, 1875-03-04
WORK OF EXPLORERS.
Additions to Geographical I1lt'w1-
edge III tho Past Ycnr.
Tho Animal Address Of f'hicf.Justlce
DnIy Before tic American Gco~
graphical Suciety.


audience ahsou,ea Iast osening at Tho i1at Of
the New York Historical Society, At Second awe
tito mid Eleventh Essoct 10 hear Chiof-Justico
Days annual ld,1rosa before tile American Geo.
graphical HucIoty. Judge Days address, the
subject of which was The Geographical Work
OF the World III ts7t," uaH illustrated by nlnps
aua number of storeopsran views, reprehout-
lug Rconos In Tho Arctic reRiong, mud tho work Of
exploration tlcto; nountanu, villages and aav-
agea, In Fornloaa, and other accncs. Following
IN an outline OF the address, whicl, was 'lststcd
to With great interest aud attention.
Apnl.xAs ~ cntEr-IuarlrE nALr.
FELLOWS Or THE AEoonAPa1oAL SOCIETY: Tho
1eSe
iva ccttA. Thcrs have ocii Btcnt ratnfas III certain
atts Of is n'sth followed Y s"1mos y; ana aa,1asnX
masses Of SHOW extreme cold turing the rass and pres.
ont wintcE and earthqnate and Volcanic disturbances
Nosnt Id oir character Nor A Injurious In thclf
effect. the like r'esfolneua III tho past few years.
Obtained os ss,el, occurrence. oyer we rorsion ot
tho carn aneface ~ well NJ Of thcr s1act character,
M st;,n "A 4 st, to .m II s
preaching atmospheric 1hlurha,cen laso within tho
!snt two years brt Numerous. and havd been Ferl-
nel In many iHAtaucn4, that 1t may now 10 slated
y bc within tic power Of scenco 10 anticipate thcss
occurrences and tlercty to considerable e1ten, to
Tho year has been distinguished by rery important
eSen hs Transit o vsnn .e SsssystlanH,f Which,
o tes s hu u
ascertain tha distance Of tlo asst from he sun. IN
respect to observation hartng relation TO tho earth
ito lslitf lint iho earth Il slowly and gradually
shr,nks At The e9uatoF, md being coSrsI"ndugly
seat of Which disturbanees S les whin bst
e "a h u Il: ;9h genss nasss Of y noss soss
voyage Of exploration around the world hava rrevi-
ously given .econ. has oeen du5ug the eurly pari
slaa.l. sho ss .!arug tho residue q ths year hasn
go with most fatsfactory rcaults. pr. Carpenter
s.i!l earnestly advocating a epry Of oeeauio ctss.
% ps4 s's seaens ese 10 .se saatos. wh,s iedss
ocean lovr at tho poles. caltcs ulranght Of TIE
warn, anrtacc.xater q Tie Atlantic to GoT 10
horizontal circulation which Completes itself and
cot,ts for tho Gull srealn sud other heuo'nena cor.
windR r. Croll, the other hand, n,alntains that
all tho movements Of the water Of the pcean, tho deep
y .ee x %ats Mr. a1 IL " iu
lll,sian nay, cons.icrs that bath atmospheric and
o1ur current" aro a,b1rct 70 general laws nn4 dts-
r.tan ID thn weigh. ot tho wntor aud tlo a..osphors.
:ho revolution Of tAe earth upon 'sa axis. nnd tho at-
o. .ae gSosraphisal woFk q tho world during tho
snaM GeSS % w M nst aet y es ss
nil,.ed The abo1a Il tho Engineer Corps during tho
lst year ~ two bully sola1ae' courrs1na ne r.
v1:ssenyns Il hsrsols and 1sse the .n1sey uf
wy Il ths W o,l.hs Of the M.tl.sipni nlyor rith
r.ow Of obtaining su1lcent depth II water for te u
Gill of Sisxco o. dcspeul,,s is natural outlet. to o
e'ana,ion q NE al'y1a basin Of tho Mississippi lysr
| RMnIeot to iIuntation; tAB continuation Of tAo
survey OF ho northern and northwestern lakes; sur
roSs tos military maEs; aurve5s for tbs Irritation of
connoisanes IN paris Of ws'tern Novu|a sn, jacent
California, aud geugrsnheo explanations u the grs.t
sg ~ sEow eant sSes ca
E. il. RuIner, and Capt. ". Ludlow. =.
Commander q T. nslk9ar essrgsd WITH s,es1tan,
sca sounanxa ii tist part Of the Pacific o:e1n, which
,epth Of the lss!no aid tLo powerful aetion oi tht
snb~'narus c'srEents Tho Ho'ntgs 81 The TascaIoss
the auitsb,cnrss of ha ocean bottom for telegraph
emile from. San Francisco to Honolulu. II III
sSs ian a. nSas s9a S Snss ss1s rom ,'s
.noss unvsrstng. soie oo1y Lut.um Az tl1e socas!
,o" .s,s ,e4r pst oln IN aTsps xt M
srrosy i + gratifying T. 10 as 10 static tbat III
rltory after te payment of all expenses, ts grcate
than that from my other territory, an will In twcnt,
years e1tinga.ah tLe del What has hss .!oue In *
fny laid hcforo tho Rocley by Lieut.. co'lius, las
spsIus that Il 4 ouy neec.aaty far INC to stass that h
ploEaon Of the rnute by tho Acrato, and that Lieut.
tu has also gons for tto examination OF What i
Ths Aretio sYent ot to year hsa been tho return o.
tho officers and CHOW Of the Tegcthof Of tho Austrian
expedition, and tho important discoveries mado y:
thcm. Tho reoiAs geographical ctrctnsttnre in tht
expedition is hat. in other acnipn to rcarh THO pole
where yessela htso beou oa,ghs III the leo aud drf.td
ills caro- tue Tesoshuf dsiftea nofthwari. pf
Chavas,Ea eomes q tAs conclusion thst Tho dnl
Now B!barta Islands, and n,etsa ihe warn! JapRncs
current, aud that tho two warm currents thus untte
Lave tho siarcs OF tho Arctic Continent. 80 a. to rea
Capt. 1eut went much further than this In h'h theory
which was that those two warm currents met 1t u
pole aud produced thcro ~ sha warmth anu anslln
Of thclr waters an optn l'olaf seas
In Eurppe tho Governmental Furyeys herctofpr
jutcI ossnro.nsnt Of u. srs uf Ii. meridian Tas le
gun last autumn. That tho remains Of The ancient cit
v p Na s sss S try :
ars wAa have c1am,nol tho locality This recsu
exrarstton4 III iompcii show that what has hcen Fe
nov ubjcst,, and sono Of sho deepest Interest. I'll
Sag hrs e sa NJ" sss a.n.
objects, especially On the Eslasl,De, relating !
Sss nj ssi'ns 1ysso In & tSa n
sneislt Euypaa ,nsl!cal ueat!sa has bssn licovcrs
0 Sla1s MesF, Ct L'a % w. Sfsn "
medical sconee Mt that thus, Aud the description
Tho drugs n'rnsousa in st ahaws ah. at that period
etl Asia, .n thst tlers o.sieI thua nj tntessl.ang
aas & s ss4s iqa. Il ns ss Sssas
mind tho dicuea civilization has u struggle VIII
III India from tho rupid growth Of vegetation. fAot
ruius III lbs Ai country Of IaSsh. which 10 hnza i
ran identify win nomo Of tho lost biblical cst!ea
Ienry Mauasey has also ads seccat discoveries upo