The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1876-12-27
STEWING MILK IN COURT.
PROF. DOREMUS'S CHEMISTRY IN
THE GENERAL SESSIONS.



rhiIosoplicaI Apparatus TINT Opened the
Jurors Eyes. aud Experiments that Put
the Prisoner to ~iccp-Thc Lnctomcter.
Prof II. Ogden Dorcmus. the chief wit
ness in the defence OF Daniel Schrumpf, the in
dicted milk dealer. testified In the General ses-
sons yesterday. Ills manner was that Of a Loo
turer. bis language was concise, and no ques-
tionng was needed. lie tried to prove that the
lactotneter used 10y tho Health Boards inspeot-
OTIS in testing milk is not Trustworthy. lie has
long held to that theory, and hence those dealers
who are accused OF selling watered milk en-
ployed him. lie testified that In 1875 he went to
Orange county. and from healthy cows obtained
milk t1at the luctometer rated at from o. to Do
the lowest permitted by the Board OF Health to
be sold being l00 An analysis OF these samples
showed that they were rich In cream richer
than milk that the lactometer rated at lOj.
1T Is the cream that damns the lactOmeter,"
said the witness. ." defy any OF the illustriOus
experts who nave testified here in favor OF tho
lactometer to tell whether nghtness In milk
comes of an excess OF water or OF cream. The
lactumeter IS failure on that account
But dealers don't adulterate milk with
cream. as Tar ~ have Observed" said President
Chandler OF the Board of Health Ia an under
tone.
over nine per cent. OF buttcr-an uncommonly
large uruportion-in milk that the lactometer
rated as containing fifteen per cent. too much
water. Repeated tests dcmunstr tea in the
same way that milk condemned by the Board OF
iealth az watered might not ohly u" IN me cx-
act condition IA which 1t came from the COW,
but also rich IN nutritious clements Samples OF
milk obtained III the country on sunday last
gave ON ANALYSIS. similar evidence The fueciNc
gravity OF milk ranges FROM lwj to l.gjj, as
shown m tests from rty-nine cows. takinV the
gravity OF pure water "a loo. (rhe Board OF
Health takes lt2D As the lowest for uuwatercd
milhJ The witness went ON In cDicism Of
the iactOmrttr.
Judge sutherland interrupted to say that II
evidence were offered Of the trustworthiness Of
the thermometer rs an indicator OF temper iturc.
he would exclude II because it Is s4ie o. assume
a fact so Wei established. lie WAS not sure that
the same rul1 ought lot TO DO applied To the ny
drOmeter (Of which the lactOmctcr ~ slight
modification an instrument 40 universally ac-
Cepted by scientific men as an indicator OF the
spccinc gravity Of fluids. lle flncied that all
the evidence In this trial a. to the lactometcrs
merits might, perhnps' nave been properly cX-
cluded. The witness, however was permitted
to express his opinion OF the lactometer. which IA
that It IL utterly uutrustworthy as test OF tho
After a recess many chemical apparatus were
arranged on a taole. There were glass vessels 81
queer shapes, metal receptaCles with alconol
iamps burning under them, ana other things
that made the jurors stare In wonder. The
spectators seats were mainly flied with students
from Prof. DOremus'- Glasses and the intention
OF the defence was to have the Professor demon
strate way Of Learning the proportion q water
tOmeter. Judge sutherland was IN doubt about
admitting the evidence. because, ~ he said the
question for the jury was not whether there
was better means OF testing milk than with tho
laCtumctcr. out whether the ldCtOmetur was In
itself "A tru-i worthy means. \ long argument
ch~ucd, ana whlie II was ~ progress me witness
made ready for the eXpcrim mt. lie has only
one hand, Yet he mauiuuiited tue utensils deity.
Inc Judge decided to permit tue Professor 70
cNutrit his practical illustration, and at thht he
students applauded. A tablespoonful Of Alder
ucl milk Was put INTO platinum ci-h, aud sus-
"A
Under all a lighted alcohol Lamp was placed,
Another spoonful ~ mix was heated IN tho
same " y IN another apparatus, except that IA
little dry sand was Put into It TO hasten the
eydpor ton. Knowing exactly the weight Of
the milk at the outset, toy weighing II az lin.
after ~ moderate neat II had teen thoroughly
dried, the proportion of the evapurated water
could Toe ascertainei. The operation lasted
twenty nvo minutes. aud while 1t was going on
the Professor continued his testimony, and his
son meanwhile was ewing the mix. white,
ne rly drY substance wa. the residue OF the
uIlk, that into which sand had been put being
dryest Further heating would have completed
the eVaDOfatiOn Of the water. The Professor
proposed To continue tho ANALYSIS hy adding
ether, which would have evapOrated the butter,
thus showing the percentage OF TINT ingredient,
nut the Judge decided that It would not be use
ful evidence. The prisoner watched the process
drow-iiN awhile, and theu fell fast asleep.
In discrimination the witness was asked
whether he had wilton letter to tue MIX
Dcucts' A--oDittton Herring ht- services as an
EXPERT aud suggesting That It that -r14 10 OF tho
year SAMPLES II mlik 81 low -pr Cinc gravity
might he obtained. An un lection Iy the defense
was sustained. Ia the same way IA answer WAS
denied to The question waetucr he mad once
testified that brewery swlA' was wholesome
/ food for CONS.
judge sutherland casually ntlmated that he
would NOS permit the question OF the value II
| the idctuWcter, a. cumparcd VITA other -ctcu-
iinc tests, to 80 TO the Jtry the only question at
issue he sand. W Wnot ler the u - OF the ltct1-
meter ia tHe milk sold hN Schrumuf. aided uy
| the inspectors sight. taste, ana smell. proved
beyond a fe''sonaOle doubt that tue mix Vas
VII ereI.
Al the German MIX dealers monthly meet-
! Ing, last evening, the ldctpmeter was fOuudly
nerated, and It was resolved 20 support those
members uf the association against whom the
! Health Board Is taking action Tor selling adul-
] ttratcu mix, and to appear IA the courts and
prove thdt the'B ard OF Health Is wroug and
! milk.
An interesting letter from n Demera at, a
| farmer Of Chester, \. y, was read, la It ne
saws; 81 cont SEQ how YOU can compl in Of the
/ COMES from tIe COWS, watch have the best Of
feed. IL must Toe the tlult of the lactumctcr.
/ II the MIX does NOT SUIT the Health
Board take n the cream, ana tDen their in.tru-
a true test, As. after taking the cream ou my
milk. o. WI stand 80 hlsu tuat you Wlll have to
! put ln water 10 rliug 10 uack To toe Head "a
| boards pure milk standard. lie oniy true test
Is "a cream tc~tcL'
A mix de Ter deacrihed "A cream tc~tor a. m
instrument 10 test tnr amount ~ ere AN ia mix.
ABOUT lutW cans 81 mhk ere brought tu the
ciy every day, Il which, ne stlu, from LOO 10
LEO are skim mlA. lie added tnat, l. the lac
tomeier should lee made tie stand nd test, tho
mix dealers would have u stop buying pure
MIX aud purchase oniN skim mix, as the lac
tom. ter register uctfcr qI.uty ~ ullk when
/ placed III -Nim mix than When placed IN milk
that In Tan Il cream.
Two ur three dealers announced their inteu-
ton to deal IN skim mi eNclu-lVeB.