Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-03-03

agricultural college At the age Of
eighteen or twenty child's school days
are nearly finished and shall we detract
from the discipline which these common
studies furnish to introduce something else 2
When be is thorough in these studies he has
basis from which to investigate and solve
the problems Of agriculture. As scholars
standing and reputation is in bis school days,
so il will be in the ranks of life.
Col Mead; | do not like to disagree
with Mr. Hubbard but it is absurd to think
that these common school studies can ft a
person for farmer. l never got great
deal Of knowledge Of grammer before / was
fifteen years old, aud it should not be com.
menced till after that time. We should
adopt the town system of schools, then we
could have one or more central schools where
the elements Of science could be taught,
especially those pertaining to agriculture
How much more useful aud attractive to
young scholars would be easy lessons is geol-
ogy, philosophy, natural history and physi-
ology than grammar or algebra would be at
an early age.
Mr. Cushman: believe there are gen.
eral principles that underlie all ideas. We
must first make the man, or we cannot make
farmer, lawyer, minister or physician
What constitutes the mani Knowledge and
wisdom is what makes them. A man is no
more nor less on account of his profession
nor IS man necessarily honest on account
Of his profession. Can you make a. man
farmer and lawyer in one and the same
school ? Mo- one thing at time. Does a
lawyer when he chooses his profession 20 to
district school2 Ne; he goes to a law
school. Can lawyer practice there ? No;
he goes out into the community. What
would college student do if taken on to
my rocky farm to practice agriculture He
would not know how to do the first thing.
He has got to learn practically. After a
boy has been educated to be a man | want
bim taken to a school where he can be edu-
Gated especially for his profession, whatever
it mag be.
A paper was then read by J. H. Mead of
West Rutland, entitled, "Sheep Husbaudry. Il"
Then FL. ID. Morgan Of Stockbridge read
his paper on CHEESE Factories" Mr. Nor
gan was in favor of cheese factories, and
made the following estimates:
Ten pounds of milk will make one of
cheese, and two men can manufacture cheese
from four or five hundred COWS, which would
make the cost Of manufacturing about two
cents per pound He thought there was no
danger of the business being overdone, on
account of the great foreign demand for our
cheese. Estimated the nutritious value Of
cheese equal to beefsteak, Thought there
was more profit in making cheese than but
ter, and thought it paid better than other
farm products under favorable circumstances.
A paper was then read by A. Chapman oil
MiddleSury, entitled, Butter Making
Theory aud Practice"
Mr. Chapman said there was no product
attended with such vast amount of theo-
riss. After the amount that has been said
and written about butter, wonder that the
people of Rochester want to hear any more
OF 1t. One thing we can learn, and that is,
it is possible for US to be mistaken. An
other thing,-some men not very wise may
by accident make discoveries that vary from
our own aud still be nearer the truth than
we are. Respecting the best breeds of cows
l would say that it a man is good keeper
he will be likely to succeed best with the
Jerseys, but there is great difference in
them. If not good keeper, and he waits
them for other purposes, believe the Ayr
shires are the most profitable. They are
peculiar in holding out their milk during a
drouth. In regard to deep aud shallow set
ting Of milk, | am inclined to deep setting,
with proper care. Cream from some breeds
of cows will rise quicker than others, and
some cows of same breed also. The milk
from Jerseys can be set two inches deeper
than other kinds and not sour sooner. If
milk will keep long enough without souring
in the animal heat it will do as well to set
deep; if not, it should be cooled off. Aud
if by cooling we can let it stand losg enough
to rise with souring, we can see why deep
setting is best. The animal heat must be
expelled as soon as possible after taken from
the cows for the best results. High colored
cream is not always an indication of large
amount OF butter. | am convinced that we
do not get all the cream 10 shallow setting.
Next was paper by G. W.. Sawyer Of
Granville, entitled, "Fruit Raising on our
Hills"
set my apple trees in spring, aud culti-
vate two or three years. then graft in the
limbs-never in the body. The heart of n
tree ID not adapted to grating. In selecting
land for an orchard. we should choose an
eastern or southern inclination. Plow the
land deep and manure we'll After setting
the trees, cultivate with corn or potatoes.
1t will require great deal Of care not to
injure the trees. After the hoed crop you
can seed down with clover, but the trees
should be nulched Continue to feed the
trees and you will be richly repaid for your
expense and trouble The Williams favorite
is good variety Of early fruit; is not high
colored, but very hardy. The Red Astra-
chan is another good kind. For fall apples
the Porter is good, and for winter the Bald
win, Bethel and Congress. Ifapples have a
high color they will sell more readily.
have made more from my orchard than from
all the rest of my farm. Purchase trees of
responsible parties or, what is better, raise
them yourself. have had very little ex-
perience in pears and grapes, but | am con-
vlnced that they would pay in semo localities
The Flemish Beauty and Duchess arc good
pears for this climate, and as for grapes l
have tried ten varieties, aud all but three
failed. None but the earliest will do.
WI NAoSN 'u"ubuI benoIaIiy uSeless 10
try to cultivate pears and grapes in this eli
mate aud cautioned farmers against buying
trees Of apple tree agents, who are nearly
always dishonest.
Mr. w. w. Williams Of Rochester then
read paper entitled, "Shall the people of
Vermont raise their own Bread ?"
MIR Williams said he considered the affirm.
alive Of this question selfevident; that
nation to be prosperous must be sslf.reliant.
The question now is, can we do it2 Is the
climate Of Vermont adapted to it? think
it is. There are farmers among us who
raise wheat successfully. have raised it
for thirty years, and always with good re-
suits. Wheat was formerly sold. Clergy
men were paid in wheat, aud it was
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