, 1877-05-21


aomo twenty year.. when, with the prosfcra Of IN.
atrnetton, greater uniformity VI opinion shall arise,
h e. assenses
changed.
TURKISH QUADRILATERAL.
nrs7cuuk, aiL1sTRtA, vARyA, AND anuMLA-
THEIR roHrlFicATIoNs.
Stte ftrs Tribune.
OK tho Turkish quadttlateral, tho angles arc
Ruetchus and SEliatra on the Danube. Earna on
tho l}ack aca, and the Inland fortress Of Biumta.
These aru tho four principal stronKhotds Of tho
Tutka between tho Danube and tho passes In tho
Balkan rnngc. II still semaina an open question
where the Rusrans will attempt to cross tho Dan.
ubc. The point where thelr force WAS arst coucan-
tsated wss Gafatz. at tho northern bend OF tho
Danube. II they cross here they wilt havc 10
march through tho ulasshcs Of the DobTud, hwhere,
during the war Of 1s57.'4. the Turks cooped up the
Russian forces for severat months. Fer q week
paat tho tiusshus have been concentrating 1t Buch-
aren't and uisgcvo, and tbs latest ad~ices indicate
that passage will bo made between Olfenitxa and
GIu.goso. Or possibly between the latter point
and Elkopo!is. When tho campaign opened,
there wero :n1any Who thought that the Russians
would cross tho Danube still further west. In tho
vicinity Of Cheruetz, and. BY making dctour
through eeeria, descend upon Adrtanop1e, thus
avodnR the passage Of the mountains in tbs vttin.
ity Of shumia OF vssna, and turning tho Turkish
lines Of defense on the river and in tho Dalkans,
This nank movement might bring tho Auatr,ant tn-
to sczv,a and, At all events, would lnYolvo long
ms:e between oiarYc1o uad Nitopelis. swo fcads i
seas GSfn s. 70 s q Sase I sow
ever. thht the nu.%!sns after crossing would march
t; theif Ss 10 oant
aims. The auadziAtcra' then wifi probably be tho
ssens q Sat.s wth!n soS,. fins I'D a.
fore bc of permanent Interest.
4: tie traveller sppsoacaes 4 from tho inseE!or,
anca With il white chimney. mo.ques and nina.
!rts rising from forest Of fruit trees: beyond
lles The Danube: two miles Wide. With i.lands and
town h.s . gopul..lsn of sboa! s9, goo and an *.
!aa!so, corn md wins ii. tho % moss lmposs.nt n sa
pnauSc. II contains ntna mosques aud several
bati'. and il tho seat Of Greek &rehsi;hop.. It
has been the sesne ot several engagsments between
s:s sna 1ssy ds1S the II s
evaeastien, tu Isle, ~ iiu,s'ans burned
Tho Town Of Ginrseso. on tho otllsr lids Of tho
psnnes: was contracted @ :: fortified bridge head.
T. issD tho Treaty "f Adstsnops somps!led he
were rcbuilt again in 1RSs. It tho opening Of tba
nanab!aa campaign. Thy Russians shcn occupied
he
passing tn which both armies attempted to make
passage until At last the Turks snadt foato!d on
one Of tho ,:l.nd. and sysntu.,'y captured g!a5.
vas ths ia.t serious open. lid conact u thi. rsn
paign. The fortiaesslons Ct ,he town ha:e been
tempt b. tho hussI.ns now to s. ssoss The ilser
RI r! Of IL ~ LsSiaa 4; &fT'' *ho es::*d ds%s
fos ri. S.nes .hrcs ,,es sf:fs .ona ~ e.
margin of the stream--from sat aboys TIC town TO
With eatthwosk batteries. some looking dus serosa
io~n:stie.m. 70 thst ths e.nnon moansed bshiad
can sweep wlta front and denling afe tie xhols
broad ho.on, ot The nanubs 20 .hsfosshiy th4.
es t9 ;9 s5s
only loca!!ty that H. thus protected. Behind Tho
low h'ua along che bank ~ nnau!atlne plateau.
upon IL surface on each Of these knolls il an In.
x sa ' M as :ss9
"a gtutt !nttsncned camp. with IN elabotate earth,
work rrdoubt on each Hank aud smother in tho ceu.
lines. ali ot which ''.ts sriiemsiy formid.bls."
Tho troops Around Huslchuk numbered about
@ ~ btss fbss IL ss
whert.
which has been prominent in ths war. Of the past
hsndscd hs S year: + has population q about
~, UQW: h4e ecTefzl nps4aess lAsxe Ertek church
and convent caisacloux barracks and public baths.
The chief trndo ID In wool And cattle. II Ii very
.nesnt city. and In tha vicinity arc ths remains OF
foEt!featona which were erected during tho HyzAn-
t!no Empire. In j7l the Emperor routsd the Illus.
slams under Sviatoslav. In ira II was agatn b.
steged BY tho ltnasaps, snd stii agsln Ia l77u,
when shey suffered severe ,losses. in lalo
bnt one In history. Ia 1898 .nother
RussIAns u last fetlr,nz. In 1910, however, ,s
WAS reduced, aud held ~ pledge for tho payment
Of an Indemnity BY tho porta. When new troubles
with lasala weFc Appasent tn 1Kt0-'do. tho forti-
htaslona were greatly strengthened by the addition
Of twelve detached fofts, uf which tho enc on the
bill commanding tho towa ID said 10 bc ons Of tho
best m !lltAry wurks OF tho Tina. In April, lB54,
1t MA lnseslsd By M army of 80 coo lsnssIans,
which was Afterwsrd Increased to 10. 0Ou, aud
s.eRe begun which continued until near thu lst Of
July. 4 eoaab.ri.nsnt was kept .up fur three
weeks. midnight attacks xarc made. ~. 600 men
attempted TO "a! tho town. but all without suc-
cess. Tha fpsaiAns retired aud tetfeAtcd acroAs
the river. II IL recorded lhAs 50, 000 shot aud
shclt NeEs thrown upon the town. while tho kus-
slams lost II. o01 men aud had ", ou0 laid up In
hospilkts.
varpa lies On the northern s!do Of sa,Ail bay Of
tbs Hack Ses, h4s good anchorage for sh{tjs Of
sms1l burden. II tho teru,luas Of railroad, and,
like Rastchuk and Bifstda. hAa been I frequent
sceue Of w4rllko operations. Tho Sea .!3e e do
Tended by three powerful batteries, and, a. ahtps
nj n ~ eOnfI nnt hhsfnaEh nearer thnn fnr