, 1876-11-10
THE BLACK HILLS EXPEDITION.
Somo oI tho 1scnulta of tho Typographical
and Geological Surrey ut 1875.

Sorno o1 tho lscnulta nf tho Typographical
and GrolnEjcal Survey ut 1875.
Ns1r York 7ftnrs
In thc Spring y ISIS t't Government scnt an
exploring uxpcltion " tha black Hills for tho
purpose Of thoroughly surveying them md re-
H,,ng ~ 9n nss %g, sogs1' 1ornn nm
under tho charge nf Prof. Walter r. Jctiilcy. Of
Massachusetts, aud its labosa occupied the wofe
summer. Thu results Of these lab,fs nrc 10 be
embodied In report, witch will BIZ la!d before
work Is now III progress at thr School Of Mines,
Columbia College. Thcru tnny be seen thu untY
map Of this Nauk llllls region ever .tnade, and
although this tsns yet In nh unfinished condition,
ininrmatian may be obtained from 1t.
The typographical portion Of tug expedition
wns under the chtHsu Of Dr. N. r.. McGllly-.
ssuldy ed A,r; Em s{ahl" latoo H. un!tSa n
Is nov employed on tic ,nnp, which Is model
of beautiful execution. vi to this time the
Black Hills had always been laid down OH every
ellnrt ns Il blank apncc marked "uncxporcd.H
,!o difficulty In inakIng way through this won
Capt. Tuttie, United States NavY, lad charge
Of tho astronomical brnnch Of tic surrey. anil
4s deg. IL min. and Is deg. nor.ll latitude, md
between 1tG3 deg. and 1N deg. 2, longitude west
frum arcenwIct. Their gc,,cra1 outline Is that
Of hntaa1 =; sari nn s'nE'ar'y enonEl ths
outline ~ tsfHItnetlY traced W Iiost tGtnhrKa-
mountainous upland rure valley. which, fro,n
It's colnr, Is rallc1s Red Valley. This singular
depression marks The ontinc rs lncrrIngly rs
r dug out for tic purpose by sume va'l-
tshct race. II varies In width frum d quarter
Of mills to tmp miles; tl1c ends, which slope
gently, arc clothed with green, int the bot
tom 's ,e:vcrywherc of rcd clay, and has given
the wiley its nau.c. On tho .nurt1i and
south tho Black Hills lave also another ,laturul
ttcv lin fEI! II
south forks ot tic Cheyenne, The nurthcrnl,st
Of these rivera IL called by the old settlers
"Beilc Fourctfe," t'r Beautiful Furi:, because Of
tic cStraorl!nnrT beauty Of the pcilue'l stren,n,
black Hills lie acrnss tho boundaries between
Wyoming mud Dakota Territories, that Is, the
10Th ucgrcr Of longitude, which divides them
Hack Hills rise In series ot abrupt arcvities,
which 1rc cut by deep Crlchcs III tnany places,
resembling IN their fnrInat'on tho outaprcad fng-
ers of N la,.d. n the streams which run tro,'gl,
tllcEe gUlches tho gold Is futlnd, and here In
another singular met anout this remarkable re-
gloh, and that e, that these wild mountain tor-
rents, which come tearing tlnwn trpnt tho
Heights above, swollen at li'nca 80 great streams,
the rcd valleys nn then, in the prairics beyond,
utterly vanish, bciug all drunk IN by the thirsty
Boii, cxcrpt III thu spring, wllcn swollen by tho
melting nnows, they How quito across 70 the
1UTk VI ktG NlltSG}uCt
Journpylng stu Inward, the lnnd rises, nj
ways higher ntll higher, until # towers up into
mountain pcaks. The highest af thcsu II liar
nry's Peak, which rises to IN altitude nf 7,403
feet asnpvo tho lcrei Of the sen. The next Is
ito rock, which Shoots up 7,Is. ieci.
Another imposing mountain Is Tcrry's
Peak ,233 feet high, which rises n rreclpltaus
heights from. thu slopes INFLOW. Still auotl,ur
lofty etnint l,cc, Custers Peak, flas mn altitude
Of 1907 feet. Of coursu oil these nnIl.es were
given by the expedition, who titus hu.,orcd tho
brav. olIlcrrs who riskcd thclr lives In thta Wild
country. On tho weacTll B!tlc Of tic hills Ia
lofty point rallel 1ngnsl Kara Nil old landmark
known for many years to MI tho settlers uf this
region, at,t1 wrh Icars still tho name bestowed
,tron It in tho days 0f tho indians. All tic
sides and slopes Ut thu hl arc clothed with pine
trees, and these, looking hack at n distance,
llayc glvun them tllefr npnellation-tic Dlncls
Hills. They ahoul.tl In nsnilntaln-nntcloIr and
lcn1s, which render the territory valuable to tho
Imlials. It IL II ric hunting Erotln.l to them;
hGnre they are rcluctunt to part With #.
The geological portion Of the expedition waa
under the tllarEe Df air. Harvey Newton, who
llas prepared careful surveys for illustration.
The formation WIS found everywhere to be
granite In tts highest points; underlying this
was limestone, IN some PLACES curto,tsly cut by
the artlou OF water; below this agan sa1,tlstonc,
whilu lowest at MI was tho rcd clay, which np-
pears principally in tho wonderful yAluy nbove
mentioned. ........ III.
a iargc number Of photographs were also
takcn hnl tl.csc will copously Illustrate tho
region which, up tn thla time, lns been abst-
utu fcrrtt i,.covtfa, except to thu rowing hands
Hf indians, ul,ll nf lntc, In some s1nnsl lcErcr
to tho hardy miners, who hnyc gonr to these
rocky businesses In soarcl, Of a new Fl Dorado.