davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23

Head, Ringworm, Ulcers, Sores,
rheumatism, Neuralgia, Pain in the
Bones, Side and Head, Female Weak
ness, Sterility, Leucorhea, arising
from internal liberation, and uterine
disease, Syphilitic and Mercurial dis
eases, Dropsy, Dyspepsia, Emacia-
ton, GeneIaf Debility, and for Puri.
flying the Blood.
This Sarsaparilla is a combination Of
vegetable Observation-Disclosures, Man.
drake, \ elbow Dock--with the Iodides
OF Potassium and Iron, and is the
most etficacious medicine vet known
Tor the diseases it is intended TO cure.
Its ingredients are SO skilfnlIv
combined that the full Alternative
effect OF each is assured, and while
1T is so mild as to be harmless even
to children, it is still so effectual as
TO purge out from the system those
impurities and corruptions which
develop into loathsome disease.
The reputation it enjoys is derived
from Its cures, and the confidence
which prominent physicians all over
.he country repose III 1t proves their
experience OF its usefulness.
Certificates attesting its virtues
have accumulated, and are con-
stantly being received, and as many
OF these cases are publicly known.
they furnish convincing evidence of
the superiority of this Sarsaparilla
over every other Alternative medicine.
80 generally is its superiority to any
other medicine known that we need
90 no more than to assure the public
that the best qualities it has ever
possessed are strictly maintained.
PREPARED By
Or. t. c. AVER L co., Lowell. Mass.
Practical and analytical ChsnsJsts.
SOLD By ALL pRvGGyggs xyxnYwHRRr.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
"a Complete Pictorial History Of the
Times. The best cheapest, and
most successful Family Paper
in the Union.
Rarper's Weekly.
ILLUSTRATED.
ILLUSTRATED.


NOTICES OF THE PRESS.
HAkPER'S WEEKLY should be in every
family throughout the land, as q purer, more in
teresting, hgher-tened, better-iflustrated paper
is not published in this or any other country
Commercial Bulletin, Boston.
The WEEKLY is the only illustrated paper OF
the day that in its essential characteristics ia
recognized as national paper Brooklyn Eagle.
The leading articles in HARPER'S WEEKLY
CUSTOM and its pictorial illustrations are eften
corroborative argument of no small force. -
Examiner and Chronicle, n. Y.
The WEEKLY has TO a still larger degree dis
tanced all competitors as an illustrsted news
paper. Its editorials are among the most able OF
their kind and its other reading matter Is 81 once
tons are abundant and OF rare excellence. Chris
tian Advocate, n. Y.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
CENTENNIAL REDUCTION
In ADVERTISING.

Three thousand, two hundred and dry dollars
Nerth Of newspsDsr advertising. ct pubiishers'
, ,ssss Siysn Tor SO and tAI:s mobths' mote
sbtn.y, ,Aprintsd iist. siviss name. ehasssssr,
ss0Aa dsiiv end vsskiy siroA,stion and schsduic
Hppi ~ :: ce,srasips ssnt ss 2 any addIsss:
~SSsscg51sing Agents, u Park Rev, n. I.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Club Prices for for the best Homo
and Foreign Literature. q

Possessed Of THE LIVING AGE ard one or
other Of our vivaeious American mOnthlies
subscriber will lind himself in command OF the
whole situation. "-Philadelphia Ey' Z Bulletin.
For sl0.5o 1HR LIVING AGE and either one oi
the American 81 Monthles Tor Hampers Weekly
or, for 80 90, THE LIVING ACE and scribneI
ST. Nicholas or AppletOn's Journal.
Address LITTLE Il GAY. Boston
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23

all cases Of private, chronic, and urinary di-
seases In all their complicated forms. Ii is well
known that DR. James has stood at the head OF
the profession for the past 80 years. Age and
experience are sll-important. seminal Weak.
face, lost manhood. can positively be cu1eed
Ladies wanting the most delicate attention, call
a write. Pleasant home for patients. book
for the million. Marriage Guide, which tells
you all about these diseases should marry
--why MOTTO cents TO pay postage. DR.. james
has 80 rooms and parlor. You see no one but
thedoetor OfncehOurs, a. m. to 7p.m. Sum
days, 10 10 IL. All business strictly conflden-
tai. 4-2s -dkw-ly
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23

The Most Eminent Living Authors such az
Prof. Max Muller, Prof 1yndall, RI. Hon. W
4. Gladstone, Dr. w b. GARDENER Proi liuA-
lev, r. A. Proctor Frances Power tobhe, he
Duke of Argyle, Jas. a. Froude, Mrs. Moloch.
Mrs Onphant, Mrs. Alexander, Miss Jhacl;e ray,
Jean Ingelow, George Macdonald. VIM. Black
Anthony 1roilope, Matthew Arnold, Henry
Kingsley. W. W Story, Auerbach. Ruskin,
Carlyle, Tennyson. Browning, and many other
are reuresenied in the pages of
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
THE new MAGAZINE.
RECORD TIE III YEAR
FOURTH SUiBER tJULY) READY TO.
DAY.
With fine Seel Portrait Of 4, 7. Stewar
Career, pssh, Win and Succession.

And besides lie unique and valuable Diary
important evens and occurrences throughout
he world, this number contains, among Two
aundred other articles, the following points OF
special interest
Queen Vlctorta's New Title.
pr. John Halls April philosophers lfools) .
Inc True American-a characteristic foem.
washington Marshal of France.
Jean ingelow's Fancy.
new Horse Car Poetry. for April.
Dom Pedro's Characteristic.
WHIST Party in the Ark
Three Capitalists-Astor, Stewart, Vanderbilt.
Mark Twin at Horse Auction.
T LIT Fem Female Lobbyist at washington
me Glrl Of Sevile-s Spanish Poem.
Royalty ia the United States.
Artemus Wards Character and Peculiarities
Monthly Record Of Congress, etc.
oo ahings t, b laughed at ,popuiar and touching
ave variety, that II forms the richest amount of
valuable and entertaining reading almost ever
embraced 10 . magazine.
This new Periodical, which has already reacn
VI such an enormous popularity, u
Connecting 1ew and original in the way of q
OMonthly Magazine. Being a sort of reference
scrap-Book or monthly record Of important
events that happen In any part OF the world,
WIFI selection Of the most popular miscellany
ofthe current month, prose and poetry, foreign
and an. domestic. Edited by Frank Moore. OF the
rebellion Record"
Beautifully printed, with an elegant Steer cor
trait of the most prominent person of the moI.th
IN each Number.
One Of the meet entertaining and valuable first
CLASS monthly magazines ever issued. Price, 90
cents a month or o.. 60 Tor years subscrip-
non-postsge paid by the publishers.
IL Yearly Subscriptions begin with any
month.
@. W. CHARLET0N / CO., Publishers,
Madison Square. New York
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Mltywuus's EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.

The British Quarterlies give to the reader we'll
aioested information upon the great events In
coutemporaneous history. and contain maiterly
sritieisms ON all that is fresh and valuable In
1tNnture, as we'll - summary OF the riuInphs
of3cience and art. The wars likely to COW llse
I'll Europe will form topics for discussion. that
will Be treated with Q thoronghness and ability
nDWhars else to be found. Biackwood's Maya
ztne u famous for stories, essays, and sketches
Of the highest literary merit.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Littell's Living Age

Jan. !, 1871, THE LIVING AGE enter upon
its i32d volume, with the continued comrncnds-
ton of the best men and journals Of the country
and with CONSTANTLY increasing success
In ls17, II will furnish 10 its readers the pro-
auctions of the foremost authors above nHuei
and many others, embracing the choicest Serial
and Short Stories by the Leading Foreign Novel
lists, and an amount
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
ALL WORMS REMOVED ALIVE.

E. +. Kunkel's Worm Syrup never fails
to destroy Pin Seat and stomach Worms.
Or. hunkel, the only successful physician
who removes Tape Worm In two hours
alive, with head. and no fee until removed,
Common sense teaches that II Tape Worm
be removed, all other worms can be readily
destroyed. Send tor circular to DIR. Kun.
KEEL, No. 259 North Ninth street, Philadel.
phfa, Pa, or call on your druggist and ask
for bottle OF Kunksps Worm Syrup.
Price. $500 Itnever fails.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
The k1Aest Living Writers.
in all branches Of Literature, Science, Art, ard
Politics.
iOPINI ONgi

IN an branches OF 1iteTuture, Science, Art, ard
Politics.
jOPINIO ms,
"-imply indispensable to any one who Iesire-
10 keep abreast Of the thought II the axe IN any
department Of science or Literature. "-BOslon
Journal.
"A pure and perl,stual reservoir and fountain Of
entertainment and instruction. Hon, Robert
G. Winthrop.
The test pc, iodical in America .''-Theo lore
l.. Cuyler, -. ID .
IN has no equal in any country -''Philade!-
phs Press.
'!treIroduees the best thoughts of the best
minds Of the civilized world upon all topics OF
living interest. -" Philadelphia Inquirer.
The best of all our eclectic publications. -
The Nation. New York.
And the cheapest a monthly that comes every
week The Advance, Chicago.
w ith 10 alone reader may fairly keen u
with al that Is important in the Literature his.
tory, politics, and science Of the day. The
Methodist, New York.
The ablest essays. the most entertaining
stories, the finest poetry Of the English Language
are here gathered 10 gether illinois state
Journal
'lndispensable to every one who desires >
thorough compendium OF all that is admirable
ana noteworthy in the literary world. ~ Boston
BCst.
Ought to find "a place in every Amc. can
Home New ork / lines.
Published NEEKLY at $50 year free OF
POSTAGE.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Ayers
Sarsaparilla

For Scr0fula, and all
scrofulous Diseases Fry
sipelas, Rose or st. An
thongs Fire, Eruptions
and Eruptive diseases
of the skin, Ulcerations
OF the Liver, Stomach,
Kidneys, Lungs, Pim-
lples, Pustules, Boils,
Blotches, Tumors, Tet-
ter. Salt Rheum. Scall
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
s9 EXTRA OFFER FOR 1877

To all new subscribers for ls77, will be cent
gratis the six numbers of is7C. containing. with
other valuable matter, the fret instsllmenis of .
new and powerful serial story, The Marquis OF
Lossie, !" by GEORGE MACDONALD, nov sp-
appearing in The Living Age from advance
sheets,
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
ST. NICHOLAS

THE King Of all Publications Issued
for the Young on Either Side Of the
Atlantic. ''-Southampton England Observer.
The third volume of this Incompatible
Magazine is now completed. With Its
eight hundred royal octave pages, and Its
six hundred illustrations, its splendid seri-
ETC., ETC., in its beautiful binding of red
and gold, it is the most splendid gift.book
for bows and girls ever issued from the
mess. Price. q in full gilt, %.
things The publication is, in all respects,
the best Of its kind. We have never yet
Son a number that was not surprisingly
eood. THE Churchman. Hartford Conn.,
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23

M WATCHES. Cheapest in the known
~ 81 world. SHHJts uutch md Quit free 10 3g,g,s,
w For terms address COULTER & 90 Chicago
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
T.. +. kunkeI's bitter Wine or Iron

sss = "Iht vi IRON
has never been known to fan IN the cure Of
weakness, attended with symptoms indis-
position to exertion, loss Of memory, diff
Guilty of breathing, general weakness, horror
OF disease, weak, nervous trembling. dread
tul horror OF death, night sweats, cold feet,
weakness, dimness of vision, languor, uni
versal lassitude OF the muscular system,
enormous appetite with dyspeptic symp-
toms, hot hands, flashing OF the BIO 1y, dry
ness of the skin, pallid countenapce and
eruptions on the face, purifying the blood
pain In the back, heayiness Of the eyelids
frequent black spots flying before the ewes
with temporary sutiisiOn and loss of sight,
want OF attention, etc. These symptoms
all arise from q weakness, and to remedy
that, use 4. f. Kunkeps Bitter Wine Of
Iron. II never fails. Thousan are now
enjoying health who have used 1t. Take
only Z. r. KunkePs.
Beware OF cOunterfeits and base imita-
tons. As Kunkeps Bitter Wine of Iron is
60 well known all over the country, drug.
gists themselves make an imitation and try
to sell II of to their customers, when thew
call for KunkePs Bitter Wine OF Iron,
KunkePs Bitter Wine of Iron is put up
only in 81 bottles, and has yellow wrapper
nicely put on the outside with the pro-
prietor's photograph on tho wrapper OF
each bottle. Always look for the photo.
graph on the outside, and you will always
be sure to get the genuine, One dollar per
bottle, or six for s5. Sold by druggists and
dealers everywhere
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
ST. Nicholas for 1877,

xy,;c, ouens witn November, 1870, begins
a shn-, "a ysr, entertaining serial from
the French, The, M 9om % .ns uieeu!,
. story adapted to s.o o 1898 ~ Sors
Another serial, Of 80 :.
VI e. Trowbridge,
,,rk HAzsrd Stories be.
autnof OF the has Holiday Number.
glns In the Sm,A Sories. Christmas stories
beelGes eeilHi ns and pictures for the
holidays, and SOM rirh d,s WINS hy Sisnaese
of Oriental spor.s,
artists,
mr.. Chu;... Holiday Number of
tA' oA ST. NICHOLAS.
estipg paper,
"THE BOYS OF MI BoYHooD,"
By William Cullea Bryant;
1.-THE Horse Hotel,' lively article, by
Charles A. Barnard, splenfdly illustrated I;
1.-THE Clock in the sky" by Richard A.
Proctor; "a Christmas Play for Homes or
Sunday-schools." by DR.. Eggleston 1.-The
Peterkins' Christmas TreeD by Lucretia
p. Hale; Poetry and Carols OF Winter"
Oy Lucy Larc0m, Win pictures.
Do Not Fail to Buy st. Nicholas for the
Christmas HOLIDAYS. Price % cts.
During the year there will be interesting
papers for boys, by William Cullen Bryant,
John G. Whittier, Thomas Hughes, William
Hewitt, DIR. Holland, George Macdonald,
Sanford b. Hunt, Frank K. stockton, and
others.
There will be stories, sketches, and
poems, Of special interest to girls, by Hsr.
riet Prescott Spotiord, Susan Coolidge,
Phelps, Louisa Alcott, Lucretia =. Hale,
Cells Thaxter, Mary Mapes Dodge, and
many others. There will be also
TWELVE SKY PICTURES
By Professor Proctor, the Astronomer,
with maps, showing "The Stars Of Each
interest any series on popular science re-
| Gently given to the public.
Amusement and Instruction, with Fur
| and Frolic, and Wit and Wisdom, will be
| mingled as heretofore, and ST. NICHOLAS
will continue to delight the young and give
pleasure to the old.
THE LONDON LITERARY WORLD
SAYS:
| "There is no magazine for the young tina
can be said to equal this choice pro 1uctioi
| Of SCRIBNER's press. All the articles
whether in prose or rhyme, are throbbinl
with vitality. The literature an
| artistic illustrations are both superb
The London Daily News says: "We wis
we could point out it's equal in our ow
periodical literature
GOOD NEWS FOR BOYS AND GIRLs
To meet the demand FOR . cheaper S.
NICHOLAS GiftBook, the price Of vols.
and ii has been reduced to 80 each. Th
three volumes, In an elegant library case
are sold for siO Gin full gilt. si5), SO that a
y ye thsT c shtSSsn ms4s complete Sc
: terial than fifty dollars worth Of the ordi
. airy children's books.
Subscription price, % year. The thr,
bound volumes and q subscription for Ii
!, year, only Sl2. Subscribe with the neare
. newsdealer, or send money In check, or
y q. money order, or In Registered letter,
SCRIBNER Il CO.,
TAB Broadway. N. Y.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
MISFIT CARPETS.

English Brussels. Three Ply and Ingram
Cloths, Oil Cloths, etc., very cheap
at the Old Place
liz FULTON ST.. NEW YORK
Carpets carefully packed and sent to an
part Of the United States free ofchsrge.
usEND FOR PRICE LIST. Ss
J 4. BXNDALL
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Unapproaehed by any other Periodical

in the world. Of the most valuable literary ana
scientific matter Of the day, from the pens Of the
lea ling Essayists, Scientists, CTiticA. DiacOyer
ers, and Edi' ors, representing every department
OF knowldge and Progress.
THE LIVING ACk, lin which IT. only COM
petitor, EVERY SATURDAY has been
merged). Is a weekly magazine of siNiy-four
pages, giving more than 4
THREE AND QUARTER THOUSAND J
double column octave pages Of reaoin g-rnAiter
yearly. IL presents in an inexpensive form,
considering its amount OF matter with ireshn.s-,
owing 10 It's weekly issue, and with satisfactory
completeness att mpt-d by no other publication
the best Essays, Reviews, Criticisms, Tales b.,
Sketches Of Travel and Discovery Poetry. scIeu
tlne, Biographical, Historical anu Political In
formation, from the entire body OF EofoIgn
Periodical Literature.
1t Is therefore invaluable 20 every American
reader a. The only fresh and thorough compila-
ton of an Indispensable current literature, in
dispcnrablc because II embraces the Production
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
DR.. JAMES.
Lock Hospital

CORNER
Washington
md Franklin
\ treets, Chi.
cage, Illinois.
Chartered by the
State OF Illinois
for the express
purpose OF giving
immnliIafe relief
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Nicholas Minturn,"
BY DIR. Holland, the Editor

whose story of "Sevenoaks gave the higA
est satisfaction to the readers Of the
Monthly.
The scene of this latest novel is laid on
the banks of che Hudson. The hero is n
young man who has been always "ticd TO a
woman's apron strings" but who, by the
death of his mother, is left alone in the
world-to DRIFT on the current OF life with
a fortune, but without purpose.
Another serial, ellis Inheritance" by
Miss Trafton, will begin on the compile ton
OF That Lass o. Lowrie's," by Mrs. Hodg-
son Burnett. Mrs. Burnett's story, begun
in August, has pathos and dramatic power
which have been surprise to the public.
There is to be series of original and ex
quisitely illustrated papers OF popular sci
| ence," by Mrs. Herrick, each paper com
| plete in itself.
There are tob be, from various pens, paper
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
Home Life and Travel"


Also, practical suggestions as to town and
country life, village Improvements, etc., by
w9'-kDown specialists.
MIR. Bsrnsrd's articles on various indus
cries OF Great Britain include the history OF
| "Some Experiments in Cooperation" "a
Scottish Loaf Factory in the November
number, and TOAD Lane, Rochdale," in
December. Other papers are, "The British
Workingman's Home,p "A Nation Of Shop
keepers, }" Ha'penny sWeek for the Child,''
etc.
A richly illustrated series will be given on
"American Sports by Flood and Field" by
various writers, and each on a diiiere nj
theme. The subject Of
Household and Home Decoration
win have a prominent place, whilst the
productions OF American humorists will APP
| pear from month to month. The list OF
| shorter stories, biographical and other
| sketches, etc, is long one.
The editorial department will continue to
| employ the abIest pens both at home and
abroad. There win be IA series Of letters on
| literary matters, from London, by Mr. Wei
| ford.
The pages OF the magazine will be open,
| as heretofore, so far a. limited space will
| permit, to the discussion of all themes at.
| feeting the social and religious lie Of the
oud sptC9hllN " iuc btrut>l
| OF the Christian thinkers and scholars OF
| this country.
We mean to make the magazine sweeter
and purer, higher and nobler. more genial
and generous In all its utterances and influ.
ences, and q more welcome visitor than
ever efore In homes of refinement and cul-
| ture
FIFTEEN MONTHS for 81.
SCRIBNER for December, now ready,
and which contains the opening chapters OF
Nicholas Minturn," will be read with eager
| curiosity and interest. Perhaps no more
| readable number OF this magazine has yet
| been Issued. The three numbers OF Serb
ner FOR August, September. and October
containing the opening chapters OF "Tha,
| Last O. Lowrie's," will be given to every
new subscriber (who requests it,, and
whose subscription begins with the presen,
volume, 1. e., with the November number.
Subscription price, 81 years. cents 6
| number. Special terms on bound volumes
Subscribe with the nearest bookseller, OF
send q check or j. o. money order TO
sCRIBNER IL CO.,
T43 Broadway. y. \.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23

Which has stood the test of &C
There is no sore it win not Heal,
Ache, no Pain. that Affiicts the HUI
man body, or the body of a HoDse
or other Domestic animal, that
does not yield to its magic touch.
a bottle costing 26o., Soc. or$l
has often saved the life of q Human
Being. and Restored to Life and
Usefulness Many Valuable
Horse.
I0-esd-d&w-lyi
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
TWELVE SKY PICTURES. "
THE LONDON LITERARY WORLD.

"There is no magazine for the young that
can be said to equal this choice pro suction
OF SCRIBNER's press. All the articles,
whether in prose or rhyme, are thr0bbing
with vitality. The literature and
artistic illustrations are both superb"
The London Daily News says: "We wish
we could point out it's equal in our OWE
periodical literature"
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23
TERMS Hncluding Postage:
Payable Strictly In Advance.
CLUBS.

A discount Of twenty per cent. viii be al.
lowed 70 clubs Of four or more persons:
Thus: four copies OF Lakewood or Of one
Review win be sent TO one address for
ia 90, four copies Of the four Reviews and
Maskwoodfor "a. and so on.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-02-23

New subscribers Applying eally, for the
year 1871 may have, without charge, the
numbers for the last quarter OF 1873 OF such
peFiodicsls q they may subscribe br.
Neither premiums to subscribers nor dis
count 10 clubs can be allowed unless the
money 10 RENTED direct To the publshers
No premiums given TO clubs.
Circulars with further particulars nay bs
The Hillsborough recorder., 1877-08-29

10 The regular round Of country farm
life Il i not uncommon 10 find some man
raising The same crop that bis father did
and % the same soil. unminful Of the fact
that the improved facilities Of Transports
tion or The introduction Of modern subrii-
tntos had removed from him ell possibili.
ties Of profit. 10 prevent this selfdecep-
ton smong our readers, which - more
widely spread than We are hardly willing 70
l,eliev, or confess, is our present object.
We earnestly sdyise all careful and pru.
dent farmers 20 avail themselves Of the com.
psrsiiys leisure Of tho winter months and
70 devote specific time each Gsy Or week 10
the adjustment Of their farm accounts.
Without Indicating any definite system or
method, /. a enough 70 say that every 10.
ielligepl men cap readily devise some sim
pie way of asceTtaibing whether bis labors
in any or al departments Of busbandry
have proved remesentiys. Ifan ezami-
nation 10 particular direction should ihow