The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1877-03-29

tlllN fEAi ~ '' ~
on the ground or at the landings, buy
and pay the negroes for their cotton, often
dividing the money according to the
labor perforated in raising the crop. some
lease the land of the former owders, but
the old stateoi things is "dun clar' gone"
This tradc and traffic, ii may be fairly
expected, will in Il few years largely in
crease the wealth and intelligence of the
race IN theS" localities.
THE SEA ISLAND COTTON
brings treble the price Of inland, An
acre will produce in the neighborhood OF
three hundred and fifty pounds Of seed
cotton, which when ginncd weighs about
seventy five pounds, or II to five, The
negroes without doubt will eventually
grow all the cotton, ~ not one in five Of
the Northern men have thus far succeed
ed in their attempts. Let the reader re-
member that we have not looked at a sin.
gle piece Of machinery yet, and then cal
culatc the number Of people and the
amount Of wealth, these works employ
and produce, before We reach the factory.
The sail, the mine, commerce and manu-
features, all find employment to supply
The Clark Thread Company'S works, and
when they stop the cotton may bloom
and fall unplucked, the coal miner may
starveon abed ofblack diamonds, the sails
on the rivers be spread to the breeze no
more, and the lathcs in a hundred shops
be left to rust in silence. The manutac-
turc Of CIark's 80. n. T." Spool cotton
embraces the islands Of the sea and pen
ctrates the bowels Of the earth, utilizing
the treasures of wealth ON every
hand, enriching and blessing mankind
at every step, from the womb of ages to
TIE spindleB at Newark. WewiIl nOwcx-
anime into the immediate sources Of the
power which drive the endless maChin-
cry of this vast hive o. industry with its
sixty miles of betting and about seventy
miles OF steam pipe for heating purposes.
WE ENTER THE ENGINE HOUSE,
itself large enough for m ordinary fac
tory. Here il u mighty production o!
human brain and Drawn. In the presence
OF this monster, with its majestic tread,
one feels his own insigniticance and frail-
ty. This vast piece OF machinery, NOV
ing silently, save the sharp click of the
improved steam Cut-ofls, is equal in pow
or To the combined draft Of six hundred
horses, and il two engines in one, usually
termed Il double engine. The ny-whccl,
travelling at the rate Of forty.cight reyo-
lutions per minute and carrying three
huge belts on its surface, each two feet
wide, is Scventy-cight feet in circum-
ference, twenty-five feet in diameter,
and weighs thirty tons or sixty thousand
pounds. The shaft is fourteen inches in
thickness, the cvlindcrsare twenty
six inches in diameter with CondenSers,
and astrokeOf five feet. They were built
| by Corliss, in 1874. Oncof the three belts
ON the ny.whecl is one hundred ard fifty
feet in length. But even this double mon
stcr could not run the works. 1t has Il
big twin brother, and together they travel
every day for ten hours IN their endless
journey, and never get tired. They are
wonders OF power and elegant workman
ship, worthy OF Il visit from amy II who
wants to see the
BIGGEST AIR or TWINS
in New Jersey. They are supplied with
steam from nine immense tubular boilers
and four large upright boilers, COrliss'
plan. They consume twenty-five tons Of
coal per day, which will give some idea Of
the amount0fstcam necessary todriyct the
immense establishment. BESIDES these
! there are three ordinary sized engines,
made by Watts, Campbell e Co., Of New
ark, in different parts Of the works, max
ing seven in all, Il grand total Of nearly
fourteen hundred horse power. The
young mountain Of coal, which looks
enough to last the whole city II year, Is
rebuilt by two hundred and fifty ton boat
loads, at brief intervals,
MANUFACTURERS THE THREAD.
The cotton is brought in b. les to the
mixing rooms, when it is examined and
placed in bins, according to the different
trades, ready tor the scutrhing machines,
which open and beat the material, clean
ing it from the dirt and sand it contains
in the bale. After going through the
scutching machine, it cones out in the
shape of roll, like wall paper, compare.
lively soft white and clean. 1t is, how
ever, really in Il very rough state, com
pared with the hneness and perfection
that is to be reached. Several OF these
scutching machines are running c@ontinu
ally, and their sound is like the roar of a
lightning express train, as it whirls past
the platform where you stand. The first
scutcher is fed with the Jalc cotton from
II hopper which lctsit through into knives
set in large rollers, which ~revolvo with
tremendous force, and lightning speed,
picking the cotton into small pieces, and
passing it by suction Of air, on to other
rollers, between which it goes and comes
cut in the shape of II web or slap in
large rolls. Four Of these rolls are then
placed upon a machine like the first and
run together through the same process0f
PICKING AND BEATING AND CLEANING,
when it cOmesOut again inthcsamc shape
as before, rolled to exactly the thickness
which il is desired to make the Silver"
from which the thread yarn is to be spun.
What II '~slivcr" is will be learned further
on. The machine is so delicately set that
it regulates the thickness of the web or
lap to within half an ounce, in II web of
five feet, weighingonlytwelv to eighteen
ounces After being put through three
scutching machines in this way and COM
ing out with eight thicknesses of web or
lap similar to that produced by the first
process, it is ready Tor the carding ma
chimes. This department is filled with
Carding Machines, Drawing Frames, lap ,
pcrs, and Combing Machines, Il perfect
labyrinth of belling, pulleys and machin- i
cry, the noise of which is like the roar of ,
many waters mingled with the %clatter of I
Il thousand wheels. one of the large /
rolls of web or lap that came from the last |
scutching machine is placed on a carding
machine, which takes and runs it
BETWEEN I'll TEETH q
Of a large and small cylinder for the pur- 4
poe of drawing out the cntangled fbers c
and laying them parallel or in the same !
line OF direction and also to remove the !
small pelliclesor notes whichmay havees. y
the actionoft the cutchingmachine. Il
A ttcr heinz treated i'm this wnv n comh. n