davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08
A Ramble among the Merchant Prmcss
Of Cheyenne
From Satrday's E,Iiiion.U


CONTINJEp.
We next went among the groCCrs
10 ascertain their views Of the pros
poets Of trade and Of Cheyenne.
Called first at thn store Of
l.. NAGLE,
on tho southwest corner " Seven
teenth and Ferguson streets. The
building he occupies is n two story
hre-proof brick, with an iron front
24xSi feet, with a cOmmOdiOus cellar
underneath the whole building. The
Territorial Library occupies the
greater part of the second story. The
lower story and the cellar and part
Of the upper story are occupied by
Mr.. Maggie in his business. He has
been in business in Cheyenne for the
past seven years (; erected this build
ing in 1872 at n cost of $4,000, and also
built q fire brick residence on Seven
teeuth street the past season Mt Il cost
of $1,000. Meeting the proprietor, we
said:
"Mr. Maggie, if you have no ohjcc-
tion, would like to ascsYEatm the
amount of your sales during the past
year."
"About 100000
"How was your trade compared
with the previous year?
"Sales in the aggregate exceed
sales of 1873, but with a smaller per
centage Of profit. Business expenses
about the same"
What are the prospects of trade
for the present year generally, in
Cheyenne"
HGood."
About what amount of stock did
you carry on an average during the
year."
"Ten thousand dollars"
"Hss your business included
wholesale as well rs retail dealing
during the past year"
at has. The increase in my bust
ness being principally in whoiscsaIe.'
Estate particularly the kinds of
business you carry on at your c5-
Establishments"
Deal in groceries, provisions,
-four, grain, green and dried fruits,
liquors, tObacCOs and cigars.
The next place visited was III
large, elegant new store of
PEAsE 4 TAYLOR,
I'm I~Irurr=rr CIr11F TI,;. G..
which has been engaged in business
here for years past, erected,
last season, q two story, fire proof
brick, 2sI96 feet, with a ten foot
cellar underneath the whole build
ing, at a cost of $4,000. The door
columns, caps, sills, window caps and
stills, and corner trimmings are of
polished ManitOu marble, and make
an elegant and attractive front. The
interior of the establishment is fin
ished up in fine style. The shelving
and grocery bins are very hand
somely grained in imitation of oak,
with walnut mouldings, and the
lettering on all the bins and drawers
Is in black and gilt letters. We
found the proprietors in and the
following colloquy took place:
About what was the amount of
your sales during 1912"
About one hundred thousand
dollars"
How did it compare with the
sales OF the previous year? ?"
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08
l. c. W UIPPLE.

100 bCClI CIlEdEDtl
in the grocery, provision and grain
trad" in Cheyenne since the Spring
of 1865. His place Of business was
on Seventeenth Street, between Fer
guson and Eddy, and was DESTROYED
by fire, together with his entire
stock, on the night of the 2nd of July
last, upon which their was no insu-
rance, entailing a loss on him OF
about 10000. Courageously meet
ing the atfiiction, he at once set to
work ard erected a splendid building
2SN96 feet, with an eight foot stone
cellar of the same dimensions under
meath. The front is similar in de-
scription to that of Pease & Taylor.
The upper story will be mainly oc-
cupied by roomy and well-lighted
offices, that will be reached by the
stairway from Ferguson Street, be-
tween it and the store of Pease &
TayIor's. The interior of the store
is warmed by a hot-uir furnace in he
cellar. The shelves, counters. bins
n drawers are handsomely grained
in imitation of maple and walnut:
the doors and the wood work about
the doors inside are grained in irnita-
ton Of box wood. AT the rear of
the store is a large fire-proof vault
with q large safe inside. The cost of
this building was about $4,000. We
found Mr.. Whipple at his desk and
the following interview took place:
About what was the amount of
your sales the past year,"
zone hundred thousand dollars"
"How much did they fall short of
what they would have been, if there
had been no disturbance in your bus
mess by the fire of last July?"
About twenty thousand dollars.n
about whot was the average
amount of stock carried by you pre-
viOus to the fire."
"From ten to twelve thousand dol
lars"
"How did your sales in 1874 COM
pare with similar months in 1873 and
1922"
"a gradual increase"
What r the prospects of the
grocery and provision trade for the
present year in Cheyenne?"
Good, with good prospects for an
increase in all branches of business
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08

All Job Work in our line done on short notice
at reasonable rates and warranted to give salts
sg- Orders from tho country promptly at
tended to.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08

New York Factory Cheese, Dupee's and Davis
Celebrated Hams, Breakfast Bacon and
Dried Beef, Jellies, Meat, Sauces,
Chocolate, Cocoa, Sage,
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08


An increase Of about ten thou
sand suIlars."
About whss was the average
amount Of stock carried by you dur.
ing the past ycar?'
From ten to fifteen thousand
dollars"
What are the prospects Of the
grocery and provision trade for the
present year.
THE PROSPECTS,, in our opinion, are
good for an increase over last years
trade"
VIII you give the reasons for
believing That it viii increase over
the pas, y,ur""
"I~t. our town is steadily incrcas-
ing in population, which must in
. crease the rcRH trade.
2md. The prospects are that we
shall soon have n railroad centre
here, which will surely bring trade to
WI town
Bird. The prospects OF the speedy
erection Of n first-class hotel, which,
when completed, will entice many
strangers TO stop in Cheyenne in
place Of going to Denver or Cali
fornia, rs we certainly have rs
healthy a climate as any in the far
west. For these and many other
. reasons, we think trade must in
crease"
What are your views about the
stability and Importance Of Cheyenne
as a business centre? ?"
I'VE certainly think Cheyenne
must eventually become a business
centre, for the reason that it seems to
be the most feasible point for rail
road connections with Montana, espe-
cially so when we look at the beauti-
tui country which this road must
open up for settlement. Again, the
speedy building Of the Long mont.
Fort Collins 4 Cheyenne railroad,
and the erection OF depot and other
buildings by the. Kansas Pacific rail-
road, will help to bring business to
this point. Also, this seems to be
the most central point to ship live
stock to the cast. For these and
other reasons we think Cheyenne
must become n business centre"
What class Of goods are you now
dealing in ."
"All kinds of family and fancy
groceries, -four, feed, grain and pro-
duce. We also keep on hand cord.
wood, fence poles and posts; also
balcd and loose hay, and do a general
commission Business"
Sawyer's Photographic Gallery is
in the upper story OF Pease & TayIor's
building, and is the most perfect
establishment Of the kind in any of
tho Territories. II occupies two
rooms, embracing an area of 2Sx6O
feet, and is reached by a stairway
eight feet in width from the sidewalk
on Ferguson Street.
Next south of Pcnse & Taylor's on
Ferguson Street and adjoining, is the
tirc-proof, twO-story brick store Of
|. c. WUIPTT. f.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08
Gas, ?, BsEln \ h.,

conduct an Agency for the reception Of adj
Refreshments for American
inc most complete establishment OF the kind
IN Inc world. Fix thousand NEWSPAPER
arc kept regularly on file, open to iuSppctipn
by customers. Every Advertisements il
taken AT tie home price OF the paper. with
out any additional charge or commission.
An advertiser, in dealing with the Agency. is
saved trouble and correspondence, making
one contract instead of a dozen, a hundred,
or n thousand. 4 Book Of eighty pages.
containing lists of best papers, largt ST CiTCu-
Ialions, religious, agricultural, ClasS, puI!ti-
cal. daily ana country papers, and all
puhilcutinnS which are specially valuable To
advertisers, with some Information about
prices, Is sent FkrE to any address on
application. Persons At u distance wishing
to make ~CUntrHCfS for advertising in any
town, city. county, state or Territory of the
United states or any portion Of the Domin-
Ion Of armada, may send a concise statement
Of what they want, together with a COPY Of
the Advertisement they desire inserted.
aud will receive by return mail
which Will enable them t. decide whether
TO increase or reduce the order. For such
Information there is no charge. Dr4ers are
taken for . single paper as well as tor n list:
for a single dollar as readily rs for q larger
sum. Offices GTimes Buildingl,
|. A ?a'k Row, ny.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08
OATMEAL, CRACKED WHEAT

BUCKWHEAT, Garden Seeds, BUTT Ladies',
and Prints. Ghurns, Pals, Buckets. Goods de-
lirered free of charge within the city limits. and
everything Warranted.
Cheyenne, Wyoming.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1875-02-08
New Advertisements.

OK : COO per day at home. Terms free
pO pHU address GEO IISsnN 4 60,
Portland, Ne.
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24
From the Missouri Republican, 81. Louis.
4 Remarkable Professional Success.

Among the notable professional men of
.his country who have achieved extra
ordinary success is Dr. L. '. Pierce. of
Buffalo, y. !. The prominence which
he has attained has been reached through
strictly legitimate means. and, so far.
therefore, he deserves the cnviablc repu-
tation which he enjoys. This large
measure Of sdccess Is the result Of n
thorough and careful preparation for LIS
calling, and extensive reading during q
long and unusually large practice, which
have enabled him to gain high commen-
dation. even from his profes sional breth-
ren. Dcvoting his attention to certain
specialties of the science he has so care
fully investigated, he has been rewarded
in q remarkable degree. In these spc-
cialties, he has become recognized lead
e-. Not few of the remedies prescribed
by him have. it is said, been adopted
and prescribed by physicians in their pri-
vate practice. His pamphlets and larger
works have been received as useful con-
tribr tions to medical knowledge. He
has recently added another, and perhaps
more important work, because Of more
general application, TO the list of his
published writings. This book, entitled
1.-The Peoples Common Sense Medical
Adviser, is designed to enter into gen.
eral circulation. DR.. Pierce has received
Acknowledgements and honors from many
sources. and especially scientific degrees
from two of the first medical institutions
IN thelaud,
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24
U5kDU ARE. stc.

i. 4. OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES SIS
Have always on hand q full assortment OF
Iron and steel. Best brands OF American
Hammered and Rolled Bars, English kenned
Bars Of all sizes; Band, Hoop and Slit Iron; /;
best Norway Nailrods and Auger shapes, Cal
vanized and Black Sheet Iron, Cast, shear.
Blister German. swede. Spring, Tire. Ma,
other Hardware. Horse Shoes. Horse Shoe
Nails, Borax, Bolts. Clips, Nuts, Washers
MalIeable Castings, Wagon Boxes, Springs,
AXies. spokes, Feiloes, Shafts, Bows. &c.
carriage Canvass. Oil Carpets, Rattineft, En-
ameled Top and Dash Leather, ,I and Gs Coach s,,sn
wed Nails, Babbit Metal, Lead Spelter, Banca
Fin. Sheet Zinc, &C, &C, Smiths and other
tools, Anvils, Vices, Bellows, Sledges, Ham,
mers. Shoeing Knives, Files, Rasps, Smiths
Drills. Tire Benders, Twere Irons, stocks and
Dies, Grindstones, Cranks and Rollers, Back
Chains. &c
All Of which will be sold at very low prices,
wholessl aud retail for cash or approved
credit mar2 lS6S
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24

CHAP Booo1s AND sHoES.
SECOND ST.. DOORS WEST OF MARKET
y The undersigned respectfully informs his
friends and the public that he has on hand a
large and well selected stock of FALL AND
WINTER BOOTS, SHOES and CATERS,
suitable for Ladies, Gentlemen, Misses and
Children, which are manufactured from the
best material and made in the best manner,
and will be sold aB low as the same article can
be obtained in this or any other city. Ladies'
and gentlemen buying 6t my store will have
the advantage OF n large and varied assort
ment from which to select fashionable and
daily invited TO call and examine my stock
and learn nv exceedingly low prices. ~
ma JOHN X. HANCOCK
JAMES BRADFOhD.
PAiNIs
SARSIsHks
WINDOWGl.Ass,
CEMENT AND CALCINED PLASTER.
Pants, white lead, redlea white zinc. fro.,
ta.:t. iubricating oils, linseed oil, sperm oil,
lard oil. meats foot oil. coal Oil, Tiiden a Nep.
hew's varnishes, English varnishes, alcohol.
turpentine, paint mills, paints feady mixed.
artists' materials, wax flower materials, do.
calcomania pictures, all kinds Of foreign and
domestic glass. stained, ornamental and en- /,
graved; coach painters material, stencil col.
ORE, ladders OF different lengths, ready glazed
sash. gold leaf. bronzes, vermillions, looking
glass platter.
NOS. Q AND & EAST THIRD STREET,
WILMINGTON. DEI.
n. X. Particular attention paid TO HOUSE
AND SHIP PAINTING. SIGN WRITING,
ETC. apl-
OHS p. ALLMOND
Cor. 8th and Market s,fs etS.
DEALER IN
GROCERIES,,
TEAS,
SPICES.
&C.. &c.
C0asRR EISarH q MARxsr sSrxErA
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24
FIRST NATiONAl. HANh
or wrLMINGTON

TTT:-l NATIONAL. BASh
or wILMTNGTOA
,p'' .tlTOKY oT THE PUBLIC No>Eh5'
AID
rrs.<CI\i AGENT OF TAX UNITED
STATES.
,pvll.p pntrT|, rRLsIDxN-I.
rOas5E u. ARMSTRONG, CAsnrka
s.q< nV Cspttsi SrD."W'
.ta.aGelphia and New York Exchange fur.
iNGed - regular Depositors without charge.
i'u-coant days, Mondays snd Thursdsys. ut
:. NJ.
DIRECTORS:
t.-ncnt Il. slayth, George ". Bush.
g1el Pisev, Eli Garrett,
f.eury s. McComb. Joshua T. Head,
T~siel james, William Tatnall,
Edward Belts. marS
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24
Bowers Hoof Liniment'

After so years OF practical experience with
horses, In staging, teaming, &C, have learn
ed that more horses have been crippled Dy
tnattention to the feet than all other diseases
eombir ed After man experiments / have
found he true remedy to PREVENT the disl
ease { the hoof, or restore it after negligence ,
to WI al nature intended 1t should be-tN
11sat support ofthe noble animal. II the hoof
inflamed and diseased, the animal Is oompafN
lively worthless. This Liniment will surely
prevent this worst OF all diseases, Contractor,
Corns, Quarter, Cracks, Contraction OF the
Back Sinew generally called Knee sprung,
&C., and restore those that have been crlppsco
by the want OF such remedy.
SITry 1t, and 1t will never fail II properly
applied, viz:
Battle the horses foot once week, or orenY
or II necessary, at the heel and frog, ahu
around the hoof close to the hair.
N. c. BOYER.
rorristown, Pa
Mr. III. Z. BOYER-DsU Sir: This 70 oca
tify that have used your Liniment N ~
stable for three months past, on rlore uaI a
one hundred horses, and find IL sne pest PlT
paration have ever used on horses. ~ ~ soa a.
better than You recommend it SEND mo A'o
cases at once, by express, G. o. d..
HARRY HAMLTOn
No. ls2 West S1st street New York ChV
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24

WHAT science and the mechanic arts
have done for the worlds advance
ment in comfort may be family guessed
from the survey of a weeks work at
the manufacturing city of Birming-
ham alone. Its results are the making,
among other things, of IA, 900, 900 pens,
5000 bedsteads, 1000 gun, 500, 900, 900
cut nails, 100000, 900 buttons, 1000
saddles, 100000 copper or bronze
coins, 10000 pairs OF spectacles, six
tons of papier-msche wares, more
than 100000 worth of jewelry, 1000
miles of iron and steel wire, ten tons
of pins, five tons Of hair pins and hooks
and eyes, 1870, 900 gross of wood screws,
500 tons of nuts and screw bolts and
spikes, 80 tons of wrought iron hinges,
$50 miles length of wax for matches.
40 tons of refined metal, 40 tons of Ger
man silver, 100 dozen of tenders, $500
bellows, and 800 of brass and cop
per wares.
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24
Continued from frst page }

ne said, "because I am Oliver Perry,
the man he is charged with having
killed. have been absent purposely.
1t was not until / saw by the news
papers that he was being tried Tor
numbering me that | thought in neces'
eary to return
There was waving of hats and loud
cheers, and the judge found it itlmpossi-
bic to quiet the disorder, so he allowed
the spectators to expend their enthu-
siasm, AS far as he could do so, Oliver
Perry made amends to Perry Melville
aud Miss Hervey for the distress he
had occasioned them, and then disap'
pcared from his old haunts and went
abroad.
Ada and Percy married, but there
was one who was never entirely happy
and that was the man who carried in
his breast the secret he was afraid to
proclaim. Poor Rufus Hervey had one
besetting fault, and that was curiosity
How dearly he paid for it, he alone
could tell
The daily gazette., 1875-12-24
HOTELS.
VnEEE&SoS HOUSE.
NEW CASTLE, DELAHdRE,
JOHN W. GRAY. PROPRIETOR

VIEW CASTLE, DELAHSRE,
JOHN ". GRAY. PROPRIETOR
Ilis large and beautifully situated house
.ras been put in the very best repair for the
reception OF visitors, who will find at 1t all the
accommodations OF "a FIRST-CLASS HOTEL
II commands q fine view OF the Delaware Bay,
and is one OF the mo- pleasant and delightful
places in the State for Excursions or pic-nics.
The house is kept in the Sest style, the bal
filled with the choicest winee, liquors and
malt drinks, and table supplied WITH the sub
sionists can arrive by boat or rail. Parties
who wish to go fishing or boat riding on the
noble Delaware, can be accommodated with
suitable boats. The patronage of the public
Is respectfully solicited.
iy22 Il !. W. GHAN.
New Orleans Republican. [volume] (New Orleans, La) 1867-1878, 1875-12-26
Positively the Last Week.
TIE STOCK OF a WHOLESALE HOUSE, AT ACC.
TON.


TIE STOCK OF WHOLESALE HOUSE, AT AUC.
TON.
IMPORTANT TO THE TRADE AND PUBLIC-
oV7R SIS ,Ot0 WORTH OF FOREIGN
AND DOMESTIC DRY GOODS
AT AUCTION.
GaEAT BANKRUPT SALE OF DRY GOODS AT
THE LARGE AND SPACIOUS STORE NO. 100
CANAL STREET, BETWEEN CAMP AND ST.
CHARLES COMMENCING on TUESDAY,
NOVEMBER ., 1875
PI X. NJ. & b. }. MOSTGONERY-R.
~, y; montgomery, Auctioneer. Accommodating on
nh, LA ls!It = G0ESldEMEET OF FOREIGN AND
DOMESTIC DRY GOODS, consisting Of West of Eng.
land; French and German Broad and Narrow
woe!ea Cloths of al shades and colors: French
Hnglssh and Scotch Fancy Tweeds and Cashmere.
r fIl;i Moscow a2d Esquinaux Beavers Chin.
GSa n' vesti1zs Cloakings, etc; Also Scotch,
french and German Patsly, Cashmere Que ems.
Iana OFT oman, Lace and other fashionable and de-
sirab.a Shaws. ~
Back and Colorsd Silks, sstins Irish and LYONS
Poplnsi all WOO. Aerluos, Delanes Satssu Cloths
SSsIses' elegant imported Palds, Aipscas En- press
A very rich and rare assortment Of Lvops SILK
selvets Vslveteens and ne Plush Suitings Prints
oteacnec and unoleached Csttons from one 70
,nIee YARDS vida. large line of English and
American Blankets, Flaunele, la.iies' gentlemen's
and childrens Hosiery, Gloves ETC. together with .
very choice and well selected stock of velyats
Brussels, Administer Tapestry and Ingram Car.
pets, Eqgs, etc, from medium to finest imported
Marseil!es and Turkish Quilts and a variety of
other goods too numerous to mention,
Salea 70 continue from dav to day, until the en-
tire STOCK Ia disposed OF The whole to be sold
without reserve in lots to suit all for cash
Sales to commence daily at 10 A. NJ, P. NJ and
$50 P. VI. oc29
New Orleans Republican. [volume] (New Orleans, La) 1867-1878, 1875-12-26
MEDICAL.
r WASsERZUG, NJ. D.,
DIPLOMAS FROM POLAND AND THIS coJ
may be seen at his office,
NJ. 1873 Canal street, First Flos

When you have tried all other means
hausted the skill Of medical practitiouers'
DR.. B. WASSERZUG.
Those who have been iniuriously treatd
lei irem the painful effects of mersurys
mineral poisOns, or those who may be DE-
durable will seldom fail to obtain speedy a, ?
heht rellef by the use of the Polish remeds
CATARRH, In ALL ITS BRANCHE
scorbutic Eruptions. Blotches of the 81 Y
ated Legs, Cancers, Tumors, Skin Diseassd NJ
form, rheumatism. eciatic Gout. Billiousnessa
complaint, Asthma, Dysentery, Piles, Fits .,
Diseases, every complaint of Kidneys, Grave
most successfully treated by DIR. i. VASE
who has had practice and experience in the
stages OF diseases in his country-Polind an
To nervous sufferers, afflicted with the fol-
symptoms; Pain depression, wind In the $50
inward weakness, weight and pressure Or
eyes, dlmness of sight, body depressed MD
flsed. beating of the heart strange fears
OF daily occupation as well as of society.
Iushlng TO ne head, confusion of ileas, VIE
leeted result Ii Decline, Consumption and ID
AL Female Diseases attended to.
The action Of the Polish remedies and th ;
derived nom their use exceeds belief. No An
can convey an adequate idea Of the immedla'
marvellous changes produced by their use.
mental Ia ana physical symptoms Of decay s. PR
yousness and relaxation speedily removed
body becomes rebraced, enlivened and restore
STOPPING, trembling, timid, care worn victim
preston, languor and debility wretchedle'
dependency becomes bright, elevated and
ful. He will stand erect in the pride Of heal
move with firm, elastic step.
OFFICR HOURS-From 4. III. to lP. NJ, o.
DR.. B. wAssKRzUa.
No. 1885 Canal %
hours. W
New Orleans Republican. [volume] (New Orleans, La) 1867-1878, 1875-12-26

D'''''' o'ui No ioa t1e faFlsh oforIsaas-
RE- Nash 4 no aOPGs oN-w. / HoDGsos,
On MONDAY. January 3. Is75 Al twaTya
O'Clock ~, at the st. Charle; Auction Exchsnsee
In m basement r TStunds Of the st. Charles Hotel
and Judgment of the Hon. A. L. Tissot Judge OF
the second District Court for the parish Of Or.
matter of James W. Kennedy ct 81. vs.. aonora
hSsshedy' for partition, at public auction will be
TgGEE VALUABLE LOTS OF GROUND, with
puiialns5 hA1 1Hp"vements thereon situated in
tne SeconG u seIlGt Of this citv, in the suuars
bounded BY Canal, Customhouse Claiborne and
Derbigny streets designated as Mes A. B and @.
wnleh sdloin each other and measure % follows,
Lot No. forms the corner of Claiborne and Gus.
tomhouse streets, and measures % feet 10 inches
Customhouse street Of Il feet II inches and tS Ss
improvements consist of a one-story and attic
two-story frame back building, having four looms
Also clsterns priries, etc.
Lot No B measures 30 feet 10 inches lines front
On Sustomnouse street, by depth OF 50 feet
inches s lines; the improvements consist of a
double tenement two-story frame slate roof resi-.
aence' with two-story frame kitchen, cistern,
Lot No. measures 10 feet 4 inches lines front
on Claiborne street by depth of "a feet II inches
the improvements consist of frame slate roof
cottage one-story kitchen, sheds, privies, etc.
The above measurements are ali between paral.
now on exhibition at the place of sale, and are
formed OF lots Nos and Of square No. 40, Of the
Sssinai pan o. ths sad square, and will be sold
Terms and Cenditions-0neha half cash and the
balance ct six and twelve months, with eight per
mortgage INSURANCE and attorneys fess' Tax nsr
cent 70 b paid cash on the spot 70 bind the sale
~ ACT. Of sale before Octave de 1rmas notary, ct
the expense or purohaeeis including the taxes for
noso dsS lils Is jaa ~ ''''