, 1877-08-27

Groottgn Sunday Eagle.
Tho miserable failure Of the TolnpkIns Square
meeting during the late riots Is not the only evi
lence that Communism, as regards this country,
Is dead, It died nearly afty years ago, after
many full and faithful trials make Il success.
To glvo brief history Of the Efforts to plant
this exotic ou Ctr soil u the object OF tho pEea.
eut article.
WHAT Is CoMMuyIsMl :,
As there is probably considerable questioning
In peoples tnlnts aa 10 what Communism really
is, let us de0ue 1t as It was unleratool by lts
ortgiuators In tho United Statos-Robort Owen,
In person, and Charles Fourier, by bis writings
and q lev earnest converts to lls tloctriocs- The
plans Of both Of these rcfornleh werc substan-
t!ally the same., Eael. proposed to reconstruct
wcre To- bo called "unita1y dwellings," Thcsa
dwellings were to take tho place Of homes, aud
thu host of inmates were to live together rs one
famt'y-lt they could. 1mmchso workshops
~esc to bc erected, where all kinda Of tradcs and
arts wcrc to Ia carried on. 0wen's communal
cdtacc was to be n great hollow sauarc, some
what like city block. Four1er's "phnsanstrY,"
on the other hand, was to be central palnce,
with two wings. OWENS plan was bascd on
Communism. Fourter's plan wR4 based on
Joint stock principle. Briefly stated, the object
OF each was to create associations having
dwelling aud workhouAcs common to all the
n.cmpets, making common stock OF their capital
or labor, OF both and share tho results according
to their several Investments.
.AoBERr OWEN
began his experiments lp Communism IN this
country in 1891. His arrival WIS tho stg1lul fur
considerable excitement on the subject OF ussoct
atlye lie aud work, and tha '4sentatlon ru it,
courau much iu thr sa.n Q manner shat rsiletpap
revival docs. II iastcu' for. two yeats, by which
time several communities were In practlra opera
ttun.. Oven catns frnn Scotlunl. where. ut New
Lnnark, he tad established mode! factory wi.
lugo tlatwa4 not ouly asuccoss In practical hcnef.
lcunce but wondeF fron q bustuess point Of
ylcy. A. nns t!tne v u a tbs embargo prsvcntoI
hin frotn carrying Oh hls business he paid iutl
wages to h!s large number Of hands 10 tho
had nothing 10 do hut to oil the machinery md
keep II clesucd. II lnay W ilnaEtue1 how frieuu-
ly tue Relations wc5h alteE thts bstwecu "lator
aud capital" ~ thus particular ease. Ia utter
years l,e attended 10 thu education 0f his coui-
ulNntly, which WIS Locked upon Is one ot tho
most remarkable successes o1 lta kind In tho
world.
WA Introduced to the uuised ssates In 1saa, by
Albert Bslsbanesand Horace Orseley. During
this year usw social!stic revival took place tar
deeper and fat more Important than the Owen
to uu,gspapsF wrltars - tl,s sKinx 81 Bohemia i"
translated sp!ue III Fourler's writings, which
we're at onee read with eagernesss h5 large NUN
bers nf thoughtful people, whilu Huraco 0Fcelcy
wrote and spoke 10 favor OF tho new scheme
which wA$ forthwith 10 resenerato society Mt.
BRISBANE Was Allnwed certain spaeu tn the New
York 1'rtauma then In ttl nrst volume, ~ tho
| following announcement In the spring OF l5E,
| ghows:
OF saeisiy. TLls column nas bsss I purshascu bS
pfuciDIe1 bs fore this public. Its editarvhD n an
isely distinct from thai Of ths Now YORK Trs6uns.
This idea was = very novel xnd economical one,
largu circulation Of = Metropolitan daily II =
comparatively .snaa expense. brlabaHo wrota
arytral buoks Oh the soclaltstlc 4ueat(DA, thr
| principal one being. sfae, Sac!al Dastluy ot
ialIrerti,, tie cause of startiu: !. l'ruak FarM'
| in Afassachusetts--aH a4sortatlse experiment
which fortns ths object OF Hawthorne's Blith'
dale Hona1ee." Mr. Grealess not only wrote
was ii ous time Treasurer Of y Fourier Assncia
tlon, and, IN tbs height o1 ,ur ex'dteuaent,
plstgsa bis property to thn success OF The
THE EXPERIMENTS.
Al has been ktatsd, soon after Mr 0wen'a A.
rival In this cs,nutry, CoMU1Bist t!r societies basU
On TIM principles he enunciated bagna tot
ioFmel. They wgsa lorateA 10 The 1ilsr1n
=; ren!ay|yAnia7 l; Tsnuesser, l..
Tho FouEief groups, started In 1913, were To-
Gated Is follows: In Ohio, 8; In New York. y; II
penasylvania, y; tn Massachusetts, =; tA Illinois
ain, y; Ia indiana. /; tu Iowa, /. Tia aoutherr
states were represented BY oniy ous Association
and that was little mora than u, sleauluns yuas,
attempt Of FEsnsls Wright (the cvlebsatsl lad
del lestursF Of thoaa daJs} 70 ciyillza tn
negroes. Tha total number or ulemhars OF thes,
fotty.aye Aasoc1atutAs WIZ about g.nO0. Thl
taemters belonging to 4tngls Associations ssr1rt
they were between 100 sn1 e0A Itr amount .
lind tn Ill was 13a 900 a.rcs, or nbeut BtHlJ sure
to each Association. From only ssv4n at th
Associations Xs haye ths rsturns = y ths,amoan
Five otheFa wess reported O. halnx "dsep1y /,
deht, -" very much tn debt, etc. The duIsilol
OF fourteen atx,stles u not reported; twriv