davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

the thermometer was decidedly below zero,
and the apples wero chilled, although they
we're in good state of preservation, more 80
than most apples we see which were put into
barrels last autumn, aud we sec no reason
why our friend may not have them in April
or even later. Our friend in private note
invites the editor to his Berkshire home
where we have spent many happy hour,
and to a seat at his table for "good square
meal and glass Of cider" as in days Of yore,
all of which we should be delighted to do.
We ought to add that Mr.. r. borrows "the
deacon's" hand cider mill and makes the bev-
erage to order as he wants it, though he may
have barrel in his cellar for aught we
know just "for vinegar" Meantime if any
of our readers accept his challege we will
do the best we can with the apples and re.
port with prOmptness and fidelity.-ED. FAR
MER
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
Character and Varieties of Manure.

To understand the science Of manures is
the most important branch of practical farm
ing. No one would be called good, prac-
tical baker who kept his -four exposed to the
sun and rain. No man would be called a
good, practical shoemaker who used
morocco for the soles of his shoes aud heavy
leather for the uppers. So with the farmer.
He cannot be called a good, practical farmer
if he keeps the materials from which he is to
make plants in such condition that they
will have their value destroyed uses them
in the wrong places, or tries to put them to-
gether without having anything present that
is necessary. Before we can avoid failures
we must know what mauures are composed
Of, how preserved and what kinds are re-
quired. True, we may from observation, guess
at results, but we cannot know that we are
right until we have learned the facts.
The action Of manures is either mechanical
or chemical, or a combination of both. Some
kinds of manure improve the mechanical
character of the soil, such as those which
loosen stiff, clay soils, or others which render
light, sandy soils compact Some again fur
nish food for plants and are chemical ma
nures. There is still another class of ma
nures called absorbents These comprise
those substances which have the power Of
taking up fertilizing matters, and retaining
them for the use Of plants.
The loss Of manure is subject which de-
mands most careful attention. Until within
a few years, little was known about the true
character of manures, and consequently Of
the Importance of protecting them against
loss and the greatest cause of waste is evap-
oration aud teaching.
The proportion of solid manure lost by
evaporation (made by the assistance of decay
is very large part Of the whole. Manures
when kept in the yard are often saturated
with water, which.iu its evaporation carries
away one Of the most valuable parts, viz,
amnOnla' All nanuTeS bnOulu Ue Wel
housed and not left out under the caves Of
barns and sheds to catch all the water from
the roofs, aud the SHOWS of winter, as is the
case with large majority of farmers 1t is
the manure that keeps the farm in.goOd con-
dition and therefore we should take extra
pains to keep it in good shape and not let
the richest part Of our manure heaps either
evaporate orlbe washed away into places
where they will do us no good. 1t will pay
every farmer to build tight shed over his
manure heaps, for in so doing he will save
double the cost Of lumber and time in tho
strength Of his manure. A.w.w.
PdssumpsIc, ".
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

over the entire ground in very vigorous
and readable manner. His positions, which
are bold enough to satisfy the most radical
are fortified with the utterances Of standard
authors in medical science, and by facts in
great number and variety, and we do not see
how any one can sit down and read it with.
out having new aud deep impression made
on his mind, Of the enormous evils resulting
from the use of alcoholic stimulus. lie
gives the following table showing the por
cent OF alcohol in the various drinks;
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
WHOLE NO. 80.

of tiling the soil, preparing food, and
thousand other items Of interest to every
pupil in our schools. Let our teachers be
expected and required to instruct and ex-
plain the various matters contained in such
textbooks. Then let our friend "X's"
graded school be located on farm where the
science of agriculture as taught from the
textbooks we have been describing shall be
exemplifed and explained by graduate of
the Vermont Agricultural College, and then
we shall see that our schools are what they
ought to be. Just as impossible to make a
good farmer of boy without the farm, as a
mechanic without the shop aud tools. While
our children are learning to read, let them
learn something that will benefit them when
they come to be men aud women. J. l..
Passumpsie, ~.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

Tie DEPARTMENT OF Agriculture sends
two pamphlets, its monthly report, contain
ing great variety of matter, discussions,
reports and statistics for the farmers study.
We hope it will be read and discussed by
farmers clubs and oranges. The other pam.
phlet is list OF all the agricultural societies,
farmers clubs, associations, etc., in the
/, United States aud is valuable as book Of
reference. From il we learn that Vermont
has twenty-five such organizations, five of
which do not hold fairs; Utah has thirty.
six societies, but only niReteen have fairs !;
Pennsylvania has ninety-four organizations,
Ohio one hundred and thirty-eight, New
York one hundred and forty.three, New
Hampshire twenty-one, Nebraska thirty.fve.
Minnesota, with her New England pioneer
settlers, has forty.three, while Mississippi,
trained in slavery has but eleven. The old
Bay State has seventy. the Down. East
ers have sixty-two, while Illinois has one
hundred and three. The name aud address
OF the secretary is given, so that correspon-
dence can be opened at once between your
society and the Compromising of Penn
sylVania, the Gunpowder of Maryland, the
Sagadahoc Of Maine, the Pottawatomie of
Kansas, the Winnesheik of Iowa, the Kick
apoo of Illinois, the Pequabuok of Connec.
ticut or the Gum Log of Arkansas. lThere
are iorty-two agricultural societies in the
country, five only Of which are destitute Of
farms. The following table shows the size
OF some of the farms:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

l send you some apples grown on our farm
in 1873, having been in our cellar almost
fifteen months. | did think about sending
some to the centennial, but finding them likely
to keep too long for that concluded to improve
our first thought by sending some to the
VERMONT FARMER and challenge the Green
Mountain state to show an apple kept so long
in so perfect condition. Auy one who is
able to do it is invited to pass his fruit dish
over to the FARMER. If you should inquire
how they have been managed to keep in so
perfect condition this is the answer. About
year ago they were carefully sorted and re-
packed in an open barrel, and from that time
until now very carefully let alone, and will
add that by a careful continuance of the
same treatment | expect to have some in
very good condition next April. We call
the apple the Centennial Russell. The trees
bear some every year but most plentifully
the odd years. c. RICHMOND.
adams, Mass.
Irhe package reached us Monday morning
Uncle Samuel having kept it in one of his
mail pouches over Sunday in place where
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
=. d. DOUGLASS.

WAS PLEASED to notice in ,your issue Of
the 9th inst. an article on insurance, calling
attention to the increased expense of insur.
ance etc. The fact that large part of the
fires are caused by carelessness is doubtless
true, and is it not also true that many are
caused by over-insurance And there is a
poor prospect of this being remeded, while
agents are permitted to take risks fifteen miles
or more from their office without any person.
al knowledge of the property insured. l
have known agents to insure a steam saw
mill without seeing the property. In view
OF these facts, is it not time the farmers took
the matter in hand aud organized companies
managed and Oficered by themselves. Such
companies have been organized through the
grange in some of the W estern states and are
in successful operation, and there are also
farmers mutual insurance companies which
have been doing business thirty or forty
years, which are ofiicered aud managed by
farmers with satisfactory results. A. l..
Phillips Of Horsham, Pa, writes to the Sec
retary Of the Elmira farmers club, under
date Of 18th ult., that he is insured in a COM
pany which has been in existence thirty five
years, and where the assessments have aver
aged but ten cents to the hundred dollars in
each year. pay double that amount 10 ad-
vance, with prospect of further assessment.
| trust this matter may be agtated by the
press throughout the state. lfit does not
result in the formation of farmers compa-
ny or companies, it will doubtless make our
present companies more careful in their
risks.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19


-YouR CORRESPONDENT "L. J. W." in
quires whether it will injure the Ha-
vor and keeping qualities of butter, to
cool the milk in hot weather, by immersing
it in water
Every practical dairyman is aware that
attention to the temperature of milk for
cream raising, is an essential condition of
success in butter making. That the good
reputation of June and October butter is
due more to the fact that the temperature of
those months is more nearly at the point re.
quired for success, than during any other
months Of the year. Common sense should
teach us that to initiate June and October
butter we must initiate june and October
conditions. We must supply our COWS with
as nearly as may be, the same kind of food,
and submit our milk to the same conditions
OF temperature, &C., as in those months.
That we must protect it alike from the hot
aud sultry atmosphere of July aud August,
and also from the freezing weather of De-
cember and January. l know of no medium
which compares with pure water, for this
purpose, and L can assure your correspondent
after years Of experience, that if he will inn
merse his pals of milk in pure water, and
thus maintain June and October conditions
Of temperature, ETC., aud does not secure
June and October results, both in regard to
quality and quantity, he may attribute his
failure to some other cause than the pres
ence of pure water, or to any depth of milk
not exceeding ten or twelve inches.
y. d. DOUGLASS.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

WooL.-Although the United States is
claimed to be one of the best wool.growing
countries, last year we paid to foreign coun-
tries immense sums for wool aud wooen
goods which might much better have been
produced at home. When we have 10000.
600 more sheep than we now have, we shall
only produce the wool we need for our own
use We are approaching full home sup.
ply yearly. In 1860 the wool clip of the
country was only 6l,000000 pounds, in
1875 it was 100000, 600 pounds, and it will
soon be necessary for US to 60 abroad for
S6l 100000 worth of wool and woolen
goods as We do now.-OhiO Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
In another table he gives the per cent. of
alcohol in the popular patent medicine "bit.
ters" of the dav.
SoME SCIENTIST has made an analysis Of
the onion, with the following results:

We hope every housewife will commit this
to memory and repeat it when she is 'peol-
ing" the fragrant tubers. We see by the
way that no estimate is given of the amount
of "smel" in good sized onion; we only
know it is a powerful quantity.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

The SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES, is a weekly
paper published in Nashville, Tenn, at one
dollar per annum, and devoted honestly and
with good spirit and wisdom to the material
development of the southern states. 1t is a
grange paper and iu all respects good one
from what VIC have seen of it,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

BENSON q BuRPEE. Philadelphia, send us
their illustrated catalogue of imported and
thoroughbred stock which they offer for sale
at rates suited to the times, Any one wish
ing anything in the line of cattle, horses, sheep
or poultry wOuld do well to send for cata.
logue and see their advertisement.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

Is 1T NECESSARY to grow roots for feed.
ing stock especially milch cows-when we
can grow corn 50 much cheaper for feed, &C.
cording to the method of Mr.. Drew of Dan
vile, in the last FARNER2 Will some OK
perienced dairymen answer in the FARMER
sUBsCRIBER.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

Coon REcoRD.-Mr. G. A. Pike of Win.
throp, Maine, reports in the Farmer of that
state, the record of his dairy of Jersey COWS
for the year 1876. The dairy consisted
through the year of eight Maine State Jer-
sey Herd Book cows, and farrow COW until
July. Besides the milk aud cream used in
the family, averaging about FIVE persons, this
dairy produced 1887 pounds of butter, or
after deducting 1877 pounds for the iarrow
COW, an average Of PTS pounds per COW.
This butter-a sample Of which was awarded
the FIRST premium at the state fair-has been
sold to one party in Portland, excepting that
used in the family, which is reckonod at tho
same price as the butter sold, gives an aver.
age result of slO450 per COW. There was
also raised from these cows five hefer calves
which for few weeks, took more or less new
milk, and milk set for cream but IL hours.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

Why ARE NOT cabbages better crop to
raise for cows than any root crop2 They
are very easily raised on good rich land. If
they can be kept through the winter in quan.
tity, | should prefer them to turnips or 20.
tatoes for COWS. X. y. 2.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

ALCOHOLIC Poison is the title of a sub.
stantial pamphlet sent by the Health Re-
former of Battle Creek, Mich, aud written
by j. ii. Kellogg, NJ. ID. 1t is somewhat
radical and positive in its statements, going
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
CnrrEspnndtnfe. O

l have nineteen hens which, during the
year 1876, laid 1925 eggs, and raised
twenty chickens. How does this compare
with other poultry raiser's success
URSULA q. BowKER.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

DoN'T GET FOOLISH for the sake of having
something with a "big name" and comes
from"away off'sold by you don't know whom.
This winter and spring there will be men
around selling fruit trees from Rochester,
but more likely from some "new nursery,
whose trees have never been sold in these
parts before as the agent may tell you.
Very likely, and they will never be sold
again either. Now there are first class nurs.
cries in Rochester and other places in that
state, but we advise our readers to purchase
Vermont grown trees they will bear just us
good fruit will be much more hardy, will
cost no more, if as much, and be more salts.
factory in every respect. Over twenty years
ago we helped plant young orchard Of
what were then known as "Rochester trees"
on the parental estate. The contract was
for fifty good apple trees, but as the deliver
ing agent had one gnared, crooked tree which
no one would accept he "threw it in," gen.
erous fellow. The trees were planted ac-
cording to printed directions, with great
care, the Gjty,frSt tree being put off in the
back corner where it was supposed no tree
could do much. At our last visit to the old
homestead how many Of those fity.one trees
think you were living Just one, aud that
the guarded, crooked one all the others had
died few years after planting. The fault
was not the nursery. mans he furnished good
trees they were planted in too exposed a sit
uation, but for all that they were not hardy
enough, and we should use trees from our
own nurseries. Good trees can be secured
from abroad, but be cautious about giving
| orders to these perpatetic agents,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE.

TINHE Subscriber offers for sale tho premises lately
l. occupied by d. T. Hill on Caledonia Street in st.
Johnsbury. consisting Of II dwelling house, barn and
large garden This property Is 50 situated thas must
increase rapidly In value business revVes and will
be sold At bargain. For terms inquire Of the subscr
Der. Marshall Montgomery,
Attorney and Agent,
Railroad Street.
81. yoAHsbury, Oef. IIth, 1876.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

have learned to care for thoir cows or take
the consequences, aud slip shod farmers to
herd their vagabondiug stock, or it goes to
the pound. d.-Prairie Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

l THINK THE FARMER has improved lsome
but not as much as it should have done. from
tho fact that at this time of the year we farm.
crs have time to write oil our success or failure
with different things that pertain to our vo .
cation. l would inquire what our agricul-
tural board have done | have looked for.
ward with much pleasure to seeing the re-
port oftheir doings in the FARMER, but should
think by what see in the FARMER, they
had just got organized for work.
l must say agree with your correspon-
dent in reference to the corn crop. l think
that next to grass there is no crop that
pays as well as corn planted thick (but not
so thick but that it will ear some) and cut
for fodder when 10 the milk.
ID, n, FARRAND.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

In ADDITION to what we have already said
and quoted on the matter of pure ice we
publish this from the pen of Prof. Collier in
the Free Press
Besides, recent experiments have shown
that many microscopic germs Of both vegeta-
BILE and animal life survive a temperature
far below the freezing point and are capable
OF development so soon as the proper elcva-
tion OF temperature is secured and we are
therefore by no means secure in the use of
ice, taken from water which in midsummer
we would hesitate to drink.
There is abundant evidence that our peo
pie have not been sufficiently careful con.
cerning this important matter, but it is to be
hoped that with our abundant supply of pure
water and pure ice we may not in the future
assume any unnecessary risk.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

A Greenup (kyl wIdower, who had mar
ried charming widow, refused ito cider" a
party OF serenaders, His wife now silently
sets his meals on the mante-pieoe, and re-
serves al reference to riding on a rail for iu.
ture use in the family.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
The Farmers Lesson.

If had told her in tho spring
The old, old story, briefly,
Whom sparrow and robbln began 10 sing,
And the ploughing was over, chiefly!
But haste makes waste, and the story sweet,
reasoned, will keep through the sowing,
TIL drop the corn, and plant the wheat,
And give them chance for growing.
Had even told the tale in June,
When the wind through the grass was blowing,
Instead Of thinking II rather too soon,
And waiting till after the moving
Or had hinted, out under the stars,
That knew story worth hearing,
Lingering to put up the pasture bars,
Nor waited to do the shoarlngl
Now the barn Is full, and so Is the bin,
But I've grown wise without glory,
Since love is the crop not gathered in
For my neighbor told her the story!
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19

TALKING about the solution of the problem
OF fence or no fence, let me tell you that the
matter has been settled in certain townships
in this country, and no fence has become the
order of the day. Driving north from Cham
paign City, H., by the time you have gone
two miles fences have disappeared, notwith-
standing hundreds OF town COWS wandering
on the streets not two miles off. And this
has been going on for three or four years,
without any reasonable chance for return
to the old fencing fashion. Town people
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES & REPAIRS

The Subscriber keeps all kinds of machine needles
and other attachments and does repairing of all kinds
Of Sewing Machines besides selling the best machine
made viz the Wheeler & Wilson, both new and old
styles. Call at residence in Hoyts Block, Railroad
street, or address by letter.
q. W. THOMAS
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
Reconstruction.

In a wagon made Of willow
Wheeled once a little maiden
Ringlets shining on tho pillow
Rolling homeward treasure laden,
Like boat upon the billow.
Ten years fed. Ali how missed he
When we left the village school
But she said sho'd be my Hstor
As VIC fingered by the pool,
And ! passionatoly kissed her
Ten more fretting years renew it
Little wagon made Of willow
Loving eyes arc bont to view IL;
LoviRg hands adjust the pillow
And we've fitted rockers to It!
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
GOING NORTH AND WEST.

Trains Leave Waite River Junction
Mixed Train at 6 6s - A. NJ, for NOrthield.
Express Mail at 40 =. NJ, (Montpelier at %
NJ for Burlington, st. Albans, Montreal Ogdensburg
and the West.
Accommodation 80 p. ", NMontpelicr at or. NJ
for Burlington and st. Abans.
Night Express at 10 A. ~, (Montpelier at 3j A.
NJ for Burlington, st. Albans, Montreal, Ogensburg
and the West
Accommodation Train leaves NOrthGold at 3 50 A.
n, (MOntpeer at 10 Mo- for Burlington, st. Al
bans, st. Johns, aud Montreal.
SLEEPING CARS arc attached to the Night Ex
press Train running between Montreal and Boston and
Montreal and Springfield.
DRAWING Room CARS on Day Express Trains
between Montreal aud Boston.
THROUGH TICKETS for Chicago and the West for
sale at the principal stations.
J. W. HOBART, Gen'l Supt.
st. Albans, VI, Dec 4, 1876.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
CENTRAL VERMONT RAILROAD,
WINTER ARRANGEMENT.
GOING SOUTH AND EAST.

Trains Isaus Montpelier;
Mail at 9 IS A. NJ, for Boston, New York, &c.
Day Express at 2 Is p. NJ, for Boston.
Night Express at9 30 NJ for Boston, New York ,&c
Trains leave Whits River Junction
Mixed train at 20 A, ~, for Bellows Falls and Brat
tebOro, Mail l2 IS P. NJ for Boston, (vla Ftehburg,
New York, &e.
Mixed Train at 10 P. NJ, for Brattloboro.
Night Express at l2i0A. NJ for Boston, Now York &c.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
FISH GUANO!

Dry Ground Fish GuanO. 8 to 10 per cent.
Ammonia; Is per cent. Bone Phosphate of Lime
HalfDry Fish Scrap, good quality. Also Superphos-
pilates and Pine Island Guano.
-PRICES L0W.-
Address, Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co..
lJul77 lS0 State Street, Now Haven, Conn.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1877-01-19
Total,

By paid Regiter Printing COmpany's bill, print
ing and stationery, Al
Pail Committee on Pedigreos and secretary,s
time and expenses examining pedigrees, G
Paid Secretary's bill for postage, stati onery
and time canvassing. 3
Cash on hand, 3