davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12
What Agricultural Papers are For.

The following from the Springfield Re-
publican, on the newspaper, is, with the
slight variations we have made, applicable
to the agricultural paper
What is an agricultural paper for? Ger
tainly not to relieve people from the
trouble of thinking and acting for them
selves. The proper business of an agri.
cultural paper, as we understand the
matter, is to suggest to point out; to ex-
hort with all long-suffering and patience to
critcise when things go wrong to applaud
when they go right to be at all times
helpful, educating, stimulating-a terror to
evil-doers and praise to them that do well.
All the while, and above everything else. to
print the agricultural news and to do this
in such an intelligent and Ineligible way
that the narrative Of to.day's events shall
illuminate the duties Of tomorrow.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

a superior lot Of COWS will increase the butter
product; but If fed to an inferior lot Of COWS,
waste can only be the result.
9. That the character Of the food has
some influence on tho character of the but
ter, but even here breed influences more than
food.
7. That there is no constant relation
between the butter product and the cheese
product.
8. That the casein retains a constant per.
centage, and that this percentage does not
appear to respond TO increased food.
8. That the casein appears to remain con-
slant, without regard to the season.
10. That increase in the quantity Of milk
is followed by an increase 10 the total amount
Of casein.
IL. That insufficient feed acts directly TO
check the proportion Of butter, and has a
tendency to decrease the casein Of the milk
and substitute albumen.
12. That the best practice Of feeding is TO
regulate the character Of the food by the
character Of the animals fed feeding supe-
rior COWS nearer to the limit Of their produc-
ton than inferior COWS; feeding, if for
butter, more concentrated aud nutritious
foods than for cheese feeding for cheese
product succulent material which will in-
crease the quantity of the milk yield.
The propositions contained 10 the first six,
and the 10th, 1llh and 18th of the above
rules, coincide with the suggestions of the
experience of most dairymen of ordinary
good sense aud perception who regard the
matter of increasing the product per COW as
not beneath their consideration. They are
simply common sense rules, enunciated in
the chaste, artistic phraseOlOgy peculiar to
DR. Sturtevant.
But if insufficient feed "has tendency to
decrease the casein Of the milk and substi-
tute albumon," as we doubt not it has, then
it would appear that the casein has not ia
constant percentage" as stated in the eighth.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

The Vermont Board of Agriculture will
hold meeting at Canaan, December 7th
and 9Th, in which the New Hampshire
board will join. On the 9th the members of
the Vermont board will participate in the
meeting Of the New Hampshire board at
North Stratford This interchange of courte-
sizes will be productive of good as well as of
pleasant memories.
The members of the Vermont board have
no authority to act for, or at the expense of
the state, at meeting out of the state, and
will attend the North Stratford meeting at
their own expense.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

The selection of well bred males and
those that possess and are capable of trans
mitting desired qualities is so generally
disregarded that the regulation of the mat
ter by legal enactment, though essentially
arbitrary, would be productive of good
results. In Prussia the government has
given especial attention to the improvement
of horses, having stations where stations
are kept whose services can be had for mod
crate fees. The result has been very bene.
fetal, affording cavalry horses for the army
at remuuerativo prices to farmers. In 1874
the government of Hanover issued an ordi-
nance that thereafter only such stations owned
by private individuals should be used as we're
approved by government commission con-
sisting Of land owners, one cavalry officer
aud one veterinary surgeon. The system
was attended with marked success in improv-
ing the horses of the country.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

Mr. McKeen, our South Acworth, N. H.,
correspondent says in private letter he sis
inclined to think that breeding fancy poultry
pays better than fancy cattle, horses and
sheep. As for pork, he can buy hundred
pounds of it with two turkeys" We have
no doubt of it. Little capital is required
for starting and for care, and the returns
are speedy. The buyers are more
numerous than for animals which sell for
several hundred or thousand dollars each,
and the risk is small Common poultry Of
good kinds, when well cared for pays well.
A neighbor once informed us that his daugh-
ter had in few years, sold four thousand
dollars worth of dressed poultry, and that it
was, except the care, nearly all profit.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12
Feeding for Butter and Cheese.

DR. Il. s. Sturtevant recently made to the
Connecticut Board of, Agriculture report
on the above subject, in which he gives q
summary Of his conclusions as follows;
l. That the production of butter is largely
dependent on the breed.
2. That there is a structural limit to the
production Of butter to each COW.
3. That when the COW is fed TO this limit,
increased food cannot increase the product,
4. That the superior COW has this struc-
tural limit at greater distance from ordi-
nary feed, and more ready to respond to
stimuli, than the inferior COW.
3. That consequently the superior COW is
seldom fed to her limit, while the inferior
COW may be easily fed beyond her limit, and
as q practical conclusion, increased feed With
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Deep and Shallow Setting.

EDITOR VERMONT FARMER What is the
theory aud practice in Vermont as to set
ting milk, deep or shallow, for butter.mak-
ing2 The results OF recent experiments,
made under the direction Of the western New
York dairyman's association, show that deep
setting yields more butter, than shallow.
Messrs Martin Bailey and o. @. Blodgett,
two of the best butter-makers 10 Ohantauqua
county, were chosen to oppose Mr. L. S,
Hardin of Louisville, Ky.
They divided the nights milk of fifteen
native COWS, 1856 pounds. The New York
gentleman used shallow pans, and made a
pound of butter from 81 .53 pounds of milk.
Mr. Hardin, with deep pans, made his pound
oi butter from 2l.5l pounds of milk, set at a
temperature Of thirty-eight degrees.
Mr. Hardin also made a trial with a Mr.
Reeder, using Jersey m ilk, with the follow.
ing results: Set in Mr. Reeder's shallow pans,
a fraction over 10 pounds of milk was re.
quired to make pound Of butter; set in
Mr. Hardin's deep pans, II pounds of milk
made pound of butter.
At the st Louis fair, recently held, Mr.
Hardin made an experiment with Mr. ID.
Douglass of Peuely, Mo. The shallow pans
required 22.O2 pounds of milk for a pound
Of butter; the deep paus required 20.S5,
at temperature of fOrty-two degrees.
Mr. Douglass is described as one of the
most successful dairymen in the South. His
miIk-house cost $4,000. He uses long pans
with cold spring water running under them
and keeping them at uniform temperature
Of sixty degrees. Half his herd are full
blood and grade Jerseys. His butter sells
in St Louis at the highest prices.
AGRIcoLA.
THE practice is almost invariably shallow
setting. Not the old.fashioued kind Of shal.
low setting, two and a half inches deep,
but what is, at the present time, termed
shallow setting, viz, Eve to eight inches
The opinions Of nearly all the writer's and
dairymen concur in favor of shallow setting
A few parties practice deep setting, and
champion Its advantages with enthusiasm
The discussion Of the relative merits OF tht
two systems has unfortunately in some in
stances degenerated into personal controversy
and personal victory appears to have be
come more desirable than the discovery o.
truth.
1t may be regarded as certain that rela
BILE data in dairy matters can only be OBJ
tained by careful series of experiments con
Quoted with untiring patience, by unbiased
experimenters, with every other condition pre-
cisely identical, and with every possible yari
alton. 1t is not enough to divide mess o.
milk into two equal parts and set one shal
low, the other deep, at different tempera
lures. The milk must be held at the sam,
temperature, and, what is more, different
temperatures, aud perhaps other differences ii
condition, must be tested. IL may be that
deep setting requires different temperatur,
from shallow. Then mess of milk mus
be divided into four or more parts, perhap
forty, and these set in pairs, each pair a
different depth or temperature.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

The Dutch inlet Zuyder-Zee, containing
4s1, 1854 acres, is to be reclaimed from the
ocean. An immense dixie twenty-five miles
long aud twenty-three feet above the water,
costing slO,5OO,OOO, is to be built and the
whole cost is estimated at SS7 ,OOO,O 600.
The average depth of water is fourteen and
One.hAlf feet, which is to be pumped out by
steam. Two hundred dollars an acre is con-
sidered low estimate Of the saleable value
of the reclaimed land, which would give a
surplus to the government, above cost, OF
S2OO,OO0,O00. 1t will take fifteen or twenty
years for the job, and we wish our Datch
brethren success.
What would be thought of Yankees who
should set about lifting iarus up bodily
from the depths of the Hea2 If farmer
undertakes TO practice thorough culture
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

fright up to the handle," be is looked upon
as lunatic or fool. Drainage of lands
already in sight is thought waste Of money
the idea Of fishing up those out Of sight under
fourteen feet Of salt water is too costly TO be
thought Of. But "those Dutch" will do the
thing and make money thereby.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

For the vnRnoEg FAnnnR.
AUTUMN. -


me autumn Of the year has come
. TIE labOr Of NE summer's done,
They who in apring neglect 10 SOW,
The joys Of harvest must brogo.
Prom morn tin noon, from noon Till night
The farmer works with viii And might,
To gather in ifom harvest nstds
Ths various prsduCts which thsy yield,
And store them up FOR future needs.
The wants of aocks and herds he hoeds.
That they in turn may him supply
With comforts that nons e'er decfy,
The farmer, in his lowly cot,
Has Joys which maay king has noti
He looks 70 nsture for his dus,--
She ns'Sr is fhlss, but always true.
She gives 70 him whate'sr he ask
1fhs but bends unto the task,
And shows that he his part will do,
She opss the door that Leads thereto.
Through countless labyrinths shs'n co.
She welcomes friends, but fears no Zoe,
She knows 70 her ali must succunb,
And 70 complaints is ever dumb.
Her beauties she 10 all displays;
Their confidence she ne'er betrAys;
But ever seeks the good Of those
Who in her truth and love repose.
Oh how can frail and feeble man
Refuse to grasp his mothers handi
Or think IL q disgrace or ban
To labor as q husbandmanl
With hardened hand and sunburnt face,
With stalwart form and easy grace,
He moves among the growing corn,
Nor idly waits the dinner horn.
But hoe in hand he cuts the weeds,
That they his crops may not impede,
And when his labor g nicely done,
He feels that he g victory won.
And reward is sure 10 win,
In ample stalk, and rounded bin,
or wheat and oats, and yellow corn,
His well-Rlled store-house now adorn.
An honest pride he well may feel,
ofevery product in his holdi
And that by labor, toll and care,
He's enough 10 eat-enough to wear.
And who's better right than he
Who tills the soil to happy be,
The millions that he helps 10 feed
Ignore the farmers wants and needs
He's nothing but farmer boy,
And pleased with any childish toy;
There's nothing he can do or win
We've nought TO care or fear from him.
But, bark methinks there comes 4 voice,
Be careful ere you make your choice,
For farmers boys are waking now
To claim their rights and all shall bow
To farmer boys, ifhonest men,
Their rights respect. Your hands extend,
And greet them as q brother man,
And know ye must, and ought, and can.
For every one who tills the soil,
Or shoves the plane In honest toll.
Or wields the hammer at the forge,
Calls upon nature TO disgorge,
And unto them living give,
That they may eat, and drink, and live
Like honest men who troad the sod,
obeying the commands Of God.
Ifman his daily bread TO gain
In-honest labor 10 ashamed,
And thinks 1t an ignobls way,
To him we've only this To ay,-
That every sluggard we dospise,
We heed them not, nor hear their cries.
lion my bounty you depend,
Your help to me ye must extend.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

The Live Stock Journal says inventors
have given up the attempt to perfect self
binder with wire, because the wire cannot
afterward be separated from the straw, and
is likely to be swallowed by the stock. We
notice, however, from the reports of the New
York state fair that Walter A. Wood exhib-
tied his self.biDdpr which uses wire.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12
Waste of Pig Manure.

1t is not an easy matter to save all the ma.
nure from pigs. have allowed for loss
of seven per cent on many farms, presume,
a loss Of seventy per cent would be nearer
the truth. The food of cows and sheep con-
tains large proportion Of woody fiber. This
is voided in the faces. But the food of
pigs contains very little woody fiber nearly
the whole of the food is digested, and conse-
queDtly We get small amount of solid
faces and very large proportion Of liquid
manure. Now, pound Of nitrogen in the
urine is worth more than u pound of nitro
gen in the crude, undigested matter found in
the faces. And this is true to still greater
extent in regard to phosphoric acid. Pro-
fessor johnson estimates soluble phosphoric
acid at sixteen and quarter cents per pound,
and insoluble acid at six cents. The nitro.
gen and phosphOric acid in the manure from
pigs, therefore, is usually worth much more
than that in the manure Of cattle, sheep and
horses. 1t is worth, probably, about as
much as that found in hen manure. In the
hen manure, however, it is an easy matter
to prevent loss, but in pig manure there is
so much water that it Is necessary to take
special pains to prevent its running to waste.
The urine of pigs will be found very active
and powerful manure,-Cor Western Rural,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

EPIzo6To.-In 1872 l had very large
and extended experience among the subjects
of epizo6tic in Chicago, Madison, and other
places. found whole stables full of horses
in one S6-and nearly all were blistered
in most fearful and horrible manner, with
out in the least checking it or helping the
patient, but, on the contrary, causing a
greater amount Of suffering, Steaming, unless
done with extreme care and caution, does
harm, as when the warmth of the fermenta.
tion is gone, the animal is generally exposed
to an ordinarily colder atmosphere, etO. No
treatment in my own practice was SO efec-
tual, and none brought speOdier and more
permanent relief than powerful stimulaht
applied to the throat outside, and tincture OF
lobelia one ounce, gelsemium one-hAlf ounce
mix and place from thirty to forty drops
upon tho roots Of the tongue three times
day. Plenty Of pure air aud general warmth
and comfort make good nursing-not too
much pampering aud medication Watliam
torn, M. d., V. s., ia Country Gentleman.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

Hedges SO popular az fences a few years
ago, are found to cost more than post and
board fence 1t costs more to keep them in
repair, and they occupy much land and are
not thought so desirable as formerly.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

The type made us say, in speaking of Mr.
Hills lamb, that certain rams were bred by
Robert Game-should be Robert Garne.
GWill the ram lamb please excuse the
printer.-Typo.1
Mr. Hill hasa very fine flock Of Cots
wolds. We have seen them at the fairs many
times.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

Nearly One-hAlf, by weight, of all dried
plants is carbon.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12
VOL. VINO. 40.
NetAthMt Eatmtt
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY ny
ROYAL CUMMINGS,
ST. JoHNsBuRY, VT.
c. HORACE HUBBARD, Agricultural Ed'r,
r. o. Address, Springfield, We.

Terms OF Subscription.
One COPY year, paid 10 advance, Two Dollars
One copy six mouths. One Dollar.
One copy three months, on trial, Fifty Cents.
Free OF Postage to amy Point in the United
States Canada.
An papers stopped when the subscription has expired.
Ia requesting change Of address, the posocc Il Is to be
changed from should be given well the address,
In caubs.-As lnducement Tor subscribers TO club
together bring other Subscribers copies
for dollars at the rate Of per copy when four
are ordered at time
Rates Or Advertising .--For one or more inches Of
space four weeks rs inch per RuLE
Multiply the number Of inches space by the number Of weeks
and divide by four 10 hnd the cost In dollars.
Communications hr the Agricultural Department should
be addressed to the Agricultural Rdltor atsPrngneld VT
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-11-12

Communications r the Agricultural Department should
be addressed to the Agricultural Editor athpngned, VT
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1875-09-30
The Polar Bears Cunning.

According to the Esquimaux, the seal
constructs its abode beneath the surface
of the ice in such manner that il can en-
ter it from the waters below. Here the
young seal passes its infancy, and when
the returning heat Of summer has destroy
cd its igloo or dwelling, the young seal is
old enough to take care OF itself; but this
mode of lodging its youth beneath the
ice is we'll known to the bear, who, with
its keen scent, soon detects the where
abouts of the SEALS nursery, and in order
to gain entrance makes a spring and
comes down heavily on the top Of the
iglco, crushes it in, and Immediately
seizes the young seal with its paw Here
it might be supposed the hungry bear at
once devours its prey; but it is tar to
wary to do so; it knows full we'll that
where baby is, there mnst of necessity
be mother, and that she will be in search
of her darling; therefore, the bear scrapes
the snow away from the seals hole, and
holding the the young seal by the tlippers
allows it to founder about. and when the
mother approaches, the bear slyly draws
the young seal towards it until the old
one is within reach, when he seizes> her
with the other paw, and thus captures
both.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1875-09-30
The London Times

A correspondent of the Lond on Graphic
stated that the "Thundercr" contains 12O
columns of solid matter. There are twen-
ty pages packed solid, withopt vacant
line. There is no loaded matter, e4ce>.'
the leading articles, special dispatches,
and one Of the foreign letters. lie esti-
mates that the amount Of matter if given
to any of the New York dailies, except.
The Sun, would fiji not less than forty:
pages. The sixty-seven columns Of adj
vertising i'll one day bring as high as g..
765. All the year round Tho, Times aver
ages about fifty columns of advertise
ments a'lay At this rate its income must
reach about e43o,ooo a year, and 1t is
from this source, that it must wholly
chiefly pay all its EXPENSES other than:
those of paper makers, composltors, and
prcss-work. out of the !e4so, 600 received
for advertisements al Of As other expenses
must be dcfrayce The clear. profit is es.
fi1natcd ut e120,o00 per annum.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1875-09-30

4 New Hampshire paper has this ac-
count of terrible suffering: Five years
ago last Writer George Malelam, a lad of
a dozen years, living in the north part of
Woolboro, went to Water village one even
Ing to skate with some boys Of that village
He got into the wafer and then walked
hbmc-a distance Of nearly two miles
his clothes freezing on him. His folks
were abcd on his arrival home and he slip
ped*9ff his wet clothes and in this wet and
chilled condition went to bed At first he
did not feel the affects of it, but after Il
short time he experienced slight lame
ness, and after while his joints began to
dislocatc and COZ ntinued until nearly: every
joint in his body was dislocatcd--his
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1875-09-30
Fall PlOWing.

Fall p]owing is a popular method Of
treating stubblc fields, yet we have known
old farmers to object to il, arguing that so
much exposure of the soil to the sun and
drying winds caused a large part of the
fertility to escape therefrom. The satura-
ted and dry condition of the soil being
alternatcd rapidly from too much expo
sure to the heat of the sun and drying
winds hastcns the decomposition Of the
| organic matter or manures in the soil and
converts the vegetable mold into gases,
| the only form Of nourishment fit for plant
food, so rapidly and III such abundance
that the soil IS unable to contain it all.
This surplus fertility passes into the at
mosphcrc to remain until carried down
again by rams to enrich other farms.
However true this argument may be,
there are other claims in favor Of the fall
plowing sufficiently valid to more than
ovcrbalance all the objections to it, If the
work be properly done. There is much
to be gained by early blowing, before the
weed seeds have time to mature their
germs of perpetual annoyance to the vigi-
liant farmer. In this way both the pcrcn-
nial and annual varieties may be cfftctual-
ly cradicated. Fall plowing destroys the
hiding places of noxious insects, which
feed upon the growing crops, and puts the
rubbish in shape to be converted into ma.
nurc, which upon spring plowlng remains
in q raw state, to fire the crops, and
causes no little damage during very dry
seasons.
The ground also becomes thoroughly
disintegratcd and settled by the freezing
process of winter, which put it in better
condition to receive and promote the
growth of spring crops than frcshly-plow.
ed land. 1t especially admits OF carly
sowing OF small grain, without which a
good yield is seldom produced. And to
have the important work of plowing al
ready done when the rush Of work comes
in backward spring is no small dcsidcr-
atum. The dryer and lumpier the ground
is when plowed the less liable it Is to be-
come run together and "baked'' from
heavy rains during fall and winter. Speak
ing Of this puts us in mind to call atten-
ton to the Importance of laying off the
lands for blowing in such manner that
the surtace-drainagc will be most perfect,
so that the fields will he relieved as far as
possible of the surface water. Only he
who observes all these rules can claim
the title of''mudel farmer r'-Westcrn Ru.
r.E