The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-03-26
How the Red Man Is Treated in the North
west-peace. Piety. Prosperity and
Respect for Treaties-Buf-
talo Dying Ont.
OTTAWA, Canada, March %. 1871.


deavor to exert dcmorazing influences on the Cana
dian tribes peacefully at work, possibly embroil
them IN war; aud cause international complications,
TO say nothing OF change in the policy which has
for many years been pursued by this government in
reference to its Indian wards Tho subject Is full of
interest that have procured from the Hon. Or.
Schultz, member of Param ent from Manitoba, and
gentleman thoroughly familiar with
THE INDIAN QUESTION,
the Information which foows:--On the 10Th OF July,
1870 the negotiations between Canada and the Hudson
Bay Company were closed, whereby 5000, 900 square
miles were added 10 tho Dominion. In this territory
there was population OF 6s 900 Indians, who wcre
practically tho lords of the SOIL with undispucd rights
and from whom subsequently It became necessary to
buy certain privileges with thor lands The
Hudson Bay Company received $1,000 900 In money
and allowed TO retain onc-twenticih Of all tho
land together with largo speeds reserves around their
posts for trading, hunting and other kindred purposes
The bargain being thus concluded and tho rcsponsi.
biIity incurred Canada grapplcd with tho question OF
Gllng these newly acquired valleys with the popula.
ton of the Old World Railways and canals were pro.
jecied and steps taken to develop mines and min.
eral resources North OF the international boundary
the condition was one OF profound peace. In every
part OF tho region the life OF white man was and
still is, safe. No lodge refuses shelter and It's food
will DO shared without the expectation Of reward OF
their hunting grounds the Indians In almost
absolute control, tho hafbrceds being allowed to par
tcpate In common with themselves but parties of En-
gishmcn and others hunting for pleasure being com.
PEELED pay royalty for the privilege these mas
tors OF the SOIL This condition OF peace which exists
IL In strong contrast tho in tho Indian
country Of the United States where faith between con.
tracing parties has been cruelty broken strife will
only end with tho death whoop OF tho warrior To
illustrate
THE SIOUX INDIANS
correspond with the Canadian Cree tribe who occupv
a similar geographical position on this SIDE OF tho
boundary line. The two tribes about equal in mum.
bers Both Indians OF tho prairie, both practiced
horscmen and excellent shots. Fifteen years ago tho
Sioux profound state or peace with tho
United States tho Crecs now are with Canada; but
grievances grew, treaties ignored rcmonsrunces
were preonhoed aud warnings by haf-brccds and
traders ignored until suddenly the story OF the mas
of 1868 echoed through tho land and tho
horizon for hundreds Of miles lighted with burn
ing buildings in which the shricks of women and chill
drcn had been sileuccd by tho tomahawk The soldier
in the end ovcrcamc the savage, but not until
vast OF country had been depopu-
lated, foreign emigration had been diverted
and three military expeditions In three successive
years had travcrsed the Indian country, "a cost to
the United States government OF 10000 600 With
years the people sufficiently familiar They AFRO
tho result OF 'thc old, old story" Here on the other
hand, there has been followed policy of Cancellation
and fair dealing The Indian commenced his relations
with the white man with
No HEREDITARY HArREDs,
traditions passing from tribc to tribe Of broken
faith aud promises unfulnllcd. He wears the
medals OF his loeathcrs ho docs those tho pres
ent day. as type OF religious loyalty to tho Queen
aud to the local government he parts with nothing
for which does receive just pay. Partially he
has become sgriculturist and worker. His chill
dren attend school There churches and clgious
missions, semnarics for tho youth who al, anced
and employment among the whites for those who
the profits oil civilized associations. In fact there
hundreds OF settlements In which the Indian nature
has so far changed as 10 make him In point OF III
dustry, OF truthiuness and Of Obedience equal AZ
not tho superior Of tho average white man. AS an H.
usration Of the sturdy honesty ard tho strong COM
sense with which the public OF Canada have
dealt aud are st dealing with this question which has
gwen much trouble in the States, | quote from
a speech made In the House OF Commons by tho Hon.
DR.. Schultz He says
A CANADIAN VIEW or THE QUESTION
adoption Of an policy to tho Of n
ing snmy ys , hod Gs T. equally possse by wise
chasing their lands that in fact, economic If
him. TO DO tins. hold tlnt treaties be With
annually for stipulated period say twenty years
ing him indispensable articles European manufacture
To- sns Of s very ss
tho purchase Of agricultural implements aud oxen. and
!" the soil instead Of The present 10
ess to sash navdu@ and sp@ae @ the az
should be situated near some well known fishing ground.
population and mncl, travelled Highways. and. lastly;
for education Language il ho"oab gen.
cmen feel that to do this would entail
that reservation OF Of surveje
ship rs In the case OF school lands would BY its sale
settlement provide iund which would materially lossen
partlnent.
How far these sagacous suggestions have produced
their effect the country viii be known by tho fact
that treaties have successfully negotiated which
secure the several Indian tribes the most liberal
privileges In several Instances numerous bands have
been united under single Chief while irritation aud
distrust have been replaced by an almost universal
feeling oil content and gratitude 10 the government
Its iibcraty and benevocnce.
PROHIBITION AID POLICE.
Two OF tho i'm portant acts passed In connec-
ton with Indian affairs the Territories are those
which prohibit the Importation or manufacture OF all
Intoxicating liquors, enforcing this prohiJiion by Tho
most stringent legislation and authorizing the estab-
lishmcnt OF mounted police force IN the Territories.
The latter Is simply battalion OF say 800
best families, .lovo the life OF adventure
and arc mentally and physically calculated
10 command the respect Of tho red men. OF course
they never drink, II being impossible TO obtain irc
water IN the forest, and are consequently hardy,
active and useful set Of officials be found any,
where the globe. THESE 800 men scattered over
area OF hundreds OF miles. II was thought first
that the entrance OF the mounted police in the Terri
torres might arouse tho suspicious OF the Indians
possibly result IN Dloodshed and serious trouble but
the contrary effect has been produced and the officers
and men are said TO DO everywhere among the tribes
regarded with peculiar warmth as friends aud bcnc
factors. The Minister OF the Interior makes tho FOL.
lowing observations concerning
THE fsDiAS NATURE.
IL Is gratifying to know that the Indians several
oil tho reserves are beginning TO acquire individual
property. They are making small clcaranccs their
alotmcnts raising patches Of grain ana vegetables
and procuring Darn stock But the progress Is slow
Habits formed by people generations back diti
cult TO overcome. Tho system oil living with the rude
Indian is from hand to mouth. lie has no inducemcnt
10 acquire property, because IL would only further ex
pose him TO the attacks Of hts cnemics He ~ active
on the warpath or IN the chase bot when danger is
over, revenge Is satisfied his immediate wants ap-
pcascd. he relapscs into his accustomed Incidence IL
be anld