The New York herald., 1877-10-09
central basin Of the continent by sound and

MISSIONARIES AND TRADERS.
So far as I have been permitted to OBJ
serve find that Eastern Central Africa and
Western Central Africa must be acted on by
two different influences. While all Afri-
cans, naturally, as savages, would more
readily appreciate the trader than the mis-
sionary, still the missionary would be the
most powerful agent in East Central Africa;
while in West Central Africa the trader must
precede the missionary. The reasons for
this are obvious at glance.
In East Central Africa the people are
gathered under powerful emperors and
kings-the great Empire of Uganda, which
has an estimated population of 5.0O0 900
the great Empire of Ruanda, with an equal
estimated population the Empire of
Urundi, with about 3,O0O 600; the King
doms Of Usagara, the two Usuis, Unyoro,
Karagwe and Usongora and Ukerewe-all
of these empires and kingdoms governed
subject to the will of their re-
spective monarchs. In his worthy efforts
for the moral improvement of these be-
nighted races the missionary, using dis
Greet Judgment, can soon secure the good
will, assistance and protection of the SUI
preme powers of these countries
In West Central Africa. from Lake Tangan-
yika to the mouth of the Congo River, the
peoples are gathered in small, insignificant
districts, towns or villages. each governed
by its respective chief AS we approach
nearer the West Coast the explorer dares
not begin to classify the people after the
usual manner employed in Africa, as the
districts are so small, the population SO
great, the number Of villages so confusing,
that there are as many kings ruling over
plot as there are officials in
Greece, all animated by an intense thirst
for trade and distinguished for their idola-
try, hostility to each other and foolish
pride The love of trade and barter is,
however, universal, as shall be able to ex-
plain in subsequent letter.
4 MAGNIFICENT MARKET.
Setting aside the contributions Of our ex-
pedition to geography, the grandest dis
covery it has made is the great field for
trade it has opened to the world, especially
to the English, French, Germans and
Americans, the English especially, for
greater attention to those fabrics and wares
generally purchased by Africans on the West
Coast. In round numbers-I shall be more
exact in another. letter-you have thrown
open to commerce an area embracing over
six hundred thousand square miles, which
contains nearly two Thousand miles Of an
uninterrupted course Of water communica-
tion, divided among the Upper Congo and
its magnificent affluents. It will take a
long time to make up my map, but I promise
you rough sketch Of the unknown half Of
Africa, now revealed for the first time, and
you will find that in this brief letter that I
am Understanding the merits of this new
field for commerce. I will show you, when
I have had time to arrange my notes, how
near we are to extensive gold and copper
fields, and what products merchants may
expect in return for their fabrics.
GEOGRAPHICAL SUCCESSES.
For those interested in geography may
soy that one time never dreamed that You
could hear anything of me until some time
in 1873 or 1879, for my wonderful river con-
tinued northerly course two degrees north
of the Equator, sometimes taking great
bends easterly, until thought sometimes
that should soon be in the neighborhood
of Jebel Kumr (the Mountains of the Moon),
in which case I should either have to re-
solve, after reaching five degrees north lati-
tude, to force my way toward Gondokoro
through the wild .Baris who ate fighting
with Gordon Pacha, or continue.on my way
north to some great lake, and ultimately
perchance the Niger
At the Equator the Lualsba turned north
northeast, as if it really had, by some un-
known means-unless all aneroids and ba-
rometers were wrong-a connection with
the Albert Niyanza, and I hurrahed rather
prematurely for Livingstone. This north
northeast course did not last long, for the
Lualaba was simply collecting its force to
Tilt against a mountain, where, of course,
there was the widest scene imaginable.
WHENCE THIS GREAT RIVER?
Now, in regard to geographical problems,