Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1877-11-10
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TIE SEPARATES, 1oAR, OHIO.
Germans. Emigrated from Wurtem-
burg in 1917, under the leadership Of Jo-
seph Banmeler. Adopted communism of
property in 1919. businesses: agricul-
ture, manufactures, and merchandise.
Estimated value of property, one million
dollars. Amount of land, 1900 acres.
Celibates until 1928; marriage has since
prevailed. Jacob Ackermann present
leader, but shares his responsibilities
with trustees, chosen by the members.
Basis, religion.
IDR. KEILs COMMUNITIES.
The one located at Bethel, Shelby
County, Missouri, was founded in 1874
Highest membership, $50; present, about
$50. Mostly Germans and Pennsy lvania
Dutch. Businesses: agriculture, manu-
features, and merchandise. Own 1000
acres Of land. Governed by president
and trustees. Favor marriage. Founded
on religion. That at Aurora, Oregon,
where DR.. Keil now resides, was founded
IN 80 tha
having $4,000 acres of land and about
400 members. Their basic principles
are, of course, the same as at Bethel.
The two communities are substantially
one, having common interest. Many
persons at Aurora went from Bethel,
which accounts for the latter's decline in
numbers.
THE SHAKERS.
Mostly Americans; few of other ma
tionalities. Followers of Ann Lee. Sew
enteen societies, in seven states. Each
society is divided into two or more fami-
lies or separate communities, 80 that
there are in all over fifty Shaker commu-
mites. These had at one time u menu
bership of five or six thousand. The
present membership is not far from 2,400.
The Shaker communities are all large
landowners. Businesses: agriculture and
manufactures. The Shskers are religious
celibates. Each family has its elders, ell
dresses, trustees, and deacons; and every
two or three societies have q ministry,
consisting, when complete, of two males
and two females. Tue Central Ministry
of all the societies resides the greater
part of the time at Lebanon, N. Y, oc-
casionally visiting the other societies.
Daniel Bolar and Giles B. Avery now
stand at the head of the Shaker minis
tries.
THE PERFEcTI0NIsTs.
Founded by John Humphrey Moves.
AS a religious sect, date from 1884; as
communists, from 1S46. First organized
in community at Putney, VT. Removed
to Oneida, N. Y, in 1S4S. The branch
society in Wallingford, Conn, established
in 1851. Whole number of members 3O1.
Businesses: the manufacture of silk
threads and steel traps, the canning of
fruits and vegetables, and agriculture.
Social system, complex marriage. Theo-
dore K. Noyes, son of the founder, is
now president Of the two communities,
which have common interest, inter-
changing men and capital as occasion re-
quires.
THE IcARIAxs, CORNING, ADAMS CO., IOWA.
French. Their FIRST leader and presi-
dent was Etienne CADET Securing one
million acres Of land In Texas,he estab-
lished = colony there, In 1S4s; which re-
moved % Naavoo, IslinoiS, in 1s4Q; aud
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