New-York tribune., 1876-07-03
POPULATION.

POPULATION.
At the outbreak of the Revolution the Com
tnental Congress ascertaned approximately the popn
atiou of the colonies in order that the burdens
OF the war might fall too heavily upon any section
The total population was estimated at 22500Oo, erclu-
sye of coo the South In 1870 the nation
which representatives Of these colonies founded vas
the fifth OF the great empires OF the world In respect 10
population and It is undoubtedly the fourth Tic
Chinese Empire in 1870 bad 477,500o oO0 ghabitan";
the British Empire, 7i200,000; the Russian Empire
765oO CO0 the German Empire, 40 200 000 the United
States 81. The increase In the aggre
gate population since 1870 in the 70 states In whichs
census has been taken is 16 per ccut and at the same
rate o. increase the total population IN 1870 would DO
4675 OOO while that OF the German Empire according
to the recent is 42757,s12. During 60 years
nsOO-6O the population Of the United states Increased
1913 per cent OF England and wales l2l Per cent
and that of France, 81 per cent Tie great factor OF
the marvellous growth OF population has been imIn
grafton. Annexation has contributed very ttle The
purchase OF louisiana, Florida California, and New
Mexico ulht I'm fewer than 10000 inhabitants, and
the acquisition Texas aud Oregon merely restored 70
citizenship those who had emsrated from the United
States
The colonies were founded in religious under the
best possible conditions for ultimate selfgovernment
Nearly all the early settlers belonged to the industrious
middle classes of the Old World substantial equality
existed among the Putaps in New ENGLAND, tie Dutch
in New-York the Quakers and Germans in Pennsylvania
the Swedes ia New-Ierscy and Delaware, the English
Roman Catholics in Maryland, the English Chnrchnen
In Virginia the NoncOnomists in North Carolina, and
the Huguenots South Carolina At the time OF tho
English Revoutlen OF 1858 settlements had been made
in all the thirteen colonies except Georgia, and the total
population was about 100000. Growth was slow snd
UNEQUAL and II was not unit; 1850 that the population
xceded 100000. During the next twenty years ths
population OF the colonies doubled, and on tho
threshold of the Revolution there swept great current
OF immigration from Germany and Ireland into Pennsy
vania New-Yolk and the Csronas. TIE first census of
the limited states was takenn 1890 Tho result chilled
the oyerwrought enthusiasm OF Mr.. Jefferson. and hs
took pains 10 caution his correspondents at foreign
courts against accepting the figures nasmuch as they
fell short Of what he thought the IHth The popua-
ton was 39202l4 including 7j720S slaves From 1870
TO 1920 about $4,000 immigrants arrived. great
wave Of immigration then swept across the Atlantic
AT the outset America regarded refuge for on
prcssed labor The immigrants accustomed TO the
simplest forms OF labor and were ready o bid oanar,
and subsequently railroads The development OF manu-
factures New-England changed the aspect OF immi-
grafton and Foreigners 70 regard the United satcs
as market for skilled labor The eneap lands offered
under the Homestead bill attracted an Immense number
OF industrious farmers During II years AN area greater
than that Of NewEngiar WAS occupied and TILED by
275OOO families under tho Oper tion Of this act Inter
State migration has been hom the first popular In
stinct There was q constant movement from the haf
were left behind manufactured for those who were
on the frontiers. From lSi5 10 1884 theye was
great exodus from Ireland and Germany. Afte;
the famine OF 1916 immigration from Irelan'
more than doubled, reaching It's maximum In 1851.
During this period nedrly 100000 Eishmen
landed in Castle Garden. German immigration reached
its highest point in 1854 After the years 1897 1857,
and 1873 there was most remarkable decline in hnmi-
grafton a commercial reyulson acting wet blanket
The total number OF immigrants from 1870 to 1873 was
s,sOs,14l, OF whom 2907,565 were from Ireland. and
26G3 437 frou Germany. About 90 per cent tafier de-
ducting women and children in the prime OF life
46 per cent trained to various pursuits aud iopes
cent were traders.
Nearly TO- 900 of our population foreigners
the descendants Of foreigners. 1t has Estimated
that if the fusion OF elements complete, Of 100
drops Of Amcric blood % would be Ango-Saxon,2 n
German Dutch Scandinavian, 3Ola Celtic, Romsnc
and l2ia uncertain. The white red, black, and yellow
races are all represented In 1870 the ratio OF the cot
ored to the whole population l42 10 100 The rate
OF increase Of the colored during the decade
far behind that OF the whole population From 1883 70
1s74a small percentage OF immigration has come from
China. The total number OF Cinnamon who arrived
during that period 14f,32s The total number of
indians in the United states in 1870 3s37i2, Of
whom 96,366 were GU Government reservations. As
regards SEX tho population Of the United is nearly
equally divided The doctrine OF the comparative ster-
ty of the native white population has been quite gen
orally accepted on both sides Of the Atlantic but d..
Edward Jarvis has recently demonstrated that II 10
a falacy based on statistical blunders.
In 1890 one-thirteth OF the population was in cities,
and there only towns whose population ex-
ceeded 5000. In 1870 one-hh OF the population was
municipal and there 37i Incorporated cities The
growth Of Of these cities has been maryelos In
10 years the population Of Jersey city increase 1877
per cent OF San Francisco 1882 and OF Chicago, 1871
During the colonial period the principal occupations
were husbandry, lumbering trading hunting, an, t-h-
ing Onehird Of tho labor OF the country was en- JJsd
in umbercuttng According ~ the last census u ary
6OOO 900 are engaged in agricultural pursuits 100000
in trade and transportation. 100000 manufacturing
and mining aud 26o0 900 In professional life and there
arc 43 900 clergymen 10000 awS 900 physicians
1852 teachers. 1000 actors, $500 journalists.
1000 600 laborers,. and $4,000 domestic servants.
eIander Hamitons dream OF the diversity OF human
iudustry N the New wotld has come ~ pdss