The New York herald., 1875-08-20
BRAZIL.


DESIGN TO HoLD ON TO PARAeUAY-THE
FMP1RE LANGUIsHING FOR WANT OF BRAINS
AND LABOR,
RIO JANERo, July 25 1875,
The Chambers are stll engaged upon the estimates,
the Senate those Of the current fiscal year Of 1S7576
and The Deputies on those Of following year. 1s767
AS TO the former the has these days been
going heavily into the late aborye negotiations the
ParagGayan question the liberals uniting in censurng
the continued occupation Of Paraguay and accusing the
pas. and present governments Of incting the Para
guayans 10 reject the propositions Of the Argentines
Doubtless liberals right Paraguay, if left to it.
self could the pressure the Argentnes could
exert upon it; but the same time it is not improb
able that II the liberals in power they would
find themselves forced to follow the policy which
they with such heat while they in oppos
ton for it cannot denied that Brazil has great in
terest supporting Paraguay independent State,
the large frontier Of Brazil with Paraguay from
the oeicose and aggressive Argentine Republic and to
prevent the Paraguay and Upper Parana becoming Ar
genuine rivers instead Of now, flowing between two
independent States onethird OF Brazil is drained by
tho three Platine rivers Paraguay, Parana and Uru
quay and no government Of Brazil afford 10 stand
aloof from the Plate while the avowed purpose of the
statesman the head Of Argentine affairs is TO obtain
the control OF those and them Argentine
! internal waters.
/ villa Occidental, or New Bordeaux, whose posses
sion Is and has been since the defeat OF Lopez the
tive Of al these negotiations and armings from 1870 up
I 10 now was founded by the Paracuavan government
with a colony Of French immigrants When Lopez in
termed al the Paraguayans, depeopng the margins Of
the Paraguay where the Brazilian feet obtained control
Of the river Villa Occidental also vacated In 1870
the Argentines took possession Of it, protesting at the
same that they did with subiection to future
decision title. But with possession has grown up
tie resolve 10 hold by hook crook and this resou-
ton has the stumbling block of every negotiation
7 since that occupation.
II is not that the little town is Of direct value TO the
Confederation. 1t is, with the territory assigned
70 H. q nook Of twenty miles square, thrust
4 beyond the Argentine boundary into that
conceded Paraguay. It's value the Argentnes
ssts beng only thirty miles from Asuncon, the
Paracuayan capital and the only place in that swampy
region where settlement could be formed within thirty
miles Of Asuncion. Thence smuggling can be easily
carried the Paraguayan finances, and revou-
tons got up 70 overthrow Psraguayan governments.
These are agencies which the Argentine cal
cuae on 10 force Paraguay do Of what
Argentine failed achieve shortly after the deca
ration Of the independence OF the Spanish cooniesto
annex ITSELF to the Confedcranon-nd thence the
bornnesz and virulence with which The ownership Of
this small district and petty village disputed between
the Argentine Confederation the one side and Para
I quay. backed up by Brazil on tie other Both parties
consider possession.an absolute requisite the
destroy the preserve the independence Of Par
aguay.
FEEE AvD SLAVE LABOR
The repori cf NE Special Committee on The State OF
Agrcllture tDoputesy has last been given. AS is
usual u Braz.-and in some other countres-not
farmer was on the committee; all the were law
yers As q specimen Of the report may be given the
statement when comparing the cost Of slave and free
labor that while free labor costs from S175 $500
wear that Of slaves worth in Brazil 81 COO only f2
10 s25 year. The wants OF agriculture in Brazil are
they report labor money roads and agricultural teach
ing labor they deal IN nepaiion merely. Slavery
they gay s a terrible evil and be got rid Of free
labor whether native or immigrant is impractcable,
neither Will 20 the plantation, and If it did the
planter could afford pay for it, Chinese mmirra-
tion would Introduce demoraized into country
requiring fresh blood revive IT, on roads
they suggest nothing. Agricultural instruction Is a
dcs.deratEn. but they see not how 70 realize H. and
they content themselves with proposing bill lend
without interest, S& 100000 to agricultural banks Of
The condition Of agriculture IN Brazil is very grave
whe nc coffee prov ncos are thrvnr an anv rae Tor
the prcscut with Their stl LANDS the cotton and
sugar provinces from and including Bahia Nd 10 and In.
Guiding Maranhan are rapidly progregsre 10 a general
bankruptcy Their slaves are exported by hundreds TO
! rd tbe rt ,f ~ ciFers 49, ,,t ns H @ aoaiuonsd
and prosperous times The provincial treasures
are practically bankrupt, taxes have been laid
on everything 70 tne uttermost and until
production outside tins coast strip has becn
rendered Improbable. For money in small
sums the planters have pay from eighteen to seventy
two per per annum and every day appears TO ren-
der tie situation gricvous What IS be done IS
the question Some shout out for central sugar houses
guaranteed per cent interest by the gov
eminent: sil cry out for banks Of loan at long
time and low interest guaranteed by The gOycfnmcnt
whilr a few a very few, whose voices The others
power say let the planters help Themselves Jet them
lose loss money and time at gambling; throw OF their
azine-4and look their work themselves buy ploughs
and use them ceasng 10 burn and plant year, to
burn and plant elsewhere next year let them improve
their sugar put rocks and trash IN their cotton
bales: let them mend their roads themselves; and. IN
general let them put their shoulders 70 their wagon
ana % sit upon H. whining to the government 70
| DO for thcm what they should do themselves
There s much 10 be said IN favor Of ali these varied
points Of view but foreigners who note the savasery Of
the mode Of farming the waste OF labor in every opera
ti0n the utter neglect Of the necessary roads the
Fbscuce of intelligent supervision which cbsracterlze
geg Brazilian plantations and farms out Of O00 Will in
cline toward The opinion Of the latter prophets who as
BRAZILIAN SOLDIER
OF reTue Lieutenant General the Count or Porto Allegro,
dice on the 18Th at the age Of seventy General Porto
Ae9o came ~ lighting family, be father and grand.
iather poL having been generals and fought iB Tie
t.VL4 lst1arns 10 III River Pate viii Ina salayc