Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1877-08-18


S~uaxm~~ra K@& Eam w-9r.ss<vam~
- s~wm4 tuz-. ysrr 80 .--- 81 ~
lsrsa@u- -sz@zzssecaw m mn n
49, @smA Tea -ss -aas~ag 20
wmn - z - HsEsrs- t.ss~~vsn E4s
~@ s-z~x-s ~s~ws-s 49, .---f ,~ra--E
q w@xms ar r@1 - - E@ar w@s
ez~-xmmsaw z-~w11g $50 ws~e ~
~ Co. fe~ 49, &@w~ sasv ns~EaFv - VI -
ssm-x~a sswsw w@r sasfasnx ~GTsgs=H1x N
.ax sww-~rax sAaw uf taa-~s st@. -n~ ia
~ D. ssl@A2-taGse. ca@srss=ssr> - IA
Esm<z~ss4G& Cs@sxrK q sparEs~9 s&ss1A -
shs. r~m&sAaial~ G.~-,pss As-s@sy
MsxsEn~x-a - T-<FnAGvs4 = : ~mA-
p~vxsnrr II ;ius ussthxesssru par e "a
rus~~n T4rkry. b~f~s~s b >444 and Al
ksnsa. xnsi csa-~ EPea thu 4 T. atic "a
Il hxs a Ts.pais;ioa ot t.~;~e-.n .se.erse and
seoo Up IT, the fifteenth century II
was under the dominion of ihs >rrbi&n
pnnces, and when Serbia wAs OserTGn by
the Ottoman Turks. Montenegro still
preserved its independence. Its people
we're Slavs, and to this day there is little
admixture of foreign blood among them.
They have all the Slovenian characters
tics in very marked degree, and the
same qualities that have made Russia such
= mighty nation have been displayed
throughout their whole history.
Early in their conflicts with the Turks
in 15l6-thc ecclesiastical, civil and
military power was combined in the per.
son of one. ruler, called the Vladika.
These Vladikas taught in the church, in
terpreted the laws from the bench, pre-
sided in the council, and fought in the
foremost rank of battle. Their power
was like that of the Medieval Popes, but
though great it was never abused.
About the year 100 Danilo became
Vladika, and an incident which soon fol-
lowed showed the indomitable spirit of
this people. Through the treachery of
some renegades he was betrayed to the
Turks, imprisoned, tortured, and only re-
leased on payment of 5000 ducats. The
Montenegrins determined upon vengeance,
q concerted attack was made, and every
renegade and every Turk in Montenegro
was hewn down. In 1712 Turkish
army of $4,000 men was sent against
Montenegro, aud was attacked and de-
feated by Danilo with $4,000 men. The
Montenegrins lost 118, the Turks 10000
at the lowest estimate. One thing is
worthy of note: in all these conflicts the
Turks never ventured to move against
Montenegro except with an army equal
ling or exceeding the total population of
that country. The Montenegrins almost
always forced battle, and left dead on
the field double and treble their own num-
Der Of Turks. The next year, however,
Turkey sent an army of 100000 and by
treachery overran the country. The peo-
pie betook themselves to their mountain
Businesses, and little injury was inflicted
beyond the destruction of their villages,
which were soon rebuilt. In 1891, 1927,
1882 other invasions took place, in which
the Turks were uniformly defeated with
great loss.
After the death of the heroic Danilo,
in 1875, no better fortune befell the Turks
in their invasions; and discouraged by
their repeated defeats, the Turks gave
over their attempts for time. During
the reign of Peter, who came to the throne
in 1889, Montenegro enjoyed an unusual
respite from war. Peter turned his at.
tention largely to the arts of peace, and
during his reign was promulgated code
of laws-Montenegro having been pre-
visusly governed, like Greece in the heroic
age, by oral authority and tradition.
This civilizing and humanizing process
could not but be greatly needed among a
people which for ten generations had
been engaged in one constant struggle of
life and death with bsrbarous and de-
termined enemy. The voice of bis peo-
pie declared Peter q saint, and for few
names in the Calendar can more he plead
ed than for him. Years after his death,
the people of Montenegro said of him
.'For fifty years he governed Us; and
walked before Us in pureness and upright
ness frym day to day. He gave rs good
laws and put m end 90 the discrderly
stase of the eoGetry. lie enlarged cur
fxvssier. and drove axAy our enemses.
Even GA has dexshh~d he spoke words 20
s1r esa=ss, wkscA have kspt p1@es smsng
- sncr he s2s gz@~ wklA@ be Yet lived.
ve s~Nre asy has n&zae We tesf kss xmzise
9 hars~anx- .s& has AH-vz = cEr-- We De
sssfxsa
f~4eT - E4a~H. k%2sA4fs - 'szss sasEsexxs&r@
sMA HE w~s 9 xz3as IA ss2zzsx xmls
szxzxxA. sns al s4srs& 20 a. m4r1saA wx.
a~x~~. hx As4 xls@ Apxn saaarzzxAAs s&
sn~a~6 &C. -e P-s~rs1<-w n G@@= EA<
Tsrxs a<zsz Az~asA~& 80 eas@z.-x sAw pr~.
Nrws Awzsg aaas Eaaak3ssazsa~e A@4 sxxz1sua
IA scw~ws = ss-sT Fra -&~ E4wsx. wa&z4
wwswas @xns mms.2e asa = zsNzs& xMm@M.
NmmwsH g. Ms @1xEsa wx~a raesssza@a zm&
sMm wmw&x ssszs Naz4s . xzss as ssss3@sazrs.
rzsswzr@ -sws @r@a xszsE @Tss~ a~ww &%@
aa@m@smN gaxxTs~e "a s4s maNa 1T ~
zs@sx 49, ~aaasessAsna aaaaas- agsss- rAam=r'
u ezmas1Ma&& sa.ss@zaaa=sw -s4 z4S aa&
l&Sm2
Rzasazs sss~n waa - axas - s s3M
M1m D. . xsss@ns~a~ 6s4zz IA. &As Mmnaamx
9smzsws ss a-a@zsss4a Egr Re- w-s@as< 3ns
rsesa~ms s1as@maa@l ma3awr nsazsass w2ag& s3
sse52 SA~ asas.sssMszs& "a en- @w szzg
ssw=aw ass ssas-z -w-s- b. Eassassss aamn~sss'
. ~nvsgr @sr~m@~e - sax < lszszk@a lie
Hkss aw mxssEzaxz 90 sssszssz smsas wA1nA