The New York herald., 1875-07-12
A Glimpse Of the Political
Parties Of the Future.
What Is Needed 10 Keep Order and
Restore Confidence.
NO POLITICAL CRIMES.
How the Man and Brother
Must Vote.
MONTGOMERY. May %. 1875.

for The TACT that you hear everywhere OF whtgs
and that the real division OF political parties in
those States which have seen Is between wings
ana democrats In louisiana the whlg prejudice
and dislike against democrats Is so strong that
the party leaders found It necessary TO adopt the
name conservative. In Arkansas the wing leaders
are quietly seeking out their followers. In Ala
bama when you hear OF an independent candidate
just now, he Is most likely TO have been an old
whig In Mississippi, even, there are whlgs but
they have as yet no ground to stand on. When
ever federal interference In the local affairs OF
these States ceases the color line VIII be broken
and the population VIII divide into wings and
democrats. The leaders OF the present white party
will, AS a matter OF course, strive TO prevent
this In such States as Louisiana, Arkansas or Ala
bama; but their efforts Will be IN vain. There are
traditional amino stiles and differences, and these
were not destroyed by the war. The Southern
whig was usually conservative and opposed TO
secession, less, imagine, because he liked the
Union, than because he disliked the democratic
leaders, who urged secession, and whom he be-
ieved to De incapable ana often dishonest. The
result OF the war has not raised the democratic
secession leaders in the esteem OF the old wings.
For the present they act together. under the
pressure OF FEDERAL interference aud to defeat the
republican leaders. But there are many
signs to show that whenever politics in
the States l have seen resume their nat
ural condition the wings will rally, and,
with the help OF such part OF the coored vote
as they can run over to their side, will try to
cure the control OF those States. The whig feel
ing Is especially strong In Louisiana, and there Is
little doubt that that State. and probably some
others, could easily have been made permanently
republican had the republican leaders who came
to the top there In 1858 been wise and honest
men, aud had they given the people good govern.
ment and industrial prosperity.
HOW THE NEGROES WILL VOTE.
Ii. Whenever the federal interference ceases 1t
Will be found, 1 believe, that the negroes will not
at first cast full vote; and as this Will, per-
haps be charged TO intimidation, 1t is useful TO
explain the real reasons. 1t Is everywhere
asserted by the republicans that with
out white men 10 "organlze" the colored
vote-which means to mass 1t. to excite
II, TO gather the voters at barbecues, to carry
them up with q hurrah to the polls, to make
boltng" terrible, TO appeal to the fears OF the ig
norant and the cupldity OF the shrevd-without
all this the negro Will not vote. This IS tae unl-
versal testimony or all republicans In the South,
good and bad. Now the .organizers' OF the col
ored vote are almost altogether the petty federal
ofnce-holders They have little else to do. aud
they give themselves to the work In Alabama
for instance in 1874 the Republican State Execu-
tive Committee nominated the deputy United
States marsnals for tne whole State. Many OF
these persons were candidates for the Legislature
or for local onlces; many candidates were also
United States supervisors OF election. They ap-
pealed to the negro clothed IN the majesty OF
federal once: they spoke in the name OF General
Grant; q deputy marshal could summon troops
and could summary arrest white men. lie
was very great man 10 q negro. Indeed q dep
uty United States marshal is O very great man 10
Southern white man; Tor he has really extraor-
md IN fha Gnufh nhnAv
thinks ior moment OF resisting "t the govern
ment." ave may tight among ourselves said
a MlssIssippan 10 me; but II the whole OF my
town were engaged in riot, to produce peace you
need not even bring In squad OF federal troops.
You need only STUFF the clothes of q federal SER
geant with straw, and bring that eflgy into the
market place, and In five minutes you would have
absolute quiet" And he diu not exaggerate.
Well, take away these petty federal "organ-
izers," and tine negro, lett lace to face with the
white man, no longer marched up in column TO
the central poll OF the county, but voting in mis-
proper precinct; argued with; hearing both sides
for first time knowing by experience, as he Will
presently, that the democrat Is not monster and
that y democratic victory does not mean his re-en
slavement, will lose much OF his interest In cleo
tlons. "rney won't vote unless they have wnite
organizers" Is the universal testimony OF the
publican leaders wherever have been.
or course, as soon rs parties are rearranged on
q sound ana natural basis the negro vote will re-
appear; for the leaders OF eacn party, the whi4
and the democrat, Will 90 their utmost TO get his
vote, ana there Will be the absolute security OF the
black man. l believe, however, that for many
years TO come, until new generation arrives at
manhood perhaps, and, at any rate, until the
black man becomes generally an independent
farmer, he will be largely Influenced in his po-
litical sflliatons by the white. lie Will vote as
his employer, or the planter from whom
he rents land or the white man whom
he most trusts, ana with whom, perhaps, he de-
posits his savings tells MIN Is best for his own In
terest. He Will, perhaps. 10 the cities sell his
registration certificate, as In Montgomery the
other day. But. at any rate. he VIII vote or not,
as he pleases. Ana 1t Is lar better that he should
act under such influences than that his vote
should be massed against the property and intel
lgencc OF the white people TO achieve the pur-
poses oil unscrupulous demagogues.
LIMITATIONS OF THE SUFFRAGE
III. 1t struck me as probable and natural that
some constitutional modification OF the suffrage
should come aJout In such states rs louisiana
aud Mississippi. An education qualification, ap-
Piled equally TO white and DlacK, seemed
evident. But the reply was that It is impossible.
These states have considerable population
OF poor and illiterate whites, who would
resist to the uttermost--nOw, at least
any limitation which would affect them. ,It is
more probable that we shall make the state Sem
ate represent property, leaving the House open
10 everybody" said louisiana republican 20 me
but even that would only make q deadlock. The
real cure, | imagine, nes-afier the breaking OF
the color llne--In general ana even compu sory
education. But there Is room or VIDE state sman-
snip in many or the southern states.
THE PEOPLE POOR.
v. The four Staten n, trhtch I aooak at "a
time poor. Crop iailures political robbery, pow
erty arising from The loss OF slave properly and
the arrangement of commerce consequent on the
completion Of new ana important railroad lines,
/ all combine TO produce this result. The last
named Is one oi the most important put least
spoken OF causes OF distress In the south. Com
merce mas found many new avenues since
the war, ana old established centres have de-
clined IN prosperity IN a manner ruinous to prop