davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
Sticklebacks.

The pretty little stickleback, which
is one of the nest-building fishes, is
favOrite inmate of aquaria, yet its
mischievous propensities render it a
dangerous companion for other small
fry. A writer in Hardscicke's Science
Gossip relates an interesting experience
with the miniature marauders. A
handsome specimen in his suit of bright
colors was brought to the owner of an
aquarium, who accepted the gift rather
reluctantly. The fish "was tame, came
and took food from your hand, and be-
came a favorite; but he soon began to
pluck at the snails, and killed them.
He then bit pieces out of the tails and
fins of the fish. Not satisfied with this,
he used to meet the fish, swim under
them, put up his stickles and rip them
open. At first could not imagine how
it could be, but at last we saw it done.
Of course he was taken out, but the
fish all died off from wounds which he
had inflicted, though not perceptible to
me. had no living thing left. After
a while put in some snails and tad
poles. A friend brought me four
stickles three males, one female. /
put them in, and one of them began al
most Immediately to build nest. He
was indefatigable in his attention to it
night and day, lowering oyer it and
tanning the water; meanwhile the 9th
ers were killing the snails and biting
off the tails of the tadpoles, SO that they
could not swim, and fell to the bottom,
dying one after the, other. In about
seven or eight days the young ones
were swimming about over the nest; we
counted seven. The parent kept them
there, and drove the others away iurl-
ously. However, they soon lost their
protector; he was floating dead in about
three days after the Matching, which |
hear is always the case. do not think
he ate anything all the time. From that
time we saw no more of the young ones
until by chance we saw two behind
stone, as though they were hiding. The
female went up, put her head in, and
swallowed them both; they were nearly
half an inch long and very slender. !
had the cauniba1s taken out and sent
down Into the sswsr."
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

sess half of the line, reckoning the dis
lance from coast to coast at low tide.
Each company will cover the expense
of its portion.
The general work If excaxatioii will
be done, on theonek hand by4he Great
Northern of FF&hce, and onsthe other.
by the Chatham and Southeastern Como
panies, the two latter having each 8
direct route from Iondonsto Dover.
All the materials of the Erench and En-
glish lines will pass through the tunnel
in order to prevent unnecessary expen-
ses and delay of transhipment, as in
England and in France railway COM
panies use each other shines, and goods
can pass from one line to another with
out changing. vans. ;, 1t is understood
that an arrangement will be established
for a similar exchange of lines between
all the English and Continental railway
companies when the tunnel is completed,
The tunnel will belong to its founders.
At the expiration of thirty years the
two Governments will be able to take
possession of the tunnel upon certain
conditions. -Loaelon Daily Ne,Os.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
Character Of the Tribes Of Equatorial
Africa.

Mr.. HENRY M. STANLEY has written
a letter to the N. Y. Herald, in which
he gives the following sketch of the
tribes of Central Africa:
"In East Central Africa the people
are gathered under powerful Emperors
and Kings-the great Empire of Ugan-
da, which has an estimated population
of 5,OOO,O 900; the great Empire of Ru-
anda, with an equal estimated popula-
ton; the Empire of Urundi, with about
5000, 900; the Kingdoms of Usagara,
the two Usuis, Unyoro, Karagwe and
Usongora and Ukerewa-all of these
Empires and Kingdoms governed des-
politically, subject to the will of their
respective Monarchs. In his worthy
efforts for the moral improvement Of
these benighted races the missionary,
using discreet judgment, can soon Sc
cure the goodwill, assistance and pro-
lection of the supreme powers Of these
countries.
"In West Central Africa; from Lake
Tanganyika to,the mouth of the Congo
River, the peoples are gathered in
small, Insignificant districts, towns or
villages, each governed by the respec-
tive chief. As we approach near the
west coast the explorer dares not begin
to classify the people after the usual
manner employed in Africa, as the dis
tricts are SO small, the population SO
great, the number Of villages SO con-
fusing, that there are ~ many Kings
ruling over D hundred.scro plot %
Tiers are 0faeia)s In 0reoos, 81 anil
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
Who Makes Money I'm Oil.

SINGULAR as 1t may seem, 1t is not the
producer who makes the money i'm the
oil region. Those who keep to the top
of the earth, instead Of delving and
driving into its subtcrranean mysttr-
les, make the most money. The fur
nishers of the boilers, engines, drilling
tools, and all that is necessary for the
"rig' of the producers, rs well rs the
spectators in oil, have the best of it.
Those who make successful "strikes -
are apt to make new ventures, and ut
the end of years of laborious applica-
ton their entire property consists of
some old derricks and antiquated boil
ers and engines, and number Of ''dry
holes.' Once In the business, however,
man is apt to stick to it with constant
expectation of a lucky venture, until he
finally settles down as the owner of Il
two-barrel well, which yields him u
few dollars per day and enables him to
keep soul and body together. 1t 10
very much like gold digging in some of
it's features-what is made one month
is lost the next. If he has good
yielding well he stores the produce
with the tank companies and keeps it,
paying storage, in the hopes of an adj
vance, when the rich developments of
some new oil region bring down the
value of his accumulated stock to little
more than sufficient to pay his storage
charges, and the pressure of creditors
compels him to sell at whatever price
he can get for it. 1t is all lottery,
and like other lotteries, there are more
h1onES than ,,rizos and thOSe WIN, t,,,.,,
the wheel get the best of it, as is the
case in other lotteries. Those who own
large tracts of land and sell it off in
small lots make money as a matter Of
course, as land on any of the oil belts
commands not less than $1,000 per
acre. When new belt is discovered
and flowing well is struck there is
rush of buyers, and fancy prices rule
the market.-W city Letter to Bohi-
more american.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
Lunar SuperstitiOns.

; The Tyrolese cure freckles by wash
ing them at night with water in which
the moon shines. In the Harz Noun
tains and Silesia, the remedy for goi-
tiers is to turn ones face to the increas-
ing moon three evenings running, then
take stone, silently touch the swell
ing with it, and throw It over the left
shoulder. Meier quotes Swabian
charm for toothache. When the cres-
cent moon reappears for the first time,
the sufferer must gaze at it steadfastly
and repeat thrice 81 see the moon
with two points; my teeth shall neither
shoot nor ache until I see the moon
with three points, Crabs caught dur
ing full moon, and then burned alive
and ground to powder, cure hydro
phObia. Of course the moon neces-
sarily assists at all deeds of sorcery,
such as casting magic bullets, the man.
ufacture of diving-rod, and the like.
The following receipt for avenging
ones self on ones enemies is given by
Kuhn in Westphalia "When the
new moon falls on Tuesday, go out
before daybreak to stake selected be-
forehand, turn to the East and say,
Stick, grasp thee in the name of the
Trinity Take thy knife and say,
Stick, I cut thee in the name of the
Trinity, that thou mayest obey me and
chastise anyone whose name I men,
hon.' Then peel the stick in two places,
to enable thee to carve these words,
Abba, obia, saba. Lay smock-frock
on thy threshold and strike it hard
with the stick, at the same time nam
ing the person who is to be beaten.
Though he may be many miles away,
he will suffer as much as if he were no
the spot" The ancient Greeks and
Romans considered the moon to be a
protection against the evil eye, and they
hung small moons made of metal round
their necks as amulets. Even the
wives and horses of the Romans wore
them. The custom has not yet disap-
psared in Italy and the East. Some
years ago Neapolitan ladies used to
wear small silver half-moons on their
arms as preservative against cpl
lepsy, which popular belief has always
connected with the evil eye. The tai.
ismanic crescent has ever been the
badge of Islam, and it still glitters on
the minarcts.-AW the Year Round.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
FACTS AND FIGURES.

- MaAssasoN children, find .home such q.
motherly place.
IHE Paris Exposition of 1878 is to-
cost $4,000, 900. n
A WOMAN of Southwick, Mass, dimes
in the company of her hundred cats.
The site of the petrified forest of CAL
itornia is about 1000 feet above the sea
level.
BosToS is importing her gas coal
from England, for the first time in five
years, refusing to submit to the btu
minous monopoly. A Red Star steamer
has arrived with 1,6OO tons.
ENGLAND is fond of eggs. Beside
consuming those of home manufacture,
she makes away with 81, O51 355 worth
which are imported. Canada is trying
to supply her venerable mother with
eggs, and recently one steamer took to
Liverpool 280 barrels of them. Still
Britain cries for more and wants tho
United States to go into the business and
make the egg trade an appendix to the
beef expectation.
MANY instances have been given,
from time to time, of improvements in
the value of city property in London,
but one of the most remarkable is that
of q house in Lombard street, the prop
erty of the Draper's Company, which
in 1868 was let for E25 year. In 1877
the site let's for f2,6OO a year ground
rent, and the lessee having expended
100000 on the building covering it,
gets return of $1,000 a year rent.
THE weakest go to the wall. Forty
seven failures have taken place in New
York City during September, aggregat-
ing liabilities to the amount of $780,
GOO. The number of failures is the
largest of any month during the year.
1t is thought that this clearing away of
rotten concerns will have 4 beneficial
effect, and will pave the way for SUBJ
stantial foundation on which to build
the coming good times.-Detroit Press.
SOME 100000 pistols have been made
at Norwich, Conn.,, this year. Orders
are increasing, and many of the works
are running day and night. The Bridge
port Cartridge Works make some 7OO,-
600 cartridges day. They have sup
piled Russia with 4O,OOO,OOO, Turkey
with 10000, 900, and have just got an
order for SO,OOO,OOO from Italy. The
Russian and Turkish inspecting officers
have been working side by side at the
factory.
THE vital statistics of Massachusetts
for 1876 have just been issued by the
Secretary of State, and show that the
excess of births over deaths was S,963,
or 50 less than the excess in 1875; one
living child was born to every 40 per-
sons, one in 66 was married, and one in
| every 81 died. The whole number of
births, including still born, was 1923,
and the cities gave four births more to
every 1 900 Inhabitants than the country.
The births of foreign parcntage are pro-
portionally less than in any year since
1860. In ten of the cities the ratio of
foreign to native births was 172 to 100,
and in the rest of the State but 78 to
100. Four parents were blessed with
triplets and $40 with twins, 36 per cent.
of whom were native and 40 foreign.
The statistics for ten years back show
that there are just 100 single births to
one plural, and one child in 33 is born
dead. The number of marriages was
II, 749, or 914 less than in 1875.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
THE TURCO.RUSSIAN WAR.

A st. Petersburg telegram of the
10th announces the capture, by the Russians,
Of Alwas, the key of the Turkish position in
front of kars. After the capture, the Turks
We're attacked in the flank and compelled to re-
treat. with the loss Of several thousand who
were taken prisoners and great many field
guns.
London kilograms of the 18th say
that both Servia and Greece were preparing to
take the field against Turkey the moment the
situation warrants the belief that Russia would
win The Russian accounts of victory in
Armenia had been fully confirmed.
A Bucharest dispatch of the 18th an
nounces the recommencement of the lombard
ment of Plevna along the entire line.
A Titlis dispatch, received in Tendon,
on the 18th. says the Russians captured in the
recent fight in Armenia thirty-two battalions
Of Turks. four brigades Of artillery, 100 Off
GERS and 1000 horses. The Russians estimate
the Turkish loss at 5000 men, together with
great stores of provisions and munitions of
war.
On receiving information Of Mukh-
tar Pasha's defeat, Ismail Pasha withdrew
from the position he formerly occupied in Ar
menia, and, il was believed in Constantinople
on the 18th, evacuated the territory. 1t was
reported that the Russians had occupied Pen
eek and closely invested Kars.
A Russian journal reports 59,434
Russians killed and wounded up to Oct. II.
The Second Grevitza Redoubt before
Plevna was entered and occupied by the Rou-
manians, on the evening Of the 10th. The
Turks subsequently recaptured it with consid-
cradle loss.
The Turks have evacuated Kadikoi.
in Armenia, to prevent their communication
with Rustchuk from beingcu of, and have re-
tired to Rasgrad.
According to Constantinople dis
patch of the 10th, the Russians had 10000 men
in front of Kars. The place was closely in
vested and negotiations were going on for its
surrender.
Forty Turkish soldiers, who deserted
Plevna, on the Goth, reported great scarcity
of food in the Turkish Army.
A Plevna correspondent telegraphed,
on the I'D. that the Turks were constructing,
at that point an interior line of formidable de-
lenses.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
Farragut at Ten Years Of Age.

ADMIRAL FARRAGUT and his family
were spending the summer at the
Branch, and while sitting on the porti-
co of the hotel he said, "Would you
like to know how was enabled to serve
my country? 1t was all owing to a res
olution l had formed when l was ten
years of age. My father was sent to
New Orleans, with the little navy we
then had, to look after the treason of
Burr. accompanied him as y cabin
boy. l had some qualities that l
thought made man of me. could
swear like an old salt; could drink a
stiff glass of grog as if l had doubled
Cape Horn, and could smoke like To-
connective. 1 was great at cards, and
was fond of gambling in every shape.
At the close Of dinner one day, my IA
Their turned everybody out of the cabin,
locked the door and said to me, David,
what do you mean to be-? i mean to
follow the sea- Follow the sea! Yes,
be poor, miserable, drunken sailor be-
fore the mast, kicked and cuffed about
the world, and die in some fever hospi-
tai in a foreign cline No. l said,
III tread the quarter deck and COM
mand, as you DO. NO, DAVID; no boy
ever trod the quarter deck with such
principles as you have, and such habits
as YOU exhibit. You'll have to change.
your whole course of life if you ever be-
come a man. My father left me and
went on deck. l was stunned by the
rebuke and overwhelmed with mortifi-
cation. "A poor, miserable drunken
sailor before the mast, kicked and
cuffed about the world and die in some
fever hospital! That's my fate is it?
I'll change my life and change it at
once. will never utter another oath,
never drink another drop of intoxicat-
ing liquors, never gamble And as
God is my witness l have kept those
three vows to this hour. Shortly after
became a Christian. That act settled
my temporal as it settled my moral
destiny. "-iSclsolar' Companion.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
} 2yO78,0DO 90
1920, 100 90
The Tunnel Beneath the British Chan
mel.

OPERATIONS connected with the SUBJ
marine tunnel have already been COM
menced on the other side of the Channel,
several pits having been sunk to the
depth of about one hundred and ten
yards. At the same time the French
and English committees have definitely
drawn up the conditions of working for
the route. The property of the tunnel
is to be divided In half BY the Length
that 10 TO, ssy, each company will pos
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

1t is not likely that the rattlesnake
will ever become popular reptile to
raise for the market. Public prejudice
is against them, still the price that II
good desirable RATHER goes for is quite
an object. Three were sold at auction
the other day in Charleston, $. c., for
twenty-five dollars each, and auction
rates are generally considered less than
the regular market price.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
A Statement by Sec'y Sherman.
WASHINGTON, Oct. Is

WASHINGTON, Oct. Is.
The following letter from the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, transmitting esti-
mates of appropriations required to
complete the service of the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1873, and of prior
years, has been addressed to the Speak
er of the House of Representatives:
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Oct. Is. 1877.
SIR: Agrceably to the joint resolution of
Congress Of Jan. Z, 1916, have the honor to
transmit for the information of Congress the
estimates of appropriations required for the
military establishment for the service of the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1873, as furnished
by the Secretary of War, together with special
estimates of other deficiencies and reapproori-
ations required by the several executive de-
partments for the current and past fiscal years,
fol- .
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

Complete official returns of the late
election in France have been received from all
voting districts, except the colonies, showing
the following result: Republicans, 314; Con-
servatives, 3O1. Fourteen second ballots are
required.
The Market-Street Savings Bank, of
San Francisco, closed its doors on the 10Th.
The liabilities are small.
The news received in Washington, on
the 10th, indicated the safe and expeditions
removal Of the Sioux Indians % ~ Missouri
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

Sake Holm says: "Women have
perpetual craving to be recognized, to
be admired, and = large part of their
ceaseless chatter is no more nor less
than surface device to call your atten-
ton to them, as little children continue
ally pull your gown to make you look
at them.n
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

RETURNS Of the first seventeen DAYS
of the Mofatt punch have come in from
Richmond. In that time the Rich.
monders drank 1850 glasses Of beer
and ale and 120, 100 Of whisky.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
WASHINGTON, D. c., Oct. Is. 1877.
Col. James B. Eads prints card
tn cOrroct tho ro,,Crf III + h, 30 ,,1urr;r.

Col. James B. Eads prints a card
to correct the report that he is planning
a bridge over the Bosphorus. He says:
when in Constantinople, three years
ago, 1 was requested by the Grand
Vizief to furnish the Ottoman Govern
ment with plans and estimates of the
cost of such a bridge. These were pre-
pared and forwarded about two and a half
years ago, but as a change of ministers
occurred soon after in that Govern
ment, and the grant to improve the
mouth of the Mississippi was passed
by Congress, the subject has received
no further attention from me.''
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

Committee tOtake into consideration the state
Of the law respecting the ascertainment Of the
result Of the elections of President and Vice
President, to confer with like Committee on
the part of the Senate A petition was pre-
sented for increased compensation to letter
carriers.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

1t is but natural that, as the cold
weather arrives, young ladies should
tend toward sparks and flames.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

The number of persons who voted in
France on the occasion of the recent election
was 1,19S,05O-thc largest number voting since
1S+S.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

John Morrissey has been nominated
as the Anti-Tammany candidate for the New
York State Senate, in the Seventh District
the home Of John Kelly, the Tammany Chief
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

The Board appointed to examine the
Washington Monument have decided that the
monument may safely be completed. if certain
additions are made to secure the foundation.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

The Roger Williams monument was
dedicated at Providence, r. l.. few days ago.
with impressive ceremonies, in the presence of
Il large concourse of people.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
EPITOME OF THE WEEK,
Condensed Telegraphic News.
CURRENT PARAGRAPHS.

uet at Birmingham, Eng, on the evening of
the 18th.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

n steamer ut New Haven. Conn, Il
few days ago. was ready to sail for CONSTANT
nopc with also tons of ammunition. valued
AT S2.oooooo, and another vessel was preparing
IA, load
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

s:s a'~s .ss as S Gas; w Fsn's
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01

were tnc IOllOWlnS: 10 amend the oct relative
to vacancies in the Offices Of President and
Vicc-Presidcnt; to alter the time of the cleo
ton Of Presidential Electors, providing that
after the first Monday in October, and shall
meet and cast their votes upon the first
Wednesday in January following; to restore to
the pension rolls the names Of al stricken
therefrOm on account Of dislOyalty. A resO-
luton was adopted instructing the Committee
aries and fees Of Pension Agents, and
also to inquire into the expediency of
abolishing the Pension Agencies. and paying
all pensions i'm Washington. Consideration
was resumed If the motion to discharge the
the further consideration Of the credentials Of
Mr.. Eustis, of Louisiana, and, after discussion,
in which Mr.. Thurman spoke in favor of the
claims of Mr.. Eustis, and Mr.. Davis, of ILL.,
nois, stated that the question involved was
purclya legal one, and he did not want to give
vestigated, the motion was withdrawn, as it
was intimated the Committee would soon re-
port on the subject. Adjourned to the I'D. &.
House not in session
Among the bills introduced and re-
ferred in the Senate, were the following: To
repeal the act providing for the resumption Of
ePccic PayMcuGss " auCuOFlzc Cnc coinage OF
dollar of 4121s grains standard silver; to re-
imburse the State of Kansas for expenses in
Cured by said State in rcpelling invasions and
suppressing Indian hostilities; to divide the
State Of Nebraska into two Judicial Districts;
relating to the transportation of animals. A
resolution was adopted providing for the ap.
pOintment of q Committee to take into c0nsid-
Grafton the state of the law for inspecting,
ascertaining and declaring the result Of
the elections Of President and Vice
President, said Committee to ), have
power to confer and act with like Committt &
Of the House, should one be appointed by this {
body. In the House, the Colorado case was
further debated. Resolutions were adopted
providing for the appointment Of a6elect Com.
mittee Of Eleven TO consider the subjsct Of The
Civ0 Service q The United States; Tor Mn
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1877-11-01
DEPARTMENT REPORTS,

As the several acts of Congress providing
for detailed reports from the different depart
ments Of the Government require their sub
mission at the beginning of the regular an
nual session, defer, until that time, any
further reference to subjects of public interest.
(SigneO r. B. HAYES.