davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
Thrush.

The present stoppage of thrush is seldom
difficult, but to prevent its recurrence is not
so easy always for the part having once
taken on this action, easily falls into it again.
Almost any astringeut substance will check
the suppurative action Of the vascular frog,
as solutions of white, green or blue vitriol,
alum, common salt, etc. Half an ounce Of
finely powdered white vitrIol, mixed with
four ounces of common tar, is an excellent
application. Before the introduction of this,
the frog should be carefully inspected, and
all decaying parts removed, so that the intro
duction of the mixture may be facilitated and
the disposition to harbor filth and moisture
prevented, the whole frog may then be smeared
over with the mixture, but more particularly
a small piece Of tow should be charged with
it, and, by means of a small wooden spatula,
pressed to the bottom of the cleft Of the
frog, and also into every other fssure that
may exist. The dressing should be repeated
about twice a week. [Spirit Of the Times.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
Curing Fodder Corn.

The Ohio Farmer gives the following ac-
count of novel method of raising and cur
ing fodder corn. 1t occurs to us that fodder
corn cut in that way must be ugly stuff to
handle:
A farmer in Ontario county, N. Y, sowed
oats broadcast, in the usual amount and then
drilled in corn, using three bushels of corn
to one of oats. When the oats were ripe,
the whole crop was cut like grass, and the
dry oat straw, absorbing the moisture of the
stalks, rendered the whole easily cured. One
of our correspondents, last year stated that
he cured his fodder by placing it in the
NOW between alternate layers OF dry straw,
and that his cattle and horses devoured the
straw with as much relish as the fodder. As
corn fodder is a difficult thing to cure when
cut green, these suggestions should be acted
upon, when fodder is put in the barn.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
Artificial HoneYcomb.

Under the head of Trade Novelties" the
American Grocer says: John Long, the
honey man, has given the bees healthy lift
by inventing what he calls artificial comb
foundation, by putting which into new
hive, the bees will be much obliged, and take
hold and, build up the sides of the cells Just
as natural as life. 1t is, of course, wax,
made, say six inches wide, l6 inches long,
and the cells one.sixteenth of an inch deep,
at one dollar a pound. When it is taken
into consideration that there arc 10000 bee
keepers in the United States, and that the
single county Of San Diego, California, pro-
duces 900 tons, and that Liebeg says it takes
20 lbs of honey to make one pound Of wax,
il will be seen that this foundation start for
them is a wonderfully clever idea.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

our success in butter making depends upon
the quality and cleanliness of the milk il
takes but very little dust from the barn to
spoil tub of butter.
The next step is to have the milk room
far enough from the kitchen TO be entirely
shut away from the fumes there. 1 think
deep setting produces the incest cream, be-
cause there is less surface TO dry, and the
cream is very smooth and even but it is
not as convenient for us, so we take the next
best = the Jewett pan. A thermometer
should hang 10 the room, and be kept as near
90 degrees as possible, in winter; and from
90 to SO in summer. The milk room must
be kept perfectly clean aud sweet circula-
tiOn of fresh air is necessary, and plenty of
light. Do not let the wind blow directly
upon the milk, as il will dry the surface of
the cream.
After the milk has stood 36 hours, re.
move the cream into cans, and cover, but
not 80 tightly as to exclude the air A pan
turned over the eau is better than to have
the cover shut down tight, Give the cream
thorough stirring twice day, and let it
stand from "a to 80 hours before churnng.
We use the Blanchard churn, bat think no
churn can make nicer butter, or bring it in
better shape for washing, than the dash churn.
When the cream is churned its temperature
should not be above GO in winter, and 56 or
| 5S in summer. The butter should not be
gathered in a solid mass, but left in small
lumps so as to cleanse it from the butter
milk with as little working as possible.
II necessary to color the butter, use the
juice of carrots; but better way is to have
the cows do their own coloring, by high feed
ing, aud add a new-milch COW to your num-
ber every four or five days This can be
easily managed in dairy of 40 or so COWS,
when you wish to make butter through the
winter. Wash the butter with as little
workipgas possible in butter worker until the
water looks quite clear; then with paddle and
butter-pestle work the butter quite dry be-
fore salting. A linen cloth slightly wet will
aid very much in sponging the water from
the butter. l cannot tell what kind OF
salt is the best. have never had
sufficient experience with the different
kinds to decide have never had any Ashton
salt that was quite satisfactory; presume 1t
is counterfeted some. We use three-tourths
ounce Of salt to one pound Of butter and
work it in as evenly as possible, but great
care must be taken not to work the butter
too much.
After sailing let the butter stand until
the next morning and then work again and
sponge it dry as possible pack it in tub
previously soaked four or five days in strong
brine; take great care to pack solid, leaving
nP space for air; it will keep better ant
look much nicer when turned out OF the tub
make the surface as smooth as possible, then
spread over cloth the size of the top o
the tub, and press it down upon the butter
with your hand until the print of the cloth j:
left uponthe whole surface, sprinkle over the
top little salt; il the market is not very
good, keep in cool, dry cellar.
Mps n Iocup
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Large Pans.

In the FARMER Of July Both, was an ar
ticle on pans by a Franklin county farmer.
The gentoman's arguments are of pecu-
mary character aud SAVIOR strongly of merce-
nary motives. Ifhe believes in converting
woman into drudge for the mere purpose
of boarding money, if work and the almighty
dollar are his highest conception Of life, it
the ease and comfort of his wife are to be
Ignored, then | advise him to cling to his
ten.quart system. 1t would not be best for
man whose soul is measured by the dollars
he possesses to be to the expense Of proeur-
ing large pans.
1t would not be advisable for them to d.
verge from the ancestral path, though it be
in circle worn smooth by the travel of de-
luded farmers. Customs, old aud tried, that
require only physical, not mental, exertion
are considered good enough by too large O
percentage Of our farmers. They treat new.
tangled inventions with scorn and eOntemp
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

Dairy farmers whose cows do not lie in
the pasture nights ind it necessary to sus-
tain the fertility Of the soil of the pastures
by the application of fertilizers. There is
nothing better than well rotted, fine, barn.
yard manure, spread evenly on the surface.
The weather this season is favorable for any
surface application. If no barn-yard manure
is available, some concentrated fertilizer will
answer the purpose; what shall be used de-
pending in each case upon the nature of the
soil, the means of purchasing and other cir
cumstances. No fertilizer is more certain,
or lasting, than wood ashes. None is
cheaper. There is no cheating in the manu-.
facture. We have had the best success with
ashes on dry land. Bone dust is valuable
fertilizer. Burned bones, ground as fine as
possible in common mill and composted
with ashes make a fertilizer OF great value
They are more readily available if made into
suPsrphOsPhates. But superphOsphates some
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
-A"S's-
Protection Wanted by Farmers,

The Bracken county (Ky,) Chronicle is
speaking out in school, and says; Some of
the farmers in Bracken are extremely anx-
ious to commence raising sheep, as in former
years, but fear to undertake it on account of
the innumorable number Of worthless ours
that are running at large in and through the
county. 1t has been frequently the expe-
rience of the sheep raisers OF Braoken in
former years to have their entire flock de-
stroyed in one night by dogs. Sheep raising
il profitable aud beneficial, not only to the
farmer, but to the consumers generally, aud
it is great pity that we are to be deprived
Of the benefits Of raising sheep on account Of
something that is entirely worthless. Cant
this thing be remedied, and tho hills Of
Bracken once more present the enterprising
and profitable aspect Of AOcks Of sheep feed
ing or resting beneath the shade Of trees
unharmed and unmolested2 Set your head
together, farmers, grangers and business
men, and come to conclusion as to whai
you will do.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
What one Farmer has Done.

A correspondent of the Mirror and Far
mer writes of Hon w arren Brown, of Hamp-
ton Falls, N. H.:
A few years since the high portion of his
farm cut about half ton of hay per acre,
aud the lower ground was covered with
marsh hay which they frequently carried off
on hay poles. Now, on his 60 acres Of
moving land, he will cut, Judge, over 100
tons of the best of English hay. Tiles, mus
cles, manure and brains have wrought the
change His grass is worth, | judge, over
S25 per acre as it stands. He sells much
hay, and yet makes SO much manure that be
hardly knows what to do with it. A new
barn has ventilated cellar and a smooth,
four-inch, concrete floor. What a shame
and untold loss to the state for our farming
population to diminish yearly and the young
men TO leave the farms. Put good paper
in every farmers family; let farming be
studied the same as any other pursuit Let
the farmers have no unjust burdens let
them be honored and respected let there be
a rival in farming for the sake, not only of
the agriculturist's interest, but for the good
Of all other useful industries, and last, but
not least, as the birthplace of those men and
women who are alone reared upon the farms
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
BREVlTIES.

The farmers at Ticonderoga, N. Y, have
converted their church into cheese factory,
and their race course into a COW pasture Tlf
material prosperity does not attend that
God-forsaken people it's because Of oleomar-
garine.l
There is an unusual demand for od.fashioned
grain-cradles in Iowa, this year, the copious
rains have made the ground too soft for the
reaping machines.
English gardeners now gladly pay four
shillings each for toads. They fud them the
best and cheapest destroyers of insects which
infest their plants.
The shad fisheries on the Hudson this year
are an unprecedented success. At one point,
the other day, the fishermen took 5000 in
twelve hours, where a few years ago 600
was considered large haul.
The Morgan horse, purchased thirty.one
years ago by the late Cyrus Reed, of Lex
ington, died February 10Th, at the great age
Of 43 years.
Recently band of sheep were running
along the edge of precipice back Of Mission,
San Jose, CAL, when the leader by some
means lost his footing and was hurled down
the steep declivity. The rest of the flock
followed to the number of 800, Or as esti-
mated by others, 1000 to 1900 head. All
that fell were instantly killed. Just the
way farmers sometimes do. All rush for
one thing.l
There is an unusually fue run of fish in the
upper Connecticut, this season, black bass,
with which the river has been stocked, of
four and five pounds weight, being quite
plentiful f; several muskalonge having been
lately taken, one weighing fifteen pounds.
We have grown wheat the past few years
from seed soaked in brine and rolled in ashes,
or slaked lime, and with decrease of
smut each year, the present years crop being
almost absolutely free from it. If grain
growers had no worse enemy to contend with
than smut they might be happy.
N. Il. Farmer.
The Gardener states that bran and buck
wheat -four will destroy cabbage worms
more effectualy than helebore, lime, salt or
any of the substances generally used. The
bran is simply busted over the infested cab
bages as soon as the worms make their ap-
pearance. Ii the worms are thick handful
of bran is required for each head. 1t must
be applied when the worms are young. The
buokwheat -four should be silted on from
sieve when the dew is on. 1t is probable
that wheat -four fine Indian meal or any
other pulveruleut farinaceous substance
would have the same effect.
1t is now certain that the reported dam
age by the recent western storms has been
greatly over-estimated. Reports from over
$50 points show that in Illinois, Iowa, In.
diana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ne
braska, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio and Dakota
the wheat crop Of 1875 will be in the aggre-
gate 65 per cent, oats 70 per cent and corn
81 per cent Of an average crop.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
AUGUST ~. 1875

and regard those engaged in their use as
lunatics.
But fail TO comprehend how any ration
al being can for one moment doubt the su-
periority Of the large over the small pans.
It is an undeniable fact that they are saw.
ing of one-quarter of the time and work re-
quired with small pans.
We are using the Jewett pan for the
third season without any of the drawbacks
mentioned by the Franklin farmer, excepting
occasionally damp floor preceding a rain,
and if compelled to purchase now each sea-
son we should consider the money we'll ex-
pended. F. EUGENE RICHARD.
St Johnsbury, Aug 8.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
The Value of our Fruit Culture.

f. II. Elliott, writer on horticulture,
has been collecting certain data in regard to
fruit culture, and gives the total market val
ue of the crop of the entire country at S57,-
100000. New York leads all the states in
amount with $7,000,000. Californias fig
ures are largest in proportion to population,
being s6,OOO,O00, this sum probably includ-
ing the yield from vineyards. The total
sum for the New England states is put at
100000, the individual states not being
itemized. In commenting on these figures
the San Francisco Bulletin, which already
claims that California is the leading wheat
growing state thinks that it will speedily
stand in the front as the greatest producer
of fruit, and holds that so far from being
overdone there, the fruit business is but in
its infancy.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

To make the best of butter it is essential
to have the very best of dairy COWS; they
must have good care, be kept clean, and fed
with the best of feed. That will produce
good butter. Great care must be taken to
keep the stables and barns as neat as pOssi-
BILE, and free from all impure Odors.
A dairyman should have a separate build-
ing for young calves and pigs. speak Of
this because it is SO difficult, especially in
the winter season, to produce milk that will
taste as pure as it does when the COW stays
in the pasture night and day. 0ne.half Of
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

times contain great deal Of matter of no
value, and very little bone. The Brighton
fertilizer Is highly commended by those who
have used it, Plaster, ashes and salt on
some soils have a surprising effect. A simple
dressing Of muck, or even soil of the same
field, will often cause rank growth Of grass.
Farmers can tell best what is the most
valuable aud economical fertilizer on their
soil by testing
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

SALT ON HAY.-At late meeting of the
Elmra farmers club, Prof Hoffman said l
want to enter my protest against the use
Of salt on hay, 1t will prevent the
barn from burning, but it damages the
hay. Cattle will eat salted hay, but
it is not good for them. | would rather use
lime ii one or the other must be used |
start with the proposition that the very best
feed for cows is grass, but we cannot have
grass in winter, so We make hay. The true
plan is to get that as near like grass as pos
sible. Let US combine bulk aud quality as
well as we can, and we shall be doing as we'll
by ourselves and our cattle as we can.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

The readers of the FARMER are informed
that we-that pronoun is used in its best
sense, as is usual in these columns-are as
we'll as could be expected. Those who are
interested, will be glad to know that "Bes-
sic" tips the beam at seven pounds eight,
and is smart as a kitten.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

We have from J. H. Stuflebean, secre-
tary, complimentary tickets to the tenth an
nual fair OF the Franklin County Agricul-
tural and Mechanical Society, to be held at
Sheldon, September $40.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

SAVE YoUR SOAPsUDs-A person who
would throw away barrel Of soft soap, or
a boxful of hard soap, would be called waste
fu, as such material will operate like au ex-
cellent fertilizer when spread around fruit
trees of any sort, or berry-bushos. After a
barrel of soap has been diluted, aud has
passed through the washtub, the elements OF
fertility in the mass will be even more val
liable to growing trees and plants than it
applied in any other manner.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

Capt L. X. Fuller, Fuller battery, ma
tional guard of Vermont sends compliment
tary tickets to the camp during muster list
regiment at Brattleboro, August 24-2S.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

The use of some absorbent in the stables,
pig.pens, privys, sink-drains, etc, is of the
utmost importance to the farmer, both in saw
ing valuable fertilizing materials and as
sanitary measure.
1t is the opinion of many good judges that
ifevery source of enriching material on every
farm was saved, protected from the elements
and compOsted with such substances as are
available, and applied to the soil, the pro-
duce of the land under cultivation in the
state would be doubled in few years. If
this was accomplished, we should hear no
more Of the poor return from farming.
Farmers would enjoy an abundance, such as
they have not dreamed Of Farming lands
would be in good demand. Farming would
be attractive. The boys and girls would be
willing to stay on the farm. Farmers would
be respected and houored. Are these things
worth striving for2
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

We have received from Messrs Samuel
Slater & Sons, Webster, Mass, catalogue
of the entire herd of thoroughbred and grade
Short-Ho cattle and Sussex-Down sheep,
to be sold at public auction on the grounds
of the Worcester agricultural society, Sep
tember 3D.. OF the thoroughbred Short
Horns there are 27 females and three bulls,
2l of the former being of the Varies family,
50 long celebrated as choice dairy cows and
noted as heifer breeders. There are also 95
grade ShOrt-Horns and 81 sheep.
This sale affords fine opportunity to OBJ.
tain really useful and valuable cattle.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
East Craftsbury, VT.

basb OTditbOuTyi W.
Those who have cut oats in the milk,
while the straw is quite green, and fed them
without threshing, speak in the highest terms
of their value as winter food, especially for
dairy COWS. When the cost of threshing is
taken into account, we are quite inclined to
the opinion that it is the best economy to
cut the oats in the milk if they are to be fed
on the farm.
Whether it would be better for the grass
to cut the oats 10 the milk would depend to
some extent on the season. Usually grain
is cut at the very worst time for the young
grass, letting the scorching sun down upon
the tender plants which have grown in the
shade. Ordinarily we should say that it is
quite as well for the grass to cut the grain
early 1t is great saving Of the elements
of fertility in the soil to cut the grain before
the seed forms.
There is no animal that makes better
return for food consumed than a good COW.
We think it pays to feed grain to cows. We
are not in the habit of feeding grain to
horses when idle or doing easy work, unless
we have to buy both hay and grain, then it
is cheapest to buy corn. There is great
difference in horses as to food.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

Hon Lewis f. Allen, Buffalo, N. Y, edi.
tor of the American ShOrt-Horn Herd Book,
announces that he is now ready te receive
pedigrees for record in the 18th volume. 1t
is intended to close the entries Of bulls by
October list, and those who delay forward
ing until the eleventh hour may be obliged
to allow their pedigrees to go into the sup
plcment. Cow pedigrees may be received
as late as November lst, soon after which
the book must go to press. Price of record
ing pedigrces one dollar each.
The produce of COWS purchased will be
recorded free when the COW is recorded as
the purchasers property. The death of re-
corded animals will be recorded free. The
death aud produce of recorded COWS will be
recorded in mortuary record for so cents.
A circular with full particulars and drec-
tiOns will be forwarded on application to Mr.
Allen, or Mr. W. r. Bailey, assistant editor,
Buffalo, N. Y.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27
For tho VERMONT FARMER.
Cutting Oats Green,-Feeding Grain to
Cows and Horses.

Given piece Of lOng-strswed oats, will
they rot be worth more to cut green and cure
for winter feed than they will to thresh ?
Would it rot give the grass better chance
and leave the ground in better condition 2
Is it good economy to feed grain to cows
and keep horses exclusively upon hay
A. ID. MARcKREs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

At Abilene, Kansas, is wheat field Of
1900 acres, the yield Of which is expected to
sell for $4,000.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

Communications for the Agricultural Department should
be addressed to the Agricultural Editor at Springfield, W.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-08-27

The Brighton fertilizer, advertised in an
other column, has already gained the repu-
tation of being one of the most reliable fer
tilizers in the market. The materials used
and the skill and integrity applied in the
manufacture have heretofore afforded fer
tilizer which has given satisfaction to those
who have used it. For an application in
fall seeding to grass, where there is an insult
6ciency of manure, it Is well recommended.
We have repeatedly advised the plOwing of
old mowings and Restocking with grass with
out grain. This fall is a very favorable one
for such work. We are devoting all our
spare time to an old moving on our farm so
inaccessible from the buildings that it has
always been poorly mauured After ex-
hausting the barn-yard manure on hand we
shall use the Brighton fertilizer and proba-
bly, some other concentrated manures, and
shall expect to be paid 10 hay for the outlay.