davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

Mr.. SECRETARY EvARTs is witty.
That was neat thing he said in his lit
tie speech at Bennington, when al
luding to Artemus Wards willingness
to sacrifice all his wife's relations on the
altar of his country, he added: "But
John Stark went further than that, and
declared himself willing to sacrifice his
wife's husband" But, according to the
Washington Nation, he recently perpe-
trated well-defned pun, as follows
Conversing with couple of literary
men, one of whom was Bret Harte, he
said: Literary men can get laurels on
their brows, but they can't browse on
their laurels." If the Secretary of
State is going to enter the field as a
punster, it will be necessary for severe
critics to revise their opinions of that
form of wit.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06
THE STRIFE OF TWO CITIES.

In the southwestern part of Kansas,
says the Indianapolis Journal, are two
towns named respectively Empire City
and Galena. The two towns are
situated not very far apart, and like
most Western towns, are rivals, each
claiming to be great business center,
etc. The rivalry ran SO high that few
days ago the citizens of Empire City
determined to fence Galena out in the
cold, or, in other words, cut it off from
the former town, that being equivalent
to accommodation. Accordingly on
Wednesday last large number of
armed men from Empire City undertook
to build a stockade between the rival
towns. The alarm was sounded in
Galena by ringing of bells, and an op-
posing force of about fifty men, with
guns and revolvers, collected to prevent
proceedings. The mail coach going to
Empire for the mail was stopped and
ordered back to Galena. The mayor of
Galena read proclamation declaring a
stockade between the two cities an
obstruction to travel and contrary to
law, and calculated to incite riot and
bloodshed, and called upon the citizens
to destroy the same. On general prin-
ciples we should say he was right. A
stockade across road is an obstruction
to travel. There can be no doubt about
this. 1t obstructed travel equally from
Empire City to Galena, and from Galena
to Empire City. The citizens of Galena
viewed the matter in this light and made
an attack on the stockade. Firearms
were called into use, and sharp fight
ensued. Finally the stockade was
carried, saturated with oil and burned.
Communication is now open between the
two places, but the question which is
the commercial metropolis of the great
West is still unsettled.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06
THE PARIS EXPOSITION

According to the statement of Wash
ington correspondent of the Cincinnati
Gazette, the Administration is evidently
indisposed to take any steps looking to
the representation of the United States
at the Paris Exposition next year, ex-
cept in response to direct order from
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06
FIFTEEN years ago NJ. Francois Bravay

FIFTEEN years ago NJ. Francois Bravay
was esteemed the richest man in Paris,
and his profusion and display equaled
the stories told by Dumas of Monte
Christie. He died in poverty and blind
ness a few days since. His fortunes
were made in Egypt, where he immi-
grated as a cobbler, and lived to grow
rich as favorite of the Viceroy. When
he got tired of initiating Monte Christie
he retired from Paris to Piedmont with
a fortune of forty-fve million francs.
An Italian lady was his companion.
She had mania for speculating on the
Paris Bourse and gradually reduced him
to poverty. He died as already re-
lated, destitute and almost starving,
having first obtained permission to es-
tablish himself as wayside Bartimeus.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

THE Omaha Indians, in Nebraska, ac-
cording to the report of the agent there,
make very fair showing of this years
work. They number about 1000, and
will raise this year 1900 bushels of wheat,
600 bushels of oats, 5000 bushels of
potatoes, $1,000 bushels of corn, and
$50 bushels of turnips, onions, etc. Some
Of these Indians receive small annuities
from the government, but as rule they
are self-supporting, at least that portion
of them living after the manner of the
whites.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

THE German Government is laying
down subterranean telegraph wires as
rapidly as possible. A line has already
been opened between Berlin and Mayence,
and it is now intended to join
Frankfort and Strasburg in
similar manner, the cost of these is
eight or ten times greater than that of
the ordinary above ground telegraph;
but when once constructed they are not
40 liable to be injured by storms or bad
weather, and it would be much more
difficult for an enemy to destroy them,
since he would have to find out exactly
where they were buried, and then dig
down TO reach them.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

The United States Supreme Court has
decided in case brought before it on a
writ OF error from the Circuit Court for
the Northern District of Illinois, that it
has not jurisdiction of an appeal from a
circuit court in bankruptcy cases; in
other words, that the judgment of the
circuit court in such cases is final.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

BURLINGTON (Vt.) Free Prees: On
the top of Prospect Mountain, near Ad-
Olson, is remarkable pond about three
quarters of an acre in extent. Except
a small space in the center, it is covered
with thick moss, strong enough for
people to walk upon. Poles are pushed
through the moss at any point, but none
have ever touched bottom, yet there are
large trees growing and people walk in
safety. The moss forms thick mat or
carpet, and is described as being exquis-
tely beautiful.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

Mr. CLINE now writ Sc to the Indiana
State Board of Agriculture from Clay
ton, in this State, placing himself in
competition with the Professor, "or any
other man." He offers to treat Zone
thousand cholera hogs in the State of
Indiana, provided the State Board will
pay all expenses, and pay to the party
who shall succeed in curing the largest
number the sum of $500, with the
proviso that no payment shall be made
to himself or any other person in COM
petition unless ninety per cent. shall be
cured" This proposal will be referred
to the State Association of Hog-breeders,
which body has the letter of Prof.
Haas now under consideration. If the
Association makes no report during the
next month the State Board will prob
ably give attention to the matter within
n short time after the State Fair.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06
EDITORIAL OLNO.

QUEBEC, which several years ago had
its citadel dismantled, will soon be
a frowning fortress again. 1t is now
stated that large quantity of shot and
shell of the latest pattern has been re-
ceived and transferred to this citadel,
around which unwonted activity be-
trays itself.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

UPON careful comparison of the best
attainable statistics the New York World
thinks the surplus of this years wheat
crop available for expectation will be
between S0,000,000 and 100,000,00 of
bushels. The World adds: The prom
Use of a market in Europe for so large n
share of it is more solid assurance of
better times than almost any other as
surance that could be given to us.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

AN ingenious Charleston, ILL.,, jeweler
has invented clock with an alarm
attachment, which at the same time the
alarm goes off, strikes match and lights
lamp. But it will not lift fellow out
of bed, pull on his boots, nor tie his
crayat
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

CHICAGO Tribune: New York de-
tectives are now convinced that Charley
Ross murdered Benjamin Nathan, and is
concealing himself to escape the conse-
quences of his crime.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

GENERAL" You are right, madame.
In these days it is desirable even for la
dies to to know something of strategical
movements, and lam sure | shall be
most happy to enlighten you on any
point. Lady" Tell me, then, General,
when battle becomes imminent, which
begins-friend or foeW' General col.
lapses.)
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1877-09-06

A PRUDENT man is like a pin; h s
head prevents him from going too far.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07

1t is Sunday morning-the Sunday after
my mothers little escapade at the German
Club. The church bells are filling the air
with music, church.goe throng the
streets, aud still my mother does not come.
have been waiting in the hall Tor fifteen
minutes, and already the bell has ceased
Ginning and begun to toll. grow uneasy
at last, and am half way up the stairs,
when met her coming down. What had
detained herp How can tellP A string
had come off, or button would not fasten,
or something of that sort. What do
know OF the various but trifling accidents
TcoNcLupEp ON FOURTH PAGE.1
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
Nennebrt Journal.

Published at AUGUSTA, MAINE, Water stree
foot of Court by SPRAGUB OWEN n NASH.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
HallOweu Post Once.

ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF MAILS.
Western Mail arrives daily, Sundays excepted,
al 3.44 and s Is p. M; closes at LAO A. NJ, and
for the night Pullman train at u. NJ.
Eastern Mail arrives daily. Sundays excepted,
at 5.57 ana ll.57 A. NJ; closes at $3.50 and s
7. M.
L,tchfeld Mail arrives on Tuesdays, Thursdays,
and Saturdays, at 10 A. NJ. closes Sundays,
! ,esdsys and Thursdays at s p. NJ.
Office Hours from 7.30 A. NJ. to $50 p. NJ As
no mail arrives on Sunday, the office will remain
closed on that day. Mails made up on Sunday
evening for the Monday morning trains.
4. ROWELL, =. NJ.
Hallowell, October, 1877.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
SALEM LEAD COMPANY.

Warranted PURE WHITE LEAD.-Well
known throughout New England the WHIT
EST FINEST and BEST.
LEAD TAPE, 5-S in. wide, on reels for Cur
tain Sticks.
LEAD RIBBON, from IL to s inche
wide on reels for Builders.
LEAD PIPE, og any size or thickness
At the lowest market Prices for goods of equa
m ality. FRANCIS BROWN,
: fshS- -tW&S1y Treasurer. Salem Mass.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07

For delivery of lstters trolu 7.30 A. NJ 90 s.
Pm.
On Sundays. tram 9.l5 A. NJ. to l0l5 Al
ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF MAIL
MAILS AhuvE.
Boston, Portland, AnJ West 2.30 A. NJ. 4.0Jauu
500 2. NJ.
Lewiston aud Auburn, 400, 6 aud 500 + NJ
Bath and RocAIand, 400 and 500 +. NJ.
K ,cklaEd stage via Washington, d Z. NJ.
WaiGoboro stage, via Jefferson, 8 +. nj.
Belgrade, West Maerville, Noirids ewock Ano
ID olson, l.3O L. NJ.
Winthrop and Monmouth, p. NJ.
Pennington stage via keadteld, l.30 +. NJ.
Seliast, 1912 A. NJ. anu 1908 +. NJ.
.oeliast stage, 1000 \.
saowhegau, 1912 A. Nj.
1IAna Irunk X. X. anu Canada, 4.0j ana SO
soldiers HONE 1900 A. NJ. and 100 z. NJ.
MAILS CLOSE.
Portland, Boston and West, &. 80 and IL. 90 A. 81
10 4. M
Lewiston and Auburn, $50, 80, 1000 A. NJ.
b 4th and Rockland, $50, and 1000 a. NJ.
k.cxland stage, via Washington, 100 A. NJ.
WAdoboro' stage, via Jefferson, 100 A. Nj.
Belgrade. West Waterville, Norridgewock,
N,u.,on, 80 L. Nj.
Winthrop and Monmouth, $50 A. NJ.
Pennington stage via keadhed l.30 y. NJ.
Belfast, 3.45 L. NJ. and 1000 r. NJ.
I, Belfast stage, 3.45 L. Nj.
Skowhegan, 3.4J l.. Nj.
q. and Trunk X. X. and Canada, $50. l0OOA
Solners Home, A. NJ. and $40 +. NJ.
DOMESTIC POSTAGE.
Drop Letters, per l-2 o. | cent.
Mai Letters per l-2 oz. cents.
Books, transient newspapers, and other II. o..
printed matter except unsealed circularsl in pack
ages not exceeding lbs. 10 weight per ounces
/ cent.
Unsealed circulsrs merchandise, and samples
apacAassp not exceeding lbs. in weight, pei
ounce | cent.
,lAll matter not prepaid at letter rates must be $,
wrapped that 1t can be examined and must col
tain no writing Whatever, except as follows:
The sender of auy article of third class mail
matter may Nriit nls or her name or sdutess
therein OF On the outside thereof with the wore
from above or preceding the same, may
write briefly or print ON any package the nuinbel
and names of the articles incoscd.
JLiq lds, glass and explosive chemicals are ea
cluded from the mails.
So MONEY ORDER OFFICE.
~1Especial attention is called To the Money UIdei
system a. safe and cheap method Of trans mittlnI
small sums OF money through the mails. ORDER
are issued for amounts not exceeding $50. LARGE
amounts be sent to the same person at the
anne time by additional orders.
RATES
Orders not exceeding sl5, l0cents
~" over Sl5 and not exceeding s3O, Is g
u" $40 " b" $50, 25 i"
Money orders are also drawn by this Office OF
Canada, Great Britain, Germany, sndSwitzeriand
REGISTERED LETTERS.
sJLetters, and other valuable packages, may be
registered to any pOst-ottce in the United States
on the payment of letter postage and q fee of teu
cents. HORACE Ii. HAMLEN, p. NJ.
June IL. 1877.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
Daily Hennebss 8unrnal,

Issued every morning, except Sundays. II cou
AIMS the latest news by telegraph anu mail givel
teports of the Markets, and has carefully prepared
political and local articles. ana generous amount
Oh farming home and sceaneous reading wltu
. tnll compilation of State news.
Ierins, ~ per dnnaDs IA adUdnce, g. "A payment
not made within the year. Single copies cents
o be had at the bookstores and at this office.
Advertisements inserted on reasonable terms
Rakes n,nI be mad ON applicMIlon Al LnIe nni.a.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
Advertising Akentr
--YOk THE-
* kENNEBEC AL.
Daily and ~ eekiy.l

I he following Advertising Agents are author
,Eed TO receive subscriptions and advertise uent.
tor the kENSBBEc JOURNAL:
BOSTON -; IS. Nj. PErrENGnL & Co.. IL
State Street.
s. X. NILES, No. fremont
St eet.
&C. EVANS, 252 Washington
ST.
HORACE DoDD Washington
Street.
SLW IokhJ :DAUCHY Co., l9l Fulton ST.
'iEo. +. Row sLl. & 70. ~
Park kuw.
BATES ~ LOCKE, "a PARK Row
v. ". SHARPE q 20.
D. NJ PETTEN6JLl. X CO., 81
Park Row.
PHILADELPHIA y. W. AVER & Co., Chest
nut 81.
>. M. PETTENGILL a Co
7Ol Chestnut street
II LOUIS. MO, HOWELL II CHRsaAN, COZ .
Third and Chestnut ST
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
kennebec SAVINGS Bank
Thi. Bank is not required TO make

returns to Assessors.
Deposits made on or before the l0th day OF any
month aoill be dated back 10 the first dag Of the
same month
On First Monday in May and Sovembe OF each
year dividend will be made on ali deposits sand
ing at those dates, which have Leen on deposit one
fun month
Money deposited in Savings Banks is not to bt
taxed TO depositors hereafter.
Dividends Ne soon declared are adaed to tht
principal, thus compromising the interest very 81,
months.
Loans made to depositors on depositinR tnei'
Bank Book as security.
Once In Freemans Bank ButIdinx..
S. B. GLAZIER. TreAsurer
W. Y. HALLETT, President.
Augusta, Jan. Is. 1878. en2a-tSwti
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1877-12-07
Wsekly Asansbse Sournal,

fuDiished every Wednesday morning, Is tnt
ar Sest tolio paper 10 the state, containing news
poilcal articles, agricultural and scientific matter
90, poetry, anecdotes, household matter marx.
ct, xG., Sc.
ierns, per dHEnha IN ddsanCe.
Transient Advertise ments, ~ 90 per inen for frs
weSSi 30 cents per week Tor each subsequent ia
sc tUn.
special Notices, 80 per inch tor Hrst week 81
N Is per week for eaCb subsequent week,
BUSINESS Notices, In reading columns 20 cent
pe line tor hrst nsertUn 10 cents per line for 81
isequent insertion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09

we think Secretary Schurz made a mis-
tase In replying at all TO the charge that he
received compensation for political services
In the campaigns OF nine and sixteen years
age He needs no excuse IL he did. At the
periods in question, and, so far as we know
now, Mr.. Schurz was poor man and was pc
cuniarily unable TO travel from point to point
throughout the country, making speeches, at
his own expense. The political committees
esteemed his services of great value, and If
they paid him for them il was clearly no.
Dody's business. 1t is well known fact
that much of the money raised for political
purposes by both parties is paid to campaign
speakers, few OF whom can afford to neglect
their business To- take the stump for weeks
al time. even for the sake OF a principle
The whole thing amounts to much ado about
I-othing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09

Etna, Maine, is q suitable point for fiery
resolutions to emanate from. A republican
town convention held there the other day
formally declared that President Hayes has
violated his former promises and profess
sions, appointed democrats and men of no
known political principles for his Cabinet,
sought the advice OF Hampton, Gordon, But
Ter, Lamar and others of the rebel democ-
racy instead OF consulting the leaders of the
republican party to guide him." AMI that
therefore he is "a traitor TO his party, to his
country and bis God and finally declaring
That the republicans OF Etna will not give
shin or his Ubiquitous policy sny support.
either political or moral.p Score little one
for Senator Blaine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09
A FEW THINGS WORTH KNOWING

Iou can buy excellent Hair Brushes AZ 20 and IS
Rubber Dressing Combs, 4 Goodyear 10 IS and soc.
The heaviest Rubber Dressing Comb made, at SOC;
formerly 81.
Rubber back t. lit Mirrors, Soc. and 81.
Excellent Rustic Frames, with mat. glass and
back, sc fine Polished Walnut Frames, ebony
lines, two inches deep fine gilt, ST.
walnut Towel aud LAT Racks, sc.
Fure Blk Velvet Photo FIR 4es. 75c.
Russia tt ather Pocket Books. soc. and 81; Leather
Pocket Books and Purses. Il o 25c.
Fine Japanese Fans, to Csc; Black Silk Painted
Fans. S0c.
Full set of Croguet, balls, msllets, 10 wickets
and two stakes all in rice box. with 25c. croQuet
book throw for so; the cheapest set in town.
lot Of sdies fine Underwear, beautifully ade
and trimmed. reduced from 81 20 and 80 to 81 and
sl0 Gents British Socks. 10c per pair; tbs pref
Hest bottle Ca stor for 8 Lovely Sill
ser plated Pickle Stands, 81, with thousands of
other nice aud cheap at icl-s. do not offer large
discounts, do "sei off," neither do buy auc-
ton goods, but nevertheless willing to have my
goods and prices compared with any body elses.
Come ard examine them, II IL no trouble for us to
show you round
h. SILVERBERG,
METROPOLITAN BAZAAR,
lyH t,;hs,u Sf2 sH ST.. near Pa. ape.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09

There seems to De apprehensions ofanother
railroad strike later In the season when the
roads are more fully employed In moving
the crops. The strikers will gain little sym
pathy oy undertaking 70 interfere with the
movement Of produce, to the disadvantage
Oh ne consumers. They will In every way
SvAnee their purposes better by making
s s. influence felt at the ballot box. There
toey WI have the public with them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09
Reading Matter On Every Page.
The Star for the Summer.

Persons kartnE the sify may havs The STAR ssaf
% t<y address ~ rsaiI, po,ta<s prspaid, f~ sxcA
pertod of time tsey may dssiys, az tAs Of Is
cssfs ,resk, 90 rIosta, S1.1s Tor tkrs
0sorfis, on So fr Stz prsstss.
- Ihs u1oasy 10 pay fo- the tiu1s Yssxtrsd nsxa
q! cases accompany fhs ordw. OrtSrSrtss tss pap~
eassOf b sent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09
Now Is the Time to Make Improve
menfa

At no time within the past twenty years
has the opportunity for the erection of build
ing improvements been so favorable for per-
sons desiring to make Improvements in
Washington as the present. The appropria-
tons made by the last Congress for general
improvements In Washington through the
District Commissioners. the architect of the
Capitol, and the Superintendent of Public
Buildings and Grounds have been about all
expended, and labor and building materials
are now plenty and down 10 ante-war prices
Brick can now be purchased at $3.50 to as
per thousand. which three years ago cost $40
and So. Lumber can now he had at sl4 to
SIS per thousand feet, which formerly cost
s22 10 SOS. Mantels, plumbing work, glass,
paints, hardware, and house-trimmings
generally, have been propOrtionably reduced
IN price, and skilled and common labor can
now be employed at entirely reasonable
rates.
With this condition of affairs at present
existing we are not surprised that there is
beginning to be renewed activity in real es-
tate transactions In Washington. The gen.
eral collapse in stock invt stments through
out the country is having the effect to call
the attention of the people to judicious in
vestments In real property, which In Wash
lngton-with Its future progress and devel-
opment assured as the capitol OF the nation
Is one of the surest sources of prosperity
We doubt If parties desiring to build will
ever find the conditions as favorable to them
as the present. The incoming Congress will
undoubtedly devote some attention to the
subject of general or internal improvements,
which may, if any scheme is adopted, have
the effect to advance the price of labor and
materials along the whole line.
We consider now the golden opportunity
for all persons who contemplate making i'm
provements in Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09

The political seers who have held that
when the presence of carpet bag rule was
withdrawn from the South the democrats
would divide amongst themselves will be
delighted, no doubt, 10 see the confirmation
OF their views In the Kilkenny fight going on
In Virginia over the gOvernorship. The
Malone, Daniel, Taliaferro, Lee, Terry, and
Holiday men are pulling hair aud calling
names In the liveliest manner, and the feel
ing Is already 50 savage that 1t Is stated that
II Malone is defeated In convention he will
run as an Independent candidate. That he
Will be defeated seems probable from the
fact That the permanent chairman selected Is
an anti Malone man; and the convention
further proposes 10 head off q bolt on his part
by pledging all the candidates TO support the
ticket. Malone, IL may be added, is the re.
pudiation candidate; that Is to say. he Is the
candidate of those who want TO get rid OF
paying q portion Of the state debt. II is to be
hoped. In the interest Of state and national
financial credit, that Malone may no, sue.
coed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1877-08-09

The general order to be issued prohibiting
the sale OF arms to Indians Is an excellent
one If it can be enforced, but IL is doubtful IL
II can be. The traders scattered throughout
the Indian country derive their main profit
from the sale of arms and fire water to the
Indians, and being a shrewd set of fellows,
IL will be exceedingly difficult to prevent
them from violating the order. The Indians
frequently rob and even massacre the whites
10 secure the wherewithal TO purchase whisky
and guns, and protect the traders in their
unlawful traffic. A few years ago, when
the Red Cloud and Spotted Tail Sioux dele
cations came 10 Washington, they brought
with them several traders, against the pro-
tests Of the government, and In every coun-
Gil which took place the principal chiefs
earnestly set forth that the traders were their
friends, and preferred the modest request
that the Great Father would give them
$4,000 each-a request, IL is needless to say,
which was not faverably considered. Strin-
gent laws exist against selling arms to In
dams, but the trouble is they are not as a
rule enforced, mainly because the traders
are shielded by the Indians.