The weekly herald. [volume] (Cleveland, Tenn.) 1876-1888, 1877-03-29

and produce, before we reach the factory
The sail, the mine, commerce and manu-
features, all find employment to supply
The Clark Thread COmpany's works, and
when they stop the cotton may bloom
and fall u%nplucked, the csal miner may
starye cons bed OF black diamonds, the sail.
on the rivers be spread TO the breeze nc
more, and the lathes in a hundred shops
be left to rust in silence. The manufac
ture Of Clark's 80. n. T." Spool cotton
embraces the islands of the Fea and pen.
etrates the bowels of the earth, utilizing
the treasures of wealth on every hand
%enriching and blessing mankind at every
step, from the womb of ages to the spin.
dies at Newark. We will now examine
into the immediate sources of the power
which drives the endless machinery Of
this vast hive of industry, with its sixty
miles of betting and about seventy mile;
OF steam pipe for heating purposes.
WE ENTER THE ENGINE HOUSE,
itself large enough for an ordinary fac.
tory. Here is a mighty production Of
human brain and Drawn. In the presence
of this monster, with its majes.i c tread,
one feels his own insignifcance and irail-
ty. This vast piece of machinery, NOV
ing silently, save the sharp click Of the
improved steam c~ut-offs, is equal in pow
er to the combined draft of six hundred
horses, and is two engines in one, usually
termed a double engine. The hy.wheel,
travelling at the rate of forty-eight revo.
buttons per minute and carrying three
huge belts on its surface, each two feet
wide, is seventy-eight feet in circum-
ference, twenty-five feet in diameter,
and weighs thirty tons or sixty thousand
pounds. The shaft is fourteen inches in
thickness, thedouble cylindersare twenty
six inches in diameter, with condenscrs,
and q stroke offive feet. They were built
by Corliss, in 1874. Oneof the three belts
on the hy-wheel is one hundred and fifty
feet in length. Butt even this double mon
ster could not run the works. 1t has a
big twin brother, and together they travel
every day for ten hours on their endless
journey, and never get tired. They are
wonders of power and elegant workman
ship, worthy of a visit from any one who
wants TO zee the
BIGGEST PAIR OF TWINS
in New Jersey. They are supplied with
steam from nine immense tubular boilers
and four large upright boilers, COrllss'
plan. They consume twenty five tons of
coal per day, which will give some idea of
the amounted steam necessary to drivethe
immense establishment. Besides these
there arc three ordinary sized engines,
made by Watts, Campbell d Co. of New.
ark, in different parts OF the works, max
ing seven in all, a grand total of nearly
fourteen hundred horse power. The
young mountain of coal, which looks
enough to last the whole city a year, is
rebuilt by two hundred and fifty ton boat
loads, at brief intervals.
MANUFACTURING THE THREAD.
The cotton is brought in bales to the
mixing rooms, when it is examined and
placed in bins, according to the different
grades, ready for the scutching machines,
which open and beat the material, clean
ing il from the dirt and sand it contains
in the bale. After going through the
scutching machine, it comes out in the
shape Of a roll, like wall. paper, compare
lively soft, white and clean. 1t is, how
ever, really in a very rough state, COM
pared with the t~ineness and perfection
that is to be reached. Several of these
scutching machines are running c|ontinu-
ally, and their sound is like the roar of a
lightning express train, as it whirls past
the platform where you stand. The first
scutcher is fed with the bale cotton from
ahopper which letsit through into knives
set in large rollers, which revolve with
tremendous force and lightning speed,
picking the cotton into small pieces, and
passing it by suction of air, on to other
rollers between which it goes and comes
out in the shape of a web or clap in
large rolls. Four of these rolls are then
placed upon a machine like the first and
run together through the same process of
PICKING AND BEATING AND CLEANING,
when itcOmesoutagain in the same shape
as before, rolled to exactly the thickness
which it is desired to make the "sliver"
from which the thread yarn is to be spun.
What a "~sliver" is will be learned further
on. The machine is 70 delicatelyset that
it regulates the thickness of the web or
lap to within half an ounce, in a web of
five feet, weighing only twelve to eighteen
ounces. After being put through three
%scutching machines in this way and COM
ing out with eight thicEnesseI of web or
lap similar to that produced by the first
process, it is ready for the carding ma
chine. This department is filed with
Carding Machines, Drawing Frames, Lap
pers, and Combing Machines, a perfect
labyrinth of betting, pulleys and machin.
cry, the noise of which is like the roar Of
many waters mingled with the clattel of
a thousand wheels. One of the large
rolls of web or lapthat came from the last
scutching machine is placed on a carding
machine, which takes and runs it
BETWEEN THE TEETH
of a large and small cylinder for the pur-
pose of drawing out the ~entangled foers
and laying them parallel or in the same
line of direction and also to remove the
small pelliclesor notes which may havees-
capped theaction Of the scutching machine
After being treated in this way, a comb.
or or dofler takes the web from the small
cylinder, which is now q delicate gauze;
and it is gathered up and passed through
a small hole, say halt an inch in size, after
which il is coiled in a revolving can. The
whole process is one of wonderful delica-
cy, the material being so finely worked
that a breath of air would break it. This
card contains ninety thousand square
teeth to a foot, or a total of four million
onehundred and e~ighty-six thousand. On
the carding machine is a little joker that
works like some old man, raising the
wire.covered flats from the teeth Of the
carder, which it cleans, and throws of
the PARTICLES Of dirt and coarse cotton
left on them. Six OF the
TIN CANS CALLED CARD sLIvERs,
- II II III ...n1 49, .,... 4,l.a.,