The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1877-11-22

the whole.
ii Your young orchard has blank
spaces where trees have died. sun
ply new ones, and 70 NOT waLa
up after the living trees commence
bearing, and plant young whip, In
vacant spots.
he wheat pest. the "Hessian
Fly, has began it work I'm Cana
ia, and it raya4es are being felt to
an alarming extent. 1t has been
increasing III numbers during the
past three years, and it is feared
that, unless active measures are al
once taken, the pest viii devotion
INTO a terrible calamity.
Steers weighing 900 pounds. and
fatted for slaughter. Viii average
II their composition 80 pounds
water and 10 pounds Of dry sub
stance. the latter being composed
Of go pounds fat. l35 pound, DRY
nltrogcnous or fiesh-forming sub
stance and - pounds mineral mat
tiers.
This IS the season TO plant wheat.
rye. oats and barley. Our farmers
should make large sowings OF these
grains, for by 50 doing they will
advance their own prosperity and
the interests Of this section Of the
country more than by the cultiva-
ton Of cotton exclusively. \ far
mer ought to plant at least one
third Of his arabic lands in small
grains. -Inderson, Y. e., IntcIi-
gencer.
Rye will thrive on poorer land
than any other grain IN fact it
VIII pay a profit on any land. No
grain grown is so valuable or so
available to the farmer as rye. 1t
can be pastured at any season Of
the wear when not covered with
now can be used rs a fertilizer by
blowing under ; a be moved and
fed green, or dried for fodder or
can be used as a mulch for other
crops during seasons of droughS
and, finally, it may be allowed to
ripen, thus furnishing a double
crop in grain and straw.
According to Dr.. Thompson's
experiment 100 pounds of grass,
consumed by a COW daily, would
produce II pounds Of solid and Ii
quid manure ; 80 pounds of grass,
A pounds barley and plenty of wa
ter, would give rs pounds manure ;
IS pounds grass, s. pounds malt
with water as before, would yield
Sa-rounds of dung, while 254 pounds
hay with 1O9 pounds crushed malt,
would produce II pounds Of excre-
ment. The four experiments give
a daily average Of II pounds.
The best litter for box or stall
fed cattle is straw cut into three or
four-inch lengths, because the ma
nure thus made requires no turn
ing or preparation, again, the am
imals will be kept cleaner by such
bedding, from the fact that it is
easily turned over by the slightest
motion of their feet, and is contin-
ually presenting dry surfaces until
thoroughly saturated. Whole straw
becomes consolidated when trodden
or laid upon, and requires to be
frequently shaken up and re-
newed.
SCOT contains several valuable fer
tilizing elements, such as charcoal.
ammonia. muriatic acid. lime. mag
nesia. and other substances. The
chief matters contained IN SCOT are
the produce of vegetation. and are
also the natural food of plants.
California agriculturists are be
ginning to ave the straw Of their
crops, instead Of burning it. az
their custom has been. California
exported last wear over 80. 900, 600
pounds of wool. worth s.. 600. O0O.
There are several wool growers who
own from 10000 to 10, 900 sheep
each.
The Bishop of Hereford, in Eng
ldllU. NdS cAdllLIlhS ii oCiIoOI CldSo.
the other day. and. among other
things. asked what an average was.
Several boys pleaded ignorance, but
one at last replied, 1T is what a
hen laws on" This answer puz-
zled the Bishop not a little; but
the boy persisted IN it. stating that
he had read it in his little book of
facts. He was then told to bring
the little book. and. on doing 20.
lie pointed triumphantly to a para
graph commencing, a domestic
hen lays on an average fifty eggs
each year"
\ successful farmer living near
Mt. Mourne. IL Iredell county.
says he never loses his sweet pota-
toes after they are one put MP for
the winter. and this IS the way he
manages After placing the potd-