davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30

does not ask journalists to dine with
him. Descending to particulars, we
learn that one proprietor Of Republican
newspaper-n name unhappily not given
so resented this failure Of courtesy that
he vowed I've would never forgive the
president; and he kept his vow. s'l'rob-
ably" says this singularly well Informed
chronic1er, "there arc not three Journal
lists in the whole country who have ever
been invited to his table, Nothing more
need be said to account for the criticism
to which the public acts OF this inhospit-
able chief magistrate have sometimes
been subjected. There could be no bet
ter authority than the writer Of this
eulogy, for he, we are permitted to. know,
IL one of three who hare been asked. He
knows. and tells u, what goes on at din
ner and alter dinner. l must take leave
to quote part Of his account, which will
perhaps have some novelty for American
readers:
After dinner, just as the president is
lighting his cigar and beginning to hope
for quiet evening, in come batch Of
visitors from Minnesota or Oregon, to
tell him how politics Is looking out their
way, and to assure him that Squash. the
postmaster. ought to be turned out, and
Pumpkin, who Is right smart man, put
In. But If, when the callers are at last
got rid offor the night, you happen to be
alone with the president, you will won-
der by what perversty he ever came to
be described as ''silent' or sdisagree.
able" man. For he will talk with much
freedom and animation, and with far
greater information and good sense than
most men can bring to bear upon any
subject they may have In hand II you
have the good fortune to turn the con-
versation into some purely American
channel--say on the resources of the
country or the state of Its trade--you
will not soon forget the store of infor.
nation. marvellous in its breadth and
accuracy, ~hich will be spread out be-
fore you. His voice Is gentle and pleas
ant In its tones his choice of words
more simple and varied than even the
most practiced writers are always able to
command. He takes the deepest inter-
est in all scientific questions.
And so on. The minuteness of the
authors information is at least as re-
markable as its extent. There can be
few men who would have been capable
Of ascertaining and recording the tact
that when President Grant received in
New York "half the merchants and
bankers OF New York." to whom "he
stood all day listening with attention."
he lighted at s O'Clock in the evening his
fifteenth cigar! 1.-The present writer
saw him." having spent his day in count
ing the long succession of Havanas. Let
us solemnly commit this momentous
fact to the future historian.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30
Chaueery Notice.

Chaneery Notice.
state Of Illinois, County OF Alexander
Circuit Court Of Alexander county,
January Term, A. d., 1877.
Henry Whitcsmp vs.. Ella Reid, Andrew
Reid, Mary Stubbs, Zephaniah Stubbs, Rosa
Burress and William Huse, in Chancery
To Zephaniah Stubs one of the above
named defendants. Affidavit having been
tiled In the Office OF the clerk of said court,
that you Zephaniah Stubs, on due inquiry
cannot be found, you are hereby notified
that the complainant flied his bill of com.
paint In said Court on the ChaLcery side
thereof on the 23d day OF August, A. d. 1876.
and that summons thereupon issued out
OF said court against said defendants, re-
turnable on the first Monday of September,
A. D., 1876, as is by law required. and that
said summons was returned az to you "not
found"
Now, therefore, unless you, the said
Lephsniah Stubbs, shall personally lie and
appear before the said Circuit Court of Al.
exander County on the first day OF the next
term thereof, TO be holden ut the court
house 10 the city of Cairo, in said county,
on the first Monday Of January, A. II. 1877,
and plead. answer or demur to the said
complainant's bill Of complaint, the same,
and the matters and things therein charged
aud stated, will be taken as confessed, and
decree entered against you according to
the prayer of said bill.
REUBEN S. YOCUM, Clerk.
FISHER Il WHEELER,
Complainant's Solicitors.
November Is, A. D., 1876. oaw-4w
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30
Or. G. MclANE'S
LIVER PILLS.

These Pills arc not recommended
as a remedy for "all the ills that
flesh is heir to-" but in affections of
the Liver, and in all Bilious Com
plants, Dyspepsia and Sick Head
ache, or diseases of that character,
they stand without a rival.
AGUE AND FEVER.
No better cathartic can he used
preparatory to, or after taking Qui-
nine.
As q simple purgative they are
II lnaleI.
BEWARE OF INVITATIONS.
The genuine are never sugar
coated.
Zach box has red wax seal on
iha lid, with tho impression DIR.
MpLANEs LIVER Puts. RI
Each wrapper bears signatures
ct 9. McLANE AMI FLEMING BRos.
Sold by all respectable druggists
and country storekeepcrs generally.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30
FAST MAIL ROUTE OF the .. s.

Is the mos, dire ct:-e9nvenien mt and econom.
zeal way Of reaching Philadelphia aud this
great exhibition from all sections OF the
country. Its trains loo and from Philadel-
phia viii pass throuffh a grand Centepn sl
| acpol, HEB the company has erected at
the main entrance to the Exhibition
grounds for the accommodation of pas sen.
gers who Wi h 10 stop ut or start from the
numerous large hotels contiguous to this
| station anc the Exhibition-a convenience
OF the greatest value 10 visit ors, and Afford
cd exclusively by The Pen nsy lvrnia Rstl.
Dad, which is the only line running dire ct
o the Centennial buildings. Excursion
| rains will a lso stop at the EncamJ me nj Of
he Patrons OF Husbaudry, st Elm Station
on this road.
The Pennsyivabia Railroad Il the or and
est railway organization in the world. 1t
controls seven thousand miles Of roadway.
forming continuous lines TO Philadelphia,
New York. Baltimore, and washipgtou.over
which luxurious day aud night ears are
run from Chicago. St Louis, Louisville, Gin.
cinnati. indianapolis, columbus, Toiedo,
Cleveland and Erie withous change.
Its main line is laid wife double and third
tracks OF heavy steel rails.upon . deep bed
OF broken stone ballast, md Its bridghs are
all OF iron or stone. Its passenger trains
are equipped with every known improve
ment for comfort and safety, and are run at
faster speed for greater distances thin the
ttaius VI uuy INC on Tue tOntlnenL Inc
company mas frgeiy increased its equip
ment for cedtennialtrayel,a and will be pre-
pared to build in its own shops, at short
notice sufficient to fully accommodate any
any extra demand. The unequalled re.
sources at the command Of the company
OF the company guarantee the most perfect
accommodations for all its patrons during
the Centennial Exhibition.
The magnifce mt scenery for which the
Pennsylvania Railroad j. so Justly celebra-
ted presents to the traveller over its perfect
roadway an ever-changinp panorama of
river mountain and landscape views une-
qualed in America.
The eating sta tons on this line are I'M
surpassed. Ne ais vii. be furnished at suit
able hours and ample time allowed for en-
Joying them.
Excursion tick ets. at reduced rates, will
be sold at all the principul railroad ticket
offices in the Yves /, Northwest and South.
west.
BE sure that your tickets read v ia the
Great Pennsylvania route to the enten-
NAL.
FRANK THOMSON, ID. NJ. BOYD, Jr,,
Gen. Manager. Gen. Pass'r Agt
Jy2.w7m
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30
,,;;..,,,. y
-----<e-----@
rHlLApELh

This great International Exh>
signed to commemorate The one No. II
anniversary OF American Indepene nee.
opened May ION, and will close November
lOth, 1875. An the nations pf tbs, world
aud all the states and territories Of the I'm.
ion are partici pating In this wonderful de-
monstration, bringing together the most
comprehensive collection tf art treasures.
mechanical inventions, scieatific discover.
cries, manufacturing schievemsnSs. miner.
al specimens, and agricultural products
ezcr exhibited. The grounds devoted To
the exhibition are situated ON the line Of
the Pennsy lvania Railroad and embrace $50
acres of Paramount Park, all highly i'm
proved and 0rnaniented, on which are
erected the largest buildings ever constsuc-
ted--five Of these covering an area Of fifty
acres aud costing 5000, 900. The total
number of buildings erected for the bur.
poses of the exhibition IL near two hum
dred. During the thirts days Immediately
following the opening Of the exhibition =
million and Guaiter of people visited it.
THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD
THE GREAT TRUNK LINE
FAST MAIL ROUTE OF THE y. s.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30

lIOndon Correspondence VI The n. Y. Tribune. /
President Grant has found q eulogist
In = well-known London weekly, more
remarkable, perhaps, for gossiping yivac-
ity than for any solder quality. lie fig-
ures In series OF "Celebrlties at Home"
Among good many striking statements.
the most striking rs the explanation OF
tue hostility OF the American press to the
president. 1t arises from the fact that Re
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30

BkH Master
I'D. AuoNAs. .........s..... ...tlerk
Leaves Cairo every SATURDAY.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30

COCO Can't Dc maie by every agent
0O0S every month Ia the business Ne
furnish, but those willng 20 work ran easily
earn y dozen dollars . day right in tkeigow lo-
calitiss. Have no room 70 ex plain hero. rusi-
.si ss a. !. ~s ss eS We eli
YOU complete ontht fiee. The business pay
better thai anything else. We win besi ca
pense Of starting you. Psrtienlen nee. write
and daughters. and I'll claases in need ~ pAying
work 1t home, should write 70 ~ ard leaso al
about the work at onne. Now u The tims
Don't delay. Address Tnrs 4 Co, Aa&sssa,
Maine,
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30

Having Pckad the Complete Stock of MOudi"gs and M Picture
Framing apparatus of the late firm of Rockwell Co., prepared
frame of Petsrs Aamactre Windc Moulding and Cn
amdd o:aN kinds of rork in this line.
you have Cromo, bring them as for ~os"'~S and framing
you of any kind bring them AMI arny
pn.. ,o c;lmak ornaments your and dOsny
Ordvsoddre..sa to f. A. BURNETT wu promptly
PatrOniZe Home Enterprise;
Give the Old Man and the Young Man Chance!
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30
DR.. james.
Lock Hospital,
- ossPdfl
CORNER

COHH8H
Washington
Rnd Fran Kiln
n treets. shi.
eagO. lIlsss0is.
Chartered by the
State Of Illinois
for the cypress
purpose OF giving
immediate rclisf
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30

n all cases of private, chronic, and urinary di-
seases in all their complicated forms. II Is well
known that DIR James has stood at the head 81
the profession for the past ~ years. Age and
experience are all-important. seminal weak.
Mess, Yight losses by dreams pimplcs On the
face. lost manhood. can positively be curted
ladies wanting the most delicate attention. call
or write. Pleasant home for patients. book
for the million. Marriage Guide. which tells
you all about these diseases who should marry
--whv MOTTO cents to pay postage. br 5amfs
has 80 rooms and parlor You ace no one bls
DAYS, 10 10 ~, All business strictly cenG<keA
iaI. <-2e-dAw-ly.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1876-11-30
DR.. WHITTIER,
6l7 St. Charles street, 81. Louie, Mo.
DR.. WHITTIER

Treats all forms of Veneral Diseases, Semi
nal Emissions and Sexual Debility, with
unparalleled success. No matter who failed,
cali or write; pamphlet or consultation free.
Can refer to the medical profession in all
parts Of the Country
, 1876-01-23
DEATHS.

! DEATHS.
| HoNAS-hnrgazet Agnes, daughter Of william mi
! Anuie uonan~
Funeral from resiaence Of her parents, 4s1 Twenty.
sixth street, Suuaay Ut 1o:ao H., by carriages to Cal
t1~ New York papers please copy.
CHAMDERS-JAn- Il. Of consumption ut the Rrs
Of 50 years, Ara. Bridget Chambers, wife Of John
Funeral from her 1ato residence No. 1871 West Tveu
ty-hrst street, Sunday, JIM. r. at 10 O'Clock H. H. ia
Friends of tho family invited 70 attend Without
further notice.
. buffalo N. ~ papers plesse copy.
JoaSsoS-Jsn- u, Mary E. johnson, daughter Of
and II days. 'S' "'o0NN1'
~ Milwaukee papers please copy.
MAxWE11-At Woods Hotel, Jan. %, George ".
MAXWELL. aged as Years. Remains will be takan to
Pentwater. Mich. for interment-
BRoWN-Jan. 19, Lucy HELEN, daughter Of G. q.
snd r r Brown, aged months and 10 days.
sAKGEST-of :s. aropsy, Jan. 1s. At the old home
Sargent, xged Il.
TunSER-Entered Into rest On Sunday afternoon
1an. IT, 1876. In New York City, Horace Wheaton Tur-
OF Chieano Ill: a9ed years. 10 months. Prscooous,
Intelligent, aud bright t-far in aayance Of ono Of
biz yoars: uniformly loving and anectionase
sbort Hfe nneiou1ed By T singie ii I'! isu1t'@ ~
thia blow falls with crushing xsieht upon
f4vored Natures chocest gifts, xho WA 50 Hi
IA future promise, and an only son in whom were
eenered all the fondest hopes and brghtess anticpa-
tons Of hs parents should thus curly in Life ba taken
from hen Il Of those unrevealed mysteries Of cur
Heavenly Father that human intellect has ever VT
been able to recoacte and which 1nakes tbs believers
task so difficult to say In sincerity, Thy will be doue-
fcr three weeks the insidious disease bafed tho con-
atant watchfuness aud Of his xki1fl rhyaciana
the ceaseless attention Of large circle Of aectionate
sympathizing friends. and every earthly effort that
could 10 extended to aside the arrow Of the de-
stroyer When at last this lamb fell asleep in tho loving
arms Of the Good Shepherd. it was without single
struggle With entire freeom from all suffering Or
pain, and with that calm angelic sweetut OF counr
tenance which gnve abundant assurance th.t-
Ills eyes unbeclouded were looking abroad
On the river Of Life and tho city Of God.
On scenes which no pencil or pen can portray
Where the splendors Of Eeageu INCREASINGLY pl.y
10 Chicago papers copy.
, 1876-01-23
Division Of the city. which is it's bsliEick ahoot
40 nilos Of pipe, distributed ~ toiIowa:
Size il inches.



OF this Company are situated at tho enrnar ri
Centre avenue and Twenty-second street. Thov
contain 800 retorts, and CONSUME q daily average
OF 1so tons OF coal, to which is added small per-
centas@ Of petroleum. Constant employment is
gwen to 120 men ut the works, and, except dur
log the winter months, 14o are kept bus.ly en-
gaeed on tho streets making repaira, laying new
mulns: etc. The daily production averages about
15o, 090 feet, though tho works have q capacity
Tor fully double that amount. Presi-
dent Billings Claims that there are
miles Of mains laid in the West Division
Thlch are only tapped here and there for the
purpose OF lighting the streets- The revenue
derived from the city for lighting these lamps is
nnt at present sufficient TO pay the interest on
the capital invested in these mains, but he trusts
that the time is not fsr distant when the co.,
sumption will increase to such an extent as to
give employment to tho full capacity Of tbs
works, which, With mains. meters, ctc-. ire val
ued BY Mr. Billings at So, 600, 00D.
The probable avs1aRe daily receipts OF the
Company from the coneumers OF gas and from
the sales Of coke are in the vicinity Of 81 800.
From this must be deducted the cost OF the coal
and oil reed. say 51o0; wages, S400; leaving
$500 to be devoted to tho payment OF interest
on bonds repaira Of machinery, etc. With
double the consumption the account would stand
somewhat thu. Receipts, 50 GOO; cost Of coal,
81 400; wages 9400 leaving $500 to 60 to the
payment Of interest On bonded indebtedness,
repairs, dividends, etc.
TEE SOUTH SIDE GAS COMPANY |
has about l9o miles Of main in the North and J
South Divisions, 1t also has two completa |
works, and an immense holder capab1e Of con- |
talug ST ,017 600 cubic feet OF the illuminating
material. Tho mains are distributed in about |
he following manner:
, 1876-01-23
4 Locomotive Side walk.


One Of the most singular objects to be dis
played at the Centennial Exhibition will sbe q
section Of travelling sidewalk, An American in
vention for solving the problem OF 11pid transit
in cities. This travelling sidewalk, as it ia gen-
orally called, but moro properly an endless rail-
way train, will BE- half mile in length, operated
By stationary engines. and run at Z speed Of
from IS to 20 miles an hour. The transfer seats,
aud ali other appliances, will be OF the same sizo
- those intended for general uss, bY which
means PASSENGERS may get on or on tEo train
with case and safety without Stacking the speed
Of the train. A company is organizing ia this
city, with = capital Of 800 600. for the purpose
OF displaying this unique machine. Among its
corporatnrs are Peter Cooper George Hoffman,
Samuel G. Courtney, Capt. Spencer, and Il. A.
Telhune- The whole work is expected to cost
about s7s, 900, and will be operated for exhibi~
ton. with . charge to those who ride upon it.
This novel mode OF travelling has attracted much
attention of late and charters for putting it in
to practice in New York city were twice passed
by both branches Of the Legislature. but vetoed
by Gov. Dix II being an experiment. It il the
purpose Of tue Company, after the close Of the
exhibition, to tran sport tho road and exhibit it
in London and Paris, and other clties.
, 1876-01-23

pee; received the trunk at his house In June
iass; dld not see Bisoee and tho trunk together
a'd not know how long this trunk hzd tcau ID
thls city before he received it had tbs trunk at
n's houso unt1l he received subpoena to briue
II IN court; had examined thu trunk himself .
no one else had; no one won't through tho
contents Of the trunk while ho had pos-
session; held the trunk "a ~ officer. and con-
sldered the contonts as sacred; made no H.
ventory Of what was in the trunk; it was not
selzed upon BY process OF law: cot II volun~
ta11ly; DO oae had applied to him to have tho
1fqnk opened; the trunk had broken lock,
:. IN his crose-examinauon witness etated th.t
the trunk waB loft with him as the batanca ~
the estate Of James Reed. -
It was shown that the trunk was mt de1;rarea
up TO Dixon until four days after Reeds arrest
th1o ana %es th1t bis evidence would
pers, but it did not. His testimony was fha
last taken, when Court adjourned uutil to-mor-
row morning at 10 O'Clock
Mr. Tuthill one Of the attoroeya Yor Raad
Th,le Reed Has Ia jail, says he went to Pbila-
oe.pma oniy as one Of hia attorneys to get pa-
to do With the case. ~ ''''>N
, 1876-01-23
French DuelN.

There aro many reasons why duels rarely end
fatally. Ali the gunsmiths keep pistols warrant
ed not to hit barn door At ton PAGES. They
are grooved ali sorts Of ways they are made so
Light that the least load OF powder sends them to
the skios; the trigger is made so hard the hand
pulls the pistol higher than even the skies tho
hammer 1a weighted, aud has such powerful
sprlng the barrel ia knocked down. Moreover,
the seconds always take care to oTer}oad, that
the pistol no matter how carefully aimed, may
bounce over the objsct. Lastly, but by no
means leastly, there is the emotion insepaeabte
from maiden appearance in tho pars OF target
Tor an enemya loaded pistol It is incredible
no" fast eyelids will snap under these circum-
for kebruQ.Y,
, 1876-01-23
MARRIAGES.


DEyESEY.a11BEnT--on the 10th tnst 1t tae
Jamea Mclaughlin. Mr. Daveney Of Chicago. and
Miss Gilbert, Of Aonmouth, Ill. No cards.
W1SNER-FURNEss-At tho residence of the
brides cousin. III. G. l. Wing. Elmwood. Ill., Thurs
siay, Jan ~, 1870, by the Rev l. ]. Van Wagner Al
bert Wisner, 81 Chicago, aud Annie E. FuIness, Of
brooklyn, N. Y.
SaEHBY-TlTSWOnTH-T evening, Jan.
20. bY the Rev. Dr. w. w. Ererts ut the residence OF
her parents. 54 Calomes-av., III. J. Howard sherby
Of New York, and Miss LAURA 8. Ellsworth No cards
HALLoWELI-PEACock ock-Jan. 10, at the residence
o. tae or1des aister 1l26 Wabashavt By the Rev O.
H. Tiffany. Marshall 7. Halloweu and Josie A. Pea-
cocE, both Of this city
ATWOOD -DEERs Til 1rsday evening, At the resi-
dence Of Tie bride'a parents, 6ui Vcrnon-2v by the
daughter Ut JOHN Deers, Esq, OF this city.
CHAPMAN-AiKEN- 20, BY the Rev. J, Nc
Lsnghlnt Alexander Chapman and lfrs. Julis p
Aiken.
, 1876-01-23
An nE1-Con:ressmnn FHas Three Fin.
gefs aud f&i& Nose Broken In n
Fight.

Hannibal {Jfo.) Clipper.
Afr. James G. Blair, prominant ,.vva- ~
hewls County. who formerly represented this
District III Congress. was arguing case before
Grand Jury at Edna the other day, aud In th a
course Of his renarks said some things to which
one Strange, who was in tho room, took objection.
A5 Blair Was going out Of Court at tue conc]u-
sion Of his argument. he Was met at the door by
Strange, who accosted him IN rather abusive
language. called hlm scoundrel, and charred
him With theft. Blair then struck Stranre
blow. but the blow reacted upon h,mself, break
IL reported, then struck BLAIR q heavy blow nnon
the nose, breaking it, and seriously dishguring
bis face. Di&r MAS couined to bed for soyerai
day6.
, 1876-01-23

The total feet make 40S miles and fraction,
- The Board Of Public Works are not now put
ing down aug more Of 4-iuch pipe, and it is
Expected that In 3 abort t1me Ill tho pipes OF
thoee aizes. and in addition about one.haK Of
- Ae e-'nch maane in the thickly-ssttlod portions
II the city. will be Abandoned
Al odd intervals during tbs past week a
AR18oSR reporter eodeavored TO obtain from
mote In position 70 know complete Statistical
aecount Of tbs
aosf OF 1Hk soU7a AND ExsT 81DE GAS coH-
PANiES
ne1 actnai daily production, consumption, cost
u runa'ng. and receipts. for the purpose Of
nak!ag 80 noar - possible correct coupsri-
se soa ess"aen thu gaa and water systems Of the
sHtJ' sonae Of The figures required could not bo
~ nl'at iAs faro,tar did sucosed In obtain
3E VIII te {uund baluH,
T. 2as RAst 6tds GA Company hax lid In kha3
, 1876-01-23

aotal' 3,o70,B00
From the balance Of $318, 500 must be deduct-
ed the amount set apart a. sinkiug-fund for
the redemption OF the boads-Ray per cent,
*l5oooO. and the amount annually required for
the extension Of tie malna to the outskilts OF
the city.
From the foregoing data which havo been OBJ
tained from the Board OF Public Works aud the
otficers Of tbs two gas companies. it Is apparent
that
TIE CITY COULD NOT MANUFACTURE GAS
at fguro below 81 per 1000, without sustain
ing loss 70 he made good BY direct taxation.
Although it is conceded BY all Who hare given
tho subject any study, that gas as we'll aa
water and improved streets and highways.
should be supplied by municipal authority,
and respectable minority OF tue Aldermen and
even the gas men themselves concuc therein it
is questionable at the present time, it it be safe
or prudent for the city to embark in an enter
prise OF SO much magnitude. The figures given
above are based On maximum consumption.
Should tho consumption be OF only medium
character. it ia evident that the city could not
operate the works except at = loss, which would
hATa to be provided for in the annual tar levy.
, 1876-01-23
"-'.''''"'.- "~~.'@*----..---.....t6l ,0o1.12
From tho foregoing it will be seen that the

From tho foregoing it will be- aeep that the
fe3enue derived from the water eenss paid ali
me expenses Of the deDartmenh repairs, and
surplus OF s88, s61.52, OF a divideud Of neariv
~ per oent on the capital invested. The mu-
n;capI authorities do not clam that the Water
Morks should be run as source Of profit. All
they require is shat the department should be- 1n
eno me- stFietast sense self-suppo1ting one, and
"1tn this the people are fully sa.,s6ed:
ne a. rate per 900 gallons being only 10 cepts'
10 prices charged in other cities a1e from 50.tn
aU per cent higher. II will Do seen from the fol-