduced rents hrscllss apartment buiiH
Inquire Of CHARLES C. WAKELEY. l0f East lOtl-sL,
y g-NOrk
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
THOMAS DENNY G. Co.,

BANKERS AND DEALERS - INVESTMENT 5ECC RI
TIES, so PINE--T.
WANTED
TOLEDO & WABASH AND GREAT WESTERN FIfSr
W0RTGAGF SCRIP AND FUNDED DEBT BONDS
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25

4 CHOICE and BEAU TIFUL SUIT > or q
= ROOMS. second door, perfect con hilton hani-0me
browusOne with owucrj 75j IJhave 200 Broadway cara
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
Brooklpn arll GslaIs for sale.
.Ew-YoRK. wednesday. Oct. .

Drookpn HflI VsIIIt lor 9d1E.
nWELLING-HOUSE Nos. 43 Willow-st.,
- Hick~st ~ 81 and SO Na.sanat 100 and o2 Pho
ayp.e-st. - ard t97 Wu0ughbyst. - fafavelteaye
GORDON l. FORD. 81 Clark st. BROOKLYN.
4 OW PRICED LOTS FOR SALE OF LEASE
For manufactures, relneres. chemical works, 81
blocks o. ut4 xhtad front also blocks i0r
dwellings Newtowu creek nd 0innQ Sew York ni Brook
lrn all mortgage D. satisfactorily improved
Apply d " T.. BROW FIR, 100 NlIlam-st
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30
FATTIyG STEERS RAPIDLY.

Mr.. B. F. Fitzpatrick, who resides
near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has adopted
the following method of feeding steers
He divides his feed into three meals
what farmers usually feed at one, and
giving them ample room, so that all
car eat at once if they wish. In addi-
tion, he feeds them all thegood clover
hay they can eat. By following this
course, they require but peck Of corn
day, and do better than on half a
bushel of corn and poor quality Of
hay. To ascertain the result of this
experiment, he had three steers weigh
ed at his farm on the 1st Of December.
They were weighed again on the Both
of December. The first was a two
year old, which weighed on the 3Oth
of December 1910 pounds, having made
a gain of so pounds in the 80 days.
No was a four year old, and weighed
1440 pounds. having made a gain of
120 pounds-an average of four pounds
a day No.3, four year, weighed 1910
pounds, having gained 100 pounds-an
average of 81 2 pounds day. This is
a remarkable gain, eonsids, ing the
fact that the corn was fed out of doors
and in the ear.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30
MIR. DIOGENES.

This singular man lived in Greece.
He was distinguished for his eccentric
tiles, bad manners, and bad diSposi
ton. 1t was bis chief business to find
fault. For example, he took a lamp
one day when the sun was shining
brightly and went out to search for an
honest man. thereby insinuating that
snch persons were exceeding scarce.
When Alexander, distinguished mill
tary gentleman, paid him a visit, and
inquired what he could do for him, he
had the impudence to tell him to ''get
out of his sunshine" To cap the eli
max of his oddities, lie dressed like Il
beggar and lived in a tub, He was a
scour, grabbed, crusty old bachelor.
We infer that he had no wife, first,
because history does not mention.her;
second, because no woman would tax.
kindly to one Of bis habits, dress, or
manners, or aspire to become mistress
of his mansion. There was an old
woman who lived In shoe" it is true,
but the woman who would live in u
tub, and especially with such a com
pdniOn, has not been heard from.
The misanthropic spirit which pos
sessed this man was doubtless due 10
disored digestion and biliousue,s.
one of the prominent symptoms Il
which is morose, fault finding dispo
sition. The tongue is heavily coated,
giving rise to a bad taste, the appetite
is not good, and the patient feels dull,
sleepy, or dizzy, and is apt to be fret
fol. Unfortunately, Mr.. Diogenes
lived several centuries before DR..
Pieree's Pleasant Purgative Pellets
were invented, a few do, es of whicl.
would have relieved him of his bile g"
and enabled him to find scores o: hon
est men" without the aid of hi. lantern.
Under their magic infiuence, combined
with that of the Golden Medical Dis.
covery, to cleanse his blood, he might
have been led to take a more cheerful
view of life, to exchange his tub for q
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30

the present city coun5il of Cincinnati,
and providing for the election Of eigh-
teen members at large; Senaie bill to
amend the school law. 80 as to provide
| that no text book shall be changed
| within six years after its adoption
without the consent Of fLTeefourtbs of
the members of the beard of education.
and to provide that if the price shall
be increased the books may be changed
and 10 book shall be adopted by the
board in the publication Of " hich any
member of it shall be interested: Sen
ate bill amending the police law of
Cincinnati. Several bills OF strictly
local interest were adopted House
bill creating the new township Of Lib
erty out of Jackson township. Frank
lin county, was indefinitely p p-stponed.
House bill providing for establishment
of kindergarten schools was lost.
House bill to change the name of he
Ohio Agricultural aud Mechanical
College to the Ohio State c. llege of
Agriculture and Mechanic ArIs, was
lost.
MARCH 14.-Senate Hon. Samuel
Knex, of Hardin county, was elected
President pro tempOre. Bills passed:
House bill providing for the payment
of the contractors for construction of
the stone masonry and brick work of
the Columbus Hospital for the lnsaDe;
Senate bill creating sinking fuL d
commission for Cincinnati. House
Bills passed; House bill authorizing
the trustees of the United Brethren
Church in Green township, Hooking
county, to sell certain land; House
bill limiting the issne of water works
bonds in Toledo to $50, COO; House bill
the section authorizing Tole-
do and Cleveland 20 issue floating debt
bonds; House bill reducing The mini
mum width of turDpikes from twelve
to ten feet; Senate bill recognizing
the lunatic asylum districts. TIE gen
eral appropriation bill was passed. An |
amendment 10 pay rhe Morgan raid |
claims faileG-31 to 80 House ill |
giving justices of the peace concurrent |
jurisdiction With common pleas courts
in all suits involving amounts oi from
800 to S500-increasing the maximum |
from $500, was lost.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30
The Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chics-

The Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chica-
90 railway company commenced laying
steel rails Oh Thursday at several
points Oh their line between Chicago
and Crestline, Ohio A gap of five
miles just east of South Chicago, an
o.her of twenty Iuiles between Warsaw
aud Columbia, and another of twenty
five miles between Lima and Forest
will be laid with steel within the next
ten days, making the total length of
steel Oh the west division ole hundred
and eighty miles. This reduces the re-
mairder OF the iron track Oh the entire
line 70 ahout one hundred miles.
The Ohio Compulsory Education
Bill, having passed both Houses OF the
General Assembly of the State is now
d law The act takes effect from and
after The first of September, 1877, and
compels at least four months attend
snce at school each year.
On Sunday night last, the largest fire
that has occurred for ears in st. Louis,
was Occasioued by the burning of Levi
son & Gregory's store. The loss will
reach over half million. The insu-
rance reaches S265, 1000
c. S. McClelland, student at the
Wooster University, has been indicted
for fraudulent voting. The DemocIa-
cy claim that none of the students pos
sess the right of the elective franchise.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30
MARCH.
RY II. N. Il. CONWAY.


All, surly march, you've come again,
With sleet and snow and hail and rain;
Cold earth beneath, dark sky above you,
What have you, pray, to make us love
you,
No month is half as rough as you,
December winds less harshly blew;
What churlish ways. what storm-tossed
tressesi
Your presence every one distresses!
Haste, haste away! We long wait
To greet fair April at our gate.
Cold earth beneath, dark sky above,
Surely you've nsught TO make US love
you?
"Ah, see these blossomsr' he replied,
Tossing the hail-tern cloak aside
Though other months have flowers amany
Say, are not mine as fair as any:
See, peeping from each dusty fold,
The crocus with its cup Of gold;
Violets, snowdrops white and Silly,
Sweeter than any summer lily;
And underneath the old oak leaves
Herfragrant wreath hthearbutus weaves-
Whatever sky may be above me,
Surely for these all hearts will love me-"
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30
educational golnmp.
Conducted By c. y. PALMER.
PUBLIC OPINION AND THE TEACH.
ER'S PROFESSION.

In military matters, professional men
only are consulted; laymen have no in
fluence whatever on the organization,
drilling, armament, and leadership Of
the army, on the kind of ordinance, the
location and construction of fortresses,
and least of all on the details of these
affairs. In navigation, professional men
are exclusively employed, laymen are
not trusted with experimenting the
building and outfit of ships, devising q
code Of marine laws and signals, govern
ing ships and crews, steering, and the
like. In sanitary matters, professional
physicians alone, to the exclusion of lay
men are supreme rulers; they ordain
how hospitals ought TO be built and
managed, how disinfectants should be
used, how apothecaries' shops should be
conducted, how the quarantine measur-
es are to be taken, etc. In matters of
Law, none but professional lawyers are
employed or even listened TO; they make
and unmake our constitutions and laws,
and administer justice, except, perhaps,
in trifiing concerns. In civil engineer
ing, in mining, in manufactures, in mer-
camille affairs-in short, in every branch
of human ingenuity and ability, it is the
professional men who administer to our
wants without being hampered by out
siders; who make the laws of their pro-
fessional execution, and laymen are
modest enough to withhold their inter-
ference.
Why, then, is teaching, and public
education in general, so unfortunate as
to be, solely among all the crafts super
intended, legislated upon, controlled,
officered, and hampered by laymen, at
least as rule, and in most respects?
Why do not lifelong professional educa-
tors devise school laws and measures of
school government, ordain how teachers
are to be prepared for calling, how ap-
pointed and rewarded, advanced or dis
continued, how school books are to be
made and introduced, what auxiliary
apparatus, what kind of discipline school
organism, and moral education ought to
be applied? Is teaching, is education,
not as important as any other want of
civilized society? Nobody would render
himself so ridiculous as to deny this.
Does it require in its follower less pro-
fessional PREPARATION, nay, even lifelong
study, and less character and talent?
Nobody dares TO openly proclaim this,
but most people seem to think SO, and to
act upon this belief This inconsistency
seems TO have some secret cause; We
must unravel it. DR. ADOLF DoUAL
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30
TRAINS GOING EAST.
TRAINS GOISG WEST.

All trains run daily. sunday = excepted
Close connection. made al Fremont With
trains on l. ;. III. pass East. 7S2 m
Y l5 m, q SS r m; West 9,l3 IN. 7.Os IN
10 AZ IN.
At Burgoon with trains on PennsyIvani
Co., trains pass East 9.22 a In, 1000 IN, i.S6 p
m; West, 10 70 m. 7.39 m
At FostoIia with trains on 3. & o. X. r.
pass East 90 m. 25sam, 2 Il p m, 6.i4 p
At Lima with ID, & NJ r. X, pass South
H. 10 IN: Lao p m. 10 p m; North ass a m,
DO p IN, 8 40 p m. p. Fl. W. q C. Ry., trains
pass East, l.s9 m, S-55 a m. 4.05 - IN, sos m;
W. II. ASDREWS, tien Ticket Agent.
l Fl BURGOON Receiver and Supt.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1877-03-30

AFTER the child has been trained in
habits of careful observation, and attain
ed the ability TO independently concen
trate attention, the text becomes an inn
portant auxiliary. 1t enables the youth,
yet lacking the power to hold a topic in
Ill its details clearly before the mind, 10
examine complex subject with compar--
alive case and do accurate and profitable
work upon it beyond the hour ofinstruc-
ton. 6EssE kfss
Bat even ip this period of the texts
greatest usefulness (after the reflective
power is well rooted and yet is lacking
in the ripened vigor of manhood, it can
never be permitted to usurp the Office of
teacher without injury to mental habit.
II must be kept as servant, and never be
permitted TO rule the work. 1t is this
tendency of normal teacher TO abdicate
his place and suffer the agent to dictate
terms to himself and school that is con-
demned. The very extensive, almost
exclusive, dependence of teacher and
pupils upon the textbook for matter,
phrase, and method, is SO manifestly in
furious to mental growth that We need
not discuss its influence upon the pupils
habit of thought. The following points
are suggested regarding the the infiu-
ence upon the teacher and the profes-
sion.
1. In 50 far as it promotes an excessive
amount of lesson learning" it permits
the substitution of ill-trained and inferior
minds, which, as base coin, tends TO ex-
clude the intelligent thinker from the
field.
,. 1t affords little incentive TO constant
growth, and suffers mental Incidence to
predominant in the one who should be
the center of energizing thought. The
book permitting, but not compelling the
man tobe teacher, allows an unthink-
ing routine, and he, unchallenged, pre-
sides over recitations TO which he con-
tributes nothing"
8. The tendency to dwell upon the
artificial form of knowledge, stereotyped
for the million, induces him to rely upon
feats of memory in tests of proficiency,
both in himself and pupils. This con-
slant appeal to the exercise of a single
faculty, without aid from other trained
powers, is most prejudicial to culture.
Candor and broad thinking can only
take root in mind with evenly trained
powers.
The acceptance Of the textbook as an
embodiment of the work to be done in
branch narrows the horizon of the
teachers purpose, and closes many
avenues of growth, even on that subject,
by inducing bigoted habit ofaccepting
past conclusions withlittle question: and
by cultivating no inclination to test
truth face to face with his fellows; thus
depriving him of an essential quality in
teaching, the ability TO impress and
stimulate thought.