davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
he Bifsct Of Exercise.

It Is. pEnd by ogasrvatiioni that tic,
effect Off training,;a9or the persistent
use Of r mnastie exercises, is to enlarge
the hea. s%and lungs both in size and
capacit.5 Archibald McClaren, super
intendenS of the Oxford gymnasium,
and author of "Physicai Education.
says.: /" One of the army officers sGnt!!
to mo be instructea in gymnastics:
gained j "a inches in girth around the
I Chest mi ;lAi kess than three mOntbs.n That
this ara 18th ;S ;S ii0t a ,iiaiIs bY stiIe
Nero s. s 1satrgement of the 3heatioraI
muscles lis proved by the increased
volume ,bf air, which the lungs are sem
abled tetexpire,- as is demonstrated by.
the spfometer, and post mortems
abundaltly show an increased capacity
as we'll .&s size in the heart and large
blood Vessels. The lungs increase in
length Ind breadth, forcing the ribs
outward and the diaphragm downwards.
It is fdt this reason that athletes and
gymnashs arc enable to make prolonged
and vio4 ent exertions without getting
ont of wind. The capacity of the heart
and central arteries being enlarged,
they can accommodate more blood.
Their cbntractile power being increased
by this new demand upon them, they
are enabled to send on the current
through the lungs with increased We.
locity, and thus by their greater capac-
ity are able to oxygenize the blood as
fast as it is supplied to them, and 30 no
congestion takes place, and no incon-
venience is felt. The normal capacity
of the lungs of an adult male is about
200 cubic inches. It is computed that
an enlargement of three inches around
the chest gives an increase of fifty
inches of lung capacity.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
A Partisan Extrayagance.

a - IL - - t.aza fEs- a.
Writes Paris correspondent !. Fur
niture and utensils for doll houses are
in great request this winter, and a large
wholesale house that is exclusively de-
voted to this branch of prod has
done larger trade this year than ever
before. This house employs go hands,
male and female, all the year round.
and turns out this class OF toys to the
amount of ESQ. 900 per annnm. The
cher pest set Of furniture turned ont
by this firm consists of box made Of
deal, q glass decanter, two dishes, and
four plates OF china, two glasses, q pew
ter dish cover, two knives, forks, and
spoons the whole for three sous.
From this price the tets mount up by
regular gradations until they reach the
absurd Price of e240; no fewer than
six sets dolls house. fittings have been
sold this winter by this firm at this
price. These miniature articles, care
fully arranged in cases of morocco
leather, consist of every variety of OBJ.
/ jcct in silver, silver gilt, fine porcelain,
sparkling crystal, delicate leather, cost
~ woods, ivory, bronze, silk, velvet,
&o., the whole thing being of the most
exquisite workmanship. The same
house sells the highest classes Of dolls,
with their t,'ouSsea,sr, at tho modest
prico Of .e12D each.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
Bv the Pacific

When the tide is cut, Panama lies
stranded ian inland town. It looks
odd TO see vast troops of buzzards
blackening here and there the sea-
weed --bnt they are the ecavengera of
the tropics; their lives protected by
law, and thoir swift scent for carrion is
really the protection of the epeople from
miasmas that else would room be pesti-
lence. Panama is denee little place,
huddlFd upon q rocky peninsula juttiog
into tile sen from tho base of tue vol.
oaiiio Anenn Leaving tho pier, one
follows q rather struggling street, which
Winds among negro huts, grog-s,lops,
and many curious varieties Of real
estate and live stock, until it delivers
him within tho walls mo gates are visi-
blo,. nsr does any one exactly know when
ho g. Is inside, excepi by u vague feel,
ing tint he il in--uhare sembiapces of
paving Il a3 side walksappear thnro is
an occasional corner with its side street;
the fonses indulge in vorandaa, some
times of three stories; queer looking
ehops--ineluding some where beef is
sold by tho yard-get thicker; mulep,
donkssys, dogs, poultry, pigs, pickannin
nies, ,jgrinning glfls and turkey buzzards
abc,tnd, aud here and there an old
CHURCH la aeep, until, of sudden, yon
are in the plaza; the cathedral, with it's
two towers with their she'll -ornamented,
pyramidal termini, on whose lofty sum
mits- as we'll as ID ell inferior crevices,
ledges, and all other possible places
grass la growing, and plants ate flour.
ishing and blooming with the most as
tonishing aoncf,G lance, is on your left /;
the not very magnificent state house
and beyond it is what ie left Of the old,
md what is tntehed Of tho new nGrand'
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
REST
AK-
by A1aIosr nA1,sEs.


Burn low, oh light aud lot the darkness in Z. jtj
Let silence BIO E.s.c fatssII sounds have been
4 Let saul to body be no moro mate;
Let each, too tired, be ssyeesly desolate.
Yea, let the soul, cen M n too-!oved bride,
Turn gently from its sacred bodys side;
Loye slumber more than love turn aud be still,
Now that they both, or not, have had their will.
What matters IL 2 they both are tired to death.
They, married with tho breathing of n breath, - i
Would gather up the feet aud be at rest; assis
Content to be oblivious OF the best;
And happier no all discord TO elude,
AL bitter pain, 1n that great eoiioitude ~
That rcaches Hike hBed, cool. infinite.
Der folded hatidR and lips to memory sweet.
"a rea OF grassy waves, foarp-fringed with fow'ra
The tenderest gift OF any of onrf, :;
! For 10, tho Inst OF all, with floral vile
No WOO the mutest thing, the grave, to smile
) III ono goes gladly at tho close of the day,
5Futs ALI che plnythiniys of hiH world away =, (, q
Pulls down tho cur tain. layB his aching l,Il
And weary body on adowny bed.
Divcsted of all care, but robod in sleep,
q Not any one will make It calise to wecp;
Z. Then after one HiGh. if there be no breath,
Whatres Is kindlie ehe sleep of doaths q
O soul, we each have wearied I! Let us turn
Both breast from breast. There is more to learn
There may be Il lawn yond the midnight's pail,
But now sweet rest IL better best OF all. 81 -
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
Tall. Servents.

Mr.. Conway, in his last Commercial
letter, says: "There is no doubt thst
the Engiieh nobility have way OF EN-.
ploying servants which offers grand op.
portunlties to; rogues. In most cases
the outside Of the servants is the chief
thing. If the coachman or footman is
good looking in his livery, aud of, the!
required dimensions his character is
not inq1ired into. a we'll l.known dnke
recently advertised for "a footmans of.
exactly five feet eleven and "a, half
inches IN height, whose sole busi6 ess it
would be to stand at the back 3of his
coach beside another of like station.
A youth, now, in the. employ Of a, lady
OF my aequai ntancs, applied for the ad-
vertises. position, tand says that his
character was not asked. for ;, he was
taken iEto the servants hall and meas
ured, aud dismissed for lacking the
half inch demanded by the duke
There is passion for tallness in SER
wants, and Of one noble family at least
it is rule to admit no man servant
under s;;x feet. There are six of these
eminent personages in their fine man.
sion. .ahe English servants are good.
lookingS neat, and constitutional. fun.
keys anil funkeycsses. They are very.
shrowd, and havo their class rules as
we'll defined as trades unions. y Down.
ing streets does not possess moro
pigeon holes and rcd tape than man
sion of Tho wealthy. An upper house
maid weuld die Mt the stake before she
would d:s. n bit Of work that came with
in the province Of tho under house
maid. 4 swell butler woulossthrow mp
his posrEon in the face of the Lord
Chancellor himself if he were expected
to black his own boots. There are
many boys of thirteen kept in brass
buttons, and in many an instance the
sole duly Of this boy ia to brush the
clothes land boots of thels butler the
master Of the house having his own
separate1valet OF course it is not
pride w5ioh has made the infexible
laws OF etiquette among these servants,
by which they refuse to step out of an
official foove of function. It is the
determi,e ton OF their class to pre-
serve thf} conventional number of the
servants ;Erequired Tor any frst.class
househo 4. They particularly dislike
servants} tfrom other countries, sespe;
ciallyttla tQermans, because if,welI paid
and well !tJeated they will do any thing
requisite iH<them."
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
The Polar Wave,

The cold weather. we hagebeen having
of latein these latitudes is as the; ;balmy
breath OF the May. time ins conpa as ison
with what theS hAEe fbaen iIaving in
Montapa, acco riding TO q correspondent.
"Writing from, Silver Bow, in. that ter.
ritory, he says that the praviolls mid!
night the therEaometerm marked ifty-HiS
degrees below zero. ThatEas the night
when Chinamen and whisky ffoze, aa
reported by telegraph. . Dating severe
cold snap in Iowa some years ago,
when the mercury ranged for many days
between fourteen and thirty Six degree
belowfzero.; the teamsters used, 40, $it
was currently reported, before. starting
on their long trips to buy o gallon Of
whisky, bore a hole through it and sling
it by string to the coupling pole of the
wagon; then they, could knock or g
piece with a hatched when they wanted
drink: The Montana correspondents
tells Of his SUCCESS in freezing mercury.
a tumbler full OF tho ordinary fluid
metal was exposed TO the air on q cold,
night. AT, forty degrees by the ther-,
mometer it was still, fluid at forty-one
degrees it had begun to harden on the
outsider; at forty-two degrees it was
solid. OF course spirit thermometers
are employed there by weather observ.ii
ers.5 One Of them, "a very careful man, Z
Wishing to be accurate, ordered spirit
thermometer from New York, to, be
made with special attention TO corfec6se
ness inithe SCALE. Ito me in due! time,
and was a, very fine instrument, but was
only graduated to thirty degrees below
zero. The disgusted meteofol logist proc,
nounced it o good enough summer ther-i
mometer, but not calculated for northT
ern Montana. saskfI l,ssttils
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
! A Chinese Comedy.

The San Francisco Gall speakss of "a
performance by a newly imported troupe
Of Chinese actors and gymnastS as fol-
lows ~ rThe piece presented was5avis
IDENTITY in the low comedy line, j Judging
from the great merriment of the hildi.
enoe, excited by thetd dialogue but the
leading features were the grand military
spectacles, jugglery, and acrobatio per-
.formcnces. At different tines Chinese
Eiaeldie.y. of The old styles appeared
npuu the staSt r,sg.-.S teyT. 81 ssSsj'
or fifty, md exhibited tho mode Of war
fare with spears and other ancient weap.
3ons. fhe fencing exercises and COM
bats with the double swords display
marvellous dexterity and agility, and
demonstrate that the Chinanoan on his
native heaEh, and with his own style of
weapon, is o dangerous antagonist.
The mode Of combat with hatcbe and
meat. choppers and. The utility f the
ieslmbersome hspaboo shield are aiistl
sdisplaya TIED i /; lesyy, which con-
8 cts in ruhBinB each other ! ttthToig gh
with swords and -gfEarp,; .brain ming one
another with meat-axea, ETC., is thrift
ing, but rather CHASTITY in its effect, and
most wonderful deceptive, The blood
is sseenistreaming down the naked bodies
of the apparent Victims in appearance
thatis wonderfully real, and, after hc-
ing decently slain in one of the .serrnio
combats, it is quite surprising to OBJ
serve the deceased nrise again, and go
praneing off he stage with meat.
cieaver stuck in his skull.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06

ORIGIN OF THE AYRsHlREs. "A poor
farmer 10 Scotland, in 1850, finding it
almost impossible to subsist, took great
rains To have his childnn drive his
GOV where she could eat The richest aud
,hicke.t grass, to house her in the win.
tor, and to feed her with carefully. stored
hay in fine, took unheard of care of
his COW. The grateful animal rewarded
her owner with a fine calf and an unus-
ual abundance of milk, and thus the
celebrated breed of Ayrshire COWS was
produced, though it was not till abon,
tho first Of the pres eat century that il
was brought to perfection; .S3 iS
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
The Suez Canal.

A letter from Cairo to the Eastern
Budget, dated the E1st December, says:
The present s:&te of the, Suez canal is
far from satisfactory, The canal is
neither completed nor in good repair,
and if matters are left sas they are, ut
present it will become sslessj in q; few.
years. It is broad enotfRh to accommo-
date three steamers abreast, bnt its
depth is so variable that ore ship only
can pass through it at time. When. a
vessel comes from Suez the ships nm
ing from Europe must wait at Port S aid,
and if the ship gets aground on the sand,
the whole commnnjc ,tion is stopped
until it is set afost again. This, of
course, causes great injury to trade, and
complaints are frequent. The chief
cause of the evil is tbs want Of money.
The English, who use the canal moro
than any other nation, have long been
thinking of getting The c NAL into their
own hauds, but q majority Of two-tbirds
of the shareholders is ne ,ssnry in order
to change the management, and as the
yiceroy is tho possessor Of one-third cfi
the shares, he has practically the c,st-
ing vote. 1t is trne that ono third Of
tho shares nrc also in the posse ession OF
Erglishmen, bnt the nttempts which
..iisYo bboen5 made to iiii'uc, The y yioeroy
to dispose cf his shares have hitherto
b Ell frnitless. Tho kha6ive evidently
feared that Enpl,nd will become too
powerful on the canal, and Therefore
l'pfefera the status quo. As for NJ. De
| Lesscps, he continues to send protests
10 ConsIaptinople about tho canal dues,
and his finances are becoming worse
every day. The cost of the emainienanoe
Of the cana, and d. o lying works ia from
l15, 900, 900 to 20 000, 600 francs year,
while hiB total receipts this year have
only amounted to 80, ,009. 600 francs, and
it is very uncertain whether tuey will
be maintained at that figure. Mert
ohantsihere are unanimously of opinion
that something must be done to pre-
vent thi ,useful work from being ruined,
and that M. De hesseps should either
be allowed greater freedom of action,
or be given an opportunity Of selling
the shares to q new company.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
had another wrench at her heartsstsings..

~
Grey left NJ to travel. No one knew
exactly upon what errand the yonng man
had gone. He had been in business, and
had left that with an agent, giving no
hint Of when he would return, Or whittier
he was bound. Orphaned, wealthy, and
free, he had no permission to seek, his
aunt caring for his house as che had
done since hia mother died in Infancy.
| Hettie had not realized how hope had
still, been strong in her heart until
Robert was gone. While she could see
him, though they met almost as strang.
| ers,, she prayed and hoped still that he
would return to her, and give her the
pledge he would value most as his safe
| guard. But he had gone in anger, and
the little governess looked very hope
less fnture in the face. She was a
woman whose love, not easily won,
would be given for life- time, and no
thought of another, to replace Robert,
| ever came to her faithful heart. She
had given him up because she thought
dnty demanded the sacrifice, bnt she
could never cease to love him. Winter
festivities left her often alone. Mrs
Reed took the children to their. grand
mothers for Thanksgiving, and again
for Christmas week. In nll this time
Hettie was left in charge Of the house.
Some Christmas gifts were put upon
her dressing table, testifyipg the chill
dren's love and Mrs. Reeds apprecia.
ton of her care; but though Hettie val
ued these highly, they could not fill tho
dreary void in her heart.
Sometimes in her lonely weeping. sue
questioned the resolution she had
thought only duty, wondering if her
sternnees had driven Robert more into
the path she wished him to avoid,
whether her influence might not have
saved him. Then, che remembered her
mothers prayers, her patience, her
pleading, and felt how powerlcss wo-
man is when drink is her rival
January wore away, and February
was half gone, when one morning Alice
Reed. in the midst of her babes, ex-
claimed: - S
sit is ST.. Valentines day, wonder
if I shall have o valentine I"
Papa will bring the mail at dinner"
said ten.year. old Mamys gravely. .'I
know cousin Ben will send us valen-
tine (; he always does. .
Will you have one, Miss Hettie?"
questioned Alice. VI. !,e
:, No, darling, 7 think not" Heitie;
Fsaid, smiling. 4 % s{:,Ss'
> J, Is; !s - ;,s
.ner, Ind tho chill aren rushed out t5
meet hin, sHettie Heard him say: AZ,
Take this letter to Mics Hettie,s
i Many"
in the wide world Ito write u letter to
Hettie, excep wild hope sprana
in her heart. Cons J Robert have w.t.
ten ss5&-... zsi6
q IL was a bulky latsSer. and Many
seoeer to see il =5i,ar father had u svaleil-
tine for her, left Hetti6 alone to open it.
letter, closely .wti:ten. was inside,
ena folded within this temperance.
pIsa and ut the foot of it the bold
sign hatnre, g Robert Grey"
The letter was Het6ie'e first love-let-
ter, aud I have ro right to intrude upon
her rI,vaoy but in the spring, Robert
Grey came back to M to find his
bride, who put her haud in his, loving
", trustingly. won by the love that had
prompted the sending of her first valen-
tine.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06
-Hnman intelIect t,bonol, - ~

Human intellect, though varying in
capacity in different individuals s. has jts
limits III all plans of enlargement by
acgt,isition and these limits cannot be
transcendcd withontaggregat deterior-
alton in distrncting the attention, over
loading the memory or oyerworking Che
brainand sappipgs tho foundations Of
health. - Jacob BigciotD, NC ID.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06

hotel of Panama. 3 The average travel
eri finds little beauty in his surropndI
ings but there is certain nawneas
about the picture which pleases him
for thelsensa of noyelty is q pleasure in
itself. 81; I, 81 50.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06

would make them pretty.
ri gent tIema,i 1by4 lie s,1aInts OF I7nr.
oft has. been hanntinp the approaches
io q certain
Francisco, looking for the editor who
called his CIara (,sse Morrisl q ttBIonde
Bona1lsa y 3sl5 Z
Walt. Whitman fssss eslIn:to sing
Iabouts the cold weather. SYarbietfI
Wait sf ss 81
I howl q whoop, rs
And with the howlment Of the whoop zip d
yaNip I, =
anu ~, Isla
bitasone I breezoi o G aHsI & wayesf and
& II all eonglomerat elspen It's of geld things.
& - AN obssryant usher in one OF 5tf,
theatefs Has got SO he cum tefl a sna1,rs Il
business by the way he asks for; prof j
gramme. "A real estate man ns Wa!lta Y ~
aescrlptlon OF tne s, g iaasei ..i p!otf
prletorS.s tne .plli oI rare,
tue run OF the piny an eeiisor - the ]
points Of we piot. na ss At
ways asks .,s you ne goou enough
20 shand me q Dill OF fals GU
s A In onsiof tho ae, rtts. In teIY here I
WAS q long and .heated discuseion be.
tween the nounsel as to Sc ether q Wit
ness sllould be allowed Ito snswer the
folio ing question w Int siid
sishrees Iadg ess sIoo ah
hours 70 dsclae Ine tg
answered. IT sfha
the witness hyS the def I,a ms
riep'-7etz ilI and sweet ~ fsot
wor S /. ~ s. Wy
S,,a sa,1ral l,red
.s=4 Y sIt,s.,as - i;
stbaY7s tiy 10 be pieased :; # sslsiyb tries
sfo astonish TIC m ii1evy s,sys iiio courtesy
to be agtonish hsSl il si,eople 5eeoIne ire.
some, they Sank else 70 E,ia5ss
sor sing, b aa y g s
cf,t,cise nd Juiift "a a nolfs
this is ths II me
ms we'll as IN the drsin 8
ii9s y ke critics and . etS " ss
himself s:s
a eoinci don,se IN tl,e. mn ttste + of names
WIN he lioticea bss, III the sens OF TI1y,
= .fourth coi, erssn rs will be-
tive SJa,Sssrons, Two Jones
Sfprri Hs, sgit Slie exec l,tion 81
sst
Virginia, and senator I,
nessse. DID not "a -
llton, OF Maryland, expire on tiis attis2
March next. here wollld haYs peeir ilu Z
jess than hva OF slinliaf haInea
! IN sGne senate. nfa' :. e. sss ~
~. ~ ia a deep nlyst aa tiie
heart OF "a inali turffls TO one z7olnan on
of all the rest he's ssen in tile work 81
md makes 1t aesssiier fos him to work
seven wears for he !; like Z jacob Siis for
Rachel, Fooners than have any other
3womnn for the asking. oil oftsrt thihk ot
these Wof9s s,aGS = vs.
yeass q, s
aisW y 3 ts'
- eteo1ge 5dses.oe.
"A ricl1 old wild lower ef Oswego told
a young girl there to drop her tl,eT
beanx. She obeye1. He often took
her ont riding, and assufed ghaf that
g when We get ready we can go off end
den like, and, surprisa the geasiE
The young lady aid not demnr. Their
The rich old widosSar popped of very
sudden like, md married u itch &
widow about his own age. The Jury is !
osked for $15, 600 dame Sies.
n, yU;l l,..s I, i; ,;s ,y,,s Il n,s
-; - = .;s ssIi
,aatsa tSst tpa
,,arss,,, ran,,;,.ss ~ Ie sfe5 nil 1;ysa 4
. ennnn r. M make i = sosrl,Ia nsantle eyafv
o;abt ,,nntl, q It sui II l,c
tJ,s ,.s,,, s sas,nS,t
.a,, CO.'S oaat f
MANI ma S ian;eces @ and ~ g,ss sas aets
door stems @ r I "a asvf,sI i, fo think III Ina
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-03-06

According to Kepesy, the surgeon
to the Austrian Folar expedition, ohocs.
late, rs "a beverage, proved most svalu-
able of ali the preserved meat and
tyagetables in tins being also of the
greatest service in sustaining the
atssngtl, end ppirita. s.
The Russellville Democrat., 1875-04-15
HoLLYwooD, ARK, !
 March 29, 1875. {

EDIToRs MIDLAND FARMER: :: Seeing no communication in your valuable paper from Southern Ar kansas, 1 write a few lines. The people are beginning to plant in earnest, although the weather is not favorable. There will be a larger crop, both of corn and cot ton, planted this season than ever planted in this part of the coun- try in one year. There is more wheat, oats and barley sown throughout the country than is usual all of which promises an abundant harvest. The prospect for fruit crop is Aery good. If we can only have favorable sea, sons this year, we can invite i'm migrants by the thousands, but provisions and money are too scarce at present, on account of the severe drouth last summer Our granges are stirring things right lively in old Clark. - Mid land Farmer. r. W.
The Russellville Democrat., 1875-04-15
Farmers Papers.

Samual Sinnett, of Iowa, a prominent agricultural writer of that state, in speaking of farmers supporting their own paper, says:
 The farmer should support his own paper first, and if he must have political sheet it should come second; there should be uni ty of action among the farmers, and to accomplish that object, farmers clubs should be estab- lished in every school district where the farmers and their wives could come together and discuss and decide on the course of action to be pursued to promote their interests. The questions ofpolit- ical economy should be better understood, and the relative bear ing of great questions of the day on interests of agriculture. All questions of a partisan nature should be strictly excluded, but such questions as taxation, judi cial reform, tariffs, and their rela- tion to agriculture, the financial question, and its bearing on SO ciety in general, ought to be in- vestigated.
The Russellville Democrat., 1875-04-15
Ohio Grangers.

The Ohio State Grange met in Columbus, on the 9th inst, be- tween one hundred and two hun dred delegates being in attend ance. It was found that two hun dred and thirty four regular dele gates were present, and visiting brethren and sisters enough to make the aggregate number in attendance between five hundred and six hundred. The annual re. port of the Secretary shows that at the beginning of the year for which the report is made, there. were five hundred and seventeen Oranges in Ohio, while now there are now one thousand one hun. dred and forty-six Oranges in the State In good working order, with slNty-flve thousand members. Last year only about one half of the counties were represented at the State Convention. while now each county is represented.