Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1876-10-06

Moael AobltasiOUS.
TIE living space Is assumed To be 90 ar
"a s1 S 5ags more than twenty ave
Is calculated as the densest Population that
could be safely housed. The houses In which
e. ch acre or land can receive ave bouses,
and each house can receive q family OF ave
persons. The houses are built three, or At
confined TO fifteen feet In height. by which
means the great evil OF tall, overshado wing,
der sely packed human warehouses Is pre-
vented: The houses are built on solid arches
of brick. work, SO that where in other towns
there are areas and kitchens there are here
sueways through which the air flows freely,
OF water are carried away. The streets of
the city, vide, owing to the lowness of the
houses, well lighted and thoroughly venti-
lated, are laid also on archways s, and beneath
each OF the main streets 10 q rail way by
which all the heavy traflc OF the place IL
carried on. The streets are planted on each
shrubs and evergreens. They are paved
with wood, set in asphalt, and the side pave
ments, which are everywhe ten feet wide,
have Q slight incline towards the streets,
and the streets have an incline from their
centsrs towards the margins OF the
every day, through side-openings, iuto
the subways, the washings being con-
veyed with the SEWAGE to q destination
apart from the city. Thus the streets every
wht re are dry and clean, free alike OF pools
and open drains. The spaces at the backs Of
The houses are gardens, which gardens are
dTen have good play grounds at home. The
gardens are planted with trees and ever
eiet ms; but nothing is wanting to give facili-
ties to the children for health ful exercise and
play. Practically the houses stand In gar
dets, for the streets with their evergreen
ioliage and cleanlv kept, dry walks are also
central thorougnfare. The intrOd uction of
subways beneath the houses does away Al
together with those underground aves call
ed areas, kitchens and cellars, In which in
bad imitation OF the primitive cave dwell
1pg savage men, SO many thousands OF our
INDUSTRIOUS people now vegetate. The sub
tant service. All pipes are conveyed along
the subways and enter each house from
beneath. The mains of the water pipes are
carried along the subway. The supplies OF gas
and water enter from the basement of each
mouse, and are at every moment within the
supplies Of water and of gas are constant
ard II there be an escape OF either within the
house the owner can separate them at the
from side opening OF the wall In that part
OF the house. Beneath the floor Of the sub
way lies the sewer Of the house. The sewers
house. Into each sewer which Is well flush
ed and ventilated, there are convenient en-
frances by which they can be inspected, and
make repairs or remove distractions. The
subway thus becomes q very important part
OF the construction Of the house. II not only
damp from beneath, but 1t leaves Q convent
ent space In which all repairs connected with
water supply, gas supply, and sewerage can
house begins on the level Of the street, and
the walls of the houses are built of q brick
which Is not porous, and which therefore
Kinds of common brick viii take up as M.
Chadwick has found, q pound weight of
water. A roughly built, exposed cottage
during short season OF heavy wet may take
when the dry weather returns, is
csried in vapOr into the warm rooms,
creating damp as persistent as In
evils from damp of which consumption OF
the lungs is the most prominent form. To
avoid the dangers from this cause the bricks
quite impermeable to water. The bricks
are perforated, at the end of each Is q wedge
like opening, and all the openings COM
mupicate. The walls therefore, are honey
combed, and into them q body OF air con-
stantly circulates, which air can be warmed
from the fre-grates of the house. The walls
tile, and can be washed down as an earthen-
ware vessel Is washed. The color OF the
walls is gray, as rule. The mortar and
the timbers emn,oved in the bniIain1s a s S
rendered free of moisture. Sea salt, SO COM
mon an Ingredient of mortar made from sea
crossed the sea, and SO efficient an absorbent
OF water, is carefully excluded.
The most radical improvements In our sys-
tenn OF model habitations lie In the arrange
ment Of the roofs and the Kitchens. In the
houses of the present day the Kitchen is at
the basement, while the upper part Of the
house no Is carefully sealed down by the roof
bic, and 1t may be, foul and dangerous
vapors from the Kitchens and lower Offices
asct nd TO the upper rooms aud passages Of
f,,es hao inf ca1f int
inverted bell jar filled with water ascend TO
the upper part Of the jar, d'splacing the
water. In our model houses the risks from
this cause are avoided by placing the kitchep
at the top Of the house, Immediately beneath
the roof. The Kitchen acts as ventilating
cha mber, into which all the air from the
through the chimney and ventilator OF
which the air finds ready exit. Thus the
house is kept free Of the odors OF the lower
regions, and Ia ventilated at all times with
fresh air derived from without and warmed
by its passage through the honeycomb heat.
ed walls. The position Of the Kitchen at the
other advantages than those just stated.
From the kitchen there is distributed
throughout the house constant supply Of
dishes have to be carried down instead OF up
stairs; the light dishes only have TO be car
ried up stairs. The kitchen is perfectly
readily detected. The scullery, which lies
off the kitchen, communicates with the dust
bin shaft, and from every floor of the house
distinct communication, by sliding door
Is made with the same shaft. A sink also
exists on every floor for receiving waste
water, SO that the plan of carrying the heavy
slop- pail from floor to floor is dispensed with
roof OF the house. The roof, which is fat. or
nearly SO, on the exterior surface, is coated
with asphalt, and, being barricaded with q
light iron paIisadine, makes an airing ground
or drying ground, or even q garden ac-
cording to the taste or the requirements of
the owner. The smoke from the chimneys
shaft, SO that the air is kept clear OF SCOT
dust, and pure blue sky overhead is OBJ
secured only by the curtain Of cloud which
nature, In her grand designing, sees 1t wise
sometimes to impose.-(G Good Words.