, 1876-11-25

the world still was from accepting the
principle of Fgee-trade in all its t%ullness.
America and che British Colonies were
strong Protectionists, and in every country
OF Europe some articles-salt, for instance
were subject to duties virtually prohl-
bitory. He was Of opinion that Free-trads
would make no farther great advance till
each industry was made to understand that
Protection did not benefit it's special man
ufacture. We should have thought It
easier to teach the multitude Of voters that
Protection involves q heavy tax on them,
but it 10 true that the example OF America
is in Mr.. Lefevre's favour. The people
there do not see that the protective duties
tax them for the benefit of small bodies OF
shareholders who own the ironworks and
manufactures. We regret to see that MIR.
Lefevre once more repeated the old fallacy
that Free-trade can prevent war, by " SO
interlacing the ties which connect coun-
tries that it lie difficult to cut them even
with the sword" Froe-trade cannot be
more perfect than it was between North
and South, and they hated each other and
fought one another all the same 1t would
be almost as reasonable to say that people
could not quarrel who live in the same
house, and rests on the same tallacy, name
ly, that the more enc man has to do with
another, the better he would like him.
A paper Of Miss SherifHs, read OF the
Social Science Association, apparently adj
vocated raising the class Of teachers into
q profession, TO which the access should
be as difficult as to any other Of the learn
cd professions,-a l~icenco to teach being
granted only after special training in the
art Of teaching, as we'll as in that OF the
subjects to be taught, and after an exam
nation to test the training We do noe
suppose that the writer Of the paper meant
to advocate Ouy veto on private teaching
by unlicensed persons, indeed, there IS
no veto on private doctorlng by I'M
licensed persons, except the much great
err danger OF u verdict OF manslAught-
er in case Of a bad result,-but only that
sho intended 10 make the teaching in pub
lie schools impossible except to the hold.
ers of q license. Even so, is there the sort
of advantage to be gained by a regular
technical training in the art c. teaching,
which would Justify its being MAIDS a sine
aud non or 10 there the kind of harm to
be done by those teachers who have not
had that special training which obviously
might be done by incompetent med cal
practitioners9 If not,-and we should bs
inclined TO answer both questio = in the
negative,-we very much doubt the policy
OF further limiting the supply Of public
teachers by insisting, at present, on their
having been trained to teach as well as
tanned to Learn. We want all the fresh
vigour ws can press into the ranks of
teachers, aud we have great doubts wheth-
er the art of pedagogy, at least so far as
it has been pursued as yet, has not done as
much to s%tifen, as it has done to discipline,
the minds Of those who have been appren-
ticed TO 1t.
A great deal has been said Of the impos-
Sibility Of Russia making war, owing to
her financial endorsements and the diff
Guilty Of raising a loan. The financial m
barrassment is considerable, aud a large
loan outside Russia is probably not to be
raised, but o national loan on the Napo.
leonic principle would produce some mill
lions, and Russia has one oppressive and
extravagant but effective resource. She
can procure nearly everything by issu-
Ing %inconvertible paper. An issue of
9~SO,000,000 would only increase her pa
per currency one-ffth. and nrobaklv onlv