The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1875-05-15
yErrlED RIVERS N EUROPE


late number OF the New Orleans Tones.
In view of the fact that Capt. Fad. is
about to b@gin the work Of putting in Jet
ties at the mouth of the Mississippi. they
will be read with interest.
There are some nineteen or twenty riv-
ers in Europe that have been improved at
the mouth By mean. Of what are popd-
larly called je,ties. but which might be
uorc accurately designated 81 parallel
| dikcs, since In most instances the works
stop inside o. the bar. they are intended
10 remove and do not jet into the rivers
at all. In every instance. the obstruction
TO b. removed i bar formed by the PR
cipitation of the seiimen; brought down
by the rivers. With one or two exeep-
tons. these works are all Of very n-cent
date. some OF them not yr; wholly COM
ple;ed, and mos, Of them unhearl Of by
the general reader. and perhap. by many
engineers who do not Rad The language
in which the original aud only ncport.
| are made.
From photographs Of the maps accom-
panyiDg the official report. Of the works,
which We have been permitted To eN-
anime, we have CLEARED some inf,rina-
ton Of general interest. The mouth of
the Danube l. the best known instance of
the application Of jetties to the removal
of sediment bars. Tho Danrbe carries a
great volume of water. heavily charged
| with scdimcntary matter, into the Black
sea. In consequence. il ha, formed
large delta, through which 1t discharges
its waters by three channels. The cun-
formation at these mouths u s,rikingly
similar to that Of the Mississippi outlets.
The position Is the same with reference
to the points Of the compass. Nortl, or
kelid pass of the Danube discharges
about sixty per cent OF the water of that
river. Pa.s-a-fOutrc discharges about
fifty eight per cent ri the water Of our
river; the Sulina. or middle pas, Of the
Danube. discharges one-tliirteenth of the
whole volume. South Pass one-twclfth
the 81. George pas, corresponding to
the Southwest Pass. discharges the
same proportiona,e amount "a
the latter, viz, about thirty
per cent. The >ulina pas. wa. selected
Pseaa's i, Ma the ..! ehespsstWsleugh j,
mel, having only ten or twelve feet inside
the bar and up TO Galatz-and because
the primary object seems to have been TO
secure port on the Black Sea rather
than deep channel mp the Danube. IN
ls6s, when work va. begun. the water
on the bar at the mouth of Sulina Pa.
was eight and one-halfto ninc feel: In
1913 1t Wa, twenty one and cne-bsli feet.
The work ]. considered satisfactory be-
cause large vessels now come over the
bar into the harbor. but unsatisfactory
because they cannot pass on up the river.
a, they might have done had one OF the
larger passes been improved. This Or
lection. however. could not ap ply a,
South Pas. because vessel. once over the
bar will find abundance Of water thence
TO New Orleans. The time required 10
form new bar of the Sulina. and its Do
siiion and the manner In which il will d. |
by the je.ties remain to h. DE-. !
The river Dyina. In Russia. which /
eInpties into the Cult Of Riga. ha. jetties.
great many year. ago, the
works being the Oldest Of any importance
in Europe. The original depth on the
bar at the mouth was six feet. This was
By the old works 10 fifteen feet.
and has since been still further increased
by prolongaiion Of the bikes to eighteen
ieet
The l.iban, small river IN Russia.
which empties into the Baltic. had a
depth Of Fix feet on il. bar. which has
been Increased by dik.s 10 sixteen feet.
The Niemen. in Prussia, flowing into
the Baltic. had an original depth on In.
bar OF ten feet. The preseut depth l.
twenty-three feet. attributed. Of course.
70 the jetties at It's mouth. The .edi.
ment Of the Niemen !. caught in a gr.a, |
Hail or lake few miL.s above il. mouth. |
consequently the waters enter the Baltic
perfectly clear.
The Persante and the Wiper are
two small, acknowledging river. dis
charging directly into the Baltic. They \
have been jeitied quite recently. The
original depth at the mouth Of each wa.
about four feet the present depth Of the I
Persante l. fifteen feet: of the wipper.
thirteen feet.
The river Warnc, on which the port OF |
Ro.tock is situated, aud which discharge,
into the Baltic, had an original depth Of |
Fix feet. This has been increased 10 tllir. |
Teen feet by the action Of the current cou. |
i'"ed between parallel dikes.
The Nissa and the Rome, two. small
ri'ers IN Sweden, which discharge into |
the Ca'tegal, had originally only i've and |
six feet at their outlets, which h,. -
increased by the same agency TO ton and |
twelve feet.
lie khone, la France. has is nayiya.
Die outlet through an artificial channel
extending TO the Gulf Of Foz, aud thi. (.
successful ship canal two and half mile.
long, with twenty feet of water. which
cost l5.0Oo,0Do franc. and seven year,
labor.
The river Pernau, moving into the
gun OF Riga, was secured out by je,tle.
from six 10 twelve feet.