The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1877-10-26
bination augnents production and economies
consumption.


and prematurely diminished the laboring popu.
lation Qf the older States but In these latter the
slaves became massed together ms the eempeti-
to be more and more felt there. Thus profitable
planting required large capital and small pro-
preo.s were ct dis disa ,, Free labor
pioyer, hence many OF the whites were forced to
emigrate SO extensive was this emigration that
the Gi ssa sh ,pS hat q the white
been born in South Carolina, 2TT 900 only re-
manned at home. while 10000 were permanently
es4,opo and had parted with 272ooo Virginia
retained 1,ooo,oOD and had sent off 100000 Of her
natlye white population. The same, causes
manufactures even. more than agriculture de-
pend upon fixity Of population. Cheapness Of
lying, uniformity and regularity In the supply
must be in existence in every locality before
manufacturing becomes possible there. These
cond!tlons eannqt obtain where population Is
Investment where values auetuate with the
movements OF nomadic labor.
THE MARKS or UNREST
This mobility Of population stimulated the
Territorial expansion Of Southern Institutions,
marks OF unrest that remain to this day. A
afge pa Of an IN aa Was On The
houses, farm buildings audiences the r,ideness
of their tilage. the untidiness Of their fields !;
Seas Se s ad int for
lands, the habit Of suffering Inconvenience and
discomfort, Of adopting tnakeshitts and employ,
more which need not be particularized, eharac-
terize q people in q state of unrest as to the
present and uneertaipty as to the future peo-
live on. who do not know whether or not they
are ut home for life While this condition Of
thirgs existed at the. South the Northern people
rapidly tilled up their older States labor sought
new occupation at home instead of seeking new
tlelds elsewhere. Hence industry became diver
s,ied. and the STRUCTURE l Il society obtained
North partook Of that Of the rest Of the world;
the, development at the South was SUI geheris
anns r. aad soeey at the North were borne
South they were fixed In immovable eonserv-
atism.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
The difference between Northern and South
ern industrial development seems to be analo-
gous to the difference described by naturalists
between structural and functional develop
ment IN animal organisms; Northern or struc-
of structure that is. multiplicity Of functions.
by splfyng eaeh Junction , speeaizing each
ployed adversely to make by, their united pro-
eesses one pin. il Is evident that the pin factory
artisan Is more simple; and his capacities con
aeuuently become more highly specialized On
the other hand Southern or f,inctioua develop
81
lates wholly to. enlargement of capacity, growth
Of power in the direction of comprehensive
ness; On plantation employing Ave hundred
mag strate and political representative. He
supplies the CONSUMPTION and disposes Of the
pr 10 81 the whole In Word
other hani. in a. manufacturing vii age. fur
nishing five hundred hands TO the mill. each of
son Or set Of persons; VII lie The mill will will
be owned by joint stock com
panyy, ", i t. will obtain if commercial
1t needs In the latter case the Industrial strue-
ture is complex; there are many persons EN-.
braced In II, and the function Of each is simple
and special. In the former case the Industrial
structure is simple the master is the only per- |
son concerned, for the slaves are his, and con |
their work and their interests are his |
but his tunctt MS are complex and general |
Now. since the world at large has OPPRESSED by |
structural development. complexity Of strue- |
lure has become the conventional gauge of |
generally accepted as evidence Of social and in
iustrial stagnation. Hence 1t Is that southern |
development has been misunderstood and It's |
vitality has been under estimated. Measured |
BY the conventional standards the Southern |
states appear to have stood still, because their
CAUSES already described conins ID the activities s
Of the Southern people within rigid circle. |
md slavery stamped upon. all their institutions
nate Alright the influence that modern culture |
has had upon the ~outh we must apply TO il |
other than the conventional.
ROMAN AND SOUTHERN SLAVERY
structurally, slavery in South Carolina In
$50 was subs fantially what 1t was in Rome be-
ore the Christian era. In external form, in the
'ivil status of the slave, the legal and conven-
ional rights OF the master, the relation Of mae
er and slave to the State. there was little diff
erence between the ancient and modern insti-
ution whereas, in organic development. In
n social effect the difference was immense. In |
Rome the slave was a luxury of the ricf-the |
personal servant tse1rus), attendant and minis
'sr to the wants comforts aud indulgences Of |
lis master. Even the fa,niiia rusticd, which In |
'lYded the farm hands, produced nothing for |
sale. The produce Of the farm went no further |
1ther hand, the number Of slaves employed in |
personal service was insignificant; the great |
ed the primun mobile Of the whole productive |
system Of the community. 1t is we'll known |
how marvelously the labor thus organized re- |
sponded to, the demands, made upon It by the |
cotton trade of the world; how rapidly It ex-
banded 80 az to embrace the immense territory |
It covered In 1860; wi tn what Intelligence the |
selected and with what celebrity they were oecu-
pied.
NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN TYPES
Prepossessed as most minds are with eonven-
ional types Of progress, II requires some effort
o recognize the Importance of the Southern |
ype.,, The difficulty is increased by the fact |
and enriching to the North than cotton was to |
The South, but If the North had had no immi- |
grafton the advantage in the race would have |
been on the other side and we should then per |
naps have discovered utilities in the principle |
Of functional development which would have
been obscared by The proximity, Of the dazzling
Northern type. The most striking difference |
between the two modes of development, as re-
CARDS their social effect, is that the Northern |
Affects chiefly the greater number. the laborer |
,lass: the Southern affects altogether the mas |
er class While Massachusetts was. subdivid- |
ng the processes of labor and spscial- |
zing the capacities of the laborer. South Caro-.
ina was multiplying the functions of the mas |
or and generalizng his capacities. The North |
,rn problem was how to increase and cheaper |
production by division Of labor; the Southern |
how to attain the same ends by concentration Of |
abor. The Northern method was analytical. |
md its aim perfection of details: the Southern |
was synthetcal. and its aim augmentation Of |
he gross product. The former tended to pro-
luce Intellectual acuteness. to stimulate inven- |
ion, to foster speculation; the latter to develop |
he judgment, to enlarge the powers Of COM |
,ination. and to strengthen the faith. |
The one best prepares the hand to perform |
he other best trains the head to plan and di- |
.ect. and the heart to endure.