, 1876-09-16

HGif pCOpAU DO 0OW ldDOL III bIACIL uCIN@P
modern planters appear to have copied
nearly all their mistakes, and to have ig-
nored the very details which led to such
for the period, astonishing results. Ia the
first place, as has been shown, the grower
of the cane in Tndia, from the earliest
times to the present day, is never The ma
ker of the raw product. In defiance Of one
of the first principles Of commercial econo-
my, the necessity of a division of labor has
been hitherto disregarded. For the sugar
cane planter to crush his own canes, and,
in addition, make his own sugar, is as likely
to be attended with satisfactory results as
would a system 10 which the cotton-planter,
beyond growing cotton, and ginning it, wera
to spin and weave it. (6) Cane farming and
sugar manufacture are two as totally dis.
tinct branches Of industry, as are sheep.
breeding and cloth.mauufacture. And
more than this the extraction of the Juice
from the cane, as at present conducted
~, is an essentially different subdivision
vi the manufacture from the production OF
sugar from the Juice, as much so as are
sheep-sheariug and spinning respectively,
Even the earliest inhabitants of India
maintained their distinctions between the
agricultural, the purely mechanical and
the chemical branches Of the industry.
In order TO estimate the supreme impors
lance OF the observations Just made how.
ever, it is necessary to direct our attention
to the rise and progress of the rival manu-
tacture Of caue-sugaR from the beet-root s
the following concise account oil some of the
incidents 0 (which may be regarded by the
laaaas US ou appendix to the historical
sketch already given. In this industry the
principle OF division Of labour has been
carried out IN the minutest detail, and it
will be instructive to see how it has worked.
The fact of the manufacture, as conducted
by existing processes, being divided into
two branches, the one mechanical and the
other chemical, has also been ever kept in
view, and we may be able to gather there.
fore, by comparison, now far this has secure
ed commercial success. In place of copy
ing the methods of people who lived agea
ago, those primarily interested in the beet
root industry have had to work out the
details of an entirely new art and they
have done so upon strictly scientific prin.
Ciples. In place of the beet-root farmers
conducting this branch Of agriculture In
accordance with individual empiricism and
" rule-ofthumb," and trusting to luck and
the obliging condes2ension of the clerk
Of the weather, they have relied solely
upon the guidance Of Science, and have
spared neither pains nor outlay to the end
that it might be secured. So far from the
farmers attempting to make the sugar
themselves, the manufacture has, almost
without exception, been under the admin
i%stration of scientific men, assisted by q
class of what we may call European Col
dars, who have at length so far succeeded
in what at the outset appeared an impoSsi-
bic task, as to threaten the very existence
OF the tropical industry. 1t will scarcely
BIZ deemed to be a waste of time, therefore,
lian article be devoted as proposed.
(6j "For the same man to grow the cane.
crush it, boil the juice, snd make the sugar.
points to a system as relatively imperfect as
that when the farmer is also the miller aRd
baker."-SubtropicG1 Ram6les by Nicholss."l
Pike, late U. S. Consul at Maurisius. a
score or more Of quotations Of a like purporG
could be made.
a. These remarks are only intended to ap.
ply to the system now generally followed.
Z. EARER t.9.NnN1 SIS
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