The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1875-04-23
Elements of the Sun and Stars.

" bodies which seem to promise start
ling discoveries in regard to the mole {
cular theory. In g communication to |
Nature on the subject he says: "The |
spectroscOpic evidence as to what may |
be called the Elasticity of Che mOlecu-
les of the metalloids, including of course |
oxygen and nitrogen, but excluding ny
drogen, is so overwhelming that even !
the absorption of iodine, although gene |
rally it is transparent to violet light, |
may Gas | have found in a repetition of |
Dr.. Andrews's experiments on the di-
chroism of iodine, in which observed |
! the spectrum in part be driven into |
the violet end of the spectrum, for |
iodine in a solution in water or alcohol |
at once gives up its ordinary ABSORB |
ton properties, and stops violet light. |
A preliminary comparison of the Ordi- |
nary absorption spectrum of a stratum |
( OF Six feet Of chlorine renders it not /
/ improbable that chlorine at q low TEN |
| perature is the cause of some of the |
/ FraunhOfer lines in the violet, although, !
as said before, have not yet obtained |
! certain evidence as to the reversal of
the bright lines of chlorine seen In the
| jar-spark. There is also an apparent
coincidence between some of the faint
FraUenhOfer lines and some of the lines
OF the low temperature absOTption-spec-
trum of iodine Should subsequent re-
searches strengthen the probability OF
this working hypothesis, it seems pos
sible that iron meteOrites will be asso-
ciated with the metallic stars, and stony
meteorites with metalloidal and COM
pound stars. OF the iron group of nat
ais in the SUI iron and nickel are those
which exist in greatest quantity, as 1
have determined from the number of
lines reversed. Other striking facts,
such as the presence of hydrogen IN
meteorites, might also be referred to.
An interesting physical speculation con-
nected with this working hypothesis is
the effect on the period of duration of a
stars heat which would be brought
about by assuming that the original
atoms of which a star is composed are
possessed with the increased potential
energy of combination which this ny
pothesis endoWs them with. From the
earliest phase of a stars life the dissi-
patton of energy would, as 1t were,
bring into play new supply OF heat,
and so prolong the stars light. May 1t
not also be that if chemists take up
this question which has arisen from the
spectroscopic evidence of what have
, before termed the Elasticity of the mo-
lecules of the metalIoidS taken as a
whole, much of the power of variation
which is at present accorded to metals
may be traced home to the metalloids?
I need Only refer to the fact that, so
, far as I can learn, all so-called changes
of atOmicity take place when metallOids
are involved, and not when metals alone
are in question. AS instances of these
, I may refer to the triatOmic cOmbina-
tiOns formed with chlorine, oxygen,
sulphur, etc., in the case of tetrad or
hexad metals. May we not from these
ideas be justified in defining a metal,
Professionally, as a substance the alb
sorption-spectrum of which IS general
; ~ the same as the radiatiOn-sp ectrum,
while the naetalloids are substances the
absorption-spectrum of which general
ly is not the same? In other words, in
passing from a cold to a comparatively
hot state the Elasticity of these latter
comes into play, and we get a new mo-
Iecular arrangement. Hence are we not
justified in asking whether the change
from oxygen to ozone Is but type of
what takes place in all metallOids ?"
Try NA11s.-we have taken the
trouble, in extensive trips over the
country to make some inquiries about
certain fruit trees which attracted at
tentiOn on account Of their thrift and
fruit bearing qualities. They were
fresh and vigorous, while all around the
: other trees were decaying or dead. In
nearly every case it turned out tina ten
| penny nails had been driven into the
e body as near the ground as possible.
Trees selected at random and treated in
: this way always turned out to be
healthy, vigorous and excellent fruit
bearers, producing the most luscious
fruit. The reason why the worm will
not attack the tree is because the OxydG-
ton or rusting of the iron by the sap
= envolyes ammonia, which, as the sap
arises, will of course impregnate every
part of the foliage, and prove too dras-
, tic a dose for the delicate palAtes of in
| truding insects. The salt of iron
} afforded by the nails is extremely offsns-
i've to the worms, while it is not only
harmless but beneficial to the foliage
and fruit of the tree. Rural CGTOLjnjGTl.
A SECOND FATHER MATTHRw.-Who
is there that does ont respect the memo
, ry of Father Matthew, the great champ
e ion of temperance. 1nnumerable sOcie-
| ties bear his hOnored name but there
2 is one man who has struck more sure
? death blow to intemperance, and tnat
: man is DR.. J. Walker, an old California
/
a lures ''meek and Iowly herbs, medic
q inal ''tonic" and gentle stimulant that
e completely takes the place of the fash
= ionable alcoholic poisons called ''tonics, -
l. so popular as q compromise between
T strong drink and cold water, and does
= away with the mania for drink, and in
j. reality cultivates an involuntary DISCUS
for the same. 1t even does more 1t
acts upon the entire physical system,
purifies the blood, and produces hale,
e hardy health. The discoverer of this
e great medicinal stimulant is surely en-
n titled to the thanks of a whole nation,
!, and it is not extravaganza to entitle him
: -" a second Father Matthew"
A $500 Book for $3.50.
: The Peoples Common Sense Medical Ad.
]. wiser, in plain English Medicine Simplifed
= By r. V. Pierce, NJ. D., COuHselor-in-ch;ef OF
y the Board Of Physicians and Surgeons at the
y / Worlds Dispensary, Buffalo, y. Y. The above
= I work-a book OF about nine hundred large
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bound-will be sent, post paid, to any address
I for one dollar and fifty cents maxine