National Republican., 1875-12-08

a the body-polItic and that weakness results from
IN embarrassed Christianity. The State is on the
back ofthe Church.
PAuPERIsN
The estimated POP pulation Of England and wales
or 1874 is put down at % 500 000 and out Of that
there were nd N ahs the same an year
relief was equal to e1.50 for every man, woman
and child in England.-LondOn Times, November
|, 1875.
And in the city of London, for the last week in
October, 1875, there were more than 5000 out
ioorand indoor paupers.-L0HdoH Times, Horem-
But in this country, in 1870 out Of a population
Of 50 ooo there were but 116 900 paupers-a diff
e 0S Of H. 100000 IN population and s Of over
June, 1870, there were only 1900 persons on the
poor roll in the United States ofwhom 2 900 were
that is s. 900 were natives, Of population Of 81
OO0, ,000 and q 900 Of these were foreigners, Of
population of 900 900. And with us psupertsm is
on the decrease. In 1850 our pauper population
was estimated at 1856 900; in 1870 at 116 900, de-
crease Of p, 900. And while there was an increase
900 OOo there was an increase Of only 1000 native
paupers. On the other hand, while there was an
Increase in our foreign population of only 5000 oo
See United States Census for 1870, pages 56s-5Io.
CRIME.
No one can question the sovereignty of English /
law, the impartiality of English Judges, the efh-
cheney of the English police, yet her criminal
is large. In England and wales, from
ISL to 1S12 there were 42 600 persons convicted OF
crime, out of population of q 900 900; but in our
81 600 convictions, in population of IS, 900 600
that is 900 against 4240O0 And out of the "a 600
American convicts on June !, 1870, nearly 5000
were foregners 1t is no less gratifying that there
has been decrease lin our criminal classes in ten
years. In 1850 there were $4,000 conyicts, in 1870
there were but $1,000 decrease Of 5000; and 1t
is a statistical fact that crime among our native
population is decreasing.
ILLITERAcY.
Every Anglo-Saxon is justly proud Of the seien- |
tho and literary renown Of Great Britain. Her |
the universities of the Old World. Her poets have
charmed u.s. her historians have instructed us, her
have excited our admiration The names
of her scientists have worldwide fame. Her |
benefactions for higher education have been nei-
ther few nor SMALL yet the ilteracy Of her masses
is statistical fact In 1874 the school population
Of England and Wales was five and a quarter |
millions; there were school accommodations for |
only two and three quarter millions, the number |
Of scholars registered was two and half millions,
and the daily attendance was less than two mil |
lions. .---- - ---.
But in the United States, in 1874, there were
eight millions Of children on the school register,
with an average attendance of five millions, and
there are not s0o, 900 white men In the whole Re
public who cannot read and write; and most Of
these areef foreign birth. [Foreign statistics in
Y. 5. commissioners reports on education for
1873 and 1s74
FRANCE.
Now, let us cross the Channel and enter beauti-
full France, who can boast of splendid churches,
Of learned clergy, ofan imposing ritual. There |
the Church has been allied TO the State; there her
emperors have been crowned in the old Notre |
shrines; there the claims Of religion have been en-
forced by law France Is rich in all national re-
sources she is potent in civil authority; she is
celebrated for her learned sdrons, and to be |
elected member of her academy is the ambition |
and the glory Of the rpest scholars in all lands.
Yet, look at her paupersm, her crime, her Hitter
acy. .H.."..
In 1869 Franco had 900 900 paupers in popula-
tion of 36,OOO 600 as against our $4,000 paupers,
while our population was 2Ooo,O 900 greater From
1867 to 1869 the total number Of persons under ar
rest in France was ~, 900, as against our 1900
for the corresponding years, difference of $40 000
Nor is the iliteracy Of her masses more fattering
In 1869, in the proud days Of the empire 0nehalf
Of her people, or 1s0OO,0 900, were unable to read
and write; and Of the 40 900 persons arrested for
were 500 French communities totally destitute Of |
schools and the means Of education. 1t is no
marvel that in such condition of society that out
OF the 900 900 children born in France annually
600 are born out of the sanctity Of wedOck, and
that in the year 1871 not less than 4,50O persons
isf2) '''''' N'-'''' "'- --l '-'''N' ''' ~
RUSSIA. sr
From Protestant England and Catholic France, |
let us go to Russia, whose Emperor Is the head of
wealth. Her military police is eficient and des-
pOtic. Her statesmen and scholars have won for |
themselves renown In other lands. But what do |
OpulatiOn is more than eighty millions; yet N. |
Manner, Of Strasburg is our authority for the |
that nine hundred and nnety-six per- |
sons out of every thousand are iterate that only
four out Of every thousand can read and write. In
the whole of European Russia, with Its sixty -four
millions Of subjects, there are but twenty-four |
national schools, wherein are less than
one million ofpups, as against our eight millions,
and that, with population oftwenty-six millions |
clearly allied. the same individuals belong to the
th-co fraternities. -
And now from the SHOWS Of Russia let us go |
down into sunny Italy. wherein the Church has |
subject to the Church. Italy, the land of rosy |
skies of the olive and the fig, Of the orange and
the vine, the home Of art and song, the abode of
lumbus, of Cavour and Garibaldi; Italy, the do |
miniOn of the pOntfis and the paradise of monks.
In the palmy days of the Sovereign Pontifs only |
81 out of every 100 men and only 10 out Of every Il
100 women could read and write. Out Of $1,000 |
soldiers born in 1s4s only 1900 could read and |
write their own names And there, under the
dueed its corresponding proportions of crime and /
destitution. (See U. S. Report on Education for |
ls72)
GREAT CHANGES.
And now let us draw an argument in favor of n |
free church in free country, from the improved |
conditions of those countries which have been in
part or in whole emancipated from the ruinous al
lance of Church and State.
Russia is now passing through q great religious |
and educational change. The present hetroPoItfe |
was appointed by the Czar because Of his liberal |
in the history Of Russia, foreign princess, mar
rying into the imperial family, has been per- |
mitted to retain the religion in which she was |
educated. When the Grand Duchess Maria Of |
was married to the Grand Duke |
Vladimia her Lutheran pastor performed for her |
tas 4sses I'm
has granted permission to the agents of the |
British and Foreign Bible Society to circulate the
Holy Scriptures throughout the empire. The COM
mon mind of Russia is to be educated. The Gar has
ordered the reorganization of the district schools.
The standard Of learning has been raised. Edu- |
Cossaeks. Free public lectures are now delivered
for the benefit Of the masses. A female gymna- |
sium has been established in Moscow. Reading |
rooms, scientific museums and universities are |
open in st. Petersburg. And ten millions In gold
are annually expended for the advancement Of |
From Russia let US pass into Austria, and be- !
hold the change! The uncompromising propa- |
gandist of Ultramontanism, Austria was long the |
Of ignorance and medisvai despetisu. But to-day,
with descendant of the house Of Hapsburg upon
the throne, Austria has abolished the Ooneordat
with Rome, granted religious federation TO all
creeds, opened schools Of learning for the masses
and expended the scope Of free ideas. Under the
new school law Of ls1i, there are in Austria over
nearly two millions Of pupils, maintained at an
annual expenditure Of over eight millions In
, From regenerated Austria, cross the Alps and
enter free and unified Italy. How marvellous the
ehange In 1851 Victor Emmanuel declared him
self King of Italy, and in 1870 he pronounced the
separation Of Church and State. Since then the
land of Dante has emerged into new Intellectual
life Fifty y-f0ur thousand schools open their por
tails to two and q half millions OF scholars, AZ
yearly expenditure Of over i've millions In gold.
And to Intensity the argument from such facts,
let us turn to the German empire and, 70 the
Swiss republic, wherein Is no State Church In the
empire OF Germany, containing forty-one millions
of people, there are more than sixty thousand ele-
mentary and other schools, attended by over six
millions of people. And out Of eighty-t tnou-
sand soldiers examined, only three thousand were
illiterate. There education is compulsory, and
the common mind Is enlightened.
In the little Swiss republic, with population
of two millions. there are seven thousand schools
IN which are four hundred thousand scholars, edu-
Gated at an annual cost Of one and quarter
millions OF dollars in gold. Out ofhfteen hundred
soldiers examined, only eight were unable to
read.
And 1t Is a grand fact that just In proportion as
religious freedom has gained the mastery over
sectarian predominanec In England, In the
rame ratio has crime, pauperfsm and Hhteracy
diminished. These wonderful changes are duo TO
the power of a free Christianity, enfghtening the
mind, purifying the heart, ennobling the life OF
man.
UNITED STATES.
And what are the factsas to the increase Ofwealth
the spread of education and the growth Of the
Christian Church in the United States:
-r-.t. WEALTH.
"a n