Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1876-07-04
agricultural.


bition at Caen. premium was awarded
70 NJ. Cvrille Pavnel, Of the arrondiSSe-
ment OF Lisieux, IN the department OF
Calvados. NJ. Paynel works an estate OF
100 hectares (4>44 acres IN the valley OF
the lie and the Nlettc, divided INTO seven
farms. sor which he pays an annual rental
OF $4,000 francs. The iarm-buiidnSs
are mostly situated upon the main farm
and disposed in Iarge and nearly square
area The dwelins-houSe = on The east.
anG one OF Is .ar-e apartments at the
north end has been appropriated TO DAIRY
inr. Ii Is aocu, 46 feet long and l. lee.
wide. and Is furnished along the walls 2ud
in the centre with FAC stones laid IN Port
land cement. upou which, each dsy, may
he east $40 chee>e>. The surface 81 these
aacs being Inclined, the whey Is drained
through >ubtcrraneau PlPo> INTO oricA
basins iued with Portland cement, out
side the building The water uSed N
cleansing the fags and pavement i also
promptly drained, and every facility Tor
perfect cleanliness Is secured. y small
car. Invented by NJ. Payne, gives easy
transport to the mi.A vessels. Ia the .aun-
dry adioiniu. the dairy, q portable furnace
furnishes hot water through pipes. Cold
water Is obtained through pipes from
brick basin Containing over zoe gallons
supplied by a pump. To utilize a. much
as ro>S;bIe The surplus heat Of the kitchen
TIRE. small copper chamber, holding
about - gallons, : bull; into the chimney
and connected by pipes with the dairy
Tat dairy roomtormerly barn. : divided
int, our compartments /. the drying
rom proper. in which straw, commonly
used, 5, superseded by hurdles or sleeves, OF
VI Paye.s invention, In which minute orI-
hces through wise gauze give pa>sase to
air for lryiu. :, the drying cellar ., the
finishing cellar, (, the packing and 'ior-
iug cellar.
On the west side OF the area are two
cider presses with e rt>crvoir o. brick for
fruit. containing about 4 heeto.iieES. or
over ~ bushels. Another receptacle has
been lately added . Is 70 accommodate
later fruit ripeniog before the early varl-
cites have been ground into cider. The
frst reservoir i emptied IN time 10 accom-
modate :he lates; ripcniug varieties, AMI
thus the danger Of re,ting : mostly avoid
ed.
On the south i a wagon she'd other
buildings are ranged conveniently around
the area. Behind the whole runs the little
stream Niette. from which the farmer, by
e1cavatin. about 20J cubic meters OF
earth. has secured q >mal. pond, the sur
face Of which i kept az a regular leVe.
by means Of q dam. \ movable covered
wash house. by means OF chains and pull
ieys, Is kept at the surface o: tie pond
The area between the building Is perfectly
leve,ed.
About = hectares .llS56 acres have
been uDie-irainei, with the happiest re
suits; the ilaia pipes vary from three 70
SIX fee; deep, according 10 the depth and
inclination Of the clay >ubstratum the
drains are from - TO loo feet apart, the
intervals beng mostly from 80 10 10 feet
The expense has ranged from 2l5 TO 25p
francs per hectare, or between SO and
80 per acre.
Apple trees for cider, cover > hectares
q nearly = acres. Every four wears the
earth for half a yard around each tree :
dus Up and . c4-t.e-i Of tresa rich earth
deposited During IL wears l.u64 apple
trees have been planted, each one being
placed In a cu5ic metre OF fresh earth
deposited il the trench.
Meadows, properly % called, are not
maintained Oh the estate. AL the grass
lands are paS;ured ~ 70 the first week in
May. when about - hectares l2N5
acres are reserved for moving. aud pro-
iuce about 300 QuinJals ,2g7 tons Of
hay. As the area moved Is shifted each
year,it covers the whole estate every three
VI tour wears. Rich earth from the river
bed 5 every summer scattered over the
SOL Fermelted manure Is also freely
dispensed during autumn, winter and
spring. 4 generous allotment being made 70
the Young apple trees. The manure l.
used IN Its termen;iug stage IN preference
20 Scll-rottei manure, because It Is more
active IN is influence upon the soil, lasts
longer. and by aid OF slight covering OF
>oil, may be made 10 cover three times
y large surface. Furthermore, the
graSs obtained from j, Is Of good quality.
SUcculent, better relished BY mich COWS,
and affords 6 richer quality Of milk.
The livestock maintained on the estate
embraces 10 horses, : mich COWS, and
l. mich cows Of inferior character; As
COWS tattening for butehery, - calves
and heifers. equivalent 10 about l. head
of cattle, 50 beeves and l. hogs; total,
.O4 head. The mich COWS are Of the
Augerone and Cotentine varieties Of the
Norman breed. They are finely formed,
in good condition, and admirably adapted
to the sol upon which they Craze. NJ.
Paynel prefers the first variety, especially
those from the banks Of the TONGUES and
the Dive, two small streams emptying
into the English Channel. Mich COWS
are kept to the number OF 10 OF 30 from
May l 10 September 10, and irOla 20 to
loo the remainder Of the year. The
farmer raises from : 10 20 choice heiters
each year, and two bull calves. The
other calves are sold when eight days old.
In November he purchases 10 or 20 COWS
milks them unit. JuUe, and sends them to
the Nllette market. Thirty beeves OF the