Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1877-04-04

teeth. 1t is sometimes found in the low
/ or jaw, but is almost unknown.
The wolf-tooth is sometimes trouble
some, as when in breaking colts the bit
may come back against it creating irrita-
tion and soreness, causing often serious
trouble, and again from the prejudice OF
people against it, and the Professor named
cases where the horsebuyer would make
the presence of the woIf-tooth Il preteXt,
for getting the horse at II cheap figure,
pull the tooth, and then he is all right for
II good price. These teeth should never
be broken off or knocked out, but care
fully drawn with forceps, and in u short
time the gum will heal and all the
trouble be removed. Wind, and change of
climate may bring on some opthalmic
trouble, running ut the eyes, etc.
AS an index of age in the horse, two
broad teeth appear at three years old, the
corner nippers or horse teeth, appear at
five years old; the cups in the central
teeth nre gone at six, in the next two at
seven, and in the corner nippers at eight
years old. These marks should be OBJ
served in the lower jaw only. So from
three to eight years old we have II good
almanac for telling age by the teeth,
which may have exceptions, but will hold
good as II rule
NO. XIII.
"Bishoping is the cutting Or digging
of cavities in teeth of an old horse, to
initiate those of younger horses. The
tooth is then colored by burning or by use
Of nitrate of silver. This deception can
be discovered by using Il magnilying
glass, which will generally disclose the
marks of the chsel, and the presence of
nitrate of silver may be detected by APP
plying chemical agent.
HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF A HORSE.
Prof Greasy g I'VE directions for ascer-
tanning the age of horses by their teeth.
The colt until he reaches three years old
has full mouth of six milk teeth; at
three years two central incisors appear;
at four, two lateral incisors; at five. the
corner nippers, giving the colt full
mouth of permanent teeth; at six, the cup
in the central incsors has disappeared;
at seven the same will have taken place in
the laterals and in the corner nippers at
eight. Beyond that age other means
must be taken to ascertain the age. The
younger the horse the greater the relative
lateral diameter of the tooth which les
sens as years pass till at fifteen years.
The lateral and longitudinal diameters
are equal, and after this time the longi-
tudlnal diameter grows to be greater, till
at twenty-seven years Gas shown by a
specimen) it is twice rs great as the lat
eral Often whom the horse has become
old, the outer edge of the grinders on the
upper jaw becomes sharp, creating irrita-
ton and soreness of the cheek inside In
such case this sharp edge should be rasped
off, which will cure the trouble. Some
times II horse has u loose tooth, and the
mouth should be examined occasionally to
see if any such difficulty exists.
NO. XIV.
Rcsuming the subject of the teeth, Prof.
Cressy predicted that in some future gen
Grafton OF man, not very remote, there
will be loss of the back molars or wis
dom teeth, and man will have only two
molurs on each side of each Jaw. He
based this prediction upon the present in
fcriority of the back molars rs compared
with those of the ancient races of Indians
found in their skeletons. This nferiority
is so marked that it is II reliable test in de-
termining whether skeletons discovered
belong to the ancient race, or more modern
Indians
The COW sheds her milk teeth, the two
front incisors, ut two years old and the re-
naming ones ut intervals of six months
for each pair Till they get II full mouth of
permanent teeth at four years old. Sheep
year old and continue TO shed in pairs ut
intervals of nine months, till they have a
full mouth at three years old.
Youatt's work is not correct on some of
these points for this country and for this
time, though it may have been correct
fifty years ago. For our precocious devel-
opment in this country, at least, Youatt's
Almanac is too slow. The lecturer alluded
TO the idea. held by some, that certain
people or animal; had double teeth all the
way round the Jaw. This is not correct,
the appearance being due TO the wearing
down Of the teeth till they present facets
similar to those of small double teeth. but
they are single teeth and there is not on
record II single instance when Il jaw has
been found filled with double teeth, each
with two fangs or roots,
BLACK TOOTH.
In the hog, all the diseases which ami
mate pork is liable to, are attributed by
some neople to "blaCk teeth" which in