davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
Cabbage for Milch Cows.

was much interested in Mr.. Gilbert's ar
ticle On Water in Stock Food" published
in recent number Of the Farmer. My
own experience with corn fodder has been
unsatisfactory, for while am willing to ad-
init that the flow of milk has been uniformly
increased by its use, l still think that. the la
Dor and manure required to produce good
crop OF corn fodder can be more proftably
expended in some other direction. For the
past two years have sown no corn for fod-
der, having depended mainly upon the re-
fuse Of the cabbage crop (grown for market)
to keep up the flow OF milk in late summer
and early autumn. For winter use have
always supposed the mangold, or better still
the Imperial Sugar beet, to be the cheapest
food that can be grown for stock-to be fed
of course with good early cut hay. But
having last fall quite lot of late planted
cabbage, that owing to the drouth, failed to
head up hard enough for market, and not
caring to bury them for spring use, L conclud-
ed to store them for winter feed, and since
about the middle of November l have been
feeding them from Is to 20 lbs. per day.,
with the best results Not only has the flow
of milk been kept up but it is of exceeding
richness, producing butter as yellow as in
June and almost with the peculiar aroma Of
that season.
Until this winter have always imagined
that cabbage impaired an unpleasant favor
to milk and butter, but from this winters
experience am inclined to think that some
other cause must be assigned for any pecu-
liar flavor that have noticed while feeding
this vegetable. My practice is to feed twice
a day at milking time.
Cabbage, as is we'll known, emits when
boiled an exceedingly strong odor, being very
rich in nitrogen. BIT eaten raw 1T is sweet
and entirely free from any rank or strong
taste. Cattle are very fond Of them, eating
greedily not only the heads but the stumps
and roots as well. They also seem to thrive
remarkably upon them. In fact l know of
no crop grown for feeding purposes, quanti-
ty and quality considered, that will give any
thing near so good returns, for the labor and
manure, from an acre of good land, as cab
bage. OF course when there is good mar
ket near at hand it will not pay to feed out
heads suitable for market. They are as ca
silly raised and with me are as sure crop as
carrots or mangolds, and require no more
labor or manure. There is but one obiec-
tion that am aware of against growing tho
crop largely for dairy purposes, and that is
the trouble of storing so bulky crop. But
with good root cellar under the barn the
difficulty can be easily avoided.
At present l have no dairy 1--WE are only
making home supply Of butter), but should
l ever 60 into dairying as business | ex-
pect to raise cabbage by the acre to feed to
my cows.-COr. Maine Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
II. JOHNSBURY. FRIDAY, MAY Z. 1877

try this you will ever after save your waste
slops.
Another way Of saving and making ma
nure is by bedding your COWS with some
thing that will take up and retain the urine.
1t is wsll-known fact that this is the most
valuable part of the manure, and the more
you save the more you increase the value
Of it. Sawdust is good for this purpose, but
l should prefer muck got out year before
hand 80 as to be well rotted aud dry chip
manure, when not too coarse is good leaves
are also good. Give them a good bedding
and it will not only keep them cleaner but
increase your manure in quantity and value.
Always keep your manure housed it loses
great deal Of its strength by being exposed
to the sun, drying up, and to storms, wash
ing away. Cover your barn yards every
fall with good coating of muck. As soon
as you draw your hog manure out of your
hog yard draw in as many loads Of muck,
sods, brake, turfs, &C., as you drew away
loads of manure, for your hogs to work over
during the summer. Follow these direc-
tions, and, with judiciour tilling, you can
raise farm to the highest state of cultiva-
tion in few years. where without them
you could barely keep it from running down
hill. If any one doubts this ask him to
try it for himself and be convinced
A. II. PALMER.
/ StdrksborO, Apra 26.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07

the following rules to bo observed in your
care of sheep:
First-With regard to management, new
or starve sheep, especially in summer.
Second-Do not feed much grain il you
have good hay, but at all events never let
your sheep grow poor.
Third-Many farmers lose by letting
their sheep live as long in autumn without
feeding as possible, consequently if they are
iu good condition in October, and lose flesh
and are made to grain again, there will be a
tender place in the wool.
Fourth-Have your lambs come in March,
if coarse wool; in May, il fine.
Hth-Shear your sheep, if possible, be-
fore the twentieth Of May.
Sixth-Keep your sheep from all cold
storms at all times of the year, and be as
careful Of them as Of your horse Many
sheep perish by showers after shearing, even
in July; SO | say shear at a time Of year
that they can be housed for week after
shearing; and in storms in autumn, if sheep
are exposed, it takes long time to dry the
wool, and the sheep are consequently uncom-
Portable for long time; colds and consump-
tion are the result
Seventh-Raise the standard Of your
flock; weigh every fleece at shearing; num-
Der the sheep, and note the weight of the
fleece, and then sell or kill your poorest
sheep, as like produces like, and your aver
age will soon go from four to seven pounds.
But little need be said about raising
lambs; only take care of them, and be sure
especially to know whether the lamb is able
to draw the milk. Many lambs, especially
when at pasture, perish when they otherwise
might live, because not able to start the
milk, This is one great objection to have
lambs come at the pasture, as they do not
receive tine attention they ought.
Much more might be said with regard to
the general management in feeding sailing,
curing diseases, castrating and docking
lambs, but think have said enough, and
if any hints that have suggested will prove
Of use to my brother farmers, 1 feel that l
shall be amply repaid.-Hon. A. E. Kinney,
at Plainfeld board meeting.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
WHOLE NO. 23I.

something to do with the growth, fruitfulness
or maturing Of plants, they fail to observe
closely other causes that may affect their ex.
periments.
We have no doubt that there are stages
in the growth of Canada thistles, and other
weeds, when they may be more easily de-
stroyed than at others, because the vitality
of their roots is weakened, and this may
sometimes occur in the dark, and sometimes
in the light of the moon.
Again, cutting weeds in very hot, dry
weather would be more likely to destroy
them than cutting when it is moist and cool,
favorable to their sprouting again. We
think that if farmers will practice cutting
their thistles in the month OF June, Just be-
fore they blossom, and again in a dry, hot
time in August, they will observe that they
will grow fewer and fewer as the years pass
by. AT any rate, we should sooner predict
favorable results, if the condition of the
weather and Of the plants be consulted, than
if the cutting be done in certain phase Of
the moon.-American Rural HOME.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
Starksboro, April %.
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Beets or Carrots.

On reading Mr.. Lanes article in late
number of the FARMER, his clear detail of
facts and figures gathered from his cnrefnl
and long-cOntinued experiments with the
sugar beet, l am not surprised at the
present extensive cultivation of the beet for
stock-feeding, nor at the prefe renee which
farmers in the valley of Lake Cham plain
show for Mr.. Lanes improved beet instead
Of carrots but in Mr.. Lanes items of facts
and figures there are still other considera-
tions for other sections ami climates. The
most important one is that he gets near
forty tons to the acre when sown the last Of
April or first of May, and only twenty tons
when sown the first of June. The peculiar
ity of Mr.. Lanes beet is that it will grow
all the time that it can have to grow in,
when as he says with the carrot it does not
make so much difference. The carrot sown
on the first of June will attain maturity aud
perhaps the tops turn yellow the latter part
Of September. Now 1 know that on the
borders of Lake Champlain they have from
four to six weeks more of growing summer
weather than we do here in Northern Maine,
or in many of the stock-growing mountain
towns of Vermont, where, according to Mr..
Lanes data, we can raise as many tons of
carrots as we could Of his improved beets.
We notice that in Mr.. Lanes detail Of
culture ho gives large space for his
plants, s,-thirty inches between the rows and
eighteen inches between the plants. There
is room for supposition that double the plants
growing to a medium size might give par
tial compensation for late planting or cold
climate. Another reason for the preference
of beets is the fewer and larger plants to
work among with the cultivator, and what
causes the greatest dread of wedding carrots
is the number and smallness Of the plants
at the time of the FIRST wedding. The whole
secret of relief from this dread is in the
first wedding. Let the land be in good con-
dition, fresh titled the last of May, the seed
kept wet mot in water but moist aud warm)
for three days previous. Then when sown
it is sure to come up in five or six days, and
the first wedding can be gone over nearly as
fast as potatoes.
In this way on land that was SO weedy that
the farmers would give me the use of it 1
have raised twenty bushels of carrots for
each days work, keeping full account of
plowing, sowing, and all the wedding. Then
the value Of the tops would twice pay for
digging. l sow seed by hand in liberal
quantities, have the rows eighteen inches
apart, and calculate to have the plants in
the rows nearly touch each other when
grown, and quite often in zig.zag position.
In this way twenty tons to the acre is not
marvel, and the value Of the tops will do
much toward the whole expense.
NJ. Il. KEEP.
Dalton, AroostOok Co., Me.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
Progress in Bee-Keeping.

Mr.. Quimby writes in Moons Bee World,
'Twenty years ago studied bees and keep.
ing them in the box hive. 1 sent to mar
ket the honey from all the bees kept in an
area Of twenty miles square. At that time
it did not exceed 5000 pounds and the
average did not exceed 10 pounds per hive
from the same section that now yields 100.
Does the country yield more, or do some Of
the bee-keepers understand getting more of
it Bees will collect as much in a -four
barrel as in the most fancy hive. 1t would
seem then, at first thought, that it cannot
be in the hive. Honey desirable for mar
ket cannot be obtained in a -four barrel.
To obtain suitable honey for that purpose
some management is needed. The best sys.
TEN of course brings the best results. Every
one Of the bee-keepers named uses the same
kind Of hive. l know of no other where as
much surplus has been taken where large
numbers are used"
1t will be observed that this is great
progress in the result of the business to
secure 100 pounds per colony whore but 10
were received. But in the comparison it
should be remembered that about one-half
was extracted honey, and this would reduce
the actual improvement to about 70 pounds
Of box honey per hive. But this is surely
great improvement. But it is not as great
improvement as he might have made. 1t
is driving pretty we'll, but he might have
done better.
In 1868 Mr.. Quimby visited my apiary;
1 then had in my yard four colonies of bees
in the Eureka hive. They were placed in
the hive the year before, and the second
year they gave me four new swarms and 500
pounds Of surplus honey in boxes. Mr..
QuimbY spoke very favorably of the hives,
and after his return sent me a written rec.
ommendation of the hive as "greatly SUPER
ior to any patent hive with which l am &C.
quainted." He then adopted the principle
of the Eureka hive, with the addition of
what he undoubtedly considered some i'm.
provements, and introduced 1t into the Sec
tion of country described in the extract given,
OF 10 miles square. That is 400 square
miles.
There are two particulars in which Mr.
Quimby failed in the changes he made in
the hive he introduced. One failure was, it
only operates with movable comb frames.
The Eureka hives had either movable
frames or bars at the pleasure of the opera
tor.
Experts may always prefer frames.
Farmers who keep ouly few bees and
would not move their frames at all would
do better with bars.
Another important difference, the Eureka
has more surplus box room, giving $50 or
200 pounds room for surplus and 200
pounds surplus is sometimes given by one
colony. And it is more simple in its con-
struction. and more eaisly managed. An
average Of l25 pounds box honey is an im-
proyement on 100 pounds one-half extract
ed and One.half box. May it not be hoped
in his move for improvement, he may still
advance until he reaches the higher point of
l25 to 200 pounds in the Eureka hive2
Jasper Hasea, in Woodstock Standard.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07

has all the joys of "Farmer John" on his
return home again.
Seed time has arrived and he now enjoys
the pleasure of preparing the soil for aud
sowing the seed which often reminds him
of the parable Of Christ, and he hopes it
may bring forth "some sixty and some an
hundred fold" Hayipg and harvesting
hasten to inform him that time is money,
and Fastening to obey the voice we iud him
laying his swaths low, while tho fun goes
round and the air is jubilant with shouts Of
mirth aud laughter. The birds hop from
place to place carolliug their sweetest songs,
aud everything seems bound to mako tho
farmer happy.
From the sweet-scented air Of the hay
fields he turns to gather the rewards Of his
labors, to garner his stores into the granary
and cellar. A glance az his face and we
see look Of satisfaction and pride resting
there, which even the rich merchant in his
counting room never felt. Hts summers
work Is DER, and he gathers his family
around the hearth on winters eve and par
takes Of that quiet enjoyment which he rich
ly deserves, or entertains few of his friends
with chat and song and the best Of his
stores, and the time joyously passes away,
but he remembers the source from whence
all true joy springs and is thankful to the
Giver Of all good gifts.
A. II. PALMER.
Starks6oro, A pra %.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
Dalton, ArooStOOk Co., Me.
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Manure.

wonder do the farmers Of Vermont know
the value Of the filth which is wasted every
year and which might, with little care and
expense, be saved to enrich their farms.
If they did think they would be little
more careful Of what they throw away.
Nothing should be wasted and the farmers,
especially, need to save all they can. The
more manure they can put upon their farms
the better off they will be, and by little
trouble they can increase the amount one
third. All the slops from the house, soap
suds, &C., can be saved and they are valua-
Bile. Now my idea is this first, supply
yourself with large reservoir ofsome kind !;
a cement cistern is the best about four feet
deep four feet wide, and eight feet long
wider if you like but not deeper, but if you
are not able to furnish yourself with q
cstern get large hogshead. Now fix a
drain so that the slops can be run into your
holder, empty all your house sops, soap
suds, mopping water, chamber lye, &C.,
filling in occasionally with ashes, chip ma
nure, muck, little stone lime, hen manure,
&C., mixing now and then with hoe or
shovel. When nearly full shovel out,
always keeping it under cover, and you will
have manure equal to any phosphate that
you can buy. Thus you can turn to some
account great deal of rich matter and
liquid which now do you no good aud in
six months you can more than pay the cost
of a cistsrn in the Improvement Of your
meadows. If you will take the trouble to
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Parents Relations to Schools. No. 8.


The teacher, to be successful, must not
only enjoy good health, but must have COM
mon sense. This may seem to some to be
superhuous; but not so. There is much
more uncommon than common sense among
men; and yet the latter is indispensable to
success in teaching. The teacher is thrown
upon his own resources; must act every day
without aid or counsel upon questions which
have an important bearing upon his success
or failure. And what shall guide him to
the choice Of the best means to meet the
emergency, and to accomplish his object
He cannot consult his professional books or
his more experienced fellow teachers but
he must act without delay. And what but
his common sense can guide him to a judi
cious course of action? In the management
and government of his school, aud in his in
tercourse with the families Of his patrons, he
will meet a thousand opportunities to exer-
else this noble gift. Let parents see to it,
therefore, that their teachers possess good
common sense.
Cheerfulness aud hopefulness are also
special gifts to the successful teacher. Some
persons are constitutionally gloomy aud de-
spending. They always look on the dark
side of this bright world; never see the "sil-
yer lining" that gilds the dark cloud over
hanging them, and hence they wear upon
their countenance, and express in their words
funereal gloom that dispels all cheerful
ness, aud shuts out the sunlight from the
heart. These men and women despair of
the future, anticipate no good for themselves
or for others; and hence settle down in
gloomy dependency to brood over their mis-.
fortunes. Now, it requires no argument to
show the undesirableness of placing these
Respondents in the school-room. Gas the
teacher is so is tho school," The gloom and
hopelessness which he cherishes will be i'm.
parted to his pupils, to suppress their cheer
fulness, dampen their enthusiasm, and dis
courage their efforts. The expression of his
countenance, the tones of his voice, and in-
deed his very presence, cast gloom over the
buoyant hearts Of childhood and youth.
On the other hand, the cheerful and hope
ful teacher inspires his pupils with his own
spirit, and animates them by his own living
example. And children need this inspira.
tion and encouragement more than instruc-
tiOn. Their improvement while in school
depends upon nothing so much as the happy
smile and cheerful words Of the hopeful and
enthusiastic teacher. This very hopelulness
enables the teacher to secure the best results
Of his well directed efforts. He has to deal
with dulness and stupidity, and he sees little
or no improvement from day to day. He is
sometimes ready to give up in despair but
he remembers that the development of mind,
like the growth of tree, is by slow and inn
perceptible degrees. The sturdy oak that
now dehes the storm and tempest is the pro-
duct OF hundred years; and the intellect
and character which give manhood and wo-
manhood proud prominence in positions of
influence and usefulness have often been un-
folded by the patient toll of the hopeful
teacher. PARENs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
For the VERMONT FARMER.
A New Milk Cooler.
StdrksborO, Apra 26.

l have seen the round rotary milk cooler
patented by L. j. Roberts, of Waterbury,
and am so we'll pleased with it that would
like to tell the readers of the FARMER some-
thing about it. 1t is round milk pan with
the water under the bottom mot coming up
around the side Of the pan at ally. The wa
ter comes in striking the center of the pan
first, and is carried around in circular mo-
tion by a strip of solid rubber I inch square
The weight Of the pan Of milk resting on the
rubber coil makes water-tight channel,
The cooler is set on a round table SO nicely
constructed that it can be turned with very
little effort, bringing all parts of the pan up
to you. BY unlocking hook underneath
the table you can tip the pan and drain the
milk all out into a tunnel. One tunnel with
milk pipe is sufficient for two pans, so that
the pans can be set up with one-half of the
pipe required by square pan.
A READER.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Sound ye the Trumpet"

For days have these words been Impress
cd upon my mind in relation to tho subject
of intemperance,-its rapid increase in the
country, and the rapid desolation and woe
which invariably attend its course. Pain
fully do realize the inefiiciency ofmy efforts
to present the subject IN any new light, but
il sincerity and an earnest desire to do good
are of any worth, then may haply arouse
to thought and action one slumbering soul
somewhere in the universe, and If no more
who can say have taken up my pen in
vainP
When it can be said.--and, l fear, with
too much oftruth in many a town throughout
our loved state,-that there is scarce u
young man in town who does not indulge in
tho social glass" surely it is time for us all
to put our shoulder to the wheel of this
chariot ofdestruction, and use our most ear
nest efforts 10 stay its onward march.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
How to Improve Farm Stock.

The day when the majority of farmers
believed that the improved breeds were no
better than native stock, has long since gone
by. We do not now find intelligent men
who are ready to argue that the pure Short
horns are no improvement on the native
cattle, or that the Essex is no better than
the old-iashloned hog. Careful breeding
has wrought wonderful improvement with all
classes Of domestic animals, and the progress
which has been made is now very generally
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07

81 always thought should never be able
to rear that child" said an old lady of 90, on
hearing of the death of her son, aged 20,
Being asked what made him so dirty, an
unwashed street Arabs reply was 81 was
made. as they tell me, of dust, and sup
pose il works out"
A Portland Street young gent was heard
the other day soliloquizing thusly; " I'D go
through fire and water TO see her, but darned
if I'll go through this mud, with blacking at
fifteen cents box"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07

1t won't take an intelligent man long to
see by this that it pays to shelter the manure
heap, even if it has to be done at considera-
bic expense.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07
Shelter the Manure Heap.

An analysis Of manure that had been pro-
tected by shelter and that from the open
gard, by Prof. Voelcker, gave the following
result:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-07

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