The Portland daily press., 1877-08-08
THE PRESS.
FARM AND HOUEHOLD.
Budding.

:, The process of budding is very similar to
tnat OF grating. But in budding, only the
pud with the bark around it is taken and in
serted beneath the bark around is taken and
inserted beneath the bark of the stock; the
union OF the two banks being the means
Whereby the growth of the added bud is Sc
cured. Budding, however, is different from
grating, inasmuch as in the latter we take
buds of the previous years growth to operate
with while in the former we take the same
years buds and insert them into stocks.
These inserted buds do not grow the same
season, but remain dormant during the next
Winter and then start into growth. There
fore, budding is done in the late Summer or
early Fall.
The materials to work with are proper
stocks, buds, budding-knife, and material
for fastening the buds until they have united
with the stock.
The stocks are usually small seedlings of
the present or the past seasons growth. They
thould be in thrifty growing condition
from quarter of an inch to an inch thick,
and the bark must separate easily from the
wood.
The buds are formed in the axis of the
leaves upon twigs that have grown the
present season. The twigs are cut off from
the trees and the leaves from the twigs,
leaving the stalks about half an inch long.
tor the bud in the after operation, The
twigs with the buds may be kept for some
time in a cool damp place. Buried in the
soil In shady place or in damp sand In a
cellar they will keep safely until needed for
use or the stock is ready. The knife is
usually prepared specially for the purpose,
and has a round-pointed blade and thin,
smooth projecting end to the handle, by
which the bark when cut can be separated
from the who'd of tho ctOnR Tho h1ada
should be sharp. Any sort OF knife may be
used by an expert at the business, but others
will find proper budding-knife very useful
to have.
The material for trying is best made of
strips of fine cotton cloth about half an inch
wide and saturated with melted grating
wax, or mixture OF bees-wax and linseed-
oil, melted in such proportions as to make
soft plastic mass. The strips may be rolled
into a ball, and will then be in very con-
venient shape for use.
The operation of budding is performed as
follows: The leaves are stripped from the
lower part of the stock or young tree to be
budded. The bark of the stock is then cut
through in an upright direction down to the
wood with the sharp point of the knife, and
cross cut is made at the top of the first cnt
so that the cut has the shape of a 7, with
the downward cut four times as long as the
from the twig selected. This should be
from tree of some known desirable variety,
purposely chosen. The bud is cut carefully
by inserting the knife half an inch above it
and cutting downward little into the wood
at the centre and coming out half an inch
below it, taking off piece of an oval shape
with the bud in the centre. Care must be
taken that the eye of the bud which is on the
the under side of the bark is not cut through,
Qlgo fhQ hI1d will ho xUOrfh1occ ho Of
bark with the bud is then immediately
placed beneath the cut bark of the stock,
which Is carefully separated from the wood
with the fiat end OF the handle mentioned,
or with smooth, narrow blade of hard
wood, and the top of the first piece of bark is
cut off square to match the square upper cut
in the bark of the stock. This junction
should be perfectly made. The bud is now
fastened by winding a few turns of the
waxed strips Tor substitutes for it in the
shape of bass-wood bark, soft cotton Irvine,
&C., around the cut and the inserted piece of
bark without covering the bud, and tying the
ends firmly, but leaving the bud exposed.
The proper time for budding is when the
stocks and buds are in proper condition. This
varies with the season, from July to Septem-
Der, August being usually selected for the
work. Plums are budded the earliest, and
pears follow, except when ounce stocks are
used, then they come later; peaches and
cherries are budded after pears; the periods
being chosen so as to give time for the per-
feet union between the stock aud the bud to
be formed before winter sets in, and not so
soon as to permit the bud to start into growth
the same season.
If the bud takes it will be known by its
remaining plump and fresh; an interval of
10 to IA days is required for union to take
place. The leaf stalk then falls off. If the
bud shrivels, the bark dries, and the leaf
stalk also dries and remains attached to the
bark, the budding has failed. If the opera
ton succeeds the wrappers may be removed
when the growth of the stock is vigorous the
wrapper needs to be loosened to prevent
choking of the bud. The next spring the
stalk is cut away above the bud, and the
whole growth turned into it.-Cor. N. Y.
Times.