The Lake County star., 1877-06-07

WASTE MANUREs.


Farming In tl,iao o6nutvy y genefS1I,
conducted In loo and Vastefu} nan
ner, as compared V1kh the ol0se 60Dnp
miles and prudent oIcslls( (1pne q e
.feodpcing clasool oI the ickIy{
- IA p sn the T.
Y yol " ~ n pain aec6dnted
~ ~ pct th1 Rur 1pelIlate axle
'peede1<tp emIKl y 3 lJ1miles fartheI
WQt ~ fnd btIll nsore producttv'
ion1- and ~ cen leGg price. Th(
lInk- II, however, reached In certain
aG1zn1fionn< - fha- transportation of I
bushel Of corn to y sea-board marke
now exceeds the value Of the grain II
self when grown. Aeain, the exces
sive competition In mercantile anl
manufacturing business has reduced
profits to the minimum, and crowded
out many who must return to the cul
tivation of the soil and swell the mum
ber OF producers. All Indications poin
to the necessity Of improved culture
to closer calculations, to greater econo
mics In raw materials, to lessened cos
Of productions Close, careful, system
attic manufacturers guard against even
the smallest wastes, yet our agrtcultur
lists, cOnfronted with greater c0mpeti
ton In increasing ranks and lower
prices for produce, seem needless CON
oerniBg their opportunities. ,,,,..,,t.
The wastes on the average farm
would form 4 handsome income II
carefully collected and properly utiliz
ed. The principal drawback to profit.
able culture Is lack Of manure, vet q
large percentage of available material
Is annually wasted. Few farms are
prepared to save or utilize the LIQUID
animal manures, which are nearly az
valuable as the solid excrements, since
every beast averages ten or twelve tons
Of the latter to twenty-six hogsheads
OF the former. Tanks should be con-
structed to retain this important ele-
melt OF fertility, and cheap pump
arranged to throw the contents on ad-
joining piles Of manure, to check fer
mentation. Manure heaps exposed to
sun, air, dew and rain are fruitful
sources Of waste. apparent TO- every
thinking mind. ....'''.t.'.
Among the many waste manures OF
the farm we may mention the utilixa-
tion of weeds, which, X cut down In
their moist and succulent state and be-
fore Towering, are not only In condi-
ton to odecompose easily In the manure
heap, but are composed of the very
vegetable elements needed in other
crops ;sseventy pounds of potato tops
or eighty pounds Of sea-weed contains
n much nitrogen as one hundred and
fifty pounds of oAt straw. The drain
age OF the home, including soap-suds,
washings of dishes and the like, con.
taius elements too valuable to waste
wood ashes for cold, clayey or tena-
cious soils peat charcoal, 90 easily
procured In many localities and 80 de-
sirable for the compost and as an alb
sorbent; wood SCOT for top dressing
pastures and grass lands In Spring
vermin and dead animals of the farm,
properly covered soiled or damaged
locks of wool, wOOlen waste or rags,
stand first In the list of manures In
their yield of nitrogen, twenty-five
pounds giving out az much as one
thousand pounds of farm manure.
Leaves In neighboring groves and
orchards, along the roadsides, are well
worth collecting for bedding and ma
nures; pond mud, ditch and road
scraptngs may be added TO the manure
heaps, doubling their quantity Of valu-
able material. Dry earth, stored up
under cover in barrels or boxes during
a dry season, IL invaluable for deodor-
izing purposes and for retaining vola-
tile substances that would otherwise
60 to waste; scattering bones should be
gathered up and turned to good ac-
count; sods and turf are excellent
and mixed with solid or
liquid manures become rich store
houses Of fertility.
Farmers living near our cities have
enlarged opportunities for using the
waste Of gas works, sugar houses, soap
boilers, log wood saw mills, street
decayed substances of little
value. a careful survey
Of the situation on almost any farm
will satisfy its proprietor that much
remains to be accomplished In the
judicious utilization of the waste
s.-An,ericdn CultiUator.
MANURE FOR FRUIT TREES.
The Western New York Horticul-
tural Society lately discussed the ques-
ton of manure for fruit trees. One
member said that he had used super.
phosphate of lime with good results.
Another member said that he had
seen more benefit resulting from su-
the second year than the
firss, especially when the first was q
dry season. Another member pre-
ferred wood ashes. He once used i 500
bushels of leaohed ashes on the sandy
soil Of his orchard and vineyard, with
very great advantage, applying IL at
the rate Of 800 bushels per acre. The
quality as. well as the size and yield
Of fruit was very much improved. An
other member considered barnyard
as the most profitable fertil-
Izer for fruit trees, as 1t furnishes all
The elements required for growth and
fertility. Frutt-growers should. there
lore, manufacture all the manure they
Gan, by keeping horses, cattle, pigs.
poultry, and gathering up all the litter.
ETC., for the manure pile. Some people
are liable to make mistakes I'm using
stimulating manures as fertilizers for
- MILK ROOMS. s,
The quantity OF cream produced by
milk depends greatly on the situation
of the milk room. A cool, airy room
IN the cellar, III IL De hlgh ana well
and ON the north side, an
,wers the purpose very v ell. But the
door should be cemented, and no
odors Of decayed vegetables should be
allowed to enter It. Milk rooms are
,ften constructed above ground, some
lines. connected with the dwelling
and sometimes separate; but they
should always be shaded by tress or
When the large modern
pans are used, an outdoor room Is
preferable to a cellar, especially II the
water nom d cool spring can be
Into use and made to
circulate under and around the pans.
A discussion at Farmers' Institute,
lpon, the question whether butter
'hould or should not be washed, de-
,eloped difference Of opinion among
he best butter makers. All agreed
hat the buttermilk should be worked
,ut thoroughly before the final salt
f.et no farmer neglect to sow 4 pien-
iful supply OF corn for fodder. Past
experience has proved that double or
wen triple the amount of the very