New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1876-03-04
APPLIED SCIENCE.

material of q variety of cOlors, may ne prepsaIe"'
suitable for bOOk-bmdngs, fancy boxes, eases, NC'
PREVENTION OF THE FREEZING OF FRUIT IN The
Bup.-The freezing of fruit in the bud, frequently
occasioned By few warm days succeeded Sy late
frosts il is said, may be prevented 10y spreading
thick layer Of frozen manure, or Of ice OF snow
around the trees in February Or March. while the
ground is firmly frozen. The buds will thus be Kept
back since the ground will tbaw more slowly, and
the roots convey DO nutTment to the tree. Mhcn
trusts are longer ~ be feared the covering ShOulu
be removed
RAPDrTY OF FmTRAION.-Dr. Fleitmann has
called attention to the fact not generally known
sIat contrary 10 what at first sigat might be eA-
peeted, filtration is much more rapid through thlck
paper than through thin and that 1t is almost twice
as rapid through double filter as through single
one. and still more rapid through triple one. lie
SAYS that lac has taken advantage OF THIS iact I"I
number of years by employing IN qnantltallye AhaIy-
filter Of heavy paper beneath the thln one oi
Swedish paper.
STRENGTH OF GUNPowDER.-Int the course Of some
experiments made by the permanent Austrian Com
mittee il is noted that the Austrian prismatic pow
der has smaller kernel aud lesser density than
that ordinarily employed in Prussia for sixnch can
non; and the result of the experiments made with
this powder shows that the maximum pressure e1-
erted by il upon the common bal amounts 10 Zo5U
atmosPheres, being about 200 atmosphercs, or 3uuo
developed by the PTusoian prismatic powder.
SMOKE AS PROTECTION AGAINST FRosT-The
production of artificial clouds of smoke is common
appliance against frost ia France and Germany.
Mons Wizard has recommended plan which is pei
fectly successful, and which consists III carefully
mixing gas tar with sawdust and old straw, and
piling up this mixture in large heaps in the vine
yards. The mixture remains infammable more than
afortuight in spite of rain and weather. When re-
QuiEed far smaller heaps made from the large
ones about two feet in diameter, and dist lbuted ~
and around the vineyard. III there Is little wind
these heaps burn freely for about three aad han
hours aud produce very SouSe smoke. Inc aItl-
fetal cloud which thus enwrapS the vines consider
ably decreases the radiation fiom the ground, and
therefore prevents frost, which is greatest toward
morning during calm Spring nights
BLEACHED IsINGIAss.-0n account OF the prefer
cnce shown by consumers generally for thin white
isingass the inferior dark aud bloody samples are
bleaehed chemically at St. Petersburg and sold as OF
first quality, although it has naturally ycl!owish
east. According to Kattus, il has been eStahlshet
by experience that the bleaching impairs its ad-
hesiveness aud clarifying power and since the
bleaching agent is never entirely removed it may
also very easily affect wine injuriously when used
for clarifying it, and it may prove even more 0bJec
tionable for medicinal and culinary purposes, al
Though preferred to the natural isnglasS account
Of its color. Besides, only b.eaeHed ilugaSs eau re
sdulteraled with gelatinC and recently an ilrpurc
article of this kind has been largely manu- aetuIet
which can scarcely be distinguished from the
beaehed and bat slightly 0palescent genuine article,
while the AStrachan iSingass, even when sniied OF
dark aud bloody is fully effective the bleacrd.
The chief characteristics of the genuine article are
Its freshness Of appearance and peculiar opaeScenee
CARTRIDGES TOR THE DESTRUCTION or FIELD
NICE BY FUMIGATIoN.--Accorling to DIR. Nessler,
the cartridges recommended for destroying field
mice by fumigation may be prepared by dissoyine
. orte Of m rte Of
mixing well with 1t 30 parts Of sswdust and parts
of coal-tar and drying in the air This powder may
then he made up with staTeh-paste 10 parts OF
starch to 80 of water iuto mass that can he
formed INTO rods about o. of inch thick and one
inch long which should be well dried aud sprinReG
with melted sulphur. The mixing Of the powder anG
making up Of the mass with staTeb-paste il
readily accomplished in petroleum barrel contain
inc 10 10 ~ One-pound iron balls, aud capable o.
beng rotated on axis passing through il length
wise. The rods may be formed most rapidly by
pressing the mass in Sheet-TOn mOlds having uUn'.
Der Of compartments Of the proper size. Several
thousand il Is said, can be mace by pactlced hand
IN hour. After drying they should be spread out,
and by means of broom sprinkled with fused sui
phur.
SIMPLE DYNAMOMETER.-Dr. Hamilton Of the Long
Island College Hospital mentions that, having
necessity for dynamometeT for theraptutical pur
poses he devised the following construction glass
tube dips into a bulb of pure india-rubber. The
ilteri0r Of the bulb is filled with COlOred water
which. by pressure upon the bulb, is forced up in
THE tube, the upper part Of which is filled with air
which is tn reby compressed. Attached to the tube
scale whose divisions represent pounds. As
fteen pounds pressure 10 The square inch required
10 compress the gwen body Of air 70 one-half It's
volume. of course that amount of force brought to
bear np0n the bulb will press the column Of water
baf way up the scale. This apparatus, beside the
advantage Of simplicity, cheapuesS aud great accu-
raey, has the further convenience that the bulb re-
eeiviug the pressure Is of convenient shape, and
can be used by persons of large or small hands.
Again, the bulb is adapted 10 receive pressure eX-
egfea by all the hexOys of the hands aud finally the
She action Of the muscles is the same at different
times, the saIUe group OF muscles beng always
brought into play that correct comparative tests
nlay be made from day to day
ELECTRICAL ILLUMINATION OF FACT0RIEs.-Iu
spite Of the recent improvements in magneto-elec-
tSic machines especially that of GTamme, electrical
illumination in factories has not displaced that by
oil OF gas to any extent. The Gramme machine has,
however been introduced, with satisfactory results,
fnto an establishment in Williamson The room
Illuminated is 1876 feet by % feet. Foar lamps.
Serr,i's PLAN properly distributed, employed,
each tau by separate msgneto-electric machine
requiring about 2s-hOrse power to work it. The
casloa points need changing every three hours. The
cost for the four lamps per hour is about 20 cents
During two months of no dminution of intensity
Las been noticed, and the illumination afforded has
bon steady and superior in brlancy 20 that from
aiy other source The magneto-electrc machines
eoss about $500 apiece. or the four arranged,
3lete abOut 81 800. Labeulagc gives the following
table of the comparative cost If this and other
Consumption per Cost per hour
hour i0r1 siesrin for 7o0stsarin
Sessrce ertigbL cSndieLghL eandlc-hght
Iiectreity, by magnetic