, 1875-07-03
ArtesiSn " ellis.

! The question OF water supply Il aEstated
| not only in the populOus and Iapidiy growing
! cities but among the farmers and gardeners
of the State. as we'll There aru fertile spots
! which could be made productive by irrigating
on A scale much more limited than BY the
bitches which are required to drench the great
! valleys, OF miles In extent. The local press
| IN many localities is directing attention TO
| this facr, aud inquiriug what shall be done
! TO meet the emergency ArtesiAn wells have
! teen mentioned ~ sl,eueIes which might in
some cases be resorted 10 for solving the
problem
IL has been found as a rule that where
wells ATE multiplied in any given area of ter
ritory, their volume is decreased as 10 each
particular well. Ia The vicinity of London
the height to which the water rises Is dimin-
ished as the wells are increased, but gs long
ago as 1888 hey furnished "A daily supply Of
SIX million gullUns In 1851 the supply was
nearly double that quantity. From 'hIs 1t Is
established that even IN narrow clTcult, an
immense addition TO the water supply can be
relied upon. Underground currents are con-
find 10 10 particular depth. They flow in
different strata, often entirely independent OF
each other, and are nearly always struck
when the boring Is 10 a sufficient depth The
deeper the well Is pierced tie more likely 1t
is 10 overflow. and the volume can be made
larger or smaller according to the dimensions
of the pipe through which II Is thrown up 10
and above the surface.
Artesian wells are common in and around
Paris, at Lillers, and Grrnrlle IN France; In
the United States at 81. LuGis, Charleston,
). c., and In various other paris OF the
world. There is 10 determining where WA
ter can be struck without toring FOR II, al
though limestone fOundatiors are regarded as
holding out the best Inducements for It's
presence.
This subject of ar,esian wells Is brought
home TO us Dy recent report made of the
success Of putting them down along the line
of the Union Pacific Railroad The linea-
district III which they are found comprises
distance of lOS miles. The well at Separa-
ton, 5000 feet above the level of the sea, is
down llSO feet, aud the water rises TO within
ten feet OF the surface. At Creston, 1880
feet above the sea, there is a well 800 feet
deep, which furnishes an ample supply OF
water. At Nashakie, 6691 feet above the
sea level, the Well is 63S feet deep. The
water rises above the surface, and flows ~ the
rate of 800 gallons per hour. At Bitter
Creek, 65Sj feet above the sea le=el. the well
Is 69G feet deep, discharging at the surface
1900 gallons Fer hour, and with the aid Of
pumps, yields 2l61 gallons per hour. y
well at Point of Rocks, 6l90 feet above the
level OF the sea, is 1860 leet deep. The Wa
ter rlSes wI,Ein seventeen feet OF the surface,
and the supply meets all the demands made
upon It The well at Rock Springs j. 62S0
feet above the sea level; il is I26 feet deep.
and discharges at The surface 800 gallons uf
water PR hour, or at 2f feet above the sur
face, 6ll gallons per hour.
The popular theory for obtaining artesian
well water Is, that the spot seieced for bor-
ing should be Of lower level than other
lands il the vicinity, though the higher
lands may be several miles off. This does
no appear to lie su>t.iued ly he facts here
hdducrd. At Crtstun, 1U3O feer atOve the
SEA level. water Is struck NJ 80 i-et depth, aud
turni. hes an abundant supply, while al ko-k
Spriug-, 80 fest lower IN attitude, the we'll
hud tn be put down 1920 feet Altitude,
therefore, it would appear, does not always
control the water supply from artrsian wells.
Ihese particulars may prove important to
those IN search OF information relating 20
water supply, whether for ci les or farming
Purposes. They might not be unworthy o:
consideration by our Board Of Superyisocs.-
S. Z. Gail.