Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-02-12
Principles of Horticulture.

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bers of the FARMER, Lindleys Outline OF the
Principles Of Horticulture, for which we are
indebted to Brigham's American Gardiner
Assistant" II our subscribers do not pre-.
serve their papers we suggest they cut out
these articles aud save them in a scrap book
for study and refereuce-ED
1. GENERAL NATURE OF PLANTS.
l. Horticulture is the application of the
arts Of cultivation, multiplication, and do
msetication to the vegetable kingdom. Hor-
ticulture and Arboriculture are branches oil
Agriculture.
2. The vegetable kingdom is composed Of
living beings destitute of sensation, with no
power Of moving spontaneously from place
to place, and called plants.
3. Plants are organized bodies consist
ing Of masses Of tissue, which is permeable
by fluids or gaseous matter.
4. Vegetable tissue consists either OF
minute bladders, or tubes adhering by their
contiguous surfaces, and leaving intermedi-
ate passages where they do not touch
5. Tissue is called Cellular when it is
composed of minute bladders, which either
approach the figure Of sphere, or are OBJ
yiously some modification of it, supposed to
be caused by extensive or lateral compress.
sion.
@. When newly formed it is in very
lax state, and possesses great powers Of ab.
sorption, probably on account OF the exces.
sve permeablity of its membrane, and the
imperfect cohesion of its cells.
I. Cellular tissue, otherwise called Par.
enchyma, constitutes the soft and brittle
parts of plants, such as pith, puld, the spaces
between the veins Of leaves, and the principal
parts of the petals.
8. Succulent plants are such as have an
excessive development Of cellular tissue.
8. 1t may be considered the most essen.
tial kind Of tissue, because, while no plants
exist without it. many are composed Of
nothing else.
10. Tissue is called Woody Fiber when
il is composed of slender tubes which are
concal aud closed at each end, and placed
side by side.
IL. Woody fiber is what causes stiffness
and tonacitY in certain parts of plants hence
it isfound in the veins of leaves, and in
bark, and it constitutes the principal part
Of the wood.
II. Vascular Tissue is that in which
either an elastic tough thread is generated
sprnlly within tube that is closed and
CONCEAL at each end or rows of cylindrical
oellules, placed end to end, finally become
continuous tubes by the loss Of their ends.
l3. The most remarkable form of vas.
culsr tissue is the Spiral Vessel, which has
the power of rolling with elasticity when
stretched.
IA. Other kinds of vascular tissue are
incapable Of uuroling, but break when
stretched.
Is. Spiral vessels are not found in the
wood or bark, aud rarely in the roots Of
plants
Is. Vascular tissue of other kinds is
confined to the root, stem, veins Of leaves,
petals, aud other parts composed of leaves.
1t is not found in bark.
II. The common office of the tissue is to
convey fluid or air, aud to act as tho recep-
tacle of secretions.
l8. Cellular tissue conveys fluids in all
directions, absorbs with great rapidity, is
the first cause Of the adhesions that take
place between contiguous parts, aud is the
principal receptacle OF secreted matter.
49, Adhesion will take place at all times
during the growing season, when the cellular
tissue Of two different parts, or OF two differ
ent plants, are kept for some time in con-
tact but as none but tissues of nearly the
same nature will adhere, grating and bud
ding, which are caused by the adhesion Of
contiguous parts, can only take place be-
tween different varieties of the same species
or between nearly related species and even
then only when the corresponding parts Of
the scion or bud and the stock are placed in
contact.
20. Woody fiber conveys fluid in the
direction of its length gives stiffness and
Aexibility to the general system, and acts as
protection to spiral and other delicate ves-
sells
81. Spiral vessels convey Oxygenated
air.
%. Other vessels probably conduct fluid
when young, and air when old.
%. As the bodies Of which all tissue is
composed are perfectly simple, unbranched,
and regular in figure, having, when elOngat-
ed, their two extremeties exactly alike, they
are more or less capable Of conveying gaseous
matter or fluids in any direction, and, conse-
quently, current may be reversed 10 them
without inconvenience hence inverted cut
tings or stems will grow.
"a. All parts of plants are composed of
tissue, whether they be soft, as pulp, or hard,
as the bOny lining Of a peach,