davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
The Golden Rule of Agriculture.

Plants live double life. They have
two. fold nutrition-mineral and or
ganic. Their mineral food is derived
from the soil and the organic from the
mir. While the organic constituents Of
plants are generally uniform, by strict
analysis of their ashes it is discovered
that the different classes are marked by
the prevalence of certain mineral ele-
mcnts. Some abound in potash, others
in lime, some in phosphates and others
in silica. Different parts of the same
plant have also their preponderatiDg
elements. Thus it appears that the
reason why all crops are not suited to
the same soil is variation of the min
eral elements. All crops ore not suited
to the same soil, and mainly because it
is deficient in certain mineral elements,
or they exist in too large quantities.
The fertilization of soils is the nd.
dition to the soil of suitable pabnlum
for the growth and development of
plants. If allowed sufficient time,
plnuts can extract organic materials
from the surrounding atmosphere to
attain vigorous growth; yet If we ap.
ply to their roots manures yielding am
monia, carbonic acid, nitrogen, ETC., we
supplement the atmospheric supply and
hasten their development. Liquid ma
nures are, therefore, of high value, as
their action is Immediate and powerful.
But if this policy is long continued it
will exhaust the soluble mineral ele-
ments i'll the soil aud render it COM
parativoly worthless. Hence, in all
permanent systems of agriculture, min
cral fertilizers can no more be dispensed
with than organic.
Long continued cropping removes
from the soil all the available mineral
constituents of plant food, unless we
restore to the soil in the shape of ma
nures exactly what is lost in the crop.
This, then. is the golden rule of agri-
culture. BY failing to heed this i'm
POI tant principle millions of acres of
the choicest land have become worth
less, and millions more are now under
going the same ruinous process.
We should economize every source of
fertility. Manure heaps should all be
sprinkled with some absorbent, such as
gypsum or diluted lphuric acid, to
prevent the escape of ammonia, liquid
excretions preserved in tanks that none
OF it may be wasted, ashes saved and
spread Oh the fields. Compost heaps
should be formed where all refuse-ani-
NAL or vegetable-may be utilized and
while the accumulation of filth and
noisome odors is prevented, the soil is
enriched and farming made remunera-
tive. With fertilizers the careful farmer
can accomplish much without them he
can accomplish nothing. Cor. Ameri-
can Eurn1 Journal
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
Circumstances Make Women.

The queen, speaking Of unappreci-
nted women, says the woman who might
have been "a Joan of Arc or Maid of
Saragossa, in favorable circumstances,
hcmmed in by the narrow chances of q
small locality is only 4 rather masculine
person, who has, probably, independent
notions on the subject Of dress, and
whose boots would not bear the impress.
sive of Bond Street. The unattached
sister OF mercy is fussy, kinl-hearted
person, who has the most extraordinary
pleasure in Nursing sick folks, and who,
as often rs not, gets no thanks for her
pains. The posslbla Hypatia or Olym-
Pla OF village town is simply very
odd young woman, who has the
strangest notions and the most eccen-
trio ways of expressing herself;' who
has, moreover, the character of reading
undesirable books, and whose words
and ways form part Of the staple local
gossip, not losing in transmission.
Yet, the power is the same in the coun.
try girl who is half despised and half
feared, rs that which once founded n
school, and has been celebrated by
historians and biographers. centuries
after. One Of tho unsolved mysteries
of things as they are, is the waste Of
life aud energy that goes on in the
physical world and the world of mind
follows that of matter. There is per-
petnal smothering of potential queen
bees into ordinary workers, useful, but
not prolific; industrious, but not mag
niticent and possibly, excellence is be-
ing forever pressed into grooves where
only the tamest and most commonplace
powers can exist. We plant too many
of our oaks in iron. bound fower-rots,
nnd never give them the chance even OF
fractuling the mold. We put n scrub.
bing brush into tho hands of our Cor
inucss, and set Sapphos to tie down the
jams, and see that tho house linen is
neatly mended. All sorts of lovely
faculties which would have made mer
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
The Khe dives Halfway Muniicence

The Fitch Sherman diamonds still
remain under lock and key in the vaults
Of the New York custom house. 1t
may seem a little odd, but it is neverthe-
loss true that the necklace has never
heeniappraised by the officials. Nor
do the owners evince any great curiosity
to ascertain it's real value. This is per
haps attributable to discretion, says the
Woh1, and calls to mind the famous
Portuguese rough diamond exhibited
in the pnlace at Lisbon. This diamond,
though it is as large as n hens egg and
weighs over eight hundred carats, has
nevar7been subjected to the tests Of
cllttiug Hnd polishing, simply because
there is donbt about it. For there arc
experts in the trade who pronounce it,
to 10 merely very fine piece of chrys-
olite. Half the charm of the Khe-
dives present would vanish if this eel
cbrated necklace were tested by tho
appraisers art The jewelers. Circu
]ar for March gives au excellent draw
ing of, the necklace, and says Of it :
1.-The estimates OF the value of these
jewels haze been exaggeratons beyond
all precedent, aud $4,000 really repre-
scnts the most liberal valuation that
can be put upon them, the number and
size Of the diamonds are SO counter
balanced by their off. color" The Kbe
dive has probably never seen the neck
lace and lie would hardly be pleased
to learn that those who were intruetpd
with the order in Paris had an eye to
quantity rather than to quality in MAX
ing the purchase. This ornale con-
tains, it is said, about seven hundred
and seventy brilIiauts OF all sizes, from
seven or eight carat stone to some ms
small rs one Twelfth of carat. The
aggregate weight of the diamonds ia at
least 300 carats; bnt the quality is what
is known rs Cape Bywatcr--a quality
OF diamonds technically described as
being Of "ofl:color," and they are we'll
paid for at 500 per carat, cost Of set
ting and all included. The duty at 25
per cert. on the jewels would Mt the
utmost only be $4,000.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
ghe Dress-Pat,ern Trade.

The New York correspondent Of the
Boston Journal writes ga great bust
ness has grown up apparently out OF
no'hinP4 The business IL the making
OF dress patterns out of II fimsy sort of
paper made for that purpose. The
amoun3o OF business done is simply mar
yel0nax & '.'seangh il ,ledias IN tho back
woods in the country, and in the re-
motest(and sparsest districts can Mt the
cost Of dime or SO secure the latest
fashion& Tor themselves and children.
One OF 'hese establishments sued a
house IL New York on note given for
goods delivered. The defense set ND
was that there was no considera' ion. A
Quantity of goods were brought into
court ard their himsy textures exhibited
to the inspection of the intelligent Jury.
The jury gave a verdict for tue defend
ant on the ground that there was no
property in such material. Yet the
dealings in this frail fabric are hardly
equaled by any other branch of trade.
One house does 100000 worth of trade
year. The paper is manufactured
expressly for the work, and is sent into
the city tons at Il time. A single order
exhausts 5000 reams. This house has
1000 agencies. They are in every part
of the United States, in Canada, and
across the seas. Orders tor patterns
come in from S25 to 81, 900. The largest
establishments in New York. BROOKLYN.
Philadelphia, and Chicago buy $500
worth Mt n time. One hundred and
fifty hands are kept constantly at work
to meet the orders. And yet n New
Jersey jury nffirms that there is no mar
ket value in this business
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
Boys and Farming.

Farmers sons upon arriving at GER
tain age often become dissatisfied with
their vocation. In New England the
ma jority Of the boys leave the farm at
the age OF eighteen or twenty. Why is.
this? Perhaps the most potent reason
is aversion to hard work or mistaken
idea of its ignominy. One reason why
boys leave the farm in the west lies in
the fact that SO many farms are 80 iso
lated that neighbors are few and far
between. The boy who tolls day after
day in the field mingles very little in
society. He longs for associates and
neighborly influences.
Many farmers are SO absorbed in
work and profit rs to care very little for
outward appearances. I will illustrate
n case 1t was n rickety looking place:
the buildings had been long out of re.
pair. The barn and it's accountant
ments were close by the house. A big
hay stack occupied prominent posi-.
ton, with which the winds and unruly
members of the barn. yard had raised
sad havoc. Near by was the hog-pen,
whosa arena was anything but pleasant
to the sense. The intervening ground
was scattered profuseiy with old logs,
iIS
that the boy gets tired of such slovenly
farming ms that, and that the familiar
scenes of home are not attractive?
AS he grows up into manhood he re-
solves to get into some genteel business.
Farming will do very we'll for the old
folks /; but I've had enough of it; I'll
go to the city and seek my fortune. I"
He sees the well-dressed clerk at the
counter. Visions of wealth fill his
mind as he views the stately columns
that industry has founded. "I'll be a
merchant" !" he says to himself. A situ-
alton is secured with salary OF two or
three hundred dollars year; he NAV
in time be promoted but his chances
of succ as are small. Where one mer-
chant succeeds, thirty become bank
rupts.
BOYS, keep ont of the city (; it is over
crowded already. Seek employment
elsewhere. Farmers, beautify your
homes; strive to make them so attract
i've that your boys will be reluctant to
leave. Provide library for your fam
lily, and teach the boys to farm by the
orry as we'll as by practice. Don't COM
plain OF hard times and the uncertainty
of crops. but tell them of the nobility
of agriculture az life-cnlling, it's indie.
pendence over all other employments,
and without which no branch of indus
try could flourish. Rise up, then, We
sturdy SONS of the soil. "Buckle on
thine armor," and cause tho barren
waste to glow with fruitfulness. I'm
Gle Ned IN Western Rural.
"A Scotch maiden, upon her lover
remarking, "I think I'll marry thee.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
The Great Work.

A telegram from Nevada says the
Sntro tunnel, which has reached n
length of 5000 feet, has approached
Within one hundred feet OF shaft No. g.
which is filled with water to depth of
eight hundred and scyenty-five feet.
From this point diamond drill has
been started, successfully tapping this
great column of water, which it WAS
feared might drown every man ill the
tunnel before it could have been possi-
bic to escape. The workmen can now
approach within twenty five feet OF the
column, when great number Of holes
will be bored to let the water off alto.
gethcr. AS an additional means of
satety, bulkhead, suggested by an
officer of the United States engineer
corps, is constructed, with a tunnel of
sufficient strength to Withstand press
're OF 2. 900 tons, with self shutting
gate only sufficiently large to allow
cars to pass, which gate the approach
ing rush of water closes, giving the
workmen time to escape in the event of
sudden flood. The amount of water
flowing from the tunnel will be in
crtasei TO about one hundred miner g
inches. The connection with shaft No.
2 will insure good ventilatiou. The
tunucl at thia point enters the mineral
belt III which the Cop1stock lode ia
situated.
Toe great Hessemer steamship,
which was to abolish the horrors of the
Ehgl!sh Channel. has been tried and is
only Partial success. The ship steamed
from HILL to Gravescnd in gale of
wind aud proved an excellent a.aboat
and fast Her two faults appear To be
an excess of draught and the unstead-
mess of her movable saloon. Tho form
er is partly accounted for by an extra
supply of coal, and may be got rid of
IN one way or another must be got
rid Of before she can enter Calais on an
ordinary tide. AS to the saloon it ap-
pears that the machinery intended to
control it, and to neutrnlize, so fnr as
1T ltlsconcerned, the movement of the ship,
is IN some way defective. The saloon
can be handled with case, bnt cannot
be kept still i'll other words, shares
the motion of the ship. These facts
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24

more glorious and life more full Of
pleasure. had they been given their full, !,
free outlet, are hemmed in to fulfill
mean uses or are atrophied altogether,
starved out of existence for want of
nourishment. It seems to point to the
need Of some more perfect organization
of society than any we have attained ;
but perhaps this, too, is among the
many Utopian dreams with which we
bewail the present, and Imagine a bet
ter future, when power shall have its
work. faculty it's object, and merit its
place and reward"
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
The Etiquette of Court Presentation

~-'S ->AAoSSsS oh SSuA
The Court Journal gives the follow.
ing in review Of the etiquette OF the
court of st. James drawing-rooms ::
"The lady wishing to be presented
must first find lady willing to present
her, and also to attend the drawing
room at which she wishes to be pre-.
sented for, although it is by no means
necessary that the two ladies should
pass at the same time, or even that they
should meet, ikis absolrtoiy -dc ,.;guett,-
that lady who presents another should
attend the drawing-room. This pre-
liminary being arranged, the presenter
gives her friend note addressed 10 the
Lord Chamberlain, stating her inten-
tion OF attending n certain drawing
room and of presenting Mrs. Jones.
This note Mrs. Jones leaves at the Lord
Chamherlan's office, at least two clear
days before the dra awing-room, accom-
panied by large card, on which is
legibly written Mrs. Jones, presented
by Lady Brown or, Mrs. Jones,
presented on her marriage by Lady
Brown From the Lord Chamberlain
office she receives on application two
pink presentation cards, on which :Pres-
entation' is printed in large let
ters. These she takes 10 the palace
With her, giving one to the page
in waiting ut the corridor at the top
OF the grand staircase, and reserving
the other to be given up at the
door of the presence chamber, where il
is han ED from one official to another
till it reaches the Lord Chamberlain,
who announces the name to the queen.
Care should be taken by the lady to
write her own name and also that of the
lady presenting her very legibly, 80 that
there may be no danger of mistakes.
In the case of the presentation of
bride, it is usual for Ler to be present
ed by her husbands mother, sister, or
somc other member of his family, if
possible and convenient; but this is n
matter of taste, not Of necessity"
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24

arc gathered form letter written to
the London Times by Lord Henry Len
nox, who came in the ship, and who ex-
piains that the present trouble arises
partly from some wrong arrangement
Of the levers and partly from the mex
pcrience of the man who works them.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24
The Japanese.

The subjoined translation from an
editorial in Lending Japanese journal
is fnli of practical good sense, worthy
of a nation Of much higher civiliza.
tion. The growing commerce between
Japan and our Pacific states and thus
with the Union, causes an increasing
interest III the progress of that peculiar
people. We quote:
Many among us are desirous that our
civilization should take equal rank with
thut of Europe and America. But, as
our country is poor and the people are
ignorant, we must first promote agri-
culture. SO that the land should yield
more nbundantly. We should promote
commerce. We should promote the ed
ucation Of our children aud compel
the in6olent to DO industrious and
when all this has been done it will be
tiu-o 10 talk about rivalry with foreign
countries. But our scholars who desire
all these changes immediately are like
those who wonld set child to hard la
hor. or who imagine that the poor
should abound in luxury like the rich.
We do not mean to say that we are in
the same condition that we were several
Years ago. But, as we have said before,
the first and most important thing tc
be done is to build schools, and to Sc
cura the diffusion of useful knowledge
among the people; then to make an nd
vance in commerce and agriculture, SO
rs not to be decorating the outside only
and doiu& SO much expensive work in
vain. Our scholars OF European sci
ence ought to be assisting both the
government and the people. This is
the manner in which they will best show
their patriotism. And we entreat them,
too, to have little patience, and TO
cool their ambition that NIL these
changes should occur nj once. Let
them prepare the way for them, 30 that
when they come we may be ready for
them and they may be really to onr
profit.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24

"A large, heavy-set man who resided
near indianapolis died recently from q
disorder which no Indian doctor conld
make out. At the time of hia death he
was little more than a skeleton, his
flesh having wasted away. A post NOR.
tenn examination showed that bis liver
was full of ahscesses, 80 that mis- food
had not been properly absorbed, and
that be had actually starved to death.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24

The average masculine stomach in
this country Graves liquor, and society
must be revolutionized before better
atate OF things can cxist,-.Rnte .fIold.
The free citizen. (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-24

"A Scotch maiden, upon her lover
remarking, 81 think I'll marry thee,
Jane, +" replied: 81 would be muckle
obleeged to ye if ye would"
Ellsworth American., 1875-12-02

The school ia district No. /. taught by
5 l.. Kingsley OF West Gpuld.boro. closed
the 18th inst. after continuance OF nine
weeks and among those who were neither
absent nor tardy during the term. may be
mentioned Emily c. Foster, Willie L.
sil,by. Eva henniston. Ella Rankin. Alice
Jewett etc.
The first premium was won by Miss
Nellie +. Foster for excellcucy in drawing
and prizes were also awarded t. Willie L.
Silsby. Eva kenHiston. Alice .Iewett. Eta
Foster. Ella Rankin and Willard Foster
for the above and other merito-ious ranks
In scholarship.
The readiness with which the scholars
engaged in the work placed before them,
created All interest in the school which we
hope did not fail TO make il profitable TO all
concerned and the teacher would beg leave
through this communication TO return
thanks to both parents and scholars. for
many kindne>ses received by him during
his stay in the neighborhood. and trusts
that they may all receive the blessings Of
Hra who ''doeth all things we'll" X.
Nov. 27th 1875.
Ellsworth American., 1875-12-02
AutIivau

The granite which has been living
round loose at the y. y. and Me, Granite
Co.'S quarry for some months is now be-
ing shipped.
Tire Hopewell Co, will soon stop
working for this season. They nave made
many Improvements aud their quarry j. in
good order for next years operations
They have built solid bridge across a
small cove from the quarry to the wharf
over which the stone is transported on a
railroad.
John Blaisjell. Card and Havev.
welch and Havey, Crabtree and Havey
and stimson Co, are running their quar-
ries with small crews.
John Springer has built neat IL
story house, opposite Russell Gordon's
Francis Worcester. for n. Y. & Ne,
granite Co, has crew at work putting up
buildings at the old quarry at the head OF
the old railroad. He proposes to rebuild
the road aud furnish it with iron rails, and
an engine. There is TO be an engine put
on the Ntims"n Co.'S road soon.
Quite number of small dwellings
have been built Ia the vicinity OF the quar-
re- for the accomm odation Of the work
men.
Aaron Havey OF Gouldsboro has NOV
ed to the boarding house lately occupied
by ). Ash OF Franklin
The Stimsnn Co, are filling In \ large
space for a wharf
Ellsworth American., 1875-12-02
franklin .

fSunkiIu.
The Fall term of school, in District
No. l, closed on the 23d, inst. The fol-
lowing list includes the names of pupils,
who ranked highest in department and dill
igence in study
Lincoln Butler, Jessie Butler. Mabel
Butler. Lena Butler. Olive Hutchins. Viola
Hutchins. James Carlisle. Susan Springer.
Leon Clark, Fred Hodgkins. Fannie Grant,
Maggie Hanna.
GEORGE 3. SPRINGER, Teacher.
-Simonds Ash has built barn this sea-
son.
The school district at Martins Ridge,
have built convenient school house, cost
about five hundred dollars. It was much
needed. but was q heavy tax ON this small
district.
Charles Graves is building q good
house near N. Miliett's.
j. NJ. Blaisdeil is building a Barken-
tine of the following dimensions. IS r..
keel. 30 II. beam, depth of hold, ii l-2 f.,
44O tons burthen. He has suspended work
On her until spring.
-Donnell & Havey. Blaisdell Blanch-
or and A. Springer, haye closed work on
their quarries for this season.
Ellsworth American., 1875-12-02

Inmoinc.
The Mes>rs. Coolidge & Co. have
nearly completed vessel of about l2j tons
top is of oak and hard pine, also hard pine
celug. Timbers extra heavy, cabins fin
ished with ash. should judge they had
tried to make something that will with
stand the rage OF old Neptune. and my
opinion i, that they have succeeded. y.
The meetings OF the Furor Loqnendi
Society. are well attended, aud there seems
to be no lack of exertion on the part of the
members To make il interesting and in-
structive.
The young people here are getting up
a Dramatic Entertainment. for the purpose
of raising money to purchase an organ for
the schoo. house in Dist. No. ,.
Fred Young OF Llncolnyile. teacher in
Dist. No. ,, is about to begin u writing
school. aud all those desirous of placing
Themselves under the Instructions oi - first
class teacher, viii npw have the privilege
of doing so. tor the sum OF 80. for
twelve lessons.
About twenty determined fellows met
at the school room saturday. and organ
lied band { a Reynolds WAS appointed
Leader; A. +. Whitaker, Secretary, aud
Chas. Iiodgkius, Treasurer. They propose
to engage Geo. y. JOY, A. teacher.
CARoLUs.
Ellsworth American., 1875-12-02
MI. Desert.

School in District No. :. is prospering
under the instruction OF MIR. +. A. Crab-
tree.
The ladies OF the sewing circle, antici-
pate holding fair, at the dwelling house
Of Capt. S. ). Whitmore's, on the evening
Of the 9th of December next.
A few mornings since, "A vessel lying
at anchor loaded with goods. near the
wharf OF Capt. Manchester, was found
missing. 1t was soon discovered she had
gone 10 sea. She was boarded, however.
just in time TO prevent her from going
ashore on Sutton's Island, and brought in
TO Seal Cove. NJ.