New-York tribune., 1876-09-07
SOCIAL SCIENCE.
8 AT SARATOGA.

WHITE ON SILVER.
yRou AN OCCASIONAL CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRrBuNE'l
SARATOGA, Sept 6.-The general meeting OF
fbe Social Science Convention opened last evening
by an address from President Wells on Ihe present
Tndnstrtal Commercial, and Financial Depression-;ts
causes and Remedies" Through unaccountaole
blunder the Town Hail. which had been advertised as the
raIyng place for the evening" was found TO Dc engaSe
and the social scientists obliged to acourn TO te
Congregational Church. Consequently Mr. Weile naH
smaller audience than he ought to have had but II was
an audience be weighed rather than numbered Inc
main points OF his address are as follows:
The United states has been so rich In natural
resources yet the year s fun OF Industrial dlmcnes-
C,me is on the increase. Confidence between man anu
is impaired what are the causes OF story pfesorS
10 to these questions, submit the pFoposip
that no enterprise public OF prVae, can
with It's supervision clearly answer these three qes
scnnd What are the conditions precedent or nstp
menaiities available or possible Tor doing M uhaS wIen ~
ourselves aud others Ia the past IN SEEKING te at
mSt oI Ana III ES oye u fe nation and he stnaton and
see through their answers, we may be led TO any tng
And frst in respect to the question What as a nation
do we propose to accOmplisht Ny answer woulu 20
average Of material abundfnce aud that degree Of
intelligence wdcn will enable tn people to use sIe1
abundance most advantageOusly Tor lhe attainment o
the mgnest physical, intellectual, and moral develop
ment. ,-. -. ~,
maximum Of NStionli abundance9 Tnere must be the
ihysea eiciency or energy; then adequate capital
the results accumulated labor; the intelg nee quick
10 devise and skful htles Tor ecOn0-
mzng labor utilizing the natural forces the protec
ton and security for ie and proleTy, so Suen system IN
law will prevent the in!erp0sltlon OF ooSGclSs III
the way OF the equitable dis tibuuOn Of the wealth. OF
tue nation Finally would include one other condition
hat the nation shall possess homogenety, aud should
not have Incorporated into ts national ne race ee
shows that the AngOsaxon tyre ol race OH tis cont
cannot assinilae 70 or digest the co9red races
a, n.fon im al
place. tue only alternatives are to destroy OF Do de
AS TO our national resources they abundant Their
capabilities of development are hardly realsed
country Tie principal FACTORS, in contributing to tue
ehcency labor peeulirties OF race and nreealnS
cOntradssingulshed from duet medgor unlioiIn ana
cHS % n,s ~ no al na social environments as encourage
ratuer depress and degrade the aborer IIe nd
cuntry labor Uui.ed had III times past
no superior. The result of winch is tnat the average
product in the United states Is IN most f'ic
lars exceptionally large as is proved by tue ccns ahoe
interest for many years has Deen nigh.
TIE condition OF the United States IN respect 10 lts re-
few wears ago Closer communication different
parts o the country and tue world nave maHe ctDSe
the amount OF tne worlas active capital IN taV any any
nation may command Is limited only oy the con
lvint remuneration and security whGn & I,d WI oher &
Tne value OF annual pr0uue. o. he Dni.ce n ses
has been valously estimated, put Gen Waker uiakes
would Oe a safe statement OF the average amount oi
annual production 10 per eent of u the aln1iht Vi
estimating the product and saving ior period oI years
thai deductions 10 be mate l0r sacn things US 1he Mes
Chicago and Boston, Nhen 81 llS,OOOOOO anu @IJVVV-
00Owere swept off IN day Duilns tne laSt ~ y.ats
this nation has probably merely maintained the assre-
it IS eyide. from examination that the present condi
tOn of oountry Is not due to natural CAUSES IL
is due to artitcl causes aud can be removed
The first point Cua strikes attention is the unlVefsaly
present depression in business ~ rs World %iuG
though sgut IN pruculur nations, in France IL Is
tne greatest ia the United States Ihs does nos teac
however depression lis due entiieB 10 causes
acting universally, but investigation Wll sbO" tn' ne
result We recognize has been que I,SI 70 & .1
concurrent of Very many causes, ORIGINALLY local.
ana whicn had beeu lsoatd o the extent tnLt
igY hmlted, endemic, in Their nnuehccs Dut WHICH,
under tue ciose Relationship miO when ha,lons naIe
been brought by improved means Ut inercOmnuncatOn
have becOme ala perysdng on elHcnie, IN ii IieiT IN
ono country, coming INTO actioa ana producing dls
turDance trVug wirOe crcie VI clViize sGes
Al nearly tue SANE time think OF onIy tnat
eul To be classified, aud Ihat Is the steady and
introduction and use OI saving machinery
and proeesses. more important in ehcs nOMeye['
the aggregate loss capital winch Tor 10 or 10 years Inc
wOrid been experiencing These ioss1s are uue ~
bad inv FgIfO ID bonds tne colossal war OK
pendures OF the worm He national debts Ol Le Woiid
have Increased $1,000 900 since 1861 KING tef
a. seeato nov @2o,UOOVVOVVO) the pd.os anu ~
the Of the world tie Dahkruptcy OI govern
lads ia the Uned states. long array Ol nguiss anu
facts pauatiOn Of tLese points was suDmiue1l
Anoi her agency which has operated eOnJOlntiY ana
powerfully tAan war expenditures ana am OK
eesIVe currency to impair tie aggregate Oi
naunal abundan,e by diveItng LABOR tr0m productive
10 unprOductve less productive employ Mehts ana
Which is cve now iii fdll continuance mas been aud Is
Tue wholesale recognition aud practical application
sinee 1850 OF doctrine OF extreme protection as
part Oh our uatOud sea policy. And tho loss VI caI-
TAI and waste OF whci have experienced ana
ae experiencing IN consequence OF tus Ocy nave
entrlDnted more tiaI any tn-, in my OpjnOn 10
make poor and VIII continue 20 Keep us So 50 long
cUnuuued And now long II VIII De cOntnued VIII
depend on just now long II WIN take our peope 70 IS
40 le truth OF the quaint ana h2mey e1pleSslon nv WINCH
has got 70 set up early nat expects 10 get aOuu
Ihe excessive Issue and of irredeemable cur
ronoy inparng national production ana N dihhIsi
Z the aggregate national abundance excessive rail-
way eOnssIuotOn decreased agricultural prOdnct ana
decreased piOuuctyeDess OF labor have added lheir
snare 10 the impairment OF the national abundanee
in regard remedies, the trst s the use Ot honest
tnOaeY. Specie payments are essential Before Prus
eaause entire fiscal policy of tins ndtlOn-a change
aeceded voluntarily and intelgently or forced upon
us through further hard ANA costly experiences 10 Dtgh
WIN there has got and speedy reduction IN
public expenditures, Fcdcla, oLe, ana muuItlgdi
luis is 1t H. the legitimate, permanent ana reg
uir OF production over CONSUMPTION that constr
suFest, rather the only basis ior large re-
Enumeration for DOtD labor ana capital ana tne sur sen
oi returning prosperity Al tle suplu oi Pt"u,eton
consumption Is not allowed 10 nave Iee iDdrhct,
II IL now out OF the country through the channels
export It Inevitably rolls back upon the domestic mar
depressing " point where trade ana cou-
can resume their natural ana normal ehahhels;
Taere must hUrefore DO the freest hOrt O mterhahoh
Aud finally, TINS nation must be more honest
than IL now Is.
THE PROGRESS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE.
The convention was opeued this morning by business
reports and communications from members, followed By
the report the Secretary OF the Associaon r. b. San-
boru which not only an annual report bot Centel
NAL one treating mainly Of the progress of social science
in America II it were just that should appTo-
pirate what no ten rightully claiu said Mr..
sanborn Franklin might be called the father OF social
sccnee for uOne the OF his time did 10 give
IL place in the world. Franklin formulated nothing,
had no system, and often inconsistent IN his reasO
ing; bat broad good In which he excelled all
men Of his tne and the admirable beneyolence Of his
f.a aud