davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
Anthracite Coal and the Great
Com DaNieS.

OF the nineteen coleries in the vicinity of
Wilkesbarre only nine are running. This is
caused mainly by the fact that there are no
combination prices. The other ten have
been idle for nearly year, principally
because there has been no profit in running
them The nineteen collieries when running
employ about 5000 men, but now not more
than one half that number are employed.
The nine active coleries are running on
three-quarters time.
In the Lehigh region there are ten collie
ries running, all on threc-fourths time, en-
ploying about 5000 men.
The anthracite coal mining business in this
State is almost all in the hands of five great
companies, viz: The Pennsylvania Coal
Company, at Pittson; Delaware, Lackawanna
and Western, at Scranton; Delaware and
Hudson, at Scranton, Philadelphia and
Reading Coal and Iron Company, at Potts
vile, and the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Com
pany, at Wikesbarre.
When these companies are united in their
action they can control the supply and send
the price bl cOdi uO"u az "iii' Ou'
divided, the companies can do nothing at
the present ruinous rates.
The companies are now endeavorlng to
effect combination, but as yet nothing
definite has been effected, and so long as this
state of things exists there will be no profit
in coal mining.
The great companies long ago drove out
of the field the small or individual operators,
and now they appear to be in fair way to
drive each other out, unless they take the
| hint from their miners, and like them, CO.
operate.
These companies have for some time back
been endeavoring to effect a combination, by
which the prices and the quantity of coal
mined and sold by each company shall be
fixed at certain rate. But they all appear
to be afraid of each other, and all others
especially are afraid of Packer, who it is
alleged violated the last combination and
caused it to be broken up.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

On Saturday, 18th inst, the Hamilton
Cornet Band started from Sciota with a mum
Der OF sleighs, plenty of bells, flags, etc, to
pay friendly visit to the Bangor Band,
Bangor, Northampton county. On their
arrival they were most Hospitality received by
the Bangor Band and citizens generally,
theirevery want and desire being anticipated
and provided for The day was pleasantly
spent with appropriate music and social in
tercourse, ample justice having been done
to the wants of the inner man, which ''mine
host of the Brodway House understands to
perfection Late on Saturday evening the
baud returned to their homes all entertain
ing the highest opinion of the Bangor Band
and citizens generally.
At meeting of the band upon its return
home it was unanimously
''Resolred That the thanks of the Hamil-
ton Cornet Band are hereby rendered to the
Bangor Band and citizens generally. for their
generous hospitality and kind considerations
on Saturday, January 18th, 1877" Also
''Resolced, That an invitation is hereby
cordially given to the Bangor Band to pay
US visit that we may in part, at least, re-
ciprocate their kindness and hospitality.
BY order of the Hamilton Cornet Band.
SILAs FRANTZ, Sec'y.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
A Duel That Was AL a Cod

Bennett has sailed for Europe and a tele-
gram from Baltimore says: ''The rumors
that Fred. May was hit are absolutely
unfounded. They are authoritatively
contradicted here by persons who have
seen him, May stated before leaving this
city that he was Of the opinion Bennett's 5
bali did not come within ten feet of him.
With his cousin and surgeon he has left
for parts unknown in order to avoid arrest.
Since the real facts have been ascertaincd
at the Maryland Club the interest in the
duel is rapidly dying out
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

WE have received the January number of
Leisure Hours, handsome mammoth l6
page ga columns) family paper, filed with
the choicest literature-serial aud short
stories, sketches, poetry, wit, humor, &c, &c.
1t is entertaining, amusing and instructive,
and isone of the cheapest papers-the amount
and quality of matter considerable we
have seen. The price is $l.20 per year, in-
Guiding as premium genuine fhe-line steel
engraving, called The Mitheress BARN,
printed on 22x2S plate paper which the pub
fishers claim in superior in point of merit and
attractiveness to any premium ever otferd by
any other paper in this country, and is alone
worth the money asked for both
The publishers, j. j.. Patten & Co., l6c
William street, New York, authorize US tc
say, that in order to introduce the paper il
this vicinity they make a special offer tC
every one of our readers to send them the
paper-a trial trip" of four months, post
paid, commencing with the January numbe
for 25 cents.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

On Wednesday last, Jacob L. Houser,
ofSolomon Rapids, Mitchell county, Kansas,
a former resident of this county, called on
us, ard we were glad to see him. This is
Mr. HIS first visit since he moved west
27 years ago last April. He will remain
among us for some time.
Mr. Frank Coolbaugh, of Hoboken, n
j., was enjoying brief respite from the
arduous duties of general dispatcher of the
d, L. & w. r. r., by visiting friends in
this place on Monday last.
Miss Molly Hockenberry, of Hacketts
town, n. j., who has been spending several
days with the family of j. L. Wyckof, Of
this place, left for her home on Monday
last
Mr. Jacob l.. Wyckoff and lady, started
for Brooklyn, n. Y, on a visit, to friends
and will be absent for ten or fifteen days.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
TRIAL BY JURY.

A bill is now pendingin the Legislature
comforting jurisdiction on the separate Or
phans' Courts of this State to Try issue OF
fact before jury on disputed or contested
wills and coguate branches. The measure
provides, inter ala, that in all cases where
a contest arises on the facts as to the max
ing of a will, the competency of the testator
and kindred matters, the parties shall have
the right of trial by jury. Upon such de-
mand the clerk Of the court shall prepare a
list of forty-eight citizens, and furnish the
same to the counsel, who shall thereupon
have the right to challenge alternately
thirty-six of the number SO named, the re-
manning twelve to be summoned on d
precept issued by the court OF these
twelve each party is to have the right Of
peremptory challenge for cause, the vacancy
thus created to be supplied by the issuing
of further preccpt or venire. 1t is also
provided that the judge may himself strike
off such person or persons as he may think
untitled or disqualified by reason of finirmity
relationship, &c,
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

The poverety of some of the European
governments should induce them to keep
the peace. The Buget of Austria for 1871
hasJust been submitted, and exposes deficit
of $4,000, 900 FORMS nearly sl3,000,00O
in gold. This is s2,000,000 better than
last year, but deficits are not the sinews Of
war. Roumania and Servia are no better
off than Austria, and RusSias fiscal condi-
ton is as weak as any when the dispropor-
ton is considered between the lead she
would have to play in war and the resources
of her treasury
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Commodore Vanderbilt's estate, as eSti--
mated from the provisions of HIS will, Was
over 60,0O0,O00. He made no public
bequets whatever, and the entire amount
goes to his family. Thrce-fourths of the
whole is bequaathed to his favorite son,
William H. Vanderbilt, who succeeds to
the control of the Vanderbilt railroads.
The remainder, Sl5,000,000, is divided
among his other children and grand child
ren. The old gentleman has left little be-
hind to preserve his memory in the hearts
Of the people.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

A SwINDLER.-The public are cautioned
against barefaced scoundrel who turns uI
first in one part of the country and then in
another, representing himself as our agent
for an illustrated newspaper called Home
and Fireside, which is published by George
StinsOn Il Co., Portland, Maine. He gives
receipts purporting to come from the pub
fishers, but he had them printed himself
and signs to them first one name and ther
another. To most of his dupes he promises
framed chromos or framed oil paintings
He changes his name and locality almos
daily. The names he has last been operat
ing under are Lewis Sykes, Charles Lewis
and Lewis Clark. This fellow has hund
red and one names and dodges; he is ;
young man and a smooth talker. Let tn,
public beware of him, aud let them lool
with suspicion on the canvasser for any
publication who offers it for less than tn,
published price, and who offers to throw il
framed pictures and other goods not Offered
in the paper. In leaving place, tn,
scoundrel always forgets to pay his boarC
bill. He is using a receipt now Will
George Stinson & Son printed across tn
end. The price of the paper is $3.50 pc
year for the weekly edition, and 81 pc
year for the monthly, but he will promis
to send the weekly for one year for twenty
five cents if he eau't get anymore.
j
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

The day heretofore named having been
stormy and roads almost impossible, it has
been decided that donation will be given
the Rev. g. Roth, at the parsonage, Hamil-
ton Square, on Monday, January Goth, 1877,
afternoon and evening. Should the day be
stormy the donation viii be held the first
fair day thereafter All are cordially invited
to attend On the same day at clock
p M, meeting of the Church Councils
comprising the Hamilton Charge, will be
held at the Hamilton Church.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
THE great snow storm on the lakes last

THE great snow storm on the lakes last
week SO blocked the railroads in Northern
New York that no cattle trains have been
sent from Buffalo since Saturday, and none
will be shipped on the New York Central
before Thursday. On the Erie road the
shipments will be light. At the East But
ialo yards there are 200 cars of cattle, 90
of hogs and 80 of sheep. Western stock
generally arriving at Buffalo it is from
twenty to twenty four hours behind time,
and in bad condition.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
GREAT DAMAGE BY ICE AT PITTS.
BUKG.
s., 100000 WORTH PROPERTY SWEPT
AWAY.

The heavy ice gorge from the upper Mo-
nongahela, which broke loose Saturday
afternoon. reached Pittsburg at 6 o'clock
Sunday morning, doing great damage to
the coal and steamboat interest of the place.
Two passenger and seven tug boats were
sunk, and large number of tow boats badly
damaged. An immense number of coal
flats laden and empty were carried away,
aud it is feared that several lives were lost.
\ rough estimate Of loss puts the figures
at S2.000,000 The coal works along the
Monongahela were so badly wrecked that
it will require two months to repair the
damages.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Mrs. LEONoRA BRoDHEAD, wife of l.. W.
Brodhead, esq, proprietor of the well known
Water Gap House, died on. Thursday morn
ing last, after a lingering Illness, aged about
40 years. Her funeral took place on Monday
last, on which occasion the Rev. Mr.. Knipe
delivered an able and impressive sermon to
a large concourse of relatives and friends.
Rev. Van Allen, of Middle Smithfeld, and
Rev. j. l.. jenkins, of Shawnee, were also
present and took part in the exercises. y
large number of citizens from this place
attended the funeral.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
A Day Of Terrible Fatality.

During the past month, Newark, n j.,
has had one or more serious coasting acci-
dents nearly every day. On Saturday
afternoon, two boys dashed into lumber
wagon one will die and the others leg is
broken. Two hours after young man
dashed into milk wagon, smashed his jaw
bone, and will die. In the evening, boy
of lG ran into Il railrord train and dicl
soon after
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

THE Bloomsbury Columbian says: John
Seybert is at present in jail here charged
with stealing horses, mules, hogs and other
property, aud also with killing the above
mentioned animals, 1t is reported that no
less than fifteen tails of horses were found
under Seyberts barn. He is also accused
of selling the flesh. ss these batohered'
horses and mules under the names of yenl,
son and dried beef Pleasant for lovers ot'
beef and deer.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

1t is stated in the New York papers that
the Reading Coal and Iron Company has
mortgagcd all its property, wherever situa-
ted, to raise money to meet interest and
other pressing obligations. 1t is also re-
ported that the Indebtedness Of the corpora
ton has increased S2,000,000 during last
year The bonds of the company were
recently quoted at Go per cent.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

BSS~ The Republican members of the
House Committee sent to investigate elec
tion matters in Florida say that they are
well satisfied that the vote OF the State was
rightly given to Hayes and Wheeler. The
Democrats on the committee will doubtless
report the other way, for that is what they
went for, but the hope of the Tildenites
that they would be able to overturn the
electoral vote has evidently failed.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
Fire at Belvidere, N. J.

On Wednesday morning last, the old
Drug store, Hotel and Bakery, on Water
street, Belvidere, N. j., were destroyed by
fire. The fire broke cut at clock. The
fire was put out by steamers from Phillips
burgh, n. j., and Easton, Pa.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Governor Hayes receives letters almost
every day threatening him with the fate of
Lincoln if he does not get out of the way,
and many Of them bear evident marks OF
sincerity. Thus it seems that bull-dozing'
Democrats do not confue their operations
to Louisiana.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

An argument was made before Governor
Hartranft and Attorney General Lear, on
Friday last, upon the question of granting
a requisition on the Governor Of California
for the return to Harrisburg of John A.
Bigler, late vice-president Of the defunct
City Bank. Decision was reserved.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

OK Friday last a party consisting of Sim
Flory, Fred. Ruff, George Barnet, DR.. Shull,
John White, sgd Dreher and West. Dea
caught 10 suckers and one pickerel on Brod
heads creek, near Fishers crossing. The
suckers were very fine ones, one measuring
l6 inches in length. The pickerel caught
weighed pounds. Lucky fishermen.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

DANIEL SMITH, the torpedo man, who
was blown into atoms at petrolia, few
days since, carried a S400 gold watch.
The main spring is all that has been found.
Not a splinter of the wagon has been dis
covered. Only about fifteen pounds Of the
remains of Smith and his partner Humph-
reys could be found on which to hold an
inquest.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

In the United States Court, at Chicago
Monday last, John ]. Blair, the Delaware,
Lackawanna and Western Railroad and
other persons and corporations filed bill for
the foreclosure of a mortgage of three million
dollars on the Chicago and Pacific Railroad.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

A GOOD many people in Stroudshurg are
discontinuing the use of gas.
TWENTY SIX millions in. fractional cur
rency are yet outstanding
HARRISBURG gas has been reduced to
50 per thousand feet.
AN exchange remarks that slip-ups are
still prevalent
PHILADELPHIA has 1914 delinquent
taxpayers
BALTMoRE's debt is fourteen and a hall
millions.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Mr.. ". J. THOMPSON has rented the
splendid store room of Ex Sheriff Marsh on
Main street, in this borough, and purposes
on the first of April next, to stock the same
with carpets, dry goods, etc.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

THE joint of the water pipe at the corner
of Main and Franklin streets, in this borough,
one day last week sprung leak which
caused quite flow of water for short time.
The defect was speedily remedied by DIR.
Cloud.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

The latest victim is the Monroe Demo
erat. 1t has also got an attack of that
miserable fraud 'Ihe Ulster County
Gazettep printed in 1900, and giving an
account of the death and burial of Wash
ington The Democrat promises to give
extracts ''next week. This is the worst
bite yet Honesdate Herald.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

GRAND Hoe RoAsT-By an accident
on the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad at
Vienna, Ohio, January 3D., a westward
bound freight train was run into and the
cars fired. Three hundred live hogs were
roasted
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Bsg> The Legislature of this State has been
in session for several days, and very little
business transacted up to this date Among
the bills introduced in the Senate is one
absolutely prohibiting any waiver of the $500
exemption law by Debtors except when for
mally acknowledged before Justice or other
qualified officer This is an act which seems
likely IN mass
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Outstanding national bank notes:
Currency, s3t9,2l9,205; gold notes
S2,O97 $780,. The receipts of national bank
notes last week for redemption were so,'
065, 900. The Treasury now hold $685.,
993, 700 in bonds to secure national bank
circulation, and sl9,662, 900 to secure
pubic deposits. ~
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

MARTIN MEYERS, aged sixty years, froze
to death on the sidewalk, at Easton, on
Friday night last. The deceased was a
bOne-picker, and is supposed to have fallen
from the window of stable where he usu-
ally slept, in front of which he was found.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

THIS being the year Of the triennial
assessment, assessors are required under
the law of 1874 to assess all property
exempt from taxation-such as bridges,
churches school houses etc, in order that
the County Commissioners can make their
report to the Secretary of Internal Affairs
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

c. S. PALMER has been awarded the con
tract for rebuilding Bells bridge and the
bridge in this borough over McMichaels
creek. His patent bridge has been adopted
in both cases
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

The auditors of this County are still
actively engaged with the County accounts
and expect to finish this week Messrs.
Silas i. Drake, Esqr., of Stroud township
John E. Snyder, of this Borough, and
Adam A. Singer, of Jackson township,
compose the board Of auditors
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

BARNUMN's 'ex-Lighting calculator
W. S. Hutchins by name, is now Baptist
preacher. Another prominent arithmetic
man, Lerah Colburn, has become a metho
dist minister
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

On the first of April next, Mr. John Car
mer of this place will take the store stand
now occupied by Jacob McNeal, at Bossards-
vile and engage in the mercantile business.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

THE summer residence of Madam Ponisi
at Milford, together with its entire contents,
was destroyed by fire on Sunday 1t is
insured in the Fire Association, of Philadel
mia.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

On Saturday last, p S. Posten, of this
borough, favored quite a number of children
with sleigh ride of an hour through the
principal streets of this borough The little
ones were highly delighted with the ride.
Right, "Shanty," do so again.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Our ice dealers have their houses filed
with fine ice, and the boys are in hopes that
they will get a chance to skate elsewhere
than on the sidewalks.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

A Donation will be given Rev. Nj
Harris, at the Parsonage, near the Brick
Church, Middle Smith6eld, on Tuesday
afternoon and evening, Janunry 23d, 1877
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

JUDGE DREHER has appointed Charles B.
Staples, Esq, to examine the accounts of
the Prothonotary and Register for the past
year. A good appointment.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Two of the fre-plugs in this borough
were frozen up on Friday evening last
On Saturday the management succeeded in
getting them open again.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

SIXTY sleds were counted at one time re
Gently between Clarion and Elk City loaded
with lumber
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18
DouatiOnS.

A donation will be given on the 25th inst
at the Presbyterian Parsonage, at Shawnee,
for the benefit of the pastor, Rev. j. L.
Jenkins The public are cordially invited.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

THE sign must be down remarked ;
young lady the other evening asshe fell on th'
icy pavement in front of Dreher Bros dru:
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Mr.. Oils B. GORDON will open sub
scription school at the Ann Street School
House on Tuesday, March Goth.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

A LARGE number of sparrows have taken
up quarters among the chickens in our
hen house.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Twenty nine foreign nations have presen
ted their Centennial exhibits to the United
States. President Grant thinks they ought
to be collected in permanent exhibition.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Our thanks are due A. X. Mcclure and
A. Wilson Norris for copy of THE Times
Almanac for 1877.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Ba- The harbor at Philadelphia has been
kept open this hard winter so that vessels
have been able to come and go with very
little detention. Score one for the Ph;ladel-,
p.iians
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

THE Hon. William A. Wheeler is in
Washington, d. c., having just arrived from
Ohio, where he has been on a visit to
Governor HAYES
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

Riots in the anthracite coal regions cos
the State $S5, ,23l last year.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

The funeral of Lucille Western and her
niece, who died two weeks ago, took place
on Monday, at Boston.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

BERKs county farmers are loaning money
to their County Commissioners at five pei
cent
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

E. w. HAMLIN has been elected President
of the Wayne County Agricultural Society.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

HENRY WARD BEECHER lectured al
Hackettstown, N. j., on the 10th inst.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

FIFTY-FoUR prisoners are confined in the
Easton jail.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

TREET's Ointment for Frozen Feet, at
Hollinshead's Drug Store ll-lmf.
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

ss- If you want letter bill-heads neatly printed,
at cheap rates. bring your work to TIE JEFFERsoNIAN
off
The Jeffersonian. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1853-1911, 1877-01-18

KEEP your pavements free from ice and
snow.