The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1877-03-08

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veGssabls w. e = Interesting e know
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ent fAcs 60 z - -. - -.
| With what hina g antmae ~ eassy Y
fhab1tantS tad - eUntend ssna deui; 10
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derseandtn8 nnd knoNseo9e upiese -
pIS5ncd 81 ~ 56yEl1 - fdeh 9N9y - 70
-. Il plain Is 4. r. satisfy our wish
~ &c.. 1890. .s.,,. & ana
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u the language o. unotneSs kesis " shss
| ssIn eeftxin caves the bones Of various
| animals are found ernbedded IL cAsca-
/ ffunn deposit. which has accumulated on
ike nOof by water slpwly dFipping from
stI1e roof. Many Of The b0nes hAve bsen
ekhawed, and The hollow Unes split length
Mise. The geologtst pAcffbes the former
ITO den-frrquensine. scnrnivOroue aninsaIs
Hike the hyenx, ard the latter 70 mar-
| row sucking race " men, Tina conciu-
uiOn IL stilf further subetAntiated BY ind.
Eing traces Of the hyenn, and alan etone-
I hitchets. ashes, and ehatzed sticks Of
wood. Man, alone, tshie > dtv. HeEce
| We are - sure Of the existsnce 0f rude
iciye. dwelling tfihs iDen - u We. had
| Witnessed their grim c6uusenances hxhted
Ijap bvihe flreS 81 which those fragments
Wefe inc latest slnbers. The hyens and
| ylio cave -dvelicfs lived ct the banle epoch.
}We drain 1 level. basin-shsped meadow.
/ The general form and Iocxtlon suggest
1.-THE idea that Il may bavs been anciently
1.-The site Of ! lake. Them0ment, however.
| that We dig below the surfxce, the geo.
| logic evidence converts the Inference into
| 1 matter of certainty. We pass through
drst the soil, next layer Of peat, then
one Of mari, and lastly, one Of clayey
sediment. IN the peat We md entlers OF
| deer and b0nes Of o1cps In the mArt. fresh
| water shells; snd "a the sediment. log
| Followed out int rude cnnos. Here
We have the whole history Ut the lake,
and in reading Il ~ c~n trace the success
| sire stagcs q clearly - II we had tived
| BY lis shores from the time II WAS sheet
Of shallow water 70 the hour Of its final
obliterstion. First, the open lake, over
which the simple native padded his rude
canoe; second, the shall0wer sheet, where
fresh water shell-d luxuriated IN myr-
lads, and succeeded each other, genera
ton after generation; third, the peat
msrsh, over which deer and oxen occas.
ionally ventured, and were mired; ana
fourth, the level meadow, when the site
became too dry for the feat-iorming
plants to flourish. We have no exact
chronology for these events. ana cen only
decide their order. Such ancient lake
bottoms are seen In the L0wlaDds OF
Scotland. The geologist finds below the
peat-bog the bones Of horse, pig, deer,
dog, and man; deeper still. the Roman
eagle or sword; next the boncs OF the
wild OF, bear, wolf, beaver; then the
wooden canoe; below the mari, bones
and antlers Of the gigantic Irish elk, ana
tusks Of the great mammoth; and u the
bottom the eolid rock, strewn with ice
borne blocks - the original bed OF the
lake when its waters were nrst gathered
together Occasionally, also, rnised
mounds Of piles, plank, branches, stones,
and other material are laid bare. These
were the foundations Il the lAke-dweIl-
ings Of former days, raised BY primitive
men for their defence. They reveal stone
hammers, fiint spear heads, split bones,
and fragments OF rude potteTysware.
What Z marvellous history We read from
these records Of Naturel In the begin
ming there % the clear sheet OF water rip
ping in the European landscape--ior
Great Britain has not yet been separated
from the conttnent--surrounoed ny Ior-
ests Of pine. birch and willow. Inc Gu.
mate 10 severe, and the wooily-naared
mammoth tramps through tneovernanglnR
bushes down to the wateIs coge. zen
turtles pass. Reindeer ana uisn eK oe'
take themselves ~ the wafer 10 summcl,
and sink into Ito miry depths, or seek 70
cross It's frozen crust during Inc *ln.els
snow, and are buried beneath the ifeach-
erous surfaces. Ages roll on. The eli
mate becomes milder. and Britain 10 DC
tachcd from the continent The lake is
gradually becoming shallow; reeds ana
bulrusbes encroach upon It's margin; OAK
clumps adorn its banks, along which
prowl the wolf and bear; the beaver
builds his dam across the entering stream.
and the Wild OK and red deer STAND !olltns
In its cool waters. A race OF short, broad,
round.headed men settle ny the shore.
pile the mounds and waffle their simple
lake-dwellin4s; with nre ana stone su.ss
s. ~, M" .or and deer in the woods, and
enjoy The comforts Of dawning civiliza-
ton: Time passes. stu the lake grows
shallower. sno ,ss reeey, , m'' S;obsr.hsad.
- = :. srd n,ore n,mhis--fake possession OF
the scene. They settle the slopes, erect