Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1876-03-10
WHOLE NO. 274.

hDle tnese nRru titnes, 50 persons OF moderate
means can buy whole package. To young
butter makers do not fear to ask questions,
and have no prejudice to book farming.
Mr.. Fassett spoke upon the different ways
setting milk, and doubts the permanency Of
the present opinion that water should be
used to cool milk, and mentioned several
facts in regard to deep and shallow setting,
and water and air cooling, which seemed to
prove that further experiment is necessary to
establish the best way
Mr.. Hubbard spoke Of selection Of cows;
they may be found in all breeds, and those
that have either breed often desire to prove
that none others are so good. If we wish
good dairy COWS, We must select those that
have been bred for dairy purposes, so the
qualities are inherited. There are as good
native cows as in other breeds, but there is
great uncertainty in breeding natives. Does
not doubt the fact that the stock of Vermont
can be doubled in value in FIVE years without
increasing the number.
Mr.. Williams gave some light upon the
care Of butter, while in the hands of the
middlOmen. 1t is kept in stores with arti-
cles of strong and dsagreeable odors. 1t is
also transported with mixed merchandise
that is likely to injure its quality. Greater
care should be taken.
j. B. Mead then presented his subject of
Opportunities for young farmers" This
paper has heretofore been presented at other
meetings.
Wednesday Morning.
Meeting called to order at 10 o'clock by
M. r. Chamberlin. G. G. Pringle, member
Of the board commenced the meeting by pre-
sentiDg paper on "Smut and Ergot" illus
trated by drawings of various fungi.
At the close in answer to questions Mr..
Priugle stated that disease became very
prevalent in France from the use of grain
effected by ergot. Also cattle are afflicted
with abortion, sweled joints and rot or gan
creme. Early cut hay is not likely to have
ergot before the seed ripens. 1t is impor-
tant to SOW clean seed, free from ergot
Edward Conant of Randolph, state super.
intendent of schools, was called upon He had
been previously announced, and the schools
of the village were largely in attendance.
He presented the importance of raising
men and women Of excellence as we'll as good
crops and stock. Incidents of different aual.
tiles Of butter and crops on adjoining farms
showing that IN all processes manual labor
and mental skill affects the product. So the
intelligence Of the people will be seen in the
excellency Of their homes and products. The
man of ability makes his mark The COM
mon school is the universal school, where the
great mass Of the children get their first, and
in some cases their complete education in
books. This common school then should be
cared for and made as excellent as possible.
Every town of 500 or more inhabitants
should have high school, to teach studies
that cannet properly be pursued in the com.
mon school. For about sixty years the law
has been in Vermont that the towns must
support a school or schools. In the towns
we find districts not made by the state but
by the towns. The towns can make few or
many districts or abolish all of them. The
state and towns have certain rules in regard
to the money raised for schools, yet in the
district there are many points upon which
there is freedom and independence. Pru.
DENTAL committees arc to provide schools, in
spect and regulate the same. The same
duties are required Of the town superintend.
ents. Teachers must be licensed and money
raised and all the work of schools can be
done in towns and districts. There is in this
state law to enable the towns to do away
with districts. Several towns have adopted
the town system and the towns that have
done so find that their school houses are all
used as far as the convenience of the people
demand, and the schools go on quietly and
efficiently at 4 saving of from 80 to so cents
a week on each school. The town system
puts the power Of caring and providing for
schools into the hands of three persons chosen
by the town who have as much power as the
prudential committee. The town buys the
school property in each district and manage
it with such ability as may be for the ad-
vantage of the citizens. In Hinesburgh the
town committee keep the good teachers
through the year. In the town system the
examination Of teachers is likely to result in
the engagement of more capable ones. In
the town system the taxation is more equal,
here in Bradford the records prove that last
year in one district paid IS cents on dollar
school tax, in another 10 cents on a dollar,
but in the district with the highest taxes had
only 30 weeks school, while in the district
which raised 10 cents on a dollar had "a
weeks. This is not equal. All citizens
have right to be equally taxed for schools
as for roads, bridges and other town eIpen-
ses. In answer to question Superintendent
Conant said the prudential committee has a
right to turn out teacher. Practice con-
firms this, the decision Of the supreme court
assert this and the law so states it.
1t was asked, why did Corinth abandon
the town system after a short trial j?
As no one else responded Supt. COnant
said that right away after the town regularly
voted to adopt the town system, some of the
citizens began to hOd fault and applied to
the select men to have a town meeting called.
A meeting was called, the citizens found it
impossible to rsscind the former vote, but
were Obliged to abide by il two years. They