davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

The election held in Wheeling ON
Monday to ratify the issue of bonds
to erect a public building resulted in
the success of the scheme, there be-
ing ,S13 votes for ratification, and
only $40 for rejection.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

A Martinsburg woman was asked
if she ever seen the Natural Bridge
at Cedar Creek. She was never
known to confess ignorance, SO this
was her reply: ''Lau mel / reckon
| did. / was there when they was
building it,
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10
SATURDAY. April 10. 1875.

The iron water pipe on the Win
chester and the Williamsport pixies,
has bursted and the road bed has
been torn up to repair it.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

CoAfPLIMENTARY.-We print this
morning a letter complimentary to
the INDEPENDENT. We have, since
the commencement of its publication,
received many kindly words of en-
couragement, but this, coming as it
does from lady of high culture and
refinement, and one whose graceful
and ready pen has frequeetly contrib
uted to the entertainment and in
Struction of its readers, is Il tribute
TO be proud of. When the INDEPEN-
DENT wins commentator from one
so thoroughly capable to sit in
Judgment, we feel that our labors to
make it an interesting and welcome
family paper have not been entirely
vain.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

although flowers are the principal
trimming for hats this season, it will
be well to stick ON any portable arti-
Gle that happens to be lying around
loose.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

The Rawley Springs Company have
subscribed $25, 900 to the capital stock
of the Shenandoah Valley and Ohio
Railroad, upon condition that Harri-
sonburg, Va, be made point on the
road.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

E. c. Williams, Jr., druggist, has
on hand several cases of Congress was
ter, and we have no doubt many of
our citizens viii be glad to find this
valuable natural medicinal water in
town
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

The Martinsburg circulation of
the INDEPENDENT will prove to be
larger than the entire town and coun-
ty subscription of any competitor
How is that for high after the as
sertion that the INDEPENDENT did
not have 2S5 subscribers in the com-
ty.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

AN OLD LANDMARK GONE.-The
old building on the corner of the pub
lie square, opposite the Court House,
owned by the Shaffer Bros, and now
in course Of demolition, is one Of the
oldest buildings in the town. 1t was
erected in Colonial times when the
reign of King George Iii of England
extended over the colonies. 1t has
withstood the mutations of over a
century, and now, although yet in Il
remarkable state of preservation,
passes away before the spirit of emit
erprise and advancement under which
Martinsburg is moving rapidly for
ward to the dignity and Importance
of a handsome city. One by one the
old citizens of the place have, like the
ripe oak in the forest, fallen and
passed away, and now the old land
marks are being rapidly obliterated.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

BE sure and call for DIR. Bulls
Cough Syrup, if you are troubled
with bad Cough or Cold. 1t will
give relief. For sale by every respec-
table Druggist. One bottle % cents.
Five bottles for Sl.00.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

The Stockholders of the Martins
burg and Reading Coal and Iron Com
pany held their first meeting
Tuesday, and elected the follow
ing Directors John S. Hill and
Charles S. Hill, of Reading, Penna.
II. b. Chess, George Wild, Adam
Small. f. A. Thrush, j. n. Wisner.
Moses 5. Grantham and Frank A.
Burr. Immediately after the adj
journment of the Stakeholder meet
ing, the Directors convened and cleo
ted the following officers, viz: John
5. Hill, President, j. N. Wisner, Vice
President, f. A. Burr, Secretary and
Moses S. Grantham, Treasurer. They
then adjourned until Thursday, the
22nd inst. We understand that con-
siderable interest is being taken in the
movement by the iron manufacturers
of Pennsylvania, and it is highly prob
able that at the next meeting of the
Directors steps will be taken to com
mence active operations. We hope
every effort will be made to induce
capitalists from abroad to seek invest
ment in this enterprise and that our
people will put their shoulders to the
wheel and endeayor to make it a sue
cess.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

w M Brown III Mckee
w G Small Il Cook
ID Knadler j M Hartman
j Siege III Couchman
A Rauth SN Welsh
III Tabler G. Wagner
JAG Miller r. N Hoffman
W.T. Snodgrass Miss Il G Barney
N Vanmetre A Lamar
j l. Couchman Jacob Siler
M Gofeen M V Small
j N Thatcher J w Walker
b 4 Boley ID Swigert
Jas III GLADDEN. Barney kilmer
w A Henshaw s Davis
j A Baker Jno Stump
Sam'l Alcr Il Faust
Il HODGE w A Smith
III w Sheelkey III G Small
j w q Hyatt w Miller
] A Small j w Brady
Jno Homrich $ Sencindiver
w Smith b + Brady
w Showers Geo Y Pitzer
j w Carbaugh Dennis GLADDEN.
J Hess Alex Horner
A Janney Jas Crowl
b Cushwa Y w B Evans
WThrockmOfton l. Tabler
Matthias Kyne Mrs { henawi h
Geo Garrett ID Hamilton
j w Kearney III Campbell
L II Shepherd Nicklas & Bro
II. K. Dixon.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1875-04-10

st. Louis now boasts 400, 900 inhab-
tants.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
THE LONDON ART JOURNAL

Each part will contain 20 quarto pages, in
cluding the heavy front.piece, on heavy plate
paper. A superb title-page, richly illumin-
ated in red and gold, will be given with the
first part, and the printing of the entire work
will be worthy representation of the "Alden
Press" which is u guarantee of something
beautiful and valuable,
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
GEMS FROM THE ALDINE,

ESPECIALLY ASSORTED FOR SCRAP
BOOK ILLUSTRATIONS AND DRAW
ING CLASS COPIES.
A large collection of pictures OF different
lies and on almost every conceivable sub
ject have been put up In an attractive envel-
ope and are now offered at price intended to
make them popular in every sense.
Envelope No. containing 80 beautiful en-
gravings) Is now ready, and will be sent, post
age paid, to any address for ONE DOLLAR.
A liberal discount to agents and teachers.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
LEAVES LOS ANGELES:

CON STEAMER DAYS."
Time of trains between Los Angeles and Will
mington will be varied so as to connect With
steamer.
Train leaving Nietos for Los Angeles at 9l5
A. M, and train leaving Los Angeles at 4-l5 p
NJ, will stop at Aohler street, Washington
street and Rubio's, for passengers only.
The time of G. Ducommun, corner Com
mercial and Main streets, has been adopted
by this company.
ap23-t-l0 E. f. HEWITT, Supt
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
NOTICE.

NLERK'S OFFICE-Board of Supervisors,
~ Los Angeles County, California.
NOTICE is hereby given that a petition has
been filed with said Board as required by Sec
tion 2729, Political Code, to build bridge over
Desechos creek on the sea coast, about five
miles south OF San Juan in Los Angeles coun-
ty, on the main stage road between San Juan
and San Diego. :. The Board will meet on
Thursday. Dec. Hth, 1874, to consider said pe-
tition, and to advertise for sealed proposals to
build said bridge. A. w. POTTS,
Dec. 9th, IVA. Clerk.
l0-ow
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07

Parts I, IT, III and ~, are now ready:
SUTTON'S
Leisure Hour Miscellany
To be completed in forty parts, issued fort
nightly. Each part will contain an elegant
front-piece, originally engraved on steel for
the London Art Journal,
II H II II Q ID u g L N @
At price within the popular reach, engrav-
inss never before offered at less than five
times the amount. These plates have been
the attraction of
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
NEW ADVERTiSEME NTS.
The AIdine Company's
new PUBLICATIONS
SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

THE ALDINE: THE ART JOURNAL OF
AMERICA.
This splendid enterprise is not only well es-
tablished in every feature, but Is being con-
stantly developed and improved. 1t to-day
stands without rival in the whole world OF
periodical literature. The beautiful dog-por-
trait, Mans Unselfish Friend" chrome
presented to every subscriber, is decided hit
and will, if possible, add to the popularity
which this work has gained. The Art Union
feature also promises great and benifcent re-
suits, in arousing public interest in the fine
arts. Circulars and full information on ap-
plication.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
DIR. NJ. S. JONES,

L1ORMERLY OF ST. LOUIS, MO-,
M4MA Il has located in Los Angeles. where
NAST$s he will give his special attention to
49, diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and
Throat.
OFFICE: Spring St, opposite Temple Block.
feb25tf-2
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
THE ALpINE PAssE-PARroUTs

In compliance with repeated requests, the
proprietors of THE ALDINE have prepared
Impressions of many of their most beautiful
plates for passe-partout framing.
The cuts are mounted on a beautifully tint
ed azure mat, with handsome red border
line To attach the glass, 1t Is only left for
the customer to paste and fold over an already
attached border, and this may be done by
child.
"a subjects, l2xl5 inches, Csc. with glass, soc.
Six of this size for 81, when selection is left to
publishers.
@ subjects, lOxl2H inches, 2Oc; with glass, 45c.
z subjects, 61a XS1a inches, l5c.; with glass; 40c.
IL subjects, AXIS inches, 5Oc.; with glass, 81.
Sent by mail, without glass, postpaid, for
price.
CanyaSserS Wanted.
THE ALDINE COMPANY,
58 Maiden Lane, New York.
decl3 -.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
At a Cost of 25 cts. a Part.
PARTS l, II and III, ARE JUST PUBLISHED
THE ART JOURNAL,

Complete in twelve monthly parts, at 81 each.
Reproducing the best full-page illustra-
tions from the earlier volumes
of THE ALDINE.
Each monthly part will contain six superb
plates, with accompanying descriptive matter,
and whether for binding or framing, will be
entirely beyond competition In price or artis-
tic character Every impression will be most
carefully taken on the finest toned paper and
no pains will be spared to make this the
richest production of a press which has won
in a marvelously short time, worldwide
reputation.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
Scrap-BOOkS.

A splendid assortment of SCRAP-BOOKS
have been expressly prepared for the holiday
season and no present OF more permanent in
terest can be selected for gentleman or lady,
old or young.
No. l-Halfbound, cloth sides, gilt-back,
250pp., l2xl6 inches..................S So 90
No. 2-Half-bound, cloth sides, gilt-back,
50Opp., l2xl6 inches .:...... ..... Oh
No. 3-Full morocco, beveled boards gait
and antique, very rich, 500 pp.... IL 90
Iettered to order in gold at % cts. per line.
Sent by mail postpaid on receipt OF the price.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
DRS. CHASE & LYONS,

lSURGEONsA AND DPRACTITIoNERs Ohio
- meopathy. Office, rooms 1, ? and 3 in Per-
ry & Riley's new building. Office hours, from
to ii A. NJ, to and 10 8 Z. M.
RE Special attention given to diseases OF
women and children. oc9tf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
X. =. WISE. M. D.,

GRADUATE OF JEFFERSON
VI Medical College, Philadelphia. Office
in Ian Franco Building, Main street. Office
hours, from to l0H A. M, and from ~ to B
p. NJ.
Obstetrics & Diseases OF Women a Specially.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
SAM'L w. BROOKE, M. D. +,
Physician, Surgeon and 0bstetrician.

OFFICE-In Lanfranco's Building. Main St.
Office hours-S to 10 A. NJ, 2 to and toS NJ.
Residence No. $40 Main street. dZ9tf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
Or. L. Dexter Lyford,

DHYSICIAN AND SURhEON = OFFICE,
Il No. IL, Downey Block, Los Angeles,
California. Office hours-9 to ii a. NJ; to 8
and I to 8 p. NJ. ap23-tf-2
Los Angeles daily herald., 1875-01-07
Notice of Dissolution Of Partnership.

TIME Real Estate business heretofore exist
i ing between Chamberlin d Bancroft is
hereby dissolved by mutual consent. G. A.
Bancroft assumes all debts owed by the lite
firm, and will collect all dues.
G. f. CHAMBERLIN.
declO-lm g. A. BANCROFT.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-05-05

About two years ago the Eagle line or steam
snps was ushered into exlstence under auspices
wnicn Dade fair to bring fortunes 10 the merchants
who established It The steamers were or the
most approved models; a magnificent dock was
built at HOooken az cost or se0o,o00 ana the
whole stock OF the company was valued AZ
$l6,OoO,oOO. Many poor people in Germany were
induced 70 invest all their properly in the
concern, and II Is SAID that Prince Bs-
marck indirectly specuated IN IT, the ves-
SEES pied between Hamburg and Hobo
ken, Gaining az Plymouth and CherDourg
each way. Yesterday the Iesslng the last steamer
81 the line, sailed from the H0boken dock, aud the
uock, with all the eompany's property, mas been
OHered Tor sale. The steamers are 10 be placed
under tile manner N Germany, and the Hamburg
steamship Company + % buy them Tor service On
thAt route. II - SAID that many people nave been
ruined ~ ths unexpected failure Of the Eagle
Line Company. Hereafter the vessels ol she nne
Will land at the Hamburg pier. the commercial
results OF the panic ana lack OF foresight on tho
part OF the managers arc alleged " DC the cause
| vi the dissolution Of tue company,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-05-05
NEW YORK HERALD WEDNESDAY MAY s. l875-TRIPLE SHEET

80 al22K; do. do., do. coupon, I23 1894; DO.
ten-iortes registered 1867 1905 do. do coupon,
l17h a ll7H 90. DO hyes, 1891. registered,
1864 a ll5H 10. do, DO, coupon li5a lle.
THE UNITED STATES TREASURY.
washington advlces report the following balances
in the Treasury
Currency. 81 500; special deposit OF legal
tenders for the redemption OF certificates OF de-
posit s4s 100000; COIN s90,5l5,ll6, including coin
certificates, So, 4sS 3oo outstanding legal tenders
s37s, o5l, 700
the receipts from internal revenue collections
to-day were s439,2o The customs receipts we're
s509, 53s. The national bank notes received tor
redemption to-day amounted to 100000.
The Assistant Treasurer paid out S35s. 900 on ac-
count OF interest and s50looo In redemption OF
nye-twenty bonds.
PRODUCE EXPORTS.
The exports OF produce for the week ending to-
day were s4,o6is37, against s5'5o,sS7 for tine cor
responding week In 1874 ana s7,5ls,07s in 1879
The total exports since January l this year were
$751; 1885, 344 against soese5 SIS for the correspond
ing period In 1874 and se46 s25 in 1878.
THE FOREIGN MARKET.
Gable advlces from London report consols strong
and United States government bonds fraction
higher. The Bank OF England to-day gained
cas- 600 bullion on balance; the outside rate for
prime three months discount is 3 u per cent. The
following the last reports :: Consols for money,
946; do, Tor account, 943S; old '65 bonds, 1857 |;
,67 bonds lo9'6 ten-forty bonds, l0416; new loan
1929; Erie, 269{ 81. Money in the open market
was easy at 8 per cent, which is Il below the
Bank rate. In Frankfort 1ve-tweny bonds OF 1862
are 90; do. 1854, 1927. Rentes In Paris advanced
TO e4f soc.
RAILROAD BONDS
were moderately active New Jersey Central con-
vertble declined to 1927, do. consolidated being
steady at 1867. Michigan Southern sinking fund
declined per cent, selling at LOG. Fort Wayne
second brought l07 Central Pacific bonds closed
at 103h a 1887 and Union Paciacs at 101h 1919
for FIRST 972l 90 for land grants and o3H a 931
for sinking funds. We notice advance OF
per cent in Delaware Lackawanna and Western
second, q in North Missouri first, u In Morris
and Essex seconds, q in San Joaquins, in
Northwestern consol gold sevens ana O., e., @. and
!. first. South Pacific of Missouri bonds were down
/ per cent and c., @. and |. Z. first u.
BANK SHARES.
Bank shares sold at 1870 for Gallatin National,
esH for Fourth National and % Tor Hanover. The
following were the latest bids:-Amerlcan Ex-
change. n6; Chemical LEGO; City, 800; Com
merce, 119A; Continental, 90; Corn Exchange, 100;
First National, 200; Fourth National, ON; Fulton,
1866; Gallatin National, 1904; German-American,
"a; Grocers 90; Importers and Traders, 2ooH
Irving 13o Market, 12l; Mechanics, las; Mechan-
les and Traders. 1876; Merchants Exchange, 1887;
Metropolitan, 1853; Nassau, 1o4; New York, 1873;
North America, 1908; Park, 80; Peoples, l4o;
Phoenix, 97 Republic, 9eA State OF New York.
49, Union, 1876.
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE SAL ES
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-05-05
HAVANA MARKETS.

HAvANA May l. 1879
Foreign favorable stock has been
Withdrawn holders anticipating higher rates stock in
hhjs Exported during tn week 5000 boxes ana 1900
states 10 to ~ Dutch standard l6 1884 reals per
arrobe; Nos 10 70 70 do z, y a = reals;
Muscovado sugar interior TO common IN a IS
reals; fair 10 GOOD . refining. 1875 "a reals;
per cwt Butler $50 per a1lnta TOR superior American
$50 per quinta tor Goshen Flour So So DBL for
2Tias ans oos I'll O.; per- 6 a as@
sTrobs e. whtc e sal per arroSe onsy
reals per gallon. Empty hossheads 3 30 So Lumber
per NJ Shocks quiet box roals sugar hog sheads 50
SO reals noasses nogsheads 80 40 reals Hoops, long
ports the north coast OF Cuba for the United states
$lasl g per box q sugar. loading az Hayan. Tor the
hid Of moasses from ports on the north coast for the
United States s. per hid. OF sugar, So hid. Of
ing at Havana; AIS. 6i 5Os loading at ports on the
north coast kSchance-on the United states, short
sight currency, 90 rs premium; on London l45 I47
HAVANA May s. 1875.
Spanish gold 200 no; American, 2l7 2ls Exchange
OUT and the United States co days currency,
IS So premium short sight SO 20 premium; 60 days
on London, Iss 40 premium on Paris ITO ll2 pre-
sugar quiet steady; No IL Dutch standard,
Ss 10 reals per arrOoe in gold II ~ reals SS 1873
Spanish gold 2ls 2l4; American s2i 222 fhe quota
O Sa' s
sa of s S aayi asys so PAP
l2ls premium; Paris, a 4 discount sugar quiet,
but nrm No. II, Dutch standard, ~ N reals per
arrobe.
EUROPEAN MARKET.
LONDON PRODUCE MARKEr-LoSDoS May I-Even-
ing.-Linseed oil, Us Sd. 2ss Sd. per cwt
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-05-05
THE STEAMER CITY OF CHESTER
SAFE.

An absurd rumor was current on the street res
terday that the steamer City OF Chester OF the
Inman line, that left this port on Saturday last,
was lost The vessel carried a large number q
passengers, and Of course great excitement pre-
vailed when the rumor began 70 gain ground. A
HERALD reporter called later in the afternoon At
tue ONCE or the company, and there learned that
no acCident whatever had happened 20 the vessel
The managers nad heard the rumor. hut gave no
credence TO NJ and had she nave met with any 40.
cIdent, or been lost. they certainly would hava
been apprised OF the fact.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-05-05
CHARLEsTox. May I. 1874
NC. Net receipts. 27e bales.

cHAELEsroS MayA 1874
S0lesgvl stock, laSCO. -
Spirits turpcntine dun At Sic. Rosin steady al 81 IS
ior strained crude t9rpennns quiet = 81 3D. hard
flour !gohaneed sales i4OO eDis az 50 g FOR 10:
dq s9S .ys 15 S% hi ssis
Al as Sc. barley Scarce ana quiet Corn neaI-ss for
sSa1sei shorts 50; shipv ;taGs. :SS; pidaass 81
!s'sOo DO Do N'A' '''S'''""'A SOW 0u'"'S oA''
81 ,o 49,, BUFFALO, May 4 Is7a
corn $500 do oats 1900 40 shiPmsnts-FIour, 500
DO flour IL GOOD God demani and rn Of ZOO 6bis
p?r e " o ~ II oE or yc 4 Gr d oa
ea Saeat IN iar demand ana Tmy aeid aes e
weHkes AZ 81 2s 700 DO 80 Mwagsss A. s. ls; cars
white Mehissu privately Corn dul ana scarce sales
none mere Barley only one car here sold 81 80 on
9S s. SSsa md sSSa
glover 50 ga 80 tor large clover Pork arm at SIS
TOLEDO. May 1875.
sNR ldn lower; Ne; white %aSs.h 81 81 30 White
?san June q 81 fm fsy M & a cash 4 snd 81 y
No anger ILLINOIS, 81, Corn dalt ami declining high
Us active Ss and aP sisSs suy sc ao
Wits o ashe s;A eonn S do CATS Sss
1000 do sh6ments-wheat 6OOo bushels corn, 900
p'onr nom.ns u.,,. so,,.w. CMIcAqSS May 4 1873
%ana weak Iower No spring 81 CO. No. 90 Irssh
Jaw dn Is sOG Te.SeG 9 Sa sSas q co s
Mavi 7ec. bid June; 7sc bud July. reeced 7lS3c; a
bid June, Rye quiet and uncianged Rarey-De-
mand light, holders 1rn spring 81 80 a 81 70
Pork in lair demand aud lower ~ s2 SO s2i 60 spot;
SCI Is June So July Lard dull anddrooping at SIS 80
steady. whskey dutet and unchanged. At the after.
noon call OF the board wheat active, NJ 81 06ss June.
Corn declining at die cash or Mays 75sSc June rae
July Oats unchanged PORK higher, ut 81 80 June
$40 rs JULY S22 40 August Lard firm 1890, July.
Receipts-flopr, 200 Ibis wheat i2soO0 bushels
500 90. Shipments-Flour. 9obo bblS wheat 10000
hals Ia 900 harley GOD
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-05-05
DOMESTIC MARKETS.

GAtvrsrov. MAY A. 1878
Cotton dun and nominal, middn0 lditc. Net receipts
2f6 bales; gross, zoX Expoftsfo Great BRITAIN i2g
coastwise. III Sales, LIS stock, 4t,G0a
NEw ORLEANS May 4. 1875
Cotton dull and easier middhng l5ssc: low midaiin
49, &C. good ordinary, Hiic Net receipts. ,fs hae-
gross sp7i Exports TO Great Britain, S52J Sales 75l
stock, i2i,f5L
MONTE. MAY 4 1871
Cotton weak; mlddhng. l5'Sc low mil lnng 1870 :
good ordinary. itssc Nct receipts t9- bates Exports
c0astwise, igJ sales. lVJ stock, 2154l
SAVANNAH, May 4 1875.
Cotton quiet mIdding Use set receipts 25s bales.
Sales bf1 stock, 3l.oil. the 1850 bales reported ~
Cnnnne Yesterday should have been cork Tor orders
aud included Ia exports v Great Britain.