davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
The Last Siege Of Gibraltar.

The % memorable, in some re-
spec;s, Of all the IL sieges 10 which
Gibraltar has been subjected Was the
last, called the great siege" one of the
mighty struggles of history. which be-
gan in the year 1879. The famous Gen
Elliott Vas commander of the fortress
spain, In alliance with France and No
rocco, endeavOred To surprise Gibraltar
but a Swedish ship give Elliott the
alarm. The garrison comprised but ;
companies Of artillery. and IN. whole
force WAS less than 500 men. Tn.
enemy's force WAS 1909. The siege
began by the blocksfing Of the portland
a camp was formed at a Rogue with
the design Of star wing out tn. garrison.
When the English Governor ~resolv-d
To open fire upon his b~esie2ers. a lady
In the garrison fired the fret shot.
Never did a siege wal rage NOR. fu-
r'ously tb IN did this for near ' 2 years.
The garrison MAS often reduced 10 sore
straits for food "A goose Was worth a
guinea and Elliott tried upon himself
the experiment OF living upon { ounces
of rice a day for a week. Exciting
stories are told OF the priva.eers thu.
ran IN. amidst terrible dangers. with
provisions, and Of the storms which
threw welcome wood and cork within
reach Of the b~sieg-i. The rock A, IN.
time would surely have been taken Rad
1t not been for Admiral Rodney. who
saii,ng on the strait, Captured a small
feet OF Spanish wal ships and mer
and, clearing the s,rai, NJ
h~~sie2ers. brought his prizes into tor-
But all danger vas no, vet av.rtsd.
Gibraltar vas again blockaded ~scu,yy
broke out in the garrison. and Mor,cco
her harbOrs 70 English sbiDs
The enemy crept closer and closer ,o
me fortress, but relief coming evs,v
how and then enabled the English stiIl
o hold out The bomhardmen.a vsrs
'eafiui TO endure. The civ waa Al.
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
The Death Of Gen. Lyon.

Price had been compelled to give way
before the attack of Lyon; but, when
Sigel was beaten, McCullOch marched
back owe the battle field and turned
the tide of events. 1t was near nine
O'Clock, and Lyon, for the first time
doubtful, yet brave, led on the last at
attack, riding his horse in between the
lSt Kansas and the 1st Iowa. Heron
saw his horse fall and says that it SEEM
ed to sink down as if vitality struck,
neither plunging nor Keeling. Lyon then
walked on, waving his sword and hal
lOOing. and he fell only about twenty
yards distance from Heron. who was
marching at the side of his company.
Lyon had worn Il white felt hat ana
only his old Captains uniform. AS he
left his dead horse and hmped along
for he had nov been wounded in the
leg-he looked stunned and white; but,
with an impulse of high spirit. he rais-
ed his sword and cried. Come on
Then he showed blood on the side of
his head, from another wound, AMI was
also shot through the body. and he
dropped. The butcher, into whose arms
he fell. says that hegtspai: "Lehnl1
I'm going" He fell about 100 .rds in
advance of his dead horse. Herroa
looked into his livii face. the precious
breath still feeling at his lips. tn, great
lion heart striking its own knell. 1t
was but an instant, YET an eventful one
in any young mans life. H,rron's look
was only for an instant; he stepped
back beside his company. aud the bat
tie went On-SturgeS concluding it.
The regiments Lyon lei on anvancef
about 400 yards beyond his body and
the battle ended before IL O'clock, the
lst Iowa, 1st Missouri and 1st Kansas
Regiments firing the last volleys in
support of Totten's battery-vJlleys 50
murderOus that the victorious reba,
army was dlsmsved and the Union re-
treat secured. More than 1920 of each
side lay on that beaten Fl ED, on the
high plateau Of the Ozark.
Nothing l ever saw was more i'm
pressive than Lyons death" says Her
ron. "He was the greatest character
ever seen west of the Mississippi. His
equal never arose to succeed hing
A. Tornsend in Philadelphia Weekly
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
The Land Of the Midnight sun .

Within the Arctic Circie-Pecu Iiari,!es of
the Norwegian Coast and of the People.
We steamed into this pretty Arctic
town of TrOmsUe. night before last,
July 81. and shall make II home here
IA week longer, while 4 portion of the
party finish their northern trip around
North Cape 10 NaisDe. We crossed the
mountains by means nf horses and ear
riages, using 120 fbr our ride of 200
miles. The law requires every station
from q To 10 miles apart-to furnish
travellers fresh horses within half an
hour Of their arrival. We are now two
days into the Arctic Circle, and where
we now live The sun shines brightly at
midnight from Nav % 10 July % Even
two days before reaching this point the
sun was SO strong at midnight that the
ladies wanted shades. This coast is
perfectly beautiful, or, should have
said grand. AS well as wonderful. For
nearly 2GO miles the islands are SO
thick. so close together. that it is like
sailing mp a river which expands into
lakes. The whole distance is Oversha-
dowed with sn0y capped mountains
from 1000 to 5000 feet IN height, rising
abruptly from the water, while in the
distance are to he seen those which are
much higher. We We're exposed only
~ or twice to the omen sea, and then
only two OF three hours at a time. The
air here is very exhilarating. Yesterday
the children picked Wild flowers as We
were walking, and within a few feet
made snOw-halls. Ii is a wonder that
IN so short a season ANYTHING can be
grown II this latitude, and vet grass
springs up rapidly, often growing an
inch In "a hours. They have but two
seasons really-tan months of winter |
and two OF summer. Although the
season is 50 long yet The tiOrds never
freeze. and think We often have as
cold weather in New York. The occu-
patton Of the place IS fishing. mostly
herring and goldfish. All are well TO do;
no rich and no poor. The people are
intelligent, tie masses receiving A fair
education. Bat what a queer place and
what queer customs From the belfIy
Of the church between the hours Of s at
night and q A. Ma man shouts the
time Of night through a large tin horn
intervals of every Laif hOuE. The
wear large. wide rufs. We
Just been 10 See the Laps, OIn 3
Or 1 miles from the town. They were
notified the day before. and for a small
spent The whole day among the
gathering their reindeer.
they droved down for rs u see
ON 40 OF them IL number. II Was
such aI.oyel sign. L s-e them coming
The sep mountains. They Will
Tot live low down. Is hey eat only rein
'eer nuss. which grows where il Is
very cold. Cows Will not eat where
hey have been, rs the scent of the lit {
lie hair they shed is very offensive TO !
hem."-Roehester Union. ',
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
The Failure Of Wooden Pavements in
(Nbicapa


1t is no wonder people bagtn 10 lose
confidence in The NicolsOn pavement,
and contemplated return 10 the Belgian
and cobble stone pavements, with all
their noise and discomfort. There is
no doubt that in all the vie world
there is nothing Sd g lsperatingly dis
agreeable as a delapidated Nicolson
pavement. When this style of pave
ment Was first fastened upon our city,
the argument used was that the soft
and pOrIs nature Of the soil would sus-
tain no other. To a certain extent this
was a fact at that time, but it must be
borne in mind that the entire grade of
the city has been raised fully six feet
since then. and streets which were then
little better than Sloughs or quagmires.
are now solid and substantial from the
debris of the great fire AMI the constant
filling in of refuse matter.
Where there Was no chance to lay
anything Save the long boards upon
which the Nicolson blocks are placed,
there are now solid roadwayS Wherein
any sort Of pavement we'll laid will find
A sure foundation. The blame for the
present wretched condition of the
streets rests primarily upon the city
authorities; and secondly. upon the rad.
zeal defects of the NicOlS0n system.
W., l,,.l .rirh tho . "a most p1rA sInulA
blocks of the wooden pavement begin
to give way here and there as sOon as
travel over it commences, and then
goes quickly to pieces unless prompt
attention is paid to repairs. This neg
lect on the part of thu city authorities
has been marked, and upon this ac-
count miles upon mills Of the streets
are ragged, uneven, full of holes, and
the provocative of much profanity
among those VINO are compelled To drive
over the m. Then again there is a cause
of great complaint i'll the frequent
breaks that occur III the pavementS on
some Of the streets. That is, places
where there is no pavement at all.
These breaks occur on account OF the
owner OF the property refusing To pay
the necessary assessment, and the dis
cOvery, upon looking up the ~record.that
the property is So much encountered
that It would not pay 10 try to collect
the cost of paving. Wabash avenue,
once the pride and boast of Chicago. is
particularly obS'ructct By these un-
paved spaces. tween Madison street
and Twenty-oecond, Il distance OF just
TWO miles. there is fully half IA mile IN
patches. either one side of the street or
the other winch Is unpaved. La other
words. there is that length of frontage
where the property would not sell Tor
--- -, - rrrsprt cncumbrance
to pay the cost of a wooden pavement
hail wal across the street. South Park
avenue, which is the direct roadway
newly paved three years ago with the
Nicolson blocks. At the present writ
ing it is Il disgrace to the city, and only
lit to he used as a rough and ready cure
for dyspeptic5. Dle thing is certain,
unless oar city authorities take the
matter Oh repairing these streets In
hand ut once. the 10000 to $4,000 per
mile which these paYements cost, will
have to be Invested over again very
sOOn.- CFicag) Correspondence Troy
Times
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
Ancient Extravaganza.

Seneca says that, at his time, women
of rank wore three pearls in each ear.
every one of which was worth ali
ample patrimOny. The shoes of the
ladies were enriched by chains Of pearls
sewn upon the edges, and they were
freely used in the embroidery upon their
garments. The very extravagant among
the luxurious ancients even served them
at entertainments. not because Of any
flavor they were thought 10 possess, but
simply To show that money Was LO
object 70 the giver of the feast. Esopus
Claudius had the honor of being the
~introducer of the wickedly ex~travagant
fashion. At one OF his bargnets he
presented each guest with a pearl which
had been subjected TO the action OF vim
egar. They all declared that the taste
was delicious, but to a frugal. mind. II
would seem a pity that the magnificent
heather had not had sense enough IN
devour oysters and spare the pearls.
The jewel that the sumptuous Cleopatra
swallowed at supper on her wager with
Antony, cost 10000 sterling. She had
provided another pearl Of equal value
10 absorb in the same manner. hut
Plancur. the umpire. seized and rescued
it The second pearl was afierward cut
and made into two ear pendants for the
Venus Of the Pantheon.-Troy TimcS
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
TIE Koran and its Precepts.

The koran consists of ia chapters
each of which pretends to be a yerba-
tim copy of a distinct revelation made
to MOhammed. The revelations were
written on palm leaves or mutton blade
bones as MOhammed recited them to
his disciples, and were, after his death,
collected into one volume, but without
the least regard to chronological order.
There is not much more connection be-
tween them than between the several
grams in a heap of sand. The mOnOtOn-
Gus reiteratiOns with which the book
abOunds are exceedingly tedious and
dull. Poetry, which sometimes rises to
grandeur, alternates with exceedingly
dull, didactic prose or puerile legend.
Of parallels there are but few speci-
mems; and these are for the most part
borrowed from biblical sources. There
is no evidence in the Koran OF deliber-
ate invention; it is rather a badly di-
gested compilation of materials, derived
from a variety of sources, true and
false, historical and mythical. 1t was
originally written in the purest Arabic
MOhammed continually appeals to its
extraordinary s%uperhuman beauty and
purity, as ali evidence of the divine
source from which he declared 1t to
flow. The Koran teaches "A pure, rigid,
austere mOnOtheiSm ; a belief in one alb
solute God, not as a philosOphic alb
stractiOn, but as a living Being, eIer-
cising a vital energy upon the world
which he has made. God! there is no
God but He. the living, the s~elf-subsist-
ing; neither slumber o sleep layeth
hold of him. To Him b%elOngeth what.
ever is in heaven or on earth" The
omnipresence and Omniscence of God,
and the unerring justice OF His future
judgment upon men, are declared with
earnestness and e%lOquence. There is
no private discourse among three per-
Ons but He is the fourth OF them; nor
among five but He is the sixth of them;
neither among a smaller nor a larger
number, but He is with them whereSO.
ever they be; and He will declare unto
them that which they have done on the
day of Judgment" While the Koran
jealousy guards the unity OF the God
head, it inculcates a belief in informed
late beings, angels and genii, who are
allowed to exercise a very powerful in
fiuence upon human beings. The angels
are represented as incorpOredl beings,
created of fire, the guardians of the
throne of God, the messengers of His
| will between heaven and earth. At the
creation of man, they were hidden to
worship Adam as the son of God. All
ODeyeu oAoup: tho devil EUlis, who was
too proud and p%nvinne tn tnll down be-
fore a creature of clay. Further IIir
good angels are described as impecable
and immortal; of various orders and
ranks. To each man is assigned his
guardian angel; and two who attend
him, one on either side, take an account
of his actions, good and bad, which will
be produced on the day of judgment.
Angels take the souls of men from their
bodies; angels will Summon men to
judgment Dy the sound ~r
angels intercede with God for the peni-
tent; angels will convey the faithful to
heaven, the lost to hell, where they will
keep guard over the fallen Spirits
Troy Times.
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
The Co~-aCk-.

n makes The INVASION II the Rus
sian troops into Turkey a terror 10 the
surrounding population Is the presence
among them of the Wild. uu~d.sciuliral
CoSSdCk cavalry, VINO ut., ,.-L4
upon As enrolled huShwuackers clear
ing the Way for the advancing army.
To know who and what these CoSs4cks
are may be interesting a. The present
time. The origin OF the name. though
not quite certain. seems - h- from Ia.
name hGZGIs. which IN Turkish means
robbers but IN the Tartar dialect sig
niles light mounted warriors" They
seem IL have sprung from hordrs Of
fugitive Russian settlers along the banks
of the Dneiptr. who Id before the in
vading Poles. stephen Et'huti. weare
informed. one OF the ahirst Polish Mugs.
IN 1876. consolidated these fierce. war
like tnhes Ia serve rs defenders ot his
own frontiers, ard gave them "A rrgu-
lar organ sGtion under hetmans. or
chiefs. ENturtIon and Prosecutions eN-
aSperattd them in Poland. and under
their leader. ChmicluiC.t. in l6tS. they
rehelled. but their Instruction WAS
stained with the Widest deeds of raw
age and blooishtd. and ended in their
suhjugatlon to Russia The new rule.
however, proving equally oppressive.
a part of the tribe showed disposition
To follow MaZrppa. their chief. and Ia
join Charles MI against l'rtcTtheGreat
For this attempt the Gar took blpsiy
revenge. and many of the Cussacks flrl
Ia the trImea. OF I'll" Western Cos
sacks the l.apOIogians were at all lines,
the ~lirTcest and most predatory. They
deSpise marriage. and recruit their num-
heIs 10y kidnapping children. The East
ern j'ossacks appear III the service of
lsuNla as early - the sixteenth century.
The chief province of The Cussacks at
present is the vast steppcs west If the
Don. hence their name. Cossacks of the
Don. The population In l~I1 was l.
OlO.l3j. They. with the n~eighboTiug
WIFI lIittS, are ulNl l'l INTO UlstttCtS,
called stGnitIGS or settlements. They
live on "A perioc. equality OF rights.
Their occupations ARE fishing and cattle
breeding. nearly their whole treasure
consisting in horses. I'm time of Wal
all between the ages of eighteen AMI
fifty must serve. AMI on horseback.
They provide their own arms. viz. a
lance ten tO twelve feet long. "A Carhiur.
pistols and "a saler. Their horses are
small and shaggy. but swift and Indr-
f~otfgable. The principal use made of
The Cossacks by the Russians ~ to inter
cept small IL .achmerts. annoy an army
| on the march and hdrrlss a r.trratiug
enemy, as was the ease with Napoleon
| after the burning Of NJ qcnw. TIC
COssacks are of the Creek creed. and
speak "A mixture If Russian. Tolirh and
Tartar. They are brave and reckless.
but not necessarily cruel or fond ~
Want"n hl""ishri. II ~ their savage.
appearance" that contributes Ia spread
The terror of their name wherever they
are secn.-Sf Lonis GloLe Demacyqt
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

most destroyed: scarcely a house habit
able. and those left standing pierced by
shot and shell" AZ one time the dea-
p"rafe garrison fell 10 plundering the
town; Elliott Shot the leaders in this
outrage. The long agony. full Of terri
nc combats and frighttIl privations
ended by the final Abandonment Of the
siege early IN l5~l II III that year The
English Ind {" make up their minds
lhat they must let Go their AmeTi-
can colonies. they hal a, least the con-
ISOLATION that Gibraltar WAS still theirs.
-hGrper.s MllGEine.
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30
The ROmanceS Of History.

The original icOnOclaSts had a neat
way of knocking idOlatrous images in
pieces, partly because they were moved
by a sense of duty and partly because
thetimes We're dull and ordinary amuse.
ments too high priced. Theirs was com.
paratlvely a harmless occupation. The
damage they did could be repaired at
the expense of a few fresh pigments.
some yards of canvas and blocks of
wood and stone, according to the de-
mand. The monks Of the eighth or
ninth century could rehabilitatc a saint
almost in a jiffy. Since then the idol
smashers have made a great advance.
No longer content with SCATTERING the
gross emblems of a religious faith, they
have Invaded the realms of the imagi-
nation, and attacked the most sacred
traditions of humanity. mo man is
truly great to his valet" saith the phi
losOpher, and, We feel inclined to add,
no great man. in these days, is without
a valet. The sight of the worlds heroes
en- deshebiUe is a painful and democrat
izing spectacle. The MAJ who con-
vinces Ingenious childhood that all the
dolls are stuffed with sawdust is a mon
ster whom it would be base flattery to
call a villain; and, in the same way,
society owes no debt of gratitude to the
writer who strips the massive figures of
history of their brightest ornament.
Discriminating people will not, there
fore, be thankful for an article in the
last number of the GALAXY entitled
THE Embroidery of History" in which
an attempt is made to prove that the
True, the Beautiful, and the Good are
Idle terms as applied to the past, and
only applicable in their full meaning to
the skeptics of the present.
When the son of Richard Brinsley |
Sheridan proposed to 60 down in a coal
mine, the father demonstrated, and
asked what reason he could possibly
have for so senseless an excursion. II
should like to say, father" answered
the young man, shat l had seen a coal
"What is to prevent your say
ing so now 2" retorted the tender parent
Readers of the GALAXY will feel, we
hope, that there is nothing to prevent
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

san DIEGO. las a young gsntisn Al
te!e2rapnc operator. who. after Of
repeated calls for a young LSty OPERA
Tor IN aso.her Office. AZ Lst ~, a ~
spouse. = then. click. click. click
tfortissanot he ,~.l-yr4P11d lark 20 her.
Vehemsntly. Il have b-.n trying % 81
you FOR the lAs. hour In amJm-n;
the following reply came tripping back
10 him v . The wires from the cle-
graphic maiden That's ro,hing there
Is q young man here whO has b--n Try
Ing 70 do the sane thing for TWO years,
and be hasn't %, IN yet.
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

The Rev. John Wise, of Little Rock
Arkansas, expresses q sentiment that,
he maintains, should be more generally
acquiesced in and acted upon than it
seems to be in that region, viz: 1T is
not loud praying that counts with the
Lord, SO much as giving four full
quarts to the gallon"
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

what river" she said, as she tight
ened her grip on the mahogany chair
and uttered a howl of anguish. while
tears a down her cheeks, do I espec-
tally remind you OFF," "Why," said he,
giving the forceps an experimental
wrench about a quarter of the way
around, "Of the T~usky-roarer," and he
calmly but firmly extracted what she
thought was the end of the shoulder
blade. And what other river now"
said the brave girl, turned white as a
sheet. as he held the bone up in the air
and flOurished 1t triumphantly. "Why.
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

III tppiness is in taste AMI not in
things; ard it is by having whs: We
love that We are happy, not by having
what Others find agreeable Rochefau-
caulf
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

VIVA; is the interior Of Africa prin-
used for?- asked q teacher Of a
pupil For purposes of exploration
was the reply.
The Red Cloud chief., 1877-08-30

Have ! MT a rgb : 20 be sAley II |
asked a young LADY Of AZ old
bachelor. Yes. IL YOU pleG,r. bot mol,
II you dispLsqss.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1877-03-29
TO THE PUBLIC.

The late Law passed by the Legislature
postponing the further collection of taxes
for 1876 until October next, requires the
County Trustee TO give additional bond
to double the amount of uncollected tax
ca, that together with the small amount
of one per cent allowed as commissions
and the labor and cost attending the
making out an entirely new set of eollec-
tioB books, forces me in justice TO my
bondsmen. aad my Own interests, to re-
sign the position of Trustee for the conn
ty of Hardenan. The BDcollected taxes
amount TO about twelve Thousand dollars,
and the com mission allowed on the same
will net exc as9 one hundred and tWent,
dollars, vhereas, if only une half Is COL
lected, which Is a reasonable allowance
then the Trustee would receive bat sixty
dollars, for all the labor aud expeBpe A.
tending the business. Considering the
responsibility and labor of this Errk.
and the poor pay allowed, am compel.
ed to resign. AIIuE ne 70 express 10 nv
fell0w-citizens of the county my hearty
thanks for the confidence and uniform
kindness extended towards me while dis
charging the duties Of the os6ce which
now surrender. Respectfully
& SAVAGE