davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-03-11

ss7 ss7 ;SB SSB sss sss 49,. :Fii sFS AZ: AZ:
sEAE SEak 18th 18th st. ST:
/ | F !, T. + :
L 10 sa ssf saEEzrr1t IL ssEEEzn sE sss 8
9TH Av. AND 10TH ST.
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
OPENING ON MONDAY. MARCH IL.
OUR NEW ADDITION on SECOND FLOOR.
BUILT EXPRESSLY 113s gok TIE ~ BETTER rxHrBl.
LADIES' READY MADE UNDERWEAR
WE SHALL INACCURATE
THE OPENING or THIS NEW EXTENSION
by Offering the cheapest and handsomess stock
ladies'. chiidren's and infants dnc Underwear
to be found in tho city.
and It shall be our eons.an. aim in the future.
shroush low prices, nswe.. Styles
best WORK and material
and close study Of the wants Of our customers,
to make tins the m. most popular department
We Y a4asitl5l2? fSAaH aEEF 4ssoHfsHA4 Ss E2sRHE
Ss:. "as D.. wsv' ds". sna
%.is%s and Fine f$: s.a.oo4 ali S:s ss:.
nm rost sseusc. ok aep".r Swsr p.ies
Aasnans: :. Knit house in this city
ladies'. and Children. .'ss .ns Rs,sss~s "n. %sro,.
vA4 1HSE MASE
Si 81 LOCK 0 sTirCh MACHINES. s'' "o"A' AA' MADE
Great variety Of lawn and oambrc Nghtsowns Chcmises
Drawers skirts. &C., trimmed with linen. VAL and other
We SHALL ALSO OFFER ON MONDAY
fine Hamburg. cambric and Nainsook Embroiderles
Tcrehon ,r linen Laees and Edsiuss.
to which we beg to direct your special attention.
Made up Lace Goods in every variety.
and all orders tor Ovcrskirts. Basques Fichus, &c,
executed ut short notice.
ladies. misses ana ehildren's
silk. Babr'ggan and i.isle Hose
Dress Trimmings. Gmps. Braids and Frnges
In all the newest styles.
GENTLEMEN's DRESS SHIRTS
We are now Offering genticmcns Dress Shirts made Of
the best materials and warranted to gvo satisfaction
AZ the following low prces:
Gents Wamsntta mus shirts and very ine linen bo-
SONS, neatly stitched. all sizes. 81 each.
Gents Wm"" @ a muslin Shirt, and Se. linen bosOm'
tents Nish, shirt =, si,es 9se and = = each
BOYS SHIRTS
Boys wamsutta muslin Shirts and fine linen bosoms fin
ished IN best manner. ST each
Boys fancy shirts. two Collars included. 81 each.
EiCmiRb MEAREs.
corner 9Th av. and l9tb ST.
PIcn DRESS GOODS
WOOL. siLK and WOOL,
ALL til. VARIOUS sE%soyABLE NOVELTIES
BEING CONSTANTLY RECEIVED
by EVERY STEAMER.
ADDED to orR ALREADY CHOICE COLLECTION
FABRICS in rniis DEPARTMENT
PRICES n xHHfIHa @ os !. is s1rE st EbH YARD
A. T. STEWART CO..
BROADWAY. rn Az, 9TH and ,cru srs
paris NOVELTIES
TABLE LINEN.
W. y, nav, ,''o,,s viFnssg ,iMSSnrArros
. '"' III THs%S SsrESS! ETS!E rS soysEs Ss1su
AAhSp'RREks S2% DkslcSs y t&a9Rs aS6 silApps.
EXCEEDINGLY Ken.
EMBRoIpEsEp ASp WOVEN TOWELS,
- with RELIEF PATTERNS In COLORs,
NOW BEING INTRODUCED the
HAUTE SuUNEAuTE IN FAIRS,
LARGE Il a2SSsorlSS and rcrGiaa xs SSfFoacx
LINENS and HOUSEKEEPING GOODS.
PRICES tha, CANNOT FAIL to ATTRACT.
r. STEWART a co.
BROADWAY. 4th Av. 9th and 10th STS
OPENIXG.-sMfrH'> PATTERN BAZAAR,
~ 10 East l4th 81.
Grand display ~f imported Fashions.
Patterns with cloth MODELS now ready.
II EEps SHIRTS. 57i BROADwAY.-vERY BEST
quality; very lowest prices Send address and
samples free Hair the usual cost saved
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-03-11
ANEs A. HEARS 4 son.

JAMES A. HEARN 4 son,
77s AND 775 BROADWAY. ABOVE 9TH ST.
For other Dry Goods Advertisement Soc
Sixteenth Page.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-03-11

SPECIAL ATTEN.
TON Is CALLED TO
OUR CELkBi;ATED
S3. ~ AND S. DRESS
AND WALKING BUT.
TO n ED BOOTS,
WHICH. IN STYLE
AND WORK MANSIilP,
AXE SUPERIOR TO
ANY BEFORE SOLD
IN TIE CITY At TiiE
PRICES.
OUR MISSES AND
CHILDEENS SCHOOL
AND DRESS SHOES
AT 81 AND 50 80 ARE
ABSOLUTELY uNE-
QC ALLIED.
A SUPERIOR LINE
or YOUTHS AND
BOYS FRENCH CALF
HAND MADE BUT
TONED BOOTS ALI
WAYS ON HAND.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-03-11

ENGLISH SILK WHARF HENRIETTAS.
&c., 81. 81 25 81 81 81 80 81 %. 81 10, 81 81 25.
ALL WOOL MATELAsSE. FOR DOLMANS.
NEW DESIGNS, ElGHTY-FIvE CENTS.
COURTAULD'S GRAPES AND GRAPE Wells.
LUPIN's LONG AND SQUARE THIBET sHAwLs
77s AND ITO BROADWAY. ABOVE cru ST.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-04-25
Daily S'rnnrbrt Sournal.

The EFFECT OF SCANDAL-MoNGERIN
on CHILDREN One of the defects OF this
age is the "lastness" of our boys and girls.
And every bit of il is traceable back TO
homes, where idle news-carricrs drop in
continually, and are permitted to unfold
their budget of gossip and scandal. Chill
dren hear more than is ever believed, and
the winks, mods and hints that they catch
at Intervals excite their curiosity, and to
satisfy this. chances are not wanting. But
to prevent betraying what they hear, they
also learn to be very sly, so that, in time,
they are able to build block-houses, make
kites, or even pretend to study their les
son, and yet hear every word that is said.
1t is wonder that, by the time the re-
serve and purity of the mothers's mind is
worn out, the daughters is in just the
same condition, with this difference that,
while the mother has family ties that serve
as a check, and has the judgment of ma
turer years, the daughter Is hampered by
none of these, so that. as she stands on
the threshold of life, she is like a boat
tossed out on the sea without a pilot, save
her own desire, and the crew. instead of
being all good influences of the past, are
just the reverse. 1t will be miracle II
she sails through safely. and if she should
sink we must accept the penalty, and
know that it is the work of our own hands.
Can't we, from this day, shut out all Cos
sips scandal and low stories from our
homesp Do not tolerate it. and if any
one insists upon entertaining you on these
subjects, do what you would do were they
offering you poison. Chicago Tribune.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-04-25
S9,OOO,OOO.
TO

The Lives Insured by the Society are caref, y
selected In different parts of North America an
Europe furnishing, by this broad field of opera
tions an additional and exceptional safety to thu
Policy bolders. The assurances are made only on
the Mutual Principle. The Surplus Premiums art
returned annually to the Insured
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-04-25
TONTlNE PLAN.

or upon the principle OF aceumulatng profits fol
definite periods which was first introduced by THU
Society, and has been recommended and endorsed
by eminent experts IN Life Insurance, and by lead
ing business men. Forty-four per cent. has beer
earned and accumulated on the premiums paid OF
sit Tontne Life Policies, and forty per cent on it,
Tontine Endowment Policies. issued within the last
years.
The Directors OF the Equitable Life Assurance
Society represent exclusively the inter eets of the
tce they feel that it has strong claims upon public
confidence, because OF the strict and conservative
principles by which its various Departments ar
governed. In the assets and in the administration
OF the Society, perfect security liz given for the flu
ture, which Is of great Importance those depend.
ing upon their insurance policies Tor the uitmat.
upport of their families
No Life Insurance Company has such arge an.
nual transactions as the Equitable; none is mere
promptand Just in its dealings.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-04-25

TRUSTEES Thomas Lambari, Jas. W, North.
ARENAS Lbbey, VIM. s. Badger, Sam'l Titcomb,
OFFICE-in Savings Bank Building ia Water
81. Bank Oren daily, from A. NJ. to j p. M, and
from TO $50 p. Nj. Saturday Evenings, IRON to
80 O'CLOCK,
Interest on DEPOSITS payable twice a year Feb.
ana Aug. Interest not drawn out is added TO the
deposit thus making COMPOUND INTEREST.
Interest begins on the first day of each month.
Money deposited on or before the tenth ddy OF each
month, will draw interest from the FIRST day of the
same month";
ASUnder tn listing law of this State, all de
peslts in Savings Banks, are exempt from munich
pal taxation.
No returns of names Of depositors are required
u be made to state or town authorities. and all ac.
counts are held by this Bank to be strictly private
Married women and persons under age can de.
post money in their own names, so that IL can be
drawn only by themselves, or on their order.
Especial advantages Afforded to Executors,
Guardians, Trustees, and others having in charge
Trust Funds.
wM.R SMITH Treasurer.
Augusta, April 20, 1875.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-04-25
AUGUSTA SAVINGS BANK
Organized in1S1H.

TRUSTEES:-ThomasL ambarti, Jas. w, North,
ARENAS Libbey, VIM. s. Badger, Saml Titcomb.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16

One great hindrance to self knowledge is
the spirit of self defence. The Pharisee,
who stood and pray ed by himself, than king
God that he was not like other men are, is
the type of those who turn from the confess
sional. The Pnblican is the type of the
Pentteut upon his kuees. For wh8t rs the
Sacrament of Peuance but the Sacrament
of Self accusationq We are all tempted to
excuse ourselves. When the eyes and ears
of the world are open upon US, We are full
of apologies or desials. 1t leeds the heroic
humility of saint to suffer aud be silent {:
like ST. Vincent de Paul who, when falsely
accused in the ante chamber of the King of
France, went down on his knees and took
the shame without a word. But in the
confessional we can make no excuses. We
know that all is known to Him who sits
t:ere unseen. "For the word of God is
living and effectuaI, and more piercing
than any two o.edged sword and reaching
unto the division of the soul and the spirit,
of the joints also, and the marrow, aud is
the discern of the thoughts and intents of
the heart. Neither is there any creature
Invisible in His eight; but all things are
naked and open to his eyes. to whom our
speech is."-Carainal Manning.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16

The Cork ErGm,inCr having stated that the
course CT action pursued by Messrs. Parnell
and Begar was applauded only by the Con-
! seryatiye (Tory) press" the Dublin Nation,
itself staunch advocate of the obstruction
/ policy, replies:
Really, if such an idea is entertained by our
contemporary its acquaintance with the press
I of Ireland must be very limited. The truth
of the matter is, firstly, that nearly all the
leading National and Liberal newspapers of
Ireland have given distinct and uneq uivocal ap-
plause to the line of action referred to !;
secondly, that of the remaining section of the
Liberal press, nearly all have given to it an
occasional and qualified degree of support;
and, thirdly, that Gas far IS our knowledge of
the Irish press extends) the only journal of
that class which has entirely and persisteptly
opposed it is the Cork Examiner. Now, we
ehsll name some of the journals we have
ferred to in the fist of these statements, and
leave it to our, conntrymen to say if they be-
Hong to the " Conservative press" g
The Ulster Examiner, an organ of the Cath
solics of the North of Ireland; and thorough
published y able articles in support of it,
.iRnd lets no opportunity of sustaining it pass
4 by mus d
The Dundalk Democrat an old and faithfrl
champion of Irish nasional rights. q vigorous
supporter of Mestrs. PANEL and Biggar.
The Drogheda drgus, q declared friend of
the Parnel and Bigvar policy.
The Connaught Telegraph, an able and out.
tepoben eupI orter of obstruction"
The Tuam Ners supports the obstruction
policy 10 very decided and vigorous terms.
The Kilkenny journal svaiis of every oppor.
eunity of advocating the obstructive policy,
which it declares to be the only parli iauentary.
ssults for Ireland.
The Wexford People, always " true as steel"
TO the national cause, gives TO the obstructive
policy well.ressoned and po~erful support
The Kerry Tindicator, spirited organ of
patriotic opinion, goes in heartily Tor the
Parnell and Biggar line of parliamentary ac-
lion.
The Glare Adrertiser takes the same line, and
supports it with courage and energy.
The Nation proponnded this policy more
than twelve months ago, and since then has
never ceased to advocl ate and defend it.
The Ueekly NeCs has aided the obstructives
with pen and pencil, and carried their we'll
deserved praise into the homes of the Irish
peasantry throughout the length and breadth of
the land.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16

A MoURNFUL HIATUS IN THE LANGUAGE.
young lady who has had many ad-
mirers is embarrassed to know by what
term to describe them when, as frequently
happens, she finds it necessary to allude to
them in conversation. She says:
What can you call gentleman who is
paying his addresses to youf 1t is vulgar
to say 'my beau and such title makes a
man look ridiculous, which is not always
the object in view. 1t savors of vanity to
say IAN admirer of mine,' and, besides,
such phrase only gives one side of the
relation. The fine old term lover' can
only be used with safety in the most serious
cases, and is open to misconstruction in
connection with fiirtations. Sweetheart
is too soft and tender for common use.
The word flame is a metaphor that is worn
away to Stiffness. It will not do to call a
man your 'Gance' until you are engaged
to him, and it is not we'll to describe him
as your feller' unless you earn your living
in somebody else's kitchen. Tho term
'suitor' implies business views without
affection. What can you call him."
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16

THE LARGEST OF AMERICAN FARMS
Miller & Lux are said to have 700 600 acres
in al, in California, an area nearly as great
as the State of Rhode Island. There must
be at least 400 900 acres in one body, run
ming in strip ten or twelve miles wide
and sixty miles long from Hills Ferry
southward. The canal farm is, therefore,
very small proportion of it. 1t is covered
with farnhouses as we'll equipped in all
respects as the canal farm. They own about
$4,000 head of cattle, aud last year their
new born calves numbered 25 900 head
OF sheep they have vaet number, as we'll
es of hogs, and they Furnish the largest
share of freeh meat for the San Francisco
market. They can start herd from Kern
county and drive it through to San Fran
own land for the cattle to feed on every
uight on the route Stockton Independtnt.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
Catholic Coionists in North Carolina.

Raleigh, N. GA lively interest is felt
here In the coming Roman Catholic immi-
grafton from Philadelphia, Boston and
other points. One colony has purchased
30 900 acres of land in Henderson county
the mountain region, where the coil is
rich and the people honest aud free.
Agents are looking for more land. The
Catholic colonies will be novelties in the
Western section. Catholics are few and
scattered there, and churches, and schools,
and factories will be erected where they
have never been eeen before. Henderson
county Ia about forty miles from South Car
oliua, and about seventy from the Ten
nessee lire. The labor of the whites who
emiSrate here will be appreciated. The
colored population in the western counties
ia not one third 80 large as the cotton re-
gion.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16

MECHANICAL CURIosITY.-A monk of
the Benedictine monastery at Raigern be-
tween Brunn and Vienna, has completed a
mechanical curiosity in the shape of self
moving terrestrial globe, A metres in
diameter. A com bnation of wheels gives
a motion similar to that of the earth, aud
Ehen once set going it will revolVe for
Ehree weeks. At the north pole of the axis
Are dial plates, ON which the days, months,
etc. are indicated, and over these is a
emaller globe, by means of which the mo-
lion TTG OF planet round the sun is exhibited.
me larger glote sets the smaller one in
motion by the agency of twelve wheels.
Inc construction of the mechanism took
more than ten years. patient application,
and was only completed after numerous
experiments. AS regards geographical de.
SSails, the map on the globe is carefully
1raWn and shows all the latest discoveries.
ne steamer routes, railway and telegraph
lines, the heights of mountains, and the
Gepths of the ocean are ell distinctly shown.
Ihe maker of the globe is q self. taught
mechanician and artist, who, during the
past thirty years, has adorned the mODas-
tery with numerous examples of his skill
and ingenuity.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
DIED :

RARRETT-At A'Gers, Friday September ID,
1877 at IT. NJ. Mrs. Bridget Gwin wife of Mich ael
Barrett nAiTe of Nouutbellew, County G sway Ire.
land, aged Reventv years. and resident of New Or
lesne for the pact tw weuty.eght years.
oBRIEN-On Fridev, September !. le71 at O'Clock
M. Anne oBrieu wife OF Joseph OBrien and sister
of John A. OBrien Gged Al years.
O'BRIEN-On Sunday, September 9. 1877, at I:30 p.
LoIerto aged years, yOungeet daughter of Joseph
and the late Anne OBrten.
SCHwARZ-on "Wednesday. September H. 1877, at
IL NJ, Anthony Schwarz. born at Boos Bavaria, and
a resident of New Orleans for the last 81 ye-rs.
GODFREY-On Monday September l5. 1877, al 80
~, johanna Lynch wife of John Godfrey. aged as
yesrs, q native of County Limerick. Iceland, and
resident of this city for tie last 2y years.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
MARBIED.

TAYLOR - TERRY-On Tuesday, September II,
1871. at the residence of the brides father Crysia
Springs, Mics by Rev. Joseph Ftrle, C.ss.R, Mr W.
h Taylor of Fort Worth, Texas, and Miss c. c. Terry
of CEystal Springs, Miss. No cards.
WALSH WALSH the Church of St. John
Evangelist, New York, by the Rev Father Callahan,
Monday, septembr3. 1877. P. Walsh of Natchez Mas.
to Miss Maggie Cecond daughter OF this late Dpctor
Charles Walsh. of Castewellan, Ireland
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
rURABLE DENTISTRY.

DIR. j. H. MALoNEY. corner Of Josephine and Camp
streets AsgaEiL Market respectfully informs hia
patients and the public in general that he is performiD
all operations apperaining his profession in the uOst
scientiho manner. Artificial teeth inserted, with
without extracting the roots on new plan Old sets
Teeth extracted without pain by the of gas
ohloroform. Charges within tho reach Of all
iAIA Tvs
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
REQuIEh MASS

Solemn High Mass will be offered on Wednesday.
ep;ember ISh at 1880 o'clock A. in the Church OF
S. Peter and Paul Third District, for the repose of
the soul OF Mrs. CATHERINE CHENEY. Friends
and acquAintauces OF tie family respectfully in
vited TO attend
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
REQUIEM MAss :

There will be Solemn High Mass for the repose Of
the soul Of Mis- CATHERINE LOWE at st. Stephens
Church. Napoleon Avenue, Wednesday, Septem Der
49, at O'Clock. The friends OF the family respect
fully Invited to be present.
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16


to the people OF the South will enter upon ia Forty
seventh Scholastic year
OCTOBER 3, 1877.
With the old advantages Of Q sound Classical and
now offer to their patrons the additional Sdyan.
tages Of 6rstolass building entirely new, and m uch
arIan ngement and accommodation.
Tho Professors being members OF n Sooetv yhiah
IN s s to %
vantage long traditional experience The
and has for ts aim not only to Se Of
pupils with useful knowledge, but instil into
for duties they will have to dischars In
The Plan OF Instruction consists of three principal
msroa The Proparstoy a"ts oNS yesr Sna
to pTepsre the younger students for higher
TIE CLASSICAL Course lasts sIx years ~ and ON
braces all the branches of thorough Collegiate and
university Education At the end Of the sixth year
Greek and Latin languages and sufficient proh.
cheney in Mental and Natural philosophy, Chenis:ry
to the degree of a. B. bachelor of Arts).
The Degree of Master Of Arts "a. M Is awarded To
those who devote second to the study of PhoSo
ply and Science in the College, who have passed
years in a. the practice Of q learned Profession.
embraces al the branches usually taught in
Colleges The third year of this course Corresponds TO
the nth and sixth years Of the Classical course The
Students attend lectures in Natural Philosophy
Chemistry with the en- bers OF the Graduating CiAss
The age of admission is from nine to Gfteen ycar4
and to be admitted must previously know boT 10
read and write.
TERMS PER sEsgIoN MONTHS.
Entrance Fee, first year only IS ce
Board, Tuition and Washing, payable half early,
and in advance -------------- 800 Ge
Bed and Bedding. il 70
Circulars be obtained by addressing the
PRESIDENT OF SPRING HILL COLLEGE,,
THE JESUIT fr"T FATasika aTfnsi "A
Corner Baronne and Common streets, New Orleans
Z. POURSINE, College gent,
sel6 6i71y tib Gravier street. New Orleans
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16

Ordinary Notices Of Marriages and Deaths -Ou hereafter
be inserted for fifty cents Obituaries l0ia be charged
at the rate of ten cents q Iine
The morning star and Catholic messenger., 1877-09-16
A Pleasing Incident.

ut the headquarters of Company D, 1st c. @
| Regiment, one of those incidents which elevate
humanity and call forth all that is good, gen.
erous and noble in mems hearts. It was the
presentation of a sword to Captain Archibald
Mitchell. The weapon is a magnificent speci-
men of artistic workmanship. On the blade is
engraved:
Presented to
Capt. ARCHIBALD MITCHELL.
BY Company Com %lyy D, Eirst In. c; c. + Regiment. GIN!
As a token Of his ds.iRPuished ssrvie.s in the
restoration of Louisiana to self
government.
The pre- sentation address was delivered by
Lieutenant NJ. A. AlIeyn, who with grace and
feeling spoke as follows:
Captain Aitchell-It becomes my pleasing
duty in behalf of Company D to present you
this token of their appreciation of your dis
tinguished services during the dark days when
oppressed Lou uisiana borne down by corruption
and fraud, was struggling to free herself from
the hands of the usurper. In these times
which tried mems souls, your utmost euerRiea,
both with the pen and ~ord were devoted TO
the best interests of the State, and to your
untiring exertions in the workshop, in the
council and in the field, are to be attributed in
no small degree the success which has at
length attended our efforts. The members of
Company D shall ever treasure it as one of
their proudest boasts that they bad for their
Captain one 80 prominent in the late struggle
for local selfgovernment. We present. you this
sword with the full confidence that in your
hands it will fly from it's scabbard whenever
the rights of the people invaded or their
freedom threatened.
With evident surprise and great emotion
Captain Mitchell replied some that after this
manner:
Gentlemen, I most earnestly assure you that
this present was very unexpected on my part.
In fact, had not the remotest conception
of such an honor being conferred upon me at
your hands. And, moreover, have done
nothing deserving of it but my duty. To
yourselves more than to me is all credit due foc
whatever services have been rendered Louisi-
ana ON the 14th day of September, 1874, and on
the 95h day of January last. The compliment
paid me is therefore the more appreciated Gen
tlemen, thank you most kindly for this gem
erons gift. This is all that can flud to ssy in
this moment of surprise. Had any of my
friends informed me of this intended affair 1
should have prepared something that might
have been worthy of the occasion. In conclu-
sion let me again thank you and say that
should it be necessary in the defence of our
State and our rights to draw 1t, shall never
sheathe it until the day of deliverance shall
have arrived"
Captain Mitchell buckled on his beautiful
present, the company took up the line of march
to the rendezvous and ell was over,-sll bat
the recollection of the event which shall not
soon fade from the memory of participants and
spectators.