davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

have come long ago. Now that the bubble
Of over-production Of manufactured goods
has burst, and operatives are obliged to sub
nit to one reduction after another, and
driven out of the mills and shops altogether,
there is an opportunity for farmers to regu-
late the wages question il they will. II is
a necessity for farmers. They realize that
"wages must come down." On their own
good sense and discretion depends the whole
issue. We would not have farmers improve
the opportunity offered by the general pros
tratiou to grind the poor labOrer in the dust,
but only to insist on fair and equitable
adjustment Of wages. If farmers will say
that they will pay fifteen or eighteen dollars
per month, or any other sum which may be
reasonable, and no more, they will get all
the help they need. In many sections farm
help is plenty at s17 per month for
seven or eight months from April LIST. A
friend at Fayetteville hired 6rst-rate farm
hand iew.dsys since, for year, for $3.50.
If a few farmers in any town pay $25 or
more per month, oil hands will hold Oh for
the same prices. In the predicameDt that
we are in, the manufacturers would say
down with prices or stop the wheels. The
farmers will probably scold, and pay as high
os ayo-
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Mars4feld, January 81.
For the VERHoST FARHKR.
Fatal Case Of Fever.

Mr. j, D. Walker of this town lost val
liable Jersey heller few days ago Of an
unknown disease. The FIRST symptoms dis
covered were loss of appetite aud a redness
Of the white Of the eyes. The Inflammation
Of the eyes increased until shs became per-
feCtly blind. She trembled violently aHd
discharged yelloWisA matter from the nose
and eyes, breathed heavily, refused all food,
appeared in great distress, and died in four
days alter being discovered sick. She was
in high order when attacked, aud did not
run with larger stock which could iDjure her,
Who will name the disease, and give a rem.
edy? I.R.W
Springfield, February, 1876.
The symptoms mentioned by our cOrre-
spOudent are such, so far as they go, az
would in our opinion indicate brain fever
and it is possible that bleeding might have
saved the animals life, We make no claim
to veterinary knowledge or experience, and
would be glad if any correspondent would
favor the readers Of the FARMER with bet
ter answer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Appreciativs MiSsive from Windham
County.

We were greatly astonished few weeks
since by the announcement in our county pa
pers, that the board Of agriculture was
to meet in our village the following
week. Being an obscure and humble people
we naturally wondered why 50 honorable
u body should visit US, unless, indeed, with
missionary intentions in which case We are
not so inaccessible as some Lenighted regions
already psRstrAtsd by benevolent people.
Being moreover deplorably ignorant Of
the boards method of proceedings, we went
out scarcely knowing what We went forth
to see, Bot our stupidity was soon euligbt-
ened by the prompt way 10 which affairs
re managed, and, after briefer attendance
than we could have wished, We left at the
close greatly pleased with what we had heard
for many reasons. We were glad, for one,
that's many of our towns people we're present
aud that all, aud especially many young
persons amOAg them appeared 50 deeply in'
! tereStsd. Certainly this may be easily AS-
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Product Of Grade Jerseys.

Mr. d. w. Roberts of West Hartford
writes US that he has two 6vs-year-OId cows
6ltsen-sixtseuths Jersey blood, He'ha had
no other COWS on his farm. "Oue OF them
dropped her calf the 29d Of February, 1875,
which l disposed of as soon as the milk was
good, and in just seven weeks from that day
the other one dropped her calf, which was
hsifer, and raised it aud have made 633
pounds of butter and supplied US with milk
and cream. One Of the COWS is to come 10
the 18th Of this month, and the other the
22d Of March. Three in the family all the
time, with the addition Of one more three.
fOurths Of tte time. fed considerable new
milk to lambs 10 April. My feed is two
quarts corn meal and two quarts bran day
while at the barn, and giving milk, with a
few roots and = mixture of hay straw and
cOrufOdder and one quart Of corn meal g
day while at grass, with little fodder-Corr
in the fail. Ny stable is in al old barn
and it freezes all the coolest weather, al
though / have boarded up on the inside an(
tried to make it comfortable"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
The Bradford Meeting of the Board.


The meeting Of the board of agriculture
at Bradford opened in rain storm. Nearly
all day the rain fell, and the streams Of run.
ming water grew deeper, until evening, when
the ice in the streets was covered by wet
blanket of snow aud water, which made
locomOtiOn anything but agreeable and safe.
In spite Of the inclemeucy Of the elements
the farmers turned out in goodly numbers,
and gave the members of the board n warm
greeting, as well as hospitable reception to
their homes. The attendance was not what
it would have been had the weather been
favorable, but was fair through the day, and
good in the evening. On the second day,
when it had cleared off, the farmers ca me
out in crowds, hling the hall and showing
by their presence and the interest which
they manifested, their desire for improve.
ment. There was marked degree OF en-
thusiasm through all the sessions. The dis.
cussions we're lively aud interesting, and We
came away Impressed with the intelligence
of the farmers of Bradford aud vicinity.
The spreading meadows along tho Passum-
psic, the commodious barns and chesri iul
houses, all told of the thrift aud prosperity
Of the people. They all excrted themselves
to make il pleasant for the members Of the
board, aud we came reluctantly away from
our 6rst visit to Bradford, resolved that
when the opportunity offers We would q
there again.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
FOR the VERMONT FARMER.
Milk Cooler for Y. L. O."

Make your pans 2lx42 inches on the top,
Eve inches in depth, with three-fourths inches
fare; make your cooler tho same size With
sides straight; your pan will then set 10
your cooler supported by its rim on the rim
Of the cooler. The space between them will
be three. .iourths of au inch on the bottom,
aud on the sides equal to the fare OF the
pan. At one end Of your cooler put on a
pocket, similar to that Of shaving cup,
with an ori6ce to convey the water into the
cooler; at the other end put on 4 similar
one with the ori6ce close TO the bottom in
the bottom Of this pocket insert one.haIf iuch
rubber hose five inches 10 length, and in this
hose insert q tin or wooden tube that will
easily slide up or down to gauge tho depth
OF wafer in the cooler. We like wooden
tubes, using two sets, one four.inch for iull
pan, and one tWo-inch for part full. We
have used such cooler four years, and find
them equal to any of the patent pans. The
coolers will cost about the same as a sap pan
Of the same size. They should have a good
coat of paint and set on a table. You can
get couplings with rubber stsPples to carry
of the sour milk il you like.
l.. w. PITKIS.
Mars4fsld, January 81.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

Improved Stock at Bradford.

Mr. Jonathan johnson, at whose pleasant
village farm home We found hospitabe
welcome. has little herd Of milking Short
horns, which he has been breeding for several
years. Good sized, roOmy COWS, straight
aud clean, we'll developed in useful points.
Mr. johnson has some fine specimens Of the
horse, Of which he raises good ones A
Woodburn Pilot three.year-old mare is a
clean built, trappy colt, but rather small.
Also pair Of mares, brown aud bay, the
latter of which filed our eye. She is by the
celebrated 'English Hunter" IA cross of the
pure bred English Hunter with the best
Morgan biOOd), owned by r. q. johnson,
and shows the valuable qualities of both
those splendid races, having the size, style,
spirit, action, dOcility, and power Of the
Morgan. A full sister Of "English Hunter"
with fosl at her side, showed in the yard
ine style and action.
Mr. r. g. johnson gave US sleigh ride
behind Hunter fast asws care to 20 to the
farm of Mr. NJ. II. Chamberlain, whose herd
of Shorthorns show very plainly that there
is no inconsistency between beef qualities,
style, and dairy qualities. Three fuil-blood
Shorthorn cows made last season, with moth
ing but pasture in summer. nine hundred
pounds Of butter.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Fat Sheep for Heavy Fleece.

A writer in the Country Gentleman says
There is much said about ewes being too
fat to breed well. In my experience Of
twenty years | have never seen anything
that led me to think so, providing the flesh
was put on with good pasture during the
summer, and few roots with good hay dur
ing the winter. The fatter sheep become
under such circumstances the more value |
consider them. There IS no time in the year
when it pays better to feed small allowance
of grain daily than 10 the fall after the feed
gets frozen, aud it is not necessary to bring
the flock to the barn. 1t is an old saying
that "sheep we'll Novembsred are haltwin-
tered" Keep the ewes fat, aud the lambs
will be fat aud the Aeeces heavy. | do not
say that it is better to have the lambs come
early or late, but do say that it is best
to have them fat but whether early or late
they are saleabe. All ewes that with good
care will not raise lamb and shear teur
pounds of washed wool should be sold. l
have them in my flock that will shear nine
pounds aud raise pair Of twins, and 1t costs
me no more TO keep one than u sheep that
shears three pounds. l think that no one
will hear the man who keeps his flock Ia this
way complaininiug because his sheep are all
run out" aud do not pay him, and che like.
Ticks must be kept out Of the flock; they
are the worst enemies Of the sheep. If they
ara not killed. they will destroy the sheep.
For killing them have tried nothing better
| than tobacco Juice.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Mania for Special Crops.

In one respect, whatever may be said Of
us in regard to other thugs, we, as a farm.
ing class, lead those of all other countries IN
taking risks This is particularly true con.
cerning US in the matter Of going into the
raising of special crops, which we do with
characteristic energy, regardless Of the con-
sequences to ourselves and others. In this
respect, we, as people, stand uBrivaled.
For year or two we try wool growing; then
hogs and corn; then fax raising; then castor
bean culture and now there seems to be an
irresistible desire to grow broom corn
enough during the coming season to overstock
the market, aud make clean sweep of the
entire profits Of the seasons work.
This mania for special crops is in reality
a drawback upon our permanent prosperity.
A mixed system of husbandry is better. By
it we can, as a rule, obtain better prices
for our crops, such as will give margin of
profit, or will at least approximate more
closely to the cost of production. In raising
special crops, high prices are exacted for
labor. because such crops must be cultivated
and harvested when labor is high and diff
cult to obtain. Mixed husbandry will pay
best, take it one year with another, and with
this there will or should be proper rota-
tien of crops suited to the soil aud locality.
The farmer who neglects to SOW clover
and grass, thinking that his rich prairie soil
cannot be exhausted, and grows successively
for years this or that crop, and returns no
! fertilizing materials to the soil-will soon
find that he too has killed the goose which
laid the golden egg. We have been led to
make these remarks by repeated inquiries in
regard to the best methods of growing, har-
yesting aud marketing broom corn. We be-
lieve that we are safe in saying that, owing
to the high price which broom corn COM
manded previous to harvesting the crop Of
1875, many will engage In its production
the coming season, with loss to themselves.
The safest plan is to grow variety of crops,
especially those that are uniformly profitable
during period of ten years or more. Let
those who have money to spare, engage in
the raising of special crops but the major
ity of farmers throughout the country know
by experience that a variety of crops consti.
tute the surest source of income.-Colman'S
| Rnral World
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Roots for Sheep in Winter.


DR. Boynton gives in the Watchman tho
following sensible advice on feeding turnips;
The fact which should decide what use
should be made Of turnips iu winter feeding,
is not how many pounds of turnlps are equal
to one hundred pounds of hay, and what is
the relative cost of their production; but it
is this stock does better with than without
them therefore feed them. Turnips furnish
much that the animal gains by direct contact
with the soil in summer, aud which meets
necessity of the animal organization, that
dry food alone fails to supply. How much
good given amount of turnips viii do an
animal Is not TO be determined by the amount
of nutriment the chemist may find in them,
but by the noticeable fact that flock will
thrive better on less amount of hay aud
grain where daily ration Of turnips is fed
The amount to be fed, each man will regu-
late according to circumstances. A bushel
per day to seventy-6ve sheep, is a fair allow.
ance, and may be increased to advantage,
especially with breeding ewes, as they ap-
proach their yeaning time. Having been
cut, they should be put into a trough, aud
the daily allowance Of meal for the flock
spriukled upon them, and both will be eaten
with greater relish than if fed alone.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Are Large Hogs ProAtablei

The Live Stock Journal takes up this
question as follows:
The question is not an unusual one, and is
Of such a character that it cannot be an-
sWered by a direct "yes' or "no." A very
large number Of hogs are marketed during
the summer, aud quite number are cut up
by butchers aud sold green from the block.
In the case OF hogs cut up by butchers we
would say that hogs not exeessivel y fat
would command the highest price, and per-
haps small hogs ought to be preferred
small hogs excessively fatted, however we
should think likely to be regarded with less
favor than larger ones only moderately
iattened. In the case Of hogs cut during
the summer time in the regular packing
houses, we believe hogs OF moderate weights
would be preferred to hogs Of extremely
heavy wsigAts, because, ii Tor no other Tsa'
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
WHOLE NO. 272.

son, the carcasses can be cooled more thor.
oughly, with less liability to loss from
souring. Besides, in sending hogs to market
in summer when the weather is ordinarily
warm, there can be no question that hogs
only moderately fat can be shipped with
greater safety than animals excessively fat
So far as markets are concerned, we do not
see that there is any particular preference
shown for one kind of hogs over the other.
Our correspondent should be able to answer
Tor himself as TO whether he can produce one
with greater economy than the other He
will doubtless find, whether he makes spe.
cialty Of large hogs or small ones, that the
most satisfactory returns will not be found
in attempting to bring either to the utmost
weight of which they are capable of attain.
ing. When the animal is growing it will
give larger increase in weight 10 proportion
to the food consumed. As the animal in.
creases in fatness the expense of putting on
additional pounds is greatly increased. The
cheapest pound is the first pound the cheap
est one hundred pounds is the first one hun
dred pounds, while the dearest every time is
the last. II the farmer has a given guam
tity Of corn which he desires to feed to hogs
within given time, he will fnd more profit
in increasing the number of swine than in
endeavOring to bring few animals to
great weight. II a hog will make good
return when fed to 400 pounds, he will do
much better if fed only to 300 or $50, and
an experiment may show that the last so
pounds, and perhaps the last 100, is put out
at loss. The feeding OF swine is quite a
problem, and We trust large number of our
readers will take the trouble to observe the
progress they make (weighiug often) under
these different systems, and give US the
raanlf
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Comfort of Farm Stock.

A writer in the Country Gentleman makes
the following timely suggestion; Some ten
years ago, in December, l devoted half
days work, So, to Tightening up a stable for
five COWS, so that no manure trOze in it af-
terwards, aud Instead Of having less milk
every cold snap and more every thaw, it was
more right along, in milk, comfort in milking,
cleaning the stable, health Of cows and thrift
of calves, and only less in amount Of feed
required. One small Ayrshire coming in
just then didut vary 8 pounds from 80
pounds OF milk per day, aud 10 pounds Of
butter per week, for five months. Publish.
ing my experience in the New England Far.
mer led others to 60 and do likewise, and
some years after, one correspondent said that
one item was worth more to him than the
cost of the paper-and so gave the ball an'
other push, as all should do. found that
with a pro perly constructed stable, the ami.
NAL heat from COW will keep space five
times her size above freezing temperature,
and still allow good ventilation about her
head, regulated at pleasure by an adjustable
door in front. The winter profit Of dairies
NAV be increased third, 10 saving Of caloric
aud food, aud increased milk aud calf prod
uct, by remembering that kind man is kind
to his beasts, aud that disregardiug their
comfort costs more"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

T. l.. Harrison, secretary Of tho New
York state agricultural soceity, himself a
breeder of Shorthorn cattle, says the largely
increasing demand for improved stock, has
in the last four years ia the judgment Of
many prudent men, grown too rapidly to
have q substantial basis. The same author
ity states that the introduction of Shorthorn
cattle in the Western states has enabled the
prairie farmer to send to the Eastern mar
ksts three -year-Old steers weighing 1900
lbs. at less cost of rearing than fOur-year-
old steers Of common stock weighing 1900
H.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Wages on the Farm.

The problem of wages Of farm help is
deserving of especial study aud action at the
present time. That the prices Of farm help
have bseu disPrOPOrtiOnstely high for few
years, is beyond the hardhOOd of the most
brazen faced "hired man" to deny. With
farm products dropping steadily, bat surely,
labor has commanded war prices. The in-
aatsd condition of manufacturing which has
absorbed the help, and paid wages which are
apparently higher than those Of the faru,
has prevented the reaction which should
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

B. J. Stone of WestbOro, Mass, states
that after five years of feeding steamed food
he is satisfied that he cannot afford to feed
cattle on dry food, The average cost per
head of keeping II cows, 2 two-year-Olds
and 16 yearlings on steamed food is only a
fraction over II cents per head. lie mixes
in the following proportion: $50 lbs corn
fodder and straw at $40 per ton, 90 lbs cob
meal aud shorts, As lbs shorts fed in hay
tea, and 100 of dry hay, and his cows give
as much on this fOed as on dry hay
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

The consumption Of eggs is on the in
crease. The raising of poultry and winter
supply of eggs deserve more attention from
farmers. 1t is conceded by those who have
given the matter thorough trial. that no farm
product pays better for capital and labor
than the production of poultry and eggs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

1t is said that native rubber, which can
be procured at most large rubber stores, cut
into 6ne shreds and dissolved in ten times
its bulk Of benzine free from oil, will form a
paste Of the consistency of honey, which will
unite rubber or leather boots with exceeding
6rmnes. Put on three coats. It will be
muddy bye and bye, boys.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

President Wilder has long been of the
opinion that the only method which we can
adopt with any degree of certainty for the
acquisition of improved fruit aud vegetables
is the production of new kinds from seed,
from varieties which have been cross impreg.
mated BY the winds or insects or by hybrid
ization by the hand of man.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

A subscriber at Pomirst writes in regard
to lame hogs. He says he had one was
advised to get it out upon the ground and
give it little bIoodroot grated in its food
twice week. He did so and it was cured.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

The American Rural Home says that
farmers in western New York would 6ud it
to their interest to discontinue wheat grow
ing for the market where the yield is less
than twenty bushels per acre, as is the case
on many farms.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

Professor Gray says that "mOst of our
esteemed and important fruits have not 40
much been given to man as made by him,
and mans work in this respect is to direct
the course and tendency Of nature, A
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

A. w. Cbeever says that more feed can
be produced on one acre Of pasture with ten
varieties of grass than on ten acres with one
Variekv
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

The winter in California is exceptionally
severe in temperature, and the Dragging on
their climate is at a discount.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

A factory has been started in Penusyl-
vauia for the manufacture Of wooden shoes,
for farmers land others).
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

Thus talks an old farmer about his boys
From sixteen to twenty, they knew more
than did; at twenty-five, they knew as
much at thirty, they we're willing to hear
what had to say; at thrty-6ve, they asked
my advice aud think when they get TO be
forty. they will acknowledge that the old man
does know something. ....
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25

Some men keep savage dogs around their
houses, 50 that the hungry poor who stop to
"get bite" may get ii outside the door.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-02-25
Metmaat Iatattt
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY BY
ROYAL CUMMINGS,
-A y a Asr. JoIsNsBURY, VIZ. q j AA
c, HORACE HUBBARD, Agricultural Ed'r,

Communication for the Agricultural Department should
be addressed the Agricultural Editor at Springfield, VT