davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1877-09-20
HARVESTING POTATOES.


"A correspondent, wrtingo on this subject
to the RufnI Nc,o Torher says: "'Et*fs H'' 7
Experience convinces me that potatoes
NAV be harvested so soon as they are ripe,
and that they are then better for the table
tlia,lif left in the grounu for several weeks
after that time. t suppose, however, there
are objections to doing. this where large
quantities are grown. but where only al
small surplus beyond ehough for the home
supply is raised, L. believe that the most
economical way is to dig them when lipe.'
or as soon afterwards rs maybe convenient.
Sentensber. instead of OetoberOr November,l
is, the rao2e favorable time; aitd if thepota-
toes are, tluy in the morning and housed at
night Ihayc llal, 10 troubl from their not
keeping We'll through the winter, ii stored
in a cool. well ventilated cellar, i do not
put them iii large bulk, however, but in
bins not over three feet wide anddeelo Bur
rels aGe better still, could enough ofthem be
had and could they be stored conveniently.
ruAc best keeping and tablelsotatOes, when
the potato rot prevailed somertWenty-ilNe
wears since. We're. as reeolIett, Gag early
in September, spread omthe ground nndera
tobacrolshed.. and left there till about the
| FIRST QtOctober,. when they We're again so-t-
elI,and stored in bins in-tIe house ccllea,
where they kept, 1ineyn;t while those who
left tile crop in7the' ground tilit late, lost
| largely from,rot, both before and after dig
ging. sThis year. weilsaVealittle or no rot;
bat the potato bug hAssgone istt the ground
| toR,ndergoa tralstornFationl;ll le Will cat
| until fully mature. Now, by early digging
and working the groEnd deep, Awe inaNea,lse
the destrnetioni OF many, thus Decreasing the
I numberto multiply forthe next year crop.
In digging small areas.lI find that q good
potato o-Doplt lin the ha,fds OF all expert is q
4 pretty effective implenent. I lneyerrtount
any officially, Maere land WAS free from
i stone, in turning all theipotatons up SO THAI
! t!Ieygcould be easily fotfr( as fast as two
/ pretty snry boys could fgatherithem, assorta
/ ING them as they picked them. 'ao "A good
4 double-turhing plow wilftura tlleTnu up fast
4 er; b1at the gatheadng would be shower, and
thenit would beaneeessaays to blFrroWi the
4 GROUND afterwards iniordeEato find tlfem all
4 aOn the whole, / doubt it>there be- atbettel
r modestllan to use five or1six- oronged hool
! orat good digging-fork.9 When We~get ;
i potato-digger which viii Gig and gather th'
potatoes and separate tien4frotn stones etc
potato culture will be adivestcd Of its mos
lalJo.ietas part 5ii7 ~
.t, III ----. 3-4-- t#S, 'it
|, Ruta,ssgas should De planted this month
: if they LAKE not already been, and the.
!. should bspAanted apendantly, SO as to affor'
: winter feTesqp for the eoWsiaaa increase tn
ST. na;,.ss:apa.a. p..s sssssstft,s, sff tgd lemr w3
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1877-09-20
r,1,I. WEEKLY By 19us
! n. su1'HERLIN, ),
,,,tror AND PROPRIETOR tA'

..-,. MAINTAIN HusBASDMAN is designed
TIC oun m name in'.icates hu;tan,lma 20 ~ yery every
su,eoi tne ". W Apriclturc StockraleE-S, hortl-
a'p'r',''os"u os',,ial and Domestic Economy
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1877-09-20
4, TIE ARTILLERY. PLANT.

"A lady friend of ours has large specimen
of this cnrioHs'isl nt (which she has grown
since lastfaii3 3-iifflaerkitche window, ,sand it,
other Wintlo winmates. nEtkept' constantly
green and growing, and, s'sslnlight inci'eas-
ed. its mantle of miniature imuskets thick
ened, till now"it represents d model utabr:s,-
geous tree, with boughs SO succulent and
heavy That q rough shake or breath. would
seem to shatter thenq. Associated WISH OK
alises, ,inahes4la verticilIata, pettn,as, and "A
few others. it made january looX like May.
A great addition to this kitchen window in
mid-winter was the festooncd 'draperyA Of
the Madeira yine.-0 -0fa,s9t,ae,'s C1saonicle. NJ
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1877-09-20

Rutaissgas should De planted this month,
if they LAKE not already been, and they
should besvsantetl apandantly, SO as to afford
winter fevssp for the, eowstaaa Increase the
na;,:ss:apa.s. fSasssstqsss, , af tUd .emr w'] f
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1877-09-20
ADVERTISING RATES

advertisement pavuulc in advance. "
',', 'FauIn advertisements payable Iual terlN. Id
a @nyve per cent. added for spcc-;l advertise
National Republican., 1877-07-28
Railroads.

appears that the average rates on the New
psr mile in isss to los cents per ton per mile in
Vania railroad fell from io cents in 1865 70 50 Of
fTie railway fell from Iva cents in 1865 to i.O7
sents In 1876, . fall Of n per cent
rssSsS ehsss SH Psr %e Se
actual cost Of doing the work in ls7l The receipts
per ton on the Lake shore and Michigan Southern
ls7a The same thing is true Of all the railroads
N the country. II their expenses during the year
na been TO woS but ee
Sy ecndpe'Ins their freight traffic at the rates at
The srersge p ,S of the rate. nm nh m, roaa, man.
uoned In the table fell from 2ls cents per ton per
mile in 1858 10 .92 Of q cent per ton per mile in
1s6. The latter rate being but i2 per cent. Of the
This decrease has not resulted from voluntary
concessions BY the great trunk lines over which
Of shs eonny ss O e beyond Ser
control, and Against which they have striven ear
nestly but In vain. Another most significant fact
New York nom Is cents per 100 pounds in is65 to
y cents per 100 pounds during part OF the year
17e, tho rates during the latter year being little
more than one third OF those which prevailed but
These facts carry with them their own argument.
competition, aud they have been Of incslculsble
advantage 70 the commercial and the agricultural
Attention Is called 10 the fAet that the foregoing
hble illustrates the average reduction Of rates on
both through" and "loca traffc, the local uafiic
u all the roads being the chief source Of revenue
dhe reduction Of local rates has resulted mainly
nom competition between the various markets o.
the country aresult In conformity with the genera
fednction of prices during the last four years.
These facts are quoted from rspor
which exposes the blunders and wrong
committed by railroad managers, and which
sharply criticises railroad managementin tn,
United States.
1t is no wonder In the light Of these fact
that railroad securities have shrunken t.
half their value but five years ago, that rail
road after railroad has fallen into bank
Tuptcy, and that retrenehment has been th'
order Of the day.
National Republican., 1877-07-28

much exposed, to another at No. Via delle
Yete, with windows looking upon the Via del
Gambaro then an unfrcquentcd street, and
having high blank convent wall on the oppc-
site side. At the same time the sigaorh,a went
secretly to the midwife's house, whore suite
Of rooms had been handsomely furnished, and
there the Cardinal with the greatest caution
visited her to ascertain for himself II every
thing had been properly prepared for her, in
sisting even on tasting her food. The mid
wife, Ann Gervase, Is stated TO be prepared to
deposc to conversations which passed between
the young lady aud the Cardinal; the tears she
shed for fear Of dying during her confinement,
the kisses with which he consoled her, and the
terror she manifested lest her connection with
the cardinal should be discovered-"it would
drive her crazy" that to the Cardinal and the
doctor she spoke In French, but 10 her dane dc
cop,pdgaie she spoke q language the midwife
did not understand, but which she believed to
be English.
On the night Of the Goth Of October, 1855,
the hour approached; notice was given to hnto-
nietta everything necessary to make II appear
that she had given birth to y child was con.
veyed secretly into her house, and here the in
terrogations seek minute particulars unfit for
publication. On the 21st the girl was born,
and late at night Auna Gcrvase carried It to
Antonietta's, who, apprised by signal, came
down herself and received IL. The midwife Is
expected 10 swear thht tne pAinun, tho wiz
Of Count Lambertini, was that child. Five
days later she was taken by the midwife to
the neighboring Church Of Santa Maria in Wis,
and by the express orders Of the Cardinal the
names Of Loretta Domenica Vittoria, those OF
his father. mother and sister, were given to
her. While the child was an infant. - plain
tiffs lawyers state In these interrogations, that
they can prove that tho Cardinal won't to An
tonietta's house to SEQ 1t carcssed 1t with
great tenderness, and bid the wet nurse, Pom
tesilla, to be diligent In the care Of his child.
When she was . year old she was taken
heard Of IL went to 500 her, and, In accordance
hung round her neck, on one side Of which the
were engraved, together with the Inscription,
"Jacopo Antoneilio, s. r. I. b. c. A. Publ Ne
got, Phi. TX, p. NJ" Whenever the Cardinal
found her without Il he was very angry. Later
he had gold medallion made for her, also to
wear suspended from her neck, bearing on one
side bust Of himself In his Cardinals robes,
and on the other q portrait Of his daughter
working at a small embroidery frame. Con.
cealed beneath his yestmcnts he always carried
small violet silk bag containing her minia-
ture.
The evidence offered regarding her history
from chi Jhood until she was married, the pro.
vision made for her ut that time by the Cardi'
nal to the moment when the Cardinals con
fcssor the Padre Marco Rossi, Of the Society ol
Jesus, was to have taken his last dispositions
regarding her, ut o'clock on the morning Of
tho 9Th Of November, but was prevented by
the Cardinals death at Z, will be given here
| after
National Republican., 1877-07-28
THE NEW YORK CUsToM-HOUsE.

The second report of the commission on
the New York custom-house contains many
evidences that very satisfactory amount
Of progress has been made in the theory of
civil service reform. We find, for example,
that it rs now considered that the compen-
sation for public services should be proper
toned to the responsibility and character Of
the work done by the different officers. In
quiries are instituted to ascertain whether
Che salaries and perquisites heretofore re-
osived by certain officials have not been too
large and in advance Of the amounts paid
by merchants for similar services. A re-
classification Of the subordinate officers and
. reduction in their number is also recon-
nended.
The spirit Of the entire report contem-
plates placing the Government service upon
. strictly business basis in order that it may
be "a faithfully and honestly served as the
most watchful and prudent merchant.
While the report looks forward to such an
Improved condition of things in the future,
ID contains some statements as to the past
management Of the Office which are rem
dered more shocking by contrast with the
purer standard which is set up for the fu-
ture. For example, II is gravely stated that
the receipt Of Illegal perquisites win no
longer be permitted. We regret to find in
the report no recommendation that oil the
ofiicers who extorted such perquisites should
be compelled to disgorge them and then be
dismissed from Office. Nor is the collector
Tcprobated who for years saw such extor-
tortions practiced and yet made DO effort to
stop them, although he had taken solemn
oath 10 faithfully and honestly perform the
duties of that Office. With such record, is
II strsnge that the public should deeply
distrust the professions of reform made by
Mr. ARTHuRf
The commission had for their guidance
pssh clear and explicit instructions from
me President that they could not but bring
10 hight many serious errors in the manage
henf Of tho New York custom-bouse. The
President In HE letter Of May 26 said
: u my wish that the collection Of the revenues
National Republican., 1877-07-28
ARBITRATION.

As soon rs the present disorders are sup
pressed and business Is resumed, 1t will
be very proper for the American people to
set their wits to work to devise some plan
for preventing the recurrence of such calam-
tiles in the future. We have no doubt
but that by the institution of tribunals
for the arbitration of differences between
workingmen aud their employers all dam
gerous difficulties might be avoided In fii-
ture We hope, therefore, that as soon as
sufficient calmncss is restored laborers and
capitalists will reason together and endeavor
to contrive some means Of preventing the
recurrence of such suicidal conflicts as those
which have lately inflicted such severe losses
upon both parties. When honest differ
ences arise between men 1t Is always best to
make efforts to arrange them peaceably.
When such efforts are made in good faith
they are almost universally successful.
Recent experience has shown that it is
very important that some such measures
should be adopted to protect the honest
laborers from the consequences Of the crimes
committed in their name by Communists,
tramps, and other desperate characters. ii
the worthy employees could always be
brought face TO iitcc with their employers
aud the matters Of difference calmly and
dispassonately discussed between them,
there would seldom be any trouble in agree
ing upon terms mutually satisfactory
Charity and iorbearance would cure all the
troubles arising out of the labor question
without any complicated system Of legisla-
ton.
National Republican., 1877-07-28
SOME OF THE FACTS IN THE CASE

Whit,the main duty of the hour Is the
adoption of effective measures for crushing
out q communistic rebellion, the public
naturally seek information as TO the magni-
tude of the issues involved, and in regard
10 those circumstances surrounding the
railroads which led to the recent reduction
of rates Such information Is presented in
the recently published report on the in
ternal commerce Of the United states by
Mr.. JOSEPH NI,IMo, jr, chief Of the di-
vision OF Internal Commerce in the Treas
ury Department
The following facts are stated in regard
10 the magnitude of the commerce on the
railroads Of the country:
Fifty years ago the ocean. the lakes and nAyiga,
ble rivers constituted the principal avenues of
commerce among the States; but during the last
twenty Ave years railroads have revontiuhized all
the modes OF internal commerce and changed the
direction OF It's movements. To-day the railroads
the country are The most mporsn' sS sysnSes o.
three per cent Of all the grain receipts OF the At
l.ntic sea ports was by rail, and u Is estimated
Tween the wesi and tho seaboard IA carried ON
over the great trunk railroads.
~ssp eomm nav Be- inferred i from he follow.
ing comparative statements:
lAtimated value OF shipping tAmerican
and foregn) employed in our for .,oo ~, o.,o
rtimnted value Of the railroads Of The
United States. f6Oocco"o
The value Of the commodities embraced IN our
Foreign commerce and the estimated value OF COM
nodltieS transported on railroads arc as follows:
Value OF imports and exports foreign
commerce. siiiziieSiz'f
Etimated value OF commodities trans
ported on rail internal commerce).. 1s,0oo,0o0o0o
Il appears from these estimates that the value Of
the railroads Of the country Is about ireniytbts
tmes tie rdiue o( The shipping h. our foreign trade and
that the value Of our Internal commerce on rail-
roads is about srisea tines ne rcue o our foreign COM
NtrS 's' ...
These facts clearly show that the STRIKERS"
struck blow at the commercial life OF the
nation.
In regard TO the reduction of rates charged
by the railroad companies, the real cause OF
the reduction of wages, we extract the fol-
lowing
The practical results Of competition between
railroads and between trade forces are before us,
and we may leain the effects OF these forces upon
the adjustment Of freight tarifs. The following
table presents the average charges per ton per mile
during the last eight years on several important
trunk lines of the United States largely engaged In
transportation between the west and the scaboard:
ssaiepsl J,oTing nc gradual redUciioa IN yreighi
eharoes per ton pr mile erIdi railroads engaged
fa commerce bfuecn ue Wtsicrl. !Sd,s aud he At
iaatic sedbodrd nom 1850 1915, Inclusive.
National Republican., 1877-07-28
DIED.

sis JssS 9ss sps Mary pSS.sy 81 sIa .aasss sss
Rehmond Va mn q 3a in he foIy sfih S year u
tS.i#9r' Ne" rs.. .... sss ss,, So francisco p.p..
Hs3oKs M sfTdfXy 4 The the .',h q Js,y ~. 4. In.
hate Of Philadelphia, In the sItyeishth year of her
Funeral from the resisenes of hsrssa, n r. Broes,,
No y Fourth street. northeast, On ssSAsy, ths 10Th
cAToN. .lSn the .ste q yuiy. ,isu. at ion . H.,
The r.,atiss. and fIsnd. - IsYeamIy inviisd to
y: s$ S.:s: sss x Il =: .G:s ;ss !:
CAsTELI.-on July 18th, ln, JoHs 4. cAsrxLI.
in the ssysn,ysscoua year CHS ass. ~
.funerh wli take place Sunday afternoon, at 4
soathssst Iiissd. and ssisiSss rspscsfSiy inSissa
cuILiNAsE-o Friday, yary n, ISL, At 80 |.
iovea vile of T Psiricr cssne sss sasd cssy, sns Se
years. She was a native o. Haow, County bori.
Fsssd ri as re Isss SeA fs'asn
as 5Ss, r M ss Pie. nom ssr ,.,s Isasnce
Reeaiss Msss viii Be- esstslsa The Hisnas 'sf y shs
family are respectfully invAsd 10 attend. Rauisssai
FURsE-.At o'clock m. on the asth Of July, is77
year OF his sss, native Of Paisnlon, Dsvons6iIs,
The funeral win take place On sunday, at o'clock
vest nsla'iSes and friends are rsspeeiivsy invited
NAN Whsa' II he fysisSia YEA YEAR II fSs s,r sss Nc
fssf fas fsssss & saa q SIC y ar.
fily invited TO attend hsr funeral from tLe resldencs
e &.s: Sss s Iss sssss ss iadsS % sS h q,
at O'Clock. . ,...r -.
National Republican., 1877-07-28
Commerce.


t2Ac. ss'
fIour, quiet, steady and unchanged Wheat active
and ensier Southern red prime, ti6SaDl57 do amber
Nhsgi.eG DO. white, N.S0sisS Pennsylvania red,
N5Sgl:S No. 2western winter red July delivery,
glG do. August, Ntz,{; DO. September Si io
GoIn-Southern strong. Western irregular and unset
ued; offerings light; Southern white, Nc; do, yellow
Sc; Western mixed, spot and July Gtissc; Angus
and September, 62Ac; steamer held al 61c Oats quet
and trmer; Southern prime, new &c; Western white
SOC Rye quiet at ed5ssc Hay duh and anchsnssd
Provisions unchanged Butter unchanged. Petroleum
nominai Sodee nominaIly steady. WHISKY scarcS
Rsceip!sIFlour, go barrels; wheat. 400 bu.hel.
corn. lo0 bushels. all Southern; oats 1000 bushels
corn. u 800 bushels
NEW YoRn. July ed-Cotton strong; uplands I2,,c
orieans. i2Sc. SALES Of i3,5 bales Receipts M
l,sa ssies, 10. ii. stecS, oi7s' oi''-e'e' srh.in
lower closing dull and heayy No y asexis super
Sassa a I, So e lssS Is gSod 70 soics 1o- %
tasey Dc, ssso@s7s common 70 rood extra ohio ;eS
heavy n and nns'nanyed s Rye as.r anshsnssd Sorn
dull and decidediy lower closing heavy. Rye lowe
for wes'ern; state nominaiiy unchanged Nos West
National Republican., 1877-07-28
Mr.. T. J. DURANT RIGHT AS USUAL
He Coucurs with the Views Of the Republican
In Regard to tho Labor Troubles-An Inter
esting Letter from the Great Financier and
Pulliclst
WASHINGTON. d, c.,

WASHINGTON, ID. C., July "a.
EDITOR REPUBLICAN,: Your article on
The REPUBLICAN, Of 26th of this month, was
received with great satisfaction by your nu-
merous readers.
The wise suggestions you make that Con-
gress should come to the aid of the disorgan-
lied laber Of the country by employing i upon
great national works. such as the South
ern Pacific railroad, the embankments Of the
Mississippi from Cairo to the delta, and other
such works Of the kind which great govern
ment alone should undertake show that you
have profoundly considered the causes Of ex-
isting evils and are equal to the task Of afford
ing prompt and appropriate remedies. Indeed
the most eminent minds Of the country have
been brought by their meditations to the same
conclusions you have reached.
Among others very eminent and scientific
writer, Mr.. David A. Wells In the July-Au-
gust number Of the North American Reriep, at
page 100, speaking to this point, says Either
new wants have got to be found or created, for
the supplying Of which larger field for the
employment Of labor will be afforded than now
exists, or else the emigration Of labor from the
country, and the formation Of o permanent
pauper class among us will Begin" and he con-
tinues on page, 13l: How TO create these new
wants, how to find q new avenue for trade or
enlarge those already existing, and how there
by to find or develop new employments for the
masses are therefore the most important ques-
tions Of the hour that can occupy the attention
Of the statesman, the Legislator, and the mer-
chant; those whose business it is to educate
through the school or press; those whose mis-
sion it is 10 teach morality and religion"
Mr. Wells wrote before the strike, but doubt
less forcsaw as who has not foresaw that the
American laborer will not sink into the de-
grading slavery of paupcrism without n
struggle.
1t has been objected to the views you have
so ably sustained in your article of the 2Bth
that such works of internal improvement as
you suggest would be impracticable, as the
United States could not, with its already i'm
mense debt, obtain the capital TO carry them
on. The objection, though to some 1t may
seem plausibla, of no force. The railroads
proposed would be nothing more than the re-
suits Of labor, and labor Is only performed that
its products may be exchanged for the pro-
ducts Of labor, and hence, ss the labor ID
abundant, the only requisite IL medium "a
effect the exchanges, and the United States
can ISSUE as tho work progresses, for the labor
and material required, and guard against all
danger Of excessive issue by making the
medium receivable for the earnings of tn,
road when put In operation, and destroying, i
necessary, 10 much Of 1t monthly as may no
bo required for the current expenses Of tn
| road. THOMAS ]. DURAHr.
National Republican., 1877-07-28

iied on stricly business basis, with the same
guarantees for efficiency and fidelity In the seiec.
ton Of the chief And subordinate omeers 'na'
would be required By prudent merchant
II would be difficult TO conceive Of how
o more thorough revolution could be made
in any human Institution than the complete
enforcement of the instructions contained
in this letter would effect in the New YORK
custom-house. II would replace the SUD-
ordinates who had been appointed for mere
political reasons by men competent for the
special work assigned them, by men well
known for their industry, integrity ana
good habits. In short, the New YORK
custom house, which during the last four
years, under Collector ARTHUR, was one OF
the worst managed institutions in the
country, would If administered in accord
ance with the spirit of the Presidents letter
above quoted, become "the best managed
business agency of the Government" as II
is already the most important
All that the President has ever said upon
the subject of civil service reform has been
characterized by sound common sense, HIS
letter of acceptance, his inaugural Address
and all his uttennces upon this subject
sincs he became President are characterized
by the fundamental principle that fitness
and integrity are indispensable prerequisites
in all appointments, that party services give
no claims for political rewards, and that
party allegiance should not be required.
The theory of civil service reform has been
10 admirably and clearly stated by the
President that IL has taken o deep hold
upon the popular mind, and the people viii
heartily sustain him in carrying 1t into
effect, however much IL may affect the in
terests of men whose claims TO Office have
no better foundation than political services.