davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

IT WILL BE SEEN by reference to the
proper column that President Joseph Will
lisms, of the Board of Fire Commissioners,
has resigned bis position as fire commits
siener, and that his resignation has been
promptly accepted by the District Commis
sioners. This is as it should be. As we
have before remarked, the people of this
District could not afford to retain in office
a commissioner who cherishes the senti-
ments imputed to Mr.. Williams by the
press of New York, and which imputation
he has not yet been able to clear up to the
satisfaction of the executive power. We
believe that Mr.. Williams has been an &C
ceptable commissioner, but however eff
Gent and capable he may have been, the
uDlucky speech to which he appears to
have given utterance in an ungusrded mo-
ment has utterly destroyed his usefulness
as fire commissioner. Byit the confidence
Of the community in his fire-fghting chiv-
airy was thoroughly dispelled. The man
who stops to consider in the midst of q
conhsgration how much the owner of the
PAOPSAty VIII oPPiOIlogO InO QuOuSuluS VI
the fire, estimates in dollars and cents this
appreciation before he directs the water
upon the flames, has no right to expect to
be honored with the full confidence of his
fellow citizens in the position of fire COM
missioner. We have no doubt that Mr..
Williams takes this view of the matter him
self Hence his resignation. We sympa-
thize with him in his difficulty, for it is
simply incredible that any man of his in
telligenne and usual good sense should en-
terrain the sentiments Imputed to him, to
say nothing of the additional folly of DELHI
erately giving utterance to them. We
must therefore conclude that they were
thoughtlessly and loosely spoken, or that
he was misrepresented. The latter fact he
is unfortunate in his inability to substan-
tate.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

and at home. The internal revolutions,
combined with the savage hordes which
are violently assaiIing it upon its frontier,
have thrown the entire country into a
state of excitement and confusion, and in
their despair and helplessness they plead
with this Government to stand by them
and save their Republic from the barbaric
bands which seek to demolish. the sacred
temple of liberty which they have reared
with much patience and endurance ana
long suffering. The duty OF the United
States in this matter is plain and simple.
By all the ties of higher civilization, by
the poignant facts in years of its past record
and by the remarkable circumstances oil
the present the United States is IN duty
bound to aid and protect this people.
Aside from these interests we have others.
A great many American citizens are placed
in jeopardy by this sudden and Wide'eA'
tended outbreak. There are many OF them
whose commercial relations with that coun-
try are such as to positively demand pro-
lection. Many of them are engaged In
business enterprises III tn0 AsoPuoAN' "'
both in property and in person, are threat
ened with destruction; many are engaged
in the great missionary work of enlighten-
ing and elevating the race to higher stan
dard of social and intellectual culture, ana
besides these important matters our ma
tional relations as government with that
people demand that some measures be
taken Immediately to award that ample
protection and safety which our dignity
and position as great nation requires.
We once had commerce of five million
per annum with Liberia. Coffee of the
best quality, coal, iron, precious stones,
palm oil, tropical fruits, ginger, ETC., are
produced and found here in the greatest
abundance, or rather could be produced
under the proper stimulus of close trade
relations. But since the commencement
Of the war the annual five million referred
to has dwindled to sum so Insignificant
as to be scarcely worth mentioning. A
revival of this trade and its natural in
crease would soon result in almost con-
slant Communication with Liberia, and
afford great protection to her people.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
bronze.

THIEVES and pickpOckets. it seems were
90 tbicl, as blackbirds, and worked with
Characteristic industry and success among
the crowds at the Stonewall jackson glorl-
fieation in Richmond on Tuesday 4 we re-
pret this exceedingly. and are sorry also 70
hear that these inconsiderate rascals re-
Teyed our distinguished fellow-citizen' W..
W Corcoran. ESQ.,, of very valuable dla-
mond bosom pin. If the thief VINO COIL
mitted 50 mean an act does not become con-
science stricken and return that pin TO us
owner, we would not give much tor MS
chances in the next world.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
PROTECTION OF OUR LIBKRIAN INTER.
EHTS.

In another column will be found an in
teresting letter on Liberia. Our readers
are well aware that around this little Re-
public gloomy cloud is lowering, which,
in its present aspect, threatens to engulf
that country in war Of determination and
widespread ruin. Every day the storm
gathers, and unless some restraining hand
is stretched forth potent to stay the strife,
and, by its power and majesty, silence the
tumultuous uprising which Is now trans.
piring there, it will not be long before the
germ of republicsnism and the refuge of the
blacks, which was established years ago
through patriotic suffering and heroism,
will have passed away before the on
slaughts of barbarism and aboriginal saw
agery. The American Government have
interests centred in the welfare of this minor
Republic which cannot, without disas-
trous consequences, be allowed to remain
neglected. We are its mother country.
To the United States it has ever looked for
guidance, support and protection whenever
assailed. The history of our Government
in its bearing towards it for the past fifty
years W i'll bear us out in this assertion.
It took this stand when the little Republic
was In its infancy; 1t has borne this rela-
ton up to tho present, and now: in an
hour when all the interests Liberia has are
endangered, it certainly will not desert it.
The Liberians, unsupported by foreign
Power, are weak and unprepared for the
present emergency. The military force is in
reality as nothing; their financial resources
have unfortunately been exhausted by q
reckless system of government which has
been managed by class of mercenary men,
who had none Of the higher instincts Of
patriotism and earnest devotion to country.
They ensnsred the young Republic by
leading it into the obligatory environs of an
enormous national debt, its creditor being
a nation whose navy is to-day floating with
strong ship and watchful bearing on the sea
which lashes its shore, and in this state of
financial and military helplessness, weighed
down with the burdens Of pressing
national debt, it is beset by foefrom abroad
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
TRInIY MoRNINe:::::::::::oCToBER .. 1876.

A REGULARITY about the statue just
erected in Richmond is the very dark and
sombre color of the bronze. An English
man likes the color of his bronze heavy
and sombre. Viewed at short distance the
statue has the appearance of being cast OF
lead and polished. A gentleman OF our
acquaintance says it suggested a doubt as 70
whether the artist has not mistaken JACK
son for a colored man. This sombre Color
is in singular contrast with the rich' mel
low tints of the Munich castings on the
more delicate coloring of the French
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
OFFICE,
~ nTsTRICT or n0r rr,fpr

- COLUhBIA,
WASHINGTON, ID. c., October q, 1876.
Notice Is hereby given thai on OCTOBER 81, 1S5,
Will expire all licenses given by the District Of
Columbia 10 all apothecaries, aucttoueers, banks
and bankers, bill posters, brewers, brokers, book
agents, butchers In the several markets, claim
agents, contractors, cattle brokers, commission
whatever, dealers in distilled and fermented IL
quors, wines and cordials. distllers, insur knce
agents ice dealers, manufacturers Of illuminating
gas, life and Ore insurance companies, patent
agents, pswnbrokers, photographers. proprietors
OF b1r-rooms. sample-rooms. tippling houses, bill
lard, hagatelle and Jennie Lind tables, bowling
alleys, hotels, livery stables, intelligence Offices,
junk shops, restaurants and eating houses, thea
tres. real estate agents, rectihers, &C., &c.
All parties engaged In said business. trades or
professions must promptly renew ssid licenses in
accordance with The provisions Of the act OF the
Legislative Assembly, approved August q, 1871,
and the act amendatory thereof, approved June 20,
THAT every peason liable for a license tax who
may fail 10 pay the same before engaging in the
business for which license may be required, shall,
In addition TO the license TAX imposed. pay d ne
penalty OF no less than dve nor more than nifty
Dealers in distilled and fernented liquors, wines
and cordials, In quantities not less than pint,
are further notified thai bad, with two citizens
as sareties. each in the penal sum-cf tvo hundred
bia as successor to the Mayor, Board Of Aldermen.
obtaining license to traic therein. in accordance
with existing laws. JOHN +. COOK,
or9a- CTu&Th-5t
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

have gotten one hundred dollars for the best
discourse within his power. Stephens Is no
better speaker orwriter now than he wasthen.
Why, then, is this enormous price paid for one
of his lecturesi Human curiosity VIII lead
humanity into almost..sny undertaking that II
is possible for men to do. Certainly IN TINS
action of the Chicago Lyceum there is no mo-
tive possible save that of desire to pander to
the morbid curiosity of mankind. what is
there about Alexander II. Stephens that is so
attractivel Does the attraction lie in his shriV-
eled and attcnuated legs, in his wizened face,
in his faltering voice, in his phantom-like
physique? No, it is simply thirsting, all
absorbing curiosity to see the most marvellous
and straDgely-wonderful character Of the nine
teenth ceutury-a man who has fingered on the
brink of the grave for two decades of years,
and still preserves his intellect with all It's
brilliant and surprising qualities. BE is
living curiosity, standing as it were between
the shadows of life and death, in sort OF
''waiting state' for the future.
Politicians know something about their
prospects, and citizens vote from motives.
There is no reason why the men who voted
for Tilden last year should refrain from voting
the Tilden ticket this year.-N. Y. World.
The World thinks so, but that hardly makes
it the case. When Gov. Tilden was asking
the people of New Yorlk,fo their votes at the
last gubernatorial election he promised them
many fine and exceedingly tempting things.
In the language of the politician, he colored
the bright results which were to be derived
from the Democratic ascendency, and held
f0 ha the sweet rnOreplS
which were only waiting to be given to them
as soon as that triumph was accomplished.
He promised the ssworkingmen employment;
he promised to destroy the force and infa-
nous power of Tammany; he pledged his
word that he would uproot and demolish the
corruption of the canal rings; he told the peo-
pie that he would, through his administra-
ton, bring them prosperity, good govern
ment and official integrity, and the people
took him at his word. That they made
grave mistake is more than evident; that he
has failed to fulfill his pledges Is positive
truth. The workingmen are still idle, the
manufactures yet closed, the business en-
terprises of the State more dormant than
ever. The canal ring, to be sure, has been
attacked, but the onslaught has been puerile
and unavailing. Notwithstanding the tri-
umphant battle-cry of ''Reform" which Mr..
Tilden has been piping throughout the Empire
State, when the matter is sifted thoroughly,
all that is seen of this Wanted reform is found
in few laudable speeches, trio of messages
and stray indictment now and then charg-
ing some inferior thief with completely in the
canal ring frauds, while the principal actors
in that crime are allowed, for political reasons,
to 60 unpublished. And in the face of these
undeniable facts the World prances out the
name of Samuel Tilden as the only one for
which the good and honest people of the State
should cast their ballots.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
DIE n.

DITTOE.-Thursday, October Is, at the Academy
Of the Sacred Heart of St. Mary, sister CECILIA
D1TToE, o. s. D., In the forty-hfth year Of her
The funeral will take place at st. Dominic's
church, Saturday morning, 1t 10 O'Clock.
CARTER.-The funeral ceremonies for the late
Mrs. 9. ?: CARTER will take place at Oak Hill
Cemetery to-day, at u O'Clock m.
KELLY.-On the 9th instant, at s:15 O'Clock,
Kelly, aged ten years, seven months and sixteen
The relatives and friends Of the family are re-
specially invited to attend her funeral to-day
At $3.50 O'Clock p m, from the residence Of her pa
rents, go street southwest.
WALKER.-SUsIE V. WALKER, the only daugh-
ter of Thomas Il. and Laura v. Walker, at l:3)
O'Clock p. m. Wednesday, aged four years and two
months.
Close her eyelids, press them gently
Over the beautiful blue eyes,
For the soul that made them lovely
Has returned into the skies.
We are glad our Heavenly Father
Called her while her heart was pure
We are glad he did not leave her
All LIES troubles TO endure.
We are glad, and yet the tear-drops
Falleth; for, alas, we know
That our hreside Will be lonely,
We will miss our darling so.
The relatives ana friends respectfully invited
to attenQ the at the residence Of her parents
Hl5 street northwest, on Friday at O'Clock D. m
. RUSSELL.-On the morning OF wednesday, Octo-
Der q, at the residence OF g.. bearing, zoos Mas
SELL. wife of the late Samuel Russell. Of Warren
ton, Va, In the sixty-ninth ye1r other age.
Her reTains win De taken to Warrenton. Va, for
interment on Fridty morning, In the 7:s5 tain.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
HARRIED.

MERCER-LINKlNS.-At the residence OF Jas
Hudson, esq, Mt. Pleasant, on the 9th instant,
by Rev. b. Shannon, WILLIAM MERCER and MAR
GARET Z. LINKNs, both Of Washington, ID. O.
.,sh, 81 T1esdny fne 18Th IN
say, in St. James Episcopal church. MELVILLE
g. SHUsTER, Of Washington. d. c., and MARY A
daughter of DR.. John Ward, Of warreRton, va.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

The Democrats give up Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts,, but cling anxiously to New York
as their only hope.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

Is it better to have bet and lost than never
to have bet at all? Several young gents are
prepared with strong negative.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

Sam. Bowles is getting ready to nominate
Charles Francis Adams for sundry and divers
positions.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

Once more the Analostaus-those sturdy,
stalwart boys-are vanquished.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

Only boats length and half behind. oh,
for timely squirt.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

The prospects in Pennsylvania are brighten
ing every day. Late advices from Philadelphia
state that the State is good for thirty thousand
majority.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
SPECIAL NOTICES.
~ Y. n. Q. a.
sABBATHsAFTEREooN SERVICES.
LINCOLN HALL. AT s:so O'CLOCK.
Conducted By the Young Men ofthe Associate on.
MUSIC LED BY oseAsIAsD ooRsEr.

YOUNG MEN SPECIALLY INVITED.
MUSIC LED BY oeeASEAED coRsET.
Glasses. in English Grammar and Arithmetic
commence TUESDAY EVENING. ats:ao. oc9
Hr THIRTY.sIXTH ANNIVERsARY
-. and Reunion olthe Nineteenth-;treet Bap.
EvENiSs, October p. ISIS. Tie following gen
Rev. samuel M.ddon. OF Ale1.udri., va;
Rey. s ssnSdy A Alex Of eeSrset1gn D. u
Rey. Ep; j. Walker, q shiloh Baptist church.
Rev. Robert josnses, q 81 fSarss Baptist church
Reys. Dr.. BIN and WIN: WaringS
Rev; James Henry, OF John Wesley A. NJ. e.
-Rey. Jos. s. Thompson, of Union Bethel, "A. NJ.
Rev: DR.. Cromwell. of St. Msry's Episcopal
Rev. Jas. Thomas, of Assury A. NJ. z. church:
Rev. John Brown, of !P-esby-
Rev. Harry johnson, OF Baltimore, Md.
Rev. VIM. Gibbons, Mount Zion Baptist churcn,
Order q hymn III A,., a1Il
i fesd PSs NJ e eis
tie Church Choir; saes.th scheSI E,sreise; An; q,
tSe Lord" History Of The sunday school; By sI;
sunda5seAooi chof; Prospeeins By Ms. Rozeita
Coakley; Quartetts: Reciiations BY Miss Anna Ann,
eho2 S sTs by Pso kns
The Lords Prayer sunday. school Choir.
I.2j; single ticker, cents: children hftsen
years, 50 cents. Doors open at O'Clock, exercises
or2s: c. A. STEWART, Chairman.
sFsPECIAL NOTICE.
~ We hereby notify all parties having
Pledges with over due october q that they must
be renewed or redeemed within that time or the
Sefebsr os the SC and
streets. Duncanson Bros; A1cti1nse.s
Loan and CommssiO Brokers.
oc2s-3t Northeast corner Tenth and y streets.
HeAT1ENTION is CALLED TO TIE
auction sale of Tnredeemed Pledges LEFT
with 8. Goldstein Co., on SATURDAY, Octo-
rooms, southeast corner of Ninth and ID streets,
consisting OF Watches, Diamonds and Fine jew
fully Tsirsnied. Sale positive. Every srticie
must be sold. DUNCANsUE BROS,
~ ARLINGTON COOPERATIVE
~ BUILDING ASSOCIATION. = Regular
~ at sSAs6 81 RSoa il
One thousand dollars is advanced on each share,
monthly insiallment on premium is reduced one
subscIiptiO1s for the remaining shares will be
Chas B. Bailey, Gas Once, Tenth street northwest.
Geo. w. Harkness, I'D II street northwest.
EDWARD Medley. Lob Seventh street northwest
Thos. B. Penicks, Government Printing ONCE
+. g. Middleton, Metropolitan Bank.
J. W. TYLER, "A Tenth street nortawrss.
b. Robinson. 81 Pennsylvania avenue.
]. d. Free. us street northwest
Francis Miller, 81 Ninth street northwest.
A. 7. Longley, Agricultural Department.
''-'iO MI THOMAS HYDE, President,
JEO. JOY EPSON, Secretary,
III street northwest. oczS-ThSTCtd
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

Pass over the hats you bet on the races yes
terday, gentlemen.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

ones polled for the prohibition candidates, it is
probable that the Democracy gains much by
the existence of the third party.
General Samuel Cary, ex-temperance lee
turer and bona .fde gas bag, will speak to the
people of New York city next Monday night.
Put down five Thousand extra votes for
Seward.
In these genial October days these Indian
summer beauties, when all the surroundings
seem to work together as an elevating infiu-
ence to lift US up from dependency, gloom
and restIessness to state of contentment and
peace, there is nothing which can add more to
this-nothing that will so readily reach and
touch and overflow the human hsarb with
gratitude as to have man seize you by the
scandal in your ear.
The other day Sam Bowles went to church
in Springfield, Mass, and, feeling the effect of
his severe editorial labors through the week,
fell to mapping. By and by he was awakened
by the preacher, who struck his desk and
shouted, 'sWho shall be able to stand ND
in the presence of the Lord on that awful
dayq' And Sam Bowles, rising in his'pew,
remarked, "Charles Francis Adams is the
only man that can do it, and nominate him
for the'position."
At Balaklava, when cannon were to the
right of them, cannon to the left of them, and
cannon in front of them, volleying and thun-
dering, the officers and soldiers of the Light
Brigade mingled together in the vortex of
carnage, but at their reunion recently officers
and soldiers were separated and held their
festivities the one distinct from the other.
When they were riding "into the jaws of death
and the mouth of he'll, !" the officers were quite
glsd of the soldiers company; but, then, cir
cumstances naturally alter the case, we sup
pose.
The commander of the Cuban patriots says
that his troops are in fit condition for seven
more years of strife. These are words from
brave man fighting in a noble cause. It is
hoped, however, that::the great Powers of the
world which glory in and boast so much of
peaceful arbitration viii not stand indiffer-
emily by and watch the future with that cool
nees which has been displayed in the past to-
wards the bloody scenes of this inhuman and
bitter war. Seven years more of such heart
less and despotic strife would be an indelible
stain upon the humanity of Christendom.
"Hon. Alexander b. Stephens, of Georgia,
Is to lecture in one Of the Chicago Lyceun
courses, and is to receive 81 900 therefor"
This announcement is made by Chicago
paper. One Thousand dollars for lecture
from Q man who fifteen years ago could not
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
BOARDING.

ESSGS11nS~SoOcS1%eSnO SrSTSCSn%S[ST%<STSS$
- Of 933 II street. has remoy ed to houses Nos. S22
and SIS Vermont avenue, opposite Arlington hotel;
has refurnished them, and Is now ready TO rent
rooms, en- suite or single, with board, to members
Of Congress and others desiring drst-class accom-
mediation for the winter season. oc25-2u'
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

Stanley is still pushing on. He has reached
Lake Victoria,
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
EDITORIAL AFTERrHoUGHT,

Madge and General Harney-a fast couple,
that.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29
FOR SALE OR RENT.

SS~CNNNOHONOONO@ONONON ONONONONNNONNSN.NON1
nor RENT OR SALE-A LARGE AND
\ elegant HOUSE, on First street east, between
and o streets north Capitol HILL adjoInInR
Capitol grounds, with stable and side attached
inquire OF TaQSr 9ALLIGAN,
oezS-kf. 606 Twelfth street northwest
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

k iNGTON CITY AND YOUNG MEMS
CHBIsTIAN ASSOCIATION LIBRARY
eds to rsss
have within the past few months added large
are the fofiSwing: Gsptsin Haitst.s, By Jules
Verne; The Way " Li I've Now, By Troliops; Blue.
RaIOGR Sef1s Ter y WfTG 6assd !oST0sy
Fisher HaVeI MOODY S and SANKEY'S and
daily We You'd 0 be Pleased 20 have our anss
CAL at any time between Am and 10 P. m. Rooms
ing. cerner OF Ninth and y streets. ocsstt
washington Brick Machine Company, for the cleo
IS & Joel BE-
ms ' : L: OLEPHANE.
~ARnY AND NAVY MARKET,
COR. sEvENTEEETR STREET AND PENN
For neAtness, cleanness and selection Of Choice
Lard, Game, Fish, Oysters, Vegetables and CANNED
Goods of ali kinds cannot be surpassed in WASH
PRICES MODERATE.
GOODS DELIVERED FREE OF CHARGE.
ocS-1m
EREMovsL.
~ SAVINGS BANK.
shalt street, has removed to hg northeast corner
Of Four-aud-s-half and Z streets southwest.
oc4-im Treasurer.
~ REMEMBER JUsTH's OLD
os sTAND as pays fpr second ciosh.
be always hiss, al SIG d street between SIKH and
se,sSh ssFs ta northwest Note by mall
~ ONLY PURE sPRENG wArER
- used 70 make The Soda and Mineral Waters
sold at Temple Drug Store. Jy3-r
- SODA Water e at the Temple Drug Store,
drawn from the steel fountains. Jy@u
~ IMPROvED APPARATUS AID
and Minefsi waters & the Temple Drag store 300,
~ PURE CREAM. s zen Fruit
only At the Temple Drug Store. jys-tf
~NOTICE-THE ANNUAL ELEC-
ssy,ngs Bsnb q the District Of SoI1msi. WI Be
and feuisians Avenue, in %.sSinst ets. B. G.,
on MONDAY, November l, 1875, besween the hours
raS 81 % sa sas
Of the Bank for the first year IN be read a I
ers are requested g b Prsss1s1 Ssaryr -.
JAS. s.EDwAHDs. seeretsry. :eso' sSi1ssa
EIoE-OeLDo 81 FE EA,h,v.,xn ,,.vo,
WITH
Milbnrn's Famous Polar Soda,
At I429 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
duce s ms : 20 -IN Ne-''o-' - jea:1
.~TEETH a PER eET- ETTHEW
eosr. T NJ Rs az Hs,S a Sac
ss sod a.ss ess1 sies
ut vein. : = lch-tA
e~DR !, b, JOHNSOE- ar AIEX.
~ Andria, Vs., offers his professional ser
Once No AN Pennsyivapia avenue, between
wiilsrd's hotel and he owen house.
Omce eoer. ron y :: n. 70 2: 2: eyz.-1
NLEGALAnn OH ~ 88lMRe
- Rk1NTkD At Ihk 5a4Ef E6T y OItJH
.ttne kkf OsLlOAN s0s 0kr-o1. 1e1-1
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1875-10-29

AS Republican votes are.generally the only
ones polled for the prohibition candidates, it is
probable that the Democracy gains much by
the existence of the third party.