davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1877-08-30
The Russia ns Riockaded.

Suleiman Pasha telegraphs the fol-
lowing under date of Aug. 28th: Our
entrenched line of investment is only
$50 PAGES from the enemy's fortiica-
tons We still hold the commanding
position of Aikeridjebet heights. The
Russians are blockaded on three sides.
Every effort is being made to complete
the blockade by cutting them off from
the road to Gabroya. The Russian
forces have been decimated, and they
have returned to their fortified posi-
lions. Caunonade and outpost engage
ments are still going on.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1877-08-30
WiNN EMUCCA DAIRY,
FRESH
RelrTED AMI MIL

Will be delivered daily in quantities to suit
customers in any part Of town. Order left at
VA. Trousdale's will be promptly filled.
Stock pastured on reasonable terms.
w. A. TROUSDALE Co.
Proprietors.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1877-08-30

THEY are still boring in that artesian
well in Charleston, s. c., and have
reached a depth of 1885 feet, but
found no water.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1877-08-30

CoNsTANrINoPLE, Aug. 2


A dispatch from Suleiman Pasha da-
ted Aug. 26th details operations up to
that day. He says the Turks occupied
Alikiredjebet heights to the left of the
enemy's works and threatened their
line of retreat. but the Russians sue
ceeded on Friday in dislodging them.
On Saturday two brigades succeeded in
getting footing and fighting continued
all night. By 3 O'CLOCK Sunday morn
ing the Russians were completely driv.
en- from the heights. The Russians re-
ceived reinforcements and made fiual
assault but were unsuccessful. and re-
turned to their fortified works. The
cannonade continued all Sunday with
ont effect. Snleiman Pasha concludes
his dispatch as follows: The matter is
not yet decided. as we have not taken
the enemy's fortified works Our loss.
es are yet unknown, but 1000 Russian
dead were found when the enemy was
driven from Alikeridjebet heights.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1877-08-30
FOREIGN DISPATCHES.
Taking of Schipka Pass Considered
HOpeless-A Turkish Governor
for Servia.

LONDON, Aug. %.
A telegram from the seat of war
states that Sulieman Pasha considers
the taking of Schipka Pass from the
front hopeless aud will construct forth
fed camps in the villages of Schipka
and Hainkai. aud cross the Balkans
through other passes. The Porte has
ordered the concentration of 10000
troops on the Timok frontier of Servia,
and has resolved to depose Prince
Milan if Servia begins war. aud appoint
a Turkish Governor for the Princi-
pality.
The Famine in India-Haf "A Mil
lion Deaths From starvation.
LONDON. Aug. 80.
The editor of the Madras Times, who
is member of the relief commission,
writes that the population of Southern
India, which is more or less affected by
famine, numbers swenty-four millions.
Under the most favorable circum-
stances Mt least one sixth of these will
die. In Madras no camp of 5000 rises
morning after morning without leaving
thirty corpses. In the interior the dis
tress is most fearful. A gentleman
passing down the valley in Wyland
District counted twenty nine dead
bodies on the road. Since the famine
began five hundred thousand people
have died of want and distress. Infor-
nation has reached us from Banglove
of two cases of cannibalism.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGs.

The Rev. J. J. Bloomer, pastor Of st. Pat
ricks Catholic Church, in Elmira, N. Y, has
been committed to Jail for contempt Of the
Recorders Court, in refusing to answer a
question put by the court in reference to case
of alleged bigamy. Tho pastor stands on the
ground of professional confidence, not church
discipline.
The safe in the Essex County Treasurer's
Office, at Windsor, Canada, was robbed of $40
900 recently. The safe was blown open and
completely wrecked.
The case of alleged improper sale of stamps
by the Postmaster at Stockton, Me-, which was
carried before the United States Court at PORT
land as test case, has resulted in the conyic-
ton and sentence OF J. F. Frye, Postmaster.
The court is reported as holding that under the
present Postal laws Postmasters making illegal
sales of stamps by discount or exchange for
goods can be punished.
Lynching is reported IS follows In Ten
nessee, of negro named Alexander Boot for
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
JANUARY.

The god Janus, after whom the month of Jam
uary was named was represented by the Romans as
a man with two faces, one looking backward and
the other forward. This implied that he stood be-
tween the old and the new year, with a regard to
both. It was the custom of ancient Rome to pro-
claim the first of the month, and to post notice of
its occurrence in some public place, SO that the
people might be appraised Of the religious festivals
in which they were expected to take part, This
first of the month to be styled the KGlendoe,
or kalends, from the Greek verb KGleo, proclaim !;
and the placard announcing it was called FGsti
CGtendG1e S. Hence book of accounts referring to
days was subsequently called Ccle1adGria0n whence
the name Calendar now in general use. The division
of the year into twelve months has obviously been
determined by the moons revolutions. The lunar
month is strictly % days, ~ hours, A minutes and
3 seconds. There are twelve such periods, and
rather lyss than II days in the year. Several
attempts had been made by civilized nations to d-
vide the year in accordance with these revolutions,
but to very little effect till Julius Caesar reformed
the Calendar and decreed that the year should con-
sist of 965 days, followed by of $3.50. The gen.
eral idea of Cesar that the months should con-
sist of 81 and 80 days alternately and this
complished in the bssextile leap year, consisting,
as it did, of twelve times thirty and six over.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
RATES OF POSTAGE.

LETTERS, prepaid by stamps, cts. each Is or. or
fraction thereof to all parts Of the United States
forwarded to another Postofice without charge, on
request of the person addressed if not called for,
returned to the writer free, if Endorsed with that
request If the stamp is omitted, the Letter is for
warded to the Dead Letter Office, and returned to
the writer. For Registering letters the charge is 10
cts. additional. Drop Local letters cts each Is
o., prepaid. Stamped Postal Cards, furnished
only by Government ct. each If anything else is
pasted on postal card, letter postage is charged
Postage on all Newspapers and Periodicals sent from
newspaper Offices to any part of the United States,
to regular subscribers, must be paid in advance at
the Office of mailing.
FOREIGN PosrAGE-To France, Germany, Aus
tria, Hungary, Belgium, Denmark (including Ice
land and the Farce Islands), Egypt, Spain Gnclud-
ing the Balearic Ises the Canary Islands, the Span
sh possessions on the northern coast of Africa and
the postal establishments of Spain upon the western
coast of Morocco), Great Britain Gncuding the
Island of MALAY, Greece, italy, Luxembourg, Nor
way, the Netherlands, Portugal Gncludirg Madeira
and the Azores), Rounania, Russia, Finland, Ser
via, Sweden, switzerland and Turkey, for prepaid
letters, cts. per Is or Unpaid letters, 10 cents
Postal Cards, cts. each. Newspapers, not over
four or, cts. EACH Books, other printed matter,
patterns, legal documents photographs, etc., 2 cts.
for each or. Registration fee on all correspond
ence, 10 cents.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20

the arrival of Russian reinforcements. He
consequently withdrew to his original position
after a seven hours battle.
The Turkish Parliament has chosen a Presi-
dent who is Christian.
A correspondent at Plevna gives the follow
ing account of the meeting between Osman
Pasha and his conquerors: The Grand Duke
Nicholas rode up to Csman's carriage, and for
some seconds the two chiefs gazed into each
others faces without the utterance of word.
Then the Grand Duke stretched out his hand,
shook the hand Of Osman Pasha heartily, and
said, 81 compliment you on your defense of
Plevna. 1t is one of the most splendid mill
tary feats in history" Osnlan smiled sadly,
rose painfully to his feet in spite of his wound,
and said something which I could not hear.
He then reseated himself. The Russian
officers all cried "Bravo! Bravo" repeat
eddy, and all saluted respectfully. There
was not one among them who did not gaze on
the hero of Plevna with the gravest admiration
and sympathy. Prince Charles, of Roumania,
who had arrived, rode up and repeated unwit-
tingly almost every word of the Grand Duke
and shook hands with Osman, who again rose
and bowed this time in grim silence. He wore
loose blue cloak, with no apparent mark or
it to designate his rank, and red fez. He il
a large, strongly-built man. The lower part Of
his face is covered with short, black beard
without a streak of gray, and he has a large
Roman nose and black eyes.
A Bucharest special of the 18th says that il
is known to many that the Gear was privately
warned last August that, if Russia entered OF
second campaign, it would BIZ impossible tt
restrain England from hostile action. Infuen
tial Russians consider the present moment
highly favorable for direct negotiations be-
tween Russia and Turkey.
A Vienna correspondent telegraphs tina
Turkeys first pacific effert may be regarded al
a failure. Germany limited that treating di
rectly with Russia would be the shortest wa,
Of coming to an understanding. It seems that
when the nste was first mentioned, the Aus
trian Government replied that it could ne
hold out any hope Of successful mediation OF
such basis.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
A Practical Joke.

A sense of the ludicrous is a very en-
joyablething, but it may be too highly
developed occasionally. This seems to
be the case with an English farmer who
has recently appeared before the courts.
He was sitting in the parlor of an inn,
one evening, reading the news, when his
eye CHANGED to fall on the sleeping form
Of a man with long beard. He went
to the fire, and, lighting piece OF paper,
deliberately applied it to the sleeping
mans beard. There was bright, rush
ing flame for a second or two; the man
spr-ng to his feet in agony; the joke
was complete, and the farmer roared in
ecstasy. The unfortunate sufferer, who
happened to be the village tailor, knew
that the farmer was man of substantial
means. and sued him for damages. Dur
inc the entire trial the farmer fostered
his sense of humor, and laughed up
roariously when it was stated that the
plaintiffs beard was originally eighteen
inches long. He did not laugh SO heart art
ily when he was called upon to pay $l. ooO
and COSTS
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
NEWS 81 M MARY
THE WAR IN THE EAST.

Details Of the surrender of Plevna show
that 10000 soldiers under arms and 10000
sick and wounded in hospital fell into ths
hands of the Russians. The sufferings of the
Turks in the beleaguered town were actually
awful. Cold, disease and famine decimated
the ranks and reduced the soldiers to living
skeletons. To aggravate their sufferings,
there we're no doctors, and no medicine could
be obtained.
During the operations against the citadel Of
Antivari, the Prince of Montenegro has been
inhabiting house belonging to Mohammedan
Bey in the town Of Antivari. On Sunday an
attempt was made to assassinate the Prince in
the house, which was mined and blown up
The Prince was fortunately absent at the time
One Of his body guard was killed and six in
jured.
The Gar visited Osman Pasha after his sur
render, and returned to him his sword, express
ing admiration for his bravery and soldierly
qualities.
The losses in killed and wounded at the talk
ing of Plevna are stated at 1000 for the Turks
and ], 444 for the Russians. .t)
The Porte has issued circular addressed to
the leading European powers, in which it ex-
presses desire for peace and requests their
mediation. .'.''' .'+'.'
A proclamation has been issued by the Ser
Wan Government announcing that its army has
been ordered to cross the Turkish frontier.
A dispatch from Plevna says: "The imme-
date cause of Osman Pasha's abandoning the
intrenchments was the breaking out of an cpl
demic among the troops. There were forty or
fifty dead bodies day in Plevna. There were
no men available to bury them, and the NOR
tally was increasing"
A Russian official dispatch dated Bogot, Dec
Is, says sixty battaions of Turks attacked the
forces of the Grand Duke Vladimir all along
the line, directing, however, their principal
efforts against the left and center They at
tackled Metchka six times, but were each time
repulsed with great loss At p. m. the
Thirty-ffth Division of the Twelfth Russian
Army Corps appeared on the scene, and, at
lacking the Turks on their flank, compelled
them, with the cooperation of the rest of
the Russian forces, to retire upon Krasna,
their retreat to Jovan-Ciftlik being cut off. The
Grand Duke Vladimir narrowly escaped a ball.
Suleiman Pasha, describing the same affair,
claims that he carried some Of the intrench-
ments of Metchka, but was unable to hold
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
The Turks as Dfteh-Diggers.

Every Turkish regiment is amply pro-
vided with intrenching tools Carried in
carts), and, in an hour, on fair ground,
it will make it's position formidable. a
slope always being chosen. Their
trenches are semi circular, two small
ones in front, each holding fifty men;
100 yards behiad, three larger semi
circles or segments (the center one a
little in the rear of the other two, as a
reserve trench); 100 yards in rear again,
the main trench, giving four feet of COW
er vertically, and not more than one and
one hall feet broad, containing the rest
of the regiment.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
YuIe-Tfd0.
Ule, ule, ule, ule;


Crack nuts and cry ue.
Now grocer's trade is in request,
For plums and spices of the best;
GOOD cheer doth with this month agree,
And dainty chaps must sweetened be;
Mirth and gladness doth abound,
And strong beer in each house is found:
Mined pies, roast beef, with other cheer,
And feasting doth conclude the year.
Poor Robins almanac for December 1877.
There is probably no single word that
is seen in SO many languages as the word
yule. How it originated or from what
it was derived photographers have found
it difficult to determine. Some consider
it corruption of the Latin proper name
Julius, and regard it as perhaps COM
pliment paid Julius Caesar by the Brit
tons for introducing the Roman Satur-
MALTA in Britain during the period of the
Roman occupation Of that country.
Others, among whom is the venerable
Bede, supposed it derived from the same
source as the word wheel, because it
marks the time of, or occurs few days
after, the return of the SUN to the winter
sO1stice.
Originally, it seems, the term "yule"
was employed to denote either Of two
great festivals of "Lammas " or
First-Fruits, % which fell on the LIST of
August, Or the Christmas-tide, falling.
as we know, on the 25th of December.
But generally it had reference to the lat
ter; and, as Noah or Saturn was recog-
nized not only as the god OF the deluge,
but the patron of husbandry, it was
thought meet to honor him by feasting,
mirth, revelry, freedom from care and
good-fellowship. The transition of honor
to Christ is attributed to the decretal
letters of Pope Telesphorus, who died
A. D. 1873. Since that time, throughout
the entire history OF the Christian
Church, its observance has been singu-
larry noted as an intermingling of the
sacred with the carnal, solemn religious
ceremonies with much that savers of the
ultra convivial, while encouraging broth
erly kindness, forgiveness, generosity,
charity and all the nobler virtues that
attach to the human race.
Among the early Christians, Christ
mas, or Yule, was the most movable of
feasts, It was frequently confounded
with the Epiphany, or Twelfth Day, and
In the Eastern Church was celebrated in
the months of April and May. But in
the fourth century, after urgent en-
treaties, st. Cyril Of Jerusalem obtained
an order from Pope julius T., the reign
ing Pontif, for an investigation to be
made, and some particular day to be de-
clded upon as that of the Savior's nativ-
lty. After much inquiry and patient re-
search, and despite certain climatic and
historical objections which cast doubt
upon The correctness of their decision,
it was agreed by the theologians Of the
Eastern and Western churches that the
10Th of December should be observed as
the anniversary of Christ's birth.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
ECLIPsEs FOR THE YEAR 1878.

There will be four eclipses this year, as follows:
/. An Annular Eclipse of the Sun, Feb. 2. Visi-
bic in Australia and at the South Pole.
II. Partial Eclipse of the Moon, Feb. IT, Visible
In the United States in the morning; middle, at
Boston, Oh. 26n.; at New York, 6h. 16m.; at Wash
ngton, Oh 4m.; at Charleston 5h. 20m. at Chicago,
Al. 32m.
III. A Total Eclipse of the Sun, July 49, Visible
throughout the United States as Partial Eclipse in
the afternoon. Except in Alaska, Utah, Texas, and
Cuba the Eclipse will be Total Middle, at Boston,
5h. Son.: at New York, 5h. AM; at Washington,
5h. 32m.; at Charleston, Oh. 18rn.; at Chicago,
Al. Som. =
". Partial Eclipse of the Moon Aug. IL. Wis
At Boston, 8h. SON.; at New York, 8h. 38m.; at
Washington, Oh. 27m.; at Charleston, 8h. 15m.; at
Chicago, III. 45m.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
Restoring the Color of Lace.

Lace may be restored to its original
whlteness by first ironing it slightly,
then folding it and sewing it into a clean
linen bag, which is placed for twenty
four hours in pure olive oil. After
ward the bag is to be boiled in a So
luton Of soap and water for fifteen
minutes, then we'll ripsed in lukewarm
water, and finally dipped into water
containing slight proportion OF starch.
The lace is then to be taken from the
bag and stretched on pins to dry.-Sc5-
e1etific AMERICAN.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
East.

fa ssF East.
At the late municipal election in Boston the
Republican ticket was elected by majority Of
2,151.
The dye-house and boilerfoom Of the York
Manufacturing Company were damaged 1926, 900
by recent fire. Hundreds of operatives are
temporarily thrown out Of employment.
James Leahy, Of New York, importer Of
white goods, has failed. Liabilities placed at
$4,000 one-haf due abroad. Outstanding
assets reported weak. Trouble with Govern
ment officers and a very extensive business are
ascribed as causes of the failure.
Jacob Gran, a noted opers ger, died re-
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
A Full Senate.

The admission of Eustis to the other
vacant Louisiana seat gives every otaVe
it's full representation in the United ts
4th Of March, 1861, when the Southern
Senators withdrew. There are ~"
seventy-six Senators-tlirty-nlne he,
publicans and thirty-six Democrats, ana
Judge Davis, who prefers to be caned
an Independent Parties have never
been so evenly balanced in the Senate ID
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20

Total. .$299, 6l1, GIL $780, 6SS, 1876
The only branches of the Government
where no reductions have been recon-
mended, as will be seen by the above
table, are the Executive Cor the White
House,, the Postoffice Department and
the Agricultural Department. The in
crease asked for by the President is to
pay for additional clerks to transact his
correspondence, and in the fund for the
payment Of contingent expenses. The
increase asked for the Postoffice Depart
ment is to pay for additional mail facili-
ties to meet the increased demand for
postal service throughout the country,
and to pay deficiencies incurred. The
Commissioner Of Agriculture asks about
$4,000 additional to increase the bene-
fits of that department. Secretary Nc
Crary saves the most, the difference be-
tween his estimates for the present year
and for the next being $11, 900, 600. A
great saving is being made annually in
the interest paid on the public debt,
more than is realized by the public.
Between the years 1875 and 1879 the
mere interest alone has been reduced
from $99, 100000 per annum to $685.
100000, or more than IL per cent. in
four years.
The following table will show the
amount Of interest paid on the public
debt for the wears named:
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20
THE NATIONAL BUDGET.
Estimates for Appropriations Required fer
the Current Year

the Current Year.
Washington Telegram to Chicago Inter- ocean,
The present administration is making
practical effort toward economy and
retrenchment In the civil service Of the
Government, as is shown by the esti-
mates for appropriations required for
next year, which have been submitted to
Congress. These estimates are smaller
IN amount than they have been for many
years by several millions. They are
less by $18, 500, 975 than were the esti-
mates submitted to the last Congress-
for appropriations for the current year.
ending June 80, 1873, and nearly $50
900, 900 less than the estimates for 1877.
The following table will show the re-
auctions In the several branches of the
Government
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20

Each member of the Cabinet, in sub
hitting his estimates to Congress, ex-
plains that he has asked for no more
than is actually required for the proper
support of his branch Of the Govern
ment. It has usually been the custom
to advance the estimates certain per
cent, with the expectation that Congress
would make some reduction anyhow,
but in this case no such advance has
been made.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1877-12-20

KENTUCKY paid $1O,947 for wolf, fox
and wildcat scalps the past year.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1877-11-03

at eOa7Oc Oats in fair demand and 1rm at 40S
40 Corn-meal quiet aud firm: held at ~ ~.
Hay quiet ami Eirm: prime, SD: cnDlce, $40 ~.
Pork strong and higher: neld at "A bI Lard
quiet and steady: Jlerce, 4Aa9TG; kegs, l0a
l0Kc. Bulk meats sea ce ami drn: shoulders,
loose, 6xc; packed, 6Ac. Bacon strong and
higher: ZayH a9Hc. Sugar-cured hams nrm-
er at l3al sc Whisky dull at 81 05al IL
NEW YORK. Nov. 3.-Flour: Moderate trade;
No. 2, $}a4 20; superiine Western state, "a SOa
81 81: common to good extra, IS 4Oa5 70, good to
choice s. SOa6; white wheat extra, 50 u5a6 15;
extra Ohio, $5 i5a7 80: 1T Louis, IS 6Oao %; Min.
nesoia patent ~ 4 aD 50. Rye Hour quiet az S4a
40. Corn meal steady: Western ~ 69a3
Wheat: No. } spring, 81 II; uDgraded spring,
81 211&al Z9A; NO. Chicago spriLg, 81 sOal 3t )
No. MHwauKce, 81 20 i 81; do. No.
spring, 1888 Rye quiet and steady:
" estern, 70a7lc. Barley quiet and
unchanged. Mdlt ditto. Corn: ungraded
| Western mixed, 6l%a621<c; high mixed, 62Zc.
Oats unchanged. Hay unchanged. Hops un-
changeu and steady. Coffee quiet and steady.
Rio cargoes, l5&al9alc, gold; jobong, l52Ga2lc,
gold sugar dun and nOminally unchanRed;
Molasses: New Orleans steady at GOaT0c. Rice
quiet and unchanged. Petroleum dull: crude,
S9sc; refined. l4c. Tallow steady at 7Ac.
| Strained resin unchanged. Spirits turpenCIne
/ steady at 34c. Eggs less firm: Western. 81
! a23c. Pork stronger: new mess, Sl4 81. Beef
quiet: Western long clear mIddles in fair de-
mand at S]Sc Lard dull, weak and lower:
prime steam, S.SJao.yOc Butter: w estern.
| 1la2lc. Cheese steady ut 7a12Ic. Whisky dull
at 81 l0al II.