The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-11-11
or EYNSINUT.
How che Eyea or th~ Nourr nrc Damaged IN
school and ut Homo.

Ft,r 0s P,,l,r Srs,,ce uorhly
Rcsuming now the consideration OF near
sight. We proceed Ia suggest some of its prnci-
L. Too curly use by school children ~ books.
states and VIZ ting paper. or copy books. when
blnckbOnrds and models would be better. Type
ANA script letters and ilgufts, and their prma-
~ combinations. at least should never ho
taught from books. hrt from large and perfectly
formed models. printed on cards and hung on
the wall Whom the Eye ana thu memory are
sufficiently trninr ed TO nsfv rneou and name
zach letter and figure At sight. and when some
knowledge mas been gllncd Of the power oi 1T
tors anu Hgur.s IN comhinat. IN. then the same
acquantnnccs. and may b. studied without
straining the signt. Totraln the hand without
sttMining thc slant presents u greater practical
difli uty. In the largo schools. of course. all
the children cannoi goto the blackboard. But
cons iderahc practirr in draw ing largo lines
ana simple puJr .is Ga good s.rd surs. in
sort of irec-hand style. should proceed the for
nation Of letters and II ,ur"=, and when these
are began thcV should br made OF generous
size. correct position. meanwhile. should be
AN imperative requirement. and until II he
comes hubitunl ana r.-v GOOD work shouI be
held 10 b" 81 secondary Importance. Hard
slate pencils aud grrnsy slate surface should
nut T.. permit 4 hoth should be subject to sys-
2. Ignorance or laNity on the part of parents
and PRIMARY teachers. IN p'rmitung faulty pc
sligrS on n.Nd. body. ana book during r'Hdins.
study. and writing: and in not sceking early 90
secure the int lgcnt corporation OF the pupil
by eimile anu appropriate physiological in
3 4 prolonged anl s,oady looking Mt nm oh
jrct or at olirris near the eye. though AT a
proper disttnr" Without rest or frequent
'hIrso % tn visual 20 U.S. rs in long and NIB
sorbrd novel readlns, int"i So study. Or persist
tnt diugenS' in urrilcwurk.
l. VA" prHrticc OF reading or otherwise using
the slHht at too snort range. THIS results in
pnrt from insufficient light or from its inul,y
dire tlon. So that tn" hand or body throws a
SHADOW on Ia" p.., . or 80 that tn- direct rays
inll upon tic csc. D4u~ .n. undue contraction NJ
the rupli. while the nae- il in shadow. II re-.
suus also from impr1p tiy grad "a desks. from
D. X.
ami 'rum inuliy color and quality of printing
paper. also. from une writing inN-pale when
Us nd-and from the Substitution of the lead
pm u i"r iAr J. %. raIf laiy n tic evening
D. prone or forward position Of She head too
long maintained. or frequently repeated. and
h'''hiln- unht ~ = o. suits ltoin reading
or sinly.n with books 10 tine lap end from the
usr 81 desks not Lrtdcd Ia m" height Of the
pupil pr. Howe reports pupils varying ~
lnru'- in height scented 100 the same grade ol
desks. The distnn"c oi tn "y" from the pagn
should 4 p" les Than ~ nor more than Is
inches Having IN" desks st too far from the
seals nlso INDUCES tho-, inu.tV positions Tho
ROM u u" desk should overlap the seat one or
Donlrr- saws: " In tho hygiene Of myopia the
very first point ia q" guard against worhng IN
desks. and indicates rect linear drawn. on "a
Nat SURFACE HS "lnss Of WORK which Is es-
pccially objectionable.
9. Sinae .vitai"d atnoepi re is a frequent
lratgTn OF thr school r,Sm. o. may not he ami~s
rcrtly 10 nlure IT nM h. destroy, the sight.
l. Allowing sun slnre ON the pnge while
roG1lng. also Transitions from cloud shadow TO
sunshine.
s. Reading and studying in railroad cars il
known a. be- y fruitful source Of injury.
9. But insufficient light. perhaps moro thnn
amy other cause. produces disea-e Of the eye
aud Management oi the vision. This Is not con-
fined t. the schools. Sadly frequent ~ II n
found To- he there. IL is believed 10 bee yet oitenrr
illustrated ut home. both 10y daylight and IN the
evening. in preparation for the school and
otherw 80. Artificial illumination il faulty at
best but. even IN the most favored homes the
elder group IL apt to monopollzn the shud I'd
drop liSht or student lamp. while the schOolhOy
Dutrr circle.