, 1875-04-26

supplied with water, ami arranged with closc-
iltiin; covers and steam-pno opening within
tho itIc!osuro to cnab1e the lasin ~ Ge dl.itl-
fectc.l iron. timo to Tina by 1tcasn. The snk
Tor ward slors ctc., should 30 III the aame
apartment with tho Wate:-closesg Tho watar
system for closets. although attended With
allo III large hospitals: provided ll.o
aoworaee la good aud tho drail, p;cpcrly yen-
tatcd Tho iattor ran be accomplished Ly
carrying tho aoil-ppc. full eizc. through tho roof
and leaving IT. oEeu for tho ckcaPo u eli g1ses
HEADING AND B:tcEiEa Eoo1.
It is desirable to 1layo room CONNECTED with
coch maic ward where tho taticats Sho aro :9c;l
cuougi, 10 leaso tllclr tc6a cauEt during the dag
TO read aud b:ookc.
NunBrs' noo.:s.
Tie nuYAes' room ehoEld 10 rfEccd near tho
cn!sauce to tho ward, mud rrovtcd with win
dow which commando q ticT of itH cutire length.
1.y this means thu supervision by tlle rulse IL
luado eaBy mud moro ctfectual, which IL quits
arn often Bnyed from serious snfkcll:.ncea tY the
3,uclv intoftolcnco OF tho nurse, 60 sllst tho TN
portance Of tAis IL obvioua.
Notwithstanding geneia1 tl4ntng.ro room mar
bo provided, it III Desirable that tlc:o sl.ou lo
. tI,om connected will cac!, ward fer this FUR
POGO, which SHOULD he SUPPLIED With l. small
range fer nEccta1-diet cooking. Preparing fer
mentaltona, otc.
.1ATEA1AIg Fo1t FLOORS
1fospisal floors sLould Le mazda of compact,
cosc Eir;,icd wood. 6ucl MI cherry. oak, or assl.
nud with tho io,nts tiled Will. aiiiso lead in oil
to 1nHuFo an 1mperyiouB surfaro. 1t is iinpor-
tattt to I'LL tho porch OF tho wood to prevent Lilo
tlcor from absorbing or holding water. fnis
may 10 accomplished by laying u. with brush
ctAcr parailino dissolved in ono Of tho cheap
Ararocaslou oils. Or boilod linsced oil, or bees
wax. Tho old cuatom ot acr,sbbtug or SECURING
tho ward floors choul1 DO abolished.
WALLE AND ckt1lSGs.
Scarcely lees thnn tho floors, tho walls md
cctiings or hospital require = Hlnooth, hartl
and, as nearly as possiblc. uon.abBorben4 sur
feca. That plasteEed walls absorb, organic
pants Of tho building, abundant examples
provo. Tho Jcws, tie earliest san,tasista.
understood thla subject, - md applied
p5;ae'I,ca1 I rsaedT They y.,,,o esfaped g
city into at, unelean place" LEV, xiv., ao-a5),
ac1 wheo this did not suffice, they toro down
their stono houses and disposed OF tile atoncs,
mortar, aud tlnlbcr In tho eame way. Walls ct
Parlen cement afo recommended and psel
abroad. but tho cotnont, from It's hardness, Is
liable to crack when applied to lashcd wallis
aud ceilings. Until Homa better material for
covering walls Ia discovered or invented 1t IL
lcjiayod that smooth lllno and sand plastered
oil, aud frequently "whitawashcd" with lsme,
s suits sa ans paa s1; Tow szsa lis r seesa 81 q
printing or Bctaplng anl "whitowkshsng" tlso
walls would necosstato tho yacating Of tho wntd
eating Of ward from time to tino aud opcn~
Ing Wido tho windows TO admit fros currents Of
outer air will rotuovo the peculiar hospital
oaoz.-a fact wh.eA have observed in OK
amtning BONG o: the old marine hospitals
which haa beon abandoned for time. It seems
almost supertluous to add that the walls should
bo treo from all unnecessary augles Ina orua-
mentattona uron which dust would be liable to
veiely plain, go Us to bn easily claaned. Tino,
covered with several coata of ehaIl.c yartieb,
auswerB tho purpose we'll, and Ia economical.
I1oliT. HEAT, AND VENTILATION.
Tho winlowa at o ward should bo opposito
oaeh other, aud arranged at sucl. Intervals that
not moro than two beds uecd bo placed between
any two OF tscm. S!cls an arrangement htIortls
abundant light, which Ia - necessary for man as
for plants. and. In addition to its sapativo
In bod. thus atroriing healthy exercise
to their mlads,-an cmploymont1worth Of on
cortagement as O sanitary measure. 1n the rian
Of tile Eau Francisco Mas!ne Hospital tho win.
within . feet Of the floor. Over each window
tLcro is largo transo,n. which may DO opened
to Ruy degree. or closcd, by means OF cord
and pulley. Iy opening every other tfansonl.
and ralslig tic opposite corresponding, window
tic sill board about twite u vide AZ tho open.
iug. a.ltl fow inches REMOVED from stlo window.
q frcc intcschango OF tho outer and Inner air
NAV 10 obtained without exposing tho pattensa
to direct drauehts.
This mode OF ventilation can bo used to any
considerable extent only when tho temperature
without is mild. The open iire-placo 10 tho best
youtiasioa Of ward when the weather is auch
as to rondor 1t necessary to keep tho windows
aud doors cloecd+ aud no ward Should DO With
out Ell open gtato, no mattor what other mode
Of heating iS adopted.
1t Is intended to warm tho San Francisco tos-
centre OF each ward,-a plan adopted In tie
Herbert hospital. Woolwich, Euslaud. Tie
chimney will pass untlor tue loor aud on roacll-
inC tho outer wall. enter aud pAsa up through
ward noar the ceiling. uy sllis arrangement the
outer fresh air will be warmed several degrees
ln lts passage to the ward, TINS utilizing to sonlo
e1sont the escaping bent Of tho chimney.
puAtNA1E AND 8EWEnAoE.
All draina should bo ventilated. Tbfa Ia best
accomplished by continuing the mnin dtAin-p:pe
through tho top Of tic building. 1he dratns
should not pass under any portion Of The hos
o,lser walls. Caro- bLoull 10 taken that 10 fresh-
alr Bupply-aus opous uess tho cover.
KITCHEN.
Tho kitchen and provision atore-room should
30 separated from the wsrls. plppcs,y cooked
food IL = dealderasum OF primary i.npottanco in
hospital and in order to Becu,e 1t tho Kitchen
should be provided with adequate facilities.
LAUNDRY.
While 1t may 10 adtniRaible under certain ciF-
building with tho wards for the sick, tho lana-
dry SHOULD mover bs 10 located Int shoeld be
aulat!ent tly realote from tho wards 70 avoid coll-
samiua.ius tho air bsca.l,ad by the patients.
Iho room devoted to washing lie linen should
be Of ample stxs, woll supplied With Water aud
provided with lnSana OF ventilation ado4uato
to tho speedy removal OF steam. The so1lea
linen should bo removed to the wash"
house ~ soon as tzken from the teda
or rofaons Of tho pattents,. aud - soon % %
washed, dried, ana n,ended, should bo classified
aud laid On an open framework to Ninaas Of
thorough airing. |
K1KuuT1sE nurplNd.
Tho executive building should bo centrally To-
Gated 10 ~ 10 adult OF easy and rapid commits
n!cation With all OF the other bu!dlnRb 1t should
contain the ottlca OF tho Surgeon. teceps!on-
room, = dispaosasy and laboratory. ana may ao-
comtaodata tho oIeraslug-room. qao executive
building q provided In the plan Of tllo
San fEanelsco Hospital contains the
rooms named. aud connected With tho operating
1ootns IL \ wash aud bathroom. and = small
ward for ths temporary use Of patients sitsE
epsEpsians. u Tie ssaoad alqsJ u uis easaur