, 1877-10-08
pltc.t distinction between the outer act and Tho

l often ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
:. On the othcr. hand, II conscience b., defined
in the strict, scftofarlv way, a. the aol's senso
| ofrfght AMI, wrong in mottvch tho Judgment Or
purely intellectual activity Of tho soul is dis
ines; and, therefore, In this deiln!ton does not
constitute = faIliblo factor tn conscience.
8. a man does iufalltbly know whether he
mcnns right Or wrong In any Deliberate choice.
as the strl.t definition describes 1t, tho souls
sense of right aud wrong In motives, and IN
those only, conscience IL tufAtliblo within its
field.
IN In this tcnsc, and in that field, conscience
ii. It follows from this definition, that right
aDl wtnng beinnE only TO motives; md that ex-
tcrnal acts, taken wholly apart from Their mo-
tiycs, havc only expc,lsencv or oxpc.!icncY, use
fulness, or harmialness; and that their ctaraeter
In these respects b ascertaincd By the Judgment
and not by the conscience.
12. but conscience not only pcrccives tho dif-
ference between a, good motive anil haa; It
feels that the rood inuttvo ought, anil that the
bad ought not, to be chosen.
10. Conscience, therefore. may hc briefly and
peovisfonal1y defined as a sense Including both
perception and feeling, perception Of right
and wr'ng In motivcs: and feeling that right
ought. and wrong ought not, to ho chosen by
the will Every motive has two sttles-a right
ness or It's opposite. The former distinction l.
perceived, tho latter felt. Conseiento Il that
which pcrratvcs anl feels rl0htncss aud ought
Such IL tho definition With which wo set out
on course Of thought ID which 1t IL honea
tlIcrc nay be discussed john Stuart Mills
views, Herbert spcncer's, Mathew Arttold's,
md Mr. Emcrson's, a. well a. Rants, and
Nothc's, and Buffers. or the entrG conflict be-
tween tho development and tho lntuittonal. mt
between the latter and tho uanthctstic theory,
concerning ts lutttcat Of the faculties possessed
BY man. At tho close OF the engagements and
ycriAcattons Of these propositions which arc to
come Ia subsequent lectures, there Will bc In
fcrencca OF as0rt which l iIope will do sonle-
thing to blaneh sle check Of unsclenstilc
coed necoraling to ths principles Of inductive
science. We arc to ask. What arc the
facts In mans lnmost life. aud what
Its relations to the nature Of thingsi
Wo ART to Infer from uncontrorcrtctl iacts
concerning the moral scnsc, what ts natura ls.
VIC arc to Judge II bv It's effects. am not Msk.
Ing you, in anything have thus fsr PIT boforo
bert spcnccr's, or Rants. | am inserting hora
aul rIw only that distinction Is to bo ma1c
between external nets and Inner 1notlrcs, aud
that the peculiar prcro1atlye OF conscience ia to
tell us What il right or wrong within tho sphere
You notice That have admitted tho proprlety
Of all our popular, end Of course NIL the Script
ural language, concerning tho possibility TINT
the eonseic1'e0 may l,v scared With hot lrou:
but Insist nlsu that there Is IN It's au original
capacity to juIgu Ut tho difference between
right and wrong Intentions. and that lust as VIC
sec tssat thu wtolc 70 greater than part, wc srs
that meaning right is something different from
meaning wrong.
There nre ethical nxfoMs, rs there arc ninth
n0,atical ax[oms; untl II exact research cstat-
lislcs axIo'ns In ethics, you will know how to
build IN taicn, after the pattern shown n tho
cannot bu touched, and which. II We could see
| 1t Ia Its uncxptorcd rcmnIulcrs, VIC SHOULD ask
to have screened from U.S. for no uan cycr PASS.
| cd torty days aud forty nights there without
need u ve[f. ....-
JUDGMENT CONCERNED ~ ntonr AND WRONG.
In spite of the dlat!ncsIons which / have IN
dicatel, you say that 1t Is not clear that Judy
4 mot!vo is right or wrong. When was In
| Syria saw n.ut'y esranKc fruits, md would
occasionally pluck down a penicgranate and
look, At Ii, weigh Il \, my hand. notice IL
doubt tho intellectual faculties DO pluck eiown
motives from the trce Iglrasil, aud no doubt
VIC stuul ns lawyers before tho court Of con-
| science and make pIcas, often very InisclI1cv.
| Judgment Is a falftbla faculty, mud that l do
weigh the Igdrnsil poulcgrunnts III tint intel
lectual hand; asd that II does bring. tho fruit
to thu lips; but Il Ia only the tongue that taatcs
bring the motive clearly before conscience and
conscience pcrcctycs It's flavor. It IL not the
hngers that taste The strange fruit. sFhc eyes
know nothing IT flavor; There y no sense No
| PSopSSSGA ny tAs~N ~ PAsAtA ttto ~ ste
pomegranato can bc nsccrtane,! except
that which rcsts III tho tongue. '. tslont tic
souso Of taste, taure Is no perception
Of aavors: without conscience, there j. 10 por;
gcption of thu difference between right antl
wrong. Neither In tho former uur IN the latter
casc can perception he acquired. 4 being With
out conscience, however highly csil iluwc1 intel
lectualy, cannot be taught to feel this tlistinc-
tion between what ought to bu anil what ought
not to be-. We DO not reason With the Corliss
engine TO teach 1t that It should vlungo It's pis-
tons regularly. A. It feels and knows nothing
af moral distinctions SO We cau imaRtnc belng
the Ar,stotlcs and Daeuns, Or tho executive
ubtity Ut tho NapolcoHs and C'tsars, and yet
without perception OF tho differences be-
tween right and wrong. Wo eau picture to
eeptiou, and yct Without any ferltng
| Win right llaa been seen that It ought 10 bt
followed, but neither popular nor sclentltsc Ian
Runso would permit us to ny that such being
this moral scnae must ~ made to lncluie both d
| perception and fpelLng; but the latter may Ot
weak and couse!ence yet cxlst.
define conscience "a thai within us which mol
feels that what il right ought 10 be chosen b,
the Will. You may i,c puzzled By the question
whether conscience 10 not sometimes i.sopcra
tive Or dead. kn,>w that this tcel!ng that whai
" less fercs; but tho perception tLat there IL {
distinction <bctMesn right and wrong IL
motives, : or between luuaning to IL
well aud mcanlnR to do III, I hold |:
clear IN every man down to tho lisnits Of san
lty; md that, although Tho magnetic needle
may not always be ~! lowed. although the crew
may b. crazy aud not look at tho card, there |,
In tho needle power that makes It point to tht
north whgucyrr It ts balanced ou q hair po!ul
atd allowed TO muvs without fcttcFs. W. ar.
10 lnado that tue distinction betwuen right a,.tl
| wrung ln motives Ia US rvident to US III the
sphere Of sntxa action as the suptrloslty ln stzs
uf i whole aver part is IN tho splleru Ut 1ttatt
cmas3cs. In this rcgiou VI ethics IL Is automatic
truth tbat reilly sous science lnsI.ts upolt, just -
in tLe region u mathematics It Ii Automatic
truth TINT mathematical sclvnce insists upon.
l btg ME. Mill's par.lon; | um not using thu
word tntuitiye. which he d,sllkcs and whict
Kant lsoaors. Hers AMI now !Astst On Moth
Ing more than tho proposition that so!f.
evident truths aru tl,u basis ot mathe
nlatics and that seli-eytlcnt truths are tLs
basis VI ethlcst and that we perceive all surt
truths directly. They arc matters OF suprcIr,.
certainty. There l. q difference betwcen tit
right hand and TIC left iu the souls choices
among iuosiycs. md men are q sure concern
, lug that Vi they aru cuneernlug the prupust
tton that every change must have an adequate
: | caute. Distinguish, thea, between the unKefl