The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1876-09-10

success and where II has been marked by fall
ure, II has been success, wnere the business
to he done was easy to manage; At the cudpera.
tive retail stu es great reductions OF price and
improvements Of quality have been secured to
the consumers. CuOperatiOn has been failure
In It's application to productive industry. In
large factory, or mine, or foundry. where the
lBburs Of hundreds or thous nus OF nien must
be combined. III order To carry out extensive
snd cOmDlCat cd opefali Ions, di ciuiine must tie
maintained, and the re sOnableueas OF the
orders gwen must DO accented without debate
by those engaged in subordinate cap cities.
The government " u factory. like the command
OF a regiment, mUst be an Hutucracy. Hence II
Is that tue trinciple OF associated effort has
been found inapuhcaOle to productive industry.
There Ia another reason why COOPERATIVE
manufacture has been "A failure. Catitdl Is ro-
Qultei for such uudcrt kings. Connection
has reduced the PROFITS ~ manufacturers so con
tiderably that an establishment unpruNided
With tne newest and most costly machinery
must show AN ADVERSE balance. Unfortunately,
the savings of tine working classes are not g. III E.
cient to enatlc them to provide the capital
necessary Tor business on a lafHe scale. II would
be unfair to the intelligeit and Industrious
working people Of England to ignore the m ny
laudable Efforts thUy have made to raise their
MA erih anu their social con, zion. The benoht
societies. the poet ONCE Swings bunk. III witt h
the savings ~ the pour are accunui,ted at the
IA Of "A million and a malt a year, the huilliu1
societies. sud thr e. q er,tive associations. at
test the Prudence ana the thrift 81 multtuGcs,
who cannot sve money vi N IA self-ienial.
lhefe l., hUweVtr. another aud more VI ca
cable form OF cooperation. nancy, that Of pay
ment bv results.
while piece work Is strongly resisted by the
! Association Of the Anairdmated Engineers in
! It's corporate ctun ity. ANA bv a CERTAIN proper
! tion of the wotknen Is much ui-iked In many
! Important d.s.fi, e., the men VINO NV learned
its value t. the aUlc and industrious mech mic
would sirendousy oppose any proposal 10 limit
lis operations.
H,re cannot do better than give an extract
fruW NJ. BftH-cy' essay on work nd ages. 80
rec riding ne experience Of tho autror's fatner.
whose testimony Is empn"t'caiy ia favor Of
piece WORK.
my father SAYS Mr.. Ilr ssov. ALWAYS pre.
TERED putting piico upun tho work. ratoer
Tn ~ paNns toy the uay. ms sys en- was muu-
ma To sulI tue usual h'oits "f the pe pic with
whom ne mad tu cal iece work could hot ia
all Gases oe .opted without some oompllca-
lions and dilhcuntivr; but NY iatner always
looked upon day work rs a losing game,
ana all his wor. was carried out, az Tar
as posi- lie. by sub contract, which Is
Even the sc Holding Tor the erection 81 irOn
bridge sucn as that over tn Severn, near Colo
brook Dae, ~ 81 feet NJ n, @ riird out
upon e principle Of sub contract; ana the
same system was adopted Tor the excavation II
meht hy olcos Is beneficial alike To- the MAJ or
ana tue man. he man earns higher WAGES,
WINE the master H. 3 the Satisfaction ~ DOT In
ing n equivalent for tue waves he h. = y III. aud
/ competing the contract when he h und, r
t,ken witn far srs.ter rapidity. On puUuo
works the difference In the earnings OF the men
paid oy piecr WORK and men working 10y the day
" Mwais remarkable. In the canal makiug
days men working In butty gangs would cara
four shillings, while others work ny ON the dAy
system would not earn more than LON two 10
three shillings day.
" TO the 1t seems that piece work Is one Of the
man, Instances IN wnich ftlend has been ms
taken for an enemy. and tnat great calamity
would befall those VINO have denounced II II
their denunc alton were carried into practical
effect"
lie comparative efficiency OF the English and
the foreign workman has been mucn discussed
IN the present nHrd times. a. IL always N wncn
trade l. tcuressed. ne truth ia that there H.
, littc difference between the amount Of work
reformed for a given sum OF mOnev In any of
the mauuf lcturins countries OF ku, ope.
AZ 10 iuie to Dnd fault with trades unions
Wnen men came To be employed together IN
numbers 40 vast, u was turai that tney should
tuiutlue to promote Their mutual interests. 1t
IL urtict TO rec 2hize These ORGANIZATIONS, and
to uJse Use Il tns facilities the, anOfd tor n q.
eoti lion nd agreement between emplu, ers
ana tus4r WorkUeOple.
Even III tue most prosperous tim es, there are
mulutudcs VINO have to hght hard battle m
tie d,ty struggle fot lie. SIDE ~ side with the
colossal fortunes sccumul ted in successful en-
without sufficient food or rAiment.