davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

Commencing the south side of Harlem River
at Kingsbridge, tho Gilbert Elevated Railway
goes thence along River street TO Eighth
nue.; thence along Eighth avenue to 10th street;
thence along 10th street to Ninth avenue; thence
along Ninth avenue to Fifty third street. thence along
Fttythrd street to Sixth avenue thence along sixth
avenue West Third Dtrect; thence along West
Third street to South Fifth avenue; thence
along South Filth avenue to Canal street;
thence crossing Canal street into West broad
way; thence along West Broadway to Chambers
sreet thence Chambers street College place;
thence along College place to Murray street; thence
along Murray street to Church street thence along
Church street to New Church street; thence along
New Church street to and Morris street, thence
through private property to Bowling Green; thence
around Bowling Green into Beaver street; thence
along Beaver street to Pearl street; thence along
Pearl street and New Bowery to DIVISION street;
thence along Division street to Allen street; thence
along Allen street and First avenue to Twentythird
street; thence along Tweutytbird street to Second
avenue; thence along Second avenue to Harlem
Rver thence along River street to Eighth avenue
Also connecting line through and along Chambers
street IRON West Broadway to Chatham street. thence
through Chatham street to DIVISION street. Also
extension from tho junction at Flty.th,rd street
through and along Sixth to Fiityninth street.
Along the line from Chambers street up West
Broadway, along South Fifth avenue, to where the
nearly completed structure has for some tinc spauncd
the from Houston strectto West Tn-dQormcrly
Amity) around into this street up to It's Junction
with Sixth avenue starting again from this point
up sixth avenue tar Forty second street. the
work In its various stages Is being carried on with
great vigor. Al one place the foundations are being
dug over feet in depth below the sidewalk. and at
another, where the ground not hrm enough, piles
beng driven to hard bod and crowds stand around
The New York herald., 1877-12-17
:-1NQRLA--N-RIHER.

New Haven and Hartford Railroad, and from tho in
terseGton OF Third and East 10th street over
and across Third avenue and over, through ana along
East i29th street TO Lexington avenues thence over,
through and along Lexington avenue TO River street
and the Harlem River thence over through and atoDg
River street and the southery shore of tho Harlem
River to and connecting with the railway of tho New
York and Harlem Railroad and Fourth avenue; thence
over, through aud along River street TO Kngsbrdge
with branch and turnout from the Intersection Of
New Bowery and Chatham square, over and through
and along Oh hatham square to Chatham street; thence
over, through ana along Chatham street to Park row
thence over, through AMI along Park row TO Tryon
row. there to with the railway to be laid over
the East River Bridge for to be operated
PEELED by steam; thence over through and along,
front OF and around Tryon to the Park; thence
along the Park and over, through and along Centre
street to Park street, thence over through and along
Park street TO Mott street, crossing over Mott street,
thence and through the block TO Doyer street,
crossing Dover street; thence over and through
the block 10 Pell street, crossing over Pell
street, over, through and along Pc street. and
intersectng the route hcrcinbeiore liked ana deter
mined, over, through and along tho Bowcry. And
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

gaps connecting streams Auka-debbc, Bahar-clabiao,
BaharcLazreK, Bahar kuta and Bahar-eLArdhe.
The 'mysierious, much talked OF river' OF schwein.
furth's slave hunters was indeed not the Uelle but
the great river INTO which II aows-the Kubanda anu
Bahar Kuta--whch IS so wide that nothing but sky
and water, could be iis shores, and where
the Mohammedans 'drcsscd in white clothing" were
ana perhaps stiil are, IN possession.
THE ISLANDS.
Fako Sambi speaks In his brieL report o. n tree
called kumba, which grows the hanks OF the river
Kubanda. Schwolnfurth also speaks OF the Kumba
tree. lie says:-"It Is tho Namnam name for very
fiery fruit, similar 10 the Malcuetta pepper riopid
1Etlopca), from whicn the pepper corn has dorived
It's name, was considered IN the Middle Ages costly
luxury and is probably tho same the Hibb-elSelim
,selm corns) which the natives OF Morocco dealt IN
long before black pepper became known. | am glad
to say the Nublans tho south deal in this pepper
as IA product now"
BRowNg's DESCRIPTION or TnR KULLA.
When the English traveller, W. g. Browne. visited
eastern Soudan ana the capital OF Darlur. IN l7e3
ana untIl Nachtigal reached Darfur in ls73 he
the only European who had been there-he heard
news the great river the south similar TO that
told Barth, SchwenIurth and Nacbtiga but il was
neither credited nor rightly understood. down in
tho southern districts said Browne, "wherc the
slave traders of Wadai and Darfur 90 TO fetch slaves
s the Bahar Kua The leading article OF trade there
Is salt twelve pounds Of when is demanded as the
price OF male slave. For female slave three
pounds asked, for, strange to say, pound
Is asked Tor tho eyes OF the slave girl, one pound
Tor her nose and one pound Tor her ears
when copper the standard OF value, four
rotals oil salt considered equal to
rotals OF copper la all commercial tran nsactons
Hoddur rough kind OF Venetian glass; pearl ana tin
are valuable. From tho latter rings and other
menis made. The natives OF kulIa arc described
as being Dack some places, In others rod copper
coorea. They have a nasal language, which is very
simple and easy. They have idols. They arc worry
clean as tncy may wcll be with such a superabun-
dance Of water they have IN thcr country,
extraordinariIy honorable and prompt In ali their
dealings with tho slave They have bouts on
the river winch, as IN England. sometimes pro-
PEELED by SAIL sometimes by the oar. The natives
often plundered ana are punished severely TOR any
violation OF the Law, especially slave VINO attempts
10 escape In the Knlia district, where the traders
visit, tnero was formerly King, OF which there Is
now but ialnt trace. the place bong governed by
whatever chictan has tho most influence tor the
time being.
''Thc kumba, or spice tree, found In such abun-
dance that you buy fodr nvc mid, or pecks, OF
pepper Tor pound salt. Tnc trees are 90 large,
In consequence OF the moisture and crty o tho SOL,
that Canoes DO dug OF trees large enough
to carry ton men, The slave dealers Of Darur tell mo
oyerrun and piundcrcd. tor the purpose Of securing
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

thence over, through and along East Thirty fourth
street and connecting with the Thiryourth street
icrry the Intersection OF East Thirty-fourth
street and Third avenue crossing East Thirty
fourth street. over, through and along Third avenue
10 East Forty-second street; thence over, through
and along East Forty second street to and
across Fourth avenue to and connecting with the
depot known the '.Grand Central occupied by the
New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Com
pany, the Now York and Harlem Railroad Company
and tho New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
Company, and from the intersection OF East Forty
secord and Third avenue crossing East Forty
second street, through, over and along Third avenue
East Ninety second street; thence over through
and along East Ninety second street to and connect
ing with the Astoria ferry and from the intersection
OF Third and East Ninetysecond street, cross
ing East Ninety second street, over through and
along Third avenue TO East 10th street Qherc
connecting with the ferries, having landings
at Harlem Bridge; thence over. through
ana along East 10th street TO the Intersection
OF East l29th and the Harlem River, over and
along the Harlem River to First avenue; thence over
and the Harlem River, connecting with the
depot OF the Portchestcr branch OF tho New York.
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

the rreat Central African streams until We come 70
TncKey's COMO, which IL identical with Thomas
Wogsa's Ayah sixty eight days journey from Cniapar
HOW does Il happen that IN all recent maps We ose
SIGHT Of the Cong where Tuckey lett orr Because
II was the only knowledge had OF the upper course
OF the stream and II is only IN the hight OF Slane'a
brilliant march ana HIS explorations, uniting u al tue
various points have discussed tho foregoing, that
we ascertain its direction to be from dog. sou'h
latitude TO deg. north, then northwest, then
west wa Bahar kulla, the Kubanda and the Bahar
Kuta 10 Tuckcy's Point, IN deg. north latitude,
thence running IN southwesery course TO its
mouth. Until Stanley came down the river no ono
could question deny the OF ruckeys facts
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

In addition to the completed portion from Sixty
first street and Ninth avenue to the intersection
of Greenwich street and the Battery, the route
OF the New York Elevated Railroad will be
from the latter point TO, over and across Battery
place to tho edge Of The Battery and State street;
thence over through and along the edge OF the Bat
terry ana State Whitehall street, thence over,
through and along Whitehall street, TO and connect
ing with South ferry, Hamilton avenue ferry and
Staten Island erry and from the intersection OF State
street and Whitehall street and across Whitehall
street TO street, thence ove through along Front
street to Coenties slip, thence over, through along
and Coentes slip to the intersection OF Cocntes
slip and Pearl street; thence over, through and
along Pearl street TO hanover square, thence over,
through an along Hanover square and Pearl street
to John street, thence over, through aud along John
street and Burng slip TO- along and across South
street to and connecting with the Fulton Jerry; and
from the John street and Pearl street.
crossing John street, over, through and along Pearl
street and Franklin square to New Bowcry; thence
over through and along New Bowcry and Chatham
square the Bowery; thence over through and along
the Bowery TO Third avenue; thence over, through
and along Third to East Thrty-fourth street;
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

lug tbs foundations being laid and the socket
casting placed. From Worth TO Franklin street the
columns erected at different points along the ne
they having been placed as they happened to come
from tho contractors works. Above Franklin street
the foundations aud socket castings all IN place up
Canal street. and along south Fifth avenue they are
all finished up Houston street where the completed
part OF the structure coming from franklin street
ends Aion=, Sixth avenue the foundations being
for and laid. and at Fortysccond street SIX
columns are up three each side. he longitudinal
grders connecting them and the crossbeams over the
avenue IN pl,cc and tho 'doubledeckcr' oftne
Sixth avenue road passes calmly aud safely under
them.
Commencing at Tweulty second street the supcrstruc
turc is also being erected working down town, aud
SIX pillars are up four being connected by the long
tudina orders and by the crossbeams, on which the
rails will rest The columns acre placed close
the outside OF the tracks OF the sixth Avenue Railroad
ard tue trains viii run just over them
on the West Broadway and South Filth avenue
there VIII be stations at Chambers, Franklin and
Grand streets.
The contract tor the lower part of sixth avenue is
in the hands OF the Edgemoor Iron COMPANY, and the
upper part Is under contract to the Keystone Com
pany The columns tirese divisions oil a square
section being composed of four pieces bolted together
During the excavaiing along the lower division
complete skull aud portion Of one were found in The
cellar OF q cooper shop IN West Broadway, between
Worth and Thomas streets ana Friday. IN an cxca
walton Tor a ioupaation in tho square between Cham
and Rcade streets, cannon balls were found
one FOUNDER and tho other tnirty-two FOUNDER,
and near them old New Jersey cent. 1856 They
were about eight feet below ground Some old silver
coins were also found adjoining the
same day.
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

watching the falling OF the heavy ram the head OF
the pile gradually drop after drop, drivingit sowyin
Again. In another spot, the foundation stones with
concrete where necessary, are being laid above the
piles, with the tour long rods passing from nuts and
washers up through them, and around which the
brcklayers lay the brick foundations, which rise some
eight feet to the sidewalk, brick by brick,
inc!ining gradually inward from the size OF the
two foundation stones together, which in
feet and six inches square at the top.
The Dimensions OF the foundation bases vary at
different places, being substantial at the points
where the stations TO be- These foundations being
laid, the rods still extending several Inches above
them, the large iron castings, weighing ton each,
which the sockets into which the feet OF tho
columns TO DO placed and at the four corners OF
which are holes Tor the rods to pass through are
hosted and let down along the rods until they rest
upon the cement on the brickwork. They are then
bolted down by OF screw nuts dttng on to the
inch and naf rods. The castings some two icct
in height, with strengthening aanges trepdng down
from OF the sockets which grooved to
1T the nanges OF the column ana which reaches IN
depth to the bottom OF the casting
Insertion Of the columns is the next work These
are about foot diameter the division o. tho
line between Chambers street and West Third formerly
Amity) being larger al the stations; are circular in
form, with vertical anges, and are composed OF six
wrought pieces OF the length Of the column In the
central and principal part forming segments Of the
CIRCLE and with hall anges perpendicular TO It's plane,
thickness OF tho segmcnta part being nearly three
quarters OF inch. The six parts the anges OF which
are poted together intervals form tho column.
These SIX Hanged columns which used on this part
Of tho line considered as being very strong and
are constructed under patent belonging to the Clark
Reeves Iron Company, Of Phgnlxvie, who are con
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

structng under contract and under supervision vi
railroad companys this OF the road The
columns are hoisted by means OF derrcks into their
sockets in which they are caulked tight with mix
of iron and concrete, interior o. the
column after Is up filled with concrete thus fur
ther Strengthening IT.
From their circular form and the vertical lines made
down them by the nanges the columns look much
slighter than they really are
The columns, which average In height some four
teen feet 1t mas been calculated, when the super
structure has been completed, VIII not be subjected
from the stationary weight and the moving loads Of
the trans to strain Of more tnan four thousand
pounds TO the square inch OF section, which IS
about hall OF that which those OF similar strength
calculated to bear that the margin OF safety IS
large; IN fact much larger than is usual in bridges.
Tho engineers say they would stand working
strain OF than double that TO which they are to
be subjected. he specifications require that part
OF the structure shall be subjected greater strain
than 5000 pounds to the square inch OF section
in tension compression. The foundations, accord
ing to the specifications to be constructed That
the pressure the base shall exceed 900 pounds
per square foot. The columns distributed along
the line at distances apart varying from forty eet to
nearly sixty depending, OF course, on the width oi
the streets to which the beams will span. In
crossing Canal they viii be sixty apart.
They ara placed tho corners OF zach street. and
the blocks spaced with them TO suit
According to the specifications the wrought iron
used by the Tor the columns be tho
best kind put in American bridges Each piece Is tested
thoroughly before goes into tho shops be wrought
into section for the column, and these latter are
afterward also thoroughly tested.
the condition of tho work along the line at present
is about as iollows-From Chambers street TO Worth
street the excavations for the ounda,ions being
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

with siding for turn around, commencing at the
OF Coentics slip aud Water street thence
over, through ana along Water street TO whitehall
street: thence over through and along W whitehall
street 10 and nlersecng tho route herenbeiore liked
and at intersection OF Front street and
Whitehall street. And also route OF connection be-
ginning at the intersection OF Ninth avenue and West
Ninety second street, over, through nnd along West
Ninety second street Eighth avenue; thence over,
through and along Eighh avenue to River
street and the Harlem River; thence over
through and along River street and over and
along tho Harlem River, and crossing the Harlem
River at or near the High Brdgc, to and connecting
with the New York, Boston and Montreal Railway or
the depot thereof and to and connecting with the
spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad or the depot
thereof.
NoTE.-This is the route prescribed by the Rapid
Transit Commission but tho company, under pre-
vious charter intend to run from their present ter
minus on Ninth avenue, at Sixty-rst street, up this
avenue 10 West u0h street; thence over, Though
and along West 10th street to Eight avenue thence
over through and along Eighth avenue TO The Harlem
River rs the prescribcs The dotted inein
tho cut shows the laid down BY the commission
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

con ccived notions that the Nile was directly north
and the Congo directly wcst II Is Impossible to say
but It is certain that when Stanley arrived at Nyangwe
in October 1885, nothing known OF the course Of
the stream thirty miles away.
STANLEY ARABS.
After quoting several passages from Mr.. Staney's
letters, where tho explorer gave his reasons for
dortaking the journey into the unknown regions,
and the told him by Arabs and others to deter
him, If possible. from proceeding into Equatorial
Africa DR.. Petermann proceeds:-
Having these Ideas Stanley, with o wonderful
strength OF will, determined 10 follow the course of
the river at all hazards, whercsoever It might lead,
whether he to be aided o. abandoned by all His
idea was apparently TO make short cut across tho
African continent and arrive at San Salvador, In the
ncignborhood Of the lower Congo, from a
westerly route, six months after leaving Nyangwe.
He no longer considered the question OF the Luaaba
as Livingstone had done. 'sMy opinion is that the
Luaaba cannot be the Nie, despite It's northern
course, for at Nyangwc the stream extremely
strong so powerful indeed that IL exceeded
the volume OF tho Nile by two.thrds The
details OF the journey have been made known
through the daily press. The geographical data in
dispatches about the Congo inform us,
In brief that the Lualaba-Cong takes a norherly
course from deg south TO deg. north latitude and
from there runs northwcsterly and westerly. Living
stone right whom no looked Tor the Lualapa z4
deg. north from Nyangwe and Cameron was wrong IN
looking Tor 1t IN the west
oSE RIVER WITH
When Nachtigal in ihc Soudan in 1878 he
followed a large stream, tho Bahar Kuta, south from
Dariur and wadai; also went over it where It
went from east TO west, and shows IL on his
map to be between dog. Is min. and deg.
20 min. north latitude, and % deg 10 min. and %
deg. longitude east from Green wich. Schweinfurth
went from there (SachtgnI's Miri). and
third degrees further SOUTH and Is impossible
therefore, Bahar Kut, extends st urtncr south,
perhaps TO 8 deg or deg. 80 min north latitude.
Tho Mohammedans Of that district, who carry sword
and fire Tar as the Equator, always avail them
SEW, OF the great Tor travel, all going
north west criy direction, which flow into large
stream running westward from the Bahar kuta-
Tney represent II being larger than the Schar, full
OF crocodilcs and rhinoceri,, and divided IN It's
course by numerous Inhabited islands, but II is not
connected with the Schari IL have doubt" says DR.
Nacht,gal "thal the Bahar Kuta explored is identi
cal with Bar,b's kubanda and schweniurth's Ueiio,
but there Is stl question as 10 It's being the upper
course CT the ScharL" Twenty years previous-viz.,
In ls52-pr. Barth reported an Immense stream IN
the samo locality.
AN ARABIAN EXPLORATION.
That Barth's Kubanda was IA river similar to that
described by the Arabs. prominent among the hun
dreds OF large streams that water The soudan, is
proved BY reci,as OF certain journey made TO II
by Arabians. THIS tourney was undertaken by some
The New York herald., 1877-12-17

slaves, anu that they being gradually cxtcrmi.
mated
the ROUTE OF TRADE, ROBBERY MURDER.
Until Brownies map appeared giving tho route from
wadai and Darfur to the great river IN the south,
to the Bahar Kuh, the route OF trade, robbery and
murder In Africa not known, and people al one
time made the Bahar Kula run into Lake Czad; at
another In the Niger; again. into tue Caiaoar or
Camerun or else il altogether separated from tho
river system oi Central Africa But with the aid
OF the latest maps the mystery is cleared up
The road from wa1a (NadaD via Schera-
RIB Il ,schld and Saaamat; that iron Kobc (Dar-
fur) via Dar romurxe Gulla and Bahu Miri. The
road from wadai Rlschii and Salamat to tho
Bahar kulla Brownies map was IRON ten TO eleven
degrees by the latest map o that country, by Mach
tga to the Bahar kuta Is about the same. Brownies
road Dsrlur roinurkc, Guila ana Banar Mir
10 tho Bahar Kula between eleven and twelve de-
gross Nachtigai's road from THIS place To tho Bahar
Kuta was the same. Heinrich B,rtn ana Fako samh',
like Browne, observed the abundance Of the kulnba
anu the chcapncss Of the spice.
srASLgY's RIVER LONG KSowS.
From all this there 20 bc no doubt that the
Mohamnedans nave known OF the grand river,
which Stanley has raversed, from very remote date
The OF the Arabs IA the sondah date back
the earliest days OF Islam, during tbous ni years
more, and during all this time they have continded
in characters oil slave hunters ana slave ueaierA
We know Tor certain that Islam has held
sway in Dariur Tor nye hundred years, hrst assum-
ing control OF ana finally dispossessIng tho
nboriqtnes Inuecd II is not improbable the Arabs
paye carried on their trading and plumber the
Congo itself and tnat il only the strength and
warlke character Of the Inhabitants along It's banks
that caused them 10 make boundary In Central
Africa at about or 4 deg. north latitude, because
IN East Africa they held sway far Cape Dcgndo,
10 II deg south latitude and IN West Area
the Atlantic Ocean.
rnK "KUMRA.n
The fruit OF tho kumba has long been regarded In
Africa as well the East, as the hcalihiost condi
pcnsivc and much drug in the regions OF tho
great lakes many years ago. Probably iu The Middle
Ages IL was much sought alter as II was by
npothecares the end OF tho last century, when
1t known PIPER 4Ethtoricum, and was,
perhaps, carred over Stanley's river. From
whatever point tho spice islands OF tho aucient
channel ri Wade commenced, the spice carried
undoubtedly TIM soudan particularly 70 wada and
Darfur. over the trsdo route the great southern
river The drectD OF this channel OF Wade Is shown
TO have bcen Tor a,hundfed years certainly, as vel
defined little changed the roulo from IN.
xipar via Unyanycmbi aud JJUi TO Nyangwe The
Kulla is always called tho "grcat water. " as
being distinct sho other large rivers OF Equato-
rial Africa
WHAT STANLEY DOM.
With Nachtigal's banar Ku,a wo lose tho trace OIL
The New York herald., 1877-12-17
A CHURCH ROBBED.

Tho Dutch Reformed Church on wycKon street.
near THIRD avenue, Brooklyn. was robbed Saturday
night OF a table and piano cover, also clock. Tho
poor boxes we're demolished, but as they contained
no money tho burglars had tneir work Tor notning.
An entrance was gained through roar WINDOW winch
Wa IeIL unfAstened.