Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1877-06-23

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IL "a - r-rFz-rd u l4z4. 81 -sr
sr~i ~ ltina .. . reussNe the i-sA4 -
eu-r4i.s. IT, - All The liver F,.g1n IS
u 49, the custom g. ttrou Awsy 81 at
the liver. WhertA. Boa the head All En-
trail. are sold L. the msnuf.ei Ter e
fish guano, while the egg are saltei and
placed IN barrels. most Of which sTe .eIt
tn France, where the eggs are in great .ic-
mand az bait for the sardine fishery. The
oil is either extracted by the merchants Ia
whom the fishermen sell the liver> or 10y
the fishermen themselves. In the fnmer
event the livers, after having been dried.
are submitted to the action of steam, ana
thus is obtained the cod-liver oil used for
medicinal purposes; the first residue,
heated in large caldrons, yields an oil
which serves for preparing skins, and the
last residue (tdngrug) is in great request
Ms manure. The process by which the
fishermen extract the oil is II very ditftr-
ent one, and consists in leaving the ivers
to themselves in well.closed barrels. The
result is that the oil extracts it,elf, but at
the same time the livers become putretied.
The firstoil, expressed by the mere weight
Of the livers, comes away before the pro-
cess of decomposition has begun, and is
known as "white oil" Next comes the
! "blonde OIL" the smell of which is some
what rancid; while the "brown OIL" OBJ
tanned by boiling the putrid livers, is
very foul to the smell and to the taste. A
thousand fish yield about 800 pounds of
liver, and from 20 to 80 gallons of oil.
The fish itself is, after the extraction of
its insides and eggs, used either for salt
ing or drying. The dried cod is exported
principally to Italy, which takes SO per
cent. of the whole, Holland 20 per ceBt,
Sweden 10 per cent, and Belgium per
cent, and most of it is dispatched
from the port Of Bergen. The value Of
the cod fish, which in 1869 was only $50
landed, has since risen to $S3, ami tie
mean annual quantity of the exports dur
ing the seven years from 1869 to 1875 has
been 2,7OO tons of salt cod, 1900 tons of
dried cod, 900 tons Of fish guano, 2,S21,-
600 gallons of oil, and 1,114,0O0 gallons
Of eggs. During the same period the
mean annual value of the cod-t.h has
been 5000, 600.
Next to the cod the most important
fishery il that of the herring. As with
the cod fishing, there are two seasons,
winter and summer. In the winter the
results vary much. Thus in 1867 only
IS 900 barrels of fish were caught, while
10 1868 the fishery yielded 27l, 900 bar
rels, and in 1871, 10000 barrels, the aver
age for the last ten years having been
100000 barrels. The summer fishing is
even more uncertain than the winter.
The total product of the herring fisheries
for the last ten years has varied between
COG, 900 ard 1856, 900 barrels of 30 GAL
Ions each, and worth per barrel f,om
81. 81 to $4.18. The winter herring, 60
chiefly t. Russia, Germany, and Sweden,
and tie fat herrings to Germany, Great
Britain, and Sweden; but none are sent
u France, owing to the excessive cu-tOm
dues. The mean annual value of the
herring takes from 1866 to 1870 Was ST.
$50, 900, and from 1871 to 1875 was 81
.42 400 Next To the cod and the herring
fisheries comes that Of the msckrrel, of
~hich the number caught from 1856 to
| 1875 xas upon m average 200. oEo. the
value e which. ~ the plsce th-y xere
taken. being tisseo-
Thee f.cts are olsrHin~d frozz . is-ctare
Delivered ~ late rsrxfing Of the Fr1srh
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