davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
INDUSTRIAL, STATISTICAL
AND TECHNICAL.

In the course of less than two gen.
erations America has received an ad-
dition to her population, from foreign
sources, Of not fewer than 100000
people.
AN English magazine says: "Scat-
tered about the earth there are sup
posed to be 100000 or II 100000 of
Jews alive. Thousands of the people
are rich, some of them own colossal
fortunes. Rothschild could buy up
the fee simple of Palestine, Goldsmid
might rebuild the temple of Herod,
Montefiore has money enough to cast
golden statue of King Solomon. But
of these wealthy Hebrews not one is
willing to go back"
THE German Government has built
the mammoth kitchen. 1t is 1000 feet
long, and constructed of stone and
iron, and is designed to supply food
for the army in times of war. Two
1,sOo-horse-power engines drive this
machinery, which is capable of boil
ing down and condensing for trans
portation 1877 oxen, and will grind $50
tons of flour, and make 10000 loaves
of bread daily. 1t can also supply
enough preserved oats for one days
feeding of the horses belonging to an
army of $50, 900 men.
NJ. FAYE proposes that the French
Academy of Science should fix limit
of elevation, beyond which no ascent
having scientific object in view
should be allowed to go, or its results
received by them. According to this
eminent savant, the extreme height of
| 1000 meters answers all the serious
needs of modern science; the atmos-
phere extends, indeed, more than
| twenty-eight leagues further-the OBJ
servations Of shooting stars, of which
the extreme point of inhammations is
about seventy-fve miles in height. as
signing a thickness of thirty leagues to
the aerial stratum which surrounds our
globe-but, of these thirty leagues, the
first two only are of Importance, and,
Notwithstanding the destinations of
adventure. it is not the exploration of
two or three miles, more or less,
which can seriously influence the prog
ress of science.
THE drainage basin of the Missis-
sippi covers ,25S,000 square miles of
territory in the United States and 3D.
900 to $4,000 square miles in British
America, but the great central valley
in which the river lies is much larger.
1t includes in the South some areas
drained by streams emptying directly
into the Gulf of Mexico, and at it's
northern extremity other and very
large areas, that drain in Hudson S
Bay, or even into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Mississippi basin contains not less
than 16, 292, 900 of our citizens, eXclu-
sive of Indians, and that part of which
is watered by the Ohio has for forty
years contained the geographical center
of our population. However much it
may shift its position, this center is
certain to remain in one of the six
divisions of the Mississippi basin, and
another hundred years will probably
pass without witnessing its removal
from the Ohio valley.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12

There are two possible ways IN
which land might be over-drained, put
neither of them is likely to influence
practice on a large scale. The hrst Is
by draining to such depth that the
water table reservoir, or supersatura-
ton, should be reduced to so low a
level as to be unavailable as a source
of moisture, through the agency OF
capillarity. 1t is possible to conceive
a field drained so that the water table
should be sunk ten or twelve feet be-
meath the surface, instead of only
three or four, as in ordinary practice.
We say that under such circumstances
a field might suffer from over-drainage.
The other condition under which the
same evil might be brought about
would be in the case of the soil OF sc
open, sandy and dry character as tc
be incapable of holding a sufficient
amount of water for the use OF the
plants it supported. Such sol
might require-to refer once more tt
Mr.. Mechi's smile of the tlower-pot-
the hole in the bottom to be stopped
We believe such cases to be rare, in
deed. so as to interfere in no materia
degree with the view we have alread,
propounded: that over-drainage exist
principally in the imagination of thos'
who believe in it.-OhiO Farmer.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
Almost a Bread Riot.

A VERY singular experience hap
pened to a well-known Brooklyn baker,
on Columbia street, a few evenings
since, which came within an ace of
resulting in serious riot. His name
is William Ferguson, and he has en-
joyed more than his share of custom
on account of his excellent bread. On
Sunday morning he had a difficulty
with one of his employees, and dis
charged him. On Monday he sold his
usual quantity of the staff of life, and
toward evening was amazed by his
patrons sending back their bread al
most unanimously. He refused to re-
turn the money, and his store was
quickly crowded by an angry crowd of
men and women, who clamored for
their nickels, Oh the ground that the
bread. was not good; and some one
started story that it was poisoned,
and a little girl had died in conse-
quence of eating it. The crowd then
threatened to gut the store, and the
police were sent for. Upon investiga-
ton it appeared that the bread pos
sessed an unusual taste, and was I'M
like anything exas before bought in the
store. Further Inquiry elected the
fact that the discharged employee, in
revenge for being dismissed, had sur
reptitiously mixed an extraordinary
quantity of soda in the batch of dough
prepared that day, and the bread was
thereby ruined. This explanation re-
stored confidence and satisfied his Gus,
toners, and now the police are hunt.
ing for the malicious journeyman who
was the cause of the trouble.-N. Y,
| Cor. Chicago Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

SQUASH DOLE-MAH.-Pare OF scrape
summer squash, take out the seeds,
fill the cavity with chopped raw beef,
uncooked rice, few leaves of thyme,
or some favorite seasoning.
VELVET CREAM.-One quart whip
ped cream, three-quarters of box
gelatlne dissolved in scant half pint
of water. When dissolved, strain into
the cream; then add the whites of four
eggs beaten very stiff; sweeten; flavor
to taste, and pour into mold or dish.
Set on the ice till stiffened, and then
turn out.
GRAHAM GEMs.-One quart milk
and two even cups of Graham flour.
Beat together so as to be smooth and
free of Jumps; then turn IN well-but-
tered and very hot "gem irons, and
bake in a quick oven. Made in this
way, they are very light, tender and
sweet, needing no soda or salt. If
made any sitter, they will not be light.
Christian Union.
FRIED TOMATOES. - Take large
green tomatoes; cut off both ends,
and then cut up one in three slices.
Have some butter in the frying pan
let it get hot: then roll the tomatoes
in flour and lay them in the pan; salt,
pepper, and sprinkle little sugar on
while frying; cook till they are done
nice and brown, and you will have a
most delicious article for breakfast.
OATMEAL requires to be cooked
slowly, and the water should be boil
ing hot when it is stirred in. Oatmeal
is more substantial food, it is said,
than veal, pork or lamb, and quite
equal to beef or mutton, giving as
much or more mental vigor, while its
great desideratum consists in ones
not becoming weary of it, for it is as
welcome for breakfast or tea as il
wheat or Graham bread. 1t can bt
eaten with sirup and butter as hasty
pudding, or with cream or milk.
LEMON DUMPLINGS.-MiX with tel
ounces of fine bread crumbs half ;
pound of beef suet chopped extremel.
fine, one large tablespoonful of flour
the grated rinds of two small lemons
or of one very large lemon, four ounce
of pounded sugar, three large or fou
small eggs, beaten and strained; and
last of all, the juice of the lemon
strained. Divide the mixture int
four equal portions, tie them in well
Toured cloths, and boil them an houI
The dumplings will be extremely ligh
and delicate.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
Historical Research About Fire.

ALLUDING to the fable of Prone
theus he finds it of Indian origin; in
the Nedas the god of fire, Agni Com
pare with the Latin Ig7is), is con-
cealed in a secret place whence the
god Matarishvan forces him out, and
makes him communicate the celestial
fire to ManOu, the first man. The very
name of Prometheus is traceable to
the Vedas, and calls to mind the pro-
cess employed by the ancient Brah-
Minis to obtain the sacred fire. For
this purpose they used a stick called
Dramatha, which they ignited by fric-
ton; the prefix pr0 gives the idea of
taking by force, circumstance which
strengthens the evidence afforded by
the resemblance of that word to Pro-
metheus. There were several ways
for obtaining fire by friction; the most
primitive one consisted in rubbing two
pieces of dry wood against each other;
but this was improved in course of
time. A stick was made to slide very
fast up and down in a groove; then
came the fre-drill," consisting of
piece of wood having cavity in
which stick was inserted which was
pressed upon by the operator, who at
the same time made it turn very fast,
after the fashion of a wimble. The
RroI Ir,1
cord rolled round it, by pulling which
they gave an alternate rotatory motion
to the stick. Another mode of obtain
ing fire was that of striking two fiints
together, etc. Prof. Jolly now arrives
at the question as to whether prehis-
toric man was in possession of fire.
The Able Bourgeois goes so far as to
say that it was known as early as the
miocene period, because in the sands
of the Orleanais he has found piece
of artificial paste having cinders adj
herring to it and lying in the midst of
bones of the mastodon and dinOterium.
Our author considers the thing not
impossible, but not sufficiently proved
nevertheless he is positive that the
most ancient quartenary man did use
fire; many fire-places, with ashes, Gin
ders, half-calcined bones and frag-
ments of rude pottery have unques-
tionably been found in caverns per-
tanning to the period of the reindeer,
the bear and polished stone.-Prof.
Jolly, in Reoue Scientifq,te.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12

him a large number of drafts and
about $4,000 in cash. Hilsen in
gratiated himself into the French
mans affections, and upon their ar
rival in New York engaged hand
some suit of rooms, where the latter
was guest. lie was Toasted and
made much of, and introduced to a
number of expert gamblers, who were
passed off as gentlemen of large
means. Finally stylish cottage at
Long Branch was hired, which
one of the gamblers told the
agent was his property. Finally
little game of faro was proposed,
and in two sittings the unfortunate
Frenchman lost 49,, 1000. He paid over
$4,000 in cash and gave checks for
the balance. The cash was divided
among three, Hilsen, it is said getting
his third. The checks have not as yet
been cashed, but parties are here now
endeavoring to get the Frenchman to
make the checks good. After the man
had been feeced he was taken to
Niagara Falls and other places, and
then brought to this city. Finally the
gamblers released their hold of him,
and now he is anxious to get his money
back. The affair leaked out through
two of the gamblers, who are mad
because they were cheated out of Ger.
tain of the proceeds promised Them
Philddelphid Inquirer.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
Treatment of Bees.

In winter or early spring, after bees
have been constrained to remain
within their houses for ten days or a
fortnight, stocks may be moved with
comparative impunity from one part
of the apiary to any other part of it;
but at later period of the year, when
much activity prevails, they cannot,
unless certain precautions are used, be
moved even few yards without caus-
ing them to suffer great loss and inju-
ry. A newly housed swarm may be
set down anywhere, for every bee,
when it first leaves its hive, carefully
observes the situation. AS soon as it
rises on the wing it turns round and
inspects the entrance, and its examina-
ton is continued in gradually enlarg-
ing circles, until it becomes familiar
with surroundings, which enable it to
recognize the place selected for its
dwelling. Its first flights are always
short, and obviously undertaken for
the purpose of making itself acquaint-
ed with the locality of its abode, and
all those landmarks which will guide
it Enthusiastically back to its home.
But the path, few times Travelled, is
afterwards remembered; and those
bees that have learned it go straight
off to the fields without taking notes,
and may be seen returning with I'M
erring aim to the small aperture of
the hive by which they made their
exit. Indeed, bees accustomed to a
particular spot, and more especially if
they are in the habit of daily going
from and returning to it, pay no at
tention to the position of their hive
when setting out on their labOrs. IN
less the distance to which their house
is shifted be considerable, they fail to
notice that it has been interfered with !;
they expect it to be where they have
always found it, and consequently,
when returning home with their loads,
go direct to their well-known stance.
There, they weary themselves out
with repeating the line of flight that
formerly conducted to the now van
ished doorway, and continue vain
search till quite exhausted. Perhaps
a few of their number may be fortu-
nate in finding the shifted domicile ;
but the great majority, as if held by a
spell, linger around the old site, and
ultimately settle upon the ground,
either singly or in scattered groups,
where they become chilled and die. In
this way the loss of population may
be so great as to interfere very serious
ly with the prosperity of the removed
stock, and even to ruin it entirely
Sufficient bees may not be left to at
tend to the wants of the brood, or if
there be little or no brood, the exodus
may be such as to destroy recuperative
poverty. Y. World
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12

IT is easy to know the knock of a
beggar at ones door. Low, timid, hes
itating; it seems to say, 81 have no
claim on the kindness of this house; I
may be told I come too often; may
be treated as troublesome and I'M
worthy mendicant; the door may be
flung in my face by some surly serv-
ant" How different on his return
from school, the loud knocking, the
bounding step, the joyous rush of the
child to his fathers presence, and as
he climbs on his knee, and filings his
arms around his neck, the bold face
and ready tongue with which he re-
minds his father of some promised
favor. Now, why are Gods people
bold? To father in God, to an elder
brother in Christ, faith conducts our
steps in prayer; therefore, in an hour
of need, faith, bold of spirit, raises
her suppliant hands and cries to God,
"Oh that Thou would'st rend the
heavens and come down. DR.. Guth-
RTE
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
a Grand Record.

Nearly thirty years have elapsed since Hos
letters Stomach Bitters was first brought to
the notice of the American public; To-day it
is the most popular remedy on this CONT
nent for dyspepsia, liver complaint, constlpa-
ton, debility, nervousness, urinary ana utter
inc complaints, govt, rheumatism, intermit,
tent and remittent fevcrs, and is widely used
in South and Central America, Mexico, the
West Indies and Australia, as preventive
and remedy for malarious disorders, and tor
MANY other maadics to therelief Of which it
is adapted. The record of its victories IS
written in the testimonials OF thousands
whom it has cured, to many OF Whlch tne
widest publicity has been given; it has won
the emphatic sanction of leading members OF
the medical profession, aud it has repeatedly
been made the subject of encomiums by the
home and foreign press. Comment on the
above facts is unnecessary. We leave the
publict to draw its own conclusions.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12

to their destination. They marched
straight to the parapet, mounted it's
inner face, descended into the trench,
and then mounted the opposite side
and proceeded to the open ground
there. They directed their course to
a small mound of fresh earth, and
there the leading insects halted, re-
naming at the foot of the hillock I'M
til the whole force was present. l
have calculated the number of this
Lilliputian army by the distance
their column extended, allowing an
average of four abreast, and length
of one-eighth Of an inch to each sec
ton of four, to be about 1884, ex-
elusive of the larger insects.
When the whole force was assem-
bled, the little army divided; one part
remained at the foot of the mound and
ran round and round it, the rest
mounted to the top, and some of them
entered the loose earth and speedily re-
turned, each bearing young grass
hopper OF cricket, dead, which he de-
posted upon the ground and returned
for fresh load. Those who had re-
manned on the outside Of the mound,
took up the crickets as they were
brought out of the earth, and bore
them down to the base of the hill, re-
turning for fresh load. Soon the
contents of the mound seemed to be
exhausted, and then the whole force
returned home by the same route as
before into the trench and over the
parapet, each with his burden of crick-
ct food for the community.
l must confess that had l not seen
this with my own eyes, / could not
have believed it, for here was regular
foray, planned and executed with mil
itary precision, the country surveyed,
and the depot of provisions known ac-
curately before the march was made,
and at the mound the prudential
ulNlSiol VI ldDol, dllu JIG C'ic ldhoil
that none of their victims should es-
cape. In conclusion, 1 would say,
that improbable as these facts may
seem, yet they were witnessed by my,
self and my friend, and we returned
to our camp, wondering at the great
ness of that Creator who could I'M
plant in these puny creatures of His
hand, so marvellous an instinct.-COr
Land and Water.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12

a crowd shall be strangled, and it is
hoped that in this way the evil may be
stamped out. The operations of this
sect commenced in the south of China
several months ago, and have since
been extended to the northern part of
the empire, and the terror is general.
A Chinaman who suddenly discovers
that his cherished appendage has van
ished while he is taking his walks
abroad presents most pitiable spec
tacle of distress, and invariably disap-
pears around the first corner.-London
Daily Ne,cs.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
An Extensive SWindle.

THOMAS HILsEN, who was arrested
several days ago on the charge of
swindling the firm of Thomas Hilsen
& Co., of this city, and a partner in
the firm of Bond & Co., of Boston,
wool dealers, out of a large sum of
money six years ago in this city, is
stated to be interested in another evil
transaction. One of our detectives
has just returned from New York,
where he was engaged with the author
tiles there in working up the case. 1t
seems that when Hilsen came to this
country in July, he formed the ac-
nuaintance on shipboard of the agent
"aris banking house, who was
>nntry by French capt.
-ase of a silver
hit with
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1876-10-12
Ants in South Africa,

DURING the months of September
and October, 1878, l was living in the
dense bush, about six miles from Cape
Coast Castle. Having much time at
my disposal, l utilized it by noting the
habits and natures of the various crea-
lures inhabiting that beautiful, though
deadly, country. | was particularly
attracted by the vast hordeS of ants
which were to be seen every day march
ing over the narrow roads through the
bush, and | determined to notice their
habits as closely as possible. Perhaps
it may interest those of your readers
who have taste for natural history,
If | extract from my notes all that re-
fers to these insects, for these particu-
lars l have not yet seen noted in any
work yet published. In the first in
stance would mention their migra-
tory habits. | was unable to discover
the cause of the changes of abode they
made, or what it was that induced
them to take up their new quarters in
any particular spot; but this was GER
tain, they were constantly on the
move, travelling along a sort of cutting
or groove, made by their own count
less footsteps.
observed that besides the ordinary
ants, not much larger than our own
English insects, there were others, of
about twice the size of their smaller
brethren, and armed with huge,
horny pair of "pincers' on the head.
These insects always stationed them
selves on the brow of the cutting, oc-
casionally patroling up and down, and
evidently surveyed the movements of
their friends below. l never saw those
larger insects carrying burden, or in
any way assisting in the labors of the
common ants; they seemed to me to
act as sort of leader, to direct the
march of their brethren. l once placed
distractions in the trench to observe
the conduct of the insects; l noticed
that if the material was soft enough,
the ants broke it up and carried it
clear of the trench, by morsels; but
stone, too heavy to move and too hard
to break up, they left alone, simply
tunneling under it!
While some of the insects were thus
occupied, the column left the trench
for the time, and as soon as all was
clear, returned to the old course. l
may as well mention that on these mi
gratory marches the ants do not carry
any burdens, either food or pupe, as
we see them do in England. l found
by experiment that if the few leading
ants were destroyed, the whole column
turned back and retired; that if some
of the insects in the center were
killed so as to break the column, those
in front went on; those behind retired.
Here, it is evident that some means of |
must exist between |
them, for these advances and retreats
were simultaneous and without con-
fusion. With an anecdote of what re-
markable organization these minute
creatures are capable, l will conclude
ibis somewhat protracted letter.
One morning friend and watched
l column of ants starting from their
nome in the mud walls of a hut in our
lamp, and determined to follow them