The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1876-04-09

tic result " SUCH nc ion Many ~ the rational. |
lists LIT the synagogue and embraced Chris
tilnity
Jacobson WIS not DISCOURAGED Determined
that the movement should rot die with MIN. he |
sncnt - hundred thousand thaler, ~ establish
ing ttaininn college Tor ministers " the new
school, ana lived tu see u produce good fruit.
In 1879 the Jewish fcmple Mt Hamburg was
opened bV DR.. Salamni n le rncd ana eloquent |
preacher. The liberal movemyut increased with |
the growing opportunities Afforded the jew II
Youth for improved sectlit educ III ~, ami H.
NV common throughout the continent OF Eu-
rope.
THE ENGLISH JEWS.
The nrst at empt at svnaeogue reform I'm Eng
land was I'm 1894. when a committee Of the great
svnaUo9 In London, through Mr., nitetward
SIR Isaac l.; Goldsmid, Bart, alarmed at the
small and slill waning Attendance In the syna-
gO9ue. urged the necessity Of some moderate
chsnees "a to the r'adin9 Of the service. witch
Sir Isaac LYON jioldsmil, and several other
prominent London Jews. formally mcmOrl lizeh
thr ecclr-iasiicnl authorities TOR reforms, ana
renewed their demands az Intervals. with
SUGGEST until IN lStl, finding that the ultra
single point, - 'cdrd and organized as an indie
Icndent congregation. Ihey called themselves
Ali Heorew congregations were then classed
either M "spanish aud Portuguese Jews or
"Germ'n and Polish Jews," as re II, orthodox
conrtcyat Ions to-day. Tue spanish and Portu-
gcse" congregations are for the most part de-
scendants ~ the Jews OF those countri"s, WIN,
with the Moors, were expelled by FERDINAND
and Isabella, among these cxes being many of
the noblest families " TIE old Saraccn emnirc.
They are known ~ y IftUffWs n " AIne IHNn-
TONED nv the prophet Ooadian, anu supposed TO
mean Spain, According - M ancient tradition,
mentioned nv 81. jerome, Sphtfdfm IL Identical
with the Rosphorus. Tue principal trine W the
BosDhorus were tue lberIans who. cOIonlzine
Spain, gave II the niinc OF the iterian penin,
slla The S'phdrdin Jews, nesdcs being found
IN / rgc NUMBERS in syria, II ", Turkey, ASIA,
and North Africa. nave syn Cog, % IN London,
Manchester, Amsterdam, Paris, III amburg, Jcru-
salem. Cape Town, CURACAO, st. Thomas, New
York. Philadelphia, savannah. Charleston, and
W orleans. Their pr yer-boos Il not quite
q Il that n4pu other orthodox Jewish
congresaiions md their pronunciation 81 the
Hebrew language differs from that Of the Ger.
man md Polish Jews fnuCh ~ the Com mental
ana the oxford pronunciation vi L.tn ana
Greek dircr the pronunciation Of the Sphfdim
being considered the more classical The GER
man and Polish Jews are sometimes ctlled Ash
kenuztm, Ashkena1, mont nod N the Biole ~
a son OF JAphet (see Genesis X, g. and by Jetc-
miah en- H.. Y. 81. being tue name Of one ~ tho
Asintic tribes which came from ncyond the
! Taurus ana settled IN Germlny and Scandinavia
the new con trecAtion In London e heh tnem-
! selves British jews" for tnS purpose % more
/ easily uniting win inemeers ol other von-,esa-
| lions who might wish 10 JOIN them. Ih,y alopt-
! ed the = ph1riim pronunciation OF the Hentew
most 81 the founders being 81 tnat Genuinina.
! ton. hlr, now the Rev Professor Marks, was
engaged as minister and waa intru-ted with the
revision Of the PRAYER book, aud IN 1872 the nrst
English reformed synAsORue was opened IN
Burton street lts steady mere - OF member
| shtp HIS Obliged the congregation twice 70 en-
| large their lintts. and they now orcupv In Up
| per Berkeley street the largest and handsome-t
! synagogue In ENGLAND Among tue congr'ra-
! tinn arc many person. distinguished IN the
| learned professions, and four members
| OF the House OF Commons. brunch
congregation l. established in Manchester aud
| there H. another IN the south " LONDON. From
the former comes the Rev Dr. Gptthel OF Tenn
pie Emmanuel In this city. synaeogues on the
| or book have sprung up In the United states
Canada. the West indies. Australia, ami the
duced into the London .ynoRoshe by Prot
Marks consist Of such changes As the shortening
Of the services the omission of obsolete PRAYERS
bre thing mourning and despair, or unworthy
sentiment prompted b. oppression ana perse
cution. and l'na reohlnical dls.er' ,uons. lhe
| Introduction OF the English sermon thc con.
hrm tlon OF boys and eiris. ana the anOlitioh 81
fAsts aud festivals for which the nlole gi'rs NJ
authority. nave been ad"p'rd hy the reformed
congreg atoms of America, chief OF winch Is
temple Emmanuel
TifE MOVEMENT Is THE UNITED STATES.
The Jewish reform movement began IN the
/ United It ties ABOUT the > me time ~ 10 did IN
England; but while the British jews. with char
/ actcristir conservatism. have remained satisfied
with doing little more than reforming abuses IN
| the ftuAl. the advanced J0ws % tins country,
imbued with the telchin1s " the more radical
German tneologsns: nave eradlca.ei many
characteristics OF Old synagogue worship. such
as the covering OF the head. the wearing OF the
tdiith, aud the separation Of the sexes. Inc
ur-t reformed temple In tho United states was
opened in Charleston. 5. c.. whore tho inges
consi ted mainly inthe iniroanciion OF an organ,
.ubsttuti,n Of English for hebrew HYMNS.
The germ Of the present Temple Emmnnuel con.
greg Ation WAS = hand OF tutrtv-tnree persons
who in 1916 hired n room. which was consc-
Grated a. q ~Vnt-oguc. and Do. Lud~iv 'lcr1-
Datntr was eng sEtu as ulllN w. III i'tf ht1
houcht A church and changod II iuto temple,
introduced an organ and CONFIRMATION Tor nom
hovs and girls ana org inized "A S1hhath 4ool IN
1884 they occupied larger tom ole, the women
gallery tan oriental institution was abolished
and pen ana women sat together Tor me hrs'
time n AN American syn gogue; the talith was
discarded, the secOnd-day festivals were
omitted and the prayer nook was revised nv Dr
Morzbacher, all referen ics 10 an actual return 70
Jerusalem being rxpunged. In 1854 the Easter
habit OF covering the head while At PRAYER vi a
done away With the marriage aud funeral cere
, monies modified IN accordance Win ln'
code adopted by conrlave OF Gerinla rab Oln-
in 1876 and in 1858 the congregation to * posses
/, sion OF their handsome temple in fifth avenue
, NEW York PRESENTS EVERY PHASE or BELIEF
Probably In no other city Ia the world are TIT
various phases OF Jewish ritutlistic revolution
, so fully illustrated ~ IN the synaeogues OF New
, In Allen and Ludlow streets vs. md the ultra
= rabbinists. the RussO-POles, who begin tbei
| Sabbath services soon after sunrise, chAntlnl
, them aloud. without any musls.l accountant
a mcnt. VITO mourn and beat their breasts on &C
c count II their cruel persecutlqn, ana prny II, 10
Just as their ancestors did two thous nj We r
ago. Incy would deem II impious 10 change q
= omit single word OF the service, No matter ho'
n uusuited It may he 10 their present condition.
y In FortX-fourth street Is the eonHeTpa i,,o
II Jews, OF whlch the Rev. >. NJ. Isaics Is che
O. minister a large proportion OF tho member
!, are native Americans or Of English descen. W hil
4 orthodox In all tbs essentials OF medieval Judi
r ism, the Sabnath services do not begin unit
i nine o'clock, there Is a sermon IN English, a.
" t'.ery Is a choir OF male voices. On lOm HI
- ptr. day OF humiliation, PRAYER and rirl
In ia .tinQ winch IL observed by all Jews but n
e rationalists, many VI the AsikeHdzim, 70 remlii
J. thenmors yiyidly OF the great ard awful ia
nj of Judgment, OF which IL Ia symbohcal, We,
l. their grave clothes IN the synagogue ana recl
r the service for the dying. :,
ir In West Nineteenth street IL the Sph1ldl
congregation Shearith Israel OF whirh the re
J. Mr. Lyons is chief minister. The S'phdidim d
ID NOT wear the shrOud on i0m kippur, cut IN Il
ID other respects are as faithful to tho rahninic
a traditions a. their brethren In FortV-iourl
III street. In Mr.. Lyons's congregation there
ID probably larger proportion OF naive Amer
Is cans and Englishmen than IN am synagogue
4, this city. ,
a The next representative congregation In q
scale IL B'nli .Iesnurun, III Wcst lhirty folr1
10 street when IS in state Of transition netwe'
rh the orthodoxy Of ShaaTai ephila and the a.
I'd | yanced refor N Of remple l. Emanuel. It's mi
as ister Is the Rev. Henry S. Jacobs, late predc
I. er in the Nineteenth street synagogue, II
sd | f1huh or resding desk, which IN all orthod,
r synagogues faces the hdychOl, or ark, cnnt,i
rn | ing the scrolls OF the law, na, been rem wed
~ make room for pcws. In which men nnu won
os | stt together. There are an organ and females
u tho choir, but the men wear their mats durl
re service and many wear the tdtuh. me pray
rs book used ia a modification OF the old Germ
IS and Polish ritual.
a.. Tho extreme OF reform IA represented by Eel
il pie Elm manuel, the ritual OF when has been
~ ready described.
In ali OF the synagOgues the services are mo
or less IN Hebrew-in the orthodox congrel
A., tons entirely so.
I'D 1t will be seen that much diversity Of opint