The New York herald., 1877-07-01
General McCleIlan's Article in the
North American Review"
'URK AND RUSSIAN.
Relative Military Strength
Of the Belligerents.
Seat Of War in Armenia-Mcuntains,
Roads and Rivers
MILITARY PROBABILITIES.

daily diversity Of interesting pagers that aim At
ravelhng the secrets and solving Tho many problems
connected with and presented by the great conflict.
Une Of these IS the present great in tho
East, the issue OF which hangs the fate
OF monarchy which, since its foundation,
has contributed to European history some of its
most interesting chapters In the North Amerl-
can Rsvi<U for Juy-August Is published tho second
article OF sores on "The War in the East from tho
pen OF General George b. Mcclellan. The name of this
distinguished soldier subscribed any article gives II
an interest which would relieve the most common
pacs subject from tho indifference Of the and
attaches special Importance to one with which the
writer is professionally familiar We therefore give
the following extracts from General McClean's article
On 'srhe War In tho East" all the space that our
crowasd columns will AFFORD. 1t comes to US op-
poriuncy Tor the crisis OF the contest approaching
snd the near future Is big with events.
RUSSIAN AND TrRK IN EUROPE
The General says at the Of his second
srsicisIt has long been evident that the aggressive
orcs Of Instrumentation is spent, aud that in ofrcn
uvs var the Individual bravery and tumuituous at
s&eks Of hs followers longcr make head against
she military science and discipline OF modern Europe"
Ne follows up tins brief but truthful summary OF the
condition 81 turkey o. military Power by referring
o. the gradual growth OF Turkeys great aud inveerate
enemy. Russia ana sketches her steady assumption Of
position a. . European Power Ho says:-
"a s probable iha, prior to Tho war OF 1928 tho
strength OF Russia Was oycrratcd, while there Ger
tahy fu appreciation OF the banciul effects OF her
possible prcpOnderance the family OF nations Suco
Ton appears nave bscn underrale Russias force
and since the Treaty Of Paris. not 10 give sufficient
the whole law OF her being and must eventually alter
her relations with the rest Of the world.
lhe Easslan troops Of to-day diner widely In num-
her and efficiency from those who tho Balkan
wuh Dieeftsch OF assaulted Akballzig under Paske.
sch. or eyen IRON those who fought in tho Crimea.
and Increase the ecsncy Of tho Russian army
snh what result we shalt soon know. Tho
capable Of improvement aud civilixa,icu, and the
DOUBT not as 10 bother Russia will eventually re-
scys constitutional govern msni but only ar TO the
by which thai end is 20 be rsached-whcther by
quiet aud gradual methods or through violence aud
the horrible uphesvss Of socialism and communism.
the same excellent qualities that he has therc bo
e doub, THAI the great end viii be reached without
sonvulxon-
General Mcclellan believes that Russia forms tho
connecting link between Europcsn and Asatic IDEAS
Hs says
Possessing many OF shs qualities Of Europeans and
On sptituoe Tor their civilization, the Russians have
- the sane ,lme many As's.,e esarac'srstios. and
isiiss 70 tbsmseivr ths purely Asiasic countriea
the sssussBess of the Nuscovne no also considers
20 important eiemsnt In European politics, but thinks
that an undue appreciation OF t Is the Of Tho
"exasscrst.d conclusions 10 the power designs
OF this modern sphinx"
rnk AIN or RUSSIA
Az . reason why Russia stands before the world
just,led In her elorts to secure a iooting on tho
Esean sea by which her internal industries aud
commerce would ind an outlet, tho General cites
parallel instances which must strike the American
reader very forcioiy. He says
Could We for a moment imagine our Atlantic ports
hcrmeiicaly sealed by Ice during the greater part Of
s ye.r and Tue L."sr @ Msss,rp ,, under foreign rule
how long We wouid permit The control Of New Orleans
by another Power
Reference Is here made 20 the desires OF Russia in
seeking free navigation OF the Bosphorus ana how
reasonable her aims In that regard Referring TO
the political justification of Russia not loft In
doubt as to General Mcciellan's sentiments. He re.
CARDS the Moslem as an intcrlopcr in Europe, who
.'has IN no seuse become Europeanized" Basing
upon this fact the conclusion that tho turk has no
rights which civilization is boun1 to respect the
writer states the real question issue n tho follow
ing scntcnccs:--
There possibility OF MoFcm aud Christian
living together 10 harmony IN Europe under Noslem
driven out Dut what shall bs zone with ms country
wneu ,nat Is accomplished Hence the jealousy with
which Russian movements are regarded.
KEsorRcEs RELLieEagxrs
Amer these introductory remarks. which chiefly
TO Summarize the military resources of the bel.
lecrrns. He places the available population OF Tar
Key exclusive Of her European aud African dcpcndcn-
clcs al so 900 ooo Prom number be dcducis tho
Christians and Jews Of European Turkey. leaving
the balance reduced TO A.oop.ooo lie also
states that there are about a.sooooo Chrsiians
10 Asisiic Turkey. rhese, Ne presume, may also be
fairly deducted from the available TURKISH popal,ion
The population Of Russia, not including ssrcr,a aud
other Asiaic depenaenccs except tho transcaucAsus
region Is 1900. 900 lie regards the financial condi-
tion OF neither country good hut states that Russia
10 less dependent on foreign countries Tor supplies
and is. therefore, better prepared for long war The
rurkmh army he sets down ss fo1lowsses uiAr army,
10000; rcdif os trained reserves 400 coo aud
5000 Of the rcdirs whose term ~ expired
Ne does not consider ,ne irregular forces a. able 10
cope the ned with disciplined troop. but says that
they svalsbis Tor the dcencs Of iortlaed posi-
tious sLd as hight troops covering the movements Of
On army" The TURKISH army. he states, 10 divided
into ve osrSs with Their headquarters at Constantine
pie. Monsstr. Erzeroam. Bsgdsa and Dsmsseua
Zach corps 10 commsnasd ~ mushir, or marsnsL
,rs,s s ,ss .ssssrs aud sher r..s,vss on o p.nsss
and near Erycroan, cousacrsbe bodies must be isit
In Constanunepie oa the Ironters Of crecce, aoute
negro ans servia. also IN syria and on The Persian
fronter
lie iuriher states that the Turks are well provided
at present with breecb-soading sruss afery AMI a-
uunilon A. 10 The ensctiver.-s o: the troops no
uyss--
IL is not probable thai the rufxsb army u In high
staie ecsoney Judged from the karopeau poinl of
view, tbe aee brave and wl always a. NJ veil
In the deienee OF forressss sEd ntrenehea p0slons
they sdmrsbie, and they hght veil eloezh n tho
open nsd rnui discouraxed ~ rcserses, vhen they
are apt oSe confidence a. sAs tas case N tie sivr
part Of the campaign Of isS. alter The battle Of AL
ewtcba.
In estimating tho Elective strength Of The Essslaa
army general hcCelian bases be caieaialoEs oa the
returns IRON German 10 lsss, sno gvos oaiy
the peace Effective OF that year. vhch u consider
sbiy below that Of 1877. The development Of The
radr,s 10 iuIi regime1tal strength dannx var time
would certainly raise the s1ecsive strength Of tho
whole army 10 . higher standard than that gwen ~
General Mcclellan. Hut accept hs estimate OF
LOO 700 trained representing the ssresth Of
Russia Tor offensive purposes Regarding the general
military resources OF the country and of trsnfpof-