davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07
How Postage Stamps Are Made and
Distributed.

Every United States postage stamp In
use is made here in New York The
contract was held by the American Bank
Note Company from July /, 1861, until
the same day in 1873. That was for
three terms of four years each.
The Continental Bank-Note Company
at that time offering to do it for
one-half the amount required by
the other company, the contract was
awarded to them. The office of the Con-
tinental is at the corner OF Greenwich
and Liberty streets, but, as it was desira-
bic to have the postage stamps made in
perfectly fire-proof building, the fifth
story of the Equitable Life Insurance
building, on the corner of Broadway and
Cedar street, was rented by the company
for that purpose.
Two passenger elevators run to the
top Of the building, and upon leaving
them the only entrance to the postage
| rooms is by means of door which is
constantly locked and guarded by jan
itor, who always sits inside to answer
the BELL which Is just outside. On the
right hand side are the Office and print
ing-room, and away to the left at the
front of the building, are the other
rooms used in making the stamps.
In printing steel plates are used, on
which 200 stamps are engraved. Two
men are kept hard at work covering
them with the colored inks and passing
them to man and girl, who are equally
busy printing them with large rolling
hand-presses. Three of these little squads
are employed all the time, although ten
presses can be put into use in case of me-
| cessity. After the small sheets OF paper
| upon which the 200 stamps are engraved
have dried sufficiently they are sent to
another room and gummed. The gum
used for this purpose is a peculiar COM
position, made of the powder of dried
potatoes and other vegetables mixed
with water, which Is better than other
kinds--for instance, gum arabic, which
cracks the paper badly. This paper is
also of q peculiar texture, somewhat sim.
liar to that used for bank notes. After
having been again dried, this time on
little racks, which are famed by steam
power for about an hour, they are put be.
tween sheets Of pastehoard and pressed
in hydraulic presses, capable Of ap.
| plying a weight Of 200 tons The
next thing is to cut the sheets in
half; each sheet, of course, when cut
contains 100 stamps. This il
done by girl with large pair of shears
cutting by hand being preferred to thai
Of machinery, which method would de.
stroy too many stamps. They are Their
passed to two other squads, who in az
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07
The Aztec Region.

Every child at school has heard of the
Aztecs--the ancient and castle build
ing Aztecs-the most civilized of saw
ages, whose empire fell with Montezu-
ma, their prince; while but few of our
wise men and scholars know aught of
the Pueblo Indians, relics and fragments
of the same, whose towns, score in
number, and older than they know, are
scattered here and there through New
Mexico. Every inch of their domain is
rich with history and folklore, printed
on the potsherds of their streets and
suggested by the eagle cages on their
house-tops, and it is time that this
should be recorded while their patri.
archs are this side of the grave, and can
tell the ungarbled story of the ruined
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07
Water as q Plant-NOurisher.

An experiment of considerable i'm.
pOrtance in botany has recently been
conducted in England. Some plants Of
the watermelon, after their first GERM.
nation from the seed, have been sustained
wholly upon water, in which their roots
were immersed, and have in this condi.
ton produced fruit of the finest quality
Very few plants can obtain sufficient
nourishment from water alone to enable
them to carry on the complete processes
of blossoming and fruiting. The hya.
cinth, which is made to flower in water.
has been first brought to maturity by
growth of several years in the soil, and
has stored in its bulb sufficient food for
the maintenance of its foliage and flow,
ers for an entire season. The water in
which it apparently thrives seems
to act only as a solvent of this food, for
it fails to furnish the material with which
the hyacinth can stock. it's bulb for
succeeding years subsistence. Hence,
after the plant has once blossomed in
water it is exhausted, and is either
thrown away or set in the ground and
allowed several years to recover its spent
forces. In the case of the watermelon
cited above there was, however, no pre-.
vious preparation of food, and its entire
whole of nourishment throughout vege.
tation was derived from the water.
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07

ut hand for the production Of e.,
and dying sounds Fearful has We
the bloodshed because tie nowa oeen
Orpheus has been unknown Of
lected, and future travellers. exuio neg
or adventures into unknown wilds o, n
cordially thank Sir Samuel for HE ina. may
bic hint.-App1eton's Journal. 'iua'
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07

IT costs fifty dollars to kick dog in
Fitchburg, but when the dog is sensitive
and pugnacious, and reflects that you
are not old enough to know better, the
damages are not exclusively pecuniary.
Brooklyn argus,
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07

A GENTLEMAN Whose name we will
omit from consideration for his relatives)
sent the Tribune yesterday the manu-
script of an address he is to deliver next
week, in order to facilitate the work OF
the reporter. The speech contains for
ty-two pages. On reaching page ~, the
reporter detailed to copy it found the
following passage: But ] must close.
{ No. No. GO on etc. Then II
you will bear with me a few moments
longer, shall proceed to invite your at
tention to-" etc.-Chscago Tribune.
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07

WE yesterday met Capt. Bob, who was
in a fearful state of excitement. Great
rings of white were visible around his
coaLblack eyes and his pomatum- stiff
ened scalp-lock was agitated as is the
aspen in the breeze. He said there had
been terrible fight between two young
Piute braves at a camp in the eastern
suburbs of the city. According to Capt.
Bob, as we understood his story, the two
braves got down on all-fours on two lit.
tie hillOcks about twenty yards apart and
then ran at each other, meeting and but
ting heads in the hollow between the
two ridges. At the third round they tel
escoped, and in order to separate them
1t was found necessary to cut of the
heads of both men. We may not have
caught the exact meaning OF all that Bob
said about the fight, but in substance it
was about as related above. -Necada
PGDey.
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07

THE names of victories may be erased from
our battle-fags; but SILVER TIPPED Shoes
will never become obsolete. They are
national Institution.
Knoxville journal. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1874-1986, 1875-01-07

ANNA s. GETsINGER, Of Honesdale, Pa,
writes the following: after suffering for
nearly two years from neuralgia In the breast,
passing up into the throat, face and head,
was entirely cured and restored to health by
using DIR. L. @. c. Wishart's Pine Tree Tar
Cordial,
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
Changers.

Editor NJ the Register;
Will you allow me, through the col
umus OF the REGISTER, 10 express my
views upon the Changers 1t is with no
ill-will toward any man that | do this,
but it is to pass my opinion as one who
has viewed both sides OF very important
question carefully. In she first place,
can any rational man help seeing that the
grangers, if their plans work, are going
to ruin the most important branch of
business in the couutry--manutacturing
Why =? they ask. We'll, in the first
place, you can see they are goipg to buy
their goods SO cheap that it will not pay
to manufacture for the wholesale dealers
to make a cent or two on. We grangers
will have the whole profit-you middle.
man 20 away. The middlcmen must turn
farmers. But ah, poor granger, list ye,
just as true as there is God who rulcth
all things, every cent you get eff on a
yard of cotton takes off three on a pound
Of butter, every dollar you get Of on a
barrel Of -four will be taken from the
price you obtain for your produce. The
middlemau, as you call him, must live
and he had rather pay good price for
his provisions than TO raise them. The
more merchants, mechanics, statesmen,
lawyers, etc., etc, the less farmers the
less farmers the more their produce
brings. If every man in the United
States was u farmer, produce would be
worthless. ouly for our own consumption,
in one sense of the word that is, it would
bring a nominal price to what it now
does. You grangers must not think that
you can get manufacturers to work for
nothing. The cheaper you buy, the
cheaper you must sell. Remember that a
mans time in the banking room is worth as
much as farmers, Your produce com.
mands a better price with million
mouths to feed, than with only ten thou
sand, The old maxim holds good, LET
well enough alone" FARMER.
Lincoln, April II, 1875.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
The Louisiana Compromise.

The Louisiana Legislature had very
quiet and harmonious time Of it, Thurs.
day, putting into execution the Wheeler
compromise. The committee on elections
reported, as per programme, that in their
opinion the contestants embraced in the
award claiming seats in the House were
respectively entitled to them, and that
the sitting members were not. The
House adopted the report by vote OF
eighty nine to fifteen Most Of the mem.
bers displaced made speeches intimatinp
their acquiescence. Mr.. Pondextcr Of
Assumption, one of the colored members
ousted by the award, said he had the sat.
isiaction, in giving up his seat, to know
that his OLD master, who had always been
just and kind, would takc it this was an
honor which did not occur every day. Ia
the Senate, Mr.. Crozier, colored, OF the
Terre Bonue district, is The only member
whose seat is involved in the award. lie
will be appointed by Gov. Kellogg a,
wharf master aud resign his seat il the
Senate. and Mr.. S. f. Goode will hc seat.
ed in his stead.
The following resolution was adopted
by vote of iorty-fivo democrats and for.
ty>four republicans, against thirteen dem
ocrats and five republicans:
Resolved, by the General Assembly Of
the state Of Louisiana, that the said As.
sembly, without approving the same, will
not disturb the present state government
claiming to have been elected in 1872
and known as the kellogg government,
or seek to impeach the governor for any
official acts; and that henceforth we viii
accord to said governor all necessary anc
legitimate support in maintaining the law,
and in advancing the peace and prospect
ty of the people OF the state; and thai
the House Of Representatives as to it,
members as constituted under the aware
of Messrs. George f. Hoar, W. A
Wheeler, W. p. Frye. Samuel p. Mar
shall, Clarkson N. Potter, and William
Walter Phelps, shall remain without
change, except by the resignation OF death
OF its members, until new general cleo
ticn and that the Senate, us herein re
coguized, shall also remain unchanged ,ex
cept SO far as that body shall max,
changes on contests.
The action Of the House, Thus
perieets the terms Of the award excep
recognizing the House. which will b,
done in day or two. Messrs, Wilt an,
Estella are prominently mentioned 10
speaker, and some think Gov. Hahn will
be retained. Mr.. Wheeler left for HON,
Thursday, very well satisfied with the ac
ton OF all parties as to the award. Goo,
feeling aud spirit Of coDeillaiion seem
TO sc'uSte the members OF each party col
lectivrly and Individually. The conpro
mise may Therefore be eorsidercd accom-
plished.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
Appeal for Protection.

Mr.. EDIToa For the past month
there has been upon our streets an amount
of DRINKS that is shameful to a communi.
ty like ours Drunken men reel to and
fro without let or hndrance. Rum seems
to rule although we have a states attor.
uey (?). The bridges and highways are
filed with the loaiing portion of the COM
NUDITY every night, and complaints are
daily made by respectable citizens aud
ladies that it is almost impossible to pass
after dark without risk of insult from this
rabbe. Is it the fault OF the officers or
trustees? The trustees have ordered an
officer upon duty in times gone by, and
kept the streets passable, ard it seems as
though the times would warrant con.
tinuance Of The custom. In u town where
we have so many officers, it should not be
difficult to do away with street rowdyism
If our sheriff aud his one-horsc deputies
can't do it. let the trustees take the mat.
ter in hand, and put on good and efficient
policemen whose duty it will be to insure
u safe passage for people who desire to
pass quickly about their business, and
carry into effect the law in regard to cor.
uer loafng. 1t is not pleasant for some
folks to be annoyed by crowds Of drunken
roughs, lettering upon the sidewalks, as
they 60 TO church Of Sunday evening
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
The Post Office Frauds.

Washington dispatches show that Post.
master General jewell is prosecuting his
warfare upon frauds in bis department
with great earncstness and vigor. He
evidently does not mean that anybody
else shall have need to investigate post
Office affairs, for he will do it himself in
season, and apply the remedy wherever
it may be required. In this he is perfectly
right, and is doing exactly what the
people expected Of him when he took the
office. He may not succeed in unearth-
ing all the rascaities and in Furnishing
their perpetrators, for they are an adroit
crew and there are unavoidable legal
difficulties to be encountered. as will be
seen in our dispatches but his very
determination will have an excellent
effect in stampedng many who have been
secretly carrying on their puudering
operations aud in putting the whole work
ing of the department on better basis
In the meantime it will not be surprising
if attempts are made to discredit tn,
postmaster general and to impede hi,
reform campaign. We may hear that he
is not in harmony with the Administra.
ton, that he is going to resign, that he is
even going over to the Democrats, etc
ETC.; but when tho public fully under.
stands the characters of his enemies. il
will not only disbelieve these calumnics
but will sustain him through his under
taking to complete triumph BoSto,
JohrnaL
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
How q Man Feels to be Run
Over by the Cars.

On Monday last, freight conductor,
l.. Averil fell across the rail at Wells
River, and the wheels Of car weighing
thirteen thousand five hundred pounds
passed obliquely over his body, and off
the left leg, some six inches below the
hip. When the wheel passed over Aver
i'll listened for the crushing of the bones
but they did not break, but the wheel OF
the truck following almost Instantly he
felt sure would cut the legs off. But the
wheel passed over, and before the rear
trucks had reached him he sprang out
and was standing bolt upright. For five
minutes he felt no pain, but since then
the pain has been almost uncomfortable,
and he has been kept under the influence
of opiates. Two jack knives in his pock-
ct were bent nearly double. 1t is sup
posed the fangc of these wheels struck
upon these knives first andpa ssed up to
the top of the leg, aud thus avoided the
shearing effect Of the flange upon the
rail. The skin upon his person was not
broken, but the fang broke the tissue of
the flesh GU the top of the legs, and I'M
dernealh the rail sank into the flesh, lcav-
ing its marx distinct. Mr.. Averill, if
carefully attended, will get along. This
is the only case on record where car
has run over a mans legs leaving the
Bones perfectly unframed,
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
The Valcour Community.

Mrs. Orrin Shi2man, whose husband
gave his farm on Valcour Island, near
Burlington, as home for a community
of free lovers, has issued a circular, badly
punctuatcd and worse capitalized, in
which, so far as her meaning can be made
out, she characterized the motley group
gathered there as shlltless, idle, un-
principled set, who have not worked
enough to earn their fuel, have consumed
Mr.. Shipman's crops, run his credit until
he put a stop to it aud imprisoned their
leader, Wilcox, who is self styled Col.
onel compelled Mrs. Shipman to cook
for them or see them starve, obliged her
son to wear moccasins in order that they
might wear boots, and SO gave themselves
up to "prouiscuity" that the mobile OBJ
jects aud aims" of Mr., and Mrs. Ship
man were wholly perverted, aud idleness
free lust and fraud wrecked the comnun.
iiy. In view of these statements it seems
little funny for her to conclude her cir.
cular by saying ait is now proposed to
rebuild the community upon the true
principles of social life"
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
Bank Notes Stolen.

The president Of the Hide and Leather
bank Of Boston gave notice, few days,
ago, to the treasury department that GER
tain notes Of his bank, Of denominations
Of ten and twenty dollars, had been sto.
len from the bank after being signed by
him. but before they were signed by the
cashier. The numbers of the notes were
as follows: Department numbers on the
upper right hand corner, $4,000 to 22953
and bank note numbers on lower left
band corner, 1919 to 1872.
Several Of these notes have recently
been presented at the redemption agency
OF the treasurer and rejected, but instead
of being signed by the president of the
bank as that gentleman supposed, both Of
the signatures are fictitious The names
Of the officers of the bank are George N
Jones, cashier and George Ripley, presi
dent. The names upon the stolen notes
are A. j, Smith, cashier, and Il. A. Bate,
president.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
Is it a Temperance House /?


MEssRs. EDIToRs,-In your report Of
the doiDgs of the women's temperance
meeting | notice that they adjourned to
the Addison House to dine, TO show
their appreciation of him as temper.
ance' man keeping temperance house."
This perhaps was well but is it certain
that no ardent spirits are sold or given
away at that house. Please allow me to
make the query. CANDoR.
We have yet to hear OF tho person who
ever charged Mr.. Scofeld with the rc.
sponsbility Of liquor selling, at the AID.
olson House. 1t has been asserted that
porter at one time took such response.
bilties upon himself. and was discharged
in consequence, as soon as the proprietor
learned the facts Of the case If this is
not an answer to the query we must
ask somebody else to give the desired in.
formation,
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20

xr-This time it appears TO be the
Record q. Farmer that has been fooled
by depending upon the Springfield Re
publican for the news Of its own ueighbor-
hood. Look at the following
Mr.. Gorham B. Goodell started for
Cheyenne, Wyoming, on Tuesday, with
several carloads of sheep, comprising %
Thoroughbreds and l02 Merinos.
If the Record had only taken the pains
to look up its own news instead of depend.
ing upon unreliable independent journal.
ism, we presume it would have learned
that the % Thoroughbreds were Short
Horn cattle, instead OF sheep, also that
the sheep we're selected largely from the
fine flock of Geo. Campbell, Esq, Of
West Westminster, with selections from
other fine focks east Of the mountain. 1t
would also have learned that the sheep
were all boxed and loaded into Il SO foot
Michigan Central car, with ton of fine
hay that was pressed and forwarded from
Middlebury, to feed on the way, and there
WAS Still room enough to carry the
baggage and space for three men to sleep
in the car. And iually that these cars
went by the Iloosack Tunnel; and that
the freight was 1889 per Car to Chey-
enne. The REGISTER has to keep cor
respondents in all parts of the State
because the local papers depend upon the
Republican for the news in their own
neighborhood, and it is so unreliable.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20
One Hundred Years Ago.

The Demcs of Lexington aud Concord
have not only become historic but famous
in history, For one hundred years
no American scboolboy has failed
to hear Of Lexington and Concord
as the locations of the opening scenes Of
the war OF independence. If we do no,
date our birth as nation until the signing
Of the Declaration of Independence on the
4th day of July l776 yet the first overt
act of war and bloodshed which eliminated
in the independence of the United States
then transpired. So this celebration is
not mere local affair, but national and
universal in its bearing Every patriotic
citizen of this country, from Maine to
Oregon, from the lakes to gulf, will have
sense of personal connection with these
ceremonies, or at least with the events
celebrated. Just one hundred years ago
yesterday, the Revolutionary war was
opened with the loss Of 80 Americans, in
killed, wounded and missing, and 271
British. 1t occurred in a running fight
from Concord TO Boston. The arbitrary
exactions of the mother country had been
increasing for years, until the spirit Of
resistance was wrought up to the highest
pitch. Finally Parliament passed an act
which empowered the taking Of the life
of any obnoxious colonist under forms Of
law. The provincial government prepared
for resistance and to that end had enrolled
about one hundred militia men in Lex
ington. They continued to organize their
military resources, locating military stores
and supplies at Concord where the
Provincial Congress was in session.
Gen. Gage, the British commander at
Boston Jaw the spirit and preparations Of
the colopists and determined to destroy
the war material collected at Concord
and vicinity. So he despatched eight
hundred men early on the morning Of the
10Th day Of April, l775, to do the bust.
ness. But signal lights were placed 10
the belfry of the old North Church and
Paul Revere's ride giving the alarm all
the way to Concord, is familiar as house
hold words, through the poets fine des-
cription. The British troops arrived at
Lexington about five o'clock in the morn
ing The militia gathered to resist their
approach only numbered sixty or seventy.
Little harm was done to the British, but
our raw militia lost sixteen, seven killed
and nine wounded. They pushed on to
Concord, destroyed what they could, at.
tackled the militia protecting the north
bridge. were repulsed, and then came our
victory and the disaster to our oppressors
The town of Concord had only 1926 in.
habitapts and Lexington only 1000. The
battle, as such, was insignificant; but its
logical results have been tremendous. 1t
was the opening of the struggle, the signal
Of greater things yet to come, the inltia.
tory step to the birth Of freedom and the
establishment Of one Of the great nations
Of the world.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1875-04-20

Vice and blackguardism are on one
side, honest men, the church-of every
creed-and Christendc IN are on the other.
The jury have yet to give it utterance,
but there is no more doubt that the de-
iendant will have the verdict than there
is Of the rising Of the sun, to-day, Or Of
the sinking Of Tilton and Moulton into
the darkness OF everlasting infsmy. The
continued illness of Judge Fullerton is
matter of sincere regret, and the dan
gerous tendency of Mr.. Beach's indspo.
sition is equally matter for serious ap.
prehension, but their appearance in this
dirty prosecution and their alliance with
men so low as the plaintiff in this con-
spiracy causes still greater sorrow, aud
awakens a wide spread apprehension,
That they may recover not only their
perfect health, but sounder mental sta
tus is the worst wish entertained of them
BY thousands who regard their continu.
ance in the case as one of the rare curios.
tiles in their professional museum.