davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-05-03
RUSSIA DECLARES WAR.



ST. PETERSBURG, April 24-The follow
ing fsthe text of the Cars manifesto.
our faithful and beloved Subjects know the
strong interest we have constantly felt in the
drstinies OF the oppressed christian popula-
zion of Turkey. Our desire 10 anenorate ana
I assua4e their lot has been shared by the whole
Russian nation which now shows itself ready
to bear fresh sacrifices to alleviate the posi-
ton of the Christians in the Balkan peninsula.
The blood and property OF our faithful sud-
-frcts- have always been dear to US, and our
whole reign attests our constant solcitude to
preserve to Russia the benefit OF peace Ihis
soiicitude never failed 70 actuate us during
tbe denlorable stsvents which occurred lin
Herzegovina, Bosnia and Bulgaria. Our OBJ
ieeEr before all Mas TO elect alneholastlohS IN
the position OF CHRISTIANS IN the h.ast-oss-
means of pacific negotiations, and in CONCERT
with the great European Powers, our aliies
and friends. Fortwo years We make mace IN,
'cessant efforts 10 induce the foiIe 20 eHect
such reforms as would protect ShI1stlans IN
Bosnia, herzegovina and Bulgaria from
the arbitrary measure OF local autnori.
ties. The accomplishment OF these reforms
was absolutely stipulated by anterior engage
inents contracted by the Porte toward the
whole of Europe. Our efforts, supported by
diplomatic representations made IN common
with other Governments, have not, however,
attained their object. The Porte has remain
ed mistaken in its formal refusal OF any effect
i've guarantee for the security OF ITS Ohr1stlan
subjects and has rejected the conclusions of
the Constantinople Conference. Wishing to
ESSAY every possible means OF cOnclllatlon III
order to persuade the Porte, we proposed to
the other Cabinets to draw up a special pro
tocol, comprising the most essential condi-
tons of the Constantinople Conference, and
to invite the Turkish Government to adhere
to this international act, which states the eX-
IRENE limits of our peaceful demands But
| our expectation was not fulfilled. The Porte
did not defer TO this unanimous wish OF Chris
| tian Europe, and did not adhere to the con-
illusions OF the protocol. Having exhausted
pacific efforts. 1--WE are compelled by the
I naughty obstinaey of the Porte TO proceed to
more decisive acts feeling that our equity and
our own dignity enjoin it. By her refusal
| Turkey places US under the necessity OF hav
ing recourse to arms. Profoundly convinced
of the justice ofour cause, and h1mbly com
uniting ourselves to the grace and help of the
. Most High, we make known to our faithful
subjects that the moment foreseen when we
pronounced the words, to which al Russia
responded with complete unanilnity, has now
arrived. We expressed the intention to act
independently when. we deemed it necessary,
and when Russia's honor should demand it.
In now invoking the blessing of God upon our
valiant armies, We give them the order TO
cross the Turkish frontier. a"- t1'i
GSignedl ALEXANDER.
Given mt Kischeneff this l2th day of April (old
style) in the year of grace 1877, and in the
twenty third year of our reign.
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-05-03

NEW OH EAss "a dos4
liFLOUR-Choice Family, Sl0500 1l.oo.
!, CORN-White, 6595Oc,
OArs--St. louis. 476A3crM q So -.-r 4. Al
HAY-Prirne, Sl400di500
PoRK-New Mess, $l7.OOGl7.25,
BACOS-6Z59xc.
CorTos-M iddiink, ne. saEs1sa
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-05-03

The report OF the Louisiana Commits
sioners to the President was published
on the Doth. It reviews at some length
the status of the two rival State Govern
ments at the time the Commission en-
tered upon its duties, and says there was
no judicial tribunal acknowledged to be
authoritative by both parties by which the
legality of the conflicting claims could
be decided. 1.-The only hope of prac-
teal solution was by the union of so
many members of the rival Legislatures
* would make a Legislature with con-
stitutional quorum, in both Senate and
House, of members whose title to their
seats are yalid.n In conclusion the re-
port says: SIS FL E.
The Commissioners, holding various
shades Of political belief, can not well con-
cur i'm any sketch Of thepast or probable flu
ture of Louisiana. We have forborne in
this report 10 express any opinion on the
legal questions arising upon the foregoing
statement of facts, because our letter of in
structions seemed to call for a stale
ment of facts rather than an expires
sion of opinionby the Commissioners. We
all, however, indulge in confident hopes of
better days forallraces inI.ouisiana. Among
the reasons for these hopes are the resOlu-
tions of the Nichols Legislature and a letter \
Of GOV. Nichols herewith submitted, and
which have already been given TO the public.
t-rfrf -8 81 frusf
Gov. PACKARD, on the 18th, evacn-
ated the louisiana State-heuSe, which
was taken, possession of by the Police |
authorities. Before abandoning his POI
sition, Gov. Packard issued an address
to the Republicans of the State, inwhieh,
after reviewing at length the events fol- I
lowing the election, he says: WfE
The result Oh their 1.-THE GommissiOners'l !
labOrs during the two weeks they remained I
here is known ofsdl men. They induced a
number Of the members of the legal House
Of Representatives, 70 takcaseets ia he Nich- I
oils House, thus giving il Returning Board I
quorum. PEior 10 the'meetine Of the lag
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-05-03

THE Chicago Inter Ocean of the 2fst
published crop reports from 459 conn
ties in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Iowa,
Michigan, Pennsylvania, Kentucky,
TENNESSEE and Maryland, from which
the following summary is obtained;
Wheat seems to be unusually promis-
ing. In the 459 counties COW
cred, 126 are reported " excel
lent, 304 average, and only 20
poor. Peaches are likely to be at
least a partial failure. In 1S0 counties
they are reported injured or wholly de-
stroyed, in 191 a fair or an average crop
is prophesied, and in only.61 arerthey,
promising. Apples promise very finely,
g. counties reporting fine crop, 500 an
average crop, and but 40 poor or
partial crop Cherries and smaller. fruits
seem to promise about an average crop
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-05-03

THE Cars manifestoto the Russian
army and people, formally declaring
war against Turkey, was promulgated
on the oath, The Emperor declares
that, in view Of the rejection ofthe pro-
tocol and the obstinate refusal of the
Porte to yield to the just demands of
Europe for an effective guarantee
for the security of its Christian sub
jects, the moment has arrived for
Russia to act Independently. The order
is therefore issued for the Russian troops
to cross the Turkish frontier. On the
same day Prince Gertschakoff issued
a circular to the Powers informing them
of the decisive action taken by Rus
STA. He saws. SIN seeking to obtain
by arms what Europe vainly endeav-
ored to secure by peaceful means, Rus
STA believes she fuTfhers the European in
tpreSt > .
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1877-05-03

PROF. RILEY says that the area
threatened by the grasshoppers this sea
son is larger than ever before, beginning
Southeastern Dakota, including the
Southwestern half of Minnesota, the
Western half of Iowa, four counties in
Northwest and twelve in Southwest
Missouri, Benton County in Arkansas,
Texas from that point to the mouth of
the Sabine River, thence along the Gulf
to Austin, and moreor less all the coun-
try west of these points TO the noun
tains. 80 81 - -.7-a
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15
WILD BEASTS AND THEIR PREY.

To be devoured by a wild beast, is to
each of US an odious thought but it
does not follow that to be killed by a
tiger or by a lion, is peculiarly painful.
On this topic DR.. Livingstone has given
Us his own valuable experience. A lion
Ieaped on him, seized him by the shoulder,
and tossed him in the air as a dog losses
a rat. The tossing caused a delicious
deIirium, which precluded any sense Of
pain; had he then died, it would have
been merciful death, but we should
not have known that it was so. How
ever, his companions shot the lion, who
thereuPon dropped his intended victim,
and took to flight DR.. Livingztone's
life was saved, and he endured much
pain in the healing Of his wounds,
though he had none while in the lions
Jaws. The skill with which all rapacious
animals kill their quarry, has often been
noted. Evidently this is ne accident
it prevades nature. The tossing of a rat,
or OF a man, in the air, might have seem
ed sportive caprice in the victorious
beast, whom we cannot suppose to do it
from any design; but when we learn that
it causes the captive to swoon, and
benumbs pain, we seem to read a divine
mercy beneath the animal instinct.
! Young lions are said to bungle in their
first attempt to seize large game, and to
need instruction from their parents ;
but to Judge by young hounds, there
would be no bungling, if they did not
assail game disproportioned to them.
With great accuracy a young dog bites
asunder the fatal artery of rabbit or
leveret; and it is not without reason
that we ascribe to all the carnivora an
effective skill in killing, which man with
much training rarely equals.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15

talks they'd have while we stroIled
away a bit an then they'd 60 of
together while we'd lunch a bit. The
very last time we were feastin' in the
groves Musters' man said, 50 many
bottles are atrewn around, an these be
nice ones, j: one for you an one for
me an we put EN- in our great coats;
an there they are you can haze EN-
both if you want them. All, little did
the poor young thing know what was
comm. The day she was of age she
married M. 3Ius:ers, an a month after
that she paid a hundred thousand
pounds to the mOney-Ieaders, that were
only waitin' all the time for his promise
to pay them when he married the heir
ess. And oh, she was the most unhap-
py woman alive, when he openly treated
her bad-like an all he wished of her
was money! money. Never will [ for
get the day his Iordshlp's funeral was
coming to the inn at Nottingham. Ny
poor mistress came into the town and up
to the very door, before she knowed
whose funeral it was. She was Q
stricken with trouble and illness that
the folk thought even then she were
some'at daft. An two years more was a
she could manage. She died from the
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15
TIE CHEBOKEE ALPHABET.

The Cherokee Indians have an alpha
bet Of their own, the invention Of one Of
their tribe named SequOyah, who, him
self unable to read any language, appre-
ciated the value of the white mans way
of transmitting intelligence by writing,
and secluding himself in his hut, evolved
from his inner consciousness the alphabet
which is now used for printing the Cher
okee language. This slphabet is pho
netic. Sequoyah discovered that the
entire Cherokee language consisted OF
diFerent combinations Of eighty-six syl'
tables, and 80 he constructed his alphabet
of eighty-six characters, each represent
ing one Of the eighty-six sounds Of the
language. These characters or letters
any lad of ordinary intelligence can learn
to distinguish and pronounce in q week,
and when the alphabet is learned the
pupil can read anything in the Cherokee
language. The ease with which the art
! of reading in their native language may
be acquired has led the principal men Of
the Cherokee nation to encourage its
study in various ways, believing that
many of their tribe could be induced to
learn to read in Cherokee who would
never attempt the accomplishment Of 50
difficult task as learning to read in
| English. 1t is to encourage the Chero-
| kee in the study of their written ian
guage and in the pursuit OF knowledge
generally that the Cherokee Advocate, q
weekly newspaper, is printed partly in
the Cherokee language, st the cost Of the
whole Cherokee nation.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15

central Asia; Sweden, 1921, POI Nor
way, I,802,682, an increase of 1900
over 1875; Denmark, ,O03, 900; France,
36, 108, 921, a slight decrease Great
Britain, 80, 450, 900, an increase over last
year Of 81, 900; Spain, $751;, 647 Por,
tugaI, 4,238, 871, an increase Of 10000
since 1871; ItaIy,27, 1872, ia; Roumania,
5,O83,O70; Servia, /, 49, O4; European
Turkey, 100000. The population of
the whole Turkish empire in Europe,
Asia and Africa is set down at $780,
900, of which Asia claims IL, 900 900 and
Africa 20,600, 900. The population Of
China is given at 405, 1000, 900, but it
must beestimated, as no authentic census,
in the western idea of the work, is ever
taken. Berlin's population is placed a:
1,O45, 900; that of Canton, Seangton,
Sanchowfu and Singanfu at 900, 900 :;
London at 4,489,427; New York, with
Brooklyn, at ,851, 1872 Vienna,at ,00l.-
600
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15
roo THICK SEEDING.

Baron Liebig says that two plants
prove prejudicial to each other if they
ind in the soil, or in the atmosphere sur
rounding them, less of the means Of nur-
ishment than they require for their per-
feet development. There is no plant
more injurious to wheat than wheat it
SELF; none more hurtful TO the potato
than another potato. Hence we find
that the cultivated plants on the border
of a field are much more luxuriant, not
only in strength, but in the number and
richness of their seeds or tubes, than
plants glowing Fin middle of the same
held. From these facts it follows that
we should feed our crops better by better
tiIlage or reduce the number to be sup
ported on each square yard OF earth.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15
THE CHALLENGE.


What fight for worthless vain coquette, for
heartless iilt-nOt
Nv metrIe, sir, was at Worcester proved; dread
not the sneCring lie
M a gpitetul tongue, the eeTs Of those who may
give me a towards name;
I'll make him eat his words who dares TO fling in my
teeth the same!
For, my sword is now, as ever was, and trust
will ever be,
As prompt to defend its masters fame in days Of
chfvalTy.
will fght for my king, will draw my sword to
uphold the cause Of right;
For truth for justice for all who are weak, will
fghl with all my might
III.
But because a woman looks awry, and 1t may be
casts a glance
On ether men than her chosen knight, shall putt
rest my lance,
To uphold her folly and aatter her within, and cause
a brave man to die,
lord, not l.
So carry this message back to him who sent you this
Wild g0o5e chase,
That like himself, am of noble blood, and think
it no disgrace
To keep sword in sheath for so weak a cause as
wiful bPautys frown.
What! fight for one who loves neither Of us-wt
two who have fought for crown!
V.
Nay, nay, such fight for woman's whim would b
but the strife of fools.
Each of lis knows the other brave let us wait til
our anger cOOls.
Let US keep swords for stronger cause-th
cause OF the right and good;
Just "whistIe for fair one down the wind" anC
shake hands as two wise men should.
-Lond2n Socic'y.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15
FEH4LE EDTCITION.

The following is an extract from q lee
ture on education recently delivered in
St. Louis by Carl Schurz. All children
should be educated, but more especially
the girls. some people claim that
women should have no education at all,
while Others went to the other extreme
and contended that every girl should re-
ceive such an education as to not only
make her self-supporting in life but to
fit her for any position, political or other
wise, in life that man alone has hereto
fore filed. The speaker thought that all
avocati0ns open to one sex should also
he open to the other, but the idea that a
woman should educate herself to live
alone and independent of the other sex
should be discouraged. She should be
20 educated as to be able to live alone,
but the desire in her to work for herself
and independent of man should not be
cultivated. Any system tending to in
crease the number of old bachelors or old
maids should be cried down. Women
should receive the best attainable educa-
ton. and that should be made to embrace
q thorough kitchen and household edu-
cation for various reasons, known to all.
, Every family should have q home Of
their own and not live in a hotel or
boarding house, where there can be no
: secret privacy, and no feeling Of mutual
dependence among the members Of the
family. The woman's education should
be of q business character. She should
know how to economic, how to adapt
current wants to current means. She
should have taste and judgment, and
that training and temper Of mind and
! heart which imparts to home its cheer,
and gives to the husband place of en-
iovmpnt and relaxation. Woman Is the
center Of luxury and the center also OF
family virtues. She may be either the
good or the evil genius Of society. Her
education in every branch that is con-
ductive to human happiness and the
prosperity of family and society is there
fore Of great Importance. As wife and
mother she should know what kind OF
food is healthtul and what kind is in
furious. She should have like knOwl-
edge in respect to clothing, ventilation,
exercise, etc. The mortality Of children
under Ave years of age in this country
is simply horrible, and all owing to the
ignorance of mothers of the laws Of
health. Hot biscuits and half-baked
pies are productive of dyspepsia, and to
these and like articles of food is atrribu
. table the alarming number of dysPePtlcs
in this country, there being ten where
there is one in England or France OIL
= Germany. The speaker had read
, somewhat exaggerated statement thai
more soldiers were killed during the LAS
. war by doughnuts and pies sent to then
. by their lady friends than by bullets ant
| bomb shells The question, "ha
should mother learn" should not b
, asked. but rather the question, " Wha
should mother not learn"
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1877-02-15
THE PorrLArroN OF THE WORLD

Drs. Benin and Wagner, Germans, who
have acquired considerable reputation
as reliable staticians, place the Popula-
ton of the globe at l,427, $4,000 souls,
assigning Europe 8o9l7S,ooo; Asia,
S55.54S,5O0; Africa, 199,92l, 800; Aus
tralia and Polynesia, 4,S4S,Coo; Ameri-
ca, S5,5I9,SO0. The population OF the
principal European states is thus given
Germany, 4S, 723, 342, winch IS an increase
/ 1913, 1852 since 1872; Austro-Hungary,
S7T0O, 900; Switzerland, 1869, LAT
Netherlands, 3.7O9, 527; Belgium, $685.
524: Russia, 7l,720,0SO; total popula'
tiop of Russia in Europe and Asia, &c.
$50 900, an increase of 900, 900 over 1878
due mainly to additions Of territory O.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-06-27
ANyIETY IN THE CrsToM HOUSE.
Empioyees whose Names are on the black
List Waiting for the Axe 10 FAN.

The 200 employees in the Custom House
Wore worry NJ y -terlay to learn the number
who ar" 10 walk the plank on saturday. Aull-
tor Samuel IL. O.,i u. Chief Clerk William ii.
MrMahon. md Superintendent Richard Grant
White. who were selected To 'an the pay rolls.
presented their report 70 Collector Arthur yes
terlay. They classify the on 'iuls into thrre
grades rst. the good ami eli ."nt OH 'lals
who's" services are lnilsp 'nsahe; 'ond, tn"
alta IS possessing average OH 'a uhI-
lily; tnrl, tnc small fry who haye no
sl"'ial OIL lil r~ori 10 recommend III IN. II
IL from the last fu-S tlat th" removals are to
be- madr and if 1t doe, not supply names
enough o. make ny IL" quota OF 200 officers Ia
he dismissed a rcquis.tlOn Will bc made upon
the -t-On grade.
The selections dcvolve upon tho Collector.
Gen. Arthurnnd surveyor sharp" were together
for several hours gong over the list OF names.
\ report was surrhd IN tho afternoon that or
dcrs had hNen sent from WASHINGTON to with
hold the notices Of removal lnr the present
In the evening surveyor SHARP" siurtri for
Providence in mot Hayes. On his r'iurn b" II
to confer with Mc~sr- John jay. L. lWrcuor Tur-
nurr. and !. H. Robinson oi thr investigating
Commission. lir Wil a~k them to mpil'y thor
report .h.uf M number of Inspectors tp hr re-
durrd. They rnromm nied that slNty-twO
should -. Tho surveyor THINKS that this Is too
llrlrn A mlftr.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-06-27
THE NENT CONGRESS-.
A Democratic Majority Of sixteen. with
seven Members 10 Hear From.

WAsHINGToN, June 2G.-A copy has been
made OF the pay certificates for the Fortv-Afth
Congress. as furnished by Clerk Adams to Ser
geant-at-Arms Thompson. and constituting his
vouchers in account with the United States
Treasury. and given to some Republican pa
pers ls the roll oi the next House made out 10y
Adams The lst stands precisely as it did
when an abstract Of it was published in THE
SUN the fr-t week in April. showing u Demo-
crati" majority Of slNt IN, with seven MEM
bcrs to hear from. No further changes have
boon made. anl mono VIII hc until the time
comes for making up tho roll. What that Will
b. no on" Yet knoNs; Ia the COLORADO risr the
law is all against B'liurl. and Paitrrsln's tito
to the seai turns on the constru ton II an IN
ahlns aot, Tho SUI me Court oi California
has given IA hero, Republican. the scat in the
Fourth District Of that state, and Wisgnton
has nppea' "a. The contest IN the courts over
the Third District in VI .ssouri is in much the
snm" shnp". The record Of FLORIDA. and the
Fourth and Nth Districts Of Louisiana are
covered 10y coma tn- c,ltill at"s froil the rival
Governors. Adams wall probably follow the
example SGT by Hayes in this matter. and recog-
nize Nichols and the Democratic Congressman.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1877-06-27
THREiTENED WIN NIsHlfENT.
The king. County Charity Commissioners "a
he brought TO their Senses.

The Kings County Charity Commissioners
were informed yesterday that unless they took
some action to-day to put an end 20 the de-
moralization Of the asylum at FlAtbush, by the
appointment Of some competent, responsible
head. the Supervisors. in connection with
Ripley Ropes oi the Charities Aid Association,
would take steps to prefer charges against
them TO the Governor with a view to taking
the asylum out OF their control. This led to
much excitement among the Commissioners.
nnd it H. thought that lis effect Will be 10 bring
COmmi- soner Riher who had blocked all the
efforts II Commissioners Began and Storms TO
adjust the difficulty, to u realization of the peril
he puts the hoard in. Then II IL thought the
dead lock Will bee broken to-day. lr. Homer H..
Bartlett is the most promising candl ldatc for the
position, although Dir. Thomas Norris con-
iinuos 10 favor Dr. Macdonald.
Dr. Bartlett yesterday sent word To the Com
miss oncTs that unless ho could have full con
trnl OF the asylum, with power 10 ch0ns" his
own ass istanis, he did not desire the position,
lie felt that under ether circumstances IT would
he an idle sacrifice ior him to accept u place
where he wA1 10 he NJ the mercy of the poll
tcnns. He had plans Tor making IN" asylum
an m titutlon of ms good rerutr us any IN this
Statr lut hr could not do il II hlndcr"d. II was
stated last might thUt there WIS 70 be an effort
made to-day To- rclustatr Or. Bartlett AMI thnt
Commissioners Storms and Began at least would
suuulrt