The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1877-03-30

which open and beat the material, clean
| ing il from the dirt and sand il contains
in the bale. After going through the
/ scutching machine, it comes out in the
shape of 4 roll, like wallpaper, compare
! lively soft, white and clean. 1t is, how
/ ever, really in a very rough state, COM
/ pared with the fineness and periectloh
/ that is to be reached. Several of these
scutching machines are running cOntlnu-
/ ally, and their sound is like tie roar OF a
lightning express train, as ii whirls past
( the platform where you stand. The nrsl
! scutcher is fed with the bale cotton from
hopper which letsit through into knives
set in large rollers, which revolve Win
/ tremendous force and lightning speed
/ picking the cotton into small pieces, ana
passing it by suction of air, on to other
rollers between which it goes and comes
out in the shape of web or "lap, IN
! large rolls. -Four of these rolls are then
F.. placed upon a machine like the first ana
run together through the same process OF
+ PICKING AND BEATING AND CLEANING,
when it comes out again in the same shape
as before, rolled to exactly the thickness
which it is desired to make the "sliyer
/ from which the thread yarn is to be spun.
What "sliver' IS will be learned further
on. The machine is so delicately set that
! it regulates the thickness of the web or
lap TO within half an ounce, in a web OF
/ five feet weighing only twelve TO eighteen
! ounces. After being put through three
scutching machines in this way and conf
ing out with eight thicKnesses of web or
/ lap similar TO that produced by the first
! process, it is ready for the carding ma
chine. This department is filled with
/ Carding Machines Drawing Frames, lap
pers, and Combing Machines, a perfect
labyrinth of betting, pulleys and machin
cry, the noise of which is like the roar of
many waters mingled with the CHATTER OF
n thousand wheels. One of the large
rolls of web or lap that came from the last
scutching machine is placed on a carding
machine, which takes and runs it
BETWEEN THE TEETH
( of large and small cylinder for the pur-
pose of drawing out the entangled fibers
and laying them parallel or in the same
I line of direction and also to remove the
small pellicles or notes which may havees-
capped theaction Of the scutching machine.
After being treated in this way, a comb
er or doffer takes the web from the small
/ cylinder, which is now delicate gauze
and it Is gathered up and passed THROUGH
which it is cOiled in a revolving can. The
whole process is one of wonderful delica-
cy, the material being so finely worked
that a breath of air would break it. This
card contains ninety thousand square
teeth to foot, or a total of four million
one hundred and eighty-six thousand. On
/ the carding machine is a little Joker that
works like some old man, raising the
/ wire-cOvered flats from the teeth Of the
carder, which il cleans. and throws off
/ the particles of dirt and coarse cotton
left on them. Six of the
TIN CANS CALLED CARD sLIvERs.
i'll which the roll is wound are now taken
to another machine called Drawing
+ Frame and run tOgetherinto one ''sliver."
/ These six are so light that when they are
| passed together through hole and made
one, they fall into another silver and are
then no larger than one of the six from
which it was made, although they have not
( yet been twisted at ali. Fourteen of these
cans full Of slivers are placed at the lap
/ per and run between two rollers, makiaga
new web nine inches wide and half an inch
/ thick, which comes out like the original
/ roll from the scutcbing machine that takes
/ the cotton from the bales, only that now
/ it is soft and delicate as Is possible to
/ conceive, weighing only one hundred and
/ fOrty-fiye grains 10 the yard, nine inches
wide. 1t now goes in rolls to Il wonder
ful little machine. French invention,
first introduced in this country by The
CLARK Thread Company. II is a refined
carding machine, the product of which
is a much superior in fineness to the large
carders Just described as the most elegant
silk Goods are to
THE COARsEST COTTON CLOTH.
1t is called the French cOmbing machine
and is only used by the best thread MAX
ers as it is very expensive and while it
makes the thread superior in quality. it
adds twenty per cent. to the cost OF man.
ufacture. Six of the rolls of webbing are
now passed together through the con- Ding
machine between two rollers, and combed
by innumerable steel teeth TO the fine
ness of gOssamer and the thinness of a
spiders web. 1t passes on, is gathered
into one soft round 'sliver" again. goes
through rollers once more, when it is
coiled into cans rs before, with 2 loss of
twenty per cent. on the material which
composed the web when it was put on
the French machine. 1t is a texture so
fine and soft that one cannot but wonder
how it bears its own weight. After the last
process, six of the sIivers are again put
through the drawing frame making one
silver no larger than any of the six from
which it is drawn. Then six Of these last
are put through the same process reducing
them in size six times, and adding that TO
the length. This is repeated three times
and each time they are coiled into cans.
the last silver is the same size and weight
IS when the pr sess began although doub-
led four hundred and thirty-five thousand
four hundred and fifty-six times. The
last cans are now taken TO
THE FIRST sLUBBING FRAME,
from which cans they are passed through
rollers, then twisted to about the size OF a
lead pencil, and wound on bobbins, all by
the same machine. From this they 90 TO
the second ubbing frame where one hun
bred and two spindles on each machine are
winding yarn from two hundred and four
bCbbins, which came from the first slubber.
two threads being wound upon one spool.
The next or intermediate slubbing ma
chine winds upon one hundred and sew
enty-six spools, from three hundred and
fifty-two bobbins, which came from the
second slubber The and last is called
the rowing machine, and fills two hundred
and forty spools, which came from four
hundred and eighty bobbins, from the in
termediate slubbing machine. BY this rep
etition of doubling and twisting the yarn
is fast becoming strong and hard Wenow
follow the yarn called "roving" to the self
acting "mule," which makes eight hun.
dred and forty threads of yarn from six
teen hundred and eighty bobbins. This
wonderful machine, two of which are CD
Grated by one man, draws out the yarn and
twists it from sixteen hundred and eighty
spools, when it comes away, and on its re-
turn winds it on eight hundred cops
(spools) making the last number of
thread yarn. We now come to
THE THREAD MILL,
which is distinct and independent de-
partment Thecotton yarn comes here, and
first goes to the cop winding machines,
where it isrun from the cops, through del
icate balances, over soft felt ground, upor
bobbins, two threads together upon one.
From the cop winding department, the
bobbins go to the singing department,
where the TWO threads that were run to-
gether on the spool, in the cop winding
department, are twisted or spun in one
thread. The thread, as it is unwound,
runs through water. and rapidly over
glass guides, and the bobbin which re-
ceives it revolves five thousand times per
minute, twisting hundreds Of threads on
each machine. After being twisted two
threads together making one havd thread,
three of the latter are again run together
on 4 bobbin, the same as in the first cop