National Republican., 1876-07-04


the aggregate, but directly between US and
" the King himself. They had uniformly
denied that Parliament had authority to
make laws for them. There was, therefore,
" no subsection to Parliament to be thrown off.
" Parliament is not so much as mentioned in
" the whole instrument. Hence, there was
" this clear and obvious necessity of founding
" the declaration on the misconduct of the
King himself; and this gives to that instru-
ment its personal application, and its char
acter of direct and pointed accusation"
An american Party in Great Britain and on
the ContiRent.-The act of Declaration was,
however, applauded by the enlightened and
liberal portion of the British nation, and, from
that day to this, the noblest Englishmen have
been proud to rank themselves among the
friends Of America. As had been clearly pre-
dicted also by the most sagacious members of
the Continental Congress that final announc-
ing ourselves as a nation co mmanded the re-
spect of every Cabinet on the Continent of
Europe, and opened the way for diplomatic
intercourse and confidential and public ne 90
t'ations with France, Holland and other
States. They soon afterwards saw their way
to aid TIE American cause, and, at not late
period, to recognize our independence.
HoT 'rGs the Declaration 10 be Made Good?-
This was the next great question before the
nation. The Declaration itself announces the
American theory in words, "the memory of
which" said Buckle, "can never die" The
existence of new political sovereignty de j,rc
implied the necessity of establishing it de tacto
In this manner only, by the usagcs of interna-
tional law, could the new Power claim admis-
sion into the society of nations. In a letter to
James Warren, Samuel Adams had said in the
preceding April "The child Independence is
" now struggling for birth. l trust in a short
" time it will be brought forth, and in spite of
" Pharaoh all America will hail the dignifed
stranger" 1t did; events alone were to de-
termine if it was to be thus hailed by mankind.
Resources for 4ehieeiag E,olepeadelce.-T
should be considered In the following order:
TERRITORY-In 1888 the aroa of the United
States was estimated at $50, ,6SJ square miles: in
1854, at 1885 166; in 1885, ut about 3435,O9l. The
following are the statistics:
Square
Mnes.
Original limits Of the Thirteen States s2O6sl
Louisiana. purchased of France in lsO3, for
sI5,ocO, 900. ...................... sea ,5T9
5000 ................. $500
in 1872 and 1S46.. ....................:. COS, ,OJ2
5000 $4,000
Of the war; SIS, ,ooO, coo: 81, ,955
$1,000 900. .;.::....:............. $1,000
$72cO,C0o 10000
49,, 1856
OF that portion of the territory of North
America which lies between the Allegheny
Mountains and the Atlantic coast then occu-
pied by the Thirteen Colonies rockingham
says: "This region, of a mean breadth of
about one hundred miles, and nine hundred
" miles in length, is characterized as long
" ridge of rock and sand, presenting obstacles,
" rather than offering temptations to the hus-
% bandman. 1t had, however, no wastes Hike
" the deserts of Africa, and no impossible
barriers between the north and the south:
/" while parts of 1t were enriched by nature
with the most luxuriant fruitfulness of the
" torrid zone. Its coasts were admirably adapt
" cd to foster the growth of commercial ma
"rine; and its long: wide and deep rivers in
"Vited inter communication" To the rear of
this region was the valley of the Mississippi,
which De Tocqueyille declares in his "Democ-
''cracy in America" to be ''the most magni-
"fcent dwelling place prepared by God for
"man's abode; while the whole continent
seemed to be fashioned by Providence for the
fuses Of great nation" Writing to Lord
kames in 1I7G, Franklin said: "America, an
immense territory, favored by nature with all
advantages Of climate, soils, great nayigable
"riyers, lakes, ETC., must become a great coun-
''try, populous and mighty" In No. of the
FetIeTalist, written by John Jay "to the people
''of the State of New York." printed in 1877,
in speaking Of "independent America as one
connected, fertile, wide-spreading country,
"blest with q variety of soils, and productions,
"and watered with innumerable streams for the
"delight and accommodation of its inhabi-
Giants" he says ''it appears as if it was the
"dcsign of Providence that an Inheritance 60
"proper and convenient for a band of brethren
''united to each other by the strongest tics,
"should never be split into a number of un-
"social, jealous and alien sovereignties."
AgrieHIture.-It.was in its infancy. Little
more was produced from the soil than the
necessities of the people required. All the
implements of tillage were of primitive sim
plicity, and the labor put forth upon the land
was mainly by sheer brute force. For agri-
cultural rcliances this much only was certain
that when the fields were not "trampled
by the hoof of war;" there would be always
prospect of enough food the people, no mat
ter how many of its men were sent to fight its
battles, nor how many years the war might
last. This general statement must suffice,
till We reach the close of the Revolution, when
it will be necessary to look more carefully into
the methods and extent of agriculture, and
how its products were increased.
TOpul0t:on.-Until the year 1870, when the
first census of the population of the United
States was taken, there were no means of as
certaining their exact number. The estimates
differ widely, ranging, at the beginning Of the
Revolution, from two millions and a quarter
as high as three millions and twenty six thou
sand, the latter being the estimate Of Con
gress. 1t is believed, however, that the esti-
mate was too large, and that this number
could not have been reached before the Decla-
ration of Independence. The calculation of
Professor Tucker, In his History of the United
States, volume 1, page 90, is probably the most
reliable At the date of the opening of the
Revolution he made the following apportion-
ment, which doubtless gives the relative inI-
portance of the Colonies as satisfactorily as
we are ever likely to obtain:
Massachusetts. .......................3 $50, 900
New Hampshire NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. $1,000
Connecticut Observation-Disclosures. 200 900
Rhode Island OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. $1,000
New York NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. 1s0, 900
New Jersey. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 10000
Pennsylvania OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 800 900
Delaware .,..................... 10000
MARYLAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. -, 800
Tir@inin ........................... $50, 200
North Carolina 25O,OJo
south Carolina ......................... $50, 900
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. $1,000
2,5aO,OG0