davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
FoJ Rru NAuosAL BASK OF rHE cry OF NEw:YgaG.

ForRru NAnoSAL BANK or rIE cTGY OF NE";;Y-9gPA
NOTICE is hereby given, that the annual
y mrtng the shareholder OF he Fourth National Bank
o ae city o Nc, iork ior the election Gt ti ei4f ana
al ociocE noon Bau house Of said Bans in The
Gig ol Se~loTk
q le sharshoier oi -ad Bans has oeen duy called ana
VII nr held a. l-ia -ane ,il- aiI i'e luI ,,!t "a
Cai.al stock u sli Fourth Nata,a bank ot the City Of
,, m +, ;as ~ ,ciar a. Mi m tI 1n1ni of rle B,air
of Drecots q" said BtnL btai pono'r - n r sis ana 10
II Association o. .af 8ank 'ghrIrb, shall provided That
tir Boar OF iIrei2fs 'l'I 5' i 80 w. ,,ch W ,
o. ,i ',i & s5 @ & d. jii,, m @ n, " rij n their icirrn
~ Polls v IN o,,cn At y m and clos,. ~ p. NJ.
4FFiCE of the MANHATTAN FIRE MS.
" co.. To- Wal-st An ELlC rION OF ~Ft IN Dl4EC.
ts i,9,ay IAN q ls75 Pol4 ,nrn rom II H. to p. m
'''' '' L ?. cARSIAN, secrriaiy.
PROPOSALS FOR S233.4S3 BONDS OF
THE 4ANgA AlDEkAEN' AND Co@Ai'NAl'li
al. proposals Il he received ~ tie ConntIo'iris % One
until toDAl. Jan - ~, a. % %gi''S D. l. ~.,' ~ s ~,
sa1c . ~ D. publicly op n. iyt IN me El Dr a. m r5,,o @
atty city of NeW Nors as autloT'ld by Sia.I -
~ an occa ioa Of arri-s lnd the city of
New-Aors." passed NAY 20 lsse ~, r ,.. ,D, nor m.
nam payalr o Nay md >o'em1'r 10 tach
year principal "i be raieenaoe three years rom '9
Zach proposal soni he sealed and nior-e rwrosala foT
NrYcrk' and ncoed IN second envelope addressed TO 'he
Tc s reserved the part Of W c2mptroer to reject ,
al OF he lids in his Judsehi The interests u Tic
For -i ino'na,oa see city Recori -, ~ c,rr,rorer
CITY II New.Yor,, Department Of tHaucc, Comguoiers
Office, Dec. .. lo1.
Day DocS EAsr BsoADwAY Ayp BArlET 2ArlS9Ae -Gso,{
g'HE ANNUAL ELECTION for Directors OF
Company vii b- held ~ isa @ic 900 .l-Ie on
M E. KELLY. ,eeret2ry
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
TA.-.N-rh. mars.t was Urn sale.. 10000 n at $50

WHISKY -li, mara was firm, with dong. al =.
So bills t II IL gallon. T. 1 Bord & Co.,. ~ u,l" circular
o Cd. .a;.. tlat addition 90 sic eet~ni an "i
fr t- .. ra.lwr.s. fe s ~l4tII Iou t ii-
. mip.a ii.. "GIar' ds through 90" cit" owing
fo -nr g,sEy SNOW. When these iculle- removed W.
VIII undoubtedly l.". m1,H lac owing 's 'it i'.'' n
f-fl.. west thu d-tsTs made rctrcEtH -
nl.r.I-l-- o.
scarce eo- REALLY - - A. Ar"n"l ioI -4'fi
REMAINS qlia; VITA bat little INJURY during lHe Nre ie
his been sal Of 900 h!-. ai sec. T. r ~ t M''ri-
raeaa Receipts oi i'ighwuos and Alcohol iOr TIE week,
~. MI =. salrs. - bAls.
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
=. n.,a. Missouri s,xes Of 1879 sold at Ioo,s.

w state bonds Missouri sizes of 1873 sold at zoos.
mnSIrfh w Carnlnas at 21&622. and new Tennessees,
oM CITY hank stocks sold follows: American Ex-
So 81 ~ 400 at 1O5. Bank of Commerce u5W nj loo,
n t,ll al IS, and Fourth National (eO) az 9S.
nsd honts were strong aud well distributed busi-
~ was done. -, , - -
-. = :,s SOS 700 In bonds 70 secure bank Circua-
% and 9OS7 900 20 secure public deposits. United
I,'' I bnnds deposited for circulation for the week
s.t- tolav II OH 400; United states bonds held for
rrrafion Withdrawn for the week ending to-day,
S5.D0a. National hank eifcalatlon ontstaneing % z
- f,,roiuc changes IN deposits 20 securc hank crcu
Lti ,e1 AGAINST q contraction OF S751 96s IN lerai-
80 nof.s National bank notes received ior rcdemp-
-, f.r tle week ending to-day compared with the
i. NC week pf year:
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
pRIyT cLOTHs MAHKFT


PEovTf rvcr r. L. 6Te pruru- tnthswarkrt CLOSED
n- nj t. standard ard Extra btA' - g'si~, s"u
pla cit L..G AO t,-, rates The sales Of tu weci
foot up .oJJ pieces.
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
IRVING SAVIyGs INSTITUTION.

No g8 WARREN ST. NEW-YORK.
Money deposited on or before JAN 10 draws interest Hom
Jan. 1.
Bank open daily from 10 a N. to D. M - -
WALTER NJ CONCKLfN, President
&. %. HEATOS. Secretary.
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
5apiuss Banks.
Broadway Savings Institution,

No 237 Broadway entrance on Park. place.
deposits entitled thereto for The months en
ing Dee 81 1879 the rate 0f SIX PER CENT PfR An
M on ali - d viii be paid on ana after
MONDAY. Jan. -.
Money deposited now will interest from April l.
FRANCIS +. SCHOAI4s, President.
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08
NgETRnPOLITAN SAVINGS BANK.

II l and IHIkDAVE., OPP Cooper Institute.
CHARTERED 1852.
4TTF EEAI-ANNtALs tNfEREST.
The Trustees II Bank have Orlor thaT interest ~ thc
rate 0f PER CENT peT anCm out OF Tue cHiIEs 9i
Tie vast MONTHS be paid deposcis Oh and afLer an lo'
1871 - -, l.. o..t.,.s ,o
ih''le'' if''' 'i' -l'- - ISAAC T. SMITH President.
a. F. ocKrRsHtCsEN Vice Presidents.
CIARKsOs CKouCs, y =. -. 60.
New-York tribune., 1877-01-08

II .c niI. ami ,cld a. d la.c. g. n
q f-.taupu ,sl- .u-acT Il a-G C fur standard
Wite. II "a Zlec for Powdered and Grauu7ffG
10 for rushed aa, E -, Cut Loaf c.rs'a 4iirt
Ili. firm lt r. 97-,. tat Ga Good Ltulln- 't .i
Prime. In0 no f1r trltt eai after important .a~S
,r f.r last :a.-. .ar 2laN reported M fa, lT
ufp boxes tlsy.Gg luH fls, tuO AAiS and V' '-
teifrif l4l a. lo- !u IND 3e'O bags aSt lEia on t
ysf- jer'i's. $1,000. . .., ..
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31

double-mould board plough, is quite suf-
fcient. II is no wonder that the average
yield of corn in some states noted for
their rich soils, does not reach twenty
bushels per acre, while those farmers who
practice thorough and deep culture OBJ
tain seventy.fvc to one hundred bushels,
with no better foundation TO build upon
than those who seldom get more than ten
to fifteen. The season for cultlvating
crops is at hand, and we say, keeping the
plough and c~ultivator going among the
rows, and do not be afraid of letting in
the air, or allowing the moisture to es-
cape through frequent stirring.
Another objection to working among
corn and potatoes after plants have
reached a good size is, that there is dan
ger of cutting off, or at least disturbing,
the large lateral roots; but the injury, il
any should be done, which is not all
probable where a cultivator or horse hCe
is used, will be more than made good by
the beneficial effect OF stirring the soil.
1t is 50 easy TO test the effect OF frequent
culture of growing crops, that it is some
what singular that more experiments are
not made in that direction. We once
had a neighbor who never failed TO raise
an excellent crop of beets and cabbages
and who attributed his success to trans
planting the first and hoeing the latter
twice a week for the first month after
the plants were set out.
O~fcourse where frequent and thorough
culture is practiced; no weeds get long
enough to become troublesome and this
alone will fully compensate for the extra
labor OF going overthe field a great num-
Der of times. Let those who have been
troubled with noxious weeds heretofore,
try beginning early, and then going
through their corn, potatoes and similar
crops often then see if it does not
prove to be the best and most economical
system of ctlture.-N Y. heekiy SIN.
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31
Important Discovery.

There is a sensation among astrOno-
mers at Washington, caused by the dis,
covery by Prof. Hall, in charge of the
great telescope at the Naval observatory,
Of two satellites TO the planet Mars.
The astronomers of the observatory say
that they consider this discovery as
ranging among the greatest telescope
discoveries of the century, and that only
two in fact, can be be said to have eX-
ceeded it--that of the Asteroids in 1901,
and that of the planet Neptune in 1916.
The discovery has shown the eXcep-
tional value of the new telescope. The
discovery was first made on the night
of the 10th, near midnight. At that
time, Prof. Hall observed what at first
appeared to him like a very faint and
| obscure star, which seemed to be follow
ing in the track of Mars. Some time af-
terward another observation showed that
the star was in the track of the planet,
and some distance from it, notwithstand-
ing the planet was moving away with
the same velocity per hour. The meas
urements which were subsequently taken
by the astronomers convinced all that
a great discovery had been made. 1t
will take a considerable period to accu-
rately determine in detail the results OF
this observation, Prof. Newcomb tele-
graphed to the European bservatoriesthis
discovery, and, it is hoped, if there was a
clear day in Europe, additional intorma'
ton will be received from there.
Prof. Hall, who has kept continuous
watch at the instrument for a week, and
who was fortunate enough to make this
remarkable discovery, makes the follow
ing statement:
The first satellite of Mars was dis.
| covered in the naval observatory at
Washington on the night of August l6,
1t was first seen at 11:42. 1t has been
observed in the night of the 10th, 18th
and 18th of August. The time Of the
rotation of this satellite about Mars Is
about 80 hours its greatest apparent
distance from the center of Mars is SO
seconds of an arc. | think | saw another
satellite Saturday morning about four
o'clock, but of the existence of the second
satellite | am not absolutely certain. |
believe, however, that there are two, and
expect to be able to determine this to-
night. In its appearance it is a faint
object of about the thirteenth or four
tenth magnitude. 1t was possible to
discover the satellite only by putting
Mars, which is exceedingly bright, out of
the field of the telescope, so as to get rid
of the bright light of that planet"
Halls statement ends
"The distance of the first satellite is
between 1900 or $4,000 miles, which
is less than any known planet, The
lower one, as to the existence of which
the astronomers are not yet absolutely
certain, is still closer. The diameter is
very small, probably not more than so
or 100 miles"
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31
sheep HuSbandry In Ohio.

An Ohio farmer writes: "The bulk OF
wool which is combing in this locality
sold at As and AZ cents per pound.
Our sheep are Cotswold grades, with
several hocks of thoroughbreds. 1t is
now over forty years since Mr.. Townsend
introduced leng-wool sheep into this
county, and they have proved so success
full as to nearly or quite displace all other
breeds. Mr.. Joseph Wexford, of this
place, sheared and sold from 81 sheep
2Sl4 pounds; Mr.. Abbey, from 100
sheep, SIS pounds; Messrs. Smith Van
Wormer, nearly 81 pounds per head from
their aocks. This is all clear, brook
washed wool, and grade Cotswold. A
flock shearing under 7 pounds per head
is and shoGld be considered a neglected
one, and lily bred"
A fleece that weighs eight pounds and
sells at 40 cents a pound, gives the pro-
ducer three dollars and sixty cents for
wool alone. At the same time the in
crease of the flock, the growth of lambs
and mutton will more than cover all ex-
penses. Can a farmer ask for a better
business? Why not let fields of cotton
rest for a while and produce bales OF
wool instead of bales of cotton? 1t will
require fewer field hands, less plows and
mules, and bring not a small part, but
the whole plantation into an improving.
rent.paying condition. No man can
t%ruthfully deny that a farmer may pro.
duce a pound of wool worth IS cents
cheaper than a pound of cotton worth It
cents,
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31

Among the many valuable lessons
which the late severe drought in Califer-
MIA has probably taught the farmers of
that state, zone will prove more useful
than that of the importance of deep and
thorough culture. We read of one in
stance where a man has lost his entire
r of wheat, with the bare exception
of ten acres, which were ploughed twice
before sowing, while the Others were
ploughed only once. Now, we have long
claimed that if the soil is worked deep
enough and finely pulverized, it will take
a very severe drought to prevent it from
maturing a crop. The yield may be les
sened by a drought, but a total failure
would be something very unusual on soil
that had been stirred by a plough sixteen
to twenty inches deep. To work soil to
such depth is certainly an expensive
operation but what of this, So long as a
proportionate return is obtained To
make two blades of grass grow where
one grew BEFORE" is the aim, or should
he. of every good farmer and if ten
acres can be made, through deep culture,
70 Weld as much as twenty by the usual
systems of shallow ploughing, there must
be a gain equal to the cost of the extra
ten acres.
When we hear accounts of crops of
! strawberries of from three hundred
TO four hundred bushels per acre,
we NAV rest assured that the four
inch ploughing of the land was con-
sidered satisfactory, or even practiced.
| The largest crop we ever SOW of this fruit
IL
was upon a rather stiff loan, which had
been worked over to the depth of two
feet. and MANFRED literally throughout.
| Dry weather in summer had little or no
effect upon this land, for it was a gigantic
sponge, holding a certain amount OF
moisture and no more.
Some farmers seem to be averse, not
only to ploughing deep, but often. IT
the ground is wet, they at once tell you
that it is not good to work over land
when it is in this condition when 1t Is
very dry, they are always afraid OF max
ing it dryer by stirring, and between
these two conditions there are few OPP
portunities of ploughing land when ii
is Just right. Perhaps this is one reason
why some only plough out or cultivate
and hoe their corn and potatoes once
while a few farmers never put a hoe ints
tie field, considering that 10 run through
the young plants with a c%ultivator, o.
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31
THE CUSTER BATTLEFIELD.
A Lite rai GoigOtha where wolves Have
Fed and Left OnIy cleaning
aud Broken skeletons.

Letter In Chicago Times Of August 20.
Crossing the river at the lower ford,
the battlefield is approached upa gently
sloping hillside, rank with sage brush,
cactus, and very poor grass. The sun
beams with great brightness and warmth
that is almost sitting, while an oppres'
sive stiffness prevails, save as it is now
and then broken by the melancholy
chirp of some sympathetic bird. In
Indian file our party Of eight moved up
the trail to the crest of the hill, whcre
we suddenly came upon six bone heaps,
with a piece of tepee pole sticking in the
ground at each pile, as a sort OF burlesque
monument, Upon one of the stakes
hangs a white sombreo pierced with two
bullets, and covered with clotted blood.
The carcasses of two horses lie together,
and behind them a large quantity OF
cartridge shell, indicating that the poor
brutes were killed by their riders and
converted into breast works. Down the
incline a few yards, and near the head OF
the canon, are several piles of bones
dumped together like a lot of garbage,
and at the center of the collection APP
pears a crude board cross, lettered as
follows;
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31

Hogs are hogs, and pork will be pork
the coming season, 1t therefore behOoves
all who can to take care of what they
have, and get oil they can. Corn put
into hogs this fall will be worth near or
quite q dollar per bushel. Beside the
unusual demand, the loss in hogs in some
portions of the United States has been
fearful. Mr., Dodge, the statistician of
The department of agriculture, reports as
the result of the investigation of losses
from diseases of swine during the past
twelve months the destruction of four
million animals, all ages, and money loss
more than twenty million dollars. One
fifth the loss occurred in Illinois. Next
in prominence are Missouri, Iowa and
Indiana, which together lost ten million
dollars. Several southern states also lost.
The losses are very small in the country
bordering on the great lakes and the
Pacific coast, Of the remaining districts,
West Virginia comes nearest exemption,
and Ohio and the Atlantic coast states
stand better than the "alluvial districts.
The apparent loss is equivalent to one
third OF the sum of the exports of pork
prOduCeI last e
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31
TOPICS FOR THE FARM.
tao Long whine on Flows.

Most plowmen have 50 fong whiflle.
trees that it is often lmpracticable to
make any pillow work satisfactorily.
Excellent plows are denounced as
worthless, and rejected, simply because
the double whifletree or the OK yoke
was too long. Yet the plowman never
suspects wherein consists the true cause
of the difficulty. Our W practice
from boyhoQd has been to make double
whifletrees for ploughing never more
than two feet between the points of at
tachrent of the singletrees, which were
about twenty-three inches in length.
When it was desirable to pillow narrow
flrrowslices, the singletrees were at
tached only twenty-five inches apart.
Let a plowmsn attempt to pillow with
a double tree six feet in length, and he
will readily understand why a pillow
will not run correctly when She double.
tree is too long. The plough will be
drawn to far from the furrow to the I'M
%ploughed ground, unless the plowman
makes a constant effort to prevent the
implement from cutting a furrow-slice
wider than can be properly turned over.
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31
4 Boy Who stuck TO Farming.

I've
When q boy, from ten to fourteen years
of age, | was taught to milk and do other
I" chores" night and morning, before and
after school hours. My father was a
farmer as we'll as a politician, He pas
tured his cattle upon the meadows after
moving, and in the late autumn and
midwinter, when the ground was bare,
all the heaps or balls of debris on the
meadows or pastures were broken and
distributed by using a maui. Saturday
was vacation from school, and | worked
at beating and scattering the debris on
the pasture lands, being paid by my
father ten cents a day for eight hours.
| accumulated 50, for which my father
sold me a heifer calf and bargained to
keep it for me by my working half a day
each week. This | did, and at the end
of one year | exchanged my heifer with
my father for two male calves. Almost
every day after these calves were two
weeks old | occupied my spare time in
teaching them to work in the yoke--a
small one, with two bows, which a friend
made for me. At two months old they
would " gee " and "haw" as we'll as old
oxen. They were then turned to pasture
until September. When my father was
moving the grass on his salt meadows,
situated on the borders of Long Island
Sound, these calves were taken and used
to lead the heavier cattle team over the
meadows. Again, they were used in
midwinter to lead the team in breaking
in his two-year olds. As these calves or
young steers grew up, | taught the
neal OK to let me ride him, while
the oft OK would come along in
bis place, as / often drove
nv fathers stock from the pasture to the
barnyard. So much for my early echo
ring" and team work.
After | was thirteen my father gave
me a piece of ground each year, that |
could plant and work on shares, and if |
wanted help | had to give two days of
my time to the hired mans n day. |
grew Just what my fancy and reading
dictated, and from the proceeds | dressed
as well as any of the boys of the present
time. | always had some time to play,
and time to read, and now look back with
love and pleasant thoughts to the old
farm, and the farm hand who taught me
to use tools, to hold the pillow, and to
bring the point and heel of my scythe 50
as to level the swath clean and true.
Once, when driving the OK team to the
pillow, / failed in keeping them in a
straight line at the end of the furrow,
but | danced for it when the plowman
took the whip from my hands and laid it
heavily over my back and legs. | al
ways afterwards drove the team out
straight, and | have tried to drive it
straight now over seventy years.
The remembrance of my W boyhood
has always induced me to favor all items
of encouragement at home on the farm,
and | believe if it were more generally
practiced we should have more good
farmers and less broken.down merchants,
or loafng, hanging-on, time.serving
clerks, ready for anything except honor
able labor aud usefulness, belonging to
the highest order of creation Country
Gentiemun.
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31

formula moro complicated than the
problem itself" instead Of owning his
farm, the farm appears to own him. Such
men need vacations. They need to visit
other farmers, TO learn, if possible, easier
or better methods of farming or Of living.
They need to attend farmers conventions
and organizations, to gain new ideas
something to broaden and enlarge their
views of life. People who always stay at
home are sure to see all the dark sides
and shadows of their own lives. They
need to learn and to realize that storms
and drouths and thunder-storms and
freshets visit other farms besides their
own that weeds and insects thrive in all
degrees of longitude hat flies and dirt
accumulate and annoy other households
beside the ones they preside over. In
short, the need to learn how other people
live.
Could farmers manage 80 as to be less
confined to their farms; could they work
more in partnership, as do men in other
business, or could they believe it profit
able to employ a higher grade of laborers
linen whom they could trust alone for a
day or a week, or could they earlier train
their sons and daughters to have a care
and an interest in the affairs Of the farm
and the household, then they could
oftener find the opportunity for leaving
the farm, and thus be, in reality, what
they have the name of being, the most
" independent class of people in the
world"
Let farmers so arrange their business
that every member of the family can, at
some time during the season, take a va
cation without causing serious disturb.
ance in home affairs, and there would
soon be less complaint heard about the
dullness of farm life.--New England
Farmer.
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1877-08-31

Farmers, as a class, think too little of
vacations. All farmers do not work
extremely hard, o remarkably steady,
nut there is often too much Jogging and
plodding on the farm. 1t would be bet
ter to work a little sharper for a few
weeks, and then take a week for recrea-
ton away from the farm and its cares,
than to be eve in the same harness,
even II we do not keep the traces con-
stantly stretched. Vacations are becom-
ing decidedly popular among nearly all
classes. Once we supposed they belonged
only to schools and colleges, but Judges
ana lawyers have for many years had
thelr vacations between court terms, and
the clergy have also gradually come to
expect a few weeks of relaxation from
PASTORAL duties during the hot weather of
summer Business reople, especially
Vhose living in cities, from the senior
Pdrtner down to the entry clerk, all
count upon a vacation as regularly as
does the school boy or college student.
we nave long felt hat most farmers
are tco single-handed. They are too ant
" keep the reins in their own hands
y /, tOo apt 10 dc all their WORK
themselves, or, if they hire, they employ
help who are too unskilled to be trusted,
even Tor a day, out of sight. There are
farmers, or men who are classed as such,
lor they do nething else, who will lean
against a n~eighboi's eace by the hour
together and discuss the weather, criti-
clse other neighbors' doings, or moan over
IIe ravages OF squash bugs or cut worms,
winch they are too lazy to destroy, who
need no vacations. They are so " corsti.
tutionally tired" that resting doesn't
rest them. There is not tension enough
III their muscles for relaxation to have
"Iyenect Such mennever get a new idea
while 1t is new; they are like the dull
Icnool boy, always at the foot of the class
put there are other men who, like wel'
scls' are seldom caught asleep. Such
rieh are too often completely tied to theil
ARMS, like horses to a loaded cart.
instead of the farm being managed fol
tneb eneht of the farmer, the man and
ms whole family seem to be run for tn,
good OF the farm, or, as Thoreau ha.
~ the farmer is endeavoring {,
OiSe the problem of a livelihood by