davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
MORT
MARTINS MORT
CAGES.
A STORY OF THE DEPRECIATION OF RIVERSIDE
PARK LOTS.

STORY OF THE DEPRECIATION OF RIVERSIDE
PARK LOTS.
Mr.. William r. Martin, the President OF the Board
OF Park Commits ioners, seems to be having I'M.
happy time with his mortgages on Thursday he made
IN unsuccessful effort before Judge Donohue TO set
aside sale under OF three lots OF ground
Broadway, between Fifty seventh aud Finy-eighth
streets, yesterday lie moved to the default in
the General Term, IN judgment upon two mortgages
upon lots the Riverside Park, between seventy
eighth and Seventy ninth streets Mr.. Martin IL
credited with being one OF tho most ingenious memoirs
OF the New York Bar In the manipulation OF tcchnca
ties for the purposes OF delay and IL Is alleged that in
these and her wherein he Is the defendant his
tactics have been cxercd to this end Il this ailega
ton true II IL plain that his plans have served his
pnrposo admirably. II must be remembered ~ his
favor, however that the mortgages upon which these
Judgments Of foreclosure have becn obtained were Tor
the purchase money OF real estate which ut
the time OF the purchase promised to become
very valuable, but have since shruns snor-
mously IN v luc. In the day when tho Riverside
Park was regarded as a certainty Mr.. Martin
bought the lots In question for large sum. paying
and giving N w. Hover the plaintiff IN these suits,
two mortgages, one tor $25, 900 ana the other for
$50 900, Tor the remainder He never paid any OF the
aud assessments upon the property alter he be-
came the purchaser, and December 1873 he ceased
pay the interest on the mort Cages so that he no~
upon his original purchase about $40 900 besdes
s25 900 900 for taxes and assessments Ths
property has decreased In value 10 such an extent
that II is now worth little more than tho accrued
taxes and assessments upon II. with such depreca'
ton foreclosure certain TO follow, and as sure
TO be resisted. Theses suits begun In January.
1874, and have been kept IN the courts ever since
Judgments were obtained upon the mortgages in May,
1873 and an appeal was had 10 tue General Term. On
Wednesday the paintn took his deaut upon this ap-
peal, ana Mr.. Martin now moves to open the default
This IL considered expedcnt to gain time until
tho resuscaton Of the Riverside Park scheme shall
make the tort nate Investment more valuable, but
this is apparently impossible Of accomplishment, even
by tho President OF the Park Commission.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28


Cumberland duh Mt t2s short rib dull ut as Cd long
clear steady ~ as I'D short clear steady ~ 49, i"ms
Long cut dull at 4ss shoulders duli Sis mess
au w. exra mess dull AZ io7s prime ms dn =. III
Vt ~ ID OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES duh ut $40 Rosin-Com-
mon du ut Os Cd fine dull At los Cd cheesc-Amarcan
choice steady At It's Lard oNone in the market Flour
~; state dull at 2es wheatNo spring dull ~
ios Sd Nc spring dull ut lbs 3D. winter southern dui
NJ Is ID winter Western dull ut los. sd Corn Mixed
so dn at 26s I'd tor old prime steady AZ 2Ss d.
Tor
MINcING LANE MARKETS.
LONDON. Jan. ~ 1877.
Business In Mincing lane has been dull which cannot
readily be explained and generally close under
last Fridays prices. Some holders Of low have ac-
ceptcd further decline making fall OF u.s. per cw the
rates paid two months ago This led to more nquy cans
inT recovery of shilling Other kinds nj the public
sales gave way Is TO Is per The Glasgow
sugar market closes with and fair business
doing. Coffee Is unsettled and prices lower New crop
Cey,n Is down Is TO IS cw compared with tic open
ing rates last month Foreign shows the depreciation
~ which cargo of Rio sold tor the American market
New bnrmah rice rather dearer, but atterward
sou NJ barely last weeks rates spice Is quiet In salt
Petre sales 10 arrive made ut last weeks prices
Out parcels on the spot are below previous value
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
BUSINESS TROUBLES.

Tho creditors OF Enrich Il Steinfed, DEALERS in
taors' trimmings, at No. AZ Lispenard street, held
meeting yesterday at the Office OF Register Dayton,
corner of Broadway and Pearl street, ana accepted
com position of twenty cents on the dollar IL will be
remembered that at the time Of their failure both
par arrested at tho instance OF Dieckerhon
Ranlocr X Co., but were released on bail.
Register Fitch has ordered the discharge In bank
ruplcy of Byron sherman, Of the firm OF Sherman
Brothers dealers In hardware, at No 594 Broadway.
George Nibcl dealer in produce, at No. 3!2 Washing.
ton street. has been adjudicatod voluntary bank.
tupt by Register Dw ight.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
EUROPEAN MARKETS.
OILS.

OILS.
LONDON, Jan "a. 1877.
Refined petroleum, per gallon spirits pc
11s.d I'D. per gallon. Calcutta Lin seed 5ls.
ANrwkar,. Jan. ~, 1877.
Petroleum, 5l,sf for lnc pale American.
PRODUCE.
LONDON. Jan. ~, 1877.
Common rosiu, 6s. Cd. SUGAR, ,Os per cwt tor No. ~
Dutch standard on the spot ard 3Os. for aivut.
New York Produce Exchange Report
LIVERPOOL Jan II, 1877.
Pork-Eastern drmcr ~ sos Western dull at UoA Eacon
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28

% W VIA ~ IiC We ..ss
1000 Va is, c. I'd g..
500 Brooklyn It's. wi
$40 Dis Coils. 65's. sin
1900 n y ; rs, bl. r..
:juuO Tenn b's. old -.
loo Chi. X l x T. rs
1910 \ j Cen LIST. c..
1000 NJ Cen cow. -.
1900 NJ &Srlst.7 $40
HOO NN Sr q > to-.
$40 NJ Il $ + LIST, LC
2 % Z X NV gb.
1000 do. ........ :.
1900 CO, & K | LIST. :.
5000 d, l. y w cow.
6WN II X ST 10 SIS. c
1000 Micn South So
loo n i'uc ~. lst..
6OOO Tn Pac rs. I r..
1000 Pac o! Mo LIST. :.
l WC. q al Z list.
500 T&W LIST, StL d.
1000 Tol. + x W ID.
1000 do. .. :. BIC
5000 FOL a w g BIDS.
81 - L i LIST. :, j br..
1000 l. a w b con.
o shs Fourth Nat Bk.
81 Hanover Bank....
AZ Manhattan Blk. 90.
II Six of \ Y. .'....
l5fark Bank ...bc
200 Con Coal ..bc. $50
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
STOPPAGE OF TANNERIES.

MIDpLxrowS, N. Y, Jan 81, 1877.
Albert Thompson OF Boston, tho head OF the Ellen.
villc Tanning Company, has ordered tho stoppage Of
fur annertes nj Elenvile consequence the with.
drawal OF railroad facilities by tho New York Midland
Railroad Company.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
ASSIGNMENT BY A MERCHANT.

MiDDLErowS. n. Y, Jan. 81. 1877.
William W. Cox, leading merchant OF Deckertown,
Sussex county, n. j., has madc M assignment TO
James II. Dunning. HIS liabilities are $50, COO and
aasets k25. 600
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
YORK SUNDAY % l877-QUADRUPLE sEE

grass mats, 2ac. 24c.; Singapore 49, gle. /;
Ceylon. loc ale; Aaracaibo. Zoe aOsc. Lagusyra.
l9c 2Uisc. Jamaica. 1sc &c., st. Domingo, lie
l71sc; Porto Rico, isc. 20,zc Costa RIGA. lS5sc.
2lc; Mexican, lesc. zoe. Manila l0c. 2Oc Angos-
tura 20c ale; Savaniila l9c 20sc. Curacao. 1876.
q
CorroS the dull and heavy but quosaby
lower Futures opened weak ard J. &c. lower aud with
free .elerr prices declined lie further aud the market
closed weak with ths prices showing decline TOR the dav
Of SO I6c Liverpool easier Ltd lower for
arrivals but
to-day compare with Fridays AS follows
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28
HAVANA MARKET.

HAVANA, Jan. 30. 1877.
Sugar-Market active; No. ~ Dutch standard. II ia
reals per arrobe spanish gold 10 Exchange steady.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28

A GOOD BUSINESS MAN WANTED. WITH SOME
.capta 10 make $40 O)j in next three months In this
state correspoLdence socited outside OF city Call
dress r. y. COkNlsii. 2Ov broadway, rovm II.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-01-28

t343. 933 %, ana rom customs, sl95, $50 o. The
Treasury now holds $3.50 os2, 200 in United States
bonds to bank circulation and Sl9,0S7 900 TO
public deposits United States bonds deposited
for circulation for the week ending to day, 200
United States bonds held for circulation. Withdrawn
Tor the week ending to-day, $l,0ss. 200. National
bank circulation outstanding: -Currency notes.
$500 057, 009; gold notes, s20s7 800 The Assistant
Treasurer paid to-day $s7 900 gold account oil
interest, 100000 redemption of nve-twenty bonds
and 50, 900 in silver coin.
BANK STATEMENT
Tho bank statement shows gain IN the total reserve
OF ST. 1884, 5O0the difference between an increase OF
81 400 in the legal tender average and de-
OF $751; 900 specie average The rise in
the deposit average is 49, 500 The surplus reserve
is $24 49, 800, $513. 500 than last week.
The following Is comparison OF the averages Of tho
New YORK banks for the past two weeks:-
Jan. 90. Jan. 81. Differences
Loans $252, All 900 $253 100 Inc $744,2o0
Specie. 4o'95a.Soo ols7, 200 Doc 7s5'soo
Deposits 342 500 $50, 625. 800 Inc. 1882, 500
Circulation. 49, sl, 900 $4,000 Inc. 1900
The following shows the relations between the total
Specie. 49,. $40 9749oO sac $4,000 Doc. $7s7eo0
Leg. tendrs. 40 lbs, 500 AZ, PSI 200 Inc. l22400
Total resvs. $sl, loa7oo 200 Inc ST. 500
Reserve
qutred
against de-
posts. se,sss7Oo 67,e5o.4oo
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

The ingenious doctrine propounded by DIR.
Darwin, the tireless investigator of nature
and her Laws, il as applicable in determining
the fate Of medicines a. in that of the animal
species. Every year new remedies are
brought before the public, and are soon com
pletely discarded - their sale rapidly de-
creascs. Only those medicines which are best
suited to the peoples wants survive the first
test. Ifthey ''are tried and found wanting"
in the merits which they are claimed to pos.
sess, no amount of advertising will make them
popular. OF al the remedies ever introduced
70 The public. none are so popular as DR..
Piercs's Family Medicines. Their sale. has
stsadily increased each year, and Wholesale
druggists assert that the present demand Tor
them il greater than ever before. If you
would petrouize medicines scientifically pre-
pared use DIR. Pierce's Family Medicines.
Golden Medical Discovery is alternative, or
blood cleansing, and An excellent cough
remedy: Peasant Purgative Pellets, scarcely
larger than mustard seeds, constitute an
agreeable and reliable physic; Favorite Pre-
scription, q remedy for debilitated females !;
Extract of Smart Weed, a magical remedy for
pain, bowel complaints, and an unequaled
iiuiment Dor both human and horse flesh ;
while his DIR Sage's Catarrh Remedy is known
the world over as the greatest specific for
Catarrh and "Cold in the Head" ever given
10 the public. They are sold by druggists.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
ODER-SENSITITENESS.

A great deal Of discomfort arises from
Over-sensitiveness about what peO-
pie may say of you or your actions.
This requires to be blunted. Consider
whether anything you do will have much
come ction with what they will say.
And, besides, it may be doubted whether
they will say anything at all about
you. Many unhappy persons seem to
imagine that they are always in an am
phitheater with the assembled world as
spectators; whereas all the while they
are playing to empty seats. They fancy,
too, they form the particular theme of
every passer-by. If, however, they must
listen to imaginary conversation about
themselves, they might, at any rate, defy
the proverb, and insist upon hearing
themselves well spoken of.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
The inventors O. Burnett's Cocaine

THE inventors o. Burnett's Cocaine
knowing tina, when the loss of hair occurs, II
is generally from that part of the head where
the greatest heat j. necessarily generated and
that animal fats by their nature induce heat
rather than alleviate it-turned their atten
ton and pharmaceutical science toward
vegetable oils, as the basis Off medIcament TO
promote the growth and preserve the beauty
of the hair. The 0ifHm cocuS, or COCOiNUr
OIL, presented itse most strongly, as pos.
s.ssing many qualities peculiarly adapted Tor
the purpose: but its Odor was objectionable.
and lis density except hen exposed TO heat
seemed for q long time To DEFY all Efforts 70
render il available, for popular use, in cooler
climates. BY scientific selection Of other
ingredients, those which will chemically
combine with the oil have been discovered.
end they together have produced com.
pound, which is unqualifedlv pronounced to
he the best that has yet apps AIRED
In the form presented, this oil is per,na-
nenly deodorized, and held in con bina.ion
which peculiarly aiapts il for the toiIe': DI-R-
NETS COCAINE is unrIvalei in delicacv
and agrecableness-cOoiDg in It's nature
and possesses such penetrating affinity for
the secretion Of the skin, that il j. rapidly ab-
sorbed.
Itgreatest efficacy j, best secured by per
feet cleansing, before its application, of the
hair and scalp, under which circumstances
this oil GUays irraation, rsm0ros all tendency
to ddndruf, and mriqoratGs the action of the
capillaries in the highest degree. Its effect
upon the glossiness and richness Of the hair is
such IS cannot be surpassed; and il is offered
to the public in the firm belief that it only re-
guires To be known to supersede all other
preparations. We are confident that no one
who will make trial of its efficacy will be
willing to return to the use of any other pre-.
paration.
JOSEPH BURNETT & Co.. Boston. manufac-
turers, and proprietors.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
Nerves Tint Ouiver

Heads that ache, stomachs that inflict dys
peptic torments, muscles and joints racked
with the rheumatism, are infallblv restored
To health by the celebrated elixir, Hostetter'.
Stomach Bitters. a medicine prescribed by
PHYSICIANS; possessing infinite purity, and
which no one takes in vain who i, afflicted
with any of the numerous c)mplaints tC
which il is adapted. Ii frequently happen.
that so-called remedies fan To produce q
permanent effect. This is because they are
merely palliat;yes, and therefore do not re
move the cause Of the malades, whose symp
toms they after time cease to ameIliorate.
This is notably the case with opiates and
sedative drugs. Ii is not so, however, with
Hostetter's Btters, which are a searching
specific that conquers the disease as well as
banishes its indicid
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
THE COSSdCKS.

The COssacks are divided into several
oorps-the Cossacks of the Don, the Cos
sacks of the Ukraine, the COssacks of the
eau casus, etc. Each of these divisions
has chief, who is called an ataman,
and holds the rank of general, and all the
COssacks of tue empire are united under
a single chief, who has the title of the
/ ataman general" The latter title al
ways devOlves upon the hereditary Grand
Duke. The COssack clothes and equips
himself and his uniform and his horse be-
long to himself He wears large, round,
low cap made Of skin from Astrakan,
wide pantalOOns stuffed into his boots
and reaching just below his knees, the
whole covered by kind of overcoa; but
tOning on the back and having three
long flaps reaching to the feet and fastened
ON the full length. On his breast to the
left and right in vertical cases he carries
six cartridges at each side In his belt he
carries a poniard A baldrick hangs
from his right shoulder and passes to
the left side. where it supports long
saber in leather scabbard. On his back,
hanging from bandoleer and wrapped
in h case made of goats skin, he carries
his rife. The Cessack always carries in
his hand whip, with short lash. which
he calls kinjal. His horse is small and
rather ugly, and though he is made of
good stuff his form is somewhat angular.
TO form an idea of the Cossack saddle,
imagine an ordinary saddle upon which
would he fastened by strap square
leather cushion about four inches high.
This is the reason that at first sight one
is 50 much surprised to see this curious
looking cavalier perched up so high on
his saddle. He sticks on his horses back
by sticking his krees into the animals
sides with all bis strength, which gives
the legs the appearance Of pair of pin
GERS. The stirrup is an equally curious
thing. The b)ttom is round and thick
enough, but from that up it sembles
very much one of those tin boxes in
which preserves are sold. 1t has been
already said that the Cossack's horse is
his personal property, and it may be
added that he turns it to business &C
count by hiring it cut. Since the arrival
of the troops at Kischeneff they have
been the delight Of the collegians, who,
for a rouble an hour, have been enabled
to make promenades on horseback in
bands on these valiant little animals. -
KischeneT Cor. of the Aer York Htrali.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

WH.HOFT's Tonic il not Panacea-is
not cure for everything, but is caiholicon
for malarious diseases, and day by day adds
fresh laurels to its crown of glorious success.
Engorged Livers and Spleens, along the shady
banks OF our lakes and river, are restored to
their healthS and normal fecretons. Health
and vigor follow its use, and Chils have taken
their departure from every household where
Wilhofts Anti.Periodic is kept and taken
Don't fail to try it. &. X. FINLAY X Co..
ProprietOrs, New Orleans.
For SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

IOU SHALL HAVE Ir.-If your grocer
or storekeeper does not keep, and will not
get, DOOLEY's YEAST POWDER for you, send
zoe. for quarter pound, Sic. for half pound, or
6Oc. for one pound can, direct to DOOLEY &
BROTHER. New York, and you will receive
it, postpaid, by return mail. 1t is absolutely
pure, and every can full weight.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

DgRANG's RHEUMATIC REMEDY mas been
before the public three years, and has never
failed in single case of rheumatism, no
matter how aggravated the case. Write to
any person in Washington city, where it is
manufactured, and you will learn that this is
true in every respect. 1t is taken internally.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

IsELL more of Hatch L Universal Cough
Syrup than of all other similar preparations.
| have sold it for about six years, and my
customers would certainly not continue to
buy it if it were not a valuable remedy
&C. HIGGINS, Friendship, ALL Co.,N.Y.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
AFTER an experience OF over twenty

AFTER an experience OF over twenty
Eve years, many leading physicians acknowl.
edge that the Graeten5eIy Mdrshaa's Uterine
Cathoteion is the only known certain remedy
for diseases to which women are subject. The
Gruefenbery Vegetable Pils, the most popular
remedy of the day for biliousness, headache,
liver complaint and diseases of digestion. Sold
by all druggists. Send for almanacs. Graefen-
berg Co., New York.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
TO CORRESPONDENTS.

All Communications for this paper should he ac-
cOmpanied by the bame Of the author not necessary
for publication. but evidence Of good faith the
part of the writer Manuscripts sho1Id lie written
only side of the PAPER. Be rticularly care
ful in regard 10 your dates AMI having all sigma
lures plainly written.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

THE increasing popularity Of HOME
STOMACH BITrERS is strong evidence in IA.
yor of its medicinal virtues and those who
are suffering from maiarial effects are ear.
nestly requested to try them. Prepared by
the Home 3itters Co., st. Louis, Mo.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

0o1 no00 75s-octave, fine rosewood case mot used
UU0UvOOover six months, emily $50; cost owner
$40. New Grand Square and Upright
oPIanos at wholesale. Great bargains.
move Nearly new, 4 setfs reeds, " stope sub
O10gSMO bass octave coupler besutiful solo stop.
&C; c st owner 800, only SIS New
stop organs Ga, 9stop s15 Rare opportunities Best
oner evertgfven by any manufacturer. New Beatty in
struments ready. Sent on to Is days test trial
Money refunded and freight paid both wsys il unsat
isfActory. Age0ts wanted. Liberal discounts TO
Teachers, Ministers. &C. Catalogue free. Address
DANIEL r. BEATTY, Washlagto0. n. J.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30
TO RI. PROUD OF.

statistics show that more Of TUTrs Pills are used
in Europe than Of all other inanu.a c,urers COM
bined. A. Americans We rr-ud Of the superb
ori,y e. ouf predictions Thee pills have . world
VI,
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

INFORMATION worth thousands to those
out of health. Self-help for weak and nerv.
Gus sufferers. Facts for those who have been
dosed, drugged and quacked. The new
Health Journal teaches all. Copies free.
Address, Electric Quarterly, Cincinnati, o.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

SIT 4; !;
per week in your u town. lou need
not be away from home night. You give
your whole time to the work only your spai Z
ments. We have agents who making over ESQ
per day At the business All no engage nj can
make money fast. At the prese mt time money cannot
Re sde easily and rapidly At any other business
IL costs nothing to try the business. Terms and .
Outfit free. Address ut once,
II. HALLETT l. CO. Portland. Maine.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

KEER'S Slll RTS-only ualIty-1he Best
IN Keeps Patent Partly made Dress Shirts
Can be finished easy hemming Handkerchief
The very best six for $500.
Keeps custom Shirts-maie TO measure,
The very best. six for $500.
An elegant set Of &c nuine Gold plate Collar and
Sleeve buttons given with each doz Keeps shifts
Keeps shirts delivered FREE receipt of price
In any part of the uuon-no express charges tn
samples with full directions for self measurement
Sent free to any address No stamp rtquired.
Deal directly with the Manufacturer and get Bottom
Prices Keen Manufacturing Go. .l6J Mercer - N Y
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

I'D tod 1Ss ga. lN :
Nails. Keg Of 100 lbs....s2 - 500 s32i 90 n
We viii fnrn-h any Of above articles al prlces
stated. delivered on board stesnib~ here
The money mu-t; IN all cases accompany the order.
send P.o Order. Tanker Draft Registered letter
Reference Nat. Bank, Pitsbrrg Pa Address
HENRY u. VANCE. =. -. Box. B6S. PITTSBURGH.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

Ponds Extract. TIE Household
Hmc{y for Pam, Cuts, Burns, Bruises.
etc. Always reliable. /: never fails.
tive il q trial.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

PLUMs, peaches, corn and potatoes
grow extensively in Florida.
Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890, 1877-06-30

great hsccvery.-a new -oa y compound. IL soofh.s
"ftens ard ~hitenS tb-.sin. has woui.rful healing
snd super or ~sshineIr r-rtr qLd Is eg uay suited
ior he bath nursery and genera toilet 1t is delight
fnlly perfum a. anl sold esers " her. at a moderate
price Registered IN pat emf Office 1870 by the manu-