New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-04-24
FACTS ABOUT TIE SUN.

RESEARCHES IN SOLAR PHYSICS MADE AT TIE ALE
GuE OBSERVATORY DURING TIE PAST FOUR
YEARS-BY PROF. s. z. LANGLEY, ASTRONOMER
N CHARGE.
Toward the close of the last century Sir W.
orschc propoun rcd his weku0wn theory OF the solar
constitution and reorganization of 1t would serve
10 ind cate the advance OF knowledge Of tie
sun This theory rather this hypothesis though ITSELF
great advance previous crude conceptions regarded
m VIII remembered the interior OF the sun as prob
ably dark AMI solid globe, not mpOssibly habtable
one surrounded by double envelope. the Ontrr beng OF
luminous cloud. the inner shield whth protects the
solar interior from external heat When look on
The prnunbra of spot in this theory we Sc. the inner
stratum whio the umbfa s portion 0f the sold c.chS
nm cHhaustlcss flow from thin stratum OF coud
wit ct Any de me- 2%se Of Of q py q S nS nj
Contemporaries; but that with the discoveries of iycr
and OLhCTS and "A better understand OF tio laws OF
heat anu O the nature Ot force AMI oil notion IL me- D.
Impossible to avoid the concluSion hdl the whole
Iuass of the sum- and not its surface alone, Is neces
ssiily concerned in its radiation. Had no teie
S s%r Of Po' AIR William uersr6e to "nr own
his views would have been eTttly overthrow nv the
progress Of modern knowledge IN other fields but a.
matter OF fact direct sltscOplo evidence is equally
contradictory Undue consideration might seem to b.
given views autiquated if not thoroughly Obso-
lei, in thus detailing thcn but the views OF 81 CLOSE an
observer and conscientious sta lent 40 HSrschcl VIII
always lac entitled 10 respect and they do, IN iact pow e.
fully influence our present popular knowledge
Taking for granted nat in tins place deaed retn-
ts,i"f, Of thu popular tradlon'l errors wch are sup
ported by his great name would De snperiluo1s.
pTOf Langley
be the slate Of our knowledge IN very recent years or ~
late ~ the lime when the observations at Allegheny
unbri wis not the SUFFICE OF any solid presumably at
least by the discovery within II Of what he termed the
the rctioulaOn as he called 1t OF the SOAR shI.
fac and the term " Rice,srain. AMI " granules'
Others the curious structure now rst studied by them,
and simultaneously by seecb IN Rome Al this time Car
rngtnn had commenced his great Labor on ia, motions
In the SPOT. and then unknown 10 him Scbwabe had IN
German, already completed more than decade OF
ssTN 81 % "a
of LaDgier Peers aud Others the fact OF the maXima
AMI niuiIna periods established an the more II
er ws II the motions OF tie spots IN long tude and lat
Fayo IN France and sccchi In Italy nearly the same
TINT preached the at nrs signi starting hypothesis
THAI the probably GASEOUS or chiefly gaseous
throughout, the frat astronomer supporting MS view with
powerfully urged considerations rs IL the Necessity Of an
interchange of beat between the snriacg and interior,
such A. ooIld only go on IN gaseous uud ana from
nosi elaborate Discussion of tie observations OF TAR
the laws OF spot inuuon ana OF the ObServa
tios OF oscchi hime the hypOth'ss dednccd that
the spots we're uo product OF solar cyclones on wir-
winds q ncrsted originally by the dAercnce of yeUcueo
snlc action the ohromOsphorc and cooled external
gse- back into the sun, where th,y we're disuiuied
by the sohnioal action arOunI tho cream
az tine cyclone, az It's unseen termination III tno interior
sphcfc jets and aculr eccl olIusCd this view, ana
especially all the ideas Of The important influence OF
the cOuiC action while admitting tie occasional very
al ,i vi,ys which !,i,'si,rd tDr sal,r snTacc
LIQUID and the spOts Stag Ike products vi cooling.
kiroAnH bad further framed 10 Hypothesis which
c,,r,l.I unbrp and p.nunbre as clio ads above The
slirfnee aud while all tins discussion was active the
spcr0scOje in the hands 0f JanSsOn dud LOckJer had
gwen means for the daily study OF the ehromOspnere
where volcanic oubursts forced upon us the recOnsid
GRAFTON of the view de a'tL
IL 49, the Aeg1e Observatory commenced 10 give
spec attention TO solar physi-. with which II has
siGca been Largely occupied ILs dDOs now ~ sense
nui,hedD are sul chiefly waiting Publication .he nan-
% Of them lie substantially complete. ana |
ds To- present IL 10 the Academy ia the lOIIn Of the
present summary OF its oontcD.s. since 1870 tle
t- bc-n studiod aud drawings made Of ltd surface
three different soalcs The hist is by projecting
image OF the ON eircle osni ncIcs IN diameter.
drlwiug every spot Win cXtctncss ANA indicating tlc
position Of the idcuu his "a neral map Cf tho
for the day the second by substituting higher
power and drawing any rtnil kibb spot or cOnnSuIt
ton. scale OF from 30 10 90 inches tO the
solar diameter Will very accurate oieniation
image. tie photograph cannot rcach tn third drawing
made direct 10y Of tine pOlrizng eye OF
any special feature OF the spot o0mpInc by micro
These details thus reached II should he dts ncty une.
stood absOuGey Inaccessible tO the photograph,
10y MeesTs rutherford or DE Ia IL is 10 these eye
studies then, and such tbt made with minute,
every while the eye Is actually AT the Telescope ami
checked necessarily by micioneI1o meIsur mont, tnat
the advance Of information in This fed must DC due.
or these drawings thus made some hlufcs nave been
prepared the Observatory. selection from OF the
most important OF winch II Is intended 10 represent pDO
Geographically.
attained ia measuring the heat OF different parts U tine
sun in tue following table the radius OF the
Dsod 10 DC divided into huudTedtis. The heat U toe
ann assumed Al It's confer to b. 100 Tne distances
the center Ia the cicun represented
ahe nrst eoininn " - meaning 2o-lOOth,, OF = the
'adius rom the CENTER " %" Il the radius 49,
9s." the edge and the edge the sun.
In hs second column the fsliiD of O heat In indicated,
figures reccde from loo down ~ lees tnti at
rie edge OF the The thTd Column Is decimal, and
the possible plus mln second
column. The fourth column states the number OF
vatons made of IN the cdlcuisOn T1e last oolInn
gives NOgls estimate OF acc power at the points
on the suns surface.