davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
FRENCH FINANCES.

POLICY OF CONTRACTION AND RESUMPTION
PURSUED.
WASHINGTON. ID. G., Sept 8, 1877.
The following statement emanatcs from high lnan-
cial authority In this city:-
Constant ailusion Is being made to tho policy of
France regard to resumption beng dincrent from
adopted here, when the truth Is that country has
been acting upon the very policy that tho United
States pursuing; bat France vs. reducing its circua
much more rapidly than the United States Tho
Bank OF France has Withdrawn its circulation during
the last months to the amount oil at least twelve
million pounds sterling, sixty million dollars, and
has accumulated coin IN about tue ratio, and Is
now prdctically at specie payments, and would no
doubt formally but for the unsettled condition
OF the silver question, far more disturbed than here
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
GENERAL WASHINGTON DISPATCHES.
WASHINGTON, Sept. s, 1877.
THE SIT TING BULL CoMMIs SION

WASHINGTON Sept. 8. 1877.
THE SITTING BULL CoMMIs SION.
There was conference at tho War Department to-
day. participated in by Secretary McCrary Secretary
Evarts. Secretary Schurz General Lawrence and Coo-
mel Corbip, secretary Of the Sitting Hull Commission
was decided that the Commissioners meet at ST. Paul
on the 18th inst. General Lawrence aud Colonel Cor
bin Will leave here tomorrow for that city. The con.
ference to day resulted the preparation of inslruc-
tons for the conduct Of the commission.
HON. KENNETH RAYNER FINED FOR ASSAULT
Hon. Kenneth Rayner, solicitor OF the Treasury, ap-
pearod before tho Police Court, to-day. to answer
charge of assault Mr. Sotcldo, editor OF tho Ma.
hoiat Republican. Mr. Rayner read statement as to
the leading TO the assault and Mr. Sotcdo also
made n statement The Court then imposed a fine OF
$50 upon Mr.. RayneE
THE UNEMPLOYED IN THE DISTRICT.
There was meeting here to night OF IL committee
representing the citizens movement for tho employ
ment Of labor in the District OF Columbia. Although
10 definite action was had thero full Interchange
OF opinion ON the subject OF relieving this community
OF surplus mechanics and laborcrs The committee
propose to put themselves in communication with
parts OF the country where labor needed ana, II
necessary, furnish those out Of employ with means to
reach points where they may find a call for work
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
RAILROAD ACCIDENTS.
[BY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD. ]


ERIE DEror, Pa. Sept .. 1877.
An unusually distressing accident occurred ON the
Lake Shore Railroad this afternoon just east OF fPanes
vllle ONO. stephen Lockwood and his wife, an aged
couple were driving dugonally across the track when
their buggy struck BY the western bound express
train. Thar horses were KILLED, the carriage domo.
shcd and Tho occupants hurled dead upon the pilot OF
the locomotive where their corpses were held by tho
fireman until the tram reached Painesvic. The de-
ceased persons were influential citizens OF Geneva,
ONO, anu have three sons conductors the road one
OF whom they were on their way TO WISH.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
CHANGES AND AssIGNMENTs--C CAPACITIES OF THE
TRENTON.

CHANGES AND AsSIGNMENTS--CA CAPACITIES OF THE
TRENTON.
WASHINGTON Sept 8, 1877.
Lieutenant George w. Tyler IS ordered 10 the
Plymouth. Master Thomas II. Punkett Is ordered
10 the Gettysburg Ensign r. +. Nicholson is ordered
for duty in instruction IN ordnance ut the Washington
Navy Yard. Ilcutopant Andrew Dunlap Is detached
from the Hydrograpuic Office aud oracrcd 10 the
UssIpec Master Lewis &. Hcilncr Is detached from
tho Osspco and awaits ordcrs
THE TEhNrOS.
A letter received hore from officer on boa rd the
United states ship Trenton, dated smyrna, August t17
says the vessel works to a charm. Shc has made
fourteen knots und has made 900 knots In seventy
two hours an average OF twelve and hull knots nn
hour, without any extra pressure she has out.
stripped all the vessels on the Mediterranean station
and the officers aud crew anxious TO have a trial
with the White line.
The same letter says there is much Jealousy on tho
part OF tho Turks toward Americans because they be-
cvc the latter sympathizc with Russia.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
PREPARING FOR THE PRESIDENT.

NASHVILLE, Tenn, Sept s. 1871
Very complete arrangements are being made Tor the
reception OF President Hayes General b. +. Cheat
ham was to-night appointed Chief Marshal OF tho day.
with power to appoint aids.
The Grand Lodge OF Odd Follows which is to lay the
corner stone OF the Custom House on that OCCASION
have been requested TO JON the procession. Invita-
tons oin have also been extended
other benevolent and civic bodies aud schools.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
THE FISHERIES.

HALirAx, n. s., Sept. s, 1871
Adviccs from the MagdaIen Islands to the Sd inst
state lhe cod and mackcrcl fisheries are not good
Cod bait Is scarce Mackerc is abuncant, but will not
bite Twenty live American vessels who we're fishing
around the Islands last week. wcrc doing we'll ON
August 80 sudden and terrific squat OF WIND aud
ram passed over the Islands, ipJurDg several nsnng
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
A WOMAN TO BE HANGED.
[BY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD. !

BY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD
HARRIsoNBCRG. Va, Sept g, 1871.
Application for new trial In the case OF Louisa
Lawson, convicted OF completely In the murder of her
husband, refused to-day. and sentence of death
pronounced upon the prisoner, who TO DO executed
on Tuesday, the 30th OF October next She received
the sentence Without much apparent emoton.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
SUICIDE BY AN OLD MAN.
[BY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD. I

TRENTON, y. j., Sept s, 1877.
Henry Jones, alias Old ''Paul Jones - aged abou.
seventy years. hanged himself here this evening
He was q resident VI this CITY for hall a century
u harness maker by trade Of intempernto habits and
In his youth was a great sportsman He boarded with
Widow Mound, apd her threatening to leave him and
10 to Tennessee together with his being wreck from
intcn porance we're the supposed OF the suicide
A coroncr's Inquest will be held.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06


according to intelligence from suleiman
Pacha's army the Turks have obtained still
further command of the Gabrova road to the
Shipka Pass. Cannonading was going on
between the hostile batteries in the Pass on
Tuesday.
HINT OF RUssIAs DESIGN.
The Times correspondent at the Shipka
Pass says the Russians have made a fine
road up the Pass, which could never have
been done had they not intended to use it
for the passage of large army into Rou-
melia when the proper moment arrives.
New bridges and other improvements in the
road are still being made, affording evil
dence that they adhere to their original in
tention.
THE WAR IN ARMENIA
A telegram from TiAis states that
the Russians have entirely disman-
tied Ardahan, which is now an
open town. General Komoroff has with
drawn most of his troops from there to the
main body of the army, leaving only nine
rifle battalions in the place.
sEavIA PREPARING HER ARMY.
A Belgrade despatch states that the first
class Of the Servian militia has been ordered
to be at points of concentration by the 18th
inst. All the commanders of corps leave
Belgrade on Thursday (to-day). The second
class of militia has been ordered to hold
itself in readiness to march. Prince Milan
will take chief command.
AN ARMIsTIcE IN MONTENEGRO.
A correspondent at the Montenegrin
headquarters telegraphs from Ostrog, Sep
tember 5:--''An armistice of twenty-four
hours, ending at noon to-day, has been
agreed to. Negotiations are at present
going on"
WHO WILL MEDIATE?
A despatch from Berlin states that accord
ing to semi official advices Austria and Ger
many have declared that they do not deem
the present state of affairs one to induce
them to offer their mediation to either
belligerent, yet they would support vigor-
ously Oh offer Of mediation from any other
Power.
WILL ENGLAND STRIP IN?
The Times leader urges very strongly
that England should offer mediation, with
the concurrence Of the other neu-
trail Powers. Offers Of mediation could
be based on the recommend dations
made by the Constantinople con-
ference. In this connection the Neacs'
Bucharest correspondent says peace
rs impossible until the Turks are
completely crushed. The war has be-
come q dynastic one for the Ro-
manoffs as much as the Franco
Prussinn war was for the Napoleons. If the
Car entered Moscow after concluding an
unsatisfactory peace, it would have to be at
the point Of the bayonet. This should be
as we'll known abroad as it is in Russia.
INCAPABLE TURKISH COMMANDERS VANISHED.
BY an order Of the Turkish Ministry of
War Redif Pacha and Abdul Kerim Pacha,
with the ex-commandants of Scutari, Sis
tova and Shipka and ten other officers,
until the termination Of hostilities, the
commissioners appointed to try them being
at present engaged in other duties con-
nected with the war. The prisoners left
yesterday for their place of exile.
OSMAN PACHA.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
SUDDEN DEATH.
sAPH TO THE HERALD

BY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD
BALrixoRE, Nd, Sept 8, 1877.
At ten O'Clock tonight Senator Oweu Of South Caro-.
lina died at the Howard House from epilepsy. This
morning his wfo and father reached Baltimore from
Columbia. The cash and securities In charge OF the
hotel clerk are SAID to be worth S42, 900.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
THE WEATHER. YESTERDAY

The following record will show the changes in the
temperature for the past twenty four hours in
parison with the corresponding date OF last year,
indicated BY The thermometer at Hudnuts pharmacy,
HrxAIn Iuildinc.-
The New York herald., 1877-09-06


The total earnings OF tho road during the year 1876
exceeded 81 900 900, while the working expenses Tor
period were only a fraction over 81, 500 0C0.
The number OF passengers carried the
road for the year specified 23S 93?, the
fares amounting to S354, $50 The freipht amounted
l23 5l7 tons. Passenger rates from Vera Cruz to
the city of Mexico, 263 mles, first class Sl6 second
class $12 80, third class 81 25 Freight rates per
the same route:-Foregn goods, first class,
$40 05; native goods, SSs 02 foreign goods second
class $6j 1S native goods second class, $50 59 for
eign goods, thrd class, s54 81 native goods, tn I'd
class, $27 IL
Fifteen per cent of the customs dues set apart
yearly TO pay the subsidy due the company on the
completion OF the road but the government IN lieu OF
tns has agreed to pay $500 900 yearly Tor twenty five
years In consequence OF tho steep grades on this
heavy English engines have heretofore been used
thereon, but at present tho American Baldwin en-
gincs being successfully introduced and American
cars are also superscdiug the English make
WANT OF RAILROADS.
The want OF railroads Is acutev felt through
Mexico and tho subject OF Tor their con-
sirucon will, II is supposed DO leading topic at tho
next OF Congress. The capital ior their
struction must come from abroad TO large extent
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
THE WEEKLY HERALD.
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR-POSTAGE
FREE

THE CHEAPEST AND BEST NEWSPAPER IN THE
woRLD-Now READY.
The WEEKLY HERALD for this week contains telc.
graphic news from all parts OF tho world Political
News; full particulars OF tho Death Of Brigham
Young; Death of Theirs, with sketch Of his
life; Obituary Notices Of Captain Semmes, r. l.
Davenport ana Alvin Adams; the Hostile Red
Men; graphic report of the Terrible Conflagra-
ton Tenth Avenue; the Prison Tragedy In Hart.
ford Two Unhappy Hcarths; ossawottame Brownt
a Disgraccul Mob; the Centennial Murder; Shot
Through the Head; the Social Science Associationi
Charley Ross; Forms and Harmony OF Dress Artist.
cally Considered; Sermon by Rev. Dr. Ever. and q
select story. 1t also contains editorial articles the
promnont topics OF the day; Personal Intelligence;
Amuscments; Religious. Literary and Art Notes;
Reviews OF tho Dry Goods, Horse aud Cattle Mar
kets Financial aud Commercial Reports; Agrcul.
tural and sporting Matters; instructive articles for
tho ladies' aud the most important events of tho week.
TEnns-onc dollar per ycar. postage PAID; single
copies. three cents. An extra copy will be scnt to
every club OF ton more.
A FRESHER CHARM Is ADDED TO THE CON.
pie xiom upon which soar 1. used. since
ms y" s OF the
HILLS HAIR AND wa'sNfn pye. black or brown, 5'c
A-BENNErr BUILDING
LoGAIES SS w AS ts4s AXP sVaT1S sr
"Nnf' TO LIZ oS vE.2 .hEHsoSHSLis TERMS.
LAWYERS BANKERS si'ASbh ASb rNsHeAxcE sSH OFFICES
AIRY oN TnE PREMISES.
ANOTHER PRETTY TWO STORY COTTAGE
Stone s ''s' cellar and bay ~ie,o. r..s saat
,ncei. B.w. HIrcucOcK.
10 Joriianat ST. near broadway.
NEVER FAILING CURE FOR FEVER AND
Ague aud Dyspepaa-lioLsAs's PAD Not to try Is
sheer FOLLY. Depot cs Maiden lane. Consultation irce.
Pm, composed exclusively Of vegetable ingredients.
and although they engy .nper.,dc 'he use OF %srsnry
upon the liver u valuable remedy in all OF
thai organ sick ieadase 81 end
A-PRICE REDUCED FROM IS TO So
2ie Broadway and Fifth Avenue Hotel
SINGLE HAT AT WHOLESALE PRICE tsPE-
ciaty Geetemens sils Hats. Latest novelties In nns
Hats Helmets. Dersy and Son Hats 10 New Church 81
uD stair.
BRAIN FooD-A BOTANICAL EXTRACT,
M the o' p.ss d ss ssS s it. ; .s
BRAIN FOOD Is SOLD BY HUDNUr HERALD
Building; Caswell Massey 18th St and Broadway
FAMILIES FROM THE COUNTRY Buy YOUR
Doors aud sHogs from MILLER & co. $40 Broadway
HAVE YOUR JOB PRINTING
done at the
METROPOLITAN JOB PRINTING OFFICE.
~ Ann st.
OFTEN FROM OUR NEGLECT THE HAIR TURN'
gray aud falls out. Use PARxERs HAIR BALsAx sui
your hair will recover its color aud vgor.
THE HERALD OFFERS FOR SALE
TWO SINGLE BULLOCK rERrEcrrNG PREssEs
capable OF printing 1000 copies per hour.
Of eight page paper either SIX eight coumna
ALSO ALL THE STEREOTYPE MACHINERY BE-
LONGING THERETO
PRICE $1,000
Address j. q. BENNETT
New York Herald
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

Average temperature yesterday 1OA
vear ..i''.-.- ....-'......'...-- sal
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

A FRESHER CHARM Is ADDED TO THE conf
pexion which Gtssss SULPHUR Soar I. used since
derives exquisite purity rom the Incompatible article
which radicates all local Diseases OF the skin.
IliLL's HAIR AND waisKEH Dyn. black OF brown 5bc
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
THE RAILROADS OF MEXICO.
INTERESTING REPORT FROM MINISTER FOSTER
TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT.

TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT.
WASHINGTON, Sept. s, 1877.
The United States Minister to Mexico has trans
mttod to the Department Of State an interesting
port upon the railroads OF that country. IRON which
appears that there is but Que railroad Of any
tcnt In Mexco-that which runs from Vera Cruz to
the city OF Mexico, with branch connecting the latter
place with Pueba, 300 miles, and another branch run
ming near Vera Cruz to Jalapa sixty-onc miles.
All the other roads In the valley Of hexco aggregate
less than afty miles. Tho concession Tor tho building
OF this road transferred from native hands to
English company in 1857, up 10 which time the
surveys had only been made by whom it
pleted In 1878 The principal otlce OF tho company
Is in London Tho road is managed by board OF ten,
elected by tho shareholders.
ROAD
Tho cost OF the construction Of tho road is general
The New York herald., 1877-09-06
THE HERALD OFFERS FOR SALE

OFTEN FROM OUR NEGLECT THE HAIR TURN
nav aud falls out. Use P,RxER's HAIR BALsAx
our hair will recover its color and vigor.
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

TWO SINGLE BULLOCK PERrECrISG PRESsES
capable Of printing II 100 copies per hour.
eight page paper, either six, eight coumnA
ALSO ALL THE STEREOTYPE MACHINERY BE-
LONGING THERETO.
PRICE $1,000
Address J. q. BENNETT,
New York Herald
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

Five rooms, hard Finished walls tin stNJ:
stone cellar aud bay win niosr, $50 Do risk yons
nancy savings banks. BE sensible.
FREQ passes kssena Pars Come, examine and he
yinced Il. w. HIrCIIcUCk
allrllI In.ll IL Il.ur r1lnlIu
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

METROPOLITAN JOB PRINTING OFFICE,
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

BRAIN FOOD Is SOLD BY HUDNUr HERALD
Building; Caswei Massey 18th St and broadway.
FAMILIES FROM THE COUNTRY Buy YOUR
Doors aud SHosS from MILLER & co. $40 broadway
The New York herald., 1877-09-06

BRAIN FOOD-A BOTANICAL EXTRACT,
the brain and debility Price
81. All druggists Depot, Aliens Phmmacy, 18TH st. aud
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1877-07-06

mand light at 67a6sO per gallon. Refined
petroleum is quiet and steady at l4al5c per
gallon, and ext lard oil is neglected at 73a75c
per gallon for current make.
POHApOES--rne rece pts are liberal, ana
with fair OOnsumptiye demand, tine market
remaius steady, though quiet at 81 50a3 pei
brl for good 10 choice varieties.
POULTRl-The market is steady, but quiet,
for chickens, with an ample supply and mod
crate demand AZ $2a2 5O for Young and 81 75a
3 % for Old, Der dozen.
SALr-DOmGstic is in moderate demand,
and selling at lSc per bu ami 81 0j per brl VI
2SO lbs for Ohio River ana Kanawha. Turks
Island is dull at 3od3 per bu. Coarse Liver
pOO1 is held at 81 l0al IL per sack.
SEED-Market dull, but steady Clover
is held at l4c per ID, and timothy Is offering
at 81 9OI2 90 per bu. German mlllet is quoted
SOaS5c, aud hungarian grass seed 7Oa75c per
bu. seed buckWheat sells at 81 70 per Du
Flax seed 81 2Ual 50 per bu.
SUGAk-There Is a fair consumptive de-
mand with a steady market. We quote lOHa
1870 for yellow refined, nXAll1c Tor extra
"C," uAa12o for "a" white, 2%al21c fol-
powdered and granulated, l3c for crushed, and
l3Ac for cut loaf. New Orleans l0allc for
raw, and11 nallXc for clarified per lb.
TALLOW-The demand Is moderate with
free offerings, and steady at 7Ha7hc foI
prime country, and "a for city rendered, pei
pound.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1877-07-06
FASHION THE SCULPTOR.

A fashion writer says: Feminine
grace and elegance has never appeared
to more advantage than at the present
time. The styles of bodices tenders
to lengthen the waist, and the graclul
form. Fashion seems determined to add
to, and not, as formerly, to detract from,
the figure. We copy, in fact, from the
Renaissance age, but put our expert
ence and advanced taste into the place
then occupied by the severest formal
Isms. We endeaYor to make fashion
the sculptor which puts the finishing
touches to the almost perfect figure.
TO attempt to point out with accuracy
what the present prevailing style is, is
task difficult even to contemplate,
since tastes are SO varied. Mosi
ladies take pride in adopting an odd
style, original either with themselves or
their modiste. Some affect ths ancient
costumes of the time OF Louis xiv and
XIV, while others date from the First
Empire and the DirectOire. One and
all, however, still cling with affection to
the Princesse style borrowed from the
Middle Ages, and which, from week to
week, we continue to improve in some
respect, supplying the deficiency in the
tight, scanLy drapery with full, ample,
fau-shaped trains.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1877-07-06

and other things, put two inches of salt
at eacb head, and rolled IL to tue curb
stone; and at favorable hour a dray
backed upin the most innocent manner,
and an order tpOm grocer for barrel
OF salt was handed out. The dral man
and two OF the boys fooled around the
barrel so long that the strong man got
out OF his chair in disgust, threw OF MS
coat, and said:
You fellows had better get porous
plasters Tor your backs. Get out Of the
way and give me u chancgY'
lie seized the barrel by the chimes
and lifted away. IL didit move. He
spit on his hands and laid out to pull
the hoops right off. The hoops stald right
there. SO did the barrel.
''it takes four good men to lit one o.
them barrels" SAID the drayman.
"Nonsensel PYe lifted a score of
them, and Pll pick this up or break my
back. guess the salt must be Wet"
He got IN position, drew a long Urea ath,
and tnen lifted till his eyes looked like
TWO towels lett out on the clothes .lue
| in a dark night. The barrel didn't lift.
Pig iron was too much lor muscle, and
| the litter sat down on the walk. His
back used 70 be plumb up and down, but
| IL hasn't been since that lift. His eyes
| are getting back to their original posi-
| tiOn, anu the red IS leaving the back OF
his neck, and he sees two men handle a
bag OF dried apples or a bushel OF beans
without word Of COMMENT Free
Press.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1877-07-06

The Cossack cavarymen are all CON-
paratively young men and have young
wives. Whenever they set out on a
campaign they buy white scarf or
handkerchief TO take with them. At the
close of their period OF service they re.
turn to their villages and are met by the
whole population. Now wife who has
been uufaithlul to her lord, kneels down
before him in the road, puts her face in
the dust, and places her husbands
foot upon her NECK. This is confession
of guilt, and at the same time pray er
for forgiveness. II the hus band then
covers mis- wile's head with the white
scarf, it means that he forgiyes her and
agrees to forget her fault. Ii the white
handkerchief Is not produced, the
mouse without again entering her hus
bands dwelling, and divorce is pro-
nounced. MIR. MacGaham recounLs a
tragical story which a soldier told him
on the Danube. A returning Cossack
was informed by malicious neighbor
before he reached his home that his
wife had been untaithful. His com.
rades perceived that he had all of a
sudden taken TO drink and dissipation,
although he was not man gwen to
theoe Woes. When he reached mis- VII.
iage his wife, as he feared, came lor.
ward, knelt down, and put ner face In
the dust at his feet. Tue spectators
saw him look at her as she lay in the
dust for long time. Two or three
times he put his hand in his breast tor
the white handkerchief as if he were GO
ing to cover the repentanC woman's
head-twO or three llm1s The movement
was restrained. Finally, as il driven
iYnn mi n i5
sword, and with one stroke severed her
head from her body. The punishment
tor the crime was Two months impris
onment, while the malicious neignbor
who had taken the trouble to inform
him beforehand Of his wife's miscon
duct was sentenced 70 Siberia for three
YEARS.
The Cincinnati daily star. [volume] ([Cincinnati, Ohio]) 1875-1880, 1877-07-06

No. 2 Milwaukee, nOmiually 81 60. Rye dull:
Malt quiet ana steady. Corn: Receipts. 81, 90
bushels: hight supply and moderate demand:
ungraded Western mixed, 55a60c: steam
miXsd, 5Sc. Oats: Mixed Western and State,
30a53c; white Western do, 4Oa6lc Hay dull
and unchanged Hops dull ana unchanged.
Coffee quiet and steady: Rio, cargoes,
ITa2a14c, gold; joDbing, I7a22fc, gold. Sugar
gar duu and nominal unchanged.
steady; Louisiana, 54a64c; Carolina, 8a7c.
Petroleum duh: Crude. 64G: rehued. l34c.
TallOw easier at SaSHc. Resin quiet and
steady at 81 9ja2. Spirits OF turDentine quiet
at 81 a32c. Eggs feavv at 41saI5Hc. Pork
active: new mess $l4 2Oa'4 %; June, Sl4 05a
IA IL; August SI4 bali 30. Beef quiet. packed,
l3kal3Xc: middles, 7c for Western long clear.
Lard: easier: new prime steam, Sc; August,
Cheese unchanged Whisky nominal at 81 Ia