The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-08-01

In order that Andrew Jolnson might be the can
CARED his intention TO put himself upon the side
OF patriotism against tre son. TO MIN that WAS
the only Issue IN the country. Slavery as a rebel
lious element ne thought was no longer 10 be re-
spected AS IL was when IL was pacific ana undlg-
puLed element OF social llfe IL was against inc
government, and the government under the con-
stitutiOn aud the Union must win. His Ideas
were NOS original, but they were striking and re-
markaDle at time when Few men had the cour-
age TO utter them. IL was known, how
ever, that nis nomination was strong
border stateS-tnat Is. the states when
were not wholly secession in sentiment. lie had
cenlration OF power IN the nanus OF rhe govern
ment. Meanwhile his life In Tennessee was every
day IN danger, but he would permit no man 20
protect MN ana "0e IN the way OF the bullet"
rev people knew that he had irene les Laid IN
Nashville connecting win magazine wnicn, IN
case Oi surrender 20 tue rebel iUrces he ntended
TO nre Win ms own hand. In 1851 ne had SAID IN
the senate, II never do anything by halyes.u He
was still demagogue and a wiiiul man, who
could not believe himself 10 be IN the wrong. He
knew no mans opinion but mis- own. lie even
promised the co,ored people that he would be
their Moses and lead them through the Red Sea.
IL was said that on the Attn OF March, 1865, when
Llncoin's second lnaugu. alton took place and
President OF the United States the Vice PRESIDENT
was grossly drunk. Nothing AT the time except his
exhllarated spirits and MS immodest egOtlsm
Justlned such rumor. His ADDRESS was devoted
WnOHy TO description OF his own virtues, anu
was III exceedingly bad taste. But no asserted
his belief mat te natter should be for traitor,
tnat rebellion should be punished. IL was not
without reason that men thought that the only
EXCISE that Andrew Johnson could have for max
Ing so egotstlcal and inconerent an address was
the excuse OF intoxication. President Lincoln
aaid signincantly soon alter this occasion that
Andrew Johnson was too much OF a man 10 %
repudiared for single iault.
THE ASSASSINATION OF LINCOLN.
The assassination OF Lincoln soon followed
April Ia. 1865, President Lincoln was Struck down
and Andrew Johnson became President of the
United States. No attempt was made upon his
life. lie at once SAID that he intended to 90 his
utmost toward Furnishing secessonlsts. ana that
,a uvnn VnnR "a In Mn
he appointed commission Tor the trial
OF the persons VINO were charged with
assassinate PRESIDENT Lincoln. ana he included IN
his appoin tment an offer oil reward OF 500, 900
conspiracy. President Johnson's tine was greatly
occupied with plans Tor the restoration OF the
southern States TO the Union. The republican
party nad abandoned HIM, and he was following
mis- own policy. An open rupture between him
ana the republican leaders IN Congress soon
followed. he insisted That the rights OF the Sc
ceded States had not been destroyed; he offered
liberal terms OF pardon TO eX-C0nlederates, 10
that he was called pardon broker; and ne made
II a condition OF amnesty and pardon that tine re-
cetver should take an oath to support the Con-
situton, the Union ana the freedom OF the slaves
Confederate government and had aided the
Delllon. He appointed provisional governors of
the States recently IN rebellion and instructed
them to secure the election or officers necessary
Tor restoration TO the Union. President
Johnsons plan was simply to restore the states to
the Union with all their rights unlmpared, ex-
cepting In respect TO slavery They could come
in, agreeing TO exclude slavery, or they could
stay out and be governed by federal efficers, wao
would exclude Slavery. 1t was evident that the
Pre- sidents policy was only opposed to that OF
q majority IN Congress, but thar il was also In de-
lance OF some OF Inc express provisions OF law.
Tne President laid his plans before Congress, but
Congress persisted IN having some authority in
matters OF reconstruction. Tine President vetoed
the civil Rights bin and the bill extending the
province of the Freedman's Bureau. The majority
in Congress passed the bills over the veto, and an
intense excitement ensued. Congress, INSISTED
upon lts power TO provide terms under which rep
resentatlon IN the councils OF the general govern
mont might be achieved by the seeded States.
The President dogmaticaly SAID that Congress
had inaugurated new rebellion. No doubt
listed among large number OF the people OF the
country that the President was consistent IN his
urterances, and that he held the same position
that he mad held in 1860 But the sentiment OF
the North and Of the dominant party was opposed
to ultra lenient measures. President johnson
perslsten that men WHO opposed the principles
which ne had enunciated were opposed 30 the
Union, ana ne spoke OF Tnaddeus stevens, Charles
sumner and Wendell Phillips. new party was
IL never amounted to anything. the President
was really popular with no party. The democratic
party, however, supported him The Peace Con-
vention at Paiadelpha In 1856 was the outgrowlh
OF the support gwen TO his recOnstructlOH policy.
Postmaster General Dennison resigned and was
succeeded by A. W. Randall, a "pe2cen advocate,
and Attorney General speed gave way DO Mr..
stanbery. Mr.. Harlan, the secretary OF the In
terror, was succeeded by o. Fl. Browning, OF ILL.,
nois. The democrats In tue South approved OF
the changes. There were not lew republicans,
like William H. Seward aud Henry ). Raymond
VINO joined In the approval 1t now became ap.
parent that the contest was party one.
President Johnson was always talking about
himself and referring TO his career There was
nothing IN his public utterances so prominent
his comparison OF bis own acts with those OF
wne, insisted that he was uSurping power that
belonged to Congress.
1t was in the summer OF 1896 that President
Johnson, accompanied by General Grant, Admiral
Farragut, Secretaries Seward and Welles and
several other persons. made famous trip, by way
Of Philadelphia and New York, 10 chicago, where
the corner stone or monum ent to stephen A.
Douglas was to be laid. The President every
where addressed the assembled crowds, explain
ing his policy and denounclng Congress. II was
while making his numerous speeches that he used
the noted expression IS laying round the circlen
me tour was made the suVject OF mucn ridlcule
and the President suffered politically from II.
oyercharged wish vanity and dogmatism:
and ne did and SAID much that was IN
SHY an Offensive took srsnsn from
the unpopular position or the President, and more
than ever opposed his views. The radical leaders
determined that II the South returned to the
Union with powers OF citizenship It should DO so
with Its pontical strength curtailed. Tney were
strongly III iayor OF giving TO the negro measure
OF political strength winch would countcrDalance
that OF the returning Confederates They con-
ceIved that ii TWO races came IN TO the Union with
out prior rights tnose OF the Coniederates having
Deen foreited) they should come In with equal
rights OF citizenship Tue adoption OF the Four
teenth amendment to the constitution, an amend
meut which made all persons, without distinction
OF color, born or naturalized within the United
STATES, ClLlZcH5 VI tHc u0lLeu SLdtes anu OIL Ihe
States IN which they resided, was required as a
condition precedent TO q return oil the seeded
states to civil functions. Congress was gwen
power TO enforce the provisions or the
amendments The states were required to
accept or reject the amendment, pasing
their own declaration oil rights OF citizenship " on
q basis OF representation proportional to the num-
Der voters. The opponents OF the radicals were
not wiling TO reduce their representatlo as 1t
was held during slavery times when a white man
could vote upon the numbers OF negroes. Tue
radicals said, "Ihe men VINO vote shall have rep
resentation, and the men who do not vote cannot
have repre- entatiOn.D The amendment was
ratified. The President was not consulted in the
sendlng OF the amendment TO the States tor ratl-
hcation or rejection. He insisted upon his execu-
tive right 10 admit states to restoration of
political privileges. When Congress passen bill
Tor the admission OF Territories into the Union,
with conditions requiring that the terms OF adj
mission should be BASED upon the extension OF
electoral privileges TO persons Of color, President
Johnson returned the oil with objections. It was
passed over his veto by the twothirds
majority lie had insisted that the States
ana Territories might, according 10 the
general policy OF the government, provide
fOr