Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1877-12-15

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an digest az 1T oblects Re@r the eye,
tbough at proI~.r distance, without rest az
< fres4u change at the visual focu-. as in
/ long and atssorbed novel reading. intense
study, or persistent diligence 10 needle
work.
4. The practice of reading or other
wise using the sight AZ too short range.
This results in part from insufficient light
OF from its faulty direction, So tina: the
hand or body throws shadow on the
page; or SO that the direct rays fall upon
the eye, causing undue contraction Of
the pupil, while the page is in a shadow.
1t results also from Improperly graded
desks, from small and poor type and in
ferior printing ink, and from faulty color
and quality of printing paper; also from
pale writing ink-pale when used-and
from the substitution of the lead-pencil
for the pen, especially in the evening.
S. A prone or forward position Of the
head too long maintained, or frequently
repeated, and becoming q habit. This
results from reading or studying with the
book in the lap,and from the use of desks
not graded to the height Of the pupil.
DR.. Howe reports pupils varying eighteen
inches in height seated at the same grade
of desks. The distance of the eye from
the page should not be less than twelve
nor more than eighteen inches. Having
the desks set too far from the seats also
induces this faulty position. The front
of the desk should overlap tho scat one or
two inches.
Donders says, "In the hygiene of my
opia the very first point is to guard
against working in STOPPING position"
He favors high, sloping desks, and indi-
Gates ''rectilinear drawing on fiat sur
face" as q class of work which is es-
pecially Objectionable.
q. Since a vitiated atmosphere is fire..
quent feature of the school room, it may
not be amiss to add here that the effect of
bad air is indirectly to injure, if not de-
stroy, the sight.
Z. Allowing a sun-glare on the page
while reading; also transitions from
cloud-shadow to sunshine.
8. Reading and studying in railroad
cars is known to be fruitful source of
injury.
.. But insufficient light, perhaps more
than any other cause, produces disease Of
the eye and arrangement of the vision.
This is not confined to the schools. Sadly
frequent as it is found to be there, it is
believed to be yet Oftener illustrated At
home. both by daylight and in the even
ing, in preparation for the school and
otherwise. Artificial illumination is
faulty at best, but, even in the most ia.
vored homes, the elder group is apt to
monopolize the shaded drop. light or
student-lamp, while the schoolboy with
his textbooks is found somewhere in the
outer circle.-From "Efecss Of Study on
tho Eyesight," in Popular Science Monshly.
CUsTARD PUDDINa.-Three eggs, two
thirds cupful sugar, four cupfuls milk,
salt and nutmeg to taste; beat the eggs,
add the sugar, milk, salt and nutmeg;
stir we'll together, and bake in an esrthen
pudding or vegetable dish set in q drip
ping pan of boiling water; bake two
hours in a moderately hot oven. To he
eaten cold.
BUxSs.-0oe-h half cup of butter, one-
half cup Of sugar, one half cup of yeast,
oae-hslf PANT of milk; mig these ingredi-
ents and se; in . ~s@ plses 10 rise six
hours, then odd aoar "a make o stiff -
possible, lot IL rise over nixaf. in the
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