davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1875-04-29

WHEN Julia was told that John was a
teetotaler, she suddenly found that her
own fears were dissipated.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1875-04-29

THEY have introduced lady hotel
clerks in Kentucky.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1875-04-29

away at the call of one of her young
friends
"He did not reply, but gazed after
her with sad, almost vacant stare.
"That night, Katie, Charles Gray was
taken to his lodgings intoxicated, al
though the fact was at the time known
to only few of his gentlemen friends.
"Well, time passed, and that house
was again scene of merriment, for
Roses wedding-day was at hand.
dawned bright and beautiful, and all
day long the house echoed to flying feet,
hurrying hither and thither, putting the
finishing touches to the preparations
which were made to celebrate the great
occasion Charles and Rose were mar
ried at 5 o'clock, and at started on
their bridal tour, which lasted two week.,
and then they came home to settle In
pretty house about a mile distant from
Roses old home.
"For three short weeks they were as
happy as ever mortals were, but at the
end of that lime dark cloud began to
iim the brightness of that pleasant little
home.
"One dark, stormy night, Rose was
waiting for her husbands return home
from the club of which he was member.
II was the first time he had attended it
since his marriage; and Low, as Rose sat
musirg before the cheerful fire, she won
dered if it always kept him so late, for it
was past eleven o'clock. Twelve came,
and still no Charles. One-and at half
past, just as she was almost crying with
fear that something had happened to
him, she heard the outer door open.
She started with cry of joy, and ran
out in the hall. Yes, it was Charles, but
his gait was unsteady, and his face pale
and haggard.
"'What is the matter, Charles? Are
you sick?' his wife anxiously inquired.
"sWel, I don't feel very WELL an
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
Rotted Manure.

When the learned doctors assembled at
Concord, n. H., at the meeting Of the state
board of agriculture, were discussing some
Of those profound question relating to breed.
ing, which puzzle so many of us, Mr.. Adams,
the secretary of the board, proposed that
the speakers should "bush the road" so
that if they got in too deep water, they
would be able to follow their track back to
hard land again.
With so many conflicting opinions and
such varying experiences in the application
of manure to our soils, we are reminded Of
Mr.. Adams advice to "bush the road"
when discussing this subject, that we may be
sure of having track back to firm land.
Some cultivators seldom use stable manure
until it is pretty thoroughly decomposed,
while others cart it out fresh and apply it
Immediately to the soil. We never should
object to liberal quantities of it in either
form on our own. fields, but depends some
what upon the kind of crops cultivated
whether manure should be fine and old or
coarse and fresh.
One thing is certain, manure does not
furnish food for plants until it is partially
decomposed. Raw, fresh manure is not
really plant food, but in warm weather,
decomposition goes on very rapidly. Horse
manure, left in a stable twenty-iour hours
in warm summer weather, will frequently
throw off ammonia in very perceptible guam
titles, Just before rain, the effect may be
noticed almost Immediately.
Well rotted manure is manure which has
been worked over in pile exposed to the
atmosphere aud having moisture enough in
it to prevent wasting until fermentation
ceases. Well rotted manure may be used
in the hill or drill for starting seeds, while,
if it were unfermented, the seeds would be
likely to be spoiled by the heat which would
be given of during the process OF decOm-
position. Manure will rot faster in a pile,
if rightly managed, than if plowed under
the soil, but unless the handling is perfect,
it would be more liable to waste than if
applied to the soil.
Drawing manure in winter is a good
practice, as it can be drawn much cheaper
than during the hurrying months of spring
We should recommend the practice OF
spreading directly from the cart, evenly
over the surface, in winter, Instead of piling
it in heaps which must be moved again.
The pitch of the land should, however, be
considered before deciding to spread in win.
ter. If very steep and near the lower part
Of our farm, we should hesitate befor,
spreading ON the surface in winter, but, il
tOlerably level, we should expect to save more
in labor than we should lose by the wasting
Of the manure.-NeW England Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30

XII. PERsPIRATIoN.

299. 1t is not, however, exclusively by
the action Of light aud air that the nature of
sap is altered. Evaporation is constantly
going on during the growth Of a plant, and
sometimes so copious that an individual will
perspire its own weight of water in the
course Of twenty-four hours.
800. The loss thus occasioned by the
leaves is supplied by crude fluid, absorbed
by the roots, and conveyed up the stem with
great rapidity.
30l. The consequence Of such copious
perspiration is the separation and solidi6ca-
tion Of the carbonized matter that is pro-
duced for the peculiar secretions Of a species.
302. For the maintenance Of plant in
health, it is indispensable that the supply Of
fluid by the roots should be continual and
uninterrupted.
3O3. II anything causes persperation to
take place faster than it can be counteracted
by the absorption Of fluid from the earth,
plants will be dried up and perish.
304. Such causes are, destruction Of
spOngioles, an insufficient quantity of fluid in
the soil, an exposure Of the spongioles to
occasional drynsss, and . dry atmosphere.
305. Tho most ready means of counter
acting the evil consequences Of an imperfect
action Of the roots is by preventing or dimiu-
ishing evaporation.
306. This is to be effected by rendering
the atmosphere extremely humid.
307. Thus, in curvilinear iron hot
houses, in which the atmosphere becomes 50
dry, in consequence of the heat, that plants
perish, it is necessary that the air should be
rendered extremely humid, by throwing
water upon the pavement, or BY introducing
steam.
30S. And in transplantation in dry
weather, evergreens, or plants in leaf, often
die, because the spongioles are destroyed, or
so far injured in the operation as to be una
Bile to act, while the leaves never cease to
perspire.
800 The greater certainty of transplant
ing plants that have been growing in pot'
is, from this latter circumstance, Ineligible
80. While the utility of putting cut.
tings or newly transplanted seedlings into a
shady, damp atmosphere is explained by the
necessity Of hindering evaporation.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30


ny of mothers and daughters that live in
dairy regions. There is nothing in the whole
routine Of farm life half as pleasant and
healthful as well regulated dairy. But
again, does it pay to take the milk to the
factory. We never have seen in all reports
any figuring better than many private dai-
ries can show indeed, we know Of several
farmers who have pledged their milk to the
factory for series Of years that now wish
themselves out of IL. All experience shows
that the most successful farmers are those
that keep their business under their own
control, and do their. own work. 1t wont
do to farm with the long lever. 1t is less
expense to take care Of the milk Of ten or
twenty COWS on the farm with the right kind
Of arrangement than to carry 1t two or three
miles to the factory. Then again, il won't
do to carry off from the farm. To the Ver-
mont farmer the manure question is of para
mount importance. Too many farms have
been impoverished. The sour milk from
dairy of twenty COWS fed TO hogs with the
right kind Of arrangement will produce 200
loads of good manure. The idea that milk
or whey can be brought back from the fac
tory in condition to be fed successfully to
hogs or calves is a mistake; they might pos
sibly be kept alive upon it; but the whole
secret in the rearing Of calves or fatteRing of
hogs lies in the manner Of feeding. What
farmer is prepared to say that henceforth
and forever the making of butter and cheese
shall be excluded from the farm-that our
tables are to be supplied with an article that
is colored with anuatto 2 And the latest
recommendation is that the milk be FIRST set
and skinned, and then that fat or tallow be
put into the cheese to supply the place Of
the cream. After thirty years experience
we have yet to learn that in the manufacture
of butter and cheese any coloring during the
summer months is necessary. In the spring,
while the cows are fed on hay butter may
be improved by the use Of carrots for color
ing, but the best way is to feed the cows
well and then the butter and cheese will be
all right L. w. b.
THE foregoing is better suited, we i'm
agiue, for the wealthy farmer than for those
in moderate circumstances, who only oc-
easionally have "hired help around, and
who work as hard as said help when they do
have it. We believe tho argument in favor
of the factory system that it relieves the
average farmers wife of heavy burden is a
valid one. "E. w. b." however, expresses
views which we can heartily endorse in re-
spect to the value and profit of keeping hogs
for the manure Which is the best, the in-
dividual or the cooperative plan, is an open
question to dairymeu, and We have no doubt
those who make the best quality and supply
the best market can do considerably better
than to patronize factory.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
Popular Science"

Any reader of our Eastern agricultural
papers sees frequent Rllusions made to plioS-
pilates and supeyphosphateS. The former
word merely means decomposed bones or
the carbonate OF lime. SaperphoSphdte is n
scientific preparation of this material for
fertiizing, and is two parts BONE one part
sulphuric acid, and three parts water.-E1.
Nowadays chemistry is taught in all our
academies and many OF our public schools !;
yet il is perhaps asking to much too require
that editors Of agricultural papers should
know any thing about science more closely
interviewer with successful agriculture than
any other. Certainly we would not advise an
agricultural editor who, at county fair,
had to enquire which were the Shorthorns
and which the Jerseys, to make chemistry
his first study.
The FIRST sentence in the above extract is
probably correct. 1t is something to have
the exordium Of a scientific lecture in accord
with facts. But the two succeeding SEN
not a single approximation to the truth.
Phosphate does not mean decomposed bones ;
it does not mean carbonate of lime. Super
phosphate is not scientific preparation oil
carbonate Of lime il is not two parts or any
part bone; it contains no sulphuric acid
and no water.
Perhaps it may be as well not to stop
here, but to say briefly just what phosphates
and superphosphates Of lime are. They are
both Of them compounds OF an acid called
phosphoric acid, with lime. Phosphoric
acid is itself a compound Of phosphorus with
the oxygen Of common air. Phosphoric acid
is produced when phosphorus is burned; in
pure form it appears as n white powder,
which, dissolved in water, has very sour
taste. Phosphorio acid combines with other
bases besides lime, and these compounds are
all called phosphates a fact evidently un-
known to the writer of the above extract
With lime it makes three distinct compounds
or phosphates, as follows
Three parts lime one part phOsphOric acid
2.-Tuo paI'I hn', one & part PhosPhSre sS s9'd'
The first of those phosphates or three
lime phosphate, is the phosphate which i;
found in bones and in the phosphate min
erals used for making fertilizers such as
the South Carolina phosphate and the phos
phatic rock called aPatite. 1t is insolublC
in water, and consequently useless as .
fertilizer until il is in some way changed sc
that water can dissolve it, since plant
always take their food in fluid form.
The second compound of phosphOric acid
and lime, or two-lime phosphate, is some
what rare substance, and is also nearly in
soluble in water.
In order to make the phosphate Of lime in
bones and mineral phosphates useful as I
fertilizer, il must be made soluable in water
and this is done by changing it into th'
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
An Experiment in Soiling.

How to get the utmost product from q
man, animal, or given area, is one of the
ever.recurring, interesting, fascinating, COM
plex problems Of husbandry. 1t has never
been and may never be fully settled, because
capacity is such a variable quantity, de-
pending on 80 many inside and outside cir
cumstances, but any man who lifts the veil,
even but little, from this hidden shore,
deserves the public gratitude and the nations
praise. As an approximation to that higher
realm, that hidden sea, where, it is said,
neighbors are scarce and there is plenty Of
room, we propose to tell how one man prac-
tices, in order that ten grade Jersey cows
may get most Of their living from six tillable
acres. Of course it cannot be done by the
old methods, but has been done by the proc
ess of soiling, or stall feeding in summer.
Let acre No. be near the barn and be
used as pasture, or place of summing and ex-
ercise in cases Of emergency. Let acre No.
be sown with winter rye, the autumn pre-
vious, and cut for the green feeding as soon
as the first heads appear. After about two
weeks, the balance should be mown and hay
ed, and the land plowed and planted with
bushel Of sweet evergreen corn. Let acre
No. 3 be sown with spring rye, and, when
this is fed or hayed, follow the crop with fall
and winter cabbages. Let acre No. 4 be
sown with oats, and followed by winter tur-
nips. Let acre No. be planted with two
bushels of northern corn, half of it early,
and the other half two or three weeks later,
and at the last hoeing scatter between the
rows turnip seed for later crop. Let acre
No. be sown with clover, to be used as oc-
casion requires, and be followed by southern
or western corn, using two bushels of seed
per acre. To recapituate we have here one
acre each Of winter rye, spring rye, oats,
clover and cabbage, two acres OF turnips,
and three acres OF corn, or ten crops, in one
season. on. five acres, and have an acre Of
pasture ground besides. OF course liberal
manuring should precede every crop, but
the process is an accumulative one, and the
longer one crops in this way, the more ma
nure he will have to bestow. As the Scrip
ture saith, 4" TO him that hath, shall be CIV
en-, and he shall have more abundance"
Turnips and cabbages should be fed IN con-
nection with the dried rye, and oats and
clover, and dry food should be given with
the green rye. IT, by the sale of cabbages
or turnips, wheat bran could be had, 80 that
each animal could have three or four quarts
daily, it would be a pleasant variety, and
tell favorably in the thrift Of the cattle.
Where good pasture lands, at convenient
distances, can be bought for s5O-Or less
per acre, it may not be wise to practice soil
ing but where higher values and limited
areas prevail, as in the vicinity Of large
towns and Cities this may be the best course.
The number of those who raise two crops on
the same piece of ground in year must nec-
essarily increase, but as it requires some
thought and experience, and as the limit is
not yet reached, this little experiment is
modestly ventilated.-SpinqJfeld Repa6-
ican.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Feeding Oats in the Straw.

1t will be remembered by the readers Of
the FARMER that made a statement last
February about my raising corn fodder
which fed 10 FIVE COWS, from the time that
feed began to fail, in summer, las they re-
quire it, until the first of January.
Twill make an addition to that, viz: |
have fed out my oats, with the exception of
thirty bushels which l trod of with my
horses, by throwing bed of oats on the
barn floor, and then driving the horses over
them ten or fifteen minutes, so as to obtain
4 few OF the ripest for seed, aud some to
feed out, or to put with corn meal,) which
grew on less than two acres Of ground, and
have kept the same cows until the middle Of
April, and if had not thrAshed any of l
think they would have kept them until the
first of May, thus winteriug the FIVE cows on
what grew on three acres Of land. l be-
lieve that it would have bOen much better,
in long run, to have fed my corn fodder
and oats together, instead of separate al
though never had COWS do better, in the
amount Of milk given aud the amount of but
ter made, than mine did while feeding corn
fodder, and my COWS have done we'll since on
the oats. But they should be well shaken
apart, so as not to leave handfuls of them
together, Tor in bundle,) for then they will
be so greedy that they will not chew or mas
ticate them thoroughly, and the grain will
not be thoroughly digestcd.
Some object to keeping oats, for the rsa-
son that the mice will work and eat them.
My opinion is that the mice must live, and
have something to eat, and If you cut your
hay early they eat the heads and blossoms
aud the teuderest part, but if cut late they
will live on the heads and seed, and if
should keep NOW of oats until spring, l do
not think the mice would consume half as
many as one set of thrashers would in thrash
ing them. That is, four horses to feed and
then to pay the thrashers, then furnish two
or three extra hands and pay them, and
lastly, though not least, to board the lot oi
men, would take moro oats than the mice
could eat
do not object to thrashing oats if one
has more than he can feed, but would it moi
be better to raise stock and feed them out
and make manure
Now, brother farmers, l wish for your
opinion in regard to feeding oats. l cut my
oats when one.half turned.
NATHAN WAY.
West Burke, April 20.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
Horses Versus Mules.

Much has been said in agricultural pa
pers about the advantage Of mules. l have
raised some Of the best l ever saw, and
have had some means Of comparing them
with the horse. It is very true that the
mule win climb steep bill, il it is free from
mud, with bigger load according to his
weight than horse. 1t is true that he
will rough it through hard winter better
than horse, and it may be also that he is
less liable to disease than horse, but he is
slow and lacks spirit. In deep mud he is
almost worthless.
He seems to have but little power to draw
his feet out of sticky soil, and the exertion
tires him and he loses heart. In slough
where the spirit of the horse prompts him
to gallant struggle to regain the solid
ground, the mule gives up and lies content
edly down in the mud. Of conrse some
mules are worse than others in this respect,
but none are equal in mud to the most aver
age horse.
For very hard, heavy work, where there
is no mud, the mule will always be valua-
BILE, but as long as it remains true that time
is money we must prefer the horse to the mule.
The rage for mules commenced in the
United States about seventy-6ve years ago
and has been revived at different periods
since but the horse still continues to bear
sway, and falsify the oft repeated predic-
tions made many years ago that the mule
would eventually supersede the horse in the
general work of the farm. For heavy haul
ing aud rough usage on the hard streets Of
cities l have no doubt but that the mule is
the most economical. For this sort of work
there is demand for him and he may be
raised for the market with profit; but it is
simple folly for any one now, after seventy
Eve years Of experience with mules in the
United States, to talk about their taking the
place of horses-Cor. Iotoa Fine.Stock
Gazette.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
For the VKRkoNr FARMER.
Poultry.

l have kept from ten to thirty hens, and
mostly the Old.fashioned, blue-legged hen,
but last March bought so of different
breeds. l have the Golden Pheasants, Boil
ton Grays, Black and White Gill Spanish,
Crecpers, LeghOrns, Polands, and Row L
have another kind that have wings on their
feet, and l want to get up big name for
them SO that can get rid of them. l guess
l will call them the Mountain Rangers. l
don't like the Rangers; one will not eat
quite as much as a sheep, and they will not
lay as large an egg as the blue-legged hen,
and they are the worst hen to break from
setting that l ever saw, aud now if any
reader Of the FARMER has any of the old
blue-legged hen that they will swap even,
let them call on ID. l.. MoRsE.
East CharIeStOn, VI.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
Pen Spatters,

A dOughmestic dlfiiculty-heavy bread.
To make tall man short-try to borrow
five dollars of him.
When man can't find anything to do, he
has lived long enough
How immense appear to us the sins which
we have not committed.
II you are out in driving storm. don't
attempt to hold the rains.
Aman is successful when he makes life
give him what he wants
In what ship has the greatest number of
people been wreckedp Courtship.
Nevada ice-dealers are already preparing
TO double their prices next summer, upon
the ground that the crop will be almost en-
tirely eaten up by the grasshOppers.
Every man who mails package subject
to the new postage rates drops it into the
hole with wish that Senator Ilamlin had
to sit for two hours on n hot shovel.
In reply to young writer who wished to
know /" which magazine will give me the
highest position quickestP" cotemporay
advises a powder magazine, if you contrib
ute fiery article"
If George Washington himself had oAly
been cross-examined by Judge Fullerton be-
fore he died, we have no doubt it would
have turned out that he really lied about the
cherry tree after ALL
A subscriber to a Southwestern newspaper
died recently, leaving four years subscrip-
tion unpaid The editor appeared at the
grave and deposited in the coffin palm
leaf fan, u linen coat and thermometer.
"Cut this out it may save your life," is
the heading OF an advertisement in the Yer
mont Citizen. A New Hampshire man cut
it out, pasted it in hrs hat, and the same day
was killed by brick which fell irom the top
ofa building.
A man died at revival meeting, and n
Chicago reporter says " his lamp of life was
burned out, the golden bowl was broken the
silver lcord was loosed, and the spirit had
flown to its giver." He meant TO convey the
impression that the man was dead.
The Smith family are of heather origin,
although they seem to have multiplied like
the sand Of the sea, as was prophesied of the
Israelites, for in the 10th verse of the 18th
chapter Of LIST Samuel we read There was
no smith found throughout all the land ol
Israeli
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-30
Liquid Grating Wax.

Mr.. L'Homme.Lefort invented, not many
years ago, a grating composition which is
very cheap, very easily prepared, and keeps,
cOrked up in bottle with a tOleraby wide
mouth, at least six months unaltered. 1t is
laid on in as thin a coat as possible, by
means Of fat piece Of wood. 1t is not
affected by severe cold; it never softens OF
cracks when exposed to atmospheric action.
When applied to wounds in trees it acts as
an artificial cuticle. After few days ex'
posure TO the atmosphere in thin coat, it
assumes a whitish color, and becomes as
hard as stone, being imperVious to water and
air, As long as the inventor kept the
preparation secret, it was sold at very high
prices. nr,l
1t is made after the following formula I;
Melt one pound Of common rOsin over a