davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

striving to retain her foothold by new
treaties with the Sultan of Zanzibar, whose
putative possessions greatly exceed his
actual authority, for Portugal has already
possessions in his neighborhood and the
capacity of extending them. -Four Euro
pean powers have successfully established
themselves on the western coast OF Africa
the Dutch, the Portuguese, the French
and the English. For 235 years the Dutch
flag floated over the fort of Elmina, on
which Maurice of Nassau placed it IN
1887, after which it was abandoned
France has long held Senegal, and En-
gland Sierra Leone and the adjacent de-
Tendencies, and Portugal since 1415 has
been an African landholder, still holding
Lower Guinea. But, with justice, this
region has been considered the un-
healthiest on the globe; while the Nile
basin, with cultivation and civilization, is
capable of becoming a garden, according
to the more recent accounts of its explor-
ers. England has had, and still has, her
representative men in this mighty work OF
opening Africa to the light of religion and
civilization What Livingstone COM
menced, and Cameron continued, Baker
and Gordon have helped to complete
London Daily Ne'cs.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
Decayed Leaves for Fl0wering Plants.

LEAF-MOLD, woOd-dirt and fine muck
are just what growing flowers need. De
cayed leaves, says the Prairie Fa1u,er, are
largely used in potting and for hot-bed
soil. For potting purposes leaves from
soft wood, such as fruit trees, soft maple
cottonwood elm and the like, are pre-
ferred, because they can, by sufficient
care in moistening, turning and mixing,
be made into fine mold in a single
season, whereas two seasons with hard
wood leaves would be required Hard
wood leaves are generally employed for
potting purposes, not because for the ma
jority Of plants the mold is superior to that
made from soil leaves, but the leaves are
generally made to do double duty-first, to
heat up beds covered with hot-bed sashes.
in which many halfhardy plants are
plunged and kept over winter, also for
common bot-beds, after which they are
heaped and stirred until they are rotted
into fine mold Their great value for
heating purposes is in their more gentle
and lasting heat Oak leaves are the most
durable; and consequently when moderate
but long-continued heat is wanted, as in
wintering over young cabbages, caulifow-
ers, halfhardy roses and the like they are
best. But exclusively for hotbed pur-
poses, as in bringing forward early plants,
one-fourth part of unfermented horse ma
nure should be mixed with the leaves at
the time of making up the beds to give the
more active heat required
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
Preserving Flowers.

A LADY of Chicago, an amateur florist,
some wears since gave minute directions
for preserving leaves and flowers perfect III
form and color for wrcaths and bouquets
She SAYS: Take the finest river sand,
wash il so clean that water when flowing
from it will be pure as if from Il well; heat
it very hot, and while in that state mix it
thoroughly with stcaric acid inthe proper
ton of one pound of the acid to 100
pounds of sand. Let it cool; take small
common sieve and nail boards under the
bottom to prevent the sand running
through Place sand enough in the sieve
to hold the flowers in position, not cover
ing them; then, with Il sheet OF paper
twisted in the form Of a tunnel or cone,
carefully pour in the sand between, around
and over the flowers, covering them about
half an inch Sci them by the stove, or in
some warm place where the sand will he
kept at about seventy degrees Fahrenheit
When they have remained long enough re-
move the boards from the bottom, letting
the sand run out, leaving your flowers pre-
served in perfection.
The greatest difficulty is to know when
the process is complete, different flowers
requiring different time. Flowers with
thick leaves and petals need more than
thin. light ones. Seven hours are sufficient
for some. while others require twelve, or
even more. 1t is best always for begin
ner to experiment with single plant at a
time. When the learner has succeeded
with a certain variety and noted the time
required others can be tried.
By this process the most delicate fern
leaves or the most delicate and tender
blossoms can be preserved retaining their
dark, fresh green, or glossy appearance rs
though upon their native stem.-Iotra
State Register.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

SLAKEp LIME placed loosely on board
inside a furnace during the summer will
take I'D the moisture and prevent rustlng.
A WASH composed of teaspoonful OF
nowdered borax to pint of rain water is
excellent for removing dandruff from the
hair.
PLASTER OF PARIS mixed with a satu-
rated solution of alum, baked in an oven,
pulverized, and lastly mixed with water, is
an excellent cement for marble.
A GOOD red or blue ink, suitable for use
with stamps, can be made by rubbing
Prussian blue or drop lake with fine clay
into thick paste with water. -a
ADHESIVE fiy-paper is made by boiling
linseed oil, to which little rosin has been
added, until a viscid mass is formed. The
latter is then spread evenly upon the
paper.
BLACK CuRRANT JAM.-Allow an equal
weight of currants and of crushed loaf
sugar; bruise and mash the fruit in pre-
serving pan, over the fire; add the sugar
stir it often; when it boils, skim and let ii
boil ten minutes.
PIcKLEp BEANs-Boil young pods in
water slightly salt till tender; throw them
into IA colander, with dish over, to drain
when done dripping, lay them outon a dry
cloth and wipe. Pour boiling vinegar
over them and you have an excellent
pickle.
A TABLESPOONFUL of black pepper put
in the first water in which gray and buff
linens are washed will keep them from
spotting. 1t will also generally keep the
colors of black or colorcd cambrics OF
muslins from running, and does not harden
the UNDERESTIMATE american.
TO Bon. EGGs-Drop them into boil
ing, sailed water, and let them remain
four minutes before taking out, ifyou like
them hard Still better way is to droT
them into boiling water, without salt, and
let them remain boiling two and Il hall
minutes You then have raredone and
digestible eggs.
DROPPED EGGs-Have ready the skillet
half filled with sailed water scalding hot
break each egg into cup and slip it care
fully into hot water so as not TO break the
yellow While the eggs are boiling throw
the water over the yellow with a spoon
When the whites look firm take them out
with perforated skinner. Trim them
neatly, place each on Il piece of buttered
toast and send hot to the table.
OMELETTE.-Take six eggs, beat the
whites and yelks separately, beat in with
the yelks tablespoonful of cold water and
Il teaspoonful Of salt; have ready youI
omclettc pan (or skillet hot with a table
spoonful of melted butter in it; beat the
whites and yellows together and pour in
During the frying move the pan continu
ally to and fro, so that what is below may
come on top again. When the omelette is
nicely Drowned on the bottom fold it ovel
with a cake-turner slip it on hot plate
and eat Immediately. Soyer says an ONE
lette pan should be free from damp. He
puts it on the fire with a little butter to ge
hot, removes it and wipes with dry clot
before putting in the eggs.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
The Number of Words in Use.

THE Pathological Congress had a dis
cussion of vocabularies. From Mrs
Clarks concordance of Shakespeare with
the important omission of all verbs spelled
like nouns) by similar process Prof
Holden finds in Shakespeare's vocabulary
$4,000 words. Milton, in his poems, is
found to use 1877 words; in his prose a
much greater number is probable. In the
English Bible there are only 1909 words,
exclusive of proper names. In Bosworth's
Dictionary of the Anglo Saxon" there are
1913 words in Dr. John Camden Hot
tens Dictionary Of Slang" 10000 words.
The wide difference between most of these
estimates and those of the Hon George p.
Marsh has called out a letter from the
latter, in which he explains that he used
the word word in the sense in which all
philologists would agree in employing it
i. e., he took only the simple stem,
and not the infected forms. Thus, while
Prof. Holden counted lover, loveess and
lovely as three words, Mr.. Marsh counted
them as only one. Prof. Holden con
cludes that a vocabulary of 10000 words is
not unusual among writers.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
Summer Hats.

LARGE Vatican flats of black or white
straw or of Leghorn are worn in the coun-
try. The finest black chip Watteaus are
trimmed with two bows of Valenciennes
lace, black velvet and clusters of small
fruits; black lace is used on white chip
and Leghorn flats. Another fancy is that
of covering the hats with very full ruches
of white crepe lisse, except Immediately
on top of the crown, where a cluster of
roses and humming-bird nestle, and a
bow of black velvet is tied there, with long
ends floating behind. Young girls wear
flat Vatican hats, with the brim lined with
brown, scarlet or blue silk, and the crown
trimmed with butterfly bows of cream-col
ored soft silk and scarf of the color of
the lining. India-silk ribbons, with no
wrong side, and too soft to crush are worn
on summer hats; they are plain, shaded,
or else plaids of one or two colors. Coarse
straw hats, glazed like japanese braids,
are trimmed with wooden balls and ap-
plique leaves of velvet and cloth.-Har
per's Bdzdr.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
Lime as a Dressing for Land.

SUBURBAN." Cook County, H., asks
I" What is the value Of lime as dressing
for land and what is its value thereon?''
Lime acts in several capacities applied
to the land 1t binds light soils and
renders lighter heavy ones. This, from
the fact that it is intermediate between
the two; that is, it has greater cohesive
power than sandy soils and less than
clay. 1t is valuable also for the mineral
elements it possesses, and also for the
power of entering into combination with
elements already in the soil. Like gyp-
sum, it should be tried on soils TO dis
cover its effects before using largely; for
upon some soils it is more inert than upon
others. Marty soils, containing carbonate
of lime, in drying easily fall into pow.
der, from the fact that the lime is in an
extremely divided state, and, in shrinking
perfectly divides the clayey particles with
which it is in contact. On cold, heavy
soils this effect is clearly apparent. So
mixed with sandy soils, it gives considera
BILE tenacity to the whole
Carbonate Of lime-lmestone burned
and air-slacked-is soluble to Il consider
able degree in the water of the soil, foI
this water holds considerable carbonic
acid. Thus, besides its mechanical effects
it also exercises other forces, and through
its solubility becomes intimately mixed
with the soil. We advise you to try lin
ing to the extent of say thirty bushels per
acre, and note the effect If favorable
the quantity may be increased to 200 bush
els per acre, as experience may dictate
Farm and Garden,' IN Chicogo Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
Training Horses.

Nor one man in ten is fitted to train a
horse correctly. One is too passionate,
another too timid, another too severe, an.
other ignorant, and so on through the cat.
alogue. A highly nervous animal can, be
thoroughly spoilt by a passionate man in
few days time. Bad habits in the train.
er beget bad habits in the horse. The
habits and character of a horse, like those
Of man, are formed in the training, and
when once confirmed generally "stick''
through life. 1t is an easy matter to pre-.
vent but serious one to cure Whipping
a young animal for every real or fancied
offense is one of the worst practices, and
yet it is almost universally INDUCED in. |
know horse that jumps every time the
harness is put on him. The man who
"broke" him hadn't common sense. and
the first time he threw the harness on him
he did it just as he would on an old horse.
carelessly; the colt was badly scared and
kicked, striking his owner on the leg
This enraged him so that he beat him un.
mercifully.9 That was five years ago and
the horse has not forgotten it, and never
Will. The appearance of the harness
thrown over him is inseparably connected
with that outrageous beating, and believe
no amount of care or counter-training can
overcome his fear when the harness is first
put on him. ctss ..,-i..-..-
Some men whip a horse whenever he
SHES. 1t never does any good, but ALWAYS
works mischief. 1t is just the way to form
the habit. 1t is perfectly natural for a
young colt shy at objects with which he
is not familiar. But let him shy; pay no
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
HOrse-RadiSh.

IF we cultivated horse-radish for the
market we think we should not vary the
plan we adopt for our own garden crop
that is, set out half an acre of ground with
the plant, let it remain year without dig
ging, then remove one-half or two-thirds
of the crop equally throughout the patch ;
next year remove the remainder of the first
planting; and so on every year take up
about the same proportion. If the ground
is suitable we do not conceive of any ne
cessity of cultivating it after the first or
second year, inasmuch as the plot of
ground will be pretty well covered, the re-
production of the plant, from the smallest
pieces of root with mere speck of the
crown, going on regularly. The mode
generally recommended to cultivate the
horse-radish from year to year is laborious,
slow and we should say would not be
nearly SO productive or profitable. Ger
manto0n telegraph
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
A BOOtblack Marquis.

ABOUT year and half ago a French
man, who had lived for some time in Chi
cago and operated on the Board of Trade,
committed suicide. He was a member of
one of the oldest and most noble families
in France, that of de Belloy, and was, by
right a Marquis. Being depressed in
spirits he went, one evening, in company
with some friends, into a wine-cellar on
Clark street and, after drinking several
times, drew small pistvl and fired a bull
let into his body. There was, of course,
confusion at once, whereupon de Belloy
walked up to the counter, where the owner
of the place presided, asked his pardon, in
the most bland terms, for creating any I'M
due disturbance, fell back upon the floor
and died. The strange man had a strange
eventful and romantic history In brief it
was that he left France about twenty years
ago and came to America In Northern
Michigan he married fisherman's daugh-
ter, and maintained himself and family
for some time by teaching. Six children
grew out of the union. Several years ago
he came back to Chicago and began OPP
Grating on Change, his business career
proving a checkered one. After his death
his widow found it difficult matter to get
along. Her Oldest boy engaged in boot
backing and selling newspapers upon the
streets, becoming rapidly as dirty, saucy
and shittless a boy as is to be found amongst
the gamin of Chicago. The widow sub
sequently removed TO Geneseo, in this
State, where she now resides with her
family. The srangest part Of this story
remains to be told
Information has just been received here
that the mother of Marquis de Belloy. the
father of this boOtblack, has just died in
France. The Chicago boy is the oldest
son and, by right, inherits the title of Mar
quis, while his mother becomes the Mar
chioness de Belloy The boy will hereafter
be the head of this proud family, which
traces its lineage back behind the Crusader
All that now remains is TO prove the legal
ity of his mothers marriage and his own
legitimacy to secure the titles and the
right to all the lands estates, heredita-
ments of the family of which they are the
representative heirs. Good for the boot
black; good for the fsherman's daughter
Now then, won't some American girl
please keep her eye on the young Marquis
and gather him in, matrimonially, as soon
as he gets old enough ?-Chicago Times
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
How Mountains Are Sawed Into.

THE contracting or shiiveling of the
earth causes the rocks near the surface to
wrinkle or fold, and such a fold was
started athwart the course of the river
Had it been suddenly formed it would
have been an obstruction sufficient to turn
the water in new course to the east, be-
yond the extension of the wrinkle: but
the emergence of the fold above the gen.
eral surface of the country was little or
no faster than the progress of the corrasion
of the channel We may say that the
river did not cut its way down through
the mountains from height of many
thousand feet above its present site; but,
having an elevation differing but little,
perhaps, from what it now has, as the fold
was lifted it cleared away the obstruction
by cutting a canon, and the walls were
thus elevated on either side. The river
preserved its level, but mountains were
lifted up; as the saw revolves on fixed
pivot, while the log through which it cuts
is moved along. The river was the saw
which cut the mountains in two.-Popular
Science Monthly.
BEING threadbare is q terrible bear to
proud man.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
was curious spectacle and one well cal

was curious spectacle and one well cal
culated to excite ones amazement.
"The actions of these ants looked like
simple indulgence in idle amusement
Have these little creatures, then, an excess
of energy beyond what is required for la
bors absolutely necessary for the welfare of
their species, and do they thus expend it
in mere sportiveness, like young lambs or
kittens, or in idle whims, like rational
beings? 1t is probable that these hours of
relaxation and cleaning may be indispen-
sable to the effective performance of their
harder labors; but whilst looking at them,
the conclusion that the ants were engaged
merely in play was irresistible"
The Ectton predator is small, dark
red species that hunt, not in columns, but
in phalanxes which sometimes spread over
space of from four to six square yards.
They move rapidly and consume whatever
inactive and soft-bodied insects fall in
their reach. They mount to the apex of
all lower trees, searching every twig and
leaf, and pouring like flood of dark-red
liquid over its whole surface The Eciton
crasstcornis has eyes composed of a single
lens, as have all the foregoing species, but
in this instance they are sunk in deep
sockets. 1t forages like the rest of its
genus, but avoids the light, moving under
leaves and fallen branches In crossing
an open space it constructs covered way
under which the procession passes.
The Ectt0n udstat0s and the e. errdticd
are utterly blind, and travel wholly upon
covered roads, quickly thrown up as the
column advances. The grains of earth
forming the arched roof of their passages
are not cemented, but hold together in a
surprising manner Mr.. Bates states that
he has traced these arcades for distance
of 100 or 200 yards. When in the course
of their route these blind engineers reach
a promising hunting ground, they stop to
ravage it, and then pass on, erecting a
cover for their columns as they laboriously
advance.-Chteago Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

DURING fourteen years experience with ad-
vcrtiscrs and advertising agencies We have
never had dealings with d firm whose straight
forward, upright policy 50 largely secured
our confidence and respect as that Of Geo. P.
Rowell q Co., Advertising Agents, New York.
Their contracts are always plain, ineligible
and specific. They secure the most adyanta-
gcouS rates from publishers for the reason
that the latter feel assured that tsey are Sc
cured beyond chance or technicality in get
ting whatever the amount of their contract
calls for, providing always that publishers
have done as they agreed to.-SiouI City
fIOlpd( Times.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

DURING clerical conference the fol
lowing conversation was heard between
two newsboys " say, Jim, what's the
meaning of so many ministers being here
altogether" Why" answered Jim,
scornfully, "they always meet once a year
to swap sermons" docs as
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

+ The best securing powder in the world
for keeping tin-ware bright is the fine,
white, soft ashes from hard or soft coal
The polish produced is remarkably bright
and permanent-Cor. Prairie Farmer
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
WILHorr's FEVER AND AGUE ToN

WILHoFT's FEVER AND AGUE Tonic
This medicine is used by construction com
panics for the of their cmp|oyrs when
engaged in malariaI districts. The highest
testimonials have been given by contractors
and by the Presidents of some Of the lrading
railroads in the South and West. When
men are comgrcgated in large numbers in the
ncighhOrhood of swamps and rivers, Viii
hoft's Tonic will prove valuable addition
to the stock of medicines, and wllamPly re-
ward the company in the saving Of time Ia
hor and money. We recommend it 10 alt.
WuEELoCK, FINLAY II Co., PruPriCtors,
New Orleans.
Enp 81 ny ALL nRIraGI
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

Some one has discovered that the po-
tato-bugs steal rides from the West in
freight cars. They should be made literal
dead-heads as soon as they alight.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

HENRY X. BOND, of Jefferson, Me, was
cured of splitting blood, soreness and weak
ness of the stomach by the use of J0IJtSOn's
An0dyne Li1timent internally.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

PRUssTNG'S White Wine Vinegar, warranted
pure and to preserve pickles. A superb article
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

SOME of the laws Of Paris are worth i'm
porting into this country. In many
branches of business honesty is enforced.
If jeweler sells plated or washed articles
he lie obliged to label them Limitation
If a grocer is detected cling adulterated
articles for genuine he is not only fined,
but is obliged to expose a placard in his
store stating that fact Manufacturers OF
confectionery can only use the kinds and
qualities of coloring matter prescribed by
ordinance,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05
2 THIs is the season of bugs. Potato bugs
and chinch-bugs on the farms-all kinds

= IHIs is the season OF bugs. Potato- bugs
and chinch-bugs on the farms-all kinds
of bugs puttering about the windows even
ings or trying to find their way into PEG
pies ears-black bugs and brown bugs
bugs that buzz and bugs that make no
noise at all-bugs that bite and bugs that
come fooling around my lady's back-hair
or tickling her on the neck merely to hear
her screech in accents terrific as if an ele-
phantine- rhinoceros was closing his jaws
upon her-bugs that crawl, and bugs that
snap, and bugs that festiveIy fly into
lighted lamps, offering themselves up as
savory sacrifice upon the altar of reck.
"big bugs" buzzing and
swelling and dancing about the fashion
able watering places under the preposter-
Gus selfdeception that they are making
lions of themselves.-Chicago Journal.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

A WANT has been felt and expressed by
physicians for safe and reliable purgative
Such want is now supplied in Parsons
P,trgdtipe Pills
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

"CREAM WHITE has been finally adopt
ed as the color of the new postal card.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-08-05

THERE is horrid rumor of the restora-
ton of crinoline,