davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-06-08

another lower summit, now marked bY the
monument as the scene or tine principal acton,
the slope OF which brought II the nearest 70 Bos.
ton, the river lowing between II ana copp's hiiL
Boston, distant bout half mile. The peninsula
OF Cnarlestown terminated near the mouth OF the
Mystic, where the bridge 10 Chelsea now opens,
in a sim lower elevation known as Monlton's nm
and Moulion's Point. II would seem that while
residents distinguished these three SUBMITS ny
their respective names they were called by others
by the general designation OF Cnarlestown Heights
or Bunker Hill.
II the Provincials could have occupied and In
trenched both Bunker aud Breeds hin. IL would
OF course have been for their advantage. But
evidently 1t was essential that the summit nearer
to Boston should have been first secured II does
not appear that the object OF the enterprise was
10 give the Provincials the means OF assaulting
the enemy IN Boston, but to prevent their attain
ing possession OF the Heights. Much precious
time however. was spent alter the detachment
had crossed the Neck IN celebrating at what ee-
walton they should construct their first works.
gARTHwoRKs ON BREEDS HILL
Decision being reached, the lines were drawn
on Breeds Hill for a redoubt about eight rods
square. and the digging began at midnight. The
sally port, with its blind. was on the Mystic side,
and an earnen breastworK was begun on line
with the Boston side OF tho redoupt This was
supplemented Dy an OuIWOrk oUU leeb 10 the rear
OF 1t and with gap OF 700 feet betwe them
which there was not time to fill. The outwork
was q stone wall, about two feet high, with posts
supporting two rails. Other fencing matter was
hastily gathered, and being set parallel to this,
the space between was filled with the new mown
nay ON the ground. This ran down toward the
river, and proved OF great service during the day,
ana also in aiding the final retreat OF the Pro-
vncIals when driven from the redoubt. few
struggling trees and one or two barns were also
turned 20 account. 1t is remarkable how effective
these works were. considering how little time
and how scant the material afforded for them.
They served for protecting the legs, OF which our
soldiers were especially thoughtful.
IL was even more remarkable that these prepa-
ratlons should have been made on quiet, star
light night, with waning moon about midnight,
while the enemy had no knowledge OF what was
going on in such close proximity At least four OF
their armed vessels were boating in the channel
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-06-08
4 REVOLUTIONARY RELIC.

RESTORATION TO INDEPENDENCE HALL OF THE
INKsTASD USED BY THE sIGSEKs OF THE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
PHILADELPHIA, June = 1875.
An interesting ceremony took place at lnte-
pendence Hail ths morning. Standing beside the
table on which me Declaration OF independence
was signed Mayor StoEley received trem the hands
or Major Ettng the indelatiga0le gentleman who
has charge Of the restoration OF the old hall, an
ancient silver inKstand, which there Is every
reason or believing was the one used BY tue i'm.
mortal signers on the Atm OF July, 1916. Tais in.
valuable ana authenticated relic consists Of 4 sil.
yer tray, with . saEd box in the middle ana an
inkno.der on eacn side. IL was made by Phnp
Syng, silversmth, and cost G2j los, Its use, first
BY tn General Assembly, tAen BY the President or
Congress, tnen By the slgncrs oil the Declaration
then W General WASHINGTON and atefwsra as
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-06-08

more aggravated ana mordfying. The bury
Azure OF rnfnam On horseback had been
kcen c0urslng over the whole aeld, except
perhaps nc the redouDt, during the DAY.
Twice. at least, lie RODE between Cam
bridge aud Cnarlestown. his consuming wish
and purpose were to nave Bunker Htil Intrenehea
ana occupied. an even alter the retreat from the
rrdouDt aud ran fence began he fmplored the men
10 make a stand on that higher summit. But whas
could they have done lhereY There was not at
tue time powder enough IN the Cambridge camp,
hardly even IN the Province, TO nave enabled the
men 70 hold that summit, even had it been lort-
Hed, against the regiments and the marines Of the
British. There were olner hills close BY In
charcstown. Cambridge and Medford which
answered the purpose or the Proyincials for their
further work as well or better than would
have been an exposed occupancy OF Bunker
mn after they had lost Breeds Hin.
THE CASUALTIES
OF the days action on the side or the Provinclals
were-li5 KILLED. 3o5 wounded and 80 taken prison
ers-in an 49, In his return 10 the British War
Department General Gage acknowledged loss OF
1904 men, among whom were 10 commissioned Of
nccrs killed AMI 10 wounded. Of course IL was
tnoughi by the ProyncIas that he would under
state MS loss, waich they estimated at 800 HIS
gain Ia the M mr. was In the privilege ofoccu
psing ana defending charlesown, as well as Bos-
Ton. strong fortlncations were raised by him on
bcth hills. during The heats or summer, while
the number OF the sick and woundsd in Boston
almost bred q pestnence there, he enlarge
ment OF bis quarters, to even slight
a degree, was a gain TO him, but
tie winters cold and storms were an equivalent
onset. In The meanwhile the Provincials strength
ened .their llnea through their whole circuit.
Washington arrived at the camp as the nations
chief military onicer on July 3, and supern-
tended all the measures Tor organizing the army,
closely Deieaguerisg the enemy. In the follow
Ing March General Howe, who succeeded Gage,
having strangely neglected TO occupy the heights
OF Dorchester, these. after much secret prepare
tloa, were deliberately secured by the Provincials,
many circumstances favoring them. Howe was
then beneath their guns, which, however, could
not be turned upon Boston without injury TO our
property. Time therefore was allowed the I'M
welcome visitors TO PACK up and take to their
shipa GEORGE f. ELLIS.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-06-08

town. Many or these were still In the transports
IN which they had arrived, some, indeed having
come on the day before the engagement. and
being landed FOR the first time to take part in IL
found their graves on the soil where they first
put tier feet. The British General Gage mad
allowed such Of the Inhabitants OF Boston as de-
sired to DO so 10 leave 1t, without their arms and
under a proulise not 10 engage in hostllllies
against MIN. Many, however, remained 10 look
alter their AFFAIRS. Perhaps an equal number with
those VINO nc. having tory procnvites, went
into IL for protection rom the surrounding coun-
try Tue population may have been is. 600, suffer
ing from heaH providing ana the lack OF fresh pro-
visions.
BRITISH BLUNDERs.
Al the close OF the Revolutionary War 1t was
charged and admitted, alike on both sides OF the
water that the whole management OF nearly
every action and campaign on the part OF the
British war Department ana It's generals here
had been O series OF Dlunders. Reproach ridicule
and ofncial Investigations and censures were
visited on all the parties successfully responsible
In the matter These ieproaches began with the
scvcrcst structures upon General Gage in the
planning, method and conduct OF the engage
ments at Charlestown. Dispatches had Just
been Enclosed TO him Tor. his future direction in
command here when his returns or the affair In
Charestown reached The Ministry, and additional
dispatches we're at once transmitted recalling
him and transferring the command to General
Howe. who led the British forces in the assault
upon Breeds Hin. 1t was very easy TO subject
the method and the disastrous results OF
that AFFAIR on the part or the British to
sarcastic and censorious criticism. But however
much OF reason there may have been IN charging
blunders and mismauagement upon the mode OF
assailing the Provincial works, 1t seemed as II
Gage had been unDardonabIy DELINQUENT In not
having anticipated the ProvineIals IN the occupa-
ti0n OF the hills. As ALREADY suggested there had
been an opportunity to do this when the red coats
returned from their inglorlous excursion to Con-
cord. The heights could at any moment have
been put under the protection OF their armed ves
sels as the provncias were so poorly
provided with artillery that they could
have offered nttlc hindrances. Gage had,
II seems walked MP TO the necessity
Of enarglng ana extending the area OF his camp
and Of preventing the rebels from having the OBJ
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-06-08

OF the Charles. Prescott. with a guard, went
d0wn 20 the snore 10 make sure against q SURPRISE
ne heard the cries or the sentries, "All's wellr
and went back 10 Keep his men vigorously at
work on tie loose cartn OF their defences. The
moraing nght broke early on that, one Of the
longest DAYS of the year. Almost with its first
beams. which exposed the intrepid laoorers on
Breeds Hl aud the nature or their midnight
work q booming gun rom one or the vessels
almost Immediately followed BY volley, aroused
the sleeping population 81 Boston. citizens ana
soldiers 10 come forth and contemplate the scene
Amaze ment ana CONSERVATION seized upon them,
~ nom housetops. trees ana every height OF
ground that admitted o. view they realized that
the day was pregnant with some vital Issues.
he carthwoikS nad boon raised TO between six
ana seven ioei. anu already anOrJe so sufficient
a protection thaG the sh0t IRON the vessels had
bug Hftc eject. tbc men continued to work en-
I've several ntrcnchments unul near noon. Tney
had come ugou the ground tue previous night
vita tho understanding o. expectation that they
acre 70 be reinforced IA The morning some OF
them seemed 70 think Tat amer their exhausGing
t0u fhey oarnG 10 o. relieved bY fresh force Tor
she de.ence 81 the works a portion Of the onicers
a. . council cabcd ~ Prescott. were or this
opinia1, ana evea protested against The exaction
~ tss
p0rnLK prrY foR wEkRfED MEx.
Bui Prescott Wa arm 10 insisting that inc men
wha Ia raisea the works we're best lifted and
wen entitled 10 ne honor Of defending them. Ito
iupaftsa a. most > tnem his own ardeut resou-
u0n ana courage. assnung them thAt the enemy
wouaa nos ee hkeF ~ attempt Greet assault.
TIE consusiau ana distraction wAiea characterized
al IEe covenants u tls rrovincials OUTSIDE OF
zoe lntranCamtn.s ier tna remainder of the day
wsre iafAev attrihutabis % aoubt aud anxtety
"a fus pars General Ward a. 20 the probable
pl4ns of 40 enemi. Wlla tber armed vessels tney
fukea zee nsgk 81 Chareatown aDa mace aii com.
muBigaron Hlia tam1tiAge tefuob hazardous
rsFaags thsy uleni lsnl ~ that ncsk ana cut on
sac e. .achAsuaa "a Caarestown Heizhts Per.
Aapa tney m4aht maze rush icr Dc centre or
fas Provincial camp 80 IA was anke naz.
Afdous - SUBJECT reinforcing parties 10 The
penis 81 To- causousy ana - reauce the
Ares ttat might IA nse4ea ~ cambridge. A IL
was no ansmy Kepi ~ tnruugn the daT a
vigorous b0m5ardment 81 koxDury 10 engage az.
tsauoa 10 that erection Their preparations IN
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22
~ ,here n Man in the Moon ?

Al Panlateska, the highest point with
one exception ON the Himalaya range,
the Cassian government has for several
wears maintained an astronomical obser-
vatory. from which remarkable discov-
ery has been announced. The particu-
lars are as follows;
For several months peculiar or,ght
snot has been discovered, shining from
the extreme edge of the moons disk al
a point where no mountains break the
continuity of its perimeter The iigh'
suddenly disappeared and remained IN
visible for nearly twelve months. Il has
lately reappeared in greater briilianey
than ever, and the immense power oil the
telescope attached to the above ooserva-
torv so well known in the scientific
world. has developed the fact that the
l;obt proceeds from some huge FURNISHED
substance, acting as a mirror, which must
he at least 100 feet in diameter. Ihe
most astonishing thing in the matter is
the almost complete proof that this is ac-
,ually a mirror of artificial construction,
and the theory of the savans at falmat-
eska is that it is erected for Observation
Of a scientific character. principally 10
: observe the phases of the earths surface
1t is well known that the immense
hight of that portion of the moon which
u is turned towards the earth, not only
9 through the well known laws OF gravita
II ton. keeps that surface presented toware
d us, but also renders it uninhabitabie. l
4 is supposed that the side turned from u
e NAV have an atmosphere suitable 10
W animal life, and that intelligent being
at observing the halo of light shed aroun
es its horizon by reflections from the earti
s. NAV have taken this means to ascertai
Is the cause. Some ingenious device
us place a mirror at hight where anim'
VI life could not be sustained was the resul
on 1t is to be hoped that this discovery ma
'le lead to others in regard to our interes
no 1, ing satellite.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22
The Armies of Europe.

A recent number of La France con-
tanned complete analysis OF the military
strength of the various nations IN 1910
Germany, it appears, has an army com
nris;no 469 battalions of infantry, 100
souadrons of cavalry, 800 campaign pat
teries, 20 battalions of fort artillery 10
battalions of pioneers, and 10 battaiions
of service corps. When are added the
reserves, the landstorm, the landwehr'
and the navy, u total of 100000 men
is arrived at, with annual estimates OF
e2O, 100000. The English army and
navy, including militia and volunteers
comprise $4,000 men, and cost tZ4,-
800 900; Austria has $4,000 men, cost
ing el0, 100000; Belgium, $4,000 men
with au expenditure of fl,oo9'Zoo
Denmark, 1000 men, costing t3oo'ooo
Spain, according to The regulations o.
| 1870, possesses 100000 men, with year
" budget of 96, 100000. The law passe(
by the Cortes in 1872 has as yet been I'm
perfectly applied. France has l52 reg
ments Of infantry, 80 battalion of chas
seurs, II cavalry regiments, 40 regiment
Of artillery, Of engineers, and ~ squad
rons of service corps. With the reserv
and navy the total effective strength {
f the country is 100000 costing f20
E 600, 900; Greece, 81, 900 men, and est
a mate 986o,O0O; Italy, 100000 men, e.
/. penditure, e9,S4O,000; Holland, loC
d 600 men, estimate 81, 100000; Port
$ gal $4,000 men, costing e1S0,0oO; Ru
It sia has an army in time of peace OF i
It regiments infantry, 80 battalions OF rlfl
,e men. 48 battalions for frontier servl'
,e Sc regiments of cavalry, 80 battalio
,e of artillery, IA battalions of englnee
in besides irregulars and reserves. Wh
Mt the fleet, the effective strength OF t
in country is l $50 900 men, with a budt
he of e27 100000; Sweden, 10000 m
he costing 81, 100000. The effectivestrens
de of Switzerland is approximately 1871
re men, costing only 9360,0OO; Turk
IT. 300 900 men, with estimates OF 95,6e
rim 600. On the war footing, therefore,
at, armies of Europe are 9,333,OOO m
AN costing annually e136, ,S04.000.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22

CAPITAL AND EXPERIENCE. The
drawer was chatting few weeks ago
on the piazza of the United States Ho-
tel at Saratoga, with bright Gxman
gentleman, retired from business, who
related the following little anecdote:
+" Going down to New York the other
night in the boat" said he, / got to
chatting with German acquaintance,
and asked him what he was doing"
"Vell," he replied, " shoost now l
am doing noding, but ! have made ar
rangements to go into business"
"Glad to hear it. What are you go
ing into?" "
:, Veil, l goes into partnership NIT a
man"
DO you put in much capital ?"
mo, 1 doesn't put in no capital"
Don't want to risk it, eh
mo, but 1 puts in de experience"
{" And he puts in the capital :"
Yes, dat is it. We goes into pizines
for dree year; he puts in de capital,
puts in de experience. And de end
dree year will have de capital and h
will have de experience" ."-Hd'per
Magazine.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22

AN INCIDENT-Not many years since
certain miners working far underground
came upon the body Of a poor fellow
who had perished in the suffocating pit
forty years before. Some chemical agent
to which the body had been subjected
an agent prepared in the laboratory OF
nature had efectually arrested the pro-
gress of decay. They brought it up to
the surface, and for while, till thor
oughly exposed to the atmosphere, it lay
the image Of fine, sturdy young man
No convulsions had passed over the face
in death-the features were tranquil the
hair was black as jet. No one recog
nized the face-a generation had grown
up since the miner went down into thu
shaft for the last time.
A tottering old woman who had hur
ried from the cottage at hearing the new
came up, and she knew again the fac
which through all these long years sh
had not forgotten. The miner was
i have been her husband on the day afte
that on which he died. There were Il
: dry eyes when the gray headed old pi
e grim cast herself upon the youthf'
a corpse and poured into his deaf e'
u many words of endearment unused Il
le forty years. 1t was touching contras
y the one so old, the otherso young. Th'
u had both been young these long yea
P ago, but time had gone on with the Ii
" ing and stood still with the dead.-Ld
'e don Herald.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22
Emperor william.

Emperor William, of Germany, Is not
a man who cares much for luxury. The
Rev. Wayland Hoyt, of Boston, has Wis
tied his palace recently, at Berlin, and
writes entertainingly about it as follows
" The Emperor William does not seem
to have anything he wishes to conceal.
spent a very interesting hour in passing
through the palace, which is his constant
city residence. 1t is not very grand, or
even sumptuous. But enter it and you
at once feel that you are in the home OF
soldier. 1t is almost an arsenal, 1t is
so warlike every way. Old armor and
new armor, fragments Of shells = the me-
mentoes of battles, models of the differ
ent kinds of soldiers in their appropriate
uniform, models of various guns, great
relief maps of battlefelds and fortresse'
these are everywhere about. Almos
all the pictures, too, are martial-battl
scene after battle scene some Of olde
conflicts, others of the modern fights il
which the Emperor himself is the con
spicuous figure. went into the Empt
rors private study and library. l sa'
the chair in which he sits, the desk Q
, which he writes, the pile of dispatcht
{ awaiting his attention, the books he use
the papers fresh from his hand. 1t
manitestly a workman's place -th
: study. The grim old Emperor is ey
: IDENTIFY no idler. He keeps his hand {
i. things. am told that he is at his tab
J. regularly every morning at 6. Well,
s one can help honoring the fearless o
!. fellow amid such proofs of painstakil
e, devotion to duty. Sixteen miles frc
IS Berlin is Potsdam, the favorite residen
$, of King Frederick the Great. He
at too, is the present Emperor's summer
le sort. Well, there is many country 81
ct in America more splendid. was m
N, interested in this palace in the Emperc
th sleeping room. 1t is utterly plain.
90 bed is but single mattress upon n
" row and common bedstead.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22

AN ANECDoTE OF LIszT.-He knows
his own power well-none better-and
makes no concealment of his opinion. L
have heard that upon one occasion a la
DIV asked him whom he thought the
greatest living pianist-this was many
wears ago-and he answered promptly,
:. Thalberg." But" she said aston
ished, " do you consider him superior to
vourself?" And his answer was most
commendable in its engaging frankness
.. Madame, / had no idea you made any
reference to me. | stand too high to b'
compared to ordinary pianists.--iScrib
| ner for October.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22
ISidicule.


How comes it to pass, then, that we
appear such towards in reasoning, and
are So afraid to stand the test of ridicule.
-Shgtesbauy.
The fatal fondness for indulging in
spirit of ridicule, and the injurious and
irreparable consequences, which some
times attend the too severe reply, can
never be condemned with more asperity
than it deserves. Not to offend is the
first step towards pleasing. 10 give
pain is as much an offence against hu-
manity as against good-breeding, and
surely it is as we'll to abstain from an ac-
tion because it is sinful, as because 1T ls
impolite. Blair.
:, Cerventes smile Spain's chivalry away.
Byron.
The raillery which is consistent with
good-breeding is gentle animadverslon
on some foible, which, while it raises the
laugh in the rest of thecompany, doth mot
E put the person rallied out of countenance
E or expose him to shame or contempt
: On the contrary, the jest should be SO
D delicate that the object of it should be
e capable of joining in the mirth 1t occa'
sions.--FieIding.
r For man learns more readily and re-
IS members more willingly what excites
,e his ridicule than what deserves esteem
le and espect.-Hordce.
TO 1t is easy for man to sit idle at home
er and has nobody to please but himself, to
10 ridicule or censure the common practices
IL of mankind. Johnson.
VI The talent of turning men into ridi-
" cule, and exposing to laughter those
" one converses with, is the qualification
80 of little minds and ungenerous tempers.
ey A Young man with this cast of mind
- cuts himself off from all manner of i'm
rovement.-A ddison.
We can learn to read and write, but
we cannot learn raillery that must be
he particular gift of nature; and, to tel
100 the truth, esteem him happy who does
10. not wish to acquire it. The character
IAN of sarcasm is dangerous although this
sbo quality makes those laugh whom it doe'
. not wound, it, nevertheless never pro
her cures esteem Orenstiern.
to Your sayer of smart things has ba'
ice, heart. Pascal.
1t is commonly said, and more partic
v l ularly by Lord Shaftesbury, that ridicul
ar is the best test for truth for that
will not stick where it is not just
GO DENY it. A truth learned in a certai
light, and attacked in certain words, b
t men of wit and humor, may, and otte
doth, become ridiculous, at least SO ii
that the truth is only remembered an
repeated for the sake of the ridicule.-
Chesterfield.
Ridicule is often employed with mo-
power and success than severity. .-Ho
D ace.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22

TO RENT.
One room fitted up for Dress Making. 1oou 0p
..;,. - fo- a first class Dress Maker.
inquire oi " Chester, VT.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22
WANTED.

WHITE ASH and RED OAK LUMBER Loss to
bs cat In lengths and sawed 70 order Any one Nsl.
ing . good morse rake or mower Gan '~' ~ =
1aOeT s. yT AsaIM FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22

The term, "grass widow" is said to
be a corruption of grace widow"
" Grace widow is the term applied to
one who becomes widow by grace or
favor and not by death of her husband,
and originated in the early ages of Eu-
ropean civilization, when divorces were
granted but seldom, and wholly by the
Catholic church. When such degree
was granted to woman, the Papal re-
script stated " Viduca de Gratia." which
interpreted, is widow of grace" In
the law of the French, it would read,
Veuve de grace" or "grace widow"
"veuve +" being translated as widow"
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1875-10-22

IT KILLED HIM.-A certain rich
man was tended by friend who was
away with him when the doctor came.
:. May the patient have an egg 2" inquir-
ed the friend.
"Yes, he may have an egg" said the
doctor.
May he have milkY
eyes, he may have milk"
MAY he have fourf"
eyes, he may have hour."
Now when the doctor came again th'
patient was dead.
"What have you been giving him 7
asked he.
"Only pancake"
All, that killed him"
"And you said that he might hav
egg and -four and milk, which made
pancaker'