davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1876-08-10

er streams. Still beyond the Big Horn
| Mountains game is even more plentiful
than on this side.
But that which it is hoped will prove
the grand resource of this region is its
mineral wealth. More fabulous tales
| of the hidden riches of the Big-Horn
Mountains have gone forth in years
past than ever lured immigration to
the Black Hills. Expedition after ex-
petition, organized in Montana, Wy
oming, and Utah, have arrived at the
borders of this forbidden ground, only
to be cut to pieces and sent, totally de-
moraliZed, hOmeWard. Occasionally
some more fortunate party of daring
prospectors would enter the mountains
and explore for few days before be-
ing discovered by the savages; but,
just as "color," or something else
encouraging, was found, the inevitable
onslaught would come, and the miners
were compelled to evacuate, much
poorer and but little wiser for their
trouble. A piece of remarkably rich
gold quartz was found on the western
slope, four or five years ago, by a man
who is now with this column, and
is determined to search for the lode at
the first opportunity. Sixty OF seventy
dollars worth Of gold was also taken
out Of stream which heads on the
west side of Cloud Peak, several years
ago; and this is about all the actual
knowledge we have in regard to the
wealth of a region which has wound
about it that tantaliZing, but at the
same time wOnderfully-enticing man
tie" unknown Indian ground" Dur
ing our own brief rambles, we have
only discovered slight traces of gold III
two locations: on Crazy Woman S
Fork of Powder, and on a
stream believed to be No-Wood
Creek-the latter flowing west
ward from Cloud Peak. Several
quartZ-lOdes were found near the
summit of mountain, Oh a recent
trip. They looked much like the gold
mines of Colorado on the surface, and
were quite extensive and well-defned
Groupings of soft coal have been found
at several points along the line of
march, and great quantities of it were
encountered along Powder and Tongue
Rivers during our last campaign.
The altitude throughout the belt of
country thus briefly described averages
about 5000 feet above sea-level. AS
already intimated, the climate is quite
dry, and irrigation would no doubt be
a necessary adjunct to cultivation.
The numerous large streams, and their
dozens of less important tributaries,
with their rapid fall, would render
this artificial moistening a very easy
matter. 1t can truly be said that no
region, East or West, is so thoroughly
or advantageously watered During
the occupation of Forts Phil Kearney
and c. T. Smith, it was proven that
the winter climate hereabOuts is far
more equable and agreeable than that
of Southern Wyoming. Experiments
then made in cultivating the soil also
resulted successfully, SO far as the
hardy vegetables were commemorative
cereals not receiving a trial. Taking
into consideration these resources of
pasturage, soil, climate, water, etc, it
is certainly not chimerical to prophesy
speedy development-when the Indian
war is over.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1876-08-10

A woman may disguise most of her
mperfections, and seem like a thing
OF beauty to the susceptible and mex
perlenced, but no man who has been
through the wine-press of half doz-
en- courtships can ever be deceived by
the splendor of a glass eye.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1876-03-11
Injustice to Engineers.

, hs.Editors Of the Independent:
A, the columns of your valuable
aper is open for the discussion of
paiters generally, allow a small
ace for me to have something to
|y IN regard to the injustice done
! engineers that were discharged
|om me service of the b. & o. r.
|. Company at this station about
1 first of January last. Some Of
I not all, were engineers of a
bod practical experience, first
his Ia every respect. | make this
,prtion because it cannot be de-
d by Mr., Edwards, the Master
echanic at this station, under
|ho,t. jurisdiction | have been EN-
Dyed.
II Applied to Mr.. Edwards for a
liter If recommendation, well
|,owing that he had refused 9TH
s that applied 10 him for one,and
Lowing that he could do nothing
| ore than refuse, which he did
sry indignan ly l told him as he
' ould otgive me aletter ofrecom-
Iendation that wanted "a state
|ent not in the shape of a recom-
endation but just merely a state
|eni, stating that | was an engi.
Ter aud that as such / had render
satisfaction. This he also re-
,ed on the grounds that his SUI
Rrior officer refused to give recon-
eudations, and that he would not
over their heads to give one.
Ms is a very poor reas d. "a reason
most without tn" shallow OF a
Emulation.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1876-03-11
Martinsburg March 6, 1876.
The Best Remedy for
Trouble.

The world has often been told
that work is the best remedy for
trouble. The saying often sounds
trite through much use but tho
trite it remains true. II should
have died." a mother said lately,
"when / lest my two children but
that the others were sick, and l
hadn't leisure to realize how DESC
late l was" 1t is the fashion to
pity mourner because he or she
has no time to grieve; but this We
nv lack of time is often Gods best
medicine for the afflicted The
physician who goes home from his
wife's funeral and has to make a
half dozen visits to patients in
stages of disease too critical to be
turned over to strange hands, the
actor who sheds bitter tears over
his child's grave, and then must
go before the footlights the same
evening, the wife who turns away
from the sod that hides her dear
est, only to bake and brew and
mend for her children,-have all
of them their cure, provided by
destiny. 1t is the mourner who
need only mourn who is to be pit
led. Busy hands prepare food
which he cannot eat; the wide,
handsome rooms through which
he walks alone are haunted; he
need take no thought forthe NOR
row aye, but he takesailthemore
fer yesterday. He has nothing
which he must do, and therefore
he gives himself up too long. Pity
him because he has no natural door
of escape from the desolation of
his own heart.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1876-03-11

So l concluded to wait upon Mr..
w. III. Harrison, Mr.. Edwards
superior officer, and see what he
had to say about the matter.
Mr. Harrison received me very
kindly anu gave me all the salts
faction l asked for in regard TO let
tiers Of accommodation, at the same
time stating to me that he was not
the proper one to give me a letter
of recommendation simply because
he did not know me, but on the
other hand il he knew me and
knew me to be "a good engineer
that he would not hesitate one mo-
ment to give me letter OF recon-
mendation, hut assured me If Mr..
Edwards would give me recom-
mendation that he would indorse
it.
/ make this statement in justiti-
cation ofthe course pursued by Mr.
Harrison, for how could he a ra-
tionai man, man occupying
high aud honorable position in life
certify to things that he knew
nothing of. Does Mr.. Edwards
not know that Mr.. Harrison is JUS
tifiable in not giving letters of
recommendation TO men he knows
nothing about If he does not he
ought to. But Mr.. Edwards can
not justify himself nor do justice to
an engineer by refusing 10 give
him letter of recommendation
when he knows him to be good
engineer and in every sense enti-
tied to one which he could give
without the least IMPROPERLY
on the part Of himself. There can
be none other than selfish notions
that prompts him to the course that
he is pursuing. | would commend
to him the golden rule, that OF do
ing to others rs you would that
others should do you.
AS | have been employed under
the immediate supervision Of Mr.
Edwards, he knowing that | have
rendered entire satisfaction as an
engineer, and refusing to give me
a letter Recommendation when |
Justly merit it. To him | say that
you are guilty OF doing ine AZ well
as my family gross injustice by
with holding from me papers
which would procure for me Dit
uation In order to maintain my
self and family.
If Mr.. Edwards is not RESPONSE
bic for this gross injustice To the
engineers that were discharged but
to whoever is responsible huri
the insinuation with redoubled en-
ergy, and say to him that you
might as well take the crumbs
from our childrens' mouths as 70
refuse Us papers which we are duly
entitled to, and which could be
given without any improperly on
the part of any officer of the Com
pany knowing US.
Engineer.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1876-03-11

| TIE POLITICAL SITUATION - MR..
gLAINE IN WEST VIRGINIA AND
ELSEWHERE WEST - APPROACH
ING STATE CONvENTIoN-COL.
LAMoN AND THE OLD wHIG VOTE,
&C.
WASHINGTON, March 6, 1876.
The view given, in your issue of
February 26, of the political situa-
ton in West Virginia, is doubtless
the true one in the main. | say in
the main because, while you are
wholly correct as to the value OF
Blaine stock in the country gener-
ally. | think you have moderated
the strength and chances of the
Republican party in the Mountain
Estate
After admitting as you do that
they are "alnost unit for Blaine
and his view OF what is best with
reference to the currency question,
YOU speak or them as "unorgan-
izeu. : This strikes me as practi-
cali, contradiction. No party,
strictly speaking, can be said to
aps., much effort in the way of or
ssriiz .tion, that is a "uni.' for the
coming man" Having the spir-
Il ii organization the form will be
an easy matter, as the State Con-
Walton which is TO meet at Clarks-
burg, May IL, will show. / will
venturp further aud predict that,
If Rhp gubernatorial convention
shall arrange for heading the ticket
with
BLAINE AND LAnoN,"
thpaoid Wing element-even those
yotrr> and sons of voters who
haze been worshipping the strange
gods If Dem ocracy-will be found
Wheeling into the line in which
ihr sturdy ancestors of Col. Ward
Hill I4aunon and their neighbors
dia such good service in the era
anl,.-,lali ing the unfortunate sepa-
saliua rom them of such able
Wing 'raders as Mr.. Faulkner
unfortunate for himself, at least,as
he will come TO see,i he did not see
il in the contest which restored
him Ia his old place in Congress.
As 10 Mr.. Blaine's CHANCES ma
tioually considered, gather from
urh Western papers as the st.
Louis Ropu6licdn and Chicago Tri-
jlMe abundant indications that, in
addition to Wisconsin. which has
Al eady declared in favor of his
n1iination, Missouri, Iowa, Mime
eola, Michigan, Kansas, Nebraska
bud the Pacific States may be
nunt.d ia. Seeing that the West
Ia. enjoyed the honor of the Pres
dency for Is years, there will be
little difficulty in adding Illinois
o The Blaine muster roll, after
supplementary first ballot divided
Dc ween her favorite sons, Morton
nd Washburne.
Ii is
ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT
hat even the New York Tribune,
which seemed to think that Mr..
Blaine had committed hari-kari
With his speech on universal am
itsty, should now proclaim that
he prophets who killed off Mr..
Blaine a few weeks ago are silent
nd eastounded at the rapid strides
be is making. To which it adds
ruls, that reports come to hand
vefv day, showing additional
mt.~ in his favor
Ian understand how even an
la,h,tnlent paper--you have done
erls to scout the cowardly catego-
,f neutrality might feel
vrf-c&utious rs the editors OF the
lariinsbuvg INDEPENDENT APP
ar 10 he in their utterances on
i~qup~tion. but L speak as one
rtiug no notwithstanding as l
uon my own individual response
inty through journal that has
~ courage and good sense to give
correspondents the largest lib
ty. j. e. S.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1876-03-11
Knew He was Honest.

During rainy weather gentle
man stepped into tobacconist's
in London, and asked him for the
loan of an umbrella. He was
promptly accommodated. you
are an obliging man." observed a
customer, after the stranger had
stepped out. Eyes, but that's "A
mighty honest fellow" said the
tobacconist. IAN honester ana
more generous inan you won't find
in days travel He has got a
number Of umbrellas Of me, hut
he always brings bacS a better one
in return. He changes 'efn some
how, but how / don't know, and
| don't care. / see he's honest and
that's all / care about it,
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1876-03-11

A. w. Strange, Esq, Lynchburg,
Va, writes: 81 use DIR. Bulls
Cough Syrup regularly for a tickling
cough at night. 1t gives relief and
puts me to sleep. 1t is is much used
hare.O
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

Some time ago Caleb Gushing,
speaking at Washington, and after
hourly conferences with the pow
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

ers that be. said that it was quite
possible for the 4th of March to
arrive without lawful declaration
of the result of the Presidential
election, in which event it was his
opinion that Gen. Grant would
hold over! And now it appears
that Ben Butler, having FASTENED
to Washington, to learn precisely
where to strike, is strongly in
clined to cooperate With the patri-
otto Gushing. The following is the
Worlds report of bin
Gen. Butler arrived here last night,
and to-day had an interview with Ca
leb Gushing. It is understood that
Gen. Butler is Of the opinion that il all
the disputed States are counted in for
HAYES and Wheeler, the House will OBJ
ject to the reception of the votes Of
those States. On the other hand, the
Senate will object to the votes of Ala
bama and Mississippi, and the end will
be that a President viii not be chosen
by the 4th Of March"
It will be observed that Buffers
opinion was formed only after an
interview with Gushing. What do
these men mean? Are they talk
ing without an understanding with
Grant, with Cameron, and with
CbaudIer?-TN. Y. Sun.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
A Dog that Didu't"Live in
Vain.

A we'll known. Memphis coal dealer,
not long since, had big dog Of won
derful sagacity. He (the dog stayed
around the coal yard, and whenever a
coal cart was hauled on the scales the
dog always took a stand under the
wagon like a coach dog. He weighed
nearly one hundred pounds, and was
weighed as coal thousands!o OF. times.
and nearly every coal consumer in the
city purchased that dog at so much per
barrel. The practice went on for
months, and was only discovered by a
funny accident A negro wanted bar
rel of coal, and wheeled a hand-cart
with coal on the weighing scales. The
CLERK in the office worked at the scales,
and hallooed through the window,
" take out a lot of that coal" The ne
gro did so, and kept on until all the
coal was out of the cart, The clerk
tried the scales again, but the pea indl-
Gated too much. Take out more
coal" shouted the clerk "d-n it, you
have a boat load of coal on that cart, "
" Look hyar, boss, replied the negro
the coal is all out, and I'll have to
take the wheels off the cart if you want
to tighten it. Then the negro looked
under the cart, and seeing the big fat
dog at his post, exclaimed Lord
God, massa, you's selling me that dog
for coal" The dog was missed in "
few days, and was found dead on the
scales, the animal having taken some
poison accidentally. but he came back
to die at his post. 1t was fine example
Of faithful unto death. II Memphis
Ledger.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

DVuI' IN0JVTE7y '''eV III
Majority for Tilden 1854. Nj
cholIs's majority is about 5000,
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

LOOK OUT FOR THE LOCOMOTIVE -
Our enterprising fellow-citizen, Eli A.
A. Perkins, advertises in another col
umn regular weekly stage line from
Lake Charles to Orange, Texas, con-
Meeting with the railroad at Orange.
We hope that the travel from Texas to
New Orleans, by this new route, will
soon Justify Mr.. Perkins in making two
trips per week
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

questioned in the Senate, the right
OF the House of Representatives
to object to and to exclude the
fraudulent votes cast by the great
republican conspiracy in South
Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida,
will have to be recognized and
admitted. The prospect of set
Element Of this controversy in ac-
cOrdance with common sense and
justice is immensely improved
and it is not probable that there
will hereafter be so much talk
about forcing Mr. Hayes into the
Presidential chair upon The
strength Of the fraudulent returns
from the three stolen States. IN.
Y. Sun.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
The Oregon Electors.

~, ,eu., C
D m;.L T,tuo,ta p
~ I1,,,.,,a ofLo C,,to
'0'I 49, - 49,
"",0 .I,.~ :. tIo r,oa-.t
l:I 49, g. Lo
',''''O I,1 49, 1 IT,
' ,:-I H. Iom
"o1 1870 a.n'o yac,,,;,.,5 thom 20
anu ''
w. 49,. ,.: A., u,oa ,1,o
49, La,1 ,no;or;tr hnt one 81
w." '' Ill., W. VIZ. p1,tn,ns..r
''G ,., :.1;..;,,Ia .,,Io.
~ A1 '~ 49, 80 ~ 49, rr,,;,,o1
','0 D1 e Co..
l'"' o,.1;,,aI,, fonnd tL,,
.s TO- ,,.o n,r
"'' VIZ e.,' II 1,.
- ' I1 tL,t NO
Jaw =, ,I r
.,l,;o.a -,...,r
E,I.. ,l,t,,ua ;,,4a.,d NJ
nv t,,,,l,1..
n5 r,; - ~. a.,n.
'' " 49, 49, o.,
.T~.,,,ar - r,tay
~ 1 oaa.~,,?;,,,,In +ho,
49, To4,.,,an t,ot en-.
|.!.J:,,I a,,, ,7,,ro,,or,,
3,,'-.~;..t,,, ~. +b.
~ - F' ,..t,,, or
30'''I . D,o.;1nt
W. I'0 T ' :.o1 Lis oor.
,.c .L h,t III.
'''"'''' ~ ~, Wv ''' s3
~" LS'"o''0'1 M ~ .,,;,,t
.1;u.:,I, tLo I5u,s a. Ora
~ ''"'0 sn a.,
$780, ~ nS1,~;.h o4bo,
U1,To 'u'' 49, throo 90.
p'o''o""9' n Mo Ra,.t,r,I
- o.I $500 4r.o
o'i'o u r~0 WILL.
'''9' 1"I I"9o uaIn;nI..
|I 0no ~. I I,,ru oort;Go1
1''1' Ie'' CS7,y o1;a,rmoa
'"o 9'eo'o"s n;S oot;ar
"Uu VIC oe'' s W ' aat w. -
~ 'THu'"' h0' IL "lo ' ~
" "1nl"'"''' an1ar
V'00Io'S ""o ,0'U'eU ~ 80
'Ie 'p'o:no' . o ~ tham-
uu"u'no,lN0' "ione " -
o9''9S - 0a &c "no'n1' l,otos CO..
ACT WIN 'nen, anu 0''' T" AZ.
hayes ana "n0e'e', D":
Ptooeeo'nR goes 10 " e "S g.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

Received this week, at J. W. Bryan's
store. a new, large and choice stock Of
dry goods and groceries, including a
full line Of goods and notions for the
Christmas holidays.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21

The contrast between TiIden
and Hayes is sharply exhibited in
their latest utterauce. When
Hayes is called on for mis- views
about the Presidential complica-
ton. he% says You could not
expect me to speak of political
matters on this occasion, and GER
tainIy not Of the position which
affairs have assumed at the pres
ent time" When TiIden is asked
for his sentiments and advice in
h. same relation, lie looks the sit
uation squarely in the face, and
speaks distinctly and emphatically.
Though satisfied that the action
of Gov. Grover is in strict accord
ance with the constitution and The
laws, be would djsdain, he says,
to accept an election by the vote
Of an eIector not backed by a ma
jority Of votes at the balIOt-bOx.
He insists that he is entitled to
the Presidency, without claiming
Z vote, on technical grounds, from
=
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
NOTICE.
Dec. 81, 1876

4 LII persons indebted to me for past
n medical services will please come
fol ward and settle either by payment
or note. Further, I will inform my
friends that owing to the cash system
adopted by the country, will be com
PEELED to adopt the same system ; and
hereafter no call will be responded to
unless some satisfactory arrangements
are made fer the payment of same
W. H. kIRKMAN, NJ. d.
Lake Charles, JapusFy s, 1876.
FERDINAND PHILEFSKY,
Matchmaker and JeWeleF,
Between Lake House and Echo Office.
Lake Charles, Ls,, dec ., lS75-3m
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
Stray Beef.


DARTIES wishing to purchase Sew
/ ing Machines will find it to their
advantage to call on G. NJ. Drew,
Agent. for the World Renowned Singer
Sewing Machine, Lake Charles, La,
who will be pleased to sell on terms de-
flying competition. A liberal discount
made for cash.
Particular attention paid to sewing
machines left for repairs. Needles,
check springs, oil, rubbers, etc. con-
stantly on hand.
All orders addressed to c NJ. Drew,
Lake Charles, La, will receive prompt
attention.
Nov 9
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
The Vote for President.
TILDEN'S MAJORITY IN THIS STATE
OVER EIGHT THOUSAND.
ESTIMATES OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE
CENTRAL COMMITTEE.

From the N. 0. Pieayune.
The following statement of the
majorities for President was com
piled by the Democratic Conserva
tive State Central Committee from
official returns, and is an accurate
estimate of the result according to
the ballots actually cast
For President
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
Next Monday is Christmas.

New stores and new dwelling houses
are the order of the day in Lake
Charles.
The Lake Charles echo. [volume] (Lake Charles, Parish of Calcasieu, La.) 1876-1898, 1876-12-21
Vfck,s Floral Guide.

4 beautiful Quarterly Journal, finely
II illustrated, and containing an ele-
CANT eoIored FLOWER PLATE with tie fret
number. Price only Is cents for the year.
The first No. for 1877 just issued in German
and English.
VICK'5 FLOWER and VEGETABLE
GARDEN, in paper, so cents With elegant
cloth covers, 8l,CO.
VICK'5 CATALOGUE-30O Illustrations
only cents.
Address JAMES WICK.
Dec. 7. ROchs.ser, NY.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1876-07-31

JAMES AT "Sextona," the residence of
Captain ThOs. ?. Sexton, C%rittenden county,
Ark. on the morning of the 28th inst, Of
consumption. THOMAS JAMES.
The deceased was a young man Of sterling
worth, and was in the 25th year Of life. lie
was beloved and respected by all who knew
him, and the sincerest tears o friendship will
we'll up from the hearts Of his numerous kin
and friends when they know that poor
TONNE " is no more. During his entire cen
inemon, to his room, like e young Christian,
he bore with patience and fortitude the SLOW,
yet sure. destroying malady, day by day
growing weaker and more emaciated. with no
regret as to his final hour. which he knew was
near and certain. His life was exemplary,
and characterized by the noblest impulses.
His last words in the household Of his uncle
and aunt, from whom no received all the care
and kindness which could DO given at their
hands, was a simple request "that he should
have a plain aud genteel interment, and that
no wished his grave 70 be with his father and
| mother at Shawnee Village" lie was con
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1876-07-31
Tbs Lamentations OF Tweuty-FOur
widows.


WASHINGTON, July 25th.-Mrs
General Crittenden, Of this city,
mother of Lieutenant Crittenden,
who was slain with Custer in
the massacre on the Little Big
Horn, has received a letter from
Fort Rice from the widow of one Of
the officers who persisted in the
battle. The letter. after a tender
expression of coincidence with Mrs.
Crittenden in her bereavement.
describes the scene of anguish at
Fort Rice as soon as the boat arrived
with the news of the dreadful
result of the fight. When the
awful tidings were disclosed the
air was rent, says the writer, with
the lamentations and shrieks of
t~wenty-foqr widows, many of them
with wailing children at their
skirts. Some of the women thus
suddenly afflicted are without
money to leave the place where
they parted with their husbands
for the last time on earth, and
Others again are without home or
place of shelter to 90 to when they
can get away. 1t is conjectured
here that of these twenty-four wo-
men several are widows Of the nom
commissioned officers and privates
of the Seventh cavalry. Their dis
tress will form the subject Of a
special appeal to Congress for re-
| lief