The New York herald., 1877-07-01

Alc.anfrorol unnisg With the Araxes about twenty
miles east of kaxEman. The ksrs River rscs about
twenty-five miles portbess Of Hassan-KalS. runs
northe.si through snd stoai eshisen miles eey ond
ARA about twelve niles s<lo~ Aleslndroroi The
Iscorokh River rises N tne Dumbsfh. IN The pacba.
nc of Efzeroem. noss nerths.si threegb Babuft sad
Gnsily norrh aleas the western aass Of The Arsra,
rsngs. past trtsfn uut u eaters The BACK Sea n Co
tue Arsrst rsnEe opposite the head OF
TIE ksrs kvsr .ad north sssi through bardees
fsnJsk snd Isasserd 20 ths man river; on ss ahuent
txe placrs named l. The portrait paint Of on.
The nofthero brancn 81 the Euptrates known as tho
ksru-su rises ia the blmhrDsgh northwest oi Erzo-
roam runs ON east 20 ihraurh the plain OF Ova
and then soatb nto the pachac Of Musch. iis course
basnes; throughout most OF tns year there arc good
pastures In us valley.
The south branch Of the Euparsses. the nursd rises
verses the pacbahc Of Dsyszeth from northeast 10
soutnwest The water clear aud good. abounding IN
hsn. especially trout A. nrst only about thisiy ieeI
vide ald from three 10 eve iset Deep o. is soon
iargcd by is numerous anurnts from the mountains,
aud upon ea,erins tho paehsie Of huseh has become
In TIC upper valley sf the Murad arc Toprskh- Kalc
and Dyadsn rhls valley - eessi 20 the east by
spur OF the Ararat On the eastern slope OF this
spur rises the Asku. which cmPies INTO iho
Arsxes In the Valley Of the Aaku Is the fortress
gable within the limits OF the insstre Of var; they are
mountain torrents, subject 60 Great nundauons dur
ing the melting Of tho snows and after heavy rams
rooD REsorRcE&
Tho pachslics OF Akhaltnk, kars, Bsyazeth, Musch,
the Caucasus aud quite a. productive Tho regularity
OF tho seasons IA kars, Erzer0am and Bayazeth IS
equally favorable to shc development of vegetable snd
animal lie by the side OF the olive. vine aud almond
ouna the richest pastures aud most fertile neds
Kars with better cultivation would be the granary Tor
a tho surrounding country but tho pachaic OF Bsya
zeth is under the best cultivation.
by the treaty of Adriauope tho Turkish
boundary was carried forward to us present
position. and the important points OF Akhatzk Aha
kaaki ana Alexandropol formerly Cumril gained by
RUSSIA These places, and Eriyan, have oeen con
nts. ,f
ana tho roads leading through them 10 tho
front aud rear as well as those conneciing
wagons The railroad system OF European RUSSIA has
been extended 10 within eighty miles OF Iins. so that
II now entirely practicable 10 reinforce the armies oi
the Caucasus nj short notice.
THE PrlScirAL ROADS
Tho coast road from Fort 81 Nicholas TO Batoum is
practicaole for wagons; beyond that point 10 ireb
zonde II Is nero patb unless recently improved The
road from AkhalIziK to Ardahan sixty.dve miles,
winds through gently undnaling and wooded
hills until the Ulgar Pass reached, about halt
way TO Ardahan; here thore Is q steep
ascent; hence TO Ardahxn and beyond the dos cent
is easier. trcm Ardshan to Erzsroum, by way OF
Dadaschin, tho Karatschi Pass OH and Norman, is
122 miles. The Karatschli Pass leads over the main
Arara range from the valley ot the kur 10 that OF the
Tchorokh; thorc some steep places IN this pass,
but 1t affords ne bcst communication with Erzcroum
may well to state that the portion OF Tho Ararat range
the Karatschli Pass sometimes receives the
Pass, or rather passes, give thor name 10 tho
corresponding part Of tho Ararat range and
These passes and the mountains near by arc
covered with dense forests OF oak aud pine SO thick
that the remains latc IN the summer They aro
interscctcd by rocky valleys with marshy bottoms.
From AIexandropol TO kars Is about torty-hrce
miles, by way ot Knss from Kars to Kotanli Is
Teen milcs. From the latter point two roads lead
the sasanlugh and reunitc near an old stono
bridge over tho Araxes at Kcrpi Kew, Kopri Koi
This IS a we'll preserved bridge OF seven arches,
a attributed by tradition TO- Darius - hys,aspss
extend IRON the KotanI base to tho castle
OF zcvln, and from seven TO fifteen miles on
afford good positions OF defence al almost every
step The lett hand road called the Modjinghcrle
MussPerun, thence following The banks Of The Khami
torrent It passes by mo villages Of Sarakamish, tho
gorses Of MDuz, tho castle Of Medjngherto and the
village of Khorasan TO Kcrp-Kcv, 6fty .iour milcs
villages OF Kekutsch, Tohiriki, Kiil-Killiss, the
castles OF zcvn und Zashin and the village OF Ardos
From Kerpi-Kcv to Hassan.Kale is ten miles, thence
to Erzeroum twenty seven miles, making from Kars
TO Erzeroum los miles by Mcdjngnerte and I24 miles
by Zeviu From kars to the loot OF the Saganiugh the
country not difficult, and over the mountain passes
the difficulty In former times was loss from the
steepness OF the slopes than from the marshes in
tho valleys aud tho rocks aud trees which
aSiy been somewhat iossonsG Of late years. From
AhsIkaani there ~ mountain road 70 Kars the
Gnsgu Dagn niles & IRON ,o Mdsn1n 70 Mars
Ervan there are two good roads TO kavs-one by
Ketcheranka and Subotsn, eighty miles; tho other by
Kagtizman nlncty-three miles From kagnzman
there is a mountain road by Getschevan to Hsssan-
Kale. From Erivan road by Katch Ghcduk, forty
three miles, and another by ZerGheduk, sixty
two miles, unite ut Bayaze.h; these roads
are good but lack wood and supplies. Through
Bayazolh passes the great road from Tebrlz
to Constantinoplc passng through Djadin and
Toprakn -Kal6, over the ridges of Koscn. Dagh.
anu through Del-Baba TO Hassan-KLc aud Erzeroum,
Toprakh-Kae, through Meltsgherd, Knlss, Mount
Brigo and Kuli to Erzeroum; from knss branch
leads 10 Musch these are good roads, with abundance
From Erzcroum to Trebzonde by Baiburt and
Gumsch-Kan Is about ono hundred and eighty miles.
This road has long been good one to Baiburt, but
beyond was formerly very difficult even Tor pack AMI
mals It Is probably IN q better condition now.
From Erzeroum by Baburt and Kara-Hssar 10 Sivas,
2o6 miles, or by Erzingan, 200 miles. Both these
good wagon roads, and traverse fertile ana we'll
peoped country. The caravan route TO Sivas passes
through AchK Kal6, and Kilkl Tchlfs, but IS inferior
to the othor roads About eighty miles from Svas, at
the village OF AndLas, road turns on TO Tokat,
eighty seven miles, and thence to SamsnD, lis miles;
this road Is SAID to be practicable Tor wagons There
Is also road leading up the valley OF the Tcb0rokh
Baiburt Near Kiskin this road sends on branch TO
OIi, and little higher up tho valley two other
branches to the southengt which near Gertum inter-
sect the direct road rom Ardahan, through OH, 10
Erzeroum, and by another parallel branch communi-
cate directly with Erzeroum.
MILITARY PROBABILITIES.
Tho southern shore OF The Black sea is sxirted by
parallel coast ranges the Interior mado
up OF mountains, valleys aud lofty pateaus but no.
whore west oil Erzeroum arc the difficulties IN The way
Of army SO great cast OF that point and the coun
try furnishes large amounts oil supplies. Unless
fed turkish places OF any consequence In the vicinity
OF the Ararat range are Kars Batoum, Arabian,
Bayazcth, Erzcroum, Tophrskn.Ka Kac, hassan.K .KalG,
Artwin and OitL or these Ardanan aud Bnyazeth
have alicu already; Baoum is probably securely in
vested from tho hand side; Erzeroum is weak and VIII
probably hold out DO longer than the Turkish army is
intcrposcd between IL and the Russians; Kars is
strong but Is not likely to hold out long alter the fall
OF Erzeroum tho others are too insig n 0cant TO
check the progress OF tho Russians moro than, tow
hours.
Tue permanent army OF the Caucasus 10 far from
130 900 men, with l0S guns add TO this the Cossacks
OF The kuban and tho Caucasus ana therc Will be nearly
10000. Of course certain portion OF these troops
are required to watch the dsaiccted natives, but al
lowing for this and considering the iacitts lor
bringing up troops IRON The other parts OF tho empire
BY ra or by tho Caspian, II IS quite evident that II
should be an easy matter for The Russians to col
lect sufficient troops TO render the success OF
thcr operations reasonably ccrain II Is evident That
the first important object Of the Russians in this
quarter Will De 10 gam possession OF the Arara range,
with the adjacent valleys OF tho TchOrokn and the
upper part of the Murad Euphratos, together with
.Erzcroum and tho roads leading thence. Their next
obect would probably DO to gam possession OF Van,
Is ills and Musch. order control the