New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-10-25
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
SECOND DAY OF THE MEETING.

Although there was a sprinkling OF new faces
IN yesterdays attendance at the meeting OF the Naou
Academy OF Sciences the audience In the chape OF |o
umba College was the whole, httle larger 'na" VII
the day before. Possibly few Of the members iouu
other attractions in the city The additions OF Heoe
In attendance were largely from New-Haven Including
Professors Dana verril, silman and Newton 81 '"N'
the delegation from Yale exceeds haI doLeu rIon
Nev-Jersey there were Professors Morton ana 1No''
Iate in The afternoon the meeting changed place. ana
ascenaed to the geological leciure-room OF 'he
School ofMnes where attendance Of several visitors
not connected with the academy increased the audience
10 respectable SIZE The object OF this change OF base
was to enable geological essaysts to illustrate ther
remarks from cabinets I'm charge of Professor New
berry The speakers could also be better heard in TINS
lctureroom visit othe academcians has been maze
very agreeable by private Inequalities of Professors
Barnard and Chandler the latter providing an elaborate
lunch each day his residence; the former giving inc
comforts home some OF the visitors, ana last even
Ing entertaining all the members at very pleasant recep
ton The following essays presented at the meet
ing yesterday:
ORIGIN OF OUR STORMS
Professor Elias Loois was usual at these meetings
on hand with contribution TO the science oil 'ne
weather This series OF studies must rank among 'n0
most valuable work of the kind in the world US Tue
constant endcayor Of Professor LOoms 70 bring together
on some uniform plan the data obtained by the Slsnal
service and 10 deducc from the great mass o. aVs
general laws that underle the changes OF inc
I'm This he has been prominently successful, anu
he might add TO The service he has given to meteoroogy
II he would collect these scattered essays VI oU"' In
II he has traced the genesis Of our great storms ny
senfSN me hs S' fw can be traced to the Pacific
Ocean near northern borndery OF the Cultou as'
bur no example found OF anY considerable s,oIu "
log on the Pacific coast south of Oregon large pro
portion OF our great storms originate ana are l
wholly within territory. lac loHOWIhS II tHo
usual process in the birth OF storm II" peslu
with, there generally an area OF ei' fbe
diameter throughout Whch lne plrohttI s't, ma
mean ON opposite sides of tails areagentr aiy east ana
west--at distance OF perhaps lOOO miles apaI', ~
rras al h barometer The rise Ol the mercury IN these
side Is usually oncquarter OF an iucn VI Te
atmosphere these TWO side areas oesns 10 NOV
toward the utpi area lac currents mus eS' H.
earths rotation; and dminlShed pressure io Si
over the central ara WIN Va I've ,Cr as.s and
comes from all sides The Oi low pressure assumes
an cXi ro1 uf il The winds are V.leht, II may De
moro nearly circular. With rotation, ccnlillSal Olce
il dcyt cd wnicn increases the depression All up""u
movement of atmosphere wit in tue depression area
is copnuuou>: otherwise the inflow would restore inc
eogiubriuin THIS upward movement carries large ahOus
condeu>cs as lam. Tie heat hbera,ed 10y condensation
Increases the rareucuon the area; and tuus ram ID
creases the a sOrm housn never oI'EHdt'h~ It,
Tue iae conclusion may also ice dcduc rom ,ne i"ci
That inflow btgn before there Is any precipitation u
A. to the forward progress Of The Storm the following
general observations may be- made Inc west Wlhd "hCh
is Characteristic OF tns part o tne Noi'u
the storm IL may, however, meet interruptions
arte,tcd IN forward progress, VIII D. t"e
seat Increasing force duing inc INTERRUPTION ana me
vfo.,,cr me il.ureincc wnicu constitutes ,orn
,,,,t, in, M, lower currents ul tnc utmOs llcIe.
The up e. cdIrens beng comparatively unauccted' me
plessur. Cf Iue general VINO hOM ne west Genus 10 u'
I'M te iar ii "a area Oh that SHE DO above aud below
a., H. ,,'.t side olv the lower surface wind c0ust-
tut inflow, wAu- Ca" upper poIuoA Oh t.e s'oiu
nloyi.g coward tue cast uuder le>..re Of TIE west
wind. IL follows mat me UPWARD MOTION Wlth.n t..o
takes place chiefly on the east eur oi ''''
sufficient To re>tUIe equilibrium. A further result 81
tnis process that te 0epr sson AT Tue centre con-
stiutl transferred toward lht cast
ia, u t-clc should De great precipitation OF Vdloi
Oh Ile west slue o tue storm Area tie GENRE m'l bee
prevented from gong t,'t"". a. may o 49,, "a 500
n,y even be quite diN rte" to""Id lHe "Vs,
ollie OF ht most siliolI- 0l tuc>t ctce'brttihnc' e."
l~7I to JauuIy l., 1S7J-tne storm centre Oscil'icd
Du.u- tuaI ume inc winds ON tbc west OF me
blew "ltu tine force OF nun c"aer' accon'.i'u ~
fred iu tn.t instance 10y Professor Looms, is that the
eVtf.',e .r,eiI. ou ON o. west slide c-u,re
va roo5h, Gauss of tue slow progress ami ",s It's III
duc 90 cold wind moan oVc the continent u""e.no"'nS
warm current aiI>i ~ llOm near ttc Gun out".I'
SOUND AND FOG SIGNALS.
Professor Henry began tnis essay with general sta.e
1neut OF the aboIs and success OF the Uni.ed states
Lighthouse Board. Our whole coast, from Maine to
Mexico. il cfeculiy Duoycd and Illuminated. hc light
covering i'm ordinary weather every square yard of TIE
coast sufficiently for tine purposes OF navigation. But
against fo-s. other precautions than that Of lights must
be adopted Thee precautions have been flon time 20
time described Tie Boaid have recognized tie need Of
eNpc. Ieit 10 ttrniIe tao utmost ecH,ncy OF log
t-rd- The following re9us have been arrived al: %
iuud sound, spread rWaly from tAe mouth OF a
Trumpet and al tnC wuuc horizon al tAc distance
q few ml s. idI@noNe leHe'lo' uA9 uoluS &c
sound li the direction of It's axis Tor NH. cor tW0i al
tlr or luur mic tIe -0dIo heard a. wei bcurIt as
iu front of tAc IeurtoI. ~ soluu j. near tuI'"I
when moving with TIE wind thc surface iltu when
mo, ing a-~I u; rut Ia ~ are exceptions 10 tL ruir
and before change ~ wiui Tie sound "e4lt lurtner
in opposition thtn ia the same direction - ine surface
T.ctXccitiul, are referred 10 lue effect pl % uir
pcrw.nd prcvulu- n 20 contrary nitcl n>.-1-| II IS
oSbIsled omar uutlet logs u"" n" i'lu .,'tieH WIN
IL frtusIni.~oIul iol suuuus. lb Sound may become
i'"g'3 ,orui Hr ,d w1d blows ata.uSt Inc u-c,
ton from when thc sound moving; dhd referred 10
tn fitting 90 TIC front of tie sOuud-WaNc so tuai u PASSES
lyrr tle mead Of the observer ANA iteNJd dt,ccAd@
f. Ii not due 10 special condition oil the atmosphere 40
lordli by Wulcu tuc sUuud ], avs rhcd
trd In au opposite d.rec uOI-,h.l j.. Win the
SDi,d n I,drD.ndpu,ly Of tAe wind, however. tuc
al, docs ot uu ul occt~ious transmit sound WIth equal
f.ri.f. A. .teryrI.u- air be heated above or coo4CG
c -.,..,i -ic M re VIII he FRACTIONS
snlrd t6J Sound shadows" are sometimes psOduC ed
~, i..,i1, portjos %. lnd. or other Obs accs. In
- ,ch - 4. "a return N sound from tnc horizon or
tl..tc the opening tue trumpet, aud occurs d.riu-
botu clear and toeT weather. ana N4'h Vailohs WIlds
SUPERINTENDENT I.:cssor Hcnry's essay described
very int,resu4 series oil experiments Iici IL IcuOoscOt
By al alocality T"ere ne sud OF a oHu TO- s'snt
hrSoud that was heard aga H. Inc eAicI'Ho.t" "cio
very Satisfactory 300 PROVES many OI lNo pi"posi.ois
above euuuciaicd especially tndt the Interference win
TIC sOunu was U.e ~ ,., I'm vel .,,lig oul b, ard
thcic VAS no sutn IA'e4i "P'''- ~ '0''S''o wv ~ va
the shore
TnE DEyELoPMENT or FLOUNDERs.
The title OF Professor Alexander Asa'sizs essay Noud
scarcely have proved attractive 10 the majority oi
hearers, but paper before the meeting has been
listened Ia with closer attention. mas caused more re-
mark Tue questions IL gives rise TO lie AT tie ouhdatoh
Of scientific theories natural history, and Professor
AcAa.a,r as-z mas something OF his fathers ski ~
,restiuc such questions stripped Of commodities At
Ia previous nrcug OF the Academy Lo dIseie7rl l"e