davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
The Common Hammer.

The hammer seems simple instru-
book on mechanical topics, lately pub
| lished in England, finds in it much that
is curious and interesting, as the follow
ing extract will show:
Few people in Witnessing the use of
hammer, or in using one themselves,
ever think of it as an engine giving out
tons of force, concentrating and apply
| ing power by functions which, if per-
! formed by other mechanism, would H.
! volve trains Of gearing, levers, or
/ screws; aud that such mechanism, if
employed instead of hammers, must lack
! that important function of applying
force in any direction that the will may
! direct.
I" A simple hand-hammer is, ia the alb
stract, one of the most intricate of me-
chanical agents, that in its action is more
difficult to analyze than that of many
complex machines involving trains of
mechanism; but our familiarity with
hammers makes US overlook this fact,
and the hammer has even been denied a
place among those mechanical con-
triyances to which there has been APP
piled the mistaken name of mechanical
powers
Let the reader compare hammer
| with wheel and axle. inclined plane,
screw, or lever, as an agent for concen-
trating and applying power, noting the
principles of its action first, and then
considering its universal use, and he will
conclude that if there is mechanical
device that comprehends distinct princi-
piles, that device is the common ham,
mer; it seems, indeed, to be one of those
things provided to meet a human neces-
| sity, and without which mechanical in
dustry could not be carried on In the
manipulation Of nearly every kind of
material the hammer is continually nee
essary, in order to exert force beyond
what the hands command, unaided by
mechanism, to multiply their force. A
carpenter, in driving spike requires
force of from five pounds to five tons to
! meet the requirements of his work;
stone-mason applies force of from 100
to 600 pounds in driving the edge of
his tools; chipping, calking, in fact near
ly all mechanical operations, consist more
or less in blows, and blows are but the
application of an accumulated force ex-
pended throughout limited distance.
Considered as mechanical agent the
hammer concentrates the power of the
arms and applies it in manner that
meets the requirements of the work. If
great force is needed long swing and
slow blows accomplish tons; if but little
force is required short swing and rapid
blows will serve, the degree OF force be-
ing not only continually at control but
the direction at which it is applied also.
Other mechanism. if used instead of ham
mers to perform the same duty, would
from its nature require to be compli.
Gated machine and act in but one direc
ton or in one place"
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
A Boys Query Answered.


| 1 RECEIVED the following letter, the
other day, from Richmond, Va:
| Mr. QuAD-Do newspaper men ever print
liess Father says they do, and mother told
ire 10 write and ask you. Please answer In
haste. a BOY.
Bless your innocent heart, my boy!
But shall cheerfully answer your letter
and take all pains to smash your fathers
malicious assertion all to piecesl No,
my son, newspapers never print lies
knowing them to be lies. They may be
deceived sometimes, but the great aim
of newspaper is to keep the truth in
| view.
If your father takes daily paper and
you are old enough to read you have
probably read items about men los years
old getting up at five O'Clock in the morn
ing, digging twenty-five bushels of pota-
toes before breakfast, then walking sew
en- or eight miles to the village and back
to do trading, cutting two cords of wood,
milking twelve or fifteen cows, pairing
five bushels of apples and getting to bed
at nine o'clock in the evening. Does your
father pretend that such items are not
true: Well, he must be curious sort of
a man. Does he suppose that news
paper man could sit down and write a de-
liberate lie?
And you have probably read items to
the effect that Maria Jane Winchester, of
New Jersey, or Indiana, or Ohio, 115
years old, had woven 100 yards of rag
carpet, knit $50 pairs of socks, picked
twenty bushels of apples and spun 500
knots of yarn during the last year, be
sides walking three miles to the village
three times per week, writing a book,
helping about the homework, and so
forth. Well, is your father mean enough
to hint to you that Maria Jane couldn't
do any such thing and that some news
paper man was exaggeratings
No, my son, a newspaper which thinks
anything of its reputation will not print
anything but the solemn truth. The first
thing when young man enters an office
TO become reporter, the editOr-in-chief
! calls him up and administers the follow
ing oath:
u, John Jones, do solemnly and sim
cerely promise and swear that will from
this time kenceforth cling to the unadul-
| terated truth, as county clerk clings to
his perquisites. l solemnly agree to
write nothing which could not swear to
on pile Of Bibles as high as haystack,
and if l so far forget myself as to even
exaggerate the truth in the slightest de-
gree | am willing to be sawed in two
with crcss-Cut saw and have one-half of
my body sent to Turkey and fed out to
| the dogs, and the other half preserved in
alcohol, sent to the Medical College at
Ann Arbor and labeled, Fate of liarr"
Now, my son, after reporter has taken
| such an oath as that, do you suppose that
/ he would dare write lie? Does your
father suppose that all these items about
| circus lions breaking loose, the last body
| servant of Gen. Washington, the club
which was held over Capt Smiths head,
Gen. Lafayette's watch, etc, are all base
liess If he Is that kind of man it Is
your duty to run away from home and
come and live with me and get good
bringing up" H Quad" in Orr Fireside
| Friend
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
THE MARROW HOME.
MARROW home, but very sim it seemesh,

a MARROW nome but very Sill II seemetns
A silent home, no stir or tumult here.
Who wins that pillow of no sorrow dreameth
No whirling echoes jar his sealed ear.
The tired hand lies very calm and quiet,
Tie weary foot no more hard paths viii
tread,
The great world may revolye in clash ane
riS,
To its loud summons leaps nor heart moi
head,
The violets bloom above the tranquil sleeper
The morning dews fall gently on the grass
Amid the daisies kEeeis the lonely weeper,
He knows not when her lingering footstep:
pass.
The autumn winds sigh softly Ger his slurn
Der,
The winter piles the snow-drifts Ger hi,
rest;
He does not care the flying years 10 number
The narrow home contents its silent guest
40 baf,ed hope can haunt, no doubt per
plexes,
No parted love the deepre can chafe,
No petty care can irk, no trouble yexes,
From nisc0nstruction his hushed heart Is
safe.
Freed from the WEAKNESS of worldly ffetting
From pain and fasftre, bootless toll and
strife,
From the dull Indebtedness Of vain regret
ting,
He lies, whose course has passed away
from life.
a narrow home, aud far beyond it lieth
The land whereof no mortal lips can tell;
We strain our sad eyes SIS the spirit fieth,
Our fancy loves on heavens bright hills to
dwell
God shuts the door, 10 angel lip uncloses,
They whom Christ raised no word Of guild
ance said:
Only the Cross speaks where our dust re
poses:
Trust Him who calls unto His rest our
dead"
III The Year Round.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

HERBALIsTIc REMEDIEs.-In former
days, If member of the household be-
came indisposed, the family head. under
instructions from the gray haired dame,
went to the forest or the field to gather
herbs or berries, from which were quick
ly made invigorating extracts, which ere
many days brought the patient safely
around, and saw the family gathering
once more without a missing member.
How is it now? The slightest indisposi-
ton brings the family physician with
bis handsome carriage. He feels the
pulse, examines the tongue, looks very
grave, writes few lines of hieroglypbics
charges big fee, and leaves, only to re-.
turn the next day and find his patient
mercurialized sufficiently to be really
sick. A week or two of attendance fol-
lows, and therein lies the secret of
wealthy physicians" Compare the
physique of the present age with the past
and the story is complete. Reader, dis
card chemicals and try herbs. If you are
III, try the great herbalistic remedy, DIR.
}. WALKERS VINEGAR BITTERs. 80
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

!. the bogus concern, though We ses sn aht am
Barnum Complains that some sns s1 tSsn a aSsel-
an an eI Hsyyums Istest enterprise" and resort
to other devices wherein they ss thf n ans
sBarnums to deceite the public; . ne ssas
that ali exhibitions with which he is eonn nh
ed win give his initials, Up I, and also p@ To
iish bis portrait BY way of identification; o ID
he forewarped is to be forearmed. "oi1
tn fhe wise is sufficient"
" As Mr. Barnum's great HippodGroame tn tsay SaS
under an expense Of nearly slo0U eacn oay
il can exhibit only In large cities. Inese eau 1
be reached by cheap excursion trains, MI Il
Barnum he can easily lose hall m, mn ,ha at
in any event be shall not bring back his hip,
podrome from Europe. It is pafronlz a,as ana
approved by the clergy ans religious classes :;
AZ well as by school teachers and all hsaae o.
re,ined families who desire their children 10
improve their minds under this great system
of Nobiect-teaching." Beyond all question
tb;s is the most extensive and extraordinary
exhibition on the face of the earth, and PROB
ably this generation will never see us hke
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
The Ice Age.

A CRITICAL examination of the various
theories which have been proposed to
account for the climate of the great Ice
Age has been recently contributed to the
Quarterly Journal Of Science by Mr.. Thorn
as Belt, whose observations on glacial
phenomena in Nicaragua and Siberia
have been of considerable interest. Hav-
ing dismissed as unsatisfactory Sir
Charles Lyelrs theory of a change in the
relative position of the continents and
the oceans, and Mr.. Croll's theory of an
increase of the ellipticity of the earth's
orbit, Mr.. Belt advocates the hypothesis
that great changes have occurred in the
obliquity of the ecliptic. Mr.. Belt ap-
proaches the question from the stand
point of physical geologist, and seeks
to show that a sufficient obliquity of the
ecliptic would satisfy many of the condi-
lions required by the glacial problem.
Unlike Mr.. Croll, he believes that the
maximum of cold was sim ultaneous in
the two hemispheres. This contempora-
neous glaciation of both hemispheres
would abstract from the sea large body
of water, represented by the ice piled up
around both poles, and would thus lower
the sea-level to the extent, according to
the author, of at least 1000 feet. The
rise of the level of the ocean consequent
upon the liberation of water from the
| melting ice at at the close of the glacial
period might account for the almost
universal traditions of the great
deluges. Moreover, Mr.. Belt re-
marks that the heaping up of ice
around both poles would alter the figure
of the earth, frightening its polar and
shortening its mean equatorial diameter,
and would thus give rise to series of
strains tending to restore its figure of
equilibrium by depression of polar and
elevation of equatorial land. If this
equilibrium had been maintained during
the glacial period converse changes
would be effected on the melting of the
ice; the polar land being then raised and
the tropical land lowered. The author
suggests that the depression of the bed
parts by the growth of the coral islands,
may be referred to this cause; and an
other step leads him to tie speculation
that even volcanoes and earthquakes
may be the result of movements of the
earths crust, due, not to secular cooling,
as Mr.. Mallet supposes, but to the strain
ing forces set up by the melting of the
polar ice-caps, which would tend to re-
store the equilibrium of the earth's fig
ure. Mr. Belt claims for his theory that
it explains equally the cause of the high
temperature of early tertiary times;
diminished obliquity of the ecliptic pro-
ducing an amelioration of climate, just
as an increased obliquity would augment
its severity. OF course the magnitude of
both effects must depend on the extent
to which astronomers will admit that the
obliquity may vary, and it is probable
that the geologist requires more than the
astronomer will readily concede.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

IT is rumored that the difficulty be-
tween Mr.. Lick and his trustees is like
ly to be settled upon plan substantially
the same as that suggested in the Chron-
icle. The report is that in order to avoid
the hazards and the scandal of bitter
litigation an arrangen ent is on foot by
virtue of which the trustees and MIR.
Lick will join in the execution of deed
to new trustees, which deed will jealous
ly and securely guard the public inter-
ests vested under the original trust and
at the same time make adequate provis-
ion for Mr.. .Lick's relatives.-San Fran
cisco Chronicle.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

After receiving $4,000 for their SER
vices, spending 5000 for kilograms, and
large sums for the distribution of 100000
circulars, the detectives engaged TO dis
cover Charlie Ross have found clew-a
straw hat worth fifty cents.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

DAVIS PAIN KILLER.-This article neede
no comments from us, but the real worth of
SO valuable compound compels US to give
publicity to it. The Pain Killer we keep con-
stantly at hand, and have done so for nun.
Der of years, and have administered it for ails
OF all descriptions, both external and in
ternal, and have ever found it to be the best
remedy extant We well recollect it's first in
PRODUCTION for public patronage; it was then
sold in few shops in the city; look at it now
the world are its patrons.
Sold everywhere
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

Ham Boiled with Viuegar.-When
you boil ham add to you. water two TO
three cups of sharp vinegar or two or
three quarts of old cider. 1t makes a
most delicious picked ham and destroys
its greasy taste.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

A CRUEL April-fool hoax was perpe-
trated on nearly all the Hartford Conn
clergymen, by sending invitations 10
them to come to the United States Hotel
to unite couple in marriage. About
twenty-four of them came around, to the
great delight of the crowd who had as.
sembled to see their discontinue.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

THEoDoRE THOMAS, of Thomas or
chestrs, than whom there is no higher
musical authority in the world, says
there are no other cabinet CT parlor or
gans equal to these made by the Mason
& Hamlin Organ Co, and that musician:
agree with him in this opinion.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

:" Numbers is what does the bust.
ness" shouted man who lives on Me-
chanic street. When my wife is alone
l can reason with her and run things to
sui. myself, but when her mother is
around l am not even a stockholder in
the concern. "-IitusciHe Herald.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

ELECTRICITY IS LIFE.-An nervous disor.
ders, chronic diseases of the chest, head, liver
stomach. kidneys and bloed, aches and pains
nervous and general debility, etc., quickly
cured AFTER drugs fal BY wearing Voltas Elec.
trc Belts and Bands. Valuable book free nv
Volta Belt Co., Cincinnati. Ohio
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

DIR. A. JOHNSON, one OF the most successful,
practitioners of his time, invented what il
now called Johnson's Anoiyne L;n,,neaf The
great success Of this article in the cure d
Bronchitis and all diseases OF throat and lungs
viii make the name of Johnson not less favor
ably, if less widely, known than that of Louis
Napoleon.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

The public are hereby assured, through the
columns Of this paper, that Rarsons' Purgatirl
Fills contain no injurious principle, but that
they may be administered to children and the
most weak and shattered constitutions, in
small doses, with great certainty of success,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

GLEN Flora SPRINGS are located at wau.
kegan, Ill Cures Dyspepsia, Brighrs Dis
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
Or. J. Walkers Californ;,

egar Bitters are a purely Tsa,,
preparation, made chiefly from 4,
tive herbs fora1d on the lower rs.sl
the Sierra Nevada mountains ofCss
mia, the medicinal properties Of !.
are extracted therefrom without a.
of Alcohol. The question ia !.
daily asked, "What is the cause \
unparalleled success of VIyEGIp i
TERs?" Our answer is, that thew
the cause of disease, and the p6,ias.
covers his health. They are tbs :
blood purifier and q lie giving prrs,
a perfect Renovator and In7irr,
of the system. Never before IN h !,
history of the world has a medci1s !
compounded possessing the rens1
qualities of FSEGAR BITTERs in hes5r,
sick of every disease ma.iis heir TO- l
are a gentle PurgatiTe as well as q !.
relieving Congestion or lrfammas-
the Liver and Visceral Organs, il Is
Diseases.
The properties of DR., WAln
VINEGAR BITTERs are Aperient Di4bv.
Carninative, Nutritious, Laxative, bin
Sedatiye, Counter-Irritant, Sucolfc, d
tive. aud Anti Bilious.
n. II. MCDONALD 4. CO..
Druggists and Gen. ACTS. San Francisco C.g,
and cor. OF Washington and Charlton SIS. N
Sold by all Druggists and Denj.,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

Two hundred American newspapers
publication during February.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
Ite
NEW

CholerI
province Of
1t was
that the Tt
Roumelia d
months. II
mitted to t
A bod
prised and
and got aw |
An en-
British he |
occasion OF
for the inl
in the TcA
the prayer
A Mad
Carlists h, |
children II
threatened
day.
Three
is, on the
pose Of mi
ship attai
feet. Two
and wheI
third was
unlikely.
The p1
and Sank
Princess q
the 18th.
There
Scotland,
people gal
tire mass
persons W
in their in
prietors, d
A col
the Fresi|
just been
the leadin|
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

cided tina
palities |
unconsti
Mr.. /
conclude
denial of
cross-eXi
The
session
declarat1
condemn
vania, az
relief.
In C
Fullerto|
was posi-
the 18TH
Capt
Fort Lat
miners
they had
On d
head of
the Chat
destroy4
lives we
1t wi
10Th tn,
the requ|
Gen|
partner
been de
The
cided I'll
the exaI
Sam
publish
Gently.
The
was res
entred
obtain
that pad
Tlton.|
given d
The
dednQd
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

just been
the leadin|
dish
the 14th d.
whom at |
not to go
was prom
A lard
secured b|
had lately
DepartmeI
eating ho|
the award
New |
and 0 hall
Trave|
ming, AMI
18th in Ct
the bridg|
railway o
fornia moi
moved.
A 25
N. c., on
were 800
CHARLOTTE
depots III
The d
and Lexi1
firing of
the unve1
man, " an
The !
large por1
in many |
18th near|
c.; heavy
gonery,
crops, an
Richmon
Anot1
robbers VI
the river
plunderi4
The 1
the releai
into Fort |
the count
tary AUTH
The
cided thd
palities |
unconsti|
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15
The pr0perties of DR.. VAR
HINTS on CARDIAC DISEASE,

Druggists and ten y Cts.. san Francisco C,g,
and cor. OF Washington and Charlton Ss Y,
Sold by ali Druggists and DeaI.,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-04-15

jewels, silver, precious stones and TN.
sci could only be produced after years Of
dozen competencies. Any attempt at imita.
ton on the part of ambitious and unscrupu-
lous showmen for years to come will result
in the most inglorious failure None other
than the 'Prince of Showmen himself
would undertake if, and none other than the
great and irrepressible Barnum could achieve
so signal triumph"
This entire exhibition is advertised to ex.
hibit in New England in May, New York. etc,
in June, Chicago early in July, Ohio, Illinois
and Michigan in July and August.
1t is due to our readers that we inform them
that Mr.. Barnum announces that certain i'm.
posters in Cincinnati have copied his bills,
posters, cuts and advertisements, and with a
few broken-down circus horses and wagons
will precede his exhibition in the West, and
by announcing the Great Roman Hippodrome
win attempt to make the public believe
that it is his unrivaled establishment
He cautions the public against being
thus deceived, and reminds them that
it would be impossible with any amount
of money to organize and equip even sem.
blance of his establishment without prepa.
ration of several years. The Cincinnati Dali,
Enquirer of Feb. "a, 1875, says that this pre-
tended "Hippodrome" is simply the "wreck
of that stupendous fraud known as the Great
nagerie combination, which exploded at Sci.
ma, Ala, the 18th of last November, a num-
Der Of horses having to be sold to pay the
expenses Of shipping the show to this city,
where the proprietors left number of their
employees unpaid and penniless, and vamosed.
Who the real proprietors of the business
were still remains matter of considerable
mystery, but 1t is generally believed that
Andy Haight, one Gibbons and George Weber
ard others were large stockholders. The
defrauded circus men and others connected
with the concern finally obtained the
aid of the law to compel q settlement Of
their just claims, and the whole matter end
ed in the show being attached at Hamilton,
and in an auction sale OF the circus prop
erty at Lebanon yesterday afternoon.
The best Of the joke is that De Haven, Web
Der, Gibbons and others are about to reorgan.
ize q Hippodromc out of the wreck to start
out with next summer on another tour.
The whole show was rather poor concern,
only few lions being in good condition, and
the menagerie including no really rare or val
liable animals"
Our readers have only to use ordinary eau
ton to discover which is the real and which