The New York herald., 1875-12-20

iar matters. Neither aid the government look after
their welfare AMI they "a similar way, felt lhe con-
stant brutality of the ruling Osnauan population. But
while the Turkish government and the Greek clergy
hold together the Roman Catholic clergy -
on account OF THIS state OF independence
particularly troublesome TO the Turkish Ministers;
il engages zealousy in missions and propaganda,
and for this u dctestable to the Greek popu
laton also 10 the turkish government These
antpaIhies exceedingly strong and energetic
There In general three why's imaginable lor
the healing OF the mmeasurable evils Of when
the Ottoman Empire Is dying away. The one oi
these ways would be directed toward re establishment
OF the ancient Ottoman Empire strengthening Of the
Aohammedan executive power on foundation oi en-
tire security OF law and right 10 the Raah y y .he
ideal form in the eyes OF the greater portion " the
Turkish population, OF most OF the pascnas, SPANS,
ulemahs. kads and mollahs. They have. beyond
doubt the Koran and It's directions on thelr side out
il q also certain that by adopting the same means
which, in the sixteenth century made the Empire great
they woald, IN the nineteenth century speeuhy ue
stroy II
rHEY HAVE nEcoNE WEAKER, THE RJAH srRoNGxR
Even without foreign intervention, 80 coinple.e l an
Osmanan victory would be doubtful ana the european
Powers would never permit IT, The second system
runs quite opposite direction, ana would Wish 70
restore the sinking Empire by means ol reforms IN the
Occidental European conccptionreforms az well as In
the manner and way OF the general administration, as
also m he relationship the Osmans stand TO the Chris
tans II Is the system OF the Sultans Selim III and
Mahmoud 1.-THE system which placed an army, or
sanzed amer European fashion In hen Of the lanssa
ries and begs, made all sorts Of expert
ments in the finances but which, above all,
during the late war on being strongly urged
Radcliffe proclaimed entire revolution In regard 10
the position OF the Rajah. IL eliminates in the cele
CODE the Hat Humayum OF the 18th OF February,
1856 and in the which prepared and amended
that law According TO II there Is to be no distinction
made in the civil rights any further by reason OF their
creed between the different subjects OF the Sultan All
inhabitants shall enjoy equal rights OF property, or
justice and confession. Administrative offices and
OF law shall be created consisting OF Turkish and
Christian judges and assessors The evidence of
Christian shall be of equal value as that Of Turk The
Christians are not to pay than the Turks
in "A
consist Of Christian regiments. The Chris
tians are in secular matters to have
secular administration; the clergy IS to be limited TO
ecclesiastical privileges and TO be confirmed in the
same. The peace negotiation at Paris IN 1856 recog
nzed this Legislature with thanks not concession
TO the foreign Powers but as spontaneous act on the
part OF the sovereign Turkish government, and there
European Powers. All this would, OF course, be ad-
mrable, II II shown that II could be carried into
effect But the entire Turkish population stands as
opposed TO IL, in exactly the same manner IN
which it frustrated the carrying out OF the similar
Hatticherif Of Gulhane November 2, 1889. The
mixed authorities of justice were instituted,
but never came into force. The testimony
Of Christian Is to be valid, but no judge takes any
notice OF As yet no Christian has been recrultedfor
military service; the Christians themselves
prefer continue to pay the poll tax
10 bearing the burden of service for
government odious TO them. The Hat Humayum
contains everything that correct principle consdera
tlons demand with the exception OF thing the
first and the last that should be edemanded-namey, that
the constitution should be adapted to the degree OF civ
zation and the nature OF that civilization in the
nation. II proclains intermixture without dsttnc-
tion OF the various and creeds Unfortunately,
however these all vie with another matter how
they differ otherwise in the one aim Of abhor-
ring and avoiding this amalgamation Its
eculion would immediately scatter the whole Empire.
The third system proposed still remains to allow the
separation or the nations and creeds remain is
TO gve however to and all especially to the Chris
tans hitherto oppressed firm footing as TO the ad
minstraton of justice to go on II the system which
ior eighty years past has before everything else
been represented by Russia IL aims at bringing alle-
Walton to the Christians, not by amalgamatons
REGARDLESS OF DISTINCTION OF ALL THE DIFFERENT
RELIGIONS,
which nobody desires but by placing together
OF the Individual in their national ties combining
ut the same time and improving the existing municipal
and ecclesiastical institutions, in such manner how
ever, to leave them compatible with the national
principle. II. therefore, BY no means calls for plac-
ish army; distinctly however, develop
ment OF administrative, juridical and financial
completeness and commonalties INTO national groups
connection with that OF the churches each commonalty
TO manage its affairs, under the guidance OF the
ants issues law between Christians TO be tried be
fore ecclesiastical court, those between Christians
and Turks before mixed courts of law each nation to
have representative IN the Provincial Administra-
tive body and also representative at the Sublime
Porte the patrIarchs TO be verify and truly chosen by
independent election and be deposed the
ccsasca institutions, however, are 70 be conlormable
TO the nationaties, divine worship u be per-
formed In the vulgar tongue, and the clergy
district and the election OF the patrarchs
be limited to the Greeks This system has preference
completely to the conditions OF affairs and TO the
people and that 1t builds further on the ground OF
given facts whereas that OF the Hat stands completely
the air aud would ignore the substance Of develop
spreading over 400 years. The 0smans
would for that matter have paid as little respect to
such Legislature TO the Hat. and for this reason
Russia had, through Prince Nenischikoh, demanded
Tor herself the placing Of guarantor OF these liberties
Such guarantee would, however, have amounted TO
Russias ruling the rayah; the system which, without
IT, wound be powerless against the brutality of
the Osmans turned with t. Turkey into prov
inca nj wac
rise TO the and led TO the alliance OF Turkey with
the Western Powers. II was in this connection that in
the Paris Peace Convention, Turkey managed to avert
any control on the part Of foreign Power-"to what
purpose - SAID she, "a CONTROL after the Sultan has
granted the entire emancipation Of the rayah through
the Hat Humayum s-and with II that any real i'm
Improvement in the condition OF the rayah become ni
possible. Nothing was therefore DONE and the Paris
Peace treaty felt entirely satisfied with the Hat Huma
yum, which was and remained a dead letter.
THE CONSEQUENCES KNOWN
In reality nothing has been done since France was
obliged intervene armed lew years later in Syria
Bosnia and Montenegro remained in perpetual fer.
ment The Bugarians have since 1862 as good as
Of the Greek pariarchs. No doubt it has
been said that such a constitution of the rayah
demanded BY Prussia or even Russia. would, under
all circumstances lead to the dissolution or the En-
pre- that the rayahs desire nothing else The Osmanian
brualities OF 400 years duration had embtiered them
for all. No alevation OF their position would
improve their frame OF mind but only hasten on their
rebellion. This IS possible but not exactly probable,
as the Greeks Scavonians and Buearans are uufayor
ably disposed toward another as also toward the
Turks And is certain that this danger would have
To be rsked for the given circumstances are intoer
able. without ameoration there can be no
thought OF queincss, and without European nerven-
tion any attempt a real improvement is futile.
/ will leave IL undecided whether his interest
In the motion weakened by the fact that It's
realization would not have forced the continuance OF
the Empire to break up certain the Rus
sian proposal You will rccolcct also that IN 1886
Prussia still held very humble position IN Europe and
her Minister had subsequently entered into the confer
by back door aud could not speak with the
thority with which the German Minister Penipoten-
tiary is alter lapse or twenty years, able
10 do, The Prussian motion proposed not
like the Hat Humayum TO proclaim without further
ado the equality OF all men, but 10 acknowledge and
maintain the existing differences, aud only TO const
tute them regularly. IL differed materially, however,
from the Russian one in that Il did not affect the ccclc
sastical condition OF things IN any way. and
equally far trom demanding the constituting Of ind
vIdual groups, but conteued itself with the securing OF
the right Of the individual the security of his personal
safety and OF his life and property