davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

SHOCKING OUTRAGE IN NEw vopu
a new York Associated Press dispatch saws
some days ago Mrs. Merritt, wife OF Col.
Merritt, U: 8 A, was enticed on board the
tug boat Mike Norton and grossly ontrapad
Two men were yesterday arrested on suspi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
4 City Treasurer short I'm his Ac.

NEW YORK, July 22.-The mayor OF Long
Island City has reported To the Aldermen
that John Koran, treasurer of that city, is
deficient on cash account ~ 600, and that a
good deal larger amount has been misappro-
prfated from the funds obtained IN the col
lection OF back taxes. Koran admits charges
Of misappropriation OF the city's funds since
1871. Efforts at compromise are being made.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

Mr. CIV. LITCHFIELD has been promoted
from assistant clerk to clerk in the WASH
ington and Weldon railway post Office, in
creasiug his pay from $1,000 to 81 100 per
anDuIn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

g. OF THE Massachusetts grand dfyis-
ION OF the sons OF temperance met at Bos-
ton yesterday. There are lO7 divisions in the
state, with ,2i0 members. Visitors were
present from Washington, Richmond, Balti-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

AN OCEAN STEAMER ON THE Rocks
Inc steamer bbo,tsford, from Philadelphia
while proceeding from Queenstown to Liver
pool went ashore in Cummaes bay, Wales
The passengers have all been landed and
tugs nave been sent to the assistance of the
steamer. Although she is leaking forward,
rock having penetrated her bottom, the
agents expect to get her afioat.
GoOD SHOOTING BY THE AMERICANS AT
WlnBLEDoN-The following is the score of
tne american team at the shooting at VIM
biecon yesterday: Fulton, 1873; CanfieId. Too.
coleman, l19; Bruce, III; Ballard, 1O8; Gill
oersleeve, los. Fulton made eight consecu-
tive bulls eyes and Garfield six
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

THE BAIL OF JOSEPH LOADER, indicted
LOT conspiracy to defame the character of
Henry Ward Beecher, has been fixed at
5000. His case will come 10 in the Ssotem-
Der term Of the BROOKLYN court
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

How THE LOBBYISTS MAKE THEIR
MONEY.-At the Castle Garden investiga-
ton yesterday ii was testified that one No
Ian obtained something like $4,000 from the
steamship companies for procuring In 1873
the passage of the bill reducing the head
N. Y. journal Commerce, 2la.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

BREADsTUFFs are advancing in Europe,
and the prospects for a brisk grain trade
with this country grows more promising
each day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

COMMISSIONERS SMITH, of the Indian bl-
reau, return d from New York this morn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

THE PRESIDENT left for Long Branch last
tight. in ,1mpany with G eneral b sbeock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

MILBRooK, ONT, July IA nre yester-
day destroyed large portion Of the business
were burned out. Loss estimated at si0o, $50.
Insured for S5a 900.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
EVENING STAR.
Washington News and Gossip.

THE RECEIPTS to-day were, from internal
evenue, $3.50 5000; from customs, s4ss 3 u Sc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
A Mother's Desperate Defence or her
Doughte

NEW YORK, July "a Carbondale (Pal
dispatch states that Monday night John Jor-
dan, q discarded lover OF Miss Coyn e. at the
head OF gang OF drunken roughs, attacked
into the crowd, fatally wounding Jordan,
and while handing revolver TO her son IL
Was accidentally discharged, wounding her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

0Colonel Nicholas Smith and Mrs.
Smith Ida Greeley are now in Scotland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

PRAYERS FOR RAININ GEoRGIA.-An un-
expected plant is heard from Georgia. Up
excellent I'm the Augusta section, but in
teDsely hot and scOrching weather since has
caused cotton to droOp and in some instances
to die. Planters, alarmed in certain coun-
ties, held prayer meetings for rain, and I'M
less rain falls in a short time the cotton and
corn crops will be seriously injured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

DEFEAT OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE.-The
Connecticut House OF Representatives voted
yesterday, 1o2 TO 81, to indefinitely postpone
the bill giving women the right to vote In
the presidential election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
The New York State Treasury An
Right

ALBANY, July 22.-The accountant who
has been examining the state treasury al
the request Of Treasurer Rains has just
completed that work and reports having
found everything all right.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

ARRIVAL AT HONOLULU, HAWAII IS
LANDS-vISIT TO THE SAMOAN GROUP OR
NAVIGATOR ISLASDS-INCIDENTS OF
THE CRUIsE-"HoMEwARD BOUND"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
VU PLEASURE SEEKERS.
SUMNER ARRANGEMENT
sTEAMER blot BOY. Can't. W IL RIle.

Inc lion Steamer PlL0T Boz Will r.
have Nashing from 6th street Sf8<EH
y hart, every TUESDsY AID SATU X 1890
DA morbing- a. o clock, for principal landings
On the Potomac. including the f4vOTite Summer Re
sorts II Cotton : and bakistOn Island R-turuiug
y III arrive in Washington early on Wednesday aud
sunday evening On Saturday. in addition to tine
stove landings the Pilot Boy will take passengers
10 Lccnsrdtown. arriving there early sane eve
ming; leaving on Sunday morning for Washington.
The scenery on the Potomac being Unsurpassed.
and the Pilot Boy the only steamer afOrding view
the entire route b. daylight, makes these most
Dc SAINT and healthfUl trips Cor families and social
P4rtie- Fare, single trip, 81; round trip tickets,
.cOd until used, SIS. Apply 10
y. r FIrZHUGH, Agent,
lel, I'm SiXth-street " hlarf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

JACKSONVILLE, FLA, July Ely John
and Q member OF the Louisiana legislature,
was shot and killed last night sta still house
about ten miles from Fernaudina. Assassins
unknown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

WIFE MURDER.-John Gunnivan, long
shoreman, murdered his wife, Catherine, in
Philadelphia, by beating her with a piece of
wood. Cause, evaporation at her drunken
ness. Gunnivan was arrested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS. - Tn e
President fas appointed VIM. ID. Miner post
master at War Eaw, n. V, vice Merrill, re-
sisned; Chas. II. Palmer postmaster at Port
Chester, y. Y; l.. Edwin Dudley, of New
Wvomfng
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
EDUCATIONAL.

= 80 PR QUARTER 30 extras Me,lis
CO Ac3Iemy for Boys. II miles from Philadel-
pLi.. II Instructors 5. O. ShOrtlidge 1Hsrysrd
a NJ Media "a Iy92m
NlIsS OSBORNE ) YOUNG La OIES SUnOOL,
1'I 9s3 " street, tCprIrr Of IDsh.! will reopen
HOMO N,styt, g. ls75- Thorough instruction IN
rug N branches, Ancient, Modern Languages and
Music. Particular attention given 10 Primary and
informed late departments. IeSl- sms
W Est END INsTITTTF-
w MES. :. l.. CADY, Principal,
80 New Haven, o..
ELL Ior CircUiar Je23 3m
ms. FEkABEAU TEnCHEs PIANO. aa9
~ mtNG and the Cultivation OF the VOICE a.
cress a. nrs SEiCHESBAOH's Piano Store, Nc
423 llth street northwest. decIL-i,
EHGLISH FRENCH, AND CLASSICAL IE
~ sEiIt IL Tor yCunz lsiies, 81 : EsE YOrk sVS-
rus northwest, Mrs. AHGELO JACKSON, Prime.
% seventh snrusj session heStHs tbs l4th o
= ptsr- Der, 1874 aryli,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

THIS LATEST MAINE MURDER is one of the
most singular reported for many day. VIM.
PangbOrn, of Midway, an old gentleman of
81 years old, ON Saturday night, and admits
having committed the act, but claims that
he did IL while dreaming that he was fighting
a bear. The question of responsibility for
murder committed in a dream is o novel
one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
THE BEsT YET

10 FOR T4F
WHITE MOUNTAINS And MONT DESEG1
VA " ORWICH LINE.
S22 only for tbe round trip from .
New loTk and return Choice Cf .-<---<[.sa
seven Routes passengers allowed 10 =, D over al
any point Circulars, with full information, may
Ie had al the principal stations on the Erie, the
PennSs snia. snd abe Philadelphia, WilInington
aUd Baltimore railroads here tickets also for
Wich Line - ~ in-WksSW
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
SIEAMER SUE EXCURSIONS.

The elegant iron steamer SUE, Gap N
tain James Harper, is now making E@-ss3af<v a
EXCURSIONS TO POINT LOOKOUT
ON EVERY SATURDAY,
StoprinR AZ PINEN POINT and MARSHALL'S.
sUtnz and returning The steamer leaves stephen
son Nhsrf, foot Of 9TH street. AT 2. srrIv ing
81 Point Lookout early Sunday morning, and re
turning 10 Washington Oy a. m. ca Monday. All
the nm daiiOus first class, and unsur-
Passed b. any ST. amer on the river.
F0F passage state roCrns, &c, applv 20
STEPHFNSON & BIO, A gents,
stepheu=0ns harf. foot Of 7th street; Office, III
Pennsylvania ie23 If
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
TO MAKE
In END OF IT,
AND COMPLETE
Our CLOSING-OIT SALES.

THIS MUST
" I " D I T U P!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
Ireland Ahead.
The Irish Win,

LONDON, p. m.-Ihe match for the Elcll
shield Il over, and the Irish eight have VIC
IL. Their total score was 1895; the total
the Scotchmen was l,505, and that of n
Englishnen l,5O2.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

THE SPECIAL COMMISSION on alleged
Indian frauds closed their session at New
Hc-k last night, after examining some in
spt ctOrs of supplies, who said that the goods
fIi nished were equal to the samples. Prof
Marsh had private consultation with the
commission. To-day the commission 90
west TO continue their Investigation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

E'OR ARTkR
Il The cOr'Inods1u- iron Steamer SH-
PILOT BOY, A.3.
having teel specially fitted rp for ETTf7ESYUyS.
ran De chartered on reasonable terms Apply 70
N. X. EIIZHUGH, Agent,
u,syZl- IN 9th street wharf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

FOB SALE Oh RENT
Il have large assortment Of TENTS, all sizes
suitable for camp meetings, gum ing and fskin M
parties, which sill rent By fhe day OF week
=. G. WHEELER, 9TH and b streets,
y>oeoSw opposite Centre Market.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

ARMY ORDERs.-On the recommendation
or the Surgeon General Colonel ]. III. Baxter
chief medical purveyor, is ordered to inspect
the purveyiDg depots at New YORK, San
Francisco. Fort Vancouver, and st. Louis
Mo. The leave of absence granted Major w
Il. Rayall, 5th cavalry, Fort Hays, Kansas
has been extended five months.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

THE NATIONAL BANK NOTES received at
the Treasury to-day for redemption aggre.
gated S996,10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22
L'OR ENC URsiONs.

THE MARY WASHINGTON
hss lsrger for PLEASURE prties than any cther
b. FOR CHARTER livery
"a AND EFENING. Regular - n
trips 20 GiymGnt and return Mon z<1CzEEnzzn
cGJ " eduCs days and FTidsys, leaving sab street
wharf At q. m Apply on board, or 70 DR. HOW.
LAND, 2I9 IA street.
IeS-4m p. II fR0TH. President
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-07-22

BERLIN, July 22-Tle town OF Warm
brum and vicinity, in Silesla, has been WIS.,
tied by very heavy rain storms. Bridges and
crops were destroyed.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1875-02-18

Papa, are you grow'n3 taller an 'ng l.,
,ip,1g, NO my cliid; why do you asA
..Cause the top OF your head is pekins
through your hair
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1875-02-18

MANUFACTURE OF RAZOR BLADES
The celebrated razor blades produced Dy
Rogers. of Sheffield. aud which go to ali
narts of this civilized world, are forged out
of bars Of the very best highly car6ohated
cast-steel tilted TO about half an inch IN
breadth and of q thickness sufficient Tor
the back OF the razor. The blade Is hrst
moulded at the end Of the porter-rod ana
then forged. and the edge being brought
ont. the concAve surface Is formed by
working the side on the rouned edge OF the
anvil. It is then cut off, and the tang IS
either drawn out from the same material
| As the blade. or If this be OF superior quail
| ity. q piece of iron is welded TO 1t. Inc
steel used is Of excellent quality, so as 10
undergo the beating necessary to produce
the thinner part, while the back ls leit
thick. Some OF the w0rkmen are so expert
n forging the blades that they will pro,
duce on the anvil an edge 50 sharp ano
even that it can be used for shaving aftel
being wetted. After forging, the blad'
smithed or beaten on an anvil, TO rehae
the metal As compact as possible In
blade is also slightly ground, or scorcheo
after the forging, on . course. dry Sri
stone, to bring il to the shape required an
remove the black scale or coating. In
blade is next drilled for the joint an
stamped with the name then hardened an
. tempered. and ground on whetstone
four to eight inches in diameter.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1875-02-18
poetrp.
Wishing and Having.
BY X, II. srOpDARD.

II TO wish and to have were one, my dear,
You would be sitting now
With not n care in your tender heart,
Not wrinkle upon your brow;
The clock of time would 20 back with YOU
All the years you have been my wife,
Till its golden hands had pointed out
The hsppiest hour Of your life;
! would stop them At that immorta. hour;
The clock should no longer run;
You could not be sad, and sick and old
IL 10 wish and 10 have were one.
You are not here in the winter, my love,
The snow Is not whuling down;
l ou are in the heart Of the summer woods
In your dear old seaside town;
A pAitcr Of little feet in the leaves,
A beautiful boy at your eide:
He il gathering flowers in the shady nooks-
II was but dream that he died
Keep bold Of his hands and sing TO him,
No mother under the sun
Has such a seraphic child as yours
IL 10 wish and 30 have one.
Meihinks am with YOU there, dear wife,
In that old house by the sea;
lthaye flown TO you the bluebird flies
To his mate in the poplar tree.
A sailors hammock hangs at the door,
You swing in it, book in hand;
boat i standing in for the beach.
Its Keel now CRATES on the sand
our brothers are coming-two manly men,
hose lives have only begun;
Their days will be long in the land, dear heart
II TO wish and to have are one.
II 10 wish and TO have were one, Ah me.
would not BE- old and poor,
But Young and prosperou. gentleman.
With never dun al the door;
There would he no past 10 bcwail my love.
There would be no future 20 dread:
Your brothers would be live men again,
And NV boy would not b. dead
Perhaps Il will all come right at last;
Ii may be when all is done,
We .hAli be together in some good world,
Where 10 wish aud to have are one.
-[Harper's Weekly.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1875-02-18

NoruIxG EXTRAORDINARY. - lleuteh-
anr & stationed at Gibraltar. was one
dav on guard With another officer. VIA" uh-
fortunately tell down "A preclplcr four nun
dted feet high and was Killed. II NJ
report appeared this entry w." \. B.-N "ln-
ius extraordinary since guard mounting
shortly aner hi- return 10 quarters lhr
hrisale major. having heard Of the acci-
dent. approached b.. report in hand 70 De-
m,nd al explanation. You say. eIr 10
your report. N. B.-Nothing ex'rtord'- exi.-
nary since guard mounting when y"nr
| brother oil .cr on duty with yon ha> iaiIvu
| down prccipice four hundred Ictt hl5'
anu been killed" well sir, replied ID.
Il dinna think there, ything eXtraord
nary in il ava; ifhe'd fIuu down prect
pict four hundred feet high and 20 beer
killed, should haze thought II very extra
ordinary, indeed, and wad hae put IL do"i
in my report
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1875-02-18
Discussion IN the Legislature L On C4p.-
t-l Punishment.


D-seI154Cl n the l. sEts.4ture ON Cam
All yuu.-T-,.,+
.H' a.t t' abolish clpt4l shmru.
.' .'-'' '.I ''+'' ~
Az .l.,....',....t '"a u ''7. tt"..r,'.
1i'. i'.t uuyrd the fo.1wI4.r afg.,t
mrHt-aN q -A'>tltutr:
I..,t-.... r..,.,-.,. ,.. ..........
t-a...u. .fr.#..#- r.... ......
l...4., .............. ,... I... WI,
"t tl"u.I.
N.,- t..lt> n.r.t.G.rn psu0-4nI u.
-.l. -. I.4-...t ..,. .,.....,..........
t".-.7 ".. '.t.. ..... .. VS.. ..4. -.
tt'H '. t..I~ a' tu. yNuH. ..- .fr"..
~..I v..e.-... -..,.,,.. .a... ..
ua., f......,. Ia. .,..a. .1..
''
The tribune. [volume] (Beaufort, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-14
A Tough Engagement.

The Carlisle (Penn.) Herald says ::
Mr.. Jesse Laverty, of East Pennsboro',
living near Booser's mill, was lately very
much annoyed by rats, which carried off
his eggs and made sad work with his
corn i'll the crib and then invaded his
granary and commenced destroying bin
OF wheat. Mr.. Laverty, ON examination,
found there was but one place where the
rats got in. He therefore resolved to
kill the rats by an artifice well worthy
of the cause. He stewed corn meal
literally on the floor of the granary, and
about one hour later he nailed the hole
shut; he then called his dog "a Spanish
terrier) and armed with o club went
forth to battle. Now the door of the
granary is fastened by long wooden
latch extending full across the door and
can only be opened from the outside,
and Mr.. Laverty on entering the granary
drew the door shut and heard the latch
fall. He then thought the enemy was
his, but this was an error, for the rats
were more numerous than he expected,
and, finding no way of escape. attacked
both Mr.. Laverty and his dog with
great fury. Mr.. Laverty laid on his
blows hard and fast, and one blow, aimed
at rat, unfortunately hit the dog on the
head and killed him. Mr.. Laverty,
thus deprived of his faithful ally, would
have fled, but could not. He then COM
menced calling for help; the rats mean
while kept skirmishing around his legs,
ran up his body, bit his hands, and one,
bolder than the rest, bit his nose. 1t is
impossible to say what the result of this
unequal contest would have been, had
not passing neighbor, attracted by tho
noise and cries, gone to the relief of Mr.
Laverty, who presented ashocking spec
tacle, his face and hands bloody, and
his clothing torn into shreds. Mr..
Laverty being washed and rehabilitated,
sat down to reflect, when he luckily hit
on better plan of warfare. He went
and borrowed twelve cats, which with
his own made fifteen; these he, in the
evening, shut up in his granary with the
rats, and the next morning he found,
on examination, ten dead cats, one blind
one, and two with one eye apiece. The
remaining two were unhurt, and by
actual count he found 119 dead rats; of
the dead dog there was nothing left but
the bones and hair, the rats doubtless
having eaten him while Mr.. Laverty was
hunting cats.
The tribune. [volume] (Beaufort, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-14
The United States Postal Law.

In the New Jersey Senate Mr.. Hill Of
fered the following: Whereas while
Congress has imposed on the people of
the country additional high rates of
postage, it is to be regretted that they
have also in part re-enacted the frank
ing privilege" thus granting free use
of the mails and privileges to a favored
few at the expense of the many; there
fore, be it
Resolved (House of Assembly concur
ing), That postage reform might not
go backward, as is the case in the enact
ing of this new law, justice and equity
alike demend that the law of June %,
1874, regulating the postage on tran
sient newpapers, etc., be restored by
repeating the amendments to the Sundry
CivilAppropriation bill increasing double
rates of postage, and that on the assem-
bling of Congress in December next we
do recommend and respectfully ask that
this be done.
ResolUcd, That our Senators and
Representativesin Congress be requested
to use their influence for the repeal Of
the law.
The tribune. [volume] (Beaufort, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-14

was displayed weeping, congratulations,
smiles and other evidences of feeling of
various kinds.
There were introductions to a respect
able and amiable, looking clergyman,
and there was wedding.
And when Polly, after being duly mar
ried to Capt. Sam Collier aforesaid,
asked her father about "his wedding" "
Blifinch replied "Isn't this my we'd
dingl Isn't it my daughter and my SON.
in-law, and aren't they going to have my
money! My wedding IL should say 30,
rather"
And so it never came out that Bifinch
had privately hired a man to scuttle the
bark Polly, and that he had failed to do
it because she sprung a leak off Cape
Horn and sunk without his assistance.
Sam Collier WAS taken off with the rest
by an English ship bound to Liverpool; !;
got wrecked again was carried half
round the world, while his communica-
tions failed to connect-and all that
time Polly was dying of love and dis
appointment, and her father of re-
morse.
Blifnch became changed man ever
thereafter, and as charitable and lenient
as he had before been hard hearted and
miserly y-alterations which the neighbors
always attributed facetiously to that e1-
traordinary subterfuge known as "Bh-
finch's Wedding"
The tribune. [volume] (Beaufort, S.C.) 1874-1876, 1875-04-14

serted by mother" Emily is now in
her nineteenth year, and has grown to
be as tall as four feet nothing. She is
q very willing good-natured girl, but is
hopelessly afflicted with blank mem
ory. The old women call her "Whac-
key Emily" Whackey" being word
used in Marylebone circles to hint that
somebody is not endowed with as full O
measure of intelligence as the rest of us.
Amongst her favorites in the nursery,
before its removal to the school, was an
other founding whose history is not
without spice of romance. The little
thing, aged three years, was found at
ten o'clock ON the night of June %,
1872, wandering about Cavendish square,
tottering under the weight Of q framed
and colored photograph about eighteen
inches long by one foot broad. The por-
trait represents tall, well-dressed gem
tleman leaningin an easy attitude against
a library table. ALI that has ever been
ascertained respecting this little waif is
that the tall gentleman is its father, who
deserted the unmarried mother, and she
in her turn deserted the child, endowing
it, as sole fortune, with q framed and
colored photograph of its father.