davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

Arkansas river. Hattie NoHland..........5 pm
81. Francis river. Mark TWain...........5 pm
st. Louis, John b. Maude.~-...............5 pm
ARRIVALS.
Steamer Hattie Rowland, Pittsburg.
John B Moude, V~icksburg.
Hard Cash, White river.
Msumelle, Arkansas river.
City Of Vicksburg, St. Louis
Carl Schurz, Scsnlan's Land'g
U. ?. Schenck, Cincinnati.
DEPARTURES.
Steamer Phil Allin, Riverton.
Coahoma, Friar's Point.
0sceola Belle, Ashport.
City Of Vicksburg, Vicksburg
U. P. Schenck, New Orleans.
BOATS IN FORT
Hattie Rowland, Hard Cash, Mark
Twain, Andy Baum, Maumelle, Carl
Schnrz.
Condition or the Rivers.
The river here declined 5 inches
in the "a hours ending at noon to-
day, and now stands IL feet , inches
above low water mark. AT st.
Louis the decline was l inch, with
IA feet on the gauge; at Cairo the
decline was G inches, with Is feet on
the gauge; at Pittsburg 0 inches,
with IL inches on the gauge; at
Cincinnati it rose z inches, with S
feet 5 inches on the gauge; at
Louisville it is stationary, with 4
feet s inches in Che canal al
Evansville it is declining, with 4
feet 8 inches on the gauge, and A
feet G inches in the channel from
there out to Cairo. The Arkansas
is receding at Little Rock, with
feet on the gauge. The White is
falling with a good steamboat stage
of water from Jacksonport to the
mouth.
BlsceIlaneOus.
A good rain last night.
Fair business doing on the leveC
for Tuesday.
Sternwheelers will take the place
of the long-fellows in the Ohio
river on account of low water.
The crops in the bends are in
splendid condition. The planters
are in good spirits, and large yield
is anticipated.
The Centennial for st. Louis
passed Vicksburg yesterday.
A heavy rain and wind storm
passed over Little Rock last even
ing.
The Glencoe left New Orleans
last evening for st. Louis.
The ALI Stevens left st. Louis
last evening for Memphis.
The Cons Millar for Cincinnati.
passed Evansville yesterday.
The Charles Morgan left Cairo
! yesterday for Cincinnati,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
NEUTsCHER BRUDER-HUND.

DEUTsoHER BRUDER-BBND - meets LIST Sunday
q each month at2 o'clock PM, at Cochran
tall. f.. q. Schaper, Pres't; q. A. Junker-
mann, Vice rest; W. Glaentzer, Seo'y; II.
W. Schultze. Ireas'r; Aug Zwoiiel and John
llandwerker, Sick Committee fer Northern
Divisions; John Wendell and John Marglo,
sick Committee for Southern Division.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
OLD FOLKS.

OLD FOLKS HISTORICAL SocIRrY-meets a,
No. l6 Madison street basement, the Isl
Tuesday in each menth. W. y. Waldran.
Pres't; p. Prescott. Sec'y; J.. G. Lonsdale,
Treas.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
Tuesday, 21st day Of August, 1877,

in legal hours, in fro1t Of the Court-heuse.
Memphis, Tenn, proceed to sell, to the high
est bidder for cash, the following described
property, to-wlt:
A house and lot, being tho same property
recovered by Betsy Winchester, Mary Dayton
and A. Dayton in an action Of eiectment in
the First Circuit Court, April 81, 1875, by YER
dict Of a jury and judgment subsequently en- .
tered in case No. 1898, Trial Docket, which
real estate is In Shelby county, and in the city
Of Memphis, and is more particularly de-
scribod as being q small house and lot in the
rear of the house in which Betsy Winchester
resides, n is part OF lot 1856 ns known and
designated on the plan of Memphis, being on
tho west side Of Second street, and Is twenty
eight feet fronting on Second street by ferty
feet back, being the north part or end of tho
part Of said lot 285 fronting sixty-two feet on
Second street by a depth Of forty feet on Com
merce, it being the house and lot oe upiod by
said Daytons for several years, and up 10 tho
trial OF the ejectment suit.
Levied on as the property of defendant.
Betsy Winchester, to satisfy said Judgment
interest and costs.
Memphis. Goth day of July, 1877,
G. l.. ANDERSON,
Sheriff of Shelby county. Tenn.
,. NJ. Burrvw, Atty for Plaintiff.
l25-l3l-lS7
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
Sherilfs Sale of Real Estate,

DUBLI0 NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN.
i that by virtue Of n venditioni exponas to
me directed from the Honorable Circuit Court
Of Shelby county. Tenn. in the case of b. Nj.
Burrows VS.. Betsy Winchester and Louisa
winchester, Judgment rendered. on the LIST day
Of June. 1876. ior the sum of enc hundred
dollars, with interest AMI costs of suit, to sat
isiy said Judgment, etc.. / will, on
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

II ANIlNA
- TTIeE.HTk
NAT0MA TEHPLE OF II. AND I. UHINJH
No, l-meets every Friday even EMNh
lnR at 5 O'Clock at Temperance irI-JRH
Hall, No. 296 Second street.
j. IL. Thompson, W, @. T.; Earle CAN'T, w.
v. T.; Q. A.. s. Richardson. W. r.; O. K.
Shepherd, W. A. R.; W. ii. Harris, w. F. R.;
Bun r. Price. w IT,; 7. r. Callahan, W. u;
o. Olsen, W. d. u; W. W. Caps, W. g..
d. O. McDougal. WIS.
THALEs Temple OF II. AND T. No. 4-meets
every Thursday evening NJ III o'clock at ball,
No. 1913 Second st. W. IL. Atkinson, W. @. IT,;
j. l.. Bourne, W. v. T.; Chaa. <. Gebhardt.
W. R.; Peter Engles, W. A. Ri J. Callahan,
W. +. r.; Jonathan Wood, W. r.; q. Salem,
. W. u; j. o. Barbee, W. D. o.; Geo. Ram
soy. W. g.; John d. Cox, jr.. W. 8.
CHELSEA TEMPLE OF II. AND 7, No. 2-meots
every Tuesday evening at 5 o'clock, at their
al, Brick Church, Chelsea. W. N, Carr.
W, 9. T.; R. T. White, W. V. T.. Chas. II.
Lanham, W. R.; q. r. Dawson, W. A.. R.;
i, G.. Williams, W. +. r.; J.. +. Chandler,
w. T.; II, Whoadley, W. U.iR. j. Rawlings.
W. D. u; g. X. Egnew, W. g.; !. lsaacs,
W.. s.; e.. u. Colby. P. w. @. Il.
MoETGOMgRY COUNCIL No. /, 7. A. N S
T.-mcets FIRST and third Saturday in each
month in Temperance Hall. at ~ O'Clock
pm. Horace II. Briggs, G.. Of c.; G. A. S.
Richardson, Il.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

PADUCAH AND MEMPHIS RAILROAD.
Mail Train arrives................ ........ $50 am
4 w D. N
The mail train leaves Covington for Mem
nhis at 7 am. and arrives at CoVington at
6 80 pm. Trains leaving Memphis will start
from the Underwriters' Warehouse.
J.W. WILBUR, Sup't.
Il. II. GIVEN, Asst. Sup't.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
sMPHIs AND LITTLERoCK RAILROAD

5leepig cars on mail train. Ticket Offices,
louisville Depot, 2S7 Main tcOr. Madisonl
and 27B Main street.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
RIVER INTELLIGENCE.

BOATS LEAVING TO DAY.
Arkansas river. Hattie NOWland~........5 pm
st. Francis river. Mark Twain............5 pm
st. Louis, John b. Maude..................5 pm
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07
RAILROAD TINE B

MEMPHIS AND LOUISVILLE RAILROAD.
Arrives. Leaves.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

Depot at head OF Main street.
Ticket office. 27 Main street. corner of
Madison.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

MEMPHIS AND cHAKL sSTON 4. R.
Arrives. Leaves.
- -
An. Pm. AN Pm.
Mall train daily. ..--.~~12.06 10.25
Express train daily-....... $50 u.55
Somerville train daily
lex. Sunday .....-......... 81. 800
Ticket Office Us Main street.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

NEw YORK. August7 2. 1885 p.m.-Ootten is
dull, with futures heavy. Sales for future do
livery. Is 800 bales.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE R. R.
Arrives. Leaves.
- =-
AN. Pm. An. Pm:
N. 0. Mail (dailyl.~..... 100 800
Freight and accOmmoda-
ton daily ~ex.Sunday)- $50 s so
Depot ut loot of Main street.
Ticket Office, Isl Main street. corner Of
Modison. NJ. BURKE, Gen. Sup't.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1877-08-07

20
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
CAPITAL NEWS.
Recagnition of the Diaz Government.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 17.-Senor Mata, now
In this city as representative of the Diaz
government of Mexico, has received letter
from Gen. Benevides, the Mexican general
who commands the Mexican forces on the
Rio Grande. 1t is stated that he is preparing
report to be submitted to his government
upon the recent occurrences on the border.
It will take some time to complete it, The
report, he says, will be exhaustive, but after
he has finished It, he will come to Washing
ton and, together with Senior Mata, call on
the President and Secretary Evarts, and urge
the recognition of Diaz by the United States
government. Senior Mata is of the opinion
that his government will soon be recognized,
as recent events On the border have demon
strated beyond doubt the willingness of Daz
to conform strictly to the terms of the extra
dition treaty, to suppress Mexican raids into
Texas and to carry out all international extra
ditions.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18

Yesterday afternoon the heavy, cumuIus clouds
that had been gathering for some time. giving
portent Of the approach OF storm, broke and q
heavy rain set in, accompanied by severe gale
from the east. The danger signal had been fly
ing for some time at the Custom House as warn
ing 70 mariners. and it's truthfnlness was fully
vindicated, for by 5 o'clock the wind had in
creased much. A reporter of the DEMOCRAT
visited the lake during the evening and found
the water rising and heavy sea running, break
ing their force ON the revetment leyee. 30
great were these huge white caps sev-
eral schooners were detained in the New
canal not daring to venture ont. Old sailors ont
there we're uneasy over the prospect OF the night.
and prognosticsted an overflow as the easterly
wind blowing drives the water out OF the Gulf
into the lake. backing mp that Of the canals which
were already swollen by the rains. As this is
about the timeSto expect the eguinoctial storm
considerable anxiety Was expressed for vessels
out in the Gulf, and as out there it is generally
severe We may expect TO hear Of it's effects to-day
At the time Of writing the rain is unabated, but
the wind has lulled considerably.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
CREEDMOOR.
THE CONTEST AT THE INTERSTATE
RIFLE MATCH.
The Amat ateur Rifle Club Of New York Car.
ries Off the Prize by score of SIS
In n Possible 200.


CREEDMooR Sept. 1.-THE Interstate long
range match teams of four, distances 800, 900
and 1000 yards, fifteen shots at each distance,
commenced to-day. The teams entered were
the Crescent City Rifle Club, the Massachu-
setts Rifle Club, the Amateur Rifle Associa-
tiou of New York, the Columbia Rifle Asso-
citation of Washington, the Parthan Rifle
Club of Hudson, and the Hackensaek Rifle
Association of New Jersey.
The shooting was to have commenced at 9
O'Clock, but the weather was unpropitious, a
strong east wind blowing all the time. At
nine minutes to IL the warning gun was given'
aud shortly thereafter the contest began.
The shooting was rapid and close.
| The scores at 800 yards were as follows:
| Crescent City Team-Selph 67, Glynn II,
Eyrlch 50, Arms 65; total 272 Selph made a
bulls-eye on the wrong target on his thir-
teenth shot, scoring q miss.
Amateur Club-Dakin u, Jewell II, Allen
| II, Weber 7O-total 1884,
Columbia Club-Karkless g. Bell 3d. Lacid
g. Brunswade 66-total $50.
Massachusetts Club-Jackson 6S, Wemyss
II, Clarke GS, Hibbard 59-total AGA.
Parthian Club-Geiger 10, Sargent 65, Jones
67, Dannager 65-total 267.
| Hackensack Club-Fish So, Hyde 63, Elmens
dorf 50. Lamb 69-total 26O.
Grenhll and Feguson of the British team
coached for the Columbias, as they were
new to the range. The New Orleans Club used
Japanese sights to Indicate the direction o.
the wind.
At 40 p. m. the shooting at 900 yards
commenced and resulted as follows: Cres
cent City Club, 272; Amatuer Club 271
Columbia Club 1858; Massachusetts Club, 275
Parthian 269; Hackensack, 240. The shoot
ing at this distance required more skill thar
was ever called for over this range, owing
to the shifting wind which puzzled the
coachers.
The result Of the 1000-yard range was as
follows: Crescent City Club 228, Amateur
Club 27O, Columbia 232, Massachusetts Clut
246 Parthian 244, Hackensack 252.
The grand total at all the ranges was as
follows: Crescent City Club 772. Amateur
s25, Columbus Club 1856, Massachusetts, Clut
7S5, Parthian 780, Haekensack 725; the prizes
being won by the Antaeur Rifle Club.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
Chicago Items,

CHICAGO Sept. H-The suit of the city of
Chicago against DAVID A. Gage and his bonds
men, to recover the amount due the city from
the ex-treasurer, was on the trial calendar for
to-day before Judge Booth, Of the Criminal
Court, and by consent Of all parties was post
poned until November 5.
This morning Messrs. Lawrence, Ballen-
tine & Steele, composing the crooked distil-
lery company, appeared before Judge Blon-
gate and gave bonds in the sum of $500, the
same being the valuation of the goods in
their establishment fixed by the court and
ordered to be paid by the United States.
This distillery was seized by the government
last May on account of alleged crookedness.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
THE WEATHER YESTERDAY.
A Gale ON the Southwestern Coast

Gale ON the Southwestern Coast.
The following is the Temperature" at the
various points named, as reported by the
Signal Service kilograms furnished by Ser
geant Brown, OF the Signal Bureau, and indi-
eating the state Of the temperature at the
points named, at 8 D. m. yesterday:
Cairo 68 degrees, Cincinnati 6e, Galveston
-, Keokuk Sc, Lacrosse 81, Leayenworth G8,
Louisville 65, Memphis 66 Nashville 6s.
Omaha 64, Pittsburg 62, Shreveport 60, st.
Louis 6S, st. Paul So, Vicksburg ~. Yankton
ID. T. G4, Augusta tGa.) 80, Corsicana nex.)
79, Mobile 81, Montgomery 81, Savannah So,
New Orleans SO, and Key West 88.
Rain was reported yesterday at Corsicana
and Indianola, Texas; Memphis, Nashville,
Shreveport, Vicksburg and at Mobile A gale
was reported at Indianola, and the Galveston
wires were reported blown down by storm
which drove the water to the top Of the
wharves
The following were the variations of tenn
perature, according to the Thermometer
Fahrenheit) at DuhameI's store, on Canal
street, yesterday:
6 a. M, 81; 10 noon, 81; p. m., Sc; CD.
m, so,
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18

New YORK, Sept. 17.-Geo H. Wade and
Frank Prince swan race, said to be for $780,
at Coney Island yesterday. The distance was
called three miles. They wore light trunks,
and were taken out in row boats. At :52
O'Clock Wade started, and four minutes later
Prince followed; that advantage being
allowed Wade on account of the superiority
i'm length between them. Wade is nineteen
years old, weighs 1853 pounds, is five feet
seven inches and half in height. Prince is
thirty three years Of age, and weighs 21O
pounds, and is six feet five inches in height.
A rather heavyswell was running but the
swimmers got along rapidly. Prince gained
steadily on Wade but could not catch him.
When about 100 yards from shore Wade had a
cramp. One Of the judges threw off his coat,
vest and hat and stood in the bow of the boat,
ready to jump into the water, but Wade re-
covering himself, withPrince almost on him,
made a strong effort and reached the beach
five lengths ahead. The time was 38 minutes.
He was heartily cheered. Neither of the men
were exhausted by the race.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18

Jere Black Protests Against n Great
Standing Army.


Judge Jere 8. Black writes as follows
to Pittsburg editor: 1t cannot be-
necessary to tell you or any other sensi-
ble man that this country will never con-
sent to be governed by q standing army
until the people make up their minds to
abandon republican institutions utterly,
and submit without murmuring to am
absolute despotism. The enemies OK
liberty on both sides OF the water have
offered many excuses for maintaining
large armies in time Of peace, but never
anything SO weak as that they set up
now. Hundreds Of thousands OF labor
ers find themselves unable to protect
| themselves and their families from
starvation, and they become turbulent,
as every other people has done under
the same circumstances. To maintain
keeping them in order is the worst rem
edy that could be devised for the
evil. This reduces the workingman
to o state OF mere slavery, where the
bullet and bayonet OF the soldier
come in place of the overseer's lash.
II they submit they will be fit in
struments to make slaves OF us all. III
they resist, civil war will become the
chronic condition OF the country. The
| United States have no right to inter-
meddle with this business except In GER
tain contingencies, we'll defined and
carefully provided for in the constitu-
tion. The old excuse that these limits
ought to be disregarded because they
conflne the powers OF certain persons
within limits inconveniently narrow, is
not one which ought to find acceptance
in the judgment OF free people. But
IL the general government must settle
the controversies between the RAILROAD
corporations and their laborers, let its
interference take any shape but that OF
q standing army; for that would be not
only cruel and dangerous, but the most
expensive that could be adopted. be-
lieve that none Of these corporations
think that less than 100000 men would
serve their purpose; and that is gross
misealculation, for three times the num-
Der would hardly be sufficient. It would
be much better, easier and cheaper to
take out Of the Federal treasury as much
money as will pay the railroad employees
fair wages, and let the corporations have
the fruits Of their labor as clear gain.
or course, don't say that we ought to
be taxed to free the railroad companies
from the burden OF paying for the labor
they employ, 80 that they may increase
their profits or be saved from losses, but
we had better do that than worse.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
DOMESTIC MARKETS.

CHICAGO, Sept II, $50 p. m.-Wheat
steady; September 81 0824, October 81 o41s
al 044. Corn steady; September 43$4, Octo-
Der 435s. September 242s, October 2414
Pork quiet and easier; September and Octo-
Der s12 4711aa, all the year s12 50.
CINCINNATI, Sept. 17.-Mess pork quiet and
steady; held at S13; bids at S12 80. Lard
steady; 81 fer prime steam, 81 for current
make. Hogs active and market firm; corn
fed 81 75@5, fair to good light s. 20015 As, fair
to good packing SIS 15dg5 40, select butchers
S. l0g5 50. Barley quiet and nominal at 70
for prime spring Oats held steady; demand
light; mixed 26928 Wheat 81 1611la, all
the year 81 1871. Corn--cash 4614gg46la, Sep
g9ef si o9 PT9gsons P5 Ga19e1r and me- meats QUIET
ST. LOUIS, Sept. 17.-Wheat strong; No.
2-cash, 81 3O14 bid; September, 81 25 bid
No. 3-cash, 81 235s bid; September, 81 25;
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
Academy of Music,

We have piece Of information to give to lovers
of performances in magic. II 10 that although Ca
zeneuve repeats his programme for two or three
days in succession, he never fails TO introduce
nightly some new and surprising trick which
every body should see. We are glad to notice
also. that the Commanduer has resumed his
'eff,rts OF memory" and promised last night
that he would nightly give some samples Of his
ability in that line. Last night the effort
consisted in having an entire pack of
playing cards called ont one by ona
by gentleman in the audience who placed them
ON the platform in the order they we're called out.
The pack was then 'cut,7 therefore transposing
the places Of the cards relative to one another.
Notwithstanding this difficulty the Commandeur
called out the name OF each card, thereafter ~ it
was taken from the pack.
Mime. Cazsneuve appeared again last night, and
entertained the audience very pleasantly with
her songs
We had the pleasure Of meeting, last evening,
Mr.. Joe r. Marston, business manager of the
Park Theatre Comedy Company. Mr.. Marston
precedes the company (which 10 TO produce the
great comedy Of Baby" at the Academy, IN
Monday next) in order TO make the necessary
preparations for the play.
Judging from our exchanges, all OF whom
agree we may expect some very good acting ON
the part Of several members OF the company,
viz: Messrs. W. II. Bailey, ". j. Lemoyne, Me-
Donough and Collier.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-09-18
FREE TRADE LEAGUE.
Now IL the Time for National OrganI-
Zation In Opposition to Protection.

Zation i'm Opposition to Protection.
New York Journal Of Commerce, Sept. 1871
This is the very nick Of time for form
ing great free trade league. The
whole country is ripe for it. The bitter
commercial experiences Of the past few
years have been the most eloquent
teachers Of free trade to the American
people. The logic of events has con-
vinced where books, pamphlets, news
papers and speeches have failed. On a
direct vote Of the people, IL it could be
taken to-day, we believe that the pro-
tective system as opposed to q tariff for
overwhelming majority. Protection is
really as weak among the masses as
prohibition, female suffrage, or any
other Of the minor issues of our times.
The political parties, ever on the alert
to catch votes. and ready to flatter the
Maine law fanatics or any other little
faction Of dreamers and theorists, have
almost ceased to bait their hooks with
protection. The Pennsylvania Repub-
iicans the other day did think it worth
while to say a word for protective
tariff, to please the iron interest Of that
State, but they took care not to publish
it to the world. Resolution "No. H. u
referring to this subject, was kept out oi
buc LClCkL1pulC lCpOLt. huu Lu1b COu-
vention did not speak for Pennsylvania
Republicans, as to that matter, but only
for the few whose wealth and influence
have made that State in Congress the
sturdiest Of beggars for protection.
When the Republicans of Pennsylvania
cease to make a high protective tariff
the corner stone of their faith, the
weakness Of that delusion stands con-
fessed.
The American people, being all ready
to overthrow the existing tariff oppres-
sions, they only need to be organized.
They must copy the tactics OF the man
ufacturing monopolists who have put
these burdens upon US. There must be
a union Of hands and OF purses and OF
votes among the victims as among the
tyrants. The next Congress must be
made to feel and respect, II not to
dread, power infinitely greater than
that of all the protectionist lobbies
combined. And the work done in that
Congress must be far advanced and in
sured by the election Of men to the Con-
gress succeeding, who shall be free ira
ders, able and trusted. A free trade
pledge, short and simple, like the one
Murphy uses in his temperance
crusade, should be the only platform.
The only organization should be out
side of parties, but not opposed to
them. 1t would receive no serious op-
position whatever, and we predict, IL
managed by the best men In the best
way, would sweep the country like
wildfire. The Free Trade Conference
at Saratoga have initiated the move
ment. They call for the formation OF