davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1877-03-23

A REMEDY FOR GApEs In Fows.-
An experienced chicken raiser says as
soon as manifestations of gapes in his
fowls appears, he confines his chickens
in box, one at time, sufficiently large
to contain the bird, and places coarse or
linen cloth over the top. Upon this he
places air-slackcd lime and taps the cloth
sufficiently to cause the lime to fall
through. This lime dust the fowl in
bales and is made to sneeze, aul in
short time the cause of the gapes is
thrown out in the form of Shiny ma SIS
Of worms that had accumulated in the
windpipe and smaller air-vessels.
EvER0REENs. All evcrgreens can be
transplanted at any time up to the end of
May. We consider the latter months the
best. Iu purchasing evergreens at the
nursery, be sure to select those with a
single stout runner, and evenly branched
from the ground up. For remember no
new branches appear upon them. They
must, therefore, be perfect at the start
Evergreen trees, of almost every variety
are in their prime of beauty at the end
of about fifteen years after planting
Some of them, set out twenty-four years
ago, have decidedly passed this period.
The gardener of the University of
Berlin has made the discovery that
hyacinths may be propagated by their
leaves. He cuts them close to the bulb,
places them in saucer, and covers with
a thin layer of sandy leaf mould. The
saucer having been placed in green
house, the extremity of the leaves will
begin to turn dry in about eight weeks,
! sure sign that bulbs are growing out of
hem.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1877-03-23
RESIGNATION.
BY PAUL rLEMlSG, 1909.

Let nothing make thee sad and fretful
Or too regretful;
What God hath ordered must be right;
Then 6nd in it thine own delight,
My will.
Why sAeuldst thou Gil to-day with sorrow
About tomorrow,
Ny heart
One watches all with care most true,
Doubt not that lie will give thee, too,
Thy part.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1877-03-23

A simple and harmless application for
ring-worm is found by washing with a
solution made from the root of Common
narrow-leaf dock.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1877-03-23


Every year increases the populaii-
ty of this valuable Hair Preparation;
which is due to merit alone. We
can assure our old patrons that it is
kept fully up to its high standard;
and it is the only reliable and perfect
ed preparation for restoring GRAY
OR FADED HAIR to its youthful color,
making it soft, lustrous, and silken.
The scalp, by its use, becomes white
and clean. 1t removes all eruptions
and dandruf, and, by its tonic prop
critics, prevents the hair from falling
out, rs it stimulates and nourishes
the hair-glands. By its use, the hair
grows thicker and stronger. In
badness, it restores the capillary
glands to their normal vigor, and
will create a new growth, except in
extreme old age. 1t is the most eco
nomical HAIR DRESSING ever used,
as it requires fewer applications,
and gives the hair q splendid, glossy
appearance. A. A. Hayes, MD,
State Assayer of Massachusetts, says,
"The constituents are pure, and care
fully selected for excellent quality;
and | consider it the BEST PREPA-
RATION for its intended purposes"
Sold By all Druggists, and Dealers in Medicines.
Price One Dollar
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1877-03-23
Buckingham's Dye.
FOR THE WHISPERS.

AS our Remover in many cases
requires too long time, and too
much care, to restore gray or faded
Whiskers, we have prepared this
dye, in one preparation; which will
quickly and effectually accomplish
this result. 1t is easily applied,
and produces a color which will
neither rub nor wash off. Sold by
all Druggists. Price Fifty Cents.
Manufactured by r. p. HALL, 6 CO.,
NASHUA, NH.
feb 20. l877-y
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1877-03-23
JAMES EEEEEsAy,

NO = a Y Il L Il, M d
TNHE subscriber would respectfully inform
a the citizens Of Montgomery county that
be has permanently located in ROCKVILLE,
and is prepared TO do all kinds of work in his
line, at short notice and on reasonable terms.
re- FURNITURE re-varnished and reno
waited at the houses Of patrons or at my Shop
one door east of the Old Washington Hotel.
va have the privilege of referring to
John b. and VIM. Brewer, e. B. Prettyman,
and Spencer C. Jones, Esqs.
sep 29-tf JAMES MEEIIAN.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
Our San Francisco Letter.
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 6. 1877.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 6. 1877.
ED. INrELLlGENcER:-When l last
wrote you. think said that the oppO-
sition steamship company (which is
Goodall, Perkins & Coz were fitting
up the Idaho" to place her on the Vic
toria aud Sound routes in opposition to
the Pacific Mail Co.'S line. But this
morning in the Co.'s Office on Mont
gomery street. was told that the Ida.
no would 60 on the Portland route.
This would give both lines three steam
ers each. The Oregon Steamship Com
pany tho Ajax. the George w. Elder
aud the City Of Chester. and the oppo-
sition the Orizaba, the Los Angeles and
the Idaho. As it takes about twelve
days to make the round trip. this would
give the Portland route an average Of O
steamer in abou. two aud half days,
the steamers leaving both ends Of tue
route ~ nearly together -
possible. From present indications
the opposition promises to be
vigorous. The fare is now ten dollars
cabin and IS Storage. What If any
effect it will have on the Pacific Nail
line 10 the Sound. doth not yet least q
shadow before" Evidently they will
loss all their Portland patronage and
this may impel them to make . new
tariff Of fares for their line in hopes to
still retain . portion Of the patronage
of the travelling public. However. We
shsil zee in good tune no doubt "how
the cat jumps."
Looking out OF my window at the
hotel. on the Pine street side, I have
recently seen two runaways. starting
from the market. between Montgomery
and Kearney. running down Pine to
Montgomery and then turning down
Montgomery to the left. evidently At
traetcd by the "NcvadA Bank" on the
corner like lssdstonc, though both
camc to wreck by the Esnk. The re-
cult in both cases being so
similar, set me TO thinking that
these wild horses in their frantic flights
were very like the wild flights of many
Of those stosk Spectators IN San
Francisco aud who for . wonder ali
Come TO ruin just where thess poor run
naways did 1t the Nevada Bank. Oh
what great rcel in the sea OF spcculs-
ton 10 fAis aoacsra. and how numerous
ere the shipwrecks lying wantonly
stranded as its base. Won't some phi.
lanthsopic society ere long build . light
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

house on its top to warn eff the uucon-
scious mariners? though fear it would
need something stronger than = first
class calcium light to open their dull
orbs to the situstion.
On Saturday, the 4th. there was
spirited contest of speed on the bay be-
tween the crack yachts n a regatta
which resulted in the success of the
Consuela for the first prize The prize
for the second class yachts was awarded
to the Ariel. and sloops to the Emerald.
There was some dissatisfaction among
the craftsmen al the sbortuing of the
distance run from the usual practice on
the bay. and protest entered against
the awarding of the prizes These ques-
tons have not yet been settled.
The Mechanics Fair opeus Its an
nual exhibition at their building on
Mission street, in this city tomorrow,
the 9Th Ipresume the affair will be
IN keeping with the usual display. 1
have bad the pleasure of witnessing
lumber of these exhibitions and can
truly Say that they are a credit to this
city and its people. We shall look
through the building in couple of days
and NAV send you some fair notes.
l.. B. A.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

deputies being entirely insufficient.
Darnell recently gave himself up but
refused TO 90 t. Jail and instead was
placed in the custody of one of his
friends. II having been shown that the
bond was insufficient it was 90 an
nounced in court and Darnell was or
dered to Jail. The sheriff refused to act
and Da:lell and the armeu mob walked
out of the court room, denouncing the
court and defying the authorities Tue
sheriff refusing to obey an order to
summon a posse, Gov. Potter was tele-
graphei to send the Chickasaw guards
Of Mem his to bis relief. but the order
was not responded to.
WAsHISGToS. Aug 1.-THE Cabinet
was In session to-day, and determined
that u commission of three be appointed
70 act with similar commission on the
part of Canada, and arrange f,r the re-
turn Of Sitting Bull and his followers
10 tue United States. One men Der will
DE an army officer. another represent
ing the interior department, and the
third will be selected after {. conference
with the President. The Cabinet also
discussed the question of danger to in
habitsnts in the vicinity of Puget
Sound on account of thretened Indian
outbreaks, and decided to send a man
of-war to that place from San Francis
CO.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

LONDON. Aug. l0-A correspondent
with the Dobrudscha army telegrsphs
that malaria fever is doing its worst.
Hundreds Of sick arrive at Tcheenauads
daily, the majority being from the
neighborhood of M.jiljie, where steam
ing swamps. poisonous water and air
alik creates disease. Dysentery also
counts many victims IN proportion. As
the season advances sickness increases
ST.. PETERSBURG, Aug l0-A letter
states that $4,000 fresh troops are al
ready on the way by railroad to the
seat Of war. Guards will follow in ten
days. These include 5000 cavalry and
5.607 infantry. Two hundred aud fifty
cannon will be also sent the landwhcr.
Only picked regiments will 60 to Bull
garia.
LONDON. Aug. l0-Paris police have
forbidden street safe of photographs of
Theirs.
Papers announce that $4,000 copies of
equestrian portraits Of President Mac.
Mahon are to be distributed In the
provinces.
The offense of speaking insultingly Of
President MacMahon in the streets is
now becoming the subject of daily &C q.
ton Of the courts.
PARIS. Aug. l0-Thc Republican
senatorial committee estimate the Re-
publican deputies to be returned at the
approaching election at 372.
LONDON. Aug. l1-An occasional cor
respondent Of the Times at Vienna
says: Everything tends to show that
Mehemet Ali and Suleiman Pasha are
making great efforts to effect junction
by the Sleons Pass SO as to dislodge the
Russians from Tierpova. If they sue.
coed in effecting a junction we may er-
pect to hear shortly of great battle.
which will decide this years campaign.
Bucharest specials state that the
Car sill remains at Bella. Though the
Russian army Is being strengthened
rapidly, there is little chance of any
serious action. For more than Q week
the Turks instead Of acting with en-.
ergy aud decision are building more
defensive works. Prince Charles has
called out $4,000 Roumanian militia.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

Pacific CoUNTY.-A Shoai water Bay
man informs the Herald that there is a
large quantity of excellent bottom land
in that county to be had by settlers at
government prices. This is good news
for the landless. There are four oyster
companies operating OH Shoalwater
Bay. owning six schconers which carry
to San Francisco during the season four
oargocs each, Of 25.0eO bushels, worth
in the aggregate 100000 ut Shoal-
water Bay. The season for cultiyating
the oysters begins Sept. LIST. Besides
oystsring aud farming good deal Of
numbering is done. There is ono saw
mill with capacity of $4,000 feet per
day. which is shipped to San Francisco.
There are SPUR towns. viz: Oysterville.
Bay Center. and Bridgeport. on the Bay.
and South Bend on the Willapa. Oys-
terville, on the spit, is tho county seat
We want narrow gauge railroad to
that county from the Sound.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
County and City Official Press.
Monday. August Is, 1877.
TEMPORAL VICISSITUDES.

The channels Of White and Duwanish
rivers are steadily growing croOkeder and
crookeder, in consequence of the cut
ting aud filling OF the bank by the cur
rent, until now correct plat Of the
course of those streams would be lit
representation Of the traditional 'rams-
horn" The lucky land owners At the
points which are filling up. have to run
their field fences that close on the river
further out every year, while the un-
fortunate ones who have the concave Of
the arc, are Obliged as frequently to
move back fences and throw out fields
for the public Easement" in the indis-
pensable right of way for travel up and
down tae valley. In this way many
farms. originally located upon the river
banks, would now. if located according
to the lines fixed by the official survey
notes establishing their boundaries. be
straddled ON both sides the river.
Besides. by this process, the roads
running along the bank are constantly
growing more serpel;ine ana length
ened out to correspond with the river.
The worst of 1t Is. that experience has
proven that 1t is almost impossible to
prevent river from working out lis
own inoomprehensible laws in this re-
gard, or to very materially modify its
action one way or the other at however
great cost Of labor or expenditure Oh
the part of individual proprietors.
In the outcome. probably. there is no
loss in this but 1.-The rather u gain"
However. the due regulation Of this
matter. in some practical sort OF way.
for the relief Of those on whom the
brunt Of injury falls. ought, when the
proper time CONES. to receive the as
sistsncc Of engineering attention and
corporate appropriation.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
DIED.
1ITCHELL-In this city, on the 10Th inst, Mi
Anna Both Mitchell. aged about "A years.
Murder will Out.

A few years ago August Flower"
was discovered to be a certain cure for
Dyspepsia and Liver complaint. A few
thin Dyspeptics made known to their
friends how easily and quickly they had
been cured by its use. The great mer
its of GREENS AUGUST FLOWER became
heralded through the country by ont
sufferer tc anoth-r. until, without ad-
vertising, its sale has become immense
Druggists in EVERY TOWN in tn,
United States are selling it. No per
son suffering from Sour Stomach, SicL
Headache. Costiveness. palpitation O
the Heart, indigestion, low spirits, etc.
can take three doses without relief:
Go to your Druggist and get a bottl,
for IS cents aud try it. Sample bottle
10 cents. Crane s. Brigham. Agents
San Francisco.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

POPULATION OF WALLA WALLA
CouNTY.--The new census makes out
tho population Of the empire county
east Of the mountains to be 5,056, or
PAT less than was given By the United
States census of 1870; but then the
county included the populous new
county Of Columbia. almost the equal
Of wslls Walla. King. on fair count,
will still lead them all by long way.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

HoPs.-4essrs Corbi aud Naclcay.
Of Portland. received instructions from
their New York correspondents sdvis-
ing Oregon aud Washington Territory
hop-growers to press their hops in bales
OF not less than $50 or more than 200
pounds to avoid spelling and loss.
They also advise greater care in pick.
ing and preparing.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
TELEGRApHIC.
Exclusively 70 she
D.sILY' Ls'TELLIGEsCER.
THE ONLY NkwsPAPER
Receiving Dispatches
IN WASHINGTON TERRITORY.


San Francisco. Aug. il--Arrived--
Rsfksntine Modoc. Seattle; ship Grace
Darling. Departure Bay; schooner San
Baena Ventura. Tacoma; bark Emer-
aid, Port Gam BILE; ship Dashing. Wave.
Tacoma; bark vidette. Pert Madison;
steamer Ajax. Portland.
Sailed-Bsrk Revere. Nanaino; schr
Courier, Seattle; ship War Hawk, Ma
nAino; bktn Emma Augusta, Port
Blakely.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

NASHVILLE. Tenn. Aug. l0--A spec
isl from Huntington states that Gen.
Hesry Darnell on trisl At Ii, toaville.
Lake county, bulldoxei the court ct
that place on wednes lay m ThaIs lay
With % amei men, the sheriff and
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

HENDRICKS & CURTIS have Just re-.
ceived fine lot of Pumps, Fore.
Pumps, Deep Well Pumps. and Lift
Pumps. Sewer Pipe cheaper thar
wood. Gas and Water Pipes and Fit
tings; Pumps overhauled; Saws Gum
med and Filed; and general job work
done. Prices way down.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

EUROPEAN. DRAFTs.-Drafts issued
at lowest rates on Great Britain, Ire
land, Germany. Russia, France, Norway
and Sweden. Tickets to and from
Europe sold at lowest rates by Andrew
Chilberg, Seattle, W.T..
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

.N- Moore. the photographer, has
returned and will be happy to see his
old patrons at the old place, corner of
Commercial and Washington streets.
See him.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

Hot BOsTON BROWN BREAD Sunday
morning at the Eureka Bakery.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13

PURE Mocha Coffee for sale cheap at
Chilberg Bros.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS
A CARD.

The members OF the Alki Base Ball Club return
their sincere thsnks to the Ladies' for their kind.
ness in supplying . Supper to them and their
guests on their return from the ball grounds.
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
DISSOLUTION NOTICE !

y Copartnership heretofore existing between
II. A. BIGELOw and WALTER GRAHAM, under
the firm name Of II. A. BI6ELOW CO, is this
day dissolved by mutual consent. All bills due
the firm, If not settled by the LIST Of September
will be placed in the hands Of an attorney for
collection.
Seattle, July LIST, 1877. au9-daw
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
N Office.

A IL PERSONS INDEBTED TO THE UNDER
"A signed are requested to call and settl imme-
diately. - the Junior Member Of the Firm con.
templates trip to San Francis o, to lay in their
FALL Sock Of Goods.
WADDEI.L MILES.
August nth. 1877. sull-dlm
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
Dissolution Of cl-PAL1IlRsHIP.

TUE Co-PARTNERsHIP HERETOFORE FIX.
i listing between b. A. HILL and d. b. WARD.
under the firm name Of Hill. WARD, 10 this
day dissolved by mutual consent b. A. BILL re.
naming In the business, assuming oil obliRs-
lions. and to whom oil bills are payable.
b. A. HILL,
ID b. WARD.
July 30. 1877. jyei-dl4w3t
The daily intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Territory [i.e. Wash.]) 1876-1881, 1877-08-13
MISCELLANEOUS
EMPLOYMENT WANTED.

i nations in private families, TO do general
housework. Apply s: the
aug div ORIENTAL HOTEL.
The weekly herald. [volume] (Cleveland, Tenn.) 1876-1888, 1877-02-02
TEie Case OFCOngFesSman Butts
OfSOIfh Carolina.

The House, in seatins Mr.. Butts,
of South Carolina, has abandoned
the attempt to have that State
counted for Tilden.
Mr.. Butts, it will be remember
ed presented his certificate early
in the session. in due form, from
Gov. Chamberlain. There was no
contest, but the Democrats insist
ed on referring 1t to the Elections
Committee, upon the petition
from some Democrats who oppOs-
ed the action Of the State Can
wasting Board. The evidence in
the case overwhelming as to the
fair election Of Butts, the report
Of the Sayler South Carolina In
vestigating Committee, leaving
the Elections Committee no
ground to stand upon. That com
mittee favorably reported the
case prima facie this morning and
Mr.. Butts was seated. This case
was to be used like that of Colora-
do, as a point upon which a posi-
Bile objection could be made to
counting the electoral vote of a
State. 1t was one of the desper-
ate resorts of the Tildenites early
in the session. The Democratic
members Of the committee tried
to save appearances by seating
him upon the certificate Of the
Supreme Court instead of the Re
turning Board Chronicle.
The weekly herald. [volume] (Cleveland, Tenn.) 1876-1888, 1877-02-02
Latest From Few York.

The papers here publish a state.
nrent that numbers of officers OF
the late war, some of whom serv-
ed on one side and some on the
other, have determined to offer
Iglesias their services. AT a con
ference held in Washington yes
terday afternoon, one Of their
number was deputed to wait
upon Iglesias and formally tender
him their services. This gentle
man, who graduated at West
Point, and was in the regular ar
my when the war broke out, and
later was one Of the principal cav
airy officers of the Confederacy,
will leave here Immediately for
st. Louis, where he hopes to meet
the ex-P President and his Cabinet,
and lay the scheme before them.
They say they can easily raise ten
or fifteen thousand men in Louis
lana and Texas.
Gen. w. Chadwick for compile
ity in forging a check for $44,225
on the Union Trust Co., was com
mitted for trial, in default Of fifty
thousand dollars bail. Julius
Keller, also implicated, was sent
to the House of Detention, as
witness in default Of 5000 bail.
VIM. IL. Lyon, Of Brookly, has
been appointed Indian Commits
The weekly herald. [volume] (Cleveland, Tenn.) 1876-1888, 1877-02-02
TERMS:
free 10 all subscribers
in the United states.

UARrER's BAZAAR, one year ...... .... A.00
500 includes prepayment Of U. $. postage by
the publishers.
subscriptions TO HARPER's MAGAZINE, WEEK
LY, and Bazaar. to one address for one year, $40
90: or two OF Harpcrs Periodicals, TO one address
for one year.$7 90; postage free
An Extra Copy Of either the MAGAIIN u,
WEEKLY, or BNXAR will be supplied gratis
for every Club OF FIVE subscribers AZ a 90 each
In one remittance: or, Six copies for T2OOO, With
ont extra copy; postage free.
Back Numbers eau be supplied nt any Time.
The Volumes Of the BAZAAR commence win
the wear. When nOtime IL mentioned, II VIII
bo understood that the Subscriber wishes to
commence with the number next after the re-
coipt of his order. NAM,
the Annual Volumes Of HARPER'S BAZAAR
in neat cloth binding. will he sent by express,
free ]offpXpcnsc, for 81 90 each. a complete
Set, comprising Nine Volumes, sent on receipt
of cash ut the rate OF 8 % per vol, freight at
expense Of purchaser.
Cloth cnses for each volume, suitable for BIN
ding, will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt
Indexes to oach'yolumo sent gratis on receipt
OF stamp. 49, u
Neyspapcrs are not to copy this. advertise
mont without the express order Of HARFER q
BROTHER. onoo
Address HARPER & BROS.
York.
The weekly herald. [volume] (Cleveland, Tenn.) 1876-1888, 1877-02-02
From the Knoxvi!sc Chronicle.

The Democrats in New Jersey
have demonstrated the high
claims of the party in the interest
Of reform" They have elected
Mr.. John r. Mcpherson to the
United States Senate, as the sue
cessor Of Mr. Frelinghuysen. 1t
appears that Mcpherson had very
high "claims" on the reform party.
In the last canvass he was on the
Tilden and Hendricks electoral
ticket and contributed $4,000 for
the purpose Of securing a Demo
cratic majority of only a single
vote onjoint ballot, and it would
not be a violent presumption at
all to suppose that the majority is
the result Of that expenditure.
Now man who is able to spend
$4,000 to control a Legislature,
and does spend his money for
such a purpose, is aft representa-
tive of Tilden and reform. In
electing him, his party recogniz-
ed the eternal fitness of things.
When he takes his seat in the
Senate, we will look for much elo-
quence from hat quarter, and if
he pleads for reform in the civil
service he will be no more incon-
sistent than a majority of the re-
cognized Democratic leaders.