, 1876-11-11

Leidy, Marsh and Cope. They have
filled wide gaps between older and exist
ing forms, showing all the intermediate
animals, so that we have nearly the
whole ancestry of the horse, for instance,
back to the fvc.tOed animals rot much
bigger than fox in the early cocenc.
The positions taken by the earlier
workers in zoology were then reviewed,
and the latter half OF the address SET
forth the present theories Of Darwin and
the evolution school. Professor Agussih
was driven to the eXpcdcnt of belief in
several different creations Of men, in or.
der to preserve his faith in the separate
creation OF animals, and was heartily
reprehended for his views by the rclig-
iOus contrOvcrsialists of that period
since those days, innumcrlblc facts have
been brought to bear upon the contrO'
versy. Many of these are mentioned in
detail by Professor Morse, but on the
point us to the gradual development Of
| the intellect Of animals, the discoveries
of Professor o. {. Marsh, in respect to
/ the small size of the brains of the earlier
mammals, are especially worthy ofatten'
| tion. lie has shown that the animals Of
| the earliest eOcenc formation have brains
so small that they may be likened to
to those OF a serpent, and relatively SO
dimunitve that they can be passed
through the neural cavity Of the back.
bone As We go upward in the strata
the size OF the brain steadily increases.
Its development in the monkey tribe is
regarded as the means by which those
animals were enabled to escape from the
Caruivora that then abounled and in
| tcllect, even in that era, became superior
to brute force. Due justice cannot be
done to the chain of argument by which
Professor Marsh illustrated the descent
OF the human race from ape.likC forms.
The principal feature in it was the prom
inence given to the intellectual needs and
consequent development OF the monkey.
In respect to man, the necessity of care
during the period Of infancy was strong
| ly dwclt upon and it was shown that
the long period during which young hu-
man beings have to be supported and
cared for lies at the foundation OF the
family and of social life. Due credit
was given to the workers in this field
who have traced out, step by step, the
necessities which are ocCasioned by the
long continuance W human infancy,
which calls forth alike the sympathics
and the efforts of the parents. None of
the inferior are long in acquiring the ca,
pacity for walking and procuring food.
The monkeys, within month Of their
birth, are as capable of walking as at
mature age. Man, IN his physical pow
ers, is weaker than any of the lower ami
mails that compare with him in size; his
strength is in his intellect.
A mind unbiased by preconceived
opinion can scarcely resist the convict
ions that will be forced upon it by Ma
lures facts as to mans lowly origin.
The massive skulls and coarse ridges for
muscular attachment, the rounding of
the case OF the nostrils, and early cssifi-
cation OF the nasal bones, the small era
nial capacity in certain forms, the prom
inence Of the frontal crest, the posterior
position OF the Jordnc mdgnus', approx
imation OF the temporal ridges, the lat
eral tlattening Of the shin bones, the per.
foration Of the humerus, the tendency of
the pclvis to depart from the usual pro-
proportions,-oll these are characteristic
Of the earlier races OF men. Associated
with these race forms there is rudeness
OF culture and the manifestation of the
coarsest instincts. He must be blind in.
deed who cannot recognize the truths to
whicn these evidences point.
We need no longer be surprised at the
fatalism of the Turk, the crueties prac-
ice1 by lower races, or the Outrages that
tare attributed to total dcpravity among
civilized men. They are not instigated
by an evil spirit, but are the outburst OF
the savage nature inherited from their
animal progcnitors, and are still preserv-
ed more manilestly among the lower
races of to-day. We are taught the folly
Of permitting criminals to roam at large