davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
The Science of Wealth.

We propose, in very familiar way, to
discuss the principles which underlie all
business transactions in every civilized COM
munity. Our subject may be called the
science of economy or the science of wealth.
The old science Of political economy was for
merly understood to mean state economy,
but the wealth of the state is only the wealth
of the individual citizens, and hence, indi.
vidual economy is as truly political as state
economy.
This science is, therefore, of great prac-
teal Importance to every class OF citizens,
in every community The farmer, the me-
cbanc, the manufacturer, the tradesman, and
indeed every man who deals at all in COM
modities, or in service, should and may un.
derstand this subject. and yet we apprehend
that few subjects are less understood by the
public in general.
Our subject is naturally treated under
four divisions, viz production, consumption,
exchange and distribution. We will first
explain the meaning Of these terms.
Production does not mean, in this connec-
tion that anything is created, but only that
it is modified so as to be better adapted to
crafty human desires and subserve human
wants. Nature alone produces, in the strict
sense of this term, but art renders natures
productions available for the service of man
kind.
We will illustrate iron ore is entirely use
less in its native bed. But by certain pro-
cesses of art, it is so changed as to produce
a thousand articles of great utility and value.
The original susceptibility of all these
changes was in the native ore. Still, the
value has been produced by the changes
wrought upon it, by the agency of man.
So of everything else which has been SC
changed as better to adapt it to crafty hui
man desires.
Consumption is the opposite Of prOduc
ton. In general sense, it implies the de-
StructiOn of the quality in an object which
fits it for human use, in that form.
The grinding Of wheat destroys its it,
ness for seed, but at the same time this pro-
cess Of grinding produces -four. All con
sumption involves production. Whatever
disappears in one form reAppears in another
Our food when consumed, produces tn,
growth of the body, with increased life anc
energy. If the product is of less value thai
the utility consumed, the result is oalle'
waste. The idle display of fireworks AM
tire burning of powder to celebrate pOlit
ical, partiaan triumph, are examples of un
productive consumption. And it is ques
ton which the intelligent and industrious II
our community are earnestly discussing
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

and learn the art of trade thus early7 Is
it strange that we so often read Of theft and
forgery, and populations from government,
and embellishments from bank and railroad
corporations, when so many Of our youth are
trained in the school of seIhshness from early
childhood Whatever we desire TO have
expressed 10 the nations life must be taught
to our children both by example and pre-
cept. And what 80 important as strict in.
tegrity and benevolence, in distinction from
dishonesty and sel6shncss But these habits,
also, must be formed under faithful family
training, If they are to appear in practical
life. They are based upon the golden rule
Of Christianity, Thou shalt love thy neigh.
Dor as thyself;" and in this loving aud do.
ing for others "there is great reward" 1t
is not in receiving benefits from our fellow
men or from God that we experience the
greatest happiness, but in laboring for their
good, and in the exercise of the benevolent
spirit. And this important lesson can be
easily impressed upon the tender hearts of
children by teaching them to share their
food aud playthiDgs with each other Un-
fortunate is that mother who has only one
child to train for her country and her God /;
unfortunate indeed Is that child who has no
brothers or sisters to call forth his generous
sympathies and self dcnying-actious. He may,
on this very account, grow up "spoiled
child" through selfish indulgence. But the
child who has learned this important lesson
in carly life, may have begun a journey
across the continent, or voyage across the
ocean, to carry civilization aud Christianity
to the destitute aud needy.
Industry is essential to manhood. "The
idle brain is the devils workshop" Aud
this is not all industry rightly understood
and directed calls into exercise the benevo-
lent feelings. Children should be taught to
work voluntarily aud cheerfuly, aud for the
sake Of helping their parents and doing good
to all around them. This helpful service
may be rendered still more extensively, a,
opportunity offers, by earning money, not t
be spent for their own qualification, but t.
enable them to contribute of their own means
for the relief OF suffering humanity. Tc
forget self and love others, is God.like anC
this is very important lesson for childhood
to learn. For the want of such training
how many young men of our day are spend
ing their lives in Incidence, and wasting their
energies both of body and mind in useless oil
ruinous indulgence And how many young
women, lost to every noble sentiment anc
aim in life, spend their years in the colo
9 iormalities Of etiquette, in frivolous gossiI
among their equals, and in dressing an,
pleasure-seeking. PARENs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
Family Training, No. 8.
ing.

SelRshness sometimes degenerates into
dishonesty, which manfests itself in the lit
tie business transactions among children.
A favorite son, for instance, boasts that he
has ''got the best end of the bargain" in ex'
changing knives or pencils with his play
mates and his dotiog father smiles approx
iDgly upon his success aud marks his act OF
shrewdness as evidence of special business
talent. The boy has had the example, it
may be, of his father and of his fathers
neighbors, and has observed that over'reach-
ing is the common habit of many in society
in the transactions Of everyday life aud
why may he not practice sharpness, and be
commended for itf
If petty fraud is SO common among men,
why may not their sons iOllOwtheir example,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

whether the expenditures Of professional
horse-racing and college regattas, with their
retinue Of idlers, gamblers and thieves, do
not come under the same head.
But consumption in its proper sense, is
putting things to their final use. And up to
this point, production aud consumption imply
each other. Grain is sown, reaped, threshed,
ground into -four and baked into bread, and
at every step, production results from con-
sumption. But when the bread is eaten, il
is properly consumed. That is the end Of it
in that form. Wool is grown through the
consumption Of raising and feeding sheep,
and garments are produced through the con-
sumption Of spinning aud weaving this wool
into cloth, and cutting and sewing into form,
but il is properly consumed only when the
garment is worn out.
Under the head of exchange, distinction
should be made between barter and sale.
Merchandise exchanged for other articles Of
another kind, the traffic is called barter !;
but if the exchange is for money, it is called
sale. The articles which crafty human desires
and subserve human wants must first be pro.
duced, and as each individual can produce
but limited number, aud as all must have
the articles produced by others, ceaseless
exchange Of products must go on, tho world
over, and greatly Increasing with the ad-
vaucement Of civilization.
Distribution in this connection means an
equitable division Of the profits Of produc.
ton. To illustrate, that calico dress worn
by the frugal farmers wife, was made Of cot
ton grown on southern plantation, trans.
ported to New England market, spun ant
woven in one factory and printed in another
under dozen different processes, sold to thu
merchant in the web, to the housewife in tn,
pattern, and made up by the dressmaker,
1t has cost ten cents per yard-two dollar
completed. This pays for the raw material
freight, spinning, weaving, printing, profits il
trade aud the dressmaking, and distribution
gives each party his share of the money
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
SENSE AND NONSENSE.

a farmer having written a long article
published it in an agricultural exchange adj
vocatlng the use Of green wood, housewife
responds that if moisture makes the wood
better she still prefers to have it dry to be-
gin with, and will add the water to suit her.
self She concludes that if the farmers wife
has to burn green wood the house sometimes
gets too hot for him, aud that is the reason
why he thinks green wood makes such hot
fire.
In 1873 Prussia produced 81, 347 900
tons Of coal, of the value of GlS,000, 900.
The mines belonging to the state produced
in the produce of coal ranks next to England
and the United States.
A patent has been taken out for an in-
vention by which it is claimed that glass can
be used as building material for house.
fronts floors, or pavements, superior to mar
BILE in durability and economy. 1t can be
made plain or vareigated and its colors are
indestructible.
The blue fame from coal fire has TEN.
perature Of $500 degrees Fahrenheit (; the
flame Of hydrogen aud of oxyhydrogen $500
degrees. The temperatures Of the electric spark
is unknown but is supposed to be about o.
600 degrees Fahrenheit.
Two dollars pound is what San Fran.
cisco paid last winter for San Jose strawber'
ries.
In Paris last year a total of 1880 600
rats were killed, to which must be added
about 100000 more which eludcd capture,
so that Paris boasts of a standing army OF
something like 100000 rats. OF the
100000 killed nearly all went to the GLOW.
ers, where their skins were turned into
"prime kid"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
Mauch Chunk, Pa, August II, 1S7

vicks Floral Guide, the last number Of the year. has
been received 1t gives full description Of all the
various hardy bulbs with illustrations Of the and
mode Of culture.
'This number closes labors for the year 1876. IL
Is mainly and appropriately devoted TO the culture Of
hardy bulbs such endure the severest winters with
out injury, and furnish earliest and choicest spring
flowers. Most OF these hardy bulbs, and, indeed, all
that fewer In the early spring. like tho hyacinth, tu
lip and crocus, must be planted In the autumn but
others that flower later in the season like the lilies
and pGonies, he set out either In the autumn
snring though something Is gained by planting even
these In the fall.
In many sections Of country the winters are long
unpleasant, and Of course, tedious. For full half the
year flower, not even green leaf is found TO cheer
the long gloom. While all Is cold and sterile without,
with a little and skill, and at trihng expense
make our homes cheerful, have buds and bios
SONS and emerald leaves every day from November
until May, make own little summers, and thus rob
winter Of half Its tediousnsss We shall endeavOr to
show how this can DO dOne.n
In all past dealings with this firm have found
them prompt, Obligng and generous. All seeds and
bulbs have proved represented, and none will be
disappointed who will study and follow tho directions
laid down in this catalogue.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

miles tobacco and corn cover more than half
the land along the New York, New Haven
4 Hartford railroad. As we neareJ New
Haven, and from thence to New York, 6elds
Of cucumbers, squashes, onions, and cabbages
began to be common, aud they uniformly
seemed to be hourishiug, aud not to have
suffered so much as one would have expected
from the severe drouth Of June. The onions,
however, are probably smaller on account Of
it, aud should Judge the cabbagcs must be
decidedly so.
Massachusctts Politics.
The Massachusetts, republican state con-
vention meets next month, believe 10 the
first part Of the month though | don't recol-
lect the day. Governor CASTOR has so dis.
tiuguished himself as an honest, able man,
that the democrats will of course run him
again, and the republicans are divi'led be-
tween Talbot and Rice, who we're the lead.
ing men before the convention last year.
when Talbot got the nomination and the
license republicans gave their votes to Gas.
ton and so contributed their share to the
political earthquake Of last November. Tai
bot is pronounced prohbitionisS, aud Rice
is equally strong in favor of license, so that
whichever is nominated there is a chance for
bolt, which would mako Gaston's calling
and reelection sure. lfthere were a month or
two more to elapse before the convention,
believe Talbot would be nominated by a
good majority, as the evils of rum. which
were plenty enough under a poorly enforced
prohibition, are much worse with poorly
enforced license law. Hotels sell liquor all
day Sunday in open violation OF the laws,
in the cities, simply keeping a lookout that
no policeman is in sight when their custom
ers enter their bar sat 10 hotel an hour
last Sunday, and there were not five minutes
during the time when there we're less than
three, and from that to six or eght standing
at the bar, and they came and went as fast
as one man could serve them. Looking at a
copy of the Lowell Morning Times, see it
stated that "there we're eighteen arrests and
fines for drunkenness the last two days
The evil effects of the license law passed last
winter are felt more deeply each day, anC
prayers are offered in the churches for the
suppression Of drunkenness more generally
than usual while reform clubs are being
rapidly organized, especially in the large
cities. The license party may triumph this
fall Though it is by no means certain tina
they willy, but give them rope enough anC
they will soon hang themselves. The mo
ment the license law was passed they accepted
it us triumph of the free rum party, ant
the violations of the law have been NOR
numerous than the compliances with il
Many claimed that the reason the prohib
tory law was not better enforced was tina
it was ahead of popular opinion, so the
"went ahead backward" and passed this la,
which they thought lax enough to suit tn
public and so be enforced, and it is less rig
idly obeyed than the more strict one was.
WM ii. WHEELER.
Mauch Chunk, Pa, August Il, 1879,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
Brighton Cattle Market,
or the week ending Wednesday, Aug. 25
From the Boston journal.


At market for the current week-Cattle $3.50 sheep
and lambs j6O2 swine 65OOi number of western cattle
POO; eastern 20; northern and mich cows 3jO
Prices of beef cattle v 100 TBS, live weight-Extra
quality S775 "a 500; first quality S7OO6D75O; second
quality S631G6.s7t third quality S5.3l@6l2s poor
est grades of coarse oxen, bulls, &c. S350MD5.l2l.
Brighton hides 10 v 10 Brighton tallow &c y ID.
Country hides 6n6lc v ID country talOw jGD5lc v b.
Calf skins llG5c v hi sheep skins 3jc each lamb
skins 50lD75c EACH
The trade this week for good cattle has been quick
beeves, a few being sold high eight cents v ID
live weight. For the common and poorer grades, in
Guiding Texas cattle, of which there has been quite
large supply of late the trade has not been much diff
ferent from that of week ago, prices ranging from
3G6 10 live weight. There few cattle brought
in from Maine, some Of them being very nice beef cat
tie.
Working Oxen The supply in market this week has
been larger than that OF several weeks past there he
ing several pairs among the cattle from Maine. The
trade for working is limited, few pairs being all
the market requires for the present We quote sales Of
pair, grth feet inches, SlS2.50; pair feet
10, Sl75; one pair feet 7, $685. two pair feet 3
coarse ones, at $l60 v pair.
store Cattle-Yearlngs $l4dD20i twO-yearolds 5000
that are in fair condition are bought up by butchers
to slaughter There have been but few stores in
ket yet this
Milch Cows-Extra S55095 ordinary S25GD5O; store
cows SlSDi5 v head. Most of the offered in
ket are of a common grade. Good cows sell we'll at
fair prices
sheep and Lambs-From the west the supply was
light, all owned by butchers. From the neTth there
a good supply. Trade quick at an advance in
prices over those of one week ago.
Swine-No store pigs in market. Fat hogs, 6jGOi
prices 81 aD6ic v H.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

How CORNER" IN Com Is MANAGED.
"A, Il aud g combine their means and
credits TO make a corner in July. They
therefore quietly begin in May to buy corn
to be delivered in July. They gradually
buy all the corn in the market, and, of me-
cessity must buy all that arrives, paying for
the latter whatever is demanded. When
purchase is thus made, seller and buyer put
up a margin, either in cash, or certificate, or
deposit As soon as the corner becomes
known there is an effort made TO break it.
The settlement takes place at three o'clock,
p. m., on the last day of the month. Those
who have sold corn to the corner, and have
no corn to deliver, pay the difference between
the price at which they sold and the ruling
price at the close of business on the day
As the corner has thus purchased sometimes
five times as much corn as there is to be had =,
amounting to millions of bushels, aud the
price has advanced ten cents bushel, the
profit is enormous. AS the prices advance,
additional margins are required. Those fall
ing to put up the additional margins lose
what they have already put up. The anti
corner factions seek to so crowd sales on the
corner as 10 EXHAUST ltS Capltal ana
credits, and render it unable to buy at
the advance prices. Thus the corner is com
PEELED to send out in the country and buy
for cash all the corn in sight, to prevent
having it rushed into Chicago at the last
moment, These are exciting times Corn
at such moment may be purchased of the
corner for shipment, from 9 to 10 cents o
bushel less than it is selling for on change
for delivery during the month. Each time
there is corner, there is a crash, sometimes
Of the corner men, and at other times Of the
anti.corner men. The whole proceedings are
of such questionable honesty, that the Legs-
ature OF Illinois has declared the operation
of the corner to be felony. 1t is neverthe-
less still practieed. Corners ara attempted
in wheat oats, barley, pork, and lard, and
some of them have been quite successful in
peculiar way. Itrequires nerve, audacity
and money, or credit Recently, a bank
here went into a corner, issuing It's certificates
of deposit for margins; the corner failed
and so did the bank and the certificates have
never been paid,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

FooLING WITH A WHIRLwIND.-A farmer
who lives about five miles west of Faribaut,
MINI, named Samuel johnson, was going
along the road, the other day, when sud-
denly little whirlwiud, which described
circle apparently not more than three feet
in diameter, appeared in the road in front Of
him. 1t took up the dust pretty lively and
buzzed like swarm of bees, but Mr. John
son kept on his way directly toward it, think.
ing it had no great amount of power. In
fact, he did not think it worth his while to
step one side and let it whirl past, but kept
straight on and met it square in the road.
When they came together the whirlwind
seemed to drop everything else and took hold
Of Mr. johnson, and in less time than it takes
to tell it, Mr. johnson had lost his hat and
his shirt, and was pitched about 20 feet into
the gstter, feeling as though he had been
shocked by a battery. Mr. johnson will
never fool with whirlwind again.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

an average Of s1,6ss the males ell
$50. The purchasers we're from Canada,
Minnesota, Kentucky, Vermont and New
York. Richard Gibson, Of Canada, paid
$4,000 for Lady Mary Col WIN s. King,
of Minnesota, paid $4,000 for Lady Mary
LIST and seventh Lord of Oxford brought
$500. 1t is difficult to understand how
either short.hOrn or long-hOrn stock can com.
mand such prices.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
AT WATERFOWL.

Cattle-Lve stock trains were early at market this
week, with n moderate fair demand for cattle Very
choice cattle not numerous. The supply runs
largely into under grades Prices remain without al
teration not very active on ordinary stock C. Leavitt
20 R ID, live weight steers 10 Mr. Higgins, weighing
1886 lbs at Csc live "a steers TO j. b. Thomas average
to dress $50 Tbs each, at loo y ID d. W.. steers, to
dress $50 ID, at 9lc b. d. WI ~ steers 10 dress $50
Ms a 9lc 10 steers and heers dress 500 10 700 lbs Sic
v h, d. W, b, Dow sold two oxen, dress 800 ibs at
$50, three heifers, dress 450 TBS each, at &c " h. a. W..
Sheep aud Lambs-SeveTal hundred less sheep aud
lambs than offered last week. and prioes last noticed
fairly sustained the best lambs selling at &C and
sheep at Sc down TO 40 " ID. w. Dempsey sold ia
lam6s, average 65 MS at &c v ID. OF s4Iil y head j.
COwen sold 43 h9ad, average 50 Tbs, at 80 v head.
POultry-Lttle variation In prices on poultry sup
ply amounted 10 two tons Chickens and turkeys at
l56DlOc ID : fowl l2l6Dl4c v ID.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

A DETROIT MANS JOKE.-lle did not look
like joker. One to sit and study his face
would have said that his soul was so lost 10
melancholy that he didn't care two cents
whether the sun set at noon or stayed up un.
til seven o'clock. Ill entered the ladies' sit.
tng-room at the Central depot walked up
to a woman whose husband had left the room
about ten minutes previously and calmly in-
qured
MADAM, your husband went out to see
the river, didn't he?"
"Yes-why2" she asked, turning pale in
an instant.
"He was tall man, wasn't he ?"
"He was" she replied rising up and
turning still paler.
"Had red hair"
''He had-oh what has happened ~
"Weighed about $50 pounds?"
"Yes-yes-where is he--where is my
husband ?" she exclaimed.
"Couldnt swim, could he2"
"He's drowned my husbands drowned !"
she walled.
Had silver watch chain !" continued
the stranger.
"Where is my husband-where is the
body ?" she gasped,
"Do not get excited, madam, Did your
husband have GU gray suit ?"
"Yes-Oh my Thomas my Thomas !"
Sand stoga boots p
LET me see him-let me see him she
cried |"
"Come this way madam, but do not get
excited. There, is that your husband across
the street at that peanut stand2"
"Why, yes, that's him that's my hus.
band !" she exclaimed, jOyfully. u thought
you said he was drowned"
"No, madam, did not. saw him buy
ing peanuts, and ! believe it my duty to say
to you that peanuts are not healthy at this
season Of the year !"
He slid softly out, and she stood there
and chewed her parasOl, and stared after
him as if he was menagerie on wheels.
Detroit Free Press.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

1.-The farm owned by Martin L. Schaefer,"
says the Schoharic Union, "has never been
sold. A Schaefer settled on it when this
valley was first settled, 10 1909, and Sc
cured his title direct from the Indians, and
since then it has been handed down from
father to son"