The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-05-05
Constantinople S Gates.
DEFENsgs OF THE ANCIENT CHRISTIAN
METROPOLIS

which still bears his name IN the Ian
guage Of all Christendom, Is called by
the Turks, who have possessed IT 423
years. S.amboul or Istamboul This Is
a corruption Of the three Greek words.
some think. which meal. TO the City.
and which were Of course frequently
heard. referring tn the capita Of the
Empire. anon. the provincial aud rural
subjects OF the Byzantine reign An
cient Byzantium WAS founded hy Ne
garian Greek colony, IN the seventeenth
century before Christ. 1t WAS the Oh
ject Of many Strenuous conflicts between
the Greeks ard pcr-itns, and, later ne
tween the Srartans, Athcnians and
Macedonians. but fell under the con-
quering power If Rome. before the
commenceme i OF our era.
In the year A. ID $50, the first
Christian Empire Of Rome founde! the
august city. which remained about
! 900 years the Christian metropoh. Of
the East. and which has now been Tor
four centuries the seat of the Ottoman
rule During half the thirteenth cen
fury it was hold by the Western Crusa-
tfl N'ifbfE fIiItS t'l ~ othNts
supported by the naval power II Ven
ice; hut il vas recovered by the Greeks.
who defended il 300 years against their
Mohameian foes II might even III the
fifteenth coutury. have been preserved
to Christian Europe but for the civil
wars in France and England, Which
pre- vented the Kings Of these nations
from joining III All effort t. rrpel the
Turkish INVASION The siugularly con-
venient AMI beautiful position # the
famous city. at the southern H.pu'h of
the Btsphorus. on a promltory over
looAiug the land locked sea If Marmora.
has often been remarked Our readers
Will also remember that If Is separated
hy the inlet IF the Golden Horn from
Pera and Galata. the two Christian
suburbs. the form of which is the
abode of European residents or visitors,
and the latter Of Greek subjects of the
Sultan. On the opposite, or Asiatic
shore of the Bosphorus. is the purely
Turkish town Of Scuatar!.
StamhouI is entirely surrounded by
walls If brick and stone, l,id in alter
nate courscs. with circuit of nearly
thirteen miles. constructed 10y the an
cIent Roman empcrors OF the East.
Two-,hirds of the wall runs along the
waters edge, on the shores ct the sea
If Marmora. from the Scve1 Towers 10
Sersglio Point. the Bosphorns and The
Golden Horn. The remaining portion.
which forms a triple rampant behind.
cross the promontory occupied hy
Stamboul. was fortified witt, many tow
ers. a,fordlng y variety of examples of
medirval castellated archii, cture. hat
now exhibiting series Of picturesque
ruins
There used 70 be seven gates on the
land side If the city. twelve gates on
the Golden Horn and iiar bor, and seven
locking towards the sea IF Marmora.
but some have been walled up. The
Turkish word for gate" is "kapou or
"kaHou>i" Tie first # them. lcdi
kq,leh or the Gate OF the Seven
Towers, is situatrd AT the south
west corner # the city. near
near the angle formed by the shore OF
the Sea of Marmora with the landward
Qualifications on the western side IL
opens 10 the Armenian AMI Greek Gem
,tcri.s. with the hospitals belonging 10
those religious aud nationsl commuui-
,leS TIE Seven Towers. or the Marble
Tower. Is their only remnant. The
neS, gate in our list Is Esri kapon, the
Crook al Gate. also called the tharsian.
from the GrccIan architect tharsIa, or
tle Bulgarian ,,atc. which Is likewise
ou the west side Of the city II MAS by
,hi. gate that the Emperor Jus,lnian
made his triumphant entry into Con
Stantiuoplr \ little Ia the north IT 1t
!, Edreue kapousi. the Gate Of Adrian
ople, upon the road leailng - that ian
portaut city, W hich Is TIE second 4 Eu-
rap-sn Turkey IL political tauh. aud
which VAS tie seat IT Ottoman domin-
lsn mauy years before the capture If
60. Stant.nop.e IN lijj Nevla3ch Yen,
kaiou>i. or the New Gate ot the Ne
lauii. l. not vCTS remarsAbsc- All these
gates arr on the land side Il thc CITY
and >o /, the >clymhfian t,Ate. ~i.ivfl
hatsou~i The >guail :onn e >,l;vy..
aut t.en,ly called Stlymar.a, l. ou tie
shore of the sea 1t MsfnaTs. forty
antics we>, # tos.s!Au'Inoris. Jn>t ont
.i.!.. this cat are tAe toiab> 4 Al
ps,ha of Jau.n. thc jegoc.,tl. Albanian
.vr.u.. a,.d ef Gt> >oa>. l..hg.trd "a
l>.e Tue >.tnatis hspeu~,. rr >an'!-
l,4us Cat. = aa ibr >.a = a.. tie i"p
X 81 isuu,i. ur t.auas t+at~. = Crtc.':sa sais-i
ln history a. thr ga" e - X 't'4a2ns-
Il hul !, 'br crafrs, plsee !" ihr ;1pie
l...,. # ,ItN E, t,...t.eu~ Ha ts''- WESTERN
s...sh IA