The anti-monopolist. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1874-1878, 1876-08-10

of mind, depression, failure of memory in .
remarkable degree, weakness Of the arms
and legs; but all these evils disappear entire
" on the discontinuance Of the remedy, no
permanent i'll effects having been observed
to follow its employment.
DWELLING IN CAVES.
The Recent Wonderful Discoveries In
Derbyshire. England.
The Pail Mall Budget, in late issue, re-
| cords the following interesting discoveries:
| On the northeastern border Of Derbyshire
| picturesque well>wooded rayine known as
| Cresswell Crags, penetrate a low range of
! hills composed Of magnetism limestone, with
stream of water flowing through it, and
with caves and rock assures opening into it
| on either side. In one of these, some forty
or fifty yards long, known as the "Pin
Hole was an accumulation Of sand with
big blocks Of stone, pebbles, aud large guam
titles of bones and teeth The sand and
pebbles had obviously been introduced by
the stream flowing past the entrance, the
big blocks of stone had fallen from the roof
in the long course of ages, while the re-
mains of the animals were scored and
marked with teeth in such a manner as to
leave no doubt as to the possessors having
| fallen a prey to some carnivore which had
eaten not merely their flesh, but all their
more slender and ma II ow- containing bones:
and this creature was proved to be the spot
ted hyena, now found only in central and
southern Africa, by the associated jaws and
teeth worn down to stumps from its bones
eating habits.
The victims identified by Pro. Rusk be-
longed to the grizzly bear, wolf, common
fox, Arctic fox, glutton bison, reindeer,
Irish Elk, horse, woolly rhinoceros, and
mammoth OF these the Arctic fox, SO abund-
ant in the northern regions of Asia and
America is new to Britain, alth ough it has
been met with in similar accumulatlons in
France, Germany, and Switzerland The
cave had evidently been a lair of hyenas,
into which they had dragged the fragments
of their food. And the victims which came
within reach Of their jaws are of course to
be looked upon as samples OF the animals
then living in that region.
We picture to ourselves the majestic Irish
elk, the unwieldy mammoth and rhinoceros,
the small horses, and the bisons and rein
deer inhabiting the woodlands of the Upper
Trent, and coming down to the stream al
! Cresswell to drink, to be scared by the
echoing laugh of the hyenas, and to become
their prey. A grizzly bear would Of course
beat a hyena in a fair fight; and we can only
account for its presence in the hyena den y
the suppostion that it met with an accident
or was overwhelmed by the number Of its
foes, which frequently hunt in packs We
may infer from the presence OF the Arctic
fox and the reindeer that the climate was
more severe in Derbyshire during the time
the cave was inhabited than it is now. 1t
was probably analogous to that Of America,
north of line drawn from Omaha to San
| Francisco where the summer heat and wins
/ ter cold are excessive.
These discoveries were promptly followed
up last autum by the exploration of another
cave close by, known as 1.-The Ro 5in Hood
"a familiar name in Derby shire for caves
which revealed the presence Of man in
| the neirhborhood, while the animals men,
toned above were roaming over the district.
On the floor was a layer Of light sand with
| out animal remains. on which rested de-
/ post of red sand Of the same kind as that
| in the Pin Hole, and containing the bones Of
| the same animals, with the exception Of the
! glutton and the Arctic fox. and with the ad
| dition Of the lion and the wild boar. and the
| brown bear These had evidently been in
troduccd by the hyenas. Above this was
a stratum Of red earth also containing the
| same species but III addition a large num-
Der Of rude implements OF flint and Of quart
zitc, triangular flakes which had been used
| in cutting, oval instruments with cutting
surface all around and scrapers, which
| from their likeness 10 those III use among
| the Eskimaux ana North American Indians
were intended for the preparation OF
hides.
These las. are Of the same sort a. those
which have been described a. beng in use
in s.3 among the Soshone Indians Of mort b
western Wyoming. 1.-The Soshones" an
observer writes, though mostly provided
with tools Of iron and steel Of approved
patterns, are still TO be seen employing as a
scraper IN the dressing 0. skins mere tes>
boa, consisting Of small horn boulder
AIner al one end, split through the nidd. G
IN such o manner as 10 furnish rough cut
1 ting edge al one side; And he adds:
1 There seems to be considerable advan-
| tage in this over any form o; knife or other
too which has yet reached them from with
out, and il IS probable that it will be retain
eli 50 long a. their present method Of pre-
| par.ng hides j. III vogue.
| Il II not little strange To meet with this
very tool IN a cave in Derbyshirc. The
Whole group OF implements from this bronze
| J. Q. the same type a. those found in the
caves II M0us.Ier and Auvercue and the
loses; strata ii heats Hole. a. well az
those wnlca are scattered through the de-
| posts 81 ancient rivers il as*ocIatIon with
the extinct animals from the APPS AMI Py-
/ rene-- IL far TO the moth Ill LINCOLN and
Cambridge, and which hare been met with
ri Palestine a. WEI - In India They oil
belong to faan in the hunter stage Of exist
cncc, and t4elr presence here in association
wltA the remains Of animals brought in by
tae aEeaas, proves thai the cave wAs occa-
plea sometimes BY the Ayeu4 and sometimes
b. the hanters during the time that the rel
earth H-s being .l0Eig deposited b. the
actor. 81 the rain
sae tairi Stage in the history Of the care
j. represented ~ tie oreccla layer Of
earth stones. bones d rhlnoceros, nyena
ami reialeeF. charcoal. and implement.
cemea'ei together into solid raa=s i,y a
c4lcare5aa la.tratioE, AMI covering ND the