davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-01-27
SCIENTIFIC.

The GLAoE Or ENAMELED PHoTo
enameling is to be done must be scrupu
lously clean. Plate glass, free from
scratches, is the best, although good
photograph glass will do if no,
scratched. Blisters in the glass hurt
nothing. After it is thoroughly clean,
sprinkle over it, by means of five cent
pepper box, powdered tale (or French
chalk, and with tuft of cotton rub in
a circular motion Carefully going over
the whole surface) until no trace of the
chalk is perceptible. Do not rub
heavily. The chalk gives surface to
the glass that assists in the lifting the
enameled print from it. Now flow the
plate with collodion made as follows,
namely, ether, Al ounces, alcohol 3!
ounces, cotton to thicken (say from 8
to 7 grains to the ounce of solution),
and a drops (or minims) of castor oil.
When this flow is dry, apply the prints
face down, after immersing them IN a
gelatin solution made as follows
Coxe's gelatin l ounce, water s ounces,
glycerin 80 drops. Add the gelatin and
over night, when it will be ready for
use after filtering, which can be done
by warming sufficiently to make the
solution limpid. Allow the prints to
remain in this solution about five min
utes before laying them on. the COLO
diOnized glass, and then pass a gum
roller lightly over them to press them
tightly to the glass, and also to remove
the surplus gelatin. After the prints
are nearly dry they are ready for the
mounts. For this purpose, light Bris-
tol board is best. Use the gelatin
solution for mounting, and mount on
the glass as the prints lay. The whole
thing must be perfectly dry before an
attempt is made to remove them from
the glass. When they are dry, run a
knife blade around the edge to start
them up; and if thoroughly dry and
the work properly done, they Will come
off all right. 81 forgot to say, in the
proper place, that it is good idea to
lay upon the back, after the mounts
have been applied, weight of some
kind, say heavy piece of glass, which
should remain there for an hour at
least. This assists in securing a COM
plete contact to the print. At the end
of an hour remove the weight and leave
the print, back up, until perfectly dry
all through. Sometimes they start off
without help, which shows perfect sue
cess. Remember that careful manipu-
lation is the only surety for success.
A little experience will enable any one
to perform this operation WE'LL
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-01-27

A GENTLEMAN having a remarkably
long visage, was one day riding by Mr..
Whyte's school at Dublin, at the gate
of which he overheard young Richard
Brinsley Sheridan say, THAT gentle
mans face is longer than his life. "
Struck by the strangeness of the re-
mark, he turned his horses head, and
requested its meaning. ''Sir, said the
boy, 81 meant no offence in the world !;
but | have read in the Bible at school
that mans life is but a span, and L
am sure your face is double that
length. The gentleman threw the lad
sixpenee for his wit.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

What signifies it to Texas We don't
owe a.. 'dy anything but good will. Let
all the brokers and spectators and bulls
and bears of Wall street fail, and they
are going down one or two every dsy. and
1t concerns us only as a matter of pity for
the unfortunate, tor the poor and honest
who have deposited money with these bank
rupts. The boot is on the other leg in
Texas. Everybody, if we would give
Cledit would be indebted TO US; but we
demand cash, and that cash, very common-
ly, must come in the shape of gold, for cat
tie, cotton, wheat, and for sugar. Texas
is the only careless observer OF the demon
of bankruptcy that stalks down Wall street.
We lose nothing by the crash of any num-
Der of these brokers and bankers - not q
dollar. The quantity of money in the coun-
try and the share we must get is still the
same, and Texas looks on with stolid. apathy
while terror reigns in every bankers home
and bondholder's palace. Property still
shrinks in value, and mortgages must be
foreclosed, and only first mortgages are
worth a groat, ard either the policy of con-
traction must be reversed or the whole
structure of Eastern society must be up
heaved and transformed. But it signifies
less to Texas than to any State what may
be the financial policy of the country. We
have only to hoe corn, dig potatoes, pick
cotton and SOW wider area in wheat, and
be perfectly blest in perfect independence
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09
PLAIN FACTS.

The -Four Counties says the STATESMAN
is an ''infdel' paper; the Telegraph declared
it to be Radical, and now comes that de-
licious, breezy newspaper, the Hampstead
Messenger, and assures its readers that the
STATESMAN is certainly an independent"
journal. The STATESMAN is very apt to say
just what it thinks, and in political think
ing it has never swerved hairs breadth
from that philosophy of American govern
ment approved by Patrick Henry in his
youth and condemned in his old age, illus
trated in the public life and writings of
Jefferson, and embodied in the simple as
sertion of local independence as opposed to
consolidation. The STATESMAN, too, alb
hors the tariff system and navigation acts,
and if gold and silver or convertible cur
rency were attainable without present ruin
to every debtor in the land, the STATESMAN
would assert its concurrence in this behalf
with the New York World. People who
have questioned the STATEsMAN's Democ-
racy either did no. know the meaning of
the word, had never read the paper, or
only sought to mislead fools with reference
to plain facts.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

'cbivalry" and all that. Even then Mr..
Lamar was evidently striking out for Lib
eral Republican support in Mississippi. BE
was undermining Alcorn by stealing Al
corn's Republican thunder Recently
Mr. Lamar has been speech-making in Mis-
sissippi aud stands now just where Alcorn
has stood since Thad Stevens began pro-
cesses OF reconstruction In fact, Mr.. La
mar is climbing both sides of the sappling
at the same time, and terrible as he was as
an ultra secessiOnist in 1901, he is
now surely lapsing into the opposite ex-
trelse, and if be gain Republican must
surely lose Democratic strength. The an
gleT who can catch white voters and black
on the same hook at the same time, is too
adroit TO be trusted. II is nevertheless
true, that the Radical party in Mississippi
is utterly disrupted. The white Radical
wing of the black party colIided with the
blacks near Macon, in Noxubee, and only
six blacks were killed and four wounded.
But this local disr Upton OF Radicalism sig
nlfes little good, we fear, fer LapsSctn'a5
all the whites be expelled from the
of the dominant negro party in the ST
still wields a majority of twenty thou
or more, and if the Democrats adhe
Lamar and tie great body Of the blac
old Ned Roper or Moses Bricks or to-
other gentleman of color, Alcorn hol
the balance of power, may, possibly,
retain his place in the Senate.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09
THE FUTURE or rENIS---rHR
STATES FINANCES.

Mr.. Edward w. Mooring, the New York
wine and brandy importer Of whom we were
telling, after doing Texas in all directions,
tells the New York EecHiag Post that Tex
as simply astonishes the traveller by it's very
grandeur and boundlessneSs of outlines and
resources. He says no people are so rich,
none so prosperous, none have farms Of
such fertility, and none such capacities Of
measureless progress, riches and greatness.
With reference @ these facts he would de-
fine the worth and deeds of gentlemen of
whom he speaks as representatives of oranges
in the Constitutional Convention. .swouId
il not be a shame aud an infamy forever, =
says Mr.. Mooreland, "if these representa-
tivea Of the future as well as preaent
empire OF Texas injected local or class
preiudices into code designed 70 organ
ize and constitute free and simple
republies This is the only danger. Preju-
dices Of class may ontstEip It's wisdom,
and such a Constitutions may be presented
for popular approval that Republicans and
blacks on the one hand, and the whole in
telligence Of the State on the other, may
concur in its rejection. There are many
counties Of the West and South, says Ar.
M., 10 which the making Of judges elective
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09
TO SAVE TOWNS AND COUNTIES
FROM IMPENDING DESOLATION.

OF course it will be very difficult when
Texas already boasts of $50 counties, each
about as large as an average New England
State, to make laws equally acceptable and
operative with equal justice everywhere.
Northern counties might prosper even
when enduring the terrors, in corporate
elections, of universal suffrage, while those of
the east, south and west would be surely con-
signed by universal suffrage, sooner or later,
to pcrdition. But even the most favored
counties and towns of the State would be
harmed i'll nothing by restricting suffrage in
these to property holders. Local govern
ments Geal only with property. tt is the
State that protects life and right and lib
erty. Therefore men may have the natural
right to vote in State elections, and it is
unnatural and wrong that they should vote
in corporate elections, in towns and
counties, in which they have no property to
be affected by their votes. The State
should not authorize strangers and
adventures and blacks and MeXicans,
having no interest, direct or indirect,
in the well-being of Austin, to shape its
government, which is only machine, as it
now exists, to take one mans money, with
out mis- consent, out of his pocket and put
it into aRother's. Remember that all laws
defining rights of property and the rela-
tons of debtor and creditor, guardian and
ward, and parent and child all these are
regulated, as al mans personal rights and
wrongs are protected or avenged, by the
State. With these county and town gov
ernments have nothing to do. Therefore,
the mere man has no natural or acquired
right to vote in corporate elections, while
he should surely vote in state elections.
Recognizing these plain facts in the state
constitution, our representation in Congress
is not lessened, and there is no inhibition
of this restriction of suffrage in federal
constitutional amendments. Nothing but
this limitation imposed upon suffrage can
save Texas from those fearful calamities
that have desolated the richest counties
and towns everywhere in the South.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

by the people is equivalent to the deprive
ton of the people of every protection
given by honest capable courts. But the
passion of the hour is in the direction of
giving the rabble the right to do wrong and
to this prejudice wide districts of Texas
and towns and cities may be sacrificed. The
white people of these counties, in which
negroes are omDipotent, will vote solidly
against a Constitution IN may pro-
tect them neither IN the judiciary
system nor in the restriction of suffrage
in corporations to those interested ir main
tanning good local governments. He who
in this Convention is most conservative,
aad he who at the same time leaves most to
be done by the Legislature and would have
the Convention do least, will occupy, when
the history of the Texan constitutional re-
formers is written, the loftiest niche in
flames temple" On the whole Mr.. Moor
ing writes most wisely and least of all does
he exaggerate the coming greatness of the
republic which the Convention that met
yesterday undertakes to create.
There is one leading idea that must be
uppermost in the heart and brain of each
statesman worthy of the appellation now in
Austin. The Constitution must be shaped
with reference to the perpetuation of the
integrity and unity of Texas, and this Is
only compatible with the greatest pos
sible freedom and power that may be
conceded to local governments and this
power to legislate and this perfect
freedom is only compatible with the
restriction of suffrage, as society now ex-
lists in Texas, to those pecuniarily interested
in the maintenance of law, order, and of
cheap local systems. The rabble ravages
remorsely towns and corporations in all the
states By this rabble are the best popula-
tons of these States, North and South,
driven into Texas Assure the world that
calamities, such as have stricken majestic,
vigorous cities and rich and prosperous
counties with deadly paralysis everywhere,
shall never come down upon the fairest dis
tricts of Texas, and financial disasters and
social disorders and municipal bankruptcies
which desolate older States will remain for
ever unknown in Texas. The best elements
of society will be attracted to Texas, and
the worst repealed 10y force which no pow
er may resist, and the very facts that invite
the industrious and intelligent and expel
the vicious and ignorant, enable the trainers
of the Constitution to concede to counties
and corporations perfect local freedom. To
restrict the powers of these local govern
ments, and invest them in the legislature,
will assure the speedy subdivision of Texas.
The Act of Annexation provides for this
contingency, and this Convention which met
yesterday will surely consummate it if it dc
not leave counties and towns invested with
the broadcast freedom. and this is only safe
and only compatible with restricted suffrage
in local elections.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09
4 QUESTION FOR CONSTITUTE
MAKERS.

A correspondent, noted citizen
southwestern county, asks: "Why N,
vide the State The districts of 2
that could save US from savage supre
won't do it. They lose nothing by re-
US, in local county and town elect
from the clutches of the rabble. In
they, like ourselves, are gamers by it.
demagogues fear the floating mob,
and white. If the Convention fail
strict suffrage in these corporate cleo
and then make the Judiciary elective b
people we are wholly ruined. We
have black judges or worse, white j.
chosen by blacks, and counties and
will be destroyed by local taxation here
Mississippi and Louisiana. Urge the
vention ceaselessly to adopt the poll
making counties and towns, by restr
suffrage in them, capable of self-go
ment and then give the people of
counties and towns the broadcast tree
Then laws made for Jefferson will |
ceptable in Laredo, since Laredo and J
son will legislate for themselves and
will be an unit forever. No other I
than this can perpetuate the integrity
unity of Texas or insure the durabll
the new Constitution.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09
WARS OF RACES.

The dispatches of yesterday, though sig
among the Ute and other indians IN South
ern Colorado, and of inouietude among the
negroes in Southern Mississippi, will pro-
duce very different effects everywhere North.
People understand that contact with civil
zation is fatal to red men, but not that con-
tact with freedom is alike fatal to blacks.
There is no money, absolutely none, among
the poor in cotton-growing districts of the
trans Mississippi States, and want is as
cribed to white selfishness, and there will
be steadily growing enmity between races
that Lamar would unity IN politics. But
the Ute Indian drifts farther and farther
away from the white man out West, and the
negro farther and farther from the white
man out East, and in the one instance it is
right and natural, say Northern philanthro-
pists, and in the other unnatural and bru-
tai and criminal. When troops are sent
into Southern Colorado they will hardly
await pretext for Indian slaughter or dry
tortugation, and in Mississippi the whites
will be Utes, and this war of races utilized
in Northern elections. Love for the black
and hatred of the red race is one of the Gu
rious developments of progressive civili-
cation and of the war between the States.
1t was waged, on the part of those
whose condolences reproached them for
enslaving negroes, for negro liberation,
and yet blacks never struck blow
for their own freedom, and the Utes
do fight for their homes on the plains and
for gold-bestrewn mountain Businesses. We
punish red men for that which brave
people must admire, and the white race in
the South is sought to be subjected to out
RACES infinitely more intolerable than red
men ever endured even at the hands of the
white mans greed for gold. Not only is
the white mans wealth destroyed, but he is
subordinated to the black, and then we are
expected to bless the hand of power that
does the demoniac work and sing peans of
praise to flippant politicians who would win
Senators places by asserting to the final
degradation of whites. We have only to
deplore the necessity for the recurrence of
riots, bloodshed and violence in districts of
eastern negro-governed communities. The
people are wretchedly poor. They can
borrow no money, and secure no advances
on cotton. The condition of Wall street
and the Radical policy of contraction
render it impossible. Cattle and hogs will
be stolen and slaughtered, houses robbed
and violence done. Happily, in many
places, black antipathy to whites exhausts
itself upon the carpetbaggers and more
detestable scalawags, and, very properly, in
Eastern Mississippi, hungry blacks demand
for themselves a share of the profitable
of,ces. But the war of races progresses
east and west of us, and it will never be
peace. Two races, red and white, or black
and white, cannot and should not be made
homogeneous, and until the identity of one
or the other is lost, Lamar and Gordon roar
in vain.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09
BISMARCK AND GERMANY.

1t is unfortunately true that most Ameri-
can editors are indebted for their opinions
of German facts and events to the English
press, and it is also true that England is
jealous Of the growing greatness and intel
lect and freedom of Germany. Everything
that we hear of Bismarck is calculated to
make us esteem him tyrant. This can
hardly be just. Very certainly the press of
Germany is neither bribed nor inundated
and in the whole empire there is no promi-
nent organ of opinion that does not approve
the acts and admire the genius and laud the
patriotism of the great German statesman.
is Bismarck's hostility to ultra
accepted, and his death would
be deemed the greatest calamity that has
befallen the empire since the sword and
sceptre dropped from the nerveless grasp of
the Great Frederick.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

THE Constitution of Texas now about to
be made cannot deprive railroad companies
of rights already acquired under charters
already enacted and accepted, and we
doubt whether, if it be possible it would be
wise to ''resume" any charter concessions
of public franchise to private corporations "
Legislatures that have interfered with rail-
ways have always made bad worse, and the
only true remedy for wrongs done by rail-
ways In making exorbitant charges, is found
in building more roads Composition Is
the life of trade, and alike of a railway girt
empire Through rates are low because
there is more than one through line. A
competing narrow guage road IS the true
agency for reform in tariffs Of charges
made By broad guage.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

In Holmes county, Mississippi the same
sort of war RACES as in Noxubee. The
negroes are starved and hungry. Money
for the crop now gathering for market has
not been received; no advances, in the pres
ent condition of the currency, can be made
by merchants; the poor deluded blacks who
have been forced to invest those with office
who could give official bonds, are starving.
They are very weary of this condi-
ton of things. They see white
county treasurers and sheriffs buying each
two or three broad plantations annually, as
happens in Noxubee, with money stolen
from the white tax payers, while tho poor
blacks starve in absolute hopeless, helpless
penury. No wonder the deluded negroes
are weary of this condition of things, and
no wonder they are in armed open revolt
against their latest masters. W. H. Hill, a
negro assessor, and another colored man,
Tom Ballard, were slaughtered by a party
of scalswags at Lexington, in Holmes
county, last week. The war between the
negroes on the one hand and the carpet
baggers on the other grows quite lively and
interesting. 1t doesn't signify much, SO far
as the country's good is involved, which
party will win, and it is only hoped they
will make a speedy end of it.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

Or course Mr.. Lamar for whose learning
and genius we must confess great admira-
ton, having won all the honors of tine
Lower House is now q candidate for the
United States Senate. Hemade the first step
in that direction when he prunounoed full
some eulogy upon Charles sumner, which,
if il had been pronounced in its purpose
and spirit BY Alcorn would have been de-
nounced Is gross Misrepresentation of the
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1875-09-09

IT is now stated by letter writers
land certificates of the International
way Company are being located IN the
est AMI most fertile counties of the S.
In the counties. between the Brazos and
orado, in the Caney and Oyster CT
country. There are thousands of acre,
land in the State, the Meas says, unpater =
on account of the certificates having been
lost, and other tracts, with defective titles,
that these certificates will be used to cover.
There are towns to be located on the road,
the selection of which is entirely with the
railroad company. With present improve
ments IN progress, and the tide of immi-
grafton that has set in, who can tell what
even five years will produce? Estimating
these lands at ten dollars an acre, we
find $38, 400, 900. Add to this the $14,
900, 900 of other property, and a grand
aggregate is presented of $52, 400, 900.
And all this vast property, consisting of
valuable farms, towns, and perhaps
cities, exempt from taxation for
years. This will lead to discomfort,
complaints and animadversions on the want
of wisdom that has marked this legislation.
Over fifty -illions of dollars for road that
will not cost, at most, over fifteen millions,
with public burthen to last until the close
of the century. Would it not have been
far better to have closed the obligation at
once and forever, as originally contempla-
ted? The friends of the road, it is said,
preferred the State bonds, as they needed
immediate means to prosecute the work.
Certain it is, the State would have saved
millions of dollars by adopting the three
million bond bill, as proposed by the STATES
MAN. The policy adopted was legislation
for the day and neglect to look to the flu
ture, gaining an apparent temporary advan-
tage, and inficting permanent and irrep.
arabic injury. If this policy were wise, we
cannot perceive it; if the basis of perma-
nent popularity, it will be strange indeed.
If sustained it will show that the people dc
not maturely reflect, and mistake temporary
policy for craftsmanship.