The New York herald., 1877-07-29
Member.
In ternational Typogrn

united sons OF uican 1914 4,VVV
The Miuers' Union comprises organizations which
existed Tor years in different StaIes-Penusyivan ia
Quo, illinois, lndiara, Iowa. Maryland Missouri, Kan
sas Tennessee and West Virginia The Society OF the
United sons OF vulcan com prises iron puddcrs and
other workers In metals The local unions are called
"orges." In addition to tho above there are the
Bricklayers' National Union, the United Order OF
American Piasterers, the House Painters Union. the
Hat FiEshcrs' Association, The knights OF ST. Crspn,
neyman Horscshoers' Union, the Society OF Locolno
tive Firomcn anu the Mule Spinners Of Cotton Fao
torres.
Tho financial panic Of 1873 was followed by large
reduction IN tho membership Of many Of the unions.
ln tho CITY OF New York the aggregate membership IN
that year was 45 900, and In few months there was
falling of OF TO- 900 members. ln 1871 the Crispins had
800 branches and 10000 memoers; now they have
scarcely general organization, though some remnants
survive In the national trades unions Of The
United States the legislative power Is con-
wSsh each local boay sends
tativo. The qualification for membership usually IN
cludes apprenticeship In the brotherhood Of Loco
motive Engineers the iron Moulders' Union and
others the feature largely developed in the English
societies appears to some extent tendency toward
federation has manifested itself among trade unions
IN the United States, as in tho organization Of tho
Worknsmen's assembly OF New York, which.
however had but ,a brief existence. In 1870
was formed, embracing societies previously
existing in different branches Of the iron trade rne
in 1866, and, although aspiring to represent the
nsmcn Of the country, 1t gradually took the form of
political party, and in several states IN the Union
labor reform ticket is regularly presented to the
for support rhero Labor League of the United
States, with headquarters at Washington but has
vitality. Though the Communistc doctrines Of the In
tcrnat onaliss have made considerable progress in
England, they navo not crcpt ~ 10 any note.
worthy extent in the labor organizations in this
country sill there occasional indications OF the
existence OF small but pcrsevcring ccmcnt OF tnat
mischievous character Tncy are usually refugees not
few narebrained and visionary individuals who will
make any sacrifice 10 bring themselves before the pub
lie view briel notice oil tho origin ana progress OF
the International Society now may be considered in
order
TIE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY.
The International Society, which during Its brief
existence has caused such anxiety European govern
ments and whose principles were practically illustrated
IN the deeds oil the Paris Commune originated In
London under the auspices Of George Odger defeated
candidate for Parliament During tho progress OF the
Polish lnsurrection in 1868 great sympathy
manifested particularly In England anu France
1oT the popular cause IN that unfortunate
country, and dcpuation of workingmon waited
on Lord Palmerston, asking Ior interference
on behalf OF the Poles meeting held in April of
that year in the British metropolis to promote this end
The worknemcn of Paris sent over two delegates TO
represent them a the assembagc and from this sprung
tho idea of international association for the mutual
defence of aborng men in all countries without re-
spect TO race religion or color. In september, 1864.
conference was hold, which attended by rcprcsen
tativcs from nearly every European nation IL pre-
sided over by Professor becsey general manifesto,
prepared by Or. Karl Marx was adopted, aud the
society established, with Odger as its first president
The latter immediately went 10 work and had the docu
ment translated into various languages and widely cir
culatcd all over tho Continent. In the meantime
however, the Office Of president was declared in
compatible with correct republican principles, and
Odgcr having been deposed n chairman vas elected
each weekly meeting. Tho association was not
long In existence when the printers oil Ltepsc struck
for higher wages ana for greater privileges than thoy
had been enjoying. They appealed for aid aud II
granted and from this time for the operations Of the
Intcrnatonalists were closely watched, well tho
movements Of their secret cmissarcs, by the author
tiles.
TnE coMNuSIsrIc PLATFORM
At the first Congress, held at Geneva, three schemes
oil organization ana statutes were brought forward
hazzn, the famous ltaan agitator and revolutionis
proposed thoroughly centralized, strongly consplr-
atuI plan, dealing much orc with political que, tions
aud issues than with labor and capital; a wiId and
desultory one was presented by the Russian Baknin.
and Karl Marx oncrel an extremely radical and basi-
nessiikc one, which was adopted The prevailing idea
that wages paid for labor pass away as serf
labor and slave labor passed away ana give place
sociatcd labor which is to be developed naoua d.
and iostercd by national means. No inap Il
was held, had right to call anything his own which
he had not produced by the labor OF his own hands
MARKS platform declared that the working classes were
cnslaved and to be emancipaled they must conquer
themselves; tho lnternationaiists were not engaged
in struggle for class privileges moropolies.
but for equal rights and duties and
the abolition of all class rule IL fur
ther declared thut the sublccton Of the man of labor
lies vt the bottom OF servtudc Ia all It's forms gocial
misery aud political dependence, and that ihe emsnci-
PATTON Of tue working classes is Tho great end 10 which
every political movement ought to be supo dinale AS
means. Panpcrism could be avoided by oppropria,ng
the proceeds 0 labor according 10 the labor employed
anu moi according 10 the capital invested aud nJvdua
ownership should be superseded by common
ershp TIE Congress considered IT the boundcn
duty OF a TO claim and assert the right
OF man and citizen not only for
himself, but Tor every human icing who pcrform ms his
duty. No rights Of any kind existed or should De toll
Grated without duties; no duties without rights.
Every workingmaD oplillcd 10 share the benefits
and comforts his labor produced. The fourth last
Congress OF the Internal onalsts was held at B,sc IN
1869, but by this time Karl Marx had Withdrawn from
tie association. Their last public manifesto wns de-
ence OF the horrible crimes Of tho Paris Commune.
EFFECT THE S.w GOSPEL.
The dangerous spirit aroused among the masses
commenced TO manifest Itself AZ early day IN strikes
and disturbances all over Europe and continued until
tho beginning OF the France German war. Tho gov
crnmonts became seriously alarmed and entered into
negotiations Tor curoing the designs of the leading
consprators. The poison extended into spain and
Russia The Ministry OF the former coun-
try appealed conhden,ally 10 England 10
prevent The connection Of plots it's
soil against the welfare Of society IN general aad
ukascs were issued At ST. PeteGjdrg dcrovgolEg the
sect and providing for the sewers punishment OF ITS
members In France, notwithstand ng the Law OF 1891