davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
Artificial Butter.

II we have to eat artificial butter II is
gratifying to know that it can now be
made equal in flavor, texture and odor to
the best butter made from cream. There
are several manufactures in New York
and Brooklyn which turn out many tons
Of this product weekly, and well known
chemist of this city recently declared
that, while he had no doubt that more
than half the butter consumed in New
FORK was artifically made, he conscien-
tiously believed that it was quite rs good
as butter made in the dairy, and often
,much better. The imitation is made of
ssuet, which after being thoroughly
nsfed, is reduced to oil at n low tempera-
70; to each one hundred pounds Of oil
twenty pounds of sour milk are added
and the two substances are churned, half
an ounce of bicarbonate of soda and two
or three tablespoonfuls of solution of
annotto being thrown into the mixture.
The product of this churning is allowed
to como in contact with ice, and is again
churned with more sour milk. After
fifteen minutes, agitation the solidified
oil takes up certain percentage of the
milk, as well as its flavor and odor,
and the butter is ready for the market.
An analytical chemist of this city, who
has prepared and published pamphlet
on the manufacture of artificial butter,
furnishes number of analyses, includ-
ing those of artificial and genuine butter.
OF the fats, including olein, palmitine,
stearine, butyrine, ETC., artificial butter
contains eighty-two per cent, cream
butter cighty-six per cent. The most
perceptible difference in the constituents
Of the two products is in the matter of salt,
of which artificial butter contains 5.225
per cent. and the genuine article 1.51
per cent. OF coloring matter there is a
trace in the artificially prepared COM
pound. The percentage of salt, it is
said, may be Augmented Or reduced to
suit the taste and requirements of the
public. 1t is claimed for the counter
felt butter that it does not become rancid
SO quickly as dairy butter, and that it
can be made much more cheaply. 1t is a
fact that more than nine -tenths of the
liquors sold here are artiicially made,
thanks to chemistry, which is now able
to reproduce the exact constituents of the
various kinds of ardent spirits. Let lis
hope that before long chemists will be
able to SO combine the requisite amounts
Of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxy-
gen as to give us artificial quinine and
the other alkaloids at prices considerably
less than they sell for at present.-Ne,o
York World.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
Not Happy Yet.

A correspondent of the London World
is responsible for the following: Close
upon the Patti scandal comes the news of
the unhappy matrimonial arrangements
of Nine. lima de Murska. This gifted
lady's husband, NJ. Stranhilla amused
himself during the honeymoon, accord
ing to Australian advices, by ruthlessly
slaughtering the two small terriers of
the songstress, her three canary birds, a
parrot, a monkey, and five cats of rare
breed, which she had acquired with diff
Guilty and was maintaining at untold ex-
pense. I have the more sympathy for
Nine. lima de Murska inasmuch as this
is the seventh time she has vainly essayed
to obtain a suitable partner for life.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
Sitting Around.

They were sitting around upon barrels and
chairs,
Discussing their own and their neighbours
affairs,
And the look of content that is seen on each
Seems to say ~ have found my appropriate
place."
Sitting around.
In bar-rooms and groceries calmly they sit
And serenely chew borrowed tobacco and spit,
While the stories they tell and the jokes that
they crack,
Show their hearts have grown hard and un-
doubtly black
While sitting around.
Tho I" sitter around is q man Of no means,
And his face wouldn't pass for nquart of white
beans,
Yet he somehow or other contrives to exist
And is frequently seen with drink in his fist
While sitting around.
The loungers they toll not nor yet do they spin,
Unless it be yarns while enjoying their gin.
They are people of leisure, yet often, It's true,
They allude to the work they're intending to do
While sitting around.
They've habit Of talking of other mems wives
As they whittle up sticks with their horn
handled knives
They're scaly old set, and wherever you go
You will find them in groups or strung out in q
row,
Sitting around
Detroit Free Press.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
Nearly Court Martialed.

1t is related of Mayor-elect Moore of
Cincinnati that during the war when he
was a colonel he was placed in command
of a detachment guarding a body of
one hundred prisoners, and one day one
of them, a great favorite, died, and his
body was sent to his family, who lived
only few miles distant, but inside the
enemies lines. On the morning of the
funeral Colonel Moore drew the prisoners
up in line and offered to take them all to
attend it, under no escort but himself,
provided they would pledge him. their
honor not to attempt to escape. They
all accepted the offer, and he marched
them into the lines, took part with them
in tue funeral exercises and returned at
night without the loss OF man. This
proceeding. though humane, was so con-
trary to the rules of war that he was
with court martial,
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
A GeOrgian's Visit.

Among the large crowd at the Executive
Mansion in Washington, eager to see the
President, was foot sore, homespun-
clad Georgian, who, upon the assertion
that he had walked an the way from
Georgia to see the President, was ad-
mitted to his presence without the usual
waiting. The Georgian informed the
President that he had no favor to ask in
the way of obtaining an office, but de-
sired to give him some information re-
gardilig affairs in Georgia. The oppor-
tunity was at hand, and the pedestrian
relatel several matters that he thought
should be attended to, of which the
President made a note with view to
their proper reference.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
Publishers Notice.

ORpIsAnY ADVERTISEMENTS taken at tho rate OF
81 per square one insertion and Twenty-Five cents
each subsequent insertion. One inch space Is
squire.
SPECIAL CosTRAors made with yearly advertisers
Oh application.
DEATH ASp MARRIAGE NOTICES inserted free.
OBITUARY NOTICES including poetry five cents
per line.
EDITORIAL NOTICES in reading columns ten cents
Fer line
Advert sers who have contracted fora years space
must pay transient rates in order to have their
advertisements discontinued before the expiration
OF the time.
Al orders for advertising from strange Advertis-
ing Firms must be accompanied with the cash In
oder to receive attention.
Advertisements. or changes for advertisements,
must be handed in rs early as Wednesday morning.
Al aIrearages must be paid by subscribers desir-
ing to discontinue this paper In case they are not
paid tho discontinuance will be optional with tho
publisher. The financial responsibility Of the party
duly considered.
LEGAL NOTICES inserted at statute rates.
All bills due the OPINION Office for advertising
must be paid quarterly, on the first days OF January
April, July and October.
Transient advertising must be invariably paid for
in advance.
All Job Work must be paid for on delivery.
Address all communications to
BEN. +. STANTON,
Publisher OPINION. Bradford. Vermont.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

1t is not strange that the bill for the
of duelling hangs fire in the
French Chamber of Deputies. There is
no pressure of public opinion behind it
A pious young gentleman, who was re-
Gently challenged to duel, called upon
his bishop and asked for advice.
"Ought 1 to fight or not ?'' "Come and
ask me after you have fought" replied
the venerable prelate.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

A sudden outbreak of typhoid fever
occurred in the town of Motherwell, in
England, short time ago, and within a
very small area twelve cases appeared
nearly simultaneously. Inquiries made
by the sanitary inspector showed that
woman suffering from fever was lying in
q back room in a milk dealers shop in
the street where the cases occurred, and
that nearly all the families affected had
got their milk from this shop.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
G. J.. BUTLER.

DARLoR, CHAMBER AND KITCHEN TURNI
/ ture, Collins, Caskets, Robes, Caps, Plates
Musical Instruments, etc. First door soAth oi
Trott IIousa Vain Street.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

nEALER IN ALL KINDS OF STATIONERY,
/ Legal Blanks, Blank Books, Sheet Music,
Muse Paper, Pictures and Picture Frames, School
Cards, Toy Baols, Sewing Mschinc Needles, Oils,
Attachments, etc. OPINION Stationery Store.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

MANUFACTURER OF DIR. DOrY'S CElf.
Nk b9.ted Mandrake Bitters Flavoring Extracts
ant, Essen ,es, cite at Wholesale and Retail.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

DHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST AND DEALER IN
L Stercoscopes and Views, Albums and Picture
Frames. Frames for Wreaths of all kinds fitted to
order. Nos. 10 and lG Hardys building.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

trees, and the leaf thereof shall be for
me1icine. ."-EzEkrEL, Attn Chap, 18th Verse.
Medical Wonder
Gives buoyancy the Spirits, elasticity to the STEP
and makes the invalid hearty, courageous and
strong. 1t is warranted to positively cure all dis
eases of the LIVER, STOMACH, KIDNEYS and
SPINE; it will absolutely cure SCROFULA and all
BLOOD DISEASES, and is certain to eradicate
every form no Of FEMAhE DisEAsEs H as Wel as
infallible remedy for CATARRH, not by snufs and
washes which never cure but by eradicating from
the system tho aerd poison ai~9ys present IN
pared by DIR G GAGE Co., of Saratoga Springs,
NY. who take pleasure in Offering the following
Irof. II. A. WILSON, Saratoga Spa, N. Y, widely
known Principal of one of our leading institutions
of learning, and Superintendent of Sabbath Schools
says that his wife has used the Medical Wonder"
for a complication of diseases with the most happy
results. No other remedy had ever touched tho
case, though she had tried many.
A. ii. HAwLEY, Esq, Saratoga, desres to say that
in his case j." Medical Wonder " worked like charm,
giving health, strength and appetite
Rev. 0. j. WATT, Franklin, N. H., wife afflicted
with Liver and Kidney complaints Neuralgia, Dys-
Mrs. C. p. OnpwAY, Centre Street. Concord Nh,
confined to bed with Female and Kidney disease:
no benefit from five physicians; "Medical Wonder"
cured her in month.
DR.. DALTON, Morrisvle, Mad Co, n. r,
sister confined to bed year with Female disease
and Nervous Prostitution, cured by Medical
Wonder"
EL1zApKrn woop, Sheds Corners N. Y, Ovarian
Tumor and Dropsy, reduced fifteen inches around
body.
Mrs. IRA g. APPLETON, Hisboro, N. H., Spinal
and Kidney diseases, with great Prostration; doc
tors had failed a marvellous cure.
Mrs. z. A. WHITE, Sheds Corners, N. y, near
Morrisve, cured Of terrible 6crofula gained forty
pounds
GEO. HAINEs, Oneida, cured of a most terrible
Catarrh and Deafness.
eE- Had we space thousands OF cases of different
diseases could be given; Ask your druggist for
medical Wonder" and be cured there is nothing
like it.
FOR BALE By
@-"NR-AuO o. ~ ~
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
r. n. JONES. M, d,
G. H. CURTIS.

JOMEoPATHIC PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON:
II Oiiice at Residence. First door south u
B.uE
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
F. H. EVERETT

(Successor to DIR. j. N. Clarkl,
nENTIST, HAS ALL THE MODERN I'M
~ provemeuts. All work warranted to give sat-
isiac,on. Inquiries by mail promptly answered.
Hardy's Building.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
e. a. HARDING.

yITATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, SPEC
w tacles, Sea ouery, and Yankee Notions
Watches aud Jtwa.y repaired and warranted. Post
Olicr Building.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
PRICHARD & HAY.

LNOREIGN AND DOMESTIC DRY GOODS,
L. Gents Furnishing Goods, Hats and Cars, Gro
reries, Teas. Salt Fish, Pork, Lard and Country
Produce. Main Street.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

HARDWARE, IRON, STEEL, COAL, NAILS
IL Cutlery, Seeds Glass, Betting, Cordage, etc
Wholesale and Retail. Main Street.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
Mark These Facts.
Tho Testimony Of tho Whole World.
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.

EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS LETTERS:
~ had no appetito Holloway's Pills gave mo
hearty ono."
'Your Pills are marvellous"
a. send for another box, and keep them In the
house."
"Dr. Holloway has cured my headache that was
chronic" rLs
~ gave one OF your Pills 10 ~ babe for Cholera
Morbus. The dear little thing got well IN day."
"My nausea of morning is now cured"
"Your box OF Holloways Ointment cured me OF
Noises In the Head. rubbed some OF your ONT
ment behind the ears, and the noise has left"
"Send me two boxes; l want one for poor
family"
81 nclose dollar your price Is % cents, but the
medicine to me is worth dollar"
"Send me Ave boxes Of your Pills."
"Let me havo three boxes Of your Pills by return
mail for Chills and Fever"
have over 200 such Testimonials ~ these, but
want of epace compels ME to conclude,
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
G. s. STEVENS,

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN BOOTS,
NI Shoes, Leather and Findings. Custom Boots
q specially. Fine Boots and Shoes made to order
ct short notice. Also dealer in Buck and Kid Gloves
and Mittens.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
C., c., DOTY, ACT.

nYSTER AND ICE CREAM SALOON, FRUIT,
" Confectionery, Soda, Light Groceries, etc.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
@. CORWIN G. CO.,

Z IVERY STABLE. GOOD TEAMS FURNISHED
/ at all times and Mt reasonable prices. Stage
TO aud from Depot. Apply at Stable Office, rear OF
TrJtter House
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
ROSWELL FARNHAM.
3. r. STANTON,

A TTORNFY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW,
N Muster and Solicitor IL chancery.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
g % n'i"sss @f"rhs.
BRADFORD.
C. N. STEVENS,
EATON g. co.

TROTTER HOUSE, BRADFORD, vi. C3ACH
l. to and from all passenger trains, day and night.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

C,URGEON DENTIST, HAS ALL THE MODERN
y improvements Also owns the Folsom Patent
for Orange County. which is one OF the greatest in
nroyemeHts in Dentistry. All work warranted equal
10 any done in the State. Once over Prsung onice.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
ORIN CAMPBELL, Jr.
E. II. ALLEN.

A TTORNFY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW
n Master and Solicitor in Chaucery.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
j. b. ORMSBY,

pHYsIC1AN AND SURGEON. ROOMS FOR
merly occupied by ]. N. Clark, Dentist
Special attention paid to Female Diseases and Dis
eases of the Lungs.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
IMPORTANT CAUTION!
Office, liz Liberty Street, New York.
MEDICAL WONDER
Natures Remedy, Compounded from Barks, Roots
and Herbs, and is the Greatest Vitalizing
Blood Purifier yet Discovered.

BY the river upon the bank thereof shall grow all
trees, and the leaf thereof shall be for
me1icine. ."-EzEKIEL 47th Chap, 18th Verse.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
FOR CUTANEoUs DISORDERS,

And all eruptops Of the skin, this Ointment Ia most
Invaluable. 1t does not heal externally alone, but
penetrates with the most searching effects to tho
Of
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
q. T. pILLSBURY.
mr.. q, II, STEVENS.

C,TovEs, TIN WARE, ihuN WARE, WooDE!
y Ware etc. Main STREET.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS
Invariably cure the following diseases:
DISORDER OF THE KIDNEYS.

HOLLOWAY'S PILLS
Invariably cure the following diseases:
DISORDER OF THE KIDNEYS.
In nll diseases affecting these organs whether
they secrete too much too little water or whether
they be afflicted with stone or gravel, or with aches
and pains settled in the ons over the regions of the
kidneys, these Pills should be taken according 10
the printed directions, and tho Ointment should be
we'll rubbed into the small Of the back at bedtime.
This treatment will give almost immediate relief
when all other means have failed.
FOR STOMACHS OUT OF ORDER
No medicine will 30 effectually improve the tone
Of the stomach these Pills; they remove all acid
ity occasioned either by intemperance or improper
diet They reach the liver and reduce 1t to healthy
action they are wonderfully efcacious In cases OF
spasmn fact, they never fail in curing all disor-
lers Of the liver and stomach.
HOLLOWAYS PILLS are the best known In the
world for the following diseases: Ague, Asthma,
Bilious Complaints, Blotches on the Skin, Bowels,
Consumption, Debility, Dropsy, Dysentery, Erysip-
cas, Female Irregularities. Feyers of all kinds Fits,
,tout, Headache, Indigestion, Inflammation, Jaun-
lice, Liver Complaints, Lumbago, Piles, Rheuma-
tsn, Retention of Urine, Scrofula or Kings EVIL,
Sore Throats, Stone aud Gravel, Tic-Douloureux,
Tumors, Ulcers, Worms Of all kinds Weakness from
any cause, etc.
IMPORTANT CAUTION!
None are genuine unless the signature Of ]. HAY
DOCK, rs agent for the United States, surrounds
each box of Pills and Ointment. handsome re-
ward viii be given TO any one rendering such 1nfor-
nation as may lead to the detection of any party or
parties counterfeiting the medicines or vending the
same, knowing them to be spurious.
- Sold at the manufactory of PRor. HOLLOWAY
& Co., New York. and ty all respectable druggists
world in boxes at 25 cents 90 cents and 81 90 each.
sr- There is considerable saving by taking the
larger Sizes
every disorder affixed to each box.
Office 11C Iihe,.tv Street New York.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21

A TroRNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW.
"A Wells River, VT. Office with Judge Under
wood.
Bradford opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1874-1881, 1877-04-21
EAST CORINIH.
p. F. GEORGE.

r.. +. GEORGE.
NTASON WORK OF ALL KINDS DONE 10
Nl Order. last Corinth, VI.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1877-09-20

The Annual Meeting OF the Maine Con-
ference OF UnltArisn and other Christian
Churches was held with the Bangor Socie-
~. Sept. IL. IL. and -. A large number
attended, Including 40 delegates from the
churches. OF whom twenty seven were
from this city. The proceedings were
opened oy . sermon from Rev. DR.. Bel
lows Of New York, on the Essential Ele-
ments OF Religion" which he defined TO be
belief In God. In Immortality And In Con
science. The large church was completely
niled by . very attentive audience.
The exercises OF the nsIt day opened by
. meeting for conference aud prayer, after
which some business Was transacted. In
GLIDING the election OF officers. This WAS
followed BY an essay BY Rev. J. +. Bi1by
OF Belfast. GA The Church and Modern
Society" in which he IN aiutsIned that The
religious sentiment is 81 iIeradicaole ele-
nent OF human nature. aud that the Church
must always exist to supply its wants by
the Organization and ~ npathy Of believers
After long discussion, adjourned to Unity
Hall, where . bosntifui collation. was
served. Amer this. the rooms Of the Unity
Club were informally deJicsted BY speeches
from Rev. DR.. Bellows. Rev. Nessrs. Hale
and Shipper. and Mr.. Stoddsrd.
The exercises Of the afternoon consisted
of an essay by Rev. Clay McCsuley. OF
washin ston. ID. C., on "whst Thlnk ye Of
CHRISTI portrayiny the views OF the Gnos-
tics agAisH which the Gospel Of John vas
directed. and msintAinIug the humsnity OF
Jesus.
The evening WAS occupied by the public
services. . sermon being given by Rev. L.
T. Hale Of Boston, to . crowded house.
sfter which the Communion VAS celebrated.
The next forenoon was occupied chiefly BY
devotional exercises. and discussions on
matters Of business. closed BY another col.
ls,ion at Unity Hall.
The Bangor Society was profuse 10 It's
hospitality. ell who attended being provid-
cd with pleasant homes, md served with
the most bountiful Isnc hes. The church
he'd been recently frescoed and upholstered
anew, making all things there bright and
cheering. The Unity Club, which WAS
formed chiefly from members Of the Socie.
ty last spring, had JUS, dnI shed decorating
very elegant rooms, especially With null
titude Of pilot ographs Of celebrated works
Of art. The Conference was also especial
ly fortunate In the presence Of DR.. Bell
nos and Aessrs. Hale and Shipper, who
made every meeting live anew with their
words OF inspira ton.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1877-09-20
General News by Telegraph.

A child named Sunson. WAS run over
and Instantly killed by shifting engine, st
the Eastern Depot, Portland, Monday.
VIM. Cochran's house and ell In Ca!a.s,
vas partially destroyed by Ere Monday
Cause = defective chimney. Loss $500.
Insured for $1,000.
Steamer Providence, OF the tsll River
line, was not ashore Sunday forenoon as
reported. She found herself In a dense fog
a. the mouth OF the Harlem River, and
went along side the Pier until the fog lifted.
when she proceeded 10 her dock, not
touching & rock or the bottom.
Win. +. Edwards, formerly proprietor
OF the Portland Advertiser, and for many
years connected with the Custom House.
died Sunday, aged 20 years.
Notice is given BY the lighthouse
Board, that the lights at Chatham, Cape
Cod, Mass. have been removed 225 feet TO
the westward. They are now exhibited
from two iron towers 100 feet apart, bear
Ing north and south from each other.
NEW YORK, Sept. ls.-Stanley tele-
graphs his entire expedition will embark
in Portuguese vessel at Loando for Lon
don. All his people are sick. twenty being
down with Ulcers.
LONDON, Sept. ls.-The Paris correspon-
dent Of the Times, states that Gambetta
and hurst gave notice yesterday. OF an ap
peal from the recent sentences. This no
tice only having been given AFTER the tull
legal Interval. shows that the accused in
tends to protract the proceedings.
The Yellow Fever in Havana, is now
more prevalent snd fatal than In July and
August, when there were comparatively
few cases.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1877-09-20

Our personal appearance is matter
In which our friends and acquaintance
have right 10 a choice whether we shall
infict upon them an exterior uucared for
and unattractive, countenance marred
by a neglected grizzled beard, or a crown
gulltless OF covering. half covered, or
matched with white hairs. or whether we
shall In Difference to our fellows. pay due
regard to our own persons, and make
them presentable and acceptable In soci-
ETY.. There are many helps for those who
desire to do this. and there are none
among them more acceptable thar Halls
Hair Remover and Buckngham's Dye for
the whiskers. Both those preparations
are kept for sale at all our drug stores,
aud II any of our friends are looking a
little the worse for wear. We advise them
to make a note of it.-Norh Star, Dan
rifle, VI.