Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-17
WHOLE NO. 262.

three timcs per day; cattle need be fed but
twice.
Horses, II carefully groomed, will endure
much hardship. Keep breeding mares for
working purposes. The floor of tho horse
stall should be Of stone, cement or earth,--
never Of wood. In the stall the horse should
not face :. glering light; neither should be
stand in the dark. Horses are often injured
by improper watering. Should be watered
but little while on the road.
Sheep require dry, warm, well-ventilated
shelter with perfect quiet and water acessi-
BILE at all times aud, regular feeding, The
feeding racks should be built against the
walls inside of the esholteredinclosure With
proper breeds, proper food and proper care
there is no better branch Of Industry for
Vermont or one more likely to raise the far
mer's condition or keep the young men at
home.
In the discussion following the above pa
per Col Mead said that it pays to cut feed
mix with meal put in tight box, pour on
boiling water and cover up. There must
be regularity in feeding and watering. Cat
tie will drink but once on cold days. Had
succeeded in raising FIRST rate calves by Civ
ing warm water for drink aud feed of two
quarts Of bran per day during the winter.
Gen Davis of Cavendish said that farmers
cannot make money if obliged to hire help,
both in the house and on the farm. Cutting
feed will save One-third. We feed too mach
hay and not enough meal; we should start
right and get the best Of the breed that suits
us. 1t costs no more 10 keep Jersey COW
that will yield two hundred pounds of but
ter per year than the COW that produces one
hundred pounds.
Charles Spaulding Of Cavendish asked,
What shall we feed in summer when grass
fails in pastures2
Gen Davis. Give little hay or oats
corn fodder, as usually raised, is poor stuff.
Elisha johnson of Ludlow. If corn fodder
is in proper condition it is good feed for
milk.
II. j. Parker Of Andover thinks that
farmers can hire help and still make money.
We must have conveniences or be always
poor. We should improve our own stock
with good care and feed, rather than buy at
fancy prices. Plenty of early.cut hay is bet
ter than meal without enough hay.
Thursday Afternoon.
The FIRST paper was read by J. w. Stick
ney of Tyson Furnace on .-..
The Principles OF Fertilization.
Eorlv IN Tho eortb,s history no soil existed.
The rocks which contained the elements of
fertility were ground down by the convul-
sious of nature and the action of water,
nlamts These Fl m 81 nieots served their nurpose.
became extinct and gave place to a higher
order the change going on until the present
order of things was reached: The same I'm.
may oe sa'u oi 'ne "ine'e'' or'ei' u "ni-
In their growth. plants and animals drew
fertilizing clements from the soil; in their
death and decay, they restored these ele-
ments. Our SOILS have lost tneir fertility
Tho ~ cSiei lass has has been % IL potasb' % pbospbates
and 1.mmonia. The chief loss is potash.
When our lands were first cleared, probably
one hundred bushels OF ashes were lett on
sne SOU. Lns aoun. mow appneu @ "ou,u ds ~ =,
thei, early fertilitv.e
Ch.rIs: Snould;no ,ho,,bt that in some
oo.oo ,ha .,ar;l;,v of onr so;l, vas not dine
~ ~ Io.s ,of no;.sh hut 10 the loss Of veoe.
table matter Gave his experience With
, commsrc;aI Fertilizers and showed that far.
2 mers were liable 70 he cheated and especially
/. so az rs0ards Ballard,s Fertilizer. Stable
: manure Is rsed IN \ Too crnaa state The
ali .nd n,sn,,ro .horId ho ,bororohlv mi.
t vor;roJ HaI;avss ,ho, ,Ss farmorS ~ Yer.
: mont Iose ons.b.W tLa v.Ius of their ma.
nures
: NJ R;Il;ncs If I.,dIo,v roca-rod - ,ho
E worn-on, i.rS. Of v;so;';. .aw;"a, n. wb~. u
aver ,hev can orov orsss ,Lcv 6r;na h.ck
the fertilitv nv rsturn;no the cron 70
ths soil Tho old earSsns of WssS,
} ;noton and others are 40 gsr,;ls 90 evor
!
vated. ~ ~ ~ NOW
. Prof Seelv. Farmers are nearly related
E to mannfaot1rers The soil ;s the mannfac.
, tory nature for aces has been storing fortiliz.
inc material in the soil the farmer has haap
: taking it away in his crops. The phosphates
potash and ammonia have been removed. Re.
a turn these three elements and fertility will
= be restored. Stable manure IN Its best con-
0 dition contains these elements, but If exposed
: IN raina. .nuoh of the hetter mart in taksr
TLo Ill ,o,., ~ c. IA at. -
H""y' .' 'o' ,nNeS o' NAo "Hu "Su". @nu
the ierulizlng material IN an available con-
S dition, at the right time. Carbon absorbS
5 the heat of the sun and warns tho soil.
n In ranIv ,o ,ha oues,ion h n not ha,,o,
ePy " wy fu0'A, 70 NV. $50
10 Apply manure III gteen s'ate tnah u
3 wait, the Professor said no straight line
!. can be laid down in the matter. In some con.
ditions of the soil euaso NAV produce good
!. oron yvhere oroon 9.rrro -ouI5 hsva 6oeD
osoP ""'i' s''e" H~"ui' "Ou'u H~'e pee"
i useless -.... ....-...-..
Q Col Mead. Manures should be thor
. oughly decomPosea before BENG applied e
'ne solh ana tnen thoroughly mixed Win tn'
, sol. Oy narrowing p'Ieeeo' k'nos OF s'@Di
u manure Shoelu DC miAep' .., -.
y Sen pavls 'nougnI mere was no loss y
y applying green manure ana pio"ing 10 tn
proper depth:
o. The second paper was from Ia. +. Wheele
ID OF Ludlow Topic
Is DosS Land hsaoh'