davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
How the Indians Get
Arms and Ammuni-
tiOn.

An army officer in the Big
Horn expedition wrote a letter
to a friend in this city a few
days prior to the slaughter of
Clusters command, from which
we are permitted to copy as
| follows:
81 think this will be a very
long and very tiresome cam
paign. l doubt if we see our
posts again before fall. if then.
The scarcity of water adds much
to our difficulties, and l think
the country generally much
worse than Arizona, the only
growth for miles being the ir-
repressible cactus. TheTndians
are very strong in numbers and
.splendidly armed, and they
boast that they can and will
clean out anything the United
States can send against them.
Spotted Tail Pretends to be
friendly, and on the strength of
it he goes to Cheyenne, buys
10000 rounds Of ammunition,
and returns to the agency with
it. The following day a fresh
party Of Indians starts out full
ly equipped. Of the wisdom
of allowing this proceeding l
say nothing. He was in Chey-
enne when we were there on our
march up, He picks up all the
information he can get concern
ing our movements, and for
wards it to his friends. If this
sort of thing continues, you
can judge how successful we
shall be-"
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

@ Morton and others arc
.endeavoring to make as much
political capital as possible out
OF the recent Hamburg mur-
ders. Unfortunately for them,
Lamar, in Congress, and the
cool-headed and just leaders of
the Conservatives in South Car
olina, have pretty effectually
blocked their game. Touching
the efforts of Chamberlain to
secure military interference in
South Carolina, the New York
Sun very pointedly and justly
remarks:
Finding that the Democrats
of South Carolina decline to as
sist in ChamberIain's project
to reach the United States Sem
ate by means of a fusion with
Republicans for the purpose of
re electing him as Governor,
preparatory to the further pro-
motion which is the object of
his ambition, that INSCRIPTIONS
demagogue has thrown off the
mask and made an application
TO have additional Federal
troops sent to that State preVi-
ous to the election. The mill
tary intervention is desired by
Chamberlain for two purposes,
namely, to assist in carrying
the election for the Republican
State and National tickets in
November, and to restore his
popularity with the negro and
carpet-bag politicians, who have
become suspicious of his in
trigues with Ring Democrats.
Troops were freely used by
Grant tomaintain Chamberlain's
thieving predecessors in power,
and the writ of habeas corpus
was suspended in many differ
ent counties at a time when per-
feet quiet prevailed in them.
But we don't believe that such
q style Of electioneering will
prove advantageous, this year,
to those employing it.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Beautiful Wives.
Husbands Responsible for their
Beauty.
BY MRS. P. II. F.

A lady being asked why she
grew handsome every year, re.
piled at once, Because I have
such a good husband" And we
sincerely believe husbands are re-
sponsible for the beauty of their
wives, since beauty is not SO much
In features as in expression. e.,
the highest style of beauty.
Love is the grand beautifer. It
produces happiness, and happiness
is the foundation OF health. We
believe happiness is oftener the
cause of health than the reverse,
although they usually exist in
conJunetion-so closely allied that,
1t is difficult to assign either to its
proper place. Like the Siamese
twins, neither lives long without
the other, its counterpart. A sad
looking unhappy wife, therefore.
10 d sorry comment on the hus-
band. The same lady said. "It is
not enough for me that my hus-
band told me yesterday, last week.
or last year, that he loved me: /
wish him to tell me so every dav.
and several times a day. | like
10 bear bin say tit makes me
glad and happy, and when he
tells me this constantly, I'm a.
shamed to be pettish and cross. as
1t ls sometimes so easy to be; nv
husband tells me in return he new.
er wishes to become loveless in lit
tie ways. For instance, if we've
been riding,he does not wish me
because I'm his wife-to help nv
self out of the carriage any more
than when he was my lover: he
wishes to assist me now quite as
much rs then. Isn't his wife as
dear to him be says, 'as the young
lady he hoped to make so'9 And
doesn't he take as much pride and
pleasure in waiting upon herr
and so we love each other better
all the time, and are happier every
year of our lives" Now. many
husbands, most of them 1 presume,
love their wives as we'll as this
husband did, but they are in too
much of a hurry to tell them so,
and SO hungry through the long
hours at home for something
sweeter than they have known :"
and this hunger often leads to
search for comfort and happiness
In other things and ways, ard it's
well for the home if they are not
unlawful. Let every husband be
a lover the next year, be careful,
and true as in the days of wooing,
and see if the effect in the house
hold. is not as if there were a new
sun IN the heavens. Remember
you are responsible for all the
homely wives in the world.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

The exploits of Gen. Sheri-
dan in the Piegan campaign
ought to satisfy the most scep-
tical that he is not afraid to
fight the Indians, even though
he seems reluctant to go to the
front just now. Wait till the
Sioux warriors are disposed of
and then send Little Phil. to
finish up the women and chill
dren. You'll see what a brave
man he is when he comes to
tackle. somebody of his own
size.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Church Directory.

PRESBYTERIAN, Fqyetteville-services ev-
cry Sabbath at 1890 and at night; Rev A ID
Mcclure, pastor; Sunday school at 8 A NJ.
Metl o,iist-services every Sabbath at
lo:3U and at night; RevAF FLawrcnce, pastor;
Sunday school at s O'Clock.
Cumberland resbyterian-services every
Sabbath at 1890 and at night; Rev CP Du-
vail, pastor; Sunday school at 8.
Methodist Flyntviile--services 1st Sab
hath in each month at II and night; Rev WA
Gill. preacher in charge; Sunday school at y.
Union Church, Pleasant Plains-serVlces
1st Sabbath each month at IL and night by
the Methodists; Rev Mr. Barham, preacher
n charre-2nd and 4th Sabbath each month
ntll by the Associate Reformed Presbyteri-
ans. Rev j B Muse, pastor. Union Sun
day school at 3.
4 Presbyterian, New Hope, services lsl
and 3rd Sabbaths at IL; Bethel, End and
9TH Sabbaths at 1l-Rev a 5 Sloan, pastor
Methodist, Mulberry-services 3rd Sun
dav in each month at IL O'Clock and every
Sunday night; RevWJCollier, pastor; Sun
day School at 3. .,.
cumberland esbyterian--services 4th
Sunday each month at IL O'Clock and al
nipht: RevMrM orris ,pastor;Sabbath school
Bantist. Mulberry-church session. Sat
urd1Y before 1st Sabbath in each month;
services lst Sabbath at IL; RevA Van Loose
nastor: Sabbath school at
limited Presbyterian, Lincoln-seryices
every Sabbath at Ills NJ; RevJ w wait,
uastor: Sunday school at 10.
methodist, Shady Grove, (Shelton's
creek)-services 1st Sabbath in each month
at II o'clock; Rev j. Parks, preacher in ch
Liberty Gro ve-services End Sabbath at
11AM: Rev w A Gill, preacher in charge.
Cumberland Presbyterian, Oak Grove
(near Flyntville)-services 4th Sabbath IN
each month at IL o'clock; Rev A w Suth-
PRESBYTERIAN, Unity, on the Petersburg
load 6 miles North Of Fayetteville, lst and
Ard Sabbaths in each month; Rev Us
borne, pastor.
Cumberland Presbyterian, Cane Creek, on
Fishing Ford road, 5 miles North of Fay
etteyilie, 2nd and 4th Sabbaths each month;
Rev J B Tigert, pastor.
Methodist. Oak Hill-services 4th Sab
hath each month at 10 o'clock.
Cumberland PresbyteriaE-Rev \ DCraw-
Wathodist-services 2nd Sabbath at 10 A
n: Rev w B Lowery, c.
Cumberland resbyterian-services 4th
Sabbath at 10 A NJ: Rev j b Tigert, pastor;
Union sunday school at P every Sab
bath; prayer meeting Wednesday night:
MI. Hermon, .Flintville circuit--seTyices
Ard Sabbath and preceding Saturday; Rev
w A Gill, preacher in charge.
Macedonia, Flintville circuit-services Attn
Sabbath and preceding Saturday; Rev w A
Gill, preacher in charge.
Missionary Baptist, Norris Greek, (Buck-
ovol-seryices End Saturday and Sunday IN
each month; Rev S L Sanford, pastor
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

One Of the most gatifying
accessions to the ranks Of the
workers for Tilden and Hen
bricks is Mr.. w. II. Herndon,
Of Illinois, for twenty-five years
the law partner and bosom
friend of Abraham Lincoln.
He declared at a ratification
meeting at Springfield, a few
days ago, that he was for Til
den and Hendricks and reform,
and should labor from now un-
til November next on the
stump, through the press and
through every channel by which
thought could reach thought
for their election. His speech
was received with great ap-
plause.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

President Grant was in Ma
rietta, Lancaster county, Pa,
one day last week, and, accord
ing to the Lancaster LntelIigee-
Ger, was on one of his old fash
ioned "sprees. He insisted on
a drive, and more, he insisted on
holding the ribbons himself.
The consequence was he ran a
gainst fish-wagon, knocking
it to pieces. Finally some of
his political friends took charge
of the gay President, and he
was carefully housed.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

A Michigan paper says that a
Detroit man has "a piece of bark
from a tree that grew on the farm
of an uncle whose grandfather's
brOther-in- law started with Gen.
Jackson to the battle of New Or
leans, but was detained by Sc
we're attack of cholera morbus, and
he would send that to the Centennial
Exposition if he had any adequate
assurance that he would get it
back again.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Starvation in New York.


1t is sad as we'll as startling
fact that in New York CITY,
with its vast wealth, people are
actually dying of starvation.
While some of its citizens can
count their wealth by tens of
millions, others are actually
starving for the bare necessaries
of life. The following brief ed
itorial in Tuesdays Herald tells
the tale:
1t is fearful to contemplate
the amount of misery that is
hidden away in the tenement dens
of New York. In the forlorn
abodes, without hope of relief, al
though within hearing of the busy
world without, men. women and
children die of starvation, slowly
waste away for want Of nourish-
ing food until merciful death
comes to their rescue. Such a
scene, surrounded with a double
measure of horror, because the
sufferers were little children, was
witnessed by police officer yes
terday morning in Washington
street. Four orphans, the oldest
not more than eleven years of age
were found dying of starvation on
the bare floor of their wretched
apartment. They had not eaten
anything since the previous Mon
day. This is a centennial scene
not laid down in the programme.
1t makes an awful tableau.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Sam. Cox, of Jersey City, mad

Sam. Cox, of Jersey City, made
a complaint before a justice a.
gainst his neighbor, August
Lehne. The affidavit states that
during the night Lehne dug a deep
trench on his own property and
Immediately against the dividing
line and then cut under from the
trench, taking off under the sur
face the roots of seven grhpeviues
belonging to Cox. Lehne took
this method of satisfying an old
grudge. The vines died, and Cox,
in digging to find the cause of
death, made the above discovery.
Lehne gave bonds in the sum Of
$500 to answer.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

An eccentric millionaire Of
Boston has given to Ex-Gov.
CASTOR and four other trustees a
farm of fifty acres and $4,000
with which to found College
of Cookery. The donors name
is Baker, and he evidently wish
es to dignity the calling from
which his name was derived.
The usefulness of a college of
cookery depends upon the style
of cookery taught. Some pro-
fessional cooks are gastronomic
frauds.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
A Pig in a Pulpit.
From the Plattsburg, (Mo.) Lever

From the Plattsburg, (Mo.) Lever.
In a methodist meeting house in
this city, on Wednesday evening
last, the prayer meeting was bro
ken up by the entrance of a small
pig. The sexton tried tn eject
the pig, but the pig had no thought
OF abandoning the field, and as
the sexton dashed down one aisle
the pig ran down the other, occa
sionally running under the bench
es and destroying the solemnity
Of the occasion. Meanwhile the
pastor retained his speechless grav-
thy in the pulpit. But when the
pig evinced SO much audacity as to
climb into the pulpit and take up
a position beside the pastor, the
latter fully realized the extremity
to which be was at last reduced,
and he and his congregation re-
tired.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
One day, about twelve years

One day, about twelve years
ago, a young man with a pow
erful frame and a high forehead
walked into the New York ITi-
5une office, and as Mr.. Greeley
looked up from his desk, the
intruder politely asked: 'Don't
you want to hire a conf1agra-
tion reporter?" Mr.. Greeley,
having fourteen columns of ed
itorial and a similar quantity of
advertisements to write that
morning, rather hastily waved
his hand at the burly youth, ,and
in a tone of perhaps justifiable
impatience, remarked: Young
man, go West; by all means,
young man, go West" That
young man did go West. He
Joined the Indians. He is now
known as Sitting Bull. Fic-
ton is stranger than truth, and
the piece of advice that one
young man thrives under is the
death of another.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

It is said that Carl Schurz is
going to support Hayes for
President. This is doubtless a
continuation Of last years bar
gain, by which he sold his in
fuence to the Republicans for
gold. 1t is a notorious fact
that Schurz was paid $4,000 in
gold to stump Ohio for Hayes.
What his figures are to be this
year has not yet been stated
Exchange.
There are undoubtedly some
men in both parties who, when
ever nomination is made, pre-
tend to be dissatified for the
purpose of either making mon
ey or obtaining the promise Of
positions, and Carl Schurz may
be no exception in that line of
political trimmers.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Mail Directory
Fayetteville POst-Office.

R.;,road-leaves every day except Sun
lI.l5 AN; arrives at 8 P. NJ. Supplies
eh3 toIlowing Offices: Kelso, Lincoln, Flynt-
vile. Oregon, Georges Store, Flora, Hunts
station. Salem, Winchester and Decnerd.
Shelbyville stage-arrives Monday, We'd
,oSdav and Friday at 10 A. NJ; leaves same
dsys At 2P.M. Supplies Mulberry, Lynch
SI,rg bonneville, County Line, Shelbyyllle;
Huntsville stage-leaves Monday and
rbnrsday at 8 A. NJ; arrives Tuesday and
Fr;day at4P.M. Supplies Harpers Branch,
Goshen. Hazle Green, Meridianyille ana
Huntsville ~. -
Sbelbyville horse-leaves Mondays and
u,hmrsdavs at 8 A. NJ; arrives Tuesday and
Fr;dav at 4P.M. Supplies Norris Greek,
CHESTNUT Ridge, Hawthorne and Shelbyvllle;
pnlaski horse-arrives ever7 Friday at IL
Ioages same day at 1890. Supplies Cy-
s,ston Rooms Hill, Millville, Pisgah, Brad
shaw and Pulaski.
Rianche horse-leaves every Friday at
O A. arrives Saturday at 3 P. NJ. Sup
.'I;es Camargo, Molino, Geld Water, Blanche.
Money Orders can be obtained at this Of
sce mon post offices in all parts eff the u
III ~. States A list of Money Order offices
NJ, NJ he seen on application. Rates OF COM
ys;on may for Money Orders ere as follows:
Nor exceeding $l5..... ....:::... ~ eentS
Or Is apd not exceeding $50. 10 DO
a. 20 do do 40. ~ 10
- 40 do do so. 20 do
w, B. D0UTlAT, L. NJ.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
CAPTAIN Frank Nj. Duffy il

Captain Frank NJ. Duffy is
the champion prophet. He be-
lieved, away back in 1874, of
the first Centennial, that Til
den and Hendricks would be
nominated by the Democrats,
and published his faith by plac-
ing their names at the masthead
of his paper, the Franklin Ky)
Patriot. "There is no rubbing
this out" Such gift of proph-
ecy and undertaking devotion
are rare, and if Mr.. Tilden re-
wards the Captain with any
thing less than a Cabinet posi-
ton, then he deserves to be de-
feated for a second term.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Railroad Train in a Wa
terSpout.
From the Denver News.

The passenger train on the
Denver and Rio Grande Railroad,
that left Pueblo Friday at 1:30 P.
NJ. for Denver, encountered anoth-
er one of the many waterspouts
that have broken in the Territory
tLis season. When some ten miles
1T from Pueblo, Conductor G lascott
noticed anunusual cloud in the sky,
seemingly over The line ofthe road,
and advancing in the direction of
the train with unusual velocity
The next moment the entire train
was enveloped in q deluge, and the
seats and floors Of the cars were
flooded. The train was Stacked,
but the cloud was gone almost as
soon as it had come, and it was
then observed that portions of the
track in front of the train had
been swept away. In this emer-
gency the train was backed to Pu
eblO,
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Orange County Family
History.

From the Newburgh, N. Y, Journal.
Before Judge Dykman, in New
burgh, Euphrosyne Miller, wild
ow, instituted suit against her son,
John R. Miller, to set aside deed
Of farm worth $4,000 which
she had given him through dis
tress. The old woman swore that
her son said to her, "Old woman,
if you don't give me the deed, I'll
burn that barn and that house, and
you too; and, damn you, if you
won't burn, I'll kill you" The
mother, terrified by these threats,
decided the property to her son,
who turned it over to a third per
son. 1t also appears that the son
refused to attend his fathers fu-
neral, because "the old man had
given the property to the old wo-
man" and said that "if the former
was not then in a hot place he
ought to be-" The son denied all
these charges, and when he learn
ed that the deed from him to his
wife was void, lie said that she
was not his lawful wife, as he had
another wife living. Decision was
reserved.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

a young man who started for
the Black Hills, halted about
twenty miles this side of the
objective point and commenced
to dig, and the result was a
quarter of a pound of lead in
side of fifteen minutes. He
dug it out of his leg where it
had been deposited by a Noble
Red Man.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

In France out Of a popula-
ton of 100000, only two
million live ON the revenue of
accumulated wealth, the bal
ance depending on the produce
of labor.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

Two Cramps" were struck
by lightning a day or two since
in Pennsylvania, and instantly
killed. Upon which intelli-
gence an exchange remarks that
"lightning is about the only
thing that ever got the better
Of that breed"
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
A little girl in Reading, Pa, re

A little girl in Reading, Pa, re-
Gently saw an old drunken man
lying on door step, the perspi-
ration pouring off his face, and a
crowd of children preparing to
make fun of him She took her
little apron and wiped his face,
and then looked up so pitilully to
the rest and made this remark,
20, say, don't hurt him. Hes
somebody's grandpa"
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

The total number of regular
Baptist churches in the United
States, is 81, ,255; ordained min
listers, 1917. Additions du-
ring 1875; by baptism, 1854;
by letter, 32,515; by expert
ence, 1850; by restoration, s.
O76. Diminutions: by death,
12,768; by letter, 34,517; by
exclusion, 1861; by erasures,
3,719. Total membership, l.
015,300.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

@ San Francisco complains
of the immense number of unem-
ployed clerks, salesmen, and 9th
er men of that class now crowding
the city, and besieging business
men with their appeals for work.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

An Irishman seeing the nu-
merous hills and mountains out
west exclaimed: Bedad, / nev-
er was in a country before where
they had so much land that they
had to stack it.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

The philosopher of the Roch-
ester Democrat says: "Statis-
tics show that thus far in this
centennial year two boys have
been born to every girl, and a
very fine article Of boy in eve
ry instance, too" Does this
mean another war or merely
less talk?
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

Harper's Weekly wants to
know: "Is Tilden a safe man?"
The World. responds: off our
memory serves rs right, the
names Of the safe men arc IIar-
rinSton and Babcock."
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

A wag, noted for his brevity,
writes to friend to be careful in
the selection of his diet. He says,
"don't eat Q-cumbers; they'll
W up"
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

A hopeful contemporary re-
marks: "Our Government has
lived 100 years, despite sixteen
years Of Radical rule, and any
Government that can stand that
need have no fear whatsoever Of
perishing."
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
TERMS.

NT Two Dollars for one year, anvo-
riably an adconce; Two Dollars nad
Fifty Cents if payment be deferred three
months. All papers going out of the county
10 be paid for IN Advance.
EJ- Single copies, Five Cents each.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

A treatment for lung and blood
diseases, practiced in Milan, Italy,
consists in putting the patient in
to an apartment containing COM
pressed, medicated air.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
A Martyr to Science.

From the Burlington, Qowa) Hawkeye.
A Burlington naturalist, last
Sunday, while investigating the
causes and effect of the poison of
a wasp sting, nobly determined to
make of himself a martyr of sci
ence, and accordingly handed his
thumb to an impatient insect he
had Gagged in a bottle. The wasp
entered into the martyr business
with a good deal of spirit, and
backed up to the thumb with an
abruptness which took the scien
tist by surprise. He was SO deep.
ly absorbed in the study of RENE
dies that he forgot to make any
notes of the other points in con-
nection with the sting; but his
wife wrote paragraph in his note
book for the benefit of science, to
the effect that the primary effect
of a wasp sting is abrupt, blasphe
NOUS and terrific profanity, fol-
lowed by an intense desire fairly
amounting to mania for ammo
MIA, camphor and raw brandy.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10
Sudden Spread Of the
Gospel.
Kansas City Times.

There was no preaching in
this town last Sunday, and all
in consequence Of practical
joke perpetrated by a lively
young girl. The young girl,
inspired by. the world, the flesh
and a little devil mixed, sat
down, late on Saturday evening,
and sent a note to each Of the
pastors. The missives were on
tinted paper and written nicely.
They each contained these
words: "All is discovered
fly" Nine of the preachers
fed to St. Louis and three went
West. There is Il sensation in
town larger than mans hand.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

The Professor OF Medicine at
Kings College, London, recon-
mends a total change Of diet
without the aid Of medicine, as
an efficacious method of treat
ing nervous diseases.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1876-08-10

Rochester Democrat None of
us are safe. We learn from the
Chicago Times a Dubuque mule
recently died Of sun stroke.