New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1876-11-11
APPLIED SCIENCE.

than those of the renowned shrapneil SHELL Inc
nature Of the new shell will appear from the follow
ing II is not a projectlo Of special construction,
bat simply a common she'll or cast iron cylinder
flied with water. The shells may be taken on a
campaign empty. and filed either with guHpowdcr
on with water, according they are To Dee employ 81
AGAINST cart hWOrk- as common shells, OF as N"''i
eheIls7 AGAINST troops. In the latter case, S'lul
cylinder containing quarter or az most u't nun {"
oupce of gun cotton is fitted into the "dter,ilU'u
shell which is then Theoretically sealed tH'4so
of illuminate powder hnds room 3'tWvSH 90 ''I '
cotton and the fuse, and when ihc lill't ~ III p
the she'll is ready for firing. Inc GApIoSiG -, -.''
powder is'cOmpar1uveiy SLOW anu S..'i' 49, 80 -
with il is broken only at MS we1Ne't parts lHlG per
bons half a dozen pieces but the explosion oi gun
cotton is instantaneous, and acting upon as lhc"i-
pressible a substance as water, IN the water
itcII y Lur,ts the shell instantly into minute rag
tnen?s I'm some instances literally puly'rHn2 u.
Hence the destructive character of the new pro-
jcctiie.'
Iron. II, 233.
RECENT PEOGETss II PHOToGRtPHY-Tbe Sue
cess attending recent experiments IN photography
seems to iu,tfv the expectation of an early rcvou-
tjon in the manIpulations of some of It's fndameh-
tal processes In the negative process, all the ""'e
vacations and uncertain details have been III
great measure eliminated and the practice of TINS
branch Of photography has been adapted 10 even
the ordinary tourist. The collodlon ne@auNe-Pro-
coss which displaced the DagUcTcotyUe process
abont % wears ago, "a much by reason OF It's wider
range of applications as because OF It's comparative
simplicity and certainty, has remained essentially
the same as when Grst introduced. Improvements
in If have been mainly in the detail and their adj
justnent TO the various applications oil Wlnch II was
coon found susceptible. It's Inconvenience, and the
apparently needless compcXity OF ITS manlpuauons
were soon felt, and attempts made TO remedy them
brt the sensitive collodon film is still produced
rnon the glass plate by the professional phot'g-
ronb,r bv CHARGING il indirectly with the
iodde and bromide of silver, sensitive to HEht'
Some soluble iodidcs and bromdes, insgnstiFe
10 light. are first introduced into the collections ana
after film Of 1t has been formed upon the glass, 10
is rendered sensitive by mmer,ng it IN solution OF
silver nitrate where the insOluble halod salts oil
silver form in the film, while the mtraies oil the
other bases previously combined with the haiosehS'
remain in the solution. AT last. however the So
chilled washed collodion emulsion process has been
brought To such a degree of perfection that al the
manipulations hitherto found necessary with The
baths, washing trays, preventative solutions DC
seem to be reduced to the minimum of the one SIN
gle, simple operation of pouring sensitive emulsion
Of the balod salts of silver with colodion upon the
glass plate and allowing the film to dry. All the
articles required are already to be had III the market
The plates thus prepared said To he OF the best
quality of great certainty, and of absolute uniform
itv eoual i'm senstvcnes those prepared byany dry
process. and aforlino a fine film, free from grlnula-
ton. even under the microscope, and, by regulation
of the development, adapted to the production OF
negatives OF positivcs, as may be desired.
fine conditions most favorable to emusification
have since been most persisteutly invest gated
The development ola plate is eRected by wettlng the
slrrtoce with 1ncthvlated alcohol and rinsing with
water then treating IL with weak solution OF pyro-
galiic acid for about minute and then. whether a
feeble picture be visible not. pouring Oh the soIu
tiOn into a very dilute solution OF ammonia ana
bromide of cadmium and returning IL l." TN, Pd.e:
when a vigoTnus negative image VIII appear, formed
of silver from the TeIuccd bromide. Treatment
with dilute nitric acid viii convert this INTO posi-
tive. Many notifications and Improvements nave
been proposed, and are IN course oil irldl' Sllii-
man in England and Newton IN TINS country
have done much i'm this direction. while Mr.: Carey
Lea has shown that the presence ol ioalie Oh 1HfI
j. not at all incompatible with good WORKING
emulsion, and doubtless all compounds that were
found valuable in t4e Old processes Will be Iouud
applicable this Ii Is not unicasoua9c, also, 10
oTpect that it may be made equal in ScH>ltNeneSs TO
the wet process. An emulsion II gelatlne ana the
Gro,ni1e as first suggested hv Dr.. Maddox about
the same time that the COOdlOn emulsion was liISi
formed is far more sensitive than the latter. The
removal Of the soluble nitTates formed by washing
WAS Oripinated b. MIR. King IN connection WIN ihS
process. He placed the Celatiue solution, charged
with the proper q9mtliei oil SILVER Hll'"tnI %In
potassium bromide, in diayser by which an lil'
crvStallZable salts, added IN excess or formed III Inc
solution were removed The dl:lySer was l"'!hd 70
BE- entirely unnecessary by MI hehnttt, WI" slI"IN
uoursd the gclatiuc, mixed with the proper salts,
into a Fat dish and placed the film IN pnle water,
ofter IL had set hut not become dry, Uutl all the
crvstallizable salts were extracted lie peiliCle
formed on drying this. cut INTO sreds, forms the
basis of a very sensitive emulsion, ana can ne trans
ported to all parts of the world III OPAQUE
packets. IL simply requires the addltion OF
warm water To fit it for use. 1t Is, how
ever unsuitable for work IN warm weather. ana the
emulsion liable 10 purefacuon. so that IS must be
used soon after It's preparation.
TIE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT OF THE LIGHT
IRopCCTs or PETROLECM.-Ne have taken tie OPP
portunity in these columns, when speaking OF
petroleum and its products to dwell upon the dcslr-
ability Of the discovery and general introduction ct
Industrial processes by which the lighter products
of the rcfncry-gasOlnc and the naphthas-would
be withdrawn from their present frequently danger
ous rcprehensbie and Illegal uses, and their admir-
able lighting and heating qualities utilized IN a
manner consistent with common sense ana the safety
of life and property One OF the most natural ana
promising directions in which to look for this con-
ANIMATION is to be found in the efforts of inventors
10 convert these valuable but troublesome products
into permanent Illuminating gases. in which con
dtion they may not only be utilized with practical
Immunity from danger but wOuld likewise afford a
excellent substitute for coal gas. The introduction
and operation of new petroleum gas processes, OF
late frequent occurrence is evidence that inventors
fully appreciate the Importance Of the subject
Several of these processes have already passed tie
Governmental stage and have achieved a per
raueut commercial success. Indeed, so de-
oled is the impression they have created that il i,
no exapgcration TO affirm that they are rapidly
advancing petroleum 20 the rank If formidable
rival Of coal for gas-luahug, and that the time Is
not very distant when for this purpose coal viii b'
virtually replaced 10y petroleum aud its products
with advantage to all concerned.