, 1875-03-20
THE LAND OF THE GREASERS.
ARIZONA md New Mexico as Seen
by an Explorer.
Lecture of an Attaohe Of the Wheeler
Expedition.
Tho Gila, tho Canons Of tho Colorado
md Sierra. Dianca.
Tho Peaceful Puebloa and the Sanguinary
Apaches.

Epstial Corytspo,d.are Of Tit Chtrasn Tribune.
WlLKEsDAnnE, "a, March 1G.-Dr. ]. D. Roth
rock, a resident Of this city, and a member Of
tho Wheeler Expedition, lato1y gave = lecture
hero ut the request Of many loading c!tizcns.
Dr.. 1lothruck is an abto man, > cloRo observer,
enthusiastic and entorprsiBg in lliB chosen pros
fcseion Of eclentifo research, sud las held Hev-
oral Important positions unIlor tho Government.
Ilo was Hotanist snd Acting Assistant Surgeon
In the Wheeler Expedition, and returned In De-
combor las! with a very tlno collection Of botau-
ical specimens which Uere forwarded to Wash-
ington. Ho is now engaged in detailed report
of tho botAnv of tho Southwestern Territories,
and IL TO tcturn with all expedition at an earfy
dasa. Tho following ID M incomplete report Of
tle lecture, tho subject being
ARIZONA AND SEw MEXICO.
or our country wost Of tho 10tth meridian
nothing WAS accurately known prior to the limo
Of Fremont in 1912. It Ia truo that, in 1907, Pike
headed an expedition into cur southwestern
boundaries, then limited by tic Arkansas. by
mistake ho crossed tito lilo Grau1o noar ita hoad-
waters, and with bis command was takon pris-
oncr by tho Mcxicans. Ills records werc cap
turod md taken TO tho City Of Mexico, whore
they possibly remain III some obscnro corner 10
this day. From 1889 to 1886, Capt. Donno7ilo
added largely to o,lr knowledge of tho public do
main. Ho was absent so long that his name WIS
dropped from tho rolla OF the army. A born OK
plorer, he has found In tho facllo pen of our
most charming historian, Irving, blographer
worthy 10 commemorate his exploits. But Free
mont, for hartIthood md tonaclty Of purpose. for
b clear perception Of tho work to DO done. for An
enthusiasm which grahpod ali tacta in wbasoror
to1r nj
The hcaA OF cur later oxplorors.
Since his time, adventurous EroapectorB. III
companies Of three Or four will, zach donkey
10 pnck bedding, provisions ind mintng-tools,
haye penetrated to almost every mountain fast
mesa Of cur te1ritory. Arrested by no danger,
they have, In great measure, made known tho
Ei!7or odss. tl!s gold loads, and tho placer dig
gins. Tut this ,s not enough; before inviting
thither tho immigration Of tho world, It Is do
sirable to know
Iusr WHAT We HAVE TO OTTER.
It Ia now demanded Of tteBe OF plorationB that
they locate accurately important po!ntA by re-
poatod astronomical obeorvations take reliable
nbaaryationB On magnetic variations, general and
local. to avoid subsequent litigation ovor cIainH;
map tho courpo Of every etfenm. and estimate
it's volume Of water, with reference to wnnts of
agriculture In = region whero irrigation
IS absolutely casenttal; locate correctly
onnt1n chains csa and p;eaihs m n
routaa through tloir int1icacies. Tho geolog1at
reports upon the wealth Of miuos, collects tGcir
Etatiatcs, discot era tho propcr points for sink
Ing arteAatl wells. aud defineB tho limits Of tho
ali animals and detail their hsptts. 70 illustrate
lho utility Of tilis It in fact that sconco hag
within few years naved millions OF dollura to
tho lsuasian Government by finding tue ANAL
areas In which tho grasshopperB dcpoBit their
eggs, and destroying them beforo tho brood eau
swarm out, ovorrun the lanl, destroy tho crops,
and bring famine to tho inhabitants. i moro
1boral policy may orc long mako this fen.iblo on
tho plasns Of Kansas and Nebraska. It is for
ana tS dssay 19spt y = er SS 'As su n s qss s.Es
grasses. 70 indicate tho agricultural
resourcus; to report upon tho proba-
bio incroaso in Agricultural area under tho
Influences Of tree-culturc aud irrigation. as an
llluGtration OF the Importance of this, 1t mar be
aa!d that tho vatorH Of Great Suit Lake htand
II feet higher than 1t tho advent of the Mor-
mons, and that. 1t roint wlcso there was only
Nater for twelve families, population Of $40
theHo results ure tiuo to Decreasing tho areas OF
evaporation by increasing thoso Of cultivation.
Ours is the only Government tint heretofore
could afford to neglect its forests bu: under
will have boon exhausted inside of eighteen
Chief Of t,lar Of tho pruHsian army, has paid
high compliment TO tho work ~ now being car
ded OH iii tho United Staten by tho War Do
partment,
START or TIE WHEELER EXPEDITION,
In Jnno, 1874, ollr email division started from
Eante FL, Now Mexico, for point Oh tho Sonora
line, little cant Of Tucson, Arizona, about 45o
mi.sn fron a,4; or startnspotnt In yoth.soutll-
Wiley Of tho ella the eceuery is 80
Eirikingiy unlike my other ou tho conti-
nont that its effect ~ positively painful.
IAe surface ls tivou and intessoctea in cvory
With not single familiar form Of pant-lifs,
thrust thor deholate outlines everywhere boz
tweon you aud tho sky. 1usmeaca tracts COW
cred with wator-wasted rocks and the general
ground only serving 10 complete tho scene Of
1stter wreck una ruin. Throughout nina
mouths tho subtropscal sun glares down
upon tho dosolate surface. until! sutohaEged
With heat the Aoil radiates It bnok. giving tho ar
= transparency, tingcd with roilcc:ed Iedpess
from the sand tlAt IL actually nuearthly. Az day
after day tho Journey loads over thls ehcesleas
waste, the motninR light only brlngs back an
nnwelcome vision Of thia ghost!y atmosphere,
of tho N fe eus sSor | SonK X beow Ia de-.
greea for weeks ut a tno yet, when irrigation
is resortod to, the soil produces good crops Of
barley, corr. nnu melons.
1u former tinos,
was tho seat Of u large sem!.ciylllzation. On
tAc bluffs overlooking tho river IemaluH Ut adobe
aud even ssono buidings testify to tho number
OF thriving towns onco occupying Tho valley. Il
is more tAan probable that the tlrht ninrch Of tho
Bpauiartfs into tue country weakened theAo rot
ttod tribes and left them open to iaroads from
the rostless Apachos that still swarm about tho
eo.ue region.
Az early ~ 1540 Coronado left the City of.a1ex-
leo with q small army, sud, after wandering for
searB through tho desert regions Of tho South
west, through tho canons Rtl.l mountains Of Colo
tado, and over tho plains o1 KANSAS, reached the
prese1t site Of Fort LeayeaWortll. on tho Mla-
bourt Iiyet. The ezpudtlou returned yia tito
northwestern poriion Of Texus to the presc.lt site
ot hants Fe, and thence to Mexico. LooAiug at
this Journey, from my. prcaant knowledge of tho
country, must regard 1t u ono Of thu uloHt TO-
markablc marches on record. The dominant
idea WhA conquest and plumber, but, III usual at
~ that t.ne' The commandossappeeioa to the massos
through the clergy aud made religion ono Of
tho oatenslble ohjeeta. Tbs trail was marked by
blood and ttc, tia advent Of tbs troops bolug
blulply repetition Of tho atrocitiss which eYery
whors on thls continent has linked the Epsplsn
uame With iufan,y.
The Gita In q tributary Of tho Colorado. but its
canona are small BY comparison with those