, 1875-08-01
FRANCE.

Was opened to-day BY Marshal sud Madame Mac
Mahon. It Ii held in tho Flora Pavilion, thai
! new portion Of the Tuilsries where the Prince
! Imperial was to have resided. and the contlg-
| uous galleries OF the Louvre. extending to ball
| in size, shape aud height corresponding with
| the salla dea Etsts. The proceeds Of this in
terestinE exhibition will go to the relief Of VIC
! tina OF the Languedoc inundAtons. To-day
! admission WAS s francs but there will be lowe1
| rates and free d2ys. Tie Geographical Society
must have been at considerable expense in get
ting up this exhibition. It IL wali that 80 many
o. 1ts members are very wealthy. II. Drouyu do
Lhuys, formerly Minister for Foreign Affairs, ia
sad 70 be tho directing mind. The President,
Admiral Ronclere de u Noury, has been hindere&i
| oy Official duties from tak1pg part 10 the con-
gress, but be has subscribed handsome sum to
| detray tta necessary expenses.
very good catalogue IL sold at the door.
learn FROM it that THU lltY-eisht rooms are taken
| up with tue exhibition The objects exhibited
afo classed into seven groups Group l hae to
| 20 with aeographical mathematics, geodasy, and
topog1sphy and the Instruments pertaining to
them-a1aongst others large telescope, which
bas baen set up id the attic story. Group 2
deals With photography and maritime eeocrsphy.
The thiid group is poor in retrospective interest
unless we regard it as kind OF old~world his
tory unconsclously written by floods and vocan-
&c tres. 1t embraces phys1oa! geography, genes-
al meteorooey, eeneral geology, botanical and
geological geography, and general anthropotogY
There are soue memorials Of the ai1t ase,
and casts OF sknlls found in tho cay
e1ns OF the Lot and near Mentone. The
best please bookworms, it being rica IN
ancient sreatises, printed And in manuscript, on
geographical subjects fantastically designed old
maps, old Instruments ethnographic collections
and geographlcal dictionaries In my neces-
satiy-hurried glance A. these interesting objects,
saW chart Of the world draw BY Sebastian
Cabot in 15A; Charles the Flfth'a map OF his
dominioDs, Ton which the sun never set, !" with
marginal notes written by him in Flemish; Al
eleveoth-century atlas, complied and Illuminated
BY the monks Of The Aboey Of St. Sever, in
Laoguedoc; another OF the eighth century,
showing where the Garden Of Eden lay (Which Is
cone by picture Of some cherubim with fam
ing swords guarding the Tree OF Lifel the dss-
and the lands where tile seven walls viii prnb-
ably be poured out Each map is collection OF
images like those hidereal charts in which the
CONSULTATIONS are Get in the bodies Of the AMI
nsls alter which they we're named
Before quitting Group 1. caunot help speak
ing Of de- Maize de IL Bourdo1nai's Autograph
Map Of the East Indian French Colonies. It was
drawn iu the Bsstlle, into which the author was
thrown because Of Oliyo's Successes in India.
Prince de Bohan Guemenoe, the founder Of
p0rient- got up cabal agaiost him Ut YER
ealles. He was thrown into tie Iron Masks
cell, and deprived OF writing nateriala. The
Governor had orders not to let him communi-
cate with any one, and to see that he did uot
speak TO his keepers in taking the regulation
walk on the platform But pecesaitv is the
mother of invention. De u Dourdonnai was a.
ingenious as hs Was brave- He saved his brandy
rattons {at the Bastile the victuals were excel
lent when the prisoners did not belong to the
dungeon OF basement category. to steep two
white pooket-haudkerchiefs ii them. Thus pre-
pared, tn ey Served as paper. The INK WIS made
With grease aud coflee-g1ounds, and de Il BouE-
donnai drew and wrote with = piece OF wood
No less than twenty manuscript maus OF
Portulao, the grost Portuguese geographer Of
the eud Of the fifteenth or tbs earIg part Of the
sixteenth century, figure IN this group
Passing on to Group S, We find ourselves in =
region OF statistics, aud Of social POLITICAL and
agricultural economy. It ia astonishing what
maps can be made to tall. especially when drawn
the increase and decrease Of population in given
periods, the progress Of agriculture; traco the
course Of cholera, OF typhoid, and Of smallpox,
Of grape disease and cttsle~plague; ahow where
schools flourish and where they do not where
d1anksunssa tahsz1g and eSga2dage a5oaD
hand il hand. The breath Of pine woods seems
to affect tbs morals OF = country. Maine, the
State Of the lquor-law, is 1.-THE pine-wood State"
Of nc The '0Eges aFs soas1 the
fremont and diagonally across tue
o-untU to Thann, police arc less
needed than in any other part Of France though
tae population is numarous- Anabaptists have
created terrestrial elysiunns for themselves in
clearinga in the pino forests by the Meuse and
Mosele- Across the Rhine, Morayians aud other
piors sectaries attracted to the Black Forest
Cral-snoke has = tendency to brutA]lze the
working -clasess. Wherever it blots cut the
blessed light Of heaven the judges chauces OF
Bia" ts fond OF strong liquors, but Teutonic |
geographers absolye her from the dark stain Of !
cr1minslity. Group has to deal with the teach |
ing and diffusion Of geog1aphy, and Group |
with explorations scientific and commercial voy- !
ages, and tours in search OF tho picturesque. |
pretty nearly in the hands OF Germ ans. It II |
not, therefore, surprising il the yast Empire Of |
the Cza1s ia 90 we'll represented At the geograph- !
ical exhibition.
membered half Of the people whom bis sceptre
sHaYs. The Imperial Society Ct ST. Petersburg !
is the iuvariab1e pioneer OF military axpeditlou8-
1ta geographical energy takes Tor its objective
the countries which Peter the Greats deacend-
ants have annexed. and those which they are
charged with coseting. klivs WAS mnutely
mapped as early as 1883 by Muscovte surveyors,
who have since pushed on to the northern alopes
OF the Himalayas, and to the smiling islands OF
Japan. The savants conducting these scientific
ical mission. Their charts threaten t,Aay parts
Of Asia and the Valley Of the rolga with
the dreadful coal-snoks canopy. In the
Russian section thero is 4 collection OF col
ored terra Gotta figures. illustrative OF
tho different races governed BY the Gar.
They are very we'll executed, aud though Of
naivo style, are devoid Of the stiffness obssrva-
sble in the medieval sculpture OF Western Eu-
rope. The United States is for the present
scarcely represented. Some volumes Of etstls-
.ics thrown carelessly on table. some blue
books SONS maps, showing ths rapid growth Of
he country, and very large fag surmouuted
By fue spread eagfe, we're Ill could sec In the
American department Switzerland has three
+ 1el-stocked rooms, Germany two, Hungary md
austria two, England two, and France eight.
The United Alpine clubs have IN exhibition OF
;heir own in Sale Xxx Observations Of tho
9zasaga Of Venus by French saEants viii be
ound By tho visitors in Sale 3XNL SAlle XIII
9 devoted to arms and objects OF primitive
md prehistoric times. In another room are
he treasures brought from hhi7s, which
Madame nhcMnhon examined miuute1r.
4 Scandinavian savant, in an opscure corner OF
he Swedish section, initiated with electric light
he aurora bo,ealis. Fourteen nations no rep
:esen,ed At the geographical exhibition. TheE
atandarda are grouped around shields
,ear.n9 their arns in the Usil OF Congress, st
be head Of which there ia = map Of Franco "a
netres bv II, compoaad Of the 274 sectional ooea
II the etat major. Aarshal MscMahon was
xpha q hipafr hron uhk |