New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-11-19
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
r,,r civil WAR IN hMERICA.

The lang exuectcd work of the Count dc far's on
the history Of the great conflict IN which ior se.e'
months he took an active part viii not De hkey W
disappoint the American public. IL Is ihe lrouuo-
tou of An intelligent European, of clear ana COM
prebeusiye views familiar with the details Oh inc
military profe sion, with uncommon facility OF IAN
euage and power Of description free from al per
sona and partisan bases, and with the habit OF pho
.onhe ealmucss and impartialty. At the same time,
he makes no attempt to disguise his CONVICTIONS rs
10 the true nature of the struggle tracing its causes
IN the inherent antagonism between the spirit OF
liberty and the institution of slavery. There was
no real difference of origin he suggests. between
the North aud the South. The Anglo-Saxon race
nled equally in both divisions of the repun-
lie The people brethren They had
lived together and had been reared in the same
school They resembled each other III all the proi-
nent traits of their character They Lad the same
political institutions and the same military tra<H-
tons. Their leaders had served under the same flag
and had sat in the same council chamber. No com
merclal interest separated the South from the inter-
ests Of the North. Devoted 10 the culture OF cotton
and the sucar-caue the Southern States asked from
the West meat and -four, Of which they could not
pro1uco sufficient for their own consumption The
North suppled them with capital for their indus-
trial enterprises Slavery was tho sole cause of the
difference between the two peoples dividing 'hem
into hostile communities and finding Its inevitable
,ssne in civil war The social influence of slavery
upon the dominant race is wildly described as 1oi-
lows:
isamong those who before the war were called gSod
slave-Owuers that We must inquire INTO the lett
moral perfection Of slavery in order 20 understand AL us
hasrsnt lmIhoay r ls bnt b@ is obliged ~ obey
the laws cf necessity He knows what protection am
at ia tire United states. employed In the cultivation
OF the cotton and does not multiply iet t'uSh ~
me larse's o. hn inns tom mem frSni their rea-
tVes their affections, and the land OF TIER ht re WIZ
certainly not break up he new We tae t rt I ,1f
an ec,nomice 1lnar he finds IN their fecuDdty di
rect source OF revenue He does not desire To huulhae,
70 suffering by unnecessary cstsatnhs nut 'nS
END these dutics obcdicnce and labor ibc nnglo
must forget that he u man-to remember Only wa, DC
is a slave and work without choice Of occupation,
without remuneration, without hope OF oettef
future. In short, his owner VIII t99e care o. MN;
viii not impose any labor above lis Strength aIu
viii administer to his material M'a1' ,o I'D 1s S ans
factory manner precisely as nc VIII 90 Ior Iho an
mails that working by his side Tndcr one common
fortune he has to he reduced to tie moral level Of hs
frow-sav,s and have the light Of Int llisence within
him extnguished forever for II be etirs taai divine
shark III his bosom, be viii bc unhappy, for he Viii zee
that he is a slave. And when The good master satisfied
with HE own virtues points Co his slaves, SAY iDG, iN
are happy they have nc care fOf inc morrow; t1cy ae
lodged fed and clothed an9 w3ud no, pr i
the came A. no said have 40 completely stiod ~
hear, OF man. that the word freedom, wlicn We
might hear pronounced by every creature llaU mas
breath II understood all the languages 81 Mature has
mol niger any meaning for tcDl" Ii might so ual!tn'
in extreme cases, thar ia the ndst OF his surround
inss his conscience eDci5 az l'hsI 'ns ~
his fellow cngs, bat then De VIII blame to Customs
which sanction tits systematic degrmauGn ana me
and peculiar laws ehC,ed ID ars ail e pou
ern states when render il nearly Impossible for him tn
grant individual emancipation, and winch even subject
him 10 severe pngts ne should teach Bis OwD negroes
10 read ANA We. shal lie protest against ts hateful
law which CONFINES tie ine.llgence OF the save WITHIN
The narrow daugOn OF perpetual lsnOlneet lie eahuOt
do 50 because moral degradation OF the latter l. TIE
witness TOO frequently tine Liberation o rs eilowbjn2s
trn bondage ~ an act OF iyo he N9nd W,s doF It =,
froa his uscr w,uld appear ltss difficult criss aud
he would emerge satisfied from the brdta condition m
which Il Is necessary TO Keep nm IN gIer 20 make nm
tie docile instrument of a lucrative trailic
tut, agan, the seryilc institution, IN Violating tho
supreme law OF humanity which inas .nalssoIa.y To-
geiiec those two words, l&p?r ahi pfosiees ana III max
3ng labor Itself means Ter biuta1ing man. not only de-
graded slave but Il also ensendeIcd dcpavi.y IA tie
Iaser Ion tbe sposIn OF whole iaee iike tse Gbso
htc power q single individual, or al oUgaiely aways
thoso Who have once Inhaled its nio1eiins n,s &C.;
lc4yi,y than high qualities, and the virtues even,
which existed IN toe ,onmur5 founded upon sneh a
enhghtened aud religious because had produced men,
in every oher respect Of irrpoaehLle 'aaiucte DC
cause IL had gwen birth 10 heroic soldiers VINO nai iO'-
lowed Lee ami Jackson to Tie hSitehe1 thal u was
TIC revolving u sec styoy WIN IT'S oHioas CON-
sequences prosper III Is midst nat TINS community
sh aid exhibited such Shochlns contrast TO tue
mus have Deen perverted ~ the chAd sarroHhded
fri IL buin y hattcging slaves ~ tue man. ansoue
-
accustomed 20 rcie,c the distress aUdnd her, in obe-
Ceue, NOT 20 tbe dictates O duty bt ~ instinct
Of humanity and ply; Ia cr3 bo4y IA sGort, through
the exaggeritiors OF decmnltoy Sppea.s intended 70
suGe Tue voice OF upright COILS icnces Nhit hCctpy
s0rfOwful syec acc fUr any one WHO "isos t. stGuy
lutr. nature 20 see every OF righteousness end
cuui.y So lar perverted ia whole population ~ INC
force OF hs Goat the grctet portion OF trr mi,tei-
Of all dononnd Oas were rot s1e" 10 snlly CHRISTIAN
fly by n COwardly approval OF slavery; ana men NhO
lushl and sold their IolioWbcufs tDO up arms Tor thc
e9Piess purpose OF defending tHls odO0s privileges III Iue
name Of liDcr,y and property
The author devOies several pages 10 discussing the
difference of character between the Southern and
Northern volunteers. His considerations on tins
subject show great acuteHess and Of singular in
terest. The men Of the South, according to his
statements became good soldiers more rapidly than
those of the North. They were more accustomed to
follow leaders. Their life roagher than that of
the Eastern farmers, and more adventurous than
that Of the Western pioneers. They were cOnteut
with meager and insufficient ratons. Hence the
rapidty of movement which was Of the princi-
pei of all their successes. Nearly all OF them
were practicod in the use of firearms They entered
the recruiting office with the rife on the shoulder
and the revolver at che belt They carried into the
war more passion than their adversaries, believing
that their invaders intended to reduce the common
whites and the negroes to the same level The Con-
federate soldier was inferior in point of intelligence
10 that Of tie On. Apart frOn the higher classes
OF Southern society. the people had little education.
In the knap,aois Of the Southern soldiers were
found more piaymg-eaTds than books or writing ma
terials and She's were moro addicted TO the of
strong drinks .ag t.iose OF the North There were
few skilled artisans among them; indeed they de-
spised every Kind Of manual labor; and felt de-
graded when called upon 10 handle the shovel They
often refused to wOIk in the trenches which played
such a conspicuous part during the war