davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1877-03-08

tigation.
TIMER CLAIMS.
The following circular has been re-
ceived at the Worthington land office.
1t explains itself:
DEPARTMENT OF TIE INTERIOR,
GENERAL LAND OFFICE,
WASHINGTON, d. G., Jan. 8, 1877.
GENTLEMEN: The second section of
the act OF congress entitled AN act to
amend the act entitled An act to ell
courage the growth of timber on west
ern prairies, approved March 10, 1874.
contains the following provisions, viz. !:
and the party making an
entry of a quarter-section under the
provisions of this act shall be required
to break ten acres of the land covered
thereby the first year 4 ~
In compliance with the direction of
the honorable secretary of the interior,
dated December %, 1876, you are in
structed that the claimant in each case
must perform, or cause to he perform
ed, the act Of breaking ten acres of land
within period OF one year from date
Of entry; and that breaking done before
date OF entry cannot be appropriated by
the party entering and lie claimed by
him as a compliance with the statute.
You will see that ;ll parties who may
make entries under the provisions of
said act of March 13, 1874, (amended by
act of NJ y 20, 1861 are fully advised
of this decision of the honorable secre-
tary.
Very respectfully,
| j. A, WILLIAMSON.
| Commissioner.
To register and receiver ut Worthing-
! ton, Mimi.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

1t seems 10 some of us that while this
question of the education of the farmer is
just now of paramount importance, it is
also very practical one and should be
treated in a practical way.
In discussing this subject do not give us
too much "glittering generalities," or
generalities that do not glitter, AS the
average present farmer Of Vermont is
outside, belOU the reach, of any teaching
or educational influences, tell US in plain
direct way what we shall do to educate
the future farmer.
Do The farmers boys and girls require Il
special education to ",give them that early
mental training and instruction ,by which
alone the human mind is fitted to receive
and make use of knowledge" lfso, then
tell lis directly and definitely what course
of study in the common school, upon
which more than three quarters of our
boys and girls must depend for all the
education they get, will give them suit
able special education; one that will fit
them for successful farming.
1t serves no practical purpose'to tell us
that our common schools are not up with
the lines" They are what the combined
wisdom and labors of the legislature, and
the best educators of the state, have made
them, but if they are not up with the
times let us all take hold to bring them up
and make them what the farmers require.
This winter is Il good.time for the agri-
cultural papersl to give us the benefit of
their wisdom on this subject, and as most
of the farmers can read,-thanks 10 such
schools as we have for so much,-we will
study and ponder well all the instruction
you give us on the subject of Ohat educa-
ton the farmer needs, and hOw he is to
best get it. FARMER.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05
NOVEMBER Goth, 1877

NOV EMBEh AuIll' 100 -
p 81 will add that since writing the
foregoing have received letter from His
Excellency, Gov. Fairbanks, saying that
he has had conversation with some of the
Supreme Court Judges and other leading
men in the state, in reference to this mat
ter, and that he finds the general expires
sion is that the legislature intended to give
the board twenty five hundred dollars per
annum, in which opinion he concurs.
We print above the rather tardy decis-
ion of Auditor Ladd, of the question
whether the State Board of Agriculture
have the twenty-five hundred dollars per
annum or only that till another legislature
meets. 1t is not ordinarily the province
of the Auditor to construe the law, and ii
is to be regretted that the legislature made
the occasion which has resulted in his SC
doing, and thus establishing dangerous
precedent. There was in and about the
Legislature an influence strongly antago.
nistic to the State Board, and we cannot
tell, and we presume the legislature them
selves didn't know what the act did mean
We are certain that the meetings Of the
board are valuable, and their loss for a
single season would be a serious damage
to our most prominent interest, but if Au.
dtor Ladd had adhered to the strict letter
of the law, and the lesson taught had
resulted in giving us less of hasty, oarelcs;
legislation, the lesson might have been
chcaply bought.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

president of the University of Vermont
and State Agricultural College for the time
being, and their successors in office for all
time (unless the act is repeaed) are the
actual board, with authority resting in the
governor to fill all vacancies which may
occur from any cause. The secretary, too,
holds his Office until his successor shall
have been appointed. If | am correct thus
far, the legislature has created Board of
Agriculture with permanent and perpet-
ual existence, with positive provisions in
The law that meetings shall be held in each
county in the state annually, that the
members of the board shall receive per
diem pay for their services, and their eX
penses necessarily incurred in the discharge
If their duties; that Il secretary shall be
employed who shall not have or pursue
any other business which shall in any
manner interfere with the full performance
of the duties which may be assigned to
him by the board, who shall make an an
nual report, and who shall be paid such a
sum MS shall be determined upon by the
board; that the board may in its discre-
ZION employ lecturers, essayists, or other
aid in conducting its affairs; and the ques-
ton is whether the legislature intended
the board should draw from the state
treasury twenty-five hundred dollars per
annum, or only that sum during its whole
life. am constrained to believe it was
their intention to allow the board the sum
named annually, should it be necessary.
Such a construction seems reasonable to
me, the other would seem unreasonable.
1t would hardly seem necessary to go out
side of the act itself to arrive at this con-
clusion but we cannot shut our eyes to
other facts; among them that Vermont is
almost exclusively an agricultural state;
that its farming interests are paramount
to all others; that majority of the men,
bers of the legislature who made the law
in question we're farmers; and that ii
would not seem in consonance with the
public interest and liberality exhibited by
them in appropriations for other public
benefits, that they could have intended so
insignificant an encouragement to the
farming interests of the state as this act
would be, interpreted otherwise than rs !
have construed it.
Yours, respectfully,
JED p. LADD.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

WHAT CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DOES Nor
Do.-Some time since certain interested
persons endeavored to convince the st.
Louis Board of Health, that swill, and the
milk derived from its use, are wholesome,
because chemical analysis do not show
anything Objectionable in them. Such ar
guments are deceptive. Chemical ANALYSIS
goes no further than to indicate the rela-
tive proportions of material in the sub
stance Analysed 1t tells us that so much
of this, and so much of that existed in the
given substance. 1t does not 90 into the
condition in which the material existed,
nor tell us what were the characteristics
of living structure from which such ma
terial was derived.
Whether it was connected with life that
was harmful or otherwise does not appear
from an analysis. Poisons often exist in
meat, milk, butter and cheese which re-
peatcd analyses have failed to detect. This
fact is notorious. The reason is the poisons
are organic, and the result Of life and
growth. The growth Of living organic
germs often produces poisonous results,
which cease and dissipate when the germs
die. This is especially true with the germs
in ferments. They may produce either
healthful products, or destructive and
deadly poisons, without having either the
presence of the germs or their poisonous
developments so much as limited at by an
analysis, because they are killed and them
selves and their products decomposed in
the process of Analysing.
The organic germs which are developed
in the swill in question in the form of fer
ments, constitute the most prominent item
in the effects produced upon the milk and
health Of the COWS consuming it, but Meth
Ell their character nor their presence even,
is indicated by the analysis of the milk or
the swill, though present in both. 1t
would be just as idle to rely on the analy-
sis of water to determine whether it CON
tanned the malaria oftyphoid Or chill-fever
us to depend upon it to determine the
merits of swill, which is full of organic
germs, as food for milch cows, when it
takes no cognizance either of the effect or
the existence of the germs,
The chemistry which invariably speaks
just as well of poison cheese as wholesome
cheese, and poison meat and milk as of
wholesome meat and milk, and entirely
ignores their respective organic poisons,
is not Il competent witness in deciding
whether swill, which is full of germs that
are more likely to be poisonous than those
in cheese and meet, is fit food for milc
COWS. That question can be fairly decid
ed only by an appeal to the results de.
velored.-Prof. B. A. arnold.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

Mr.. EDITORIALS this is n topic now
under consideration and discussion by two
men so well able to treat it in al its aspect,
as relating to the farmers as yourself anG
DR.. Hoskins, perhaps we farmers ought
not TO" pitch in" at least not until you are
through. However, as we are the interest.
ed party you will pardon word an
sure.
Now we are well aware of our def
ciencies in education, and us class not be
ing very sensitive or tender-toed, neither
you nor the DR.. need to be over anxiou,
or careful about insulting US by telling US
what we lack.
If three-quarters Of our number are SC
i'll educated that there is no possible way
of teaching us any thing e of the simple
primary facts and conditions on which
successful farming depends" why then
the tbree-quartcrs may as well know il
and not be wasting their time in attempt.
ing the impossible by trying to improve in
their methods of farmng;-so give us
plain talk, and do notbc beating about and
trying to say II disagreeable thing In an
agreeable way.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

WHY THERE is NO RAIN IN PERU.-In
Peru, South America, rain is unknown.
The coast of Peru is within the region of
perpetual south east trade winds, and
though the Peruvian shores are on the
verge Of the great Southsea boiler, yet it
never rains there. The reason is plain.
The southeast trade winds in the Atlantic
Ocean first strike the water on the coast
of Africa. Travelling 20 the northwest
they blow oblquely across the ocean until
they reach the coast Of Brazil. BY this
time they are heavily loaded with vapor,
which they continue to bear along across
the continent, depositing it us they 90, and
supplying with it the sources of the Rio de
la Plata, and the southern tributaries of
the Amazon. Finally they reach the snow
capped Andes, and here is wrung from
them the last particle Of moisture that
very low temperature can extract Reach
ing the summit of that range, they now
tumble down as cool and dry winds on the
Pacific slopes beyond. Meeting with no
evaporating surface, and no temperature
colder than that to which they were sui
.iecled on the mountain tops, they reach
the ocean before they become charged
with fresh vapor, and before, therefore,
they have any which the Peruvian climate
can extract. Thus we see how the top of
the Andes becomes the reservoir from
which are supplied the rivers of Chilli and
Peru.-NeW Orleans Pieaynne.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05
The Appropriation for the Board of Ag
riculture,
THE AUDITORS DECISION.



Alburgh Springs, Vt, Nov. %, 1877. {
Prof. HENRY NJ. SEELY.
N.Y. Dear Sir In answer to your writ.
ten request to me of some time ago, and
the more recent one of members of the
Board of Agriculture, to inform the BOARD
whether construe the act establishing said
Board as authorizing Inc to allow twenty.
five hundred dollars for the expense of the
Board annually, or only that sum biennial.
ly, l will say feel somewhat embarrassed
in the matter, as l have found every one
whom | thought should share the respon.
sibility Of deciding it with me. disposed tc
be relieved from all responsibility.
l therefore propose to meet the matter
squarely, and if make a mistake it shall
be of the head and not of the heart. In
my opinion, the appropriation contempla.
ted either twenty-five hundred dollars
annually, or only that sum during the
entire existence of the Board.
The literal reading of the act is "and the
entire expense of the board shall not ex.
coed twenty-five hundred dollars" 1t does
not say bienniGlLh but ''the entire expense
of the board" The board in my view Of
the case is not biennial one. The act
establishes n perpetual board, without fur
Their Legislation. The governor and the
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

SoMETIMEs.-It is sweet, sweet song,
warbled to and fro among the topmost
boughs of the heart, and filling the whole
air with such Joy and gladness as the songs
Of birds do when the summer morning
comes out Of the darkness, and day is born
on the mountains. We have all posses.
sions in the future, which we call ''some.
time" Beautiful flowers and singing
birds are there, only our hands seldom
grasp the one or our ears hear the other.
But o, reader! be of good cheer, for all
the good there is golden sometime y
when the hills and valleys of time are all
passed, when the wear and fever, the dis
appointments and sorrows of life are over.
then there is the place and rest appointed
of God. o, homestead over whose roof
falls no shadows or even clouds, and over
whose threshold the voice of sorrow Is
never heard; built upon the eternal hills,
and standing with the spires and pinnacles
of the celestial beauty among the palm
trees of the city on high, those who love
God shall rest under thy shadows, where
there is no sorrow or pain, nor the sound
of weeping sometimes"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05
CIaWSOn Wheat.

They have been having quite a row in
the west concerning this variety of wheat
which is comparatively new variety 1t
has become quite popular among the farm
rs,when the milers in convention solemn
ly resolved that it was the poorest of some
five or six varieties named.
Prof Kedzie, of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College, has taken the matter in hand
with considerable zeal, and by analysis
and practical tests, gained the following
results:
As to the character of the bread made
from the flour of the different varieties,
the result of the various trials reported
must certainly be regarded as showing
that the Clawson ranks as well as the
average. We quote only the trial made
in Prof. Abbotls family, which is very
fair sample of all the rest-with such diff
fcrences us might arise from various
causes other than any fundamental differ
ence in the several kinds of flour:
Mrs. Abbott places Soule's first, then
Clawson and Gold Medal, and Treadwel
last. She says Clawson required more
kneading than the others; but the quality
of bread made from Clawson, Soule's and
Gold Medal was about the same, and
could hardly be distinguished, one from
another. The bread of all four kinds Of
flour was kept for four days under the
same conditions when all were found to be
well kept, moist and palatabe, and there
was no pcrceptible difference in their keep
ing qualities
| As the fact that Clawson seemed to re-
qure II little more kneading than the 9th
ers, is spoken Of by several different per.
sons, it may be worthy of special mention
AS regards the outdoor character of the
Clawson, circulars were sent to farmers
throughout the chief eat-growing sec
ton of the state. A classification of the
replies received, we condense as follows:
Is Clawson wheat equal superior to other varietie
in withstanding frosts wet and drouth-95 per cen
say equal; 81 per cent superior.
Stiffness OF straw-SO per cent say superior to othe
Yield on summer faows per cent say 10 to Is bush
. els more per acre than other sorts.
Yield after other crops-77 per cent equal to othe
sorts; % per cent superior.
Ineectsressts Hessian fly better 80 per cent almos
nudge proof" nearly 20 per cent.
General merits-superior to other varieties 1913 pc
cent
The following sentences embrace Prof
KS conclusions:
have no interest in Clawson beyonc
the interest l feel in the prosperity of tn,
farmers Of our state, for whose benefit thi
Investigation has been made. am con
WINGED that there is nothing in its chemical
composition which would justify its exclu
sion from the market or grading it below
other white wheats. Compared with thu
flour of standard varieties of wheat raise,
in this state, the Clawson flour holds
good rank. For food value and palatabil
ty | ask no better wheat than the Claw
son. For hardness and productiveness
our farmers give it the first rank.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

In feeding pigs the question of profit has
been closely examined by James Harris
not only as to the yield OF pork, but also
as to the value of the manure. He con
siders the manure of corn fed hog worth
10 cent for every pound of corn consumed
This is equivalent to 20 cents bushel. Oh
$40 per ton, us the manurial value of corn
in addition to its feeding value, In on3 o.
his experiments, which, from the pre-
cision of its figures, must have been very
accurately performed, he found that 81
pounds of feed given to an Essex pig ir
one week cost 81 10 cents and produced
manure worth Al "a cents. Such result
as this is very renal kable, and if confirm
ed by further trials, would tend to show
that all our previous conceptions of the
value of animal dung have been far below
the mark.-C0nrdd Wilson, IN N. Y
World.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

PEPPER FOR FOWLs.-I thought it might
be interesting TO some of your readers TO
know the value of cayenne pepper for
moulting fowls. The present fall has been
a hard one in this section, for both old and
young. The long, cold rains through DC.
tober have kept them under cover most
of the time, except when scanty feed forces
them to seek their living out in all kinds
of weather, and if they have not a good,
warm, dry and clean place to roost in, they
are almost sure to come down with cold,
and roup will then make its appearance.
The old adage that 'an ounce of proven
ton is worth II pound of cure" is well
worth needing. Within the last two
months | have purchased and shipped,
mostly to market, upwards of two thou.
sand head of poultry, and without any dis
respect 10 the farmers that bring them, !
must say that n great many brought
show sadly the need of II great deal more
care. Calculation shows that about one
third are afflicted with colds, and some arc
in the more advanced Stages, whereas a
very little trouble and slight expense would
bring fowls through their moulting season
quickly, and they will be in better trim fol
fall and winter laying.
The method that find the most effect.
ual to promote health through this season
of the year, is to mix the feed in the morn.
ing with hot water, well seasoned with
cayenne pepper. One morning feed
corn meal and bran, and the next corn and
oats ground, equal parts, and once or twice
week | put two or three onions in theil
morning dish. As long as snow is of the
ground, do not feed heavy, as a stroll
out in any kind ofweather is good to make
their blood circulate freely, and they viii
not be rs likely to seek warmth by hud
ding together which is one Of the sures
ways to make any kind of disease spreaC
through the whole flock. feed at night
just before they go to roost, all the whole
grain they will eat greedily and no more
They need the heat of whole grain u
night more than at any other time.
If colds make their appearance, | uSt
pepper the first thing, and unless the hocl
is in the worst stages of roup,with canker
do not 60 to the expense of buying TIN
roup medicine, so freely advertised. TIT
common red pepper is just as effectua
(and more SO than many powders adver
tised) in the first stages, us any roup medi
cine ever brought before the public. 4
thorough trial will convince any one tina
ii is so.-E 4. T., Country Gentleman.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

Every one must remark that Mvoric
article Of winter clothing for children is ,
comforter swathed around the neck. Thi,
is great error; the feet and wrists ar,
the proper members to keep warm; the
face and throat will harden into healthy
Indifference to cold; but that muller
exchanged for an extra pair of thick socks
and knitted gloves, would preserve boy
or girl really warm and well. Blonchiti.
and sore throat have declined fifty pei
cent since the absurd use of high collar,
and twice round neckerchiefs went out Of
fashion; and if the poor would take better
care of their children's feet half the
infantile mortality would disappear. II
only costs trihe 10 put piece of thick
felt or cork into the bottom of boot or
shoe, but the difference is often consider.
able between that and doctor bill, with
perhaps the undertakers beside.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

At one of the county fairs, two farmers,
one of whom was the exhibitor of Il sim
pie balf-bushel of wheat, held this little
dialogue: Exhibitor" l raised ninety
two bushels of wheat like that on four and
one-half acres of land" His neighbour
We'll. if had read that in u paper l
wouldn't have believed it, but if you say
it's so, it is so, of course, and I'm an in
fernal fool to be buying my flour as | have
done for ten years and must do this winter,
for my land is just as good for wheat as
yours" There is whole agricultural
sermon in that little dialogue, and it is one
which has been preached II hundred times
and made hundreds of converts this fall.
Scores OF farmers who last spring couldn't
be made to believe that wheat could be
profitably raised in New Hampshire, be-
icve it now-4Nirror and Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-12-05

A CHEAP HANGING BASKET -Wher
you buy peaches do not throw away the
stones; save them until you have Il con
siderable quantity. Soak them in water {
few hours, to loosen the fruit remaining il
the dents; then scrub them clean with AZ
old toothbrush and split them in two
Now take an old two quart basin, punch
three or more holes near the rim for sus
pending cords, and one in the center of tho
bottom for drainage. Paint the basr
inside or coat it with melted rosen, to pre-
vent rust; cover the outside with putty
Press the half peach stones firmly into the
putty on the outside-putting the largest
ones on the bottom, and taking care mo-
t.. cover the hole for drainage. Now cover
the whole with little asphaltum dissolved
in spirits of turpeDtine. When the putty
is dry you will have a very handsome anC
unique hanging basket, resembling carved
work, rich enough to repay you well fol
your roube.-Americaa Garden.