New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-01-12

entire extent. there being scarcely town without
some natural body Of water in it, susceptible of be-
ing made profitable to the peope il suitably stocked
with fish, According TO their estimate there are 145
natural ponds in the State. having an area of so
acres and upward making an aggregate OF over
1900 acres now Inhabited by worthless kinds of
fish. of economical Importance. These can 20
filled. after time, with suitable species, auuins
the Commissioners has related more particuiarIy 10
the intrOduCtiOp,Of shad and salmon, wnoh, wiIn
the assistance or the United states Commssoner .,
Fisheries they have been enabled 10 euect on
largo scale the aggregate of 81 600 Caf0rDla salmon,
100000 Maine salmon. and 775OJO Shad having been
safely planted in the waters oil tho SGage durng tue
year. I.t.
NEW DYES OF CRoIssANT AND BRETONNIERE.-A
very important advance iii the art Of dyeing has
been made by tho discoveries of Messrs. Crossant
aud Br6tonniere. These consist the treatment OF
certain organic substances, such Us wood, sawdnst'
hchens moss, gluten, starch. sugar tannin. geia-
tine, blood. horn. SCOT sundry acids, ana alKaihe
Solids resins, etc.. by means OF certain sulphides' at
a moro or less elevated temperature. The process
of manufacture is very simple and inexpensive.
according to Messrs. Wrth d Co. at Frankfort-on-
the-Main. not exceeding $40 per hundred pounds;
the profits being much greater than those
from the manufacture of aniline colors Inc
new dyes comprise shades of brown. yellow
and gray; some tlnts of lilac and violets, ana
color very nearly approaching black Ihey are lios
very brilliant compared with anime uSoe ., puo
have peculiar warmth of tone which makes tnenl
especially suitable for fashion colors In cOmbina
ton with the wood and extract coiors' as wen as
with the aniine dyes, very beautl19i new snaues
are obtained. They are generally OF much greater
intensity than most natural dyes, and they are solu-
bic in water and adhere 30 the FIBER without any
mordant. although they are usually hxod by blchro-
mate of potash They sulpass i'll durability any
known dyes being not III the least auecteu by either
strong acids or alkalles.
STEEL DIRECT FROM THE ORE.-The system Pom
sard for producing steel direct from iron ore. has
attracted much attention. La Metauurgie gives the
following account of an experiment made On this
system: For several years metallurgists have es-
sayed to treat iron ores in reverberatory furnace
instead of the blast-furDace. which, besides being
very COSTLY can only. as yet, be worked with coke
or charcoal of which the cost has largely increased
of late years All the attempts made in Europe and
America have heretofore been unsatisfactory; but
the problem has at last been solved. On the 9th OF
September, at the forge of Verreres, at Vlenne
France the first production OF pigiron by the direct
treatment of the in the gas reverberatory FUR
mace system Ponsard took place under the superln-
tendeuce of the inventor with the assistance Oh NJ
8 Periss6 Director of the General Metalurgcsl So
ciety of Paris. The apparatus consists principally
of gazogen, which transforms the fuel IN series
of large chambers and of an apparatus In brlck.
called the recuperator of heat which receives the
flames from the furnace. and restores the caorio in
the form of hot air. The compartments OF the
chamber serve successfully for the reduction OF the
ore for the reactions which are effected, and
finally for the fusion of the whole charge in such
manner that the separation of the component parts
is effected by the difference of density These vari
Gus phases of the operation require very different
temperatures and the production of these is spe-
ca object of the apparatus. On the side of the fur
mace doors the temperature is only that OF red heat
while bevond the heat is so great that the eve is I'M
bic to support the intensity of the glow This ex-
traordinary heat is estimated at 10000, Cent
The success of the experiment Is reported TO have
is considered to demonstrate the possibility OF pro
ducng steel direct from the ore without any OF the
OF conrse this is a novelty i'll the history OF metal
iurgcal industry; and it is almost unnecessary to
add that should the system in daily praGtce justify
| the report, it will prove revolution indeed.