The Weston Democrat. [volume] (Weston, W. Va.) 1875-current, 1875-12-06
FARM, GARDEN AND HOUSEHOLD.



gard TO construction Of brick.kiln for
burning charcoal, tho mode Of using,
etc., that We may estimate the expenses
OF baildiDg aud using.
Reply.-Thc kilns used by charcoal
burners are Of two kinds, oblong, with
an archcd roof, and round and conical
like an old fashioned straw beehive,
Tho former is generally built 10 hold
eighty cords Of wood, or, thirty.two feet
long, sixteen feet wide, md twenty feet
high. The walls arr n brick and half
thick, aud arc carried up to u height Of
sixteen feet before the arch is sprung.
10 resist the thrust Of the arch, rs well
MS the pressure Of the gas which accu.
mulatcs during the cooling Of the wood,
the skin Is strengthened with n series of
timber posts set in the ground about
Tour to six feet apart on each side, and
mo which, ct the top, nrc moTtiscl
cross beams that reach from post TO post
above the arch. At each Cud there aro
iron doors fitting tightly in m iron frame,
and other doors twelve feet up, bywhich
the top Of the kiln is filed. II is con.
venient to have the kilus built nj tho
foot Of bank, 20 that gangway eau be
made from the bank to tho upper doors,
npon which the wood can be wheeled in
with whcclhrrows. At tho bottom of
the wall mir holes are made by leaving
out brick here and there. Each OF
these Is easily closed by putting in a
brick aud pIastcring over II with clay.
II requires nearly one month to fill,
burn, ana empty one Of these large kilns,
tho product being about fSur thousand
bushels OF coal. The latter kind OF kiln
Is usually made to hold forty cords OF
wood, which require it to be twenty.iour
feet in diameter aud twenty feet high.
The walls are usually enc brick in
thickness, aud are strengthened by one
or two bands Of iron, placed where the
walls begin to narrow in, aud lust below
That point. These bands are made so
that their ends can be drawn together
tightly by mcansof scrOw-bolts audnuts,
and thus bind the patchwork together
solidly. There are two iron doors and
frnmcs, one on the ground, and one near
the top, for filling in tho wood. The
top OF tho arch consists Of cast-irun
plate, held in its plicG bybolts or straps
built into the wall. Ono of these kilns
may be coalGd in sixteen to twenty DAYS
or less, and will produce about !, 800 TO
2,lOO bushels OF coal. Air holes arc
made rs before mentioned. The kilns
nro filed with four.fOot c0rd.wood,
and arc as tightly packed us possible,
every vacant space being filed with
short small wood cut purposely. The
kiln is fired by means Of light wood or
half.coated brands laid from tho mir
holes TO the center when tho fire is do.
ing well, the air holes arc managed pre-.
cisely rs in burning coal in pits. When
tho wood is properly coaled, every crack
in the doors and walls Of the kiln is
closely plastered with soft clay well
tempered, until the fire is out. 4 sun.
ply OF water should he kept on hand,
lest on opening the kiln the fire be not
complete smothered and should kindlc
again. In this case, il the fire cannot
DO qucnched with water on the instant,
tho kiln should be closed. ANY coal
burner who can manage pits can manage
kilns il they are well built. Such kilns
as are here described cost from $500 TO
$500, and the cost Of coaling the wood
is reduccd One-hHlt by their use.
Household IIInIs.
Half pound Of bonx, finely pulvcr.
lied and scattered around where cock.
reaches frequent, will clear IN infested
house thoroughly. Ono advantage OF
this application is the harmless nature Of
the borax.
Various experiments made in France
on the best method Of preserving eggs
show that the best, and at tue same time
one Of the simplest, consists In rubbing
some vegetable oil Qinseed especially
on the eggs.
Potatoes are adapted to be eaton with
lean meat-tho starchy potatoes furnish
ing the iattening aud heating elements
which lean meat lacks, while the lean
meat supplies the bone and muscle.mak.
ing elements not afforded by potato or
fine flour bread. Fat meat affords heat.
ing and fatteniug element, like potato,
butin form lessCasily digcsted by most
persons,
Grease or paint spots in clothes arc
easily removed by oil Of turpentinc, or q
hot iron pressed on the place over coarse
brown paper, after scmping all that can
be got OF with n blunt knife. Stains
may be removed from light colOrcd
clothes. such US drabs, bluffs, or whites,
with fullers earth, but this Is apt to take
tho color out Of dark cloths. II should
he dissolved in a little boiling water, pu,
on the spot when hot, held 70 the fire 10
dry, and then brushed ont. Pitch is ~.
moved, first, by rubbing the place over
with grease or oil, and then taking out
the oil by the application Of spirits Of
turpCntinc.
Ab0Ht IIuIIrr Packages.
A correspondent, writing from Guern,
soy county, Ohio, to the american
Patron, says: The business agent for
this grange has on hand number OF
tin and glass buckets, which will hold
eight pounds each, this being the
amount usually purchased by consumers
ut one time. The buckets arc placed in
boxes, with ice packed around them, Sc
that the butter is kept perfectly cool
while being transported. After the but,
ter has been consumed, tho buckets art
returned free, We have purchased, dur,
ing the season, several packages Of but.
ter from commission houses; it was
picked in wooden buckets, with closely
fitting covers. This butter seemed al
right when examined by the fryer, but
when we used il, We found That Il WI,