davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
PREPARED NJ

Young Gentlemen, if you want mic
tyled Paper Collar, call on Skinner and
Bro. 25
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
743 Broadway, New York.

So To s20 per day. Agents wanted.
All classes Of old, make more money at
work for us, in their own localities, dur
ing their spare moments, or all the time,
than at any time else. We offer en-
ployment that will pay handsomely for
every hours work. Full particulars,
terms, &c, sent free. Send us your .ad-
dress ut once. Don't delay. Now is
the time. Don't look for work or busi-
ness elsewhere, until you have learned
what we offer. G.. STINsoN e. Co., Port
and, Maine. v2n40-1y
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
ADVICE GIVEN BY MAIL
FREE OF CHARGE.
AGENTS WANTED.

pE. TooTF is the author o; "MSpIoAL Con-
s-0E SENeE.' q book that rssehed eircUsioa
=; over 25u,G33 c-rrs, ajs', II PLAIN H0ss
TALK." more 5ece.ts %. oii-h-i, 'hich ha- soid
.. r.,- tvtgnt oS 7u0v5 sap'oa also OF " scusrc4
nv srra which So being published in series.
goErESTs TIMES
~ nd. .aesrttuf me first irentioz~d work (which
IS ..t. al .flgtt viii DE fres application
2. e,rlar Or ToorT, the xErFay Eil Publish
llE '-srRsy. whose Office is ia9 EAst 1eth Street.
ss,,it,-b'th men and wonen-~snsed 10 scf
she foryssolug works, to whom liberal profit WIN
he HN,Vad- The beginnings Of 3ssal fortunes
h,yc beeu made ia selling In. Foors's popnlar
works. =" PLAIN Hoax Talk In particularly
adapted SO ADULTS, and scIxEcH ~ sfonT" h
Just the thing Ter the Young. Send for eontsnts
tables aud see ssr yourselves. The former answers
a multitude of questions which lsiies and senNo-
feel delicacy about asking Of their physeiAnA
There is nothing in literature at ~ liks either
of the foregoing works. "scrrFcs IL SroAx"
can only be had Of agents or Of tAs Publishers
"PLAIN II M TALK" Ia published In both y
Eaglish ana German Languages. Once more,
gents VR R1atod.
ADDRESS AS ABOVE
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06

81O u day at home. Agents wanted. Out
PA ~ ht and terms free. TRUE 4 Co., Au-
gusta, Maine.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
Ayers Cathartic Pills.

For all the purposes of Family Physic {:
and for curing Costiveness, Jaundice,
Indigestion, Foul Stomach, Breath,
Headache, Erysipe1as, Rheuma-
tism, Eruptions and Skin Diseases,
Biiousness, Dropsy, Tumors,
Worms, Neuralgia; as Din
ner Pill, for purifying the Blood,
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
stop That NoiseI

And "sit while you're a sitten," an Or
gan OF Piano Of real merit, a. lees ex-
pense than is afforded by verbose, itin-
Grant vendors, who palm oA their
worthless wares 20 the uninitias<d. at
the prices that would afford good Fnsiru-
ments. The real Estey, and Taylor &
Fairly Organs. as we'll ~ the best nskss
Of Pianos sAa BE- had O. GraNow's
prices of ~. c. CcsaAN.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
STATE OF OHIO
Insurance Department,
Columbus, Janury 26. 1874.

WHEREAS, The Farmers Insurance Com
w pany, located at Howard, in the State
OF Ohio, has filed in this office sworn
statement by the proper officers thereof,
showing its condition and business, and has
complied in all respects with the laws of this
State relating to Fire Insurance Companies.
Now, therefore, in pursuance of law, L Viii
liam f. Church, superintendent of Insurance of
the State of Ohio, do hereby certify, that said
Company is authorized to transact its appropri-
ate business OF Fire Insurance in this State in
accordance with law during the current year.
The condition and business of said Company at
the date OF such statement, Dec. 81, 1878, is
shown as follows:
Amount of actual paid up Capital .... 800 900 90
Aggregate am'nt of Available Assets 1S1, ,575 2S
Aggregate amt of Liabilities Except
capitaD including Reinsurance
only, being fifty per cent. of
Premiums on risks not terminated. 45,171 SO
Amount of Income for the preceding
Amount Of Expenditures for the pre-
ding year in cash. 1873 68
NJ. B. Peterman, District Agent,
Millersburgh, Ohio.
NJ. J. Bugh, Local Agent, Junction
City Ohio.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06

Don't forget the place to buy til
cheapest groceries in town.-Dittoe q
HILLS
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06

J. G. Curran is the sole agent in this
part of Ohio for the celebrated Perfect
ed Spectacles," and is now prepared to
suit any age or condition of the human
eye needing glasses. Call and see them.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
WOULD NOT BE WITHOUT
" Il @ Ell II

FOR TEN TIMES ITS COST.
The great benefit L received from the use of
NEGErlNE, induces me to give my testimony in
its favor believe it to be not only of great val
ue for restoring the health, but preventive of
diseases peculiar to the spring and summer sea-
sons.
l would not be withoutit il for ten times its cost
EDWIN TILDEN,
Attorney, and General Agent for Massachusetts,
of the Craftsmen's Life Assurance Company,
No. 49 Sears Building, Boston, Mass.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
VEGETINE
Purifles the Blood and Restores the
Health.
What l.

heaiah.
What IL Varnfipo9
r,;sa oo,,nonn5 a>t,ato Q Q, 80
"a brh It +; NotIo, p. o "ar ~ Ioots,
fmt ~, hrIoss r., ' neniedy. is per-
te,n Ii is nourshin. opd 80 upon Ine sSs
,cts JirnctIv mon tbc bInnd r. !i.e.tLe. II
ms svstsm II Givas xo,' 80 - 4uiels . 'he t ler
night Ii is great paraccs for onr ass5 fatbars
and mothers for it gives them strength nnicts
their nerves, and gives them Natures sweet
sleep, as has been proved by many an sged per-
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06

Choice line Of glass and stone frui
jars at Dittoe & Hulls.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
PROFESSIONAL, sc.
SNOW FORK COAL AND MINING co.
H. c. GREINER, Sec. BROWN, Pre-

Office on North Columbus street,
NTHERE can be seen the plat of Murray
w City, and can 3 so be obtained any need
ed information relative TO the purchase OF lots
In the same. All communications relative to the
purchase of lots in said town, address TO the
President, all other communications address to
the Secretary of the Company.
n. b. A Railroad will be built and running
through Murray City this season, connecting
with the Columbus i Hooking Valley Railroad
at or nezr Nels1nville Now is the time to Sc
cure bargains in town lots.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06
Avoid Cold and Wet Feet.

Brushes, Brushes, Brushes, all kind
at SINNERS new drug store.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1876-10-06

The publishers invite Q ention to the
following list Of some OF The attractive
articles secured for Scribner's Monthly,
FOR the coming year. In the field OF
fiction, besides numerous novelties and
shorter stories there will ne two Remark
ably Serial Stories by American Au-
thors. The first Of these, now complete
in our hands,
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04

once. 1t must not be left until the cam
palgn begins. Now is the time before
ploughing. 1t is said that the work will
cost more than the friends Of the move.
ment can afford to pay This is not true.
Ii every farmer, merchant and each one
that believes in the Greenback cause in
your State and in Indiana, would pay
promptly from fifty cents to one dollar
each for the purpose Of carrying this move
ment on it would be done, and both States
would be successful. They can do it if
they will, and if they do not they are cow
ards, and ought to be slaves Of the monied
power, as they are.
If they would only work as you have
done, not only this State, but the nation
could be carried. Now is the time for
work, and let them 90 to work as they
ought, or acknowledge they are not capa-
bic of defending themselves.
This cause must Be carried on to a sue
cessful conclusion, OF bankruptcy and ruin
will be the fate of the people, and perhaps
revolution.
Ever your friend in the cause,
R. +. TREvELLICK.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
FROM OHIO.
CLEVELAND, Feb. 90.

CLEVELAND, Feb. 90.
To the Editor o. the woRKSaMAS's ADVOCATE
The ADVOCATE, ever full Of food for re-
Election, in it's pointed, pithy editorials,
and varied yet able correspondence, is ever
a welcome guest to myself and my family.
The business Of the Decatur Convention
was gone over with relish and more than
common interest. This step Of the indus
trial classes Of the West is good one and
indicative that the teachings of the past
wears Of the ADVOCATE and its co-workers,
have not been in vain. The seed has fall
len on good ground and be rne fruit equal
10 the expectations Of the most sanguine.
The attendance and the work done at De-
catur. are credit to the State, and tells
plainly by this independent move, that the
hollow promises Of the old parties are 70
be no longer accepted as a blind by the
farmers and the trades. They did well to
stand forward and by their action say,
mo matter to us what the Republican
or the Democratic party may say OF do,
this is what We say and Whit We lciH do.
This is encouraging, and is the best evi-
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
CHICAGO DETROIT AND CINCINNATI SATURDAY MARCH 1875

points with something Of pride to the case
of Marks, Casey and Morton, who, like
Tweed, stole for themselves, poor devils.
If they had only sense enough to steal for
big corporation and share the plunder,
it would have been all right Why our
water and lock companies are stealing
every day of their existence more than
these penitentiary birds ever pocketed.
THE DEPRECIATION OF SILVER
now from to per cent. is creating lots
of trouble i'll California Just now. You
see collectors going round the streets every
day, Juggling great bags of silver coin. If
we did not know the reason it would seem
singular to see Californians making such
asses Of themselves, instead Of adopting a
paper currency. Exchange offices are
thickening on every square; stores give
up their front windows and little corner
70 the money changer. 1t helps to pay
the rent. How much better and cheaper
would 1t be for us to ship our silver abroad
and sell it, and use more convenient cur
Cency in its stead
The interior merchants a complaining
that they are great losers, being compelled
to take silver at par and make their remit
tances at loss, and the cost of transport
alton. The city people are advising them
to add the difference to the price Of their
goods, while the farmers, who are in favor
Of greenbacks for currency, are already
complaining that the merchants profits
are too high, aud are opening Granger
stores, which is what troubles the Pacific
Grocer SO much
There is one consolation in all this
That when things come u the worst they
must mend, and 1T seem that this is the
means that nature provides to raise hu-
manity to higher condition.
U. b. SMITH
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
FROM TENNESSEE.
JACKSON, Tenn, Fet. %.

JACKSON, Tenn, Fet 26.
To the Editor Of the WoREISsNANs ADVOCATE
l reported, some time since, that there
were steps being taken here for the forma-
ton of Greenoack club; but since that
time have failed to discover any progress
whatever by the committee appointed
The appointing of this committee was Just
prior to our city election, and some Of the
committee we're aspirants, and their des-
TIMES having been decided, their enthusi-
asm has ceased. But ! am happy to say
that our Industrial Congress is gradually
taking hold Of the laboring people Of this
town. This is the place where all the
grievances of the laboreI can be discu Issd
without being trammeled, and many are
manifesting great interest in the discus
sions that have taken place, aud it has
been the means of throwing a good deal
of light on many things to which We have
heretofore been strangers. There are too
many trades unions in this country, or
there are too many different ones to ever
accomplish anything, and they all to q
unit exclude politics, the very thing above
all others that should be discussed and
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
NUMBER A.

understood. And the very ignoring Of
this one thing by our trades societies ID
one Of the great causes Of this depression
Of labor at present. Congress, it appears,
is no nearer the settling Of the finance
question now than in the beginning Of the
session but it prefers to open ths wounds
q the war. for the purpose VI diverting
the peoples attention from the real issues
but hope and believe that the masses Of
the North, South, East and West have
buried the hatchet, and are determined
that it shall rest. All hail to the yeo-
manry Of Illinois The principles enun-
ciated rings like true metal May God
crown them with success, is the prayer Of
yours, H.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04

cause ot the poor man, they consider a
valuable contribution, and never tire of
rolling it under their editorial tongues
for to them it is a sweet morsel.
The Labor press is our friend and ad-
wiser. 1t is truly the workingmsn's ad-
vocate-the only power within our grasp
that we can (if we wilD hurl at our enc
mics. Then let us rally to its support,
workingmen,-al of you who want fair
remuneration for your labor, that you may
have the wherewith to feed, clothe, and,
above all, educate your children as BELTS
the children of those whose hands and
brains make the country. Aid tins great
power-the Labor press. Then the thou
sand and one grievances we now have to
complain Of will soon be remedied.
With my best wishes for the WORKING
MANS ADVOCATE, | remain, etc,
Nj. j g.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
Fi0M TRsVELLlCK
DETROIT, Mich, Feb. "a.

DETROIT, Mich, Feb. "a.
To the Editor Of the woRKIxesASs ADVOCATE
returned from Indiana on Saturday.
| was six weeks from home, and spoke
seven times in McDonough county in your
State. Things are moving finely in that
section. ] see by the ADVOCATE the Inde
pendents Of your State have put a full
ticket in nomination, as well as in Indiana
This looks like work, and success will at
tend both, if proper work is done. 1t car
be done if the farmers only do their duty
Greenbsck clubs should be formed il
every township, the work commencing Al
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04

E-tmi.ei u,,o1 -ns b,ss that interest, when due Is
-reIitei ol !, ING, account, Aui Invested Ia INVEST
MESr CEErlFIC lTEs. ah never ,loO is thus accu-
muaa5eL
ANY holder II er'idla.e has the privilege Of ex
aiming th- coma tDn II TIE tru.t any time call
ing the office II the Trl-tee.
{ rtihclJss forwarded ana interest when due, rein
vested. desired or remittel by draft express to
,uy part II the uitej states. Address
SYDNEY MYERS .nager.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
INVESTMENT CERTIFICATES
Perfect Security Liberal Interest.

Fac certificate j. secured by mortgage improved
and productive real estate
TABLE Of increase Of "InVeStmeRt Ger
tifeateS,'' secured on improved Real Estate.
beRriBg Interest. payable IN quarterly In
staIImenIs, at the rate oT $40 per cent.
per anRnM. showing the accumulation OF
sums Invested Eor Ihe beReHt OF ChIIdreH
or Others;
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
VOLUME XI.
CORRESPONDENTS.

We A. rnt holi ourselves responsible for any opno
expressed bN our OurCorrespondents.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04

DEPOSITS of any AMOUNT RECEIVED.
FEMALES, married ur single, and Minors, can depOs-
il money tnat so one else can draw It,
ALL ACCOUNTS STRICTLY PRIVATE AND conf.
DENTAL.
On the hr4t IL January ana July Interest added to
the anoun- then in Bank and will draw interest the
same As the original depusit
SPECIAL ADVANTAGE
Oh-r Il 10 trustees tiutrI,ns. ana others having n
charge Trust Funds slso, So ieties Lodges, lvis
and Associations
Parties living uf the City, send deposits by
Express Bank Draft or postal Money order.
After the great Fire ~ October 2, 1871, our DepOs
pti promptly, and during the panic q ls1S
ne actual necessities 81 an provided fOr, thu
ns one suffered
Toe question m arise Is this Bank a safe DeDosi
tory The answer u Read the list N the Director
aud OIi-er,
DIRECTORS
C u. Muliken, NJ d. Ogden.
n $ Boutnn, REM. Page,
Reid Prindiville. T.. ). Wad-worth,
Paul Andersen. George TAYLOR,
s. Lockwood Brown.
OFFICERS.
ID OGDEN, PREsIDsSr
rs. BOUTON, vtcE-PREsIDsNr
G. n. MULLIkEN. Cashier.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04
6 per Cent.
COMPOUND INTEREST
PAID ON DEPOSITS.

DEPOSITS Of any AMOUNT RECEIVED.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04

On the fret " January and July, Interest Is added
the anpun- then n Bank. and will draw interest Il
same the original deDpsit
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1876-03-04

six Per Cent. Interest Paid
on Deposits.
The Morning herald., 1876-10-14
Tho Recent Go vessti0,s.

DEAR BROTHER WELLS II hayc been
thinking about this thing good deal since
our Convention. You are right-there's
no mistake about that, but then, you know,
a fellow can't give up his party relations so
suddenly. am temperance man strong
enough, but confess l don't like my tenn
perance principles to keep me from giving
a good solid Republican vote, all the time.
Suppose you put "proviso" to that
pledge, and make it read something like
this: "Provided We shall find it expedient
to carry out our principles" That, you
see, would make the pledge an "iron-clad"
with leak in It, or, as the soldiers say,
would leave an open rear for us. Writer'S
upon military matters say it's always safest
to keep the rear open, and thiak we had
better act upon tina. idea. Besides It's con-
venient to have q set of principles that you
can put on or pull off, like coat, accord.
ingly as it is, or is not "expedient" to prac-
tice them. Yours in the faith II not In the
practice.
I. BRLsHAzzAR MANIPuLAToR.
The Morning herald., 1876-10-14
OUerl0adtng HOrses,

EDITOR HERALD drivers of coal and
lumber wagons will please take notice that
overlooking is punishable with fine, and
that one ton is too heavy load for one
horse. We have had many painful cases of
spavinied horses, and some where the cords
Of the leg have been actually broken and the
foot hangs loose. One poor little horse we
saw few days ago in this city, seemed .
complete wreck, so young and yet so strain
ed BY sudden jerks when overloaded that he
could scarcely stand, his legs were in con-
slant Quiver from sprung muecles and
nerves. Some Of our richest coal merchants
are laying up long days of pain for their
faithful horses, as day after day they toll
up hill struggling and straining to keep
foothold. God will not bless the man who
uses His creatures so cruelty.
8. P. G. A.
The Morning herald., 1876-10-14
Our Miniature Poster.

Physicians recommend DR.. Bulls Cough.
Syrup when all other medicines fail, as .
certain cure for Brochitis, Sore Throat, and
Coughs and Colds of long standing. For
sale by all druggists.
Tripe and oysters for lunch tonight, at
Babcocks, corner of Fifth and Orange at Q
O'Clock, sharp.
Hiram Yerger, Harnessmaker and Sad
dler, has large assortment Of Buffalo
Robes, Lap Blankets, ETC., call and exam
inc.
Milne, Sixth and Market, sells good fried
oysters.
No one should miss the lunch tonight, at
the Barnum Hotel, Corner of Filth and
Orange.
Good roast dinners for 25 cents, at Mines
Sixth and Market streets.
Fine lunch tonight, at Fifth and Orange,
Babcock's. Get there early.
DR.. E. Shelp, Dentist, would inform his
friends and patrons that he has returned to
his Office, and will guarantee. them first
class work, done by himself or DR.. Winner.
Have your photographs transformed into
o permanent picture. Nothing nicer out.
The "Chrystal 1vorytye," No. 424 Market
street.
Grand parade. Attention Democrats and
and Republicans. Be ready to parade to .
grand lunch tonight at o'clock, at Chand-
ler's, No. 5 Weot Fifth street.
The Morning herald., 1876-10-14
Minor Locals.

MINOR AOCOUs
Ship your freight to and from Philadel.
phia by Bush'x Freight Line.
A train will run on Sunday next on the
Wilmington & Western Railroad, at the
usual hour, leaving Wilmington at 2o'cpk,
P. M.
To day the Western base ball club play
the closing game Of the season on the
Adams street grounds. They play the Red
Stockings.
A meeting of the Y. NJ. G. A. was held
last evening in the chapel over 18th street
bridge. The services were conducted by j..
Wesley Sullivan, Jr.
This evening in the Washington Engine
house a meeting will be held for the pur-
pose of making arrangements to attend
Delaware Day at the Centennial.
The several Democratic clubs are dissatis-
fled with the caps sent to them, per ex-
press, and by resolutions of the several
clubs have decided that they will not accept
them.
You can get the best screened stove and
egg coal, chestnut, etc., cheaper than any
other yard. Remember the place, Mills &
Combs, Fourth and Spruce and Seventh and
Prne streets.
We are informed that an effort will be
made to resume operations on the "Penin-
sula Advocate" formerly edited by 8. l..
Nichols of this city, at an office 625 Pine
street, Philadelphia.
The Morning herald., 1876-10-14
A Brave Woman

A brawDy arm has the highland lassie.
Jane Gardin, who is nurse in the family Of
Sydcnhsm clergy man, went into the gar
den in the middle Of September to cut flow
ers, and, thinking that she heard footsteps,
returned 10 the house for q candle. She
saw the figure of man crouching on tho
ground, and, fiDging away the candle,
rushed upon the thief. Screaming for help
and seizing biGi by the hair she endeavored
to pin him to the ground, but the man shook
her of, and. after kicking her violently, ran
toward the garden wall. The nurse fol-
lowed him, knocked off his bat, got hold of
his ear aud pulled his nose. The ruffian f.
nally dealt her terrible blow, and by kick
ing her in the ribs, fel]ed her to the ground.
A neighbor, with a pair of dogs, went to the
rescue, but was too late to prevent the es-
cape of the thief.
= Why not import some Of the Scotch girls
and make policewomen of them?
The Morning herald., 1876-10-14
THE TRUE INWARDNESS.
BTeUtt3es on tho Recent CONVSsstiON From
One schO sU0s There-As0thor K0sv IN tn
TAsaS,aensanA lnaean.S a,EA


BTevtttes on tho Recent COwvsntion Eross
One scho svas TheSs-Ass0ther Kosv IN ths
Temperance CaAep.1Sg.EJ
To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD;
The board of control meets. It is run by
Messrs. Israel, Lobdell and Quige. Party
spirit and the spirit of persecution still per-
sues the temperance men. Five new men
are added to the committee. Mr.. Wells
proposes that Rev. A. D. Davis be added,
he being known as one of the most faithful
temperance men In the State. It is voted
down by hessrs Israel, Lobdel and Quigg.
Mr.. Wells requested that he be permitted to
resign in favor of A. D. Davis, Mr.. Simp-
son says no, let me resign. This was not
permitted. The Rev. Mr.. Israel makes the
assertion that Mr.. Davis is entirely without
Influence and one of the most unpopular
men in the State. Mr.. Simpson asks
him how he knows this to be 90. y
A resolution was passed by Messrs. Lob.
dell, Israel and Quigg, saying that the
convention that met in Institute Hall did
not nominate anybody, and that the
convention was called only for local option.
The call will show for itself, and the public
should be particular to read the card
explanatory of the call. Mr.. Lobdel]
requests Mr.. Wells to resign. Mr.. Wells
Immediately resigns, stating that he did not
wish to be where enmity and persecution
existed