davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

= Could we not kill two birds with one
stone--raise our own meatand improve
our land, if we were to raise sheep ON
our farms more than we do?
| know that mutton is not favorite
article of food with our people, but |
believe that if they would eat more Of
it and less of fat bacon, they would be
stronger, healthier, and less liable to
inhammatory disease.
| can understand how people living
in a cold climate prefer very fat meat,
because it is necessary to supply the
carbon to maintain internal heat. We
know the Laplanders drink train oil,
and the Russians will eat tallow candles
with relish, but | cannot understand
people living in our warm climate
making fat bacon their principal ami
NAL food. Mutton is the cheapest,
most nutritious, and consequently the
most wholesome food we can eat. |
think it is Liebig who says, in his
"Animal Chemistry" that the prize
fighters in England, when in training
for their barbarous encounters, use
mutton almost exclusively, never al
lowing the use of pork or bacon. 1t
is not necessary to present.at any length
the other consideration, namely, the
value of sheep as renovators of worn
lands. That is not denied, | suppose,
by any intelligent farmer.
Taking into account the small cost
of keeping sheep, and the value of
the wool and of the manure, the meat
is evidently the cheapest animal food
that we can raise. .....
We cannot expect to see mutton in
troduced at once as substitute for
pork, but we may hope to see it used
instead of q portion of the pork which
we eat. What | want is to mix NUT
ton with our hog and hominy-to find
a fine, fat, juicy leg Of Southdown or
Cotswold mutton on farmers table
now and then instead of the inevitable
fat bacon swimming in its own grease.
Then, theeconomy being conceded, the
sanitary advantage comes in. If we
were to eat more mutton and less pork,
we should be less liable to inhamma-
tory diseases and less liable to dyspep-
a.-Norval in Southern Home.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30
Market Gardening Crops.

J. B. Root, an experienced trucker
and seed grower in Illinois, gives the
following suggestion in one Of series
of articles in the Fruit Recorder:
1t is difficult to say what crops L
would recommend to beginner, or
how much of them, for know not
what may be the soil, or market, or
circumstances. | can only recommend
some Of the leading vegetables, condi-
tioning each with several :" ifs" so that
the reader may not only know some
of the inducements TO cultivate them,
but also some of the difficulties he will
encounter.
OF early sown crops, if one has a
warm soil, radishes make one Of the
most profitable as demanding little ex-
pense except the punching, which is
necessary only when you are sure of
your crop aud sale for it. Itusually
finds large sale at a good price if very
early, and is often raised as a stolen
crop. Another advantage is, the
quick returns secured, the crop being
raised and marketed in from 40 to go
days.
Onions, year in and year out, prob
ably yield the most profit of any gar
den crop, but should never be under
taken in large amounts at first, nor
even upon small scale if the ground
be poor or weedy. New ground one
or two years clean titled is especially
favorable, along with this, if the grow
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

At a meeting of the Massachusetts
Cheese Factory Association, Addison
H. Holland, Barre farmer, read an
essay on fodder corn. With seventeen
cows he experimental to see what its
value was in producing milk during
the month of July he turns his cows
out into a good pasture after having
fed them with fodder corn, and they
showed a large falling off in milk.
He then through August, soiled them
in the stable, feeding fodder corn, and
there was a gain in the production of
milk. In September they were again
turned into the moving, full feed, and
they fell off. Mr.. Holland cures his
corn by spreading it upon the stone
walls, and regards it az valuable feed
for milch cows when well cured. He
thinks fodder corn the best crop there
is to bridge over dry time with fed
sixty or seventy pounds per COW when
they were kept in short pasture.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

Influence OF the Stock as Affect
ing the Ripening Season
Of Peaches.

Upon more than one occasion we
have expressed our belief that much
, of the variation in quality, size Of
fruit, and time of ripening, that we
see in different specimens of the same
variety is due to the character Of the
stock upon which that variety was
budded or grated. This is not a mere
matter of scientific interest, but it is
question Of dollars and cents to every
orchardist in the country, and more es-
pecially to the grower Of peaches, to
whom, more than to the one who raises
/ apples and pears, the difference Of a
few days in the time Of ripening is Of
the greatest Importance, and may de-
eide the success of his seasons business.
In July last, we published important
testimony upon this point from Col.
Wilkins, the great peach-grower OF
Maryland, and since then other facts
have come to our knowledge which
point in the same direction. A gen.
tleman Of wide experience in pomology,
and an acurate observer, who, though
he has withdrawn from active life, still
continues his experiments with fruits,
raised among other new seedlings a
peach, which he especially desired us
to see; he forwarded us specimens of
his favorite seeding, and in the accom-
panying note remarked, "the samples
send you are from tree originally a
Hale's, which / budded in 1872; it
is now beautiful bearer, equal in form
and vigor to its parent; but, strange
to say, the fruit ripens at least three
,ueeks earlier. So much for the infu-
ence Of the stock upon the graft.
This led to further discussion of the
subject in our correspondence, and we
quote the following from among other
matters Of interest contained in the let
ters Of the writer, whose name, were
we at liberty to give, would be recog-
pized as one to whom pomology is large
ly indebted. He writes "That the
stock influences the time of ripen-
ing is most true, especially when the
buds or gratis are set upon established
trees. An acquaintance Of mine,
good observer, and a nurseryman on a
! small scale, (Mr. Ross, of Westfeld,
N. j. showed me two apple trees,
side by side, which he grated with
two pieces Of the same scion; the va
riety was the King apple Of New Jer-
sew, which was then very rare, and
having but one scion he cut it in two
and grated one-half with each. The
stocks when grated upon were some
three or four inches in circumference
note the result: One Of the grated
trees ripened its fruit six weeks earlier
than the otherl | have seen the trees
and the fruit, and am sure that the old
gentleman was to be perfectly relied
upon" Our correspondent says fur
ther: 'In regard to your views about
grating or budding upon improved
stock, that is the result of good seed
instead Of the wild Virginia seeding,
am decidedly Of your opinion use
nothing else still cannot go SO far as
to establish the difference between
cling-stones and free-stones for stocks.
*** = To resume, would say place
a sound, eueII-matured bud or graft upon
a healthy stock, and one which is, as
near as can be ascertained, of the same
season of blossoming and ripening."
American Farmer.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30
Stotk department.
The Best Sheep for the South, and
their Treatment.
Pike County.

Mr.. G. w. Howard, in answer to a
correspondent, who asks what breed of
sheep pays best when you have good
range all summer, and tolerably
good one all winter, replies, through
the Rural CaroIinian, that the Merino
crossed upon the native sheep is the
best ; that the cheapest food is rye or
oat pasture sown in August, and that
turnips though more costly, are more
valuable than rye on ccount of their
enriching The land when the turnips
are eaten by sheep in fold. To a
North Carolina inquirer he gives the
following advice;
Folding sheep on turnips will answer
better on your soil and climate than
with us. You have some sand; we
have none. A soil not sandy to excess
is the best for turnips, if sufficiently
rich, On the day to which you refer,
the thermometer was at thirteen de-
grees here, five degrees colder than
with you. My turnips We're, of course,
frozen but not injured thereby. My
sheep are eating them now with avidity,
and am now shipping them by the
hundred to the Atlanta market. This
ought not to be done, as it is robbing
the land, but necessity requires it. If
only every other row be pulled up,
the land will still get heavy dressing
of manure
Ewes in lamb may be folded nearly
until the time Of lambing. They
should then be removed to the lamb
ing-yard, afterwards they should run
on rye or other pasture, with little
meal given them daily until the grass
affords full bite. Rams should never
be folded with breeding ewes.
1t has been stated above that Merino
bucks, crossed on our common ewes,
make the best stock for the farm, as
the commencement of stock. This
stock is advised, because there is less
risk in it than in beginning with
a flock of pure Merinos. These, if
brought from a distance, must be ac'
climated, and severe loss often occurs
in the process of acclimation. If one
or two pure bucks die the first year,
after having run with the ewes, it is
comparatively a small matter. The
loss is hardly felt, as the result is fifty
or one hundred halEblood lambs,
the weight of whose fleece will have
nearly, if not quite, doubled by the
cross. In four years there will be an
acclimated flock sufficiently pure for
all farm purposes, and for the wool
market.
For some reason the improved long
wooled sheep do not thrive with us
unless in very small focks. This is to
be regretted, as the lustrous wools of
the Leicesterand Cotswold sell actually
higher now than that of the pure Me.
rino. This arises from the demand
for alpaca goods and what are called
business suits. If / were called on to
saw what book would be now of most
use to Southern landholders, | would
say RandalPs Letters on Sheep Hus-
bandry at the South, to Governor
Aston, of South Carolina.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

TRY NAILS. We have taken the
trouble, in extensive trips over the
countryssto make some inquiries about
certain fruit trees which attracted at
tention on account of their thrift and
fruit bearing qualities. They were
fresh and vigorous, while all around
the other we're decaying or dead. In
nearly every case it turned out that
tenpenny nails had been driven into the
body as near the ground as possible.
Trees selected at random and treated
in this way always turned out to be
healthy, vigorous and excellent fruit
bearers, producing the most luscious
fruit. The reason why the worm will
not attack the trees is because the
oxydation or rusting of the iron by the
sap evolves ammonia, which, as the
sap arises, will of course impregnate
every part of the foliage, and prove
too drastic dose for the delicate pal
ates of intruding insects. The salt of
iron afforded by the nails is extremely
offensive to the worms, while it is not
only harmless but beneficial to the
foliage and fruit of the tree.-Rurai
Carolinian.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

A dairyman who gained a high
reputation for his butter always had
the balls marked with a swan. After
a while the stamp broke and another
pattern was used instead, but the but
ter would not sell. The old stamp was
restored, and the butter brought its
aforetime high price. This shows how
little the real, intrinsic value Of an
article is often regarded, in determin-
ing its money value.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30
er has an inborn hatred of weeds, he

is pretty sure OF crop.
On cool soil and well titled, early
peas are good crop, but provision
must be made to have an abundance Of
pickers whenever wanted. 1t also is
cleared from the ground in time to al
low ofpickling cucumbers, late cabbage,
late roasting ears of corn, or turnips,
and by planting between the rows, fine
crops of melons or squash can be grown
after them.
Early cabbage pay well when well
titled on very rich ground, but most
new beginners err in attempting at first
to grow largely Of early cabbage and
late celery, two Of the most difficult
crops to grow and demanding the larg-
est outlay and risk.
Early beets for punching are usually
in free demand and pay well, having
no pests and safe for late crop should
they miss the early market. But the
grower must remember they are bulky,
and it takes great many wagon loads
to realize 500.
Early potatoes in every market are
sure Of demand and one of our surest
crops. Economically managed it al
ways yields fair profit, and often a
very large one. Mulching with ma
nure to be plowed under for the second
crop insures a good yield, and being all
available for the other crop really costs
the potatoes nothing.
Sweet corn usually pays we'll if
brought into the market very early, or
very late, but it is SO easily raised that
the glut drives the price to a low figure.
But it is profitable hog and stock feed
even while green, feed stalks and all,
so there need never be any loss upon it.
Melons upon sandy soil in good
earth if protected from their many
pests, "can't help but pay" and the
demand grows with the supply till we
can almost say that no market has
for any length of time been glutted
with them. But "eternal vigilance
is the price" Of melons.
Winter squash especially Hubbard,
have become such a staple in the mar
ket that a large demand is always GER
tain, and the grower Of large crop
rarely fails to realize well. Failures
are often due to insufficient fertility,
but more frequently by neglect the
bugs are allowed to destroy them.
Tomatoes, if once well rooted, are
the most tenacious of life, and loyalty
yield at least fair crop whether the
season be a continuous drouth or one
protracted rain. Often tits imprudent-
ly marketed and the price driven very
low. But it has become such stand.
ard fruit for table use and for canning,
that with tact in marketing, or by can
ming all surplus, fair price ought to
be maintained. | annually market
several hundred bushels, but never
have sold bushel for less than seventy
five cents and more usually have OBJ
tanned dollar. On the wagons ready
for market, / do not think they cost me
more than thirty cents at the highest.
The root crops, beets, carrots, pars-
snips, and ruta bagas, grown upon
clayey loan pay well in most markets,
but the important items Of expense
are their culture and harvesting, and
economic methods must be studied.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

Our principles are the springs of our
actions; our actions the springs of our
happiness or misery. Too much care,
therefore, cannot be taken in forming
-lr principles.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

The blossom cannot tell what be-
comes of its odor, and no man can tell
what becomes of his influence and ex-
amples that roll away from him and
60 beyond his ken on their perilous
mission.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

Old settlers, and those who have
gone through previous grasshopper
epochs, have no fear Of the spring
crop. Farmers in Douglas county are
attending to their farm work, careless
of their winged visitants not yet warm
ed into life. They do not fear them.
1t is said the grasshoppers born in
Kansas soil will fly away or die in a
few days after they appear upon the
surface.-Kansas Standard of Reform.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

Advice is like castor oil-easy enough
= hut dreadful to take.
The farmers' vindicator., 1875-04-30

What is the difference between a
tube and foolish Dutchman? One is
a hollow cylinder, and the ether. .is q
silly Hollander.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-08-31

in the absence Of any intention Of fraud,
he should not be destroyed because he is
unfortunate and cannot respond at once
to the demand of wicked Shylock.
There is another class of well-bred gen.
tlemen who are respectful to even the
poorest debtor, and who do not present
their claims in aninsulting, domineering
manner, but with pleasant grace and
politeness, which makes you feel that 1t
is real pleasure to pay them, if you
have the means at hand, and if not to re-
solve that you will do so at the very ear
liest day possible.
In conclusion we would say to those
who have contracted debts, do not for a
moment entertain the thought of evad-
ing them, but struggle to be free, and
when once disenthralled thank God and
stay so. And to those who have man
aged to have claims against their less
fortunate neighbors we would say, don't
assume any great superiority on that ac-
count, nor attempt to play the tyrant by
expressing and lording it over others,
but be reasonable and kind; present your
claims in a friendly and gentlemanly
manner, and If you find that your debt
ors would pay if they could, wait till they
can, if you can, and you will not be apt
to suffer in the end.
Mans inhumanity to man
Makes countless Thousands mourn"
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-08-31
OId Time nneI.

What was the cause Of the duel be-
tween Daniel 0Connell and D'Esterre2"
AnSUer. AT q meeting in January,
1915, O'Connell said " / am convinced
that the Catholic cause has suffered by
neglect of discussion. Had the petition
been last year the subject Of debate, we
should not now see the beggarly corpo-
ration Of Dublin anticipating our eff
forts by petition of an opposite ten
dency." AS D Esterre was member Of
that body, he took exception, and sent
the following letter:
II BACHELORS WALK, 26th JAM, 1915 ,
SIR-Carrick's paper Of the 23d in
stant in its report of the debates Of a
meeting of Catholic gentlemen, on the
subject Of petition, states that you ap-
piled the appellation Of beggarly to the
Corporation of this city, calling it beq-
carly Corporation, and therefore, as a
member OF that body, and feeling how
painful such is, beg leave to inquire
whether you really used or expressed
yourself in any such language? | feel
the more justified in calling on you on
this OCCASION as such language was not
warranted or provoked by anything on
the part of the Corporation; neither was
it consistent with the subject Of your de.
bate, or the department of the other
Catholic gentlemen who were present;
and, though | view it so inconsistent in
every respect, | am in hopes the editor
is in error, and not you. l have further
to request your reply in the course of
the evening, and remain, sir, your obe-
dent servant, j. N. D'EsTERRE.
To Chancellor 0'oOnnell, Merrion Square.
To this 0'Conuell sent the following:
MERRIoS SQUARE, January q. 1916,
SIR-In reply to your letter of yester-
day and without either admitting or dis
claiming the expression respecting the
Corporation of Dublin in the print to
which you allude, l deem it right to in.
form you that, from the calumnious man
ner in which the religion and character
of the Catholics of Ireland are treated
in that body, no terms attributed to me,
however reproachtul, can exceed the
contemptvous feelings l entertain for
that body, in its corporate capacity; al
though doubtless it contains man valua-
Bile persons, whose conduct as individuals
Il lament must necessarily be confound.
ed in the acts of general body. Ihave
only to add that this letter must close
our correspondence on this subject |
am, etc DANIEL 0'CoNNELL.
ToJ. N. D'Esterre, Esq.
0'Connelrs brother, James, sent Cap
tain 0'Mullane to D Esterre to tell him
that after he haG adjusted the affair
with his brother (Daniel) he would bring
him to an account himself. Captain
0'Mullane also intimated that O Connell
(Daniel) was surprised that Mr.. DIES.
terre did not know the proper ioay to
settle the matter; whereupon D'Esterre
sent Sir E.::Stanley to 0 Connell and the
duel was arranged. They met and
D'ESterre fell.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-08-31

Another case Of suttee lately occurred
in small village in Lucknow, India.
The following are the details of the case:
Having bathed and dressed, the suttee
went to the burning place, accompanied
by her relatives and a number of low
caste Hindoos, who were in charge of
the dead body. Wood being scarce, the
funeral pile was in part constructed Of
other fuel, which was heaped around the
woman as she sat with the head of her
deceased husband in her lap. The pile
was then covered with straw; her neph.
ew handed the suttee a lighted torch,
and in moment the whole mass was on
fire, The Chowkeydar and the police.
men, when they arrived, found only a
heap of ashes, About thirty persons,
including the village headman and the
woman's s relatives, have been committed
to the Sessions on the charge of having
been directly or indirectly guilty of muir
der"
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-08-31
Debts anu Duns,

Among the ills and annoyances of
this life, debt is one of the greatest.
1t is a master; it is cruel tyrant; it is
great destroyer of peace and happi-
ness. To be in debt is to be enslaved,
and what low.bred contemplate and in.
solent masters debtors do sometimes
have There is a large class of men
who seem to enjoy the privilege Of others
to owe them. 1t gives them fancied
superiority which under no other cir
cumstances they could have. As they
cannot hope to be respected, they enjoy
being feared. Such men love to boast
how many are indebted to them and how
much. They have g catalogue of names
and amounts committed to memory, and
neglect no opportunity to repeat it to
their envious and admiring associates.
And with what an air of Importance and
imperiousness do they present their
claims, and say pay what thou owest.
They exercise kind of petty lordship
over their unfortunate creditors, and
take savage pleasure in tormenting
them on every occasion; and in imita-
ton Of the cat that has tormented its
poor victim, the mouse, until its cruel
nature is satisfied they resort to the
strong arm of the law, and complete
their work by running the poor debtor
and his innocent and harmless family.
The law which protects society against
such heartless monsters is right and
founded on justice. 1t is best to keep
out Of debt, but il man justly owes his
neighbor he should pay it if he can, but
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1875-08-31
I2S9S A. d.
Attachment Notice.

In the First Circuit Court of Shelby County.
Tennessee-.Milley Slaughter VS.. The Freed
mems Savings and Trust Company.
IN THIS CAUSE AN NATTACHMENT HAy-
4 ing been sued out under section 1855 of the
Code of Tennessee, and returned into court.
leyied upon the property, moneys, goods and
eneets Of defendant in the custody and pos
session Of :. r. Knight, by garnishment duly
served, and affidavit having been made that
the defendant is Justly indebted 10 the plaintiff
IN the sum of $685. 2 by account, and that il Is
a nonresident Of the State Of Tennessee; it is
therefore ordered that the said defendant,
Ihe treedmen's Savings and Trust Com
pany, make its personal appearance here
IN, before, the Judge Of the First Circuit
Nourt OF Shelby county. at the court house in
the city. Of Memphis, on the third Monday IN
September next, and defend said attachment
SUIT within the time prescribed BY law. OF the
that lcopy of this order be published once a
week for four consecutive weeks in the Mem
phis Ledger.
Done at office. this 7th day of August, 1875.
b. +. COLEMAN, Clerk.
1914 -l50-156