New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1876-07-29
APPLIED SCIENCE.

J,o,rrn CARBON DIoxIDE IN MINERAL CAVITIES
w Noel Hartley examining the liquid when oc-
casonally occurs I'm the cavities OF quartz mas cor
roborated the conclusions of Davy ana brewster
VI, rssard 70 its being liquefcd carbon dioxide
He noted that at the temperature OF about 81 zen"
tigrade the liquid in such cavity disappeared en-
tiroly 10 return upon cooling. DIR. Andrews give
20 DO g. as thcNritcal temperature ul cdlPvn u-
;J, ~ iEat there can no longer be any doubt con-
ceruing the nature OF the hquid uhdef eA"l'i'''o"
N,c,,rr.PrATrNG PEoCESs-Plazenet employs q
hath. composed of So erammes Of sG!phate oil
nickel. 90. gr allphate of ammonia, 10 e. cltre
acid dissolved in , litres Of water. Another recipe
,nrcb used in France is formed of solution OF
narts of nitrate of nickel in 4 Of liquid ammonia
and $50 water in which 80 parts OF suiPhale OF
soda have been dissolved. WIN n9uvId'' Vtl
the opcratinn is completed in few uuuh'cas =" uJ
tie film of nickel Is Of suncient lH''hI'Hs u" LII
iects are withdrawn from the bath ana uieu WIN
sawdust.
C,sr-sTFEI WEE RoPEs.-According to a rus
sian mining Journal caststeel wire ropes nave pe'h
substituted in many mines in Westphalia LOT those
Of iron. with excellent results. Experience III an
cases however. indicates that stee! wires WuSi NC
creased M least one a week, and that Is adFlS-
able to ay the rope aside upon the slightest lHo''a-
ton of brittleuos, in any of the wires. AZ oaaI-
bruck il has been found advantageous Z" ust 1t
drum of larger diameter than usual with non WIRE,
owing if is presumed to the fact that St,ei hreaEs
more readily than iron after It has passed TIE hn'
of elasticity.
THE NoNTuYoN PRIZE FOR MEDICINE AND SUR
GrRY-The Monthyou Prize OF Medicine ana sur
gerry was accorded by the Academy OF Hclehe'N'"l
Paris to H. Guerin for his essay upon the use OIL
wadled bandages in amputations. This idea was
FIST suggested by Pastcnr who believed th@t IN Tbs
vav the access of Dir to the wound sometimes very
desirable. would be permitted, while at the Sametme
an organic germs floating in the atmosphere Wouid
he excluded and which by their contact with me
wound might cause a Development therein VH',I"I
10 produce various complications OF greater vi -
dong,r The actlal pXpcr.mcut was made by Guerlu,
. aud This kind Of treatment has now become Well
established method IN surgery
CFrruv, I,NTuANU,I, AND DIDYMyM.-IheSe
rare metals have recently been isolated in quantity
bv Drs. Hillebraud and Norton, students under
Bupsep M Heidelberg Cerjum outwardiy resembles
iron. is very ductile and maleable, and furnishes
readily In hardness IT about equals silver, ana ITS
melting point is at full red heat. Heated IN the
air it kiudie5 very easily, at a lower temperature
even than magnesium, burning with great 5r!hancy'
ITpon shaving a ceriUm wire with knife, the Itih
fragments Of metal ignite rs they are cas- or; Wile
with an ordinary fire steel SPARKS can e 81 'th l"H
il as from a flint. DGymluin ana tahth"Guh TIE,
sembc cerium closely but are less inliamhdot ahu
do not tarnSh easily. He sptciHc EId'I'-ra PC ~
follows: Cerium GEES 10 6.72S; lanthauum, Oui9
10 61G3: didymium, G.5l4. In their tleruiC"'
relations the three metals lie between ma"neNiuh
and Zinc they are cecrop3sltYe TO the Iattef'
electromagnetic to the former.
Priority OF Discovery or THE PRINCIPLE or
THE GRAMNE Misunderstanding 10 recent
lecture of DR.. Andrews, the celebrated magnetic
electric machine Of Gramme which is The only enc
that gives a continuous electric current was pre-
coded by the publication in 1865, by Or. Pacinotti
of Florence of a machine for similar purpose
whose essential feature was in the novel form OF the
ar,natIire by means OF which continuous electrical
currents always in the same direction. could he
obtained from a magnet. PaciTotti docs not indeed
appear to have constructed the machine described
bv himself but states that be verified the correctness
of his views, aud satiSned hi"lscn .AaI i-'L
electric machine could be Sousl dc''u G:l'h
would give induced currents, all IL the same diTec-
ton. The ring arnature employed ny MN was not
essentially different nom that invented bN HIdHNe'
although according to Prof. Andrews. through q
serious buudcr in the construction u ms nathnit,
Pacnott could not possibly have attained the results
which Mr.. Gramme has.
GA11IUM.-M. Bolsbaudran states that in his first
discovery of gallium nc did GOT possess more than
one-hundrcdth of a mHli yran Of the metal dis
solved in minute drop of GqUld. Lately, with
larger supply Of material, he has determined some Of
its characteristics. The spectrum IS exceedingly
brilliant giving with a gas flame the line Az; in q
be deposited electrolytcaly upon copper, forming a
hard LAYER difficult TO buTni>h and rather whittier
than platinum. Ii was originally found in bienie
from the PyIeaces but has since been detected in
blondes from various other sources so that the dis
coverer thinks IL may be quite widely difuscd It's
most important chemical feature is that il forms an
pareutly true alum, thus belonging with ludlum
and aluminium IA classification. his fact Is par
tcularly interesting when considered ~ conncc Jon
with a brief article bv M'ndciC'rff. IHis aHt.gr
some few years ag" - ms papgT u"n We "r,f ne
the existence of several OF then IN known mc'is In
all probability gauIn Is one OF these ana WI MI u
gap which Meudciojcf pointed out III the aluminium
group. The vcritcdtIou Of such a prophecy might
well afford parallel 10 the discovery Of the planet
Neptune.
PArIrR-NiACUE OHSAuENTS, ErC.-SOme English
papicr-Inach6 articles remarkable not only for
tier form and general appearance but also for their
durability Theyere manufactured by first press
ing sheet Of very porous, but strong paper manu-
featured expressly for the purpose, upon the metal
creased with tallow This is then coated with good
four paeto ard A second sheet is laid on and pressed
and rubbed until il takes the form of the model and
adheres firmly. The whole is then placed in a dry
highlander at about 1919, and then the operations
of laying on and drying are repeated until the de-
sired thickness is moluced-20 to 10 sheets being
freauentlv required for the purpose. The form is
then removed all the sides are carefully adjusted,
aud the article is then hardened by first lnmeisluS
il in linSced ol and purified wood tar, and coating
siv Ia ciglt times with vaTpish allowing il 10 dry
thoroughly after each coat. Ii is finally grount
down with pumice-stOuc, and OrnameHtcd with
bronze gold, or mOthCT-Oi-pcaIl. Cheaper articles
are manufactured from a mixture OF paper pup VIII
certain proportions Of white lead TOsln dhs"ed oil,
and sugar of lead carefully kueaded an. rolled ~
the aid of steam. This is then pressed into mods
and dried The most ordinary articles arc made of
pulp and earth coioo, with tie addition 81 some
hardening cement