Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1877-08-18

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san SASH krxs- Sszn. hss-ser. tAey are
asa< % s>ss sAost eaxhis. asrting froa
tree % srr~. like eyiag squirrcls. in lines
carving ss~swsrd- Later IN their life
their wiags grow stronger, and they can
ay considerable distances, rising in the air
OF descending % the earth, - they desire.
The females are easily distinguishable -
being about one-third smaller than the
males. They have . piercer which con-
sists Of two plates, partly tOothed like
saw, and spear pointed lever set between.
They clasp the smallest twigs tightly with
their legs and introduce their pierces rob-
liquely into the pith, ut the same time
splintering the wood little by the action
Of their lateral saws. When the female
has bOreda hole about half an inch in depth,
she places in 1t about sixteen white eggs,
nearly fifteenth of an inch in diameter.
The eggs are placed side by side in pairs,
but separated slightly by woody fibre.
In less than half an hour she can make
nest and fill it, and she then goes ahead
on another twig. Each female lays about
five hundred eggs, and when her last nest
has been made the incessant labor has
80 weakened her that she drops exhausted
from the tree, dying. The females live
longer than the males, however, for the
latter die shortly after the reproductive
act is performed.
The twigs which the insect has pierced
wither aud fall to the ground, commonly
remaining on the tree long enough to al
low the eggs to hatch before they drop
off. 1t requires from three to six weeks
to hatch out the eggs, and some of the
emerging Larvae are often developed on
the earth after the twig has fallen. The
Larvae are about one-siXteenth of an inch
long-grubs, with six legs, covered with
short yellowish- white hairs. On leaving
the egg, they drop to the ground, unless
the twig from which they emerge has
previously fallen, and Immediately begin
to burrow beneath the surface by means
of their fore feet. 1t is not known ex-
actly how deep they enter into the
ground, but it is most probable that they
do not descend more than two feet.
Buried in the ground they remain during
a period Of seventeen years with little
change, except in their increased size
and the development of rudimentary
wings. As the seventeen years draw to
a close, they gradually work their way
upward to the surface in circuitous pas
sages about half an inch in diameter.
Near the surface they change from Larvae
to pupe, and on warm night in May or
early June they pour out from their holes
over the ground and ascend the trees,
merely to propagate and die as their
fathers aud mothers did before them.
The whirring sound is made by the
males, who have a kind of kettle-drum
apparatus on each side of the abdomen.
Two oval plates inclose the cavity of the
abdomen, which contains plated folds
of a parchment-like membrane, trans
parent as glass. The alternate contrac-
ton and relaxation Of muscular cords
connected with the membrane make
harsh, rattling noise, and the action of
the cords is assisted by rapid movements
Of the wings.
On Staten Island the locusts have
sprung up much more thickly than in
any part of New Jersey. There the
ground in many places is literally honey
cOmbed under the trees, and the shrubs
and flowers ~ we'll as the trees ars COW
cred with clinging burden Of.insects.
The female locust undoubtedly eats the
leaves and tender pith Of the twigs, but
she 5 not vOracious, and the great body
Of the trees will mot be touched. The
males keep up their prolonged humming
and their iocessant rub s-dub-dub froa
=. a. l.