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Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-07-24
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Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-07-24
WESTERN DISPATCHES
CALIFORNIA.

srsoll 70 rns ooLp NIL DAIRY rrvs.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-07-24

THslaussstoekofdrysoe
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-07-24
Foreclosure Of = Msrtgage On ths
Philadelphia and memphis kaii'
rssd-DaaEsr 81 a. Overflow.

MrxrHIs. July 2i.-Phil. G. Calhoun
and Lewis c. Meyers Of New York. have
instituted q suit In tho District Court Of
the United States for West Tennessee.
for the Hrst mortgage bond holders Of
the Philadelphia and Memphis railroad.
for the purpose Of ioreelosing q mort.
gage. The bill alleges that there are
about 81. zoo, 900 bonds in the hands OF
different parties in New York. and tho
mortgage thereon provides that tho in
tercst thereon. at the rate Of z per cent.
shall 10 paid ssmi-annually. and upon
failure to do SO within DO days there
after. the Trustees shall take possession
Of tho road; and further. II the company
fail to pay the bonds In siI months after
the same shall become due, the bonds,
which are for thirty years. shall mature.
They allsgc that the company has failed
to nay interest for twelve months. and
therefore the bondholdsn have directed
them. as Trustees. to forecloss the mort
gage.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-07-24

coon ~sxtinguished, Without calling N
aid of tho ire department. There have
been 30 few fires lately that the boys be-
longing 10 the different fro companies
are pining away from lack Of excitement.
sssrSo II BosASxA.-Mossrs. ].
Kecno and George W. Smiley. two Of
the noted Nan Francisco stock opera
tors. wero down In the Consolidated vir'
ainia to-day, taking . look at tho Bug
| bonanza. We did not learn how much
| they carried away in their pockets, but
Judge enough Of Il will DO left to pay the
regular dividend Of $40 per share next
month.
Frsiamr RscEIrrs. - Tho following
amounts Of freight were received at the
| Gold Hill AMI Virginia depots OF ths
Virginia 4 Truckee railroad. during the
tw~snty.four hours ending u n. to-day
Wood - u loads, lumber IL. merchan
disc II, hay I. ice >, potatoes l.. nour L.
machinery /. grain .. old iron l., char
coal I. nut pine =. Total. NJ cur loads
sicxxrss.-Choiera morbus Is yer,
prevalent in this section At present. II
Is perfectly bewildering to listen TO the
number Of remedies that are suggested
for tho trouble. but n OF the best We
have heard 10 TO live temporarily. II
people will persist In eating unripe
irnits, they must wrestlo with the con-
sequences the best way they ran.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-07-24
THIRD.
REINsrEIN AWoLF

Next door to The Bank Of California,
MAIN STREET, S s;;r : COLD Hill
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
JOHNSBURY. FRIDAY, JUNE 25, 1875.

season. prefer to give my cows in Au'
gust the second crop Of grass, rather than
corn fodder before it, natures. use to
raise roots for my COWS in the fall, but do
not now because l can keep them up in milk
with the sweet corn fodder and make just as
good butter. In regard to preparing the
ground, would have it in just as good con.
dition as l would for common corn. But
you caught good growth OF fodder on green
sward if you do not manure it, il it Is in a
good state Of cultivation. If you manure
greensward, do not plough it in, put 1t on
the surface aud harrow it in. The better the
condition the land is in the better it will pay.
1 raise some four or Eve acres year, and
1 know that il il was not for my corn fodder
[ should not make as much butter. l make
about the same through the fail as summer
and make butter all winter; keep some
twenty cows or more, and make some 300
pounds COW, heifers included. My COWS
last season averaged me 1926 each, aud they
are from one.half TO three-fourths Alderney
or Jerseys, which | think from my ex.
perienee. is best for dairy.
II. A. PARKS.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
Care of Young Chicks.

1t is the almost universal testimony of
poultry raisers that the first food which
should be given to young chicks is hard
boiled eggs chopped fine. Some think the
yolk only should be used, others use both
yolk and white, and still others recommend
to mince finely the entire egg, shell and all.
Some think it best to add also few bread
crumbs, or stale bread soaked in milk and
then squeezed nearly dry.
1t matters little which of these ways
is chosen, since we know that very salts.
factory results are obtained by either course,
provided proper care is taken of the chicks
in other respects. Until they are fully
day old they need no food at all.
When brood matches out irregularly it
is best to take away the oldest, in order that
the hen may remain quietly on the nest.
Those taken away should be covered up
snugly in box or basket and put out of
hearing Of the hen in warm place, until
night, when they should be returned to the
nest. By the next morning all ought to be
ready to come off.
Food as above mentioned should be given
for the first two or three days, changing grad
ually to Indian meal and cracked wheat, or
what is known as wheat shorts or middlings.
Where oat meal can be had it is preferable
to any other as a staple article Of diet for
growing chickens, but the difference in its
favor does not seem to justify any very
extra trouble or expense to obtain it. For
a number Of years we have prepared our
chicken feed as follows
Shelled corn is ground in an old farm
mill and then sifted through n sieve of eight
meshes to the inch The coarse part is
reserved for feeding dry to the chicks when
they are couple of weeks old and for the
last feed at night. The fuer meal is mixed
half and half with wheat shorts or middlings.
AT feeding time, to each pint of mixed meal
required, should be added an even teaspoon
ful of fine salt, and occasionally little cayenne
pepper, the whole well mixed together and
then wetted up stiff with clabbered milk.
This is the chief diet, but is varied almost
daily with scraps from the table, or by using
at times wheat bran in the place of corn meal,
or by changing the proportions of meal and
shorts.
As the chicks are kept on grass pats, no
care is required to supply them with green
food. Where it Is necessary to keep them
In close quarters, fine cut grass and lettuce
and other green food must be given them
daily. Good clean water should OF course be
at hand for them at all times.
Chicks thus fed are sure to thrive, other
conditions Of success being attended to.
One of these, too frequently lost sight of, is
to keep them free from vermin,-Prairie
Edrmer
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25

the hills can be earthed up and the plants be
thus better protected against winter-killing.
Winter protection is essential to straw.
berries in Vermont. The best protection is
snow. and If the spot where they are planted
is one upon which the snow gathers and
stays, that is enough, except in occasional
open winters. But where the snow blows
of, or lies thin, as on southerly and westerly
slopes, the beds should be protected with
evergreen branches, straw, or dry leaves.
With the latter it is necessary to throw on
some brush, in order to keep the wind from
blowing them of. A few poles are also
needed to keep straw from being blown
away. Heavy litter like bean straw, swamp
hay, or corn stalks. is apt to kill the plants.
Tho covering, whatever it may be, should be
raked off by the first of May, and may be
left between the rows as mulch, with BEN
eft to the plants aud injury to the weeds.
In regard to varieties, there is great diff
ference of opinion as TO the most desirable.
For large yield, Wilson's Albany Col
fax, Ida, and Green Prolific will be most sat
islactory. For size, tho Agriculturist, Ju-
cunda, Triomphe de Gand, BOyden's Nam.
moth, and British Queen are recommended.
For quality, Jucunda, Hooker's Seeding,
Lennig's White, Charles Downing. Other
varieties might be added to each of these
lists. For ourselves, we raise Wilson's Al
bany and Green Prolific to sell, and Jucun-
da, HoOker's Seeding, and Charles Down
ing to eat. We should add Lennig's White
to the latter if it were nice looking berry.
In flavor, it is perhaps the best of all.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Raising Chickens.

Chickens should be hatched 10 May usual.
ly. but this spring has been SO late that late
chickens will be plenty.
Breeders complain that their eggs do moi
hatch well this spring, especially those set
in March and April. l think the very cold
winter we have had is one reason. For il
had tendency to make the cocks inactive
There will be plenty Of chickens hatched as
late as July this year, among the breeders OF
fancy fowls. Leghorns and Hamburgs will
mature before cold weather if we'll fed, aud
will make good winter layers. 1t is best to
let the chickens stay on the nest for twenty
four hours after Matching, as they require no
food, but need warm, dry nest the most Of
anything. usually coop the hen and let the
chickens run. The shape Of the coop Is inn
material With the exception that the stats
should run up and down. The chickens can
get out much easier. 1t is best to have no
bottom to the coop, unless skunks or rats
trouble. A board floor gets dirty and chick
ems do better on the ground, unless it is very
cold, damp weather.
Chickens need feeding every two hours,
from daylight to dark. They eat but little
at one time, but need it often. Curd is good
for young chickens. feed dough made Of
corn meal and shorts-hasty pudding salted
the same as you would to eat yourselves
Ground scraps or boiled beePs liver should
be fed daily, and Asiatics should have a lit
tie bone meal--say tablespoonful to q
pint Of meal daily after two weeks old, they
feather quicker and grow much larger. The
chickens should be fed we'll all summer, not
feed we'll until about eight weeks old, then
let them pick their living as many do. II
you are breeding fancy poultry, pick out
and sell the disqualified ones early in the
fall. The cockerels and pullets should be
separated when two months old.
Look to the chickens when taken from the
nest aud see if they are lousy. Dust the hen
with sulphur aud grease under hor wings and
the parts that come in contact with the
chickens with lard.
j. G. McKEEN.
Co.,sL A.,.o~fI NJ II
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
Gray's Horse Powers.

1t gives us pleasure to call the attention
of the readers of the FARMER to the horse
powers. threshcrs and separatOrs and saws
manufactured by Messrs A. w. Gray u
Sons, of Middetown, VT, advertised in the
FARMER. These gentlemen have proved
themselves pioneers in the improvement OF
this class of machinery, and their goods now
rank fully equal if not superior to any
others manufactured in the country. Indeed
it is doubtful if horse powers that will match
theirs for strength, lightness, durability, ease
Of operation and power can be found in the
market. Their threshers, separators and
cleaners have been improved until 1t would
seem that nothing more could be desired
The same may be said Of the drag aud cir
cuar saws and the fixtures by which they
are operated. What we say of them is from
personal examination and use, and after
having inspected and seen in operation many
other similar machines. The opinion we ex-
press is sustained by the reputation Of the
machines in New England and the West,
an enviable reputation, gained by the best Of
work on the best of materials aud the hig hest
degree Of skill.
The Messrs Gray have been untiring in
their efforts to put goods upon the market
that shall merit the confidence of farmers
and the degree of success attained must b.
gratifying to them.
Their powers are used for great variety
Of purposes, chief among which are saving AnG
threshing. And here we wish to say wore
to farmers. If few neighbOriug farmer
would club together in buying a hors'
power with the machinery for threshing anC
saving they would consult their own inter
ests. They would then be able to do thei
threshing and saving at their own conven
ienoe and at little cost, relieved from tn
expense and trouble incident to patrOnizn
an itinerant machine. With an iron mill
such as are now made TO work very satisfac
torily, the grain intended for feeding to farm
stock could be ground at small expense.
The deserved popularity of these machines
which is spreading year by year, insure
sales of all the firm can produce, and com
pels frequent enlArgemeuts of their work.
already very extended and complete.
When thing is cOnspicuously meritOnou
we believe in saying SO, and that is what W
believe and say about the machines Of A. "
Gray Il Sons.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
Fodder Corn.


There seems TO be considerable difference
of opinion in regard to the goodness of fOd'
der corn.
think it is the way it is raised, that makes
the difference Of opinion. have tried diff
ferent ways and have come to the conclusion
that would not SOW any more broadcast,
because do not want fodder that grows in
the shade the most of my fodder has good
ears of corn on the stalks. l raise the COM
mon sweet corn, will not raise any other
kind l plant my corn, having my rows
some three feet apart, or more, so can run
the horseshoe between the rows, and the
hills some two feet apart / put more seed
in the hill than for raising common corn, l
use about one-half bushel Of seed corn per
acre plant as early as can in the spring
aud avoid the frost, and cut it up as soon as
the Goth Of September, or before to avoid the
fall frost bind it IN small bundles and then
stock il, and put it into the barn when cured.
Stand it up in my barn floors and hay-mows
when can. DO not leave il out all the fall
exposed 10 fall rains. II need it before, to
keep my COWS up to the standard in milk,
cut II up at any time, but it is Of the most
value when matured but ii will not answer
to let our cows dry up at any part Of the
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
Cutting Grass Early.

l have been watching grass field since
last July 1S74), part of which was cut early
with a mower, and the rest left three weeks
later. The square block of two or three
acres in the center of the field, which was
cut last, seemed almost killed all the fall
The grass was timothy, and very little after
math appeared, while the outside of the field
cut first was bright and green. The same
result appears again, this spring, and l
judge the middle Of the field will not yield
half ton of hay per acre, while the outside
may 60 up to ton and half. Add to this
that the early cut grass was best for hay,
and it makes strong case for early cutting
1t is equally important for clover, and in-
deed, unless clover is kept very closely cut
or pastured, the second season, so as to pre-
vent its seeding, it is rarely worth keeping
for grass the third year.-Cor. Country
Gentleman.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
Freezing Cream,

The practice offreezing and thawing cream
must be carefully conducted, or injury is LA
BILE to follow. To freeze moderately say %
to 80 degrees, does not materially injure it,
if it is not kept too long or thawed too
fast. 1t will grow bitter after time by
standing. 1t will not, however, grow bitter
SO soon at 25 or 80 degrees, as at so de-
grees. To freeze cream eery hard decom-
poses the cheesy matter in the butter glob-
ules, and thus not only does the churning
prematurely, but the trying ont also, as the
butter will have the appearance Of having
been melted. In heating cream it is impor-
tant always to do it gradually, but it is most
especially so when frozen. 1t is then easily
injured by too sudden change, and that is
probably what allied the butter in the case
above related.
1t is doubtful whether actual freezing Of
cream can occur without serious injury. At
25 or 80 degrees it is only the milk mingled
with the cream that freezes. To CONCEAL the
cream itself requires very low temperature.
1t will, even then, change and injure by
long standing. The injury, in this case,
seems to be due to the milk or water in the
cream, rather than the butter globules them
selves, as after churning and working, but
ter may remain at a low temperature without
serious injury.-L. b. Arnold, IN NelO En-
gland Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
WHOLE NO. 238.

tho loose bark should be scraped off. This
may be done earlier in the season, when time
will best permit. The bands should be ad-
justed by june 20. Under these bands the
"worms " will secrete themselves. BY July
Z the bands around the earliest apple-trees
should be unwound and examined, and the
Larvae destroyed. This can be done by pass
ing the bands through a. wringer, or by un-
winding and crushing with the thumb. L
have found this last method to be the best.
Every ten days after the first tound- every
nine days if the weather is dry and warm
this work should be repeated, till the last
week Of August, and again at the close Of
the season after the fruit is gathered. A
common carpet.tack hammer, with a good
claw, suspended around the neck by cord,
will be found an advantage.
Many apples will be carried to the cellar
with the larvae still in them. These, unless
destroyed, will 60 through their changes.
Hence all barrels, bins, and boxes in the
cellar should be examined. In knocking
box to pieces few days ago March l3 !,
procured from neighbors cellar, L found
over 100 larvae concealed between where
the boards were nailed together. These
were placed in box, and all but two again
spun coooons. As we cannot hope to find
nearly all these, it would be well if the ap-
pie cellar were so arranged as to preclude the
moths from issuing forth. 1t would be ex-
cellent policy to have our cellars so close that
not moth could escape in May and June.
Were all cellars so fixed this spring, it would
be great benefit, for can find no live arvae
out in the orchards. In examining an or
chard last week (April 27) l found over 100
cocoons. From more than one-thiri of these
the insects had been taken by the sap-suckers
(PicuS UiLloSuS), while all the others, either
from cold or some other cause, were dead.
l never saw such codlng moth mortality be-
fore this spring. Fires, and jars of sweeten-
ed water, will have no effect in destroying
these moths, as have proved that neither
attract them. Hogs turned into the orchard
are but partial remedy. as at least half Of
the larvae never 60 to the ground at all.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25
Corn Culture.

The usual practice is to cultivate lightly
at first, increasing the depth of plowinga the
corn grows larger, and the danger Of cover
ing is lessened. The reverse Of this would
be the better way. While the roots are
small, deep culture can be practiced without
injurlDg them. But it must be remembered
that the roots grow faster at this period than
do the tops. When the tops are three inches
high, the lateral roots, in loose ground, are
from ten to fifteen inches long, and extend in
all directions, and if the pillow reaches them,
they are torn asunder. We are not of those
who believe this does the plant no harm.
Nature makes no such mistakes as to give
plant twice as many roots as it needs. They
are the feeders of the plant, and every one
injured, reduces the feeding power just in
that proportion. Therefore, use the plow
with discrimination-keep the surface loose,
but allow the roots to remain unmoested.-
Ohio Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-06-25

enormous. Farmers must fix on the ideal
Of the animal they wish to produce and stick
to it I; and then observe the we'll known laws
Of breeding. Animals often have qualities
unlike those of any of their immediate an.
cestors, derived from those more remote.
This is called tracing back Hence we
should be careful TO select our breeding
animals on both sides from families having
good qualities developed by long course Of
good breeding and training. Each repro
duction Of a given quality from one genera
tion to another increases the Reproductive
power as to that quality. This is the reaso
why thoroughbred bulls cause such uni
form change when they are crossed with
common stock. Long continued close breed.
ing impairs the constitution. We may not be
able to detect the fact until it appears in
the young. Extremes should be avoided.
The relative influence OF the parents in
determining the qualities Of the young de-
pends in large degree upon that to which they
have been fixed by breeding. Both parents
should, if possible, possess the desired quail
tiles. Hardness is Of ultimate importance.
Early maturity is essential, as great saw
ing Of food is made. An enormous diges-
tive capacity is of the highest Importance in
the cow
Adjourned for dinner.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
A paper was read by Henry Hopkins, Of
Enosburgh. subject the Farmers Table.
Mr.. Hopkins said, do not propose to say
what the farmer shall eat, nor how much,
neither in what length of time but rather
to see how it may be enjoyed by not only
himself but by hIs friends. The farmer has
the advantage Of most other classes of peo-
pie for he receives his food, or at least the
most of it, direct from the soil. His table
should be large enough for all to sit down
at once. He should have a good garden
so that he may have his vegetables fresh.
After Mr.. Hopkins paper Mr.. o. N.
Kelton, of Montgomery, read paper upon
farm buildings.
He said for man and bea st buildings
should be as warm as possible. The past
winter convinced us that our barns cannot
be made too warm. Should all be the same
side Of the road, and little back. We
should observe proper distance between the
house and barn. For our farms in this
part of the state would build as nearly square
as | could. And 10 fact build all buildings
as comfortable as our means will allow and
may the time soon come when every farm
shall have good buildings and home worthy
of the sons and daughters of Vermont.
Mr.. Towle of the Messenger gave a plan
OF farm in his neighborhood after which
Professor Peter Collier, Secretary of the
Board, gave his paper on The General Prin-
ciples Of Fertilization. This paper is of much
interest.
At 4.2O the meeting was adjourned with
out day, and we trust that all have derived
some good from this meeting and will put it
in practice.