Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1877-07-18

The distinction between the three
above-named articles, which exists
only in the degree of their specific grav-
ity, is clearly set forth i'm The Grocer as
follows:
"Among the chief products of petro-
leum, which enter largely into every
day trade, and about which very little is
known. even bv those who handle them,
are naptha, benzine and gasoline. all of
which are the first results of the distil-
lation of petroleum. The application
of the three names is oftentimes con-
fused, which may be easily determined
by the simple use of an hydrOmeter.
The first result of petroleum distillation
shows gravity of 30 deg. and the dis
tillation from that down to 50 deg. gives
what is known a gasoline. which is
used almost exclusively in patent gas
machines for the manufacture of burn
ing gas, a very fine light being obtained
from its use. 1t is also employed as a
carbonizer OF coal gas, and. when prop
perly applied at the meter, and with
improved burners. it adds greatly to the
richness of the flame. The gas compan-
les use gasoline As an admixture to their
product. i'm which case it becomes adul-
employed in its use.
The distillatiOn from about - deg.
down to Is deg. is termed benzine.
which is largely used by painters a a
substitute for spirits of turpentine: the
latter, being more oily, produces a much
heavier paint, a better finish and be-
ing much more durable, but benzine i
a quick dryer. and being cheap. j. eSpe-
.siallr- aIat.faI 70 rat.f1 and lntt-- -r,t-i.aN
work. The securing establishments
also use very large quantities of this
product. and it is deodorized and sold
in small bottles, under various names,
for removing grease from clothing and
similar purposes. When first taken
from the still it is highly odorouS. and
that disagreeable feature is only re-
moved by rehabilitation and treatment
with sulphuric acid. The goods that
are bottled and retailed in that way
frequently have some fragrant perfume
added to counteract the pungent Odor.
which cannot be entirely removed from
the benzine by any manner of treatment.
BenZine is sometimes used for burning,
but is exceedingly dangerous. and
should never be employed for that pur-
pose.
The heavier gravity product Of the
still, ranging from 81 deg. 10 65 deg,
is termed naptha, and is the lowest dis
tillation unmixed with oil. which dis
tills over at about 90 deg. Naptha is
used in the manufacture If varnish, oil
cloths. and patent feathers. 1t is also
largely employed in connection with
India rubber, Of which it is the only
perfect solvent, being very superior to
spirits of turpentine. We have shown
in this brief space the proper gravity of
these different products. and persons
who have occasion to use any of them
can easily protect themselves against
impositiOns by applying the hydrometer
test TO which we have already alluded. |
The finer burning oils are made from |
distillation ranging from 81 deg. down |
TO 45 deg. Most of the high test oils |
show a gravity of about Il deg. to Il /
deg, but this i too heavy for a very |
fine free-5urning oil, and the finest 1
product made has a gravity test of 30 /
deg. and fire test of $50 deg. Fab. |
This gives a perfect light, and may be |
used with absolute safety. The low |
priced kerosene oils, testing down a. |
low as 10 deg. Fab, and under. and of 4
I6 deg. to IS deg, are being superseded |
by the better grades: and the good re-
suits are shown in the very rare reports |
of injury to life or limb from the use of |
an article which, because ofits impurity |
and danger was, a few years ago. gem
erallV condemned. -