, 1877-05-13

caf1llzatlons OIL tue Continent, was the ain, -.
the Emperor, and he transmitted his amhlt,s4 -
with his crown and its immense resources n ~ y
sovcreigns who followed after him.
Poets. dramatists, historians, essayists A.,
miscellaneous writers without number .nr.sa
up during the reigns of PETER the Great md x
the successive RoNAEoFFs who occnnted ~ ~
throne in the eighteenth century. The age -.
CATHERINE Il. was especially prolific OF antho,.
the Empress encouraging their efforts bv H.
most generous patronage Of letters. She alss
honored the literary guild BY placing herself
through the composition of dramas and eee,--
IN the catalogue Of its royal members.
In the interval between the years In, md
l1t6, In which the Empire was governed ~
three consecutive Czarinas, every department
OF literature was honorabiy represented. ~.
first Russian theatre was established in 77ae -.
1oraslof, md from this root the drama ranf1l~
dcVelopad fourtshing growth EL1zAarrz
"as then the rcigning monarch, and xh,1.
she still held the Imperial sceptre the ar,t
Russian university was founded at Moscon
1t was In the same prosperous era that journal.
Ism took Its rise, through the instruments}ft.
OF ofMuL1ER, German BY birth, but Russian hv
cducatioK. ~.
. Among the authors who did most tn e,ev,..
the character OF Russian literature in III
e'gnteenth century, none is more deserving Of
| mention than MICHAEL LoMoxosor, the son IT
serf' who was taught to read BY his mother:
and completed MS education in the schools Of
Germany. He it was who first subjected tha
Russian language to the laws Of grammar, and
purifying 1t OF the corruptions that had adhered
to it in its contact with foreign tongues, n.
stored It to his countrymen as the natural and
efficient medium for the communication of tbeir
ideas. Nevertheless, with all that had been A..
complishcd In the reformation OF the Russf,r
vernacular, and in tho cultivation OF bcl1r.-
1etttes, within the hundred years following the
Inauguration Of the work Of Peter the Great
there had notyet been created agcnutnely natiya
literature. Thinkers and authors we're still N.
debted to foreign sources for the models after
which they nodded their opinions aud forms of
expression.
With the inception Of the present century and
Of the Administration OF ALEXANDER I. thero
was instituted new school Of writing, in which
for the first time the real life and genius Of the
people we're faithfully reflected. The earliest Of
the authors 1mbued with true national fee}fnp
was kARAMzIN, who completed in 1876 a "Hfs-
tory Of the Russian EMPIRE" which earned
i'm tffF.f frox, 1H1f A.
rona T, 1eoe ~ ". ~. - % u he-
been appointed Historiopranher to H. -
pcror," and for nearly q quarter OF century
thereafter he 1aborcd with distinguished sue
cess to fmnroye and refine tho stv,a - p,,.s,s
Contcmnorarr with K,p,,,-r,r1-
his later 1ifc wcre'the tbrcc no,st ,I-,..~1a :.
the Russian poets: Pu5cuKIn, LERMoxToYH.
and Gn1no1rnorx. Thcec all H.. ". .,s...,
ooranhcr- ver- orn,men+, -, ~. ..;..s,.~-..~
a. ,1tar,rr c;rc1a. ~ O. pa..~"S~-
Moscow. prarurr~ and Ir1vns.o.. ~ Wv
,con. of nohil,tv o1d cn-noTrns- wv
,;o<, -. .s,. 49, ouof< "@a" "
mont In t-,th MN ,r,..;- 49, 80. uo'o 1"1t
1ve re,rs ,e,ta-s ha,.. haa,, - p...;a 80. s"eD'
.rr,ne,va roseoee,,, ,f lie eo~1s. ''- '4''o''
Aftor E,,.,,s,>,. 49, -.
Inn l;ta-,tn~a - ah;.a,. ;naan.as " "uon nus
,rn,ont ~ a;ett,a.,.a ."s,." 'a ~. .uo oe'e'~
49, ,o.t ~ ;aa-.ss., ~
hc hrn,hts o1,ss :. ,rh,at. ~ ~ -. ~ sous ,, "itl
.oro~ 49, - - -, w n'n 40 pa1o'
,ttree and ron,arooa 49, -. "se4 uaaa,
oodo- - 49, .aa11s.,s A4aA' ,e@4s ~"
ah1es ontar = aae~se.",.. sSo' nA..ork, "nose
rvr,pr IN -,,,,,a- 1o.s,1a. , .s.1..@., @aa AaH
a,,,,ap ora- - 49,. - sae.,~ .n1.S- .se
nm -osd I'D ad..,.aa - 49, .o1g 3,y 49,, n41'
n,aos ~ A'41"1 on1efen' 'aa-
Ts.
4no l's4o ee1so'snlp "nieh the emperor MICH .
.,s,. - e1elc.seo over tne press restrained the
.slv.t} ano spontaneity Of intellectual enter
uses out win Enc grand reforms instigated bJ
tS1ASohn Il. was the gut OF comparative
seuoa VI existence 20 BOOKS and journals.
III e3tcnueo loerty OF action, the natfon has
aoe great progress In the advancement Of -.
autnoFsn'p mas oeen principally EN-
o,eo III Tue present reign in the department
PROSE- ana 5et IN the "Chrestomathy,'' pub.
'nco III 1910, inc numoer ot native poets cited
~ 10 -"
1ne maJor'ty OIL Russian writer's are to-day en-
eeo IN tne province OF Journalism. In tho
st twenty years several hundred newspa-
rs auo periodicals have been organized, many
"n1cn Will Dear comparison With the best 10
,a"suase except the English In serious
1uiee Inc RUSSIANS nave also made praise
atny ploSsess" In no country is more being
soupilsneo IN Inc direction Of history l.,
s4e!os}' aoo eennography' and the same mar
o'1" III ieeafu 10 the various branches Of
: snse ,.a anu OF pnnosopnS ana Jurisprudence:
n1nouSa' Us NC nave said journalism no"