The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-03-21
like the hrst;and run together through Il
same processot 55 ~ =,
PICKING AND mr. TING AND CLEANING


when it comes out again in the:same shape as
it is desired to make the sssliver" from which
the thread yarn, is to be spun. What
s'sliver'' is will be learned further on. The
machine is so delicately set that it regulates
the thickness OF the web or lap to within halt
an ounce, in aweb of five feet, weighing only
twelve to eighteen ounces. After being put
through three scutohing machines ~ this
web or lap similar to that produced by the
first process, it is ready tor the carding ma
chimes. This Department is filled with card
ing Machines, Drawing Frames, Lappers, and
Combing Machines, . perfect labyrinth OF
betting, pulleys and machinery, the noise OF
which is like the roar ofmany waters mingled
with the clatter OF thousand wheels. One
OF the large rolls Of webb or lap that came from
the last scutching machine is placed on q
carding machine, which takes and runs it
BETWEEN THE TEETH
of q large and small cylinder for the purpose
OF drawing out the entangled fbers and laying
and also to remove the small pellicles or
notes which may have escaped the action OF
the scutching machine. After being treated
in this way, c0mber or dOffer takes the web
from the small cylinder, which is now deli
cate gauze; and it is gathered up and passed
through small hole, say halt an inch in size,
after which it is coiled in arevolving can. The
the material being so finely worked that q
breath OF air would break it. This card con-
tains ninety thousand square teeth to q foot,
or a total OF four million one hundred and
eighty six thousand. On the carding machine
is little joker that works like some old man,
raising3the wire covered flats from the teeth
OF the carder, which it cleans, and throws off
ha a. of RI RI onffN,, M
them. Six OF the
TIN CANS CALLED CARD sLlvERs.
in which the roll is wound are now taken to
another machine called Drawing Frame and
run together into one '.sliver." These six
gether through a hole and made one, they fall
into another silver and are then no larger
than one OF the six from which it was made,
although they have not yet been twisted at
all. Fourteen of these cans full of slivers are
placed at the ''Lapper" and run between two
rollers, making new web nine inches wide
and half an inch thick, which comes out like
the original roll from the scutchin8 machine
that takes the cotton from the bales, only tLat
now it is soft and delicate as is possible to
conceive; weighing only one hundred and
forty five grains to the yard, nine inches
wide. It now goes in rolls to wonderful
little machine, French invention, first intro
duced in this country by The Clark Thread
Company. 1t is refined carding machine,
the product OF which is as mnch superior in
fneness to the large carders just described as
the most elegant silk goods are to
THE coARsEsr COTTON CLOTH.
is only used by the best thread makers as it
is very expensive and while it makes the
thread superior in quality, it adds twenty per
cent to the cost of manufacture. Six OF the
rolls OF webbing are now passed together
through the cOmbing machine between two
rollers, and combed by innumerable steel
teeth to the tineness OF gossamer and thethin-
cred into one soft round 'sliver," again, goes
through rollers once more, when it is cooled
INTO cans as before, with a loss of twenty per
cent. on the material which composed the
web when it was put on the French machine.
It is a texture so fine and soft that one can
not but wonder how it bears its own weight.
After the last process, six of the slivers are
one silver no larger than any Of the six from
which it is drawn. Then six of these last are
put through the same process reducing them
IN size six times, and adding that to the length.
This is repeated three times, and each time
they are coiled into cans. The last silver is
the same size and weight as when the process
began, although doubled four hundred and
thirty five thousand, four hundred and fifty
six times. The last cans are now taken to
THE FIRST sLuBB1NG FRAME,
from which cans they are passed through
rollers, then twisted to about the size OF a
lead pencil, and wound bobbins, all by the
same machine. From this they 20 to the
second slubbing frame, where one hundred
and two spindles on each machine are wind
ing yarn from two hundred and four bobbins,
which came from the first slubber, two threads
being wound upon one spool. The next or
intermediate slubbing machine winds upon
one hundred and seventy-six spools, from
three hundred and fitty-two bobbins, which
last is called the rowing machine, and fills
two hundred and forty. spools, which came
from four hundred and eighty bobbins, from
the intermediate slubbing machine. By this
repetition OF doubling and twisting the yarn
IS fast becoming strong and hard. We now
follow the yarn called ''roving" to the self
acting s'mule,' which makes eight hundred
and forty threads of yarn from sixteen hun
dred and eighty bobbins. This wonderful
machine, two OF which are operated by one
man, draws out the yarn and twists 1t from six
teen hundred and eighty spools, wheni it comes
away, and on its return winds it OH eight hum
bred cops (spools) making the last number of
thread yarn. We now come to
THE THREAD MILL,
which is distinct and independent depart
ment. The cotton yarn comes here, and first
goes to the cop winding machines, where it is
run from the cop, through delicate balances,
over soft telt ground, upon bobbins, two
From the cop winding department, the bob
bins 80 to the singing department, where the
two threads that were run together on the
spool, in the cop winding department, are
twisted or spun in one thread. The thread,
as it is unwound, runs through water, and
rapidly over glass guides, and the bobbin
which receives it revolves five thousand times
per minute twisting hundreds of threads on
each machine. After being twisted two thread
together, making one hard thread, three Of
the latter are again run together on a bobbin,
the same as in the first cop winding depart
ment. Three of these are now twisted to-