The New York herald., 1876-02-01
,1vAN TIE TERRIBLE"
The Spread Of Com
munism in Russia.
RUSSIA AND ENGLAND IN INDIA.
The Meaning of the Con-
quest Of Khiva.
THE QUESTION OF SLAVIC NATIONALITY

PARIS. Jan. 2, 1876.
To rHR EDIToR OF TRR HERALD
There is nothing more difhcut than to understand
and appreciate the general laws OF occurring in
our day and before our II we turn to the past
we discern the leading idea which survives its RUNS
The pecuarities, the accidents, the phenomena have
disappeared We the principles the spirit that
animated them during centuries In our time tho null
ttudc Of conflicting events that appear the surface
dim the clearness OF the background just the intense
passion deadens the Judgment And yet events
governed by soul they have been in the past
The idea is the consistent continuing idea which ami
all life 1t is like the that form the world
the nebulary formations In that
lie beyond tho reach Of tho eiescopc eye of
PROGRESS.
In order to how ideas arise II Is sufficient
10 compare those nations imbued with a spirit OF
progress with those prey TO reaction. The
former grow and increase iii history with their Deeds
the mind with their creations, the seas with navies
The forces OF the earth become their slaves The
ter decayiag and fcebic divide their time between the
1tfulncss Of civil and the inertia OF despotsm In
the sixteenth century tho region which forms the
expiring Empire OF Turkey seemed destined TO become
the OF Europe Tho territory that now forms
the great American Republic hardly known, or
traverscd by few heroic adventurers, who were
led forward to the virgin forests and the mysterious
Impulse
authority Of military empire has dried up the foun-
tains OF life on the shores of the Bosphorus In the
forests OF North America free conscience justice the
modcrnizing spirit by the pilgrims have
founded republic that destined by ever in
crcasng strength close the wars and
the creative virtue of honest effort found the
era Of peace.
LJSEs-AsrA AMERICA.
The earth. like time. is divided into three great
parts Africa and Asia represent tho past producing
inert societies. the despot the apex the serf at
the base America represents the future. Here the
aristocracics of the past are be seen. The
chiefs Of Asatc castos called kings the official churches
where the recoecuons of thcocracy are sacred the
absurd privileges dividing human societies into herar
chies-all these and will lie unknown. The liberty
of tho individual will be in full harmony with the lib
erty of all, awakening the warmth of a multiplying,
progressive life
EUROPE Az 1T Is.
And between tho slavery of Asia aud the liberty of
America, bctwocu tho castles OF Old World and the
democraccs OF tho Now between the deepening shades
OF tho past and the bright dawn OF tho future, the
Europe OF the present placed opposing
forces two contradictory principles II s between the
monarchcs or reprcscn ntatvcs OF CASTE which, though
weak and dccayng still retain sufficient strength
TO live, and the dcmocracies that, strong,
aggressive and robust as they are have
yet acquired the culture necessary to COM
plcely assert their power Thus, the land Of
monarchcs and America the country OF republics
Europe destined be for some tno to come the
region OF constitutional systems. 1t is tho medium
between OF monarchy and republic as the
present is the between tho past and the future
GREAT
To fulnl with greater ndcIity which have unde-
taken will endoavor to Intervene events past ana
fo-
NIT, the future As overy is the OF extend
gencalogy and every organism the of otncr
and anterior organisms every leading event is sur
rounded by numerous preceding affairs regulated by
logical law The connecting of the events of the day
with their antecedcnts WILL therefore, DO my special
study the present letter and In following communi-
catons In fatality regns; history liberty
governs. In nature can demand no responsibility
We cannot ask the why be scorches burns, be-
he complies with inevitable laws shut we can ask
from the history OF OF the good or evil
he does Man is free, and, consequently responsible
under the moral law For this reason, whenever we
nnd who takes leading part in the develop
ment OF human incidents study him, his tempera-
ment his character, his intelligence his public ca.
reer, and award him the glory the nfamy his ca
reer.
EUROPEAN NATIONS OF OUR TINE.
Various communities occupy the Continent Of Eu.
rope to-day The North the Scandnavians, descended
from such races as the Normans who exercised an
enormous influence In the development OF civilization
during the Middle Ages by incursons the last of
the cruptons began by the German nations The
East is held by the Slaves whom Eastern pride calls
Slavonans great Slaves Serves or Serviaus, and who
cause the East rembIe with terror by their confed.
crations and projected alliances Threatening more and
more the peace aud stability of other States In the
Southeast dwell Greeks the philosophers artists
and lawmakers OF the Old World, each day receding
further and further from their pristine splendor
Near them are Turks, the to tho Gre
cian Empire who conquered by the scymitar but
who, having failed liberty, preparing
leave the territory TO some younger and freer free
dom. The Germans, the Latin race and the AngloSax-
their spacious isle occupy the centre. And the
two great pennsulas Of Italy and Spain, which, with
Greece. have contributed most to human culture, the
ono at the South and the other at the West contain
faces in whom tho Latin spirit and character still pre-
dominate, notwithstanding the various elements OF
difference that centuries have introduced. In this
immense aggIomeraton OF races there are interme-
tiate communities having tempers peculiar to them
selves like the Magyars for instance situated between
The Slaves Of the North and those Of the South, and
ike the Cets, who held Ireland under the Saxon rule
Again, there the Roumanians, geographically be-
onging to the Slaves but by origin TO the Latins.
RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
Ihe hrst in power and splendor is the Russian En-
'ire which since the Crmcan war has been devoted
'he work OF steady, interior reorganization, and
since the Franco-Prussian campaign has been mainly
seeking foreign preponderance. II we examine this
great people, whose country resembles countries of
the ancient Asiatcs whose Inhabitants only awaited
signal at any time to plunge into warfare we shall find
those volcanic aspirations which demonstrate the f.
versh activity Of young races gifted with ambition
and hope AT the blush we see only car on the
throne aud people in the dust, but deeper study
uniods the genesis Of spirit The difficulties of
The obscure Russian tongue generally deprives Russian
Of their meritcd fame and yet there lie no IL
more nDDEODrais 10 own AEs than lhs Rus