The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1877-03-23

roar OF many waters mingled with the clatter
Of thousand wheels. One of the large rolls
Of web or lap that came from the last scutching
machine is placed OH a carding machine, which
takes and runs il
BETWEEN THE TEETH
of large and small cylinder for the purpose OF
drawing out the entangled fibers and laying
them parallel or in same line of direction and
also to remove the small pellicles. or notes
which may have escaped the action Of the
scutching machine. After being treated in this
way, comber or doffer takes the web from the
small cylinder, which is now delicate gauze
and it is gathered up and passed through
small hole, say half an inch in size, after which
It is coiled in a revolving can. The whole pro-
cess is one Of wonderful decacy, the material
being 80 finely worked that u breath of air
would break it. This card contains ninety thou
sand square teeth to foot or total of four
million one hundred and eighty-six thousand.
On the carding machine is a little joker that
works like some old man, raising the w:re-cov-
cred flats from the teeth of the carder, which
and coarse cotton left on them Six of the
TIN CANS, CALLED CARD sLIvEIs,
in which the roll is wound are now taken to
another machine called Drawing Frame and
run together into one Silver" These six are
so light that when they are passed together
through hole and made one, they fall into
another silver and are then no larger than one
of tho six from which it was made, although
they have not yet been twisted at all. Fourteen
of these cans full OF slivers are placed ut til,
"Lapper' and run between two rollers making
new web nine inches wide and half an inch
thick, which comes out like the original roll
frCm the scutching machine that takes the cot
ton from the bales, only that now il is soft and
delicate as is possible to conceive Weighing only
one hundred and forty-five grains to the yard
nine inchSs wide. 1t now goes in rolls to n
wonderful little machine, a French invention,
first introduced in this country by The Clark
Thread Company. 1t is a refined carding ma
chine, the product of which is as much superior
in fineness to the large carders just described
as the most elegant silk goods are to
THE CoARSEsT COTTON CLOTH.
II l. called the French cOmbing machine, and
is only used by the best thread-makers as it is
superior in quality, it adds twenty per cent. TO
the cost of manufacture. Six Of the rolls Of
webbing arc now passed together through the
combing machine between two rollers, end
combed by innumerable steel teeth to the fine
ness of gossamer and the thinness Ct a spiders
web. 1t passes on, is gathered into one soft
round silver again, goes through rollers
once more, when it is coiled into cans as before,
with loss Of twenty per cent. on the Me terial
which composed the web when it was Put on
the French machine. 1t Is a texture so fine
and soft that one cannot but wonder now it
bears its own weight. After the last process,
six of the sliyers are again put through tire
drawing frame making one silver no larger than
any OF the six from which 1t Is drawn.
Then six of these last are put through the same
process reducing them in size six times, and
adding that TO the length. This is repeated
three times, and each time they are coiled into
cans. The last silver is the same size and
weight as when the process began, although
doubled four hundred and thirty-fiye thousand
four hundred and fifty-six times. The last
cans are now taken to
THE FIRST sLUBDING FRAME,
from which cans they are passed through
rollers, then twisted To about the size of load
pencil, and wound on bObbins, all by the same
machine. From this they go to the second
slubbing frame, where one hundred and two
spndles on each machine are winding yarn
came from the first slubber, two threads being
wound upon one spool The next, or inferno
date, slubbing machine winds upon one hum
dred and seyenty-six spools, from three hun
dred and fifty-two bobbins, which came from
tie second slubber. The next and last is called
the rowing machine, and fills two hundred and
forty spOos, which came from four hundred
and eighty bobbns, from the intermediate Stub
bling machine. by this repetition of doubling
and twisting the yarn is fast becoming strong
and hard. We now follow the yarn called
'rOying" to the self-acting "mule, which
makes eight hundred and forty threads of yarn
from sixteen hundred and eighty bobbins This
wonderful machine, two OF which are operated
10y one man, draws ont the yarn ana twists
it from sixteen hundred and eighty spools.
when il comes away, and on its return winds it
on eight hundred cops (spo0ls) making the last
number Of thread yarn. We now come to
THE THREAD MILL,
which is q distinct and independent depart
meut. The cotton yarn comes here, and first
goes TO the cop of winding machines, where it
is run from the cops, through delicate balances,
over soft felt ground upon bobbin5, two threads
together upon one. From the cop winding de-
partmeut the bObbins go TO The singing de-
partment. where the two threads that were run
together on the spool, in the cop winding de-
partment, are twisted or spun III one thread.
The thread, as it Is unwound, runs through
water, and rapidly over glass guides, and the
bDDbln WHICH receives IL TcNOiNtS live
times per minute twisting hundreds of threads
on each machine. After being twisted two
threads together, making one hard thread,
three Of the latter arc again run together on a
bobbin, the same as III the first cop winding
department. Three of these now twisted
together, making six strands, and
THE PROCESS OF TWISTING THEM
is exactly the same as the one last described.
It is known as the finishing twisting depart
ment When the thread comes from the fin
ishing twisting department, it is inspected with
the greatest care 10y skillful persons and put
through several tests before passing the reel
ing department, TO be wound in skeins for the
bleach house. The machines in this depart
ment are very curious, and daily turn out vast
quantities of thread which is packed, and
given through ticket to the bleach and dye
houses. They measure off the threadinto skeins
of an exact length and size and when they
have reeled off just the right amount of yarn,
always stop, and. unlike some kind of yarners,
they never forget to tell the same story without
variations. Again, after coming from thereels,
THE THREAD Is CAREFULLY INSPECTED,
/ the work employing several girls, who cut all
| the rough and imperfect thread from the
! hanks. After this second inspection, we fiud
! it next at the bleach house The bleach and dye
! houses are among the most interesting depart
/ ments of this vast establishment, although not