The New York herald., 1875-12-14

winds were The cause Of the inundation OF the Nile
Anaxagoras and Democrates declared that these north
ern rather northeastern, winds which blow during
winter over the Valley Of Egypt without deposlting
upon the land Of Egypt or upon the desert beyond u
any part OF the moisture with which they freighted
in the north. Those early geographers also
In some way got the information that there
Was region ~ sho" ~ E1hlVPlA Anclr thcory was
that these eesan or cold northern winds which blow
Egypt In winter and spring condensed when
they contact with the loly mountain ranges Of
Ethiopia and descend from the western slopes Of those
mountains IN great torrents which h the great
vOlTs OF the Nile, and the SHOWS melt under the
strong equatorial heat Of summer the waters of Eth
opa were by these means greatly augmented in that
season of the year, and that this caused
the annual swelling OF the Nile. Herodotus
would not believe that snow-covered mountains could
exist in the hot region of the torrd zone and he there
fore rejected il, like the English geographer
Mr.. Cooley who would not believe that the mission
aries, Kran and Rebmann, had the peaks OF hena
and kelmangaro covered with snow until Baron Won pa
Decken aiterward not only saw the snowy peaA VI
kemangaro, but also three avaanehes descending 10
snowy sides.
Since our last meeting one OF associates Mr
Merriam has sent me a passage from Pausanus which
would seem TO Indicate that the Albert nyah<a was
known IN that writer's tune, whieh was ~ .ne seSoau
century OF our era The passage Is TINS many OF the
Greeks Egyptians who have pentraed INTO ETHIOPIA
and to Meroe OF the Ethiopans declare that the ME-
flows into a lake and passes through and onf Of hts,
as If it came from dry land or river banksl ana
thence running through lower Ethiopia ana into Egypt
emptles into the at Pharos. phenomenon men
toned by Mr. New found that the river Tana, which
has tts outlet In the Indian Ocean, about deg mln
south latitude and is the principal stream OF that por
tion Of the East African coast overnows its banks in
the summer season. delugng the whole country around
its mouth while the other rivers on the same part of
/ the coast, such as the 0zei and Sabake, retain
i their natural BEDS experiencing no change. This
\ phenomenon and the direction from whence the river
ran led him conclude that this river had its source
Ia the snowy region OF Mount Kenio and that II was
the melting of the SHOWS there under the great equa
toral heat Of summer which produced this phenome
non. Ii this on the eastern slopes why may II
the western slopes Of the mountain chain
lying between the Victoria Nyanza and the Indian
ocean, and be- those ancient geographers asserted
ot the causes Of the great annual outflow Of water
the fountain head OF the Nile and the cause OF the
phenomena OF It's inundation IN summer along the whole
Egyptian Valley. Mr.. Stanley has found the remote
southern of the Victoria Niyanza 10 be the
River Luamberri, which rises in elevated table land
about SO deg longitude, deg south latitude, about
the point where Polemy places the ending of the Noun
tans of the Moon. This river much OF which, in its
crooked course was seen by Mr Stanley he estimated
To be about $40 miles in length Uniting with another
approaches the Victoria Niyanzait forms the
Shmceya, which latter river IS aiterward augmented
by the Duma and becomes the largest atuent OF the
Victoria Niyanza
If, as apprehend and most geographers believe
the Albert Niyanza shall prove TO be an independent
lake. then Mr. Stanley will, in all probability, be the
final dscoverer Of the ultimate or the Nile and
have his name forever associated with the settlement
OF question that has agitated the world for more
than 1000 years.
Chief Justice DAILY concluded follows:-I cannot
close without a comment the remarkable achieve
ment Of Mr.. Stanley in marching through an unknown
country over 100 miles in 100 days, which would
have occupied the ordinary Arab traders
usual experience of African explorers II might
have taken two years That he accomplished this feat
the trial OF the loss Of half his command
by disease and the attacks Of hostile sayages IS an
achievement that wll compare with anything in the
history Of exporatlon ana ~ also specially worthy
OF notice that the expedition he successfully
red through was not undertaken by government or
by society but was conceived and the heavy expense
OF borne by the propretors Of the NBw YORK HERALD
and tue London Telegraph II s not only event.
but in journalism; for by the results obtained
il has placed The whole world under obligation TO the
propr!etors OF these Two great newspapers.
BAYARD rAYLoRs SPEECH.
Mr. Bayard Taylor being called for, spoke fol.
lows
Mr. PRESIDENT OF THE GscGRAPH PHIcAL SOCIETY, LADIES
AND GESTLEMES-lt gives me very great pleasure TO be
present this occasion and to take brief part in the
proceedings | have never been an explorer
any important sense Of The word, and
| have long since ceased TO be even what
= LIED rraveiler. bnt / have never los, The
keenest possible interest in geographical research,
especially now, when every year brings us such rich
returns think most htng that Mr.. Sanley's recent
achievements should be especially considered by the
American Geographical Society. Our recognition and
encouragement the less due since all prob
ABILITY the report Of them will not reach him before
his heroic labors are over
In regard to tho main geographical problem as
affected by his latest discoveries, 1t seems 70
that there IS no need OF any further discussion.
For my own part have never held any other view
than that the sources Of the Nile would DO ultimately
found among the high mountains 10 Eastern Africa,
south of the Equator | must confess the grounds OF
my belief were not AZ all scientific, and | am quito
ready to accept whatever rdicue may follow the sup
preston Of them
In the frs, place, have always had the greatest
faith in the OF ancient records believed
in the trustworihlness Of Herodous, Strabo and
Ptolcmy and place the most implicit faith in all their
Statements ana when in the year ls49 1850, Knapp
and Rebmann ) discovery the great snow mountains
Of Kiliman diaro was made known TO the world had
connected II IN my IMAGINATION with the course OF the
White Nile gwen Wernes works. which had
been published by the great German some years before
The lakes OF Ptolemy we're still an unknown region,
covering eight degrees Of latitude intervening between
kllmAndlaTO furLhegt
had then been reached on the White Nile This
nection was an illogical one, il you please but have
never been able 10 separate them. Early ~ 1851
Dr. Knooocher, Catholic Bishop Apostolic for Central
Africa, published Germany his account OF the ascent
OF the White Nile latitude deg north His descrp
tons were so careful and evidently 50 correct, and
they revealed such unexpected and wide held OF
African travel that when l found myself in Egypt
before the close oi the same year deter
mined TO devote the whole winter to reaching
far point the White Nile as was possible with
my limited means. had made no preparation IN any
for actual journey Of exploration Indeed,
ready back at any point whenever the diff
culues or travel should become too great
But though the difficulties OF travel in
creased sscended the Bahr-e-Shazal aud
reached the town OF Khartoum, at the
junction OF the Blue and the White Nile, where | met
and made the acquaintance Of DR.. Knobecher himself
years before he died finally found myself doat-
ing along the White Me, carried along by strong
wind, southwark, at the rate Of one hundred miles
a day Al that time this whole region was
known Burton, Grant, Speke and Baker we're then
unknown to the world, and there little knowl-
edge OF the region OF Egypt tnat my attempt
looked upon there as something exceedingly rash and
dangerous. One day while was drifting along the
current Of that magnificent food with a curious baby
hippopotamus following the boat as II trying 70
hnd out who and what we're reflected as looked
down upon the water, these waves we're, short time
ago. SHOWS upon the peak OF Kiligaro.7 had
more doubt IN il than II had with my own eyes
the little rls trcklng through the cold ravines and
gathering into the river below Then and there
wrote poetlcal address TO that grand mysterious
mountain, aud will take the liberty u reading you
the opening lines
Hail thou monarch of African mountains
Remote; inaccessible, silent and alone,
Who from the heart OF The tropical ervor
Llitest 70 heaven thine alien SHOWS.
Feeding forever the fountains that make thee
Falher of Nile and Creator OF Egypt
-Applsuse)
OF course there was not the slightest particle OF
scientnc deduction in all this, there no logic
probably no common sense Il was simply that
imagination which takes the form Of faith and which
firmly believes what IL cannot prove Hav.
ing thus committed myself Of course have aever
allowed any later deduction to shake my position
flang hfar md I'M rnrr afr thatr