The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-06-10
Polish and Cossack Exilcs in Turkey.

ter OF n century among Polish and Cossack
refugees. A glance ut some OF tho achieve
mcnts Of these auxiliarics will disclose an
element not to I've overlooked In an estimate
of Turkish military strength.
The history Of those Cossack levics which
on more than one occasion have upheld the
cause of the Sultan against their brethren
serving under the Russian flag, Is inter-
woven with the biography OF a remarkable
man, MICHAEL CzAyKowsKI, still living, but
better known in Turkey under the name Of
SADYK Pasha. Obliged to fly from Poland
after the abortivc nsurrcction OF 1891, In
which he had taken part as n Lieutenant in
the regiment of volhynian Cossacks, CAY
KowsKI came TO Paris and gained an honor
able place in literature, applying himself,
however, with especial ardor to the Polish
propaganda. Sent to Constantinoplc in ls4l
rs the representative of his fellow patriots,
he soon developed surprising talents for
statcsmanship and organization, and ac-
qulrcd great influence with RIA Pasha,
the War Minister, and other counscllors Of
hDUL MFDJID who were honestly attempt
ing TO reform the ottoman regime. Their
plans, which unlucldly were in the end frus-
tratcd by ABDUL Azfz were wisely con-
ccivcd and strenuOusly furthcrcd, and some
of their most crcdi,Able features were sug-
gcsted by the Polish agent. There is
scarcely any doubt, indeed. that If CRAY
kOwsEis project of consolidating all the
southern SlHvs in one community under the
protection of the Sultan had been carried
out by subsequent Ministers, neither the
Bosnian instruction nor the Bulgarian
massacre would have occurred, and the
Porto would now possess powerful cavalry
Of Slav volunteers, who might prevent its
armies from being outilankcd and sur
rounded as they now seem likely to be, in
Asia Minor.
This scheme. which was we'll adjusted to
the difficult conditions Of Ottoman rule in
Europe, was abandoned by ABDUL AzIz for
n ccutiallzing policy, whose Unforeseen but
| logical consequence, could the empire hold
| together long enough, would be the absOrp-
ton Of the Moslem minority in the larger
| body Of Christian subjects. The same meas
ure, too, which fortified the Porte would
havo encouraged CZAYKowsKI's country
men, and with the hope of creating "a
strong SlavOnic nucleus. outside Of and
counter to Russia the last chance OF Polish
resurrection seemed to vanish. After the
| Hungarian revolution Of lsis, in which he
served with the Polish Legion, CzAyKowsKI,
hunted 10y Car NICHOLAS and stripped OF
French pr lection, became an ottoman sub
jcct, and having received from the Sultan
municcnt appointments and the title Of
pasha, he began To promote Polish colo
nizaton, and 10 incorporate Cossack as well
as Polish refugees in the Turkish army.
lie found means to acquire peculiar influ-
In L.. ,.f D., IN. Ia.
and the so-callod Nekras,a Cossacks OF An
atoia, who are perhaps, the best mounted
soldiers In Europe, and who, belonging to
the sect Of Old Believers, have for upward
OF century regarded the Car as Anti
christ, and therefore cmigratcd from the
banks Of the Don and the Kouban into
Turkish territory
The town inhabited by these rcdoubtable
schlslnatics, and known as the Thousand
Houses, is one Of the most interesting in
AnatoAa. You come upon 1t after n four
hours march eastward from the Sea of
Marmora, and some miles in front Of its
wall you encounter high platform occu-
pied by three sentincls. In time OF peace rs
we'll az war, and at all hours of the day or
night you find one OF these watchmcn
standing motionless, questioning with his
| eye every point Of the horizon. All are
armed for action. and wear the sombre
uniform Of the Don Cossacks. while Mt the
foot Of the platform are stationed three
black chargers OF the famous breed of
Tchoukour Oya. No strap or cord confines
them. They are mounting GUARD like their
masters. and seem To be equally conyorsant
with the rules of military disciplinc. II
was thus that the ancestors Of these troon-
ors kent watch on the steppes Of holy Rus
STA, and the descendants are faithful t. their
traditions of vipilonco AS well "a IN those
Of fortitude and hardihood Not loss than
uinctv-nine nrmans OF Acknowledgement
attest the gratitude Of Sultan or Vilinr far
the services Of those worlke exilcs
II would not be easy Ia find better mate-
rial for cavalry than this and ocoordin,,',
1T tho o,tl,r.ak ~ tho Crimoo, ,,.o.
T.. ia 400. ,,i,o,, e., ,...,,,,ta ,ho o.
No., c,''.,,,.. nh din"n,',l =. ,..,.,...'.'
,''.,,',,.,. - ,~,.''t.'.,, rri.o nrs. -
,i,, ,,,,.lo, s'r,.'r1 ., ,,a
vorno and rondnroI anch or,c,,ro so,.,.,'...