davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
XLeaaP Pencil.

The very name OF the lead pencil, like
so many others that have become fami-
liar as household words, is a misnomer,
for there is no lead in it. Red lead is an
oxide of lead, and white lead is car
Donate Of the same metal, but black lead
is neither metal nor compound of a
metal. ltis, as most of our readers are
aware, one OF the forms Of that very
common but very interesting element,
carbon; and is also known as plumbago
and as graphite. The former name is
derived from the Latin plumbum (lcad)
the latter, from the Greek word (gra-
phein, TO write), is a more appropriate
and descriptive appellation.
Graphite is a comparatively rare
though widely distributed mineral The
oldest and most famous mine is in Cum
berland, England, but there are other
deposits in Siberia, in Ceylon, and in va
rious parts of this country; as at Bran
don, VT; Ticonderoga. N. Y. and Wake
county, N. c. There is a valuable mine
OF it at Sturbridge, in Massachusetts,
which has been worked for thirty-five
years or more.
The Cumberland mine is at Borrow
dale, few miles from Keswick, and has
been known from the time Of Elizabeth
1t is probable that it furnished the ma
terial for the 6rstlesd pencils ever made,
and it has always been celebrated for the
fine quality OF graphite that it yielded.
lts wealth was so tempting that it was
sometimes plnndered by the rude people
Of the district. and q special act Of Par.
lament was passed in 1852, authorizing
the employment OF an armed force for
its protection, and imposing heavy PEN
alties upon any one ccns;esea of robbing
it. A strong building was erected over
the entrance of the mine, and the men
employed were carefully searched on
leaving work. ~~.r-re
There are several pencil manufactures
in Keswick lone of which we had the
pleasure ofvisiting when lastin England.
The Head" for the best pencils, as we
were told were formerly sawed out from
masses Of the pure graphite, then yielded
by the Borrowdale mine but the only
mine now furnishing masses large enough
for the purpose is in Siberia.
The wood used for all the better kinds
of pencils is the Florida cedar, which is
thoroughly seasoned, cut into strips,
dried again, and then cut into pieces Of
proper size for pencils These are
geooved by machinery, the leads are
glued into the groove, and the other
half Of the wood is glued on. After be-
ing dried under pressure they are
rounded or otherwise shaped by kind
Of lathe or cutting machine; then pol
ished by another machine, and some
times painted or vanished by third,
which feeds the pencils from hopper
and turns them round under the brush
We have said that lead pencil contains
no lead, but there is one exception to
the statement. The hardest grades Of
pencils used for architectural drawing
have sometimes been made Of an alloy OF
lead, autimony and mercury, The poor.
est kinds of pencils aud those for car
penters use are made OF powdered
graphite mixed with melted sulphur,
sometimes with gum or resin, and cast
in molds. The wood used for some OF
these very cheap pencils is white pine.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
CaIIIng ZOE Aulhors.



This habit is Of foreign origin, as, in.
deed, are the majority Of theatrical
honors and compliments. The. first
dramat;st called before the curtain in
France was Noltaire, aitsr the produc.
tion Of Metope; the second was Mar
montel, after the performance Of Diony-
sius. For some time our English play.
rights we're content to acknowledge ircm
their virtuous private boxes the saluta-
lions aud congratulations Of their au-
dience. What author 6rst stepped from
bis bog to The stage2 II his name can.
not be ascertaIned, at least we have in
formation concerning d dramatist per
fectly willing to adopt such a course.
10 Talfourd the representation Of bis
dramatic wcrks always affords intense
delight. He would travel almost any
distance to see one Of his plays upon
the boards, no matter how humble the
theateF. Macready has left on record
curious particulars touching The frat
representation Of Ion Was called Tor
very enthusiastically by the audience,
and Oheered on my appearance most
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
Pnemmatic Postal service in Eng.
land, I'D.

At the second meeting OF the members
Of the Bristol Institution of Civil Engi,
neers for the session 1915, Mr.. George
Robert Stephenson, vice president, in the
chair, the paper read was "0n the Pneu-
matte Transmission Of Telegrams" by
r. S. Culley, MI c. E and Mr.. r. Sa.
bine, A. |. G. E. 1t was stated that the
length of pneumatic tubes in operation
at the beginning Of the present year was :
In London, II miles ll6O yards; ID Liv-
erpool, | mile 1887 yards; in Dublin, l
mile $40 yards; in Manchester | mile
266 yards; in Birmingham, OF yards,
and in Glasgow, 242 yards. The system
would soon be introduced in Newcastle
and possibly before leug in Edinburgh
and in Leith. The Arrangements in
London were described in detail. 1t
appears that lead had been found more
preferable material than iron for the
tubes, and the tubes were about2l inches
in diameter--a size sufficient to satisfy
the trafiic-that the carriers or pistons
we're Of gutta percha, covered with drug
get, and weighed two and three,quarter
ounces each, and that the annual ex-
penses, including the cost of working
and maintenance, and interest at three
and half per cent. on the plant, was
barely two thirds Of the pay alone of the
staff, which would be required to tele.
graph the messages, excluding altogether
the interest on the cost OF the wires and
apparatus, their maintenance, and the
cost OF conveying the large amount OF
news for the press nov passed through
the tpbes. When an extension Of the
pneumatic system in london became
necessary it was determined 10 ex.
anime very nlosely the theoretical
principles which governed the now
Of air through tubes, and the amonnt Of
engine power required to produce that
flow, so as TO obtain the maximum results
Of speed aud accommodation with
minimum expenditure of power. These
inyeskiEsiiQas and observations, with the
relative formulit and tahleg, formed the
second and third parts OF the communi.
cation. In conclusion, it was stated that
the choice between the closed circuit
aygtaW 10 embrace several stations and
the connection sf each one with the CEN
iFal station by DIRECT FadIatiHg tubes
must always be settled By considering
whether tho correspondence was to he
carried on solely 20 and from the central
station, or if the outlying stationsshould
be allowed to correspond with each other.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

The Gazette u Berrie, Canada, tells a
novel story Of the capture II s wolf by
horse. John Davis, a farmer, owned \
horse which was in the habit Of breaking
out Of the pasture field. On a recent
evening he tied the fore feet of the
aninel together and left him to Craze.
That night PACK Of wolves visited the
neighborhood their hoyie being plainly
heard hy the occupants Of the iAgm
house. n tha morning the farmers
children went 70 see whether the horse
was dead or alive. There was the apimal,
right enough apparently, but standing
ta strange position away "a in the
6eld. A large gray wolf was under bis
fore feet, held tethe ground BY the chain
which hobblsd the horse, Mr. Davis
killed the wolf, obtained bouuq for its
scalp, aud gave the brave stsed an eElVs
feed Of oats.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
MASONIC TEMPLE.
Stockholders Masonic Temple.

TIME FOLLOWING ORDER OF THE DI-
/ rectors Of the Masonic Temple, Of Mem
phis, is the final action Of the Board as to
stock subscribed and unpaid:
Resolved, That the Secretary be required to
collect all stock due the association BY the
first of January. 1861 and that all parties
who refuse 10 pay their stock 10 full by that
time. or give d satisfactory nQle, The claims
VIII 30 pldpaa in tho hands Of the attorney Of
ihs Temple ON the 18th OF January. 1876, for
suit. LOUIS HANAHER,
A. 3. TREADWELL,
8. II. BROOKS,
r. g. CRAIG, .
II, ]. LYNN
DANID P. MADDEN. President.
A. j. WHEELER. Secretary. l-- 8995
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
COUCH BALsAM.
batsam Wild Cherry and Wood
RapthR, '

BaIsam Wild Cherry nnd wood
HH NapthR,
Tor Coughs, Colds, Consumption, Bronchitis,
and and all Diseases Of the Throat and Lungs.
Ihis unequaled preparation Is paying the
usual penalty OF merit. and we would warn
huyersto be cautious in receiving the asser-
tiops ot interruptions parties claiming to have
the same thing. or made in the same
way or just as good" nFIa III ss
we are now nearing,a q season when COUGH
Balsam is placed on It's merits. and when cold
days and nights. and rainy weather, calls
upon cough preparation to prove its efficacy,
and no other medicine will answer the same
purpose as Williams Balsam for the immedi-
ate relief Of the diseases for which il is so
confidently recommended. We earnestly ask
a trial, and rely upon its merits 20 prove our
ASSERTIONS that it Is the BEsT REMKDY ever
offered to the public for all complaints arising
from diseases Of tho Threat and Lungs. Try
II and be convinced Of its magical effect. II
you canpot obtain IL from your druggist, send
10 us and we win forward Il.
All whclzSS.,a orders addressed TO 0. q.
Ward y Bro. Memphis, Tenn, viii receive
prompt attention.
Mono genuine without our Trade Mark on
each bottle. Beware Of c0unterfeits.
Respectfully, Q. q. WARD x BRO.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
TO TENANTS.
NQTICE
70
Navy YardTenants

WOUR SEMI I-ANNUAL GROUND RENTS
j fall duo on tho lalh Of this month. and
no indulgence must be expected, but prompt.
ness with the terms Of tho lease must be cam
Piled with or the leases will DO forfeited.
u. McDAVITr, Receiver,
B-lOl S25 Front street
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
MANHOOD REgTORED.

A VICTIM OF YOUTHFUL IMPRU-
A. aenea, eahalns prematHro deruy, nor
yous debility, eto., having tried 10 vain overy
which be will send froe 70 his follow.sulIorers
Address J n. REEVES. rs Nassau eircss,
New York. W eod.iid
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

G0K POSTERS. SHOW BILLS. CARDg.
L Circulars, etc.. gotten up with the latest
styie oi types and on superior paper 81 any
desired color, 20 To- the Ledger Office and ex-
anime stock aud prices.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

Mrs. Henry" said John to his wife
the other morning it you give me a
Christmas present this year, please
arrange it so that the bill wont come in
till the next month. It's just as well to
keep up the illusion for short time.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
FACTS AND FANCIES.


times cheaper than horse power.
Professor Holloway. of pill fame, says
a London letter, has dropped 100000
in Turkish bonds. He simply wrote in
his ledger, bad debt l-
If man is found drunk in Vermont
he is committed to Jail and kept there
until he reveals who supplied the liquor.
Several are now lying in Jail at Rutland
because they refuse to tell.
A Brooklyn scholar, aged fourteen
years, embodied in a composition last
week, the statement that the idea Of the
devil first came ont of Persia, but it
didn't amout to much until after the di, =
covery Of America
To my Pastor is what New York
lady wanted engraved on a costly china
cup; but it came from the hands Of the
decorator Tony Pastor The comic
vocalist is the possessor Of tue souvenir,
but the lady didn't send it 10 him
And still another bank is busted. -
Well, whena fellow sees those newspaper
headings, he can't help but feel thank.
full to think that he lost all his spare
change on horse race, and cant be
hurried from opulence to poverty.
The habit of Boston dog was to pu,
his fore paws on people and tables and
other things, and sniff until he was
satisfied With his investigation. At last
be tried it on q loaded gun that stood in
corner, and now he has no nose with
which to suiff.
A Boston restaurateur serves up corn
cobs fried Ia lard and sugar TO his Gus
toners, and they like EN-. By-and.by
American genius will roast, slice, and
serve up to hungry men old hitching-
posts and work-benches, and we'll be as
happy as the day is long,
A goose that sees another drink will do
the same, though he is not thirsty. The
caatom Of drinking for company, when
drinking "a dispensable and prejudicial,
seems to be h esSe Of the same kind
and to puta man, feathers osly excepted
sFon footing with goose.
This "a tke way they harrow up
newly married msa's feelings in Still
water, Mimi: aThe marriSga Of Jake
Marty to Miss Glazey was celebrated
last week. The Saltwater orchestra
went out to fuEpisk nRsic to the vast as
semblage Of invited guests. The festivi-
ties were kept up until long after day.
light the following day"
Mrs. Jane Swisshelm writes thus.
"The reign of terror, the war Of races in
Lhs Ronth, must be stamped ont of the
nation" Yes, bnt see here, Jane, can
you look at Nat to0t pf yours and con-
scientiously say that there IS aatbing in
its magnitude to suggest the idea that
.ySu might do the stamping yourself2
-cowisrJo JopgRQi
An old negro living IL Colapbus. Ga,
swears he is lS2 years old he says hs
was born in Africa, aud when q mere
child, while out in the woods eating
bananas, Gen. Washington came over in
@ sa;lipg vessel and captured him. After
his arrival ia the United States he waited
upon the general, uniii, one day be got
mad and sold him to genre&an il
eoigmbus.
The Gazette u Berrie, Canada, tells a
novel story Of the capture II s wolf by
horse. John Davis, a farmer, owned \
horse which was in the habit Of breaking
out Of the pasture field. On recent
evening he tied the fore feet of the
aninel together and left him to Craze.
That night PACK Of wolves visited the
:. ond HAT h.,.,. k...,,. II al,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
The Discoverer Of california q

The DiscOverer of California Gold.
A Washington letter to the New York
Graphic says. '-'
To-day | saw old General Suffer- on
whose land gold was,frst discovered in
California, stepping out of car on the
avenue. A more pitiable instance OF
great old age, uncempensated and neg
lected, ! never knew. II was in bis mill.
race near Sacramento the precious gold
dust was FIRST seen by Americans. He
IS native of Switzerland, but went to
the Sandwich Islands to cultivate
oranges, and thence to the Pacific coast
OF America, where he took large tract
Of land under Mexican grant, with the
hope that the United States would some
day stretch out to him. But it came,
like Jupiter to Danae. in golden shower,
and the rush OF miners trampled over
his fields, killed his herds and made des-
olation in place of the fair estate they
had found. From that discovery came
the most enormous tribute nature ever
paid to man. The present years yield
OF gold in California cannot be less than
100000 600 in specie, aud while this
immense tunnel of wealth has been flow
rag for more than quarter of Il century,
and great merchants and bankers have
been made by its possession, poor old
Sutter, on the brink of the grave, is un-
able to find an ear in which he can tell
his story. He is now more than eighty
years Of age, and lives in little cottage
at Litiz, Pa, where he is educating his
grandchildren at German school. The
whole world has been exercised by Raj
stons fate and Flood aud 0 Brien's for
tunes; yet here is the man at the source
OF this mighty romance with scarcely a
place to lay his head He is kindly,
gentle old person, but he has passed his
age. Some morning during the session
there will be an announcement OF his
death, and then perhaps Congress will
give the tardy stint Of its generosity to
the golden farmer" He has claim
for damaoas here In.n1 s
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
GROCERIES.
NEW GOODS
For the Holidays.
GROCERIES.

Select Layer Kaisins,
New MInce Neat,
CitrOn and Figs,
Dried German Pears and Cherries,
Choice Apple Batter,
Choice Maple Syrup,
Extra fine Smoked salmon,
Fancy N. Y. State Cheese,
Gilt Edge, Creamery ana Roll Butter,
Extra Large Cape Cod CranberrIes.
Windsor, Manor and Underwood
Pickles,
Adam ExtOn's "TrentOn Crackers"
Almonds, Filbsrts, Cream Nuts and
Pecans,
A full line Of Jellies aud Preserves,
California ApricOts, DamsOns and
Pears.
VIM. DEAN & CO.,
La 100 Do,.I ck4
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

THIS THE THIRD WORLD AND PAYS THE
-
dividends
and
ears spremiu S
an have been excluded from the
nthen
q like warthOss character will bfoed to retire "
of the
we furnish the following practical Illustration merits
this dcm
o.
2 o
Mutual Continenal.".~.
ual.s".,u
i will be noticed stthe
companies to their policy holders
..--S26
l
that the holders
dividends is
Moneypad for we'll osucha
PIT nan thrown away when paid the weak
We will attention
Ito
regards the character standing iV"'
the kind send address OF
solicitors find
District and Local wanted the Apply to
WARNER State Agen "a Madison 2S7 Memphis Tenn
Sl-lM = a. t'. Tr9' 7F
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

TNHE PUBLIC LEDGER is PUBLISHED
i svsfs sfterHoo texcept Sunday at No. lS
Madison street.
The PuBLIo LEDGER isserYed 70 city subseri-
oere by faithful carriers atFIETEEN CENTS
PER WEEK, payable weekly to the carriers.
months. "a; three months, 81; one u onth,
rs cents. Postage free.
Eswsdsalsrs supplied ct ~ cents per copy.
Weekly Public Ledger,
Published every Tuesday At S2 per annum. tit.
advanced. Postage free.
Conmnnieations upon subjects Of genera
interest to the public are at all times accept
Rslssssa manuscripts WILL nor be orssurnsd.
RAlfRs'OF ADVERTISING IN DAILY:
first insertion,.....-.......-...sl % per square
rrupsoQueht ihsertl0ns.""...... 80
Eor one W eek---s..,., ,.,.,.......... "
eor ,W0 Weoks.....-.................4 5O
por tnree Heeks.............."...... W
tor one month........................7 I 81
RATES OF ADVERTISING IN WEEKLY:
First inseftlon. 81 90 per square
subsequent insertiOns.......... so
Eight lines Of nonpareil. solid. constitute a
Displayed advertisements viii be charged
according 70 the sPAcK occupied, at above
tAtes--thcre being twelve lines Of solid type TO
the inch.
To regular advertisers we offer superior in.
ducements, both as to rate Of charges and
manner Of disDlavine their favors.
Notices IN local column inserted for twenty
eents per line for each insertion.
npsciai notices inserted for ten cents per line
tor each insertion.
Notices OF deaths aud marriages. twenty
oents per line.
All bids tor advertising are due when con-
sraeted and payable on demand. N 81
All letters, whether upon business or ether
sise. must be addressed to
Il. RHITMORR,
PubliAher and Ptoprietor.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
LOUISVILLE AND NASHVILLE
@-AND ~
Great Southern Railroad.
MISSISSIPPI g. TENNESSEE
RAILROAD.
Change OF schedule.

MRMPHs. Tenn, October 80. 1875.
NN AND AFTER SUNDAY, OCTOBER 81.
" 1876. trains will run as follows;
Leave. Arrive.
New Orleans mail, daily..a3:30 pm. 2;25 pm
Express train, daily lex
cept Sunday. l...............5; pm. $50 am
Freight and Ac'm' dation,
daily Except Sunday. am. 4:S5p.m
22-t NJ. BURKE, Sup't.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
MEMPHIS AND CHARLESTON
RAILROAD.
CHANGE OF SCHEDULE.

|ONAND AFTER SUNDAY. AUGUST %.
" 1875:
Mail train daiIy~.........1l:00 am. 800 I'm
Express train daiy.......... $40 am. 1910 ?. m
Somerville train daily
Iexcept Sundays) )......... 4:50 pm. sos am
No change Of cars between Memphis and
Bristol. and only one change of cars TO Wash
Close connection for all points East and
Southeast.
Railroad time is twenty minutes faster than
city time.
W. ]. ROSS, Gen'l Sup't.
TOM B. DUNN, Ticket Agent, 27S Main st.
22-xxiii-2l hT "a E NJ at p.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
MEMPHIS TENNs MONDAY EVENING DECEMBER 20 1875

heartily. Miss Ellen Tree was after
ward called forward. Talfourd came
into my room and heartily shook hands
with me, and thanked me. He said
something about Mr. Wallack, the stage
manager, wishing him to 90 on the stage.
as they were calling; but it would not be
right said, On no account 10 the
world. BE shortly left me, aud, as |
heard, was made to go forward to the
front Of bis box, and receive the enthu-
siastic tribute OF the houses grateful
delight. How happy he must have beenW
In 1888, concerning the frst night Of
Woman swift, Macready writes: Acted
Walslngham in very crude, nervous
unsatisfactory way. Avoided call by
going before the curtain to give out the
play; there was great enthusiasm. Led
on Knowles, in obedience to the call OF
the audience But Knowles was not an
author only; he was an actor also, He
had trod the boards as master Walter
and in other parts. although be was not
included in the cast of Woman's Wit"
No doubt, from Macready point Of view,
this consideration rendered his case very
different from that of Talfourd.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

The Lowest Premium is $2.IO
Eaca Fraction must draw this sum.
All Fractions will be. good with Sl5 to pur-
chase a whole $40 Bond.
This is chance for fortune, and no chance
for loss.
A s20 Bond participates in four drawings
each year. until it has drawn one Of the fol-
lowing premiums;
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20

100000.
$2l, $50, 500. 5000, $500, $500,
$1,000, $4,000, $4,000,
$4,000, $4,000.
500, 600.
The Bonds issued by the Industrial Exhibi
tion Co. are a COPY Of the European Govern
ment Loans.
The Bonds are a safe investment.
PEOPLE OF SMALL MEANS
Can find no better OF safer Investment. No
chance of loss. A fortune may be acquired
On December 6th--0n January Sd
PURCHASE NOW.
How to Purchase.
In person. or BY certified Check, or Exnress.
or Postal Order, or Draft. or enclose 6reen-
payable 10 the Industrial Exhioition Co.
The funds raised by sale of hese Bonds will
be applied to the erection Of
CRYSTAL PALACE,
Which Every American will be Proed OF
REOOI.LECT.
The Industrial Exhibition is leeitimats an
tsrprise, chartered by the State Of New York.
York.
1t has had seven drawings since July, 1874
and paid out in principal and interest.
$75O,OOO.
Any one obtaining. a premium, the Com
pany pledges itself not to make public.
This enterprise is simply new form OF
bond in no sense isit to be recognized as
There are no blanks. Be sure and purchase
at once.
s 8 will buy Fraction for December 6, 1875.
. 5 will buy Quarter Bond for Jan. 3, 1875.
$40 will buy Half Bond for Jan. 3. 1876
$40 will buy Whole Bond for Jan. 3, 1876.
All Bonds are exchangable into city lots, in
the suburbs Of New York city.
Each BondholdeT is regarded as an hOnorar,
member Of the Industrial Exhibition Co., and
Is welcome atthe rarlors Of the Company No.
IL East 18th street.. Agents wanted.
All communications and remitiances 10 be
made to the Industrial Exhibition Co, ~
East 18th street, between 9th Avenue ana
Broadway, New York city. N'7 ,iI'
For the purpose Of giving the nOndholdsrs
plete information as 70 the progress Of tho
ompany, and complete list OF the draw
ings, an Illustrated Journal will be pub
lished, viz; .
The Industrial Exhibition Illustrated
Subscription One Dollar per Year.
ANY one sending q club Of Is subscrihers.
with $40. will be given Premium of one Frae.
ton or a Bond; club Of q subscribers, q
Adde'S,
Industrial Exhibition Illustrated,
l2East nth Street, New York City.
$50 win Purchase IL Fractions.
For full Information apply 10 a
4g-lQ6dAw q. III. SAMUEL. 2i6 Third
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
OFFICERS:

WIN, NJ; HARRINGTON. President.
II. I. LENNON. Yice-President.
J.A A. SIMMONS. Secretary.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-12-20
$50 WIN Purchase I3 Fractione.
MANHOOD.

For full Information apply 10
!g,lQ6dAw @. u. sAMUEL. GAG Third