Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-18

choose those which are adapted TO the local.
ity. lu growing apples for market the fewer
varieties grown the better, and in the selec-
tion Of these varieties be guided by the ex.
pereoce Of the most successful fruit grower
in the immediate vicinity rather than BY the
picture books of tree agents. For those who
are near large village afordibg home
market the selection Of varieties will differ
from ono who must depend upon q distant
market. For home use greater variety is
needed and should be so selected as 10 insure
a full supply of fruit during the year. Trees
that have come up spontaneously iu the fields
and pastures should be grated without de.
lay-grafting the whole top in oae season,
cutting 20 limbs more than one inch in di-
ameter; take care to cut away the
sprouts that start around the scion during
the summer aud cut out about one-half the
remaining native growth daring the succeed
ing autumn, leaving the remainder to be
taken daring the next. two seasons. But
one scion should be allowed TO remain per.
manently n each stock The weaker one
should be cut back to retard its growth d ur.
ing the first season but not entirely removed
until the whole surface of the stock is grown
over.
In the discussion which followed Col
Mead aud Prof Seely and Mr. Stedmau
advised farmers to do their own grating
any bright boy Of fourteen eau do it well.
Mr. Hubbard would raise his own trees.
Mr. Ware Of Fayetteville related his ex-
perieuce with tree agents, having bought
several FIVE dollar grape vines for fifty cents
for the lot and got cheated at that. The
good effect of allowing animals to run 10 the
orchard to pick up the windfall fruit was
spoken Of. The sweet aud sour apple was
discussed
To change the bearing year Of fruit trees
it was recommended to remove all the bios.
SONS during the bearing year.
The second paper OF Wednesday morning
was upon Cattle Breeding" by p. II. Rut.
ter of Townsheud.
The breeder must first decide upon the
object to be attained, whether it shall be
beef, dairy products OF the production of a
herd better fitted for all purposes. This is
more easily settled in theory than in prac.
tice, and must be determined by the
farmers own judgment, and by the quality
OF his land. If he wishes to breed for dairy
purposes alone his farm must be suited to
the particular wants of the dairy, producing
that quality of feed which will cause his
products to command the highest market
price Then his keenest discrimination and
judgment will be required in the selection Of
the breed, aud must select from the one
which comes nearest his idea OF perfection,
being governed by the records of the vari.
Gus breeds for producing large quantities aud
rich quality OF milk. Then in connection
with breeding stock for dairy purposes he
must manufacture u quality Of butter aud
cheese which will command the highest
market price or he will fail to convince the
public that he is successful breeder.
In the selection of the class of cattle
which will produce the most beef in the
least time, there is better chance of sue
cess than in any other because there are
certain breeds which approximate perfection
in this respect. In selecting breeding stocE
the breeder should always aim at the highest
type Of perfection. This should be au aui
NAL Of moderate size. on short legs with
fine head and neck, full in the crops ant
fore flank these points indicate constitution
a vital point in breeding cattle for bcei
which when combined with those prominen
points 10 the hind quarters from which th
most valuable meat is taken, makes up whaI
we should call proper type to breed from
for beef purposes. Such an animal if wei
fed will give good and early returns. A
the end of all cattle is beef the farmer shoulC
breed such, as when they are no longc
wanted Gor the dairy or work can be mad
into good quality of beef. Ii the farmer
of the state would work for improvement
the quality of cattle would be much improved
If twenty pounds could be added to tn
weight OF each creature aud at the sam
time the animal could be brought to matu
rity one year earlier than heretofore, mucl
would bO gained.
There is class OF farmers in Vernon
who raise the same quality Of cattle to-da,
; which their fathers raised fifty years age
To this class belongs the duty of improving
the average animal OF the state. This i'm
provemcnt should be in the direction of tn
best breed for all purposes, which can b
best accomplished by the use Of thorough
bred sres. For the purpose OF crossin
with our native or grade stock with the viey
of producing the best cattle for all purposes
Shorthorn sres must be used as this breed
the best for beef aud excel in beauty an
early maturity, and wherever bred for tn
dairy have proved themselves equal to any
|. X. Batchelder Shorthorns are tn
best for beef, but in the present condition 0
= our pastures would prefer the Jerseys 70
butter.
: Dea Ware of Towushend: l am the onl
farmer in my vicinity who raises Jerse
= stock. Commenced fifteen years ago.
few years ago the listers could hardly b
= made to believe that my Jersey cows wer
worth anything, but | have made the manu-
0 iacture of butter profitable. My neighbour
y who few years ago, would hardly hav
accepted Jersey COW as a gift, now thin
P very highly of their crosses. With my pre-
: ent knoSledge and experience | would nj
J. accept to keep six years a stock Of Durhal
o cows as gilt. Gave examples to show thi
g the Jerseys readily run to beef, 1t is sal
o that the Jerseys are nervous, not easily d.
l. mesticated but with me the reverse is tru
y Whenever u hired man is engaged it is mac
n a condition that he shall treat my GOV
o kindly.
9 Mr. Hubbard | am a breeder of Durha
u stock, but can see good in other breed
70 Improvement is often delayed by the bigotI
l. Of breeders. He who wishes to improve b
n cattle must select from those that have bee
% bred a long time 10 the development Of Il
70 quality desired. 1t is ii principle of natu
II that everything tends to deteriOrate, to gro
r. poorer. For dairy purposes, whatever Il
sr breed, we must select good COWS. III
rs speaker cited instances of successful dairyir
ID with different breeds. The idea that co
consumes food or yields milk according
~ size is great ialacy. Good cows consuu
ID a large quantity Of food. Corn meal is Il
. best food for butter; would feed it in co
a. nection with bran.
ID j. o. Follett We need breed that cor