The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-05-20

every
effort TO reach the goal from the Siberian Polar sea
when many distinguished discoverer was, alter ms
return. degraded to sailor The best way Oh nctns
mertorious emulation Ia 10 promise great rewards 70
the most deserving after the return home, but this
should be done without naming the prospective re-
cpicns OF such honors during the tendency OF Tug
expedition As 10 punitive deductions OF pay the
mer seldom pay any attention to such threats, anu,
with reason, because they seldom enforced upon
the return home.
pEcuSlARy INCENTIVES NEEDED.
For the officers the scientific achievements VIII De
sufficient recompensc Tor their abors, but tor the crew
only material advantages can constitute Their salts
factory reward. 10 be sure, money IS but weak III
ceniive 10 who destined TO remain Tor years
among the icy deserts or tho North but Is, after
ALL the only means by which those indifferent to ideal
commanded by Captain +. Ross received Tor four
years OF marty rdom spent on the ice only too eacn;
The sailors of the second German expedition received
IRON eight twelve thaers per month, but the crew
the Tegethof were much better paid, and some OF
the sedge travellers received as much as 0oo HORNS
81, 500L powerful motor Tor hcrcuiean EFFORTS may
obtained by grading the amount oil pay according
the success attained In 1874 guaranteed 10 the
who accompanied me III scdges and should reach
eghty-one degrees, s500 to those penetrating 70
eghty-two degrees, $3.50, and TO those reaching
the eighty-third, $4,000, but in distributing these
amounts among them merit was 10 be decisive
factor Prudence well as justice REQUIRES that the
most deserving men should be protected from want
after their return for the remainder oil their hyes
mo crew OF the TegethoH all received permanent
situations through the States the crews OF tho Alert
and Discovery got high premiums ana all Inc omcers
have dweit somewhat extendcdy upon the qucs.
ton Of rewards because individual experience teaches
me their Importance and because presume that the
new American expedition will call forth the highest
efforts and the most genuine devotion ON the part OF
WORTHLESS VOLUNTEERS
Volunteers without special illness or knowledge
available during Polar expediton-t e., volunteers
who can offer nothing their so-callcd enthusiasm
worthless and II they belong TO the better classes,
they are iualy found 10 be merely inthe way
Contrary to the general opinion, would not recon-
mend the employment OF men VINO nave already taken
part IN expeditions except perhaps the most deserv-
ing among those specially lifted Tor the work. Others
liable 10 deem their own experience as vaiu-
able those OF the commander, and " their views
conflict oppose passive resistance, which destroys
the irst element Of success obedience On tho other
hand men who enter upon their first expedition arc
apt 10 receive the directions OF experienced leader
with an attention which generally only PAD TO reveal
adopted by Barentz 1890 upon his second expedition,
while the fceetholl mad hve on board
Tho crew should consist OF practiced pedestrians,
mountain climbers ana workmen. They should all
belong nationality and be strong and healthy
Tho slightest indications OF tendency 10 rheumatism
ailments to which sailors fall but too readily prey
render them unable to bear the hardships OF Polar
climate, more especially oil sledge Journey Tncy
are ike arunkards in this, that they exceedingly
liable to scurvy Men under thirty are preferable TO
those above that age.
PHYSICIAN PHOTOGRAPHERS AND PAINTER NEEDED.
The physician Of an expedition should possess,
besides MS technical capacity, the most uncomfortable
patience for to many OF the sick he is us much physi
clan OF the mind as OF the body Even II another
has already passed the physical fitness OF
the men he should still subject them to a rigorous cx
animation for he alone is nnally held responsible Tor
diseases which may subsequently break out
AS an expedition should not only am at its scientific
object also NJ The dissemination OF correct idea OF
the aspects Of Polar nature, Is urgently 70 be recon-
mended that photographer and, stu better, q
grapher is unfortunately crcumscribedi in the limits OF
his usefulness by the immediate surroundings OF his
ship. A good painter, however, could give US from
the ntciio OF the coonyhouse invaluable studies OF
nature and particularly oil Polar light effects. They
ally fine summer days such studies could even be
made In tho open air. provided that oil and not water
colors were used.
THOROUGH EQUIPMENT PREREQUISITE
In the equipment OF the colony 10 general the prln-
cple OF providing the temporarily oanshed with the
utmost comfort should prevail as In all other
Polar expeditions even II subsequent experiences
should battle efforts made in that direction. Ever
since reading Kanes work, which received as
schoo,boy's prize have cherished the greatest ad-
mratlon for that heroic man as well rs tor Hayes,
whose incompatible sledge journey has been always
present my mind as lofty IDEAL Experience, now
ever, has taught TO warn other expeditions from
starting with such insufficient preparations, and this
where enthusiasm and love Of sacrifice 60
hand In hand. An expedition which lacks
power and which like that Of Kane) has only scant
provisions during the first winter and has TO live ON
dried apples the second takes place under conditions
worse than the winter soiourns OF Barentz and
Hudson The smalness oil the ships IN the instances
above referred 70 was partly the cause OF the insult
fcient equipment Small ships facilitate the passage
through the but, dcduCtng the space required Tor
the accommodation OF those board for the machines
and coal such ships cannot hold supplies and pro-
visions for more than two years and hali. The
American Colony however, is 10 be equipped for three
years portable house IS to be erected and twice tho
usual number OF a ships crew Is TO be taken out The
only alternative, therefore, would be to select ship
OF about the size OF tho Discovery.
HOW TO FIT Up CoLoNY's HOUSE.
Among all circumstances II is preferable that the
members Of the expeditions shall remain on board the
ship insteaa OF staying In such house. The ship Is
warmer and is less accumulation OF ice around
it. But house IS to be erected and used II should
DC fitted mp for the special use OF such an expedition
in orcer overcome the disadvantages 1 have
named OF course the house should be made as dense
ship, and the living rooms should be provided
with watertight tapestry tvulcanized lndiarubber,
carpets hungings) The house should also be pro-
tected outside by OF several inches thick,
and the windows should be covered up. To heat the
rooms with ordinary stoves is not advisable owing to
their unequal distribution Of heat, and this can
only be secured by the ,eeding stoves
tFuofeul, which possess the additional advan-
tage VI consuming less coal The stoveppes should
lead straight up that the heat does not escape
too soon, they should be distributed through the
room. Hot arr conducted through pipes is still more
preferable because countcracts the formation OF Ice.
Bricks viii be found useful IN some parts OF the build
ing A separate chamber can be covered over with
tin then used Tor washing, drying and bathing.
The bath IN these Northern regions is highly
to health because the skin receives no
other friction Petroleum Will light the living rooms
sufficiently, but IN the cabins stearine candies are
preferable TO petroleum tram oil Of great impor-
lance is the construction OF lamps H. e., observation
lampsl which should DO used IN the winter IN the
open air and are not likely to be cxtnguIshed by
the blasts o the wind to be frozen up Even petro
leum freezes at 20 deg. X Massive grated circular
glass lamps OF warming capacity, are best fitted
popular that II Is good to have quite n number.
Ali doors should have latch hooks and pull weights.
MINOR MATTERS.
An important question IN passing winter IN the
Arctic regions TO maintain pure DIR aad an equable
heat The nrst named requisite Is secured by boring
holes underneath tat the door, for the lngress and
tat the congl Tor the exit oil the air and cover
ing them over with condensing vessels. The colony
should also not omit TO partially surround the house
| with outbudings OF stone or snow which can be used
for sorchouses MINDLESS passages and antc-courts
and these latter could be rooted over with strong
| canvas.
Discipline requires that the officers and crew should
live separately. To transfer the kitchen, also to the
crews with hope OF saving coal thereby IS not
advisable, because II would too greatly increase tho
accumulation OF moisture As long AS the men remain
| in the house they will not require iurs, even In the
greatest cold. Close iittng woollen underwear and
stout clothing will suffice In most cases, although the
| temperature the interior oil house Is lower
than IL is shpboard. To take iur-hncd
| leather boots Is not advisable They are OF great
weight become stin and soon lose their utility by