The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1877-08-25


Tlllagc was greatly stimulated and
continued with renewed enorpy.
Commerce and science joined forces
and ransacked tho world for sub,
stances from which tho desired
elements could be obtained, and
great factories were erected for The
manipulation and preparations Of
plant food. .,.,, =, ss.' 80,
But the now idea, J"fced tho
crops" failed to accomplish tho
great object, the restoration of
crippled agriculture10t to- a. sclf.l
sustaining fullDess of vigor and
health. The failure cannot bo at.
trlbutcd to any want Of soundncss
in tho principle, but must DO nc.
counted for by the system under
which it was applied. The old sys~
tenn which antae eonizes tho two
great interests, shcrds and flocl1s"
on the one hand, and tillago on the
other, confined the application of
tho new idea to tillage, which in
turn was confined almost exclusive
ly to market crops. Tho crops
were greatly increased, but after
the cost Of production was paid,
little or no profit WIS left, either in
cash or the permanent Improvement
Of land. The snew idea" applied
under the old methods, is too cost.
ly, and it is necessary to abandon
those methods and find some moro
economical mode Of applying this
principle, the soundncss of which
is beyond question. Efforts in this
direction resulted in finding pay>
ing and economical way, and that
way is through "hcrds and hocks J"
resulted in tho development of o
system which brings up tho
%pionccr force, herds and focl1s,'
to the relief and rescue of an eX--
haustcd pcrishiny tillage, and by
harmonizing these two great intor-
csts and adjusting them in positions
of mutual support, restore to agri>
culture that sclfzSustaining power
50 necessary to permanent pros
pcrity and progress. ,..,-,.g
That system is based on tho ncw
idea >'feed the crops" and accom-.
plishcs tho economical application
of it by sinlpl3' changing Tie char
actor of tho crops fed, and in
cooperating herds and hocks." /. Il. ;. 49,.
At an carly stagc Of tho inycstiga-
tons by scientific men, the fact was
discovered that plants made thoir
heaviest drafts on, the fertility Of
tho soil while forming, thoir seeds,
The concentrated market crops Ill
form their seeds before they
are harvested, and are great ex-
haustcrs Of the soil, Qn England,
where the system we aTo, discussing
is now being operated, these ,cropsy
are called white crops. Tho cops
that are harvested before the forma,
ton of their seeds arc less exhaust ,
ing, and aro called green, crops).
White OF market, crops aro the prime
object of tillage. The green crops
arc too bulky and often too 1pcrisha-
bio to bear transportation to market,j
and it was necessary before going
Into their culture extensively to find
some way Of profitably .disposing of
thom. "Hcrds and 4ocks' provide
that way. The operation Of the sys-
tom is this-commorcial fertilizers 7
arc fed to the groom crops, to bc in
turn fed to the ''lfcrds and focks,,"''
to procure plant food fof9 mafketh
crops. The moreT,groen crops areu
fed tho greater tho increase Il md.
Improvement. of herds .,and Gocks, +,
the more plant food fol- market
crops, the greater tho yield Of those Il
crops. Capitalism be 'accunlulatedh
in the increase and Improvement Of
herds and focks, and in cash pros
cceds from sa1c' Of Their marketable
products from thesincreased vaIuo'
Of market crops HeIitheacostJof
production ), and last, but not, least, >
in the increased fertility Of tho soil,
Under this systom, thoroughly car
ricd out, continually improving
lands support continuallylincreas-
ing and improving hords and slocks, q,
and produces continually increasing
crops. Thus it seems that |ilr chords
and hocks," the pionccts ~ jagrichl--% --%
ture, is stored up also thefyreselvet
force which can be summoned, to, her -
relief in the, hour Of disaster, and
pcod that in hcrds md foccksn "a IRE
found those olethcntso which,g 'pfopg
erly handled, supply that selfls,ts-