The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1876-08-25

Written for the NEWS by n
armer and fruit grower of great
practical experience.
WHAT GEN. WASHINGTON SAID.
On the 10th of December, 1899,
Washington wrote to the mana
ger of his farm; Economy in all
things is as commendable in the
manager as it is beneficial and de-
sirable to the employer; and, on a
farm, it shows itself in nothing
more evidently, or more essen
italy, than in not suffering the
rovender to be wasted, but, on
e contrary, in taking care that
every atom of it be used to the
best advantage; and likewise in
1t permitting the plows, harness
4d other implements of husband
ny, and the gears belonging to
them, to be unnecessarily expos
ed, troden undder foot, run over
by carts. and abused in other res
poets. More good is derived from
attending to the minutiae of a
farm, than strikes people at first
view; and examining the farm
yard fences, and looking into the
fields to see that nothing is there
but what is allowed to be there,
and eftentimes is the means OF
producing much good, or at least
of avoiding much evil"
DISEASES OF POULTRY.
am constantly hearing of
great losses IN fowls by roup,
cholera, and other contagious
diseases, yet for 80 yearsI never
had but one case Of contagious
disease, (roup), and l at once dis
covered the cause was a lack OF
sufficient ventilation OF the roost-
ing house; and / claim that this
is the cause of such diseases in
every case. Ten fowls devItalize
as much air in q night as horse;
and not one person in ten who
keep poultry, build their roosting
houses so as to be properly ven
tilated in both summer and win
ter. In the summer season they
should he almost as airy as in the
open air; and in the winter their
houses should admit an abund-
ance of fresh air in from windows,
when the weather is mild, to be
let down from the top; and at all
times a large lattice cupola at the
ridge of the roof should allow the
foul air below to escape, while
fresh current will come down
through the same pa5sage-way.
Forty years spent in keeping poul-
try under various circumstances,
enables me to speak understand
ingly; and when l say any person
can keep fowls, and never have
any contagious diseases among
them, if he will properly venti-
late their roostlng houses, l claim
to say what is an established fact.
Then come the diseases in chick
ems, gapes &c., yet l have raised
chickens by the hundred for %
years, without q single case of
disease among them, in all that
time. Oecasionly a chicken or
two have died in season, but l
know that have not lost over two
in o hundred, and never one by
gapes. 1 keep the light Brahmas,
whose chickens are not subject to
gapes.
PRoPAGATING FRUITS FROM SEED.
All of our new varieties of fruits
originate from the seed. IT we
take apple, pear, CHERRY, peach,
grape and any other seed of fruits
of that class and plant them, we
never get the same varieties, If
we should grow u million of seed
ling, the tendency being to in
ferior varieties. Nor does the best
fruit produce any better varieties
than the poorest, except by mere
chance; and the chances of getting
a choice variety from seed of very
poor sorts is as good as if the
seed OF the best varieties In eX-
istence were sown. AS as instance,
the Concord grape, the best for
general cultivation in the United
States, originated from seed of the
common forest fox grape, sour
enough to make a pig squeal.
Then we may get white varieties
of grapes that rival in delicious
ness the finest varieties Of foreign
lands from the seed of black
cranes. 1t is claimed that by by
bridization we can obtain good
fruits with great ccrtainty-that
is, by efiecting cross between
two choice varieties, the good
qualities Of botn can be blended
in the new hybrid variety; but
this system Is difficult to effect
and to-day there exists no hybrid
fruits, which the originators have
shown beyond doubt to be any
thing but chance seedlings, un-
less / except a few varieties o
grades. i once sowed quantity
of grape seed, had 1000 vines
1900 bore fruit, 500 were barren
vines, and several hundred white
varieties, although the seed sowI
was from black grapes. But no
one in the whole ], 800 resembleC
tn parent vine. Any fruit tree
bush or vine that grows from cut
tings always produce It's like il
all respects.
WATERING TREES.
Sometimes it is necessary t
waiter fruit and other trees, whicl
were set this or last season, t
save them in severe drouth
Once a week is often enough t
water them; but 1t must then b
done copiously. 1 usually appl
from ten gallons to half a ban
rel of water to each tree whe
pretty large. The rose of tn
waterproof should have holes tha
will let the water out rapidly
August is generally the seyeres