davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30
ttN ItVJU7

We read and hear great deal about the
importance Of manure on the farm ana OF
he immense outlay which the purchase Of
commercial fertilizers Involves. And if we
lid not know the habits of farmers in this
respect we should suppose they would use
al available means to manufacture and also
20 save manure on their farms. But while in
this direction, we are sorry that so many men
neglect some OF the easiest and simplest
means Tor attang tins result At this season
If the wear we see a great many cattle roam.
;ng around the fields, scattering and, in a
great measure, wasting their manure. In al
lowing this their owners are certainly guilty
Of neglecting very important item in farm
management. They may claim, as some do,
that the manure Is not wasted; that the cat
lie distribute it over the fields where they
feed, ana thus the labor Of men in spreading
il is not required In this they claim 10 rel
he work done without any expense But
such an idea cannot be held by men WHO give
much thought to their farm WORK. For ii
can be seen at Il glance that, although the
manure is spread over the fields, il is done in
= most WaSetul manner. 1t Is not LEFT where
It Is wanted. There is little scattered al,
most everywhere on the farm, but there is not
enough in any place to do much good, and
shat little there Is LETT in a place is
not IN any condition to be used as TODD
for plants Before it can be made avail
able for this purpose ii must he pulyerized :;
md TO 90 all over the farm with a hoe and
break ii in pieces, as ought TO be done every
>Dung, if cattle are left IN the fields the
preceding autumn, makes considerable work.
The manure will not be worth more than half
rs much rs it would If kept nj the barn dur
ing the winter and applied IN the spring.
Besides, if cattle are kept in barns, sheds or
ards the manure can all he saved, carted
yut and put where it is needed. IL is also
very much better for the COWS 10 be kept in
Yards than il is to be running all over the
fields They will get better water and get it
when they need it, if the farmer pay, any de
cent attention to hls bushes. When they run
1t large they will not always get wafer when
hey ought to have it; if it is some distance
rom the barn they will not so to it more than
twice day in very cold weather, and some
lines not but once They then drink too
nuch at a time, get chilled, and are made un-
comfortable. But if in the yard where they
can get water AT any time of the day they
will drink but little at Il time and get 1t as it
: wanted. This is very much better for
them than it is to drink a great deal Of cold
yater at once. They will not be rs likely to
AXE cold or TO contract diseases of the stom-
ach or lungs. Cows will give more and bet
,er milk if they are kept in the yard in cold
weather than they will to be roaming around
and yainly trying 10 satisfy hunger by eating
tae spoiled and irost-biten grass which is
al the food they can find in the lots All
tAiIgs considered, il Will pay well To keep
cattlc in the yard during cold wco'hcr-N.
p NOlVcS'e0B
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30
Planting Potato Sprouts.

Potatoes of large size are said to be pro-
duced in France by eating two side shoots
from ach stalk when it is five to seven inches
hirh and setting them in good, rich, mellow
garden soil. In u few days they send out
roots and form tubers abodt AS early ana IN
as large quantities as the original stalk, while
the latter does not seem to be injured by the
moderate pruning.
Our monkish friend has discovered notl-
ing new, but it may be worth remembering
when one has a rare kind that he wishes 10
make the most OF. Many of our nurserymen
practice the same way with new potatoes,
When the Early Goodrich and the Early
Rose were first introduced some OF the New
England nurserymen propagated potatoes
from the tops to such IN extent that several
hundreds of bushels were raised IN single
season and from u few original potatoes. One
grower raised the plants under glass all win
ter Every time new growth appeared 1t
was taken of as a cutting and soon made a
plant. He had thus thousands OF plants by
the spring each in u small pot: and these set
out in the open ground planted an enormous
tract Of land We no dot remember exactly,
but we believe as much as hundred bushels
of potatoes came in this way from half n
dozen potatoes inside of twelve months
FOrHey'S Weekly Press.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30
FARM. ~ 70 GARDEN.
Care of sw,rdA-E1nomy IN Food.

Horses, cattle aad> other stock capable OF
subsisting on the c0arser kinds OF food, in
most localities, may BE carried through the
winter in fair condition, where there is an
abundance ot hay, straw, etc: but the case is
different with hogs Corn is not only Il nat
ural food but the one almost entirely depend
ed on in the west for the production Of pork.
some OF the root crops might take the place
OF corn to some extent, and with advantage,
rs an appetizer Or to assist in keeping the an
imal in heallhful and growing condition.
But the cultivation of these is almost entire.
ly neglected on our vast areas of cheap lands,
and for the reason that the cereals can be
raised with less labor, aud of course cannot
now be procured to supplement the present
short supply eff cCrn on hand.
Corn is better calculated to put on fat than
to add to the growth of bone and muscle nee
essary to the thrift and healthlulness OF young
hogs Why does one farmer, with limited
amount of corn, keep his hogs In thrifty
and growing condition, and al kllllnG tiihe
bring them fully developed to the heaviest
weights while his nelghbor, with better Ia
cilties and more feed, brings his hogs TO mar
ket in dwarfed and diseased condition,
light in weight, uneven IN size, and ungainly
in shapeg DO farmers give sufficient thought
to the economy of food: No one can know
how much may be gained in feeding hogs, by
continuing in the common routine among
farmers of supplying them continually from
first to last with nothing but dry corn, princi-
pally carbCn-regardless Of what is intended
to be made of the pig. Though the phos
pilates and heterogeneous food, with healthtul
exercise, are just as necessary to the health
full and strong growth Of the animal as car
bon which makes fat, thus rendering the ami
nal fit for the butcher.
ThresAed oats, wheat or rye, ground or
cooked whole, supplies that which is not so
largely contained in corn. Small quantities
Of these grams given to each animal once
day with the corn is all that Is necessary
This extra care pays, because the same
amount of corn with this other feed greatly
increases the amount of pork.
Hogs when fattenIng should not have much
exercise, especially after they get heavy. In
deed the same variety of food IS not neces
sary after the hog is in full flesh, since the
increase during the latter part of the tntten-
ing process is simply an increase of fat Itself
Hence feeders who so successfully manage
swine as to keep the digestive organs in a
vigorous condition by keeping them proper
" expanded with q variety Of food and so
they will not lose their appetltes may safely
and properly make corn the principal food.
This is science IN agriculture, and he that
iully appreciates the subject need not look
for better fortune than exists in the corn
,ields of the West if the produce is manuac-
tured into the best qualities of pork West
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

WINTER TREATMENT OF STOCK Liberal
feeding is not needed No stocks should be
allowed to lose now what they have made
in the summer On the contrary, they
should be kept growing. And they may be,
by proper feeding lie bccometh poor that
dealcth with slack hand is very true IN
this respect. There must be close attention
to this matter, or money is lost in feed and in
weight of stock. Don't trust too much to
hired men or boys. Have exact measure
ments for the feed, A box to hold three
quarts should be in every feed bin. This
makes Il far allowance for one OK or horse,
or for two COWS, or four calves at each feed.
A bushel basket Of fine cut hay is an average
for one horse or COW or two calves at each
feed. There should be no waste, but as much
feed given as will be eaten up clean. Give
salt regularly, in small quantities, or have it
accessible 10 the anjmals.-1aericaH igrt.
rulttirTii1
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

The Germantown Tceg1ph remarks thus
sharply about errors that creep into agricul-
Iural literature: We find more errors and
nonsense about farming, etc, in the public
prints, even III those devoted To agriculture
and its kindred branches, than would take all
the time Of one wcllin(Ormed person 20 cor.
rect from week TO week But We are glad to
know that the reading farmer has one sure
protection against the injury that would be
inflicted upon hun in this way, and that IS
his own good common sense. In connection
with this, our eyes have just lit upon Il state
mcnt given in leading agriculture Journal
~ The Southwest, as to the proper allowance
f hay for once horse. This is set down at
30S pounds per day for every hundred
pounds weight Of the animal. Now, if we
estimate the average weight at go pounds,
and the quantity ted at three pounds. il
would make the animals allowance 25l ,
pounds per day, i.S pounds per week. or
about 10000 pounds pear year, This would
-. over five tons per horse, Just twice the
quantity ted in these parts
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30
cNltUFGTSt

PLANTING CONSTITUTING a late discussion
on the subject Of corn culture, at the Expert
mental Farm Club, of West Grove, Pa, the
question was asked if corn should be planted
thicker on rich than on poor land. Geo
Sharpless, Chandler Darlington, Enos Bar
nard, DR.. Kitchener and the President spoke
of the proper thickness to plant corn. They
all thought it should not be any thicker on
rich soil. O. II, Shelmire had five bushels
per acre more from three than from two
stalks. Jas, Wilson had more corn from
field checkered 3 feet 8 inches than from one
4 feet apart, three stalks to the hill. Thorn
as Baker thought three stalks to the bill had
done the best for him. Mr.. Darlington
thought three and half feet apart and two
to the hill did best. 1t was then stated by
several as an opinion that full crop could
not be obtained from this seeding on very
rich land.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

CoRN MEAL DUMpLINGS.-l'ut pint and
half OF meal into a pan, place IN the oven TO
get heated through, Have thetea-kettle boil
ing when you take the hot meal from the
oven; put sufficient salt into it, pour upon il
boiling water, stirring continually until it's
as thin as mush that yOu can stir easily.
Have a skillet of hot lard ready as soon as
the dumplings are cool enough to make out
with your hands. Dip your hands into cold
water, dip out a spoonful and form into
dumplngs about the size OF hens egg; drop
into the hot lard and fry to a crisp, delicate
brown one must exercise judgment TO get
them just right but after you do get them
right you VIII vote them nice. | drop mine
into a uecp skillet Of lard as do doughnuts,
but one can do with less by having the lard
10 but half cover them and turn them over,
Do not fry too quickly or they Will be brown
cd and will not be crisp. \ pint and half
of meal will make dumplings enough for six
pcr,ons-COr. Pyujrtc F'dID,er.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

\ grove Of ten acre. OF white ash (F'rHJG
mus In,crirata., 'hinncd to six feet apart each
way, containing atout 1900 trees, will aver
age at twelve years Of age, on good prairie
soil about eight inches IN diameter The
previous trimmings Will pay for cultivating
10 this time Ten feet Of the butt Of each
tree will be worth for mechanical purposes
forty cents, and the remaining tops ten cents
each, making for the 5000 butts $500; and
for The tops of the same $1,000, total SG,OOo
for the profit of ten acres in twelve years
iOtrn Stdsc Rsyiy.,F
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

Here is a hint for housckeepers, and very
important one: Merely covering up bed
with blankets and counter ancs will no more
protect 1t from dampncss, or keep it dry, than
a pane of glass will keep out light. The at
mOspheric moisture will penetrate all woven
fabrics Hence, the importance Of keeping
the beds in spare rooHls regularly aired
Many dear friend or welcome visitor has
been sent to an untimely grave, or afflicted
for life with disease, by beng put into bed
which had been permitted to stand unoccu
pied. Keep the spare beds, when not in use
free from all covering but q light spread
EgHaHqn.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

The Ka.ss,< F,tj,asr gives the experience
of GOOD farmer who had tried feeding hogs
on wheat is well is corn. He said when
wheat was cheap he found profitable to feed
his hogs on it. He took 100 hogs and put
fifty in pens and fed corn, and fifty and fed
wheat, with the following result: The fifty
with corn made eleven pounds per buShel, the
fifty with wheat made seventeen pounds OF
good solid pork per bushcl OF wheat. The
wheat was ground like wheat, boiling water
poured over il, and then let stand torty-two
hours
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

DEATHS FROM TRIcHINA.-In Kankakee
City. there have been 10 cases of trichina
from eating portions of diseased pork. por-
lions of which was subjected 10 q critical
microscopic test, and found to contain great
numbers ~ trichina. There have already
been two deaths, and many others are lying
in critical condition. Part of the muscle was
taken from the leg of the deceased msn, and
upon examination was found 10 contain
irichina.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

Many people like onions, but dislike TO eat
them because Of the bad taste that remains in
the mouth This can be remedied b. boiling
The sliced onions in e half gallon Of water
for the space Of e minute or two. Pour ii
off: add pepper, salt ann butter, and when
dished few sDooniGlS Of sweet cream. No
taste Of onions viii remain in the mouth, nor
can IL be detected Oh Tie breath,
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

Group can be cured in one minute and the
remedy is simply alum and sugar. The way
to accomplish the deed is 70 take knife and
and CRATE and shave off in sinai! Particles
about a teaspOonful Of alum; then mix It
with twice is quantity If sugar TO make it
palatab,e and administer ltas quickly as pos
siblc. Almost instantaneous rclIei viii FOL
lnW
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

A married lady who was in ihellablt Of
spending most OF EeF time in the society OF
her neighbors, happened 10 be taken Ill, and
sent her husband in great haste for physi-
clan. The husband ran short distance, and
then returned exclaiming, Ny dear, where
shall ! find van when come backn
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

Says the Belvijere >.ggFud. The corn
raised this year lacks IN nutritious qualities,
also the oats y hog or horse, say the far
mers, requires 20 eat al the while, ana then
acts as # half starved THIS accounts FOR the
thin pork The corn never really reached
maturity, hu. was prematurely ripened by
the droutn and extreme heat. Ii will not DO
fnr scpI Clrn
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30

In the way Of B!acksmtha-, wood work, 3t., nfntrps
anu CheaIy done, Orders IRON abroad delivered o. Otss
cars 81 canal boat tree OF charge. . -
July 10Th, ls5G. aoIIS 'EVfE
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1875-01-30
GREEN'S MILL.

The ahoye MI, IA IN rood repair for ding both Merchant
and custom Work; and the Undersigned wish J. generally
that they grind ckwheGt any day IN me
week They grind IN the ear for tc tenth Du'he
Dr tor seven cents cash.
Good Stabling In connection with the mil. ana person,
coming from distance stay IN the mil II they GcshI
thereby avoiding any outlay In money.
HouDg By personal attention 70 business - mtrI' n
heretofore, liberal share OF your custom.
Dayton. H.. Jan. 5, lstj-+w D. GREEN q So.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1875-04-15
Practice and Science Agree.

SOMETIMES practice and science seem
to be at variance, but after a while they
make 1t up and come to good under
standing. Practice has always said that
vegetable mold was good thing to have
in the soil, and that somehow or other
plants obtain great deal of heterogeneous
nourishment from it. The proof of it
was in the crops. The gardener thought
the same, and his pot plants gave CON
vincing evidence of it. He has gone on
saving his leaf-mold and gathering it
where he could and putting his plants in
1T all the same, while the chemists were
proving to their satisfaction that humus
did not amount to much, and even have
seemed to prove that fertile garden
soil has little, if any, more power than so
much sand to supply plants with nitro
gen." They could not find that the CON-
bined nitrogen ever got into the form of
ammonia or nitrates. At last it has oc
CURED to one of the chemists, of a prac
tical turn of mind, to test the matter by
growing plants in pots, in the gardeners
way, supplying them with different
quantities of vegetable mold and with
holding it from others OF the same sorts,
and then chemically Analysing the plant
to see what it had got. This has been
done by Prot. Storer, and full account
of the result will be found in the
last (third) part of the Bulletin of
the Bussey Institution. 1t comes out
clear that plants do get a deal of
heterogeneous food from vegetable mold,
just as the practical people thought;
although how it comes about still puz
zles the chemists. An important paper
by Mr.. Armsby, of the Sheffield School,
discussed last summer at the Hartford
meeting of the American Association,
comes to the same upshet, finds the gain
unequivocal, but yet cannot trace it
into the form either CT nitric acid or am
monia. OF course vegetable mold will
not do everything, and good farming can
be carried on without it when artificial
fertilizers can be had, and its powers
may sometimes be greatly enhanced by
the proper additions. But vegetable
mold, especially in cool climates, where
1t most accumulates, and where also it
is more useful than in warm climates, is
store that nature has been an immense
while in gathering. and which it costs
nothing to use. Now, after hearing it
deprecated by the chemists of late
years, it is pleasant to see one of them
come to the conclusion: There can be
little doubt that, for the present support
of agricultural crops, the vast stores of
vegetable mold that have accumulated
in the soil through the decay of many
generations of plants constitute a more
abundant and more important source of
nltrogenized plant food than any other
A971culturist
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1875-04-15
Spring Ronnets.

OPENINGS of millinery at exclusive
houses settle all vexed questions and de.
eide details about bonnets. The absence
OF all ornaments such as jet or filigree is
remarked and scarcely yard of lace is
used. trimmings consist entirely of
flowers, gros grain and the various new
RIBBONS. Of The last, serge ribbon. soft
and hnely twilled, is the choice with
fashionable milliners. Brocaded scarfs
are rich and effective, but they have
been so largely imported that they Will
probably become common. There are
no more monotone bonnets The chip is
of one color, the ribbon another. the
face trimming third, and the flowers
are several different colors. Cream
white, pale yellow and poppy red pre-
vail, and they are associated with other
colors IN ways that form odd and new
contrasts. OF twelve hats designed by
Nlrot for New FORK milliner not one was
without touch of scarlet some yhere.
The shape that promises to secure
favor is that with wide Ealo trim and
large crown. The brim is turned up
broadly above the forehead ana slopes
narrower on the sides sod back. Chip
bonnets of this shape have full face
trimming and rouleau tina: extends
under the entire brim, even crossing the
back and holding it out from the nair.
Much of the style of the bonnet depends
upon this roll under the brim, and il also
ADDS to the comfort of the wearer, as
such oonnets, when properly placed on
the mead, MT so trinity that an elastic for
holding them on is almost superf1uous.
The hair must be dressed close to the
head and very softly, dispensing with
topsies" and other hard filling for
braids. Ladies just returned from Paris
wear long and wide Catogan braid tied
by bow above the nape of the neck
their front hair is fully frizzed and all
finger putfs are abandoned. The new
bonnet is then set saugly on the head
neither too far forward nor back, and the
effect is excellent. Two long streamers
OF white tulle, each yard long and
three eighths of a yard wide, are put on |
the back of the bonnet and tied under |
the chin; these are the only strings
seen. AS we have already said. the |
trimming is massed high in front and |
does not always surround the crown.
Most bonnets have wreath of flowers
somewhere, either under the brim or |
around the crown. These French flowers
are me and costly, making chip bonnets /
without lace cost as high as forty dollars. /
hlte flowers are used on black chip or
lace bonnets; the favorite among these
are creamy syringa, jonquils, dwarf. /
roses, clover, bachelors buttons, haw.
morn, clematis and small snow balls.
l'aie-tlnted blossoms of apple and other
fruit trees, forest flowers and pale prim-
roses are mingled with dark red peoples.
artemisia, and roses that are al.
most black. Brown chip bonnets are en-
livened by facings and rouleaux of pale
rose coier on the brim, and by softly
lraped scarfs of rich brocade. Black
chip oonnets are frightened for spring
by face trimmings of pale blue garden
Dinks under the brim and blue scarfs
outside. An elegant halo bonnet of black
hip has creamy facings of gros grain,
With scarlet peoples aud dark glossy ivy