davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16
LEGAL NOTICES.
Summons.

In THE DISTRICT COURT of the
Nhntn Judicial District. of the
M MSsate oI saniiornia, In and For the
County Of Trinity
II. NJ. PERHAM, the SS District e,VSsns Ceurt of Of
PLAINTIFF District of the State
of California, in and
Against for the County of
JAMES PATTERSON plant filed filed in in said said
County of Trinity, in
DEFENDANT. the office of the Clerk
of said District Court.
The People of the State of California
send Greeting to JAMES PA T1'ERSON
Defendant
VOU ARE REQUIRED TO APPEAR
l. in an action brought against you by
the above-named Plaintiff in the District
Court of the Ninth Judicial District Of
the State of California, in and for said
County of Trinity, and TO answer the
complaint filed therein, within ten days
exclusive Of the day Of service) after the
service on you Of this summons-if served
within this county; or if served out of
this county, but in this district, within
twenty days otherwise, within forty days
or judgment by default will be taken
against you according to the prayer OF
said complaint.
The said action is brought to recover
Judgment for the sum of 5000 3-l00 with
legal interest from the Sth day of August,
1874, and that he, the said Plaintiff be al
lowed the sum OF 500 Attorneys Fees,
and costs Of salt, and that the premises
described in Mechanics Lien, described
in the complaint hereunto annexed and
to which reference is hereby made and
sought to be charged thereby, be sold to
satisfy the claim of the said Plaintiff,
and that he be permitted to become u
purchaser at said sale, and for such other
and further relief as may be just and
equitable, rs will moro fully appear by
reference to the complaint fled herein
"a copy of which is hereunto anneXed.)
And you are hereby notified that if you
fail to appear and answer the said COM
plant, as above required, the said Plain
tiff will apply to the Court for the relief
prayed for in the complaint.
GIVEN UNDER MY HAND and the
Seal OF the District Court of the
Ninth Judicial District Of the State
of California, in and for the Coun-
ty of Trinity, this 9th day of No
vember, in tho year of our Lord
one thousand, eight hundred and
seventy-four.
JAS. G. TROTTER, Clerk.
Filed, Nov. 7th, 1874.
"a true Copy"
L. S. ATTEST:
JAS. g. TROTTER,
~@~c-* Clerk.
b. +. Finn, Dpty.
Il. p. LovEJoY,
Plaintiffs Atty. decl0-2m.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16

Trinity County German HOspff~f So
eiety, holds its REGULAR Quarterly Meetings at
the HosPITAL BUILDING, Weaveryille, on the
first Sunday of March, June, September and
December CHAS HARTMAN
janl Secretary.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16
w. A. DODGE,
DENTIST,

OFFICE-Over Thomas Theater.
Having permanently located in Weaverville
for the practice of my profession, am ut the
service of those desiring Dental Work. Teeth
extracted without pain with an an@sthetic il
desired. Satisfaction guaranteed.
W. A. DODGE, ID. ID. S.
Wenvervillo, Nov. "a, 1874. If
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16
Weaverville, January le, 1875.
ROLL OF HONOR.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS DURING THE PAST WEEK
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16
JOHN LORD, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN and SURGEON,
WEAVERVILLE, CAL.

RkrERENoEs Prof |. L. Dana, Portland,
Me-; Prof W. w. Greene, Long Island Medi-
cal College, Brooklyn, N. Y. Prof G. +. Brack-
ett, Princeton, M
OFFICE and Residence Court Street,
above Union Hotel, Weavervillo janl
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16

Action brought in
the District Court of
the Ninth Judicial
District of the State
of California, in and
; for the County of
Trinity, and the Com
plant filed in said
County of Trinity. in
the office of tho Clerk
of said District Court.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16

II Ninth Judicial District, of the
state OF California, In and For the
County of Trinity
Weekly Trinity journal., 1875-01-16

II. NJ. PERHAM,
PLAINTIFF
Against
JAMES PATTERSON
DEFENDANT.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

II ARDWARE, CUTLERY
At IS King on the corner Of Royal ST.,
Alexandria, Virginia.
The subscribers are receiving full supply of
goods in their line for the Spring trade, to which
they invite the attention of wholesale and retail
purchasers. Thankful for past favors we solicit
u continuance of your patronage. Orders will
receive prompt attention.
j. T. CREIGHTON s. SON,
NH 30 IS King street, corner ROYAL.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
ALEXANDRIA, VA. FRIDAY, JULY l6, 1875
DIR r GOODS.

DLAID and PLAIN DEBEGES and other
l. styles DRESS GOODS, at reduced prices,
just received. Great bargains in all kinds of
Dress Goods at
ie7 D.F. WITMER cos.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

4 MOTHER supply of those favorite Emilia
~ Cloth and Supel SUN UMBRELLAS.
Also full line of Scotch Gingham and Cotton
Umbrellas just received.
my 10 D. F. WITMER co.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
PROEEsSIOJv.aL CaRDS.

A CARD.-Circumstsnce rendering it de-
IA sirable that should locate in Baltimore
have transferred my DENTAL PRACTICE in
Alexandria to DIR. D. N BUST. He has been
for so many years associated with me as to need
no introduction or endorsement, his skill, ability
and reputation for honesty and high integrity
being we'll known. cordially commend HIM
to the favor of my friends and patients. as well
worthy of the position to which he succeeds, and
bespeak for him the practice with which, for so
long, I have been favored.
JAMES B. HODGKIN.
Alexandria Va mar loft
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
LEGAL NOTICES.
TN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALEXAN-
4 DINA CITY, May term, lS75,-

N The CIRCUIT COURT OF ALEXAN-
l. DRIA CITY, May term, lS75.-
William b. Gaines, admir-. of John P. Phil
q. Bolton Newton defendants
j. Orne, plaintiff, against Isaac Newton, jr.,
and g. Bolton Newton in their own right, and
as executors of Isaac Newton, decd, Dorathy
Newton, George B. carp and Anna N. carp
his wife, Morris Adams and Coraline H. Adams
his wife, Anna N. Hupfeld, Edward Thornton
Tayloee and George B. Warren jr.,, executors,
snd Phebe W. Tayloe,. executrix Of Benjamin
Ogle Tayloe, deceased, Henry A. Tayloe, and
Thomas &. Mumford, and Edward Thornton
Tuyloe, executors of William 81. Taylor, detts
e. Bolton Newton and Isaac Newton, exrs of
Isaac Newton, dec d., plaintiffs, against Dorathy
Newton, George B. carp, Anna N. carp, S. Nor
ris Adams, Caroline &. Adams, AMMAN. Hupfeld,
ward Thornton Tsyloe George B. Warren, jr.,
Henry A. Tayloe and Thomas G. Mumford,
defendants. (Three suits consolidated.) In
chancery
And the Court doth further adjudge, order and
decree that this cause be referred to Master in
Chancery A. w. Chiffon, who shall ascertain
and report to the next term of this Court wheth-
er or not the debt dccreed IN these causes to be
due to William II. Tayloe has been assigned to
Mrs. Sophia &. Snyder; and if 80, he shall state
and report the character of the instrument by
winch the assignment was made, the considers.
ton therefor, and the parties making the same.
He shall also ascertain and report the amount of
cash DUE and which will be sufficient to obtain
hna decree in the suits of Philips VS.. Newton,
Newton VS.: Newton, and Orne VS.. Newton.
Said Commissioner may give notice of his pro-
posed acton under this decree by publication
once week for four successive weeks in the
Alexandria Gazette, and such publication shall
be equivalent to personal Service of such notice
on all parties.-L Extract from decree of May
18th, 1873
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

TN TIE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALENAN-
l. DRIA COUNTY, May term, lS75,-
James w. Tucker, Martin Donaldson, James
L. Donaldson, Emma Donaldson Jarrett NJ
Donaldson, Lewis Skidmore, Thomas Wells
and Elizabeth his wife, Sarah Skidmore Will
liam Caden and Margaretta his wife, William
Bennett and Druclls M. his wife, and William
Skidmore, Mary Skidmore and Thomas Skid
moro, the las! three being infants under the age
of twenty one years, who sue by their next
friend, Louis +. Payne, plaintiffs, against j. c.
DePutron and Henry w. Fcbrey, defendants.
In chanccry.
And the Court doth further adjudge, order
and decree that this cause be referred TO d chan
Gerry commissioner of this Court to state and set
tie the account of the said j. g.. Dep utron as.
certain and report what personal estate of the
decedent, Elizabeth Skdmore, came TO his pos.
session what debts, if any, the estate is liable
for; who are the distributes of the said estate,
and in what proportion, and any other matters
pertinent hereto which any party may require
him to ascertain and report" t"-[Extract from
decree.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
COPHRTyvERSHIPS.

TNHE BUSINESS heretofore carried on at the
Il Iron and Brass Works in this city under
the name and style of Jameson s. Collins, has,
by mutual consent and agreement, constituted
corporation. under the name of
ALEXANDRIA IRON WORKS MANU-
., FEATURING COMPANY,
Tith " M d WARD, of New ork, President,
u. ~ JAMESON, Treasurer, and G. II.
COLLINS, Superintendent
Having increased our facilities for business.
we hope to merit the continued patronage of the
public. g. W. JAMESON.
CHAS. b. COLLINS.
Alexandria, Va, July l, 1876 jy Sim
OTICE.-My brother, ETHELBERI
~ M1LBURN, has this day purchased an
interest in my business. and we have formed
copartnership under the firm name of
j. G. & e. MILBURN.
Thanking my friends and the public generally
Tor the liberal patronage heretofore extended
me, l respectfully solicit continuance of the
same for the new firm. j. G. & E. Milburn will
sign in settlement of accounts due me.
j. G. MILBURN.
Alexandria, Va, July lst, 1875.
4; HALLING attention to the above notice, ]
~ hope, by strict attention to business, to
merit liberal share of the patronage of my
friends and the public.
jy2 E. MILBURN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
TN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALEXAN

N THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALEXAN-
4 DklA CITY, May term, lS75-
William II. Tayloe, plaintiff against John
NagI junior, and Csthsrine NJ. Nsglee his
wife, Phcbe Warren Tayloe, John Dickinson
Taylo Edward Thornton Tayloe Mary g.
Perry, Thornton Tayioe Perry, Edward Tsyloe
Perry, George B. Warren, junior, and E. p
Warren his wife, John Paine and Julia D.
Paine his wife, defendants. In chsncery.
The Court doth adjudge, order and decree
that one of the Master Commissioners of this
Court ascertain and report to the next term of
this Court what amount Of compensation Fran
els l.. Smith is entitled to on account of his pro-
tessonal services in this suit, and how much
money has been paid him thereon and that the
said Commissioner do further ascertain and re-
port what amount has been paid by John Nag
lee, Junior, to the executors of VIM. II. Tayloe,
dec d., or either OF them, under the decree in
this cause of the May term, 1873, and whether
the costs of this suit have been paid according
to said decree. Said commissioner may give
notice of his proposed action under this decree
by publication once week for four successive
weeks iii the Alexandria Gazette, and such pub
llcation shall be equivalent to personal service
OF such notice on all parties.- Decree May 3lst,
1875.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
NOTICE 10 FIDUCIARIES.

Administrators Executors, Guardians, Curs-
tors and Trustees who have not settled an ac-
count for twelve months past, are requested to
come forward and settle their accounts without
further notice. LOUIS E. PAYNE,
je 25-1m Comm'r of Accounts
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
COMMISSIONERS OFFICE.

~ Alexandria, Va, July 1st 1875
10 the plaintiffs and defendants M the above
suits md proceedings Ussrein:
Take notice that have appointed THU RS
DAY, the 9Th day of August, 1875, at MY Office,
Market Building, Alexandria, Virginia, to exc
cute the decree Of which the above is q true ex
tract at which time and place you are required
to attend
Given under my hand, as Commissioner in
Chancery of the said Court, the day and year
above written. A. w. Chiffon,
jy 2-w4w Comu'r in Chsncery
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
SUMMER RESORTS.
Mt R Y 30 A r D &.

no n T Z . d.
First class country board. with large and airy
rooms, bath house, plenty of ice near churches,
store and postofice and in daily communication
with Washington. Address A. B., White Post,
Clarke county, Va. je l9-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

pARTIES interested in the foregoing pro-
4 ceeding are hereby notified tnat / have
1875 at my Office in the Court House of Alex
andra county, in the city of Alexandra, Vir-
ginis, as the time and place shall proceed to
execute the above decree Given under my
hand this 2lth day of June, 1875.
LOUIS +. PAYNE,
jo 2o-dtd Comm'r in Chy. Circuit Court.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

DLACK ENGLISH GARNET EAR
ID DROPS and SETS, warranted the genuine
article at FERG USON s. BROS,
my8 96 King street.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
BY A COUNTRYMAN.

[ say, young man, can you tell me where
Green's Notion House isl
Answer Yes sir; right here rs King street.
Countryman Is this the Spectacle Depot for
those celebrated Crystal Lelse Spectacles, at z5
cents2
Clerk. Yes, sir and l shall be pleased to show
them TO you.
Countrymsn. saw them advertised, and con-
cluded that it WAS humbug but the newspapers
have continued to puff them up, SO that l thought
by our new process. Now have it; please try
this pair on.
Countryman My dear sir they are superb
Seeing is believing; they suit me exactly. l
never had pair st any price to suit me as we'll.
l am delighted, and will recommend your Crys-
tai Lense Spectscles, at twenty-five cenls to
everybody. je rs
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

NEW GOODS-We are in daily receipt of
IN new goods, keeping our stock we'll assort-
ed. We invite purchasers, either at wholesale
or retail to inspect our goods before purchasing,
jy 10 ID. +. WITMER co.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16
FISH DEALERS.
PEMOVAL.
s 7 REED

s. j. REED
Announces to his friends and customers that he
has removed his stock of POTOMAC SHAD
and HERRINGS to NOS. 22 UNION ST. and
Ill SOUTH WHARVES, where, in connection
with his former fish business, he will keep con-
EASTERN FISH
Has now on hand 600 bhls different grades of
Fish, consisting of GROSS and NET SHAD,
ESS SHAD in kits, FAMILY ROE HER
RING, barreed MACKEREL, MESS MACK
EKEL in kits and SPLIT and ROUND HER.
public.
The business will in future be conducted by
s. -. REED and j. A. CUNNINGHAM.
iv 12-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-07-16

pLACK ALPACAS-More of those cele-
- brated Alpacas, of which we have sold so
many and have given such general satisfaction.
They are of beautiful color and finish and will
be sold cheap.
my % D. T. WITMER co.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-06-04

| CINCINNATI, June 2.-The Gdzette's
| New Orleans special says: HAdvices
| from the Mexican capital to the twenty
seventh ultimO have been received here
The Mexican congress has unanimously
approved the contract made by the gov
eminent with David Boyle Blair for the
construction Of a railroad and telegraph
line from Gusymas to the frontier be-
tween the State Of Sonora and the Amer.
lean territory of Arizona, with branches
from Guaymas to the Ures and Alamos.
The obligations of the company formed
by Mr.. Blair are to construct fifty kilOm-
eters of the road within twenty months
from the first Of June, and every follow
ing year to construct one hundred
kilOmeters, the completion of the main
line to be finished in five years. The
company has the option OF establishing
the gauge, and Mr.. Blair or the compsr y
is to give bond Of fifty thousand dOi-
lars within four months. The govern
ment grants in aid Of said construction
to the company twenty-five thousand
four hundred acres of land for every
mile of road constructed, and also agrees
to pay forty thousand dollars each year.
On the second ultimO the committee on
industry presented to the Mexican con-
gress q report recommending the ap-
prOval, with come notifications, of the
contract concluded between the execu-
tive and Edward Lee Plumb for the con-
structiOn of a railroad from the city Of
Leon to point on the northern frontier
on the Rio Bravo. The Mexican con-
gress was resolved into a grand jury on
the same date to consider the impeach- !
ment of the president upon the charges of |
Vincente Riva PolacO. The discussion
was an excited one, but resulted in &C.
quittsl by a vote of one hundred and |
twenty-eight to ten. The galleries,
which were crowded, applauded the
finding. Depredations continue on the
frontier, and as yet no determined effoI
has been made by the Mexican govern.
meut TO stOp them -
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-06-04
PAN-ANGLICAN COUNCIL.
Remarks CT She Archbishop eff CsnteT.
bury on the suRjeCt-"Our Amer.
lean Brethren"
New York Tribune

New York Tribune.l
Recently, in the upper house Of the
cOnvOcation Of Canterbury, the arch
bishop Of that province, in answer to a
question, announced that another Lam
beth conference would probably be held
in 1877. These conferences are com.
posed OF bishops from all churches in
communion with the Anglican church.
DR.. TAFT said he had received the follow
ing resolution, passed by the cOnyoca-
ton of York:
'"That this synod, in reply to a commu-
nicstion from the province of Canter-
bury, asking for an expression of Opin-
ion upon three resolutions respecting
certain memorials received from the
ecclesiastical province of Canada, and
from the bishops Of the West Indian di-
oceses, prays that his grace the presi-
dent will convey to his grace the arch
bishop of Canterbury the wish OF this
synod that all necessary steps may be
taken for the assembling of a second
conference at Lambeth, but would de-
sire to leave all other questions involved
in these resolutions to be decided as may
seem best to tie Archbishop and the
bench of bishops"
The archbishop OF Canterbury also said
from the United States in which wish
is expressed on the part OF the bishops of
the Protestant Episcopal church that
they should have the opportunity of
gathering again in Lambeth, as they
did in the time Of his predecessor. az
am sure" he said, "yOur lOTdships will
feel the greatest desire to maintain the
unity of sentiment which has long ex-
listed between thO5e more distant
churches and our church at home,
1t seemed to my correspondents that it
would be convenient, if such a gather
ing is to take place, that it should be in
the year 1876, and toward the close of
the year. Your lOrdships will remem-
Der that the year 1867 was the year
when, under Archbishop Langley, there
was a gathering st Lambeth Of the
bishops from all parts Of the world. l
have consulted several of my brethren
on the subject and they are of opinion
on the whole that the tenth year is the
most natural time for any such gather
ering. That would occur in the year
1877. With regard to our brethren in
America" said the archbishop, "What .
we enjoyed so much during the late /
was the friendly intercourse /
and interchange Of sentiment between /
US and them. We have no desire to in /
terfeTe with their affairs, and l am sure |
that they have no desire to Interfere |
with ours. 1 think, as far as they are .
it would be work Of love .
in which we should Ee engaged-name- |
ly, the extension Of Christ's kingdom .
according to the system Of our Anglican /
church, and that perhaps we may be .
able by friendly intercourse to strength /
en- each others hands. OF course there .
is slss this point, that in various parts
Of our extensive colonies there are
branches Of the American church ex-
tending themselves, and the sort Of
relations that ought to exist between
the clergy OF our church and the clergy
1f that church, which has its branches
sVen IN China, might form q subject for
;CpRi leratiOn.n
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-06-04
BEER.
Proceedings or the Brewers' COnven.
lion at Cincinnati Yesterday
Lager as a Temperance
Beverage.

CINCINNATI, June 3.-In the Brewers
congress to-day the committee on reso-
lutioHs made lengthy report, which
recites the fact that the brewers pay
about nine million dollars revenue tax,
and states they would probably pay more
but for the stringent rules of revenue
officers that render the business danger
Gus; that it is desiTabletO obtain the best
materials in the cheapest markets, free
from the duty now imposed upon i'm
ported barley and hops in order
to compete with foreign brew
ers. They request the government to
remove all unnecessary restrictions un-
der which the malt liquor interest Ia
bOrsi and ask that congress be petition
ed to amend the internal revenue laws,
especially to limit the power which is
assumed by the commissioner of inter-
nal revenue Of deciding the amount of
tax 3 brewer is liable to pay. They ask
that certain sections Of the present in
ternal revenue laws that are obnoxious
to the brewing interest, with the cases
that have arisen from their enforce
ment, be brought to the notice Of the
government; that the government be
petitioned TO remove the duties on I'M
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-06-04

THE accounts Of the losses by the wind
and rain storm which has proven SO de-
structive IN and about Louisville, Ir-
dlanspolis and Wheeling, will challenge
attention as describing one Of the sever
est visitstlons OF the year. 1t was espe-
cially destructive at the latter named
place, steamboat owners being the heav-
lest sufferers. At Louisville the Masonic
Home was destroyed, one Of the finest
buildings Of the kind in the Union, It is
especially desirable that it should be i'm
medistely rebuilt. This it is proposed to
do by the aid Of the Masons in and out
Of the State, snd since those Of Mem
phis profted by the generous help Of
theiE Kentucky brethren, 1t is especially
becoming in them to be among the first
10 respond to the appeal about TO be
made to that end.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-06-04
General sher1dan,s Wedding.

CHICAGO, June 3.-The marriage OF
Northumberland P. II. Sheridan and
Miss Rucker, daughter of Brevet-M ajor
ID. d. Rucker, Neutrality-suspicious.
general, was celebrated at the residence
of the BRIDES parents, No. 504 Michigan
avenue, at half-past eight o'clock this
evening. The wedding was very quiet,
and plainly conducted, only friends and
comrades belonging to the army being
present, with their families. The fol-
lowing were invited and were present,
with the exception of President Grant,
who reluctantly asked to be excused on
account of the pressure of public busi-
ness: President and Mrs Grant; Cen
eral Belknsp, secretary Of war, and Mrs.
Belknap; General and Mrs. Babcock; 4;
General Sherman, general OF the army,
and Mrs. Sherman, and staff officers,
with their wives; General VanVleef,
chief quRrtermaster of the department
of Missouri, and Mrs. VonVIeet; Cen
eral Pope, of the department Of Mis-
souri,, and Mrs. Pope; General Augur,
of the department Of the Gulf; General
Terry, Of the department of Dakota;
General Ord, OF the department of Tex
as; General Crook, OF the department
Of the Platte, and Mrs. Crook; General
R.MFreely, cOnmissary- general Of SUBJ
sistence, Washington, and General Per-
~, chief qusrtermaster of the depart
ment Of the Platte. The bridal dress
was Of white gros-grain silk, softened
with tulle. The veil was also of tulle,
fastened with orange flowers. The orua-
ments were diamond solitaire earrings
gold necklace, with solitaire pendant,
and gold bracelets, the gift of the BRIDE
groom. There were no bridesmaids.
General Sheridan and all the Rrmy Off
GERS appeared in full uniform. The bri-
dal presents were numerous and costly.