davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Mr.. A. E. Magruder and Mr.. VIM.
Finck, left this place on Monday last for
Crescent City, ILL.,. where they purpose
soiourning during the coming winter
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

CborIas f.. Spencer is on visit to
Westerville, with view, we understand
to enter Otterbein College at that place
ut its next session.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22
ADVICE GIVEN nv MAIL
FREE OF CHARGE

No mereurlal medicines or deleserious drugs used
Has during the past twenty yoarn treated anocess-
fully nearly or quite 10000 cases. An facts con
nected with each case are carefully reoaFdoe,
whether they be communicated BY letter or IA
person, or observed by the Doctor or bis aaaooAtn
physicans. The latter are An scientific medical
men.
An invalids at n distance are required 70 nngwer
an extended list Of plain question:, which will be
furnished by mail fres, or Rt tho ofiee. A com
plcte system Of registering prevents mistake or
confusion. Cags books never consulted Gxesph ~
the physicians Of tho estnblishment. For iFss
consultation aend for list Of queationh.
A sixty page pamphlet OF evidences sa Rneceaa
sent free also.
Addrsss DIR. E. B. F'OOTHs-
BOX 1885, New Work.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

From the vast quantities of potatoes
which are being brought to this market.
we should Judge that they will ne very
chem, during the winter.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

i. o. o.
Somerset Lodge No. S52, meets at Odd Fellows
Hall, every Saturday evening at O'Clock.
no. 76 y. A. NJ.
Somerset Lodge, No. rs, +. and A. NJ, meets
at their hall, on Wednesdays, preceding the
full moon of each month.
ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER NO. 81.
F. A. 81. meets at Masonic Hall, on the Mon
day preceding the full moon Of each MONTH
Companions In good standing are cordially inyi-
tedfo attend
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Mrs. Burns has just received splen-
did stock Of Fall millinery goods-em-
bracing all the new styles in bonnets.
hats, etc. The ladies should call and
inspect her goods before purchasing else
where. Her stock is Beyond doubt the
largest, most varied and most elegant
ever before offered in this market, and
will be sold al prices TO suit the times.
s 27w2
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22
Somerset Church Directory.

LUTHERAN.
West Main street. Services every Sunday at
1OH A. M. Sunday School A. NJ. Rev ID. nj.
Wiseman Pastor.
CATHOLIC.
South Columbus street. Mass at and 10 A.
NJ. Vespers T.. M. Rev. d. II. Noon, Pastor
METHODIST.
East Main street. Services at 101l a. NJ.
Sabbath school A. N. Rev. B. +. Thomas,
Pastor.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

The President has appointed the Hon.
Zach. Chandler, of Michigan, Secretary
of the Interior.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

That the farmers in this locality have
materially lessened the consumption of
wood as fuel, is evidenced in the fact OF
the vast quantity of coal which is drawn
through this place during the autumn
season, and which is used by them for
heating purposes, instead of wood. For
this purpose, and in this locality, coal Is
much cheaper and more preferable than
wood, and the latter should be econo-
mized for other more essential uses.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Rev. !. Vanlaw, who comes to this
place from Marietta, as the successor OF
Rev. b. f. Thomas, has already moved
into the parsonage on High street. Our
Methodist friends are to be congratulat-
ed upon obtaining gentleman OF the
scholarly attainments of Mr.. Vanla",
who, we understand, was the editor and
publisher of the Athens Messenger o
number Of years ago. We are pleased
to learn that his six years OF ministerial
labor shine equally bright with that o.
his editorial career; both of which prove
him to be ga workman that needeth no
to be ashamed" We cordially welcome
Brother Vanlaw to our midst, and wisl
him a pleasant and successful futur
amongst Us.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

The Palo Alto iron mills at Potts
vile, Pa, have resumed worn after
years idleness, with 800 men, at a re-
duction of 25 per cent.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Bowman's grocery will be moved into
it's new quarters on Tuesday next.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

AN EXTRA FINE Lor Of Silcer Kaiues,
Forks and Spoons, Of the latest styles and
patterns; prices to suit the times. Also,
the most beautiful g SILVER SPooNs
ever in this city at Curran's. 3w28
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

THE RESUMPTION ACT PASSED.
And the subscriber is now giving gold
and silver in exchange for Greenbacks,
bring on your "rag money"
3w2S j. z. CURRAN.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

A western man who bit his neighbours
nose off was bound over to keep the
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Hayes majority over Allen is over
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Itsis haFaly hecessary, as is our Gus
tom when a new advertisement appears
in our columns, to call attention 10 the
display at the head Of this page, Of the
new firm Of Dittoe & Hull. Their ad
vertisement speaks for itself, and the
promises which it holds out to the
goods buying community may be implic-
itly relied upon. II il the intention oi
these gentlemen to conduct the grocery
business on larger scale than has here
tofore been attempted IN this place.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

If the Tribune does not get this much
for the job, it won't get enough; if il gets
more than this, it will get too much
But, as we said before, if the organ of
the party is to be cut out of the printing,
why don't the county officers having
work of this nature to be done, consult
the interests Of the people, by giving it
to the lowest responsible bidder? That
would be business.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

The public are beginning to find out
that Eastern ready made clothing ia all
a cheat, and that it IL far better 10 have
clothes made TO order; thus getting good
fits and good material. At the clothing
store Of Mains G. Bro. may be found a
variety of frst-class, fashionable goods,
which they are prepared to make up to
order on short notice, and at very reason
able prices.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22
SELLERS OF REAL ESTATE.

OUR connections with other Real Estate
" Agents is very extensive, and aided BY our
advertising arrangements, gives us splendid op-
nortunities for buying and selling property.
" evil do all in our power to secure parcha-
sers.and having found them we will assist theln
in getting " nat they want, with just the kind
uf title they want.
" offer for sale the following property:
27O acres OF first class farming and grazing
lard, with good buildings, plenty OF water and
,,inher, also an abundance of good fruit; miles
south east of Somerset, Ohio, and on very rea-
sonable ternls q @ -
I67 acres miles south Of Somerset, Ohio, in
very good repair, good soil, 100 acres cleared,
good springs and about 800 fruit trees; truly
good farm at low price and easy payments.
I6 acres OF land in Thorn township Perry coun-
ty, Ohio; 3 very neat % story house, good fruit
some tim Der, and every thing in the best OF
pair: a fine little home for some one cheap
32O acres of frsI class prairie land in O'Brien
county, Iowa, will sell cheaper trade for small
| farm In Ohio, or town property. @s
10 acres of land with good improvements,
| good soil plenty of choice fruit and good soft
water, adjoining the corporation o Somerset,
/ Ohio. Will positively sell cheap
/ A desirable property situate in the city OF
| Circleville, Piekaway county. Ohio, consisting
| of a dwelling house in very good repair contain
| ing six rooms and kitchen, good well of water,
| cistern, necessary out buildings, well set with
fruit trees, in healthy locality and quiet neigh
| borhood.
| Also q vacant lot situate In said city andin the
same locality as the above said lott is nicely situ
| ated for building in a good neighborhood. These
| properties will be sold on reasonable terms.
August 8, 1873. v1n17 A##
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

The Democratic magnates in this
county are, doubtless, more or less IN
sore trouble over the consideration, sao
rosa, of certain grave matters-eise' how
can we account for the withdrawal OF
certain official printing from the Herald
and the application of the same as a cat
aplasm to The Tribune? This Is mai
ter which the N. Lex. editors should SCI
forth and explain in their columns at an
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Everybody knors that J. G. Curran
sells goods at reasonable figures, and that
is why so many patronize him.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22
Repairing

neA New Shop, East Main street, near
Russell House. 2v2
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Remember when you want collars,
that they can be bought at the Clothing
Store of Mains G. Bro, from FIVE to ten
cents a box cheaper than elsewhere in
town. All the various styles for sale.
Fine engraving done to order on short
at (Nrrran1o
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22
Ayers
Sarsaparilla

IL widely known
M one of the most
edectnal RENE
dies ever discov-
cred for cleans
| ing the system
and purifying the
blood. tt has
stood the test Of
years, with con-
etautlw mrnwinn
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22
PREPARED RE

Or. ]. C. AVER a Co., lowell @aaa''
Praos6c@E @@@ &Ba@sgete@t clsss'asaaa
so1D nv Ara pRpaGFers FvERrw"sNA
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

Large stock of Gloves, bought
for cash. Will sell them 25 per
cent. less than last seasons prices.
A full line of Collars, Mems Hos
siery, Neckties, DC.
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22


The Tribune, this wees, contains the
old, original Notice to Tax Payers.
which so often graced the columns of the
Herald in the past; and 1t carries It IN
such shape az to convey the impression
that il is used to that sort of thingi
while the Herald ignores Its loss, and
affects stoical Indifference to the process
of sapping which is being steadfastly
pushed forward with the evident design
of bringing about its ultimate reduction.
During the recent canvass the Herald
Iabored with its usual zeal for the ad-
vancement of the interests of its party,
and, we presume, is entitled to fair
share of the credit for the largely in
creased majority which was 'rolled up"
for the party in the county this Fall.
Then why should it be pushed to the
rear, and compelled to forego further
indulgence in the fruits, as 1t were, OF
the victory? If this ruthless treatment
of a trusted organ is owing to an honest
desire to iudiciously handle the peoples
funds, it will not he impertirent to in
quire how much the Tribune gets for
the insertion of this slice. The "No-
tice," properly set up in norpareil type,
would make not to exceed eighteen
squares, and should cost, for six inser-
tions, according to legal rates
1s squares, at 81 per square for 1st inser- -
ton go W
10 Squnr paTe eash iSsertion As 90
| to0 na~ters from same form m,...... 1 90
The Somerset press. [volume] (Somerset, Ohio) 1873-1977, 1875-10-22

1 wvEFY
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

of the most patient has given away at last, and
he must be blind to the signs of public feeling
and opinion who does not see, throughout the
State, the evidences of active and pervading
Indignation. That the will of the majority Of
the Democratic party was absolutely over
ridden in that convention In its nominations,
and that the convention was deliberately
packed TO override 1t is felt and resented, l am
sure, to-day, by the mass of the Democrats OF
Maryland"
This, it will be observed, is the language
Of Democrat speaking of fellow-Demo-
Gratis. It is strong and earnest language
coming from one of the leading members
of the Maryland bar, in whose integrity the
people of all parties have the most IN
bounded and implicit confidence. The
people know that Mr. Wallis would never
oppose the nominations of his own party
honestly made if the principles of his party
were truthfully illustrated by its practice.
And when they see such men as Mr..
Wallis bolt nomination, and enter COM
bination to effect reforms in State and mu-
nicipal legislation, they are certain that
there is an imperative necessity for such
action. The Reform ticket is exceedingly
well chosen, and will command wide and
general support.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

SENATOR WHITE, of Maryland, has just
delivered himself of a most bitter charac-
teristic speech against the Reform move
ment. Although he carefully avoids men
tioning ex-senator Hamilton and Mr.. S.
Tackle Wallis by name, he denounces
their conduct in leading the Reform crusade
in unmeasured terms. Upon Hon. j. Nor
rison Harris, the bold, eloquent and gallant
standard bearer of the Potato Bugs" he
empties the walls of his wrath. He comes
up also to the defense of the corruptions of
the "ring" with the most unblushing ef-
frontery. The merchants of Baltimore
will thank him for his estimate of their
intelligence and patriotism in political
affairs. He as good as tells them to mind
their own business and not NEEDLE with
politics. The Senator had better bottle up
his wrath. The handwriting is on the
wall, and no insane writings of his can
erase it. The Potato Bugs" have got
start in this campaign that will utterly de-
stroY the Democratic harvest
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02
M N

ARNOLD.-0n Thursday, September ~, after
long and painful illness, which she bore with Chris
tnn fortitude and resignation, SARAH Il. ARNOLD,
vile VI Thomas D. Arnold, aged thirty Ave eIrs.
Tne funeral Will take place from 49, Eleventh
street southeast tomorrow (SGadayl at O'Clock
p. M The friends Of III. family are Invited to at
tend.
ANTHoNY.-september q, HENRY ANTHONY,
of consumption, leaving wife aud one child.
Bis funeral will take place this (SzIurdsy) after
noon at 3 clock, from ThIrteenth-street Baptist
church. The immt date IF lends are invited TO at
tend.
H0RIGAH.-On Tu. sday, September %, 1873.
DANIEL HoRTGAN, in the twenty-sixt tn year OF his
age; native Of County Limerick, Ireland.
POULTON.-FridIy morning, at 4:3I CLOCK.
after q brief illness, HARRY MALTRAyRRs PoUL-
TON, oftyphold fever, in the Eighteenth year Of
his age; youngest son Of the late VIM. POulton.
Funeral tomorrow Sunday afternoon st
O'Clock Il ON The residence OF his mother, MIS-. Il.
n. PoultOn. No. 80 ighth street northwest. Rel
tend.
VAUX.-0ctober ]. HARRY L., son OF NJ. A. and
Z. p. Naux, aged fourteen months.
His funeral will take place from his parents res
idence, No. S2s Twenty-second street, this (satur-
day. afternoon at o'cleck.
BUCK.-On the NOR ming OF Thursday, Septem-
Der Sc, in the twenty-third year of her age, MAG
GLE, niece Of Rev. James A. Buck, rector OF Rock
Greek parish.
the funeral services from Rock Greek church. on
Saturday afternoon, October 2, at A O'Clock.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

PRIVATE ADvICEs from Ohio bring cheer
ing intelligence of the progress of the can
vass in that State. Present lowest esti-
mates not only assure the State to the Re-
publcans by ten TO twenty thousand, but
each day of discussion brings acce8sions to
our ranks of anti-inflation Democrats. Our
friends are in good heart and full of courage
and confidence. They are forcing their
enemies to the wall, both on the currency
and the school questions The noble utter
ances of President Grant upon the latter
subject cannot fail to gain votes to our side.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02
SATURDAY MORNING.: = 1875.

We PRESENT this morning another in
stallment of evidence of the unsatisfactory
condition of affairs in Mississippi from our
jackson correspondent No unprecedented
reader can peruse the reports Of the sheriffs
and the extracts from the Democratic pa
pers without being convinced of the sad
fact that there is fixed determination on
the part of the ex-rebels of Mississippi to
debar the negroes from voting. If they
cannot accomplish their purpose by words
they will not hesitate to use force, and even
Ninlpnnn
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02
HORSE DISEASE.


RUPTURE Or H IA.-WHAT
AZ frst-class New York citizens say: ~ tried
truss after truss until had eight, all good as new
Frlend kettleman heard me tomplain Of them, and
ne SAID two dollars day could not hire him to give
up Rainbow's. got IL, and both sides of my rup-
lure closed up sound In two years. III. Fisher. S95
Broom street.: II grew worse with trusses four
teen years. Nefghbor Sanderson told me he got
well by wearing Rainbow's. got It, and after
fourteen years torture with metal and wooden
knobs, j grew sound In ten months with TT.
j. Atkins, 26l Stanton street. 81 used Rainbow's
eighteen months, and being cured, / sold 1t long
ago; am tiLty-eight years efsge.,'-Jas. Dunn,
Rainbow's cured me in ten months. ''-Wm. Cole
man. Henry Grlnnell, IL Bond street, says: II
have paid $50 each for trusses; Rainbow,s Is the
only one benefits me. am now convinced 1t alone
Is the true principle.'' Fowler & Wells say: ave
have taken pains to ascertain where to send inaui
rers for the best truss. We recommend Rainbow's
as superior in many points to any other, 81 had
aches and pains thatI am now convinced were ag-
gravated, IL not caused by truss; advised to try
Rainbow's and in two months Twas stronger and
better than had been for many years. ID. ID. In
gertoll, sr., II Bowery. ''Dr. Rainbow mas re-
heved me from springs and wooden knobs. l rec
ommend II. ''-Benjamin Borden, Rorristown, Pa.
..Dr Rainbow: We are happy 70 say, since year e
pleasureto take exercise. With other supporters
IL was painful and tiresome. '-Mrs. Josepnine
at No. 81 street northwest, before Wednesday
night. No charge for trying one on. .ocl-2t'
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

q truly great service for the Democracy, sas it
shows them just where they can recuperate
strength and fill their thinned and broken
ranks.
Now that Mr.. Delano has time to review the
events of the past half year without the inter-
ruptiOns of official business, we hope he will
consider-of course in a Christian spirit
whether lying pays.-E. Y. Tribune.
We expect to hear just such music as this
floating out to the world through the ample
windows of the Tall Tower until some friend
Of Whitelaw's punches him in the back with
sharp stick and arouses him from the clutches
of the Indian nightmare which has burdened
his soul with its nocturnal prattling for the past
six months. AS to the lying, why no one has
better right to judge other people by himself
than Young Scrumptious.'n
''The third congress of women will be held
in Syracuse in October. The congress origi-
ginated with the Sorosis club, of New York.
Miss Maria Mitchell, professor of astronomy
in Vassar College, is the president1this year.
Many of the most eminent women in the coun-
try will be present and take part in the pro-
ceedings, among them Mrs. Julia Ward Howe,
Mrs. Mary A. Liyermore, Mrs. Stafford Blake,
Mrs. DIR. Gleason, Mrs. Grace Greenwood and
many Others" We find this item circulating
in the western New York papers. There must
be some mistake about it, for Grace Green
wood is in Europe, and likely to remain there
for months yet; and as for the rest of these
ladies, who ever heard before that they are
among the "most eminent women in the coun-
try?" Mrs. Howe is somewhat known to fame,
Mrs Liyermore is public lecturer,we believe;
but what has made her "eminentW And,
pray, who are the rest We never heard their
names before, except that of Miss Mitchell.
| These "eminent" women have shreMd ways OF
advertising themselves. We see no mention
here of Susan B. Anthony, who is really emf
nent, or of Joyce Heth, Matilda Heron, Mrs.
| Cobb, Anna Dickinson, Victoria Woodruff,
| &c. We are afraid these "eminent" women
are more exalted in their own eyes than other
| peoples.
| Reform is a nice thing when the reformers
are genuine and earnest in their work. Re-
form which is inaugurated and blazing up
luminously for awhile, then fickers and grad,
ually becomes dead, is worse than no reform at
all. Shams of all kinds are the bane of gov
/ ernments, of society and religion. When an
undertaking Is commenced which augurs many
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

ALL OF x n 4 n G.
Boys School Suits, o. to sl2.
Boys Dress Suits. 81 10 SIS.
Mems Working s uits, t5 to SO.
Mems Dress SUITE, IS to go.
Mems and Boys Undersbirts. 40c. to t1.5e.
Mems and Boys h ats, 75c., 81 to ..
Mems Linen-bosomS Shirts, 7jc., 81 to e. 50.
Mems Red Flannel Shirts and Drawers, 81 each.
Misses, and Boys school Shoes, 81, $l.25 and up.
Mems Brogans, 81. 25, 81 so and up.
Mems Congress Sl.50, 81 10 to $50.
Mems Calf Congress, $3.50; worth $3.50.
Mems Calf Roofs, IS. 20; worth ..
Mems Calf Boots, custom made, 5; worth -.
Children's Shoes, SSe., &c., Sc. 75c and up.
j. W. SELBY,
1914 & 1918 PennsylVania Avenue
sep2S Between Nineteenth and TWentieth ztE
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

THE NATIONAL EPUBLICAS is published every
morning Sunday. txcepted) at he sou Invest cor
usr of Thirteen b stree and Pennsylvania avenue,
and furnished to bscrIbers Cby carriers) at fifty
cents per month.
Mall subscribers, postage paid, 500 per year,
ti.OO for six month aud SEQ for three months
Terms Invariably in advance.
RATES OF ADVERTISING:
TW.ptv-nye cents per line. Advertisements I'M
dar m. n, al NJ For Sale or R. nt, ~ WANTED"
ssI,ost and Found, :" aud "PersonAl, " twelve and
half cents per line.
Sc All communications, whether on business or
for publication, shoGId be addressed to WIN. j.
MURTAGH, Proprietor, NATIONAL REPUBLICAN,,
Washington, ID. c.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02

THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN, HAS A
LARGER CIRCULATION THAN ANY OTHER
MORNING PAPER IN THE DISTRICT OF CO.
LUHBLA.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02
DRY GOODS


T ARG z o p MN GI
FALL DRY GOODS AND CARPETS.
Remnants Black Calicoes, 6<c.; worthlo,
Fast-colored CalIcoes, o1sc.; worth TO-.
Extra heavy Canton Flannels, 10, l2T and DC.
All wool FIannels, zoe. up-Yery cheap.
Water proofs, 75c. upward.
Dress GoodsI Dress Goodsl
Cloth-shade Dress Goods, 12< to 75cs
Elegant Plaids, Is to sc.
Plain Mixed Suttings. &c up.
Atwood Cancels Hair Serges-
Best things to be found in Dress G00ds In tAis
city for the money.
Black Silks, 81, a. Is, sI.5O. s2-cheap.
Black Alpacas Of the best brands.
Carpetsl Carpttsl Rugs and Mats!
English Bru- sells, sI.25; worth SI.75.
IngraiDs,- 6Cc. up 10 best goods.
MY stock is 100 large, and want to reduce It at
once for CASH, and Bargains are to be had.
An impartial dealer to all, and you can always
rely on good value for the money.
T. n, NAUDAIN,
sesO-tf 100 MARKET SPACE,
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-02
EDITORIAL AFTERTHoUGHT.

The New York Sun publishes long list
the penitentiary inmates whose term expires
before the day Of election. This is performing
truly great service for the Democracy,sas it
shows them just where they can recuperate
strength and fill their thinned and broken
ranks.