New-York tribune., 1875-02-26
WORK OF EXPLORERS.
ADDITIONS TO GEOGRAPHICAL, KNOWLEDGE
In THE PAST YEAR.


T1R ANNUAL ADDRESS OF CiiIEF-JUsrIcE DAILY BE-
FORE THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
ACHIEVEMENTS IN EXPLORATION AND GEoGRAPH-
ICAL SCIENCE IN ALL QUARIBRS OF THE WORLD
Notwithstanding the inclement weather
large audience last evening at the Hall OF the
New York Historical Society, at SecondaVe and EeV-
enthst., to hear ChefJustice Days annual auTess
before the American Geographical Society In the auu
ence were Peor Cooper, DIR. L. Hayes, Gen. g. w. Gull
lum the Rev. N. Bjerring William Remsen, T. A. Stout
Dr. A. K Gardner A. l.. RawsOn, Prof. Harrison, Isaac
Bernheimer DIR. T. r. STRANGELY. George CABOT Ward
Eliot +. Hall, and Col Scott. Col f. A. ConkIing pre-
sided score OF new members OF the Society were
elected Judge Daly's address, the subject OF which
was "The Geographical Work of the World IN 1874 was
illustrated by maps and number OF stereopeah 'ie"s
representing in the Arctic regions and the Work
of exploration there mountains. villages ana saVages
In FormOsa and other scenes Following Is an Outline
the address, which listened TO with great interest
and attention.
ADDRESS OF CHIEF-JUSTICE DAILY.
FELLOWS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY; Ine
pbysca occurrences of the past year have been uDex
ampled for many years IN their violence and destructive
effects. There have been great rainfalb In certain
parts OF the earh followed by enormous and damaging
foods the falling In certain localities OF unpreeedented
OF extreme cold during the past an pres
Winter and earthquake and volcanic disturoanees
az violent in their character injurious In their
effects AZ the like phenomena the past few years
The knowledge which Is now 80 readily ana so quic
obtained OF such occurrences over WIDE portion oi @ se
earths surface as well OF their exact character mas
gwen increased impetus to ana greatly advshGea
the science OF meteorology Predicuons OF &
years been numerous. and have been veihed h 30
many instances that may now be stated 70 De within
the power OF to anticipate these occurrences,
sSa sSsit eiEslls' eSsels' to considerable s'''A' S
"a n ipnn0
event. transit Of Venus the observations OF wmcn
though designed chiefly for Astronomical purposes arr
also OF geographical interest," they arc made 10 sce
tain the distance of the earth In respect
to observation having relation to the eartn gehera
that the earth Is slowly gradually shrinking at the
equator, and being cOrrespondngy thrust OUT to"au
canic action the chief seat OF which disturbances lies
within belt bounded by the 20h parallel on either slde
age of exploration around the world have pre-
yiously given account, has been. during the early
pas' ISs ero.sea q, last February and after visiting
and exaninn many islands, she has during the resuo
OF the year, been exploring in the Eastern seas ahu o
MALAY Archipelago, with most satisfactory results Dr.
Carpenter is still earnestly advocating MS tneOry vi
oceanic circulation that there is constant now OF cod
water from the polar regions TO the equator WGo re-
dIcng the level at the poles causes an
of the warm surface OF the Atlantic 10 now 10
ward the poles the equator, thus producing hor
zonal circulation which completes Itself ana accounts
the currents aud the course the trade winds. Mr.
Cro, the other hand, maintains that an tne h
surface waters produced by the action OF the winds
upon the surface connection with the motion Oh JUG
earth Capt Schling or the Russian Navy, considers
that both and currents are subject TO
general laws and disturbed by common causes wnch
he says the variation in the wesnt Oh tne water
and the atmosphere the revolution Of the earth upon
its AXIS and the attraction of the sun and moon.
or the geographical work Of the world during the year
snaI begin with that OF our own country. That most
mportaut work, the Coast Survey mas been cOatlhueu
The abors OF the Engineer Corps during the past year
m two bulky volumes, comprising the report Of its dis
tinguished chief, Gen. A. A. Humphrey me geographi
rivers the survey transportation routes TO the sea-
board the survey OF the mouths OF the MISSISSIPPI RIVER
with view OF obtaining suhcent depth OF water or
the construction Of shp canal from the river 10 tne
Gulf OF Mexico deepening It's natural outlets 10 Tue
mattop Of the aUvia basin Of the Mississippi River now
subject inundaoD the continuation OF the survey or
northern and north western lakes surveys ior mill
try maps; surveys the irrigation OF some OF the
great valleys California; geological reconnaissance
in parts Of Western Nevada and adjacent California,
and geographical explorations III tne great west oy tno
various expeditions under Lieut.. q. NJ wheeler, MAJOR
j. w. Barlow Capt. w. A. Jones, Lieut. T. IL Ruuner,
Commander G. f. Belknap, charged with ascertaining
practicable route for telegraph cable between japan
ngs part OF tho Pacific Ocean wnc are OF tne
Pucfc and the powerful action OF submarine currents
The soundngs0 the Tucarora have been continued by
Commander Er0en to ascertain the sudOieness OF the
ocean bottom a telegraph cable from San Francisco
to Honolulu, IN the Hawaiian Islands, and the result Is
almost unyarying soft, Oozy bottom As the Society
took very actiVe part IN. IN urging @ tne
taen who thought We were paying a very
large for useless territory, It IS gratifying 10 be
able to the income now derived by the Gov
ernment this territory, after the payment OF all
expenses than that from other territory
aud Will IN 30 extngush the debt What has been
done explorations ship canal across the ishmus
was SO fully laid before the Society by Lieut. Collins last
Spring only necessary for to state that he
has eone out Winter for o fourth and final explora
ton the route by the AtratO and that Lieut. LI has
also gone for the examination OF what Is known as tho
Garella route.
The Arctic event of the year has been tho of
the officers and Of the Tegethof OF the Austrian
pedion and the important discoveries made by them.
The peculiar geographical circumstance In this exped
tOn Is that other attempts to reach the poe where
vessels been caught the Ice and drfted the drift
has usually been 10 tue southwark but in this the
the CONCLUSION that the Gulf Stream is prolonged
in this direction eastward OF the New-Si0eria
Islands, and meets the warm japanese current. and
that currents thus united lave the shores
Arctic Continent To render the existence OF
further than this his theory which was that these
TWO currents met at the pole, and produced there
by the warmth and mingling OF their waters, open
polar sea.
la Europe the Governmental surveys heretofore
menced have been continued, and the long projected
measurement OF or the meridian begun last
Autumn. That the remains or the ancient city I'M
tested Those who dispute It, however, are scholars
who have examined the locality. The recent
cavatious IN POmpeii show that what has been
vealed after the course Of so many years. Is after all
only small part OF the city, and extension adds
objects. aud some OF the deepest interest The
that going on In Rome bringing
light numerous quantities OF objects. especially the
Esqune, relating TO nearly everything connected with
botn the public and private life OF the Romans An
ancient Egyptian medical treatise has been discovered
by Prof. Eoers OF Lepsic, which was written 1000
years before Christ. II is u handbook Of Egyptian
drugs mentioned in 1t shows, that at that
period, Egypt had extensive commercial rea-
then an Interchange Of thought aud knowledge.
discovery Bharahut aud Cambodia OF the stately
ruins OF fOrner civilizations oyergrown by and buried
in Jungle brings mind the difficulties civilization has
struggle with IN India from the rapid growth OF
tation Lieut.. COnder X b., has made important dis
OF ruins In the hill country Of JUDAH which he
thinks he identify with some of the lost Biblical
cities Henry Maudsley has also made recent dis
coveries upon Mount Zion
Iieut Cameron, the commander Of the Livingstone