New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1876-06-24
SCIENTIFIC MINING.
ADDRESS OF ABRAM g. HEWITT
A CENTURY or MINING AND MErALLURGY In TIE

/ A CENTURY on MINING AND hETALLChGf IN III
| UNITED STATES.
P,u1ApEIrHI., June 2O.-The annual meeting OF
the American Institute of Mining Engineers was hed
| In this city to-day The Hon. Abram 3. Hewitt OF
| New-York presided. Upon taking the cnalr nc
delivered an address entitled A Century OF MINING
| and Metallurgy in the United STATES belo's
describing the growth of tho several mining inons
tries between 1878 and 1875 Mr.. Hewitt narrated
the facts concerning the discovery of lead, copper,
and iron by the Colonists, and tho development OF
mining I'D to the year 1879. He also showed the
position of the United States among other countries
"a TO the quantity of coal and iron produced in the
world; Great Britain leading, and the United States
next following. He then continued as follows:
First OF ali must be named the erection in Phiadst
phia in 1894 of She first steamensDe IN Aplerca
celebrate this year the Centennial annisersaC vi
greater power than tho United states Of America, q
wider revolution than our War Of indepenoence 10
r@cted steam gine all the improvements OF which since
his day not to he compared Win LnDso m Tn
100 yea the stramengne transformed the face Of
the world and affected 70 its renotest corners tne @
ton of the human race Few changes have Deei SO pro-
found not one in history has been so rapni sn1
with reference to the special subject nov n ~ o
crotinn N were asked what elements mao must 10 uo
ish Tho sxft progress OF our country, should snswer
Freedom ald tho Steam-EDs But aseir s,en sh'n
nnv organized declarations outward forms OF iecuo
lies ths influence OF the steam-ongne, which has oel
from the day OF its birth, ia spite OF laws anH ny
2 Gold Mining IN the Souh.-Aready Jefferson, IN hs Us
gold weighing II pennyweights near the fctpys!i..n
mock and, about the beginning OF TINS sh
nous Cabarrus nugget, weighing 70 pounds vac uoos
cred nj The Reed Niac In North Carolina But the gre
gold excitement in the South followed the discoveries IN
lion 3prolably never moro than sS0Ooo9 IN am one
year. from 1873 TO e 10, since l.cn uv !. I SoS
ciiued TO nsgnifcance, though few enterprises DOL
in hydraulic aud quartz mining, arc no" Sca'ey p''So
cutsd. -, ~, & ~. NJ, = On. ace
OF inihracite IN ne BiastvRace-The hrst ga uieoe
events practically dates from the year 1870 stnynsn
some stnr.ce found its way u lnalkcI nluch ca'c
and the from the year 1882 The iatef VIZ TOT
lowed 10y Ae development OF Inc ys ~ ,h nrospor
OF PenugyIvania. The connection between ahs 49,
and civilization was ong ago pointed Out ~ 9 When
he observed in this state Snd In TINS very W Nei.
turing population dwelling in neat houses ahi able "
keep themselves and their bouses clean MS
Srei ia o1eat moral and Ps,heuo bepefaotor. ~ hsss
aso proved specially useful in metallnrgy ono process
nj least the American znc0Xde mahuacturt, VinS ~
ur. c,.sble without t. and In war one viii deny lts
n"ssj,rity who remembers how cruisers, burning
anthracite, and hence not tEaccaDe ~ geo ~ -
runners whose thick clouds of escaping bitumho"s
m, IRE Of Ras B,ur inors Coal in sts Bas'-
| aaes This was introduced in Isi5. ,-,. a.,
s. me Development Of ne C9pPsrntneS OF a 6s Int
steadily 10 1907, when about 500 tons OF inHo' ~ %
cover in 1863 and $3.50 It's lost ground ana se zee s sn
latter year by of the great proaast'o % ,
Calumet aud iecls Mne 10 allan Gov ,be United
stats show teat our prseht mus be credited to
'ns Tae D,,eJrerv Of cold IN California. in 1sIs-or
Enov 70 bo,n the NATIVES and the Jesuit missionaries
and also to hruters aud appers The wonderful nscs
fhrg ~ orators hisforiaus aud political econclss 70
need further description FROM me- It's direet fe4it ~
ON ,iofes IN eager pros pee and the SUGGEST We
development OF plceriules In nearly al OF t1en .,
h difeult to ~ the datcs ~ these oeghhSs Dub VIC
oey nssuinc with sufficient accuracy tat gold mining
prictcaUy began IN Oregon in ls)@' ia hriLOns
moniSTS in 1850. With the competer exploration OF
the country ANA She decline on tns r Lee
.tappcdes have grown lees frequent ana extensive al
IN the yasf day. lIss ,a III Of psRct Witch has
no, been raUsaoscl suhccntJ 10 she" ~aotel II coz
tans cx erslye AMI valuable pacerdcposlts ana those
d,. trirts which present Accommodations OF goid Ia sneh
WAY a., 10 otcF returns Immediately " MDor without
49, 49, 80 M l,p1ing industry FOR The future must be
qnartz aud hydraulic deep gravel mines These Inay
10 osIr,cg 30 maintain for years - come Their present
,s .. roi t, Il !. t 10 fnS N Of Late years
bnt ilis he attributed 70 me pacer,'hnes.
| ggIuyueussgifaL GGOHt Isbl o. Regular Ht,tig
o., Mons al aas Nee 4aade Qn,cRsiicsr Ahe IA Gale
(oIeaf" 1daciion % his meta, ~, We ne @
MI, De seen from tie table OF tee production o. The
New uadan Nine, that Il ias always FURNISHED iNee'
though OF late waning proportion OF th' s'"Au 'o''''
$ Tb. miids Of the nineteenth century was crowded
| Win imyugaut eyen.o "a mcjai,nigy and mining. II
sns IN sj6 that Gr. Eeso.mer real his paper At the
Ad.e"nths o. SeH,c Within siSfy DAYS after tHat
event a experimental Eesseuer Converter VAS Ia resGt
S' '' 80, yt,. MOI carried fsr enough 70
dem ,nsfIJo tbs value oi tu6 nC"s - oViei Proves
49,, ,tcs 80 in reduce and perfect TINS wonderful
me.od IN IA. Unitgi states. speak more briefly on
tu- Uu.ut thun rs ariu2riihs Importance Icrt
bnt n Inc presence Of one whose acquaintance with Is
30 Dio,nid sud dose services IN relation 10 ~ hays
been 80 brilliant Those o! ou L,Dpiel Eitsdehl' h
vhn ae w.-.nIjy asscc,,,i nIm in it, glorious his
tor, could aiord 10 be silent altogether
HYDRAULIC MINING.
O. nc Commencement o( G.e Hyo'rcalic &iEiEg In
dliry The position Of the aurifcrou5 states and qiar1
v,ns or The west lanl of the Sierra with the pre-
ctous mountains bchiaL them, and the brood plain be-
Fore has favored exceptionally the formation Of deep
slrifefous crayes in which California fsr exceeds sny
other known region. AAd the same Typographical fei-
lures furnish othcs prime requisites OF hydraulic
minnx namely an abundant supply Of water and sui-
hcent grade OF to permit the use OF flames and
the cacapu of ans These advantages sue keen-wltted
nIners o. the pacic Coast quick 10 make available
and think may set down the invention Oh hydraulic
| mrlug, which occurred, bcleve, about 1923 rs an
epoch In the progress of American mining u as given
", an entirely and ORIGINAL hanth OF me ART m
yuIyug many ingenious L}drOdynGuic ana hydlostltlc
| cDntriynncts; and It lis certainly made possible
| The exploitation OF thousands upon thousands
| OF acrcs OF aurfeIOns gravel which could not
| have been pruhtaMy handled IN any other
| way. The mountain torrents oil the sierra, caught
on their way the Pacific have been forced to pause
| %
the gold among clay and pebbles OF the river beds
arc nov made strip tho covering IIOn ~ aud lay II
bare again The hydrnulc mines produce at present not
| Iess titan slO,OOOOOo Si2,OOO,OOO annually, and
many enterprises OF this kind which have been prose
cucd through years " expensive preparation, ana arc
inst now beginning touch then harvess of profit, VIII
add heneeiorward TO the product may mention as an
| illustration the extensive operations OF the North
bloomfield ana Its two allied companies In California,
| which have expended In works S3,5OoOOO, aud Will
have sN deep tunnels aggrcgang over 1000 feet and
canels supplying 100 900 gallons OF water daily.
10 We mist turn for moment TO tae last essin TO
note the OF iron mining at Lake SUPERIOR
about the year 1855 The extraordinarily pure md rich
ores of the Upper Peunsula OF Mchigan now mud their
way to the extent OF l,0O0,00O tons per annum IN