, 1876-03-04
GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH.
Lnst Tcnrsx' 'Expl0rnt10uA-Ahl ny
CAfef-justicp DAILY noforc thu AnacFt-
Gan ErQErQp1tACQl SuciQkY.


Tho annual meeting of tho American Coo
Rraphica. Society took place laat ercnIny. Tho
Troaidcnt, Ch!of-Justico DAILY. delivered h1s au4
nual addrcBa. 11o commenced br eulogizlng the
thclr activity Of geographical research. even in
century madc famous BY suci nctiyttT. Bhow-
inE how III tho past history Of tho science periods
of progress had boon followed by periods Of
lanGour, and eTen ataEaasion, hc stetohed rap
idly tho tovisal Of interest in this our own
planet. IIG illuatrated this by tho Royal
biographical Society Of London Which, formed
IN 1885, could scarcely be said to havo developed
my married utility until the election OF Sir Rod
ctlok MurchiHon In 1943. Tint great mnn. though
hitherto known only nB m ardent geo!oRlBt. had
thrown all the greatueas OF his powers into the
poAtion ho htl been chilled to occupy, and In hia
first annunl addresa bad surveyed With elaborate
and exhaustive research tho Status Of geographic
icas knowlodEe. and. with 1norring persptcultv,
Lad pointad out that the placsB 10 wlicn tuyestt-
gatIon should bo directed woro Central Affica,
Australia and tho NORTH and South Poles.
Within tho past twenty-five JearB not only
llaH tho ardor of tbe oIploror been repeatedly
bout against thoso very unknown lands, bnt Il
measure OF auocess Inns awaited their c1IortB ha
grntifying. ss: unexpected. 1u other quarters.
also, reseascl, has not boon idle: and tho wllda
OF. AHlA hnvo boon visitcd by faithful osp!ossrs
who hayo done muof. to penetrate their ntysto-
rics: In orr owu country, tho explorations -of
tho great Western region between tue AIissitsip-
III ard tho Pacific havo made ttlustfiouB tho
i,nmcs OF Fremont Emory, Simpson. Mn3cy.
Whippls, Williamson, parko, Warron, 1yes 10y,
nolda, Nacomb, Mullen, and Wheeler; a'nong
offccsa; and Whitney. King, Gnrdner, Hayden.
Powell and Thompson, among civilians.
During tue nass ycnr th1 geogTaphIcA 81 anryeys %, %,
Of tho Wheeler expedition, Dlack-Ilills survey,
uayden'a .aurrov and tho exploration OF tho
colorado. ln tho first named Of these, Lieut..
Whaelor surveyed ccrtain aroas IN aontllcrn and
Mexico west Of tho 100!l, meridian Tho most
interesting nart Of this expedition Was that
which refnrrcd to, tho evidences Of q former
population, numerous and Of q high aegrce of
civilization' ip this region. ovcr which tho
sayagc.-Apachcs, Utcn. and Nayajos-now
wander. Prof. Cope found tla! what il called
tho coccno. plateau OF Northwestern Mexico,
whore now thsro are no people. waA onco oc-
cupied. by q poputhtinn OF peculiar char
actor. Tho conica! hill tora III n.Ai4j places
Nero crowned with stone structures, Which
upon examination proved to bo human awoll-
IngB, within and about Which fragments Of pot.
tory nbounded. Ono Of these lills appeascd
quito inncccaHIblc' but by climbing around tho
tIlnt itwas 'ascnntloa by ataitcaBo Of htoncs, .
nnmbor Of Which woro In position. Wlnt was
MOST extraordinary WRA that thcre were intliea-
tious that tho inhabitants had water nt these
Rroat cleyationa. aud no evidence that clatcrna
had over hecM employed. Pottery was found
scattered. along this region Of the Gallinos III
such abundance As to Indicate tint tho ponula-
ton had formerly boen cqual to that Of the East
ern and Middle. Htatos,' the number of buildings
to tho square milo boinR greater THAI that Of tho
rural pasts OK Now Jersey md Pennsylvania M
trhcoa OF metals wero found, but on adjRcont
rocKa were 1nIiau inHeriptionH nutl carvings.
Judge DAILY rhon briefly notieed tho remaining
United States eurveys. and Tho labors Of various
Amo1itn tho Abbc f'etisan lad furnished large
amount OF information cnnccrnlnI tue tiroat
Bear and Slave Lnkes and tho rivers which they
drain, In Central aud South America 1.iout. Col
lina lind surveyed tho Atralo River. Prof. uabb
had continued his exploration OF Costa lstcn ".
Mar4uler Ind made researches III Terra del Fns-
60. su.l h1r. Fresto had discovered boiling laiEa
Ill tho 1dlnnd Of Dominica. IIo vas mich filler
III his details Of what had been done in tho borra'
regions. Tho important eycnt Of the year WAS
tho British expedition .,lulor Capt Sarcs. for
1narly: Of tho Challenger. II consihtod Or twn
vcHsoly. tl,a Albert and tho Discovery. which lett
England last Juno, tak[ug tho route thro1ie!i
Smith Sound followed by Knuc. llafcs and Hall
biographical Society NJ tho beat. l}efoEo tho
departure Of tao adyonsuroTa there had bean 4
crowded rniaotin2 ut tue loyal: GeogEaphlca!
lfuomH, aua Admiral Richards iial takon the up.
rortuutty OF paying q ligA compliment to our
poople. mo nation said llo, has shown 4
greater intoI9at III Arctic explorations iuan tho
Americans. When al! further hopcA woro abau-
1onod by the british In tito diroetion Of tho North
lolc feet!eaa anu eHt1Fi,ktB1nE HpGlt WAS l4ohs
thomt aud they perseyercd for years. tl ii,ey az:
compllshed results That must 10 admitted BY all
to have leen unaurpassed." Aud moro than
this, there wnE general and hearty adoption
OF the Ideas OF Kane and lIayes. not
only aa to Smith" Sound, but oYcn, in
! tho details. Of Arrt.o exploration. Tho
Swedoa had also sent out M Arrsis vessel last
aummcr uuasr prof. Nordonaktosd 10 pass
AROUND Nova Zemhla, aud 80 as for NJ tho mouth
Of tho 0bi aud tho ienisei, which it waI aup-
posed would be rich iu mammoth and other
archaeological bpues.- They astasta!nol tho
| mouth Of theAo two xivcrs to f'o FREQ from Ice,
and that lheso streams, thuuGh elaltow. NcEI
sufficiently deep for the establishment Of trade
between Europe aud liberia. They found hand,
some hsone dwellings,. With turf~coye1cd roofs,
which contsincd numerous apartments. bAle.
| housce. bathing places, store-rooma for pro-
visions and fuel. but there Was no furni'
tl1o, and al Meta!-wurls. cyon to lalls. haG
been carefully removed. Thoy learned tlat tsls
place bud hecn abandoned for centuries. Tl4s
rivers swarhasd with flsl4 Ut large azo and tlnt
| flavor, The grass grew, nlost ln1urlnutly, thett
we're magnificent forests, tho soil wEs u doet
black Ioxul Of great fertility, aud tlla wood,
Nere full Of splendid Wild grapes, aud yet kl,el
wero vol! within tho limils of tito polar circle
Summing up Tho yo5age OF this yoasel, namrt
| shs ltoYen, the commander Hroto "Wo have
| during Tho summer, sailed oyer known aud un