, 1877-11-16
STANLEY.
His Eighteen.Hundred.Mile Jour.
ney Down the
Congo.
rha Source and Course Of the River.
Its Many Names, and It's
Aftluente,
1tnn1sosant Inhabitants Along fts Banks
..-The Mid.Africnr
Plateau.

Difficulties and Perih In tho Region Of
tho Oataraots-Extsnt Of Navi-
gablo Wato,e.
LuAupA, West Coast of Africa. Sent. e.,
1sT.-7o The EdItors Of The New FORK lttr.
ali and Lopdon Daily Telegraph:
Or experiences haye been very tal md drcal-
ful, and VIC have paid dearly for the tcmertty
and obstinacy with whIcl, We held on. You
might Gull ali tho terrible experiences that
African travellers relate In their books, and
united they would scarcely present such tfht of
difficulties as nc could show. Our losses,
nevertheless, hare not been 40 great compar I'd.
lively. Our journeys length from Nyangwc Is
nearly 1,800 miles; ostr losses In men arc ono
European and thlrty-four Wanguana.
T.iE couRsa or THE CONGO.
Tic entire area tho Congo drains embraces
about SCI, ,0o0 sQuarc miles. Its eunrcc Is III that
high plateau south Of Lako Tanrnnyka, In
country called DIsa, Of Ublsa, bs the Arabs.
The principal tributary feeding ocn,ba Lake Is
in Chambezf, a broad, deep river, whose cx-
trcmc sources muat bo placcd abont longitude
81 deg. Gust. Bc1nba Like, called bang
vcoIo by Livingstone, tts dtseovercr, Ia
lHEkC R0AJ W bHA4inH HAtEiY ANVhk
500 square miles In extent. II Is tho
res1du,,n, Of an enormous 1akc that IN rcry
ancient times must have occupied an area Vt
100000 squarc miles, until by some great cotl-
yutsion the wcstcrn maritime muuntatn-chain
WIS rIvcn asunder, anl this Congo began to
roar through tho fracture. Issuing from Benba
Lake, tho Cong0 ia known uDlfcr tho nafno Of
Luapu1a. which, nftcr course OF nearly 200
miles. cmpttcs into Lake Mwcru, q body Of
water occupying an area Of about
1,6O0 square miles. Falling frttn'
,Mwcru. 1t receives the name Of Lunlaba from
tho natives of Rua In Northern Run II re-
alundo. Flowing Il, direction north By west,
1t sweeps with breadth oi about 400 ynrds
by Syancwc, Manyctna. In latitude ~ degrees
Is u1lnutos IS seconds south, longitude ~ de-
Erces minutes cast, nHu has aE altitude Of
about ], 1,45O foet above the oeeau.
:, ITS MANY NAMES.
At NYang"c, Manycnln, the Congo is d!sttn-
guislscd " various names. Tho Araos and Wat'-
ricrs pronounce tho name Lunlaba. csnpi,nslztng
tho second syllable. The natives Of Syangwc,
also emphasizing the second syllable, coll II
Lualawa, while the Northern Wagcnya distinctly
ronfusfon, however. T. Ia best to alIpt the
spelling given by the European tilscovercr Of
the river, Viz. Lua1aba. \ lew hours north oE
Sangwe tho Lua1aba tne1lnes cast Of north. II
uregga Hills brtst!o across thu river. md wild
scenes Of falls antl foamy watcr meet tho eye,
Near these cataracts very ttnpractfcabic sav-
ages arc found. wl,u resent III fcrosfous inar-
ntf The appearance Of strangers. Arab1 llavo
paid terribly tor their intrusion.
Ass0NTRp TRIBES.
Along tho rtTcr,hanks on both sides dwell the
fishermen, called Wagunya by tho Arabs, AMI
a.u'ost singular tribe, stngu1arlY cowardly, hut
pfsu slngularir trraehcruus anil crafty anil
utterly tmtrnotrable to the usual q sol esoap,"
.,ugaralu'onsy ill., style SoTth Of uvInza
perior mcst's; not hab'tuaiy ea,nll@listlc,
tut very aggressive. Euelt titno Arabs l,aye
scCturcd 70 enter their region. thcy hare met
x.tl decided repulse. This trIbo Is called by
Hebruire. They tnllablt q large extent oi
suntry un the right bank. On the left bank
arc still the Wagcnya, wltch, Is you prtceci
xest, Intrulueo you to The warlikc Bala,su.
Wl!trc, ut ull hours, tho traveller must bc mall
OF aciioil. LI,ou these geutry tho approaches Of
awhule congress Of Dislopa md missionaries
cola hare nn eifcst. except as native "Foast
tesi." The I.na!nba you bear Pow III plaiu ac-
ti!c ~ deg. cast. 1t bcatns to receive grGnt
shluents, tho principal Ut which along the right
bank arc the Ltra, UrHcll Or 1iill1i, the Iowa,
anl thu ku'Ikora. Gu Tho left bank arc the
there nfe acotoA ui creeks anu 6trcanla constant
y Visible u you proceed down river from either
bank.
THE WATERSHED.
For thorough comprehension OF the subject
Without fatigue Of study, you must understand
that, from tho moment tlc Congo tastlcs ;renl
tancc VI 20o miles Or SO, the nlonntan.s!laln
-as Il ITS tctl was related t. tic sat'e systvIu
by which the great la!xca, Nyasea, Tangll,yIIia,
snd the Albert, arc o. dtposcd-'t sti c!sngs to tho
baae q that extraordinary 1nountan.reglon'ong
Inn inf tI,n n1 rF Gn$tk s,f
Tie north end OF Lake 'Tanganytka. Dy sarlcs
Of powerful utlIuu;ta It drhils the entire west.
eFn yersant OF tho !akt-rc1iOns as fur nurth as
deR. north latitude. while. nlong the counter.
s!upc, tDrrrnta aud uulmportatlt streams find
their s,eop eourso 10 tic Lakes Albert, Kivu,
Anl Tauganyika.
7un CENTRAL PLATEAU or ArHIcA.
At tho Efuutor, tho great river which ha.
tares from the cast, md has sktrte! thu
western base OF The lake nlountan.regtou be
tween east longitude IS deg. antl 9t dog.
.lnks intn lower led and turns northwest,
harlng reached tue great plains which extend
between tho maritime 1nountai.,-rcglou and til.
lake MuuntalN-rcgion.
MI, AsF4uEA7s-rla wsLl.E OR AHuwtxt.
me service tho great river hitherto performed
rles dtschargcd down tue wcstern ycrsant
Of thu lake suountan-tegtnn now dc
So!ycs upon the Arwlnl,-the Wcllc U
nehwe!n!urth ti,. tlto second a!tIuent O
NGHAtf "Atl4ss AOQUtk u 4NtAgs
tln,e will proyo Of !tnmonso value. as 1t Is opes
70 any ycsael that may be successfully launcl!et
On tho Upper Congo nalow the Junction OF tilt
Aruwltul our Intercourse with llle cannibals O
these lanaa WIS ot q, pFeeartonsa 4 nature tia
no darv1 not continue our exploration alont
tho hunks. bceauto tMey Involved lis II
conflicts at tho most desperate natur,
With powerful tribes. For this reason llava NJ
doubt VIC passed great many important trlbu
sartes hcsitcs 1t spread over such an e'or
mously wtdu bet. With sometimes tlozrn chan
neis, that though frequently passed what ap
peared to ms to be new rivers, preferred /,
construct my chart fTco from Hypothetical
strcaula. An R1most certain Euac tome NJ tuur
nsyed down river along oMe Ut t',o u,a,,Y broat
ehanus!s, III distinguishing the maln fro,n tn
ia!aHis, was that tlfo former waA inhabited, th
hlands below tho Aruwtnt very rarely.
UHWELcOAA WHITE sTRAN0gRs.
When forced by famine ~ risk an rnrounte
With tho fesoci0us sayages. made fur thu rig!,
bank, aud opportunities were then giycn nu t.
explore. But the interests Ut humanity an,
tho interests ot geography, wero ever q
Variance ~ this regiun; The natives la
never heard Of white tnen; the
nsd never seen eLYangers boldly penetIatLu