The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1876-02-27
LETTERS ON 10 URNALTsm.
Origin Of Newspa pers-Their Circulation in
Americn n nd In Europr.

newspaper" and journal" as Synonymous,
though there IL a clear distinction between the
ideas presented by the two words. The French
are particularly liable to make this mistake, APP
plying, Us they do, the word Journal to all kinds
Of d lily publications, some Of which ought not
to be called otherwise than gazeites.
The Engllsh newspaper IL a modern sub
stitute for the gazette" word Of italian
origin, and which nrst designated a written
sheet communicating In a concise manner aud
as promptly as possible the current news. This
word has been universally accepted throughout
Europe, and there was for nearly two centuries
no other term In use to express what now called
the newspaper" The i" Journal" on tho other
hand italian gtOrrdle), was originally adopted
as a term TO designate a periodical publication,
whether da,7, weekly, OF monthly, bearing the
char cter Of an analytical record or exposition
OF events In various dep rtments OF human life
and knowledge. Thus the Home Journal for in
stance. which portakes much of the nature OF a
review. can legitimately call Itself journal but
the journal Of Commerce has. strictly speaking,
right to sly le itself, for II Is daily news
paper, a gazette. The Germans, who used for
long while both the words gazette and Journal,
have found substitutes for them, but they pre-
serve the distinction implied In the meaning OF
these words. They call the newspaper ZsUung,
and the journal or periodical review ZettschiUt.
Tho word gazette Is derived from a small We
W." w. 49,, a,.o,a., 49,
e"o'" " 80 10 $500. -, -, a., 49,,
"suo VI ~" ""o , r'. , -,
- - -, ,r.,,. 49,, ~. -. -.
""' NV" % "a' w" , >, - .,, W,
""S 49," ~" 80" =,
ing IA the public square. This was the
| true origin Of the newspaper, though
| a few occasional sheets preserved here and there
w 'n' i'V' " '"e ~ -.
'"s'a ' ''u '.as. .ua. 80 a.. rS r,,,
occurrences "oie pi'".ou :" w. ''''.. -
"s '"o ee'o'u uai ", VIZ ~ 80" 49,,
o"'o"'V.eu o'o"'' inv '"o u'oOo'e,' " -,
a4o"N''uo ~ ".0oo.s- " =, '''..',. ~,
| sO"9' "''O" 1919, ~ 100 - 49,, -.
o"'is''s" " VIC a"1
.ioue',,A w ,,''.s.
oo "u'uo'v VI 'uo o.''o s ., .s'., ~"
| ~" ~ ''o - ~ -. -
newspaper Is uue W ."o @uo,euS Wv" -
"u."oo'N u. "e guy = 80 10 - 1,s,..'.'o
,'o' 10 oS nv ,uoi"' 'o's'oN o"o - 80
Nu'enoerH' rnls' honuo'' snu se"'e'' .ao1
oiaiul '"o oreuit VI having VI.
a"e"SP"e'' "' 49, 80
newspapers "a'' o'e" 49,
Ae.'es' seems o'eaip W p''.' W ."' ~ ,'
Origin Vi tno newspaper. A"u ."o '"eV'y w 10,
oo'nes al tuo inore p,oo"O'e % ~ '"'' .'"' -"
."o s'e"' ,uoaS a,u .an,v - WV
oo.uo's y, ."o anu ."o
n '"ua''o Oo"e0', ' " '"o "O- "''s' ~.
va" news ofouiaTS us 'ce" p'eso''eN III WV
"atn'oe.Vu' nV,A' Nv n'vlVn0e. .,,..,
Aoo H''' p''"'eu nc" sp,pe' ot''
however was unuouo'eu'y ue'in""' was
"eeAN Puohoa'ion s'"i'eu Wy wv f'""n'o'
ooo"so"e' i--e'oip" i''""'e' :" ioio N So"' ''.s'
."e u'oo'oi " ,,o p's' on'Oe VI Wv '"''o wy ,
5ouuun Won uer p"E"ue"' eauseu n'" W suepe"t
oy issuing sem onio'A' weeAp organ oa,'eu
.he rrd"y"t| o0e'poo'""'S@e"",'e' 4" n'H-
ia"u '"o n.se "V"sp"Po' "'p 10 nv
u,1.1Js,, ~, TO-, E,r,t. p,r,,s I, ,yas
,,,,','et 49,, Na,n.ntaI nn,,or vho nad hoen nra
.,as,, = ,,,r,,or % no,ys ,a,,ara Tho f,.her ~,
, ,ha no,,.nan.r r-sss I, Pence IA Thk ,ohraste
u.,,,,,,,,, " ,,a,,o,, n,,, VIII ha,,n 70 n,hIsh
Tho 0,,,,,s IN ian. and ss,ahlisnsd IL al we'll
+, ,na, ~, n,oer onnc.,ed ,v,,hou, ints,rnn,,on
,tI,,a u Ion y, rorror or Tor over on, INN.
droa a., o,,v ,aa-s In mia c,nn,ry ,ha e,rItest
o,,.sna,,or ,,,s m, uoa,or Ma Je,,,r NJ ,7al
Au,hoso n,,huo,,,ons xvara ,vaal.lv and n ma,
' no, %, hssn aa,,st,c,or,Iv es,abI,shed. N IN,
on,.rn,,sa ~ .. hich n, tho coun,r,es 4. due I'M
a., AIN, n.oor rhora ara ra,sons IN helieve
8 thouob tha, IN tho French Journal ds La Ylls d,
o. pad. nelongs th,s honor I,seams IN n va nee,
0 | isauad IN A daily form .ome vears hefnrs III,
a | Ioodon D,1,, n,,,ront vyaa a,ar,ad IN nm,
| In Of W
4 contained in tho Acta Di,,y,,a Of the Romans
Z vnIch ch,on,clod ha,,l.s. axecut,ona ala
: and simil,r avon,s thouoh mora with a visyv I,
p LsoD raoord q, ,hou and 20 .and c,p,os y
d ,nasa ,ecordst IN tbea,mies a,h,,no abroad. tina,
! To immedtata announcements Tine Cbtne.e tb
japanese, and the Pc SLAMS seem also to hav
kept records OF this kind from a very remot
period. But II Ia evident tn 1t the true idea Of
u daily public print could be conserved and car
ried out only upon the discovery OF printing AM
the establishment OF some sort of regular posti
communication.
To ATTEMPT TO give ANYTHING like true plctur
= OF the DEVELOPMENT of the newspaper pres
j. would be to write the history OF the mo der
Q civnz alton Of the globe. II the history OF tn
o past has been based upon individual memoir
" ana chronicles, the history OF the future Is to b
t entirely a compil ltion OF wnat the press records
Q day after day. The newspapers arc frequentl
= accused of launching canards and telling delib
3 crate Hes, but they are nevertheless, Ms whole