, 1877-07-06
CHICAGO. FRIDAY, JULY"G, 1877.


money, rcf]ccmable in twenty years, a. the rate
of co, 00o, 900 annually.
WANTS Az EXPLANATION.
PARIS, Juiy h.-Tht Porto i,as insfraatcsi that
It expects the English Cabinet wf1t explain to
the szostarics OF the Treaty Of Paris the OBJ
iect Of the 1eet belhg sent TO Bcsika Day.
sHRvIAN 1NDEpH*DENcB-
VIENNA, July k-It IL rumoretl that the first
act Of the skdptschinA wilt be q declaration Of
eervfan independence
eERvyA.
In Official quarters here tho participation OF
Bcrvia To the mar would be considered inop-
perfume, and Is not believed to be contcu,-
plated.
czARs PROCLAMATION.
No diplomatic explanations liare hccu fur.
ntshcd by Russia regarding tho Cars proc
1amstton to the Dulgartans, nor has any been
demanded.
DEsT1nAT1oS uKKNowN.
Co.srArrNorLE, July 6.-Thirty battal!ons
Of tho Turkish army Of Montenegro have
reached Onttvari, whence they wifi embark for
an unknown destination.
GREECE.
VIENNA, July b.-Althouah The difficulty be-
tween Greece and Turkey about the seizure Of
arms At Corfu has boon settled, the tone then
adopted BY tho Ports appears to have given
deep ofIcnse at Athens, 90 that my new dtf.
ference, however triatug may lead 10 collision.
THE TURKISH DEFENSES.
TuB COUNTRY or nuI1AnfA-T1H BALRAH
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS or THEIR PASSAGE
six noUTEs ACCESSIBLE 70 An ARMY OF IN
Correspondence xe,s 5ork 7,n.ts.
RucuAnEsr. June 14.-Ahhough confcsa1nR my
inability and my unwilllngnesa 10 make any we'll
founded prediction Of tho plan Of the campaign.
think that will be inerestthg to Rtve sketch Of
the natural features OF tho zone Of operations hftes
tho passage Of the Danube. bulgaria, from tho
River 10 tho Daiksne ID rolling country, covered
In places With rich pastures sud fertile nclds
and travcrscd By numerous streams The villages
are not numerous, and arr widely separated from
each other, hnt Of considerable extent and gen.
eta11y wcll provfsloncd; On ttfs resource, how.
cycr an invading army cannot rely. - In all prob.
ability they have been nfeady neil drained BY the
Turks. This circumstance will Ia consequence.
ucccssitatt the transportation of everything needed
for tho snbsistenee Of the columns. This roads
during the rainy senson arc, In this light elayey
soil, simply impracticabtc. The descent into tho
yalIeya, a. wo approach tho mountains, becomes
steep, and "a rendered mora dt!cnlt by tho absence
Of bridSes all hut tho principal water
In the winter, when the SNOW ia very abundant
thorr asr no roads at ali. In the summer ali yte-
etxton IL burned mp bY the excessive hcnt and The
want ot water IL sensiL1y felt although Mussul-
man piety has established fountains and ding
wells wherever 1t IL possible. This circumstance
often ncccbs!tAtcs long nurrhes, particularly for
the cavalry, and 10 reason for enforced bad se-
lection OF camps aud eautdnments. The Chain Of
tho balkans. which scparates Roumelia from Of.
fetal bulgaria, runs from west to caet, gradually
d!WtnlshtnR In altitude nearly to the shores Of the
! Black Sea, whcrs 1t ceases abraptiy at Cape
Ea1inch. bctwoen the valleys Of the kanlstch!ck
and the Nadir. West Of TIC sonEees os the Jsntsa
Kan,stchick tho mean elevation 'of the range ID
sst", q .e pa,
| In t.sls part bear strong resemblance TO thoao
Do as[ sa 80 out naea e1s os oT Z ss I'D
found only in the valleys. TIE touthea<to n slops
d dectisty. Nv whch il masked by .s!rs. III do1atns
from t6e genera. direction Of tho chain, aud era:
tey aia:sas trea 4 i! sssssfste. Snsnaas AZ
,i,i s.FJins from 10 70 20 re-. ia height, an sons
pesentne ,hs r. spRs.;snso Of gstesws1
bat ~ shey near tae bss. shsy form p.ta1ni faeIs
They 70 thickly Wooded Win 'stunsed oaks ant
lsss e1cept IN The vicinity Of the Villages. Ese1
sssa., :;SiI :Sssasss!s;dS {; h
BALKANS depend Icss npou The absolute Insight ant
lnacccssbitiy OF the mountalns theMBelyep thai
unon Tho courtcss obstacles Of delatl which aceum
lie during st4 OF ssvcn days march, and 10 In
crcnscd By Tho panc!ty aud bal condition Of ID,
| iinea or Communication. The Dalkan u aluos
uninhabted; its sides are coysErd with virgin for
css. and as, cYcu in tho ya}ltye, villages arc no
| NUMEROUS, the roads nru neglected. BotidoB, the]
ara in no instance car1.agcable; and alihQnRh ii
fhr plains north and south Of tho mountains wagon
| arc sonclItpcs used, the main tentie is hy borne
and nnck. mules. IL iS:at the Sultan yi.tS St,js
lii, and ,nndo use Of light velc.s dspwn By fou
| hursca. FOR which q road thirty rn!lrs long va
made EXPRESSLY through the sclfhka Va.s. 6as ii
lii suite, consisting 81 400 persons, wa- on horso
rsshs, While Governor Of thu Vllayrt Of thu Dan
ubO, repaired tic old lsonsan ronta frou. PaHout'
! IL Ifvxarttnm fbrfe are no good etrattktc comnt1
nieations oither Of odense u defense. ID the who'll
'Thn Il III operation Of any army Of tpyaefop wi
then neeo.s.riii b ths construction Of roads. III
!. Il. asr.sIT erisiinc rcrnsneni for;i0ca9,onr
Sa. msfeiJ o. estaelishment 81 aeid works an
Scrrrs mnst be onsoscd 1t msny noints. II not IL
inr Within thc lIrnita OF possibility 10 cpuctprat