The New York herald., 1875-08-28
WHO WILL Be POPE f?
The Grand Catholic Question, Who
Will Succeed Plus TX?
History Of the Sacred College Of the Vatican
Its GlOrics and Defeats.
The Election Of a Pope--Coun-
ellis and Schlsme.
Living Eminences--Can One of
Them Be Elected?
Or Will Christianity Hear Of New De-
Or Will Christianity Hear Of New De.
parture in the Holy City7
RoNE. August S. 1878.

latcly laVOT OIL fluS lA is one
OF the most ancient institutions in the world Few
porations in Chrstendom possess higher origin can
trace noblcr lineage. In the second century of the
Christian era Eeucro created cardinal deacon
by S. Anceto the year 1857; and tradition intmates
that Orsni, a member OF one OF the four principal
houses or families in Rome, of the first
dnas OF the Catholic Church. During tho fourth
tury in the time when Sylvester held tho ponfcate
seven cardinal deacons, together with presbytcr
dna appeared at Councils held in Rome; and in dona-
ton made by Zenobus Roman senator, to the
church OF Arezzo, tho words, "I JOIN, CARDI-
EAL DEACON THE HoLr ROMAN CHURCH, CONFIRM
PART OF PorE DAxAsus" Pope Damascus
received the pontifca dignity in the year 367 that It
may be concluded that cardinals established and
we'll known institution least in the fourth cen
Iury Of tho Christian era The very name Of cardi-
nal implies an important Office Italians, when they
would describe tho axlctreo OF the heavens, call IL
"Cardine del Cielo," and they term the poles of the
xord 'I Cardini del Monde" To cardinals is somo-
lines applied scriptural allusion from the eighth
verso OF the Second Book of Kings where tho Douay
Version :For tho poles fcdrdinD OF tho earth
the Lords, and upon them He has set the world"
THE GOVERNMENT or THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
certainly in modern times set upon the cardinals, and
may well be imagined that the functions formerly
tachcd TO them Of the very highest dignity and
Importance. They regarded exercising power
tho due administration of which tho welfare II not
existence of tho Church depended, just door de-
pcnds its hinge the universe revolvcs its
axis. Most probably cardinals in the earliest times
acted councillors and advisers to the Bishop of Rome
and as administrators of ecclesiastical funds The
Roman PontG, in his government OF the Catholic
Church, exercised visibly the kind Of authority
exercised by Christ when upon carth and tho Vicar
of ndedI Ieeu of of
and had tho cardinals for his assessors or min.
listers, just as Christ had His twelve apostles
and His seventy disciples The Emperor Frederic H.,
who was by means protector OF the Holy Soc, OBJ
served in letter written in 1880 and recorded by
Matthew Paris, that Gas Christ the head of the Church.
founded His church rock in tho name of Peter,
also he constituted the cardinals SUCCESSORS OF the
apostles" 1t was needul to institute august
bly, of men, who could by their learning counsel com
fort and aid tho PontiG in administration of sacred
things and who could by their and give
pattern to the faithful The number OF printed books
in divers languages giving account Of cardinals prob
ably exceeds at the present day 1000 work printed
in 1892 gives list Of nearly 700 such authors.
CARDINALS ARE NOW CLAssED
cardinal bishops cardinal priests and cardinal dea-
1t was not, however, until the eighth century
that cardinal bishops mentioned Cardella among
list of cardinals living in 494 under the Pontncatc of
s. Gelasius l., reckons twerty eight cardinal priests
under their respective titles and cardinal dcacons
cardinal bishop To the deacons that period no
titles churches assigned but they nominated
TO the several districts wards which the city of
Rome divided, each of the dcacons having
charge Of two wards or rioni There then four
teen rioni in Rome. At the Council celebrated by
Paul in 761 cardinal bishops of Albano and Palcstrina
appeared. In another Council held in 100 by Pope
Stephen Ill four cardinal bishops, OF Ostia, Silva
Candida or s. Rufina Albano and Porto present.
Under Leo Ill is found cardinal bishop of Sabina,
while cardinal bishop Of velleri attended the Council
held in Rome in 853 by Leo w Thus before the close
of the ninth century 1t would that the same
bishoprics of Osa and vcletri, Porto and Rulna,
Abuno, Pacstrina and sabina, which now have cardi
nails attached possessed the same honor. A cardinal
bishop OF Tusculum Frascati does not appear until
1850. Tho seven cardinal bishops were alone priv-
legged say the high altar in the basilica of
st. John Latcran.
rHE ELECTION OF POPE IN THE PAST AND THE
PRESENT DAY.
The present cardinals possess the exclusive right OF
elcctng future Pope They only the persons who
entitled to vote at Papal elections, and they
elect one of their own body and other, to nl
when vacant tho Pontincal chair. 1t was not so in
early times Popes werc chosen at first by the COM
bned voices of priests and laymcn. Tho choice of tho
multitude not limited to bishops, much less to
cardinals and certain occasions very great pressure
was put the eectng body by partisans of ambitious
candidates or by despotic emperors In modern years
has been profcssedy the aim of European Powers to
secure the cardinals in conclavc full protection against
external influences and lcavo them free liberty OF
action when dischargng their important function Of
selecting a Pope Yet under color of providing
rbo
suspected Of design to further their own views
and obtain the election OF pope who may bc deemed
likely to advance some particular line of policy. 1t
may be we'll accordingly to trace the successive steps
by which the present arrangement was reached that
namely, which confines to tho body OF cardinals the
occ Of comforting tiara on one of their num-
Der, thus
For q space Of full $50 years after Christ the Popes
were chosen In Rome by the clergy and laty The
suffrage vote given by those bishops or priests
who happened at the time to bc in the CITY, including
" course the Roman ecclesastcs and cardinals Tho
people laymcn approved ratified the choice. As
night be expected tho occasions OF these elections
sometimes seized upon as pretcxts for seditions
and scenes of disturbance and the authority Of the
Emperor had TO be nterposed to check violence
tumult Hence It was judged fitting by the Emperor
yustinianus, in the year 53o TO issue decree re-
movo
DrssENsIoS AND RIOT
by which Il enacted that election OF q pope
should be considered valid, or confirmed, without the
consent of the Emperor Whatever may have been the
intentions OF Justnianus himself II soon be-
camo the rule that tho Greek Emperors would
not give their consents without a good sum
OF money. Gregory the Great, who was elected
to the Ponti6tatc IN 500, against his will, tried
TO make Of this decree Of Justnanus to escape the
Pontincatc lie wrote 60 the Emperor Maurice, i'm
yloring him refuse consent to the election but
Grcgorys letter intercepted by the Preicct Of Rome
who was advocate Of Gregory, the Emperor
srnt instead OF refusal, ratification Of the election
This assumption Of the right to confirm Papa elections
although recognized We have seem by Gregory was
denounced by tho same popo unjust, niqutous and
yrannical The imperial Intervention, however lasted
for century until the time Of Constantine ~, good
Emperor who restored In 6S4 to the Church the liberty
rfthn ekn Etpn anrin