The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1875-12-17

vacating Uf any order thus fraudulently made.
aud punishing the guilty parties to the transac-
tiOn.
In this connection refer also to the question OF
expatriatton and the election or nationality The
United states was foremost In upholdlng the
right OF eNDatriation and was principally instru.
mental In Overtnrowing the doctrine OF perpetual
allegiance. Congress has declared the right OF
expatriatlOn to he q natural and Inherent right
Of all people but while many other nations have
enacted laws providing what fOrmalities shall be
necessary to work q change OF allegiance, the
United states has enacted no provisions OF law,
and has In no respects marked ont how and when
cXpatriation may be accomplished by It's citizens
Instances are bropgnt to the attention Of the
government where citizens " the United states
whether naturazed OF native born have formally
become citizens or subjects or foreign powers
but who, nevertheless, III the absence Uf any
provision OF legislation on this question, which
Involved in diilcultics or when u seems TO be TO
their Interest claim tp be citizens of the United
States and demand the Intervention OF govern
inent which they have long since aband0ned,and
TO whtcn for years they Dave rendered no service
nor held themselves IN any way amenaole. In
other cases naturaliLed citizens after naturaliza-
ton, have returned 10 their native country have
become engaged In business, have accepted
offices or pursuits Inconsistent with American
citizenship, and evince 10 intent to return TO the
United states until called upon TO discharge
Ing, when at once they assert their ci henship
ment TO AID them In their unjust pre,entons, IL
IS but Justice 70 all bona tde citizens that no
doubt should exist on such questions and that
congress should determine by enactment of law
how expatriation may be accomplished, and
change Of citizenship be established.
regulating by law the status Of American wo-
men who marry foreigners, and OF defining more
fully that Of children born In foreign country
OF American parents who may reside abroad and
also OF some further provisions regulating or
citizens contracted in foreign countries The
c1rresp )ndence submitted herewith shows few
OF % the constantly constantly occurring Questions on these
government There are few subjects 10 engage
the attention OF congress on which more delicate
relations or more Important interests are de-
pendent.
the FINANCE QUESTION.
Too much stress cannot be laid upon this ques-
tion, and hope congress may bo induced at the
earliest day Practicable 70 ensure the cOnSumrnd
tOn OF the act OF the last congress at It's last
sion to bring about specie resumption on and af-
ter the first day OF January 1879 at the farthest.
II would be great blessing II this could be con-
summated even at an earlier day. Nothing seems
TO me more certain than that fun, healthy and
permanent reaction cannot take pl ace In favor OF
the industries and financial welfare OF the coun-
try until we return to a measure OF value recog-
ni2ed throughout the civilized world. While we
use currency not equivalent u this standard,
the worlds recognized standard, specie becomes
commodity Ike the products OF the soil the
surplus seeking q market wherever there is a de-
Hand for It, Under our present system should
that customs dues must be paid In coin, and be-
cause Of the pledge TO pay the interest OF the pub
lie debt In coin, The yield OF precious metals
would flow out for the purchase OF foreign pro-
ducts ami leave the United states hewers OF wood
tion on the subject OF finance by the nations with
whom we have dealings. am not prepared to
say that can suggest the best legislation to Sc
cure The end most heartily commended. II will
be source OF great qualification TO Inc to be able
to appro' any measures " Congress looking ef-
fcctlvely toward securing resumption. Unlimit-
ed Imitation would probably bring about specie
payments more speedily than any legislation
looking TO the redemption OF the legal tenders In
coin, but 1t would be at the expense OF no value,
beyond settling present liabilities, or, properl,
speaking, reppdatns them. They would buy
nothing after debts were all settled. There are
few measures which seem too important In this
connection. anu which commend to your earn
est consideration. repeal OF SO much OF the le-
gal tender act AS makes these notes receivable
for debts contracted after a date to be fixed In
the act ITSELF say not later than the first OF Janu-
ary, 1871. We should then have quotations at
real values, not fictitious ones. Gold would be 10
4 healthy reaction would set In at ce,and with
II a desire TO make the currency equal what It
purports to be. The merchants, manufacturers
and landsInen Of every calling could do business
on fair margin OF profit, the money TO be recev-
ed having an unvarying value. Laborers and all
classes who work Tor stipulated pay, salary,
could receive more for their income, because eX-
ira profit would no longer be charged by capital
alton on the value OF the currency second, that
the Secretary OF the Treasury be authorized TO
redeem, sav hot to exceed two millions OF dollars
monthly, OF legal tender notes, by issuing In their
stead long bond bearing interest at the rate OF
three and slxty-nve hundredth per cent per an
TO one thousand dollars. This would in time
duce the legal tender notes 10 u volume that
could be kept ailOat without demanding Tedemp-
ton In large sums suddenly. Third, that addi-
tlOnal power be given 10 the Secretary OF the
treasury 10 accumulate 6Olu lOf maj redemption
either by increasing the revenue, or curtailing
expense, or both, ana recommend that reduC-
tlon OF expenditures be made wherever II can be
done without impairing the government obllg.-
tions or crippling the due execution thereof.
THE DUTY ON TEA AND coFpER.
one measure for Increasing the revenue, and
the only one think OF, Is the restoration OF the
duty on tea and coffee. These duties would add
probably ilS00O,000 TO the present amount receiy-
ed from Imports and would In no way increase
the prices paid for those articles by the consum-
erS,
THE BLACK HILLS COUNTRY.
The discovery OF gold In tie Black Hills, poy-
tiOn Of the Sioux reservation, has had the etrcct
10 induce q large emigration or miners 10 that
point. Thus far the etfOrt 10 protect the treaty
cessfu but the next year VIII certainly witness
large increase OF such emigration. The nego-
tiatons for the REIMBURSEMENT OF the gold teids
having failed, IL viii be LETT FOR Congress TO adopt
some measures 10 relieve the embarrassment
growing out OF the cases named The Secretar.
OF the Interior suggests that those supplies now
appropriated FOR the sustenance OF that people
being no longer obligatory under the treaty Of
loSs, but simply gratrlty, may oe issued or
Withheld at discretion.
THE LAND OFPicE
The report OF the general land orice shows that
there We're 2I.sGs 60 acres less disposed ~ dur
one-haf OF this decrease was in lands disposed OF
under the homestead and timber culture laws.
The causes Of this decrease are supposed 10 be
found in the grasshopper plague, and the druutls
which prevailed SO extensively IN some OF The
frontier states and territories during that tms as
TO discourage and deter entries by actual settlers.
The cash receipts were less by $3.50, ,S32. IL than
during the preceding year. The entire surveyed
area OF the public domain Is 6s30o3,Ust acres, OF
which 22GII ,53i acres were surveyed during the
past year, leaving ,1es acres unsurveyed.
The report or the commissioner presents many
Interesting suggestions In regard TO the manage
ment and disposition OF the public domain ard
h e mc Of esstng the R
careful consideration OF Congress.
TIE PENSION LIST.
The number OF pensioners still continues TO de-
crease, the highest number having been reached
during the year ending June 8 :, 1873. During the
last year II ,5aI names were added 10 the rolls and
1877 we're dropped thereirOm, showing a net de-
crease o. l'+2o ,c., Ut While @ the number OF pen,
the pensiOn-rolls has increased 50, IS3' This is
caused by the realty Increased average rate of
pensions which by the liberal Legislation OF Con-
greSs has increl sed from s9o,36 IN 1874 TO $o3Si
IN 1919, 20 each invalid penSioner, an increase In
the average rate OF fifteen per cent IN the three
wears. During the year ending June 30, 1915
theio was paid. on account OF pensions, In
eluding expenses of Disbursements s29 6S3 be-
ing $9lO,632 less than was paid the preceding
year, This reduction in the amount or expendi'
lures was produced, but the decrease In the
amount Of aIrearages due on all lowed claims aud
on PENSIONS the rate OF which was increased by
the legislation OF the preceding session OF Con
gress, and NJ the clos, OF the fiscal year there
were on the pension rolls 2S+ sci persons, OF whom
2lo,3 were army pensioners-lO6,4Is being inva-
lids, and Ot, SSo widows and dependent relatives;
a42O were navy pensioners, OF whom l,6ss were
invalids, and Lisa widows and dependent rela-
tlvts; 81, IS were pensioners Of the war OF 1919,
lS,S75 Of whom were survivors, and b,l63 were
widows. II II estimated that f2s, i35, 90 will be
required for the payment OF pensions for the next
fiscal year an amount 1865 900 less than the esli-
mate for the present year.
TuE oBSrgssIAL CELEBRATION.
The board HERETOFORE appointed 20 take charge
OF the artic eS and materials pertaining to the
war, the navy, the treasury, the Interior and the
pOst.on departments, and the department OF
agriculture, The smithsonian institute and the
der the legislation OF the last session, TO the In
ternational exhibition, 70 be held at Philadelphia
during the Centennial year 1870, has been dill
gent In the discharge OF tho duties which have
deVOlved upon II, aud the progress so far made
WIN the lleans at command, give assurance that
the governmental contribution will be made me
OF the marked characteristics OF the exhibition.
The board has observed commendabe economy
IN the matter OF the erection Of buildings for tho
governmental exhibit tNo expense OF which it
Is estimated will not exceed say SsO $50. This
amount has been Withdrawal under the law from
the appropriations Of tive Of the principal de-
paTtHIupth, which leaves some or those depart l.
mtnta, which leaves solne OF these departments
without suiiicent means 10 render their respect,
I've practical exhibits complete anu satisfactory
The exhibition being an International Que, and
the government being voluntary contributor
Il Is my opinion THAI ils contribution should
be OF cAarSrtpJ ln quality aud extent &
HusLaln the dignity aud credit Of 80 distinguished
u contributor The advantages 70 the country o
actedltaDle display In an International point u
view Is Of the first importance, while an indiffer
cnt, or uncieditAble pNrtiClpptiOu BY Tie govern