The New York herald., 1875-12-07

Of swamps and shallow water in the do not exist
esting question WILL trust be settled when We
receive Mr. stanleys observations on depths
SIXTY ISLANDS.
No fewer than sixty islands may be counted upon
Mr. Staney's map dotted generally In clusters al
around the Shores at distances OF two and three miles
from the mainland The largest In the whole lake -
Sesseh which we made forty miles in length MT
Stanley makes it 35x25 Passing to the south Of the
Kitangule, we have Bumbireh, 30xl0i and following
the of the lake Ukereweh 32xT; Ugngo, 2Ox5i
Usuguru, 22x5; and Uvuma, l5xl0 The remaining
Islands are small in comparison 10 those mentioned
here and the majority Of the islands are the
northern Shore the end where the waters leave for
Egypt and the others chiefly by the shores or the
southern third Of the lake five examine the areas OF
the islands mentioned above for instance, Sesseh-or
Mr. Stanley calls it, Sasseit has an area of l. ITO
English square miles; the dimension Of this one island
will give idea OF the importance OF this inland sea-
which is probably the largest body OF fresh water-at
this altitude-n the known world
LAKE BAHR-INGo.
Captain Speke attached the Lake Bahr-ingo 10 his
lake at its northeast corner Rev. IT, Wakefield places
II fifty miles detached from the lake, but Mr. Stanley
inquired OF the natives regarding II and told there
no lake in that direction. However, considering
that the native information obtained by the two former
gentlemen has proved 20 be correct IN most cases, and
that It obtained Independently, on this account
do give In to the existence OF the Bahr-ingo
Lake. He mentions that the River Ugoweh joins the
lake here, and Is Of considerable size. Hppopotami
were seen there by him, and II may be the water COM
munication which Speke heard OF connecting the
Bahr-ingo with the Niyanza There is also the Yagama
here Regarding
taken by Mr. Stanley We find that in leaving the desert
plain OF Ugogo, he ascended to another plateau $500
feet; again, as no proceeded northwest he
came st higher one or 4.500
feet and his greatest altitude was 800 feet
which the watershed between the lake and the
This last height corresponds with the highest
Inhabited country Spoke and traversed In our
journey-viz, the capital OF karagweh which ap.
proaches within fifty miles OF the west-southwest
end OF the lake The height of the Niyanza above the
$50 to 8 sos feet by anerod and 1875 to
3,675 by another. further observation by hr STAN
lev with boiling thermometers made altitude
subject CORRECTION similar TO Speke's-viz 3S0S,
or yeight feet in excess of speke's observations
The difference is insignificant and we may accept them
as the established altitude OF Victoria Niyanza
LoNGIruDEs.
Mr. Stanley found that his lattudes along the Uganda
shores differed from Speke's by average of
fourteen miles. His ongtudes varied little.
it sixteen miles north latitude while Spekes observa
tion few miles south of the Equator. The two
observers observed differently; but this is reason for
discrepancy. Mr. Stanley took the sun at noon with
horizon and made observation for longitude in
the afternoon. He cannot understand how Speke-who
was on shore-observed, unless it was by double alti
tude OF the sun but i can give the explanation.
sPEKE TOOK HIS LATITUDEs
by observing the meridian altitude OF suitable stars
with artificial horizon and generally found star Of
the first magnitude tor his purpose At Katonga he had
Capella and Canopus Doth first magntude). Indeed,
while in Uganda it will be seen from the following that
he used others. The observations checked by
the fact that he travelling north at every his
dead reckoning would correct him. l cannot
see how to account for such blunder for have
the fullest confidence in his January 81,
1862 at Meruka, by star first magnltude) Capela, lat
itude SO min sec. s. February l, 1862, at sangwa,
by first nude Capela, latitude 30 min, Al sec
February 2 1862 at Masaka by star first magnitude)
Capella, latitude 20 min. sec. February g. 1862, at
Kituntu by star first magnltude) Canopus, latitude
min. 40 sec. 81 February 8, 1862, at Nakusi, by star
first magntude) Capella, latitude min Is sec. n
February 10, 1862 Kibbi by star (rst magnitude)
Capella latitude Is min. February IL 1852 at Naka-
tema, by star (hrst magnitudel Capea latitude IL mn
So February 49, 1862, at Namagoma by star first
magnitude) Capella latitude IT Is February
RaQuOWaFOpu mAQQItQQel
Canopus, latitude q min 10 sec
Speke never rested satisfied with an Indifferent OBJ
servaton he repeated it by another star the same
night following opportunity, so that he took many
observations than recorded and only regis.
tered those which gave him confidence
At the stations immediately south and north OF the
equator he observed follows tor longitude and varia
tion-February 3, 1862 at Masaka attitudes and
compass bearings February 4, 1852, at Masaka, dis
tances February 10, 1862 at Kbib 10 attitudes and
distances February IL 1862, at Kbibi IL attitudes
distances and compass bearing.
VICTORIA SIyANZA,
made known TO by Mr.. Stanley proves that Spcke
far underrated Its extent have carefully measured
the maps OF both travellers with compass TO ascertain
their existing difference, measuring every ten miles,
and the result by this rather rough means obtained is
follows :-Circumference OF Speke's lake, 645 geo.
graphical miles, circumference of Stanley's lake, 500
geographical miles. live add 265 geographical miles,
the circumference Of the Bahr-ingo Lake in speke's
map. We get 9l0 miles one body of watera curious
similarity in circumferency TO Staneys single lake.
SPELLING WORD NIYASZA.
Mr. Stanley thinks the mode of spelling Nyanza
is Objectionable because he saws the natives do not
pronounce it in this way Let me first explain that in
using the expression Lake Victoria Nyanza, we actu-
ally say Lake Victoria Lake-NyanZa signifying lake
All that is necessary, when using the word, to call
ii the Victoria NyanZa, Victoria Lake AS to tho
spelling and pronunciation of the word, find that
Is Is sounded differently in different localities
and different people spell II differently old maps
Mania Of three sylables in Livingstone, Nyassa of
two sylables; 1868, Speke and Grant Nyanza OF two
syllables; 1870 Rev. 7. wakeheds Sadi, N'yanja
oftwo syilabes 1876 Mr. II. NJ stanley, Niyanza or
Nee-yanza, OF three syllabes.
NvaSsa Nynnza NASAL N and N'vnnfa hnvp A mO
liquid than the threesyabe word Of Nee yanza
and we found the Waganda and Wanyoro pronounced It
by the method adopted by US.
NAMES OF rHR COUNTRIES WHICH wERs OBSERVED BY
STANLEY.
Some alluson may be made to the names OF the
countries which were observed by Mr. Stanley on tho
and northeast shores OF the lake. trying by
pairing them with the routes given by the Rev. T.
Wakefield to find similarity identitcation but after
close examination | have failed TO dovctail the
routes OF the latter with Mr. Staney's names Sadi
Mr. wakenelds informant, was correct in describing
the extent of the lake. and conectured that the north
stream from Lake Bahr lingo enters the Nyanza to
the norihward;' but as already stated, Mr.. Stanley
could get Information whatever regarding this lake.
The only names which tally given below, and /
leave it to others 70 make further inquiry
Wokcfetds Nap Stdntey's. Speke
Ushaki. .......... .shashi i.............. .Ushaki
Urudi. Ururu. UrudL
Thtr. Utiri. .........--.
kavirond. .Kavirondo. ..............
Ukara. a.............. Kav (may be Kari) $685..
Lgeyo .............. Ugeyeya Tor Ukerewehl.
Uvuma (Aianlandl. Uvuma 1slandl. ......... .Uvuma
.............. .Manyara. ............. Amara
None OF the above places visited either by Sadi
Speke; they obtained by inquiry from natives
and their positions toeraby accurate when com
pared with the same places fixed, presune astronom-
caly by Mr. Stanley.
AMERICAN ENERGY coMPLnfENTED.
In concluding these few remarks on Mr.. Stanley's
journey, may state that they made my
authority by request OF the President OF the Geograph
ical Society," for felt that II was not for to come
forward the champion ofSpeke-he required such
bosterng; in fact, should have preferred that
other and more competent hand wrote comment
Mr.. Stanleys journey However, have great pleasure
IN complying for it has opened up to me old love-
and given this opportunity of congratulating the
society the great achievement before them. Who
among US would have had his energyS Who would
undertake a cruise in an open boat and absent himself
from his camp for 1fty-eight daysS Who would risk
such danger TO life and exposure 10 an African In
the month OF Aprip Who Of us are able TO guide pro-
vide for lead and attend TO little army successfully
and in the midst OF all this take their observations for
latitude and ongitudoS think him a worthy repre-
sentative of the energy which sent out such expe
dton J. A. GRANT.
HoUsEHnL, NAIRN, N. b., Nov. 8, 1875.
CRUELTY TO CHILDREN.