New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-04-27


exists doubt as 10 many lines in the spectrum, as
whether they belong to the suns light or are producer
pierre Prof Langley described his Instrument III some
detail notion of the extreme deleacy OF ts .escen
will be gwen by the statement that the actual dsace
ment OF the lines is about ZOO of an lheb ana MY p
estimated rs about four times the utmost amount Wcn
the eye distinguish as variation from CONTINUOUS
line.
EARTH's INTERNAL FLUlDITY.
Gen j. G. Barnard, U. s. A. contributed an essay ION
the Internal Structure OF the Earth Affecting the mo
n0mena of Procession and Mutation: supplementary 10
an article under this head III Vol. XIX. of Smithsonian
Contributions Science. being the third of the Problems
OF Rotary Notion" Earth sill holds the secret OF us
interior constitution, and the subject has tue Charm VI
mystery. knowledge concerning the Iacts can DC AZ
tanned by ~ inspection and measurement OF the eats
surface; ( by penetration, such rs by mincs boring,
&C.. "a small relative depth 90 by comparisons o,
earihs whole attraction With that Of smaller ma sS OF
It, or known size and density, sucn rs when mountain
mass defects pumb-line. The mean densii, OF the
earth has been determined approximately oi2 nles
that of water Inspection and penetration nave Sh1H
that the superficial portion rock Tor soil which Is dlsn
tegrated rockD, having density % that OF wafer
and about nall the density OF the whole eartn nlss'
There being reason to assume that me phYfc con
stituents vary greatly with the Depth II
Follows that the greater mean densl SIN o., on
the interior is due to enhanced pressure Win ~
crcasng thickness of supcrposed strata lalace bSne
of the pressure obtained an expression iof he increase
which firy meets the case and agrees win obscfN
BY Of TINS formula calculations can Dc made 1or
the form OF mass whose internal density dlhers rom
its external density; thus calculated, the shape O. me
Oblae shCrOd) Is almost exactly tia Sicn
II should be, II 1t was originally Throughout III hia vi
molten condition. 10 this evidence to the interior
state of the earth We may add that which Is anoGcd Ny
former geologic eras, and finally Uy the increasing neat
mat increasing heat varies greatly III derenl localities
being per foot Of descent ll0h OF degree ran III
some places ana az lch as one l0h OF degie III 9,
ers but everywhere the Increase IL observable Ire
mean Of observations gives the Of heat at 100
Faa. per mile OF penetration. Assuning 1000 as ulo
temptratire of wholly fused rock, the exterior crust
wolld b, this calculation be only 66 miles ,,...-
Against tue foregoing conclusion ST. william Thomson
has argued that cod soiid rock is deser Than not qld
rock ard no cssiblc rlsidy OF the st ooud preVch
II fiom breaking INTO pieces which would slnh DeO" lle
fluid T.is process continue till the sunken POI
lions have built up from the lowest depths honey-
siderable quantities Of lava; bu from time 10 tne, WIN
each fresh descent otsoid matter, the lava Wi" mere ana
there be pressed upward occasuning more oi sS Goa"
pIcte volcanic prutOuB. To this argument iD1It may
he added on. drawn from escuLitio oR tne delormny
influence which ,Ec sun and moon WOuiu cArrt upon
atm oS st vIj i,roge rs flexible ts ct6nicouc 10
Tie motions OF the hdid villain II; canlehs ana sc
bottoms would alike 1sc uidcr lunar ana SOAR atuHc
tons AMI i IN the incf als OF attraction, AMI la,
waters "a The Won not be a. ihoy now ae iaiSd
certain hours, compare wIIi Tie Ianu %! Tue az
ira tUus which produce thc tides Before LAS class OF
arguments had secured ptance, the at WIN u'Pk rs
Cambridge Eng, man OF descrYcd ciniuelce II ps 81
ca Hhc nathel1c- Researches, aJdcSCu Cue PROM ~
eaVths hn.dy IN come uoA viii VIVA. l. called
tue procession of .nc oqanoX'f m equinox are me
cross each oncl These Zines i'll tue year have been
steadily going backward, measured ~ the eclpic, at
the rate OF Dol per year usig tnc Ml"e lIIioo VI
astronomical records. tlBe term Procession WIS az
cscs the previous point 0i time i'll thc Year, Iho
procession OF the cqnIOXcs is caused bJ the attraction"
the earn surrounds the equator than Tor thr res!
OF the earth which is OF smaller diameter The pan "i
tAls attraction nils thu equator toward the ecil-
TIC MIR Hopkins regarded tire process as some
what similar 10 the change OF plane OF alouon
ii the shell OF tie caltn aad IL laoioscd nul
of density III oushout, the procession %nHi
reach its ful amount; bu II the density nricacd win
dcutb (cilhcr Shell or nu!d) the FrtccN' "0"id ai
yD.tt
il appiynE results, Nr. Hopkins riDW wed tnat me
thickness N the shell must ,on 600 I, 1000 miles
Ba ms results IaiiaClOG., because he dt no iaae
The possible t"Sb lily ol ihe shell, bnt CAT
cudtrd rIEd aui he accacd suias Il large Az
Terence between observed and calculated precrNsion
TINS dcrcnce j. now known ia ne Itt sh"l ana Pu~1
siDy j. 10 be rcgaicd duc 10 .Irors Gen B.rnard
has demonstrated also tSnii oBnau tUn,ilDUduhs) INT
nr Hopn~ was i1sie1 ~ IN, proof tHa' mere w0d'i 9f
Wta 1id nucleus ANA the same mass cohgohed mo
SIR VILLAIN Thomson aftervard brought forward YET
more specods tav,ry; that the centrifugal force q
diurna rotation II the mater tAat constitutes ut pr
tutrraucc ri NE equator, would tXacily hrutt/r 'Ic
tlltu- attraction Of tie san ana moon ith.e Ae
argued ju-t The ratio ~ which an -
d carte yields t. tle dStoFE'h Wili NC procession i
uiraizcd But, as observed PtcSN.'h j. almost cA-
aclt what II would he Il tnC EARN were 4H'e lIs' ~
Wi, am maj aimed that the crust must Joe solid aAd
several tiiues id iron, Tor IL least 2"u' h5 "i
tAIoAHess. Cen Barnard doored tli' theory ahd az
owing s.iylt siiOls OF no" Ne"coihD concern
ing The pnHore Oi 'Lc 'dtvii OF attds, OH " ~
liam inol M, himself abandoned ms lItOlA ana -
understood recognizing instead that The outer Pol-
conferred 10 vortex motion t'Cn E'rht'o IA "a" pre-
ems paper. SHOWS thai nc hCi peCtdr; -r Williams
cnanee OF view. hy Announcing the trtctirI
ritadIty rOtatI1u, ANA IN otbCi particulars
aui,ptating the now doctrines. lie iGja"its WLl,h
IA 20 Tong Inlsled nycstlstorS arose ron follow
ing too blndiy long accepted rules respecting cntri
uE,l Io.ce aud tidM development. G,n. Bdrnhrds ncW
uJucr giyes a very cOmpcLC Eltlcn tlC.I analysis OF
what HAY c:.ird The internal metutmsn % tlect'-
SION settlnI forth rationale nj Il, ana incirdn al
Original c!outTtI9. relations between thc u.es
ana recession ana nuttItn. The paper calls ia dUuut
an ucmatlun uIorudl tide III The mud EARN ami
advances tine opinion concerning Lapiacrs famous result
(1uat lUr u soma ei b, shallow ocean u.
de TIA would b. no IIso ana ld OF GIuldl
Lcl aIUn 10 con OIa uhd J. Winch tldeS
grEeratd Il. Thc paper ld.os however, mat ~ suth
an ocean. actual OCEANS, the tide may DE
Gitect, under pditla tuididiri OF LlpHccs theory.
Inc aper nas ut3ccL 10 express Withdrawal
fiuu the theory any inference can nc drawn from
tur facts of eccaSioE IL che huid4y OF tit eariA
Bat inc special intention i Con- BarBaids paper Is 10
set foi TIA The KIND that 81 william Thomson was
longing fJG his Glasgow audicrs solution, cOh,r
clty no. Of inc fui problem procession ana
mutation, ANA necessarily ihciuGCd IA III,
tine uGcs III a continuous revolving huId spncrOid,
whether heteru, ruUUus or holuosencUus.' W. {. W.
THE VANSCTF1 ADJUSTMENT.