davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

rs Newspaper advertising is perma,
nent addition to the reputation of the goods
advertised, because it is permanent in.
iiuence always at work in their interest.
Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes. Caters at
Williamson & Cos.
Court will adjourn Saturday that being
:he limit of this term. 1t will convene
again in three weeks. Judge Keith has
shown himselfa most efficient judge, and
mas given satisfaction to all. Heis patient,
untiring worker. Out of the $50 cases on
The docket, only about 125 will be disposed
of this term.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

-s=4-ss.=~< -
half west of Plymouth, lost a fine young
horse few days ago by a rather curious
circumstance. The horse in trying to rub
his heaG with his foot caught it in the
halter, and throwing himself choked to
death.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
VIM. n. BAILEY, N. D.,

PHYSICIAN l. SURGEON. Thirty years
Il practice. Graduate OF two Medical COL
the u. 3. lvol. serv) Can compete success
fully with any quack in the United States.
Thankful for past favors. is still i'm regular
practice. and only requires to be better known
TO have an extensive one Office in Sears
new brick. cor. Of Michigan and LaPorte
streets.
Plxnaoufh Ind .Lillx lat 1afk 1Y
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

Our correspondents throughout the
county are requested to mail their
letters so that we will receive them by
Tuesday at the latest. 1t will be quite
as easy to do this as to mail them at
a later day, and u great favor will
be conferred on US. Gentle.
men, please make an effort to do this.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

Il. w. Leffel does as good new wagon
work and repairing as any other man in
the county. His shops are at Walnut
Station, Ind.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
Township Trustee.

The Office OF Trustee OF Center
Township, Marshall County. is over
Buck & Toan's Hardware Store-with
A. johnson. Office days, all except
Sundays.
b. R. PERSHING,
n24-tf. Trustee.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

A TTORNEYS AT LAW. Notaries Public and
"A Authorized War Claim Agents: Ofsces at
Bourbon and Plymouth. Indiana. Especial
attention given to the reftlemen mt OF decedents
Estates. Conveyancing. and the collection OF
Soldiers Claims for Pensions; will attend
promptly to all professional business en-
trusted to them and practice in Marshall and
adjoining eos miles, Plymouth Office on Gano
street between Michigan and Center streets.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
n. r. PullpoT.

VUATCHMAKER & JEwELER. on Michi-
w gan street. four doors south OF Parker
House. Keeps constantly on hand the fam
Gus Waterbury and St.Thomas Clocks. Par
ticular attention given to repairing All work
warranted Mavl-7l
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
\. =. LosEY.

TEwELER. Clocks. Watches and Jewelry
u repaired promptly. and in a workmanlike
manner. Keeps for sale Clocks. Watches,
Plated Ware, Jewelry. Gold Pens and full
stock pertaining to his trade. Occupies part
Of Hawley's boot Il shoe store. Michigan st.
Plymouth Indiana June3O-7S
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

How does your neighbors wood
pile hold out?
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
DR.. BOWER.

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. will be
Il pleased to receive patients at his ONCE.
No. 81 Michigan street. where he may be
found at all times. except when professional
ly absent. his residence being at the same
place.
Iulv GIN
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

4 TTOxNEi AT LAW. Located In 1876.
"A Collections and conveyancing a speci-
lity. Buys and sells real estate on commits
ion- Insures lives and property in A. COM
anies. Desirable real estate for sale in the
eit- and adjoiring. N0v1-75
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

The treasurer's Office 81 Lagrange
county was entered by burglars one
night last We Elk. the safe blown opan
and about $500 in fractional currency
stolen. The robbers got off safely.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

The Knights Templar ball announced
for the OPEN House tins evening Is pan
ming out beautifully. The indications are
that the attendance will be'very large, the
estimate being put as high as 150 couples
II will not PROBABLY reach that number.
however. The arrangements for the oc-
casion are most elaborate and perfect in
every particular. Supper will be prepared
under the supervision of George Edwards.
who is most accomplished caterer. and il
the weaiheris half way reasonable the &C
casion will be the grandest ever seen in
Plymouth. Supper will be served in the
Commandery banquet hall, the lodge room
will be open, and the light and risky fan
tastic toe will be. tripped I'M the Opera
House.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
A NurderOus Assault.

On Saturday evening Charles Drake ore
of the proprietors of Field & brakes liv-
cry stable was severely stabbed by W
Strawhecker. 1t appears that Straw
hecker went TO the stable TO hire a team,
but there being no team in he was so in
formed, and told that il wonld he impossi-
BILE to accommodate him. Being intoxica.
ted Strawbecker commenced abusing
Fields who did not resent It, He then
turned his attention to Mr. Drake who al
once ordered him TO leave the premises.
This Strawhecker refused 10 do, and
Drake taking hnld of him to put him out
he drew dagger and made a lunge for
Drake. The sharp blade struck on the
lower point of the breast hone. or sternum,
and glanced toward the left side cutting
tn the bone, but not making serious
wound Drake drew his revolver and
fired, without effect. and Strawhecker re-
treated, coming towards LaPorte street.
He was arrested and committed to Jail TO
await trial. II is likely that Strawhecker
" ~ WV inttAltuttu W hUOW JuSt
what he was doing, yet that is no excus.
for having deadly weapons on his person,
and he should be severely punished He
had "A hearing on Monday before Esq.
Kelley and his bail was fixed at $500
New Prints and Dress Goods at Kloep-
fer's. feba-S
MIR. Faude has been at Adrian Michigan
during the last week
There were two fires in Warsaw last
week-loss trflng.
When ayoung married man rs he comes
down the street In the morning, finds an
old COW lying across the sidewalk, if in
stead of kicking the animal he remarks
Get up convey, get out of papa's way,
you may wager your bottom nickle thai
there is a bran new baby ut his house s. l.
McKelvy knows how it is. A girl.
As Charley Leonard was going home
one evening last week he discovered {
large volume Of smoke issuing from an out
house Of teamster on Michigan street
He gave the alarm and the fire was ex
tinguished. In two minutes more tn,
building would have been in flames. ant
as 1t stood within ten feet of the residence
there would have been a serious fire. The
fire caught In the usual way from barre
of ashes.
Rev. L. B. Richter is lying at his resi-
dence In this city quite sick. The prob
abilities are that he will be confined TO hi
bed for several weeks. 1t Is intimated Il
us that ne is in reduced circumstances, tn,
churches in which he labored having failet
to pay him his salary. This affords goo,
opportunity for christian people to show
their christianity. by seeing to it that he j
cared for during his illness.
u Newspaper advertising Is the mos
energetic and vigilant of statesmen; ad
dressing thousands each day, always il
the advertisers interest. and ceaselessl,
at work seeking customers from all classes
The KniOhts' Tamnlar hall announces
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

Which Has Stood the Test of 40 Years.
There is no Sore IL Will not Heal, no
Lameness IL Viii moi Cure, no Ache,
no Pain, That Afiicts the Human
Body. or the Body OF q Horse or 9th
err Domestic animals, That Does not
Yield to its Magic Touch. A EotfIe
Costing Csc, soc. or $I.O0. Has Often
Sared the Life Of q Human Being.
and Restored TO Life and Usefulness
Mdnh a Valuable Horse. 391y
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

tire Satisfaction in every respect.
Diseases of the mouth and teeth
successfully treated. Teeth extracted
sUithoatt pain by the use OF nitrous
oxid gas. Consultation free. / am
in Bourbon Tuesday and Wednesday
OF each week. 20-tf
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
COUNTY ITEMS.

SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE.
he Weekly Budget or News from Local
Reporters.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
PLYMOUTH MARKET.
CORRECTED WEKKLY M
Pershing & Wiltfong,

DEALERS IN
CROCKERY, GLASS a QUEENswARE, a ALL
KINDS OF GROCERIES.
N TN ucx, ~rv~<--oxv xp.0x~-.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
AMASA JOHNSON,
p. o. JONES,
G.. q. REEVE.

Prompt attention given TO all claims and col.
ections leftin his care. ONCE in corner OF
Sar lrick block Plymouth In.i
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
+. NJ. BURKET,

Dentist, Office
over A. Beck
er's grocery,
opposite Post
Office. All
work warrant
ed to give en-
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

PlTTsBURG, FORT WAYNE . CHICAGO
RAILWAY.
On and after December 9Th. 1870, trains VII
leave stations daily. except SundayJ as fol-
lows:
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01

leaves Pittsburgh daily except Saturday.
Train No. leaves Chicago daily except Sat-
urday. AL others daily except sunday.
F.R. MYERS.
Gen. Pass. and Ticket Agent.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1877-02-01
CITY ITEMS.

rs Newspaper advertising is now rec
ognized by business men having faith in
their own wares, as the most effective
means for securing for their goods wide
of their merits.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26
The Decline OF Magazines.

The ohlitcration OF the GdiLrBby its union
with the Atlantic furnishes another evidence
OF the unprolitabloness Of magazines AZ
business ventures. II also suggests that we
have too many Of these publications. that
the supply is greater than the demand.
OF what are called our iirst-cass maya
zines il IL probably safe to say that only one,
Hep RS, is directly successful pccuniary
venture, The reason is that to make ii profit
able as an Investment, a magazine requires
very great circulation, AZ the cost OF its
publication is heavy, and its income from
advertising comparatively small Its price
prevents a large proportion of the people
from buying it, especially as in the daily
and weekly newspapers they can, Mt II much
less cost get just as good reading as the
magazines furnish, and at the same time
reading that is fresher and more attractive.
The serial novels in the magazines have al
ways been one of their main sources Of
strength, keeping up the interest of those
who buy them from month to month. and ~
securing steady sale. But of late the best
Of the current foreign novels are published
at a third or a half the cost of n magazine,
and there are few people who do not prefer
TO read IL work Of fiction in whole rather
than by picccmcal, especially when it is
much cheaper in the complete form
While weekly literary paper may yield
a profit ON II circulation of eight or ten thou
sand a magazine of the better class would
bc sure TO lose money if its sales were not Il
good deal more than that; and it could
make nothing which would adequately re-
pay the capital invested in it, and the time
1. la.
LEGATION, If they were not several times that.
Probably the Gatary had Il larger crcula-
tion than We have named, and yet it found
| it more profitable to sell out to the Athtntic
| than TO continue to compete with the older
| magazine.
In the case Of the illustrated magazines
no money can be made unless they get up to
] an enormous circulation, and Huper's 30
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26
PIOus TrickeTY.

Mr.. DAVID NJ STONE, Of DR.. ScuDDER' s
church,in Brooklyn, seems to be man Of
sound anse and sturdy principles. When
Brother KIMBALL. the church debt raiser,
was introduccd into the pulpit last Sunday,
and it vas announced that he would pro-
coed to dun up subscriptions TO relieve the
church of its debts, Mr.. STONE took his hat
and walked out OF the temple.
The reasons Mr.. STONE gave for his con-
duct wen that he didn't think IL becoming
to turn achurch on Sunday into place for
the mctiodical raising OF money for the
liquidation OF business debt. 1t was well
enough 70 make collections for aims, but
the business affairs of the church ought not
to be allowed to interfere with the solcmnity
of its religious services on the Lords Day.
He wouli, in the first place, have the money
mattersof a church conducted like those of
"A merchant, and so avoid the necessity OF
exciting n congregation by appeals to its
pous impulses, yielding to which IL might
do what. whom the heat was over its MEM
beers would bitterly regret "The business
matters Of churches" says Mr. STONE are
conducted too much on faith. Some very
good people. II their church income is So. 900
and their expenses are $1,000, will pray that
these figures may in some why be made
to agree" Church finances" he adds
should be managed on the same business
principles as grocery or a saw mill"
These are sound views, and If churches
acted on them uniformly, their moral and
religious influence and example would be
better than they now are; and perhaps we
should hear less of defalcations among their
members. There is great deal of pious
trickery about the operations Of Brother
KINBALL. aud the result of it cannot always
bc wholesome.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26
The School-Seat Question.

The subject Of the proper furniture for the
school room is just now commanding much
attention from European reviews voted to
scientific and social questions. On the whole,
American mechanics have supplied the best
practical solution; but while one requisite,
cheapncss, ia seldom overlooked, they have
not always kept in view all the physologi-
cal conditions OF the problem.
With the exception of those specially in
tcrested in public instruction, few persons
are aware Of the widespread ard grave
maladics which may be directly traced to
the defective construction Of school seats
and desks. 1t results from recent medical
investigation and from statistics carefully
collected, that only minor part Of the adult
population IN this country and western
Europe much OF whose early life wac
passed In the school rooms Of thirty years
ago, have escaped more OF less serious in
Jury. Dr. HERMAN COIN Of Breslau, for in
stance, published in 1867 Il summary Of his
observations upon the eyes Of 10000 school
children, and established the tact that
school life was damaging the eyes Of schol-
airs to II most alarming degree. lie found
that the ratio Of ightedness in classes
just entering the primary institutions was
less than per cent, that il increased, how
ever to more than 20 per cent. in the higher
schools willie in the Broslau University,
out Of 40 students examined, not one-third
had normal powers Of vision. Out Of 300
cases Of distortion Of the spine, DR.. EULEN-
BERG Of Berlin reported 267 whore the dcvcl-
opmcnt Of tine maiormation had taken place
during the school age. DR.. FREY Of Zurich,
the director Of an Orthopcdic establishment,
attributed to school life 800 cases out Of 400
which had come under his notice. 1t is not
disputed that these dciormtles and nilrm-
tics-we should bear in mind that near
sightedness Is now known to be IA grave
malady-arc chargcable to a faulty ar
raugrmcnt Of furniture, entaillng II CON
strained aud unnatural position OF the body,
In a work ON school seats and desks, "A
French physician, DR.. GUILLAUME, has an
| alyzcd and explained the causes Of the NOR
| bld phenomena above mentioned. He points
| out that without adequate support for the
back, loins aud hams, the child cannot, any
more than an adult, maintain an upright
| position for IA long period. The muscles Of
the back and napc OF the neck become
fatiguci and in spite Of reprimands he is
| constrained to seek relief either by resting
| ON the elbows, or else 10y leaning forward or
TO one siuc. What schoolmastcrs call bad
department is for the most part an lnyolun-
tary symptom OF physical exhaustion. Com
preston OF the chest, too, and pressure of
the false ribs on the digestive organs, con-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

we'll meets the popular demand in that
direction, and its proprietors can afford to
spend money SO profuscly upon it, that 1t
almost destroys the chances of profit for
competitors, and hence Scribner's, though
enterpriing and very well adapted to the
tastes Of its readers. has never proved
really money making enterprise.
The Development Of the daily and weekly
journals,hnd their control of the most capa-
BILE writer's in the country, their greater
neainess to passing events, their cheapncss,
and thci varied contents, have made ii hard
for monthly magazines 10 succeed. The
probability is that for some time to come
publishers will be very shy Of putting their
money iLnew ventures Of this sort.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26
The Prince of swindlcr..

fffl me- SIN : in'iHN ffii|t's
The excitement over the paraf bubble has
not subsidized M Santiago lie Chile. The cclc-
hrdtrd aiehoml~t stu lnugu.sh"s in jail Doe
HrltnuS oi several persons have been taken.
and a llliua tacic case of Swiudlng has been
made out plriS counsel has been refused
permission To- visit his client hy the Judge Tie
appealed from the decision g. the supreme
Court and also protest 1t against ParaiS inn
prls4umeut, ON the ground thnt to Judge
wheih"ra crime has been committed il is first
necessary 70 az .ertain whether the alleged dis
cuNrry ~ IN" prisoner is "a TACT or mo-. which WAS
pot yet known. The public prosecutor
has demanded that certain letters he at
ded t. the papers in the ca-e. proving
tW ihral WA prose utrd for similar
swnllius in the United SAies AMI that
he was hor-"whippel aud driven from this
country. shower of lawsuits is bending in
- tutoi by purchasers 4 shares i1 recover their
money ON the ground that the alleged di~'ov-
cry bong untrue, There WIS no consideration
gwen, aud that cons qu'utly the sales were
void II Is said That soWe ~ me suits have been
COMPROMISED one LNari, friend of Paraf
WAS arrested, and after tew hours cunflnc-
mrnt WIS dis 'hargcd. as the evidence was in
sum rirut for a cOmmUal. Several f,rlIpS
have boon published in the case OF Snnur Vial
against Don Diego SWl for tho rerDyrrv If
$50 1000 paid for one share IN the Puraf bust
mes. from WA u II app'af- thnt the dHeudunt
EW ril ol ll0 u'qlls'tlnu about aus RAPIDLY as ~
had gained n-Evng, lending and sluuudcr-
lng m ne tru" spnudthuft siyle. one of his
CUTS N"s tlouoo 10 Parai himself wiz spent il.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

The New YORK SuN gave elaborate reports O.!
ii, I,renuuu of 6uV iAYfs New York. tuf never
ou, alluded Go the VIs're of ue ffcstcnt q" the nitd
~ti- thai Ditt Iy great iulcptnd mt paper insists
The man whom the majority Of the people and
the majority Of the electoral colleges elected 10
bc Pres dent has never been inaugurated. and ii
Is unknown whether or no he has ever taken the
oath Of Office; while the man whom the people
and the electoral colleges rejected has been
fosted into the White House through fraud.
HAYES was rightfully Governor of Ohio, and Is
now properly spoken Of ~ an Ex-Governor. To
the distinction and the authority ol President
he has no good right.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

Remit subscriptions In Post ONCE money orders regis
toed letters drafts Sew York the order OF rnr
erN at our risk.
4. Any subscriber failing TO receive his paper within
Reasonable time AFTER writing. Will please ad,i.e us
promptly Of the fact AMI whether mt cash cheek
money order or REGISTERED letter
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26
A CHESTNUT STREET IDYL.
Thoughts suegested nv One OF Philadelphia
Most Beautiful sights.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: / en-
close II little poem. which l composed all alone
although am willing to admit that | drew my
inspiration from the sweet and melancholy
illusions Of G. W. Chlds. A. NJ. which / have
studied from wear 10 year with sad pleasure
that only a sympathi2ng heart can appreciate.
As none of the sordid and cnviOus editors Of
the Philadelphia papers Will consent to publish
this feeble though Just tribute to the sweet
obituary bard OF America, must ask THE sun
70 give il tho generous hospitality Of lis col
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

Although SIMON CAMERoN's visit to Wash
ington was on private business Of n delicate
and engrossing nature he found time TO talk
politics little. lie is reported. via Cincinnati
as having freed his mind about HAYES in ex-
ceedingly plain English. denouncing him as a
meaner migrate and traitor To his party than
either joins TYLER or ANDREW JOHNSON. The
Disguised SIMON is unable TO discover a trace
OF craftsmanship or pluck in any Of HAYES r
Proceedings to date, and thinks it high time the
party shook OF all responsibility for him.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

Rooth's Th~str--rweinh NishL
ns~ery THEATRE Two ofphau.
broadway Ihe.tre-Montc cri.io
Aifth Avenue Ihestre-AItienne.
sirh Avenue Bsii-Pissuls t,on M,tin..
fillmore Gnra~n--cifcu. and Men.s.rl. Marnes
G'snd Opera uou>--kit. N, Aiksnsss traveller
New yerk Aqos ri.u~-Btosiwsy and sstasL
Nibto's Gsrd~s-M, Ncehtor's wife.
National Theatre Pioneer ratllOt
Park Theatre -Ds,id Garrk
sss rrsnci.co Nl.str-is-Bio,i-sy and lsha
Steia~sy Hall -Matne. Concert
uss~stre Comiqu~ Variety Matinee.
The tre Brss-sfs-Roneo aud Juiiet.
sh~ New A~cricsn -se.m-cufio.u,s nsus~.
us.y Pastors Orer~ Ho.se-vsety.
Bisoii Th-stre-vsfcty
nriop square Theatre -rhs Man Of succe.
~stt.eL's Ihestr~Awon al Last.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

DAnr srSp,r ~ contsa line ordinary advertising;
Iae type cents. aud preferred positions, 80
y So according 10 classification
WEEKLY so centsa line extra charge for large
tyre. Preferred positions from - ccntstos2
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

SEcoR RoREsoS's successor asks the House
committee 10 recommend an appropriation for
the sham navy Of nearly or quite sixteen and IL
quarter miihons-thrce millions more than ast
time |, j. announced that Democratic mem
bers Of the committee hope To cut down Mr.
THoMrsoNs estimates materially They had
better
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

DAILY q pages. by mail. 55c. a month. or 1850 a
gear. postpaid with sunday edition. $40.
SUNDAY spagcs' si.sO per wear, postpaid
wtkkLr ~ pages. 81 per year. postpaid
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

The Rev HENRY SKEwER recently thrilled
an uptown Methodist congregation in this city
with a narration OF his experiences ~ "a mis-
sionary among the Mormons. Now the Salt
Lake H,dld gets even with the Methodist
brother by calling him divinity sharp sane
timonious money hunter and very average
Gospel eNpounder'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

Somebody has trained girl of nine sum
mors TO theft. and she Is already u felon IN the
City Prison Which ought to be punished the
dupc or the traner'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

The work Of eXcavating the Barclay street
ruins is carried on slowly. Only dozen lahor-
crs were at work yesterday and no more bodies
were discovered
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-26

\ prudent Investment for any ono troubled
WIN ssht Cold, huhr-, moss Suir Throat /, Nule
q" hr JtNut's fNIFct0rtnt lf may sayc Nnli truil
Wu'u sun uNs ami uo little danger ltl, lu uI estan.
tested b. thousands -Ala