, 1877-04-07
History Of French Literatnre---The
Prince Of Wales in India
Polar Exptoration-.Queer Fishes
in South America-.Punishs
ments in Persia.
Migration Of ButierHies'''Flora Of New
Guinea " Id. Goose Instinct.
LITERATURE.


AHsotp, Aathor Of From thc Levsnt." :" eic.
New York: Harper 4 nro. Chicago: iiadtcy
pp. 4oi. Ps,es, si.75.
IN the ent!ra domain OF the ahah OF Persta
there is not highway which Gnu be trarcrscd
by wheeled carrtngc. The most frc7ucntc1
roads IN tho whole Empire, orcr whltai tho
chlet commerce Of the country is conducted,
arc simply rough pathways leailnC by innuncf-
able branches over the plains, and BY steep, naf-
row, crooked, pcrlous passages across tho lofty
mountains that tntcsscct the routes between all
the large towns. Tourists In the interior OF
Persia have a choice between two modes Of
trayel,-by "cluspar" or by "caravan." III
adopting tho former method, sad1c-horscs arc
hired at t~statons separated by twelve, TWEEN
tY or TWENTY-FIVE miles, and arc ridden from end
to cud Of the route. II baggage OF my amount
accompanies the traveller. be must pcrforrc
form a caravan, and march from stataon to
station At rate Of about three miles an hour,
which IL as fast as laden mulc-tho Persian
beast OF burdcu-ts able to walk. Hotses anti
mulcA may be purchased for abuut $50 apiece
Or hired from mulcteer; IN which latter case
their owner takes charge Of them md Is re-
sponablo for their keeping. The birc OF . mule
for Journey oi 200 miles 10 nbout SO, With an
additional present to The mulesecr II IN the end
h. hns proved faithful to his duty.
Twenty-four miles accomplished IN eight or
nine hours with an hour for rest tn tho middle
OF the march, Ia tho average daily distance
Travelled by caravans. Tho caruYansaftes erectcu
on tho main routes, for tho accommodation OF
travellers ut their noonttde pause or through the
night, arc vacant, r1.lnous structures, built ol
sun-driel mud.bricls, with roofs aud floors OF
mud or clay, laid upon sticks and stoncss cover
Ing tho rough cross-beatus Tho doors and
windows are simple shutterlcss apcrturesin the
I'm 1...t- t,x ~prf $a4FH
the place Of cl,lmncy,-the 0re being built
anywhere on the floor OF m apartment, and tho
smoke anlinE its way out TO tho az aboye
nccor1iing % 1t Is Inclined. No 1oui 5nlabIta
these .carasansarics to keep them 10 order and
provide for tho needs Of gucsts: Their site y
these, with u rudo shelter, complete Tue pro
vision Tor tho entertainment Of the sojourncF.
Beds. cooking apparatus. food. aud every
Elm by The travclcr. On arriving at tho 'cllapar-
kennah, ,"-as these caravanBerlea arc called In
Tcraia,--the refuse lett BY tue last occupants,
aud the dust blown in by tho Winds hayo to hu
acvtlized pcrsoIl. There ID generally singlc
soom built In the segond story, which Ia more
comfortable than tho apartments on tls ground
d0or, wlere the mulcteers and their animals
herd protnissuously together. Sometimes even
this Ia wanting. and reecsses In the wall, elc-
vatcd slightly above the lcvet OF the ground, arc
tno ouly reetin9.place separate tFom the ~ n
II Is with such unavoidable aud continual dis
comforts atAr1ng htlu III the face that oue under
taken TO traverse tue territory Of Persia. hut
90 ugly prospect Is sufficient to daunt an En-
glslstna1i when he Ia bent upon q rowing expo
dlton; and occasionally IN Eugllshnian e equal
" plueky In tic search Of adventure. Mr. Ar
thur Araolt and his VIE, for 10 declared purpose
out from London In the summer Of 1876 TO tray.
q through Russia and Persia. From POLAND
they paascd 70 st. Petersburg, Moscow, Mini
tlu north shore Of the Caspian Sca. Sailiue tnu
whols length OF tho Casptun. tncy laudel at
En1elli. tls port on tue aoutherr coast ~ the
iscsht, distant some twenty snllcs, i. approached.
heant Is III: ch!et entFcpot tor the sllk trale
OF Persia, mud is town bullt In tho Orental
:,ys' I'D hayins H.. snoas ~ = o tnhalst
nuld provided hls outut for the Journey acros.
the State, leaving tho pare Will bis caravan carly
in o.tobcr. The road froln Resht to Tcteran
tlls district in tie Emptre,-that bordering tht
Caspian Sea. and covered with noble forest!
md luxurtaut vegetatton,-an1 then across tlt
stretching IA beyond Teheran. The Capital .
Persia has = magnificent situation, IN tho nids
Of = vaat iussl tract bounded on NIL a!dea b,
Lofty saounta.as, Ths stty itse't Y ef mean .p
anu IT. iew mosques Of slight elevation, glvlnl
II no dignity as An architectural fsatuss Id th
scene. .....
color u the plnin, aud are tncloscd by wall
shout twelve iect high, wAtcl. foru. conttn
pous and u.oAotonuus line, eotxesing 10th side
tae.e blsnK in~ poundastes i Tho iroS.Dound % doo
r mi ss|ps 'fa. tis .oe saeD' se " that }hsrs y
hahltstiuns within the inclosure. THO entlE
pitts. which In ludo u large area Of opca grouu
iys's :ss q aas ts" si0 e