The New York herald., 1876-08-14
WAR IN SERVIA.
The Armies Of the Timok
and MoraVa.
INTERESTING DETAILS.
Turkish Brutality and Servian
Humanity.
SWARMING WIN E..
A Description Of Saitschar Be-
fore the Fall.
WARMING WIN E
A HOSPITAL VILLAGE
HEADQUARTERS ARMY or THE TIAoK,
S.rrsruAv JuIv 1S 1874

effect schange OF basc' from that point this place
Tho country is very mountainous alter leaving Alex
inatz until the valley of the source or the Timok is
reached at Boljcvatz The letter is pronounced like
In York in The English equivalents to the Servian
names OF towns) From this point tolerablc country
leads to Saschar. the present headquarters Of
General Lech:anin, commanding tho Army OF tho
rimok The country is very wcll cultivated In the val
leys and the hllsdes tho products OF the soil being
similar TO those OF the Northern and Middle States of
America with here and there a vineyard in shell
tered locality. / have Indian growing in
serva, and it seemed something like home to sec the
the stubblc of fields last winter in Austria
and Italy, but tho living stalk behcd in scrvia for
tho first time since leaving the United States
THE ILLUSIONS HOME
that came throngng in my memory as rode down the
steep mountain were speedily dispcllcd at the first
hovel encountered, where the inhabitants saued
with tho sEeyndi Bogum" GOD be with you)
which forms the chronic salute Scrvia and Bulgaria
between all parties foreigner who only knew the
word ''Bogun" God would imagine that he had
iered into the most pro!ano country the face OF the
globe in passing through the streets of OF these
siavonan towns; tho whole population, men, women
and children would to him to be outdoing tho
famous exploits OF swearing generally attributed 10
sour army in Flanders The TACT Is, they do got
prayerul CALCULATIONS badly mixed up sometimes with
expressions OF a decidedly contrary character
The Turkish peasant Slavs, like the Russians
use tho ordinary knife and fork in eating They
carry knife in sheath hung belt. which
for both these implements of tab!o
Industry, and many of tho would bs ''swes" Of
Belgrade carry their table knives with them. remcm-
bcr my feelings last summer when, landing at Abo,
the coast OF Finland noticed all The people carrying
these Implements about My conclusion formed
N that had arrived in barbarous country where
blood like water and bodies lay around like 'lcaves
In vallambrosa." This impression heightened by
Tho furious gestures and icrocious OF speaking
even IN ordinary conversation of the natives; hut
found that they cminently harmless people
and very little addicted TO quarrclng The Slavs gen.
orally have ludicrous way OF expressing anger and
defiance After torrent of furious CALCULATIONS and
much frantic swinging of his arms in tho air sud-
neny spits on the ground, regularly frantic and
emphatic expecoration This is the climax OF wrath
The other at follows suit, ana a'terward each
sentence is followed by caiike splitting until they
either ''clinc" one another march of in opposite
directions, stopping at each hvo yards TO jaw
and spit If struggle takes place there
Is hitting, as in England and Amcrca, but instead
thereof a confused pulling ana hauling, which
rorporcal framc. saw du, of this kind in Russia
last winter that lasted, with short ntcrmissions all
day. and neither combatant lost drop Of blood, but
both morlay wounded in the tailors department
The scrvian slavs, while possessing these character
lstics, somewhat more dangerous, and sometimes
asc their knives, but, generally speaking they
pcaccabc people and but little Inclined to chickering's
although when reused in warfare they very des-
perate
in and about saschar is the key TO the Eastern from
lier and it is threatened by large Turkish force
under Osman Pacna, tho commander OF she Widdin
pachaiik. Several skirmishcs havo already taken
place along tins front, but no serious engagement has
been fought Notwithstanding the enormous accounts Of
furious battles which have been described by corre-
sponccnts OF papers who are anxious to lesh their
maiden'' quis III the gore OF "A real battle field.
THE stRyIAN PLAN
The general plan Of operations adopted by tho Servian
leaders seems 10 be hold their frontiers intact to
fomcut IN ali the Turkish provinces and
arm all the refugees that come 10 their camp This
the quickest ard best method OF rousng the nsur
gents but II brings them all into the Scrvian ranks aud
makes serva the iberator Of ali tue provinces, which,
Of course, is taitering to Servian ambition. These
bands OF insurgents are expected 10 cut the Turkish
communications IN the interior o Bulgaria and Bosnia
and they are doing something IN that line; but, being
cutting the Turkish railway lines lesdng from Constau
tnopc to Rouscnouk, ON the Danube; to sophia below
kscn, and 10 Miiroutz, below Novi Bazar which, Of
soursc, are the most essential lines 10 break up.
TURKISH
The Turks evidently mean 10 attempt clearing the
line Of the Timok aud 10 orce toeir way INTO the Ser
Wan territory. to threaten The communications
between and Danube with the armies Of Tchcr-
naycl at and Alcxinaz and General Zach operat
Ing around NoyI-Bazar
rnr sgRvIAS LINES.
To coun,eract this the Servan Gencra.in-
Chief Tchernaycn, has arranged his iino as iolows
This official and should not write u but for the
act that IT cannot he published in New York before the
rituation has been changed again. LechaEin holds
satschar and Us surroundings with between ~, 900
lnt rs, 900 men. with force Nastsuaki Verskc
and PoJaua, 10 guard the road crossing the Timok by
! bridge at Nratarnka. Ichrlnlycn, Win force
oi nine brigadcs--about 10000 nen-h7s moved
MP IRON the vicinity OF the NIsch frontier so as
10 strike tho flank OF any Turkish column which may
attack Saschar TcLernayc's army consists OF 65 900
men, ana his general line stretches from kladenatz
the eastern fronter southcry along the villages in the
Balkan spurs lar as Nikolaja. thence 10 Ccrova;
from the latter point IL stretches to the westward
nlong Babina Gavn, where MS FIRST sht took place
mentioned IN my last letter; thence nortn OF AN Baa
ka hc light also described in my letter from Acxnaiz,
and then In southern and western direction TO Top
oiiniiza the Morava River On opposite side Of
the Norava he also holds Brocopi
Tho force under tue immediate command of
has lo,c0o men at rrocopIiji holding the
right wing OF the position, and guarding the
entrance TO the Torontza Valley Ivanoriiz has about
5000 men Ranor Buchovltz part of his line
ing Scrvian territory. the remainder being
Turkish prvunu. Gcorgcviiz commands the most ad
part Of the line, and has 1000 men, with his
headquarters AZ TopolntzL on the position running
from Babna ilaya through Corona, aud occuping tho
heasrern angle OF servian irontcr Ire force
under Hpvatovnz twho Is second ia command to
Tchcrna, cif), numbering about $4,000 men. To the
westward We find General Zach with force OF 80, 1000
men, inrcnched on line running IRON point about
two miles inside she ~crvian frontier to beyond
Mtrovtz, thus cutting of Now Bazaar IRON the railway
which runs from Cohsantirople 10 Mitrovitz
The Archimandrite Duchitch, who has doned the
cowi for the helmet, hes forcc OF several Thousand
men In and about Rodona, in Bosnia General
Alimpich Is inrenohcd before Bciina, whence ne Is
aiming all the insurgents Northern Bosnia, who
kavc risen Forty villages have risen in the
sprrtory occupied by General Zach while the
0crvian commanders are holding their they
ayming aud drilling the volunteers who come pouring
into tncir camps hundreds II the Savonians only
had some experienced generals should say the Otto-
man Empire had not eighteen months to live; but,
Win all ncr new nedgcd generals and colonies, IL is
o. course utterly impossible TO form any idea as 10
vha .ncy viii do Iheir materia-that is tho private
soidicrs,s nrst class natural qualities and with
eE.aVle manders and little experience in the
ncid army IN Europe would be able 10 surpass them
man for man.
rHH sITrAr1ox
nj as nj Lc en- rni he IL an