Arizona citizen., 1877-12-07
THE TELEPHONE.
Its Practical Workings In the MOun- taIns and Mines--A Great Aid to Divers.

! ability to perform the wC nders of which it's inventor claImed it was capable, but the resent practical tests to which the telephone has been subjected has prov en it to be 8 most useful and important invention. The principle upon which the telephone IS constructed, is per haps but little more intricate than that of the telegraph. But to operate telegraph requires months of constant and arduous practice, while all who can speak, can operate the telephone
 On the 26th ultImo a practical ex- hibition of this wonderful invention was had in Los Angeles under the supervision of Lieutenant Philip Reade, Acting Signal Officer in charge of the Military Telegraph lines in California and Arizona, who In connection with Sergeant Howgate, established tele- phonic line between the parlors of the St. Charles and Lafayette Hotels.
 Of this exhibition the Los Angeles Republican says:
 The rooms were soon centres of at traction for curious people, and the merits of the invention, together with the Lieutenant's patience, were tested often and by many inquirers. Both stood the ordeal perfectly and the visi- tors were very much entertained and instructed.
 The invention Is known as Bells Hand Telephone, and consists of wood en cases, somewhat similar in shape to a goblet, attached to a wire. Inside the upper portion of each case IS cir cular piece of sheetiron, two inches in diameter and one fittieth of an inch in thickness. Directly under, but separa- ted from this metallic disc, is a small bObbin, wound with insulated wire of very fine texture, resting in turn upon permanent magnet. With the ap- pliances thus arranged, electricity ex- ists only in a static or latent state. The disc is just far enough removed from the bobbin to be beyond the reach of |
 its attractive power, or, as It IS general ly expressed, outside of its field. When the mouth IS applied to the aperture and a word spoken, the utterance pro duces what are known as sound waves" which cause the metallic disc to vIbrate and fall within the field of the magnet, completing and breaking the circuit as would be done by the opening and closing of telegraphic key on a Morse instrument.
 A fundamental principle of electrici- ty is that by its appliance the exact motions communicated to an instru- ment at one end of the line will be produced at the other. This is one of the principles of the Morse system, ex- emplified in our city daily.
 The receiving telephonic instrument being exactly the same as the sending, the current produces the same vibra- tions on the disc close to the listeners ear, as were originally caused in the sending instrument, and the disc being enclosed in a case produces the sounds which were first uttered, or the exact language of the far-off speaker.
 It is not necessary to speak loud, but slowly and distinctly. When no one was sTeaking we could detect laughter Tn the parlor across the street, and recognized a friends voice when he be- gan to speak at the other end,
 Lieutenant Reade will take his in struments to San Diego, where he will experiment upon this wonderful inven tion, winch, if brought to the perfec- ton its friends are hopeful of, may one day be made to produce the most min ute sound at the greatest distance.
 The practical workings of Mir. Bells telephone, was shown to a distinguish ed company Of scientific men at the Centennial Exhibition, over a circuit of several miles of wire, and in April 1877, a series of concerts were given in Steinway Hall, New York, through the medium of telephone invented by Prof. Elisha Gray, the music being transmitted over the wires from the operating-rosms of the Western Union Telegraph Co.,, in Philadelphia.
 The Territorial Enterprise, of Neva- da, devotes considerable space to the operations of this invention in the Sierras which we condense as follows:
 A telephone has been attached to the telegraph wires leading from the office of the Virginia and Gold Hill Water Company 10 a station at Lake Tahoe, thirty miles away Heretofore the wire has been utilized in working print ing telegraph. Conversation is carried on with perfect ease, and every word is heard as distinctly as one sitting in the Consolidated Virginia office can hear what is said on the 1850 level of the mine by means of the telephone in use there.
 Wires will probably yet be run from this city 10 the mills and big fumes up in the mountains; also to the mills on the Carson river. We certainly have taken quite step in utilizing the tele- phone in this region by reaching up into the Sierras with 1t.
 Of the telephone as an aid to divers, luC OiuSAuldtl LuVu ulaNA says" Jbuu IT. Guyre, the submarine diver, with the assistance of J. V. Shiras, solicitor for Bells telephone, last week made some experiments with the telephone under water. Divers have always eager ly desired a reliable means of com municatiOn with those above them. The telephone test was made in the river where tue COvlngton Waterworks pipes are being laid. The smaller tel ephone, the one used for receiving, was placed within the dress, lying up- cn the divers chest and near his mouth. This enabled him to get his mouth near enough to talk, but was very dis advantageous for hearing. Insulated wires connected thIs instrument with the one above. MT. Guyre descended to a depth ofeighteen feet, Everything ba oaid vras distincflv heard He fouud