The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-11-09
EpiZOOtic.


applied generally to a particular dis
ease which has been occasionally prev
alent in various parts of the country,
but the Scientific Farmer truthfully
says that there seems to be amongst
the community an odd but widespread
misapprehension regarding the signif-
canoe of this word, "epiZootic," so
that it is now commonly considered to
describe and define a certain disease
amongst horses, while its real signifi.
canoe is entirely lost sight of; hardly
a week passes that we are not asked to
look at horse which the owner
thinks must have the "epiZoOtic."
1t really denotes the prevalence
of any one disease amongst ami
mails, corresponding to an epidemic
amongst people; thus there may be an
eplZootic of pleuro-pneumoniaa amongst
cows, of cholera amongst hogs, of
abortion amongst ewes, or of inhuen-
"a amongst horses, just as there may
be an epidemic of smallpox, measles
or scarlet fever amongst humans.
The disease with which our horses
have SO generally been affected at two
different periods within the past four
years is, then, influenza or catarrhal
fo-or "nd mot 'uplluUL. AS we
are again approaching the fall of
the year at which time this dis
ease has heretofore made its general
| and remarkable appearance, little
about the histories of similar out
breaks in this and other countries and
the general causes of influenza NAV
not be uninteresting or inopportune.
1t has a very early history. In 1899
it appeared in Seville, where sit killed
more than one thousand horses, and
seemed to be incurable." In 1913 it
broke out amongst the horses of the
French army in Germany. In
1888 it was prevalent over the
whole of Europe, affecting both
men and horses; in 1899 Europe and
America suffered from the disease,
and again in 1882; in 1867 it once
more appeared in both hemispheres,
when it is recorded that both horses
and dogs suffered from it. "In 1916,
after u very severe winter and warm
summer, influenza spread over Europe,
attacking horses and dogs first and
human beings after. Poultry died in
great numbers; it was very severe in
New York and caused great mortality
amongst the horses of Maryland"
During the present century it has
ragged with varying degrees of viru-
lence; in 1S49-5O and 1864 and
1912 in London, and in 1923
in this country, when it broke
out in Toronto, Canada, on Oct. /,
1872. In nine days it had attacked
nearly all the horses in the city. On
Oct. IS, it reached Montreal; on the
18th, Buffalo; 18th, Rochester: 22d.
Boston, New York, Brooklyn and
Jersey City; 9th, Philadelphia; 2sth,
Washington; and again in October,
1875, there was an outbreak which,
however, was much less intense and
widespread than the one of ~ lust
referred to. 1t is singularly prevalent
in some seasons, and although it will |
exhibit general characteristics in COM
mon, yet the epizootic of one year will
be marked by some particular symp-
tom or symptoms which will be en-
tirely wanting in the outbreak of the
following year. Horses of large cities
and crowded towns are more obnox-
ious to it than those of the country:
and in the country those are most liza
bic to it that are the most confined.
The attack is attended with great and
early loss of strength, and with early
inflammation of the membrane lining
the nose and throat, and the digestive
organs are rritable.-Ruraz Neap
Yorker.