Connecticut western news., 1876-06-16
THE DETHRONED SULTAN.

The Late Sultan of Turkey who was
 Obliged to Abdicate--An Interesting
 Sketch.
 Abdul Aziz Kahn-the dethroned sultan-was the second son of Sultan Mahmoud Khan, and brother of Sultan Abdul Medjid. Hewas born Feb. g, 1880, and succeeded his brother June 25, 1861. He received liberal education, spoke fuently French and English, and prior to coming to the throne had man. aged model farr at Scutari. At his accession the sultan introduced several reforms. He reduced the civil list, and promised equal rights to all his subjects regardless of creed. He reformed the civil service, and declaring that he would have only one wife he dismissed his harem. His dealings with foreign nations likewise began satisfactorily. He recognized the kingdom of Italy, and concluded commercial treaties with both France and England. He estab. lished friendly relations with his vassal, the viceroy of Egypt, and reduced the Montenegrins to dependence. The sultan continued in the early years of his reign to make 8 display of reform. He changed the land laws and allowed foreigners the right to hold real estate in the Ottoman empire. In May, 1867, he visited the Paris exposition, and vas received with great splendor. He also went to London, and was presented with the freedom of the city. The year follow ing he founded, at the instance of the French, council of state, which he in augurated with a speech in favor of the regeneration of Turkey. He established at the same time an imperial academy, where Mohammedans and Christians were to be educated in common. Soon after he founded an observatory at Con- stantinople. Pursuing his work of re- form, the sultan made public in 1869 the first part of civil code, which he had directed the supreme court of the empire to prepare. From 1866 to 1869 the sultan's reign was disturbed by the insurrection in Crete, which, after stub born resistance, was finally quelled. In July last revolt began in Herzegovina, ble. During the progress of hostilities the three imperial .powers-Austria, Germany, and Russia-proposed re- forms, to which the sultan reluctantly acquiesced. The insurgents, however, refused to accept the proffered terms, declaring they would be satisfied only with independence. Recently the three powers agreed upon new basis of peace at Berlin, which has not been formally presented to the Porte. The sultan's troubles were lately increased by a formidable revolt in Bulgaria, and 8 fanatical outbreak. at Salonica result ing in the murder of the German and French consuls. He has likewise been embarrassed by the hostile attitude of Servia and Montenegro, both of which States are friendly to the insurgents. Last year the sultan was unable to meet the interest on the public debt, and pro posed to suspend paying it for five years. This act of national insolvency has been almost fatal to Turkish credit in Europe. In late years the sultan had departed from the wise policy with which his reign began. He lived in great luxury, squandered money on palaces and iron clads, and appeared indifferent to the public veal. His successor, Mohammed Murad Effendi, was born September 21, 1840. He is nephew of Abdul Aziz, who vainly tried to have the law of succession altered, so that his own son might succeed.