The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1876-09-28

pEli8HrFrL WORK roe sUNNrR wrtrHER
--REn nor GLASS srtRHED Win wruE
nor LABLKs-Bow TmE rRrrTr gLAss
ORNAMENTS ARR aApF.

nor LApLEs-BoW THE rRtrYr GlAs
oKxAHESrs ARR MADE
! The Centennial is the flrsi Information
81 exhibition 10 have a complete glss
mapafsctory ia fall operation. III tH
J country Pennsylvania takes the lead i
the manufacture Of glass, asd of article
made from Il. There Is, perhaps, 40 in
, dustry requiring IS much skin as that o
I making glassware. for the reason that %,
most elaborate, as well as the mosnest
work OF this Kind mus, be executed witt
very few tools Of the simplest patern
and depends almost solely for Ia ercoll
enee upon deIterous muscle aud an cd
ncated eye.
just west Of the saw mill annex OF Ma.
chinery Hall, ia the factory ia question.
The bnllding ID one hundred feet long
aud sixty feet wide, having an annex for.
ty feet square on the southern side. in
proportion 10 its size, no Centennial
building has been more visited than this,
notwithstanding the addition of the heat
from ths fnrnsces to that from Old Sol
In temperate weather, however, the
place is not uncomfortaby hot, except
near the furnace. A "blower' forces q
current Of air through an iron pipe, hay.
ing openings, at which flexible tubes nre
attached. The workmen are essed by
having them directed toward their faces.
The melting furnace is a large eonlcal
brick structure, verging into chimney
nearly eighty feet high. The draft Is not
forced, but comes from an excavation
under the floor, communicating with the
open air on both aides OF the building
10 the furnace are eleven melting pots,
with an aggregate capacity Of abont sixty
gallons, each being against sn "eye" or
opening in the wall. The fuel used Is
bituminous coal, aud tho contents OF the
pots are kept at white heat
Only five or six Of the pots are charged
at time, the others being meanwhile
used for working. The principal mater
itl in the uncolored glass Is pure white
sand, uniform and finer than beach sand
II Is said TO be calcined 6int, bat that Is
uncertain. To act as flux, an alkai, such
AS soda, soda-ash, llharge or lime, j.
combined with the silica, in proportions
varying according to the quality OF glass
required. The glass is colored by the ad-
dition of metals or metallic oxides, ruby
color being produced by the addition of
gold; agreen by the oxides Of iron and
copper blue by cobalt aud an amber
by the oxides of gold. The mixtnre is
sealed In the pots by clay, and il subject
ed 10 an intense heat for forty-eighi
hours, after which it Is ussd, while the
other set of pots 10 changed in like man
ner, the fire being under aud around
them. BY some visitors the operators, Of
which there are about sixty, are regarded
as kind of jugglers, 80 curious aud near
the incredible are the results of many Of /
their operations. The most OF their ge I
ometry 10 10 their eye and muscle, rules, |
squares and such things being almost to-
tally disregsrded. A gatherer, generally /
q boy, dips the end of an iron tube, four [
feet long, into the pot, collects on it
bulb Of the melted glass, and hands the
tube to the blower, who at first must
swell bis cheeks to the greatest extent, TO
start the expansion, after which the inf
ton of the growing bubble is easily etc.
ted. If glass egg is desired be stops
blowing when the bulb is as large as an
egg, puts the tube on a beuch--tbc bulb
being of the edge rolls it, and while
'ioing so, holds the shears-tool having
large triangular arms-near the junction
Of the bulb with the tube, By gentle
pressure he gradually lessons the quani-
ty Of glass forming the union, and this
process also shapes the small end al the
egg. The latter is then broken off, cool
ed, and has its rough end smooihed on a
cutting lathe. In making goblet the
blower alternately initiates the bulb lit.
lie, and rolls II on smooth iron plate,
thus keeping it somewhat cylindrical.
When IL is large cnougb-sliil being
hot--he ticks on the end which Is 10 be
Lhe bottom OF 1t, bulb Of melted glass
and rolls the tube as IN the process Of egg
nskiBg, 10 the meantime iasbiouing The
standard Of the goblet. lie then sticks a
singular bulb on the end Of this, and
forms OF 1t the base by holding a smooth
lat piece Of wood against il while II Is iu
-apid revolution. The goblet is then sep
lrated from the tube by holding q cold
ron against 1t. This causes circle q
,rittes, making breakaRe easy. The /
'ough and supernuous edge is removed I
Eith the shears, after being reheated. If d
he goblet were now allowed 10 cool in i
he open air, II would become extremely 4
'rangible, 1t must be tempered, ike Il
Iteel. This is done in the annesliug oven, 4
! brick structure open at both eBds Ia. +
ierneAth one end Is furnace, Civ ~ n d
In intense heat, which gradually dmin. 4
shes toward the other end about thirty d
eet away, where the oyeD.Ded would b
,ot blister tbe hand. The bed i. Of iron 4
,laies which are moved from tie hot end n
o the cool, carrying on them the glasses c
' hich had been pu, into the oven, bai r
,orne out after period Of from eight 90
wenty-four hours In condition % b. 4
AIKEN In The naked hand. This is blown 5
glassware and il three times as costly ~ /
be pressed or nodded. An article a. !
made has no angles, bat can have sur )
aces ca, npon il by being beld against /