Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1875-02-17

or the gro With of future crops than tn +
value of the: .Xtr;, amount L, lived Tor th Il
rop itself. T
We must know and appreciate the fact ;
that the farmers wealth is based upon the I
plant food deposited in his soil. If We i
gnO'antly, or purpOselv, draw upon that 4
lelosit until it it exhausted. we, rs far t
mcrs must become bankrupt. Natural t
avs, indeed, aid us in the restoration. bu {
" too slow Il process to answer our p"r
pose We must. like the banker. husband
our deposits, and learn to make the mos
IF them: to raise snch varieties of crop I
Is will bring the best pecuniarv returns
lfcr lelucting the cost Of seed and labor,
md also replacing the draft upon our dc
posts.
PREPARATION OF SOILS.
1t is ours to understand what mcchani-
al condition of our soils will promote thu
most rapid growth, and best project our
-rop> from extremes of both drought and
moisture. and how to prepare them III
>nch Il manner that the rootletS of our
Giants may readily penetrate them III
-r;,rch of food and moisture. 1t is prac-
ticable to so prepare them that they will
support a luAnriant growth of veg't"tlon
when other fields present by drought i
parched and withered appearance, OF from
excessive moisture, Il dwlrfed and sickly
arrba@e; TO provide against any unn"'-
sly delay in sowing our seeds in spring.
| md thereby cause SD early maturity us
not to cnd;nger our crops 10y frost.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
Our dwellings. whether expensive and
Elegant or cheap and simple in their archl-
'eciure. should be surrounded 10y grounds
tad ont i'll the ncatcst and most at
rartivr manner. y cultivated taste nliN
make the home of the peasant more :ittrlc-
I'VE than that of his more wealthy nei Oh
Dor, who does not possess it
y convenient cottage farm house, sur
rounded by ttstriu!lv arranged grounds.
md only adorned with those simple rural
attractions which nature chcaply Wovids
or all classes who havra plact to cult
vate Them, may be Il be ter home, in which
10 enjoy life, than the most artl>tcally
wrought palace without such surroundings.
MANUFACTuR RES.
\ knowledge of natural laws is neces>a-
", also, in conflicting the manufactures OF
die flrm. In the dairy department. e>pe-
ci,lly. there is much to be learned, and
many problems To be wrought out The
most skiIitul have not attll"cd that sys-
ttmHtc perfection. in all its details, that
mas been acquired i'll most other depart
ments of Industry.
SELECTION OF srrCk-
In the possession and care of or DO
mtSiic animals. we hlv.. need OF wide
range of kno" ledge of these laws. Much
,.rptnds upon their proper selection. and
adaptation 10 the purposes for which they
IRE kept The successful farmer mast
i. -,
bee attained. and of the peculiar natural
; rxccllcncc> which best adapt each AMI
mai TO its purpose.
HRETIiNG.
In the breeding of stock, this critical
lisccrnment of naturally essential points.
i Indispensable. Not only should We h:,, {
: clear perception in De al, of the pcyulia'
cunbinl,iun of excel -ncts which bss;
adapt the animal TO :, given purpose. that
we may form Il correct ideal model OF per
ftction but also that intuitive faculty, thu
e lift for recognition and combination oi
rAcclI,ncrs. which enables the >kiliu
breeder TO Reproduce the ideal m'dcl il
/ domestic animals in shipping their forms
md determining many of their character
II sites, when aided bv y thorough kno~l
ode of natural laws. is almost { e.'tivc
y iiv this power. comi,ii!ei with the mcc,s-a
~ food and care the beautiful Short Horn
II which >prang from common stock, h:t>
attained tho charactcri>tlc;lllv symmetrical
j. irol,ort en> which we observe III the be>t
= bred specimen, of that race and i'll hin
we behold the fac-simile of the Idea
lnodcl. which served as 4 guide 10 hi
i breeders.
Il The we'll bred race horse. and the mus
cular draft horse, are Other examples @
=. his intelligent design. Individual excel
u lrnrrs may come hv chance. but the lro
|, ,u,tion OF 4 full and perfect development
,c which varies in any considerable degree
II from TIE original type. and 4 fixed habi
: If reproduction of It i'll the newly created
>prclt~ is tie work only of Intelligent
persistent effort.
! FOOD FOR STOCk.
i Th. adaptation OF food to the condition
It and necessities of oar various animals
i, md its proportion and supply. in the hes
ii manner and amount. 10 p!otlIce the mos
/ . rt.ct Unfit wiki the least waste f mate
:. rial. is another Interesting field for nd
and ub>trVati II. An ovcrsupp'v Of nu
tii.iou> food not only results in Il drcc
., waste Of material, but nd myers the h.altl
=, # the digestive organs OF the ANIMAL Al
, he necessary constituents may also h.
, IL. sent and in Just the light amount, au'
ct ~ in ovrl-rIpc grass b" 80 locked NJ
!. md unavailable. rs To defy the powers q
=, he digestive organs to digest and as>imi
! late them.
u ZDpIOGl AND VETERINARY sGIENCF.
" We should know something OF the anat
Z my of our domrstic amin as. and Of tn
il,.i, h., Il
Il study those hvgcnic laws BY the ul,selv
ii lnre of which, only, we can maintain i,
y hem the most perfect health and vigur O
' constitution, or restore them to hraltI
/. yturn discussed We should consult the.
H. natural his: orv and habits, in deternInin
3, he amount of exercise which We slou
y rive them, and the Kind aud degree 0
u protection which they rcqlr" he hor>t
: the COW, the sheep, the swine. in short
: Yer. variety Of farm stock needs it
peculiar care.
y ENTOMOLOGY AND OHNITIIOLoGI
The farmer has MANY natural cnrmit
:" 10 contend with, us We'll rs friends to al
AIM Ills orchard. garden, meadows. hi
Il rain and potato fields, swarm with insec
)" Iitr. many of which prey upon his crops
and often ruin his hopes of success III
! las also numbcrlrss forms of parasitic lt
10 contend with. lie should study the M
tur- and habits of all these and len II how
IF ne can most etfrctuaily avoid or dcstro
g them. In the frath-red tribes he finds in
: IustrouS workers Viii h aid him in thei
!. destruction He Sh uld observe the hab
1t. ii. of these, also that he may Learn 10 M
Z, prtci;Ite and protect them.
:, MICROSCOPY.
Il There is also II wide field for study foun
II in those microscopic forms of animal an
: vegetable lie, which exist in counties
y mvrilds around Us. and which affect NOR
u OF less riouslv, the interests If the IA,
t mer. That diseased and unwholrsom
t. mill may have been rendered thus by t
al microscopic contents of the waters whic
It. the COW crank from the ,tagnant pool am
IT, which have multiplied in her and her pro
u" duct. to IN almost Uncomfortable extent
>'' ami bai1lrd all attempts to convert he
y milk into good butter or cheese.