, 1876-06-17

has enabled bOiling.hOuses to be erected, and
consequently estates to be established, ia situa-
tiOns where it had been impossible to do so
previously, It's employment as the motive
power in estates boiIing-houses may now be
said to be general, although it offers a me.
thod of econOmizing labour in many opera
tons to which it has been sci lom or never
applied as yet, the advantages of which even
at the present day, remain to be estimated
at their true value.
Within the last thirty or forty years me-
chanical engineers have brought the old
model horizontal roller mill to the highest
state of perfection. The first letters patent
ever issued in England, in connection with
sugar manufacture, were granted to VIII.
LoUGHLY, Francis, Lord, HYDE, Laurence,
and De MARCATo, David" for the g maken.
inge and frameninge of sugar mills - and
are dated and numbered A. D. 1868, February
4-NO. I4I. ISL Mills have since been made
of three, four and five rollers but those CON
sisting of three rollers have been found to
give the best results with the least expendi-
ture Of power. In all, since the above date,
upwards of so patents have been taken out
relating to machinery for extracting the juice
from the sugar cane, all of which, with some
dozen or 50 Of exceptions, are merely adap.
tationS of, or Improvements 10 connection with,
roller crushing mills.
The 5nsp1ssation ofthe juice appears to have
been carried ou il Iudia from the earliest
times Of which any account is disc0verIble.
Although the mill was universally wjthoutshelJer,
the boiling apparatus on the other hand was
Invariably covered by a shed The range con.
sisted Of a series Of generally eleven earth
en- boiling pots, suspended between two paral-
lei mud walls about 20 feet long, 2 feet high
and Is inches apart, the inter,tices batweea
the pots being filled in with clay. A aue was
thus formed, at one end of which was a l4rg3
circular iron pan, exactly like the present
copper, under which was tho ire.pla3e-a
hole dug in the ground. The iron pan sery-
ed rs the tache,
The arrangement just described has un-
dergOne no alteration or Improvement up to
the present day neither hls the process
adopted, which is as follows After the Juice
has been concentrated to the cOnsi3tence Of
sling,-goor or jaggery as it is terme} 1T is
placed in pots and handed over by the IIyot, or
farmer, to the Collar, OF sugar-b0iier. When
it has to bear carriage a long distance it is
further concentrated by the Ryot, until it
resembles an inferior description of concrete.
BY the G0ldar, the pot extract is put into bags
Of coarse gunny or sack-clOth, which are hQag
over a number of large earthen vessels, and on
water being sprinkled on the tops OF the bags
me mOlaSSGS Grams away by displacement.
The sugar from the bags is then mixed with
water in q pan like a large copper, sunk in a
cylindrical cavity in the ground which serves
as a Fireplace. After being allowed to boil
for a short time, an alkaline solution prepared
from the ashes of the %plantain tree is added, aud
subsequently some milk. The liquor is next
strained through cotton, and the former process
is repeated until a sufficient concentration has
been attained. Il is then poured into eartheu
pots with curved sides, large at the top and
pointed at the bottom where they are plugged
with a plantain Leaf, and placed in a curing
shed on a wooden grating at some little dis
lance from the ground. Here they are allowed
to drain into vessels placed underneath. A
layer OF moist leaves ~ is placed on the top,
which after some time are removed and, the
crust being broken, fresh leaves are added and,
The process is repeated until complete orys-
Utilization has taken place.
There is one fact which must strike the
most casual enquirer into the early history of
sugar manufacture in its birthplace, and it is
one to which the attention of the reader may
here be directed. The raw produce, which
goes By the name ofgoor orjaggary, is made
chiefly by a number of farmers acting in con-
cert. The process is carried out in common
by the association, but is specially deputed to
some of their number who confne themselves
to this branch, the produce of each mans
land being sent to the common factory. The
gOor is then handed over by the Ryots to
auo+hap Aiokin1k oo-+- A. NN1I,rz - - L.