The New York herald., 1876-02-03
ADULTERATED MILK.
A BATCH OF SPOILERS OF THE LAcTEAL FLUID
MULcTED IN THE COURT OF GENERAL sEs-


A BATCH OF SPOILERS OF THE LAcTEAL FLUID
MULcTED IN THE COURT OF GENERAL sEs-
suoNs.
Twenty-six milk dealers were tried yesterday in the
Court OF Special Sessions before Justices Duffy Bxby
and Wandell The charge against them that they
had adulterated the milk they sold Messrs Hastings
and Colonel Prentice appeared TO prosecute on behalf
of tho Board of Health, and Messrs Waener and Law
conducted the defence The first called
that OF Francis McCarman OF No. 122 Mott on
Gardner testified that he examined the milk sold at
the place in Mott street and that the actometcr
showed it to be but eighty degrees, twelve degrees
below the required standard. The Witness however,
failed prove that tho had any proprietorshp
in the shop where the milk had been Sold and the
of Francis dismissed, Then Frank Lubban,
Of No 10 Oak street; John Haase, Of No. 2s4 Null
berry street. and John Jaeger No 81 Norfolk street.
pleaded guilty to the charge, and were mulced in tn
OF $50 each In the case of John Juecher officer
Gardner testified that he had tested ne milk found on
the defendants premises it registered eighty eight de-
grees the lactometer, the temperature being hfty
degrees Fahrenheit; he took the sample, bottled
labelled and delivered 1t TO Professor Waller for anay-
SIS
Professor Charles F. Chandler, President of the
Board OF Health OF this city, the first scientific
and repeated experiments he had decided that the
tometcr nfallble test of the quality OF milk He
gave detailed OF the method adopted by the
Board Health for testing milk describing the actom
eter and the gradatons under which the milk
tested He showed that the milk produced by the
cows in the vicinity OF New York, and from which
the supply Is generally taken, ranged high l29
degrees by the actometer whereas the milk sold by
the accused was low S. 40 several degrees below
the limit liked by the Board The actometer used by
the Board oil Health was more favorable TO the milk
men by ten degrees than the one used by themselves
for the purpose OF testing milk received from the pro-
| ducers
Professor Henry Morton, President of the Stevens
Institute, explained his experiments with the actom-
! eter, which, he said Is a hydrometer graduated 10
measure the specific gravity OF milk; the standard
adopted by the Board OF Health OF 02g OF the hydrom-
eer, compared with 100 Of the lactometer Is the
standard Milk that ranged at the standard OF ss de-
grces the lactometer the temperature of 60 de-
| grees Fahrenheit, could not be pure and must have
been mixed with some adulterahg substance. He had
never known pure milk from healthy that would
range lower than 100 on the lactometer used by tho
Board Of Health. To secure correct test the ther-
mometor and the lactometer were generally used to-
| gether, and reasonable care was also required. II
several OF milk taken from healthy should
range less than 100 would destroy his faith the
instrument
The witness was closely cross-examined as 70 the
conditions under which milk Of lower range than 100
might be produced from an apparently healthy COW,
and stated that impurities might arise from the acct
dental mixture of foreign substances with the milk
through carelessness but with proper pure milk
would range higher than 100
Professor George f. Barker, formerly professor OF
chemistry In Yale College, but Of Philadelphia
described the method OF nding the specific gravity OF
pure milk from the cows by using the hydrometer and
the acomeer and said that indication of 029 de-
grees the hydromeer equal TO 100 degrees the
actometer Each instrument must be tested separately
give accurate results II any sample of milk should
stand below 100 degrees on the acometeI such milk
could not be pure.
officer Gepson testified that he had received insruc-
ons from the proper authorities connected with the
Board OF Health, which enabled him TO use the acton.
eter correctly He had tested nine or ten samples OF
pure milk and the lowest specific gravity of any OF
them equal to l02 degrees
Professor Elwyn Waller, formerly Of Harvard Uni
versty, testified that he possesses special knowledge
of chemistry and understands how 10 make test Tor
pure milk the evidence gwen by the scientific gentle
man who had preceded him agreed with his own
perience the lactometer OF the Board OF Health is a
test for the pressure OF water only II the actom-
showed less than 100 degrees specific gravity the
milk tested would not be pure II at so degrees Fab
ernbet the lactometer showed sample range below
pressure OF water. Here the witness went into de-
| scrpton Of the component parts OF pure milk DR..
Waller stated that in last September he visited several
dairies IN orange county and made number or tests
with the lactometer; he had experimental with
plies OF milk from eighty five eightysix COWS, and
the lowest grade indicated by the lactometer lC2
degrees; milk from Alderney had been tried
and none OF u registered lower degree Of specific
gravity than l02
Casper Goldman testified TO the publication in three
daly newspapers OF the ordinance under which the
prosecution was made copy OF the law, ceruaed by
the secretary Of the Board OF Health, admitted
evidence Of the existence Of the law.
The defendant Juecherl testified that he received
the milk without knowing what II contained
John Meyer, who sold milk TO the defendant testified
that he did not adulterate H.
The Court the defendant guilty OF the charge,
and sentenced him TO pay fine Of Sl0O with
order which he promptly obeyed
When the other mlkmen who were present heard
the decision In Juccher's case they resolved plead
guilty and get OF on a fine OF $50 each The names Of
those who avaed themselves OF this privilege are -
| John Rohs No 500 Ninth avenue; John Jaeger No 81
Norfolk street; Henry Meyer No. 756 Tenth avenue
| Martin Brunings, No l29 Ninth avenue; Henry Brink.
crman, No $40 Third avenue Michael Schroeder, No.
% Over street Martin Joost No 4l3 Greenwich street
Peter Hays corner Seventh avenue aud Twenty SKIN
street. and Frederick Hcnckcn, No. $50 Eighth ave-
|