davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15

sumption of specie payments at time whel
resumption will be practically impossible, anG
that true financial policy would induce Con
gress to set apart portion of the specie de.
rived from import duties for the gradual re
demption of greenbacks.
s. The separation of the money or the gov
eminent from all banking institutions. The
national government only should exercise the
high prerogative Of issuing paper money, and
that should be subject to prompt redemption
on demand, III gold and silver. the only
equal standards of value recognized by the
civilized world
How handsomely this 'ontrasts with
the disnwatery utterances OF the RepuD-
licans aud Democrats on the same
subject 1t is in the main, incontroverl-
IDLE truth. handsomely expressed. We
do not quite agree with the closing words
OF the last resolution We do not be-
lieve that this debtor nation can per-
manently retain within its own borders
enough gold and silver to redeem the
greenbacks required by the business OF
the country, but it they were fundable
in a bond worth par in gold it would
answer the same purpose.
We congratulate the Temperance-Re-
formers on the boldness and good sense
they have manifested in this matter.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
THE WHITE WILLOW

An Iowa paper publishes the follow
| ing blast against the White Willow, Il
favorlte tree for tree planting in Iowa.
WHITE WILow-It is strange that, after
the repeated failure of the willow for fencing,
| farmers should still he with and anxious to
| try the experiment. 1t has been my lot to
| travel through some of the counties where will
| low has been on trial for mauy years, and that
| quite extensively, and have the first complt t.
willow fence yet to see. have talked with
scores OF farmers who have their farms set mot
| fenced) with it, who would give almost any
price il the willow was away; They have but
one apology for 1t, that it makes good wind
break. But farmers must learn that wind
break and fence are two different things. The
objections are: First, That it does not make
good fence. Alta certain stage, if properly
treated, say at three or four years old. it seems
! 10 look like fence; but soon the trees enlarge,
many of them dieand your fence is ruined
Second, 1t damages farm more than It would
cost to build and keep in repair good pine
board fence and cedar posts. Farmers tell me
that for two rods, and often more, ON each side
Of their willow hedges the land is worthless
Third, The size and vigorous growth of the
willow trees forbid their being raised so close
together as is necessary to make a fence, or
being dwarfed. and kept down like some 9TH
or kinds OF hedging.
Fourth, In the last few years, a small para
site in innumerrble hosts, has attacked it and
killed much of it. The subject of fencing is
one which atte IS the interests of the farmers
more than any other, and should b. consider
ed With care and attention. Good fences make
good nelghbors: good neighbors make good
communities Bad fences. next to intemper-
| enee, one of the most fruitful sources of
trouble and crime 1t is a subject which We
should consider. both finacely and morally,
and 1t might well claim the attention of the
Polk County Farmers Club, and every other
club and grange in the state f. +, BLYLER.
Mitchelriiie, lIarch 4, 1876.
We will have to call on brother Hold
ges tor his experience. Another writer
says you cannot raise an orchard inside
an enclosure of white willow that moth
in will grow within twenty feet OF them.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
4 CASE or VIOLENCE.

Our old friend, Judge smith. OF Litch
field, offered a series of resolutions.
semi humorous in their character. at the
democratic county convention OF Meeker
county (and which was incontnently laid
on the table, embracing the following
proposition -
Resolved, That the State Convention to be
held in Saint Paul on the first OF June next,
be requested to invite the Hon. lgnatus Dom
nelly 10 make a homestead at the Reform
School, and that he cease all further fruit
less efforts to violate the chastity OF thu. good
old Democratic Republican party OF tn, state
Violate the chastity of the good old
Democratic party" Why we should rs
soon think OF violating the Judges chas-
tity. He Is much more tempting NOR
sci.
The Judge in his youth played with
the megatherlum and gambolled with
the iethyosawrus; and in middle age ne
read the resolutions OF '9S from the
poop OF the ark. W hen Ham and Shem
were fishing tor gudgeons with spoon
hook. He struck out for Meeker county
rs soon as the flood subsidized and has
been running for Office IN that vicinity
ever since.
And yet in spite OF all this he is avery
worthy old gentleman and universally
respected.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
THE FINANCIAL SITUATION

We do no. regard Gen. Butler as be-
longing to the higher type o. the genus
| homo. but he sees good deal with those
strabsmic eyes and he is bold in speak
lng ont his conclusions For so much we
honor him.
The other day a N'H York Herald re-
porter interviewed nlm and. among 9th
her things. Ben said
The fact is thu people ar in trouble and We
ara not vet at the b0'soIn point We ar. not
spending any m)I's, c,,i,,i.i..r, alter careful
thought, that an AZ. s. .t.ehsn-nt Tor man
woman and chiia l.Sss A'.,s .th,., l.-..nhnieut
oF So,op,uVo q l. f. t.A,9 =. 80 % .J.D,sJ
out OF the gen ls.ek.t { aDe axes ana
You make priil's- Wy l.,I- stop asti rly hau.l,
can't buy your ciuth-- Then ...-gr mil .,+..
and your people don't bay Ia. AXES. And -
throughout the whole county. W-'re ali
mortgaged up to our eyes. II the property 10
New York city from the Fifth Avenue Hotel M
10 l"ntral Park was sold TO-DAY il wouldn't Be
aole to discharge its mortgage lis the same
way In Boston. Its the same way -.v-rywhere
hFee years ago client Of milne butt two
stores; one cost 500, 600. tn. cite, Z 100 900
They gave him rental OF SIS 600 Some prop.
erey IN the town was. nv the death ri 'ws. old
maids. thrown suddenly on the market Nv
client purchased 1t and borrowed SEA. 40 el,
his stors.> ior tina, purpose Kent, ~. :, Ii. Z
he WAS aol- To get only SO, ovv OF. Il. .wu l4-
terssi and taxes made big hol.. II as s,-ssi :.
Presently ne couldn'. pay The in,-r.->;. ana h..
came 10 me TO know II ;hare was any law bv
which he could compel tue savings ts.nA tf,si
made the loan 10 take the whole IF ,u. estate
on which the loan made and discharr. him
from debt. told him knew @. none. We'll
h struggled along for six months longer, and
.hsii STA 'As tank lropiA We're pressing him
for the interest. and ha feared he Would hsvs n
sell all he had to CT out of the serape. l,wa
a hard ca>.. and told him As las, -.-s,rt IA
say to the tsns for ne that they must i've hi %
time. ano. llDCt, 10 sell the prorertv and
would 60 b-tor. the people with the provsi,.
statement tina; they rad ben leaning ill.,, 10,
pies savings on insufficient >scurityl fh-y
haven't sold MIN ont vt
We learn that eastern swing com
pauies now refuse Ia l,,la money ON .i;y
real estate.
Think c a p9.icy whicn mas rendered.
houses. lots. stores. ETC.. pract.cz.,y
valueless.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
Philadelphia Ledger says, under date of

Philadelphia Ledger says, under date OF
April 25:
| The announcement in this mornings cable
dispatches that Hindostan is sending large
quantities of wheat to the English market,
which finds ready sale at prices lower than the
lower grades Of American and English can be
sold for, is creating some little stir among the
trade here. At the Produce Exchange the mat
ter was much discussed, and it was agreed on
all hands that if Hindoo economical labor and
| cheap lands, along with cheap transportation
via Suez Canal. are thus coming in competi-
ton with US, it may be ere long serious bust
ness for our farmers, unless they can find ways
and means to cheaper production. How that
Is to be done no one ventures to say, but done
it must be, if we are to retain England as our
principal customer
S me dealers were inclined to pooh pooh the
matter, intimating that the story had been got
ten up simply 20 "bear" the market here, but
on reference to printed circulars and market
reports OF previous date by mail it was found
that there was no doubt whatever that wheat
from Calcutta has been placed in the Liver
pool market, and that it was meeting with a
ready sale.
They might just as we'll attempt to
break down the cotton market by spread
ing a report that immense quantities of
cotton were coming forward from Mime
sofa. Wheat is the prodact of temper
ate climates: it will never be raised in
large quantities in a tropical region like
H;ndostan. 1t is true there are high
lands near the Himalayas on which
wheat might be raised but they are far
inland and devoid of means oil transport
tation, and we need fear nothing from
any SUCH competition.
Give us successful selfbinder and we
can defy the world.
Hon. P. H. Rahilly has ordered from a
Lake City machinist a threshing machine
that will thresh 1000 bushels OF wheat
per day!
With cheap lands, rich soil and labor
saving machinery we need not tear the
whole world in the matter OF wheat
raising. And that is our staple, and our
great reliance for growth and great
ness.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
proving the condition OF the people? Are
not human beings of more account than
gold a ID silver
WHAT DOES TT MEAN?
The Faribault Republican says !:

Inc Farlbault Repuollcan says:
DEMOCRACY AS ARTFUL DoDGERs.--Some
Democrat from this city, i'll telegraphing to the
P,Oneer-PresS the proceedings OF the Rice
county Democratic County Convention, adds,
''the dell CATION Is strong one, and a unit for
hard lnuley and for Samuel Tilden for Pres
ident." This will be news to the greenback
element in this section, to whom the Democrat
ic managers have been whispering. cam L not
tondly thine Own?" 1t is notorious that two of
the delegates, Hon. J. NJ. Archiba aud Shcr-
lit Barton, are members OF the Greenback club
and all the members of the delegation are un-
dnerstood to be opposed to the resumption act
resolutions that would have brought the con-
vention to the test Of placing itself fairly on
record upOa the hard money issue would have
been offered by the secretary of the Greenback
Club, who was one of the delegates, but as the
result Ut earnes assurances that the delegation
was All right, they were suppressed. After the
delegates were chosen, the ludicrous haste
with which motion to adjourn was made and
carried showed the mortal fear that possessed
the convention, lest the greenback spectre
should again come to the front.
1t appears by the report OF the pro-
ceedings printed last week that Rice
county cast her ten votes solidly tor Ills
den, the embodiment and advocate OF
hard money and specie resumption.
Ii these gentlemen think that they can
serve God and Mammon after that
fashion they will find themselves mis-
taken.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
THE SUBSIDIZED PRESS or THE
UNITED STATES.

One OF the worst features of our pres
ent sad political situation is the manner
in which the leading newspapers have
been subsidized. A Democratic friend
in this city tells US that he was present in
the office Ut an Iowa editor the other day
when he received an elaborate puff of
Iilden, accompanied by draft tor SO.
The editor showed it to him and laughed
and said, sot course he would publish
it,"
We clip the following report OF CON
versation with Hon Peter Cooper from a
late issue OF the New York Irish World ::
I'VE look too much At men," observed the
philanthroplst, land forget the necessity of
looking at principles. The Constitution shows
Us what to do Nowadays people know very
little about the Constitution, and care less. "
Reserring to the foreign press of New York, he
SAID: II sat next to jonas, of the Times; at the
Chamber OF Commerce dinner the other day,
and went ali over this question with him He
assented as went along, and then said: "You
are correct, MIR. COPPER; this is all As you say;
but We cannot say in the Times. The fact Is.
the papers are subsidized without knowing it
wealth OF our great corporations" What Mr..
COOPER says OF the Times may with equal truth
be- said oi almost every daily journal in this
city They are directly under foreign control.
or else under the influence Of those " no are la
boring for foreign interests The sooner the
people come to understand this, the better for
the people. They have been led on blindIy too
long 10y a hrellng foreign press, sailing under
false COlors.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
ANOTHER CONVERSION.

Inc Plone-rPre-S- Tribune, if the
fru'st must be- SPOKEN. dues not love u. +:
aud vet it should. We have been TOR
years its exemplar, its model, and its
tutor. We converted it from its heret-
ical views IN reference to tree-plAnting !:
we led it up hv slow steps from the Ser
bonian bog OF Protection on to the high.
dry. prairie !: nd Of Free Trade: and
now.-strangest OF ALIVE nave con-
verted it from the abominable, damna-
bic. and destructive doctrine of '.Imme-
diatc Resumption. into an advocate OF
the repeal OF the law Of January. 1874.
To De sure the p P. T does not come
forward, like the prodigal son in the par
able. ind cry out to Us, with tears in its
eyes. Father, have sinnedbefore heav-
en- and against thee, and am no more
worthy to be called thy son." Ii it had.
we should have received it with open
arms and killed the lated cali for il -
and If we bad hadno veritable calf to kill
We should have killed Bill Tod. rs being
fat enough and calf enough for all prsc-
teal purposes. But instead Of this tho
P. p !. .cfnes home IN \ golden chari-
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
THE FRUITS OF CONTRACTION.


There are terrible times coming
The Hoosier Patron of Indianapolis
says:
The Hon. VIM. d. Kelly, OF Pennsylvania,
was laughed at anu de uounced rs = demagoGue
when III his speech Al lronton, Ohio, during
the campaign last fall, he warned the capt. lists
Of the country that unless the wheels of indus
try were set IN motion, Labor would in less
than year take capital 10y the throat" The
year has not rolled around yet, but on WeInes-
day night last mass meeting OF unemployed
men, MANY OF WHOSE FAMILIES WERE STARVING,
was held AT Indianapolis an rsssS.c resolution M
plainly threatening 10 DO this very thing: and
unless the threats ara Needed. We Tear they will
turn out not To tv Idle osies l. II Wis, to shut
our eyes 10 the fact that state OF affairs now
exist that unless speedily remedi,d will lead TO
agrarian outraGe> and political auarchyi TheS,.
unemployed people will not 20 en- u,as,.. 10
the poor house: they VIII not s.,s their families
iarnisuej ami then turned into the streets. The
cry OF communism has no isrrors Tor them: but
the tare possibility Of Its advocates carving its
principles into practice, ouSh, 10 have terror
for those who now control the wealth of The.
country
Men will cry communism :" but he is
the true communist who by cruel and
unjust attempts 10 increase the purchas-
ing power OF money drives thousands of
starving workmen.-men willing tn
work il they can get work.-,o deS,eer-
alton. On his heal be the conseace :
ces.
Is it not time to stop discussing "
aud means OF in'rea,lli.. the value nj
Ooiey and give so'uc sgenuon 10 isu-
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
Anti-9}to'lopoli5t*
lCNATIUS DONNELLI. Editor
FOR PRESIDENT.
Peter Cooper,
OF NEW YORK.
FOR VICE PRESIDENT.
Newton S.Booth.
OF CALIFORNIA.
HOT WEATHER.

A correspondent of the Inter Ocean
writing from Philadelphia under date Of
June Sd says
To-day for the first time since the opening,
We have had what might be termed hot day.
The mercury assembled to 95 in theshade, but IN
the glare OF the sunlight on the asphalt pave
ments or beneath the reflected warmth from the
sides of the buildings, the scale marked rs.
ing the warm days of midsummer, and the
prospect is not refreshing. Inside the build
ings the atmosphere was stagnaDt, outside the
breezes were changed with holiness, and there
was no comfort anywhere.
Read this, Minnesotians, and thank
God for your cool and bracing climate
Who would not rather endure a little
more cold in winter if he can escape
such toried heats in summer? You can
fence out the cold you cannot fence out
the heat; while the cold is invigorating
and the heat facilitating.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
WHAT THE EISTIS COMING 70.

The Union, OF New Haven. Conn.
(lndtpendneD SAID the other day
We hazard nothing in saying that in the
states OF Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con-
nectleut There are, at the lowest calculation
twenty thousand children between the ages o;
i've and fourteen who work in factories all the
year round and never get glimpse of a school
book. The parents Of these children arr either
indifferent or SO poor that the small stipend
earned 10y thu little ones is necessity for their
support The children grow up in Ignorance
their moral sense Is Stuuted by their surround
ings, and the community suffers in conse-
quence so long As pubic opinion tolerates
such state OF affairs and manufacturers find it
prohAbie To employ children, the present evil
VIII continue.
In New England the laboriny classes Ar,
GROWING morn sUssERvIENr BACH rvAR, which
Is a sure Sign OF spreading Ignorance. In verv
many manufacturing towns the mill owners
claim TO not ouly own the LABOR, but the vorks
OF Their male operatives, and it Is u common
'hlnH tor men TO b. driven 20 the polls like So
many sheep, 10 obey lhe commands OF the.
driver
In the west there Is nothing Of this kind.
There Is no such abJect dependence. The pub-
lie spirit Is more libenaA more tolerant the,
people arr untrammeled and free. This Is a sign
OF Intelligence and bears on, the claims Of oEr
Western contemporary.
ms Is strong testimony. coming from
connecticut paper. published in the
midst OF the things OF which it speaks.
Has not the Republic already ceased
to exist IN regions where capital con-
trois the ballot box and "men are driven
to the polls ike 50 many Sheep Add
this horde of slaves to the purchasahle
voters Of the cities and towns and one
has indeed cause to tear that We are cele-
orating the first and the last centennial
OF Republican institutions in this nation.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
SOUND DOCTRINE N
Ne II
QUARTER.

The Iemperence-Retorm Party OF the
state OF MinnUota met the other iay and
placed a ticket in the field and endorsed
the candidates of the national Ternuer.
ence organization AMI iaev embraced
IL their platform the following ut;erarees
on the financial 9ue>sio8 -
That II Is the dafy ~ tss- general gov m
hi"nt 70 sssAoaaSn io>i "Iss- ssvin-> tanks.
similar 10 those os urrag b.sf...u y b.r.. fas..r
lu- and women ,,4sy c.o,l, ,s,-,, ,4.r,s,,-
earnings without the danS ii s.ssi,.. ;.,s IN
= That Il IS the duty ug Congress l., r,s;-@.
In. act Of January lssa, .>sS, rs-aus>rr.- = W..
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15

The reverence for gold and silver is a
relic OF b.roarism," and is strongest
with tne;ruder. half civilized peoples :.
China aud India haze been absorbing
gold and silver Tor thousands OF years !:
they disappear there Is water disappears
% the sands OF the desert
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
NE TALLIC T.4LUES.

Some have an idea that gold and sill
yer are adopted as measures Of value be-
cause they are the most costly of the
metals. The truth is there are many
metals worth ten times as much per 10.
as gold and thousand times as much as
silver. The following table, taken from
the San Francisco Chronicle, and based
on Trommsdortf & Schuchard's price list,
demonstrates this:
KoI,,
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
WHOLE NO. lO1.

reducing expenses some four million of
dollars. These bills had to meet the
approval Of the Republican Senate. The
associate press report shows how thew
Jared there. We quote:-
The senate resumed consideration Of the nm.
finished business, being the bill making an
preparations for the legislative, executive ana
Judicial expenses of the government for the
year ending June 80, 1877, the pending ou ssse
ZION being on the amendment of the COMMITTEES
Oh appropriations t to restore the salary of the
president 10 $5O, OOO from and after March 4
1871, and it was agreed to-yeas 81: navs =, ~
follows: - as
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
MORE BoSH.

The spectators. in their efforts 10 ye
the farmers wheat for nothing bsvs
started new hug-bear.
Tue New l"sA correspondent q, IN,
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15
SQEELCHLVC Reform.

Do tie people really desire retrench-
men, and reiorm3 One would infer
so from the platforms of all the political
parties The people are poor, debt-Dur-
dened, tax-piuDdered; and time and
time again the Republicans have said :
put Us IN power again and we will re-
duce the cost OF government; we will
cut of ali useless expenditure.
The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-06-15

Two years q
democratic HID
and for several
been laboriCW|
Whist The Re-
ard they kaW
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1876-04-25
N.Y. Gin W,rbsr IN mr. Sib, "a IN nm

sY Sin Wsrb6r in Der 8iids, 10 1T am
ridtisiten, meint bas 80. B. g., bas
3mieseiprd1 Su bsseitnen, wel9es por Ell:
nissn Tasen Spii1en elmer Srau unb elmer
R6din ltattfanb, welde 9estsre, BON elmer
iosen. !Subrinserin seididt, iid meloete,
nm ols R6hin aufsenommen su weroen.
60din: s bitt, mann wiro benn seipeiit2
Srau: uni 2 ubr. SSbia: MuB fein
aetOdt wsrbsn2 Srau: SIR ssp6bnllde
Sausmannsfolt. 601in: llns ON abeno,
muB Sa frii1 sefo1t weroen2 Srau: sSa,
Rodin: Sir wie uiele Yerionen2 Die
6rau, auf bas Serbor ~sinssbsno, eruisSerte
NIT benz grnlt zines 3susen Dor @eri6t:
6iir II Yerionen. &S5in: Sinb piel
lsi9t aud feline Rinbsr babel? Srau: ga.
pier 6inber. 665in: Isle oft iino Sieie?
6iau Unit Mibe oaS 9aden usrbersenS) /:
Oas dlteite 1T IL, has iinsite 4 Sabre.
669in: s bitt, bleibt bas pieIs 8upfsrges
idirr fret berumbdnsen? Srau: Natirli6.
66din: Sa, baben's benn teinen @eidirrs
taitsn? Srau: 3 ia, barinnen iinb anoere
Sausserdtbfdaften. RS5in: limb bas
9ass iou pielei9t bic Robin puseu?
Srau: @emiB. 60din: limb net sebt
bsnn s~intuufen2 Srau: SIS piro fat aaes
ms Saus seididt. .Sodin: go i6On,
aIio nit einmal elm RorbseIo idaut ed ba
bsraus, fir 10 elm Dienif Oant | = iast's
unb sntfernte fi9 idIeunisft. @abrIid,
ern braifiiber geIes fur bic bier bsrri&snbe
Oieuitbotens Wi lere!
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1876-04-25
So6m SoGn

ct. GIoap, Rinneiota,
bdit st tsaen Nai6taen fur FARMER an 6ans, u<l&s ~tf.
lid BON "a. PAUL unp painnsapslts ~ bds<a aas,
H&mIt9;
Die Nultn'an unb 5asler . TrfGmaf&tRt,
@0Oes e. ItlbinSsr. Reaper v. WabtE,
Glrases Harvester. Champion Reaper une
Wabtr. Eagle W6bu.
NsStrrry uns Superior Sdemaf&ine.
@ssb Sewing Raf&ine,
Creditor vuSmibls flaming mill
2sdt Lever Rake, Norwegian une Dtrou pFiss
a. {. 10.
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1876-04-25
TESTIMONIALS.

New Haven, Conn, Sept. 10, 1876.
The Banner did not reach here till Monday,
one day to late for our intended ceremony.
Nevertheless it is so fine really fine, that its
excellence makes up for the disappointment.
We are entirely satisfied with it.
Most respectfully yours,
Row II A MIRDHN
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1876-04-25

gy Sin %Qisblinssiose 8ismards. Der
Iufaui Der Giienbabnen Sur9 bas &sid.
ifoBt nsd INNER. ielbit in Der national
liebsraIen. Sreiie auf OppoFtion. Cot,
man ben 0euten, Die bod nit benz Geid :
~tanslsr burd Did uno OHM sesansen i ,,
mirtIi9 Die 8iihubeit sutrausn, nap iie rtbt
aud nit ibm fabrsn poQen.