, 1875-04-03

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structure Of these lo4tEcs or wigwams as follows
Thry wcrc ft,ltt by setting tosta IN Tho ground ar1
s,1g III ~ , mrt from s tF;ss TAis srk cas n
cor'ng to tic size ct tho lres .akcn from. ThcS lad
Tho, iSesa Va. ,a'a ths baI1, ;.!slins !
wiawana for fs anil wiaIer uxo wers very different.
s!nE of tlrgs woysn Into mating. wlntn roud i'c
rned mp anu enough 10 coser = wiswa.n rarricd OF,
It was oAtmatcd TINT tho village ilai aecon,-
moda.ions for 0.0lO to 7,n(u souls. lilo larger
lodges hcfng % feet Wide snd GO to 10 feet long.
and dcetgno! fur from two to four families each.
Every consideration that could appeal to tho H..
dian mind strengthened thor roncratton aud
attachment for tlis village. lta antiquity. tho
number md durability OF ita dwellings, tho rich
\ mesa of Its surrounding ilelds. nnd tho sacred.
ncss Of tts battle-ground. all tondod 20 r,aeo 1t
tho bpot aboyc NIL othnrs dearest to tho tribe.
INDIAN lfosrtLtTfEs.
portion OF tho SsuhH always doniod the rn-
1dty OF the treaty of 1901. by wlciL their lands
vas Tho head Of this faclion, Wills kcokuk WAS
tho 1catcr of tosn who acknowledged the treaty
aud conformrfl to its rroviaions. This Iisagree-
nrnt resulted tn ecrtoua division Of the tribe,
and lcd to = scsics of conflicts will, tic oary
settlers which eliminated In tho Dlaek Hawk
war tn 1882 Don't on venGeahco against this
Government for Tho alleged crimo OF taking tho
ia,,dA Of lis people Wiillout proper conptnaa-
tlon, Black Hawk and his warriors joined the
over, waa brief, whether from lack Of seatps or
lack Of l>lntdcr docs mt appear.
FRONTIER PROTECTION.
Tho ovonts which led 10 tic building OF Fort
Armstrong OIL Rock Island ars Interesting alike
from their result and from tho fura o1niueuce Of
tho men who engaged In them. Until l5l4 our
Government i,Ati no established military post In
tho Upper Mississippi Valley. IN tue spring Of
tllat year the Dritish were III unairputcd poaHcs
aion' with = Tort at pralrio 1u Csl,on, IN COM
,mand Of Col. Dixon. IN atsy, 1914, q tlotilla Of
bargcs, manned BY unisel States regulars and
volunteers. left Vt. Louis for tho upper river,
commanded BY Gen. Clark. This expedition
tsssd @oy ags g1s ora ~ es sn s1ya H. safy n Asan e
1nsnlant left for Canada Will, his. ontile
force OF regulars md Indian niles, a,A
ticu. Clark took pcascs1lo Possession. Lie
at onco began tho erection Of a
nor OF Kentucky. Clark returned to st. Louis
aud organized
4 SECOND EXPEDITION,
under Lieut.. Campbell Of tho United States
army, to cbrry proyisiuns and achievements to
o ea9tso at rrso r da ch'o Th!s o1p.
In July. At 1lock Island L tied up for tho night
and tie hoats were visited by horlcs Of Indians
rsofuao IN their profession Of frlsnds''ip. He1t
morning tho bargca set sail and after running
boat on u email, bushy islanl. The treacierous
exam and AoatoA tho narrou obanne},
and under cover OF tho underlrnRh opened
= murdcIous tire on tho unhappy boat. Camp.
bell aud lliH men nlads bravo fight, though
himself wounded. some Of hta men killed, oth-
crs disabled his boat on fire, death or capture
t!.e onIy apparent alternative. Fortunately, oaa
Of tho otlor boats Of tho expedition. under Cart
lscetor. came to hts rcacuc, and carried OF tho
living 1esnnan. at his crow. Ills boat fell prey
to tho sayages, and on its luscious esorcs OF
beef, bacon, and benns, they bad ticl. feast.
lllo ih!aud haa ever huec been known as Gatnp-
bells 1slant. from this circumstance. In conse-
quence OF tho disaster tho expedition returned
to 1T. Louis NTH It's two remaining boats.
THIRD EXPEDITION
Nas promptly organtzna at Jefferson Barracks,
Missouri Il consiatel Of eight bargcs aud 45U
TAYLOR, afterwards President. This expedition
loft st. Louis in AuguAt, 1914. It4 object sns
not only to reinforce tho post at Frairio du
chicu, bnt to sweep tAs river banks Of tho enemy
tic country. Tho failure Of CamphoIrs oxne-
dtion however, left tho lfttto garrison At Prnlso
du chien au easy prey to The Eritiah. Tho fort
was capt@rod, and with It's fall the entire coun-
m trs as far south as l'oei al4nl Gasssd lnto
fact YRS oyidontly unknown to zncil-
nry IayloE, aud. When Its expedition
reached tho mouth OF Rock l.iyer. q fow ules
below lsoct; Island. ho MAS auspriaed BY largo
forco Of British and Indians, who disputed lis
in the channel for tho night, Opposite small
willow island. During the night, tho cnemy
p'nnted some Cannon 30 al 10 rake lls boats. and
aml'lshcd their troops on tho willow island.
tion, and. instead OF waiting To DO attacked,
pushed nsl bnt twonty lnan 10 eae', boat on tho
island. aud - c'etncd out tho enemy, killing
some, drowning others, aud driving tho balance
70 an adjacent island. But iu tho meantime that
british battery whackel away at Ills boats. and.
~ thcso were Its only means OF rotrcat !o ,yau
finally compelled to rs-embark his men aud dout
down stream, beyond range Of tic cannon. A
council Of ol1iccra agreed TINT, in view Of tho
great disparity OF numbers 1t was imprudcnt to
renew tho attack, anil tho expedition retired 10
tho present sito of Warsaw, where thcy landed
aud built Fort Edwards. Goy. Reynolds quaint
1y and dunloualy writes: ~ saw in tho liarhor
Of st. Louis the boats that wero In Tavior's bat
cannop-balts. ] think the baltH wcro madD Of
lead; at any rate. they pierced tho boats cousld-
ctahty,h
This expedition practically c1oretl tlle rar la tho
West. rs peace wss concluded ut Gleut In
December Following (l8l4).
nUI1.p1sa or ronr ARMSTRONG.
In 1915 Fort ArmHsrong was built on tho lower
point of lock Island By d f1reo OF roaulu,s
under Coz. Lawfouce' 4 local Historian wsites
thus.
a1!ne the country fos Aito for fort, an tho re-
sa't tho scstion F the owsr enl Of 1ock island
"a tIe most suitable l9tnf. They landed OH
llnok 1sai,l OIL tho 10th Of ltay, 1AlG, Al
sooA As they. haA completed their ell
canpmcnt, ha ttawtencef employed the soldiers
10 cut logs, and hnIlt s.oseholse3 for lhe
rrori4ione, und had bake-llauso anil oven put up
Tals tho ,!rst bu1lng trcc.ed on this !sian
Tie toldieH now set tI worI 10 huI Tin fort, whirh
vas named Fort Armstrong, lin huaor Of for1ucr
Secretary Of War.
There mere nt that limo some 10.00o Indians
living tho main shores and adjacon to the ial-
aud, to whom tho erection of Tue Fort way
extremely distaatelul especially 10 to Hack
Hawk and his bald OF sa,iks. II aAsurel their
final snhiugaton and their removal to tho wost
eide Of tho Mississippi.
Fort Armstrong waa substantial structure at
heHn logs, b,1it III thu form Of square, whose
sla4 wera about 400 feet Ia length. At
each auglo was o b!ock.houso; loop-holes
wcre provided for tho uao OF muaket-
~ witlln !; . magazine, barracks. store-llou1ea,
and officers quarters wcra prcctel within tho
tucloaura, aud aections Of heavy stone wall wore
built for protection ngainst fire. It Ind secure
aud romantic situation, and for twontY years waa
the headquarters Of Government authority in
The Upper Afississippl Valley. The island was
succcsaivsly commanded by soma of tho ,noHt
eu1lnent military men Of two racos, aud IT, hIE-
tory IL closely interviewer with tho carIy history
Of thu sasl Northwest. Chiottalns like kookuk
sud 1'lack Hawk we're succeeded by cl,ioftalns
ike scott and Tayfor,-tt-day all alike 1niugIius
their ,x,if, I'm