, 1876-02-14

? -" prize. prce.
ls70, per H.. cenla.. I'm 1880
!aI!. ..s...--.s.'.s .....s...-s'.. IN 49,
lR72... ......,.................... II l2D
.-t't....'''...'..'..''.... d6A 1s 11s1
l5i4s. n lv.1A
In 1871. 2 cents had beeu removed from the
dnty. Yet the foreign pr1ce. inatehd OF advaoo-
ing 2 cents, fol- lAlt . cent or mora. From this
point tho foreign prica advAncos abodt cents
it. Fer, In 1878, when tho remaining $ conta
waa takoh OIL, It falls behind tho other scAfo
ahout 81 ccntR. 1natead Of advancing to "a
cents, A.. BY tho general riss Of other Year,: Il
ought 70 have dong; 1t falls to lsN cents: We
tho assertion OF the BccsetarS that cousunern
nave not benefited by tho removal Of the duty.
For. ulian cents s.vera removed, tho foreign
prico did not advancc;. when eonts were fo-
moved, tho New York prices did not rise as in
years t,naffectad BY reduction Of duty, hut foil
Lel4ind tue advance which might haye been ek-
pccted Just about the amount ot tho tax. It is
obyions, however, that the deduction trom tho
New York prieo il not positive, for tho Eeaaoh
not only that that price ductnates With tho price
Of gold, but hsBo because coffee il itself tho oh
lect Of almost as tnuct, speculation A. tho pre-
oioua metals. Tho facta, however.
CANNOT he MADE TO PnovE THE sEcRETAlr's
Dut the deduction from tho forcis;n price IL
fair. There ia no EfeAter foreign rlse In tho
yaAsA following tho reduction Of duty than ~
those Unaffected by any reduction. The true
causo Tor tho sseady riao Of tha Brazilian psico
IL found in tho "lcport OF Special Con,nisuion
Oh the Revenue, 1866" Il states that "Thc
labOrine classes Of Brazil, being ruainiy slaves,
ststed|, sta! % Fapay al@inshins1 snso .hns ' period
{let3). the amount Of coTco produced hss grad
uatfy diminished. This decrease was It first At
tribnteA to Temporary causes, but ia now ao-
knowlcdgod to ho duo to deficiepcv Of labor. "
Let III examine tho aagAcity attributed u tho
tea and coffee countries undcr the snppoA'tion
that they do raiso uud 1ouer their aHpott-dutiea
aa ue lower anu raise Our ,mport-taxos. It is
d .a s,a ,srns9s, as 5 a ls 1a1s es Gny 81 lya1
wo1cou,e ausRlc!on here dawns upon tue spirit of
our dream. that they arc for us tho only sslers,
and that they have In their possession TINT neat
little advantage called
A MONOPOLY
It Is gonerallr aIthiltsd that ael)cr who has
the monopoly Of an article in extensive denand
controls tho price thereof. And, II the demand
aimnsshes. he Ia apt to advances tho price ~ by
producing less, tllua getting as much mousy for
'esa labor. t1'ut he docsn't.-Ep.l st,ch Ia tho
practice OF the Dutch who own tho East 1pdss
Spice Islands, and Who oven destroy a portion Of
an unospeetsdly largo crop to keep ap tho
price ~. Whether tho Chinese lavo arrived 1t
this pitch Of sagec!.y may be doubled, Yet tue
smnll amount OF influence which tho demand Of
tho United States hAa upon the foreign pricc Of
ter. IL shown by tho imports for 1874 and 1875.
III 1874. whlic buying vary sl'aringiy,-only
ever before, viz: 37.s2 cents. 1n lt75, whilo
buying moro than ever before,-64, 9oo, ,0t0.-.he
prco snnk to $780, Tho irresistible conclusion
,s. that the foreign price Of tea IL
uoyENsEp ny LAWS OF Production.
sndepeniopta at leaet. VI tla demand OF one pnr-
ttcuiar country md that tho consumption of
any oua country IL controlled BY that pnce, An
iu,fsort-duty might l8sseu our consumption 70
that Of 1874, Int there Is no warrant In expert
pries. ps ~ Boslios. i not true thst se sre for
thcap countries tho only buyers. No thk0 tho
greater part, to bo suro,, OF japan and OF tho
China Ooloug but part II taken by other co'.F~
creaso; and NO tako only about hall tho crop Of
o. whom fa,ls su e.porss,utr pa dnry, SAY,
OF s cents on lilo coffee. Tho fl1Bs effect obyi-
Now York and other importing porsa-ssy from
70 to 95 oonts. II the copsunlors will not abnto
tleir coDsrmptIot. they evidently uill bear tho
whole tax. But e1par.ence proves that increase
1t price ia aeeomranied Iy decrease q q demsn:
| York to u coaka. Dealers a. Iio find they eaa
get only Il ccnta, duty paid freight anl pgut-
lts left out 0f tho question.
This leaves tta producer bat 10 cents. Dat,
| on established principles, tho producer a. 70
conss wa making only tho ordinary ratio OF profit
| Of Brazil. Qottlng but III contt he will lcvots
his capital to tho production Of oslor articles on
which profta nro unabated. Tho uext yanr. q
short crop Ii raised. IEoaucers' price comos
| back to perhaps IS conts, and consumers to =.
The capital and labor rot free however. can only
bo used Ia production by CREATING Creator do-
mAnd for some other articles nnd ehlR can only
| bo douo by aisnintshlaN rFtEs. TbuB profits aso
lowered In tho production Of
ALL OTHER ARTICLES
as we'll AS Of c0frce ~ tle general rate of
profit In NrAzii 10 loEarol. Tho tar. tllun falls
pA1tly On tho cousumet ia tho increase pt.ra, and
partly ou tho whole body Of producers III tho
exporting country By tho loc.easo III tho rate OF
profit. Tho pars borne by consumers IL a
galu " tho producing country, tho pro
Of other taxation. hut, ,ho smaller tho tar,
tho greater. tho proportion which the
couAu.nors wall bear, FoE, on articles Of for
ulga consumption generally, al, ancrcnsc OF
pEico more than pEaportionately decrssses she
would kill tic trado entirely, sehslinE the cum
B,uors to other markets. For olample. q tax
| Of cctlth Oh ut expectation Of 100000, Nu
pounds, would Iaiae II reveilua OF saA0yo.o ooo ;
wlli!1 tax OF 10 ceutS might decIeaao tho Do
| nand to 2N0, ,0t)U, ,0U0. Tho rereuno Ia not !p-
creased, bus industry ia tustlsned by = 'owsHng
OF tho ratio Of profit. Tue aggregate aAount Vi
the tar psla by foreign cousuassts VII le a she
Eatncl nothing In tovenns hut it has changed
tue distribution Of capital WITHIN its boEders.-
in itset dstslnaat to national industry i has
value Of tho exports. and thus turned tho baI,
anee OF trado asaiuBt .tself. "a condition
uxrAyonAuLE TO E1TuEA ITS raohrcIns on CON
| 6USENH.
For, In order to discharge this balance, IL is
obliged either to offer lta produce cheaper, OK IL
consume loss Of the produce Of other countr,cs,
|. o., to cteato . creator foreign demand or re-
tiueo ,ts own. Which uicans q higher price u
foreign EaoAs. In tho ena, the tux IL Almost
Ruro 10 fa!i wholly an the people OF tho country
Which laya It. II lsrazsl had : eosnplsto inohop'
oily Ut coGoo, \ part Ut unlAll sxpott-luty lnsl
fa!! Ut foreign consumers: asmAleE laEt VI RF
increase will 10 fall; y further Increase ma,
make the whole taH tAt! IN tina r.ts ut profit
while = still highar ta1 n,ay make tho peop!o Vi
| pay uo:e fol all foreign goods. But. as Rsaxi
hns nos 4 monopoly In The production Of 1dtfoo
tho prabablc result Of lHereAas of eklort-iit.es
would be to drive gEsatcF part OF tho tia,te 4
otiloe countries. instead Ut permanently lmcteas
lug tue ooat u couKuluers. The c.hs Ia NOR
doubtful with regard to Chn1 aud Japun. BIT
Ha No got iu 1874, about one'si1,h vi our tes
from olAsr aousceu, tho saSacitJ Of tho Chinsst