, 1875-08-15
FAMILIAR TALK.
INVENTIONS.

FAMILIAR TALK.
INVENTIONS.
Tho art Of knitting was invented iu Scotland.
shout the commencement Of the sixteenth centu-
~. In 1889, William Lee, OF Woodbridge, Noting
hsm, invented the knittiDg-frame BY which white
stockings, single drawers, and other similar gar
ments, are woven. Hand-looms were constructed
by mankind in the dawn OF their civilization,
but the power-loom originated with DR.. Cart
wright in 1887. The ribhon-ioom IVES the prod
uct Of the sixteenth century. Wind-mii1s were
introduced into Europe by the Saracens and
into England in 1868. The cotton-gin was in
vented by Eli Whitney in 179a Tho first use OF
steam IS motive-power Was probably made by
Blasco de Garay, who exhibited a steamboat
OF his own invention in the hArhor OF Bar
celona in 1543 The first successful effort
ITO raise water by fire" WAS made
by the Marquis Of Worcester, who
described the steam apparatus by which he &C
complished the affair, in 4 manuscript dated
1865. Thomas Newcomer secured patent for
an atmospheric engine in 1705. James Watt
made the first important improvement upon this
in 17G9, and continued thenceforth to develop
the capabilities OF the steam engine until he had
brought it to such degree Of perfection that it
superseded all other machinery for pumping out
mines, and expelled al simpler applications Of
natural forces from ths mills
To Robert Fulton be1opgs the honor OF having
t1iumphantly applied steam to the propulsion Of
vessels. In 1907, the little steamer Ciermont
piled from New York to Albany, travelling at the
rate OF miles per hour. The idea Of using
steam in navigation had been conceived by
~ fcr{11
to prove it's prscticabi1ity. The engine
furnishing the Clermont was made BY
Watts and Bolton. About the commencement
Of the present century mining engineer named
Trevithiok produced the locomotive engine
Railways we're already ip use at various col
heriea in England, and the possibilities Of in
PRODUCING locomotives On common roads had
been considered by Watts and other inventors,
but the high-pressure engine was regarded by
them unsafe for such PURPOSES, and the plan
was given over. Trevitbick persevered with the
project until he had constructed locomotive
working by adhesion alone. aud moving at a
velocity Of miles an honr while dragging
burden of Is tons. Unfortunately, oua Of his
engines exploded at an early stage in his expert
ments and the accident threw his invention
into discredit In the hands OF George Stephen
son the locomotive vas afterward Immensely
improved, and the present system Of railroad
travel introduced into England
The threshing- machine Was invented by An |
drew Meikle, Scotch mechanic. in 17S7- The |
air pump vas invented By Otto Gueficke. Ger
man physicist. in 1850 4 method at printing. |
OF stamping, was known to the Assyrians, and |
the Chinese have for many centuries possessed !
the art Of printing from wooden blocks The !
discovery of the modern process of printing !
from movable types dates back only about 400 |
vears The credit Of the discovery is aac1ibed to
four different claimants: GutenbuTg and Faust !
OF Germany, Aod Laurence Coster and 6cho6er !
Of Holland The first book prinsed in Europe J
vas the Latin Vulgate. which was Issued be-
tween 145o and 1455t and is DOW known as the
Mazarin Bible. The earliest known impression
from wood cut is dated 14l8
Lithographv, the art Of printing from stone,
was discovered by AloTs Srefelder. al actor IN
Munich, towards the c]ose OF the last century.
The original Photographic process was dlscoyar-
world in 1sss Tor the confederation Of yearly
income OF 5000 francs. Card photographs
were invented by Disderi, the Court
photographer Of Louis Napoleon: The sand-
blast process Was patented b. Dir. T. q. High
rnau, OF Philadelphia. The artificial 1nanufac-
ture OF ice vas originally invented By Alexander
s, Tw,ning, an American Frunklin discovered
tha identity Of lightning With the electric fluid.
Prof. Joseph Henry, in 1882, established the
fact that the electromagnetic could be applied in
transmitting te1egrapbic signals. The tFst mile
OF telegraph Was put il successful operatiou By
anusa ai "Gu; lnetrumeT il universal use
sas invented by Prof. Morse, and exhibited by
him in 1887. The planning machine originated in
America. The sewing machine was invented by
Elias Howe and patented in 1841- The mover,
he reaper, the rotary printing presses, the
and the grain~elavasot are Ill prod
lets Of American ingenuity.
The harp and the organ are said to be the In
yeution Of Jubal Genesis w., 2I) 3875 &. G. II
a supposed the organ mentioned In the Scrip
;ures uss identical with the pipe Of Pan OF the
incient Creeks 1t consisted OF seven or more
.eeds OF unequal length. The instrument is
IT'LL used BY the shepherds Of tho Orient, and.
kllifully played, produces tolerable music. The
rame Of the harp or Tyre in Its simplest form
VA made Of bones and tortoiee-shel]. The
sckbQt was originally four r-strinxed instFn-
oent OF triangular shape. The strings we're
increased to twenty. It is said that
o7ered in Herculaneum, where it had been en-
ombed nearly 1000 yea1e. The psaltery was
3abyionish Instrument resembling ten-st11ng-
d Tyre or harp. HONS, drums, trumpets, and
ther ancient nations al : very eazty
ay. The flute is said to hare
cen invented by Hyagnia, If 1906 The piaoo-
orte was invented BY J. c. schroter, IA organist
t Dresden, in 17f7. The harpsichofd mst up
cared IN tbs fifteenth century. It was intro.
uced into En9land esrly in 1600. The spinnes
tas the fashionable instrument for the ladies'
"a in Elizaoeth'a time. and she was herself
lever performer. The origin Of the violin has
cen tfaced back to the Indian Rdea"astron. ~
,struuueut still played by mcud1cant Buddhist
,onks. and declared by tr1iltion to have been
vented BY Ravana. King Of ceyIon, 5000 3, G.
be yiol was the immediate precursor of the
iolin. The first si1 musical notes are believed
, have been invented by Guy A1etlno, Bene-
ictiua monk Of Arezzo, in 1925 Tho notes IN
resent use were perfected in 1888.
The invention Of the car or chariot Ia secribed !
q Erich ThoEuus Of Athens, about 1885 B. G.
oyered cars were used by the RomAns aud Ter-
n,n the Elder introduced the triumphal car,
tuch was shaped like throne. It ia etated By
eeknan that the Queen Of CHARLES Of Anjou !
,tered Naples in care&ia, OF coach. in 1882.
, the time OF Francis l. there were but two
,sches in Paris.-one owned by the Queen, and .
IL