The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1876-07-14

tien and commercial distress. On the eE-
pigati0n Of his term, William Henry Har-
rison vas chosen, who lived but one month
after his Inauguration, Vicc-P President Tyler
taking lis place for the balance Of the term.
The AshburtGn treaty was effected between
England and the United States at this
time, which settled vexed question con-
corning the boundary line between Maine
al4I New Brunswick.
Games T. Polk was President in 1S4J, ,and
the country became involved in war with
Mexico, the United States claiming that
tlFe Rio Grande was the western boundary
OF I'exas Mexico claiming it was the river
NAeces (the two rivers being 100 miles
aB8rt) Unable TO effect an adjustment it
sghs submitted to the arbitramcnt of the
sNord, ard after the war had lasted two
years Mexico acknowledged the Rio Grande
as the boundary-line.
AT the next election Zachary Taylor be-
came the choice of the people for the Pres
iciency he occupied the position Of Chief
Executive q little over one year and died,
when Nillafd Fillmore, the Nice-Prosident,
assumed tho position and Office. Much OK
citement existed during the greater part OF
this administration, because Of the enact
ffff59lt Of the slave law. Certain compro-
by Henry Clay looking to q peaceful solu-
ton of the question of slavery, which was
acitating The whole country, and for time
partially Quictcd the public mind. Frank
lin Pierce became Mr.. Fillmore successor,
and the slavery agitation was still further
increased by the attempted overthrow Of the
Missouri compromise ; and the question OF
the admission Of Kansas and Nebraska into
the Union as slave or anti-slavo States.
Congress wisely concluded to let the lnhab-
itantS of those Territories decide the Ques-
ton for themselves, which they did, and
decided they should be free. Amore peace
fiji event of the Pierce administration was
purchase from Mexico for ten millions Of
dollars OF what is now knownas part OF the
Territories Of Arizona and New Mexico !;
this making the whole territorial extent OF
the United States nearly three millions Of
square miles larger by far than the famous
Roman Empire i'll its palmi9st days, At
the same time. the treaty with Japan open
cd the ports Uf that nation to the commerce
of the United States. Almost the whole Of
James Buchauar's administration WAS oc-
cupieI III attending to internal difficulties,
c0Iumen2iu.r wicIl the " Drcli Scott Dccis-
ION" which declared the right Of slave
holders 10 take their slaves with chem into
any part of the country, which action 1t IS
claimed prompted what is known as the
:',Jo}n Brown Raid These events
brought the agitation of the slavery qucs-
tion % The highest point Of interest; SO that
when the ensuing election drew near, there
we're four candidates nominated for the
Presidency, and Abraham Lincoln was
chosen. lie Was not disposed to interfere
with slavery where it was already esta5-
l;shcl. But his election was regarded by
many III the slave States as dangerous TO
She interests Of slavery, and these resolved
to dissolve the Union. 4 compact was
formed by these States, and armed resist
arce 10 the government was lnauguratcd.
[ shall not trace the details Of those days OF
s9rrow and grief to the Whole country
caused by the war, which for four long
yeals held lis bIood-stained lash over the
bacI, Of the nation, and was ended by the
surrender OF the armies of the rebellion,
followed Uy the assassination Of President
Lincoln for thes5 things are fresh III our
minds. But looking back We cannot but
think. had tile country taken q few Of the
leading politicians and hung them war
might have been avertcd, and thousands OF
useful lives spared for had it not been for
these, misunderstanding would all have
been amicably adjusted, and the people
would not have been led by these blind
Ne s tary rf2g@q5 that We were them what
lincoln Vice President Johnson succeeded
him to the Office. During his term, through
the negotiation Of w. Il. Seward, then Sec
rotary of State, Alaska was bought from
Russia It's area is about half g million
square miles,
Instead of the 20, 000 square miles claim
cd lv the Colonies 100 years ago, VIC have
crown until the whole amount Of Territory
| owned By tie United States Is to-day over
| tlFraa aNd a half million square4nilcS. From
13 States We lave multiplied to 'js, ans
! from threc millions Of people we have III
| creased t., forty-two millions. Gen, Grant
| the ,.rascnt Chief Executive, has seen al
| the seeding States restored to their places
| in the Union, and given the nations an ez-
ample worthy Of imitation by submitting
national difficulties to arbitration instead 0
appealing to the sword which like the &c
neYa commission brings peace aud &mlty
| instead Of war, desolation and death. 1T l.
emineutly proper that the largest and great
est Republic on the globe, laying aside pet
| tv inal)usies, strife aIG enmity, should lea(
| the nations to higher plane Of true man
| hood, and cyinGa q greater love toward tht
Whole human family chan the world ha
ever heretofore known. When we neglect
to tla this, we arc reGreant 10 the trust com
mitted 10 our charge and unworthy th'
privileges with which the Ruler OF nation
| has endowed lis For while occupying on
pra,Id position, our words and acts are id
{Iuaucinp the hearts aud minds of others
which viii operate for the veal Or woe o
the Universe.
All nationalities under the sun have com
to as and fouud home upon our shores
where the hand Of the tyEant is unknown
where ali may live wish none to molest o
make them afraid. And the influence g
orr institutions are making their impress
ions up3u these and are reflected through
them upon the nations Of the Old Worlo
or our large population We find that i 600
600 are engaged in farming, or a%r:c1ltur5
pursuits OF s0mc sort, who have 304, l01, 81
acres Of land enclosed this does not inolud
the millions Of acres that arc cultivated
bit not enclosed nor the virgin prairie, {
fertile valleys whose sod has never bee
disturbed by the Plow Our commercii
development has grown with our growth
hardly two centuries ago our exports War
small quantity of furs, sasalras, c!al
boards, Wainscoting, and little corn an
extraordinarily enough to deserve th
name Of commerce. Our exports tio'
agriculture alone are now estimated t
exceed annually $500, 900, 900, while IL
ships carrying our flag have total est
mate of 10,000 600 tons. While our agricu
ttlral and commercial interests have grow
, beyond precedent; the Manufactures
the country have kept pace with her sister
; / Commerce and Agricultural in adyancin
t the general interest, greatness and happ
ness OF our people. The total value {
i domestic manufacturies (including Il
products Of tho mines) for the past ye;
t are moderately estimated as twentg-eigl
hundred millions Of dollars; and the
7 various manufactures give support
; $500, 900 persons in the United State
/ These two facts alone exalt this branch
: industry to the first rank Of importance.
S By no means the least among the iH
4 prayemcnts OF the past, is the progress
: education and educational facilities scho
i houses multiply tie opportunities {
l.amsiag, while the new States Of the We
e lid fair to outstrip the older onrs Of t
: East ia tho race for knowledge. Illustl
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