Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1875-10-22
EVENING STAR.
FRIDAT............oc October -. 1874
WHAT STANLEY WaNrS To Ms

| he has established the truth Of Spess,s -
/ port thst he Victoria Lake l. one vast boz '
| Of water, and not chain OF lakes, as onieSs-
tUrei TO he rs Burton, and Is supposed 10 bs
| by Livingstone. He has shone TO the world
ttat The wild trites inhsbiting the shores OF
this great lake occupy large tracts OF amazing
| their resources OF cattle ana elephants for
| a profitable trade for the outside world In
Occasionally his disclosures OF th,sse riehes
| viii shortly attract thc enterprising mercan-
tile spirit OF England and the United States
10 the project OF opsning commercial high
way nom the scabcard ~ the Victoria Nj
yanza. We anticipate a similar report from
the Albert Niyanza Sir samuel Baker, in
AIS famous military expedition up the Nile
IN the service OF the enlightened aud progress
sive khedive OF Egypt narrowly escaped
with his command from Vie trsacherous aud
warnke ssvages, and slave traders. on tue
ben zen rs between these two great lakes;
chaetlsement that they have since been com
paratlyefy peaceabie. Gen. Gordon and Can't
Long, too, az present In the khedive's service
have recently impressed those tribes with the
Nlncioie power of the white uaen, so that in
crossing over from the Victoria 10 the A lbert
axe, we expect that Stanley will tind frie1d =
among those tribes instead OF cue mics In his
accommodation OF the Albert lake which
mas been explored only by Baker south ward
or 10 miles OF SO from its northern outlet,
SIaniey may solve the only remaining mys-
try OF the Nile, which is its reported con
ntctloh with the Tanganyika. IL was by
soin ~, oi lhe natives reports TO Baker, while
en- the borders OF this lake on his military
expedition, that there was a nayisable con =
nection between this lake aud the TangAnyI-
Ma out this report was treated as an fnvpn-
ZION, with the tact before the world that Iiy-
ngStone and Stanley, in a canoe trip from
lJiJi TO the north end OF the Tanganyika
found there river with a strong curren
from the north, Towing into the lake. Thus
dividing ridge was established between tn q
two lakes, and yet there may be a navigable
connection between them, as We shall pres
emily show.
The Viceroy OF Egypt's expedition. over
unity years ago, was the first regularly or
eanized and equipped underta king To deter
mine The length and sources OF the White
Nile or main river. This expedition ascend
cd the stream from the catarscts OF Egypt To
and within hundred miles OF Lake Albert
when, dispirited and exhausted IL faced
about and returned down The river 20 Cairo
The nrst actual discovery OF one of the fpun-
laln-heacs OF the great river was that of
Spoke and Grant, in their discovery of the
great lake, To which, in honor OF their SOW
ereign, they gave the name OF Victoria
coupling II with the native name N'yanZa or
NiAanZa. They traced IL 20 It's outlet and
It's outlet they found was the Nile. or a
branch of the Nile. Convinced on their mart
that they had discovered the fountain-haai
OF The river, they SO reported il, and IL was
SO occepted by the world until Sir sam
uel Baker, few years later, in Ascending
the main stream from Abyssinia, discoy.
cred west OF the Victoria. and crossing the
equator, too, another great lake tributary 10
the Nile, TO which, in honor OF the worthy
coBsort OF his sovereign, ne gave the name of
Albert NiyanZa. Thus IL was considered
that the whole problem of the sources of the
Nile was settled, excepting the extent and
the drainage of the Albert lake. But IL vas
inferred by the London Royal Geographical
Society that this lake extended southwark
only degree or two below the equator, aud
that, with the Victoria, IL absorbed all the
fountain-h heads of the Nile. But Livingstone,
meantime, from Lake Tanganyika west
ward, had been quietly pursuing, unkuovn
10 the world, his labOrious explorations and
his extraordinary discoveries i'm that great
interior region Of fertile lowlands. and of
springs, lakes, and rivers which We Will call
Livingstone's Interior Basin. In consulting
our map, the reader will perceive that All
this vast system of lakes and rivers, through
the bualaba and the Lomame, are drained
INTO one great heavy stream flowing west
ward, and that this stream, az i'm an un known
desert, is suddenly cut off. This is the Nile
mystery which stall remains unsolved, aud
here lies the ultimate and paramount work
OF Stanley In his present expedition, for
here it was that Livingstone was COM
PEELED 10 relinquish the prize within his
grasp, and TO abandon IL from sheer exnaus-
ton. This great interior basin. extending
through over ten degrees of latitude, ana
stretching across twelve degrees OF Longitude,
Ing an area equal 70 the section OF the United
States embraced between the latitude OF
this city and the Gulf of Mexico on the one
hand, and between the Atlantic coast aud
the Mississippi river on the other. Aud the
drainage OF this great basin, from all its
countless springs, lakes, and rivers, drawn
Africa, as Livingstone believed from his re-
searches, and from the course of the great
OutfOwing river, belongs TO the Nile. la
this belief he died, and in this belief mis- wei.
come companion on the Tangauyika and
his successor TO his unfinished work mas gone
out to finish IL. II established that this sys-
tenn OF interior rivess ana lakes is tributary
TO The Nile, then the great river of Egypt
flowing through forty tour degrees of iati-
tude. or with a distance in n straight line of
5000 miles between its sources aud delta on
fk,s.
in the world.
Stanley has established its drainage BIZ
the Victoria lake Is extending TO four de-
grees south of the equator, or thirty-six de
grees from its functions with the sea. Thus,
as our mighty Mississippi lows through
only twenty degrees OF latitude, il must be
out Livingstone's extension, in his length
and unfailing strength eciipses the Fat her
OF waters" Flowing !, 800 miles through a
roasting desert without a tributary the vol
ume Of water which the Nile carries TO the
sea is much less than that OF the Mississippi,
while its supplies from the clouds in the
rainy division OF the continent which it
crosses are much greater.
Livingstone made the Tanganyika Lake az
UJljl bis headquarters for several years. He
had been up and down Il and far 10 the south
of IL, but had not discovered its outlet when
be was found and rescued by Stanley. Toe
two men, in an expedition by boat, as we
have said, discovered powerful stream
ity, from which they naturally concluded
that its outlet WAS at Its southern extremity,
and that the stream, in a enthusiastically
course, was discharged into the Indian
Ocean. But Lieut.. tamerons discovery of
the outlet OF this lake causes to regret that
Livingstone did not make il. This Cameron,
a young and active British explorer, In a
recent decentralization of this beautiful
lake, discovered lis outlet on its western
side, and from our latest advices concerning
h IN we presume that he is now threading by
boat the mazes OF Livingstone's Basin. The
fact Is established that the Tansanyixa Lake
is tributary 10 the Lulaba, and as tue Lulaba
Joins the Lonafne, we have only 10 make a
connection between this stream and tue Nile
In order TO connect the TaaganyIka with
Lake Albert.
Cameron set out on his voyage down the
outlet from Tanganyika fully satisfied that
he was on the waters of the Congo, and
would come out by this river into the Allan
tic Ocean. But the Luleoa and the Lomarae,
which drain this interior basin, pursue a
course, not westward TO the Congo, but
northward TO the Nile. Nor can we resist
the conclusion that IL the Lcname is not dis
charged into Lake a bert IL will be found To
be the Bahr- ell Ghasal, q great river which
enters the Nile on the wSst side some 400
railes north OF the Albert lake. Petherick's
exploration OF this great tributary or main
river, does not cTerthrcV this theory, for he
did not pursue the Bahr~el Ghazal TO its
sources, while between She ascertained basin
ofthe Lomame and that Of the Congo there
is chain Of mountains of 5000 feet above
the sea, or some Z, 80 feet above Living