The Lambertville record. [volume] (Lambertville, N.J.) 1872-1968, 1877-08-15
MISCELLANY.
IA Rs


bars tho road down tho valley of the Kars-
1'sehai and the route from the Russian FROM
tier to Erzeroum, and consequently has
always been greatly esteemed by the TURKS
as one of the most important bulwarks for the
defence of their Asiatic possessions against a
Russian invasion. Alter every campaign
therefore, The offences OF Kars have been
strengthened; AID OF late yeras especial at
tention has been given by the Turkish Gov.
eriinieut to improving tho Notifications Oh
the Caucasian side of the cucionte. Tie ex-
pericnce gained during for:nor campaigns, il
all Of which the seige Of Knrs has invariably
formed a prominent incident, has boon util.
lied Forts Of considerable size and fornid-
able profile, Of a permanent or at lost proyi-
sional character, have been constructed at
points where on former occasions slight field.
works, thrown up in haste to meet the ex-.
igencies of the moment have proved valuable
despite their comparative weakness and the
new Notifications hare been armed with pow.
erful ordinance. TIE result of the labor
which has thus bsen bestowed upon success
sively making strong those points which have
been found to be weak is that at the present
time the fortress of Kars consists of a citadel
an ancient construction, but which has be.n
restored and repaired, and no fewer than
twelve groups Of detached works. OF these
five lie on the right, the remaining seven on
the left Dauk Of the kars-Tsshai, communion.
ton between the two divisions being estGb-
lishad by means OF three stone bridges across
the river. The works on the right hank IRE
the following :On the heights of the Kara.
dagh, 1000 lnutres to the northeast of the
citadel, lies Fort Arab, or KarapatlnlS, traced
on an irreg ar figure with tho gorge closed
by a defensible barracks The left bank of
tie work rests Oh the precipitops bank Of the
Kars- Tscbai, and commands Fort Inglis on
the left Of the river. To the north the valley
is swept by the fort In advance Of and
parallel to the right face is an outwork,
which, like the main work itself and its glacis,
is formed of earth brought from a distance,
the rocky nature Of the ground rendering
deep excavations difficult The profile of the
parapeti lis as follows Command, 4. 2 metros;
thickness of thai of the main work - metres,
and that OF the ontsybrk II metres length of
crest OF main work Cos PAGES of outwork
BIZ pacss
The second work Fort Karadagh lies |, 100
metres to the southeast Of the fort described
above. Its glaeis is swept, like that Of Fort
Arab, by both artillery and musketry FIRE.
Its crest limo Is l,5lS PAGES in length. The
command OF Its parapet Is about three metres,
Its thickness seven metres. Like Fort Arab,
again, u mas no astehes, beng built OF earth
provgnI from dls'ancP. la advance OF 1t are
Two outwofks, commanded by battery IN the
Tort Inc tnlrd wofk~Fort Chafs-Pasha-
les N the plan on tae south OF the Kara
lagn, LEU metfea from me fort OF the
iatter name, aad y square Fashioned fort,
WiFh masonry bombproofs and expense
magazines, anu covered way Zach side
OF the square on WHICH the cushioned fronts
are traced y - metres N length. The
pafapet las command OF q mttras, q
thickness Of W metres the total length Of
the crest line !, DSl raess The fourth work
Fort kanll-vls Z, $50 N tres distant from
Fort 0hafia, md consists OF three inde-
pendent works connected tqs her BY q
iaarapet tne Whole surrounded by q con-
tsliuoas alteh. iae toiaa Ahgth OF the crest
st'ie amounts 20 @,its' pafes The height Of
ne pafapet y w nletri ;, it's thlehasss ~
1neeres. t.ia witth 81 tha ditch 30, aud its
aeptn ~ inetres. The mn and last work en-
we right pank OF the river IS Fort Snwarl,
ts99o metres ifoln Fort hanli, ana y a field
work OF 70 great sire 9Th, constructed in
1000, SINCE Wnifn GATE u ms been but little
improved. Vn th9 lett pank come the FOL.
loving fortiiications THE battery Tschim,
or Ied-Cnarab, Is designed to sweep the
siliey OF the AArs- tschai TO the west OF and
above the town.
Constructed OF earth carried to the spot, it
mas no clutches. Its parapet is from 2. to
% metres IN neisht and o. metres III thick