The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1877-11-04
Gte2Bnlletin
GRANT At SUNDERLAND.



r, up, Inesdsy General Grant, accompn!ed
BY Mrs. " Grant and General Badeau AID
party, paid a visit to the extensive glass
works OF Messrs. James Hartley Il Co. I'm
mcdiately on entering the offices, Mr. II.
r. kayll, addressing the General, said he
was very giadto have received ssisitironi
him. for they, had many customers In
America, indeed, America was their chief
market, and tho REPORT OF this visit would
he read with interest. They therefore
hoped to make the visit Of General Grant
TO him. lie then went on to ex-
plain the different manufactures Of glass,
and said originally itaim6st wholly con.
sisted Of crown glass, which was 'gather-
ed, IRON furnaces and by means OF cen.
trifugni force quickly expanded into the
circle OF glass--a pattern tab e Of which
was then shown. This kind Is. no longer
manufactured in Messrs. Hartley's works,
having been completely superieded by the
manufacture of sheet glass, which has rem
dered it, production unremunerAtive. Up
10 lsiJ, when the duty was taken OF glass,
II was considered extravaganza use large
sizss, but when the duty was removed
there was a much greater demand and the
manufacture Of sheet glass or cylinder glass
came into operation. Mr.. kyall here
pointed out TO tie General lHo eLorm0us
cylinders which had been manufacture
In the works and.which measured from 30 to
100 inches In length, and forty inches In
diameter. These, however. lie said, were
larger than those ordinarily made, as the
expense OF gathering and blowing
such extreme sizes was equal TO producing
polished plate glass. The ordinary size
was now 80 inches in length, and 80 inches
wide. Large sheets were difficult to man
ufscture. and great care had to be exer-
cised by the workman, asexperience alone
could teach him the proper amount OF
metal TO gather" and how 10 blow out
the glass to the proper length and width.
The glass must he distributed evenly over
the whole surface and not be disturbed
even by the fortiefh part Of an inch. The
Americans themselves had adopted this
method ofmsnufacturing glass. Mr.. Ksyll
also showed specimens Of polished, rolled,
and tOughened glass, with the latter OF
which an interesting experiment was
shown. General Grant said bis visit was
very oppOrtune, inssmueh - he had lately
seen glass manufactured at Pittsburs. The
party then proceeded on tour of inspec-
ton Of the works, and witnessed the man.
ufacture OF ordinary sheet window glass
in nearly all its stages, also the manufac.
ture Of furnace pots used In the melting Of
the metal. The materials used in the man
ufacture oil comOn window glass are sand,
sulphpate Of soda, chalk, and black oxide
OF manganese. These are carefully pow
derei and calcined prior 10 their transfer
In definite proportions to the crucioles or
glass-house pots. The manufacture OF
these glass.house pots IL an important and
interesting branch OF Nessrs. Hartley's
manufacture. The metal In the furnace
having been converted into the requisite
molten state, the visitors witnessed the OPP
Grafton OF manufacturing il into cylinders
The blowers, with their long blow.pipes,
approached the glowing furnace, and after
q few seconds they withdrew them with q
goOdly lump OF motion metal attached
| This, by blowing, is distended, and, stand.
ing over q pit, the blower dextrously
swings the blow-Pipe from side 10 side, the
| pear-shape bulb Of glass assuming mean
while the symmetrical form Of o true cylin
der with rounded ends. That end of the
cylinder unattached TO the blow-pipe IL
now weakened by the application OF g
piece Of motion glass, aud the mouth of the
blow-pipe being closed, the expansion OF
the contained air bursts the softened ent
OF the cylinder, which IL thereupon shap.
ed with suitable tool. The next thing Is
to dstsch the cylinder, when completed
from the blow.pipe, and this Is effected BY
drawing round Its mock cold iron, which
causes It TO separate. The cylinders are
then split from end to end by q diamond
and placed in the fiattening kiln. Here
subjected to nicely graduated heat, tn
glass softens, and with the aid of suitable
tools the cylinders are opened out, III
resulting fiat sheets Of glass being remove,
10 annesling kilns, where they are pei
fected. The method of manufacture Fl
the case oil plate glass, which was also wit
messed by the visitors, is altogether differ
eHt. Before Mr.. Hartley introduced hi
successful plan of manipulation 1t wa
the custom to lift bodily from tn
furnace by means Of cranes the cauldron
Of glass. their contents being throw
upon an iron table and rolled into larg
plates. The use OF ladies is an esser
tial part OF Mr.. Hsrtley's patent, an
4 II also embraces the happy idea Of engra,
Ing a pattern on the table. BY tn
adoption Of these simple eXpsdients th
manufacture is greatly helped forwart
for the tmalier p.ates can be economical
produced, and the suitability Of the gla'
for eertaiu purposes 10 spprcciably ii
creased. The glass 10 produced in var!
ing thieknesses, the table on which th
plastic metal 10 rolled being fitted wit
lateral gusges which enable the degree
Of thicknesses TO DO regulated to meet!
Other departments Of the works are ocs,
pied with the production Of miscellaneol
and colorcd glass. In the latter branc
Messrs. Hartley have won considersb
rspute, their glass for pictorial window
showing q beauty Of tint and textul
rivaling the best specimens .! anoiel
manufacture. In the artists room II
visitors witnessed the coprs Of eonpl