The New York herald., 1877-10-12

their condition, in the abolition of the slave truye
African above what ho is What q grand, noble liei
What pathetic deathl And as ages roll on tue
brightness Of his name will SHINE more and more
among all the civilized nations OF the world. Well
may his remains lay under that grand dark pilo at
Westminster Abbey, by the slide Of those who have
made themselves iilastrious In their own country.
In 1S40 Livingstone saed for South Africa from
Glasgow, and alter short stay NJ Cape Town at
once started Tor the inland country to JOIN the mis-
sionarics, and was engaged in medical and missionary
labors Conjoiatly with Oswell and Murray on the
lst oil August, ls49 he discovered Lake NgamL He
heard from that region OF country iuil Of rivers,
many that ono could tell their number, aud from
that time Livingstone had longing 70 SEQ the coun-
In juno, 1852, Livingstone started from Cape Town.
discovered he Victoria Falls latitude about eighteen
degrees south and twenty-six degrees east longitude
ne then made sweep eastward, travelling as
lar as Quilimunc, almost on line with the Victoria
Falls Then he crossed the whole continent Of
southern Africa distance OF over twenty five de-
grees o longitude, and twenty degrees VI latitude
from the Cape Of Good Hope This grcat geograph
ihgstonc on his return to England. This i'm.
menso stride, and showed At once that Africa could
Journey though within The tropics, had none OF the
difficulty lurthcr north. The climate better ana not
SO sckly the couatry generally open and the tcmpera
turo not so warm There was more game, tho Hibes
not SO warllke, and Livingstone when tired coud
rido his bullock great part Of tho way. Besides,
each side of the continent the way known and
often travelled TO great distance inland.
Livings,ono's second journey was from the east
coast-ls5s- -o4-and up the Zambesi and resulted in
the discovery OF Lake Nyassa and Shrva, skrting no
nrst lake lar north as the eleventh degree south
latitude. HIS exploration extended 70 tho twenty
seventh degree OF long tudc and does so further
south than the eighteenth degree south latitude In
land, describing all the watershed OF tho Zan,besL
partments, employed by Mr. Young. whicn plies on
It's broad waters, which are found 70 extend
further north than was formerly believed. From tnut
lake there internal water c0mmun cut.on to tho
ana through lis outlet, the river Shire, with the
Zambesi. mission In honor Of Livingstone has been
established THIS lake extends from the ninth do
gree and tenth degree 10 tho fourteenth degree and
fifteenth degree south latitude and between the
thirty fourth degree and thirty sixth degree east
tude, approaching thus 10 Lake 1anganyka much
nearer tnau expected.
Now come to the great explorers last Journey He
is ndoatgablc. In January. 1866. no s again IN Fan
zDur. On March 20 ne is on the bank oi the river
Rovuma, and says
Now ths. the point Of starting another trip
Whoever has read Liviagstones last journals must
be struck by tho great difficulties ol every he had
TO encounter-climAie, nature anu sckn must
admit this journey the most difficult OF all, aud
the results OF hS geographical discoveries very great
HIS Journals were all saved His meeting with stan
ley, refusal To come back and his dcternnat.
follow his explorations oil tho watershed ol tho Milo,
alied ui his irends-and he had them overy civil
izod country-with fear Tor his future safety; and
for ono made up my mind that the chances wcrc very
sim Tor his return, Tor no was 10 longer young and
his constitution was so undermined that saw there
nothing thc country OF lakes ana rvors IN that
warm climate which could make him recnperato his
wasted strength
HIS exploration the last journey extended nearly
TO the third degree south latitude reaching then tho
twenty sixth degrcc east Longitude, between tho
fourteenth and fifteenth degree Of latitude south.
II would be strange that Livingstone, while searching
tor the fountains oil the Nile, found those OF the
Congo He discovered two otner important sheets OF
waler Lake Bangweol0, between eleven and twelve
grees south ititude ana between twenty degrees
and thirty degrees east longitude. Still further
north the Lake M0ero Okata, latitude Dine degrees
north, Longitude twenyeight degrees and twcn
degrees We must wait tor Stanley. He, we hope,
has discovered or followed the SOURCES of the mighty
river.
Then comes the last but not tho least Journey OF
importance, that Of Cameron, which also followed
Burton's route tnr Tanganyika, then circum-
navigated tho shores south, and from sixth de-
gree OF latitude went u northeasterly direction
nearly as lar as the fourth degree Of latitude sogth
crossed the Luaiaba RIVER, probably The Congo,
between the twonty sixth aud nty-sevenlh de-
grees OF longud and then journeyed directly south
far the oghtn degree OF latitude and took south
westerly and then ", slerly direction TIL he reached
ST. Philip do Benguela, between the twelfth and
most brilliant ieat which Will, with lne journeys oi
SLaniey Livingstone, Burton aud spekc rauk foremost
in the Annals o African travel.
Dr. Livingstone anu Staniey had found large river
flowing INTO langanyika from thc north, thus proving
conciusvey That tnis lake had nothing TO with the
watershed Of the Nile. Lieutenant Cameron, alter q
careful circumnav, ,gation tnat lake. made the very
important geograph cal discovery vi The outlet oil the
akehc river LuKuga, ON ITS western shorc-and con-
Guided with great deal OF foresight that this
stream was part OF tho watershed oil the Congo. He
found II impossible TO ascertain the iact on account OF
the want oil canoe anu the hostility the natives He
established that TINS basin ut much lower Lowell
than the iakc further north. This Interesting and
modest account oil his travels. SO simply and grapni.
cay told. is quito an addition TO African literature.
ana has enlarged greatly our knowledge OF the vast
unknown tract OF tho African continent.
IL nave given a short account of the leading
African travellers explorations II Is 10 show tue
tent and LABOR of Mr.. Staney's explorations, which we
Will snow IN my next letter.
l VIII conclude by saying that In tho celebrated
edition OF Ptolemy, printeu In Rome in 1905, there IL
a map Of the projection OF the world, on which Two
large lakes answering very well 10 Victoria and
Niyanza, are laid down The sources OF the Nile.
In the atlas OF Ortchus, The first ever published,
map Of Africa win Inc Two equatorial lakes.
In an original OF Mercator's atlas In an edition Of
1888 these wo lakes arc ON the map.
rhe copies oil these original and raro works arc In
the valuable library OF the American Geographic cal
Society. Two OF them were gwen by tho worthy
president oil tho society, Chiof Justice Charles p. Day
The OF her was givon BY Mr. Francis A. stout
The Victoria, Albert and Ibrahim Niyanza servo as
the great basin o tho northern watershed OF The Nile.
The Victoria River has been explored ior the first
lar as Karuma Falls, aud the nection Is estab-
Issued beyond doubt between Lake Victoria and Lake
Albert and from The lake 10 the falls OF tho
largest draught can navigate tho stream. Ports havc
been established by the Khcdivo OF Egypt, ana soon
steamers VIII plough their way on the Aluer Victoria,
Ibrahm lakes &C. and let US nope that civilizaio on
and commerce Will soon redeem that part OF Africa
and the head wa,ers Of tho Nile become great en-
porum OF trade
The region explored by Speke, Grant, Baker
ana Staniey being lraversed IN every
direction by The officers Of the Kncclve and other
Soon tclographic stations anu steam communica-
tlon Will oe established. The existence OF these
idheb do bCen ny the maps referred 10 above,
WIS undoubtedly known 10 the ancients and
even IN moro modern times, but their discovery.
Ike that OF America by the Northmen, before the
time whcn the world ready to take advan tago oil
them, aud was forgotten.
An international commission has been formed under
the pr.siacncy oi tho King OF tho Belgians a most
devoted and enlightened sovereign, who is natural
~ ter sted IN every thing that relates 10
discovery and scientific SUBJECTS. The yeary execu-
tive committee rs located ia Brussels The object is
to establish posts in the interior Of Africa from which
exploration parties can start.
IL Is now very easy 10 the results Of ali the cx-
ploraons that have taken place in Africa, tho
East Coast aud the Milo region The world seek ng
now channels OF trade and every discovery hch ay
tend u It's extension Ia hailed with delight. ono
studies with pleasure tho discovery made by the
gallant explorers IN Eastern Central Africa The
wafer communications are perfect, a cham OF lakes
follow each othcr huge navigable rivers emerge from
these, ana nature seems TO have provided natural
highways 10 make that continent accessible to popu.
laton and trade. i. u. DU CHAiLLU.
CUBA.