New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-08-21
opossuIn embryos

NE WIZ
alcoholic specimens of ernthorhynchus cchidna, and
opossuIn embryos.
MUSCLES or MEN AND APES.
Prot Barnard read another paper exhibiting his
toinfcal researches II compared the muscles II
with those Of the higher apes, showing te points Of
similarity az well as of difference An interesting point
made in this paper the statement that cue of
bullock muscles supposed TO be peculiar higher
apes, distinguishing them from man, really existed IN the
human body ami in q similar position II was shown
that the muscle thus described NY Trail and afteIward by
Wilder the chmpanzee and by Owen and Bscho as
IN the orang. and by Coues IN the opossnm Is also
found in and offers distinction in respect
Three new muscles about the hip joint, found in the
orang and some oher apes also made the subject Of
description; these muscles have homologues in
Two OF these act 20 rotate The leg and draw IL inward
the otner too small TO have any functional value
cllfng also In some Of the lower aud tine
The other usees in this region Of the body were like
those OF man. hut IN the OF the
short mead of the beeps Ct The thigh found entirely
separated Ihs l. only occasionally the VITA the
org and this peculiarly not known in any
other animal The two Large external muscles of the
calf do not unite with each other 10 form single tendon
Achilles consequently IN tue this tendon double
which sometimes occurs with narsupals These Inv es-
LEGATIONS which were explained IN much technical detail.
tend 10 prove that all the muscles possessed by man
can i've traced backward in the lower forms
oids. These muscles are specialized
and the higher apes in the lower forms they are less
of descent from animals in which they exist in more
primitive condition. Thus from comparison Of mus
cles the 81 the Derivation OF higher
forms from lower arrived AT rs nave been reached by
ton. Numerous examples given and series Of mus
ces traced from down 10 the lemurs or rather from
proof Is that il is obtained from living instead
extinct animals The paper Illustrated by drawings
i hey npes nre fnaconaliv widely dstinrisheti from
bat 10 structure were nearly relates, to him
This paper elected approving comments IO1 the polo
ests present. incluimg Prof Cope
THE EdBRYOLoGY OF RATS
Prof Wilder hlndeG around queer looking si'ec-
in alcohol, proceeded TO say that little atteL
tio, been paid omhryoogy of bats. The only
figures are of somewhat advanced cnbryos by Ger
vis and there is no detailed of their Of
development. Yet it would naturally he desirable on
the following grounds First, striking illustration
Of the similarity OF mammalian limbs, and indeed entire
embTyOs early period For greater difference Is
known than that between he leg ard the wing Of bat
Yet AZ Agasz had stated, and the specimens here ex
hbited snow the Young bat IL MISUNDERSTANDING from
the Young OF any other mammal and when ITS limbs first
appear they simple heshy pads which are apparently
identical with each other and with all Other limbs at
a corresponding The specimens aud figures ex-
hihted show the OF transformation of these pads
into legs and wings. 49,,
second: From a geological point OF view, these little
bats interesting since some OF tDen are no, Only I'M
dist ncishabe from other mammals, hut others pear
Thus confirming the steadily growing opinion tiit tne
bats are not separate order hat DIVISION oi me III
Thard Certain facts recorded IN TINS paper shegest
strange ply sicoSical ald social ara eNen ld'
"a time. II has been stated by owen LAT DaIs commonly
produce only time. The speaker had searched
an available records and had found that including ihe
two species of lcSDeIfiHO upon flnR.e nuNiuudH OF
which fhe generalization based more females
! of Eve other species have produced sngle young
at BIRTH with one Brazilian species tng
mems OF which females aud all but two of these
conlanrd each "a single young. Bnt, IA IL recorded III
the proceedings for last year IT 20 individuals OF Iesge
tbs si5uldi,s, each c0ntained Two 3oIg F4iH! Two
individuals OF IaSias aorcbordee'ss mad each three
vouu. alrea.y Do.n, aud clin-lng - tue mOSler
The above show that bats may have eitner H. or
mnch more extended oDscfNatl"ns axe required pe4ore
generalization is proper. . .
q IN several cases the bats taken in locality
all or nearly all females In GtEer eases the tEo sexes
were found great numbers III separate caVitIes OF
a. Where two young were found they in opposite
sides cS f, abdomen But IN all Of the 10 Nycaon,as.
nc Eie Pam d,tfcr - "a sores If was on The left
e observations lacking 10 the power ~ flight or
has with vounc either afeI birth. IL would
ap1par that have much more living power tian ~
REQUIRED for their support Thus should he taken
mo account in AL estimates oi the size OF wnG ana te
fbicness Of rnsclp required human fight r would
seem possible that legless man. with small h adj ann
tre Sm an eaTly age iccecc in develop the poetrl
muscles extent comparable WIN those oil The oat
INDIAN ANTIQUITIES.
Lieut. Cornelius c. Cusck il the Chief Of the Tusca-
roras If New York and is OF of Indian blood
himself He deeply interested in relics and antiquities
Of The aboriginal dwelers on our continent His paper
an This subicc. was profaseiy Illustrated by his ad
milahle blackboard drawings These were principally
representations Of the plans and characteristics Of the
e,.eat works left by the Mound Builders Newark,
Ohio Although il has been generally conceded that
The works built for military defense, this is not
Lent Clscls opinion He showed reasons for suppos
ing that the alleged Notifications were really Enclosures
for driving IN game He first showed that the round, and
eocord thar the SQUARE form OF forts would not for
for
outlines of these works evidently that Of animal
The history several fraudulent antiquities with He
rev characters was largely discussed by speakers who
,ouowcd These engraved and carved curiosities
rot up by ingenious individuals for the express purpose
of hoaxng scientific men copper awi was eX hiblie!
VrbIch Md been IL is believed. made by the Mound
Enildcrs and which had been handed down among mod
eri tribes with ereuts veneraon for IN unknown nun
Der years and from remote antiquity. Many other
I cfrions speciInC Us were exhibited
Prof f. T. Cox OF Indianapolis presented an interest
~ account ancient carthwor -unpOsed Ia be by the
MtnInd Builders, near Anderson, Ind some OF these
structures are yet IN a me stare OF preAeI' auoh'
NEW PORCELAIN CLAY.
PRO, Cox read before the Geological subsection in
eresting OF the discovery Of new addition 10
tpdiapss mineral wealth. He calls it Indianaile In
ssicevallty township, Lawrence County md 3l2 miles
north Of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad and in high
ridge which bears little OF north and west of south,
there s an EXTENSIVE bed Of white porcelain clay In its
chemical composition this clay agrees very closely with
tie Kaolin has been derived nom the decomposition
of fel.pathie rocks But studied by its Theological char
aeters and mode of origin there is marked dis
rncton between them Tie geological position of this
CLAW 10 which Prof Cox has applied the name OF Indiana
i've is indicated o. the following section
Feet
Top Of the ridge soil and lay..''.''.'.--.-. ,oa
Milestone grit. with pebbles 49, 100
Baieoiored clay IN tnn layers..-----.--l IN. to l
brow FTo%S SliiG red fa-te Siay free from
seIlone iron ore -, - Oh