New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1876-01-10
APPLIED SCIENCE.

Iogool Journals End very considerable inn
provelncnt in furnace CRATES ia en invention OF H.
Eloy ScbTai.z who replaces the straight re-bars or
dinarily usod sinsiy IN pairs, by hollow cyndr-
cal bars, pierced with holes and so arranged as
10 revoye readily. The new fre-baTs rest on sup
ports which themselves cylindrical and hollow;
they are supported lengthwise by plate fixed be-
meath the door of the hre-bOx, and fitting into neck
made at tho near end of the bar. With this con.
strncton it ia affirmed the duties of the stoker are
rendered much less important aad Troublesome ana
q very material economy OF fuel - Effected Inc
following advantageous features ere clalInod LOT ib
The layer OF coal resting on the grate nfy pc dogbeo
in Thickness, thus obviatng the neeess'ty OF ire
qnent charging and tho entry OF colo ar INTO me
fre-box. the interior OF theso hoDow bars Do,hB
always visible the stOkeT, he IL able 10 observe
any choking of the air passages rs soon as u taxes
place IL IL only necessary for 1n thcn 10 give the
bars fractional turn with the winch, and clear
surface free from Stag and scale 10 presented ~ te
fuel. This is accomplished without opening ,le
doors and admitting an excess of cold air. The rOta
ton of the bars has the additional beneficial eject
Of clearing the INSTRUCTED part and throwing down
into the as- Pit the ash and other nOn-conbnslple
impurities the retention Of which.retards combus-
tom The economy Of fuel which ~ claimed for The
now construction is of even more Importance thah
tue economy OF labor
EXPERIMENTS on srEEI.-MM. Treve and Duras-
sier have communicated 10 the French Academy the
following results Of their Investigations INTO he re-
iation existing between the chemical and physical
steel divided into FIVE series of three bans, each
series being of different degree of carburation,
and each tempered in different manner These bans
were then nagnetizcd TO saturatiOn, and their mag
aetic force etornined by the method Oh dehecti"n
The bar containing O.95 per cent Of carbon, and
sernpercd with cold water. caused the maximum OF
Addiction represented ~ a. The bar GohtaIhlh5
The same amount Of carbon hat tempered Win on
AZ TO- G.. too Fahr) gave IL. That the ma%ne'c
ranocitv of steel is Influenced by the nature of the
Ifs,niH -gI fpY a
manifest. The bar containing O.25 per cent on ear
ton gave q detection represented 0y 10, showing
how decided is tho influence which At eNGtS. in
orepagiug DIAGRAMS OF variations Tor the dlHtfeht
series of bars, the influence 81 the pefceh'aSe OF
carbon and Of Che teinrering hauid became ,nsnIc
fest n was remarked however that at the tep Of
The scale in carbon, the nature of the teulperng
iquid no longer eXcTied a very marAeI u'1uei'oe'
The study Of these diagrams brought to llght, IKE
wise the noteworthy fact that retaiNapie SIM
arity existed betwcen the magnets enrVea ana the
snrves of elasticity OF the b'is. 1he hi'estsa"ls
assert from thsr experimental trials that carbon
gives elasticity 10 the steel, and at the same time
enhances its capacity for magnetism
PUBLICATION OF TIE MORE FUsIBLE METALS BY
FnRArON.-PrOf. LamPadus of Frciberg con
cluded that at a certain low temperature Of fusion
the metallic impurities present IN the more easily
fusbe metals would separate, partially ~ such, and
partially rs definite, crystalline compounds, and
Goat in the fused mass, nom which they could he re-
moved by filtration Experiments by INN 10 this
direction were so far successful that Tho expected
definite compounds we've found upcn the hiter but
the metallic citrate still very impure The inter
was made of 0uartz-sinh, Stag, &c, which was not
wet by the molten metal Carter, however, accord
ing to % communication by him. IN trying
10 adapt this principle 20 the purllCaijou o.
bohemian tin ON o commercial scale sought
for material for a filter, which ~ould be WEI
by the metal 10 be purified, without beng dissolved
ia it, Iron, with its comparatively high Temporal
turc of fusion, and its adhesion for TN ~ mani
Tested in she timing OF IRON was enioyed ~ ,lc
filter Five hundred strips of timed iron, rs INN as
paper about d. of an inch long and O1e-fOurth as
broad, were packed tightly in square iron frame,
ly tho aid Of wedges and the frame was then l1;od
INTO suita1le opening IN The bottom OF a FIlpnse
cTnojble. The lin, melted in SECOND crucIDle was
allowed to cool until the separation or fine crystals
on the surface was noticed, ard the tmckening
metallic mass was then poured into the iltering
erucibe, when the still fluid, pnle metal passed
through, and pasty magma was eit IN Whlch ron'
arsenic and copper, concentrated to great degree
were found combined with tin, while the Uttered
tin proved to be almost chemically pure fiity
hundred weight purified IN the eTqciDe
described. Other forms, and other materials loI
f,ieTs, suggested, aud other possible Applications
of the method, as in the SEPARATION OF silver from
lead containing the former metal
TENPFRATULE DESTRUCTIVE TO VTALIY.-The
iinp0rtant biological question t0wbether life ever
originates except from provcus life, seems, in the
present state Of investigation, TO turn upon the far
simpler TO what temperature is destructive
of vitality, and since Trustworthy observations
establish the fact that organisms may develop In
sealed TASKS, in boiled water the question again re
solves itsef into whether there are forms Of living
matter, germs SEEDS or something, that can with
stand temperature of 2000, and ifso, what temper
atnre will, with certainty, destroy the vitality of
these. More than n hundred years ago SpallaDzani,
in opposing theory Of Spontaneous generation,
reeognizing az IN accordance with his own observa-
tons inc fact that the lower intusOrie may appear
in sealed TASKS, previously exposed to
temperature Of 212o, also noticed that the
Organisms persisted at about 1892. and inferred
that tie unknown germs of the nf1soria might be
able TO withstand much higher temperature than
experiments, bearing upon this hypothesis, showed
that eggs, in all cases, Withstand higher tenn
peratuFe than the animals vbicl produce them that
n similar difference exists between plants and then
seeds aud that plants and seeds can wltnstand
higher temperature than animals and eggs but that
n0ihiug-egg, seed. animal OI Plant-can retain lts
vitality when subjected 10 moist heat 81 ZI%0.
Since The dTyness of the seeds to be the cause
of their greater Indifference 10 heat and since Some
eggs resemble seeds in far that they prove capable
OF development, after they have been dled. on
being suitably mOistenod, Spalianzam rested his OPP
position tOspOutaneOus generation upon the hypOfhe-
siS that the germs Of the lowest types OF animals
might become dry in similar manner, and III tils
condition sflrpaSs seeds in Their power % resist
heat the degree that the latter suTass eGg3
This hypothesis, which could not be tested expert
mentally at that time has, 10 say no very least not
been sustained byTeCcut invest gatiOnS linus ffof
SaDdersOa has shown that She germs OI Bacteria lar
from Withstgndmg drying, lose then vitality when
exposed for three DAYS the low atmospheric tenn
peTnture Of 1919, while the microscopic organisms
are entirely deprived of tie power OF further deyel
oppent by complete drying; and IL has been further
shown by Dr. Bastian tbaf All direct cXl cTluens IN
regard 70 tho cspcblty Of Bacteria and IN, germs
to resist heat have led 20 the coneiul1h that g0th
perish if exposed to a mois, heat OF l4O ioi 4hcrt
Time