New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1876-08-26

world Their names are follows Dr.. Otto NJ T0rreii
Director of the Geological Survey OF sweden; d.
f. H. v. Baumhaur and DIR. Il. H. v. Bauinhauer oi 'ho
Netherlands; Dr. Joshua Lindalel DIR. Tn. Fords,ron
DR.. III. Hamburger, and DR.. Rudolf Koenig OF sweden
Emile Brugsch and e. Ddninos of Cairo, Egypt; VIM
sagel and DR.. Ernst Flerschel OF Vienna; Dr. fran
berger Brunn, Austria, and Aessandra Caseiiani Oh
Rome These gentlemen all understand, were re-
ceved as guests and already could attest the eordia
and warm hospitality they had received at the ands OF
the citizens of Buffalo 1t was incumbent upon him also
to give them welcome. Recognizing no national limits
the community OF science represents vast confedera
ton and all its citizens united in liberty OF discus
sion, liberty of research and love of truth.
After the usual announcements and routine work, the
association adjourned to the various section meetings
in the central school building, Niagara-square
POINTS IN THE LIFE OF IIMPET.
The first paper the programme before section Is
Natural History by Capt W. II. Dali OF the Coast
Survey, the mode Of extruson OF ova In the hhpe'
The impets Capt. Dan explained are little moiusKs
which occur in great numbers all northern coasts
Their shells have simple comeal shape, and tit closely
down upon tile rock which they cling, entirely cover
ing I'D (when the animals WIN all the soft parts Taxing
the shell Oft, membrane 1.-THE nantle) Is iounu sprean
underneath, with the head protruding AT one
end Under this, along the edge. hang
tie curtain like gls; within are tho mites
tines heart liver and two known as tho renal
sacs because they the purpose of Kidneys be-
low which hangs the large ovarv. Tho whole IL sup
ported ulon strong muscular floor called the 1oo,
To which all muscles attached. The excretory
orhces Of the in minute paplle near the
neck and that OF the ntestnes the right side of the
neck These nolusks have been studied ever since Lin
naus named them Pdcta, and their anatomy has been
fully mado by several eminent maacoiosiss, with
the exception of single point VIZ, the way
in which the eggs get free from tho
ovsac and cavity OF the body in which no opening coud
be found. Various theories advanced but none sat
sfactory ana for several yeas Capt Dali himself has
been dissecng mpets dead and alive without solving
the problem TIC minute size and fragility Of all the
parts was one great obstacle Not long ago, however
Capt Dali hau opportunity 10 discct several hmpcts
Ct extraOTdnary size which Prot Agassz brought home
from the Hassler Expedition, and found one IN which
the ovarics were fun of eggs. He observed that
those eggs which lay at tho extremties OF
the ovisac nearest the renal sacs wero gr'nuatcd
congested, and much ripper than the rest and that
very minute orfoes allowed Of communication between
the ovisac the renal sac. Further examination
showed still ripper in the renal itself, ana az IL
were. drifting toward the external opening through
which they ossed into the water and began their
embryonic life. The problem solved in way en-
tirey uuoxpectcd but this OF cxtuson of the
Ova known to exist in some other lnollusks and III
some low fishes.
Ape DAGEs OF TIE MUDFIsH
Prof. Burt G. Wilder styled his paper "Notcs on North
American Ganoids," referring TO the mndhsh and the
gapke Concerning the rst he discussed the scrrated
appendices of the hyOid istlnnus Tho mudfsh Umial
is usually classed among the ganods Between the rai
OF the law ia bucklcr tie hOmClogy OF which II not yet
understood. structure somewhat similar occurs in
Elops alops Of the herring family and perhaps IN
Pulypterus, a ganoid. An absolute pecuiIarty seems
to he presented in the mudsh by Two pairs OF scIated
cartilagnOus APP cndagcs of skin each side OF the
hyod arch. No detailed description or figures nave ever
been published. In Smaller nadn'n t,e , ai'ciir".
In and Older ones both are present and the hinder
pair longer both aosoiuely aud reaI.ey nenec terG
structure No function has been observed or assigned TO
them They are too flexible Ia serve for offensive
weapons Very young Qess than two inches in icngth)
specimens should be studied. the sex being noted;
bike or bill hs;l Lcldosteus). The transformations Of
its tail in growth have been shown 1t ~ hrst Proio,
cereal." then "beterocIrcal" then finally 3" masked
The tail OF an adnlG mudfsh has similar structure; IN
the smallest known example, the eaftulsnous p!o'ong-
alton OF the spine almost reaches The upper houer OF inc
ta, tchdi justify the suggestion made laet year,
That the young the tan may undergo the same
4 lively discussion followed. Prof. Marsh was much
impressed VITA the facts because these fishes are rem
nants of groups abundant III the earliest tertiary rpoh7
of America These OF to-day are the last OF tie Mohe-
gans 1t WOULD be not unlikely II we slod hnd oso
eary orIs To represent the embryonic CONDITION Oh those
living now. He hopes to confirm Dr. Wdcr's sugges-
ions from studies OF the fossils. DE- Newberry Thought
the appendagrs were remnants OF an arnor inly De
yeopId in thelT progentors iils acaia,Iiance WIN
for COMPARISON The oldest fishes ncosed in
with scaly cauda 6ppcnaees Ihelr hdOt was Ia lie I'D
has been toward physical organization allowing oi
greater activity, for the reason mat ent-arned
chiynIry He showed by blackboard drawings the dir
erent s;o OF these changes Illustrating particularly
the deviation from the original heerOcercdi FORM oil the
tail.
FERTILIZATION OF FLOWERS.
In a paper Prof Thomas Mcehan Of Germantown.
Penn referred paper read last by him before
the association in which he questioned the axiom held
by some leading botansts that plants general thing
abhored close breeding and that all flowers with color
fragrance OF sweet odors only DC ferzec by insect
agency This paper is the result OF another year eXpc
Renee and now the author takes positive grOund against
tie theory His method has been 10 take fine gauze bags
and cover the opening flowers OF such az are gwen IA
examples of tie impossible without insect aid.
OF these he names red clover, white clover,
Iris virginia., Cam panua. dandeiion and many offers
as seeding JusI az wen uiea t t,c1 In farf Rn
tisa among Lcgumhose plants, and the curious uDe oi
0rcodacea ae the chief ones which do not 10 seed
without insect ald Yucca requires insect aid hut sue,
ceeis iuet as wei with its own Jolicn when appled
atifcia and the presence OF the Insect pronuba yuc-
ca,ea Is therefore argument for cross fertilization,
which II the matter ia controversy ilc author thei
shows low flowers icrzc themselves, whenlt was
tho1.,nt ppos them by Oiginrl observe
tons on the behavior OF living plants The arguments
that color and fragrance have been gwen 10 howeIs III
order 20 rct insects % the and thus insure cross
fertilization, ~ mces by such instances as ihat OF e
black cap ana other I.spDeies, wyn nav I1,
coior fragrance, aud get are remarkably attdeiNe
to psects and yet flowers produce spberIies Just
we'll under Rauzc bags whcn tnc Insects are
Another proof IRON tc opposite direction - tt Oh s1he
sIuachS and willows when have male ana lchac HOW
rrs on separate PLANTS The male flowers have color,
fragrance aud honcyel secretions AMI are very
Attractive TO insccts; but they do not visit and
thus carry pollen to the female flowers at all
Using the argument OF TIE other side, TINS should
proye that color fragrance and hOueyed secreuons were
not made for fertilization bats lie then enters on
Ogici discussion, arguing that th0ugh the iorets
IN bcd Of cOmupHiie flowers and others should nave 40
he erizcd by each other they are as nch brother ana
sister rs anything quoted IN Illustration from the animal
world amt therefore the argument would DO worthless
IA against point. Finally, he SHOWS tnat III IA laigc
number Of where plants do not sea Dy te app ca
7 tIaltn pllIf
cation of Foreign pollen Inserts do not ald them by
referring TO known physiological laws, he arrives at the
c0ncs,n that these sexual iii, tuIbances have 10 rcll