National Republican., 1875-12-08

| OF ma ntaining such means Of commun cation.
| great, possibly not too large at the tins for
| proper remuneration for so hazardous aad SO
1t was, however, a heavy charge upon a means
OF communication which the progress In the social
be a necessity, and the obtaining of this French
concession showed that other capital than that
already invested was ready TO enter into compe-
tiion, with assurance of adequate return for their
| outlay. Impressed with the conviction that the
interests, not only of the people Of the United
States but of the world at large, demanded, or
would demand the multiplication of such means |
of communication between separated continents. 1t
be made but certain provisions OF tbIs concession
were deemed by me TO be Objectionable, particu- |
larly one which gave for long term Of years the
exclusive right of telegraphic communication by |
submarine cable between the shores of France |
and the United States. could not concede that |
any Power should claim the right to land cable
on tine shores of the United States, and at the |
same time deny to the United States or its citizens
grantees an equal right TO land cable on its
shores. The right TO control the conditions for
waters Of the United States to oconnect our shores
with those of any foreign state, pertains exclu-
sively TO the Government OF the United States. |
under such limitations and conditions as Congress
In the absence of legislation by Congress. was
unwilling on the hand TO yield to a foreign |
on ' our shores while Il denied Similar Fight to
our people to land on its shores, and the other
hand was reluctant TO deny TO the great inter
ests of the world and of civilization the facilities
of such communication as were proposed. There |
fore withheld any resistance TO the landing Of the
cable condition thai the offensive monopoly fea-
tUre Of the concession be abandoned, and that the
right Of any cable which may be established by |
authority of this Governmental land upon French
territory and to connect with French land lines,
and enjoy all the necessary facilities privileges
incident TO the use thereof upon favorable terms
any other company, be conceded As the result |
| thereof the company, in question renounced the
| exclusive privilege, and the representative Of |
France was informed that, understanding this re-
linquishment to be construed as granting the
tire reciprocity and equal facilities which had been
| cable was withdrawn The cable under this
| French concession was landed in the month Of |
July, 1861 and has been an efficient and valuable
agent of communication between this country and
| the other continent.
| 1t soon passed under the control. however, Of |
| those who had the management of the cable con;
| Meeting Great Britain with this continent, and
| thus whatever benefit to the public might have |
| ensued from competition between the two lines |
was lost leaving only the greater facilities of an
additional line, and the additional security in
| case of accident to one of them. But these in
creased facilities, and this additional security, to-
! gether with the control of the combined capital
Of the two companies, gave also greater power to
SO limit the control of telegraphic communication
between tho two continents to those possessing |
the lines already laid. Within q few months |
past a cable has been laid, known as the United
| States Direct Cable Company, connecting the
| United States directly with Great Britain. AS
as this cable was reported to be laid and in
working order, the rates Of the then existing con-
| solidated companies were greatly reduced. Soon,
| however, a break was announced in this new
cable, and Immediately the rates of the other line,
| which had been reduced, were again raised This
| be reduced by either line from those formerly |
charged by the consolidated companies.
HOW TO GUARD AGAINST NoSoPoLIEs.
There is reason to believe that large amounts of |
capital, both at home and abroad, are ready to |
seek profitable investment in the advancement of
this useful and most ciVilizng means Ofintercourse
| and correspondence They await however, the |
assurance of the means and conditions on which |
they may safely be made tributary to the general
good. As these cable telegraph lines connect |
fnfn Nlnf-o
| ganZatiOn and control which probably can be |
best if not solely, settled by conventions between
the respective States. In the absence, however,
of international conventions on the subject mu- |
nicipal legislation may secure many points which |
b inc i o,ns not tFe IOr
which may result from monopoly of the right Of |
operating cable telegrams or from combination |
j. No line should be allowed to land on the |
shores of the United States under the concession
from another Power, which does not admit the |
right of any other line or lines formed in the |
United States to land and freely connect with and
operate through its land lines.
2. No line should be allowed to land on the |
shores .Of the United States which is not by |
treaty stipulation with the Government from
character, otherwise to the satisfaction Of this
Government, prohibited from consolidating or
line or combining Herewith for the purpose of |
regulating and maintaining the cost of telegraph
s. All lines should be bound to give precedence ;
in the transmission Of the official messages of the
Governments OF the two countries between which
il may be laid.
4. power should be reserved to the two Gov
ernments, either conJointly or to EACH as regards
the messages dispatched from its shores to fix
limit to the charges to be demanded for the trans
mission Of messages
present this subject TO the earnest consdera-
In the meantime and unless Congress otherwise
direct shall not oppose the landing Of any tele-
the points above enumerated but will feel it my
duty to prevent the landing Of any which does not
,fOr tnf fhaH HrGf and 0Nnd
and which will not stipulate to cOncede to this
Government the precedence in the Transmission of
its official messages, and will not enter into sat
isfactOry arrangement with regard TO its charges.
THE NATURALIZATION LAWS.
Among the pressing and important subjects to
which, in my opinion, the attention Of Congress
should be directed those relating TO fraudu-
lent naturalization and expatriation.
The United States, with great liberality, offers
with the reopirements Of Il IaS Tbese re1nikrs
ments are as simple, and upon as favorable terms |
TO the emgrant, as the high privilege to which he
is admitted can or should permit. / do not pro- |
pose any additional requirements to those which
the law now demands. But the very simplicity, |
have made fraudulent naturalization not infre- |
quent, to the diseredit and injury Of all honest
citizens, whether native or naturalized. Gases Of
this character continually being brought to
the notice Of the Government by our representa- |
u Ses aha asS THOSE 0
they have remained in this country long enough |
to entitle them to become naturalized, have gen |
returned to the country of their origin, where they
reside avoiding all duties to the United States by
their absence, and claiming to be exempt from all |
duties to the country Of their nativity and Of their
tiOn. '.a Il "a I'd --aE
1t is due 10 this Government itself, and to the |
great mass Of the naturalzed citizens who en- |
tirely, both in name and in fact, become citizens
Of the United States, that the high privilege Of |
citizenship Of the United States should not be held
by fraud, or in derogation OF the laws and of the
cas- haa brnf tn he EOOt adj NJ i
the Government that certificates of naturalization
are held and protection or interference claimed by
within the United States at the time Of the pre- |
tended naturalization, but that they have never
resided in the United States in others. the eerth-
cate and record of the court show on their face
that the person claiming to be naturalzed had not
Others II Is admitted. upon examination. that the
requirements Of law have not been complied with; |
in some eases even, such certificates have been
TheSe are not isolated cases. arising at rare fn- |
tervals, but of common occurrence, and which are
reported from all quarters Of the globe. Such oc-
currences cannot, and do not, fail to reflect upon
the Government and injure all honest citizens.
Such fraud, being discovered, however, there is
no practicable means within the control Of the
Government by which the record Of naturalization
up as IT usually Is by the diplomatic and Consular
representatives Of the Government, TO whom it
may have been presented, there is nothing to pre-:
vent the person claiming to have been naturalized
from obtaining new certificate from the court in |
place of that which has been taken from him. The
Il
currence that cannot too earnestly recommend |
that some effective measures be adopted to pro- |
vide proper remedy and means for the vacating |
of any record thus fraudulently made, and of pun
ishing the guilty parties to the transaction.
RIGHTS OF ExPATRIATIoN. r. |
In this connection, refer also to the question |
Of expatratiOn and the election of nationality.
The United States was foremost in upholding |
the right Of expatration, and was principally in
strumental in oyerthrowing the doctrine Of per-
petual allegiance. Congress has declared the |
right of expatriation TO be natural and inherent
right Of all people but while many other nations
have enacted laws providing what formalities
shall be necessary 10 work change Of allegiance,
the United States have enacted no provisions Of |
law, and have in no respect marked out how and |
when expatriation may be accomplished by their |
citizens. Instances Ere brought 10 the attention
Of the Government where citizens Of the United 4
States. either naturalized or natiye-born, have |
formally became citizens or subjects Of foreign |
Powers but who, nevertheless, in the absence Of
any provisions Of Legislation on this question, |
when involved in difficulties or when IL seems TO |
be their interest, claim to be citizens Of the Uni
ted States, and demand the Intervention Of Gov L
eminent which they have long since abandoned, |
and to which for years they have rendered no SER |
vice nor held themselves In any way amenabIe. /
In other cases naturalEed citizens Immediately |
have returned their native