The star. (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1874-1875, 1875-03-01
TIE MARouIs OF HARTxNeroN.

The leader of the English Liberals in
place Of Gladstone, who stepped down
and out into the dense fog of ecclesiasti
cism, is the eldest son of the Duke OF
Devonshire. Probably no family figures
more conspicuously in English history
than the Devonshires.
The family was founded in the early
part of the reign of Henry VIII by viii.
liam Cavendish, who, as one of the
Kings financial officers, Cleaned very
respectable fortune out of the pickings
and stealings afforded by the confsca.
tion OF the enormous possessions of the
Catholic Church. All the first families
OF the English aristocracy got their start
by robbing somebody. In the same way
all wealth made by land is acquired even
now in this country. The Government
confiscates the land of the people and
sells it to those who have money, or gives
it to corporations that have no souls.
In 1547 VIM. Cavendish married Bess
Hardwick-a woman OF great ability who
imperiously governed all her four hus-
bands. Cayendish lived with her ten
years and died, leaving her four chill
dren-all she ever had. She was ambi-
tious, and to eXalt her sons was guilty
Of many acts that should have sent her
to the gallows. Two OF her sons founded
noble families. The second son, Will
liam, was the favorte of sold Bess," and
he became enormously rich. In 1918 he
was created Earl of Devonshire, and died
in 1925. His son held the estates but
three years, but so terribly incumbered
them that they would have been lost had
it not been for the remarkable energy OF
his widow, a Scottish lady of the great
Bruce family.
Thus woman founded the Cavendish
| family, and but for another woman, mar
ried in from another race, it would have
utterly gone down within three quarters
of a century. The thhd Earl, son of the
Scottish woman, held the title fiity-six
years. The fourth Earl of Deyonshire is
the magnificent gentleman who figures
so largely in Macauley's history. He
was one ofthe seven persons who brought
over William Of Orange and effected the
Revolution of 1858. He eXerted himself
in the House of Lords 10 defeat the bill
of attainder under which Sir John Fen
| wick was put to death-the last English
man who has died in that way-and the
| bill would have been defeated but for the
| or kf,
made Duke o; DeyoGshtre aud Marquis
of Harrington. He died in 17UI. The
second Duke died in IT'D. The third
Duke died in 1865. The fourth
Duke died in 17G4. All these Dukes
were extensive office holders. The sixth
Duke is chiefly noted as the husband OF
Georgiana Spencer, the Duchess of Dev-
onshire, who figured SO largely in the
| society and politics of her day. He died
in 1911, and was succeeded by his son
| who lived unmarried and died in 1858.
The seventh and present Duke is the
oldest grandson of George Augustus
Henry Cavendisb, Earl of Burlington
who was brother OF the fifth Duke
HIS son, by courtesy Marquis Of Har-
tington, is the first member OF the family
who has risen to great eminence since
1855. To this house belongs tile chemist
Henry Cavendish, who became very rich.
| Chatsworth was acquired by the first
Cavendish, who, under the direction OF
his wife, "Old Bess," began to build then
The splendid establishment has been de-
veloping through three centuries. AL
the Dukes and Earls of Devonshire, ,of this
family, bore the name of William, and il
became extinct at the close Of the seven
comes down from the third son of ole
Sir William and Bess, to whom Welbech
Abbey and other property was be-
queathed.
His second wife was Baroness Ogii
and their son, William Cavendish, sue
ceeded TO his mothers title and to i'm
mense possessions in 1920. He was made
Marquis Of Newcastle in 1913. lie was
one OF the chief of the Cavalier party
that figured during the great civil war
but was beaten, and the royalist cause
hopelessly lost at Long Marston Moor
His losses during the war were equal tC
SIG, 600 900 of our money. Dying in 1876
he was succeeded by his son, who died
sonless, so that the Welbeck branch o.
the Cavendishes came to an end. This
was once far the greater of the two Cav
endish families; but the Chatswortl
branch still survives and has given {
+ leader to the Liberals.
/ Care of Window Plants.