The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1876-06-04

boston the rates OF ocean fretGhts
from thence 70 Europe have been
less generally than from New York.
With uniform grain rates from Chi
oago 10 the chief Atlantic cities, this In
crease will be not only maintained, but
Will continue TO grow. While the United
States Is the granary of the world, New
York IL the great storehouse and outlet
from whence our breadstuffs are distrib-
uted to our principal customers, Great
Britain, Germany, France, Spain, and
Portugal.
None Of the European grain centres can
at oil approach Chicago. Buffalo, and New
York In the magnitude of thcirgrain oper-
atoms. The largest annual receipts Of
-four and grain ever known at one point,
107, 273, 1853 bushels, were received in New
York In 1874; the receipts at Buffalo in
1873 run up to 100, 4o1, 223 bushels; in the
same year 1873 Chicago attained Its high
est figure. 100, 1870, t01 bushels. The receipts
at Philadelphia in 1874 were A,625,591
bushels. The receipts at Baltimore, 1885,
208 bushels. In word, the real impor-
lance Of New York as grain shipping port
10 shown when we state that the total de-
liveries Of -four and grain at the seven chief
Atlantic seaboard cities. New York Boston
Portland, Montreal. Philadelphia, Baiu-
more, and New Orleans, during the year
1874, amounted to 200, 497, 4se bushels, of
which as we have already seen New York.
received 107 ,273,15s bushels, or more than
one half.
The future growth of the exports of
-four and grain from this centre cannot be
measured. During the last six years II has
increased from N,97s, eco bushels In 1860 TO
107, 243, 1853 bushels In 1874. With undi-
minished land resources, we can supply
almost any conceivable demand. In the
very nature of things that demand must
largely increase. Our principal customer,
Great Britain, received from this port
alone, from Sept. 1, 1874, TO Sept. 1, 1875, of
wheat n, s71, 264 bushels; of corn, 10. 4ss, 993
bushels In the very best crop years she
looks abroad for bread. With popula-
ton Of over 10000 900. In 1875, her sup
posed requirements Of wheat and -four for
home consumption mot including seed, at
the rate Of 81 bushels per capita, amount
ed to q, EOS, 12s quarters, OF which she i'm
ported IL ,770372 quarters. During the last
ten years she has ann ually imported
enormous quantities Of -four and wheat
running all the way from Z, 652, 627 quarters
in 1sG6-67. TO 1898, 423 quarters In 1s72-73
While her total home production of wheat
falls so largely short OF her requirements
for home consumption, the acreage of the
United Kingdom, including the Channel
Islands, under crops Of grain has actually
diminished from III ,053 acres In 1870 to
II ,36s, 059 acres in 1875. 1t will thus be seen
how entirely Great Britain is dependent on
foreign countries for very nearly fifty per
cent Of the bread annually eaten by over
32,000,oO0 of people, and how extremely
precarious becomes her situation In the
case OF the failure or partial failure of her
grain crops
In the event Of such calamity to the
people of Great Britain, their principal
sources Of supply would be from this coun-
try. The natural aud artificial facilities
for transportation by water in North
America are unequalled by any other great
division of the earth; and the railway
facilities are unparalleled. The United
States and the Canadas share alike in these
mixed transportation facilities, and are
competitors for the vast and growing car
| rying trade between the interior and the
| Atlantic seaboard ports. The low rates of
transportation from the interior to the
seaboard have enabled the United States
| TO supply more than one-half OF the wheat
and -four imported into Great Britain.
while we have almost the monopoly Of
British corn imports-pamely: in 1874 the
total imports of maize into the United
Kingdom were II. 693 625 cwts., OF which the
United States supplied 13,454,617 owts. In
1874 the United States sent TO Great Britain.
Of wheat, q. ZOE, O62 cwts., and British North
America only I2O6,eo2 cwts. Russia Mol
davia, wallachia, Turkey, and the Austrian
territories are being gradually driven out
OF the grain markets of Great Britain, by
our ability to lay down American grain in
British ports at such rates as almost defy
competition.