davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
FOREIGN NOTES.

PARIS May 13.-The river khone is rising,
and threatens an nuuda.'on.
ST. TuouAS, May Flour, in consequence
Of the war in Europe, is now S!i per barrel
GLASGOW, May 12.-The shipbuldes lock-
ont viii affect - 900 to 10000 men.
ROME, May l3-Scicnor sela in consequence
Of explanations still retains the leadership CT the oppc-
sitiUn.
BUENos AYREs, May 12.-The President has
decrecd general amnesty, including ArTedondo Lopez,
and Jordan.
HAYr1, April 26.--It is rumorcd that PreI-
dem Canal intends TO recognize the loan contracted in
Franco by his predecessors
BIRMINGHAM, May 12.-Wi,liam Blews 81
Sons brass founders have failed. Their liabilities arc
reported t. he 100000
LIVERPOOL. May I2.-The Courier says tho
failure OF a great hardware firm in birmingham is I'M
rn.rnr. Th.ir liabilities are estimated AZ scn sl,o0O,-
900 10 II 100000
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
RoUMANIAN INDEPENDENCE.

Late kilograms from Bucharest show that the
vote Of the Chamber passing the resolution declaring
that as Turkey has scycred all bonds between herseand
Roumania by unproyokcd outragcs along the Danube
the Ministry shall be empowered to take any steps they
may deem necessary, equivalent to formal declara
ton Of
The Paris Memorial Diplomaiqie says: "Thc British
aud Austrian Cabinets are agreed on the terms OF the
protest to be sent to the Russian Government against
any attempt at declaration Ofiudcpcndcncc by Rou-
mania The draft OF The protest Las been communicated
hv Earl Derby tho Marquis OF Harcout French Eil-
lassadOr at London"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
DIsORDERLY FRENCH DEPUTIES.

A dispatch from Paris TO The Daiig AelrS an
nouncs that in consequence stematc disturbances
I'm the Chamber of Deputies by Bonapartists who
do conceal that their object the dscEcd Ok Para-
mcntary government and VI. Greyy having threatened
resign the Presidency unless his hands strength
cned NJ. Lebloud Gioderate Republican, to-day, pur-
suant TO resolution OF the entire Left. moved an al
teration in the standing orders restoring The rules OF
1919, which gave the President power 10 suspend
the pay Of dsordcrly members, 70 suspend their
right to speak, and fix them with the cost Of pacardng
votes OF cCnsure passed upon them. These rules were
relaxed I'm 1871, but the necessity FOR them now 10
gicvOusly felt and doubt large majority viii carry
u. LeJiOnds resolutions, for which urgency today was
voted.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14

PRESIDENT DiSZs ELECTION DECLARED VALID
RFJO:CTNGs At THE CAPITAL.


RFJO:CINGs At THE CAPITAL
CITY OF MEXICO, May THE Provisional
Government is at an end on wednesday, May =, Con-
grcss, with 49, members present, counted the Presi-
dental votes and unanimously declared Gen. Poriro
Diaz duly elected constitutional President OF Mexico.
On Friday, the 4th inst Gen. Diaz went to the gates Of
the city aud presented 90 the army Presdentelect
and by subsequently escorted TO tie palace, where
the troops passed IN review. At o'clock yesterday
morning he was nauguratcd with much solemnity and
immense enthusiasm the part OF the deputies After
taking the oath OF Office he socmnly declared that he
would occupy the Presidency for tenn only. Tie
diplomatic corps with the exception Of the United states
Minister were present \ civil procession, fol-
lowed by the military, then escorted the President to
the National Palace.
TIE LERDO PARTY ORGANIZING TROOPS.
NEw-ORLEANs, Nay PA dispatch from aatamoros
says Information has just been received here that
Gems Ayala aud Dlraia both Of whom 10 different times
served B Governor OF the state OF NucyO Leon. have or
eanizd several hundred at NewLaredo 70 cooperate
with Gen. E.cobcdo in the interests Of eSPrcsilent
Icrdo Tho indications that the Lero party i ready
to initiate hiu. i ,tIOug movement jO gan pONtfs
commencing this frontier aud -re"t afflly pnd
watruU.u,ss exist among the friends or IrN Dilz on
tbs bGt.r promptly meet and suppress any overt act
OF their opponents toward a revolution
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
THE GREAT ORIENTAL WAR.
UosTLITIES EXPECTED ALONG THE
DANUBE.
DIARBEEIR, IN ASIA, THREATENED.

Fiehtiug was renewed IN Asa Minor on Friday
near Batum. Both sides claim the victory
The Russian army, which left Bayazd, has
ar-ived al Diadiu 80 miles eastward, which
:, occupied unopposed on Tuesday last
The Russian army on the Danube is rapidly getting
into position. Il is deemed probable that it will
cross in force westward Of Rustchull, and en-
deayor to turn that fortress and Shumla, by
advancing in a south-castcry direction toward Con
stontinople IL Great Britain Mr.. Gladstone's resp
lutors continue the subject of general discussion
The debate thereon IS TO be resumed this evening.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS.

A TOWN DESTROYED BY AN EARTHQUAKE.
LONDON. Saturday Nay II. 1877
Loyds announce that kilograms have been
received Liverpool and London stating That the town
Of Iquiquc in Peru destroyed by an earthquake on
Thursday the 10th OF May. Iquque i3 small seaport
town OF south Peru 30 miles west Of Za-apaica on tho
Pacific. opposite the cuauO island Of lqu!gue IL mad
ronuIAtlon VI l.OOOl
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14


utiors continue the subject of general discussion
The debate thereon is 20 be resumed this evening.
THE HOSTILITIES N ASIA MINOR.
rRzrRUM AND DI,RBEIHR BOTH THREATENED go
MORE FIGHTING NEAR BATUM-RUssIANs AP-
PREACHING sOGHANLU DEFENCEs.
LONDON, May 49, 1877.
There seem to be two distinct movements in
progress in Asia Minor. One is an advance upon
Trzerum with the operations about kars as IN
cdcnt thereto; the other is a movcmentupon Nanand
Bills Il15 miles from Erzeruml. which will he the
base of further operations against Darbelr la town
on the Tigris about 100 miles south of Erzeruml.
Van and Bitlis are slightly fortified and dominated
by nights which, IN the case of Van, are traverscd
by comparatively good and easy roads. Htlis occu-
pies somewhat stronger position, but can offer no
serious opposition. The force of Turks in this dis
trct Is unknown; if they have 10000 or $4,000
men they might make a successful stand az Sturi at
the entrance Of the pass, through which GOOD ROAD
leads from Bitlis to Diarbekir.
A TURKISH VICTORY CLAIMED.
An official Constantinople dispatch says 1.-THE
Russians having attacked on Friday in great force
tle position occupied 10y The vanguard of the Turk
ish auxiliary troops in the vicinity of Batum' an
engagement ensued lasting SD hours, resulting IN
the complete rout Of the Russians, who lost 1900
men. The Turkish loss was inconsiderable."
TIE RUSSIAN VERSION.
ST. PETERSBURG, May 13, 1877.
An official telegram from 1ihis states that after
capturing huShaslar the huSSlanS Oh 'Hr '' ,''s'
threw forward two columns against Khatzuhan
Viclts. skirting the river Kiutris0i. This strong
uos.tion was stormed by he Russians, with the loss
Ole killed and 116 wounded he Turkish losses
were enormous. Khalzubani flights are near
Iatum, and tle 4urES were lN'IeI'"." /" '-C'i r'
stIous thcre The above Is inc husS''" NVlS"" %
tic same affair which the turks ciat rs ''cIoIS'
p..r I-a,.
Adetaehmeht OF Co'S',hs ",'' anu ~ ~
but were c'lAp'lIc" ~ i'i' ~ "
russian, nave S'.'' i'l " ''i'' 1,
IN TWO o.'c''loH' i''''i go, 49, r,,.:.,
oig'c' oI H''A'"S " ""''N "'''.--' ii - a..
camp aJ b~Iue's O". o"i"N ~ ''G ".
snow lAry were "''''' ~ '',' '--. 20,
lu'd>" ''.-l' ;7;,,s NJ
IaI-' s'.''' ,r',.,..,ri. .o,,,,,,,,ic,-
"''A'..'- ~ ''''' m T,i,s am .,yor.d
~ . -, D., comm. the ,riros lint they
,;..I 4;..,,.o,.d b,, tboir orestjons
were H".. "'"'''S .;,.,,t;,i, I'll
- .l ,,r,,.;,s for +,o dcfo,se Of Ears.
ii hO"'' anu t'o''''''"7 -, ,I,,,1q 1s-z
,-.,--,.,sr. ,cbed Coustortipople that communi-
-, r., and F,zaru,n has been re-
ost,l7.src5 The Governor Of Kars reports the loss
100 l,fl.d IN tho cnooocmept of the Sth inst.
,p-s.i,,. ooi,iol di,natcb from TiHis saws: " The
p-,s-iors o.c,,ried Dyadin mopposed on the sth
So
p.,,t.r l;yrotcl, from, Frzcrrn saws news from
-. c-L ir.. or.uoptces thu. the Russians
80. .,.,.,,,,.d tI,rco Iorr., march from Lcnbatan
and ysgI'ril,r. There have been only unimportaut
ontnost skrmishes since the 1st of May. Commuui-
cation between Kars and Erzerum is iufrcquent and
didicult The deaIrcss and scarcity of provisions
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
TIE SAVE BrKGLARY sECRET
IIIE
A PROBABILITY OF IT COMING ojI-'"'iEHN HI"
SAID TO HAVE OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES ELCLNI
CONFEssION.

A PROBABILITY OF IT COMING "VI-'"NEN' Ill"
SAID TO HAVE OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES RECENT
CONFESSION.
IBY TELEGRAPH TO THE T2lBUNEJ
WASHINGTON, May 13.-Thomas p. Someryllle'
the Ncw-Yorl lawyer who was tried for completely
in the Harrington safe burglary conspiracy, III COM
pany with Gen. o. Z. Babcock, and acquitted has
if is said written a letter TO the United states DIS
trict-Attorncy in this city giving the details oil INC
whole affair Somcrylle says thar several Of th'Se
who paid all the expenses OF the job ana Tor whose
benefit it was planned have not suffered as Huch rs
thew should. aud that as far as he is concerned ne
desires to unbosom himself rs much as possible. II
il said that Col. VIM. 4. Cook, who delehde" "'"'
Babcock has also been furnished with copy oi INC
statement =,
This rcn,-t has caused great cOmmotion here. IT
has lust been discovered by members OF the old DIS
tict Ring that one of those engaged in the dsrcpn-
table attempt 10 prevent the arrest OF NetteSip by
some of the authorities and Government officials az
Newark y. j. and the final arrangements Tor ms
DISCHARGE on Inadequate bail, has made full state
ui,ut lie has given the names Of all implicated III
the affair and the part each played IN IT, 10 an oncer
If the Government charged with INVESTIGATING the
matter tn 70 this time the fact that such state
ucut was made las been q secret. ms confession
involved the name of a United States Attorney ana
his assistant and United states Commissioner ME-
Wells. the Distrct-Attorneyh here, willnow proOaoy
bcobliged to proceed with the trial OF Harrine'oh
the case having been his docket for long iliie
and if he does this it i likely that the Whoe seer
history Of this most infamous conspiracy may 30
Irongbt ont United States DlstrcF-AttoneF
Krl.b,y Of Newark arrived here yesterday, ana ms
presence /, attributed to the new developments
Somervillo j. now in Jail at Newark awaiting tri'i
for attempting 70 defraud the Government through
stolen bonds. On Saturday night Someryille stated
in an interview with reporter Of The TRIBUNE
that no ,uch letter had been written that he had
acted as counsel in the case only that ne Is Ihho-
cent of any completely with tie other people ac-
cus,d. and Therefore he has no confession to make
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14

Henry VII Of Reuss, the German EmhassadoF' nave
embarked from Trieste for ConsiantinOple.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
THE STORM AGAINST Mr.. DOUGLASS
HE TNPLAINs HIS LECTURE Is CARps-PElIiI'Ns
FOR HIS REMovAL-rHs HOWEVER, NOT PROB
ABLE.


WA,mYGroN, May 1.-the local excite
mcu over Frederick Douglass7 speech III bl''iA''' al
raj gning the citizens Of Washington sun 'o"''N'' "
spte OF lett.rs Of explanation published by him last
ev.pino and tb. morning. Mr. Douglass asserts that
the lecture containing the unfortunate sentences Is a."
old one delivered in Washington nearly TWO years ago.
and that a fair report OF 1t, not emitting Tue q'l ns
sentences would have shown that its spirit was enrsy
different from that which has been represented 20 nave
peryaded II. lie does not deny having u'o' 'N' '"'
guage attributed 10 him, but says 'ha' II H"1 DOT u
rested from ia nroper connection, and made to con
yey ON the whole an entirely different idea flon that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
PROTECTION IN AUSTRALIA.

MELBOURNE, May 13.-The elections in this
Colony have rcscltcd IN a Protectonist majority.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
THE CAMPAIGN on THE DANUBE.

THE CAMPAIGN On TIE IANO bf.'
1HE RUSSIANS ABOUT To CROSS HE DANUBE
TROOPS CONCENTRATING AT GIUEGEYo And NJ
KOPOL-RUsICHUK TO BE BoMBAEDHD.
LONDON, May 10, 1877.
On the Danube there has been no increase IN tho
Russian forces occupying the Galatz and REM posi-
tons, which are some GO,OOO strong; these forces
naturally keen equal forces of Turks in line from
silistra to Tultcha Meanwhile all the Russian
movements show that they are concentrating the
bulk Of their forces between Giurgcyo and
Nicopolis in one position. The forces will form
the left Of the Russian advance fronting the
Turks from Rustchuk to Shumla supported by the
the Gaaz and Reni troops. Other portions viii
take the center position, and viii be covered from
attackfrom Wddin by a corpscalled the IimoK val
ley Corps but which is a misnOmer as far rs 1t sig
mites an advance through Servan territ Ory for the
best information is that Russia, for both political
and military reasons, will not violate Seryian terri
tory. Operations By the Turkish monitors on tie
Upper Danube are of no account. These monitors
have only three-quarter inch arnOr, and are armed
with 80 ccntimeter guns.
The Russian center is rapidly assuming shape on
the Auta Iaboye NicOpolisl and small detachments
have already occupied Guuna-Magureh and lslash,
So that is very probable they intend crossing the
Danube at this point to obtain possession OF three
chief passes Of the Balkans and thus cut turkish
communication with the trans-Bakan districts
The ground between the rivers Iskra, Vede, ard
Osna increases in difficulties toward the south,
the mountains becoming more rugged and
steep, but east Of these passes OF the
Balkans is the Valley of the Yantra,
with the ntrenched and partially fortified town OF
Iimoya, the former capital Of ancient Bulgaria. 10
the westward Is another series of passes for which
Lompalsnke on the Danube, would be the starting
point, and which converge upon Sophia and Nisch.
Ahe Russians may choose either Of these routes but
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1877-05-14
TIE british ALARM.

WANT or HARMONY AMoSG THE LIBERALS - GRAVE
DrssFNsloNs IL THE CABINET 49, TIE PEOPLE
GREAuY AGIrATED-TH ALARNIsTs DENOUNCED
Tur TIMES
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1877-09-19
Faishfsi unto Death.

The fe burns cheerily on the
hearth, :he great logs crackle and
fare up the wide chimney, up which,
it is nv wont to say, you could drive
q coach-and-four. / draw nv chair
near to it with q shiver What q
night" I say.
as it still snowing?" asks my
wife, who sis opposite to me. ber
books and work on the table beside
her
Past. You can hardly see Q yard
before you"
Heaven help any poor creature
Oh the r,oor tonight" +" says she.
who would venture out? 1t be-
gan showing before dark, and all the
people about know the danger OF be-
ing benigbted on the Moor in q slow
storm-"s
"Yes. But | have known people
frozen 10 death hereabouts before
now
Nv wife is Scotch, snd this pleas.
snt house in the Highlands is hers
We are trying Q winter in it for the
Grst time, and | find it excessively
cold and somewhat dull Mentally
decide that 10 future we will only
grace it with our presence during the
shooting season. Presently go to
the window and look oct; il has
ceased showing. and through riff in
the clouds ! see star
ut is begiuLing TO clear" tell my
wife, and also inform her it lie past l.
As she lights ber candle ct side-ta-
bic ! bear . whining and scratching
at The front door.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1877-09-19
A Terrible Result Of Opium Ealing.

In the New York Tombs there is a
terrible example Of the use Of opium.
Henry l.. Sanford is now twenty
eight years old, and began to take
morphine about seven years ago, be-
cause whisky did not satisfy. "That"
be said to reporter Of the World,
chad q splendid effect on me, made
me lively and ambitious, and gave me
an amount of happiness / can not ex-
press to you. IL transformed me at
once, | became strong and independ-
ent. Nothing was too hard for me
to undertake. i speeulated and made
lots OF money. At the end of two
years my sufferings began" He went
to lunatic asylum, bu: could not
get cured. He soon went up to forty
five grains day, and began taking
it by injection, for it had ceased to
take effect through the mouth. He
had used hypodermic syringe, which
be could not insert without first cut
ting hole He used to take a razor
and cut cash in bis thigh. and then
with scissors bored hole into the
flesh, into which be would insert the
syringe a1d inject the morphine
During the last two years be has TAX
en- over sixty grains a day, and has
often taken over one drachm, which
is equal to FIVE hundred grains Of op-
ium. He is in jail for stealing medi-
cal instruments, which be disposed Of
to purchase the poisonous drug, and
be describes bis sufferings thus: "If
1 wasn't so helpless I'd soon be oct
of this hell I'm 10. I've no fear of
the next world. There is nothing 10
this for me For over two years |
have been dead. There is no blood
in me. can eat nothing, and that
which would keep life in me can no I
get. Even when asleep | have no
rest l am constantly dreaming of
being thrown in among lot Of dead
and being compelled to eat their flesh.
| know when | wake up, covered as
| am with cold prespiration, that il is
but dream, but the effect of it makes
my desire for morphine a torture. /
would kill my own father in q minute
if | could get enough for one dose
When the desire comes on me !
would not exchange the morphine for
heaven. Give me the dose and then
hang me if you like. don't care
what they do with me after have
got he morphine" Imagination can
hardly picture a more awful condi-
tion of body and mind than bis
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1877-09-19
A N0uniain Slide.

An interesting account Of the re-
cent falling Of mountain in Taren-
taise, Savoy, causing disaster to two
fourishing villages, has been commu-
nicsted to the Courier des Aipes by
VI. Bersrd. The phenomenon has
been incorrectly reported as instsnts-
neous, and the destructive effect CON-
plete, whereas the case is that of a
mountain which for 30 days, without
cessation, has been dismembering it.
self, and literally falling night and
day into the valley below, filing it
with piled up blocks Of stone, extin-
gushing all sounds by its lneessant
tbuader, aud covering the distant
horizon with thick cloud Of yellow
ish dust. The entire mass comprised
in the slope forms m0l;iform cone
200 metres broad at the top and 500
a, the base, (the slope being about
so y this is composed Of blocks Of
bard schis, lying close together, but
no longer united; and it is united
to the body Of the mountain only by
a vertical mass 40 TO 80 metres thick,
which is already assured and shaken
Periods OF repose occur lasting only
few seconds or q minute AZ most
then the movement recommenees and
continues about FIVE hundred hours
Blocks of 40 cubic metres become
displsced with no apparent cause,
traverse the | 800 metres Of descent
in 30 seconds, leaping 400 or 500 me-
tres at a time. and finally get dashed
TO pieces 10 the bed OF the torrent, or
launch their shattered fragments into
the opposite forest. moving dowa gi-
gsn,ic pines as if they were 80 many
Ihistles. One sDch block MAS seen
10 strike fine fir tree before reach
ing the bridge between the villages
the tree was not simply broken or
overtbrown, but was crushed TO dust
(coiatilise y trunk sod branches dis |
appeared in the air like . burning
match. Rocks are hurled together
and broken into fragments that are
thrown across the valley like swal-
lows in . whirlwind then follow
showers Of smaller fragments. and
ons hears The whistliog sound Of
thousands of pebbles a. they pass.
NJ. Berard reached the edge Of the
rock, (2.4e0 metres high. on one Of
the sides Of the falling cone, and ven-
tured along it. Obtaining q good yiew
of the terrifying ,pec.ncle. He
reaffirms bis conviction that The pben-
omenon is inexplicsbIe by any Of the
usual ressous that account fjr Alpine
disturbances. such IS penetration OF
wster, or melting Of SHOWS, or infer.
ior strata in motion ; nor does the de-
clivity Of the slope explain it. His
hypothesis is ibs, some geological
iorce is st work, of ~bieb the complex
resultant acts obliqueiy 10 the axis OF
the mountain and almost parallel to
i,s Sales.--future.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1877-09-19

There was a pathetic scene at
Fort Abraham Lincoln . few days
sgo, when the Seventh Cavalry, Gen.
Sturgis' command, which was bead.
ed in the field last year by the gallant
but unfortunate Custer, marched in-
TO camp. As the gray troop Com
psny E,) under Lieut. C. C. De Ru-
dio was passing in review before the
Generals house be came out OF The
door and 70 the gate with a guidon
in hi- hand and ordered the CON-
maad TO halt The battalion came
TO halt and present. On the porch
were eongregated the members OF
the Generals family, consisting OF
his beautiful wife, bis pretty daughter
Ella, another little girl and their on-
" remaining son. all dressed 10 deep
mourning The General, with his
eyes full Of tesrs. addressing Lieut..
DE Radio, said: II am charged by
my wife to present your company
with this guidoa 10 remembrance Of
our dear son, w3o was attached to il
when be was killed l. hope you
will appreciate IL; take good care Of
II and honor the memory Of our dear
Iy beloved boy" The Lieut.. took
the guidon in bis hand, raised j, and
replied: Dear General l thank you
aud Mrs. Sturgis in the name Of nv
company. This guidon will guide
them and myself to revenge the blood
Of your son. and | assure you that
nobody shall capture il while q man
Of my command lives. for we shall
defend il with the last drop Of our
blood" The Generals 500, Lieut..
John Sturgis, il may be remembered,
fell 10 Custer's fatal battle, snd. o.
bis fathers reooess Was buried on
the field Of valor where be felt
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1877-09-19
OVER 100000 ACRES

OF LAND, consisting of every odd section in each
township. for distance Of twenty miles on both
sizes q the rad or onehan Of the land In belt
forty miles wide, EXCEEDING Denver City, In CjI-
orado thus forming a continuation Of the belt 0f
country which. from the Atlantic ooast westward,
Is found to hs IN climate soii, and every PrOiue
tiaR u Eafure the rao-t favored
To AID n the settleaen; of this superb domain
with an Intelligent ani ialns,rioas people, Is the
object ol the HOMESTEAD. II Il intended TO
contain f4ir AID candid representation Of facts
nor viii Il ever give Intentionally. any statement
that viii n8t, upon Invessiga,ioa, be fully sus-
iaine,l
The Comgauy obtains rs title TO these land
frsm The Government of the Uustei States
They are Icing offered at prizes lower than any
0iher lands IN the West, that will compare with
them 10 soil climate ALL general advantages
The terms Of payment. ss viii be found On care
ful exaninstson are rnSrs Iberzl In all essential
features than have heretofore been offered ~ any
raiiEaF eofzTauy