Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1877-07-18
Russian Action in Asia Minor.
TRANSLATED IRON rus RUSSIAN.

A little more than month has passed since the
declaration Of war. In the meanwhile, the diyi-
sion Of the Russian army acting on the Turkish
border has already accomplished more than in
former times was accomplished after two OF
three successful campaigns. The conquest Of the
Province Of Kars, with the exception Of the city
itself, is complete, and soldiers messengers and
carriers pass through the country as safely AZ
through the government of Tiais Our flying
squadrons go freely to Van, ETH and Saganlug,
and our main forces are disposed between Kari
and Sagaulug, amongst the settlements How IL
such a success-unexpected for all those who arr
in the least degree acquainted with the milItar,
history of the conquered country-to he ex.
planned? It cannot be said that the enemy lacked
soldiers, OF that they were badly armed. Tn,
arms and ammunition taken in battle were OF thu
first quality; both the quantity aud quality Of
what we captured show that Turkey was not
taken by surprise The number Of tents in the
enemy's camp and information obtained from
foreign newspapers, agreeing as ii does, with tn,
Information obtained by our spies, shows that the
numbers Of the Turkish army were very respecta-
BILE indeed Now the question arises, why was
the Province of Kars so quickly and easily occu-
pied by our forces, notwithstanding these salts
factory conditions Of defense2' This question
has occupied me for some time, and wish to de-
vote to it the present letter.
In time of war, portions of the enemy's terri
tory are occupied by the invader The defeat OF
the enemy, however, is only one part Of the prob
lem, and by no means the most important In
comparaby more force attention and expense L.
necessary to guard the communications Of the
conquering army. Soldiers must have provisions
and uninterrupted connection with the central
power. This connection must be kept free from
all attack. On entering an enemys territory, an
army IL obliged at almost every step to detatch q
portion Of ts force; whole battalons and regi-
ments are required to guard the rear. The further
a division goes from its point of departure, the
more II must lose and the weaker IL becomes.
Besides the forces left at given points, every ff-
teen twenty versts, at every position and AT
every cross-road II is necessary to leave troops In
greater or less numbers to look after transports
couriers and oiicials-sometimes whole regiments
are necessary to insure the transport of biscuits
or few boxes of ammuniton-while the enemy
: is only obliged to have flying squadron Of few
hundred cavalry. In addition to this, the uncer
tainty as to what may be done in the rear Is sur,
to neutralize large forces. In a European war
when the population takes almost no part in til,
r struggle, the army has only to guard against tn,
enam,,s cavalry mr. a,,i,,, .o,adrons Snoh l. no.
-, onr ro.i,ion in Tho ,ia,i, ,hoa,r, ~ ,,, ,,toro
i,densndan, ~ ,h, r.,,,,I md ;ro,,,,,. -. j.,
the enemv i, il n.,assary -, ,oLo in., aooorn
tho local inbabi,an,. ox,;,ad 10, ,a,,nion ,,na,i
cis,ns read, IN breaL out a, an, ,,ooa,, ,,til,
b besides the regular and great war, has the powe
!, of comn,encinr one in6nitelv more daryerous-
: small parti.an war-sncb war AZ Nanoleon
was nnahle IN moo, in sr,ir he ,ybn in one d.y
: laid lou sroh ,o,,ars a. p,n..;a ,,d ,,s,.i, ~,
acting column had 10 do o,,,h srch ,,,l;,.r, ,on
a,on a. tho ,diar. "a. t;a,,,,a,,a,,,i a.
y. The emigrant Circa.s,.n. nnnria,ions which IN,
,e, barsoif ,o,,Id NO., - rto,a IT.. ,,,,
.carceIv no said "a ,he, T,rl,a, and liyod M, r,l
!. harry ,ndor ,bo ,or,, ,,,sas ., ,ha oo,,,ondar,
" Kars Ardab,n ana rrvernrr Atter cnnn,;n
. rho rag,lar ro,,er NJ tho o,o,,, I, uo. rooossar
: m ,aLe into aooo,n, ,ho ,n,,ar of ,ha.o ,ao,I.
= da,aaro,. in tho hi,,ho., ao,roo ord ,a,'ra-,,,
M, a grea, number If ,,er.ons hostile 10 pn..ia
. Is2s 1s2e 1s53and 1sss Ibave M idaa bo,y II,
,onnlation in Enroneon rurkev ia Distressed
,rese,, I'm, ;,d.,;r,, M, u,ho, sou, In u,,i,,ari
IN 1883 and ,shat have ra.d in na,y.n.uers
horid ,hi,l ,ho, tho ,ao,io ara. ,,r.,,,,d I, =,
t,oro,har n, taos, II, Iar,o ,,,,..,o, :, -,
bi,. w,,h rho ,o,yar en,or,n,, ,h.ir ,ar,i,.'r,.
= ,no,, no., a,ha, h,, ha,,,a,,o, .ooa,,l h,, tl,,o
H.. i; ,v.o .La. ..'a,,Io.., .L.,,'.',, u,,..i
" -. ,,,..,.t,,a.,t..., -, 49,.
IN roos,,ras and ha,,ar ,,,,;,i,.
,.ond,,ion In p,l,oria ,hsoo,n,,ni,,, -, .o,,,,i.
y "a 80 -.
:, ,,i, ,.,.sa,' -. a.. - -,
~ o,a.rI, ,ha ,.;,iar ha.a rho ,o,,,i,,i.,,, ~
no, h.'rnd =, -. H., -, .,a 49, na
Z ,ho ,r,,,o,,,,,, ~ ,.,.,,, an, -, H.. -
,i,,, :, ~, p.a.,,,, p. 49,. ,,,..,.,,a,al
. ,ar,, ra,a,od ,o ~. h., r,,inio. a,,d ,ha ,
;,r. WIN M tho nrese,, no,na,, have No, In
|, their Georpiau lanyuaoe tbongh tbev have In,
a since hesn hropgbt into rho N,hommedan fol,
- can nresert fo, me- a feId of ouera,ion
=, I, ,,a..i,o d, tho fao,. uhib Iba,.o s,,o,aod.
in coIl.ctint, with re.,a ri n, tho ,aos ,al,a, ho
-, h, o,r niii,ar,, a,,,hori,ia. In ird,in,r ,ha Loo
nnr,l.,i,n 10 ,i,a ~ ma, IN oo,;,o .,-si.,a,,,o
~ least neu,,olit, ye INNS, er.t of an ,aLo in
% account tho ur1c,an,a,io, oi,en III, M. ui,b,as
tho vicaro, Of tho Ca,cosns % ,bo l,,oi ,',,.,,t
,io, ,ho, ,hai, ii,... a,l ,ro,,o,,,, ,,o,lI t 40
: n ,be,, onie,Iy y;eIded ohodiencc whono,ar +,
y a,tered a mace ,a,.r ,yas ,,i,er =, tho AHA,
:, ,ho ,,ii,aa In ,lth I, .. d,io,o1 ,i. H. 4,
n hob;,ou,s ho,,i,, .ho,.n ,toir .,,,,lio,ao =. %.
., apthoritv must tbe,efore have the henaet
" o,r la,ys and ,hat ova,, ,rtr;n,,a,,o,,,
:, their RIGHTS would he punisbed win tho utmo
rigor In tbe VILLAGES where tho inbohitan
stru.,lsd AGAINST NJ their bouses ware de.,ro,,e
Tho numher ot sucb neonIe mn 10 tho nroso
time /. very small indeed rho second r,oasn
ia navino Tor every,bin, in reody monav pasl.
,;tch ,,ho trst adon,eJ tbis sys,em II, 1893 a,
VI ,soo has vary li.elv done mora IN snreod pn.si
II aomin,or In A.ia uiror hr nj. meme ,ha,
IL bis DARING and successful marches and hrill;o
~ ,i,,ria. Man, trar.,or. tas,i,, tho, Il, -,
D. ond o-,o, r,,co. in ,s;a,i. r,,r,a,. 81
u rrr,,s ain nr,iso ,ha prssiors sa,ir, ,hat 81,
H. ,r,,,,o mo- ana ana ,,o, ,,ho~.it, ,or oor,,,ti,
d 49, mi -, 49,, ni.a,-. -, p"
10 ,,,, ,oxo =. ,.rs H. ,,o,, h.o,, It'll. IL
u a.a.,oa ,t - ~.
OF H.. ,.s-,,' ,1..,i,'o1 .i"a s,,' y.
III -. =, a,.or.,,I-,,,, I'D l., ,,,a -
es - 'hiat .ha 49,, ,,I;,raa - -
ne H. i.Iarisa,,, &c., .,,,,..,ri,, -, -
IN -. 49, ,.I -, .o,, t.,
ne 49,. g., h,I, rhlo. am, =.
nj T., ,ho ,i,,a,o. ,or ,ho sau,o an,o,,,,, ~
IL r, 80 D., III. ,,,,,.;,i,. - -