davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
A REVERE.
The Devil in a Good humor.

Satan was walking the floor of one Of
his regal halls, his usually sedate face
looking careworn and troubled. HIS
Majesty was not happy. A messenger from
earth was announced
Where have you been What news
Tell me Of matters that do not get into
the papers. What have you seen r.
IL have seen beauty surrounded BY
luxury. oh so beautiful her eyes
beamlng with splendor, rlvaling the flash
ing Jewels on her snowy neck At her
feet kneeled manly worth. But she slew
him with a knocking laugh. Later | saw
her Keeling home from a social gathering
to a den of vice.
Satan smiled.
Il saw a merchant, c4reworn and bag
gard, pouring over his cash book at mid
night. tie was rich, but the thirst Of gold
possessed his soul | saw his wife in her
majestic home, but oh so very tired ,
Tears flowed like rain as she thought Of
the time when she was his world. Now
she seldom saw him. She was dying Of a
broken heart.
Satan smiled.
II saw purse-proud, shoddy aristocrat
pass poor beggar on the street, and have
in church heard him say, ''The poor We
always have with you"
Satan smiled.
81 saw an overworked and an under
paid clerk steal from his employer that
proud, extrsvagsnt wife might dress to
rival the wife of his master"
Satan smiled.
81 saw the daughter of a shoddyite snub
a gifted young lady because her father was
m honest mechanic.
Satan smiled.
II saw a bankrupt riding In his carriage.
while poor man whom he had swindled
out Of hard earned earnings had a house.
gained BY honest toll, sold over his head. y
Satan smiled.
II saw doctor, whose education end
ed quarter of a century ago, visit the
sick with a pair of horses in hand"
Satan smiled.
Il saw q minister with oiled locks and
velvet hands-those hands stained with
many vice-take money from poor
woman whose children had no shoes.
Satan smiled.
II saw a woman, high i'm station. send
ing money over the seas to educate the
heather, while poor widow,-her next
door nelgh0oT-had no bread for her child
rem nor clothes in which to send them to
school
Satan smiled.
II saw q bank officer who. drawing
Opulent friends into his confidence. IN
duced them to enter into q speculation
from which they retired without dollar"
Satan smiled.
Il have seen the same bank officer mr.
chase and hold the properties of the dnpes
whom he has defrauded."
Satan smiled
Il have seen that bank officer-a pillar
in the church-praying for kindness and
charity toward all.
Satan smiled.
81 have seen an editor 20 poor that he
was sneered ~ on the streets by shoddv-
ties because he dared advocate the truth
and would not pander to public vice."
Satan smiled.
81 saw an editor who fioated in distrust.
ed consideration to the scum and gloss Of
public opinion grow rich while his fingers
were soiled by dishonest gains"
Enough for to-day - cried Satan. ssGo
lack and report further"
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

A gentleman caught a negro carrying of
some Of his fancy poultry the other night.
What are yon doing with my chickens :" he
yelled 81 wuz gwine fur to fetch EN- back,
boss, Dere's a niger 'roun' here who's bin
'sputin long wild me bout dem chick'ns. |
say dey wus Coachin' Chyniz, an he said de
WINS Alabamar pullets, an | wus ies' takin
'eun roun' fer ter 'stAblish my nolledge. Dey
don't lay no aigs, does dey, boss. IF dey
does. I'm mighty shamed er hustlin' Nv EN-
roun'. Aigs is scase.
Speaking of bathing" said Mrs. Parting
ton, from behind the steam that arose from
her tea, as a veil to her bushes when touch.
ing upon upon so delicate a subject, ''some
can battle with perfect imburity in water Al
cold as Greenland's icy mountain and India''
coral strands, buf for my part prefer to have
the water a little torpid"
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

The Pacific Mail Steamship Company.
steamer City of Pekln lately made the re.
variable passage from Yokohama to San
Francisco, . distance Of 5000 miles, in IF.
teen days. This-is q daily average of 337
miles, or fourteen knots per hour, and
brings Liverpool, via the Pacific Railroad
and North Atlantic steamers, within thirty
days Of China.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
'hanges Of their property and productions,

hanges OF their property and productions,
provided they could give to the Govern
nent Zone hundred cents worth " labor
Tor each dollar. He farther says
Figures show that it does not take over
s6OO, 1000, 600 Of our present currency M
transact the business II the country Tba
emaInder lies idle III the United states
Treasury and national banks. II We snb-
ract this 5000, 900, 900 from 81 200 OOO .
'OO, we shall have $500, 900 900 not being
leeded % carry On business, and will pass
nto she United States Treasury. IT,
government will have no use for thi.
hohey-lt cannot invest it 50 il will bring
= anything and so it must be idle IN tbe
treasury, while tho Government NJ w.
lected to pay interest on il. Nov. ana M
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
IRON MOULDERS' INFORMATION a

IL UNION Headquarters. Cincinnati Ohio.
Wa II. sAHEIN. President ock box Is45, Cincinnati
Ohio.
PxTkR J. MkASKY Treasurer. - sumrait t.. Brook.
Ign, NY.
JAS CARROLL, First Vice President, New York citv.
THOMAS CASEY, Second Vice President boz I7O Mont
gomery, Ala
Joms H. DANCE. Third Vice President, box 7Os
Toronto, Ont.
Y. B. OsLER, Fourth Vice President, box sO2, Sac
rumento. Cal
jour v. LEAHV, Recording Secretary, Little Falls,
New York-
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
DRICKLAYERs UNION. No. /. OF IN
CARPENTERS.

A LBANY, \. Y.-CARPENTERS' AND
IN JOINERS' UNION. Alfred Guy, pres; simo
Grattan. lst vice pres; Peter Blake 81 vice pres
James Penders treas; John j. Fitzgerald, rec sec.
Richard Doyle, fin. Sec. Andrew Shannan asst. fn
secy. Richard d. Power, Sec, lSs Green st., A
bany, N. N.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
AEACHINISTS AND BLACkSMITHS
NA INTERNATIONAL UNION Headquarters-

Cleveland, Ohio. JoHE FEHRESEArcH President, lock
box First Vice Pres Lewis O. Wilcox, Buffalo, N, "
Second Vice Pres, Richard Swami. New Orleans. La
THIRD Vice Pres, William II. Hartman, Altoona Pa
Fourth Vice Pres, james w. Leve-ley, Toronto Ont
Treas. Fred. p. NcFeely, Middlet0wn, N. W. Sec a
the Ins Dep, William r. Upright, Syracuse, N W;
Judiciary Committee, Duncan Dewar IndiAnApolis Ind
j. j. Hlinxworth Utica, n. ~, Robert EaniN Warren
Pa James 8. Graham, Rochester. n. "; W. D. ~,
Iantine, Savannah, Ca; John Munre. Buffalo n .
s. r. A. Van Solver, NorwAlk. o.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.

A SSOCIATED BROTHERHOOD OF
IA IRON AND STEEL HEATERS, ROLLERS AND
ROUGHERS. -Manon Lodge meets South and
Tennessee SITS, 1st and 81 Saturday evenings Of each
month. ORFCEKs-Amer ]. Funk. ". $. John New
man. ". w. s.: VIM II. Morris, r. 5 PATH X Ward.
+. S.. Edward Honnon, O. G.; John Schreger W. B
John Berry, P. s; Henry kepple, W. c.; Mike Co
grove, |. G.. John Berry, d. VS..
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
NO CURE! NO PAYl
COburn Medical Institute,

III South Clark street, Chicago The OLDEST IN.
sIiIO TON IN the United States chartered ex pressy
for the cure ~ PRIVATE, CHRONIC and SPECIAL
diseases Of 10th staff q Eminent Professors
M attendance
Book Tor either sex, two stamps.
Please mention this paper in your application.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
TNTERNATIONAL TYPOGRAPHICAL

THE HOUSE CARPENTERS EIGHT
~ HOUR LEAGUE, AND SHOP 80 s or
UNITED MECHANICS.-Meet az their hail, 4l7 Buss
street. San Francisco Cal, the first Monday evening Of
zach month. Ofheers art Uuriah b. Thomas w. NJ
n > fendleton. lst Foreman Ham Stewart III Fore
E-O. Andrews. y. 3.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

SUMS As SMALL As ONE D0LLAil
Gn be received from any person. and Bank Book ~u
furnished without charge.
Married Women
Ard Minor Children may DEPOSIT mCDsy, thai NJ
Jne else draw It
May deposit MOney from time 70 time and before mas
ng the first Deposit may Provide BY Vote h"~ and by
Whom II snail be drawn out anil, aOsded copy -
the Resolution be furnished 10 the Savings BAnkr 2"
money will be paid unless rs provisions are s1reth
implied with
Whether Foreigners OF Citizens, have the rights AZ
a. Property and ia case o. Death money u tn
.eiit viii be paid 10 their Legal represe.;ir wbctl
Or they are IN this country or elsewhere
Printed forms ~ Wills have been prepared BY the Cou
ei Of tho savings bank that any deIsEtor may legally
iesate some one who may take charge II his nones
aud property and be guardian Of his children - Gaze a
as Heath. Thus much Inconvenience and expense MAJ
% avoided An officer % the savings bank t~ith"ut Any
.hArge for h. scTvicss prepares VII tor shy des't'
applying
Il the rate Of six per cent per annum, pad g g
lums u Five Dollars or more.
working People
seed not lose any time, as thu savings Bark , ksp
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

DAUGHTERS OF ST. CRISPIN. OFF.
- eerS for the ensuing year.. O. D.-Mias Nancy
MhitInore, Rochester, g. @. D. Mr~. Della Mckay
Stoneham lSt c. D.-Miss Mary Weaver; 2nd q ~
MIS- kAue Stanton, Louisville, Ky: "a o. D-Mi.s
Maggie Sotspke, Rochester, G.. S.-Miss Esther Bell
balumorei u: T--Mns Eliza Rogers Lynn Mac
Al correspondence bus,ness Of the order should he
addressed 70 Miss E'ncy Whitmore, " g. D. No q
s1,ey BLOCK Rochester, N. r., 70 Esther Bell s.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28
Dr.JAMES
LOCK HOSPITAL,
CORNER

l LOCK HOSPITAL,
a CORNER
u washington 1 Franklin.
! Chartered by the
4 state uf Illinois for
" the express purpose
n of giving immediate
relief in all cases Of
private. chronic and
urinary diseases in Al
their complicated
forms ltia we'll
|. kHowHthat DIR james
has stood NJ the head
N Of the prOfes ion Tor
experience are att inl.
" EAkN ESS, night
inc lace, lost manhood,
aides wanting the most
lite. Pleasant home for
lillion Marriage Guide.
W diseases VINO should
no pay postage DF
arlur. You zee no one
. "a
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

(NOOPERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION
" Of North America .- Headquarters, Room o. No
9l4 Seneca street, Cles Gland, o.
THoMAs HnnsnM@, President and Treasurer, 90
Scott st., West Side Cles Gland d
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

A SSOCIATED BROTHERHOOD OF
N IRON AND STEEL HEATERS, POLLERSAND
ROUGHERS. -Headquarters - Bethlehem, North&mp-
ton Co. Pa Adam W. Schaela. W. q. -, Bethlehem /;
Benz. y. Spangler, @. X. 5 Springfield, H. ; Isaac
Williams, Treas.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

~ ATlONAL LABOR UNION-Or0anized
~ August 20, 1865
RICHARD TREvELLIGK, President, Fisher Block De.
rOit. -' mn
HoRAcE H. DAY, First Vice President New York
e BES. JOHNSON, secretary Tamaaua Pa
A. C. CAMERON, Treasurer B21 West Madam .tr.~s
Chicago. S''
Executive Committee A @. Cameron. M frb,c.go Wv
j. sVlVs. Of Sunbury, Pa. NJ W. Field Detroit Mich
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

MINERS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
wi General office Of the Miners National Association
JOHN SINEY, President. JOHN JAMES, General Sec'y
, Address all communications 10 John James, Room No
L. No. 9A Seneca street, Cleveland, Ohio, and they
will receive prompt attention
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

HEADQUARTERS OF CIGAR MAKERS
Ill INTERNATIONAL UNION OF AMERICA
Cleveland Ohio
ADDRESS EXECUTIVE BOARD
GBoRsL HUKsr, President, P. o. Box 63, Suhield
Conn
WI. MILLKR, lst Vice President Syelnore St. be
tween Elm Al d Maple 81. Walnut Hills, Cincinnati
L. P. RDHSER, I'd Vice President, So Pine Street. hal
timore, Md
Jonx j. JuSSIo, Ere ident c ". s. a.. % New YORK
~ Cedar St, Syracuse, New York.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

L. - President J. ". Smith, "a College It., Spring
field, Ill., lst President, Charles Rnsencranz, New
York city 81 Vice-Pr=~ident b. ODonnell. ~ South
Sth street, Philadelphia, Pa Secretary 5. g. Hougen
dobler, 202 ). Ninth g., Philadelphia Pa. Treasurer
J. W. Warner, New York city.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-28

IOURNEIMEN TAILORS UNION OF
- Chicago, meels every Monday evening at O'Clock
- their hall, % Dearborn ST., Madison st. PreS
dent, HerTy kesser Vice President, j. Lorentz Rec
and Cor. Seey. Charles Danger, POS p, rtand avenue
Financial Secretary, c. Stone Treasurer, 49,
Rasenof.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-14
WILLIAM H. EARLE


HATED EACH OTHER AZ FKnmx GIoHr.
Among the annoyed and dripping psdem-
trians who sought the mid of u street car.
to help shorten the way home. was 4 man
with gray locks and an old maid With
bean cAtchers and fnlae teeth. They
seemed to hate each other mt irnt aiRhS.
for he vas hardly beside her when he
grOwled:
IF you women didn't wear bustIea
there'd be twice M mHeh rpom In the
p "If men didn't sit cross-leeged, thsrs'd
be three times a. much room Y she snapped
in reply.
"If / was woman l wouldn't be CAD
ding around with the rain pouring down
in this way, he remarked.
"Yes you would. IL you were a
woman you'd want co 20 out and show
those feet :"
He drew his No. lis under the seat,
flushed up little, and growled
They are not false, like some folks
teeth"
"No; and they don't turn up quite az
much AZ some peoples noses I" she an
swered
He Was silent for a time, but presently
recovered himself, and went on
Thirty years tgo women got along
without paint, powder, bustles, straps,
buckles, and nonsensicAl fixings.
Thirty years ago, she promptly re-
piled, ''it was q rare thing to see man
come out Of saloon wiping his mouth on
his thumb -
He didn't say anything more, but he
wondered if abe wasn't looking out the win
dow when he signaled the car.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-14

they were forced to do %. They are more
likely to oct i'm the spirit of nm employer,
who once said 10 tho author, That fellow
is worth pound s-wsek 10 We, % / give
him eighteen shillings." ''StiIl more, :"
says J. 8. Mil, might your labourers who
have to do with rich employers remain
long without the amount OF wages which
the demand for their labour would Justify,
unless, in vernacular phrase, they stood
out for 10 and how can thay stand out for
terms without organized concert ! What
chance would any lAbOurer have who
struck singly for an advance of wages
How could he ever know whether the state
Of the market admitted OF q rise except by
consultation with his fellows naturally
leading 10 concerted action"
Even If o strike fail it not only shows
that the men have capacity, willingness,
and power TO combine in such . way that
masters viii often hesitate ere they renew
the encounter but, paradoxical as il may
appear, m unsuccessful strike sometimes
succeeds. Suppose there has been loLg
and terrible dispute, like tie recent one in
the agricultural districts, but those engAg-
cd in II have been obliged to return e.
work without the advance which was at
first sought. Can it be doubted that their
praiseworthy pertisacity has created such
an Impress that the farmers will think
twice before locking them out when next
an advance in asked, especially as all right
feeling and right-thinking men acknow-
ledge that the circumstances Of the world
are inconsistent with the maintenace Of
the English agricultural labourer in the
condition which has hitherto been his. Or
take the case Of the London builders, when
10, 600 of them gave up L ], 1926, 900 without
at nrst getting anything for their money,
but after they had returned to work had
their wages raised by successive steps from
an average of 25s. to one of 30s., and that
without being obliged TO resort to general
strike, or to any strike on q large scale.
All their recent strikes have been what are
termed sectional, and in many instances
they have not had to strike, but have got
what they wanted by simply making il clear
that they were prepared to strike unless
they got it. Chiefly by this means it is
that they have succeeded in getting o.
a-week, or 20 per cent. added 70 their
wages. Now, 5s.l a-week Is L. Is a-yesr,
which, multiplied by 10000, comes to
ESQ, 600, or 40 per cent. on the original
outlay, which now yielding such interest,
must be admitted to have been really, in
spite Of first Appearances, a very tolerable
investment.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-14
FIRST PRIZE ESSAY
II r AID ES UN ION 81
For which fifty pounds Che gift Of Mr. Macdonald, Mp
were awar led at the Liverpool Trades Union
Congress, January, 1875.
CONTINUED from last tOeek.)

TRADES UNIONS-THEIR EFFICACY
1t would be easy to prolong these illus
trations, were there any need to expatiate
on a topic about which there il really no
dispute. Hardly single report has been
issued by the Trade Unions during the
past year that has not called attention to
the rise in wages, which, by combined &C
tio1, has been brought about. Through
out the length and breadth of the land the
Trades Unions have, during the past few
years, forced wages up, and, when wages
have fallen, the fall has not been to the
low point they were before the rise began.
1t would therefore be tedious to fill page
after page with mass of evidence to prove
what In universally acknowledged. Wages
have risen. That 10 the great fact The
principal, if not the only point upon which
discussion arisee il as to whether or not the
Trades Unions have assisted to bring about
that state Of affairs. One thing il certain,
the masters are not authorities on the
question. They are too crotchety. One
Of their great arguments against Trades
Unions il that they fail in their object,
that they do not succeed in raising wages
while with their next breath they excuse
themselves TO the public for the high prics
Of coal by saying ''it was the Unions raised
the price Of labour." Perhaps il would be
- well If they remembered the experiences
Of the past, when out Of eighty strikes for
advance Of wages, forty three were succcss-
ful, seven doubtful, and only thirty unsue-
csssful.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-14

Presence of Mind in a Family.

The following hints will be found Of
much Importance III cTery family
l. II man faipts, place him fat on his
back and let him alone.
2. If any poison is swallowed, drink in
stantly half glass of cold water, with a
heaping teaspoonful each of common salt
and ground mustard stirred into it this
vomits as soon rs it reaches the stomach
but for fear some of the poison may re-
main, swallow the white of one or two raw
eggs or drink cup Of strong coffee. These
two are antidotes for a greater number Of
poisons than any dozen articles known,
with the advantage of their being always
at hand if not, q pint of sweet oil, or
lamp oil, or dripping, or melted butter,
or lard, are good substitutes, especially if
they vomit quickly.
g. The best thing to stop the bleeding of
0 moderate cut instantly, is to cover it pro-
fusely with cob web, or -four and salt, half
and half.
4. If the blood comes from a wound by
Jets or spirts, be spry, or the man will die
in few minutes, because an artery 10
severed F; tie handkerchief loosely around,
near the part between the wound and the
hchief and skin and twist it around until
Ihe blood ceases to flow keep it there un-
n the comes If in a position
y berea'tricpe o1l5SEchief cannot be used,
y TX ISnnsol n a,o,\ pot near the wound
Id Ne, iTont sCIsen '<u-\ he pressure until
oi&nd CIevslAI GoSOs.. .A-Atdo not lessen the
), TEd for an instant until the physician
Arrives, 50 as to glue up the wound by the
COagulation or cloggfhg Of the hardening
blood.
3. If your clothing take fire, slide the
hands down the dress, keeping them close
to body as possible, at the same time sink
ing TO the floor by bending the knees; this
has Q smothering effect upon the flame; il
not extinguishd, or a great headway is got
ten, lie down on the floor, roll over and
over; or, better envelope yourself in a
carpet, rug, bed cloth, or any garment you
can get hold of, always prefering wooden.
6. Ii the body is tired, rest; if the brain
10 tired sleep.
7. II the bowels are loose, lie down in q
warm bed, remain there, and eat nothing
until you are we'll.
8. If an action of the bowels does NOT
occur at the usual hour, eat not an atom
until they do act, at least for thirty-six
hours; meanwhile drink largely Of cold
water or hot teas, and exercise in the open
air 10 the extent Of q gentle perspiration,
and keep this up until things are righted
this snggestion, if practiccd, woald save
myriads OF lives every year, both i'm city
and country.
.. The three best medicines in the world
srs warmth, abstinsnes, and rspess.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-10-14

Although the question, ITO what extent
is rise in wages due to the action of
Trades Unionl" may be difficult to answer,
there can be little doubt that some portion
of an advance is often due to that inhu-
ence. Where are the masters who came
forward and advanced wages unaskedl
They are few and far between, and what
chance Of improving his condition would
any labc urer have who struck singly
Very little chance indeed. Now. labour,
unlike a commodity, will not keep. Once
gone it il gone for ever. A day idly spent
is a day lost and as the capitalist can wait
fol labour longer than the labourer can
wait for wages, there is tendency to de-
press wages. Then why do they not fall :
IL it not because Of the counteracting pow
or of the Unionl When bricklayers from
Liverpool went last March to work ON the
new Town Hall at st. Helens they found
there men in the same trade as themselves
getting higher wages than they we're. They
instantly demanded to be placed on the
same footing as their more fortunate breth-
rem. The masters refused to accede to the
request for reasons best known to them
selves A strike ensued, and after short
delay the men accomplished their object.
Now, il there one sane man within the
four seas of Great Britain who will deny
that in this case the Liverpool bricklayers
obtained their advance by united action
This instance shows something more.
It shows how, with widely-spread Union,
the rates of wages in various towns might
be known-as in large Unions they are
and the highest rate demanded. Had the
st. Helens bricklayers belonged to the
same Union - those from Liverpool the
difference in the rate Of wages in two towns
10 near each other would have been known
and equalsed, or, in other words, the low
or rate would have been raised But how
can men all over the country ascertain
what their labour In worth in various parts
Of the country unless they act upon the
principle of association, and agree upon an
organization that encourages an inter-
change Of information between different
parts of the country. When, too, the
highest rate OF wages in discovered, what
would be- the good Of the discovery unless
there was union strong enough to enforce.
II mot the only way, at any rate the easiest
method Of ~ sEtaining the ''resl valne" of
their labour in by putting pressure on the
capitallst. Nearly all the present wage
rntes are based on no real principle Of
value. Amy Of the rates are very much
below the real value Of tine work done,
and represent the amount which the work
man has been able 10 squeeze out Of hia