The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1875-10-06
ALBUMIN Rec-MIre.


unoccupied parts of the habitable world not
only with manufactures and capital, but with
men One of their largest exports is human
flesh and blood, done up in individual packa-
ges, and shipped across oceans and seas to
every country on the globe. The tide of emf
grafton has been flowing ever since the first
English settlement was made on the American
coast, more than $50 years ago. 1t has had its
Gibbs and floods, but has never been wholly cut
! off
The official record of emigration from 1910
to 1873 registers every great economic event
of that time,-the Irish famine, the discovery
of gold in California and Australia, the Ameri-
can financial panic of 1857, the Civil War, etc.
The 81 crisis cut down British Emigration to
the United States from l26, 9O5 in 1857, to 3d.
ZIG in 1858. The outbreak of the Civil War
reduced it from $500 in 1860 to 1874 in
1861 The Irish famine forced it up from ST.
239 in 1916 to 1872, l54 in 1917, and 1928 in
1913, and 2l9,45O in 1919, and 230, 1856 in $50.
Corresponding figures for the North American
Colonies were 10, 439 in 1916, and lO9,6sO in
1877. when it suddenly dropped to l,O65 in
1918. When gold was discovered in Australia,
the number of emigrants thither quarupled in
year. From 81 ,532 in 1851 it became ST.
ssI in 1852, and 81 ,4OI the next year, and 49,
237 the next, or 1854 1t continued to decline
in Australia down to 1927 in 1870.
In 1873 the total number of emigrants from
the United Kingdom was 3lO,6l2, or about
per cent. of the whole population of the King
dom. OF these persons, 233,O73 went to the
United States. This rate of decrease exceeds
the annual average increase of the British pop
ulation 1861 and 1871 For these ten years it
was only IS per cent. But the great proper
tionate loss was from Ireland Nevertheless
population is now increasing more rapidly than
emigration and death together can thin it. Ac-
cording to the report of the Registrar General,
the net daily increase in the population of the
United Kingdom is 7O5. In 1875, the total
population was 29,s6l sos. In 1874 it was
32,4l2,OOO.
The wonderful fact shown by these figures
is, that this little cluster of islands on the
western shore of Europe should produce such
enormous numbers of human beings. England
and Wales, in which the land is owned by com
paratively few persons, are more densely pop
ulated than any country in Europe except Bel
GUM, which is land of manufactures and
farm patches Yet the density increases every
year, despite the hundreds of thousands who
leave the teeming shores of Old England and
ancient Erin, for the New World. 1t would be
an interesting study to trace the effect of Brit
ish emigration upon British trade, and discover
how much of the vast commerce of the United
Kingdom consists of buying from and selling to
ex-Britons
BY letter from correspondent of the Sgd
neg Herald, we learn that the ar-planters
of Queensland are in the same predicament as
those of Hawaii nei in regard to labor And
it also appears that, in spite of their proxim-
ity to India, from which country it has been
suggested that we endeavor to obtain immi-
grants, they regard the idea of obtaining lab
orers from China as more practicable thanSany
other. We quote from the letter referred to
as follows:
The position of the subject for q long period has
been that Of urgent requirement on the part of the
planters and positive resistance on that Of the Gov
eminent, who persstenty avoided the question rather
than deal with it by direct refusal to entertain
Chinese immigration, and boldly take the ground of
principle for their action. On the Both July, 1874,
the Executive Council passed the following minute,
viz =" The Council advise that his Excellency the
Governor be requested to communicate with the Brit
isb Consul at Annoy, inviting his attention to the
subject" (ofthe importation of Chinese labOrers for
the purpose eff cutiyating sugar., with any ntina
tion that any Chinese subjects brought into Queens
land would be under the protection of the law also
that written agreements or contracts under the
Masters and Servants Act 1861, made in China |
would be valid in Queensland, and that Chinese lab
brought into Queens by virtue of such writ
ten agreement of ndenure would be entitled to the
same protection emigrants coming from Europe or
the United Kingdom" In this minute both the Gov
and the planters thought that at last the Gov
eminent had given way, and that the road was clear
for the introduction of this much-n labor The
Marquis Of Normandy at wrote to the British
Consul at Annoy, sending copy Of the minute, and
evidently referring the SUBJECT if this last difficult
ty had been removed and TO show that this was his
view, quote the following extracts from bis Lord
snip despatch OF ltn august TO the Secretary of |
State for the Colonies -" have the honor to inform
your Lordship that my Government have at last de-
cded to sanction the importation of Chinese aborers
into this colony" - 1t appears to that on every
ground, this is desirable step for them to have
taken. Without eolored labor Of some description il
would believe, be utterly impossible to continue the
cultivation OF sugar, indeed of almost any of the
tropical productions which may be found suitable for
the northern porti N Of this colony and feel con-
fdent that, unless that description Of labor can be
procured from quarter in quantities sufficient to
meet the demand, the inevitable result would be not
only the stoppage Of all settlement in the north be-
yond the present limits, but also the utmat
ment of the sugar plantations in existence and
the consequent ruin Of the prOpretors besides the
throwing out Of employment Of large number of
white men, who are now employed the plantations
ut high wages" The answer from the Consul at
Annoy and from Lord CarnaTvon unfortunately found
Lord Normandy translated to New Zealand and his
powerful advocacy being removed, and the appoint
nent Of an agent at Annoy being pointed
sary to give final effect to the otherwise complete ar
the Cabinet again brought into operation
that powerful piece Of passive resistance" and the
dispatches from the Consul and the Secretary of
State were returned to the Acting Governor, with an
from the Colonial Secretary that it had
not beer considered necessary take any further ae
ion in the matter" His Excellcney Mr. Cairns |
however, thought it necessary to take up the run
ming: and he accordin giv Addressed