The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-03-04

EnRlbn lnhttutlOne, ana clllcu MIN IN irony,
Milford Camille" From this moment the lines
were drawn in Piedmont between the constitu-
tlonal and revolutionary parties.
While tho scheme OF parliamentary govern
ment was maturing cnme the French revolution
Of the Oath OF February. followed ny an expo-
sion throughout Europe. Sicily WINS already in
instruction. and Milan. after Ave days light
ing. expelled the Germans. At the same mo-
ment Venice freed herself and the Austrian
domination. weakened by tho disturbances in
Vienna. scarcely held its forresses Of the Adigc.
These events were many to sins to Turin.
and with the first peal Cavour placed himself at
tho heart OF the Italian movement outstrippng
tho most daring. and attacking. perhaps with
out Illusions. but without subterfuge or reserve.
the double problem OF constitutional liberty and
national Independence. 1t was, however, the
destiny of Italy to show In the space Of q
single decade how ono revolution may
iail from the want Of concert and
direction. and how another. organized,
timed, and guided. may succeed. One
year after tho confident departure of the Sar-
dinian army for Lombardy. IT encountered tho
catastrophe Of Novara. whore the King Charcs
Albert riskcd his crown. and whore no, only
Piedmont but tho Liberal party Of the whole
peninsula. lost for the moment their last
chance. To the young Prince. Victor Emanuel.
who was called 10 occupy vacant throne, two
courses were opon--to accept the secure posi-
ton OF n client OF Austria. like another Duke Of
Modona. or ~ support tho heavy consequences
oil war and tho cnInity of reactionary Europe.
holding fast meanwhile. the Constitution and tho
trcolored flag. thosurviving symbols Of autono-
my and aspiration. II was mainly due to the
influence of such mon rs d'Azeglio. La Marmora.
and Cavour that he chose tho lattcr altcrna-
tive Sardinia. therefore, although crushed
was not disodgcd from the path Of progress.
and so 1t came to pass that in 1852. after two
years service in a subordinate Office we find
Cavour Prime Minister Of a parliamentary Gov
eminent Ono OF his first decisive acts was TO
break with the cxtromo Right. and by cement
ing an alliance between the Left and the Right
Centres 10 construct solid ministerial ma
jority. Thenceforward. with tho confidence OF
his King he had an imprcgnablo position in
Parliament from which no could proceed with
confidence ~ the accomplishment OF his designs
and the progressive realization OF his policy.
This policy. which thus began by creating It's
own investment OF action. was in certain sense
original although Cavour had not evolved II
from his imagination, but received 1t from cir
cumstanccs. Others doubtless had conceived
the germ or tho prcscntment OF the same plans.
but he gave them order and correlation, re-
duccd them to practical conditions. and sat
upon them the stamp OF u mind at once venture
some and wary. The precise significance OF
phrasc then In many mouths. We must begin
again" was announced by him ns follows: " II
is impossible for the Sandman Government 10
have n national Italian policy In tho face OF
foreign countries without being liberal
and progressive ut homo Just rs II
would b. impossible to favor reform ut
oil ola ,n1
Italian in our foreign relations" He saw that
II Piedmont meant TO carry cut this programme
she must display. on small scale. the energy.
sagacty. and activity Of great country that
she must begin by rogaining her elf-rcspect
and recovering in Italy and Europe position
and repute commensurate with her AS irations.
From this promise he deduccd his policy. in
variable In its general direction. flexible and
various In its means. embracing within its cir
Gle finances. diplomacy. ecclesiastical affairs,
and military reorganization.
Clvour's budget was the epitome Of his sys-
tenn. the work OF "a man who means not only to
pay the ransom of misfortune. but to create the
means of reparation. lie comprehen lsd that II
Piedmont remained poor. her taxes would in
any ciso be too heavy. and that the best way 10
augment the revenue WAS TO inygcrate tho
springs OF industry and production. Accord
ingly. NJ the risk Of aggrayating the existing de-
iict. he did not shrink from aotting more than
forty millions Of dollars ia railways and other
public works. and from furthering by sub
stintial encouragement the development OF the
spirit OF enterprise and association. lie ven
tured also 10 apply the doctrines Of free trade
not. however. in the sweeping fashion Of nero
thcorst but 10y successive. graduated reforms
10 which he was partially impelel 10y political
motive. the wish 10 concLiato tho English
people, The commercial treaties which he con-
cluIed In pursuance Of this idea had
the effect OF lifting Sardinia from tho
isolation caused by her disaster. and
bringing her into close relations with the great
nations Of the West-knottlng, In other words. a
league Of interests which might and did ulti-
mgt'ly become an alliance OF opinion and policy.
Austria forosaw the outcome OF these shrewd
measures. Before his death Schwartz nherg.
the Primo Minister. said with Md ssuiscl ILL.,
humor. Piedmont viii conirlvo 10 buy the sup
port Of England for Italy" Cavour made no
at'empt 10 disguise the economical sacrifices TO
which he urged his country in order To assure
kind and cordial relations with tho French
Government. and he let fall hint In 1851
which cams 10 sound ike a prophecy. Might
there not occur complication which should
divide all our neighhors into two camps. East
AMI Wcst1 In that event, would it not b. well
for US to be on the side Of FrAncog'
The question Of ecclesiastical reform was also
In CNOur's view as much "a mutter # national
interest ia OF domestic governments Il was in
IA t. one OF the elements Of the Italian problem.
t. his mind thero WIS but one solution tho
complete separation nal Independence Of the
civil and religious power an idea which was
practically embodied in the familiar phrase. a
FREQ Church and iroe State" But II Ia post
Die 10 carry out such convictions without evin-
cling sectnrian passions. the subuety II casu-
st. or the cvity OF rerklcss innOyator. and
just this WAS the DISTINGUISHING feature OF Ca
YOURS ,ious policy. He used 10 say that he
was not ,ittrn with "prctroph bin" and Mon
signor Darboy, the future victim OF the
Commune. pronounced him an extraor-
binary man because IL was not possible TO de-
toct the iaintest trace OF hatred In his heart.
The truth Ia that no tolerant md shrcwd man
would think il necessary 10 lavish violent Ian
guase anlw und noodcssly thesus ,eptibnities
Of tho clergy. but would aim TO win them over.
and not lnfrnQuently succeed. On one Ocras on,
when tho general OF IN order fresh from Rome
had retired overcome by the ministers courtesy,
Cnvour said. laughing: Nov on leaving my
house, this tr.ar goes 10 tho Bishops. who |