davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Notice.

Mr.. G. W. Haweshas been re-appointed
agent of THE LEADER, and will from
this date collect the subscriptions for
the Daily delivered by carrier. He is
authorized to solicit advertisements and
job printing for this Office.
THE LEADER PRINTING Co.
Cheyenne, Nov. "a, 1877. diff
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

"Three times round and out" The
grand Catholic festival and fair, at Rec
reation Hall, which has been drawing
delighted crowds for two nights past,
closes this evening, which will be the
last and best. Don't fail to be there.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
To Agents-rhe Century Chart.

An Almanac for 100 years; whereby you can
the month is or what day Of the month any
day of the week Is, was or will be, from 1893
to 1900, or on what day you were born, on
what day any event has taken place or Will
take place to 1900, and 1000 other occurrences.
The greatest invention of man. Every per-
son Viii q one Also the great Egyptian
receipt OF a5c, post paid, or sl.O0 per dozen.
Agents wanted everywhere. Ladies' and
gents secure our town at once. You can
make go per week. Send for sample.
KOONS BROS, Novelty Dealers.
100 and 100 Washington st., Chicago, Ill.
octS0deU
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Remember that the only tip-top, first
class barber shop in Cheyenne, will.
elegant bath rooms attached, is kept
BY VIM. J. Hardin, under Dyer's hotel.
dl-dlm
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Mr.. HANNA moved to reconsider,
and that the motion be tabled, which
was carried.
G. F. No. 10, Defining the jurisdic-
ton of justices of the peace, was passed.
Adjourned.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Perfect honesty goes hand in hand
with excellence and success. If you
don't believe it weigh a can of Dooley's
Yeast Powder and try it in your
kitchen. You get full weight, and find
little more than one-half as compared
with others, suffice the purpose of max
ing the most delicious bread, biscuit,
cake, pastry, etc.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Notice.

The annual meeting of stockholders
Of the Black Hills Gold Mining Com
pany, for the election of a board of
trustees for the ensuing year, will be
held ut the office of the company in the
city of Cheyenne, w. T., on Monday.
December 10th, 1877, at I o'clock
p. m. d4-Gt
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
an ! ovylook.

The Indian situation in the Bear
river country, and at White River
Agency, Colorado, is becoming threat
ening. The failure of the Government
to furnish the Utes with supplies, and
the refusal to give or allow them to
purchase ammunition, has exasperated
the redskins, and they are having
frequent counsels ove the matter, and
are very outspoken. 1t is well known
among the red men that large quantities
of supplies have been in Rawlins for
nearly two years, but which, for some
reason, have not been forwarded to the
Agency. With the exception of three
wagon loads received last September,
no supplies have been furnished the
Indians of White River Agency for a
long time, and they are sadly in need of
both provisions and blankets, while the
embargo on ammunition has rendered
the procuring of wild meat extremely
difficult.
All this rouse the ire of the men,
bers and leaders of the different
tribes, and the settlers are extremely
uneasy over the possible result. So far
no property has been stolen or persons
killed, but a large number of unoccu-
pied buildings along the river have been
burned.
The tribes are well posted as to the
Nez perceS war and were all time
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The choicest apples in the market
for sale by the carload, barrel orpount
at lowest figures.
d5-tf PEAsE & TAYLOR.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
1873.
1873,

On OF before January l, 1878, 1 wish
to have just half of my present. stock of
goods, and shall therefore sell at prices
which will be an inducement to the
buyer. Call before purchasing else
where.
d6-tf PoLACK, next to p. o.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Seal and Mink Sacques to order, from
S75 to $3.50, at NJ. Moses fur shop, 18th
ST., near Eddy-sign of the Big Bear.
O7-6m
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

There is no use suffering from n cough,
cold or sol throat. Get a bottle of
Addoms Sc Glover's Cough Syrup, the
best remedy of its class. o3Otf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

A mar was found by some train men
on the railroad track, near Medicine
Bow, on Saturday morning last. He
was picked up and taken to the Bow,
but life was extinct when the train ar
rived there. He was known in that
neighborhood. Cause of death, freez-
ing.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

For SALE.-A fine new two-story
brick dwelling house, containing seven
large rooms. Also three lots. Inquire
Mt THE LEADER Office. n17-tf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

If you wish a good article in the line
of boots and shoes, at bottom prices,
call and see s. Bon. s23-tf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

HOUSE FOR RENr.-Two stories,
frame, corner of 18th and House streets.
Apply to daft I.C. WHIPpLE.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Eat Mince Pie.

Mince-meat cheaper than you can
make it. Ask for Atmore's. Pease &
Taylor keep it. d5-tf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

In the case of Julian VS.. Booth
jury trial was waived, the taking of
testimony concluded, and the matter
taken into consideration by the court.
Perry Wisdom and Prescott Webb,
road agents, were arraigned and plead
not guilty. Trial set for Dec. 18th.
The case of Bronson VS.. Creft was
tried and taken under advisement by
the court.
The jury disagreed in the case of
Eaton & Co. VS.. Julia A. Maginn, and
were discharged. Case continued.
Court adjourned to Thursday, Dec.
9th, at o a. m.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The Denver Division of Locomotive
Engineers gave their annual ball on
the night of December 20.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The best and cheapest boots and
shoes, custom made, car be found at
s25-tf s. BOWS.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Found.

By A. T. Corlett. a watch. The
owner can have the same by calling at
the office of Corlett 81 Stevens, proving
property and paying for this advertise
ment. n29tf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Several officers went to the Railroad
house yesterday to take a look at
Lieut.. z. q. Dervin, U. S. A." No
such name appears on the army regis
ter. Col. T. G. Devin, commanding
the Third Cavalry, was there how
ever.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

A telephone is soon to be put in ope-
ration between the Union Pacific depot
at Omaha and Lake station, across the
river
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The Nicodemus colony, n few weeks
since in distressed circumstances had
to call on Cheyenne for assistance, and
now returns hearty thanks for the aid
extended.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The PASTORS Aid Society of the Pres
byterian church will meet at Mrs. o. F.
Cowhick's this afternoon at 2 O'Clock.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Pictures and Notices for the Holidays.
Given away to purchasers of our eel
ebrated Thea-Nectar tea, the choicest
grown. d5-tf PEAsE & TAYLOR.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

There are lots of men who are too
poor to pay for a newspaper, and yet
have lots of time to sit around saloons
and play cards for whisky.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

We are fully convinced that Presi-
dent Pease is a very naughty boy, and
a prove it by Wheeler.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

At 3 O'Clock this morning the west
bound U. z. express, due here Mt 1:20
p. m. to-day, was al hour and q half
behind time, buffeting a rising gale.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
For Sale.

A business house and lot, in the GEN.
tre'of Cheyenne-cheap.
d2-6t JOHNSON & POTTER.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

You don't know when you will have
another opportunity to enjoy yourself
so well as you will by attending the
fair and festival at Recreation Hall this
evening. All your friends will be there,
and you should go.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Pure Goods

are essential to make certain the results
of cooking. Such is sour Baking Pow
der" and delicious creamy cakes and
pastry are made by using it. Full
weight, honest goods every time, and
to buy it nce is to buy it always. Ask
your grocer for it.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Look out for the grand exposition of
Spiritualism to be given here N a few
days by ''The Mysterious Man." Prof.
ClIns TT Read
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Put on your dress suit, hang q hand
some young lady on each arm, and me-
ander into the festival and fair at Rec
reation hall this evening. Remember,
it is the last night, and you will GER
tainly be entertained.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

That's what's the matterl)
1t gives satisfaction to all.
Does just what we say.
"Zambezi' can't be excelled.
Read ''ad" headed "Zambezi.n
nQ-dawtf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

One car of apples, l of oats and 3 of
mdse. for Cheyenne will arrive from
the east this morning.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Money 10 loan on mortgage security,
Apply to J. ". KINGMAN. n10d1m
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Gleason, the Sixteenth street grocer,
contemplates matrimony, but loves so
many girls that he cannot make a
choice.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Recreation Hall,

Seats 400. Stage 2Ox3O scenery.
Apply to Joslin & Arnold. n2S If
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The ladies of the Presbyterian Sew
ing Society will meet at the Presby.
terrain parsonage this Thursday after
noon at . O'Clock.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Within the past two weeks some
10000 pounds of supplies have been sent
from Rawlins to the Sand Creek and
Seminole settlements. About 100 men
and $4,000 head of stock are wintering
there.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Buy a trunk for a Christmas present
Mt d6-tf PoLAcK's.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Our ''Snow Flake" and pride of
Colorado" Flour is the best in the mar
ket. Try it.
n13-dtf MASON & HOTEL,
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Three railroad men engaged in a
brawl at Golden, Monday, and it is re-
ported that two of them were fatally
stabbed.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

''TlIe Mysterious Man" is in Chey-
enne. For further particulars see
small bills. z
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The Union Pacific express is about to
be extended to Denver, over the Colo.
RADIO Central.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Ono Thousand Dollars Reward:

One Thousand Dollars Reward.
We will pay the above reward for the
arrest and conviction of the men who
attacked our coach near the Cheyenne
river, on the new road from Hat Creek
to Deadwood, on the night of Sept. 26th.
The anne reward will be paid for their
dead bodies.
Cheyenne & Black Hills Stage Co.,
LUKE VOORHEES,, Supt.
CheYenne. Sept. q. 1877. a2S-tf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

That cough will settle on your lungs
and put you in your coffin if you don't
break it up. Addoms Il Glover's Cough
Syrup is an unfailing remedy. o30tf
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

For sale at Black Hills stables.
n20-tf +. j. MCMAHON.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

This is the last night of the fair and
festival at Recreation Hall.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Silk Handkerchief, Scarfs, Gloves,
Pulse Warmers, suitable for a present,
cheap at
d6-tf PoLAcK's, next to P. o.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06
Good Potatoes,

Good Potatoes.
They are hard to get, but the Salt
Lake potatoes just received by US are
''way-up." d5-tf PEAsE s. TAYLOR.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Kind-hearted people begin to look fol
Christmas presents.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

shall reserve far n fuh,re Ietter th,
details of some If tbe neyv leads :,
various parts maj nave not yet peer
mentioned III your OF other Oh our ioca
the ..F.o,e ,, in sheen Tail o,yrsd h,
Davis & Overman WHARF from III.
loose rock above the solid vein twenty
five cents per pan a be easily OBJ
mu
,sI,N nan" wy
everything at present points to til,
complete realization Of the most san
90 90 a. on;n;o. u,t 20 g. ant =,
oyorv eff - tho ,o.ds d;soo,aroJ hos,
-, - a. - -
Colorado or any other State in the
Union in its quartz. 1t would be safe
to say that one half of all that have
oi io'"'eu arc paying ,ioni Go PEI
.'n anu up"aiu' anu VI tne o.nei nan
equally remunerative. f. W.
u
'"'' "''e '"e hNs'si"'
w. oo,, sno. :.
,oo,,a, sn;,,o
-
pGtPrnaVgS trn1nQ hrnIIUhf III f1aav.
| enne
w" '"
'"' any,
Tile MYSTERIOUS Mani is in Cbey.
eihe. u iurther particulars see
sih'ii p''S' {
The Union Pacific express is about to
be extended to Denver, over the Colo
rauo SehlraI.
One car Of apples, l of oats and 3 OF
mdse. for Cheyenne will arrive from
the east this morning.
We are fully convinced that pras;.
dent Pease is a very naughty nov and
cap prove # NV wheeler
--
ya.,.1osa 80 - I'M
' 40 y"
The PASTORS Aid Society of tile Pres.
~ ''
A telephone is o o to be put in ope-
ration between the Union Pacific depot
- ~ "o'o'' '"'
~ -
Gleason, the Sixteenth street grocer,
contemplates matrimony, but loves so
choice
-
ihree railroad men engaged IN a
pr""i at "oideh' MONDAY ana IL Is re-
ported that two OF them We're fatally
~
LOOK out ior the grand exposition Oh
opirituaiism 10 De given mere N a lew
oays by Inc mysterious Man, frof.
.has' Ii. i'ead.
The ladies of the PRESBYTERIAN Sew
ing "ooie'y VIII meet al 'he rresoy-
'eii"i parsonage 'his 'ihursu"y) "ieer-
hooh "' ocioch.
There are lots of men who are too
poor to nay for a newspaper, and vet
have lots of time To sit around saloons
"'" pay e",u' ioi WHISKY
At 3 O'Clock this morning the west
bound U. p. express. due here Mt LOO
u. M. TODAY. was an hour and n half
behind time, buffeting a rising gale.
~+
Inc Nlcodemus colony, n Few weeks
to call on Cbevenne for a.s;stonoo and
now returns hearty thonLs for tho old
extended
-
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

Yesterdays trains brought 80 Cliey.
enne passengers.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1877-12-06

The cold snap is suffering from a dis
located spine.
The New York herald., 1877-07-07
OPIUM POISONING.

DEATH OF CHARLES +. RICHARDS, OF NO. B
WEST rHIRTY-NINTH STREET
very sad case Of opium poisoning came under the
notice OF the coroncrs yesterday. Mr.. Charles +.
Richards, the rubber betting manufacturer, OF Park
row, found o dying condition by his family at
his residence No. West Thirty ninth street, the
Sd OF July The circumstances of The case ELECTED
by Coroner Flanagan yesterday from the members Of
deceascd's family, show that Mr.. Richards was an
habitual opium drinkor and had been suffering from
nervous proslration for some years Charles f. Rich
ards his son, testified that deceased four
years ago accustomed to tako bromide Of
potassium, chloral bydrate and McMunn's elixir
OF opium; he weaued himself from the habit
aud with tho exception OF occasional dose seldom
used these drugs at a. During the past two weeks,
however, he went back to the drug, and has boon
undor tho influence OF hydrate OF choral most OF tho
time. He took a dosc OF chloral on Monday night
before retiring, and IN the middle OF tho night.
On Tuesday morning he repeated the Dose as hc had
not slept we'll He ther rctired and slept until eleven
o'clock. Mr.. Richards had told his son that he would
20 10 Narraganset his family physician, but he
did not 60, and when his returned from down
town he found that his father lying the parof
floor in his shirt sleeves He said he did not
feel we'll enough to 60 East. and then he got
breathed heavily that DR.. Frank Hamilton, OF No 43
West Thirty y-secoud street. was sent for. aud admins
tered coTee and mustard 20 prsduss vomiting Thsse
efforts were Of no avliL Mr Richards uncon-
after p. the 3d aud renamed until
the morning OF the 9th, when he died. Dr. Hamton's
testimony shows that Mr.. Richards had bought two
bottles OF Nc Nuns elixir OF opium At the drug store
corner OF Thirty ninth and Sixth the
Sd nst and that only bottle could be found ana It
was empty. In this medical gcntlemans opinion
death had been caused by an overdose Of oriun.
from overdose OF narcotics administered by himself
during ht Of mental alteration.
The New York herald., 1877-07-07
AN EMPLOYMENT AGENT.

HOW ,. r. MADISON DID BUSINESS AT NO. 40
BROAD STREET.
Tho skill OF detective uucarthcd another system of
swindling tho unsuspecting yesterday. A young man
named Charles +. Smith called upon Superintendent
waling yesterday at tho Central ONCE, and said to
him.
~ am going to got a situation from man. and tho
wages will be $40 week."
"well, what have got to do with thatf" said tho
Superintendent.
"rhe man wants mo to give HIM 500 for getting me
the situation.''
"ohi an understand" /" said the superintendent;
ust 80 into tho detective office tell your story to
Sergeant Keely."
Accordingly tho nah went aud Sergeant KceIy put
Detective Ferris tho caso Smith aud he went
down TO No. 40 Broad street, where Smith said tho
gentleman had his onlce. On tho way th,ther Smith
showed the following advertisement, which he said
brought him 10 the gcnllsman:-
S1O0 BONUS WILL sESuRE -: sirUATiNoRNr TNRrR r9E S,H
Herald.
Together Smith aud Ferris wont up tho stairs aud
met we'll dressed young the landing twirng
bunch OF keys as II no had just closed MS ONCE.
Ferris said no mad come 10 60 security or pay any
Smith permanent situation. J. +. Madison, as tho
agent styled himself, said he was member OF the
ono thousand dollar south Mountain Railway
bond winch ne said he would give as security or the
thcn gentleman came out ol side Office, ana, beng
acquainted with Detective Ferris, bade him GOOD day,
Oftccr' This sxiutation, Ut course, apprised Mr.
Madison OF tho true character OF his visitor ana let
the officer alter native but 10 arrest the man. he
did 30, took him INTO Bradley Co.'S onice and found
that ne not connected with tho hrm at all Then
he brought Madison the Central Uicc. where he was
searched and nearly Two hundred letters from sppli
cants desiring situations were found on him. Among
these were s0mo subscribed by the following dupes,
who are requested " call on superintendent Waling
this morning and identity tho prisoner
j.. ID.
H. Fcrnandez, No. 4 West Thirty trst street
n. FulUoye. banker, box 200 Herald Office.
James Fitzgerald, bankor. Herald office.
Charles s. Pate. AZ Beoxman street, b. II.
John ID. Emmons 4FF
l.. u. LanDeItZ, Is Sixth avenue
Thomas Conner, Brook ,yn, +. d.
Frank r. Boyce, BrooHlyn
Charles Baxter, 329 Fourth street, Jersey City.
Theodore +. Road, brooklyn.
f., ,Hsughtaling, No. I83 Wioughby street, Brook
lyn.
W. G. Chambers, CITY Post Onlce.
s. WIlbor, Belmont Hotel, New York.
Il. Z. Gillespie, manufacturing chemist, 352 Bowery
Madison was taken 70 court and remsnded I'LL this
M
The New York herald., 1877-07-07
MUNICIPAL NOTES.

There is considerable grumbIing among some Of the
democratic City Fathers TO their treatment among
the different departments They allege that they
not obtain any patronage for their fronds. They also
complain that Comptroller Kelly insists upon being
consulted and naming all the appointments. from the
highest to the lowest, In tho gift OF Tammany Hall.
1t is likely that Mayor Ely will send in to tho Alder
men at their next meeting another namo for Park
Commissioner in place OF William X. Martin, whose
term of Office expired last May
IL Is sometimes matter OF speculation around the
City Hail to how 1t Is tnat bids arc accepted Nr
goods to be furnished 10 different departments ut
prices much lowor than those articles can be pur-
chased In tho market Probably the public might be
enlightened this point through investigation by
the Commissioners Of Accounts.
Comptroller Kelly yesterday signed warrants amount
ing $66 00O the Of 052 SO being for
on the city debt and sig, S3l A for the Founding
Asylum.
Mayor Ely yesterday signed the resolution of tho
Aldermen permitting the laying OF pipe across the
East River 10 Hunters Point for the purpose OF send
ing oil from the Standard Works. The oil company
has entered into contract by which II is agreed not
to Objectionable matter their business In Queens
county, Tho Mayor refused to sign the ordinance un-
less such guarantee was given.