The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-04-23

equipped feet for the protection OF the Euxme Tue
kusssn army. strengthened by $1,000 recruits, was
separated into two dvisons. one Of which, under the
command oil Count MuIich. proceeded in 1867 TO
Otchakon, on the Enxine, while General Lascy with
the other entered the Crimea The objects proposed
be attained By these expeditions not adequate 10
tho expenditure that Attended them Otcnakon sub
mitted and the Crnea was again desolated This was
all Russia gained by the sacrince OF SO 600 OF her
veteran troops. The war continued three years but
nothing Of suosIaniai advantage was gained Dissen.
mons sprang ny between the German and Russian
commanders. aud Austria made separate peace with
The Turks This caused great dissatisfaction al st.
Petersburg. where u was not considered prudent 20
continue the war single handed A treaty was con.
sequently entered into between the bellgercnta II
WAS agreed that Azof should be evacuated ana tho
surrounding country TO remain unconciltnted a. q
mutual boundary between the two empires, and other
copquesls OF the Russians were surrendered nussan
fleets were not allowed TO be kept Palus Mpots
the Euxiue, and In tho latter the lnerce OF
Russia was TO be conducted only IN Turkish bottoms
Such tho result OF war which had the czarna
Anna upward oil one hundred thousand men, and
which had entaiicd upon the Empire an enormous ex-
penditure Of money Alter some years Of prouse out
lay and lavish sacrifice OF strength all that Russia
gained the satisfaction OF dssoatiug the Critnea
without exterminating the Tarars who still
10 nfcst ths porders and some slight commercial adj
vantages which never would repay the cost al which
they had been procured ~ was true that II Russia
failed possess herself OF Axot she had succeeded N
dismantng and rendering useless the Turks bus
this was a loss TO both parties. The war, the WHOLE
therefore, must be considered been IN the last
dolree disastrous 10 the Empire
TIKI FORTUNE or WAR CHANGES
During the reign OF Cathsrne ii. there were ire.
quent wars between Russia and Turkey, resulting in
many important advantages 10 tue former Urged by
The French Ambassador who sought To divert IN A.
tention Of Cathnrne from The partition OF Poland the
Porte declared var in 1863 against the Empress The
Russians comm. need hestltcs by the INVASION OF the
Crimea Axof and Taganrog were soon taken, Mol
was entered, Servia was cleared OF tho Tartar
allies In the following year, 1870, under Romanon
the reduction Of Jassy and BraoG were preparatory
TO two great victories which rendered the name OF
Ronapoft forever memorable In the annals oi his
The iurIs IN number So 600. under the Khan of
Crimea were entrenchcd on a hill IN position too
strong 10 DO assailed; out after three weeks
they became wearicd OF their inactivity, he beev
ing from feint OF The Russian general that he was
about TO retire, $1,000 OF them ruoed down the hill
They were repused with terrible loss; the remainder
carried dismay into the camp ana the Russians, tax
Ing advantage OF the circumstances. assembled, faced
the trenches killed many compelled the rest 10 dee
and seized considerable booty, with thirty pieces
Of cannon. Retreatng toward tho Danube the Turks
elected Junction WITH tho Grand ylzier whose array
thereby Increased to 15O 0G0 Unaware OF It's cx
tent Komanon pursued with urdor ana u desperate
battle ensued. Tho Turks lied, the vizer with them
cannon and nearly $1,000 dead the field. Calha.
mediIated no u design than drive tho
Mohammodans from Europe.
TINS poRrx REpucgD TO III. VERGE or RUIN
A powerful fleet was sent TO the Mediterranean and
usembarked on The Turkish islands AMI mainland
A terrible war now commenced, the Greeks every
where butchcring tho hohammodans, thc latter re-
taliatinR. In an engagement that followed Scio
the outun's hect was utterly destroyed THIS blow
slply affected tho Turks, especially The appearance
the Russians encouraged rripo. Egypt ana Syria 10
reue against The Porto The continued until liza,
when by The Treaty Of KainarJ Russia STAINED the
free navigation OF tho BiArk Sea- the right OF passing
through the Danube aiarye tract OF land between
Bug and tho Dneper and the strong f0rtrcsses Azof
Taganrog, Kcrlcn and kinburn. sum OF money
sufficient to dciray tho expenses Of the war was also
ages derived by Russia from the othor were
ample enough. Among them pot me least was the
commerce oil the Lcvant and vi the Black Sea. This
demonstrated tho entire ipIerority OF the Turks
both and land. TO the Auscovite power. The
Porte during 10 progress reduced to the verge
ruin, and for time was at the mercy Of Catharine.
peace OF some years followed tho Treaty OF Kanarj
II indeed that can DO called whore the SOL
emn engagements were perpetualy evaded. In short,
there was no respite givcn TO the Tartars Moham-
nledan tribes on the shores OF the Euxine and the
Christian prncipaiities nterferod with IN the
In 1887 hos, ites more broke out
AS tho Turks had just crushed the Egyptian rebellion
they looked forward 70 tho impending warfare with
hope To which their former mad some time
rendered them strangers On tile other hand Potcmkin
the commander. in-chief, having under his orders
s0mc OF The best generals IN tho service, hastencd
to the frontier, which soon covered by
Russian troops. AZ tire same time the Emperor
Joseph sent $4,000 Austrians into Modavia, while
powerful leet IN tbs Euxins prepared to cooperate
with the allies and another in the Baltic ready 10
sail Tor tho Mediterranean II seemed, indeed, If
Catharne's avore DREAM the elevation OF grand
son Constantine 10 tho throne oil tho Greek Enpro,
about TO be realized The Russians were every.
where successful lsma was taken by storm by
Suwaro the dreaded OF vii the Russian generals
his loss severe aud revenge the garrison with
GRAND y Spw s 70 and
treaty was signed In January, 1872 by II Calharihe
retained tho whole country between the Bug ana the
Dncster and WAS secured IN possession OF bc Crimea,
the strong place which NJ the time constituted II The
key to tho Black Sea.
the WARS or 1907 AND 1911
In 1907. at tho insyaton Of Napoleon, the Porte de.
clared against Russia No operations OF impor-
between Russla and Fralce, though It did entirely
put stop 10 the war between the Gar the sultan
hostile measures wcrc languld and OF no consequences
In 1871 there was another rupture growing OF the
Continental complications Tho result might have
been serious, II not fatal 10 the Porto, had not the
prospect OF a arduous struggle-the French In
vasion-induccd Russia 10 suspend efforts In that
quarter und conclude peace condition OF receiving
u portion OF Noldavia and Wallachla The policy Of
acquisition OF terrliory, II VIII DO seen. kept
steadily In view and acted upon as occasion offered.
rnR GEAR NICHOLAS IN THE YIELD.
In 1898 hostilites once more broke out between
Russia and the fotIe. 1t little consequence TO
qulre INTO the OF this rupture powerful ana
ambitious government IN the neighUornood OF weak
one can never want pretext Tor war. The Russians
crossed tho Danube IN great orce. An attack
Snuma ailcd though IN lie first Instance directed by
tue Gear Nicholas person. They
full at Varnn, which surrendered after siege OF two
months. Tho utmost efforts were made to reduce
Siistra; but from the advanced state Of the season
and the difficulties OF The attempt nothing OF inpor-
lance coulu DO effected and tho Russians retired
beyond tho Danube to wntcr IN WuIachla Operations
ia Asia carried with vIgor and Success In
the brief space OF wcck kars was invested and
taken. with 1000 PRISONERS In the spring OF 1929
hostiiities were renewed. Troops summoned
from various parts ot the Turkish EMPIRE and gar
rson AZ shunIa was augmented IRON 10, 600 40 900
men. The Russians were strengthened ny m addi-
Of 70, co., On the 10th oil May tho Russians again
crossed tho Danube, aud after some condc
Shumih surrendered Tue RUSSIANS now crossed the
Balkans without opposition, tho Turks everywhere
fleeing before them. and soon found themselves IN sight
OF Adrianope. During their progress tho Russians
had scarcely met with an appearance opposition.
The celebrated Treaty or Adrianupe. which concluded
the war; was signed september IA, 1929. Tho Gar
tanned large accesscns Of territory both Europe and
ASIA, particularly on The coast OF the Black Mol
davia ana Walacha were constituted independent
governments, and besides other concessions Turkey
was obliged 70 pay an indemnify Of 500 OOO, 000 The
Russian troops wcro TO remain In possession OF all
territory they had taken till the articles relative to
Moidava, Waachia and Servia ''couid be considered
fulfilled. and until the complete evacuation OF the
territory the administration and order OF things
tablished under the influence OF the Court Russia
WAS TO be maintained, and the Porto bound not to
Interfere WIN thom IN any manner. The whole oil
treaty was 10 pave the way Tor the tho
Princpalitics to The doinlnions Of tho Car.
rnE cRIMxAS WAR.
short time prior 10 the breaking OF The Crimean
war the Emperor Nicholas, In a conversation with tho
Engsh Ambassador AT ST. Petersburg, said STU
key, by degrees, has fallen into slate OF dccrep-
llule that. ns told you. eager ali are for Inc