davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

The largest and most complete stock
ofPlumes, Feathers, Flowers, Wreaths,
etc, ever brought to Milan, can now
be seen at Z A Dufy's.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
Pure Blackberry Brandy.

Davie d Co. have received,
direct from the distillery, lot of pure
Blackberry Brandy for medical pur-
poses. Their hollow log" whisky is
also of the very best quality.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Mrs E A Duffy is prepared to cut
and make dresses in the latest styles.
None but the best dress makers em>
ployed. Satisfaction guaranteed.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

A large assortment of Ladies Hats,
trimmed and untrimmed, of the latest
fall styles, just received by E A Duffy.
Prices range from IS cents up.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

RI Robertson is now receiving one
of the largest, most attractive and
cheapest lineof dry goods ever brought
to Milan.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Two frst-rate milch cows, with
young calves can be bought cheap for
cash by applying at this Office.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
New Fall Millinery Goods.

E A Duffy has received a new and
beautiful stock of Fall Millinery goods
all the latest and most fashionable
styles-and invites her lady friends to
call and examine them.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Just received from New York, all
the latest styles of hats, bonnets and
other millinery goods. Will sell as
low as the lowest. o II Hallstrom.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

The largest, best and cheapest
stock of clothing ever offered in town,
is at A. JordaD's. Suits $3.50 to
the finest at $500.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Hallstrom has all the latest and
most fashionable styles of calicoes,
dresss goods, etc. They were bought
for cash, and can be sold rery cheap.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

The mammoth stock of clothing
has arrived and is at A. Jordan's,
where suits of all sizes and prices can
be found.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

A fine line of Ladies and Misses
custom made shoes, just received,
cheaper than can be bought elsewhere
at Robertson's.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Young gents, if you want to save
money and get rich, take your clothes
to Haire, the dyer, and have them
dyed, cleaned and pressed, cheap.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Magnificent line of mems and boys
hats fresh from New York, at Rob-
ertson's.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

A most attractive line of gents Gus
tom made boots and shoes at Robert>
sons.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

DR. Ragland's celebrated Lightning
Relief is a sure cure for Rheumatism
and Neuralgia.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

DIR Ragland's celebrated Lightning
Relief is sure cure for sick and
nervous headache.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Fine Sugar House molasses at
Turner's go and get some of them.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Hale & VanhoOk have moved their
stock of groceries to Williams, Smith
d Co.'S old stand.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Go to Turner's for cheap and good
sugar and coffee.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Go to John Douglass's for fresh,
ice cool lager beer, next door to post
Office.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
Astonishing Success.

1t is the duty of every person who has used
BOsCHEE's GERMAN SYYUP to let its wonderful
qualities be known TO their friends in curing
Consumption. severe Coughs. Group. Asthma /,
Pneumonia. and in fact all throat and lung
diseases: No person can use it without lmme-
and we consider it the duty of all Druggists to
recommend to the poor:dying eonsumptive. at
least to try one bottle, as 40. 900 dozen bottles
was reported. Such medicine as the GERMAN
SYRUP cannot be too widely known. Ask your
Druggist about it. Sample Bottles to try sold
at 10 cents. Regular size 10 cents. For sale
By CoLEY K Dickinson.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Go to Hale 4 Vanhook's and see
the celebrated Kentucky wheat drill.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
From the Humboldt Journal.


A large number of emigrants from
Obion, Gibson, Madison and McNairy
counties to northwest Texas are pass
ing this place daily.
Just as the day was closing on Sat-
urday, gloom was thrown over the
family of Mr. james FARRELL, by the
death of little Sallie an infant of four
summers.
The south>bound passenger train
on the NJ. d o. railroad now arrives
at $40 a. m. and leaves at $3.50,
making connection with the accom-
mediation train to Memphis. The
train going north runs on the. old
schedule.
Revivals of religion are prevailing
extensively over the country. From
every direction the news comes of re-
freshings from the presence of the
Lord. At Nelson's schoolchouse six
miles southeast, at Pleasant Hill,
three miles east and at Shiloh, four
miles northeast, meetings are in pro-
gress with fine prospects of success.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Hale q Yanhook have on exhih-
ton BEsRnan's celebrated wheelhar-
row, warranted not to choke.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Go to Turner'S for good tobacco,
chewing and smoking.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Bargains in boys summer coats at
SOC each at Robertson's.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

A fine selection OF Jewelry for gen.
tlemen and ladies at Z \ Dufy's.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Bargains 4! Bargains Bargains !
Go to Hallstrom's for the cheapest
goods in the market. No mistake.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Turner has undoubtedly the best
groceries in town.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

DR. Ragland's celebrated Lightning
Relief for sale by al Druggist.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

County Claims taken for goods at
D. G. Senter's, at market value.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Ladies' Neck ties in endless variety
at E. a. Duffy's.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
Wheat wanted!

r. J. Robertson will pay the high
est market price for wheat.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
ID. B. Bryant g. Co.

Have re-opened their house and
are now ready to wait on their custo-
mers. Give them a call. They have
a full stock of Fresh New Groceries,
as cheap as any house in town.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

The meeting commenced last Friday
night, and has been increasing in in
terest ever since. Many, hard in the
ways of sin, have asked for the pray
ers of Christians. Excellent preach>
ing and efficient work has been done
by Revs w B Seward, 0 P Parker,
w 7 G Young, W H Leigh and
Others.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

DIR Ragland's celebrated Lightning
Relief, greatest discovery of the age
for the relief of pain.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27

Buy wash lists at this office and
save your clothes.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-09-27
100000 Pounds Cotton Seed
Wanted

Wanted.
Baird & Haun will pay the highest
market price for cotton seed delivered
in Milan. No charge for weighing.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
Ghc NcEark SsalI0wS,

NEW YORK, Feb. ia Newark dispatch
says q paper has boon found in the cell which
was occupied by Ryan, the condemned murder
er, who committed suicide The document ia a
confession which states directly that in fnsr of
the shameful death upon the gallows Ryan had
deliberately committed suicide. In reference
to the crime for which ho was condemned the
statements Of that document sro rather misty
and cvasivc, but those who have had more than
one glance over it aver that it indirectly &C..
knowedecj his completely in the burglary
which came TO Il sudden pause in the shooting
of officer Brock. 1t is thought possible that the
whole thing may hsve been got up by some Of
the officials who are DESTROYS Of washing them
selves OF sill blame in tho probable declaration
that Ryan died of poison so rs to set at rest the
question by whom or how tho poison reached
the wretched being who cheated the gallows.
NEWARK, N. j., Feb. 1.-Two letters in
lead pencil writing have been found in the cell
recently occupied by Oschwsld and Ryan ono
is signed By both and is addre:sad to Tailor
johnson stating that they made efforts to escape
through the WALL but failing they had used the
only means left OF destroying themselves. They
sag they arc innocent of the crime imputed TO
them, and hcpo tha guilty parties may be
brought 10 light. They request the jsilor not to
accuse any person OF furnishing the poison, as
they had it for some time, intending to use i: if
the worst came. The other letter is from Ryan
to his parents asking their forgiveness, reiterst.
ing his innocence. and stating that he died by
his OWL hand
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
FOREIGN News.

A Berlu telegram says that the Powers vii!
not be parties to any forcible measures against
the Porte or authorize Russia to act in their
behalf, but observe "a benevolent neutrality,
SO long as Russia pursues 10 selfish ends that
will teod to impair the balance Of power Ia
Europe. 1t was stated by the Government in
the House Of Commons yesterday that Eng.
lands time Of answering depends upon the
course Of events; it was desirable to first kaow
the views Of the other Powers. ln reply to
questions from Mr.. Gladstone, the Secretary OF
State for War yesterday said he could not
agree that Turkey should be left III the coid
yet, saldled with the obligation OF treaties.
10 the British grain markets white wheat yes
terday showed an advance Of I'd. to Sd. and red
Id. per GENITAL. Corn also was u shade better.
The French Government has submitted to
the Chamber of Deputies i proposition TO ap.
propriate one hundred thousand dollars for the
purchase by the State Of silk fabrics ia Lyons
ia order tc give work aud relief TO the suffer.
ing operatives who have been thrown out Of
employment 10 that city.
\ dispatch from St. Petersburg says that all
Russian nunneries have received riders to send
delegations Of nurses to the Pruth.
A coup d'ctat is expected at Constaptinor!e,
ard Midhat Pasha's return is probable.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
Letter from, Richmond.

correspondence of the Alexandria Gazettc.l
RICHMOND, Feb. lG, ISL, as we'll as
a good maoY other people. vas Of the opinion
that slavery 20 logger existed in the broad
dominion Of the American continent over
which The stars aud stripes banner extends lis
folds, but | find that l have lived 10 error. l
met gentleman to-day, fresh from Florida,
the State which gave its votes for Hayes for
President. He Informs me that the Florida
Indians who live in the sWamps there are large
slave owners. Some of them have negro slaves
whom they bought or stole some years before
the war. They enjoy the idea Of owning ne
grocs, and understand arc rigid task-masters.
As to whether the negroes are satisfied or not
l cannot say. The u. s. Government has
never yet been able 10 penetrate these swamps
and Iiberate The colored brethren. 1t appears
to me that Mr.. Hayes, whose only regret was
for the poor negro, will have plenty Of work on
his hands 10 the Florida swamps, should he be
imposed upon the American people.
In the Senate, to-day Mr.. Hinton presented
| Joint resolution Tor the adjournment of the
| General Assembly sine die on the 24th of Feb
ruary. The resolution was rejected. The Leg
sIature has no thought Of adjourniog yet.
Indeed, no one has suggested night sessions
yet, and this is done usually about month
before The adjournment.
| Senator Flnney to-day presented a resolu-
ton REQUESTING the Committee on Federal Re-
lations to inquire into The cxpedcncy of report
ing bill authorizing the Governor to appoint
some one ia this State to act with a suitable
person from the State OF Maryland to fix and
define the boundary line between Virginia and
Maryland, as recently determined and report
ed by the commissioners appointed to arbllrate
this boundary line. The resolution wa:
adopted.
! TIE Governors message in relation TO The
| Chesapeake and Ohio railroad was referred to
the Committee on Roads.
The following card appears ID the Wing TIL:
morning
EaJFOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF
Observation-Disclosures aud aborers; A new
election can make Conkling and Stuart Chief
Magistrates Of purified Republic; harmoniou:
and hopeful people. T. E. CHAMELIss,
Oak Grove, Brunswick county.
February IL, 1871
Mr.. Chambliss is wcIk1oWn farmer and
granger, and has always manifested com
merdable interest ia the politics Of bis country:
His head is level on the purified republic. y
| We want il inst now.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
The Oregon DisDutcii.

NEW York, Feb. ia Washington spe-
clal to the Tribune reports that Abram S.
Hewitt, Chairman of the National Democratic
Committee, has asked the Senate committee
which has been engaged in deciphcring the
Oregon dispatches to allow him to make state
mcnt concerning his knowledge Of those dis
patches. 10 substance that statement will be
that he knew nothing of the dispatches which
passed between Patrick, Senator Kelly, Geo.
s. Miller, ". I. Peton and others touching
the purchase Of a republican elcctor in Oregon
until he saw them in newspapers. II there
was any plot to purchase an elector, or to use
money in any illegal way, it was wholly con.
ceaIed from him. The sole object Of the dis
patches which he sent to Oregon, aud which
have been printed, he says, was to enable the
democrats to take advantage OF any technical
point in their favor in the Oregon case by
mcaus Of which they mig hit force the repub!i
cans to make 40 examination Of the cases in
the SnutECrl States,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
News of the DAY,

A we'll Known livery stable keeper in Balu.
more, named William Wilson, has disappeared
from that city, and people TO whom he IS H.
debted to the amount of twenty thousand dol
lars are unable to determine his Whereabouts.
The woman lately murdered at Jefferson,
Texas, is supposed By some to have been Mrs
Kirby who left her husband in Baltimore last
fall and ran away with a man named Ferguson,
who is supposed to be her murderer.
The President yesterday approved the bill
providing for deficiency iu the appropriation
for the public printing and binding, and which
reduces the compensation OF compoSitora from
sixty cents to fifty cents per Thousand ems and
forty cents an hour for time work.
Dr.. Robert Crockett, one of the oldest and
most respected citizens Of Wythevlle died
last Sunday. He was a man that had attained
more than three score years, aud had always
since his earliest manhood, occupied proml,
nent position as physician. tie represented
Wythe more than once 10 the Legislature.
Last Thursday night an engine on the Ene
railway, at the crossing near Middetowu: N.
y, struck carriage containing a young lady
banned Mary Bodeu, of Turner'S and young
man named Isaac Baxardale. of Monroe. The
lady was thrown against telegraph pole and
instantly killed. Mr.. Baxardales 81 ulI vas
fractured, aud his Injuries are believed 10 be
mortal
The House Committed on Military Affairs
yesterday voted to recommend the passage Of a
bill offered by Mr.. Banning, Of Ohio, pro7id
ing that there shall be no new cnllstmenls 10
the army until the force Of enlisted men shall
have been reduced to 10000 aud requiring
| the Secretary of War to reduce the number Of
| cavalry regiments to eight and the plumber Of
| infantry regiments to sixteen.
The suit of Henry H. Body vs. Samue
J. Tildeu and others for accounting and re
payment 90 alleged pool transactions on Galcn'
and Chicago stock 10 1864 was dismissed by
Judge Sedgwick 10 the Superior Court, New
York, special term, yesterday, as against MT
Tiden, on the ground OF the statute OF lmlla
tons, but with regard to the defendant Ogden
who resided 10 Illinois, the court would con
slider the matter after proof was in next Mon
day.
In the matter Of the ST. Louis Mutual Lift
Insurance Company. Judge Wickham, at st
Louis, Yesterday, entered final decree for
ever declaring it from further prosecuting bus
| iuess, and turning all its property over to tn
receivers recently appointed. All claims agalns
the company may be presented to the court b.
petition, after which they will be referred E
Judge Thomas r. CAN'T, who has been ap
pointed special referee to determine all S1cI
| demands
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
Governor HAYES.

New YORK, Feb. ia correspondent at
Columbus: who says he was the Lrst to apprise
Gov. Hayes Of the tribunals decision in the
LGuisnn. case, reports that Gov. Hayes ex-
pressed his thanks Tor the courtesy, and quietly
remarked that the indications were certainly
very encouraging to the republicans He exhi-
bited no sign otemotion when the announcement
was made. The executive Office was soon filled
with friends Ci the Governor who called to ex-
press their congratulations. A stream OF con-
gratulatory kilograms from al sections Of tho
country has been received by Gov Hayes this
evening
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
fHv 'rclcnrauh.l

NEW YORK, Feb. l1.--StCcks nct,ye. WA. ~.
unsettled feeling. Money 3. Gold 10. h.',
ernments dull and stoady. Flonr G'"a: 49,
steady. Wheat quiet and firm. Corn cunt ''h'
unchanged.
BALTIMORE, Fcb'y. l1.-Virginin ia, Oh, :
do. deferred Z; Vlrginiss. conso Idat"d, ~; o..
"a series 81. Cotton dull ; midding II f ..'.
very strong and quiet; bushes rrstrc,,li ~
limited offerings and lrmnc:s OF holders. Wh@s,
firm; No. . Western winter rel ~; -. d.. .
Chicago spring l42; Penns red I3jHlt); "".'
land red prime l54al5s; do. "nD0r ~ ''
white l50al57. Curn-SoutherE strong "'..''
and higher; Western opened active 'id s-.'' :.
but closed easier; Southern white 'ia2. '.
yellow j3ajG!; Western nike! Sp2; ,',t....
March Sc; April 81 steamer ~ "a: f'.'
and steady; Southern prime 4Ial2: wet.
white 4la12. Rye nomns!ly lu"1;5; H'''t'
Seed dull, heavy and unchanged H.'--Ey' :
grades firm low dull and heavy M"'y' -:
and Penns prime l5iSl1. Conce 4"r' rr@
steady and unchanged. sugar more ~" - SD
firm at IL. Whiskcy dull al II g.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
PUBLISHED DAILY AND TREWEEhLf b
EDGAR SNOwDE
ALEXANDRIA, SATURDAY, FEB. Il.
The readers of the Gazette we're not sur

The readers Of the Gazette were uot sur
prised, last evening, when they read the dis
patch from Washington stating that the Elec-
toraI Commission had refused to consider any
evidence bearing upon the election mi the State
of Louisiana, and had decided that the way TO
determine the vote Of that State was TO open
and count the certificates signed by Mr.. Wells
and his returning board. They were not surpris-
ed because they had been told daily that such
would be the result since the Commission en-
tered its orders in the Florida case. Az the
Commission, By the vote Of Justice Bradley
who voted precisely the opposite way In the
Florida case-iecided that they will not receive
any evidence to show that any elector was 10
eligible 90 the 9TH of November, the day OF
the election, on the ground that it was not es-
seutial to show that an eector was eligible on
that day SO long as he was eligible when be
cast his vote in the electoral college, the
Oregon case is already disposed Of, aud SO all
interest 10 the farce has ceased, and the million
white majority Of the voters of the country, who
cast their ballots for MIR. Tilden, arc compla.
Gently awaiting the consummatlon OF the fraud
on the 9Th proximo, when Mr. Hayes will be
quietly iuauguratcd The democrats elected
their candidate for President fairly, but finding
that thew would not be allowed to inaugurate
him, agreed, as the best thing that could be
done under the circumstances, 10 leave the case
to the disposal Of a tribunal. the honor and H.
tegrity Of the deciding portion Of which they
had, from their infancy been led to respect and
conide in The result has proved that the
confidence and respect were sadly misplaced'
and that at least three Of the members OF
the Supreme Court Of the nation are actuated
by no higher motives that those which contro
the action Of the iaost dapravcd shyster o! the
police courts, aud that they have decided as
important au issue ~ vas ever lett to arbltrl'
ment upon bubbles and technlcalltles, scout
Ing the idea, vainly entertained by the people
Of the cou1try, that the question they had be-
fore them was 10 determine whether hlr. Hayes
or Mr. TiIden had received the ma orlty OF the
votes cast Ga the eth Of November. 1t MIR.
Hayes can not aeoep. the presidency without q
flaw IN the Legitimacy Of dis title to It, ne VIII
not be inauguratcd.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17

Chief Justice Church, of the Court of APP
peals Of the State Of New ! ork, maintains with
renewed carucstuess that neither the Electoral
Commission nor Congress has power 10 60 be.
hind the properly authenticated electoral vote
of State. He says that such an act would
forever destroy the old time aud time honored
democratic doctrine of the rights Of States as
guaranteed by the Constitution. No democrat
deaies this, but many Of them forget that the
authenticated electoral tickets of Florida and
Louisiana would have been 10 favor Of Tden
if Gen. Grant had not sept troops to those
States and prevented the people there from
enforcing their demands for a fair count.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
Illegal Voting.

CINCINNATI, o., Feb. l7.-Epb. Holland
who was arrested for illegal voting, 10 his state
ment published to-day, says he had man from
Chicago named Burns with gang Of II men,
and man named Fairchild, from Pittsburgh,
with eight men, and Mike Clemson, from New
York, with eighteen men, who cast 10 all about
five hundred votes He received 1000 from
the democratic committee and was promised
more from Individual politicians who failed to
give him the money.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17

A Times Washington special says AT The
Cabinet meeting, held yesterday, the Louisiana
case was discussed at considerable length, and
it is understood that it was decided to officially
and fully recognize the Packard government.
It is believed, however, that this recognition
will not occur until after the Presidential count
has been made,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1877-02-17
Foreign News.

- LIVERPOOL, Feb. 1.-the Courier asserts
that the Duke d Edinburgh, fer domestic
reasons, has resigned the command Of Her
Majesty steamship Sultan and is returning 10
England.
CoNsTANTINopLE. Feb. l7.-Itis stated that
10 consequence Of fresh dispatch from the
Grand Vizer, urgisg the expediency Of con-
duclng here the negotiations between the
Porte and Montenegro, Prince Nicholas has
assented to the proposal, announcing that be
will Immediately send delegates to Constant
nople.