davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08
The Science Of Play.


There is not much obvious connec,
ton between the homely couplet, All
work and no play makes Jack dull
boy, and Schiiler's hypothesis OF a
"Spieltrleb, or sport impulse which
ne recognizes as existing IN human
nature, and to which he traces the
origin OF all notion, and especially that
OF a poetic and dramatic character.
Yet both ideas express truths which
need put TO De blended together to bring
oelore us q reaiization OF the absolute
necessity OF play IN practical and
physiological light. The FIRST may be
taken as referring 10 the physical gam
bols OF the young animal; the second,
10 tnat wnicn IN one sense may De men,
tai reiaxauon' IN anotner' not SO; al
nrmativeiy II the exercise OF the sport
impulse involves total change OF
thought and idea, negatively If no such
change takes place.
Play is an instructive faculty, inherent
in all animals. 1t is as much an in
stinct as the desire to seek food when
hungry; and to regard it as mere
aimless and trifling species of exertion
is total mistake. The gambols of a
child emerging from babyhood, or OF a
kitten, are due to precisely similar rea-
sons. At this period of life the purpose
OF play in man and brute is the same;
in after years the difference vastly
widens through the introduction of the
intellectual elements in the actions of
the child, and OF course its total absence
in those IF the hrufp The Uamae and
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

d Great reduction in price for 1878 Of GfEA:
soS,s PICTORIAL to % year. Single copies &c.
TIE HOME CIRCLE to $2 year, single copies
cents for sale by all newsdealers. y,
GLEAsoN's MONTHLY COMPANION TO u :
year, single copies 10 cents. All postage nes,
The price Of Chromoe has just been greatly
rednced. No one now gives such liberal terms
to agents as we do. Send for new free circu-
lar. Address r GLEASON & Co., 75S WASH
ington street, Boston, Mass.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08
The Killed and Wounded in Battle.


At the present moment the subjoined
statistics relating to the war of 1870
III, compiled from the carefully-pre-
pared returns of the German General
staff, NAV not be without interest. The
total strength of the German land
forces engaged in the campaign against
France amounted to 887, 876 men. In
killed, wounded and missing they lost
127, 1867 men. The percentage of loss
in each rank is shown by the following:
General loss-Generals, 11.28; staff Of
ficers, 1886; Cclonels, Majors, Cap
tains and Riding Masters, 22.22; Lieut.
enants, 1882; Surgeons and nigh Of
ficials, Ito; non-commissioned officers
and priyates, 14.21. Embellishments,
2.56; staff officers, 1867; Colonies, Maj
ors, Captains and Riding Masters, 7.03;
Lieutenants, 7.30; Surgeons and high
officials, 0.29; non-commissioned Of
fcers and privates, 2.60. Wounded
Generals, 8.72; staff officers, 1922;
Colonies, Majors, Captains and Rid
ing-Masters, 1917; Lieutenants, 1850;
Surgeons and high officials, 1.27;
non-commissioned officers and pri-
fdtcS, J.JC. hlsSiHS oOhOA tiio, hohSi
staff officers, 0.O7; Colonies, Majors,
Captains and Riding-Masters, 0.02;
Lieutenants, 0.42; Surgeons and high
officials, 0.54; non-commissioned Off
GERS and privates, 1853. These figures
give some results that are perhaps not
generally known. Passing by the Sur
geons and /" high officials" who cannot
fairly be classed as fighting men, we
find that the next best thing to being a
General-so far as safety in action is
concerned-is to be private, and that
the brain of an army-the staff-if the
experience of the German Army be a
guide, suffers far more than the regi-
mental officers or the rank and file.
More than fourth of the German staff
engaged in the last war were shit, -
aud large proportion of them We're
killed, while Of every 100 privates and
on-commissioned officers engaged in
the campaign, scarcely more than four
teen were killed, wounded and missing,
and only about two and half killed
outright. -SscisS Times.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

n. ". HArcH & Co.: have sold your uni
yersal Cough Syrup nearly three years. It gives
good satisfaction, and have no hesitation IN
fecommending it as equal, If not superior, to
other remedies of its class. Yours truly,
A. w. BULLOCK, NJ. ID. .
p 81 have sold more Universal Cough
svr,1p than any other cough remedy A. w. B.
Gold NV II Blocki 4 Co. Chicago, Ill. fs
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08
.TYienna Hollis.

To one quart of flour add two teaspoon4ul'
Of DooLEY's. YEAST POWDER, sift Thoroughly
put ii 4 little salt, and rub tablespoonful O
lard or butter through the -four; use enopgI
sweet milk for soft dough, roll out and GU
with round cutter; fold over like 2 turnover
wettinr the edges with milk to make them ad
here: wash over with milk to give them gloss
place in a pan so they will not touch each 0th
er, and bake fifteen or twenty minutes TheJ
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

AN Arkansas tombstone is ornar
mented with asssix-shooter.l CstTIeus
Paraoraph. Probably the deceased
wanted to make sure Of having some
weepin' DER his grave.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

IN two years SIX thousand London
children ct have been Taught TO swim BY
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

PATENTEEs AND INVENTORS should read ad-
yertisement of Edison Bros. in another column.
nxsee E. BROWNS Adv't Of FOOT LATHEs
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

KINasFoRp's OswEeo Corn STARCH is alb
solutely pure. For buildings, custards, blanc
mango, etc, it has no equal.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08
m.,n.r.. nyother., mothers.

Don't fail to procure MRS. WINsLow's SoorH-
ING SYRUP for all diseases of teething in chl-
dren. It relieves the child from pain, cures wind
collie, regulates the bowels, and, by giving relief
and health to the child gives rest to tho mother.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-11-08

h.ds tr.shaa r,oet ~ Il M the still stand
inc st,lEs. mt T obtained forty-two
,,69s,,Js a sxcsiIS.,t snnt freA from al
rs, lt;t;s ,sestss,,1 IN tKe q6th fIav of
rehsrsrv' NJ. Georke Reid, Of Inele-
s;do f.ru, neer Washington. d. C..l
nnrchsred two COWS, in good health,
esnd sred = resupectiyely about seven
wears v One cow was fed thrice daily
one and one-han pound Of corn-meal
and three ounces OF SIUuC, ulXcu Will
800 -. = 1890 mo ,.,c,ld aat Tho
- .A4sS ~ .llr,,,v..,,< h,,t
second naQ Tue sdue dAoWuncc, Uue
wet
On the ttn q MaIc1 1ne amour. =,
smut gwen IN 6acn leu was ln I ad
70 SIX ounces. Inc ~, eom ,e &c r. III 10
lost nesh. IN the lotn % Marcn ,nc
dose o. smut was increased % WE'VE W
ounces ny. 10y .llnes : uay H. 80 Tho S
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26
The Election Laws.

The Legislature has adopted some amend
ments to the election law in accordance with
the recent amendments Of the State consti-
tuition. Under the new law the same quail
fications as heretofore are required in a voter
with the additional qualification that he shall
Ina, paid to the state before the day Of elec
ton the capitation tax required by law for
the preceding year" 1t also makes the fol-
lowing section relative to the new disqualifi
cation growing out of conviction OF petty
larceny:
The clerk Of the County Court and Hus-
tings, or Corporation Court, shall, at each
registration, deliver to each registrar in his
county or city, list Of all the voters who
have died, or who have been convicted Of fell
ony or petit larceny since last registration.
And it shall be the duty Of the registrar to
correct his list in accordance with the list
thus furnished, before proceeding with the
reyistatioD; and he shall strike from the list
OF voters the name of any person convicted
OF felony orpctit larceny, upon the production
before him Of certificate OF the clerk Of a
court OF competent jurisdiction that he has
been convicted OF felony, or convicted Of pet
it larceny since December !. 1876, in such
court, or has been so convicted by a Mayer,
Police Justice, or just ice OF the Peace in the
county or corporation wherein Is the court
to which, said clerk belongs, unless said per-
son shall produce pardon from the Gov
ernor, or certificate from the keeper Of the
rolls that his disabilities have been removed
by the General Assembly. This act shall be
in force from its passage.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26
Facts about Whipping Horses.

Horses are whipped great many times
when the whip should be we'll laid on the
person instead of the horse. A great many
horsemen seem to think that a spirited ami
NAL must be whipped and dubbed until 'shis
will is broken" Prof. D. Magner, the il
lustrio,is horse-tamer, used to say to his
class in New York City that no pistake can
be greater than this; and there is nothing
that so fully exhibits the ability. judgment
and skill of the real horseman as the care
and tact displayed in winning, instead of re-
polling, the action of the mind. Although
it may be necessary to use the whip some
times, it sho Id always be applied judicious-
"; and great care should be taken not to
rouse the passion or excite the will to obsti-
macy. The legitimate and proper use Of the
whip is calculated to operate upon the sense
of fear almost entirely. The affections Of
better nature must be appealed to IN train
ing horse as we'll as in training a child. A
reproot given may be intended for the good
Of the child, but if only the passions are ex-
cited the. effect is depraving and injurious
This is the vital principle, and can be disre-
garlcd iE the management OF sensitive.
courageous horses only at the risk of spoil
ing them. have known many horses of
naturally gentle character to be spoiled by
being severely whipped, and one horse that
was made vicious by being struck with a
whip once while standing in his stall.
have referred to these instances to show the
danger Of rough treatment and the effect
that may be easily produced by ill-usage,
especially upon fine blood horses and those
Of highly nervous temperament. Sensitive
horses should never be left after they have
been excited by whipping or other means
until Gained down by rubbing or patting on
the head OF neck, and giving apples, sugar,
Or something of which the animal is fond.
Remember, the whip must be used with
great care, or it is liable to do mischief it
will be hard to overcome by the most care
full and patient treatment. Whenever a
horse is struck with whip the driver should
feel assured that the animal understands for
what offense lie is whipped. When a person
is punished his offense is fully made known
to him prior to the punishment.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

@petrp.
APRIL TESTING.

Iheard two robbins singing in the wood.
One April day,
And what they said my heart well understood.
That April day:
"Oh. love is sweet through all the busy day time
Oh, love is true in winter and in May-time y
But then, you know the hour was Follys playful
Twas April day.
and I, to keep in tune the merry birds.
That April day.
Sang with them thoughtlessly some foolish words
Twas April day;
My love is fair, I could not help but choose him
Ny love is wise. oh what could refuse him
This April day?
"Yet should he hear me sing. let him beware
IT'S April day.
And il say, I love him. have no care
IT'S April day.
The token that he sends-oh. yes, 1 kissit;
And If he sends it not, sorely miss it;
But promise, song or kiss, now pray what is it.
On April day?''
Singing and laughing through the woods cam e
That April day,
Until clear, strong voice sang back again;
Oh, April day!
This girl OF smilesand tears, this little rover
WIN peasant 1eSIlnS does her heart discover.
Thy mirth is wisdom; /, her happy lover;
Thou, April-May.
He clasped my hand, through the wood we went,
That April day, -
Singing like robbins in our glad content
That April day.
Oh, golden sunshine, and oh. silver raining!
Oh. earnest testing. and oh, sweet conn laining!
Two happy hearts stood watching daylight'l
waning,
That ADril day.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26
A Fighting Elephant.

Gilmore's Garden, New York, was In an
uproar Monday morning, and curious throng
gathered in the streets near by. A big ele-
plant named Borsen, which arrived from
Liverpool on Saturday for Barnurn's menag-
erie, was assigned place where three other
elephants were chained; and being unaccus-
toned to stand otherwise than alone he be-
came very belligerent. He walked in front
of his companions as far as his chain would
permit, struck them on their heads with ais
trunk, and seemed determined that they
should acknowledge his superiority. Always
when several elephants are together. one
mastersthe other before peace is established.
Mr.. Hale, the keeper Of Borsen, gave him
blows with a stout stick, and aided by sew
eral other men, watched the beasts through
out the night. Borsen entertained conse-
quent grudge against his keeper, and as the
latter, about in the morning, was giving
him water, hit him blow with his trunk on
the side that knocked him twenty feet away.
Hale ran at Borsen with his stick, but was
seized and thrown over the FALLING. On re-
turning to the charge he was again seized,
and this time the beast was on the point OF
plunging his tusks into him, when Mr.. Chas.
McLain, the boss canvassman, went to his
rescue and dragged him out Of reach. Bor
sen then became furious. He broke his
chain, and started through the premises
with his trunk elevated and his tail standing
stiffly in a horizontal position. He tore
down the wooden railing as If it were a
thread, and went to the lions cage, which
he knocked over. There was then pande-
moniu,n Of roars from all the beasts, includ-
Ing the seals and sea lions. Over twenty
fled, but soon rallied, and, under the leader
ship Of Messrs. McLain and Mcdonald.
prodded the elephant with .pitchforks aud
tore his ears with hooks until he was secured.
This was done by first lassoing one OF his
legs as he stepped. and then twining the
rope around his other legs, which caused
him to fall heavily. Then, being helpless,
chained. In this condition, after tremen-
dous beatings, he was allowed to rise, and
was led to one Of the posts of the garden, to
which he was attached. His ears were badly
laceratcd and blood streamed from wounds
on his sides and belly. An elephant, after
being conquered, rarely attempts second
rebellion, and Borsen was quiet Sunday
evening, obeying the commands OF the at
PENDANTS. 1t took SIX hours to sutdue him,
and men were afterwards occupied for hours
washing away the constant flow OF blood.
Mr.. Hale was badly, but not dangerously,
hurt. Charles Rivers had u very narrow
escape, for the elephant at one time held
him with his trunk, and was on the point OF
driving his tusks into him when violent
blow Of club caused the trunk to loosen.
Borsen is now so we'll chained that he cam
not break loose.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26
HINTS for Farm and Household.

The best treatment for slight burns is to
apply cotton batting soaked with liniment
made Of equal parts of lnseed oil and lime
water. Be careful not to break the blisters,
should any form.
A simple and cffectual remedy for ivy
poisoning is said to be sweet spirits OF nitre..
Battle the affected parts freely two or three
times during the day, and the next morning
scarcely any traces Of the poison will remain.
To cure corns take lemon and roll it UNI
til soft; cut q thick slice AMI bind it on the
corn at night. In the morning, if white and
idisintegrated. pull it out with your finger
nails. Some times several applications will
be necessary.
Horse-radish is said to be simple and ef-
fectual remedy for neuralgia. Crate and
mix it in vinegar, the same as for table pur-
poses, and apply to the temple when the
head or face is effected, or the wrist when
the pain is in the arm or shoulder.
A Pennsylvania farmer makes strong
case in favor Of oxen. He claims that they
will do as much work as horses, eat less
grain, require less expensive harness, can be
eeared in half the time, and can be managed
more safely by boys.
We admonish farmers to be on their guard,
and to treat strangers who come among
them urging the sale Of some Indispensable
article, or some Plausible invention, which is
to make them rich in one season, with re-
serve, as there is no telling what kind of a
job is to be put up.
( The most effectual remedy for ear-ache
yet discovered is small Glove of garlic
stepped for a few minutes in warm salad oil,
and put into the ear, rolled up in muslin or
thin linen. In time the garlic is reduced to
pulp, and having accomplished its object,
should BE- replaced with cotton to prevent
the patient taking cold
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26
The Household.

TEA CAKES.-rhree cupfuls sweet milk,
one cupful yeast, flour to make thick bat
ter; set this as sponge over night. In the
iul melted butter, one-half teaspoonful salt,
flour enough tn roll out as biscuit; kneed
we'll and set to raise about five hours, then
roll one-half inch thick and cut into round
cakes, put in buttered tins and let raise half
all hour, then bake to a light brown.
SWEET WAFERs.-rhree eggs, half pint
Of -four, tablespoonful OF melted butter,
three fourths cupfu powdered sugar, half a
cupiul milk. little nutmeg bake in wafer
or waffleirons we'll before using; roll them
while hot on Il smooth round stick; slip off
carefully 50 that the cake may keep its shape.
= Hot CROSS BUNs.-ro one quart flour
add one teaspoonful salt, two tablespoonfuls
powdered sugar, one tablespoonful baking
powder, and sifr all together; rub through
the flour two tablespoonfuls butter; moisten
with milk into very soft dough. Roll out
in sheet little less than half an inch
thick; cut in small square buns; in the GEN.
ter OF each cut Il deep cross. Bake in a
quick oven. aud while hot wash over the top
with milk, using paste brush.
WHITE GEMs.-Beat one egg, to which
add a cup and half of sour milk. in Which
has been dissolved a small teaspoonful Of
soda; stir in -four to make stiff batter; then
add one tablespoonful of butter. melted !;
pour into well.buttered tins or irons that
were put into tile oven to heat before begin
ming to prepare the batter. Bake in very
hot oven.
PARsNIPs.-Wash we'll; scrape them and
cut in two or four pieces lengthwse; boil in
water with a little salt in it until tender,
which will be in one-half to three hours;
when quite done dish up in warm pan,
with melted butter poured over them, or
warm butter, with a little minced parsley in
it.; or mash the parsnips and form into small
likes. roll in flour or dip in egg and bread
crumbs, and FRY light brown.
POT RoAsT.-Take any piece of fresh
beef, lay it in a tiat-bottomcd pot with two
good sized onions; cover only even with the
ton OF the meat with boiling water; cover
very tight and let stew slowly until the
water is exhalsted turn it oyer once OF
twice; when it. begins to brown watch that
| it. does not bum, and then season with salt
and black pepper and spice, it you choose.
| DANDELION WINE.-Take a quantity Of
the flowers, boil half an hour, and ther
strain; add three pounds of sugar to eacf
gallon; boil again twenty minutes, with the
rinl OF, a lemon and one orange; then ado
the juice; when lukewarm stir in small
/ quantity Of yeast; keep filling up; lay some
thing light over it, but do not fasten dowf
till the fermentation ceases.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

The Secretary OF War, upon the recon
mendation Of Col. W. P. Craighill, engi-
neer in charge. has authorized the expentli
ture Of $85, 600. the unallotted balance ofan
appropriation OF $40. 600 made by Congress
last year for the improvement OF the Kanaw-
he river. This, with the gums heretofore
appropriated. will aggregate about $500, 900,
an amount sufficient to complete the locks
and dams at Brownstown, Cabin Creek and
Paint Greek.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

A Mrs. Abbott, O. Baltimore, was out Wis
ting OIL Saturday evening, and was sum,
moned home by the serious Illness ot8an in
valid daughter aged Is. When she reached
her home, she found che young lady u corpse.
Mrs. Abbott was Frustrated ut the sight, aud
died instantly. The husband and father
was present, anL his grief can be better i'm
agined than described.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

The train Of twenty loaded freight cars
that was started from San Francisco OH the
Doth Of March, by way Of the Central and
Union Pacific, and Baltimore aud Ohio Rail
roads, for the purpose Of making better freight
time than any heretofore made across the
Continent, arrived ut Jersey City at 6 clock
Friday, having accomplished the jour
ney in ten days. Some two months ago an
attempt at fast time was made, resulting in
II record OF thirteen days. The goods carried
in the present instance consists Of silks, teas
and fancy goods, brought from China and
Japan. -New York Post
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

tI"n. Philip Clayton, United States Coun-
Gil at Callao. in Peru, says the Atlanta (Ga.)
Constitution, who died recently, was q ma
tive Of Georgia. lie was appointed three years
ago, During President Buchanan's Admin.
istration lie was Assistant Secretary Of the
United States Treasury under Hon. Howell
Cobb, and after secession he WAS placed in a
similar position in the Confederate Treasury
under Hon. George Trenholm.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

Elk Gov. Chamberlain, of South Carolina,
will remove to New York city in few days.
He will be from May l a member of the new
law firm of Chamberlain, Carter & Eaton,
his partners being Walter S. Carter and Ser
burne B. Eaton, both practtcing law In New
York.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

The Hon. James Barbour. OF Culpeper
COUNT, authorizes an emphatic denial of a
report that lie intended to run as an inde-
pendent candidate for Governor. He will
support the democratic nominee.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

Leave Washington at 2:1o a. m, Alexandria 24s
a. NJ, and make connection at Lychburg to West
and Southwest, and at Danville to South and
Southwest.
Leave Washington 81O a. M, Alexandria 0:lO
NJ and connect at Lynchburg to Memphis, Little
Rock and Texas, and to Atlanta and all points in
the South. and via New Orleans to Galveston and
Southern Texas; also connect with Chesapeake u
Ohio East and West.
Leave Washington at $3.50 p. M, Alexandra at
1920 p. M. get to Gordonsville at 235 a. m. and
connect with Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad west
ward to huntington Cincinnati and all the North
west eastward to Richmond and beyond
For MANASSAS DIVISION leave washington
at $40 a. H., daily except Sunday and get to Stras-
burg at 448 p. N. Leave Strasburg at a-lo IL. Ill.,
and arrive at Alexandria at p. m.
For WARRENTON leave Washington daily at
$40 a. IL. 4- :.
Trains from South arriving at Washington at
1856 a. M, p. NJ, and 125 a, m. make GOOD CON
nections with Bait. & Ohio and Bait. & Potomac
trains to Baltimore. Philadelphia and New York,
and to all points North and northwest.
Through tickets to the South and west at low
est rates.
]. NJ. BROADUS.
AIR. S general Ticket Agent
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

The Norfolk Virginian thinks 1T is the
duty OF the democrats to sustain the fresl-
dent in his Southern policy, and the Rich
mond State endorses what the V'rgiasatas
saws.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1877-04-26

Ex-senator Simon Cameron is going to
Europe with General Grant on the 10th OF
next month. He is making his preparations
now for the journey.