, 1876-07-19

VIVA, rla Graho7o, accompanied by a staff and
guards.
VIENNA, July l.
Since the antagonism between the British
and Russian Governments in their views about
the settlement Of the pending Eastern Difficult.
ties has come to light. unceasing efforts have
been made to etface this antagonism, and bring
about an understanding By direct negotiations
between them, the other Powers Withdrawing
into the second line. This was so much the
more indicated, as by the Berlin stipulations
Russia had been i~nJrusted with the lead in
the action Of the five Powers, and as this
action has been checked by the opposition of
England, tavoured as it was by the events In
C0nstautin0ple, the result Of the negotiations
has been to bring about an approach between
the views Of England and Russia Just on the
point where such an approach seemed the most
doubtful-namoIy, on the maximum which
might be offered 10 the Insurgents of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Already last year Russia
fayourod the idea of giving an autonomy to
these Provinces similar to that enjoyed by
Servia and R0umania, and in the negotiations
which have besn going on of late with England
this idea, which had been abandoned, has been
revived by Russia, There seems to be no OBJ.
lection to the idea as such on the part of the
British Government on the contrary, it was
accepted conditionallp as an eventual mode Of
solution. AS before. 50 now, the view of the
British Government is, that the Turks ought
to be allowed time and fall freedom to carry
out the paciiaatiQni if need be, by armed
force, and ouIy If they should not succeed in
mastering the lnsurIeoti0n with all its possible
ramiications, then the Powers should step In aud
propose an arrangement on the basis of giving an
tonomy to these Provinces. Russia, on the con-
trary, proposes not to wait, but to bring forward
at once this mode Of solution in COnstantin0ple.
England taking the lead. The difference be-
tween the two views is more marked than might
appear at first sight, for The British Government
wishes and hopes that the Turks will be able
to overcome the Insurrection, and contemplates
The autonomy as q pls aler, while Russia
neither wishes nor expect that the Turks will
succeed, AS regards this Government, while
inclined to share the opinion Of England as re.
CARDS its wish to leave the new Iurkish rulers
time and freedom to act in the first line, it,
has from the beginning made no secret of it's
objections 10 the scheme Of autonomy as be-
ing, according to its opinion. impraoticabIe under
existing circumstances. These objections It
stated 10 all The Powers last autumn when the
idea WAS first taken up, and these objections
Exist now far more strongly. They have
absolutely nothing 10 do wita any specific
Alstro-Ilungariau interest. which could sure
not 30 considered as menaced in any
way Is HE creation of two autonomous
Provinces numbering together a population Of
100000 inhabi ants, They are of a general
nature. Ia Bosnia and herzegovina the
population is as homogeneous as IN ROumanla
or Saryia, bat are almost equally divided by
religion, which in Tho East means nationality,
and even far more by the land question, the
Mahommedaus being the landlords. the Kayaks
agriculurists. Nor do these two elements
live, as, for inst ance in the Lebanon, in separ-
ate districts, Ou. are mixed up together. Full
autonomy under these circumstances intro.
duced at once, after the bitter struggle which
has been going on for the last y months, is
considered here as more likely to lead to a
perpetuation of civil war than a paoi6cation.
Servi& and Montenegro, foiled in their hopes,
would do their best not to allow them TO be for
gotten. Lastly, the autonomy idea carried
through in Bosnia and in Herzegovina would
call forth all over Turkey similar desires IN
the other Provinces, some Of which-for in
stance, Bulgaria or Albania-are far more ripe
for such self-government. Self government
may become gradually developed in Bosnia
and in Herzegovina, and the reforms recon,
mended from here had that tendency, for their
object il TO create a m0dus uiUendj between
the two hos lie elements, and thus to efface the
hopeless 8utag0ni6m now existing. This can
only be effected by having the Turkish Power
over them to prevent their extermipating each
other.
TUr T-NTTTn cT Tug