The Vancouver independent. (Vancouver, W.T. [Wash.]) 1875-1910, 1876-01-22
Educating Horses.


dren, and can be as easily damaged or
ruined by bad management. We be-
lieve that the great difference found in
horses rs to vicious habits or reliability
comes more from the different manage
ment Of men than from variance of
natural disposition in the animals.
Horses with high metal are more easily
educated than those of less or dull
spirits and are more susceptible to i'll
training, and consequently may be good
or bad, according to the education they
receive.
Horses with dull spirits are not by
any means proof against bad manage
ment. for in them may often he found
the most provoking obstinacy
habits of different characters that render
them almost entirely worthless. Could
the coming generations of horses in this
country be kept from their days of
colthood to the age of five years in the
hands of good, careful managers, there
would he seen II vast difference in the
general characters of the noble animals.
If colt is never allowed to get an adj
vantage, it will never know that it pos
sesses power that man cannot control;
and if made familiar with strange OBJ
jects, it will not be skittish and nervous.
Ii a horse is made accustomed from his
early days to have objects hit him on
the heels, back and hips, he will pay no
attention to the giving ont of harness
OF of Il wagon running against him at
an unexpected moment.
We once saw an aged lady drive a
high-spirited horse, attached to a car
riage. down Il steep hill, with no hold
back straps upon the harness, and she
assured us that there was no danger.
for her son accustomed his horses to all
| kinds of usage and sights that com
monty drive the animals into frenzy
of fear and excitement.
a gun can be fired from the back of a
horse, an umbrella held over his head,
buffalo robe thrown over his back Il
railroad engine pass close by, his heels
! bumped with sticks, and the animal
take it all as natural condition of
/ things. if only taught by careful man
agement that he will not be injured
thereby. There is great need of i'm
provement i'll the management of this
noble animal; less beating wanted and
more education.
How TO Sow SMALL SEED. --Thc RE
raj CO0hniW says: "Novices in flori
culture make frequent failures with
minute seeds, like those of the lobelia
mimulus and the calceolara, and even
experienced florists do not always sue
coed with every sowing IA such seeds
are very delicate and gcrminate only
under the most favorable conditions.
Have the soil in the pot, pan or box-a
shallow box is best-composed of leaf
mold and clean sand, two parts Of the
! former to one of the latter, siftcd. or
otherwise made very fine. Make the
surface even and smooth, AMI press
slightly: then sprinkle it by holding IL
wet brush over il and drawing the hand
across the bristles 50 as to throw fine
spray upon the soil. On this prepared
surface SOW the seed. and scatter over it
clean sand. Now cover the pot or box
with pane of glass. and keep it in the
shade. Watering. when necessary, with
the spray from brush as before di
rectea. The soil must not he permitted
to get dry, nor must it ever be dolugcd
with water. If the seeds he sown. as is
generally the case, on Il loose surface.
and then watcrcd with wateringpot,
they are mostly carried down with the
water SO deep into the soil that it is i'm
possible for them to gcrminate.'
WHEAT Growing MAx1Ns.- Some
body has been at the trouble of conlcns-
ing a great deal of information about
wheat growing. as follows. into very
small compass, and somebody has set it
aiioat without creliting il to the author:
/ First-The best soil for wheat is a rich
clay loan. Sccond-Whcat likes good.
deep, soft bed. Third Clover turned
under makes just such Il bed. Fourth
The best seed is heavy. oily. plump and
clean. Fifth-About two inches is the
best depth for sowing the seed. Sixth
The drill puts in the seed better and
cheaper than broadcasting. Seventh
From the middle of September to the
last of October is the best time for SOW
ing. Eighth-If drilled. one bushel of
seed to the acre; if sown broadcast,
two bushels. Ninth-One heavy rolling
after sowing does much good. Tenth
For flour, cut when the grain begins to
harden; for seed, not until it is hard
ened.
POULTRY RAISING IN CITIEs-There
are numerous persons residing in cities
who desire to keep poultry, but think
they cannot do so in confined quarters.
No doubt great many sigh for the
advantages the country offers; still, it
is not impossible to raise poultry sue
cessfully in cities, even in confined
quarters. Some of the yards attached
to the city residences are well adapted to
poultry raising, but even in the smaller
yards it is practicable. The chief
things to remember are-first, no over
crowding; secondly, keep only those