davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
Care of Horses.

Dr. VIM. Horne, " s., in a public ad-
dress, says:
In the first place, | am not advocating
any particular breed, but shall speak only
as pertaining to general health, purity and
soundness. Here wish your close atten-
ton.
The physiological law which governs life
should never be lost sight Of for a single mo-
ment, nothing is more certain; nothing is or
can be OF equal Importance to it with the
breeder Of stock. Upon tho observance of
this law rests very materially the fact as to
whether we should have our country largely
over-spread with scrubby, unthriity, unprof.
table aud diseased stock, or become noted
for our close attention, perseverance, and
skill as nation Of stock growers and no
other nation upon earth has better natural
facilities for carrying out to perfection this
manly, health. giving and profitable business.
All our animals, to be healthy, must have
a good house for shelter, plenty of uncontami'
mated, pure air, aud above all the glorious,
the revivifying, lfe-engeDdering sunlight
Without Gods beautiful sun, naught can
possibly thrive or be healthy. Allow me,
If you please, TO impress upon you this fact,
for / assure you much indeed does it con-
Germ your individual interests, as well as the
comfort of your animals. While l so strong
ly recommend sunlight l wish to point to
| two very serious errors in the appointments
Of many of our stables (some Of them costly
onesl.
They are whitewashing, aud placing win
dows in front Of horses, etc. Nothing can
have a worse effect upon the eyesight Of the
horse. Nothing is more annoying to his
nervous system than this garlng whitewash
aud concentrated light directly in front OF
him. All light should, il possible, come
from behind the herso when in the stable
have known some of the most dangerous
shyers cured by changing the light from in
front of the stall and placing it behind. A
preparation far better than the shifting
glaring whitewash is water lime and skim
milk with four ounces of album TO the pail
iul. Ii has a softer shade. does not rub of
lasts five times as long and costs but little
The next point towards perfection is th'
fact that all animals man included, to bC
healthy and pure, must be properly fed an(
wRtered. Bad, malarious water, or waite
rendered impure from whatever cause, shoulC
never be given to our domestic animals, any
more than we would partake of such our
} selves, or give it to our dear, young chill
, dren.
) As you cannot obtain pure water from Al
: impure spring, even 30 you cannot obtai
pure food from impure sources, whether o
, food, water, or disease, especially the latter
|, These last remark, refer chiefly, Of course
to our beef, mu' tn, cheese, butter, milk
: ETC., but are of equal Importance to tn
n horse, with his almost human intelligence
a delicate organism and pronenoss to malarou
o influences. Then l repeat feed wholesom
G food and water all your animals and ieO
n not you will be amply repaid, for be assure
Z Dature never becomes our debtor if We DEF
J, hirly and honestly by her. TOimprovo PEI
Q manently our stock, we must breed from Ii
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
Surface Stirring of the Soil,

Everyone knows by this time that wet soil
is great injury to growing crops And yet
a regular supply of moisture in the soil dur
ing the season, is one Of the most important
objects to accomplish. If soil, especially wet
soil, is left undisturbed, it soon becomes
hard technically it "bakes," and the moist
ure escapes with marvellous rapidity. 1t is,
therefore, an object to keep the surface
loose. Moisture does not escape as rapidly
through loose surface as through compact
solid one.
In pursuit OF this object, however, cultiva-
tors often make great mistake, and much
things. The cutivator is kept running all
summer, the teeth often penetrating several
inches deep, exposing the upturned faces to
the sun, and in this way vast amount Of
moisture evaporates tnat is really needed by
the plants. 1t is of course much better than
to have baked surface; but there is loss
for all, and a loss that might be easily saved
by little thought.
The first stirring in spring should be deep
in order to break up the compact earth, es-
pecialy if the ground was plowed in the
fall but after this the working should be as
shallow as possible. Firm soi-soil crushed
and pressed when dry--holds moisture better
than in any other condition, and is very
different thing to n merely loose soil through
which the external air easily goes, and dries
the moisture out. The more such partially
dried soil is pressed, the iirmer, therefore, ii
becomes, and the more moisture it contains
This is the principle on which the good ef.
fects of the roller depends, and which has
been so often explained in the Telegraph
Rolling and pressing while the soil is some.
what dry is, indeed, the whole science of pul.
verization, the good effects Of which are SC
well-known.
While, therefore, the first stirring should
be done with deep and narrow teeth so as
to penetrate as deeply as possible, all subse
quent workings should be with cultivators
having short and broad teeth, just skimming
the surface and cutting off instead Of tearing
out the weeds and this advice is as good
for the ono who uses the hoe in the garden,
as for him who uses horse cultivator in the
fields.
In any case the hoe should be started ear.
ly. Hoeing and cultivating have now become
among the most laborious Of farm and garden
tasks and if the weeds once get ahead, 1t j:
terribly hard work to keep them down. The
best farmers do not wait for weeds to appear
il they can possibly spare the time from 9th,
or work but put the cultiyator through AZ
soon as the first spring sun cakes little the
exposed earth. The sprouting weeds are
thus destroyed in the. germ, and the work il
comparatively easy all the season afterwards
Spring work is generally so pressing that il
is not often that one can be so iorehanded ii
the matter of early wedding. Happy is thu
man who can DO it; all should aim to get a
near this happiness as possible. German
tOlO1l Telegraph.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

Mr.. james Torbtt of Belfast, ireland, in
a recently published Treatise on the Culti-
walton of the Potato" gives the opinion that
the sexual combination resulting in the
birth of the seed, forms the true and only
starting point in the life Of the individual
that plants prOpagated by their buds are
yearly growing older, aud that the process
of cutting them to pieces and planting them
in the earth cannot therefore be carried out
forever. That the potato when planted in
this way undergoes in series of years, a
change, becoming at last sterile and the
sets will at last fail to germinato aud will
rot when planted in the earth.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

The Boston Journal OF Chemistry reporting
the analysis of ashes of hickory, oak and
beech wood from the hearth of the editor,
gave as a mean result 1883 per cent of
potash and lS.4S per cent OF carbonats of
potash. One hundred pounds held 1885
lbs. Of crude or commercial potash, which,
at cents for potash gives value of sl.6O
per hundred pounds of ashes or 53 cents per
bushel of 81 lbs. of dry ashes. The Jour
nal continues; In the mixture Of raw bone
meal and ashes, recommended by US ten
years ago, we got quite all the valuable con-
stituents of plant food, and at cheaper rates
than in any other mixtures. We have used
this combination for many successive seasons
with most satisfactory results. We conf
IDENTIFY expect that the German potash prod
ucts will before long stop the consumption of
wood ashes in the manufacture of American
potashes, aud this will be happy day for
our agricultural industry, if the products Of
our wood fires are turned in the direction Of
the farm.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
Remedy for Hog Cholera

A writer in the Southern Cultivator re-
ates the following experience which will be
interesting to our readers
Last year lost nearly all my hogs with
hog cholera. My neighbor lost none
scarcely, which led me to believe that he
must possess a sovereign remedy for this evil.
| asked him why he lost no hogs. His re.
ply was that "he kept them clear Of worms
aud stimulated with black pepper" Said
he, 81 first fed them on corn soaked in lye
and copperas, to clear them Of worms; after
wards gave them plenty of black pepper.
Those that were sick got well, aud those
that were well remained so, Of course"
This year have given my hogs an occa-
sonal dose, twice week. of kerosene Oil,
said to be preventive of cholera. Several
Of my neighbors lost nearly all their hogs,
and six weeks ago mine showed signs Of dis.
ease, and concluded to try the "lye and
pepper" | prepared it as follows First,
shell an ear Of corn and soak in strong lye
all night next morning add half a tea
spoonful of pulverized copperas-mix and
feed in trough This was repeated on the
following morning, and half teaspoonful of
black pepper was added. After this | put
teaspoonful of pulverized pepper in the
food, boiled grits, every other morning for a
week.
Result-My hogs stopped dying, all that
ate got we'll, and are as thrifty now as |
could wish The above is the dose for a
single hog, 1t is simple and reliable as a
preventive it can't be beaten, ane have seen
hogs sick, very sick, too, restored to good
health by the use of this remedy
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
Honey Adulteration.

A great deal has been said about the adul-
teratiOn of honey, glucose, etc, but the sub
ject is far from being exhausted. l have
learned to know the article OF late, aud will
give my experience. 1t may serve to put ON
their guard few honest bee keepers and a
few fair dealers.
Glucose is grape sugar, the next relative
to honey, derived from corn in this country,
and principally from potatoes in Germany
and France. Glucose made Of corn is light.
est and made to serve the purpose, 1t is
thin or thicker of consistency of honey, as it
is dry sugar. 1t is bought principally by
dstillers, brewers and honey dealers. So l
am informed by the agent of the manuiac-
tory in st. Louis, Mo-, who lives in this
city and with whom | am well acquainted.
send you sample of the dry grape sugar,
and a small bottle Of the glucose which is
used for the adulteration Of honey. You
will find it Of about the same hickness,
transparency and color as honey; you will
also find that it mixes with honey very
easily. Being of good taste and not having
any particular flavor, it does not spoil the
flavor of the honey, but partakes Of it very
readily. 1t diminishes, however, the acid Of
the honey, At least, so l find it. 1t is o
pity that adulterated honey cannot be told
moro readily, 1t will seriously damage the
honey business, as consumers will become
suspicious. Almost the only safeguard tC
consumers is the reputation Of the dealer
cannot warrant the purity Of my honey
any more if sold by another party, excep
it be in small packages with my name oil
every one.
10 illustrate A friend, druggist, buy
his honey Of me because, as he says, no be
lieyes it to be pure, and-because he want
to do bis own mixing. lie did not boliey,
! that was able to pick out my pure from
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

his mixed honey, and invited me into his
store for trial. went aud picked the
right jar, but, as stated above, | did not
miss the flavor and almost not the transpar.
ency aud color, but merely the acid in the
adulterated honey. His mixture was one
part honey and four parts glucose. Glucose
is worth seven and one-half cents pound in
Cincinnati 1t can be had light, like the
sample l send you, aud of the color of nice
clover honey and any shade darker. Glu-
cose crystallizes with the honey 1t should
be an object of every bee keeper, and ospe-
cally to the editors of every bee journal, to
post everybody in regard to the matter.
Honey should always be sold by its proper
name, and the consumer should be taught to
understand that the quality of honey is de-
teEmined only by the source it is derived
from. | was astonished some time ago by
one Of our prominent (2) brethren who main.
tanned that syrup, after it had passed
through the honey sack of the bee, was as
good honey as any. Our friend gets some
times large crops by mixing few barrels Of
coffee sugar. Next season, suppose, glu-
cose will help him out.-C. +. Muth, IN Bee
Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
-----a. e.p-----------------
Directions for Poultry Breeders.

Hatch your breeding cockerels in April.
Hatch your breeding pullots in June aud
pen them together by Christmas. June
hatched pullets seldom lay till February lst,
and hens seldom recover from their mout
and rest to lay before that time, which you
see enables you to have eggs for Matching in
the one case from pullets in their first vigor
of reproductive life, and from hens the first
egg after a rested and renewed life and the
conditions you see are similar, aud in this
case defy any man to get any better results
from the one than from the other. Use
cockerels from February 1st to May 10th,
and then as fast as the females wish to sit
transfer them to the harem Of your cocks
from which to breed your late May and
June chickens, and if this rule be followed,
| am quite sure that there will be less cry
of weak chicks from pullets.
Early pullets, while they bring fabulous
prices as show birds, are worth far less as
breeders than the june hatched birds, be.
cause February and March hatohed pull
let will commence to lay in September, and
then lay from Eve to six months before their
eggs eau be used for Matching, and COM
mence the breeding season in jaded, tired
condition, and is it to be marveed at that
pulle!s produce weaker chicks than come
from the first thirteen or fourteen eggs laid
by hen after her rest and moult ?-Pou.
| trV Journal
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

FERTILIzERs.-During the farmers whole
business in life the collection Of manure
must of necessity be his leading idea at no
time or season can the enterprisng farmer
lose sight of it, and all his arrangements for
cropping must be conducted with the view Of
its accumulation in increasing quantity year
after year. On wel-arranged and ntelli-
gently managed farm the acreage under the
cereal aud root crops can never be much ex-
tended in any one year; but on no account
should it be diminished, and every effort
should be made to force the crops by lib
eral application of fertilzing substances, so
that there may be, over and above the SELL
ing portion, large residuum, which, remain
ing on the farm, becomes in turn by the de-
composition Of its constituents a prolific
source of sustenance for future crops. 1t
will be noticed by these Introductory remarks
that much stress is laid upon the bulky ma
nure made upon the farm itself as a genuine
fertilizer that, in fact, it is looked upon as
the primary element Of fertility which it re-
ally is, all other substances, be they what
they may occupying but secondary posi-.
tion and contributing only in more or less
indirect manner to the production of crops
and IN sustaining and increasing the natural
and acquired resources Of the soil. Farm
yard manure can never be displaced or i'll
immediate and permanent effects on the sol
be secured by the substitution Of any othel
manurial agent known to modern husbandry
IN. Y. World.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
Feeding Whey or other Fermenting
Food TO Cows.

A correspondent to the Farmers AdvO-
cate says
The very large amount of liquid passing
the udder of COW, makes that liquid an
efficient fux for removing everything from
the blood that is not needed there. There
are great many things which creep into the
blood in some way, which circulate and pass
out with the nutritive elements. The essen
tial oils of plants which give them distinct
i've favor or odor, as Of turnips, onions,
etc. the putrid matter in rotten potatoes,
deeayng grass, or any and every other food
in state Of decomposition, find their way
out of the system through milk. have beer
witnessing striking instance Of this from
feeding tho whey Of cheese factory to The
COWS furnishing milk for the factory. The
whey in the factory was not different frou
that of other factories. 1t was one Of siI
Actories owned or controlled by one man
under whose personal supervision they wOr'
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

Mr.. Justus Dartt of Weathers6eld has
fine flock of grade Merino sheep. They arc
of good size, evidently strong and rugged
with large heeces, free from oil and yolk.
They are the sort that are easily kept and
in good condition with fair chance. Mr.
DARTS practice is to feed at the rate Of ten
quarts of corn and oats, equal parts, to a
hundred. besides what hay they will eat
The flock average to cut six and half
pounds of washed WOOL We never saw a
better lot Of young lambs than his. Mr..
Dartt states that his sheep are the most
profitable stock he can keep, taking into con-
sderaton the question of labor, in spite of
the low price of wool.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

liquid can furnish these elements in equal
purity and efficiency. We have the author.
ity of that most excellent chemist, Johnston,
for saying that water is not merely drink,
but is really part Of the food Of both animal
aud plant, aud DR.. Edward Smith, 10 his
admirable treatise ou Foods, classes water
with milk, cream, tea as a liquid food, and
claiming for it the first and most important
place. As it can be had without money and
without price, Providence having furnished it
as ho has the air, free to all, it is certainly
a great piece of folly not to put forth a
little exortiou, and let it flow to the house
and barn where it can be conveniently dis.
pensed for the health and comfort Of man
and beast.-Alerander Hyde IN the ". Y.
Times.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

At the annual exhibition of the New York
sheep breeders association at Batavia, in an
account of which is given in the American
Rural Home, April last, resolutions we're
adopted, reciting that the present tariff on
wool and woolen goods has been of iucalcu.
liable benefit to the country in increasing the
production Of wool that the present prices
of wool are SO low as to bring the cost of
cloths to the consumer lower than ever be-
fore that any further reduction of the tariff
will werk disastrously to the wool growers
of the country, and lessen the revenues, and
protesting against any change in the existing
law
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
Handling Bees.

To many farmers, bee culture is unpleas-
ant because they do not know how to handle
their bees. How many are there who have
bees but never look at them for fear of get
ting stung2 And how many among the far
mers of America do not keep bees because
they are afraid Of them? We have often
met with persons who, upon hearing Of our
large apiaries would say "Oh, would like
to see your bees, but l am afraid they
would sting me-" Yet, whenever we have
had the COED luck of inducing any of these
timid persons to pay visit to our bees, we
have always succeeded in changing their
opinion on this important part of bee cul.
ture, and they invariably left with the I'M
preston that tanning bees was not such a
hard matter after all.
Some persons think that bees know their
keeper, aud allow themselves to be handled
by him with more facility than by strangers,
This is a mistake. The life of a bee is SO
short and there are so many bees in hive,
that unless they be handled almost every day
most of the bees do not see their owner at
all. If a hive be placed in a much fire..
quented place, however, the bees will be
much tanner than if they be in au out.ot.the-
way corner.
But a hive of bees can be tanned and han.
died at any time, if the thing is properly
done. When bees are scared by blowing
smoke at the entrance to the hive, they fill
themselves with honey, and in this state
they will not sting or get angry, unless
pressed or injured
The best time to open hive is the warm.
est part of the day, when most of the old
bees are out in the fields Timid persons
can use a veil to cover their faces. 1t i;
even good precaution, in large apiary
to wear a veil all the time. The hands
should be naked for gloves are unhandy
and they will hardly ever get stung if til,
bees are carefully and quietly handled
| lInSkn,.it 4 lnt.iclLLtlLrict
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19
WHOLE NO. 2S4.

ADsoRBENTs FOR USE IN THE STABLE
The New England Farmer, in an editorial
on farm buildings, observes that: As new
ideas Of composing were adopted, more
room was needed for storing dry soil to be
used in the stables daily, and 50 another
loanto was called for on the north side Of
the north stable for laying up absorbents.
This has been extended the present spring
the whole length of the barn, and is one Of
the most valuable rooms in the whole build
ing for besides keeping the stable warm in
winter with great bank Of dry sand or saw
dust piled up against its whole length, it
makes it possible to save all the value of
both the solid and the liquid portions Of the
excrements from the stabIe--a saving which,
when compared with the loss, by the still
too common custom Of throwing the manure
out OF a stable window to remain exposed TO
the winds and storms for six months soon
amounts to a sum equal to the expense Of
building a new shed. Indeed, if planning
for new barn now, we should as soon think
Of dispensing with any other room as with
the "loam room,' that is if VIC were located
where it were practicable to get any kind Of
soil or other material for using in the stables
daily as au absorbent.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

TREASURY DEPARTMENT WHTEwAsH.-
The receipt for whitewashing sent out by
the Lighthouse Board Of the Treasury De-
partment has been found by experience to
answer on wood, brick aud stone and corrupt
officials sometimes nearly as well as oil-paint
and is much cheaper. Saks bushel OF
unslaked lime with boiling water, keeping
it covered during the process. Strain IT,
and add peck Of salt, dissolved in warm
water, 8 pounds of ground rice pat in boiling
water and boiled to thin paste ! pound
powderd Spanish whiting and pound OF
clear glue, dissolved in warm water mix
these well together, aud let the mixture
stand several days. Keep the wash thus
prepared in a kettle or portable furnace,
and when used put it on as hot as possible
with either painters or whitowash brushes,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-05-19

Mr.. John I. Norris Of Springfield, Ohio
who is in the habit Of opening correspondence
with farmers in Vermont and elsewhere,
Whose names he sees in newspapers and ag-
ricultural repOrts,) soliciting cOnsignments of
merchandise of any kind, giving what ap-
pear to be unexccptiouable references, is
reported to be scheming rascal, who takes
possession Of goods the moment they arrive,
sells without delay, and whistles softly to
himself when the drafts of the poor farmers
20 to protest. Look out for him.