The New York herald., 1876-07-26

useu py tnouSAnuS WneelS lor lIrlsatlou
ana supplying the wants OF millions of men and ANIMALS
Whence this vast and unailing supply OF water Tho
spring rains orAbyssna furnish the Egyptian overflow
but little or nothing more while the Atbaras dry
river bed for most of the year the Blue Nile, in tho
dry season, is nearly exhausted.
THE USYAILIxG STREAM or THE NILE
comes from its great equatorial basin and the heavy
rains OF the equatorial rainy belt OF the earth, and
these supplies drained into the main river,
White Nile, from thousand lakes and flowing streams
From the tenth degree OF north latitude south
as the fifth degree south of the line this equatorial
rainy basn Of the Nile embraces area OF least
100000 square miles and largo districts OF this
basin the annual rainfall is five times that the At
lantic slope OF the United States
Turning again to map we call tho readers at
ention to the drainage OF this equatorial basin, from
the largo river sobat the east the Dahr
the west SIDE of the main river those great equa-
toral reservoirs the Victoria and Albert lakes and
their feeders only few Of which set down Thus
the problem OF tho and supplies OF the unial
Ing stream Of the Lower Milo fully accounted for,
considering tho rainfall OF the equatorial
basin OF the Its channel indeed is equal to
the immense volume Of water thus supplied for, per-
haps over halt OF II is lost In the marshy expanses OF
the upper river and numerous tributaries resulting
from their rank aquatic vegetation. In opening and
Egypt may, doubtless be to one-thri beyond
its present volume through all the seasons of tho
year.
Having settled the questions OF the sources OF this
wonderful river. and of the annual Egyptian nunda
ton, and OF the never failing main stream We have
only note what has been done in explor
tions toward the discovery of
FOUNTAIN HEADS
spcke in 1852 believed he had found the head spring
OF the river that magnificent equatorial lake. tho
Victoria Niyanza Baker believed that with his dis
covery in 1864 OF tho beautiful mountain bound twin
lake. the Albert Niyanza the question settled
for time the scientific world appeared satisfied with
this confirmation OF the traditions of the ancient
Greeks But then came doubts to the tributaries OF
those great lakes particularly oil the Albert Niyanza,
OF the southern limits OF which nothing known.
And then with that remarkable event history
of these Nile explorations,
FINDING LIVINGSTONE,
new complications and probabilities touching the head
springs of tho Nile added the doubts
connected with the unexplored southern extension of
the Lake Albert Niyauza During the years in which
he lost to the outside world Livingstone, OF
the basin OF the great Lake Tanganyika had been
gagged in the exploration OF vast Interior system OF
springs lakes and rivers, the general drainage OF
which, he believed, discharged through tho
Luaaba River into the Nile through
Lake Albert or the Bahr-cl. .Ghazal Tho result Of
these explorations laid down by himself given
In our map. and as thus laid down the old explorer
certainly justified in his conclusion that his
Luaaba River was the main stream OF tho Nile So
firm in this conviction the venerated chiet Of
plorcrs IA the wids Of Africa that he died with it
When upon his feet again at UjJi and restored to
strength and again equipped for active service through
the timely and raernal attentions of Stanley,
time lost by Livingstone In resuming his work
Of determining the drainage of hs great interior basin
and the destination Of his Lualaba River. To do this
work thoroughly he recommended On that southern
summit level oP the African interior which divided the
basin Of the Zambezi River from that Of the Luaaba.
So 1t that, when supposed that ho had gone
determine the destination of the Luaaba, from the
point where in his preceding expedition ho had been
compelled TO leave it from exhaustion, he many
hundred miles south, dying in the marshy and maar-
ous region of Lake Banguco.o. From the death OF
Livingstone next called to
LIEUTENANT CAMERoy's EXPLORATIONS
IN the same 6eld After having attended to the re-
turn OF Livingstones remains thousand miles
through the savage wilds Of Africa to Zanzibar,
route to England, Lieutenant Cameron undertook the
discovery of the outlet OF Lake Tanganylka, which
Livingstone had failed find. With Stanley the Doc
tor had expedition to the northern end of this
lake. and, finding there strong river from the north
flowing ii. they concluded that the outlet Of the
lake was southern extremity and tributary of
the Zambez River.
But Leutenapt Cameron, in q careful circum navi-
CATION of Lake Tanganyika, found its outlet the
side, at the point where it is marked on
our map, and with this discovery he at concluded
that this not carried by the Zambezi into
the Indian Ocean, nor by the Nile into the Medter-
ranean Sea, but by the Lualaba into the Congo, and
thn Tivino naic IN
contrary notwithstanding. To settle this question by
actual exploration
CAMERoN's OVERLAND JOURNEY TIE ATLANTIC
from Lake Tanganyika undertaken Finding It
impossible however, to follow the line Of the Luaaba
from the want Of canoes and from the Hostility OF
native chief, Cameron, from Nyangwe, divcrgcd to
the southwark to the eleventh degree south latitude,
and thence southwestward to the Atlantic coming out
at Bcngucla, long way south Of tho mouth OF the
Congo But while the Of the Lualaba thus
remains unsettled, is settled from Cameron's
astronomical observat that this river is
nearly Oo0 ieet at Nyangwe below the level Of the
Nile at Lake Albert, tho Lualaba Lomanre cannot
possibly be the Nic and hardly be any other
than the Congo. And yet, from the signs map,
may be another flowing into the Atlantic north
of the Congo, and such the opinion Of Schwen-
furth.
But in establishing the fact that Livngstones into
ror system Of and does belong to tho
Nile basin but drained into the Atlantic, another
fact Is estabished--viz., that
STANLEY HAS DISCOVERED THE HEAD STREAM OF THE
NILE,
and that 1t is the River Shmccyu rising between the
fourth and fifth degrees south latitude and flowing
northwest into the Victoria Lake II this were
small stream It mieht be properly rejected, and the
Victoria Lake would be fairly pronounced the foun-
haa tho al Iako Gup ia M
the head Of the St. Lawrence River But the Shimeeyu
being considerable stream OF some 400 or 500 miles IN
length bo recognized, and its discovery tho
head stream Of the Nile belongs to Stanley.
Cut of from LivinQstones basin. the drainage Of
Lake Albert, excepting tho volume from The Victoria,
is comparatively limited, shougn It receives the
tributions Of numerous torrents from the bordering