, 1875-12-03
STEEL MANUFACTURING.
A Chicagoan Has Made G. Long.Necded
Improvement.
SpteReleisou Can Now DO Well and Chenp.
~ Made Here.
Ita Effect On tho gteel Indua.ry.

~ "tNpA t1tAANE, AHO tHU bLGGl InlllH III kOIa
city are hourly furnishing pyrotachnio dtu-
play "e4ualcd only by ithols." The casual oh.
eefVance by ono OF our citizens OF seel mauu-
featuring led to inquiry am, study uhtcI, hayo
resuitod fu an imoortAnt discoyory that will
honceforth cnnblo tho American steel woskcrs 10
ho independent Of English aud tlsrmaa aito-
Ro9alhan manufacturer. The discovery being
the product. OF Western cnorgy anil invettiga-
t'on wo tako pleasure Ia giving description
OF 1t.
bleol In an alloy OF pure iron and carbon.
Thoreforo iron nnI carbon united, wlethor Il0
alloy or by chemical combination, ptoduce steel!
Puso iron IL soft, comparatively speaking; car
bon, in the impure form OF charcoal, the form
usually Employed in atoel. fs very soft j.: bnt tho
union OF iron And carbon-tllas Is, tho union
Of tuo sots aubs:auoss produces very hard
substance. yiz., a:eek.
Iron almost never occurs In nature in tho puro
form. It Ia almost always associated with o1y-
gen forming what caliod o1l,lD Of iron), and
with foletgn earthy ulattoEa. Tho prubloms tAa.
tho i1onsn.5!cr has to doal With arc ; F!rss, tho
publication OF !rou frnm iss had COMPANY; aud,
necond, tho Introduction Into the purified non
Of tho agent which converts II tho Htool, via,
carpuR.
In all Rgrs. The cnmminglins OF shcze two elo-
nloirB has beon 1noio or sas the work of chance.
improvements ilayo been made FROM ti'ne to
time through tho ntvnutenlents rnk le IN the sei-
enco of mo alursS, III euccass'uiiy accomplish
,ng thia introduction .! carbon into iron; and 1T
nroseut tha comttniAg OF Hdrbon Anl iron in rn-
luced nMo4t 10 certainty.
Tho 1itAt OF tho two FEollems mentioned above
Ia nov accomplished III worry silnpls manner
by what IL known IN
THE MESSENGER rNuGEss,
"lticl, consists ol 1urcsng through 1nasB Of
moten iron powerfnl blast Of ar. 1Ni4 mir
supplies oxyeen. which con.busss tho impurities
ot tho iron wholly, leaving nothing but pure iron.
During thia procosa Of coIlbu4tiug tllero lR aoou
ono, Of the Grandcst displays of "lire-
Noraa't-irou 'hIuworkA "-that haa over
been Witnessed BY human eyes. Turronls OF
slnrkh Of nearls every hue nre thrown cut Ut tho
motion mRsA Of non III such pEofi1HlUn aud
beauty that tho new comnr is lost in wo,lsormcnt
and admiration.
When the purifying process is comp1otcd tho
iron ~ ready for the calbnn, which IL then intro.
ducsd. aud tho sor'nor is instantly converted
INTO stcel. At n0ariy the aahie time that Mr..
Henry Desacmcr perfected h,s invention for
purifying lion, Nj. Mlstlet. another English
MctailunIiat, inyonIcd tho yot,lcla for convayiuE
cnrnoH Into tho motion suAss Ut trDn. after
publication by tho Bsssesner rocoss. This yo-
hluIo ho uAmed
APiEoELElsEN,"
Which tn essentially M aIloy Of iron, carbon End
nMngenesc, l. Inns bHcu found that this vehice
beAt Rc0onIpslea tho introduction Of carbon
into pur lied lron and all tho ateal manufacture
cts III the world nov ,lso splcgoleiaou iu stesl
making. With l,ossaler procr9s for obtain.
ing pure iron, and q spsgcleiaen of oaslly de-
ttsminat'.e propoltiona, qnaI,tisattvely, 1t would
seem that soef-masets nocd 10 further Improve
mouta to make thefl haDpy.
Io. thay ara not quito happy; aud wo aro now
tn condition 10 somoTe ono Of tho causoa OF
their luhappipess. Occasionally thor supply
VI spiegclessn ia exhausted. and then hundreds
Of mon lo IDLE, for tlora tu nothing tpdj,-no
steel eau DO made till nov supply can ho OBJ.
tapcd.
TUE REalEnr FOR rHts
de&act bus been discovered Ly QUO OF our oiti-
zsus, Dr.. James II. Ethcridgc, OF Rush ifedica!
College. wlo haa aecured paten: therefor, TO
aplTeclato tia full Import OF sils discovery IL IL
necessary 1rss 10 tell whero st,d how aplegoloisen
England and Germany, anu imported to t)lts
country. TLeso comes 10 tho tirat great cauao
OF gsiaf to American a1oel l-maxcrs,-tboy have 10
depond on foreign mai keta for au ingredient
next to the iron itsof 10 Importance in Btcel-
making. Ills cause Of anuo5 auce Ia now easily
removable. NJ VIC shali oxplA.n.
10 mako apcselcsson, /. e., to put toEothor
tts three ingredients. itou, carbon, and mau-
ganosu. is MI eaay enough procoss Working with
tue materials that Gornlau and English elIacel-
olsen manufacturers have 10 work With. Thay
work Rn orn contalulng botl' iron and manganese,
put together by uatuie-a Mapgaiiielplls l.pu
ore; tho technical naino for thss peculiar orc is
srattiu Iron orc. I, IL found In nearly eyery
tho thine country, whence tho dosnlaus draw
their a,pply. Almost unlimited qnAatitles exist
In Southern Spain, whcnco tho English Hplogos-
risen manufacturers obtatn thclr epathio oFes,
Tho latter IL called, by tho trade. "SpausA ore,"
With "span'ah or Bpathc ore. charcoal,
cupola, and fire, tt 10 very easy to mako
spicEelslsoo.
Tic question then il asked,
WHY 10 NOT THE AMERICANS MAEE EPIEdCGE1sTN?
Tho nnswor IL, We havo no Bpulilc ores in our
country frce from stally-obiqctionabio tugre-
t.auls 1T for tho purpose. Any ono Vt all IT,
mIl.ar with tho meteorological wealth OF AmeFca
knows that lhore exsst hero large number OF
irou miucs and q la.gs number VI ,nAuganeso
mines separately. Thu latter a*a found ia great
abundance tn Gofotslo and Ulah. Tonlessce
produces spashio Gre from which RpoRssss an
u now being made. but stee!.makors csnuot be
induced TO nHo 1t largely beeanao it contains 40
mt,oa phospbosns. Msn9auts Mines arc also
found in Arkanshs, Missouri, kas Jor1ey, New
llanpshlro, 4cDrgla, aud Arizona. An OF kmina-
tlon vt tho various State geological rsports re-
voa!s the taat that ihis ora ia found In al parts
Ut the Uniun iu abundance.
Utilizing American manganese oTeR for spie
goa.aen manufacturing IL psoblom that has
long boen worked upon BY American 1net4llur-
gists IN vain. ~. j. tIe question thst engaged
months Of study and experiments, ho succeeded
In making tho article from 1t atael i,hs bean
mas'o Of qualify equal to any steel naAufao-
tured in tllH country.
4AA A3p[N44AA FAAllAE
Ia this invobslon la tbs use Of closed chamber,
f. which to jlux iron. cal bon, sud manganese.
Tho oxcaedlpgly great retractlveness " mau-
Ransss ia what has horetosore foils< all attempts
TO mako srteHsle!xcn from tho American osas III
cuIolss. Placed in olal ad chamber. these
thrno Ingredients can 10 suej ectIt 10 auy dcxroa
Of ilcns desired. Wl.eu tic fusion ioine Of
1uanp aneas In reached, tho carbon, having no
csIa,co to rscape through oxytl4tiou (booauss at
IL oxoIudcd). becomes iucorl GRATED wlth ina,,-
ganeas and ,rou. mud tho result must 10 spiogei
elaen, The kind Of spleeol produced eau be
mado to vary al losirad III ils percentages Of
carbon and manganese. Thu latter fo1ms avo
different chclnical combinations will, carbon,
varying from 10 W per ceut. Dy taking I'D
yuutage OF this fact, stooluakesa cal, make thsr
BpioReleiyen 10 rich In carbon and manganese
that It eau be made to 10 four, or sven ak tmsa,
~ far, bulk for bulk, ~ imported ap,eRe!a.
lilo pElcQ Vt manganese oFea will daclna to
tbs lowest point when 1t becomes known to own
ers that llsre ia demand for tho II kicis. Man
gspots u,,nss III Colorado and Utah arc drug
lp tho market to-day. 1t " estimated tha. sl0V
por das cau be sared to zach I,eassmer plant Ia
fsta manipulation 1lone OF tllA a3npYovad spIegQ-