The New York herald., 1875-08-31

at Porte Kleck behind the peninsula OF Sabioncello.
In general terms this little territory may be said to form
Kind of cup while the frequent recurrence of cupke
depressions of the characteristic features of the
interior Its is computed at about g. 19l square
miles; the inhabitants number some 254 O0O of whom
100000 Mohammedans and 147 900 Christians or
the latter 112 900 belong to the Greek and 35, 600
| to the Roman Catholic Church 1t is divided
| into three lipas or provinces-Mostar, Trebgne
| and Taschlydscha Mostar the capital Is tolerably
well built town. situated both banks OF the Narenta
at the foot of the welesch Mountain 1t has Is 900 in
habitants among whom there only sixty Catholic
| and 600 Greek families. Trebgne, besieged BY
the Herzegovinans has 900 inhabitants and Fotscha
10000 nearly all Turks. The last mentioned place is
celebrated for the quality of its sword blades The two
fortresses, Stolatz and Koaschn, well known in
military history The early fate Of this little strip of
territory need not be dwet upon 1t will suffice to say
that passed successfully under the dominion of Bos
mia and Hungary until made tributary by the Turks in
1853, and finally subugated by them in 1883 In 1882
Sultan Mahmoud made it Independent vizierdom in
order to reward the Captain of Stolatz AAga Rsvan
begovch for his fidelity during the nsurrecon of the
Bosnian Turks The general character the country
is nainous indeed the traveller surprised the
small amount of valley land and Its narrowness. In
this respect 1t is kind of exaggerated Tyrol The eli
mate is mild and healthy. Agriculture is pursued in
the plains to a considerable extent Wheat corn, fax,
vegetables fruit and especially grapes produced,
and their production would be much more considerable
had not the Turkish system of exacton wrought here
precisely the effects produced in Ireland
by rack rents and middlemen up within the last ten
! years. Where rapacity and extorton lay a penalty
upon courageous toll stagnation and industrial paral
ysis are always the result or this more anon. The
country is covered with forests of chestnut trees
the fruit of which the cattle are chiefly fed Deer
| game and fish abound here The precious and other
| metals exist in great abundance but mining Is almost
entirely neglected. for the most excellent that
the miner that the aga ax gatherer) would an
nex' the proceeds of his labor. Trade and manufac-
lures such they are confined chiefly the few
| cities Firearms, sword blades and knives are almost
| the only manufacture and know the use of them
better than the Herzegovnians and their neighbors
The refusal Of the Turkish troops to march into the
passes lately telegraphed here, is olerably
sive evidence OF this The Turk likes fighting behind
WALL but is bad at standing a pot shot from an
ambush.
| The inhabitants of Herzegovina and the neigh.
boring countries, Scrvia and Bosnia, are as a gen
eral rule, rude and rough we'll as defiant and
repulsive strangers They brave bold inclined to
punder and cruelty, but in their domestic relations
peaceful and upright They are, besides Industrious
| temperate and splendid horsemen Such are the main
features of the country and the distinguishing traits
itspopuation But the unintiated in the present bro
would greatly underrate the seriousness of the out
break If they circumscribed It's moral extent by the
geographical boundaries of the country Servia Mon.
| tenegro Damata, Bosnia-ndeed, all the western
dependencies of the animated as far as the
Christians are concerned, by the same spirit which
| lmpes a handful Of mountanecrs In Herzegovina TO
defy the power of the Ottoman. or these the
porant Servia 1t will be proper, therefore, devote
moment or che consideration of her immediate
| past her people and resources
Serva Turkish Syrp) is principally owing
allegiance to the Sublime Porte II divided from the
Austrian military frontier by the rivers Save and
Danube On the II is bounded by waachia and
Bulgaria on the southeast by Turkish scrvia and on
the southwest by Bosnia Its Is about %, 454
square miles The knotty mountain range of the Rudnk
in Middle servia is the great strategical point Tho
battle fields OF servia win be found should things
to extremtes in the terrace like elevated valleys that
run from the marshes of the and Danube toward
the south These valleys connected by very
passes and gorges The country is exceedingly well
wooded In 1865 the population Of Serva amounted to
somewhat over 500 600 souls counting the gypses
who are very numerous. There some forty towns
and over 1000 villages in this prncipalty The people
belong to the Servan Slave II may be as we'll for
future purposes to state here that the word save Is
used to designate an Indo Gernanic race nearly
akin to the Lithuanian than any other Some derive
the word from slaoa glory others from soOo eloquent
1t may surprise those unacquainted with these
matters to learn that the Slave comprises
the Russians Poles Bohemians, the Inhabitants
Of the Principatcs and Of almost all Turkey In Europe
and that this great family at present counts about