Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-03-05

fectly formed leaves.
IS. All the leaf.buds upon the same
branch are constitutionally and anatomically
the same.
SO. They are of two kinds namely,
regular or normal and ddpsntitiOus or Ia.
tent.
81. Regular leaf.buds are formed at the
axill@ Of leaves.
SO. They are organs capable Of propa-
eating the individual from which they origi-
nate.
SO. They are at first nourished by the
Auid lying in the pith, but finally establish
for themselves q communication with the soil
BY the woody matter which they send down
ward.
80. Their force of development will be
in proportion to their nourshment aud.
consequently, when it is wished to procure
young shoot Of unusual vigor, all other shoots
in the vicinity are prevented growing, so as
70 accumulate for one shoot only all the food
that would otherwise have been consumed
by several.
81. Cutting back to few eyes Is an
operation in pruning to produce the same ef-
feet, by directing the sap, as it ascends, into
two or three buds only instead oil allowing it
70 expend itself upon all the others which are
cut away.
go. When leaf buds grow, they develop
in three directions the one horizontal, and
the other upwards, aud the third downwards.
| 90. The horizontal development is con-
fined to the cellular system OF the bark, pith,
and medullary rays.
"a. The upward and downward develop
ments are confined to the woody fibre aud
vascular tissue.
95. In this respect they resemble seed
from which they differ physloogcally in pro-
pagating the individual, while seeds can on
ly propagate the species.
90. When they disarticulate from the
stem that bears them, they are called Buds.
81. In some plants bud when separat-
ed from its stem will grow and form new
plant if placed in circumstances favorable to
the preservation Of its vital powers.
SO. But this property seems confined to
plants having firm, woody, perennial stem.
80. Such buds, when detached from their
parent stem, send roots downwards and stems
upwards.
100. But if the buds are not separated
from the plant to which they belong, the
matter they send downwards becomes wood
and liber, aud the stems they send upwards
become branches. Hence it is said that
wood and liber are formed by the roots OF
leaf.buds.
101. If no leaf.buds are called int ac-
ton, there will be no addition of wood and
consequently, the destruction or absence OF
leaf.buds is accompanied by an absence of
wood as is proved by shoot, the upper
buds Of which are destroyed aud the lower
allowed to develop. The lower part Of. the
shoot will increase in diameter; the upper
will remain Of its original dimensions.
102. The quality of wood, therefore, de-
pends upon the quality of leat.buds that de-
velop.
103. 1t is of the greatest Importance to
bear this in mind in pruning timber trees;
for excessive pruning must necessarily be in-
furious to the quantity OF produce.
l04. liza cutting with leaf-bud on it be
placed in circumstances fitted to the develop
nent Of the latter, it will grow and become
; new plant.
105. If this happens when the cutting is
inserted in the earth, the new plant is said
by gardeners to be Npon its oUH bottom
log. Bat if it happens when the cutting
is applied to the discovered end OF another
l individual, called a stock, the roots are in
sinuated into the tissues of the stock and it
is said to be grated, the cutting being
called scion.
10Y. There is, therefore, little difference
? between cuttings and scious, except that the
former root into the earth, the latter into
another plant.
los. But if a cutting Of the same plant
without leaf.bud upon it be placed in the
same circumstances, it will not grow, but
will die.
l09. Unless its vital powers are sufficient
to enable 1t to develop an adveutitous leaf
, bud.
1I0. A leaf.bud separated from the stem
will also become new individual, If Its Vi
D tai energy is sufficiently powerful.
III. And this whether it is planted In
} earth, into which it roots like cutting, or a
new individual, to which it adheres and
' grows like scion. In the former case it is
called an eye, in the latter bud.
liz. Every leaf-bud has, therefore, its
own distinct system OF life and Of growth.
Il3. And as all the leaf.buds of an indi-
! vidual are exactly alike, it follows that
I plant is collection of great number OF
! distinct identical systems Of lie, aud, conse-
! quently, compound individual.
!, la. Regular leaEbuds being generated
in the axil@ Of the leaves, it is there that
t they are always to be sought
4 lis. And If they cannot DO discovered by
: ocular inspection, it may nevertheless be al
n ways inferred with confidence that they Sx-
: ist in such situations, aud may possibly be
! called from their dormaAt state into life.
ll6. Hence, wherever scar Of a leaf, or
tho remains Of 4 leaf, can be discovered,
- there it is to DO understood that tae rud-
!, ments exist Of system OF life which may
Il be, by favorable circumstances, called into
8 action.
y III. Hence, all parts upon which leaves
q have ever grown may be made use of for
purposes of propagation.
lis. From these considerations 1t appears
u that the most direct analogy between the
is Animal and Vegetable kingdoms is with the
a Polypi Of the former.
1l9. Adventitious leaf. buds are 10 all re-
:. spects like regular leai.buds except that
Is they are not formed at the axil &c of leaves,
'r but develop occasionally from all aud any
sr part Of plant.
ia l20. They arc occasionally produced by
A roots, by solid wood, aud even by leaves aud
- flowers.
10 12l. Hence roots, solid wood, or even
y leaves and flowers, may be used as means Of
N propagation.
s. l22. But as the development Of adventi-
r. tions buds is extremely uncertain, such means
Of propagation can never be calculated on,
and form no part Of the science Of cutiva-
"a ton.
It l23. The cause Of the formation Of adven.
. tihous lsaf-buds is unknown,
. % l2l. From certain experiments it appears
"a Nkak tka. u,.v ~ h. "A H.. -. =.