, 1876-04-03
gho Conflict Between Their
Resp eotive Advocates.
Tha Earth1s Oentre--Two Statements
40 to How Granite 1s
Formed.
Two Clergymon, o Lawyer, and a
Woman, Go for F." lIcK.," Of
Fairfield, Ia.


n tat E4aor Of 7hs Chicago tribune:
" CHICAGO, March 20.-R. ". Cooley secs proper
to tako exceptions 10 my argumont, which re-
Gently appoarod in your Journal against the
theory Of tho sarth's coutre botnH = motion
mass and In aupport Of hts pohItion, thnt II Ia
. molten mass, attompts to donolihh two or
three Of tho least important Of tho many tonots
advanced by nc io support Of my belief. lAavo
no tiuc to squnndsr In Al acrimonious combat
Of Words into which most arguments Of this
kind doscaud, oYer unla1portant differences In
scientific derivation, that, in themselves, neither
make nor break tho actual principles Of doc
trine, buh rs Mr. Cooley acsns aotuatod only
by IN honest dcairo to acquito Information, with
your Mad permission will briefly resio" tic
polnta 1ntsed by him.
No worry poremptoritJ declares, In the face
Of my illustrations to tho contrary.
TINT tho cooling process Of tue
Earth does begln at tho surface, though
ho gives 10 rcaaon for thia assumption, but lm-
mediatcly modiilca It BY tho assertion TINT the
puly instance where soItdidcation bogina st tho
tentre Ii where great pressure is exortod.
Granted; this ID precisely the arRunont
Of tho opponents to \ motion CEN
DISQUALIFICATION from circumference
to coutrc,-su!ldidcatio by superintendent
pressure, not upon TINT Eccntllo absurdity.
1,olton.liauid nusa OF homogeneous heated
nebulu. hut npop matter frat dawn sogethor In
4 plaat.o state. Buot pressure, aided by the
solvent powor of hulda, Ia tho primary forcs in
lilo orixtn Of every rock-stratum Oh the facs or
tn the centre OF the cartl
But altar acknowledging, unlike other In
ternnl-host theorists. TINT tho eartb'e ccntro
aaaumos, Without, rs usual, givipg any atau.
mont for bis belief. that it Is surrounded BY .
motion mass, and then = crust from 45 to 80
mi|aa thick. This, venture to Rsaert, H. che
most inconsie.snt Of al theories born
possibly Lorenzo Rank's reesnt a4sor-
hons through your columns.. Why. II a
molton mate At ali. u 1t not molten from the
nors onsward7 Why, 1t pressure hss made tho
eontzo solid and tho orust soid haa it Tilted tho
molten ring eaudwiched between thema Would
hia soft ba1t ia tho oarh II In this ahapo, DO very
dlfrerant from tho cream-paaso contra Of baker's
puii whoa sat down upon by ponde1Aolo force,-
10 driven into . collapsed shell aud ha7e is
juices all spilled ont oysr lts sides 7 Your cor
respondent may bring up that old exploded tho
or Of radiation OF heat from tho Garth 10 &C.
count for tho solid crust but, without going over
ny unanswered illustrations on this point In my
ss every. particle Of matter forming this callad
crust ta fualbe ut thousands Of degTces below
Tho intonse temperature aaoribed to the sup
posed moitun matter underlying it,-thsa hoat
btl1X 4Bu01htGu UY VUIulSE AAA A1uppAGl nv
tb0,l0o deg. and upward, willis platinum mota
sta,os2 deg.,--jnht 30 long COMMON hopso vii
condemn thls fattacyof tho doctrine Of molten
ea,Itra or q molten belt.
We have tas sqthorisY q II rros' Dana,
Institute. tor the assumption, THAI tho
heat upon tho earth's surface is exclusively de-
Hired from tho sums rays and 6ir Charles Ly.
eli, In an nddress 70 tho assembled ocientsts Of
Qlaegou, IN 1867. when he naA first awakening
t, I+a arr n funSHn hAtE thantF. 6hc1hrA1
that, Hero the crust Of tie globs tho result Of
partial cooling from primitive condition Of
molten 1uldity, e9sinst Whloh aaHestion much
reasoning could oo presented, the wholo planet
below iucipient fuston: and. henco, the enor-
nous degrees Of heat presumed could not exist
HltLu tn and tAst. In tLelight OF reeens
Developments, tho spparont bent in Tho carthe
reaosons occurring IN the various strata be.
ncAth tho aurface." Prof. Hunt assumed
lhat. IN tbs creation, "Tls vast u1nss OF solil
matlors would arrange themselves at the cosstro
ot ths globe ehi'9 the surface would b. sorosoa
nent II. Poieson inagines that, III the globe
over passed from : aery liquid ethss 10 .
solid form by radiation Of heat (which
ho stouly qusasiops] the cen!tal nnc!eu..
s ssnsoia.s aAfS s 'ifas Hfoa in sSo S sso Of ~.
assumptions 1ook7
Mr. Coplsy ne1t objects 70 my a.sertIon tint
oil Misunderstanding, all aubstances ia ths
eAEth'a Btsats,-exceps leo. increase In density
and vaight when cooling, aod InntancoB lrou,
ENC antimony and blsmuth, as exceptions.
Now, wo tod tho contraction, aud houco fnorenso
'tnlnerela uAen roduoed from ala leg. 10 o. dog.
T., to bo, for IRON .00ll, xIuo .0029. anti,nouy
.Q0l1. and bihmuth .oo!4 But 1t Ia, neyertho-
less, we'll known that, in consradiatinctlon 70
Monai minerals aro sepatased from othcr ingre-
atants into sho!E metallio form, And ers tl.eu
fused and cooled, they lncrcasa IN bulk,-thta
condition being owing to the greater separation
r shotf rasaGa foush s1a sta
Iolsted iastancos and In iusppIeoiapts
Quantities, originally occur IN thus metal
10 form ("hich they should certainty
but arc chemically combined ID tho form Of oroI
with other minerals that very materially modify
tLelr exceptional qualities. Wore your oosfo
spoNdent to produces us tnlno Of Pig or cast
Iron or natalLq zinc, Ills argument might hss'
Mr, uoo!oy finally attacks ny denial ol
igneouH origin to granite Encks, and Aasuules tAR
"Gatiy eousrsdiut" al eminent gooloGistss ane
cannot addnco any proofs fos NY assertion. Th'
me, il, that. In bis apparent lask OF my prAo
bis rollauoe upon school texs.hooks vhtah Il
most caAaa arc uaetaly compilations from odihon
Of standard works Of tau or twenty yeass ago
BY parsons htYing 1t best tho meteut sheoretica
stnatserng Of tho science, TO hsa quite Mise
ths wonderful lights thrown upon geology. IL
Youngest OF soiences, In Its p,sseut epoch o
transformation fron, seEiss OF merely apeonla
I've hyposhssaa 10 elucltlA.ed faots. Hanos he
tef1te4 out Of tho moutha OF the only alnfncp
authorities ho rofegs so,--Dana aud Lyell.
The foundation upon which the hypothesis OF
au!d, tncandesoeut world was In the first estAh
ashed was the bslcf, then daaned uu1uasuon
Ab!e: In ths tgneoua origin OF granite tn otha
sotds, that granite was tho primitive basis Q
~ sola earth perfected in ls form. o. in fae
Nary formation upon Il. But. many years $50.
"a dissovared that granite broke through IN
oyetlasd secondary lepositss that 1t alternate
Wlsh limeslono containing organic romaInH an
@ !nas 1t 1s Of testialy sgs, - proven on Mon
nlaao Aad otaer poztlona Of tho Alpa. persor
s!ly found 1t, during. = geological eurYey .
Northern Aoxlco cappiog tbs norsr pl!oesne
aaa ns4s Enentpa. eonoIA distinctly everything
sed 9f mari, whero SECURED specimen con
posed OF aeml-tEnnspatpnk quartz and xeddLs