The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-03-26

panied by the chief aad ton OF bis people, startst
afoot northwestward. Keeping as closely ss thu
OF the bushes aud the would per
init 60 tho Lukusa, observed that the trend Of the
watercourscs and northwest TO south
and south-southeasteriy. After march OF a couple
OF hours came to Eiwan village, where tho road
from Monyis to Uuguvwa and Luwelezi CT ossed the
LuKuga. At Elwan we augmented our party With
two Of the villagers then descended by gentle slope
TO tho Mtwans At The base OF the Slope came 10
the bed occupied by the Kbamba and Lukuga The
former was small sluggish stream with a trend
southeastcrly. Crossing this We came 10 the dried
bed Of periodical river whether II should be called
the Lukuga the kibamba II would bc difficult 10
say. PROSTATE and wthercd water cane showed
that the now OF tho water In tho season
was lakcward. few yards further on we
came 10 where this bed 6rst became moist, with
dense growth OF water cane fourshing and checking
all progress, except by the well trodden path, which
through tunnels caused by the water
embracing above our heads Our way now wal
through what might he called a swamp, over &
firm path OF DARK brown cayey mud. then through
shallow hoiows, with water up to the anslcs, which
now and then dcepened to the knees Finally
rived IN tho middle OF the Mitwansi, and Kays-
Nyange halted TO point out triumphantly the water
flowing indisputaby westward The water up to
into 1t found It to DO only 6s deg Fahrenheit, about
deg cooler than the Lukura Creek. BY pressing the
canc down with our feet to allow free passage for
tho water, the how perceptibly quckened. Borne by
two men, | crossed over until stood on the other
bank and observed that the cane-choked bed
was very uneven Sometimes the water deep
that the sank to the hips but the depth
was about eighteen inches. Trees, now dead In The
centre oil the bed which proved the statement OF the
native true, that not long ago the Mwans tract was
dry enough to nourish taarnd trees This last rainy
season has changed u now tor since ITS termination
the tract has become inundated, and continual
flow has been observable. Tho Lukuga clings 10
this bed until 1t passes the KIganja Ridge when It be.
comes known as tho Luind (somc call It tho LrmbD,
which, flowing by Mikcto's Land, passes through Ka.
lumbi's IN Rua, and cmpties into the Kanalondo, q
tributary of the Luaaba. This road ford, II must
now be called. Is daily traversed by men, women and
children, who require to from one bank 10 the
other and Is about three miles northwest umba
or six miles from Mkampcmba
THE RESULTS ATTAINED
The result OF four days experiments and investga-
lions and Inquiries proves that tho
end OF the Mitwansi tract, which may DO called .
marsh or an oozc, wing and abyorbing n large
quantity of water pressed against It by tho daily south
east wind. there Is no current, but that, tho
tho already repleted ooze on the wind subsding
turn to the lake; that tor the space Of two miles from
the southeast end Of the Mtwans tho entire bod from
bank 10 bank IS cnokcd by immovabo mudbanks en-
closing stagnant pools and stream-lko expanses OF
water, edged round with impenctrablc growths Of
papyrus plants that at the third mile, where the
ancient acusrine deposit IS OF n nrner quality, and
waor replaces the papyrus. there frs. becomes
discernible oozc. trickle and a flow westward.
which, proceeding westward the base OF tho Kvauja
ridge, is attracted to one proper channel aud ap-
proaches the dignity OF river, when II becomes
known as the Iuindi
HOW ALLuviAL DEPOSITS MADE.
This MitwansI is tract of alluval deposit, and II
(which the end Of April to the middle OF Novem.
Der prevail from tho southcas and feeble
OF the former afuent Lukuga Tho current, NAV be
expected from tho limited area It drained, mot
daily during nearly seven months annually by the
waves OF the lake. which encroached yearly nearer
and to It's source. and the dctral matter which
would have been borne into tho lake by a stream Of
greater force was deposited amid the papyri This
plant hourshcs in still water and agoons
In quiet beads OF rivers and once 1t has thoroughly
obtained root Il becomes almost as ,mmova.
bio as forest. As the waters OF the lake
advanced with its annual rise they destroyed
Of tho Lukuga current, and tho water plants
and other organic debris floating down tho stream
no sooner felt tho influence OF the lake wind than
they heapcd up amid these papyri; other
debris borno direct from tho lake, such floating
canewood, earthly matter from tho banks and the bar,
were pressed against them, sometimes thrown among
them. SOIL sand, decomposing vegetation sunk on
them, bore them down with their weight, and thus tho
process OF enombng tho earlier debris created finally
tract OF cayey mud and ooze, out OF which a lnxu-
growth of papyrus shot their brushliko heads
dense a field OF corn.
While tho Lukuga was river IL will be seen that
there was constant precipitation OF dctrita matter
and steady accumulation of Il locality until
the river became annihilated, and only It's bed.
filled by the creek, aud the small tributary streams
mark its former course
Since the Tanganyika has risen to tho level OF the
Observation-Disclosures this year, last year or two years
ago matters not much which--a change must
be looked for, and with the advance OF years
this change will become more decided and posi-
tive. Tho mud and ooze with the papyrus Of the
Mtwnnsi is too feeble obstacle to resist the rising
floods received each year by the Tangnnyika, while
there is steep slope at the end ready to
ceve the surplus water the consequence will be that
five years hence perhaps little later, cfIucnt will
be formed of magnitude and force, Tor tho fiat OF
Nature has conc orth to the Tanganyika. "Thus hign
shalt thou RISE and no higher"
In which results. SO patiently attained, no
opposition to Lieutenant Cameron's claiming tho
honor OF the discovery, but n simple reconciliation Of
all apparently opposing statements. Tho whole was o
perploxing riddle to me, which the thought OF
the complicated It grow, and only personal cx-
animation Of the would have enabled mo to
understand, unloss some traveller had illustrated his
explorations with chart like tho above.
PHLosornIc OBSERVATIONS.
In the absence OF the scientific gooogst must take
upon myself to suggest lew thoughts to those OF you,
readers VINO may become Interested In this subject Of
the Lukuga, and who able to deal with II. I
cannot satisfactorily account to myself the exist.
encc OF this interesting phenomenon otherwise than
by supposing the formation OF tho extraordinarily deep
depression the bosom of tho broad plateau richly