The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1877-04-27
Rise, Progress and Retrogression
Of the Ottoman Empire.
THE ORlENT'S IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT.
Keys to the Solution Of the Problem BY
a Modern Greek.


kcencst interest
..what Is the Eastern question: asked the lee
Though not very familiar with the subject.
he said he understood the phrase 10 mean the
fact OF the Turks being In Europe ard expressing
Christians the side, and the other side ..
Russia cndcavorlng 10 protect the Christians but
tually trying to get possession OF Constaniinople This
definition not correct The Eastern question
da,ed many centuries back. In present day was
considered political question, but II had not always
been II we went back In history we found that w
had strictly religious character, and was in fact
continual fight between lsamsm and Christianity.
The Crusades werc nothing else than parts oil thu
Eastern question. From remote antiquity there WAS
70 90 found u regular tendency among the barbarian
nations OF Asia TO invade Europe IL might. however,
be said with accuracy that tho Eastern
question began The day that Mohammed. having
subJugacd the Arabian peninsula, turned his cycs
toward the Roman Empire with view TO SUBJ
jugato II to the faith OF Islam Long experience
had shown the lecturer said that II Is impossible
establish harmonious ntodns rireadt between Mos
lens and Christians as it would be to NIX water aud
OIL The two elements OF population antagonistc
TO each other watch ana dstrust each other aud
Tho Turks entirely different race from
the Arabs The latter, protesting the Mohammcdan
religion, had many good qualities, and they have all
ways kept good faith toward the conquered people.
Not 50 with tho Turks
emerged IRON Asiaparucularly from the country SIT
uated between the rivers Oxus and Jaxarcs-min gcd
SUBJECTS then tneir soldiers and finally their masters
In the thirteenth century they almost irrcsis
blc AMI carried everything before them. Their motto
was that OF Mohammed, .koran, tribute, salt" Tney
derived their name from Gilman, alter whom tho
prcsent dynasty is named. In 1861 Murad fixed his
capital Adranoplc. He had already captured many
Christian Provinces including Servia Alter hum came
gary. a, N,copos Ills prorress was however.
stopped by the advance OF the fierce Asatic hordes
under Timur or Tameranc, who defeated B,jazet
at Angora IN l4o2, captured him. and tradition says,
placed him IN an iron cage Tor tho rest OF his days
But his escaped and reigned as Mohammcd ].
Thus the attacks upon the Eastern Empire
Murad H. laid siege TO Constannoplc, but was forced
TO rotra His son. Mohammed H., surnarned the
Conqueror, however, captured the city Ia l453, and
since that time the Byzantine Empire ceased To exist.
The lecturer gave graphic description OF the capture
Of Conslantinoplo and proceeded with the history OF
the Turks. For zoo years after the capture OF Con-
santinople tne progress OF the turks was resisted.
They became the masters OF Morea. OF the islands Of
the Archipelago, part OF Angora and the Crmca- In
Asia they extended their possessous TO the rcencics
OF runis, Tripo ana Algeria mud about the middle Of
tho sixteenth century were in the zenith Of ihclr
power, particularly In the reign Of Solyman
penetrated tar the walls OF Vienna whero they
defeated by the Polish King, SobieskL In 1909,
after tho battle OF Pultowa they came for the nrs,
tmo IN contact With tho Russians under Petor the
Great Since then continual warfare has bce0 going
| on between tho Two nations In l774 a large pari
OF Turkish territory bordering the Black Sca was
coded to Russia In 1890 Turkey lost the crimea aud
In 1880 the present Kingdom o Greece established
/
years
The rise and decline oil The turkish Empire to tho
present day being thus skeiched, the lecturer pro-
cccded To discuss the state OF affairs Turkey
The troubles OF Turkey arc not, he said, caused by
lack Of diplomats and he paid handsome compliment
to the three eminent statesmen OF modern Turkey
Rashi Pacha, Aili Pacha and Fuad Pacha--aIl
dead The OF the evil he observed, bc found
the fundamental principles OF the Mohammcdan rc
gion. The faithful must rule over tho inndcl, who
must either embrace lsamssm or ply tribute for the
privilege OF keeping his head between his shoulders
The Turks cannot DO ama'sa,naied with any other
nation except with the loss their religion. Tho
Bulgarians and Tho Hungarians were originally
Asiatlc nations but gradually mingled win
the slavic, embraced Christianity and finally
became . civilized people. Not with tho Turks
They remain they were 500 years ago These
remarks the lecturer applied 10 tr ass OF Islamisis,
and 10 the fcw Turks who speak French dress
III the latest Parisian fashion Tho Turks, nc said,
not be Judged from the specimens seen Con-
stantinoplc Under tho eyes VI the foreign ambassa-
doris the Turks do not dare 10 show their hand but
In tho interior provinces things entirely Inherent
The Christians tho agrlcnltursts, traders me.
chanlcs and bankers OF the country. The Turks
| the dominating race ana nothing more The tyran-
meal and arbitrary way IN which the taxes coli
hcted and tho continual oppression w the dominant
race are the cause Of the periodical risngs 81
| the Christian peoples Ia attempts To Tree tncni-
selves from tho Turkish yoke. The viii OF tho
local Governor Is the supreme law lilo can send tho
Zaias TO arrest and imprson any one without tho
slightest fOrmaity When TINS Official carries Things
tnc pacha OF The province sometimes inter-
fcrcs. and when the wrong is very papaoic lac 10
answered that 1t was ''iangiisn'-by mistake
THIN IN EUROPA.
Europe but tor the Jcaloses OF the great Powers among
themselves, ana Tor that iallacious dogma called tho
European equilibrium Within the lest thirty years
the map OF Europe has been cnrcy rcmodciieu Great
| changes had taken place IN Denmark France, Italy,
Germany and Austria Whenever there up q
question IA relation 10 some Turkish province England
steps with that dogma, and talks OF '.nc iBdepe-
dcDcc and integrity 81 the Turkish Empire" Russia
the rigLt 10 protect her orcsonists Ia Turkey
By tho treaty OF Adnanopic III ls2y. But England nas
always been jealous OF that protectorac aud did
not hesitate 70 JON Napoleon III. IN the Crimean
arising out OF the sy prccNts OF the custody vi tho
OF the Saviour IN Palestine anu tho placing OF
an additional star On the canopy IT, Since that
war England undertook the regeneration OF Turkey
Abundant lvnns We're furnished by her. although very
little OF the money reached the grcat or
part bong spent IN Lonaon in Duuiny costly iron
ends aud purchasing munitions OF The W
Turkish ms been r,zed "A a moc.
cry by Mr. GLADSTONE IL reads we'll, but the power of
the sultan Is as absolute as ever, since hc has tho
privilege to send any person TO exilc who may
have been cent to the TURKISH Parliament,
tho few Christians who elected being crc,-
lures OF the Turks In the island OF Crete the people
refused 10 elect any Deputies but the local Governor
ovcrcame tins trining difficulty ny appointing Two Of
ms own choice The Greeks OF Constanlinople mum.
Der about 1900 the ArmcniuHs 10 900 The Jews
$4,000 yet to tho turkish Parliament three
Roumanians, one Greek ana one jew la tho vila, OF
OF smyrna there 800 00J Greeks and 80 OC0 Rou.
maniaDs, but each Of them scnt only Deputy The
thing could be SAID OF the viiayct oil Ardranopc
The Greeks number 100000 ana the R0umanans
$4,000, but only two Greeks wcro returned and ono
Roumanian, though the proportion Is fifteen Ia one
The refusal 81 tue TURKISH government 10 grant aa-
tonomy 10 Bulgaria well 10 Bosaia aud Here.
rcvina was matter OF course, for Bulgaria forms
the very hoaft VI The Empire IL has the nEcss
ports the Black sea and most ertIlo
SOIL exports an immense quantity Of produce and
Is inhapited BY an industrious and aalct people Tue
granting OF autonomy Bulgaria would b. political
suiciic TOR Turkey. Wlth Roumania and Scrvn as
sem.indcpendent States, Iolnius q her European
possessons would remain but narrow srp OF terri.
: tory around Constantinople and the provinces Of
Epirus rhessaly. Macedonia aud the island 81 Crete
II the latter provinces should DC annexed TO Greece ~
believe they Will be sooner ater, the dominion Of
the sultan ia European Turkey would DC practically ~
end Certainly, with the Chance Of war AZ nnst
| her, Turkey could lose more than that No won-
der then that ready TO light Tor these posses
sions, which involve her very existence
SOLUTION, rSKnAPS.
!, The solution of the Eastern question, by letting
these people govern themselves, seems never to avc
entered minds OF those Who iavOr the chmcfa OF
U Ilrkn q InfkA