The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-05-07

III
hurried in that direction and seem TO havo suffered
considerably from sickness contracted In the unhealthy
marsh land upon which they were thrown without
proper stores OF food medicine. Wiser and calmer
feeling seems now TO prevail, and tho bulk OF the
Turkish forces appear 10 DO massng toward S'is'ra
and Rustcnuk and this is the direction In which tho
Russians by their movements appear TO Indicate de-
sire TO pass the But tho Turks seem ssll con-
tent to remain passivoly the defensive, and make
no ondcavor at any corntorstrokc or forward move
mcnt which might ala ihem 10 form an accurate judg-
ncnt as to the point which tho Russian attack may
DO made, or by what forces they may be nssailcd-
THE CAMPAIGN ~ ASIA.
In Asia the movements oil tho week havo been OF
some i'm portancc Tho Russian forces at the opening
OF tho campaign moved from tho irouer in three col
umus-that on tho lett from Erivan, on the centre
from Acxandropo and on tho right along the coast OF
tho B,ack Sea toward Batoum. The last column wss
rcpuscd in front this fortress has since appar
entity suspended operations. or Is gradually moving
southwark TO aid In concentrated movement
which seems directed against Kars and
Erzeronm. Tho column which marched from
Alcxnndropol moved directly on Kars aud fought
minor action against Turkish battalious from
that place. who after the engagement retired within
tho fortress. It scoms evident that Mukhtar Pacha
has Loft Knrs TO DO defended by garrison and has
Withdrawn his fold army 10 Erzcroum, and was even
harassed In his march by tho cavalry OF General Melt
kon. which has pushed Its "Reminiscences beyond
Kars tho direction Of Erzerouu and cut Geographic
commune atons between tho two places. The
cause OF tho movement for concentrating mado
by the Turkish commander toward Erzeroum
may be partly accounted for by the action
OF the Russian column which moved from Ervan
around tho spurs OF Mount Ararat This column on
nat. sk.uri 90
itself on the road which loads directly to Erzcroum at
distance OF about 200 miles from the latter place.
rapid advance OF tho Russian column from Bajazld
would havo turned the army lying near Kars; and II
was necessary, before tho Russians could forward
on Erzcroum, that the Turks should fall back toward
that place Kars lon to 30 bockaded or bcsicged.
THE OCCUPATION BAYAzrD.
Tho Russian account OF the occupation OF Bajazd
saws tho Turkish garrison retired southwest leaving
considerable quantity OF ammunition and provisions be-
hind Both in 1928 and 1854 Bajazid which is the FROM
tier town toward Persia the great road from
Tabriz TO Erzoroum and Trobizond played conspicu-
Gus part and Turks laid great the protec-
ton Of this point. which sidc controls the
shortest road from the Ararat country TO Erzcroum
and on the ohcr leads TO tho Van and Upper Euphracs
country. In 1854 the first and only engagements
with tho Turkish troops In the open country
wcrc fought that direction, and IL was only after
defeating tho Turkish forcos under Selim Pacha on
the Goth July, 1854 that the Russians could
possession of this point. According TO Russian
bulletin thorc only 100 Turkish troops ABOUT
Bajazid, and these without even firing shoi-for
nothing is said oil an Observation-Disclosures 10 the
slopes OF the Aadagh high mountain near tho sources
OF tho Euphrates and this fact would show tina. unlike
former occasions when great Importance was attached
by tho Turkish commander to The defence OF Bajazid
and tho watershed between tho Euphrates and tho
Arras, or Phasis, flowing into tho Caspian this point
has not boon taken into tho range OF defensive
operations, else by piece OF objectionable ncgi-
gence on the part Of the Turkish commanders Ana
tolia an important defensive position has been sur
rendered In the absence proof to the contrary tho
Turks may DO credited with having abandoned Bajazid
from stratcgca considerations rather than from neg
ligcncc.
THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE.
Thesc movements show that the Russian forces arc
advancing in a scmLcirce toward Erzcroum while tho
Turkish forces concentrated In triangle oil Erzc-
voum, Oiti and Knrs The Turkish position Is so far
good one whilc tho Russian advance Is too extended
TO DO justified except by the number OF in reserve
and following up the advance. According niorma-
ton received here there arc less than 140 900
conducting md supporting the movements, so that
We may prepared TO hear Of tho FIRST battle hav-
ing been fought south OF Kars, followed by the
advance forcing tho passes between Getshe-
van and Dcmusa TO Midschingcr and Nissan
Kaioh, where the Turks will have TO tako up their
position for tho defence OF Erzeroum for II once tho
crest mountains bordering Erzcroum tho cast
is won by the Russian troops tho is lost The Rus
sian consuis OF Batoum, Kars, Erzeroum and Trcbi.
zond, accompany the headquarters, aud will DO en-.
trusted with civil administration OF tho districts occu.
pied Worry significant for the OF the Rus.
Sian advanco far Is the fact that each CORPS has
kept mp communication with the others through
out This has been accomplished BY tho Cossacka
Tho number OF Turkish troops at and between Ere.
roum Kars and Batoum amount TO o. 900 regulars OF
whom 600 cavalry, and about 1000 ariillcrsss
In addition thcro some 5000 militia and about
5000 kurdish irregular cavalry Kars is we'll armed.
but tho detached forts badly placed cover each
other insuflcicntly, or not at ALL are any OF tho
orrcsscs we'll provisoned with tho exception Of Fro.
rouin whcro there large stock Of rico and Indian
corn. -.
now Tug WAR AFFECTS TRADE
Operations IN war risks formed Important part OF
business marine insurance during the week. but tho
tone has boon calmcr than that Of last week though
rates cannot be said TO have decreased ut ALL Worry
large amounts have been British property
In British bottoms against war risk Only from China
10 tho United Kingdom by ships or steamers warranted
to sail on or before the 3Ist OF August. at
g. per cent or Is Cd. or before the
3lst Of October. IL Is stated that MS much
as 5s per cent has been paid on English
merchandise In an English steamer to Gibraltar and
los per cent to Consnntinopc; but tho prevailing
rates wou DO 2s Cd pcr cont and o. pcr cent
respectively. AS much Clio 10s. per cent has
boon yad against The risk only OF tho blockade OF
prohibition Of export Of gram from Russian Baltic
ports ana much higher against the Same risks
at Russian ports in the Black soa The rate against
war risks only by ship or ships to or from India