, 1877-05-25
A MANUFACTURER.

A MANUFACTURER.
Svhnt IIc saya---I1ow to Open Now Mar
kets.--RovlAton OF tho Tariff Needed.
TO TIA Editor Of tAs Httc FORK cAr"nft'e.
Dosros, May TO-. The real Begin
ming OF the discussion Of these questons by tho
present generation came with tho War nnd tho
fear thal tho country could not bear tho ncccs-
sary burthen Of taxation. In the study Of these
Il III. David A.. Wcfls' pamphlet, entitled
il Our purtlcu and Strength" many pursons,
like ST. Wells nnl tho unttcragncd, became
tttat tho restrictive policy y W. unwise
<ads. Bti!l, TINT t'poicy was adoplcd and s S1,l-
tns,cl through tho War. But after. tho War
ended, when tho nttctnpt was made, colncldeMtly
almost with tee removal q ts internal nt taxss,
tics, It became an imperative duty to present
tllc whole question ancw, aud At that date the
General TariG hit was defeated, thoYRh
1 as weeea esss 'sss a coness Il 5es wess aope
Since ttcn tho discussion l,ns gone on in moro
or lcss lesultory manner. but adverse results 10
the specially protected interests of coal, IRON,
as H' II wns % ti'cn ioretoid. Copper forms an c1.
ception, owing to tho enormous production, &c
very low cost, OF tho Calumet anu licc'a
mines. .-.,
where, whosc purpose 1t is to Increase tho d!.
ties, and many vi those who still claim 10 DO III
favor Of protection would heartily consent TO
trade, aod advosate Ereat oa'neation ?,
Of tariR charges; hence. IT. would scem rs Il tho
time had conc wlon men should sec how nearIn
they can a1res upon praetical ineashfes o.
revenue rcturts1. rather t!fah 70 c9ntenu over
tho abstract principles which uudcrlte their re-
4 special necessity Tor some action artsea out
OF tic condition uf tho country. Uur case
seems to bc about ts.!s, When The War bcgar
tain proportions, betwcen farmers, mechanics,
and manufacturers. fortunately for us, tint
date wns also the Goginutng Of a great era tn
Invention ana n tha os +, ~
the improved paow, tho mower, the rcaper' aml
tho like, enabled the men who remained, with
tho help Of women md children, 70 Keep up tho
iewer hands with better machinery did tho sarnc
work; In tho factories, . less number OF hantis,
working less hours, turned OF moro cloth.
When the War ended, the mining aud railway
tnanta, and thccxccsslye muutcipai expenditures,
absorbed tho work Of tho returned soldiers,
who might otherwise havo been unable to Eot
employment; Mt last, the most Intelligent and
industrious found their plaeas n working no
now machines, new methods, and new tools,
wl,ilo tho common laborers were crowded out Of
work, md concentrated in towns and cities,
wlioro they are now Idle. The d!stFust caused
by paper money has fntenstf1ed this temporary
cyii. At present, about % per cent Of the pup
ulatfon tlsiug improved tools and .narliines
eau produce Ill that 100 per cont can consnnlu
Of the staple articles Of food, fuel, clothing,
tools wares and tho like whlc Co eons.itats a tte
1itlon, produce all that We hayc yet been able
! to find market for nbToal; tho other ~ per
cent or thcreabout Of tho population Is there
foro Idle. There aro but two femcucs:
FY1si-The slow removal Of uninte1ltgcnt IN
borers from places WicTp they are not needed
to new lands, and tie construction OF new
villages subsidiary to susi, new ian!s. ~ This
process Il. going on slowly but surcly North mud
West, and rapidly In Texas.
Steoati-Tle finding OF opening Of now mar
kets in foreign countries for tho aurplns prod1Se
of our now machinery. This process Is proceed.
~ by malicious ieslslation. Tho repeat q ths Nay
iEattur acts would be Yast Step, but tho quick.
est aud surest method would By the establtsl-
| ment Of closcr ComMcrc!a! Relations Win ING
| States of North and South America.
l have only investigated tho cxact facts In
rcgard to my own special branch Of Industry.
| Canafla, aioxieo, Central aud South An'ereaa
buy from reat Britain Zach ysaF cotton faef1es
whole annual production of the Unitcd
States; and as It Is with cotton goods, SO It
must bc substantially with great many otlor
Hso Ses Fl nsst icuah TT 70 SsW Es4S SSa
| bo tauucd, exported to Germany and hwltzer.
mud to BIZ made up into shoes, and then scnt
back TO South America to be sold, The klnds
OF cotton goods In demand Ia these countrdee.
| these countries we now Import moro tt,nn wo
export; oil TINT Is needed Is revision oi
trcatics, an effective consular Service, anu
better means Of communication. subs,dlca
| aud bountIcs are not sdyocated, but tho present
| EuElah method OF good compensation to stcnnl-
sllips for carrying malls, Just as We now pay
raiiways,-uot confined 70 ono line, but palti ia
those who should do tho best woEk'1eoala 70 .}ot
10 promote these ends yet more, tho present
complicated system of duties ueela REVISION
tic abstract question would sustain, II not
afraII Of each other. 4 suitable commission,
could discharge from the tariff a vast number
OF obstructive duties, whiel, produce little roy
snar; r:;pcatins DC @ stosy %hca sr Kobcr. pce
took Utliee III 1910 OF ~, the attempt to obtain
larger re tenue from IN increase Of untist ny
faile.l, aud the revenue was ae!iclent ts,oA1oso y
I Ne then pictured tho stato OF tho country IT
words often quoted. "Tllo agricultural popl.
laton starving In the fields, tbs ships rottfax a
tllp wharyes, lhe manufacturing opetetivcs r!ot
ing n tue streets, nn thS Gnanss,,os o. W. W.
pool ol q boston!ess deficiency, ashias for
' The irst Of his great acts, long before tn
nient oi the tariff that we now need. Out .
l,2000 articles Ia tho schedule, over 700 wert
n1ado free Or tho duties reduced: in .e1peetatto,
Of reduction OF revenue from this act, ~
Tins of peace. but lhu loss Of revenue did no
conae, trade revived ut onco, the insreasr'
Import OF top, coffee, sugar, etc, ylelde1 NOR
revenue than before, aud, at the end Of thre
years, those who had opposed the original tneaa
urc, sustained another Of tho same Kind, o1
yet more radical.
10 It might bs here; = policy begun by th
promotion OF elosar trade relation: apos' ~ on on
own aud onr Bistcr contiucpt, suttAtnea W ~
re,noyai Of ye1atio,l. aud obstructive duties
which serve NJ good purpose to aay ons, u''El' r,
sinall surplus ot Kooas aud wasv
that now. weight down our market
Next might follow Tho steady and na,,ottn oruerl
adjustment OF our whole system ol revenue:
because the airocats Of the fresrtrade theof
would submit e them = being nsesssnty fo
theory would sustain them "a betuK sater tia
| tie excessive rates that stimulate thai mos
. dangerous Of Ill competttion-ths constfuctlo
| - ,Jsu - tF,NrtE