The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-05-07

piished his Incompatible march over Smith Sound
was crushed together mountain high by tho process
ABOVE indicated Tue ice which met tue
second German North Pole expedition on the eastern
coast OF Greenland I'm lsde7o lowered from 40 To 50
feet above the level OF the Its total thickness
therefore, could not have less than that OF Lin
coin sea South Of Francis Joseph's Land, In portion
OF the Arctic Sea that regarded specially avora-
bic despite the tate OF the TegcthoH Auslro Hun
earan expedition OF ls72I4 cakes towering ircm
20 u % feet above the level OF Tho
OF such pressure And these are maximum isures
Tor the average thickness OF Ice fields Is generally
much smaller oven In cases OF heavy pressure
FLoEBER0s.
The heavy Ice which Mares observed was nothing
strange then The English expedition. however, has
gwen US a new name Tor an ice Observation-Disclosures
term which u Is dricut to approve. At first thought
this was ono OF those mouniainhish cakes oil small
surface and great height which, formed by being
crushed together, appear chaotic accumulation OF
ice fragments tTrlmmer1l have In the London
illustrated News a number OF drawings OF ice forma-
tons. furnished by member OF Mares expedition.
! have never seen drawings Of any descr iption OF
Polar ice that were more true 10 nature There was
among them real model representation OF an Zee
berg, split into Two parts, and underneath
this read 20 my surprise The word .locberg.,
Though the iocbcrgs which the expedition OF
Cape Union were formations OF this ption they
were no mountainous accunuiaons Of cakes, nut SIM
ply ccbcrgs. The icepergs, AS rule, are not nearly
steep full OF ellis generally supposed. GU
the contrary they arc mostly Of Insignificant appear.
ancc and would often tower but litle above class
OF iily cakes. Their characteristics feature is al
ways extraordinary hoght tlccDcrgs from thirty fifty
iect above me water are The most common but their
simple contour, and they arc equally distinguished by
color and by the strata When such ccbergs OF
inconsidcrabe height and insignificant form
what covered win snow II Is often difficult 10 dstin
gus them from noeborgs. The expedition north
OF Cape Union only lev small Observation-Disclosures OF
small glaciers, as was shown ny the neighborIng
coasts
scURvY IS THE ExaLIsa EXPEDITION
The expedition suffered from scurvy, though every
means 70 prevent II had been employed. The renewed
appearance on tho English expedition OF this owl Of
Polar explorations which was supposed 10 have been
better results achieved by the leaders OF tho Ger.
mania and the Tcseihon. But tho Of The Germa.
min was not only abundantly supplied with provisions
Of every description among them 1000 bottles wine
and ten kderkn OF limo ucc, but they had also such
success IN hunting that they were scarcely with
out ircsh meat In spite OF the scant accommodations
large number oil people aud The moisture tho
hving rooms no symptoms OF scurvy manifested them
selves Tho Tcgethon, however, not spared by
thc scurvy. which broke out even during
the drst year. In consequence OF tho insult
1cent consumption OF fresh meat tho
greatly weakened in thoir power OF resisting tho
scurvy and Ia this condition they started upon their
sedgo journeys. These lasted months, and during
this period the English scamen were a prey TO the
destructive Influences which facilitate tho breaking
OF ihis overwhelmingly, total OF fresh meat in-
sufficient food thirst, extreme bodily exertion too
little Sleep mental depression induced by disappointed
hopes, NJ rst bitter cold, then uninterrupted wet, tho
wearing out OF foot apparel. &c. Under these crcum
stances u was no wonder that nearly all who
these sedgo journeys suffered IRON scurvy and that
died The travellers evidently lived principally
rcmican which, though fat, Is not bad. Too
OF IL produces Indigestion, d'arrnpa and thirst.
FUTURE ExPEDITioSs
review OF the last Polar expedition forces upon us
irrcsistibly QUESTION whether such enterprises
ought to DO renewed IN the iuture An absolute
sation oil North Polo and Polar expeditions, with
jects Of less apaical nature, Is not 10
expected although Is greatly TO be desired that
future expeditions should, nrst OF ALL devote them.
selves TO tho scientific problems have Indicated The
expeditions viii nave 10 luh tho irresistible desire OF
mankind know tne condition oil tho fnrthest
North II seems that America will in short timo
send out expedition which Will materially
diler from Its predecessors, and pursue a
route In which she has already great
suts The preparations for this expedition will
undoubtedly tho discussion to the best path
ukpav p.la Inst IN mi
always returned from the northwestern to the north
eastern passage, ana vice versa. AZ soon az the last
attempt made had tailed. A European expedition
would probably adopt Petcrmann's suggestion penc-
trae east Of Spitzbergen aud 10 pursue tho
routes taken by tho Greenland, tho Germana, tho
osborn and the Tcgethon. Tho Spzbsrgen routes
lack the advantages OF the water but the snip
which porsucs Que OF these paths may perhaps meet
with tho tate and results oil tho regelhon
JULIUS PAYER.