New-York tribune., 1876-07-15
FEATURES OF THE FAIR.
THE CHILDREN OF THE WORLD.

IFRoN A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUNE.l |
PHILADELPHIA, July 14.-Russia, the latest
conner to the Exhibition, enters with regal pomp very
gratifying her American host In his patent leather
boots and Broadway hat, he likes TO measure himself
shouIde to shoulder with ancient monarchies the more
Gespotc the Her stately robes of fur, silver and
taras ouiverng with diamonds suddenly take him out
II bis brandnew villa or Office in smithyille He dimly
ices behind background of vast wastes Of lee and
now wandering Tartar clans imperial palaces, realm
40 vast and people alien be less real to him than
half the world OF fiction. He wonders complacently
what these Russians think of U.s. II their Kremins and
zee palaces matched he Is sure to aude TO our
free Institutions and point proudly to our system OF
public schools" He comforts himself with vague
Impression that the middle and lower classes
OF the Russians in state OF lhIet
ieetua torpor trampled under the iron heel etc. ETC.
preseny behind the royal furs and wonderful minerals
from the Ural Mountains he sumbles into the sectOn
filed with her educational apparatus, ana glance
suf1ces 10 tell him that if this be object teaching the
United States has not yet learned its primer We are
lust learning the OF the Kindergarten Objects but the
Russian Pedagogc here shows us how thorough
the whole coarse OF pupils training is Religion Maine
matics. Natural History In all Of its departments.
Geography, Ethnology, Political History Hygiene and
Technics brought home to the brain by means OF
sight and touch in countless other ways than those OF the
pnted page The maps in has relief the albums OF his
torcal pictures costumes, and manners, wheren you
could trace the national progress for thousand years.
the models plaster and paieT inache OF insects rep
tiles ouadrupeds and every race of man, the skeletons
rnankins are bewdering in their number No doubt we
Thought they were solely for the OF the wcaithtr
classes but the child Of the peasant and emaneipated
serf-what chance had he TO this admirable appa-
ratus2 Prof. Heard OF the Commission came TO my
aid with few facts which oddly contradi our popular
ideas Of Russia The public schools he stated, are
divided ipto-frst military; second schools under the
Minister OF instruction Military schools are subdi'ded
into First. Preliminary, in which the pupils are from
10 10 years OF age These are free to every boy VINO
chooses to enter The OF military men live ID the
schools Others receive only day tuition Second Military
gvmnasia; age from IL TO II. Third Military schools
age from II 10 2l This is intended TO qualify
the pupil 10 take rank commissioned officer IL omits
only classical studies French and German are oOSa-
tory English optional About 600 graduates leave these
gymnasia yearly, and Immediately given position in
the army engineering corps. ln fact the niiitaiy
schools fail to supply the demand for officers.
The schools under the Minister of Instruction are both
private and public the latter like the military are sup
ported from the Imperial treasury There no school
tax though in many districts voluntarily levied III
order to raise the standard of these schools These
primary schools Of which in 1858 there were only
5000 increased in ten years TO $4,000 Since then an
effort been made to establish them in every district
or all pupils who enter, the Commissioner stated the
children of the former er most eager and success
full Object teaching is insisted upon, aud the apparatus
before me- as suited the branches taught was to be
found i'm all the schools Boys and girls taught sepa
ratey except in the Kndergartens though both sexes
were employed Unfortunately rs teachers, ana paid
the same. Here too, re preferred The gym
nasa which succeeded the primary schools are not ree
though the pay demanded is very low. They are d.
yided into classical and scientific and both kinds are
both pabc and private Children of the nobility and
yeaher burceses are never found in the public schools
but the private, OF al grades under the supervision
of the Minister Of instruction. All the gymnasla, even
the great universities open to women The pro-
nd bX ne
Teeca schools have been established by several OF the
pover mobiles OF which one, that maintained by Count
Etrogono Of Moscow. sends large exhibit OF work ana
apparatus These intended TO prepare teachers, who
In turn instruct machists workers in iron, steel glass
designers Of fabrics, chemists, etc Artisans schools
entirely ;ratuous. open saturdays and sundays
In which reading writing, and drawing are taught
THE PEDAGOGIC MUSEUM
The Pedagogic NJ scum Of the military schools which
submits the educational exhibit is, a far a. know
peculiar to Russia Its objects are TO collect and examine
all school apparatus, either native or foreign, 70 select
the best TIC schools to promote their maHdiactuein IN
Russia, reducing the price to bring them within
reach Of the poor Its collections, libraries etc, are
open of students classes and since their
establishment have been 50 used by over bali million
of people Public readings. enliYcncd by PICTURES
music etc. given Winter to the lowest classics
In the capitals the private soldiers and an admission
fee Of al three > charged 70 induce the nearer 70
respect tine lecture and himself. " An emanclpated
serf" said the Commissioner in conclusions finds every
school from the lowest TO the highest grade, open
10 HIM Should he pass through them ana
enter learned profession, nobody VIII ask
what he mas been. IN fact, OF our best men IN
public life once belonged 10 that class wishing iha'
tie poor hopeful freedmen in their alcove overhead
could hear this last word crossed into Chll. WHO mas
sent book maps etc. such as used in her public
schools These schools differ very widely from our own
The teachers dwelling forms part Of them the foremost
scholars teach classes in the desk in 'front.'
hangs the erucifx, and nsructiOnn Christian morals
occupies gcod of The time. Besides th reading,
writing, geography, spanish grammar arithmetic
linear drawing bookkeeping, vocal music hygiene, and,
to the girls sewing is taught. No corporal punishment
Is allowed In ls4s CD Id educated to every 10
Inhabitants; in 1870, to every "a The increase
since then has been still more rapid Ch mas aso learn,
many private schools of high Tepute in the nelsnborng
republics and also university technical schooi and II
lyceums
The Argentine Republic in 1870, through senior
Avalanche sent to Bureau gloomy account of the
chances for free education in her provinces The Gov
eminent was willing anxious 70 aid its people, bat
domestic feuds and the lack Of competent teachers
Murdered its Efforts Even with these drawbacks, puDhc
and normal schools established The province OF
La Rioa for example, which after Its war o l7O' coma
not boast school in years had many III each
district National colleges founded in each
province and in attendance doubled IN one
year The account given by the Commissioner OF her
lressnt condition was much more hopeful, Education
was gratuous in every province, and st better, com
pulsory until the child could read or write After the
age Of 16 yearly payment Of ten AIgcntino dollars
was REQUIRED with when small the Lad could go ON
uptil fitted TO begin life lawyer, DOCTOR DC women
were taught to read, write. and gratmOusly; III
they would learn be paid for" The educa-
tonaI department not yet in order, but there were
some delicate ace by the schoolgirls, curious work
in seeds tiny satin aprons and scarfs rich IN gold en-
,.iof gpF cal