National Republican., 1875-11-11

1t is to be hoped that In THIS way py voluntary
effort enough may be accomplished to show the
value and importance of the work, and to induce
the Government to take 1t up and make 1t COM
Schedules have been prepared in such a way
as to apply to all cities Of five thousand iphabl-
tants and upwards, and relate to the following
A-LOcation, population and climate.
B-ToPography and geology.
C-Water supply.
D-Drainage and sewerage.
E-Strests and public grounds.
G-Gas and lighting.
H-Garbage and exereta.
I-Markets and food supply.
K-Slaughter houses and abbatoirs.
L-MaHufactures and trades.
M-Schools and school buildings.
N-Hospitals and public charities.
O-Police, prisons and crimes.
P-Fire Establishments.
Q-Cemeteries and burial.
R-Public health laws, regulations and oficials
S-Registration and statistics Of disease.
T-Quarantine.
tions have been prepared concerning every point
as far as possible. 1t is unnecessary to enlarge
upon the interest and nature which the informa-
tion called for by these questions would have, II
collected with any reasonable degree Of complete
ness. 1t would establish the foundation of q
NATIONAL PUBLIC HYGIENE
in this country, and would be the landmark from
this T association should undertake the WORK
through its own officers is the question now Pre-.
sented. Ia
CITY, the report referred 10 the executive COM
miItee of the association, with Instructions TO ap
point o special committee, whose duty 1t shall be
10 carry into effect the plan for systematic san-
tary survey of the United States, and the execu-
tive committee were instructed 10 memorialize
Congress to detail an officer Of the army who,
under the direction Of the Surgeon General OF
the army, shall o-operate with said committee in
the prosecution OF It's duties.
Dr. W. O. Van Bibber, OF Baltimore, read a
paper on the necessity for, and selection OF, sum-
ner resorts for the different classes of people,
Fak fol I'D hsro m ~ nd
lands tf Orange county, N. Y, and Sussex
county, N. J., and the sanitary and economic i'm
lSnss Eoot State S GeoIoais. Of Of New Jsfsey O' O
DR.. Sanford b. Hunt, OF New jersey, read
paper on
SOIL DRAINAGE
and atmospheric humidity, considered with ref
erepce to their influence on health and disease.
DR.. Hunt said In the propagation of the epidemic
zymotics there are three principal factors. !.
Epidemic constitution Of the air. 2 A high rel:
Of either Of them Will ordinarily raralyze tne en-
ergies Of the other two. There are exceptions
Ihs two r;t are uneOatT0,a0e b,S IN any consider
withdrawn by atmospheric changes the disap-
pearance Of the epidemic proves their Importance
poison cannot carry on an epidemic. Again re-
move the soil poison, and the epidemic constitu-
ton Of the air becomes almost and generally en-
the other causations, is always under the control
| Of human agencies. A dry atmosphere is q
f Of aymStic Diseases. fhs foregoing prOpOstiOns
were treated at length BY DR.. Hunts paper.
! Prof II. r. Noel, Of Baltimore, read paper on
sewer gas as cause Of diPhtneris, memoranous
Group and typho material diseases,
Adjourned until $50 O'Clock.
| BALTIMORE, Nov. lo-The afternoon session
was begun Dy TsPSEs, % On rsad SH sS EEhs
| L. Viele, civil engineer OF New YORK. Inls
paper was one Of tho most interesting and yalua-
| Bile yet read before the association, taking Q
practical view Of the subjects treated Of, which
| interest every community. Gen. Nlele SAID the
relative value Of these three dransge seWetsge
i engineering cannot be readily determined, since
they are controlled by circumstances which differ
yentiye measures is found in the record Of vital
statistics where communities are too often forced
to go for that knowledge which they VIII only
| accept at dear bought experience Inc
PREVAILING IGNORANCE
i on sanitary matters is almost incredible. While,
| with rare intelligence and power, mankind has
| accomplished wonderful results and applied 10
useful purposes the latent forces Of nature to an
eStraofdinary degree there exists an almost total
| want Of knowledge concerning those sanitary laws
which govern our whole being, and the most 20.
| tent arguments for the removal OF those subtle
| Influences for evil which spring up on every hand
and accumulate by neglect are the calamities
to undersi aud and obey the simplest laws Of
health The history Of that terrible seourge, the
cholera in the periodic clrcies w1icn mas
shows that its path has always been marked out
in advance by the wholesale neglect Of the ordl
| Of health. The paper next spoke Of the RESPONSE
blity attached to those in authority In connection
with sanitary improvements, and the legacy Oh
ACCUMULATED EVILS
handed down to the future through tneis negiec
| Drainage sewerage and water supply are tht
| cardinal points OF sanitary improvement tht
that should be considered. They require in thsil
treatment the most careful study, the most com
plete laws and thorough wOIkmsnshpd d tr;ng There
mean the same thing, or II there is any differences
IT s that sewerage is applied to cities and drain
| been the cause OF a great deal Of mortality Il
large cities. This has been notably the case i
New sVIk nf ciris ss mpsoys%ent. has untl Withil
/ the last few years, been entirely ignored Z
drain is conduit or passage way ior water, mao
cement or mortar, admitting percolation OF water
and having SUFFICIENT descent to convey TO
GENERAL oUTFALL.
1t is intended to remove from the soil the super
sDi@Si snd 0ve VeEstsbIe dscOIposOu. whic
yitiates the afr, creating poisonous malaria, Wnicn
through respiration, is conveyed % the lungs, an
| thus into tie blood. As o preventive saniter
measure, drainage takes the hrst rank IN IN
| operations OF a sanitary engineer. The capaclt
sidered. with proper modes Of drainage. Differ
| ent localities require different methods, and IN
Of eS1n Or Il abe4e WaesS IL RRs
4
| is in danger of pollution, as In larger cities
| sewer is . close conduit Of masonry, tile or no
UNDERGROUND to carry of surface water or liquine
refule Of dwellings. From its very nature It car
not be drain, as ~ "a 70
WATER CANNOT PERcoLATE
| in It, nor can drain be converted into sewer,
the refuse liquid would pereolate into the earti
| polluting wells and springs. Sewerage Is depenl
ent for It's successful accomplishment on existenc
. Of water supply, an ample quantity Of wafer oein
, | absolutely necessary for flushing. sewers COZ
| structed without proper descent or USED Wltnou
sufhcient quantity Of water for nushing are sts
| ply elongated cesspools and pubic nulsances, an
without ventilation are huge retorts, In whic
| the most poisonous gases are daily distilled an
forced into all the dwellings connected wit
, | them. The problems OF sewerage are much moi
complicated than most people are aware. In IN
, question, which appears 50 simple, are involve
CLOSEST MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS,
!, | the strictest formulas Of hydraulics, the nice
elements Of chemistry, and most careful mete
rological observations. The removal Of seWerae
matter from dwellings and its final disposluol
: the chemical action Of sewer gases and our ssM
| system, were fully and ably considered py Ge
Z Viele. On this last subject, the report says;
Is o matter Of serious confederation WnetneL ~
not the imperative duty Of eaen Of tne s MseUn
!. to take some steps for testing the pneumatic y
tenn In America II It shall be found to wol
a | here as successfully as It Gas been conaucteo
nosition we occupy as . civilized and intellige
people that this system shouio De suosutuleo
the present
!, pEyFcr1vE AND DANeERcus METHOD
: | of removing excremated refuse. The pneumaf
y system was described. after which the repo
treated at length Of water supply.
n | Prof. Kedzie, n. D., OF the Agricultural W
!. | lege Of Michigan, read paper on the use
i peisons IN agriculture and horticulture.
d DR.. Alien MeLene Hamilton, of New York re-