The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-12-16

s"'thl INC lsIahu from emu 10 Gnu, Tor inc strict
maintenance OF justice and the furthcrancc Of
education. But II may be- said that those sur
prising facts prove too mu'h that however jul
dicious the measures adopted during the last
half century. the Dutch were not always en-
lightcncd governors; these must have fallen
short of such large results. had there not exist
cd special facilities and unique h'li OF nppli-
cation. Thus W. arc led 20 ask Just how much
prosperity the lioIandcrs found In Java, and
TO what extent and by what means they have
contrivcd t. foster and augment II.
What the Chinese are To the Mongolnn. the
Javanesc are TO the malay racc-thc Highest So
clal and intellectual type. There Is abundant
evidence that an elaborate and splendid civliza-
ton was at n remote epoch developed in the
island Of Java. When tho considerable re-
mains Of Javancs, literature have been invcst-
gated we shall probably know how far this civil
l2ntion was Indigenous. and how much II owed
10 the great wnvc Of Buddhist influence which
swept over this part Of the Malay archipclagoat
Il date not later. apparently. than the first cen
turtles OF our ora. II would seem that the ma
jcstic monuments which attest tho existence OF
powerful empire must be- referred TO the same
period. since they arc associated with tho Bud.
dhlst faith. which continued dominant In the
island until the close Of tho fifteenth century.
We may here note the curious circumstance that
the asccndancy Of Islam over buddhism In Java
was almost exactly contemporaneous with its
victory over Crock Christianity on the
Bosporus; but in tho former case the
displacement Of the vanquishcd religion
was radical and absolute OF the architectural
remains above referred TO- three are specially
remarkable. and ono of these. the vast domcd
and turrctcd edincc known rs the Tcmple of
Borobodo. was visited by DR.. Field This is the
huge pyramidal mass of which Alfred Il. Wal
lace said that the amount Of human labor and
skill expended on tho pyramids OF Egypt sinks
into insgnincancc whom compared with that
required 90 rear this sculpturcd hill temple in
the interior Of Java. DIR. Field seems to have
somewhat undcrestmated the dimensions Of
this imposing work According to careful
measurement it is GO feet square at the base
and rises TO a height Of loo feet 1t appears to
consist Of seven or nine tiers tDr. Field gives
the latter ngurc) Of terraced walls rising one
above another. all profusey ornamcnted with
sculpture. and surrounded by a triple circle Of
towers surrounding mighty dome. DR.. Field
observed that the sidcs were covered with ng-
urc. Of Budiha a fact which Of course define.
the purpose and should help to fix the date Of
the ediacc. This hill Of wrought ami pictured
,'',., ~
,I,.',,I 49,. i,.,. Xxx i,
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oor,ai,, ,ra, ,h, -, ,,,i,,, ,h,.
r,ornn,iai. hal l,,,, ,,,s'., ,.,,,, ,,t ,,,,,
ooo,lol he n u,,h,,. - -, SCI ~, 49,
~ ,ho NJ, ,,ro.o,,.a,,,to Nt.,,',,r,'i,, 80
tho ,.on,,in I,,,,.,i,1 I,,o,, r',,l,,'t -, ,,,.,
,,.s,',r,, s,h,, t.t,rI h., "a, s,',,', ,',
fnr.nt branch of th. M,lov family sno,lin,.,
difr,rent lancun,e and rnnch Lover in .h, ...ol.
of civiIiza,ion The disttur,ion he,,c., ,h..
r.cos "a ono n, which r,oro I,,,h, 10 d,sir,,,Io
and ,ve rngr.t MAT Dr Ficld.s innuiriaa M no,
covert, I'm, whatever may he saiI ~ tho SIM.
desc we may affirm that the Javonnse nrorar
although th.y had doubtless declined from their
earlier status were still nenrlv ON n level in "a.
cial elevation with their Arab connuerors They
conssntol tn rrof,ss tho Noslen, faith I'm, ,hav
kent their lanrua,e their Literature and their
manners Their prnnhtc system il still found
ed ON In, Indian Devani,.rari the an,icnt End
dhis, ,hrnnisl.s nm r,nn,.I and nuo,.l and
,hoir wo,,c, are roi,her ,eil,J nor s...iui,l
but niu.-ln freely in th. life If housc and .tre,,
The institution Of slavery. which nourishcs in
most Mohammedan countries. utterly failed 10
root Itself il Java. What MAS. porhaps. Of SUI
pr'"ic importance tn' JaVahcse preserved the
p''uIlar soilal organization when Henry sum
ner h"lhe las characterized ~ one OF the most
interesting 'Nt"ht' 10 ms day IN middle and
eastern Java Just ar In the rural districts OF
huscoVy' inc So 'ial unit 10 the village COM
MUMMY "here ''hu Is held anu ull'd IN COM
I'Vu' anu "h'Iv Administrative ana judicial
iuncuohs are VOHHN'ou ~ INC communal
"uth"r""s'
ms was inc state OF things when in l6lp-
me very year aiter Henry Hudson had entered
New iorR pay-some Hollander traders OBJ
'nih'd permission 10 buiid a Tort near the ste