The Hawaiian gazette., 1875-07-28
HAWAIIANGAZETTE
AN INDEPENDENT JOURNAL,
DEVOTED no HAWAIIAN PROGRESS
Scientific Voyage Of Il. B. N.
Ship Challenger.
ny MR.. REWARD RREvR,
hawaiian Consul General Tor Australia aud Tasmania,


fWNAUA NNN SHY VI NtN NNHAANNSNA I"
the "CapoH not tewerthan seventy boxes
Of specimens collected in the coorsc d
her voyage up TO that point, wcro packed
and sent or to England; and from the
port OF Sydney about the same number 81
cases Of dcop,Sca Fauna and Vegetation
arr, it is understood, about TO be lis
patched homewarls by Professor w,
Thomson, The arrival in London OF such
a carciully-digeSted mass Of Information
in its most significant iom-not to speak
Of the valuable scientific reports which
win accompany those easos-cannot but
be deeply appreciated in the Great World
OF Science throughout all Europe and the
United States. Doubtless, in some great
National Work mete record will be duly
made of these triumphs OF scientific ne
search, so that the knowledge thus gained
of the secrets of nature may be availed OF
by all that are sudious or learned, with
out any regard to nationality Pending
the appearance of such work, few notes
)however imperiect) taken by Sydney
visitor to the Challenger relative to some
of the discoveries which have been made,
will, perhaps, be not unacceptable. The
various objects discovered, preserved, and
commented upon, viii be simply mentioned
and described just as they were seen on
board by the writer and explained to him,
in more or less popular language, by the
young person who then had them in his
immediate charge,
The scientific staff of the Challenger
have since they left England, collected a
vast number of specimens of the Animal
and Vegetable Kingdoms-and especially
objects belonging to the former. These
rare collections of living forms in the
Kingdom Animalia" include samples
from both of the two great provinces, or
sub-kingdoms ofinvertebrate and YER
tebrate animals, the Vertebrate being
according to Professor Huxley-such as
are possessed of an internal skeleton of
cartilage or bone, distinct vascular sys-
TEN, containing blood with suspended
corpuscules, and (nearly all of them) a
single, valvular heart In their speci-
mems coming under the head of "Vete-
brata," the talented staff of the Challen-
ger have collected many new and hitherto
but imperfectly known fishes" and birds,
with some few other animals of n superior
nature, not necessary here to particular.
In the Invertebrate Province of the Ami
NAL Kingdom the specimens of the Chal-
lenger collection are understood to be ex-
tremely rich, chiefly to what are commonly
but rather vaguely known as belonging
to the classes of the "Radiata," " Arti-
culata," and "Mollusca ut being, of
course, understood that the whole of these
lower classes of the Invertebrate Prov
ince" of the great animal kingdom are
now variously subdivided and arranged.
The classification of all these lower ami
mails is now in a sort of transition state,
passing from the old plan laid down by
Cuvier to the latest system devised by
Huxley; the classification by Culver and
his followers having been practically
abandoned, and nothing yet permanently
established in its place, although the clas-
sifcation invented by Carpenters system
arranges the descending series of lower
animals as follows After the class Arach-
nida lin two orders,) the class Crustacea
in fourteen orders. Then the Vermiform
Glasses: l. Annelida, for leeches and
worms, &c. .. Entozoa, for trichina and
tapeworms, &C.; and 3. Rotifera, for
wheel shaped animalcules. After the Yer
inform Glasses, the Glasses of Mollusca,
which he (Carpenter) separates into the
seven different subdivisions of /, Cephalo-
poda tcuttle-fsh, &c.): 2, Gasteropoda;
3, Pteropoda; 4, Lamelli branchiate con-
chitera; 5, Palliobranchiata; 6, Tunicata;
and I, Polyzoa Below these different
divisions of Mollusca Carpenter places the
Glass Radiata, which includes sea urchins,
&c. Then comes the still lower Glass of
Polypifera; in which are ranged all kinds
of Polypi; and after the Polypifera comes
the yet lower Class of Hydrozoa, in which
are the jelly-fsh, and its congeners. Last
of all comes the Glass of PROTOCOL, which
contains Infusoria," and all the inferior
forms of animal life. A large number of
objects still remain at the bottom of this
classification, respecting which the learned
have not yet accurately determined
whether they are animals or plants.
Amongst these "things" that stand on
the "debatable ground between the an
imal and vegetable kingdoms, the re-
search of a great German zoologist has
already distinguished the different forms
ofMonera, Ameboida, Flagellata, Catal-
lacta, Labyrinthulee, Didtomea, Myxo-
mycetes, Acyttaria, Heliozoa, and Radio
laria. In the PROTOCOL, the lowest divi-
sion of the animal kingdom, reproduction
takes place, it seems, in two ways: by
fssion and nv &C termination (or Ind