, 1877-09-27
Second Days Proceedings OF the
Nationa! Agricultural
Congress-.
All Interesting Paper on the Railroads
and Their Relation to the
Public.
Protective Tariff and Subsidies The Big
gest Lies in America.
The Economical Management
OF Railroads.

.xro,1 ,tsx,s sraafa,t rpstertfov . rnnrntn In on,v
=. ~ ,,c t,ran,, Pacific. son, twent, f1cisrotr ~,
xcrc prc.cnt, the lion. J.. Sterling Morton. ii
NebtasH'' ~ Nv >N"'.. '''' ''"'lo" ot'c.,st
tho pFoccetlInFs ny rcatl1ng paper on "Iht
Railroads nnd Their Relation to the Public"
Mr. Morton saIA that, In the Western ant,
ro,,iweatcrn Stetce. therc WIRE n. .0in tn,lcs n,
Ill the railroads In the Union Is $1,000, ,0o0,0 co.,
while tho value Of ships, American and foreign
engaged in ocean transportation il
only svv"|, s,',''',,.'s. o,.L,", lno 'n'uo ot Az
inc eoan'o1h'es .alIeu OUT o. ah,l
brought into tlIn United stntcs Is estimated ut
sl,13l, ,oO.000. Rut the estfmatel valuc of tho
internal commerce transported between Statc.
.', 'a. Nv =. -. Ms,,"n.; "..,,.',ss, ,,
p'clarctl ny tee Nae'onhi statistical biircasf,
thow the valt1c Of tho raslroads Of tic country
to 10 about twenty y-tl,rcc times thu value OF thc
.nppR ,,s' sms@ee m m s,n ano IoIsIsn M tTaae' an
sn1ec' ''ss h ."u s'aS n,'t ~ ',1e ioFcish COM
mcrce OF Inc country. ih'a oefnE tt'o case.
thcrn Is NJ wunlce that TIC equitable relations
oi railroads, representing such d fabulous
,n,o,nt nj fvrf cnnffot <l,n,,,i <x~,,;s,,
s,'a o,,orttnr of tt.n ro..,i. .I,,
Me n'tc"''o.s u Ihe people. lhe
East sums OF money transformed tom
circulating to fixed capital 1T railroads form n
potent primary cause Of TIC , collapse 60 Of 80 as
..,,1n1s In. of,r, .,,orn.eI ~ n,a,',,r sr"a."
faif1a,1s hha olten amounted 10 nopiliar frenzy,
,,n III su 70 ,t. ,GEits.a'Se auhaeg. Inc 'aet t!at
Ialiroaos onSn. h 70 ~. 70 ensttustci IN 1; 70 nuke
Eogs,a anu uta.t,s naye ,,,; acnandsa that ticy
bc bnlt ptteIy iF tils p''o,!c Eoo,t Or to grhtAy
anarn,hsr ofma. anss caass o. tascals an'
lNns,anists naye aep'etca capital as .;o9d sa-
mat'tat ~anuer,ne a up anu ao"n % TO- ilnd slfk
el'lea ana loof eeuht'es heea'nn rc!ict ny Tue
tonsttuct'oh ~ IuIT,Mus To-. 1FoH', anu
be.%een :Il;,.. tne1n; itus ING S'cltas
.s. t.cn' 49,. " ~ 14nsauss 1o.', - sospofntun nas
efomn up snn emh.l,;s 9G"shG LUG monster nas o. tne
souha.{; napstiles " ety, county. state. or
tc ueenat taosernnHnt ~ aTe ".onE IN theory
sHd def'inIalit'hE IN results. II majority !nay
vote 'ahc 'honoy .totn tne many IL te khnpe
taaGs III 10. 51 5o nt"eat o. tme lew, .neg mloht
minority; h ~, MeFer , umues any ios!' u 1oser-
ment out tnc nMeIieah hak eucit gigantic
fc1ieme OF stcai'ne peef aesEcu:
n;, A.. MoItt,h IT,, auole1 .ne aesfslons oi 1uge
t.1tiv v H'9 -. Iec,,, 1ini,, so,a ~ asTn % a'a .ne
n., ac edn.e1uga nnescs tna'esla5. H's' III Ills
opilons elnaa!y comnctcnt lor the
80, 1os i.'a..iisl. sshsaaat IT, rhksch!hh
VIA. 'eSs 4a~ytrs y maY GMargn 'nr tnetr services
@,to 10 y ~ axu saa ,x SI'arGss % lor rairas 10
tranas Auanls. u, 1osna WIN h'sct'isngues, and
,!. .Ge mttn ysasy re!Sta ~ tac ata!!foai Com.
mssoncss ms s1 o. Massachasetn saYs tt,at y may
sssGaas ete, an", IN Inc nature o. thinRs. must
s,nsL,, iss. p..ets. n."'!uluss, a9 INV OF COM
RtI'on ~. eAc!eise un.y I.H'lten control oyer
sssh, sh 1l't t,. .se" to . .ot ~ 'asncs oi US
ssease a. n, ~ tna auH'oef OF competing
soaa" sOas oocs not tono 10 alnintsh the
ssaot Ms. - 'samsposias".. .1 @ ouce ouilt, they
tsioxsstc ue y, H., x ~ tu aS eaSess ot CAPT.
follows therefore, that. o. The ioss 70 of eon,pe. On
.saT ioaas anu co,nmantlee mnst either 80 unrcEu-
i.u-1ng Yp, ~ e9o ieieMt III. .n, ost'o1, o.
on ncs Vrcstce NJ "'1 IT,. lucy entn s. oe easas
a %sntsi II !atsristeaee: I Gq%petien i s7cFy '"an
e6} eaHtes ont tais principle when T. makes such
snd aoa Ienneeo Is Wl stamalntc
,n"d. ~, th's 'snIa r. - ts. uo IN!
eo.aLeIa,on among tnen l!as % Ma, tot and un-
SsasounR ~ Tue VIRGO OF su!cae. Merchants
shsrre, s"as tcn. ~ ea.9tIon ny excessive
% raiIsa" sS ~. ~, ~ - VII "
sa!lruaas ant! of tl,e people living fn til, section
tafJ'usa 0's M wi4lch tEey run arc identical, and no
tay'nx toao can ne tnaiilta1her thtouEh shift.
sotercss eit sce.tG ~ H s,1.n a o.
fair thing, ns II conpcls tho lr1ntcr to
mako far. prices for lis commodities.
some time In tho near futuro there will be con-
stiuttoHal provisions agatust subsidies. Poor
hotlscs and alms for INDECENT individuals arc
probably necessity, but
cuAR1rlns 70 CORPORATIONS
and aims in lands, mouoy, and bonds arc ue,tb-
era necessity NOR = succcss as means OF d.
the morals Of its law.makers mud cfnoun,,ers.
Tho gigantic gratuities OF the General Govern.
ment tn tlIu sYstcm Of Pacific roads and
branches hare been productive Vi moro 1axtty
In legislative morals, corruption In Con-
Eress, and 1obbery In TIC Judiciary.
than any and ali other causes,
They have agcrcputed the enormous sum Of fUl,-
Ga4 go In United atates pcr cent OuIlIs, which
!notlre thirty years from thu tlRtu Of their saue
10 illustrate: Tic Unnn l'aciflc uwcs tic
United States over $la,UUO0U In Intcrcst. il
pays no Interest tu sncak Of nj utcscnt. ant,
toes not cyen proyliu tor payment Il, thu inturc
And yet, while this state OF facts cxjsts as bc.
tween the people WHO made ttls so-calle.l LOAF,
and those who now stanu In thu position ri
sccoh4 mortgage hout!ho!tlcrB, Mr, Juy juu}l.
@mo ooeEht N tho stock at merely nutninni
nEu!es, ersw @ lat year IN dividends ttlc snue
sn y. fi,+,nl And yet, In face Of these !nrts,
: eatizena md number tlcrlslators
~" T 1s.ut atothsF sulslaizlng scllvnu known as
,,, ,s,n.,. .aa ,, 1ob, which, II sucttssul, a.
~. WIZ cost the people Ut tl4e United
et"tts ne"t y " quite hundre4i miItiona n,nru