The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1877-04-27
VOL. XXI---NO. II.
Valuable Farming Hints,

| interesting lelter from inc french cores
pondent of that most excellent periodical
The AmeSrtcan Farmer. We would more
particularly call the attention of our dairy
farmers to that portion of it under the
heading of"VaIpable Facts about Mich
Cows :"
FARM-YARD VS.. COMMERCIAL FERTur-
ZERs.
In the debate relative to farm. yard lersus
commercial manures. one element is over
looked, viz that no uniform application of
either fertilizer is possible. Flanders
owes most Of her prosperity to the intelli-
gent preparation and application of farm
yard manure, for the soil ofthat country is
silieious and naturally poor. Schloesing
maintains that the organic matters -humus
IN word as a cement in the case OF
light soils, and Rlsler believes, in concert
with carbonic humic acid decomposes the
tsllfates. Saxony possesses soil much re-
| senbling that OF Belgium, and barley and
rye are the chief crops cultivated, the eli
mate being dry. To keep up the fertility
of their soils, the Saxon farmers employ
much bone-dust, guano, super phosphates,
&c, but in specially associated manner.
When the rye is in flower, yellow lupinc is
sown at reaping time, the lupine has
well taken root, and grows vigorously after
| the rye has been removed. When the
plants are in flower, generally about Au-
gust, they are ploughed in, the CONNER
cial manures distributed, and the soil thus
prepared is re-sown with rye. In dry eli
mates and for light lands this mode Of ma
nuring is to be recommended.
| PARsNIPs FOR HORSES.
In Bretagne, horses are fed on parsnips
instead of oats, and no complaints are reg
istered as to falling off in condition. NJ.
LeBian feeds his carriage horses exclusive
| ly on parsnips, and the animals that he now
exhibits in Paris are superb. He gives
each horse 40 pounds of the roots daily,
distributed in three feeds the expense of
cultivating one cwt. of parsnips in one
franc so that the daily ration of each
| horse is about seven sous; now IA pounds
| of oats a day cost twenty nine sous, or four
| times dearer
| CLOVER OR MEADOW HAY.
DR.. Schneider still maintains the superb
ority of leguminous over meadow hays;
on dried clover, he adds, horse can work
we'll without receiving oats, while he
would sink under fatigue if supplied ex-
clusively with meadow hay.
VALUABLE FACTS ABOUT Mich COWS.
1t is commencing to be recognized
| truth with farmers, that to possess good
mich cows, they must be maintained in
good condition. Some do not hesitate to
recommend rations as liberal as are given
to fat stock 1t is known that the yield
of milk and butter increases with the
opening of the season for green fodder,
and when the secretion of the mammary
| glands becomes augmented. The green
food does produce more milk, but not
any action on the glands. The difference
besides in the azotized, or abumnous
matters, being more digestible in the form
| of green clover, luCern, etc, than in that
| Of hay, straw, husks and roots. The win
ter rations are relatively poor in blood
forming materials,-that is to say, nutri,
| tive matters. A large quantity also of the
| albuminous matters of hay and straw are
not utilized by the digestive tube, as the
| nutritiyc substances are contained in cells,
whose coats are rebcllious to the action Of
the digestive juices The more the forage
| is tender and young, the more the album
| en- is soluble and assimilable, the more
blood is formed, and consequently the
greater the secretion of milk. In winter
it is evident that if the yield Of milk is to
be increased, an augmentation must take
place in the food calculated to form it,
and the animal maintained in a salts
factory condition without being fat.
Having secured "a superior supply Of
milk, the next question is, how the latter
can be turned commercially to the most
| advantage. Denmark has furnished the
information. For long time continental
agriculturists were puzzled as to how Dan
ish butter was able 80 be shipped to Chi
ma, Japan and other warm climates, while
Normand butter ever melted on the route
Denmark churDs the cream ut tt degree
above freezing point, and scientifically, as
well as practically, her plan is sound. In
milk the caseine constitutes the cheese, and
fatty particles the butter. When the milk
contains more butter than cheese, it is said
to be rich when these matters are equal
it is of average quality; and when the
cheese predominates, the milk is poor
The butter can vary in proportions 'front.'
to 4, and the cheese from 1 to 2. As
general remark the last milk, the strip
pings" taken from a COW is twice as rich
in the butter as that contained in the first
milking. A drop of milk consists As mil
lions of globules so the size Of the buttery
atoms floating therein may be imagined.
Ordinarily the temperature of the cream is
raised before being churned; i'll Denmark it
is uniformly kept at the temperature where
ice commences to melt. Cold contracts
bodies, and under the same volume, aug
ments their weight; heat expands them,
but their volume is less dense. A low
temperature must promote the rising of
the creamy particles, since the serum in
which they float becomes much heavier
Place the milk taken from the same COW,
in two different vessels; that one exposed
to the lower temperature will throw up
more cream in given time.
Thrust metal rod into the fire, the
heat will gradually progress, till the rod be-
comes too hot for further holding; try the
same experiment with a morsel OF earth
enware; the heat will require longer time
to creep before paining the hand Hence,
milk will cool more rapidly in metal pans,
because conducted away more rapidly than
in porcelain ones, and explains at the same
time why, in Danish diaries, tin-plate dish
es are employed, narrow and deep-2O
inches high by 1G wide-to afford greater
metallic surface for cooling down. Iron
makes Il bad pan, as it rusts zinc is acted
upon by the sugar of the milk; copper
produces verdigrs; tin is expensive so
tin, plate is selected When the farmer
makes no provision of ice, he can cool the
cream by means Of well water. Cold con-
serves the milk, just as in Siberir, where
the remains of antcdiluYian animals, fur
elephants for example, arc found still fresh
in blocks OF ice. Heat turns the milk by
changing the sugar Of the milk into The
vinegar, preparing thus medium for the
existence of those animalcules ever floating
in warm air. Hence, why diaries cannot be
kept too cool and too far away from manure