, 1877-12-26

W. uII4lA kuuhlHN LII tLCFAhk A'N"i'H W
Siberia fpE fitting out expeditions at .cn, We trY
to form mn klcn Of thosc Russlan expeditions
which, with such extraordinary pcrssyeFancct
were scnt ont to the North Const of albcIfn In
well-appo1n,cA steamer wlll be able 10 penetrate
far beyond The place where these little boats
went. These lHfats we're small; too fratl fDr tho
Ice; useless IN tho high seas. very, often fcred
to9ether with ntthes, and carried large crews.
"Unlg three sea v0snVes, or rather conet!nR
voyages, arc known Id this f,art Of The Ka5lsn
Sea, all under tho ,llert,ton Of the mates Min!n
and stcr1cEoH. The first attempt was made in
LBS. IN a 'tlonblo sloop,' seventy tcet long,
seventeen fcct wide, and soEen and one',alf feet
dcers butt in Tol,otk, AMI thence carried to
the Jeniscr by Lieut.. Owxyn. alinin eaiied in
this vesacl down the JcnI:ey 10 ~ deE. h3 min.
north north latitude: 4 yawl Tas then a,,,;tea.s sent
,ar'er toward tho nofi' gut "ns .o oolee,f ~
provisions bcsore It 1Isd reached that
place at the mo.1th If tho Jeniscy wbicl, lIave
namch Dtckson's fost. In the following Iesf
nnotller atten1nt was mntlc With the satnc fe,
IN reaching - tlrr. Is min. north latitude,
having encountered great dangers during
hcasg gale at tho moatl, Of tho riTct. They TO-
turned on the :M ot ecptcmhcr, Just when the
tcra na,l begun, principally on account Of its
iascness. We hare. however, some further 10"
formation concerning tho leo at this coast,
founded npon real observations, Middendolas
tllc acattcrtt,tan, during his celebrated cxpEor-
Ing Journey in the nnrili Of Siberia on Aug. 2s
fs,a came overland tn the seacoast at tho bay
Of Thiniur {75 deg. 10 rnn north latit1ide), and
found tho sca free frun1 leo "a tar Nsthe ere eou
rcncf from tho hills TN Al,erc. Mkldcnhorh states
further that Fotnln. Yakut. thc only orc who
declared TINT the fce breaks up In tho sea out,
side in the nrst 1a|f Of August, anil Is carried
oil tho toast hy tho so,lthcrly winds, nut FUR
tier, however, than tint the cdeo Of tho leo
may be seen from tic hills oil sllorc.
"The country between Tatmur and Caps
TschcltuHkn vas mapped out by Tnchel1usstn
In 1739, diring Journeys Il, s!eiKiis along tte
coast. II Is now m established fact that the
him In inc month Of Mar. t743.. and then, Of
course, tho eca was covered with 1ee. There are
no observations conccrnEI. tlle tcc during sum
mcr anti autumn III tte sca ne1t west Of Cape
TachclI I1skfn, but witt the navtgab'tty OF tslia
sen Is questioned It may be necessary to point
out that IN Sept. ], l7aa}, prontschfsc1etf, IN
open sea, NTH cuAstlng vessels from the East.
very nearly reached the most northern point Of
Asia, supposed TO bc situated nt i deg. 81 min:
north latitude and 1t)5 deg. east longitude and
pcntcily tlavu sailed far eastward from the
northern point Of Nova Ietnb'a II deg. north
latftuit and " deg. east luntttude, without
meeting any tee.
urnnoaHtru1c KHoWtEpaE 70 pn OBTAINED.
From tho foregoing 1t Is clear TINT VIC have
at prcsent no colurletc or real olsacsratt0na
founded On knowledge Of the hYdruxraphical
conditions along tue coast bctwcen the Jcnisey
and Capc TsshcljuskIr. con"Ider, however,
that during ssntcsaecs aud possibly the latter
OF finding the water free from ece, Or at least q
broa1 channel al0ng the coast, on account Of
tbs immense volumes u WARM water the great
rlversz:obt, lrtlscl'' and Jenisey-poar Into the
steppes Ut Aasa, rccelyc, during August, watcr
everywhere greatly heated from d river basin
larger than I'LL this bastns together ot ali tho
rivers running Into thu Mediterranean and tho
Port and White Island . powerful fresh water
current tunninE uarthHart. The tnaueucd
Of tho carth's rotation In tlcso high. latt.
tuites upon rivers tunntnE IN the drac-
,o c,s.ae 81 sS a sfs asnr. L 1: ,5s r1t1;
to,Iilng from tho south Mi cnstcr1y inclination.
'rhp wa,era of QltJcnssty nra thus ut fist, nc
may say. confined within current of their own
aloi'g the stlure Of tl,o TalMur country uattl
this current beyond Capc 'nchelj ls a.
northeast aud Gust. haye In calm weather,
near sl.e outlets Ut the Iazge rivers, observed q
Temperature VI plus W. degrees Gels. {Aug. II,
1s5 su;;s .! S 1ssssy s a [Su sass's e q }1 ths
ThIa. eugtunt, toultng fretu tue south, produces,
Is usual, trBt eOlal unIercurrcnt wt,fcfl, during
gale, easily .N!xes ltsc!t viii. the surface
wnltr, thereby chilling It, antl then northcry
kttttit EAEtEA+9 HHaEt3 AfNh
tho rotation Of tlsc earth. receives westerly In
cl!natuu aut eyidGntsy tuus ttatu tho opening
between Cane Tarllei {usktn and tho north
print Of Hoga EetNh!a towarl the eas&-
cause Of tho large ..asscs Of dc!st iee tint Il.
summer aro pressed ip against tho east coast 0f
Nova Zu,nblA. According to my cxpcricnce ana
the unanimous statements at the fishermen this
lvs H.e!ts almost cosup1etcly away III tue ats-
tuHln.
"To determine the l!stanee the current conf
fnE from Ub4lrnacy n,aY br ablu 10 curry III tho
rift Ice It is vel! % remember that even very
feeble current will ufucnco the position Of the
ire, md that, fur tnstanee, the current OF tho
lliycr La Plata, tho volume u waser Of which
IL not equal to that uf QA-lentsey, ts quite per
yeptltlr ut distance OF 1,50) Kilometres from
tho mouth Of TIC rtgeg..-that ta to say, about
three times as far rs tho distanre fron Dicksons
a!ouo can 10 compared with the karlan Sea
| M 10 the s!ze of area cgs,sscl by tho
rivcrs running into tho Gulf; THO river cur
rrnts from, tint gnlt ase considered to largely
| blow!ug tn these regions during tile nutuwual
inontlis from tho northeast contribute aon,e-
what towarA tho keeplng oi 8 broad, ttlcsahly
lcc.frce channel along tue aforementioned
ctAst.
MopEnN ArrkrANcEs. =
Tho knowledge We hays of the sea east Of
| Cano Tscfcituskin Inward tho Luna u princi-
pally founded TN observations u,atlu ny expeill.
los sent out bGf0rc the 1Ntdlle Of tue Inst cen
| fury by the Russian uoyern,nont Tor survey nj
| the In1st northern paEt 0f Asia. For tuFrrct
Judgment of the results thus won It Ia netcssary
10 bear In t,.tttl that these expeditions w1re car.
rlrl out In small craft, 1f build which III our
| days would b. considered guta iuappltcabte
To vessels Intended Tor sailing In the high seal
md too frugite To resist The lee. At. the
SANG kluc the great eoHraRe. the extraordinary
| perseverance,, endurance Ut hanlslfps anI tol!u
which llayc a1Ways distinguished the Russian
polas traveller, may we'll hu admitted. They
not 0nly lacked sttatn, tho powerful auxiliary
Of our iay, but thcF hal not cven common
sall,ng rid suitable tor rcal mancu yerlug, aud
| wcru principally ,nanpe1 by craws from thu sly.
efs u klHeria, who tIad neYcr seen thu aca no.
4 experienced d sail among occan fec, Consider.
lux these circumstances It appcsrs to mo thai
| the voyages | will HOW mention necessarily
proye that also hers . naYlgabt6 sea may, ID
autumn, t,s expected"
! WHAT NAH nRxn DKAoNsTRATBD.
! After recittlR thu accounts OF these early ex.
| plOrers tho Professor ca,nt.nuea: ''From what
l,ays now statel 1t 10 evident that the sea ".
| Ing north of the northern coast Of Siberia, be
tween the mouth VI thu Jen fsoT aud Tsclanbay,
| tlas neYcr heen plowol by the keel OF
steamer espccislly fitted out fur sailing among
icu; that tLs srp4il yessclY with nhlch attempts
have been iuaun III tllls p8rt Ut th1 oceau have
beyur JclltuEgtt very FIR fFutu &llpte: that ai