Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1877-07-12

ihen. TO meet the requirements of faStidi-
Gus fancy. That something is not far to
seek. A white dress of plain muslin, SIM
ply trimmed, is within the reach of every
schoolgirl, and rich in her youth and
beauty, she needs nothing more elaborate
The students of the most conspicuous and
Influential seminaries should set the fash
ion in this particular. r.-Ndrgdret Il. Sang
ster, IN the Christian InteLlGgencer.
Prof. PrOctOr's Theory About Jupiter.
1t was formerly thought, or rather it
was formerly said in the books, that Jupi-
ter is a planet like our earth; but when
to us respecting this giant planet, we find
strong reasons for believing that he is in
quite different state
In the first place, it is now known al
most certainly that every planet, inclHd-
ing our own earth, has in long-past ages
been intensely hot, and has cooled down
after millions of years to its present condi-
ton. Now. large bodies take a much
longer time in cooling than small ones,
and Jupiter is many times larger than ouq,
earth. Therefore, he is not likely to have
cooled to the same degree, unless he was
made MANY millions of years earlier.
which is not probable. There are reasons
for thinking that he is nearer thousands
of millions than tens of millions of wears
behind the earth in cooling; whence it
would follow that he is still very warm
indeed. Probably his real surface is as
hot as red hot iron.
This will explain--aud I know no other
way of explaining-his seeming to be so
much larger than he ought to be by
rights. [ am not now speaking of his
actual bulk or mass. / know no reason
why IA planet should not be ten, or twenty,
or hundred, or a thousand times larger
than our earth. But Jupiter is swollen,
one may say, much beyond the size we
should expect from his mass. 1t is as
though he were made of lighter material
than our earth. But we have every reason
to believe that all the planets are made of
similar materials. Jupiter's mighty mass
attracts every portion of his substance
toward the center, tending to make his
whole frame very compact and dense; yet
his form is not compact or dense, but
much more swollen than that of our earth.
Ii our earth swelled to four times its pres
ent volume, it would, in this respect, be
in the same condition as Jupiter. Only
he Is so much mightier in attractive en-
ergy, that the same heat which would
| thus expand or swell our earth would not
suffice to expand Jupiter to the same de-
gree. 1t so chances that our sun IS ex-
| panded (no doubt by intense heat to about
the same degree. In his case, a tremend-
Gus heat is of course wanted. In the case
of our earth, considerable heat would
| 1--WE kno0) be required. In Jupiter's case,
we may safely infer a very great heat is
| required and exists.
1 nr,1u Of +I,o4 +I,o
solid mass of Jupiter is swollen in this
degree, [ think we may conclude that
| owing to the intense heat of his solid
mass, enormous quantities of gas and va
por are generated, and form very deep
atmosphere all around him, in which float
| great masses of cloud. 1t is this atmos-
phere, laden with immense layers of
cloud, that the astronomer sees and meas
ures, not the real body of the planet,
| which can no more be seen than a peach
stone inside the perfect fruit.
A curious thing happened on June 26,
| 1928, which can easily be explained if the
atmosphere of Jupiter is deep and kept
in constant turmoil through the intense
heat of the planet within, but cannot pos
sibly be explained if Jupiter is supposed
| to be in the same state as our earth. Ad-
| miral Smyth was observing one of Ju-
| piter's moons which was about to cross
| the planets face, travelling toward the
| left. He saw it make its entry on the
| disc, and went to record the time in his
note book. Observe that at this moment
| the planets outline was entirely outside
| that of the satellite, which in fact could
no longer be seen. Returning few min
utes after to the telescope, Smyth saw the
| satellite outside again, or to all seeming
| just as it had been before the entry.
| The same strange thing was seen by
Mr.. Maclear at Blggleswade, with 9. rath-
er smaller telescope, and by DIR. Pearson
at South KilwOrth, with a much larger
| one. Now, moon cannot possibly stop
in its course around its planet; still less,
| if less could be, could a moon retreat and
anon advance. Nor could the whole
| frame of Jupiter shift Out of all ques-
ton, the outline of Jupiter changed, and
| not by little. but by two or three thou
sand miles. There would be nothing be-
yond belief in this if the atmosphere is
! thousands of miles deep, and the utter
most cloud-layers eight or ten thousand
miles above the true surface. Fora cloud
| LAYER might easily be dissolved into the
| Invisible form by the warm breath of some
current of Jovian air. But that the sur
| face of planet like our earth should
| change in level even by ten miles, is ut
terly incredible, far more that there should
! be an alternate swelling and shrinking
through two or three thousand miles.
Such disturbance of the crust would turn
all that part of Jupiter into vapor, so in
| tense would be the heat produced by the
movement.
The spectroscope shows that the deep
atmosphere of Jupiter contains enormous
quantities of the vapor of water. 1t seems
to me not improbable that all the water of
the planet, its future seas and oceans, now
hang suspended in the form Of cloud and
vapor in the planets atmosphere. Jupiter,
in fact, may fairly be regarded as a young
though gigantic planet-not young in
years, but young in Developments baby
| planet, the fullness of whose growth will
not be attain cd for hundreds of millions
Of years, when our earth perhaps will
have been for ages a decrepit or even a
dead world.-Prcf. r. Il. Proctor, in st.
Nicholas FIR July.
Capt. Charles Brown, of Southport,
Me-, was placidly fishing in his dory, the
Z pthor dow UhRp ba fa1+ a hi+o ii,