davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16

ties in nearly all the coast and valley coun-
ties of this State. From all [ have received
good reports. From eight acres of this
sowing, in 1869, cut two crops for hay and
one for seed, the first and third for hay. Tt
yielded over five tons of seed, nearly 1900
pounds per acre, and was sold for twenty
live cents per pound.
Its yield i'll some seasons is truly beyond
credence. In 1870 estimated the yield to
be ten tons to the acre, and grazed the fields
from the fifth of November to the first of
April In this county (Yolo) some have cut
five crops during one summer. This was
up the Sacramento river, where the soil is
warm, light and alluval.
From Santa Barbara county / have adj
vices that six and seven crops have been cut
during one season; but there it is warm and
grows through the whole year.
Some cut when the growth has attained a
height of two feet, without reference to its
age or maturity. am of the opinion that
it ought to have greater age to be of the
highest excellence. My rule is to let it con-
tinue the blooming for ten days or more; it
is then less Washy and far better for horses
than if cut earlier, For mich cows it is
good at any age.
There is great advantage in following for
this crop. The time to plow is late in the
winter or early in the spring, before the
rains have entirely ceased. BY thus expos
ing the soil to the sun during the summer
all vegetation is destroyed; it should then
be put in fine tilth by the plow, harrow and
roller If needed. During September or Oc-
tober the seed may be soWn and lightly
brushed or rolled, but not narrowed after
sowing, as seed terminates well only on or
near the surface. From fifteen to twenty
pounds are sown to the acre.
We do not usually cut anything from it
during the first season, pasturing it only.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
NO. II.

ORIGIN OF FPLANTs.-Cabbage and buck
wheat originated i'll Siberia; celery in Ger
many; the potato is a native of Peru; the
onion originated in Egypt; tobacco is ma
tive of South America; millet was first
known in India; the nettle is native OF
Europe; the citron of Asia; oats of North
America; rye came originally from Siberia,
the parsnip Is a native Of Arabia; parsley
was first known in Sardinia the sunfiower
was brought from Peru; spinach was first
cultivated in Arabia; the pear and apple
are from Europe: the horse-chestnut is a
native of Thibet; the cucumber came from
the East Indias; the quince from the Island
of Crete; the radish is native of China
and Japan; the horseradish came from the
south of Europe.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16

heaven to earth, from earth to heaven and
as imagination (science) bodies forth the
form of things unseen, the poets (chemist's)
pen turns them to shapes, and gives the airy
nothing local habitation and a name, u
Professor Tyndall has enlightened lis on the
subject of solid matter in the air; and, as
Tor its perpetual motion, we have only to
examine sunbeam in a dark room OF cellar.
Inc bulk OF every plant and living object is
derived from, and ultimately goes to, the
ar Undertakers always bore a hole in
leaden coffins for the escape of gasses, which
would, otherwise, bulge and burst the coffin.
Recently an undertaken, (rather green in
the matter), omitted to make hole in the
leaden coffin, and was astonished in finding
it forced out Of shape, and gurgling noise
within. In his distress he applied to friend
who soon managed an escape for impent
gasses. 120,000,000 tons of coal which we
raise annually, once came from the air as
vegetation, and disappear in air by combus-
ton, again to form vegetation, eXceptin both
cases the tritiing percentage of incombusti-
bic ash which ever was, and ever will be,
earthly and non-fnria. A city or haystack
disappears in combustion, leaving only the
earthly and non-erial ashes. Well, then, if
the air is so full of good and necessary things,
how can we best obtain them for our use
and profit? How can we best get back from
the atmosphere that enormous amount Of
carbonic acid and ammonia (plant food) Civ
en- to it by decay, combustion and by other
sources? In well-drained and properly cul-
tivated soils the air circulates freely, and the
roots Of plants obtain from the carbonic acid
and ammonia circulating within it a portion
Of their food by their roots, just as their
leaves do from the carbonic acid and ammo
MIA in the atmosphere. Liebig, in his Prin-
ciples Of Agricultural Chemistry, No. Z, p. 10,
says, ''The roots Of plants in regard to the
absorption Of their atmospheric food behave
like the leaves-that is, they possess, like
these, the power of absorbing carbonic acid
and ammonia, and of employing these, in
their organism, in the same way as if the
absorption had taken place through the
leaves.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
ALFALFA,

In the July, 1875, report of the depart
ment of Agriculture, was an article from the
pen of n. Wyckoff, Of Woodland, Yell coun-
ty, California, in reference to alfalfa. We
extract the following, Iresuming it viii be of
interest to our readers, many OF whom are
experimenting with this forage plant:
In the winter Of 1854 soWed four acres
with some seed brought from Chill, and, SO
far as | know, it was part of the first par
Gel of seed introduced into this State Mine,
with that Of many others who sowed that
season proved to be SO foul with mustard
and kale, that after two years effort to erad-
icate the pest became disgusted and plow-
ed 1t up. However, it gave evidence Of be-
ing desirable grass by its remaining green
and growing through the whole dry season,
and even in the warmer part of our winter,
and by the fondness the cattle evidenced for
it-they keeping it grazed close to the
ground. Some clusters which escaped the
plow (for it has very tough and wiry root,
extending many feet into the ground,) are
still alive, and compare favorably with the
sowing Of ten years later, and it justly de-
serves it's German name of 'severlasting
clover"
In the winter Of 1865 renewed my eff
forts, obtaining good, clean seed, and sowed
twenty-five acres. The blowing had been
done well, and early in the winter-two
months before the time of sowing, which
was about the middle of March-using ten
pounds of seed to the acre. This proved to
be light sowing; but it was fortunate for
me as it yields more and better seed when
thin, thereby leading me to make the raising
of seed speciality. From this parcel of
land have gathered seed and sold to par
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
SEED SOWING.


How many complaints are constantly be-
in made on the part of those gardeners of
all kinds who are yet among the rudiments
of gardening that they cannot get certain
seeds to grow. The first impulse is to blame
the seeds and the seedsmen, never thinking
for moment or unwilling to think, that
the failure arose from any want of skill or
lack of knowledge on their own part; the
scotsman is often made scapegoat for the
errors of the inexperienced-no doubt q
convenient arrangement, but decidedly want
ing in justice towards the unfortunate yend-
or, for it is obvious that it cannot possibly
be the interest Of any scotsman to sell seeds
of Indifferent growth; but he oftentimes has
to ' suffer and be strong" in the face of mis-
representations that should not have been
made.
Many seeds, as full of life and vigor as
Hercules, never bring forth leaves, flowers,
or fruit in due season, because they are un-
skilfully sown, or sown in the wrong tenn
perature, or at the wrong time, and under
conditions most unfavorable to their we'll
being. That this is of constant occurrence
is abundantly evidenced by the number of
inquiries made OH all sides as to the proper
time and proper mode of sowing seeds.
Should they be sown in autumn or spring?
thick or thin, deep or shallow ?-and nu-
merous other questions of this character are
constantly being put, and for the sake of the
first beginnings in the art of horticulture,
which the Rev. Canon Hole once termed
I" the most gentle and delightful OF all occu-
pations," these questions ought to be an
swered as fully and simply as possible.
Simple as these questions may appear to
the advanced horticulturist, they are yet the
very first that arise in the minds OF those
who are wanting in gardening experience,
and so well are seedsmen aware of this that
they give much valuable information in their
catalogues, in order to meet the necessities
of this class of buyers. Gardeners Cp'on-
icle.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
HO R I | c i 1 7 i R I
SMALL FRUITS.

Some OF the readers of the Westea7, Farm
ea's Almanac may be disposed to turn from
this page under the feeling Of disgust excit-
eel by the title, thinking, no doubt, that
fruit growing must indeed be but Z. 4 small
business T" for farmer to trouble himself
about. TO the owner of extensive estates.
to the breeder Of valuable stock, or to the
feeder OF large focks and herds, which. in
the grand result Of his sales, place him iii
the rank of the cattle-kings, the very words
that are applied to this branch Of agricultu-
raj industry must indeed seem beneath his
notice, or contemptibly small and yet it is
claimed that these fruits should be consid-
cred of sufficient Importance to demand ana
receive the attention Of all agriculturists.
both large and small farmers, and of all per
sons who occupy piece Of land however
limited.
There are other ohjects'to be derived from
the cultivation of small fruits than the mere
consideration Of pecuniary returns, though
these NAV be made to assume v1ssr ..Ar1,af.f-
able proportions Some Of these desiderata
might well be referred to under the heads of
the AsaGnities dnd The Hygienic Effects Of
fruits.
He who has never planted and nu.sed and
noted the progress Of a berry-patch, watch
ing the gradual development Of the first
fruits, and who has never triumphantly laid
the earliest products upon his table, can have
no idea Of the delight attending the success
full issue of his experiments. Ills reward Is
a pure enjoyment, it is victory without
alloy; while he is pleased and benefited no
one else is griaved or wounded, nor in any
way Worstel by his success; his victory is
not one Of conquest over enemies, but the
result of patience and perseverance in over
coming natural obstacles. Reference is here
made especially to the amateur cultivator
who has planted and tended these fruits for
his own pleasure and for that Of his family
and friends. This enjoyment is not denied
to the market-gardener also, who has be-
sides the satisfaction of reckoning the profits
that must result from his ssuccessful invest
ment Of money and skillfully y-directed labor.
The hyglenic effects OF summer fruits can
not well be oyerstated. The cravings of
the system for vegetable acids are q natural
indication of their necessity to the human
organism. This is particularly the case OH
the approach OF the summer solstice and
at that very season nature comes to the res
cue, offering the early fruits, which are char
acterized by that happy admixture of the
saccharine and the ascidulous principles that
renders them SO universally acceptable to
our palates. The digestive apparatus ac-
cepts the grateful offering, and fortunately
there are few exceptions to the axiom which
may be announced: That well-ripened
fruits, when freshly gathered, are among
the most wholesome articles of the naateria
alimentayts.- Western Farmers almanac.
The total area of cranberry lands in cul-
tivation in the eastern States, is $4,000 acres.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
A GR | Gu / T ] R A ]
HOW PLANTS ARE BUILT UP.

J. j. Mechi, the eminent English farmer
and savant, recently delivered a lecture un-
der the auspices of the Essex and Chelms-
ford Museum, from which we take the fol-
lowing in regard to how plants are built up
and formed:
We ought, as agriculturists, to know this,
so as to be able to employ the right build
ing materials in the right place-I mean in
the subson as well as in the top soil, for we
cannot manure the subsoil through the top
soil, as the latter has the power to arrest
much more of the elements Of manure than
we ever apply to it. Liebig, " "Mode1m Ag-
aaculture," p. 25, says: 'sPlants contain
combustible and incombustible elements.
The latter, which compose the ash left by
all parts of plants on combustion, consist,
in the case of our cultivated plants, essen
TALLY of phosphoric acid, potash, silica and
sulphuric acids, lime, magnesia, iron, chic
ride of sodium. Their combustible portion
is derived from carbonic acid, water, and
ammonia, which, as elements of food, are
equally indispensable. BY the vital process
plants are formed from these materials when
the atmosphere and soil supply them at the
same time in suitable quantity and in the
proper proportions. The atmospheric ele
ments do not nourish without the slmulta-
neous action of the elements Of the soil, and
the latter are equally valueless without the
former The presence of both is always re-
quired for the growth of the plant. !.
An element of food is ineffective if there is
absent single one of the other elements of
food which are conditions of it's activity"
In Cheshire the one thing wanting was bone
earth phosphate of lime). Our own bodies
are formed of the same elements as plants,
and have often caused merriment when
have said in the presence of a goodly assem-
blage, like the present, of well-developed
agriculturists, that we are all gas and water,
excepta very small percentage Of earthly
matter. If dessicated, seventy-six per cent.
of our weight would go off as steam, and
if we We're then burned, twenty per cent
more would go to the air as gasses, leaving
only the small percentage OF incombustible
ash which we had consumed in our food,
and which was indispensably necessary to
our lOTHlaCioH. w ltHouI plcHUy W "t'Ioi
the elements Of our bodies, like the sap in
plants, would not circulate. We can see, at
the Kensington museum, the details Of our
formation. Economical housewives would
feel uncomfortable if aware that in every
pound of lean meat, they get three-quarters
of pound of water Meat is much dearer
food than bread and cheese, or than oatmeal
and milk, and our laborers well know this.
In my minds eye picture to myself the
atmosphere filled with undeyeloped forms o1
plants and animated creatures. We may
safely paraphrase Shakespeare stitutine
chemist for poet-who says, The poets
eye in a fine frenzy rolling, doth glance from
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
ADVERTISING RATES

Transient advertisements payable in advance
Regular advertisements payable quarterly.
twenty-five per cent. added for special advertise
ments.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16
DUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
r. N. SUTHERLIN.
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

The ROCKY MOUNTAIN HUsDANDMAN is designed
to be, as the name indicates hus sbandman in every
sense of the ter1n embracing in its columns eyery
department of Agriculture Sock-r,sing. Horti
culture Social and Domestic Economy
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1876-03-16

The total area of cranberry lands in cul-
tivation in the eastern States, is $4,000 acres.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1876-06-16
Charlotte Cnshmnn,s Acting.

Even in the terrific outbursts Of Meg
Merrilles," the agonized madness Of
Blanca or the remorse Of Lady Macbeth,
she never ranted nor Overstepped the
modesty of nature Passion is like fire
IA good servant but a dangerous master.
and with her it was kept within the
bounds of the purest art. This gave to
her acting the charm Of reserved power
il did not convey the impression Of labor
and effort, but one Of natural inspiration
and ease. Her reading was the finest on
the stage, especially in its justncss. It's
accuracy was wonderful, and the aston
ishing power of emphasis which she
would sometimes concentrate upon "a
single word was contrasted with the
most delicate determinations of meaning.
IL is not strange that she was almost as
popular as a reader as an actress, for in
the noblest dramas the thought is more
important than the action, and produces
greater efiects-a fact, which Edwin For
rest illustrated during the last ten years
of his life-when he simply read Lear"
and "Othello," and Hamlet" on the
stage, being physically unable 10 act
them. Miss Cushman, however did not
depend upon her readings Of the tex
entirely, but expressed the character IA
played lin varied attitude and gesture.
Her stately figure enabled her 10 dare
successfully what in other women would
have seemed exaggerafiOn. The attitude
which "Meg Merrilles" assumes on her
first entrance lives in the memory of
thousands as a picture Of fearful beauty.
1t was more than pictuTesque-it WIS
moral, for il told the story Of undying
love for Harry Bertram. All through
her great round Of characters are scat
tered pictures of similar fascination and
power. There is "Queen Katherine"
with extended arms, appealing To her
royal husband, or with outstretchcd
hand and averted head pointing 10 VOL
sey: "Lord Cardinal, TO yOu / speak"
There is Wolsey himself, shuddering at
the taunts of his enemies. There is
Romeo stretched upon the ground taking
the measure of an unmade grave. No
other actor could fill the stage as she
did. She had not only ttir vnrt vnriyty
Of attitude and gesture, but also rapidity
Of motion, which was applied occasion
ally with splendid effect, particularly in
the Gypsy Queen.-COr. Scribner's.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1876-06-16
Horticulture in Schools.

Every teacher Of a district or common
school should know enough Of budding
or grating TO teach the scholars in prac-
tical lessons. The leading principles Of
vegetable physiology, as taught in Gray's
First Lessons, may be understood by any
intelligent teacher in the course Of a few
days, in connection with a little volun-
tary field practice. Young students may
understand great deal about germina-
tion by planting beans, peas, corn, wheat,
etc, and examining the progress Of the
young shoots every day. They can try
the effect Of planting at different depths
at the same time They can trace the
ength of roots from young trees. a few
ligatures about the limbs of trees will
show them much i'm relation to circula-
ton. in the course of the summer Every
teacher should show his pupils how 10
bud and graft, and to raise plants from
cuttings and layers. He should explain
the principles TO them on which success
depends. These things should be well
understood by both boys and girls: they
will not only prove attractive and inter
esting, but be useful all their days.
Young men spend years in the study OF
Latin and algebra, which are useful, but
one-tenth of this time given TO the fascl-
mating and useful arts connected with
vegetable growth, would be more valua-
BILE for the time devoted. Young ladies'
study French and crayOn work for years,
but if they could cut off few fragments
of this time and give them TO some of
the arts connected with Horticulture, IL
would be better for their healths, their
minds, and add much to their usefulness.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1876-06-16
Brigham Young's Ambition.

Brother Brigham Young, or, as Mrs.
Partington has it, Bigamy Young, is get
ting tired of the intnding gentiles at
Great Salt Lake, and proposes an exodus
toward the land of God and liberty. 1t
appears that his pioneers, who have been
spying out the advantages of new loca-
tions, have already made considerable
preparations for the saints in New Mex
ico-established several settlements in
fertile valleys, laid out towns, built
houses. constructed irrigating bitches,
and prepared the way for large number
of other Mormons, who are expected to
follow.
In explanation oethe movement it is
said that the arrangement was made with
Brigham Young several years ago to go
to the region traversed by the route of
the Texas Pacific railroad, settle upon
and occupy it, and ultimately take the
contract for building that portion of the
line. 1t is now argued that the removal
of a large body of Mormons to the settle
ments is the result of preparations to
resume work upon the road
The San Francisco Chronicle asserts
that Governor Axtell, formerly of Utah,
but now governor of New Mexico, has
for months been quietly working. paving
the way for the establishment of a new
Mormon empire in the latter country,
with an ultimate view to the occupancy
of old Mexico.
The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1876-06-16
FOREIGN

Seven thousand Spanish soldiers sailed
from Cadiz for Cuba last week
The captain-general has been officially
authorized by telegraph from Madrid to draw
daily on the Spanish treasury for fifty thou
sand dollars in gold.
Constantinople journals report that Alb
dul Aziz had several violent fits of madness
after his deposition, particularly on the
evening before he committed suicide.
The only difficulty with England in
surrendering Winslow is said to be the means
of doing it gracefully. Members of parlia-
ment Of all parties agree in the justness of
the surrender.
1t is officially announced that report
has been drawn up and signed by nineteen
physicians of the different nationalities,
which certifes that the death of Abdul Aziz
resulted from the opening of the veins and
arteries of his arms.
The grand vizier has sent the follow
ing telegram to the turkish minister at
Washington: In presence of unanimous
will of all the people Abdutagis Kahn has
been dethroned, and his majesty Sultan Mu-
rad, heir presumptive to the imperial throne,
has been proclaimed emperor of Turkey"
A London correspondent states now
that the British government viii not surfsa-
der Winslow until a supplemental treaty has
been negotiated between Great Britain and
the United States embodying the principles
of the act of 1870. The correspondent also
SAYS that communications are now passing
between London and Washington for that
purpose. If an agreement is not reached by
June 18th. Winslow will be released.
The imperial proclamation issued by
the new sultan at Constantinople expresses
the hope that the bonds of friendship be-
tween Turkey and all foreign powers Will be
drawn closer. 1t concludes with the an
nouncement that Murad has aseended the
throne Ivy the grace of God and the will of
the people. The proclamation was received
with public reioicings.
The Journal de St. Petersburg (offi-
cial), commenting upon the recent events at
Constantinople, points out difficulties which
beset the path of Murad Efendi, the new
sultan, and says: "But the solcitude OF Eu-
rope TO prevent the crisis from increasing in
gravity remains unchanged. The powers
continue to agree in their desire to demand
from the Turkish government whatever that
government may be, the execution of indis-
pensable reforms"
The war between Guatemala and Sal
vador is ended. A preliminary treaty OF
peace was concluded at Chalchuapa on the
twenty fifth of April. The treaty stipulates
that esident Vale and General Gonzales.
vice-oresident of San Salvador, shall abdi.
cate. Vale shall call junta of respectable
Salvadoreans, who shall name provisional
president. This provisional president shall
within ten days call an election, to take place
within month, for president and other off,
GERS OF state. After this call has been made.
the troops of Guatemala viii withdraw from
San Salvador. In the meantime the cities O
Santa Anna and San Miguel viii be occupied
by the Gautemalean forces.