The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1876-10-15

ehtierH- III ileo ilP younger iiDOt Inlnkf ne nd
found in the la Plata means Of doubling th'
barrier. and spends Ave years In the exploration
OF the river before he finally abandons the
dream Of reaching the Nouccas In that quarter
Henceforward hts projects take another direc.
ton based on hopes which the events OF the
last two years have shown to he well grounded
OF discovering northeast passage TO China. Il
was not. however, until 1919. when, after an Alb
scnce Of thirty years he reentered the Englisl
service. that he was able to put his scheme I'm
execution.
Meanwhile Robert ThUrne. an English mer-
chant measuring on a globe the compar ,tivi
distances NJ the several Europeln States from
the Mouccls. had demonstrated TO Henry
! VIII that Of all those countries, England was
| tbst before which opened the shortest route to
tue spsce Islands. The fact Is that the 70 lite Of
the Spa6iS,ts nv Cape Horn was about six
| thousand lcag es, that Of the Portuguese by tho
| C,pe OF Good Hone 'aIr thousand whereas the
distance from England o. China, surprising n
northeast passage to exist, would not exceed
twentv-seven hundred. That the sea which
battles the northern coast Of rartiry was not
only navieable, hut in ancient times had been
| actually navigated, Sebastian Cabot was per-
suadcd by certain statements Of Piiny and Cor
| nelius Nenos How otherwi1e r,,, tho hia,,
Of the suevi have despatched TO a proconsul OF
, saul INDIANS who had been thrown by a TEN
\ pest with their ship and merchandise on the
coasts OF Germ inv3" These shlpwreckad mari
ners could not have come from Africa, for they
would have encountered the Canary Islands,
! the coasts Of s ain, France. Ireland, and Eng
land. Neither could they have come from the
! West, for there Is NJ evidence that any people
Of the New World hld engaged 10 maritime
commerce. Thanks to the voyage Of vorden.
skiold, accom- pliahed last summer, we now
| know that Chinese or Tartar vessel plying in
| summer to the mouth Of the Obi or Yenessei
| from some point on the upper waters OF those
streams might have been forced by a succession
OF easterly storms To- double the North Cape, and
so led to traverse the German ocean. Cabot
determined to secure for England the China
trade by way Of what was then called the Scyth-
Ian ocean, and although he failed to attain his
specific object, succeeded In unlocking Russi,
to English commerc' =, and stripped the Han,o
towns for ever of their monopoly in the north
| ern seas.
The hour was proptious for a new maritime
| enterprise, for In the reign OF Edward W. the
English. justly proud OF their internal pros
pctity no longer supported with patience the
ascendancy Of Lubbock and Hamburg. From
the middle OF the previous century the n lnss.
attic League had lost the greater part Of the rich
! cities included In the dominions Of the Dukes
| Of Burgundy. Cologne, moreover, and other
| free towns Of the Empire, had often shown
y, mo vow, o,o -, ~, a,a,, ,,,,.,, -
| mortal hi,,y 90 ~ ,,,t ,,,t,,i.os a., 7 80, ..
| m.,o.t ,hso,,,, ,nas,o. =, a. n,,i, 90 a..
| vos, svs,cr, of c,lfs and ,t,or. A ,a,, a,,,xos
u,u Indicate ,ha uno,usl shar. 81 ,r,da 90
which English navigation resigned itself. "In
! l55l the reutonic Company exoor cd from Eng
| land 400 pieces Of woolen CLOTH while all the
native merchan,s combined sent ont but I ioo ="
wbcrovor tho Z, cr,,,,, ,.,,,,o -,,rod 49,,
| hold. IL 81 Im.d and s,,ured from unxarv ,ov
ernments the most exorbitan. eonresstons All.
/ pitted IN Rer,e, tho U,nse,,i.s ,o,,ld s,,,,
have founded there a colony if King II amin
! had NOT forbidden then, IN winter nj, Ncr,xa,i,n
! terrttory Introdnced 10 Landau in i2;c thov
were not satisfied with presently envrossing tha
export trade hut under the name of E,sterlines
acquired with the CITY itself ali IN. ,igh.s q, ,
national CORPORATION. In H7l the countin,
house at London was not only enl,rccd. h,,t h,d
! two branches. BOSTON In Lineoln.hire and Ivp,,
in Norfolk Nv turns supple and arrnrant. I'm,
Hanse towns had won the favor of Henry VI
and imposed their will on Edward ". while tho
most resolute and far.sivhted monarcns strlip
ccd IN vain against their .x,ctions. In l4pl.
while Cabot's father was ntishine his resc,rcbes
westward, the ENJOYS OF Henry VII declared AT
Antwerp that henceforward German merchants
would receive tho same treatment IN England AZ
was accorded to Englshmen in the norris Of the
league The menace, however. was not OK
ecuted. and for sixty years longer English
manufactures and navigation rem lined I'm ina
gives Of Hanseatic MONOPOLY No nation was
ever more strongly prompted by its situation TO
become maritime people. or submitted
through failure to grasp her opportunities. TO n
more complete commercial subjupatlon. hut
for the discovery Of the White sea by the ex
petition set on foot by Sebastian Cabot, and the
conseq lent stimulus supplied to her maritime
activity, II is reasonably certain that England
would havo remained for another century the
ellen; Of the lanso towns, and proved utterly
unable to withstand the assaults of thea rmada.
IL now we glance st the most authoritative
charts OF this epoch, Martin Bshlim's map Of
the world and the so-called planisphere Of SCI
bastian Cabot. we shah Ind the lateral contours
II the two great continents indicated with con-
siderable accuracy. Africa. Indin. Cathay. ia
pan, and America from Dlvis's Straits 10 the
Straits Of Magellan are known, but when we
turn to the northern portions Of the eastern
hemisphere, and seek to ascend above the aftv.
third degree Of latitude. the errors and l,cnna
appear astounding. Beyond this parallel Law tho