New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-09-07

GrN1,-nFr ATOMS OF TIE UNITED STATES To
ZACH OTHER AS MODIFIED BY THE WAR AND
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS.
This social and political problem demands
historic investigation, Will be considered under the
headings OF history Of i've eTas rs follows % Colo
nial era pror TO September >, IVA (2l Continental
Congressional era from September s. IVA, to March,
l7sl when articles Of confederation were adopted
Cs) Confederation era, from March. 1871, TO March A.
1850 CD Constitutional era, up TO 1851 90 Constitu-
toual era since 1851
I.-COLONIAL ERA.
Defining q civil body polite as the body OF human pa-
ines united in social life for internal order and external
protection and Government the social force through
which the cyl body polite acts, the distinction was
drawn between the OF authority rghtiuy 10 oe cN-
ercsed 10y the civil body polite, aud winch we call SOW
erenty and the powers delegated by the sovereignty to
its agent, the government such civil body polite
NAV be formed in various ways II may grow from
the family md tncn may be a nation. or by pre-
contract or by fuurty, etc, or by colonization
The nature of British condemnation was discussed
Many reas assigned for holding the colonies
absolutely distinct and independent of caca other
Their settlement was different and under different
charters, and with different governments; that
some were provincial Others proprietary, and
others charter governments tn''' zen i"u
STTse' lg%s Of suffrage. uauraiizajon, ETC.
anoh wrh AN ricttd In 1854 some Of the Colonies,
al Dr Trankn's suggestion, pI0nOHtd au1ihf' bd' u
C.
IVA made formal declaration of the parateness ~
Colonies and the distncness OF their powers OF gov
Each Colony was sovereign except ~ dependent on
Great Britain. 10 absolute except for thai MI
ton. the indcpeud nee came the soverti-ulY o!
each COLONY became unconditoncd and complete
CONTINENTAL CONGRESS ERA.
As 10 the second era that OF the Continental Congress-
from the date Of It's first session. september o. l77 to
ISL t was shown That the Congress was composed OF
deputies appointed by each state, either by it's Govern
mont. or convention Of the people. where the royal
power bad dissolved the Legislature, as IN NewNork bY
a popular But, IN all cases. the deputies
were chosen TO act, and did act on behalf
OF their own Colony. Bach Colony had one
vote I'm Congress Each gave very general powers
70 it, deputies 10 agree any for the common
cause which Congress would decide on. t"n-ir-'
ard rot o. control amy dissenting colony. Congress ~
sx addresses Issued hy tassertcd the slaIaiehes oi
Tie ColD.t the crou OI Judge story 10 thc contrary
vae cglM.u.d. Judge St0rys statement that Congress
a.i mon lowers derived from tac poop.e"aud not
cif,I ,rlI,ts Of thc Corcrnut his OF the Coonics'
Nas criticised. and 10 shown tlat five Colonial gov
el- d.d choose tAc dcpaci. lud that 10 thr others.
except NcwNork the popular convent ons I'D cue several
Co.oa.c, appointed them. IT, ulereiore thc people
Oh elect th'In, 30 wa. me pe"pie OF otch S5ile
81 It's sopuatcuess. aud not the people taken
as whole. And tnere is no evidence during
claimed 10 represent ANYTHING bui ms own Coon,
one r0c OF O. at colony. IL shown that Congress
claimed to derive any inherent po"c "e "s me
T bnr,, ms whole pr,od CON r,ss passed rcso-
Juti Story Claims that the Declaration o. Indepeni-
cnce was al of paramount and sovereign authority
of the whole people OF original and Inherent sovereignty
by the people themselves In the debate on the Dccar
ton, pro3Ipted los Jefferson q Mad Papers) 10 was
shown that The Declaration OF undergraduates was
COLONY 10 IL delegates; that no delegates uld
unitc in D. bat by such tnat was nee mo
Colony could be- una PAT hN lts own COZ ,h anu coui
not by all tie rest; mat the Declaration did
make them independent, hat declared the existence
al fact already accomplished; that tie delay in making
90 gel tno consent OF each Colony To H. ctc Ana
the Colonies free and Independent saes-not airee
and independent state.
TIE CONFEDERATION ERA.
The articles Of confederation were proposed by Con
rress 10 the States November. l777 ana urged upon
their adoption. 1t universally admitted Congress
was the feeble government Of mere COniederacy Ii is
complete proof that n the previous era. ID had instead
OF being paramount sovereignty" been a
weak ard imbectc government igi a mere Ia-ue
These ARTICLES adiudgcd, March l. l4Sl-
by each State Legislature for itseand in no form by
the united act Of a Each state retained its sovereign
T., freedom and lndcpend ncr' ana an powers MOI eX
pressly delegated. series " incidents bearng ON
this point such the forms OF eatcs and deeds, were
cited.
CONSTITUTIONAL ERA, 1888 To 1861.
The States, free, sovereign and independent car"
bodies polite $50 existent by the terms Of the articles Of
confederationl ordained the Constitution. II is
federal compact between them. BY Government has
been es; ahslcd which q Democratic, Republican and
Scegated powers over the Constitutions and laws OF the
several states aud binding and operating upon me Cit
creates an iutcrc0mmunicailon OF certain rights and
privilege. Of citizens Of each 10 those OF every other
y reference the official acts leading 10 the adoption
OF the Constitution, ~ was proved that the convention
which framed 30 called ~ fcdcfW convention on us
Journal its members never ectci by the lcsi>d-
fre OF the respective states; they voted IN Go Nennn
b Safcs each having only ON vote tney were appoint
Ell TO revise the existing system aud 10 make the federal
Constitution adequate to the purposes OF the Federal
IN on on as SS' aP P Eca state in s o%n
convention called b ITS own Legislature ratified H. IN
the name and behalf OF it's people. Eleven ratified II
Rhode Island and North Carolina dd nor ana the Con-
efiutfOu and Federal Government went INTO operation
between the eleven states aud not Oyer The TWO who re-
fused The refusing states were not DOunG 10y the act o
The words We the people Of the United States in
the preamble can Ouly mean those WHO 0lu Idt9 the
Constitution, ana AS II rs SHOWN tht peoPe OF u Ctu
States did not, m any i0r as one people q" ~ ie o'
the true meaning Is that the Pcopg OF 'e seNeId
State o. distinguished from the LcglstuIes OF
the several states. who adopted the Articles OF i"ltut-
alton did If interpreted 20 mean that as one ptope
they did So asserts historic fasehOOd but II inter-
pretcd 10 the people OF each and OF all the
States did 80. it le Historically true.
The Constitution b., Therefore, federal compact be
tween me states The Government Is federal One-that
S. one IN whose organism states are the factors ana
In every act OF cycy department OF the Government
the state authority medAteY OF Immediately i the I'M
The ecomposition Of Congress was then considered
ataes are the factors In Federal legislation. States
elect electors their Legislatures prescribe Electors
do not meet IN body bat IN their States Zach has az
many a. II has and Representative IN Congress
m election fails colleges the House OF representatives.
eiects and then States equal Ana then STATES are
ne factors In the Executive la the late election was
decided that the STATE however small might ueciue inc
ictin Inv fraud legality, and power could defeat
a.. acts and II Colorado SHOULD thus decide Inc teclO
the will of 80 900 900 would be nulihed by the faud OF
al 900 Inc President does not represent majority OF
tie people OF the United states for the present executive
fell short Of "A quarter Of million. 49,, , |
The Judiciary, and all officers, are nominated ana |