, 1877-01-08

ttat'Ee. The necessity Ut kettlI,,y I.rrr
ra ip,e ~ .as1n Mlnor nort''vrr. !rrvcmrd Turkey
hnu alwars supplied her will, trcr bet flcj,ti,..
men. knssta fnred twu arulIcs to stisa,J: Tur.
kry,-tne r.t ns,'ter Wtttrr,,steIn, ami tlt. t,.
on! t!nslGr Pl'kiewteh,- g,r,tr nutnjlcstt,.,
s.yn seyrnE 'aIs up "f te Third, s.tl. and
nsd havlng tie Second Corps rs n reserve:
About the middle Ut May the hutsians nnt crrr
thc frut't, t!e Third Corps capturing tho s1nali
nwaaa ,"r.s a't the drlts of tbc Danube. Braliow,
out 80 ealany-v Moie .I,b'e iss .,b 81 Tnrkl fin'
!sli troops behind ttonc walls. "i)rfenso nniv
!'cgins With t.c Turks Wien It ends viii, otjcr
trpps n-tnat 1t detained the Seycnti, Corps
oelore ~ " the end Of June, ono attempt at
IN s'}fsiria, loo, the invaders wrrc unable 10
make any impression, after suffering hcayv
1fscS .s themselves, Il! thu deadly marshes Ut
tue tue gn1tn'lsela. r or the della of tie Dauuh,
untnpportcd, receiving the seeds vi disease
whlel, aftetward caused fearful losses. Nv Tic
middle Of Jny only Il, oo1 men cuull bc moved
N t.e alrectton ?t tarna, considerably hurasscl
cavalry. Hearing that large TnrkEsh force
was marching on sl4n,la, Wiitgcnstein sus-
,.!r.l1 ed hls = @ adyanee On Varnat, mud deter
r..e ,4!nea to at,asS shu1a, isarng to leave 50
however. failed: fg the garrison. wtIcI, was ,,,,
'nerital]y stronger than thc bceIeRcrt, masc
most successful sortc.,. aud, II properly led,
ought to have destroyed their enemy. After
great delay thc siege was raised, and ilu1cr In.
tHcnsc difficulties Earna WIS al Last bcsIeged; !;
antt here again the in'lulnltab1e tcnac:ty of the
Turks un thu defensive alunc out IN siyid col
ots. Tie Russfans suffered immense loss both
and while In this situation Of peril, with
theEr whole army. 80 to npeak, detained between
Two f0ytrcskes, they were attacked before farua
by u Turkish army reinforced BY part Of the
garrison of 9hunlla. III this bloody aud hard
fought teawn 1,atttc Of Kurlcpe, the !nrapacttY
of the Turkish I'asl,a in command, alone saved
the Russians from what would probably have
proved to bc crushing rcscrsc. In Uctuner
and surrendered his Charge. giving 10 the Rus
sfan arms the one gtcaln Ut success which had
illuminated them during the entlro ycar.
Wnfullr reduced IN numbers, the Russian
.s!tios, on both banks ot the Daauoc;, slong
line Of 80 miles in length Il the Turks liad
shown reasonable energy and skill these 'solatel
bodies ought to have been defeated iu detail,
hut they "sre ,u unable sa t. attack, Or wero una.
u }osfilitfes. fl the following ycar
Russia filed up her ranks to The humber
Of l42,0W men, - numtes. far short Ut what
Place q sbisct. After doinr tcir be.t, M tie
Turks could only put 100, GOO lncn IN tl,e ield.
Dlcbitstl, commenced operations IN Mny by
crossing the Danubr with the Second and 1'hlrsl
Gvrpi 10 est IT, sIs AM te % sn
which had wintescd III the Lower D0brutscba
Rcsellfu Pasla, from pnsiton near Shu,nla, nt-
talked the Sixth and Seventh Corps, relying
upon support from Rustel'uk, which failed to
place, and lsescliId rasI,a c,rn,apcd outstde
;huntu. DicbEtscl., hearing Of tiicsc events,
leaving only u sinali force before Sslistria, nd
rnnce1 with the Second md Third Corps, send.
Ing orders to the Sixth md Seventh to Join him
nj point which would cut OF acsell1 Pasla's
line Of retreat. The junction WAS effected, aud
q great and decisive battle ensue1 At Kulcwt-
seha. The Turks fought well, but their want Of
discipline told its tale: and, finding they had no
stroycd, and, though Rcschid pasha sue
cccdcd In carrying no inconsiderable part Of llis
f0rco Into Shuu,ln, Turkish truops thenccfor-
ward seemed 10 lose confidence In themselves,
tic field. Keiylne Oh this, DlebItsch masked
aumla with lew troops, and, Bistrta having
by this time surrendered, be at of In the mid
lle Of July at the hcad Of 85,00o men to cross
ke9s sR sy ts nssr;' @ s soa;t o.
raptured a position In the Bay Of Burghaz, md,
with this secure basu Of operations, Dtel,ltsch
moved, with forces constantly diminishing from
iseasc aRll fatigue, on to AaTfanople. 1'he city
have repcllcd the small Russian army, leaving
1isease to complete tho work Of destruction;
but with uEaccountablc panic the placc was sur.
aud theu arose u corlnaotton ut Con-
Which added to tho terror OF the
Dlyan. VIM heard with CONSERVATION Tint tic
Dle1tsch was marching on to tho
:npItal with U0 eco rc1f, tho fact being that Ae
,aal not moro than 1.,ooo or 1900 capable OF
suty, a'"l that this rcI'naI.t WAS thrcutenel by
irregular !eylcs 4o,1oo strong which had bcoi,
raised by thu pust,n OF Scatlra.
urn. Widra.,am detailed all tho military
Of which tue foregoing Ia the lirrcst
'utllne, aud IN addition, he referred to the lcss
ears In Asia Minor. Summing up in some gen
ral observations On the conduct OF tho wur, tic
ccturer said that thoSe who wished for par |
Lcutar resume Of the operations Of both artles
so9id tinl i IN tue concluding chapter OF Won
Judged Of BY the ordinary rules Of European |
'nrarc, for tho best-recognlzcu principles of |
tratcgy had been systematically neglected, both
y Turks A'ld istlssians. by the former, from
cr, from well-founded contempt OF their enc
1tes. II We we're to judge Of that war simply |
J Its results, 1t was certainly one ot the nlost
ilceessful wars un record. 1t had had tlu cf-
s q fSas'fS Il ,s tas aag sns1ss e sf
i,oti,er question whotIeff It Ivy haa aadei
! ~ equal degres to her reputation NJ great
l!IHAI4 loHET. IL hAI demonstrated this |
Hcrgy aud determination OF l.ur officers, und
3usaEo unl conataney iii her soldiers under
it1lelltles and triais lryond atl praise; but
lrcful study of flc war not only revealed M
want of foresight In her military
lnn!stra.ion. hut I'D u1le to doubt whether
le power Ut llussEa ior offensive wuriArc Jlal
ut been srcatly oyerrateI, IIfcar, hearl Tie
4estion for US At the present Ennnte.it wus
neither the eampuigns Of 1873 and 1B.0 would
iroW my light up0n any future war which
light bc caTsIed on between the san,e cotn-
4tants on The g2Me ground. Onu thing was
eur, VIZ. t!,at ahnl!l such war ,lnl,appJly
'isc 1t would takc place under grcatiy.aEtercd
lonling ut tho question simply
ON q military point uf view. Thu
urksl army Of tho present day was yery
llvrcnt tram wlat 1t had been half 1
injury nXo. The nizaIn Or regular army was
+ 1nOre efficient, while the irregular troops,
hictl hu1 dolle such goul service at Shut,ljR
III farna, appeared to hive lost much uf thr,r
,rtent reputation. The Basit- Baxouk Of l31d
rs but sorry representative uf tho bpalll Of
s.!s anu is!9. twas not to 10 expccted that
severe lrsson u the Turks had received
Oil the neglect IL defend their frontier wouLi
forgotten, anu still lrss WIS Il likely t!,as Tic
Istagu of tic Balkans would not 10 disputed
lalt utliost. Un the other hand, t!u ll,lssiau.
erc not likely second tisnc 50 greatly to mig
Tim .f,,t