New-York tribune., 1876-05-31
TIE TURKISH REVOLUTION.

THE GROWING pIsCoNTENT OF THE PEOPLE RECENT
DEMANDS OF THE soFrAs-THE DETHRoNED SUI
TAN's CAREER.
It has been apparent for some time that the reign
Of Abdul Aziz was about TO end The incapacty he
had shown in dealing with the disturbances through
ont his empire had occasoneG general discomfort The
populace at ConstannOple attributed the disasters
in herzegovina and the insolcnt bearing OF Russia
and Austria TO the weakness Of the Sultan and his
Ministers. The Sofas as the officials and attend
ants at the Mosques are called, were better III
formed on the situation, and saw that radical
measures were needed to revive the wanngp0Wer
Of Turkey. Accordingly two weeks ago they de-
manGed that the Sultan should change his Ministry
and call q National Council. EmbOidencd by the
respect paid TO their demands on that occasion, the
Softas last week called upon the Sultan to reduce
his civil list to 50 100000 and deposit T2oooo OOo
in The public treasury. They likewise demanded
that he should cease to be Caiph-tnat Is spiritual
head of the Mohammcdans. The alarmed monarch
yielded so far as to promise that he would advance
anv money needed to pay the Government officers.
This offer did not, however, satisfy the Softas who
have finally been satisfied only with the Sutans de
thronement.
Abdul Aziz Kahn-the dethroncd Sultan-was the
second son of the Sultan MahmOud Kahn, and
brother of Sultan Abdul Mediid lie was born Feb
O. 1880. and succeeded his brother June ., 1861.
He received a liberal education, spoke tiuently
French and English, and prior to coming to the
throne had managed model farm at ScutarI. Al
his accession the Sultan introduced several REFORMS
He reduced the civil list and promised equal rights
to all his subjects regardless Of creed. He reformed
the civil service and declaring that lie would have
only one wife he dismissed his harem. His deal
ings with foreign nations likewise began sat
isfactory lie recognized the Kingdom of
al ..tta VrTtn
both France and England. lie established
friendly relations with his vassal, the Viccroy of
Egypt. and reduced the Moutenegrins to dependence
The sultan continued in the carly years of his reign
to make a display of reform. lie changed the land
laws and allowed foreigners the right to hold real
estate i'm the Ottoman Empire In May, 1867, he
visited the Paris Exposition, and was received with
great splendor. He also went to London, and was
presented with the freedom of the city. The year
following he founded at the instance OF the French
2 Conncil of State which he inaugurated with
specch III favor of the regeneration of Turkey lie
established at the same time an imperial academy,
where Mohammedans and Christians were TO be
educated in common. Soon after he founded an
observatory at COnstantlnope. Pursuing ms work
of re form the Sultan made public in $50 the first
mart of a civil code, which he had directed the SUI
rreme Court of the Empire to prepare. From 1896
to 500 the Sutans reign was disturbed by the IN
srrrection in Crete, which, after stubborn resist
ance was finally Quelled. In July last revolt De-
gan i'm Herzegovina which has since become very
formidable. During the progress of hoSthtles the
three imperial Powers-Austria, Germany, and Rus
sia-proposed reforms TO which the Sultan reluct-
antly acquesced. The insurgents, however, refused
to accept the profered terms, declaring they would
be satisfied only with independence. Recently the
three Powers agreed upon q new basis of peace at
Berlin. which has not yet been formally pre-
sented to the Porte. The Sutas troubles were
lately increased by formidable revolt in Bulgaria,
and fauat.ca outbreak at Salonica resulting IN the
murder Of the German and French COnsuls lie has
likewise been embarrassed by the hostile attitude OF
Scrvia and Montenegro, both of which States are
friendly to the insurgents. Last year the Sultan
was unable TO meet the interest the public debt,
and proposed to suspend paying it for five years.
This act of national insolvency has been almost IA
tal TO Turkish credit in Europe In late years the
Sultan had departed from the wise policy with
which his reign began. He lived in great luxury,
souandered money on palaces and ironclads and ap-
peared Indifferent to the public veal. His successor
Nobommed Murad Effendi was born Sept. 81. 1870
He is nephew of Abdul Aziz, who vainly tried TO
have the law of succession altered so that his own
son mi ght succeed.
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