The New York herald., 1875-12-20
The Russian Prince ChancellOr'S Recent
Visit to the German Capital.
A Moment Of UneaeineSe for
the Statesmen.
The Suez Canal Shares Purchase Serious
Incident in British Diplomacy
Professor Won Sybel on the East
ern Question.
BERLlN. Dec. l. 1875.

Prince GortschakoH, after several months soJourn
In the south OF Germany and in Switzerland where his
only son, Prince Michael, is accredited as Russian Min
ister arrived here on Monday on his way back St
Petersburg He took up his abode, a usual, in the
Russian Embassy, with his friend Herr Won oubril
ON Tuesday the Chancellor paid his respects 10 the
members Of the imperial family, and then called at
Prince Bismarck with whom he conferred
about hour and u half Bismarck returned the visit
shortly afterward and then proceeded from the Rus
sian Embassy directly the Imperial Palace to have
an audience of the Emperor In the evening the two
Chancelors said to have met again for long CON
ference To-day Prince Gortschakof also had an
audience OF His Majesty which lasted for
lhrec hours. He invited by the Emperor
10 dinner which he partook of with their maesties in
private. After having taken leave Of the members OF
the imperial family and again conferred with Prince
Bismarck he continued, eleven in the evening, his
Journey to St. Petersburg. The leading Russian states
man, whose great influence over the Emperor Alexan
der is well known, received here in the most cor
aia manner Prince Bismarck and Prince Gortschakof
stand on the most intimate terms The two eminent
men learned appreciate each others merits when
Bismarck was Prussian Minister In ST. Petersburg and
Gortschakon had Just raised to the rank of Chan
cellor. Ii Is said that the Russian Premier then
recommended Herr Won Bismarck TO the Emperor
as man OF remarkable abilities and worthy
sf the fullest confidence of his monarch
Even the somewhat brusque behavior shown by Prince
6ortschakoT last May, when he ostentatously pro-
:lamed the world that the differences threatening
Ihe peace between France and Germany had been
smoothed away by the peaceful endeavors of Russia
To have disturbed the good relations between
the statesmen. The repeated conferences OF the
two Chancelors during the last few days said to
have principally referred TO
rHE EASTERN QUESTION
again opened by Engands purchase of the Suez Canal
shares. The Germans, little interested this high
way between Europe and India, pleased England
has given up the so-caled policy and
again Is taking an active part in European politics.
certain pleasure is also secretly expressed France
being duped by the affair Some German papers
tany declare that by the independent proceedings OF
England the Northern Powers are authorized. without
consultation OF the other States, forward sou>
tion OF the Eastern question. This latter statement
seems, nevertheless, questionable to me- for the pur
chase Of the Suez Canal shares from the Khedve is
direct political event, but rather commercial affair
With regard to the position OF Germany the compl-
cations the Balkan peninsula, take the liberty OF
drawing your attention lecture held in Berlin the
day before yesterday by
PROFESSOR HEINRICH voS sYBEL
the subject The eminent historian, who has lately
accepted The important post OF chief custodian OF the
Prussan state archives, recommends toward mtigat-
Ing the terrible state oi affairs in Turkey the reconsd
GRAFTON OF the proposal made by Prussia al the Paris
Peace Conference 1856, which al the time not
much approved OF As this lecture contains very
urikng description OF the development OF the Ottoman
Empire Europe have asked Professor Won Sybcl TO
give me the manuscript Tor the NEW York HRRALD.
This request OF mine was Immediately complied with.
Before proceeding the reproduction of this interest
ing lecture must state the assertion current in political
:irces that Prince Bismarck intends in the approaching
diplomatic negotiations advocating the proposition OF
Prussia worked in 1856 by Leopold Won Ranke,
the celebrated author Of the History OF the Popes "
PROFESSOR Won sYBELs LECTURE on THE EASTERN
QUESTION.
The Oriental question has occupied Europe
since 1875 and been the cause Of more than great
war. Aud yet one may ask what Is 10 be under
stood by these wordsY At one time they simply
meant as follows Are the Russians conquer Con-
stantnope and chase the Turk out Of Europey There
a time when this question greatly perpexed many
great and noole Phheenists The fact Of the matter
IL that wishes and desires OF conflicting nature are
cherished No one begrudged the Turkish oppressor
OF Greece any overthrow which might beall him. and
again every would have been equally reoiced TO
the formidable Russians suffer defeat the hand OF
the Turk such can at best no longer be matter or
question. In 1920 1910 and 1854 IL clearly shown
That without the unanimous consent OF all the great
Powers the rule OF the Sultan is not 10 be overthrow by
any foreign attack. Russia has had TO put oil her
longngs for the possession OF the Church OF 81 So
phla Nowadays the Oriental question has assumed
another form and thus:-Has Turkey inwardly
still sufficient powers OF yitalItyr Are there
forms found which might render her continuance
possible and IL not in the OF her collapse what
will be the late Of the different individual States Of the
Empirey The present Insurrection In Bosnia and Her
zegOvina has suddenly turned the question in this form
into OF vital importance. There has been no lack
speedy answers in reply TO the question. some be-
heve that the insurrecOn would soon be settled were
IL not for foreign interference here-aboye all,
any Russian cabals. If the Sultan were left
10 have his own way, as IS customary with the
other States OF Europe there would be further
for trouble; whoever acts otherwise would by so
doing merely be opening the passage the Bosphorus
Tor the Russians Others again quite the contrary
are oi opinion that the death kne Of the sick has
long since toled, and that the time has come when
Europe must put an end to the Ottoman confusion
constitute Bosnia, a complete semi absolute
Christian princpallty and thereupon deal similarly
with Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia, &c In mat
ters pertaining TO religion, is, however
divided, and there are Latin, Greek and Monam-
medan Abanians In Bosnia, which is four
nnhs Sclavonie, there 500 0Ou Greek Christians
ZOO 900 Catholic Christians, 500, 700 Mohanmedans
three parties Of one nationality who hate another
mortaly, state oil affairs which would render Chris
tian prncipality somewhat difficult undertaking. 1t
is the same with the very numerous and wealthy
Arnenans they divided into schisnatc and Roman
Catholics A multifarious confusion OF peculiar and
special rights and privileges, at variance with one
another all directions; therefore most unfavoraDe
state Of affairs toward anything like blending a
therefore appear right procedure. First OF
all security Of person, property and law.
Up To the commencement of the present
century the osmans formed the political power
They alone possessed political rights, civil rights and
The right 70 bear arms The Christians were absolutely
subugated Every Turk considered himself entitled
10 look upon every Christian as one OF subject and
castaway This was the immediate consequence Of
his religious ideas.
TnosE srurGArgD LACK THE PRINCIPAL CONDITIONS
viz security person aud property the observance OF
their rights and honor Prde and brutaity on the one
the permanent modes by which the two parties are
kept aloof and demordizcd within themselves
Then, again, the state does nothing whatever toward
the civihLaton of It's subjects sIhc Osman despses
agriculture and trades The education OF the majority
does not rise above very meagre instruction ID the
Koran. The military and civil service the only
higher callinRs which exist. and these are In many
combined with personal slavery under the sultan
some grandee TO commence WITH The inner admin
stratiOn Of the State remained the rudimcnts
Sanitary Affairs the for public education, arrange
ment OF means Of traffic the urhcrance and
udu al these tbqre M tak kVvhn Each
village remained Isolated IRON its neghborng village,
and how much more SO the provinces and different
races The affairs Of had the same tendency TO
keep the races the different crecds together to
themselves The Greek Christians were already,
ia 1853 by Mahmoud III. placed under their own
patrarchs and the latter made responsible for their
poll tax and rendering obedience. Zach village got
ITS village authorities the village OF each district
stood under the bishops, these, again. all un.
der the patriarch The clergy held spiritual
and portion OF the temporal jurisdiction
mixed police powcr-and the right 10 collect