, 1876-04-17
SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO.
Qox.oNy OF TIE FIFTY-uEvESTN 1LLlSo15 1tirAsTnV
REGIMENT.

COLONY OF THG GT1ETT-NEfESlA 4AAlH145 4HhAHlAA
REGIMENT.
This colony having organized has decided to
ocate In the Oils Valley. which comuences in
New b1sxico aud runs through tie entiro broadth
Of Arizona. The Gll& River rises In the Mogol-
lon ranges OF Nov Mexico, aud has = gouefal
voatarly course, empty,ng into tho Rio Colorado
lust opposite tho boundary botWoen California
aud Lower California. From the north it han
numerous af1uents breaking through region
frequently mountainous, and always much
broken, but With beautiful and fertile valleys.
wo1l supplied With timber and animal lifo, and
remarkable for tue ovidences Of an ancient civil
li:atlon found In the runs Of we-built towns
and extensive aqneducts constructed OF cut
atone.
From the s2uth it rceasvea but, few branches.
tho ITO 1raudo being tho mosk important. Ba-
low the mouth OF the lilo San Pelro, tho TaIlsy
Of tho lila for distance of 12 miles Is opeu
and varics from 10 miles in width. The rivnr
thon "canons," and for about 80 mos winds iss
devious waY between frowniuE cliffs aud prcci-
pcen. From the lover end Of these canoua to
its mouth tho valley is open and wide, with
regular and gradual descent Of from TO 10 foot
to tho mllo. or Tho bluffs whlch marx the lin
lis OF tho va1foJ proper but little ia known sayo
tbht its mountains arc WONDERFULLY rich In pro-
cious notals, In tho Valley Of The Glla theEo III
an immense. breadth Of land susceptible Of a,ic-
rcesful cnlsiraton. Corn: barley, wheat. cotton.
and al the vegetables Of the temperate zano are
already prohtabiy cultivated by tho few Wbito
settlers between tho canon and SAcHton. and by
tho PlmauB anh Msscoras 1nliaus batwoen Sa-
eaton, and Mnrcopn Wells. below tba latter
station theEe ia 1t pEeaent cultivation, excopt
IN small KaTdapB At some OF tho mail stAtonB un
tho lower river. The liln Valley proper hes
about 300 600 Acrea ofarable laud Its five principal
tributaries, the valleys of tho Arayapa. Sun Pe-
uro, Hautn CrHx, Salt River, aud Colorado 1i0,-
600 more, making IN all 4l0, 900 acrcn capabo OF
sustaining M agricultural aud mining popula-
tiou Of 2oo, QUO, which IL no doubt lo. estimate.
During tho same seahon tho eame land
produces two crops, one VI whont and another
Ut corn. Tho breadth Ut mud now undor cul-
t,yat,on is quite auai, only some G,000 acres.
In common With New Mexico thst part of
6outhorn Arizona lying east ot . line drawn from
possesscH great pastoral advantages. 1t il COW
esed at ali tllnoa Of tho year with 4 magnificent
growth of grHma g.asa ono of the most nutri-
tiouH REaasea klowu to stoc1.ratsaIs, aud at no
so.aon OF tho yoar do cattle pood ether HAoltos
than that ofTvret by natural variatiuns u tho
surface Of tho GROUND.
lu the Santa Cathrtna and ssuta Rita Noun.
t&tps pue Ii abundant, aud Oh tho banks ot tho
streams cottonwood aud ,nazqu!t arc foi.ni
to supply timber or fuel Tho latter in re-
matkably bard aud lutable leCnnalnaus wood.
and growa In tho lower 0ilA Valley to a s..o
large enough for croBB-tieB for railroad pur-
rosos, aud bot unfrolucn.Iy atsAlus Il d!auietor
of from IL to 81 lucteB. 1t makes the moat
hlghly-prizod plano-fotso tegr.
On tic plailla IN tbs Immediate vcluity Of tho
valleys, and mont Of lilo llua referred TO- bunch
or gitta Eraas is abuudaHL and furnishes. IN ad-
dision to the valley grashsg oxcollen: 9razng.
Tho Pima and Mar'copa Indians he aso the
white and Mexican aettle1s on the Upper
GsIa, hare large herds Ut cattle aud shoep.
After the RIO Glla has eHlerE0h from = succes-
sion OF deap gusEes through which Il crosses tho
PiuR-leno Corlllleras /. waters rich aud fertile
valley 10 tnles long. About 70 miles OF this
valley tB inhabited bY tho Pima Iud!hna, They
AAvota fhatnga1yAq RnttrA1v a RUrictJtknfN and
tho arta ct psAro. Il has ofton bceu stated III
ear'ier titnes that IN New Mexico you could only
bo absolutely certain OF sAfetY amongst tho
;.ised by this peaceful md ,ote!!s.at people
Thoir pottery and baskot-wo1k are
wonderful specimens Of their industry.
TAsY ase Of inlulsnBo assistance to colouists.
There aso many runs on thu lila itself Hnt in
tho valleys of ,Is southern tributaries. A little
wekt Of ths northern extremity of the Dusso
Mountains the Rio GllA iuascs tho bau ltita 9nl
other ranges mud msanuess for n diH.Auce Of
from ID to 100 milos through aa opea va,tsY OF
conhderAuio w!dth. Tnls long atEip Of fertile
bottom land Ia studded throughout with deserted
pueblos (yIlIgesJ. which ii tha present tiu,u be-
long almost entirely TO the third claus, viz :;
those ot which tho foundations Aloua nsarx tlso
localities. Al lesst l00,000 psop!e must At une
tims haro occupied this valley.
Tho copper mines Of tho Oils VAllsJ furnish
shout 81 Per cent Of ultivo coppot and 26 Psi
teut Of hyasa.ed Carbonate OF copper" green
nAlAchite."
e:lye. mines appear to La ~ plentiful rs tha
eoppct ulnsu. There Is nu doubt but sAat TIL.
wonderful! region ia destined before many years
to beooms Que " she rieaest spots In tie world
Throe fAilsoada are already building their way 4
Il ~ fast - rosslbls. The Denyer 4 Hio GrAntlt
Narros Gauge Isai!roAd from Denver, south
the Aschison, Topeka Il BausA Fa u already
sad expects to i..oh Banta IL i
abont Jear, aud also the
Bouthesn pkciuo. It IL thought that the Atc4i,
sou, Topeka 4 6ansA 70 KAroAd will unite
Nav Mexico probably some eWhs1s between
AessillA and FL paso, and thence 60 through st
California ~ ons road, running through tho on
tire lsueth Of ths 0,lA Valley, 10 that in yer,
ahaft Aas thts. u present, tkthsk 1smota sexioI