davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07
IN UNION STRENGTHEN KNOWLEDGE POWER.
RED WING, MIMI, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1877

The Ladies of the Baptist con,
gregation will give festival and
oyster supper at Temperance hall,
on Wednesday evening, Feb. 21st.
Capt. Fred I. Dean, of Chicago,
will lecture in this city, on next
Wednesday night, on the mysteries
of the Rum Traffic."
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07

PAINS in BACK, HEAD, HEART,
Lungs, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Lasns-
bag0, Sciatica, Pneumatic Gout, Neru-
ous and Kidney diseases, positively
cured by DR.. Filters Rheumatic Ren,-
edy and Vegetable Liver Pills. Nerer
fail w1en persevered in. For circulars,
Pamphlets, Guarantees, &c., go to yo,tr
Druggists, Nesen & Funk, agents for
Red Wing. 43yl
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07
The Minnesota Seeder.

From the Winona Republican,
The effort to make, in Minnesota, the
agricultural implements used by the
farmers instead Of importing all this
farm machinery from the East is one in
which the material interests Of the State
are deeply concerned. 1t matters not
in what particular city the machines
are made so they are made in Mime
sofa. The success, therefore, of the
Minnesota Seeder, invented and made
by W. M. Hurlbert, proprietor of the
Phoenix Iron Works in this city, is a
matter of general interest to the public
and especially to the farmers. The
good points Of the machine are more
fully explained in a letter from Mr.. E.
NJ. Gallup, Master Of Grange No. 100,
at st. Charles. After mentioning the
features of the Seeder, he says: II
sowed wheat, oats and barley and think
never had more even stand Of grain,
which I attribute to the thorough and
perfect working Of my Seeder.. I don't t
see how any Seeder can work better -
Mr.. Hurlburt has made 'Fnew de-
partare' in selling directly to farmers
instead of through agents, and giving
to farmers the margin which formerly
went to the agents. In other words, to
give the exact figures, Mr.. Hurlbert
gives the farmer seeder at $44@48
for which the agents formerly charged
$65@70. The Minnesota Seeder has
the best Of endorsement from many
practical farmers and others-such men
as John G. Laird of Winona, who has
used the seeder on his farm at Quincy;
T. H. Bolton, of Eyota; Milo White, Of
Chat6eld; S. w. Oviatt, of Worth; Ole
Benson, B. F. Woodman and others Of
North6eld, and host of others. It
was also very strongly recommended by
the session Of the State Grange Of
Patrons Of Husbandry held at Owatonna
in December last, as follows:
WHEREAS, AMr. W. NJ. Hurlbert, manu-.
facturer of TIL Minnesota Heeder at Winona
Mimi, has abandoned the system of agen-
cies through which he has formerly dis.
posed of his seeders and is now selling them
direct to the farmers at greatly reduced
prices, therefore
Resolved, That we, as farmers of Mime.
sofa, gladly hail the day that brings us these
concessions, and we hereby pledge W. NJ
Hurltert our hearty support and coopera.
tion in this his new departure.
The stock of seede1s made for the
trade last spring was early exhausted,
and Mr.. Hurlbert built larger number
of machines for the market this spring.
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07

ADVERTISING RATES.
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07

We learn that Mr.. Chas Ben
way, who resides three miles this
side of Cannon Falls, sowed wheat
yesterday Tuesday and was keep
ing right along at it.
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07

Special notices in editorial columns, Is
cents per line, for first insertion, and after.
wards, in special notice column, at Sc
per line.
The date following the name iii the ad-
dress is the time Of the commencement Of
the subscription not paid for.
The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1877-02-07
Terms Of Subscription,

Single Copy, per year 81 90
Five Copies to one address Is
Ten =" Is 90
~ Subscriptions must be paid in
odrance IN all cases.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30

This fine trotting stallion, will stanC
the present season at the stables OF
II. M. Gano, in East Dallas, near the
Texas Central freight depot, at fifty
dollars the season, the money to be
paid when the mare is bred, with the
privilege of returning the mare free OF
charge, until she proves In foal, II the
horse lives. Should the horse be sold
before another season, arrangements
will be made for the return OF mares
not In foal, or IL at distance, the
money will be refunded.
Lakewood by BlackwoOd first dam,
by Red Tiger; second dam, by Old
Imported Glencoe. Lakewood, by
Norman first dam, by Mambrino
Chief. Norman, by the Morse horse /;
first dam, by Jessey Highlander;
second dam, by Hambletonian. Black
wood sold for $4,000. His sister, Lulu,
beat Goldsmith's Maid, and 100000
was refused for her. Blackwood, IT,, a
half brother to lakewood, took the
Centennial premium, at Philadelphia,
last year, and | suppose Is the best horse
OF his age in the United States. Blaze
wood now, not quite six years old, has
colts sold at from $3.50 to $500 dollars.
A rare opportunity is here offered to
fine horse breeders. Grass pasture
furnished mares from distance at
two dollars per month, and breeding
attention free VI charge.
Itt#f lff r. NJ. dAN0.
DALLAS. Texas April as, 1877.
-
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
"Lct Us Reason Together"

"Let Us Reason Together"
Our citizens by their action at the
last municipal election, separated
Dallas city from Dallas county as a
school district, and voted to control
her own Taxes, towards the maint-
enance of public schools. That was
the first step on the ladder which, II
climbed, will lead our town to ulti-
mate prosperity and intelligence. But
the battle is not won yet. The coun.
oil, by resolution last night, ordered
an election to be held on the 10th Of
June, for the purpose Of allowing the
people to create the tax, which is
necessary to inaugurate and sustain
the aforesaid schools. BY a wise
provision OF the law, only those can
vote who have taxable property, and
who contribute to the income of the
city. But here danger arises. 1t Is
a well known fact that citizens, rs a
rule, do not take enough interest in
special elections to attend the polls,
except extraordinary inducements are
offered; and just here Is where the
danger lies. The law governing the
election by the people, to determine
If a tax shall be created, demands that
two thirds of the property owners
shall vote. The whole thing might
be defeated by the voters non.attend.
ance. We wish to impress this on
the minds of our people. Now is
the chance to establish schools, and
by 80 doing foster immigration in
crease the intelligence, add to the
number of Taxpayers, benefit our
children, reduce the number OF crimi-
nails, keep the boys Oft the street, and
keep progress with the spirit of the
age. Let every man attend who has
q vote. Let the friends of education
urge the necessity upon them. There
are SOME persons who would gladly
see the measure defeated, and will
spare no pains to do so. Friends OF
the movement aid the opposition
by non-attendsnce. 1t is also urged
by some that female Taxpayers have
a vote. III this is the case (which we
doubt there is so much more necessity
OF all tue men voting, as the absence
of the ladies will tend to lessen the
prospect OF getting the two-third prop
erty owner vote. Consider well the
matter. Let us have our schools and
school.houses, and by so doing add
the brightest gem to the crown OF
glory which Dallas has already won
by her onward and irresistible march,
to the music OF the progress OF the
age.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
Personal.


We had the pleasure of meeting A.
G. Goddin, of New Orleans, yesterday.
We rather Ike TO see steam boatmen
and other business men OF the Ores.
cent city, looking about here In north
TexP'. Captain q. was accompanied
by Colonel Henderson, the accom-.
pllshed editor OF our evening cotempo.
rary, the Commercial.
George Hayes, the handsome ticket
scalper Of the Trinity, left last night
for his home in Erie, Pennsylvania,
where he will remain during the sum.
mer. George, we shall meet, but we
shall miss you at meal time.
Alfred Davis, esq. and wife left night
before last, for q three weeks visit to
Kentucky. Bon Voydge. 4.t
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30

Yesterday morning the Messrs. San

Yesterday morning the Messrs. San
gers received dispatch announcing
the death of their father In New York.
They Immediately closed their place
Of business. The deceased, Mr.. Elias
Sanger, was a native Of Bavaria and
seventy. eight years Of age. He came
to this country some years ago. de
had nine children, ak boys aud three
girls. One Of the sons has died, one IS
In New York, the balance in thi'
state. Each and every one OF the sons
are men Of great business capacity, ana
are noted for their strict integrity and
successful business talent THE HER
AID eondoles with the bereaveh, ana
extends It's heartfelt sympathy.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
Local lettings.


Ball meeting last night.
Fire companies out drilling last
night.
Considerable thieving going on In
town.
Kerosene Is mightier than the
sword.
Public schools is now the issue be.
fore the people.
dallas and Wichita Is the COM
mon talk on the streets.
-Workmen are putting a head on
the brick building opposite the Lamar.
Read the mayors message. II
contains much valuable information.
Miss Allie Crookston gave pleas
ant entertainment to a party of her
friends, Monday evening.
Another moonlight picnic, last
night, at Longs lake. Love and
mOonshine was INDUCED In.
Some fine trotting horses are here,
and those who enjoy that kind of rae
ing can be amply gratified at the fair
grounds during the races.
The band that can furnish the most
wind and noise for the least money
are requested to correspond with the
secretary of the Jockey Club.
y The butchers are dissatisfied with
the excessive tax imposed upon their
occupation, and are holding conyen-
lions to devise means for relief.
There Is nothing so vital to the
interest and permanence Of city as
the establishment of free schools. No
securities sell better, and debt for
such a purpose is blessing instead of
burden.
Owing to determination on the
part of the council to adjourn last
night, the communication Of the fire
department, asking for an appropria-
ton to help entertain the fire dele.
gates was not read.
MIR. Robert Seay, in his speech
last night in favor of his resolution
ON the school question, made use OF
we'll chosen, discreet and truthful
words. His views are sound, and 1t Is
but question of time to see them
carried out.
THE proud autocrat and bloated,
purse.proud nabobs are fitting away
to pleasant pastures during the hot
weather, while the weary, toiling news
paper man perambulates beneath
broiling sun and earns his beer and
swltzer. kase by the sweat of his lead
pencil.
Ladies'! Ifyou want the gentle
men to admire you, take DR.. J. III. Nc
Leans Strengthening Cordial and
Blood Purifier. 1t will give you
health, strength, vitality and pure
rich blood. DR.. J. II. McLean's office.
3l4 Chestnut street, st. Louis, Mis-
souri,.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30

Major Barkley has just returned
FROM Houston, aud just before leaving
no VIA sent for by the horse men,
who IN d 10 him, 1--WE have here about
forty running horses, aud have been
together all the season, We know just
what such u horse can do aud We have
matched against one another SO often
that much OF the public interest has
been lost, II h simply u hlppodrome
Besides, out Of that forty, there are
hut i've Ia III condition 10 run, We
doubt II II would do your track any
good for Us to come NJ there ~ We
could do neither the track or ourselves
Justice, but ~ We have promised to
40, we will keep that promise II you
insist upon H." The major con-
sIdered the matter, and determln
ed that they were right, and
as no desired that nothing but first.
class racing should take place on the
new grounds, he lot them OIL. The
consequence will be- that the races In.
stead OF being five days will be held
only three, commencing next satur
day. To compensate for the absence
OF the running stock, the largest and
beat collection OF trotters that has
ever been brought together In this
state are now arriving ut the grounds
The prizes are good, and some fine
speeders will contest. A new pro.
gramme has been made out, which
we append here:
FIRST DAY, JUNE 2.
Running ponies fourteen hands
and under--mile dash, three TO enter,
$40 to first and $40 to second.
Trotting-three minute class--mIle
heats, three to enter 5000 to first aud
500 to second. . H|i
SECOND DAY, JUNE 4.
Runniug-untrained saddle horses
dash OF one mile, three to enter, $75
to first.
Trotting - 2;40 clOss-mlle heats,
three In five, three to enter, $500 to
first and $50 to second.
THIRD DAY, JUNE 8,
Trotting-2;5O class - mile heats,
three in five, three to enter, $500 to
first and 500 to second.
Trotting-free to all-mile heats,
three In five, three to enter, $3.50 to
first and $50 to second.
No record made at this meeting
shall be rs barred-good day and good
track.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
arasshoppsr Men 90 tho r,o.,.

DALLAS, Tmas, May -, ISL.
To tho Editor ofTho Herald,
This Ia 10 request that every county
IN Texas, whore the grasshoppers have
been depredating, call a county meet.
lnsl nave y secretary appointed, and
ahd take down such items OF Interest
~ They can gather at such county
meeting, aud appoint two delegates
nom each county 10 meet In conven.
Ton NJ Dallas, NJ such time ne may he
agreed upon by the majority OF the
counties holding conventions, 10 co.'s
lecl nll the Information that can be-
obtained, that we may save our first
planting from the pests, should they
ever visit our state again.
WIZ all the newspapers, In the
counties visited by grasshoppers this
spring, please copy this article for the
benefit OF our farmers, the bone and
hlheW OF our land. Il, NJ, 0ANO.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
The Leading clothing House Of Dallas


Il. M. Kahn Il Bro. justly claim this
egotistical title, on, account OF their
having the most extensive stock Of
well made clothing in the city of Dial
las, and as good as is kept in Calves
ton, New Orleans or any other large
city, and they prop e to sell their
goods rs cheap as the cheapest, and
guarantee better goods, largest assert
ment, best styles and latest fashions.
A glance at their stock wi convince
anyone as to the truth their asser-
tious. They also keep first-class
stock of mems fur sping goods. con-
sisting of compete stock Of mems
hats, which they make specially OF
also, the celebrated diamond ID shirts
which they offer at extreme low figures.
They also keep on hand the most COM
plete and finest lineof neck wear and
hosiery In the city In view OF the
above stern facts, we. can cheerullye
recommend oil OF our citizens and the
public generally, to call around and
examine their stock, and we feel con-
fldent that they will coincide with uin
and pronounce Il. M. Kahn d Bros.
the leading clothing house
DaIlas ...r .-I
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
rYee Prospeets.

Il ia estimated that the cotton yield
Of Mississippi will be five million
bales. This Is calculating the season
TO continue as favorable to the crop as
It has been. The cotton has greater
acreage and Is cleaner than for years.
In Texas the reports concerning cot
ton are favorably for good yield. In
Brazoria county the estimate Is made
that IL will be double In yield of any
former year. Cooke county reports
wheat harvest already, with heavy
Yields. More acres have been planted,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
Tue hurry, three Found Tumor.

The lady, from whom DIR, w. H..
Armstrong, on the 9th instant, re-.
moved an ovarian tumor Weighing
thirty-threo pounds, IL progressing
most favorably. She has suffered but
trliling Inconvenience. This is the
eighth day since the operation was
performed, and her ultimate recovery
Ia an almost absolute certainty.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
Notice OF Dissolution.

The firm of Benson ~ Stewart, hav.
ing been dissolved by the death Of IL.
M. Benson, notice is hereby given
that the business will be continued by
his widow, Helen A. Benson, at the
same place, j. s. Stewart retiring.
Parties desiring to purchase fine i'm.
ported pigs will find it to their advant.
age to call or communicate with Mrs.
Helen A. Benson, Dallas, Texas, OF
apply at the rancho, three hundred
yards north of the Wichita depot, ON
the Dallas and Wichita railroad.
HELEN NJ. BENSON,
Corner Oleander street and Cottage Lane,
my292w Near Catholic Church
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30

Last night a goodly number assem-.
bled at this park 10 enjoy the gliding
motion on wheels. The dancing plat.
form had been planed OIL for skating
purposes, and II answered admirably.
The programme now Ia ON Mondays
and Fridays the operahouse will be
open for ladies and their escorts, to
skate, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thurs
days and Saturdays, Frascati Ia open
for everybody.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
STATE OFaTExAS,

10 gives 20 the Passenger view OF the grand
est scenery, finest agricultural district and
great grazing grounds Of the West.
lts passenger and freight trains are SUR
passed by none In the State. Pullmans
Palace Drawing Room and Sleeping Cara
leave b. Louis daily Via the NJ, X. n Il. R'y
Mt y a. M; Hannibal at 10 q, m, and Sedalia
at 823 y. m, running through to Denison,
sherman, Dallas, Hoarne, Austin and Hous-
ton without change. Connection III also made
at sherman with the Texas and Pacific rail-
way for the above named points.
The connections of this Road with the NJ,
k, Il Il. at Denison for ~. Louis, Hannibal,
Chicago, Fort Scott, Kansas City and all
points North and East; with the Texas a Pa
cinc at sherman for 1T. Louis, Cairo, Mem
phis, and all points East and Southeast, and
1T Houston with the g., IL. h y. A. for San
Antonio, the g., ii. a IL. for Galveston, the
Orange, etc., the Morgan aud Mallory steam
SHIPS for all points on the Gulf and Atlantic
coasts, and the Liverpool Texas Steamship
Line TO Liverpool, Havre and other Euro
pean cities are perfect, while its freedom
irom dust and heat on account OF the nature
OF the soil and the open prairie country over
which II passes, with It's cooling sea breeze,
pleasant scenery OF broad prairies, beautiful
groves, well cultivated fields OF cotton, corn,
small grain, and fruits, render 1t especially
desirable and advantageous to travellers and
shippers In preference 70 others,
st. Louis Express leaves Galveston daily
except Saturday ut 2:20 p. m, Houston NJ
$50 p. m ;, Hearne at 2:25 p. M, Dallas 1855 o.
IN. and Denison mt ll:i5 a. m.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
lretuntesi.

Yesterday morning u eolored female
servant OF Dr. Leake's was fatally
burned by the explosion ola lighted
Kerosene lamp, which set fire TO her
clothes She died shortly after the
accident, though everything was done
by the doctor possible. She was an
old family servant, and was affection.
ately regarded by them.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
uides nnd xYnnI

GALyksToE, May D.-Hldes-Dfy selected
Iet<a17e; light salted l41<r; stack salted 1875;
damaged hslf price, wet salted g; selected
ton in the wool market. Medium and fine
grades continue firm, bus less strength In
prices OF coarser woods. Eastern aud norfh-
ern, nne aud medium. free OF burs. z0)oe
bury Halle; eastern and northern coarse
le9x5c; bury l2gl5c; western and southern
nns 441,c; fneilum zt1E5cf coarse western
and Mexican i71l5c.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
County Assessment.

All parties living in the city, and
wning any property liable for county
or state taxes, whom ] have failed to
see, must call on me at the office OF
Kerfoot Il Hereford, corner of Main
and Lamar streest, upstairs, and renj-
er a list Of said property, by the first
Of June. WIN. JOHNSON,
my2 I'm Deputy County Assessor.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
noulial.

A. j. Council, late OF the Cooper In
stltute, New York, has taken the Office
formerly occupied by DIR, McGee, 62l
Elm, opposite Poydras street, and 30,
lIcits the public patronage. The ad.
ministration OF laughing gas a special
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
Centaur
.L-ininn entS.

Ono Kind for the Human Family.
The othsr for loTaoa and Animal.
Theao LlnImonla arc uimply the wonaei Z
the world. Their ELECTS ara little less than
marvellous.
The whise Liaimsnt u ioF lha human
and neulalgia from the SYSTEM cure Lum.
hago, Chllblalna, l.0ok jaw, iiaiAy, Itch. and
lnslnl uaiAneoun kFupllonsi II extracts ifcnt
nom lfohen hands and feet, and The poison
Q, ni!oa aud siingA OF venomons repelssi y
nupduea swclllngs, anu ailevialee pain ~
eVefy klnd, When epraina OF bruises occur,
" 10 tho most p0tent remedy ever discovered
W neal Tho Injured parts. The Contauf Lin.
Nsn. u nsed with Eseet ,eiiiesey for sore
anu Weak Hack, Tho following N but = SAM
pie OF tho numerous testimonialA.
"inniAHA HoMn, Ioff. Co., Ind, May n, ik71
~ thlnk II my duty 70 inform you thht
nave nWersd much with aaoiiSh leef and
,no a A TOW bottles OF Cenlaur Imminent
nas uene ihe HofA for me. have not been
trec nom these swell nga ~ esOhf years, Now
hs a AK pft X, wslI The liniment ought 10
"nENJAMIN BROWN"
Tho proof 10 In the trial, ltis reliable, a.
Mandy II In cheap, and every family
ould have the white oentsnr Liniment
The Yellow Oensaus Liniment 10
adapted 10 the tough muscloa, eorda and
iiesh OF horses aud animals, IL has PERFORM
OF moro wonderhil cures In thrca years OF
SPAWN, Strain, Wind-galls, Scratches,
sweeny, aud general lAmenoaa, than all
other remedies In existence. TOAD what tho
great Exproahmen say OF 49, ~ ilHt
"NKw YoaK, January, isit.v
EVERY owner OF horses uhouid give tho
ventaur Eminent u tial, We consider Il
tho beat article over .nssd y our stables.
"hupt Adams Ex, stables, NY.
"hupt u. y, Ex, stables, NY.
'ALHERTh. OLlN,
"supt. Nat. Ex. Stables, N. r."
The best patrons OF this Liniment arc Far
mers aud Veterinary Surgeons, who are con-
annually using some Liniment. II heals
ais, wounds and poll.evil, removes swell.
ings, and Ia worth millions Of dollars an
nualiy 10 FARMERS, Livery. men, stock grow
s on shisop-raisers, and those having horaea
What a Farrler cannot do for 40 tho Con.
tanr Liniment Will do nc u trining eost.
THESE LnimonN arc sold by NIL dealers
throughout tho country. They are warranted
ny the proprietors, and a bottle win be given
" any Farrior or Physician who desires 10
Laboratory o. ]. .. Rose 4 Co.,
40 Day Sc. NEW YoRK,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30

Bargains for this week at NJ. SUES,
in dry goods, ready.made dresses and
ladies' hats. A call will convince any
one that they can save money In max
inc their purchases OF him.-my2O-lw
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
leo CrenmI Ice Creami

For the very best Ice cream In the
city, go to Botto's Ice Cream Parlor,
lie Grand Hotel, in rear OF Exchange
bank. Families and parties supplied
on order at lowest cash rates.
myl6 M
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30
Commercial.

LIVERPOOL, May ia p. Prime mes
beef, s5df6.
NEw YORK, May 20.-Noon.-Flour dul
and declining. Wheat quiet. Corn kaii
better.
Erafahta Nrf..
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1877-05-30

and lls yield greater per acre, In Wise
there Is less acreage, but good yield
OF wheat The cotton acreage Ia in
creased over former years.