The Grange advance. [volume] (Red Wing, Minn.) 1873-1877, 1876-06-21

bell glasses. He succeeded in vaporiZ-
ing water and in fusing sulphur, which
requires temperature of 11G deg.
Centigrade and at the end of 20 min
utesof exposure he raised the tempera-
deg. yCentigrade. He subsequently
fused tin in two minutes, lead in five,
and zinc in six. The quantity of metal
in each case was a kilegramme, and
the degrees of heat required were 235
deg, 335 deg, and 75deg. Centigrade.
The first practical use made by NJ:
Mouchet Of the rediscovery, or rather
reapplication, of a force that Archi-
modes had rendered available as a
military engine of offense during the
siege OF Syracuse, was in the humble
but important department Of cookery.
His marmite solaire was Il glass jar,
in which he placed a cylinder of copper
or wrought iron, blackened without,
and resting on the bottom of the jar.
The whole WAS closed by a glass lid.
a cylindrical reflector, plated with
silver, cast the concentrated rays of the
sun on this apparatus, in which an eX-
cellent soup was made in four hours,
perfectly cooked, an unusually fine
flavor being attributed to the regular
ity Of the heat. This solar soup kettle
has been simplitied into plain glass
vessel, placed in the focus of. a concil
mirror of plated brass, in which vessel
all kinds of viands-meat, vegetables.
or fruits-ar cooked by the direct ac-
ton of the sun. Tea, coffee, or any
other infusion may thus be readily pre-
pared in 4 Lyons beer bottle; or the
vessel in the focus may be used mere
ly for the production of steam, which
is let off to a second vessel by q pipe,
and thus boils any requisite quantity
Of vegetables in a short time. By SUBJ
shutting a box of wrought iron for the
glass jar, a solar oven is formed in
which a kilogramme Of bread, said to
compare favorably with that baked in
the ordinary manner, is baked in less
than three hours. Roasting does not
require SO fierce heat as either of the
former processes. It is sufficient to
suspend the meat to be roasted in the
focus OF the reflector without inter-
posing any other vessel, either of glass
or of metal. In less than an hour Il
joint, a fowl, or a piece of game is we'll
AOteoVCos ~ 10 A4COCOStI1J w ttVO1u UllC
use of butter for basting, as the chemi-
cal rays of the sun convert this SUBJ
stance into butyric acid, which gives
an abominable taste to the roast but
by interposing a yellow or red glass,
the chemical rays are arrested. Re-
placing covering of 'marmite solaire'
by Il sort of alembic, adistilling ap-
paratus is formed. "A tube led through
a helix in the ordinary way is added,
and in 40 minutes the distillation of
two litres of wine may be effected.
In this case the flavor of the alcohol is
said to be unusually fine in consequence
of the slow regularity of the heat.
90 In 1865 NJ. Mouchet took the sun
from the kitchen to the workshop, and
at the cost of the Emperor Napoleon
completed his first mechanical solar
engine. An apparatus of this nature
is now to be seen in the courtyard of
the library at Tours. A conical silver
ed reflector. 26 metres diameter at the
base, l metre at the apex, and cent?.
metres high, exposes 4 square metres
Of rejecting surface. The angle of the
inclination of the sides of the cone to
the axis is As degrees. The boiler:
placed in the focus Of this hollow cone
is double, being in fact mere shell.
The outer coat has a longitudinal di
ameter of 80 centimetres, and trans
verse diameter of % centimetres,
while the corresponding dimensions of
the inner coat are 50'and % cent?
metres, Thus shell Of water of 3
centmetres in diameter is subjected to
the reflected heat. the contents of
the boiler being twenty hires of water
withSa steams box containing ten litres
of cubicala space. The vacant space
within the inn6r coat affords room for
the steam ana water pipes and forss the
safetyFalNa: A bell glass Of i've NIL.
limsttes thick Tor Cloths of an inchGs
uctekso as to surround the boiler
cMcentricaly at a distance of five cen
ttihetres Tor two inches.) The object
Of this transparent envelope IS to al
low the free passage, of the visible rays
of light and heat that come from the
surface of the reflector, and to arrest
the invisible thermic rays that radiate
from the blackened surface of the
boiler. The latter is thus constantly
surrounded with cushion of heated
air, except at the foot, where it is
Joined to the reflector. A clockwork
apparatus is attached, by means of
which the axis of the apparatus is kept
continually directed toward the sun.
The apparatus in question was erected
three and a half years ago, by aid of a
suby ention from the council general
of the department of Indre and Loire
The results merit attention. On the
9Th O. May, 1878, the day being fine
20 litres of water at a temperature Of