The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1877-03-31

mer owners, but the old state of things il
"dun cIar' gone" This trade and traffic, il
may be fairly expected, will in few year,
largely increase the wealth and intelligence
of the race in these localities.
| THE SEA ISLAND COTTON
brings treble the price Of inland. An acre
will produce in the neighbsrhood of three
hundred and fifty pounds OF seed cotton,
| which when ginned weighs about seventy
five pounds, or one to five. The negroes
without doubt will eventually grow all the
cotton. as not one in five of the Northern
men have thus far succeeded in their at
| tempts. Let the reader remember that we
have not looked at single piece of machin-
| cry vet, and then calculate the number of
people and the amount of wealth, these
works employ and produce, before we reach
the factory. The sail, the mine, commerce
and manufactures, all find employment to
supply The Clark Thread Company works,
and when they stop the cotton may bloom
| and fell unplucked, the coal miner may
starve on a bed of black diamonds the sails
on the rivers be spread to the breeze no
more and the lathes in a hundred shops be
| left to rust in silence. The manufacture of
Clark's 80. N. T." Spool Cotton embraces
the islands of the sea and penetrates the
bowels of the earth, utilizing the treasures
of wealth on every hand, enriching and
womb of ages to the spindles of Newark.
We will now examine into the immediate
sources of the lower which drives the end
less machinery of this vast hive of industry,
with its sixty miles of betting and about
seventy miles of steam pipe for heating pur-
poses.
WE ENTER THE ENGINE HOUSE,
itself large enough for an ordinary factory.
Here is mighty production of human
nd hrou Tn, no of 10
monster, with its majestic tread, one feels
his own insignifcance and frailty. This
vast piece of machinery, moving silently,
save the sharp click of the improved steam
cutoff, is equal in power to the combined
draft of six hundred horses, and is two en-
gines in one, usually termed double en-
CINE. The fy-wheels, travelling at the rate
of forty eight revolutions per minute, and
carrying three huge belts on its surface
each two feet wide, is seventy eight feet in
circumference, twenty-five feet in diameter
and weighs thirty tons or sixty thousand
pounds. The shaft is fourteen inches in
thickness, the double cylinders ara twenty
six inches in diameter, with condensers, and
stroke of five feet. They were built by
Corliss, in 1874. One of the three belts on
the fy-wheel is one hundred and fifty feet
in length. But even this double monster
could not run the works. 1t has big
day for ten hours on their endless journey,
and never get tired. They are wonders of
power and elegant workmanship, worthy Of
visit from any one who wants to see the
BIGGEST PAIR OF TWINS
in New Jersey. They are supplied with
steam from nine immense tubular boilers
and four large upright boilers, Corliss' plan.
They consume twenty-five tons of coal per
day, which will give some idea of the
amount of steam necessary to drive the i'm
mense establishment. Besides these there
Watts, Campbell 81 Co., of Newark, in diff
ferent prats of the works. making seven in
all, grand total of nearly fourteen hun
dred horse power. The young mountain
of coal, which looks enough to last a
whole city year, is rebuilt by two hundred
and fifty ton boat loads, at brief intervals.
MANUFACTURING THE THREAD.
The cotton is brought in bales to the mix
ing rooms, when it is examined and placed
in bins, according to the different grades,
ready for the scutching machines, which
open and beat the material, cleaning it from
the dirt and sand it contains in the bale.
After going through the scutching machine,
it comes out in the shape of a roll, like wall
paper, comparatively soft, white and clean.
1t is, however, really in very rough state,
compared with the fneness and perfection
that is to be reached. Several of these
scutching machines are running continual
ly and their sound is like the roar of q
lightning express train, as it whirls past the
platform where you stand. The first
scutcher is fed with the bale cotton from a
hopper which lets it through into knives
set in large rollers, which revolve with ire
mendous force, and lightning speed, pick.
ing the cotton into small pieces, and pass
ing it by suction of air, on to other rollers,
between which it goes and comes out in the
shape of web or lap in large rolls. Four
of these rolls are then placed upon a ma
chine like the first and run together through
the same process of
PICKING AND BEATING AND CLEANING,
when it comes out again in the same shape
as before, rolled to exactly the thickness
from which the thread yarn is to be spun.
What ~ silver" is will be learned further
on. The machine is so delieately set that it
regulates the thickness of the web or lap to
| within half an ounce, in web of five feet,
weighing only twelve to eighteen ounces.
After being put through three soutcbing
machines in this way and coming out with
| eight thicknesses of web or lap similar to
| that produced by the first process, it is
ready for the carding machines. This de-
| partment is hlled with Carding Machines,
Drawing frames, Lappers, and Combing
Machines, a perfect labyrinth of betting;
pulleys. and machinery, the noise of which
| is like the roar of many waters mingled
with the CHATTER of thousand wheels. One
of the large rolls of web or lap that came
| from the last scutching machine is placed on
| carding machine, which takes and runs ii
BETWEEN THE TEETH
of large and small cylinder for the pur.
pose of drawing out the entangled fbers
! and laying them parallel or in the same line
of direction and also to remove the small
| pellicles or notes which may have escaped
the action of the scutching machine. AT
ter being treated in this way, comber OF
doffer takes the web from the small cylin
der, which is now delicate gauze; and ii
is gathered up and passed through small
hole, say half an inch in size, after watch
it is coiled in revolving can. The whole
process is one of wonderful delicaey, the
material being so finely worked that a
breath OF air would break it. This card
contains ninety thousand square teeth to a
foot, or total of four million one hundred
and eighty-six thousand. On the cardine
machine is little joker that works like
| some old man, raising the wire covered fats
| from the teeth of the carder which it cleans
and throws off the particles of dirt and
coarse cotton left on them. Six of the
TIN CANS CALLED CARD sLIvKRs,
in which the roll is wound are now taken
to another machine called a Drawing
Two - al