The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1876-05-31

Ottoman colony within its walls and the erection
Of mosque the capital OF Eastern Christianity. But
now the tide OF turned against the Turkish
conqueror Tmour the Tartar, at tho head Of an i'm
mense army fresh from the conquest OF Persia and
Central ASIA mot Bajazct the plains OF Angora and
after desperate battle. defeated and captured tho
Sultan who died in l403 OF vexation and grief At his
defeat and captivity. His successors were
NAHoxEr AnrRAr H.,
whose reigns were not signalized by any re-
markable advance OF the Turkish Indeed,
the latter named Sultan, although successful In
maintaining his hold the European portion OF
his Empire, twice defeated by the celebrated
Hungarian, John Hunyady who commanded an army
OF Poes Servians, wallachians and Germans, which
forced Amurat to abandon the siege OF Belgrade In
l44o After temporary retirement from the cares
OF government Amurat again took up arms TO chas-
tisc the King OF Poland for a breach OF armstice and
in 1444 defeated the latter varna with great slaugh
ter In l44s his vengeance gratned by tho signal
defeat OF Hunyady Kassova He died in l45o aud
was succeeded By his son,
MAnoxEr IL,
the conqueror OF Constantnope On the 9Th Of April
l453, Mahomct commenced the siege with an army OF
250, 600 and 40 vessels Of all 1t during
this celebrated siege that monster guns wcre first
used BY the Turks and Greek nre, incendiary
compound, was applied for the purposes Of the de-
fence. After OF terrible combats, whic b
Ianaticism and despair lent an almost miraculous
power tho Of tho contendlng forces. tho city
captured on tho Goth OF May Tho Greek Emperor
FELL fighting the last his unfortunate capital
abandoned TO all tho horrors Of pago and slaughter
So great was the dssolaton caused by this ter
rible event that even the heart OF Mahomct
relented, and no endeavorcd 10 repeoplc the city
by recalling the fugitive Greeks and according them
many privileges such the free exercise OF their rel
gion, induccmcnt return With Constantine
plo fell the Empire Of Constantine tho Great 1,l25
years alter the rebuilding OF the city by that
monarch. Mahomcl II. followed up his triumph
Ut Constantinoplc by a series Of important
movements on the line OF the Danube and was
far successful rcoccupy Servian territory
which had been partly wrestcd from tho Porto during
preceding reigns and TO compel John Hunyady the
most active opponent Of the Turks TO make peace and
pay tribute TO tho Sultan Under Mahomct tho
Greek Archipelago attacked by Turkish fleets and
many important islands added TO tho Ottoman
Empire but the Turks defeated their second at
tempt TO capture Belgrade, although this check was
than counorbaanccd by the conquest Of Greece,
which accomplished under the personal direction
Of tho Sultan. He also defeated the venctans at Negro
pont in 1470 However, although tho Turkish conqucsts
were marked by the most terrible devassations and
slaughter OF the conquered they sometimes met
and checked by Christian valor In l475 Soliman
Pacha at the head OF 100 900 men. invaded Moldava
to enforce the payment Of tribute by the reignng
prince, but E;icnnc almost destroyed tho Turkish
forces in battle and the surviving few found refuge in
tho territory south Of tho Danube alter which all the
important along that recaptured
by the Moldavians The Unsuitable ambition and mill
tary skill OF the Sultan also rewarded by the
quest OF the and the subsequent destruction OF
Moldavan Independence But it at Rhodes that
defeat the hands OF the Christian Knights OF ST.
John. The engineering skill displayed at this famous
siege marks it the commencement OF tho mod
crn system Of warfare Artillery may DO said to have
for tho first tmc performed its junction brcachug
arm in the attack Rhodes but the valor OF tho
Christian defenders proof against the terrors In
spircd by this and formidable engine. Death
found Mahomet preparing for expedition into Asia,
afor Tho conquest OF tho Eastern Empire ami that OF
Trebixond, which included moro than 200 towns and
seven kingdoms He well earned tho t':lc of Soon
qucror" and expired suddenly the 3D. OF May, l4sL
Mahomet succeeded by
BAJAzEr IL,
his son Selim, and grandson Soliman the Great Tn
der the former the war against the Modavans was
successfully wascd and In 1926 treaty Of commerce
was established with the Russian Gear, Ivan Ill.
Tho venetians wero defeated at sapienza In
1912 revolt or the Janssares and tho people OF Con-
stantnops caused the Sultan TO abdcate in favor or
his
Who, during a short but bloody reign or eight
years, conquered the Persians at Iaurb and Al
Egypt, and died in 1920.
soLrxAS
succeeded him This remarkable man was sue
ccssfal in the third siege OF Belgrade, . city
which had hitherto dc6cd capture by tho Turks,
and also tho second siege Of Rhodes, which
became part Of tho Turkish Empire.
In 1924 Soiman conquered Hungary after de-
cisyo baltic near Mohacs and dcsoated tho country
with nrc and sword In 1929 bcsicged Vienna after
taking possession Of aPcslh but failed to take tho
Austrian capital owing TO autumnal rains which
threatened 10 cut OF his line OF retreat An invasion
OF Germany took pacein 1852, bat when strongly
trcnched on tho Danube, the German Emperor mado
the Sultan proposals OF peace which accepted by
the latter After series of successful expeditions
which added much glory to his rcgn Soliman died In
1861 Ho was the contemporary or Henry VIII.
Of England, Francis !. OF France, Charles v. or
Germany and Pope Leo ", and rvsed them In
tho masnncencc OF his reign, but far surpassed them
In tho extent OF his conquesis HIS son
sELIM H.
ascended tho throne and conquered Arabia, but the
power Of the Ottoman Empire It's first fatal
shock under this ruler The Christian nations organ
ICED fleet under the command OF Don John OF Aus
tria consisting OF moro than ZOO ships from Spain,
Rome and Venice and, meeting the Turkish feet at
Lcpanto completely destroyed IL Tho reign selim
marked the commencement of the decadence OF Turk.
sh power Europe and under
AMuIAr H.
his SUCCESSOR who died In 1895, tho Turkish suf
fered many great fields that formerly wero
the scenes OF their greatest victories
nAHoMEr III,
who relieved himself from prospective family embar-
by numbering nineteen OF his brothers after
he had assembled tho throne, suffered many defeats
which fatal to his power that his son and sue
found cxpcdicnt to conclude treaty Of peace
with the Christian nations and thus acknowledge the
wanc OF Islamism In Europe
NrsTAruA AND osxAx IL
In 1917 the scmi.idotsc Mustspha was promptly de-
posed osman IL, who. in turn, murdered by his