davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
The Interior Of the Earth.

A Danish Reologist asserts his belief
that the interior of the earth is occu-
pied by currents Of various degrees Of
heat. and that these mix with each other
and attain q certain degree Of tempers-
ture, In the same manner as substances
subject 20 all the physical influences of
the earth's exterior. This theory, in
other words, asserts the well-known fact
that mass Of fluid possessing different
temperatures in different parts of its in
terror must be subjected to convection.
the result being. usually, change of
volume in the entire mass OF circulating
fluid. This change is capable Of being
observed in ordinary experiments, and
may also effect the volume of the fluid
matter in the interior of the earth, pro-
vided the changes OF temperature Of the
fluid are sufficiently great. Il is, how
ever, the opinion of the most eminent
geologists that the Refrigeration of the
earth is now 30 extremely slow rs to
render il quite unlikely that any consid-
erable changes of volume arising from
this cause could have taken place with
in recent periods.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
Versatility.

] am always sorry for man who
knows bnt one thing. gave ten dol
lars to one who could speak and write
FIVE or six languages and translate
beautifully; bnt in the middle Of hard
winter he could not get living. know
another man who had preached twenty
FIVE years, till his throat failed him, and
he used 20 go around looking very blue
and sad, until people pitied him and got
up donation parties for him, because he
was good for nothing except to preach.
] knew lady who had taught school
for twenty wears, ill she was a poor,
nervous broken-down woman, and didn't
know how to make dress for herself.
Now, hoys and girls every real man,
should know how TO do one thing right
we'll. Every wise farmer has a princi-
pal crop; but he always has little some
thing else TO live on. Don't carry all
your eggs in one basket. Don't put all
yonr money in one pocket. Ifyou want
TO get along right well, learn one sort of
work to get along by, and all sorv Of
work to get living with when your
one sort gives outfit. X. Beecher.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
Self.Made Men.

There is great practical truth embOd-
led in the following extract: Life is
school, and it is only its struggles, its
mishaps and disappointments that learn
human nature, ourselves and our fellow
men. 1t is only through repeated falls
that the child learns to stand alone and
walk. He who is the architect of his
own good fortune, character and destiny,
is always a great man. and if we examine
we will find that rinety mine out of ev-
cry hundred Of such men have begun life
without any other aid than sound ply
sical. moral and intellectual constitution
and have been successful in almost all
the phases of life-tasting of poverty,
struggling with disappointment, relegat-
ed to obscurity and undergoing all the
kicks and cuffs of Outrageous fortune" 2"
and finally by the development of their
inherent energies in such hard. rongh
school rising triumphantly over all OBJ
stacles at last
Many an unwise parent labors hard
and lives sparingly all his life for the
purpose of leaving enough to give his
children start in the world, as it is
called. Setting yonng man aAoat with
money left by his relatives is like tying
hladders under the arms of one who can
not swim; ten chances to one he will
loose his bls oder. Give your child a
good education; and you will have given
him what will he of more value than the
on ones resources, is TO be cast into the
very lap of fortune, for ones faculties
then undergoa development and display
an energy of which they were previous
Ty ,1usr,sceDtihlc
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
The Walls OF Jericho.

Mr.. Harry thinks that the walls of
Jericho must have been very much like
some crooked stone walls that he has
seen in the country, to tumble down 80
easily at blast of rams horns. But he
is mistaken, as boys and men so often
are when talking of matters on which
they are not well informed. Eastern
cities are still many of them surrounded
by wide, massively built walls. Houses
are often built into them, so that the in
habi;ants, when they go up to their roofs
find themselves by the parapet which
overlooks the field. Sometimes the
masonry is pierced for windows, which
give a chance for buch escapes as that of
the spies whom Rahab hid on the roof Of
her house by the town wall, or az that
of Paul from Damascus. The walls of
Babylon, built by Nebuchadnezzar, were
ninety feet thick, and over 100 feet high.
The same king built au immense chang
ing garden" high enough TO be seen ov-
er the city walls. It was hinge stone
terraced platform, supported by piers,
and covered with earth for the growth of
trees and shrubs. The king built il to
please his wife, who did not like the fat
country about the EuphrAtes, and long
ed to see something TO remind her of her
mountain home in Medea.
"If they did not have steam engines
and other labor saving machines, il
must have taken a great many men
: many years TO build such walls" says
Susan.
A million Of slaves at work on one
structure was not an uncommon sight in
the days when Babylon and the Pyramids
, were built. In our age, there is no derpot
40 powerful as to compel millions of men.
to work their lives through, to make
him a costly toy.
Jericho was a city Of palms, but they
are all dead now. There is nothing left
but small heap Of ruins and few mis-.
erable hints. One large palm tree snrviv-
ed until 1885. The kind deed OF Rahab
has outliyed the solid nasonary OF kihgs,
and the natural giories Of the ancient
landscape.-[WOrk and Play.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
An Editor OF I77s.

In l775 there were four newspapers
published in New York. Rivington's
"Royal Gnzetteer" was the subservient
tool of the British authorities. ''The
Mercury" published by Hugh Gaine,
was a time-serverand trimmer. Ander
sons constitutions Gazette" was born
and dIed in 1775, and had no influence
whatever. "'The New NOrk Journai, :"
published by John Holt, was the sturdy
and unpurchasable organ of the Sons of
Liberty. Its editor fed the city after
the disastrous battle on Long Island.
and he was heard of afterward as pub
fishing his newspaper at one and an
other of the towns on the Hudson nnder
circumstances that would have appalled,
a less determined man. In the month
of August, 1777, while at EsoptIs, he
printed ar advertisement, in which he
proposed TO take any kind of country
produce in the way Of trade. His pros
pectus reads very quantity: "And the
printer, being unable to carry on his
business without abe necessaries of life,
il obliged TO affix the following prices 10
his work, viz. /: For quarter Of neUs, IL
lbs. of beef. pork. veal, or matton, or A
lbs. of butter. or lbs. of cheese, or IS
lbs. of 6ne -four, or half bushel of
wheat, or one bushel of Indian corn, or
half cord of wood, or 800 W.T. of hay,
or other articles of country produce as
he shall want them, in like proportions.
or as much nancy sas will purchase
them at the time; for other articles of
printing work. the prices to be in pro-
portion to that of the newspaper. ALI
his Customers, who have to spare any of
the above. or other articles of country
produce, he hopes will let him know it,
and afford him the necessary supplies,
without which his business here must
very soon be discontinued" IL is graf
flying to he able to state that the sturdy
patriot survived the Revolution, and
lived to revisit the city. of which he
had been Postmaster in 1775. His pat
riotic labors and sufierings Justly enti-
tied him to the following epitaph: "A
due tribute 10 the memory of John
Holt. printer 10 this State, a native of
Virginia, who patiently oheved deaths
awful summons on the thirtieth of JAN
nary. 1874, in the sixty-foHrth year of
his age. To say that his family lament
him is needless; that his friends bewail
him, ia useless; that all regret him, un-
necessary; for that he merited every e.
TEEN is certain. The tongne of slander
cannot say less, though Justice might
say more" Such an epitaph, inscribed
over the dust of an editor, who had also
heid commission as Postmaster, opens
wide field of emulation to the Journal
lists and officials of these later days.-
[John F. Mines; Scribner for January.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
NUMBER 81.
Allowing Children to Play ON Sun
day.

IL the play of little children is in it.
self innocent, and not Of a nature to
disturb others q mean seriously, for
some people are much too easily dis
tnrbed), why not let them play on the
SabbaIh2 But the example. asys one.
Tire example? IL il just what it should
be. 1t is an example of "sweet reason
ableness" worthy Of imitation. 1t IL
not an example Of worldly buying and
selling, or Of reveling. or unreemly riot
ing. 60 far from conflicting with the
grand old fundamental rule Of love to
God and ones neighbor, il may and
should be made means of promoting
both. The plays Of the children are
their best opportunities of learning the
Gold~n Rule; while, on the other hand,
let any parent strictly forbid playing of
any sort, md enforce an unnatural
quietness of conduct, because il Is
Gods holy day." and the unreasonable
~ little soul straiRhtway ri~es in rebel
lion. "Oh wish il was Mondayl /
hate Sunday because ] can't do any
thing ] like on Snnday!" In polemics
whenever an argument proves too much
il proves nothing and falls 10 the
ground. So, in the settlement Of the
Sunday questions, Jewish or Pur-
itan Interpretation in behalf of the
little ones is only stone Of stumbling
AMI rock of ofFense, a bar TO all real set-
tleInent of this mOnlentOus question.
Who that ponders this subject does not
feel forebodings as to the Sunday Of
the future? And. as the children Of
to-day will Tomorrow hold in their
hands the power over these qnestions of
the morals Of America, let us be wise
enough TO implant in their hearts
genuine love and therefore true rever
ence for that pearl Of all days Let ~
take heed that we offend not one Of
these little ones. NJ independent.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
The Maelstrom as 1t Is.

Nearly midway in London Strait, a i
huge. naked rock, which might fairly
be called an island, lifts itself above the
waters breasting the conflicting currents
caused by the winds and tides. Between
this rock and the cape on MuskonR is
the famous maelstrom, which fertile
imaginatiops have clothed with many
terrors. It's geographical position is
such as to expose it to fierce tidal cur
rents, and, when these are assisted by
high westerly winds, they are, no doubt,
terrific. The bottom of the strait is
strewn with immense powders, which
are so arranged as to give the current a
spiral motion, directed toward the isola-
ted rocks from the northern side, which
is much increased in times Of high tides
and storms. when it whirls qnite around
the island rock. Then il il that il be-
comes really dificnlt for boats and ves-
sells, with steam power, to keep clear of
the rocks against which the hayward
currents would dash them. While there
which give objects floating upon them
fearful spiral motion, there is nothing
like a vortex produced by subterran-
can discharge of the water, although
the tumbling and boiling character of
the spiral current may submerge tenn
porarily objects drifting on the surface.
No doubt, in the course Of time, the ac-
tion of the water has tended TO level
down the bed of rocks, some of which,
we may presume, showed themselves
above the surface. This may have been
the maeistrom much more terrific than
it is now, and better justified the anc-
lent fable. As 10 is in ordinary times,
and in favorable weather, the fishermen
do not hesitate to seek for fares through
out these waters, which to strangers are
suggestive of the most terrible dangers.
IA Summer in Norway" by d. Can.
! ton. &4 s#4is
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
Our World, and What it is compos-
ed of.

Owing to the indefatigable investiga-
tion of the analytical chemists, and to
their zeal in the cause of science, there
is scarcely substance in the world that
has not passed through the ordeal of
their crucibles and test tubes. From
up of comparatively few substances; 30
few, indeed, that we are struck with as
constituent when we consider the innum-
erable variety of form and character into
which those elements are capable of be-
ing nodded. We have all the animate
and inanimate creation, the plants, the
animals; we have the rocks, the earths.
the air and water, in their endless varie-
ty; and yet the substances of which they
are composed do not exceed sixty. On
closer examination onr wonder increases
when we learn that of these elements no
less than forty-six are metals, in the or
binary sense of the word; FIVE are gas
eoup, bodies, like the air-which, indeed
consists of two gases out of these five;
and the remainder are substances of an
intermediate character, (which sulphur
and charcoal are the types. Therefore
everything that we can see or touch
pertaining to our world is composed of
one. two or more Of these six elements;
and in a general way there are rarely
more than two or three blended together
TO produce one result Thus, the white
of an egg is made Of six elementp; flint
stone of only two; piece of wood con.
tains three elements Those three ma
teria!s are the types OF the portions of
the world 10 which they belong. Though
one stone differs from another stone, and
one wood from another wood, and one
flesh from another flesh, yet their com
position is similar, and of nearly the
same elements. IL ia the nature, quality
and property of these several elements
that constitute the study of chemistry
not medicine, for that is but a mere
branch Of chemistry--the composition
of all things. By analogy, the analyti-
cal chemist can state with certainty the
principal qualities and composition Of
everything placed in his hands, what use
to make Of 1t. and how IL is to be appli-
ed for the welfare and benefit Of his fel
low man.
|
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
scrIbner for January.

"New York in the Revolution" il she
leading illustrated paper in scribner for
January, and will probably snrprieo NIL
but genuine old Knickerbockers, on ac-
eonnt Of its bringing TO light number
Of Revolutionary scenes and localities,
about which little or nothing is popu-
Iarly known. Mr.. Scudder's story Of
cupid and Mars" on the other hand,
gives a good idea Of life in Boston dur
ing the siege, and Of Christmas hun
dred years ago. The irstinatallment Of
a series Of Revolutionary letters appears
in this number; and there isa glimpse
Of General Waphington-hy hearHay-in
the opening installment Of Edward Ev-
erett Haie's serial story Of "Philip No
lan's Friends, or, Show your Passports"
This story is to run through The year,
and is an historical romance Of the Mir
sissippi Valley. There is something
about Christmas in the New York arli-
Gle, as well rs in Mr. scudder's story,
and we have besides, poem entitled
"The Kings Christmas" with illus'ra-
tions. Mr.. Clarence Cooks illustrated
papers on hcuse-furnishing are resumed
in this number, and Mr.. John Burroughs
has a paper ON ''House-buiiding, with
plans, etc. The poets are Mrs. s. N. B.
Piau, Z. C. Stedman, Constantine Z.
Brooks, Celia ThaHter, II. II. Hialmar
Hjorih Boyesen, and r. II. sioddard.
The titles Of other contributions are,
"Hooks and Eyes" pictures Of she
French Renaissance" Elementary
Education in England and Wales"
Norwegian Traits" and "ChildhOod'u
Fancies, /" the latter by Col. Higginson.
One Of the greatest features Of interest,
however, Is Bret Harte'a Gabriel Con
roy," Of which there are Eve chapters,
crowded with interest.
DR.. Holland, in Topics Of the Time, "
discusses "The Centennial" "Tho Com
ing Man" "The Prices Of Books" "a
Cure for Gossip" The Old Cabinet has
"somethinE in Favor Of the sentimen-
talist," "Criticism," etc. The Bric'a-
Brac department is principally given up
to ihe makers Of humorous verse.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24

The Cleveland Herald says: Mr.. Fin
ney, in his palmy days, used logic, ana
with terrific force Buchard, another
revivAlist of that day, dealt in imagina-
tion. He could paint hell so that his
audience smelled birthstone. We have
seen him describe hell. Leaning over
the pulpit he would point down to an
imaginary bottomleSs PIT, where the fires
Of hell were lighted, and the souls Of The
lost were writhing, and with his hand
he would wave mp column OF FIRE and
smoke. and at every wave Of his hand,
higher and higher. he would plant on
each fold Of the sulphurona column the
word ''remorsel remorSel ! remorsel 70
until il reached the ceiling, and on
which column every eye in the house
was involuntarily 6xed as he pictured
the fate of the damned. Elder Knapp
was Of still another style. He had little
imagination, and his forte was exhorta-
ton
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24
Bruce's care-RelIes Of Dead Race.

I Mr.. A. ]. Conant, the artist, returned
recently, says the Missouri Republican.
from the Ozark Mountains. where he
has passed week in exploring some re-
markable caves on the Gasconade and
tributary streams, lying principally in
/ Phelps AMI Pulaski counties. Mr.. Cnn-
ant abont two years ago made some in
tereSing discoveries in the region m IN
toned Of human skulls and skeletons.
supposed TO belong To a people who ex
isted before the historic period, and a. it
Is uHderstood that he has been engaged
since 1862 IN collecting the materials OF
work on archaology it may well be
supposed that he il enthusiastic in f,'l
lowing up his discoveries. He and his
party frrt visited Bruce's Cave. so nam
ed after one of the early settlers, who
made saltpetre from the cave deposits.
The cavern IL in the limestone formation
with an entrance about one hundred and
thirty feet in the bluffs above the GAS
conade river. They first entered a spac-
ious chamber, but as the passage narrUw-
ed the party were forced 10 get down on
their knees and crawl some distance
They next made nearly perpendicular
ascent of Fifty feet. with-they entered a
large chamber sparkling hen stalactites
of snowy whitness like alabaster. with
hundreds of bats hanging in festoons
from the roof. Having explored the
caverns, the work of excavation began
at the mouth of the cave; where bodies
and implements were fonnd. They made
a vertical section of six feet, and stndied
the stratifcation of the soft deposits.
The layers changed from black rich
soil to ashes, alternating with strata
composed of soil and ashes intermixed
1t was in these strata that human bones
and fragments were found. The skulls
exhibit low facial angle, and the teeth.
aome of which dropped out, are as well
preserved as if drawn by a dentist yes
terday. There is the skull of an old
man, known from the knitting together
of the sutnres, and also one of an infant
of almost wafer-like thinness and the
several parts separated at the sntures.
Beside the skulls there were found arrow
and spear-heads, flint implements, knives
and avis, for sewing skins, made of bone
very hard and polished; also the bones
of the turtle, deer, and Wild turkey, in
termingled with various fragments of
carnivorous and browsing animals not
yet identified. Great care was required
in exhuminR these remains. as the skulls
were liable 10 be broken by the pick.
The second cave explored was about
mile distant from the former. and is To-
cally known as "Ash" cave, from the fact
that there is a deposit of ashes from the
saltpetre manufactured there about thir-
ty years ago. These saltpetre operations
hav. SO far disturbed the original depos-
its that nothing satisfactory could be
obtained, except one corpse which was
found in a sitting posture, with his
knees drawn up to the face. With this
corpse was also found the nearly entire
skeleton: very much decayed, of an elk
or large-sized deer.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-12-24

So many things have to be taken into
consideration in calculating the weight
of hay in bulk il makes il difficult TO
get at il precisely. For example; fine.
new-mown hay, like red-top or herds
grass, would probably require 500 cubic
feet for the ioh; timothy, $50; clover.
$50; coarse meadow hay. 700 or more.
After being stacked thirty days the bulk
would be decreased from to 10 per
cent, possibly more, according to the
size of the stack and the pressure upon
it. Again. hay will vary somewhat in
measurement according to the time il is
cut. If this be done when ii il just
coming into blossom. as IL always should,
it will pack closer and weigh more per
cubic foot than If left sill the seed begins
TO ripen and the stalks and leaves have
grown coarser and become drier. Good
judgment and some experience in meas
uring and weighing is required to get at
this correctly. A neighhor of mine in
forms me that he once had the curiosity
to weigh his timothy hay as he put il
into the barn in July. He sold il
about nine months after, and on re-
weighing il as 1t came out Of the barn
he found, greatly 20 his surprise, that
il had shrunk TO within fraction OF rs
per cent A. B. Allen, in N. Y. Trib-
unR