The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-06-28
The MuscOVite Policy Of Advance in the
East Since the Time Of Peter.
A Fixed Plan FOR the COHqucS! o. The
Central Asian Tribes
How the Fall Of Khiva Was Ac-
complished and Why.
i BRITISH DIPLOMATIC CoUNTEBMlNE
Personal Views or the Car and
Prince GortschakoH

ST. TErERsBrE0, NAY %, 1875.
me English people are subject 20 periodical
pcares On the subject of Central Asla with me IN
reasonable fear that some harm ! likely 20 come
10 their Indian possessions rom the rapid al
vance or Russia. Nothing can persuade them that
there Il no danger. Having occn once imposed
upon by cue false testament o. Peter sRe Great
which was invented By Napoleon as a better pre-
text for hts expedition against Russia, .hey have
got II into their heads thar Russia has a deter
mined purpose OF conquest in Asia AMI 10 me
Cast, and they win not be convinced Or the con
trary. Even were the VIII or Peter the Great gen
uine, to believe that Russian statesmen and me
Russian people have been able 70 pursue for
century aad a hall fixed ana dec.ded plan Of
aggrandizement and conquest With al the SKIN
aud sacrifice necessary 20 realize Il,
j. Impossible 70 any WHO knows
tas history OF Russian poucy, Or tho char
acser or Russian oficials, The fact Is
thas before Peter the Great the Russians did have
policy in asia. After trying for centuries to get
ru OF an Asauc yoke they were acquainted with
na1ded down from father % as q The best
means Or dealing with the nonad tribes On their
7ontiers. They had 70 guard against possible IN
.4sious, ana there were az least two occasions
vaen the reconquest Of Russia oy aongol nordes
'7as perfectly possible ana was stopped only BY
lrtuitous circumstances.
az AUscoVITE POLICY - THE EAsT-Asr 10
NoRED DURING MANY YEARS.
A. soon as Peter the Great made Russia q Euro
pean country, ana when, especially under his
successors, varnlsn OF Western civilization was
everywhere spread over tue land thought was
taken OF Asia. Foreigners who knew nothing Or
tue manners or Ine nOmads were brought int0 the
Russian service, and rom that tIme until this
not only has tnerO been 10 nxed policy
"a Russla's dealings with ASA but the
various attempts at plans each having
no connection with what preceded II, were
almost uniformly bad. the occupation or Central
Asia, which Is a matter OF me Lass twenty years
since the Crimean war, has been entirely due to
cnance circumstances, one occurring after the
Other most Of them contrary and in direct els
obedience to the orders or the home government.
In fact, the on movement sanctioned before
hand by the government OF ST. Petersburg was the
one n 1864 Tor uniting tue SiDerlsn ana OrenDurg
Ironrier lines, but this movement was carried BY
General rcbernaie much further than bis orders
permitted him, and the capture Of Tashkent was
AZ the time nlgny disagreeable TO the government.
The Russians. however, have SAID wnat the Eng
lish haye sad IN India, ana what every nation
says In CONFLICT with barbarous neighoors, that
me prestige or their country must always be
maintained. An attack must always b repealed,
ana ia city or . country should once DC occupied
can never be given up.
VICTORIOUS GENERALS A DIFFICULTY 10 A SArIoN.
Besides this Il Is very difficult for govern
ment 70 dlsavor victorious generals. Whsrc
blood has been she'd ana s triumph gained II II
clniculE 70 refuse to reward the oncers ana SOL
dlers who fought; and II tney are to be rewarded
u l. hard 20 punish the general who commanded
them. The ideas or the government Or st. Peters
borg have been very peaceful and opposed to az
erosion; indeed, many who Snow tue country
tnihk that the home policy Is too weak. Tie Rus
sian Officers In Asia have always been seized vita
what Mr.. Grant Dun, Ia a speech IN Parliament
once happily CALEB the 81 Anne's fever. snd nave
Tes0rted 70 various exs edients IN order that the
nome governments might not prevent them rom
carrying Out tneir plans Tor Winning little glory.
Military movements nave once Or twice been
begun WITH 10 necessity for them except that
b. tee Russians themselves. The reports
for instance, destined 70 SHOW the necessity or an
In IMMEDIATE advance upon Kudjax. were not sent
Until the expedition was already o. r. marcn, -
tnat the next mali brought the report " tae Va.
tory.
las ESGLIsu DREAD PoE INDIA rHg LHE ~ raR
o1Us.
rte dlmcugies Or a Russian march 70 INDIA are
,uch % render Il practically Impossible. but
vii, 20 slIay English excitement the russians
consented 10 tne English proposal, ia ls7l-'2 for
establishing the Oxus a. nne d the respective
~
therefore, that unfil Russia actually occupied I'll
ne countries TO the north of lie oKus tnere was
10 further cause or alarm, but the Kbivan ex-
petition was skifuny used 20 excite alarm By
some parties who mad private ends - serve In
keeping mp an agitation about the des ans Of Rus
ia IA the East. Tue British Cabinet made an.
quiries and circumstances aud Count Scaouvalon
tnen made his promise that Khlys would not b.
occupied BY ussia. Il has frequently been stated
mere, although believe not IN thoroughly on.
cal way, that Count Schoavalon ~ % promising
vent beyond mis- Instructions
THE KHIyAy TERRITORY.
circumstances impeled inc occupation o.
portion o. tie territory. u appear. tuat
General Kaufman shoughs iE nigh,y neces-
sary thas the delta q the Oxns sboud
belong % Russia, and made : treaty ~
which THIS portion was cedef Having NJ the
same time some fears lest liz ion should moi ~
approved, ne forced me hand or the nome govern
ment by having tie treaty published IA toe TURK.
tst1n G0keite before u nsd received the sanction
q the Emperor. Ills pan slccesded, lor the
treaty having Deen ouce MADE known tae govern.
ment Ola not feel Ike throwing h over. General
Kaufmann got reprlmanded, ont explained u A.
mistake Of one or hts sub0rdinates. Ia an case
tus action was not IN c0utravcution of the audcr.
standing Win England, because al the Territory
occupied ~ Russia wgs On the right bank
of she OXus and within fhe specified limits ri
Kus ian Influence. the subsequent Disturbances
amoag i've TarComans have giren the EDgisa
great ground 70 spprehend AZ attack o. Mern,
aud ior same unexpia.nabic reason-proDably be-
cause 10 oOks 10 near o. tae map-they nsider
'uls wretcacd village o. feW mud hut-. sItusted
p the middle " desert, a. me key s. Hcra.,
LIN, sgereiore tho key q india.
SCOUTS FE0H fHE CAsrr&x
Esery scouting party cent from the banks o. me
caspian, every trading caravan-more especially