davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1877-01-12
ASK the recovered dys-

peptics, Bilious sufferers,
victims of fever and ague.
the mercurial diseased pa
tient how they recovered
health, cheerfuls spirits and
good appetite, they will
tell you by taking SIM
MONS LIVER REGULATOR.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1877-01-12
O'RORk & cos
is the popular
FAMILY
ON AUGUSTA STREET,

ON AUGUSTA STREET,
Keeps every thing that a housekeeper needs.
O'Rork's is the place to. get q bargai
Don't buy till you get his prices and see his
He who buys to try,
Will ever affer try to buy.
uov2A-ly O'RORK & Gu.
~ l.. WELLER'S STOCK OF GUS
" tom made Boots, Shoes and CATERS
for gentlemen is unsurpassed in the City,
and with safety can be said to be the
cheapest. To be convinced, go and see.
nov3-t17april
~ l.. WELLER'S STOCK OF BOOTS, SHOES
W and Hats is large, and at prices much
lower thar ever. Don't fail to call and exam
inc before buying.
nov3"t17 april
r AIDES, IF YOU WISH APAIR OF SHOES
to fit nicely. combined with durability,
style, finish and cheapness. buy from
CRAS. l.. WELLER.
nN~aA1 7april
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1877-01-12

SpIcED OYsTERs.-Two hundred oys-
ters. two dozen cloves, five dozen allspice,
also mace, cayenne pepper and salt to taste
Strain the liquor through a sieve, put in a
saucepan and add the oysters, spice, pep
per, salt, and a half pint Of cider vinegar
place them over a slow fire and as soon as
they come to d boil take them off, pour
them into q large bowl and set them away
to cool; when cold cover them close.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1877-01-12

OYSTER ToAsr.-Toast 2 large, or 8
small slices of stale bread for each person.
For a family of 6, take a quart OF oysters
in the liquor. Boil together l pint Of milk
and the liquor from the oysters; butter the
size Of an egg; pepper and salt to taste.
when it boils put in the oysters for 80 sec>
onds, and dip the toast until soft. Ii any
soup remain, pour it over the toast.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1877-01-12

Home he trips, and he speedily returns
"Mother wants to know who was buri>
ed yesterday; can't you lend it to her just
two minutes ?"
Tell your mother that all the deaths this
week are Mr.. - and a child OF Mis-.
, 1877-02-05
THE CAUSE AND THE CURE.

EVANSTON, ILL.,, Feb. 3.-tn scpeut issue sou
admit that money withdrawn fsom circulation
csipples Industry, aul thereby seriously affccta
ths working population Of The country. fWhen
We speak oi money bt1ng withdrawn from cIrcu-
lstton, We mean, Ut course, what II called the
"wsge fund.-" or working capital invested in
reproduction, or offered On loan for .that pur
po4e.-Epl How Is this state OF thIuga to be
.e,nedlcdl Can yo,l accomplish II by ''retreucl.
tueat," tbat has tecn the universal crya The
poor we compelled to retssnrh, but Il the rich
docs likewise. 1t makes confusion wozkv con-
founded because In The present "topsy turyy"
condition Of society the veal or NO Of the uxss
, 1877-02-05

they have l'een, clearly show this TO have been
the catc, and we believe that tho mun!Sipal In.
!lebscdness Of this State rIll be less ten years
hence than 1t IL today,
CHEERFUL FEATURE
IN our examinations has been the fact, 40 ptafl-
~ brought out. that We have NJ example 10 the
fifty cities Of one where the debt has bcen con-
tractcd through neglect In not raising suf1icient
for running expenses from year to year. or from
another fruitful cause Of debt, that OF anttcl-
pating funds until they become overloaded and
Insufficient for payment OF both principal and
Interest, and thus Is born that rim
aus practice OF perpetual funding. The
Sinking Fund is not q favortte means among
Illinois Aldermen, and c11ts no figure in the
parment Of debts. The law only makes Il nec-
cssa!y to provide In the ordinance that creates
the debt tho manner md means for its pay
ncnt within twenty years. and this may 6e
done either BY sinking-F Fund OF by making pay
tnents annually 80 IS to meet the samc by IN
annual eu1ntion. Taking the fftv cities that
far1y come nutler our notice In this article, and
which represent every porlion Of our State, We
hare reason to feel satisfied that ill having q
debt, from Quincy's q, ,G61.376, down To Alc1o's
tl0O, can, with prudent measures, cxtficatc
themselves within the he1t decade, n4.1 that far
from seeing any dangef, AZ some would believe,
The outlook for the speedy payment Of munie-
tpAl debts was never more cheering.
II. T. PORTER.
, 1877-02-05

mcnt than nllal The Constitution calls fbr,-
"a fair cash value" An Illustration Of the
working Of the State law In restraining fn1cht-
clncts ts given in the case OF Rockford, a city
Of 13,o00 population. The city in tho epring Of
1874
WANTED TO ntiLp 4 wATER-ToHKs.
Tho Assessor complied with The law and
valued tho property at ia fair cash value" TIC
bonded debt Of the city at that time was $780,
coo. The contract for tho system of pnb1ic
water.works was let, The material purchased,
and tie work had been commenced on tbs
works. Tho Assessor valued the property at
nearly &, o00, 600, which would have allowed the
city debt Of over 100000. Bonds to tho cx-
tent Of st50,0o wero issued on tho strength OF
this, and the four Nnti.nal Banks OF Rockford
had agreed to take them. Just at this moment
tho news catuc from Springfield that tho State
Board OF Equalization had suddenly put m end
to this Httlc dodge, by cntting down tic
assessment nearly half, and the debt
being limited 10 6 per cent on tho assessed
value, Ill but 100000 worth Of tho new boutls
were Illegal. The bauks could not negotiate
them; tho Common Council were IN a dilemma.
Tho matcrial for the work was On the ground;
the Iron was on tho way from Philadelphia; the
trenches lay open to receive It. Something had
TO be done quickly-so, after cxhausting tho
$G0000. TIC Council rcsortcd to all sorts Of do
vices, ssch - time-ordcrs md certificates OF In.
debtcdne1s, until they were suddenly pulled up
by IN injunction, which put an end to further
operations. Here, then, is q practical tlnstsa-
tlon Of tho limitation Of Indebtedness.
Rxckeslvn TAXATION.
The next year the Common Council Of Rock
ford, eager to roducc tloir fargo floating debt
within the constitutional llmits, aeuin mot with
au unexpected drawback from thc stato Con-
st!tution. The collective wisdom of the city
agreed upon tho amount Of appropriation need
cd for each fund. They made their tax-levy.
After arrangements wcro completed 1t was dis
covered they had exceeded their limit, and
taxed the :ltt1ena over 8 per cent of the as
scsscd value Of the property. meeting was
hastily called III the middle Of tho night, and re-
suited In the original amount being trimmed
down to come within the constitutional llmIt,
In thla we sec practical illustration Of the
check on excessive taxation.
wATER.wonxs AS INVESTMENTS.
All the caro- III tho State does not preclude
the possibility Of community being oyerta1ct.
as will presently be shown. In these hard times
publtc officers should study the, most rigid
economy, aud no outlay, unless absolutely nee
e.sary, should be made. There arc, Of course,
instances whom city Is justified In going into
debt, In soMc cases watcrworks have been
built, and In fow Jo1rs tho revenue from tho
Water-rent has become double tho interest on the
remaining wltcr.works debt. This Is tho case
In Boston aud Chnflcstown, Mass; and the
elaborate systcm OF wates.works ID
Chicago IL moro than paying running cxpsnses
md Interest on debt In this connection VIC
warn smaller cittes to be careful not to build
, 1877-02-05

expensive systems OF wa&er.works. We possess
actual information showing that only three out
of twenty systcms Of watcr-work III q likB nnrn-
her Of cltles tfroM 5000 to 5O,0oU poputation)
are to~day paying interest on the dcbtt and ten
Of them arc not paying rltAning expenses. II
ia we'll enough to consider tho Urest valua Of
watcr-works as Gro prutcclion, but 1t Is wiser
policy that proyliea 0fst for tho protection OF
tho business part Of Tho rty ngnlnst tyc, aud
hfterrarda mako the extension from time tt
time. when tho Income from, the watcr-ratca Will
pay the city considerable IqrEcg Interest than
what tho corporation pays for tha money neces-
sary Tor the outlay. Tho construction Of ioss
combustlble buildings also opcns way for
economy.
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLINOIS.
Tho rapid growth in wealth ami population Of
Illluos cities makes Il necessary 10 iuy out
great deal Ut money In public improvements.
Bridges muat bu built that arc demanded by tho
business Of city; railroads n,ust he financially
encouraged that will cheaper frelghta; sewers
muat bo built to insurc health; wafer must he
laid on to protect property aud supply steam
tugtuesi all manifestations thiuEa 2se need
ed that Eastern cities bavo onIoye1 for many
years. Tho secret Ia to tiul uut When tnuntci-
pallty should properly Incur debt for all these
needful improvements. To ascertain this, its
elemeneso wealth 1nnat bu carefully considered.
Can It grow moral Win thu population Increase
50 TINT tho dcM will bo shared hy larger pop.
ulatfon1 Tho County Of hacoupln spent nearly
3l,s0o, ,000 for Coart-lfouse, whom $40, ,00) WA
neFe than tho taxpayers could afford for such
building, and al! the wants Of tho community
called for, Tails piece u fobltshness Is only
ealial to city that las outalled ncavy debt
fuxt, $rr ofn l.
house. These arc tho debts 10 be avoided, for
In no .nstauce does tho public good require it,
capital lukca up lu such unpraductlyo tnyest-
tneuts,
ESTIMATES or cirr bKBrs.
The eompi!crs Of the national census Of 1870
undertook to estiHate tho Indebtedness Of all
writer's have undertaken to arrive at conclusions
from these crude statements. tIere srn tho ttg-
ures:
Total assessed valaa Of property. SO o9o 900 600
corrected valuation. ...-..... ~, 9o0 GOO 00Q
stnn9ei,s1 .'''''' ~, oG ~ ~
From tue ahoyo estimates We dnd the aKgrc.
gatc municipal Indebtedness Of the United
States is ahout 4 per cent Ut tho assessed yalua-
lion Of tho property. or about pcrtent Of tbs
real valuation, allowing that the aggregate as-
sessment u made at shout half tho cash value.
Va have before se:n that the State ot Illinois
limits city debts 10 per ceut Of &ha assessed
value. This IL conceded by all fair and safe
margin. A man who is never iu debt moro
lhAn par cant u tue value o{ his property Ia
not likely to 70 through tha bankruptcy court.
W's haya taken nftY important Illinois cities,
outside Of Chicago, au1 presan: q correct state
u,ent Of the 10 1853 ID; the yal
ustou In 1SGa aud '7J tho In ts} and ~;
, 1877-02-05

few exceptional caaes has wealth and uopula-
tion kept pace NTH debt. The indebtedness has
Increased nearly 100000 moro than the
proportioHate Increase of valuation. AIauffcstly
With these lsurcs confronting It's, the only wny
10 become assured Of Our prosperity IL to nsecr-
taln, II possible,
WHETHER TuA BURDEN oB TlIR FUTURE
is likely to Be- less than that Of tho past. Again.
whether this borrowing Will bo kept up, or
whether II will cease, n,~tho m.ich.nccdel ln-
provenonts arc completed. Tue ouly way to
Ind out this satiafactortly Ia by rapidly glaclng
over the snnss Of material We have ou hand, and
ascertain for what purpose this money has been
spent. A brief summary OF tl!e public Improve.
1ncnts Of some OF thu moro prominent c!tlcA Of
Illinois cannot fall to interest the reader.
DIXON, LEE COUNTY.
The debt OF Dixon Ia now $4,000 Within
the past decade no less than tl2s,000 has bcon
expended on the bridge acroaa Rock River at
that plaee. II will be remembered that the beidgv
at Dixon fell down tow ycars a3o, A large
expenditure las boon ,nads to provide supply
Of water for fire purposes, besides tho Improve.
nt'1t and equipment Of new tire department.
Brltaux1ELn. sANGAMoA COUNTY.
The debt Of Springfield Is s8A,s75. Of this,
Svn has % been sRent fos an elaborate systsn.
vainly trying to pay, interest with the water.
ronts. which have not yct rcaehed . sum aulll-
etent to pay current expenses. SONS one has
hllntlcrea 10 Springfield, aud tts dcbs oi II per
gGllt of It's valuation is not the only trouble.
Ehs inanccs ct the city aro alnkIng Into y bad
condition. Three Munths agn there was not
money enough IN tho Treasury to pay tho oal-
son, W. als tol1, to look for Improvement Tor
long tlme. There aEe 3ls.0N still due vi
July intereat; oa January. Sdj. GO Of principal
and Interest Is due on the bonded debt In
f6Cfk .3n,S
Carrespondants from there seem to think ii not
Springfield has =
Is,EsTEp AsAylLx ~ RAILROAD BONDS.
Mo;th. y aas been hopetl BY maay cItlos In thls
Stats, which have railroad 6onIa outstanding.
That they would bs sustained by tho Supreme
C!,urt Of Tue United states ln resisting tlls pay
meut Of the buuds. Hut within tho last fGw
Monelia the casc of tue bonlholders oi tAe Fox
HytF Valley ". caantlea aud towna slnng the
rlutg, las been decided by tho Sunreme Court o!
and axalnat tl,scouhttea n1towns resisting pay.
mcns Of b1uhs. ln thls onv case was involved
over *4Q0, 0U worth OF bonds, issued by towu&
and counties On the line Of the Ottawa, Oawego
rurs to Streator li.cru IL no less than xli,05i.-
Isl worth ot just such bonds i*sued BY couutirs,
towns, aud cltlcs registered ia this State. that
iall due a. y1rtoas tt.1'ss ~ within Twenty years
which interest to tho amount Of osea sl,2a,sSa
Is, OF should 10, annually paltl.
CARTON. FULTON cogkTT. ..
has debt Of 6a7 ,Wo: steam hteenetnes, Ras-
GUS other public improvements have just been
made.
MENDOZA, LAsALLH COUNTY,
sasggs sss Sst osy asSsd 8 g. u @
CttJ.uall coslnx tln,oJ0. But iu thls city, a.
In ao1nc other PLACES, tho schools a5a under tho
control Of ths municipal coFpo1atioD. but retain
, 1877-02-05
The DEMAND FOR THE-TRlBUNE.
10 fAo Editor aS TAa Tytbun4.

CHICAGO, Feb. 4.-can you not prevail upon
the uewsboya to take sufficient supply Of your
paper on Sunday morntngss On Michigan ave.
nue, near Sixteenth street, this morning, was
asked 10 cents for a copy Of THE TRIBUNE,
abundance for fire rents each. Illayc noticed also
that Of late tho supply Of rRlauSrs on week
days tn tny netghborhood Is alnoat Invariably
short after c'efock in the morning, hut / have
never hast any difficulty 10 getting the T:m:s.
Yours truly, j. r.
, 1877-02-05


Ten years have nearly douhiel the populations
Of some cities IN this sta.r, md IL tile aggregate
W. tlnd stx cities that hayv, IN this acccnntal
period sAot up from 81, 500 ID ol ,oo population.
wAK nEbTs.
Tho Qeuts of Illinois are pot large enough to
Gauss any alarm, Wien We hal out what has
ua4c them. The War was tho means OF or1gl.
Mating debts in many INSTANCES. and In our tn.
ysstisntlons VT liarc foual some old bounty
Lon4s unpaid to th:s day.. Immediately after
thY cluso OF this War, and hciore eit!c8 were
elrar uf tl,er war deb.s, catno thu railroad mania
aud millions of dollars OF pahti: nolcy MAS
sunk in railroad enterprises that seldom came
Up to what tlieis enthusiastic projectors mapped
oat on paper anl described 10 forensic speeches;
This class of Indebtedness w2s generally rushed
through under . pressure u excitement. aud tlo
sites lass si'sohaa ample Leisure to repent. Then
CAME The nl2n1a fos watetwurks. and most oil
our citIes set about building systems OF wafer
weak. varying !a ticis eost from $4,000 10
$jOl.0M On thu top VI this cams tho change
in the law, as1 alice then our cities. With re-
1uasaable uuanilnlty, have been seized with
sudden desire 70 PAR % theiE obligations aud
0u1 Investigations, limited aud Imperfect as
, 1877-02-05
STEAM
Details OF tho Plan by Which Mr.. fIo1ty Will
Heat the City OF Lockport. N. r.
3*oskt

Detaliso Of tho Plan by Which Mr.. Holly VIII
Heat the City OF Lockport. N. r.
+St,c lork HorId.
We have heretofore alluded briefly to plan
devised hy Mr. B. Holly, Of 1,octport, to heat
tha. city by steam. The Lockport Ls.tot, sup
plies more extended atrount Of the proposed
experiment, anil It is 20 curious that It will I,o
rcatl with general interest. II eeetns that a
number Of substantial citizens Of Lockport have
formed Il company under The name Of tho
"Hol1y Steam Combination Company. LsmItcd,',
and havc elected Board of Directors, In which
Samuel Rogers, D., F. Bishop, l. II. Babcocs, r.
N. Trever, D. D. finl1, and II. n. eoushwo.th
arc associated With Mr. Holly, and the e1pcs!.
ment Is actually to be- made under the following
estimate:
lln2. labor repair OF stoves and fnrnace1 for
warming tho following. district. Ia the City Of
toeenort. bsGg about one-half mile squase,
East By Washington street, south by r1lgh
street, weat hY Saxon street, north by Caledonia
-Four hundred and screnty.fve dwellings
At sl0o each tlos fucl and 1abo.l;:.. - 1850
"9 ana { ,'o;ss 1o
Twelve sha1ehe. % Il 4 sioS eseh tl.boi and ''0
rsn 'oi:;. ii 500 e.:h. four schools Il sou
5000 each. one opcsa. house. 10, 600
Fsstores. shops: MI! oc1eet. ete'::.... 1,boo
years, at 10 per cent..".... .......... 5000
Total. l............. ...................s 800. 400
For cost OF works for warming Tho above district
with stean:
Elshteen thou+1nd four hundred and !. -.
eighty feet Of main pipe At 81 per foot..$ 1S $50
Huilllny aud areoke st1ck............... T., 700
Stx atca1, lG!lcrs and d1torcHs 10, COO
Lot for building and coal -ynrd.......... 3,no0
1n1tdenta!s.... ......: 3, 900
, 1877-05-04
A sense Of Wenriness

Is often felt by persons who cannot To-
cate any particular disease. If they work, it be-
comes labor II they walk, they soon tire men
tai efforts become burden, and even joys are
dimmed by the shadow Of this weakness which
is cast over their lives. Recourse is had some
times to stimulants of dangerous character.
The advice Of physicians to refrain from active
labor produces no happy results. Why9 The
system is debilitated and needs to be built up
properly. PERUVIAN SYRUP will do this very
thing. Like the electric current, it permeates
the entire system, and barmonizing with the
corporal functions it raises up the enfeebled
and brings the color to the cheek again, and
hope to the respondent. 1t does its work prompt
ly and well. Sold by all druggists,
, 1877-05-04
Do it Now.

Don't live single hour of your
life without doing exactly what is to be
done in it, and going straight through
it from beginning to end. Work, play,
study whatever it is-take hold at once
and finish it up squarely and cleanly;
and then to the next thing without let
ting any moments drop out between.
1t is wonderful to see how many hours
these prompt people make out of day;
is as if they picked up the moments
that the dawdlers lost. And if you
ever find yourself where you have so
many things pressing on you that you
hardly know how to begin, let me tell
you a secret: take hold of the very first
one that comes to hand, and you will
find the rest all fall into file and follow
after like a company of well-drilled SOL
diers; and though work may be hard to
meet when it charges in a squad, it is
easily vanduished wheny you can bring
it into line. You may have often seen
the anecdote of the man who was asked
how he had accomplished so much in
his life. my father taught me, was
the reply, "when L had anything to do,
to go and do it," There is the secret
the magic word now.-Erchange.
, 1877-05-04
Notes for Ladies.

Gray cloth will be the fashionable
wrap for Spring.
Cut-steel ornaments will be greatly
ased on Spring dresses.
White bonnets. either of felt orplush,
are among the latest importations.
The Cloisonne enamel, so sought af-
ter in articles of virtu, is now used for
iewelry.
The newest Princess dresses are made
with square trains and entirely without
drapery.
The newest percales are in India de-
signs and dark colors, like those seen in
cashmere shawls.
Glasses are now made of frosted glass,
in antique forms and patterns, the mon
ogram being in color.
Bangle-rings, made of five or six mar
row gold rings held by one clasp, are
the novelty for inger,rings.
Large scarfs are used as strings for
opera hats, attached in such manner
as to form a cape at the back of the bon
net.
Honeycomed toweling is made up in
handsome quilts, by being worked in
diamond patterns of floral designs in
pink, blue or amber wools.
Unbleached muslin is the latest nov
city for bedroom window-curtains, in
stead of chintz or cretonne. 1t is
trimmed with Turkey-red cotton, or
blue or yellow.
Dried flowers and ferns, arranged on
silk or fine cardboard, and covered with
prepared muslin to keep them from
breaking of, make handsome ornaments
for lamp-shades.
A new style of napkins and doylies
come in white watered surface. In the
center is woven, in red threads, a lob
ster, crab, fish, or coral. On fowered
surfaces are woven red cherries and 9TH
,er fruit.
There are some delicate impulses that
good woman cannot resist. She can
not help putting three hair-pins and q
spare shoe-laee into the first shaving
mug she sees. Women are better than
men in this respect.
, 1877-05-04

FIGHT BETWEEN LION AND LEop-
ARD.-The Geological Gardens at Pesth
have just been the scene of combat
worthy of Nero or Heligabalus. The
cage tenanted by lion and loness hap
pened to be next TO that in which dwelt
a female leopard, for whom the captive
queen of the desert entertained a spe-
cial hatred. Probably she was Jealous
OF the bright eyes and beautiful skin of
her neighbor, and may possibly have
suspected her lord and master of casting
tender regard or two across the barrier
which separated the two dens.
The suspicion, brooded over in silence,
became devouring passion, and it nj
pened into certainty at the precise mo-
ment when vengeance happened to be-
come possible. The keeper Of the gar
dens had inadvertently one day left
hanging within the lions cage the chain
which served to draw up the partition,
and the lion was not long in seizing it
and beginning to pull. Whether he was
animated with a spirit of tickleness or
by curiosity alone must remain forever
a secret But the result was that the
partition flew up and the road remained
open from one cage to the other.
Through it instantly rushed the loness,
breathing hatred and malice, but the
lion had no sooner dropped the chain
and prepared to follow in the chase than
the portcullies fell and the passage was
barred again.
In the meantime, however, j struggle
commenced between the two lady war
riors such as has not been seen in Eu-
rope since the palmy days of the am
phitheatre.. The leopard, worsted at
the first onset, attempted to take refuge
from the foe by jumping and hanging
to the top rails Of the cage. 1t was all
in vain, however. She was brought to
bay again and compelled to fight face to
face with the terrible invader. For
twenty long minutes the battle ragged in
royal style. The neck and shoulders of
the ioness were deeply furrowed with
red gashes. But her victim was over
matched, and at length thrown upon
her back, when the coup de grace was
given by the savage fangs of the victor.
The lion, who had been looking on,
probably with mingled feelings at the
scene, will now, no doubt, be restored
to the affectionate confidence of his
spouse. Nothing remained, at the end
Of the encounter, of the beautiful spot
ted skin which had so captivated him,
but few torn and mangled shreds, and
the romance of the cages, if romance
there was, came to tragic end.-Lon-
don Globe.
, 1877-05-04

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL ILLUNnNATIoN
ON THE AIR OF RooMs.-Dr. Erismann
has recently been examining the effect
produced on the composition of the air
in dwellings by the gaseso of combustion
of stearine candles, rape oil, petroleum
and Illuminating gas, and also the vari-
atoms of temperature at different
heights. These experiments were per-
formed in a room Of ten cubic metres
capacity, inclosed by wooden and glass
walls. As q result of these researches,
it appears that petroleum, with lamp of
good construction, communicates to the
atmosphere not only less carbonio acid,
but (which is much more importantly
fewer products of imperfect combustion
than the other lighting materials; and
that stearine candles of equal illuminat-
ing effect vitiate the air most. Rape oil
and gas were found to raise the temper
ature considerably more than petroleum.
On the whole, both for steadiness of
light, influence on the atmosphere, and
effect on the eyesight, preference is ac-
corded to petroleum.