The New York herald., 1876-08-18

effects Of static induction and on the 18th Of January
isoo IN paper communicated "a the Physical Society
OF Berlin, Dr. siemcns stated that an under
ground wire, covered with gutta peroha and
surrounded by ths moisture OF the EARTH behaved like
telegraph wires churged themselves though in muci
smaller degree than tho underground wires These
lsc,s anu the correctness of Dr. seens explanasIos
OF them have been abunianty aud repeatedly verified
bv Ito experience OF teeeraphss ali countries from
that day to this The effect overground lines 10
comparatively very small, and with tho ordinary
Morse Instruments worked at the usual speed s no.
seriously felt on lcngth OF line not exceeding 800
miles When, however, the line Is extended beyond
this limit or If on shorter length the speed or u
other words the number OF electrical pulls ,tons per
minute Is greatly augmented ana the WORKING of tho
apparatus will be materially affected Thus il Is prac-
ticabe as above stated 70 work tho ordinary Morse
apparatus at inc usual rate OF speed over line 500
miles IN length, but the House printing telegraph,
which Is sIepby instrument sending pulsations
rapidly can DO worked less than ouehan that distance
of the ssmc size When this instrument
In commercial lines from 1S49 TO 1861, it
found very difficult TO work IL direct between
Now York and Boston, distance of 24O miles,
but it worked IN two sections, from New York
Springfield and from Springfield 10 Boston, with
tive effect Tho average just about nifty times a.
great underground as On an overground line Of
the same length. ana We allow 2tO mlcs as The limit
OF working stcp-by-step instrument ut commercial
speed aerial line, We should undoubtedly hnd
tour ivc miles TO be The utmost limit OF distance at
which could accomplish tho samo result an
underground line The nductivo effect Is mauifested
in all telegraph which surrounded by in
sulatlng substance outside OF which again IL u con-
ductor, and the more perfect the Insulation and tho
closer the proximity OF the outside conductor the
marked the erccts Thus in an ordinary limo, sus
pended poles the air Is tho insulaor surrounding
the wire and The earth trees, buildings &C., the con-
ductor outside the insulator. But these beng many
feet distant from tho conductor the elect is very
slight When tho is coated with an insulating
substance aud buried In pipes or IN moist
earth, or SUBMERGED IN "aIer inc OUTSIDE
1t Is evident why the nduclive elect Is Increased fifty
fod on given length of wire, as experience proves
that II actually The difficulties incident 10 work.
ing lines having large static capacity may be ,r.
TALLY overcome by the use OF Instruments especially
adapted to the purpose. In 1885, when the under-
ground lines werc completed between London ana Liv-
erpoo the owners this country Tor some House
printing instruments, which successfully WORKED
the lines between Now York and Washington and
elsewhere, and operators to work them They were,
however, unable TO get cttcr on them through the
underground wires, and the company was compelled
TO abandon the OF the House instruments and en-.
ploy the needle instruments instead In London
the stepbyscp instruments ior private teesraphing,
analogous construction to the private line Instruments
SO generally used in New York. are all worked
on overground lines. There Is not rod or under
ground WIRE used for the purpose in Europe and un-
foreground limos would be totally unsuitable Tor the pur-
pose The expensive system OF local and metropolitan
tecgraphs for reporting stock and market quotations.,
which has been long in operation In the leading
AmercaL cities, ls entrcIy unknown on the Continent
of kuropo aud but little rsed in London Much OF tho
traffic which performed In all cities the
carried in the leading European cities by
matte tubes London alone having thirty them con-
Meeting with the central telegraph station ln Paris
twelve Of the principal stations the busiest portion
OF the city, are connected with the central telegraph
station by pneumatic tube, in which train vi car
riers makes the circuit OF all stations once In
hour and the messages which have accumulated
during that time tho central station,
whence they are transmitted by telegraph The Lon
don system much bettor, each OF the principal
metropolitan stations has its tube and much of
the delay OF the French system is avoiacd. Expe-
shows the underground ystom OF teegraphing
lines to be very mucn inferior 10 overground lines
everywhere aud they nowhere used except In the
Of the short experimental line between Liverpool
and Manchcster) whore overland lines be built.
They could not be introduced IN this country without
changing the system OF teegraphing now employed for
less rapid and moro expensive system, and this
change would involve the abandonment OF the entire
system OF stock and market reporting printing instru-
ments, which ore now popular, and apparently so
indispensable part of our commercial lie."
THE ROTTEN POLES TO BE CUr DOWN. BE-
GINNING MADE by THE POLICE BOARD.
By order of tho Board of Police tho captains Of au