Connecticut western news., 1877-07-06
All About Titles in Turkey.

All About Titles in Turkey.
 There is much iri a name in Turkey. The Koran says: s'Names come from Heaven, and are the prophets of des- tiny" Mohammed means 'sThe Glori- fied;" Abou-Bekr, his father-in-law and successor, was 'Efather of the Virgin;" Othman, or. Osman, from whom the national designation, Otto breaker of bones.'' .1slam" is the religion of resignation to the will of GodS and the Koran is the Greek Logos The Word, or the Sacred Writing. Medina is ''The City of. the Inspired Prophet" Giurgero,I one of the Bull garian Notifications on the Danube, is an ancient Ottoman fortress, "Root of the Earth, {" intended as eharacteriza- tion of it's strength. The geography of the country is full of it's poetry and religion.r a as -r, # -r +t-T-
 The official titles which we.read every day in the war news, with a Frequency puzzling to those not familiar with the Turkish -ranksAsuch- as "EffeIdi.e "Pasha, {" ''Bey''-are very old, and have a fixed significance, no precise equivalents for which are found in any other country. The highest office in the Ottoman empire-Grand ViZier- was created by Orkhan, the Turk, for his brother Aladdin, and is older, in Turkish history, than that of Sultan. Aladdin, being studious and specula- tive, declined to divide the Kingdom which their father left, preferring that Orkhan, who was intrepid and military, should be the sole governor and owner of the herds. 'Since thou refusest,' said 0rkhan, ''to take what belongs to thee, thou shall be shepherd of my peo- pie, my Vizier.'' The Grand Vizier is, next to the Sultan, head of temporal affairs. and coordinate with him is the Sheik-ul-I slam, chief of the Church. The subordinates of the Grand Vizier are ecalledssviziers. , The title FsPasha" belongs to military and naval officers of the highest rank, and there are three grades. whose respective dignities are indicated by rod tipped with horses tails. fastened to a golden ball or to a crescent. The Pasha of the highest grade is entitled to three tails on his rod; of the next, to two; and the lowest is allowed only one. When Pasha is engaged in war or in travels this rod is placed outside his tent when he rests, and is carried before him when he appears in public; but the custom has largely fallen into disuse except in the remote East. The origin of the term is Persian, and signifies ''foot of the Shaho-that is, the power to en- force his authority, as the civil admin istrators were his 'teyes,'' the tax gathers his s'hands," the judges his tongue" the police and spies his tears. .'rsr ',f The tEBey''is the next rank to the SfPasha,'' and is allowed to Pasha's sons, and to captains in the army on reaching the colonelcy. The "aga" is composed of civil and military officers around the court in close rela- tion to the Sultan's person, and the word is usually placed after the name of his Majesty s attendants. @'sEffendi" is of the same Greek root as our. word authority" and was originally ap- piled to men learned in the law. It corresponds both to the English word ''sir" and the French 'smonsieur,'' but carries a princely significance not always clearly defined, and, like our term ''honOrable,' ,' is attached to cer- tain positions. The Sultan's physician, for instance, is Hakim Effendi; the minister of foreign affairs, Refs Effendi; and the first priest of the harem, Imam Effendi.
 In the Church the immediate subor-- dinates of the Sheik-ul-Islam are the high priests, sfsMufti,'' who interpret the Koran, and are the final and abso- lute authority of the Empire upon all questions, civil and religious. The Multi, with.th highest Effendis, con- stitute what corresponds to our.Senate- the Ulema-who confirm appointments by the Sultan. The Sultan cannot de- clare war, conclude peace, make treaties, or transact any bushes of moment without consulting the Ulema, who hold over him the power of legal izing his assassination. A decree by the Ulema is called s'fetna. ; A procla- nation by the Sultan is a ssfirman.'
 The dervish, about which so much is written in Eastern story, is vagabond monk who supports himself by giving the people religious instruction in ex- change for aims. They are the chief agents in maintaining and handing down the traditions, fables, and super stitions of the race. Their name signi- fies ''threshold of the door," because originally they lived in confinement, contemplating only the future life. The fakir Gone who makes VOW of vol untary poverty carries on the same trade as the dervish. Mohammed was opposed to these classes and to monasti- cism in every form, but after his death fakirs and dervishes became as common among Mussulman tribes as beggars in in Syria. There are twirling dervishes, who having brought on vertigo by rapid circular movement, are then ''in- spired;" bowling dervishes, who cry themselves into frenzy; hasheesh-eat- ing dervishes, who seek inspiration in drunkenness; moka dervishes, poet dervishes, literary, philosophical, and pedagogical dervishes-probably every Turk who cannot obtain a living any other way way becomes dervish. An Ottoman Rabelais has made them the object of satire and ridicule and rendered them detestable in the eyes of the intelligent and honest. He declares the frock, the chaplet, and the staff were lures to obtain money on false pretenees. 4.. -.... ..- .---.
 The chief aged lady of the harem is "Haznadar-Kadyn," the seven beauties of the harem are Kadyn, and the rest are the "Odalik. '- These have no in- tereourse with the outer world except through the Haznadar-Kadyn, who is subordinate to the captain of the guard of eunuchs - ''Kyzlar-Agassi." whose importance is so high that he ranks on public occasions next to the Grand Vizier.
 The Medicine of Sunshine.