The New York herald., 1875-10-30
Mr.. Gladstone on Italy and
Her Church.
Relation of the States of Europe to
Italy and the Vatican.
CHURCH AND STATE.
The Latin Communion and Italian
Citizenship.
LoNpoN. Oct. IL, 1875.


Aremarkag!s article on "Italy and Her Church" np-
pears in the initial number of the 'tChurch Quarterly
Review" This latest addition to the English quarcrics
Is intended TO advocate the opinions of what is known
rs progressive English High Churchsm Of that party
In the Church of which Dr. Puscy In days gone by was
The lending spirit The Review contains nine articles
pl anonymous with the exception Of 'Thc Present
Position of tho Irish Church, which note declares is
the charge delivered to the clergy OF the diocese OF
Derry few weeks ago in ST. Coombs cathedral by tho
Bishop OF Derry and Raphoc. The interest which has
been shown in England in the first issue of this period
ical arises from the fact that it has been known
some time that Mr. Gladstone would contribute an
article to its pages, and although with the exception
VIC have named the anonymity OF the writer's has been
carefully preserved, ''Italy and Her Church" bears
the evident imprint Of the master thought of the
rremcr of England. The following the intro
ductory pages:-
Let no suscepubitics Puritan, Protestant Anglican
other bc startled il observe that Rome Is and
may long be, in some important respects, the
centre of tho Christian world. 1t is indeed
q centre which rcpels well attracts; which
probably rcpcls more than IL attracts; but which,
whether rcpcng or attracting Influences Ii need not
be feared but ought not to lie overlooked: as the
navigator fears not the tides but yet take account
pl them II influences that wide Chrstcndom in which
England with its Church, Is but an insulated though
not an inconsidcrabo spot. The political power OF
England is great; but its religious influence is small.
: VT
continental Professionalism arc and must be PARTIAL the
dominant tone and direction OF the TWO far from
identical Tho Church, though III rather free
contact than our non conforming bodies with the learn
ing of Protestant Germany, is OF course remote
from its religion tendencies The Latin communion
forces the Church Of more into sharp
antagonism, and we are only beginning to sound the
possibilities of honorable but independent relation Of
friendship with the East In matter of religion, poetry
might still with some truth sing OF the peHitns toto d.
ros orbe Britdnnos We have OF all nations the great
est amount perhaps Of religious Individuality, GER
tanly OF religious sclfsulnciency. moral
well as natural sea surrounds us, and
at once protects and isoatcs us from the world.
But this is of course in which is comparative,
not absolute The electric forces which pervade the
Christian atmosphere touch us largely, outer bar
baraps though we be; and they touch us Increasingly
And multitude OF circumstances make aware that,
II we are at least open TO criticism ncghbors,
yet we have like them, part TO play in Christendom,
and broad field occupy with our sympathics under
tho guidance of such intelligence may possess.
In the endeayor to discuss the scope and limits of
this Geld wc should above all things beware OF the
temptation to exact from others either tho adoption,
even the exact appreciation OF our nsuar and national
peculiaritIcs Community OF first principles that
which we needs must look, not identity in the form OF
development Now, III the religion OF the Reformed
English Church. the conservation of authority is first
principle, and the restoration of freedom and of the
respect due TO the individual conscience is another;
and II there be anything claiming the and dignity
of first principle which it has been specifically and
more than others given to the Church OF England TO
uphold IL has bcen the maintenance their Just COM
bnation of these two great vital forces. and the
deavor TO draw from their contact harmonious result
ITALY ASD HER CHURCH.
Let us now, turning eyes toward Italy, inquire
whether we have anything, anything special, to do
with in reference 10 the religious question which lies
perously its OF national life And first It.
ally the country, in the very heart oil which has been
planted that ominous phenomenon, unparalleled in
history the Temporal Power of the Popedom. In tho
claim of the Latin Church to territorial sovereignty,
the nations OF Europe generally may be thought
have any other than secondary concern. But for
Italy II is papaby matter of liic and death We do
not enter into the question whether any of the possi-
btcs OF the past years would have permitted the CO.
"A soil
Popcdom exercising temporal DOMINION 1t doomed
her TO the weakness and dshonor of existing only in
fractions 1.-THE head was TO be independent of the
body, the members of the body loved also be indie
pendent OF another The subtle observant lntelli-
gcncc OF Macchavclli, and more than two centuries
before him, the vast, alembracng genius OF Dante
saw in the Trircgno the bane OF their coun-
try: II seems as though their prophetic
insight had been fully vindcatcd by the pic
ture now behold whore the Pope King and the ma
tona King, confronting one another on the spot
OF ground represent incompatbilty that cannot
overcome sofened. Italy TO be a nation
or the Papacy must consent TO the mutilaton of the
triple
So far as this problem is one OF material forces it
to depend primarily on Italy herself And in
this view 1t has been scttcd-setted with settlement
taken to be final But il does not depend wholly ultt
mately on Italy. There is a doctrine which had at
one time the countenance even of Montalcmbert, and
which do not know that he rctractcd. Accord
ing to this doctrine all members of
COMMUNION
dispersed throughout the world invested with Alright
OF proper citizenship in Italy which deprves the people
OF that peninsula OF the right dispose OF their
soil, and which authorizes this fictitious entity this
nonresident majority, TO CLAIM that IN the very heart
Of the peninsula territory shall be apart from their
jurisdiction for the purpose OF subservng the spiritual
interests OF Roman Catholics and Of their Church. The
votarics of this doctrine hold with perfect consistency
that such right, being oac Of proper citizenship, may
hc enforced 10y the sword Neither this opinion
OF the schools. Neither is II tradition which, having
once lived dead In 1SiS the people OF tho apal
State oycrthrcw the saccriota government, consti-
tucd themselves into republic. and evnccd every
disposition to keep the peace and respect the rights
oil neChbOrS But the swords OF four States "A
once drawn upon them. France, Austria Spain and
the Kingdom OF Naples upon the preposterous plea OF
being invested, as Catholic nations, with title TO dis
pose OF the civil interest OF several millions OF men,
put down the free state lS4a The operations OF
Naples and OF Spain feeble and insignificant. Tho
ntcrvcntions OF Austria, due in great part to her
alsc position MS the mistress Of Lombardy aud Nene
ha reached their final term many years ago. and moth
ng can be more unlikely than their renewal But
france, which had territorial interest to defend
aud which Il supposed TO be rather exempt than
any country in Europe from the weaknesses not only
OF cnhusam but OF belief maintained by sheer force
the Papa throne until The exigencics OF the tierrnan
crisis compelled her in 1870 to cva,ato Ciya Vocchia
hay she not, or can she not ever do this aEaing
question ot vast and profound interest Europe and
one OF those questions TO the cry OF which England
cannot altogether shut her cars.
Certain IL rs that Franco never perform the sa no
operation with the in 1S4a At that time
Italy had friend among the nations except England
Even ia England sentiment was TAR from being united
The conservative party, even IL represented in
Its most liberal members, such as Lord Aberdeen was
opposed To the popular sentiment of Italy and To tins
DIVISION II may nave been OWING That Lord Paacrson
who sympathizcd warmly with that sentiment and ro,
fused 10 admit the doctrine that England had as a
Protestant Power title 10 act in the matter never
thclcss confined himself 10 contcnding that the lapal
government should upon It's restoration, be reformed,
and the spiritual authority severed from the powers
aud institutions Of the State Russia Aad the spccrc Ut
Poland her eye, and associated IN all European
questions with the anti popular and anti national cause
Prussia that tmc considered herself 20 bound 10y
German sympahcs rs TO hold that the possession or
the ouadriaicra by tho Emperor Of Austria was
n German interest. IL was therefore easy ior
France to sublugatc by sheer force Tho Roman
people; aad at the price Of this unwarranla'le act,
the government OF Louis Napoleon then President,
purchased the ultramoutanc support, which upheld
him on his way the 2d OF December and 50 turned
wavcring scale In his favor as 10 give linn ihe imperial
throne
ruE CHANGE EUROPE.
Tho facc Of Europe has now, IN this as In other
respects, undergone great change Italy Is endowed
with the sense the responsibility and the power Of na-
uona existence; and though sii bcsct by The eraycst
financial difficulties. cannot without struggle submit
t. disintcgFat0n. Neither Austria nor Russia any
longer her enemies. Germany, victorious over Franco