davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Connecticut western news., 1876-09-01

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Connecticut western news., 1876-09-01
ATROCITIES IN BULGARIA..

FiendIsh Work of the Turks--The Terrible Bashi-BazOuks nG Work--NIRssacre, In- cendtarlsM. Slavery and Debuuchcry-- One Hundred and Twenty-One Villages Destroyed.
The New York herald., 1876-03-05
East Side.

SOS O00 WILL BUY FoUR. STORY BROWN
%AO. .VUO stone 55th st., Madison
PAUL T.. TODD, IS Liberty st.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
The Potato Beetle.

Many writers are urging the enactment Of
laws to compel the determination Of the DO
tato beetle wherever il is to be found on
vines. There can be no question that united
effort for its destruction by all parties who
raise potatoes in New England would keep
it in such subsection that the labor of 6ght-
it would be greatly reduced. When it is
remembered that the average increase of one
pair in season is thousand millions, il
will be seen that thorough work is necessary
to keep it 10 control. The New York Times
says
In nothing can the carelessnoss of some
farmers be more conspicuously shown than
in the present appearance of so many potato
fields. Fields are to be completely denuded
Of green leaf, and forest of bare stalks only
left. OF course the crop is lost beyond rem
edy, and the owners stand idly and berate
the "potato bug" Yet adjoining their fields
arc others which, in spite of the dry weather,
will produce fair crop. 1n spite, too, Of
the beetles, although they have been rein
forced by the reserve drawn from the fields
which have been abandoned to them. That
any farmer should provids seed, plant and
care for his crop, the then abandon it without
effort to the beetles, is strange indeed And
stranger still. when he may see how easily
his neighbor vanquished the pest and how
he may have done the same Now that we
have the beetle with us as a permanent resi-.
dent, in all probability, it would be far bet
ter for those who do not intenl to fght il to
avoid encouraging and feeding it by planting
a crop of potatoes for it to devour and to
breed upon, spreading therefrom to neigh.
boring farms. 1t is now AN absolute neces-
sity that some law be enacted providing for
this emergency, and that will prohibit one
person from breeding upon his fields hun
cry progeny that will eventually issue, null
tplied thousand fold, to devour the crops
Of others who have worked hard to save
them from destruction, white their sothful
neighbor has idly folded his arms and done
nothing but increase the pest. By concert.
ed aud industrious effort the beetle can be
rendered harmless, if not totally destroyed;
but one farmer who is too lazy or careless 10
save his own potatoes will stock thousand
fields around him, and make work for
thousand other farmers We don't use this
word 6gurativoly but with design, for an in
sect that lays 1,2OO eggs and has three
broods in season can be parent to more
than thousand million in one season il no
accident happens to prevent it.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
To Kill Woodchucks.

Boys love to kill woodchucks and they
should be encouraged to do so; for of all
the vermin that do no good to compensate
for their mischief, the woodchuck takes a
prominent place. In field of turnips, or
any legumnous plants (such as peas. beans
or cover) they revel in profusiOn. The pile
Of dirt at the mouth of their burrow in
clover field knocks the edge off of mower
in short meter.
A good dog, that will watch at their holes
quietly and take them as they come out
will clean them off in a summer. But most
dogs (like most boysl can't wait for that.
They make great ado, crowd their heads
into the burrow or the stone wall, and bark
until the welkin rings, while every hair
stands on end and they prance about with
fury.
To trap them is vexatious, and the boys
commonly tire of it when they have run to
the hole a score Of times to find that chucky
has avoided putting his foot in it," or has
escaped.
We have had the best success in smoking
them out with sulphur. Take teaspoonful
of sulphur and fold it in a piece of news
paper, double, and do it up as a trader does
little parcel of groceries, taking care to
have the paper very dry, and that the sui
phur be rubbed over its surface and dis
tributed as much as possible With a lot of
these and basket of fine straw, hay or
weeds, matches and a shovel, you are ready.
Open the ends of paper, light one end and
thrust the lighted end far down in the hole,
taking care to leave it burning. Stop the
mouth Of the burrow with straw and cover
with earth. DO this at each entrance, and
they will never come out, unless they are a
different breed from ours.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
Carbon as a Solvent in the Soil.

We write much Of the value and import
ance OF certain minerals as fertilizers, and
the necessity of supplying them if they are
lacking in the soil. Phosphoric acid, potash
and nitrogen, are the substances which we
most generally seek to add in the form of
manure; but 10 our cage rness to supply these
we should not overlook the Importance of
the presence Of carbon, not only as plant
food of itself, but as a solvent of other plant
food in the soil.
Carbon FERNS large proportion of the
vegetable matter which by slow decomposi.
tion becomes the vegetable mold in the soil
generally considered so necessary to the
growth Of crops. 1t is found in its purest
form in the diamond, in graphite, plumbago
or black lead, as it is more commonly called,
and in charcoal. United with oxygen, it
forms carbonic acid which operates as u
powerful solvent, rendering available those
other mineral compounds 80 necessary to the
growth of plants. DR.. Gregory, Professor
Of Chemistry in the University OF Edinburgh,
gives the following:
ITO illustrate the power of water contain
ing carbonic acid to dissolve phosphate of
lllhei "hlch is lnsOluDle IN pure water, may
state" says he "that found the carcass Of
pig which had been buried for fourteen
years on the slope Of hill which was moist
and undrained, to have shrunk into a fat
cake of fatty acid the muscles, membranes,
nerves and vessels had putrefed aud disap-
peared, and not trace Of bone earth was to
be found The whole had been dissolved by
water percOlating through the body, and had
thus been carried down to the lower ground
found the water, like all water that passes
through soil, to contain carbonic acid, and
this had been the solvent.
sin dry situation bones remain unaltered
for centuries, as in the sandy soil of the
battle field OF Gamma fought more than two
thousand years ago), in which the bones Of
those killed in the battle are found to this
day entire, though having lost much of their
animal matter. The solvent power of car
bonic must act in every soil, aud hence the
value OF hnmus," (this is the material Of the
soil which is the result of vegetable decom-
position), sin the soil and of decaying organ.
ic matter in tho manure, ,"-American Ru.
raj Home.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
Fire Blight.

This dire malady, the great foe to peat
culture, has siugularly enough let German
town alone in its travels to great extcn,
in the past. There may have been isolated
and insignificant cases, but the pear as q
general thing has been among tho healthiest
trees. In surrounding districts there have
been cases Of serious trouble To the north.
east Of Philadelphia, as well as on the west
there have been serious visits of the enemy
but even there it has been in measure des.
ultory, and season after season Of perfect
health have followed seasons of serious at
tacks.
This season, however, the 6re.blght has
made its appearance to serious extent in
the old borough, and the sold stagers" who
still travel by the coach aud know nothing
ofthe railroad, are asking what il all means.
They have had in the past one hundred and
nifty years OF extensive Germantown pear.
culture, cold seasons and warm seasons, high
temperature and low temperature, long hot
and cold spells, and rapid and wide changes,
dry seasons and wet seasons, high culture,
low culture, and no culture, dwarf trees and
standard trees, while in varieties they have
had Wears and Seckels, aud all the kinds
known in the books, but no fre-blight ever
came here before. They are, therefore,
quite sure that the predisposing cause is one
that never had existed before, and can be
none Of those suggested in the list above,
and which are so often referred to. What
the cause is must be left TO the philosophers,
and no doubt they will make il clear in
time.
One thing seems clear-and that is one
that concerns us most-there is a preventi-
tive. Our old correspondent, Mr.. William
Saunders, of Washington, was once seriously
troubled with the disease in the experiment
tai Garden. He took to washing the stems
OF the trees with lime aud sulphur in the
winter, and since then he has not been
troubled.
Now, there is possibility that this is but
coincidence, for we have seen that 10 the
outlying districts of Philadelphia the dis.
ease has disappeared for some years after
being serious and yet nothing has been done.
But in Mr.. Saunders case we hardly think il
is of this character, for all Of us know the
devotion Of famous old fruit-growers to thoir
pursuits, know how they used to wash trees
with lime aud other articles and how healthy
trees always were under this treatment.
There is no doubt but judicious washing the
bark is healthy, and this fact favors Mr.
Saunders.
But this can only be done when the trees
are not in leaf: and all that can be done is
to cut away and burn all the diseased limbs
as fast as they seem injured, for what
ever may be the cause Of the disease it seems
quite likely that diseased matter will COM
municate the trouble to healthy trees Ger.
niantOtcn TeleQraph.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04

A slight protection to the grass sod after
removing the hay.crop, is in dry seasons Of
great benefit to the turf, aud increases the
probability Of large crops in the future. The
cutting off Of portion of the stalk or stem
and all of the foliage operates as a sudden
check to the circulation Of the sap, and is Of
itself severe shock to the plant. If the
weather is hot and dry many of the plants
die. Fields that are closely mown suffer
worse than others. 1t is good economy to
run the scythe of the mower little higher
than is the custom of most farmers. A
light mulch of fine, strawy manure, applied
Immediately after the removal of the hay
crop operates as protection from the sun
and drying winds.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
What to Aim for in Breeding Jerseys

The FARMER has often urged the para.
mount claims Of utility in stock breeding.
No more conspicuous example can be cited
than the Jersey breed of cattle Their ex-
traordinary qualities as class for the pro-
ducticn Of choice butter have been devel.
oped by an eye single to that point And
herein lies the basis of all the success at
tanned by the breed. But fancy farmers,
who care more for pleasing tho eye than for
vulgar usefulness, are doing their best to
undermine the only claim for excellence
which the Jersey posses. The following
extracts from the letter Of Alexander Hyde
to the New York Times, illustrates the truth
Of the above.
Col. Waring is himself a breeder Of Jer.
seys, and describes them in their native
home with the enthusiasm Of an amateur.
lie, however, is not prejudced in their favor
that he cannot view them with a critics
eye, for he says: "Even now there are to
be found in Jersey very large number Of
h'E'Oi"Sut siou-SiuSu OOHSb uOloW-paoAcui
cat-hammed and sloping at the rump, which
show how largely the points of beauty have
been neglected" This lack Of beauty, which
is noticeable in this country as well as in
Jersey, the colonel ascribes to the fact that
the Jersey farmers, till within a recent
period, have had only one objective point in
view, and that has been the largest and rich.
est production of milk. The demand for
Jerseys in England and America has stimu.
lated the breeders of the island 10 improve
the general form of their stock, though Ia
this day the great point in Jersey breeding
is the production Of butter. In 1884 a com
mittee of the Jersey agricultural society &C.
lected two Of the finest COWS on the island al
models, Que Of them considered perfect in
her head and forequarters, and the other il
her udder and hindquarters, and from thest
two models scale Of thirty-four points wal
made which should constitute perfect AMI
NAL. Since the establishment Of this scale
there has been a great improvement in th'
general appearance Of the stock on the isl
aud, though fashion there, as everywhere, il
tyrant and has sometimes run away with
good sense. For instance, the color of tn,
Jerseys was formerly minor consideration
variety Of colors prevailing, aud mixed
iawn and white predominating, but within /
few years fashion demanded a solid darl
color, bat the Jersey society discourage,
this folly, and the mania has in measur
ceased.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
Flowing in Rye,

On the farm of President Clark at Am.
herst was poor, gravelly field Of six acres.
Last fall the field was pOwed, and one ton
OF rectifed Peruvian guano applied to the
whole and narrowed in. The piece was then
sowed to winter rye, resulting in crop this
year averaging nearly five feet in height
when plowed under, and which good judges
estimated would yield if harvested, thirty
bushels of grain per acre. But President
Clark is one who generally induces nature
to produce as he wills, by following out the
principles she has herself laid down. The
soil here was lacking in organic matters, as
well as in plant food, and this was the read
lest means of supplying the deficiency. The
rye was plowed under just before blossoming,
though on general principles, the better way
is to turn it under when nearly ripe, at the
time when the crop has taken into itself the
largest attainable amount of atmospheric
and soil matters. A large size Holbrook's
swivel plow was used, plowing to depth Of
seven inches, and was followed by n subsoil
plow stirring the soil seven inches deeper
Next autumn another ton of rectified guano
will be applied to the six acres and har-
rowed in, and the field seeded to grass and
winter rye. Thus the lot will be quickly
and effectually supplied with large amount
of organic and mineral elements of plant
food. If allowed TO mature, according TO
the estimate, the crop plowed in would add
to the soil Of available plaat food about 227
lbs. of nitrogen, 200 lbs. of potash, and 122
lbs of phosphoric acid, which would nearly
equal in value the two tons Of guano. Per.
haps the chief value to the land, however,
is in the organic matter derived from the
air added to the sofia value which can
hardly be estimated .-Scientifc Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04

LIME AS FERTILIZER is a direct
fertilizer and indispensable to the growth of
nearly all crops. 1t is especially valuable
for grass and clover. Although existing to
some extent in nearly all sorts, yet it is as
carbonate Of lime and in an inert state, and
is not soluble in water. 1t is only when in
a caustic condition and freed FROM carbonic
acid by burning that it is useful as a fertilizer
In New e-rsey, Pennsylvania, and some other
locations in the east, lime is very extensively
used by farmers, being applied at the rate Of
forty or fifty bushels per acre, Just previous
to the sewing Of the fall grain The ground
is plowed the manure spread, and the ground
then crOss-plowed, the lime is now evenly
spread over the surface, after having been
dry Stacked into fine powder, and is narrowed
into the soil. The seed is then drilled or
if it is broadcast, it is sown after the lime
and both narrowed in together. The good
effect of the lime is clearly visible when the
clover sOwn in the following spring begins to
show. The usual price Of lime fresh from
the kiln in the locations mentioned is from
ten to fifteen cents per bushel. 1t loses value
by exposure to the air and rain. In the
case in question we would certainly recon.
mend trial in the way above pointed out.
-Nelo York Times.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04

EXPERIMENTS IN FEEDING GRAIN.-A cor
respondent Of the N. Il. Homestead says !;
We have the past winter been experimenting
in feeding grain to cattle with results that
have somewhat surprised me. | had always
supposed grain (wheat bran and mea) would
produce more milk if fed dry in the manger.
During the past winter we have fed a herd
OF twenty COWS about six quarts per day Of
mixture Of Indian meal and wheat shorts
in the proportion OF one bag Of meal to two
bags OF shorts. One week we would feed
the grain scalded as above, and the next
week we fed it dry, then we fed scalded
gram for two weeks and dry grain another
two weeks. The milk was carefully meas
ured all the time the first trial showed an
increase Of four quarts of milk in the total
production Of twenty COWS, while the second
trial showed no increase over the dry feed
Now have always been an advocate in the.
ory, Of feeding cooked meal, but the past
winters experience is poser viii some
one Of more experience offer an explanation
If explanation there be.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04

To BREAK UP A SETTING HEN.-The Fan
clcr's Journal gives this remedy for chronic
difficulty. Cochins and Brahmas at this sea-
son of the year give fanclers deal of trouble
oitentimos, through their persistent desire to
set. In almost any mans yards, this month,
where the Brahma or Cochin fowls are kept,
the bulk Of these mature birds will show
broodiness, and adhere to the nests with q
portinacity quite discouraging, frequently
We are entirely opposed to the numerous
cruel devices that are resorted to by impa-
tient or inconsiderate breeders to /" break up"
the fowls at sIch time, who arc thus mere
ly following the natural maternal instinct
and ducking in cold water, driving them
about, thrusting them to fast in dark empty
barrel, and other foolish modes adopted too
often, are simply of no use, and are inhuman
as well. Let them rest. Put few glass or
wooden eggs under them and let them sit two
weeks, quietly. Then break up the nest, and
remove them to new quarters. They will
thus quickly get over the inclination to brood
longer-as a rule-and if placed with n
young grower, for few days, they will give
you no further trouble. This is the best
mode We have found to break up these late
summer -inelined settlers.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04

HEAvEs'-In heaves the great point is to
correct any faults in feeding, watering and
working. Keep the patient in a cool, clean
wel-aired stable; feed sound oats or ground
feed morning and noon, without any hay or
straw, but at night few pounds of well.cured
timothy, or better, straw may be given after
the grain do not put to work for at least an
hour after. any meal, and let exercise be
gentle for the first half hour, never over.drive
If there is any tendency to costiveness give
daily two or three ounces of Glauber salts,
more or less, as may be necessary to keep
them easy. Without such careful manage,
mcnt all other measures will prove unavail-
ing, and this care alone may be sufficient to
check the disease in its early stages. A run
at grass on natural pasture, destitute Of
clover, will often have similar effect. Final
ly, the following powder may be given daily
for month or even more. Powdered digit
alis, three drachms, powdered gentian, four
ounces, powdered coriander seeds, four ounces
arsenate Of soda, two drachms, mix, divide
into thirty powders, give one daily in the
food Neio York Tribune.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04

LIQUID MANUREs.-Iti is generally believed
that no system Of enrichiug land for small
gardens, with view to perfection of crops,
is so truly economical and so easily available
as that of liquid manure. We occasionally
hear Of gardener, or an amateur fruit
grower, who has practced enriching the crop
by use Of liquid manure, but it is not a
common practice so to enrich our gardens
and lawns, however ofttimes the advocacy Of
the practice has been written. The writer
practiced the sprinking Of lawn in dry
season, with weak liquid manure water, and
in the greatest Of heat and drouth has kept
it fresh and green. In the management of
pot plants, no course Of supplying food equals
that OF judicous use of liquid manure.
There are iu almost every family waste
liquids, which usually go into a sewer or
drains or possibly upon the road, where they
are of no avail, but if saved by being con-
Quoted to tank, along with wash waters Of
the house, would enrich an entire garden for
vegetables aud fruits, er-borders, &c,
and the whole, if the wash be applied reg
ularly, and at night, after sunset, in moderate
quantities, the driest weather of midsummer
would not check vegetation If an unpleas-
ant odor comes from the tank, little plaster
(gypsum) sprinkled in aud around tho tank
would keep it sweet and clean. Again, the
the use of liquid manure need never delay
planting because of manure not being on
hand but planting could proceed, and the
application of manure be made at leisure
+. II. ELLIOT IN american Rural Home.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-08-04
Fictlous Standards of Excellence.

The London Agricultural Gazette makes
the following severe but just criticism on the
habit OF placing great stress on color Of cat
| tie.
II the value Of Jersey stock is to rest on
color, deterioration will surely follow of those
useful qualities that are far more noticeable
in the good old.fashoned parti.coored COW
than those which will be found among the
generality of fine, highbred, whole.colored
fawns, grsys, of or foxy, so-caled Jerseys.
l have owned hundreds Of acclimated Jersey
stock, and have never, as rule, found the
whole-colored such large producers as many
part'colored ones in fact, by far the most
butter-producing COW l ever possessed was
not only parti-colored, but the most ugly and
ungainly beast Of the lot yet her stock have
never failed to show their large butter.mak.
ing qualities. The true type of a Jersey
Gov IS, in fact, an animal that will not make
meat. | do not say that this is not im.
proved upon by acclimitization and slight
introduction of q harder breed of which
are termed Chichester Jersey are the best
description, neither do | say that Jersey
breeders on the island itself have not in some
instances breed that shows dis.
pensation to make some flesh, and
very probably may then be fol-
lowing up the requirements of fashion, yet
maintain that pure Jersey should throw
the bulk of her feeding properties into but
ter, and with little to flesh. The parti-
colored good COW may have but white spot,
especially under the belly, but throughout
the body the, rich yellow skin, under any
colored hair, will be found-back, white, or
fawn. have seen the commencement of a
wholc.colored herd, the propriety of noble
duke, to obtain which | have seen wealthy
and large producing COWS sold off to prevent
an animal remaining with the slightest stain
of other than one color.