, 1876-06-24


.--
pNOr, wyyILLE THOMPSON.
The Challenger In, returned h, Euronc from
"a. .n,aan,,,t i,,,f ,.,ars, n,,,.u ni ,,u. ,,,,
~ 80, ~. ~. ~" ,. ~
At sheeE''css IN tic very srnL *l'c !cft tnwafas
the cl.sc Ut the ycar 1877 for 'Ier trip aroitnl
the World Tic Dlrcctor Of her civilian staft of
*nrcIali,ta in Nntura1 tIl,tory nni Chemistry
",.',t .w,,,t,.'. ,ri,,,s,, ,t .,e.,. .,,,.,r'
VIVA ~. ~ wv n""E'",' "'', ~! 'iH"''
Timely Na1aFf furnishes ~ ,tA eo'u",ns o'o.
slcnrc. fr,,u, which nrr taltcn tic following de-.
t,s,..
'"rS' ,,,.,,,,, r,,r,,..n ,,,. ho,, T., Ill.,
Chasles "Sv!''c nomrm'" % wa was morn III L''-
ltthgowshirr, Atarch +, 1s'}0. Ills father was
surgeon In the service Of shu East tn,lla Cam.
IT, ra,. vnors ~ Inn ann ,vcrc n,s.ctl IN F,tn,
.he curry 5e'a " wy ,1 ~ ., "s'I ~. ="
burg ~ tho nge III ia' tae 10y ie!t school,
| a,ll entered tho Mc1ltcal Department Of
tho Elinburr University. Five years
1n,cr. hfs hcnlth dc,nntu!{no a rc,nttr
s., 49," ao,,n.. .,,au ho hnt, t,n,,,,od ,,,,,,,
Io .''I L., so'ee ns ~. ~ , on I,otu .pm
tn Kings Cn!irss, aberdeen; a yeat later,
leIng then but u, hc was appointgH Lecturer IN
thc SAME subject 1T Alar!sennl M toa'cgo antl uni
vers!ty. ~ August, lhs, AT Ihol'lpsfntii wns
eleGtcs! to ing saenilt Cnnf OK Nntnral itlhtofy
In the Queens tolese, CnrK anu al!o FOLLOWING ~! WY
year RESUMED IT, that he might nccent the Prt-
fe*'ortl'fn "f Mtns5a!oEy a'"i Zoology In tue
tl9ecn's tnllegu ~ l'titaSt. r.
| DurlnZ ing yeArs now ensuing, rs0t. 1,ft. lnomp-
| son sas !!itiEent "orksr,-'h aeluit'on 20 t!ie
regular duties nl ~ H'sitloi,'-cxcT5ln? n'aeni[
to build ~ tian Mnaei'tn @ 81 , lo Go,tege VII VIII
lseation manifold papers on zoongeal subjects.
u wns ut tht' til,'e ttnt nc hss stlllcs ~
tho group "t EGilslth!es,as Wiilei' were pursued
htii he !iiu Eheste'i Luz "tnscsn' H. ~ .hla
grap. IIis investsatlos mo tiM l.as-,ii,story
u ny Genus Ic'iiicr'naFo were especially PIT
s!stcnt, resulting ln ttHny nc" anu ihpuft"t't
discoveries:
Up to this period, the theory hal prevailed
helow y certain depth nf the sen, A~s'r.linE t"
Edward Forbes, thrsn wcro fixed zones 81 life,
wl''rlf were o. follows, First, the l4ittt'ral
"w @ ze % wstsi ssc
.scptll Of ti t;,tnms third, the Cornllinp ZONE,
from the 15-fnthon llNo to n. 'lri't1 IT 5'
fatho'ns; antl fourth, tho IONS nt acer,een 60
zonc to IN unknown 1uwcr li.n!t-n It wus sup.
posed tl,at tic Inhabitants of the lower xouo be-
cams gradually lever III proportion TO Its depth,
Until they Disappeared altogether.
fetsor of Znology III tho University of Christi
mia drew ,lp kevrrnl specimens of now CrI-
noid, Wills dredging In watcr about 100 feet
deep lie continual to in,l lifu mt even eEcnt-
Of u sIanl1ar nature, lea to Il c!,ange Of
l,ellcf with rrgarl u tho cxfktcucc
of fife Mt nl depths Of t1,c scn. Prof. IInump-
kpi1 yBltetl ChrsSttanl2, ny tic inSlt1toh0 IrDf.
SaFH, to Inspect tho new Crino!l; mud together
tlu two nntlrallsts .lccklnsl tint It ,sns de-
grnl.cll form Of long lust fn,n!1y, tho dlao-
crit1tc wirlI Ind boon preserved from tho great
Chalk ep,yl,. "
III 1A}7, Prof. Tiompann actol ~ Vice-presl-
,icnt nf tic Jury on Raw Products at tlle rarH
Exposition. Tic following year Dr.. Carpcntcr
un}tcl with lin, In the st,itiy Of tho Crinnt,ls
and ttcn tho Professor advanced tho ftlca that The
sen-bottosn was tls most fruitful rcglon nov
left fur tho researches Of the naturalist and
that thtR was tho Held to which attention should,
} without lass Of time, bo directed, ae!1ing upo1,
tho suggestion, nE. Carpenter obtals'!tl ea1rt!nr
fur tho llsc Df Government vessel In tic rur
suit Of surli Investigations. III A,lgust, 1SG3
the surveying ship Lightning was dispatched on
dredging crnt5o III thu Noftl At'
lnntte OtTn'', whle!l !aste't nht' Lie close
IT Suptcnll'ar. In 1850, tho Bnrrcy!ng-vcSae
porcuplnc was employed, by ct'nsont Of tl'c
Guyer!,'nent, for Thy Same purpose, from alay
until Scttanahcr. The cTntse Wns this sc:.sn'
prosecuted at fst by Mr.. Gwyn let1sles, o!s thr
wcst roust of Iceland; then In the Buy of Biz
ray, ny l'rul. 1!Io1l.nsoI; anu iastly, on tht
ground traysFsed M ~ thg Lightning IN tue ysa'