The New York herald., 1876-11-30


River Kitinin 10 tho cul: or Bo,hnia, thus
passing through Norwegian, Russian and Finnish
Lapland. Tho greater part oil this journey was
TO be- IN boats vadso, the starting point, mo
10 deg. l5 niil north, aud longitude 80 deg east Inc
fisheries very extensive. ana carried on IN an
original Extensive buildings baye been
erected a small island IN the veranger Bay with
steamers. Atcd for the purpose, tney pursue the
swift and dangerous "nnned whales" lBaidnopfsrd-
rosfrafal which sometimes reach length OF leo feet
Ia she bow q each steamer is cannon swinging
upon an immense steel pivot, from which ourously
shaped harpoou Is nrcd. to which Is attached by
chain long rope. The steamers 20 along the coast,
aud so they catch sight of the game
pursuit, AMI when near enough, discharge tho
harpoon which sometimes has explosive shell al.
tached 10 IT, II the animal Is not immediately killed
the ship Is pulled through tho water al furious rate
until loss OF blood makes the huge succumb
Sometimes however the vessels arc dragged about Tor
hours. Leaving vadso the speaker crossed the bay
and entered the mouth cf the Patts yakki There
before them a broad majestic stream. which is
let OF Lake Enara its length scarce iy miles, hut in
500 500 feet. IN .act, i. seems to be but
chain succession of larger and smaller lakes
connected by waterfalls and rapids. there being no
less than eight OF the former and twenty OF tho
latter These present almost insurmonnabie ditfcul-
ties Tor navigation, ana sometimes hostages oi mc
O more in length would have TO be made, in which
they were compelled 10 drag our boats over fcllcd
trees, or clear way through the brush. At other
times they had pole the rapids, that prog
was slow, and The men, discouraged by tho hard
work, were only prevented from deserving by the
promise OF additional pay and presents II they would
rapids was described IL glowing and picturesque Ian
guage
Upon reaching the newly discovered gold mines of
kulia,a the party secured porters and Immediately
prepared Tor journey over the mountains. These
mines (Which rst opened IN ls1i are in full op.
GRAFTON. and seem 10 be yielding richly They are IN
tho hands Of the Finnish government work being car
ried on only during the two warmest months Of the
year. The speaker saw many bags full o! bright ycl-
low nuggets some OF which were very large. The
whole place has tho character Of busy mining camp
the long runs the cradle on the river bank tho men
w tcEs
that had been dug up while in search o the precious
metal
porations Tho speaker quoted rom newspaper
paragraph asserting that the question Of Polar ex
poration never moro In disfavor than now. Tho
return Of the Alert and discovery has conclusivcly
shown how little OF interest to sccnrV commerce
turen .But this y said tho speaker, 'is falacy
popular opinion. To those who have searched moro
deeply into these qucsons-o those who have entered
the pass and stood on the threshold OF It's mys-
teres-quite different view Is presented Every step
finds us surrounded with objects Of interest We
the workings OF nature OF whose grand forces
wo have scarce a solution 4 new era in tho
history Of our globe VIII dawn when tho revelations
OF knowledge hidden within the vast area Of this YET
aton which this region bears 10 the position oi the
o tho terrestrial sphcroid and IT'S peculiar charac
ter give opportunities Tor observing many phenomena
under singular relations, while the conditions OF tho
earths surface and the valuable hcld OF research Tor
tho geologist bo considered In fact. II 10 but
reasonably should expect rich and unforeseen
discoveries IN science, of which. yet we have
conception Tho lrst great advantage TO commerce.
IN the early history OF Arctic exploration
The result of Henry Hudson's discovcries-that
brave intrepid sailor; was the establishing OF the
whale fisheries Of the extensive trades that
has ourshed, in which large fleets or almost all
nationalitics, were yearly engaged and even now
the Dutch are organizing new expedition to
search for new grounds Immense have been
the revenues collected from this. Close upoa this
followed tho profitable pursuit Of the hunters OF seals
and sea horses. Siberian explorer, named Liaghon,
by observing herd Of reindeer coming from the north
the ice, was induced TO seek land in thai direc
ton and started with scuges the ice, until
upon three large islands, since known New
Siberia tho largest oil which, called kotelnoi lying
76 deg north latitude, Is 100 miles long by 90 miles
broad. Hero Liaghon found immense alluvial deposits
OF remains OF animals, fossil bones wood, &C. not un
like those found along tho whole Arctic coast OF ST.
IBERIA. He obtained from tho government the
elusive right digging Tor the bones Of the mammoth
The deposits great that in year no less
tnan 20 600 pounds Of fossil IVORY gathered To
what reflections these ages gono by lead
us Here that hrgc and wonderful animal, the man.
moth must once have ranged IN perfect freedom over
these irackess wastes OF ice and snow The very
wood tells Of by-gone vegetation now extinct
.Can you," said the speaker in conclusion, "link
together the hurried tnorghs have thus given you,
anu feel that our first question is answered, and
that, practically II is great accession 10 human
that it is most audab!e ambition 10 seek pathway
to the poles OF the carth-in iact duty not TO be
lightly thrust from us As TO the difficulties 10 be en-
countcred In contradiction OF all that may have been
said written, there Is scarcely more OF dan.
ger to beset the mariner in these Polar seas
than Is common 10 all who plough the changciu
decp.' Nor should Imaginary fears mako US unrea-
sonable difficulties weaken our purpose. The
tremc hcathiccss or the Arctic regions fact well
established and 1t has been observed that persons
fering with pulmonary or bronchial affections
cmpt from them while in those lattudes. Oficia sta
tstlcs have shown that, Of almost all seas visited
by government vessels, tho Polar waters have
been the healthest. We would not think unkndly OF
those gloomy theorists who look only upon the dark
OF the picture but say to tnom that with tho
perenco gained by the many preceding failures, with
the advanced methods for scientific Investigations,
with the service of good properly
we need not apprehend insurmountabic difficulties
think It impossible TO penetrate those sotudes,
that may as yes have been disclosed to the eye
of mortal. -
Al the conclusion Of the paper vote of thanks
proposed by Professor Gardner who referred briefly
tho subject Of the paper also to The advantages OF
canal through the Isthmus OF Darien, indicated by
Mr.. Peralta. This terminated the proceedings.