davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

The dam of the beaver Is intehueo 10
.rreSt i stream in such way as 70
raise the water, and form a tranqu.i
iaEe on the borders of which the AMI
r,aI builds his lodge of beaten earth;
The chosen place is near the woods.
The beaver chooses q tree, not very
large. and cuts it deeply with his teeth.
The tree being nearly cut IN two, tne
instinct of the animal tells him "nere
IN I've the final bite, to cause the tree
70 fall IN favorable direction.
When the tree is down the beaver
oroceeds TO cut off the branches, ana
hon c,,ts the branches into lengths OF
from three to five feet. These are not
to he set upright, but are laid horizon,
tally. at the bottom of the water, ana
covered with earth and stones to pre-
vent their rising to the surface, or from
being carried OFF by the current;
When the layers of logs. which nave
been deprived of limbs and bark, are
of a sufficient height. the work Is con-
soIiiated by mud, which the beavers
carry and apply by means OF their. nat
tails. forepaws, and even their mouths
In time the embankment, beaten Win
their fiat tails, acquires great so,iuity'
and they have been seen covered WIN
a rich and plenteous vegetation Some-
times even forest trees are found grew
ing on them, the roots of which con-
tribute TO hold together the materials
of which they are composed
When the water runs slowly, the
beaver builds his lodge on the border
of the basin formed by the dam IN
right line When the current Is rapid,
the dam is in a curved line, with the
convexity directed against the stream.
Sometimes it is two or three RODS
long, with a breadth of three or four
rods, and constructed on slope. Inc
beavers lodge is double; one part is
entirely under water, while the other
is above. 1t is built almost in the form
of a half circle, like the Esqulmaux
huts. Each of these lodges is two or
three rods in diameter, and contains
many inhabitants, with their provision
of bark for the season of winter. In
these abodes the ANIMALS are protected
against the attacks of most animals.
There are few, except men, who try TO
or succeed in breaking down the strong
walls of earth to which the cold OF WIN
ter gives the hardness of stone. During
the time the fashion of beaver hats
fiourished. the number of these interest
ing colonies was much reduced. But
few are now to be met with, except IN
the difficult To be explored solitudes
which extend to the northwest OF
Canada.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31
AGRICULTURAL

ORCHARD GRAss.-Two busbel OF
seed to the acre IA pounds to the
bushel) is not too much but twenty
pounds of nice clean seed will insure q
good set. To SOW less than twenty
pounds is "penny wise and pound
foolish" for less than twenty pounds
will not produce perfect sod. and all
the ground not sodded over is, of course
lost. 1 believe August to be the best
time for sowing orchard grass. / Isowed
this year q small lot in August to rye
and orchard grass. About the twenty
fifty of next April / shall NOV the rye,
which will make fine lot of feed, and
by moving so early, it will not inter-
fere with the grass, and will protect it
during the winter. / believe this to be
even better than sowing the grass
alone. Most farmers wish to SOW grass
seed with wheat or oats. Ii orchard
grass is sown with either of these, it
should be sown in March, 1 soil all my
stock, and consider orchard grass the
best of all grasses for soiling. for the
following reason its earliness, lateness
rapidity of growth, and the preference
stock have for it. All these qualities
combined make it the best of all
grasses for soiling. 1t does not make
as much feed as corn fodder, but it
does not require the work that corn
fodder does, and you are obliged to
manure your corn fodder land to keep
it up, while orchard grass improves
land every year. Stock never tire of
the grass as they do of the fodder. If
sown about the first of March, it is not
necessary to harrow the seed in al
though light narrowing will do no
harm.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31
The Strength OF Wood and the
Efficiency Of the Ak.

In a recent volume of the annals of
the Forest Academy, at Mariabrun,
near Vienna, Prof. W. f. Exner gives
a novel and highly instructive analysis
of the elasticity and strength of wood.
its resistance to splitting, and the
use of the wedge, the ak, &c. The i'm
portance of these matters he shows to
be very great, because great industries
depend upon the facility with which
wood can be split, and upon the appli-
cability OF certain kinds of wood. Hav-
ing deduced a few simple formula to
express the strength of woods and the
power of the wedge, he develops a for
mula for the force with which an Ak is
handled, and shows what curve should
be given to the face or cheek of the AZ,
in order to secure, under certain con-
ditions the last waste of power. By
these formulse he is able to demon
strate that the splitting efficiencies of
the best axes made in Vienna, Prague
and America, are to each other as 1873,
80, and 10, respectively ; and apply
ing his formula to the elaborate ex-
periments of NOrdlingen, he is able to
deduce the absolute ease with which
various woods can be split.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

PHOTOGRAPHERS in France are still
trying to take photographs in natural
colors. The process they employ is as
follows {: Three negatives are taken in
the camera the first through the red,
the second through orange-red, the
third through violet glass. From these
three carbon prints are made under
the first negative he exposes a film of
bichromatized gelatin, having a red
tint under the second, similar film
of blue color, and under the third a
yellow film. The three impressions
terminated, he superposes these three
monochromes, and obtains an image in
which all the different tints of the
original are found.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31
SCIENTIFIC.

CHALK In ARTIFICIAL FUELS. We
have remarked paragraphs In sundry
home and scientific journals relative to
the utilization of chalk, such Is is
found in natural beds. as a source OF
heat. Various descriptions Of i'm
proved fuel have appeared, in which
the above material has been mixed with
bitumiuous coal and various earthly
substances, and the compound thus
produced is stated to have increased
calorific properties. How this result
can be directly ascribed to any active
effect of the chalk, we fail clearly to
comprehend.
Chalk is a body already the result OF
a combination of carbonic acid and
lime. By heating at a high tempera-
ture, the material may be decomposed ;
and it absorbs an amount of heat
equivalent to that produced at the
moment of combination. Carbonic
acid and lime result, and these them
selves are also burnt bodies, neither of
which can individually produce heat.
If the carbonic acid, after contact with
an incandescent combustible is trans
formed into carbonic oxide, it is simply
through the absorption of exactly the
quantity of heat which would be pro-
duced by the transformation of car
bonic oxide, in turn, into carbonic acid.
So that, theoretically and according to
all present chemical ideas, it is impos-
sible to conceive that lime, no matter
in what form it be utilized, can be a
source of heat.
1t remains therefore to account for
the advantageous results which are
claimed to have been secured by the
admixture. In domestic heating, the
types of apparatus commonly employed
are the CRATE and the stove. A CRATE
fire utilizes about one tenth of the heat
developed by the combustible, that is,
about this fraction goes to warm the
room, while the remaining nine tenths
flies up the chimney. 1t is radiant
heat that warns our apartments. Now
if, by mixing chalk or limestone with
the fuel, the combustion is retarded,
the chalk, by absorbing a portion OF
the heat which otherwise would be
lost, serves to increase the radiating
surface, it thus probably augments the
quantity OF heat utilized.
In stoves an analogous state of affairs
exists, and it is not impossible to con-
ceive that such, in the instances noted,
may be advantageous. But for the
production of steam, wherein active
combustion is required, it is certain
that the addition of such foreign matter
to the fuel can exercise no useful effect.
-ScieIltifc american.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

to the public, would caution the Comm
nifty to purchase none but the genuine arr,
Gle, manufactured by T. +. Kunkel. ami
having his stamp on the cork OF every boz,
tie. The very fact that others are attemn.
ing to initiate this valuable remedy. proys.
its worth, and speaks volumes in its favor.
Sold only in 81 bottles Sold by Drug.
gists and dealers everywhere.
TAPKwoRN REMOVED ALIvE.-Head AMI
all complete, in two hours. No fee till b4.J
passes. Seat, Pin aud Stomach Worms -
moved by Dr. KUSKEL, 259 NoRrH NINE
STREET. Advice free. Come. see over .Oen
specimens and be convinced He never
fails.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

LIGHT BKAHMAs.- is one of the
noblest breeds of our domestic fowls
is well adapted for town or country,
but looks best on clean grass runs.
No fowls are larger, their flesh is excel
lent, they fatten readily and are excel
lent winter layers; also very good
settlers and fair mothers. For general
usefulness, perhaps, cannot be over
rated, and no breed has so widely
grown into public favor.
In size and quality they are similar
to the dark variety but different in
color. Their color is more easy to
breed to Feather" and is more easily
soiled by the dust and smoke of the
town. They are withal a magnificent
fowl, and their quiet habits and
pleasant disposition-with their many
good qualities-render them universal
favorites.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

PEAT PAFER.-M. Bertmeyer has re-
Gently exhibited, in the Polytechnic
Society of Berlin, specimens of paper
and pasteboard obtained from the pro-
ducts of the peat beds about Kenigs-
berg, the quality of which is said to be
excellent. The pasteboard was "a
inches thick, and sufficiently hard and
solid to admit of planning and polishing.
The paper made from peat alone was
brittle, like that manufactured from
straw but the addition of fifteen per
cent of rags produced the requisite
toughness.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

FISH BONES AS tRRTILIZERs.-Th
Moniteur hdustriel Beige states that
German manufacturers are purchasing
the fish bones gathered along the Nor
wegian shores, which result from the
extensive fsh-curing stations there
located. These bones make a fine
fertilizer, and, when pulverized by
suitable machinery at the points OF
collection, are readily transported.
The same journal suggests the more
extended utilization of the bones from
the establishments in Newfoundland,
and estimates the product from Ameri-
can fisheries at twenty million pounds
a year.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

CLOSING CRACKS IN CAST IRON STOVES.
Good wood ashes are to be sifted
through fine sieve, to which is to be
added the same quantity of clay finely
pulverized, together with little salt.
The mixture is to be moistened with
water enough to make paste, and the
crack of the stove filed with it. The
cement does not peel off or break away,
and assumes an extreme degree of
hardness after being heated. The
stove must be cool when the applica-
tion is made. The same substance
may be used in setting the plates of
a stove, or in fitting stove pipes, serving
to render all the joints perfectly tight.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

Cocks CONE AS FooD.-The combs
of Spanish and Leghorn fowls are sold
in some parts of Europe as choice deli
cacies for the palates of those who sigh
for fresh appetizers. Under the name
of "Cretes de Coq," supply of these
morsels has been recently imported
hither from Paris. The combs are of
large size, both single and rose, and
are put in white vinegar, in long tubu-
lar glass bottles, holding about pint,
sealed with black wax. When we say
iha these small bottles cost at whole
sale in Paris more than dollar in gold
each, the reflection is forced that many
a large combed rooster may in future
be sacrificed to Mammon as many were
offered up to Esculapius. There are
enough large combs in the yards of
some of our breeders to make fortune
if they could be utilized. We hope,
however, the combs on the Mediterra-
mean class will be reduced in size, as
many large ones amount to positive
deformity.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

NJ. CHARLES TELLER has invented
refrigerator of which methylic ether is
the freezing agent. The meats and
other substances which are to be pre-
served are placed in a large chamber
into which is injected air at zero. The
meat loses part of its water and becomes
covered with a thin dry crust, which
must be removed at the moment of
using it will then be found to have
entirely resisted putrefaction, no matter
how long it may have been kept. Even
in the case of game which has become
somewhat turned in flavor the work of
decomposition is arrested, and flesh of
sny sort treated by this process may be
afterwards exposed to the air without
injury. A large leg OF mutton expert
mented on once during the three sum-
mer months merely dried a little without
manifesting symptom of decomposi-
ton.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31
Why DO BEES SwARM.-The question
is often asked why do bees swarm.

Why DO BEES SwARM.-The question
is often asked why do bees swarm.
We answer simply because they were
so created. Like the animal and insect
world, to multiply and increase the
species, which is just as natural when
conditions are favorable as the ''sparks
to fly upwards ;" but one tells us ''they
only swarm when forced to it." This
is contrary to the law of nature. From
the beginning of time bees have been
known to swarm, and strange to say
their flight has been toward the setting
sun-yes, even in advance of civiliza-
ton, they have reached the ''far west. 3"
Bees will swarm when the conditions
are favorable, even when their domicile
is not one-fourth filled.
lStcarming.-For some days before
clustering at the entrance of their hive
though we have seen some swarms
that would come forth when but little
or no indication of swarm. When
honey is abundant and bees plenty, you
may look for them to come forth at
almost any time from the hours of ten
to three in the afternoon, first swarms)
second and third from seven in the
morning until four in the afternoon
Have you your hives ready, and in a
cool place. Be sure they are both
clean and sweet. They will need no
washing of herbs, or salt water, or
whiskey to induce them to stay. They
need not be protected from the hot
sun. Should the sun strike the hive,
it is very apt to compel the bees to
leave-they cannot stay where it is too
warm to work their wax.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

In England. people who refuse to
have their children vaccinnated are put
in prison, and welcomed with torch
light possessions when they come ont.
Every Englishman claims the rights
for his children to have smallpox 81
guaranteed by Magma Charta.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

COMPOSITION OF misunderstanding
to the analyses of Duiardin-B -Beaumetz,
oatmeal consists of water, 81 per cent ;
fat, 7.5; starch, 6.40; nitrogenous
matter, III; mineral matter, 1.5
cellulose and loss, 7.6. 1t contains two
per cent. of nitrogen, while wheat,
according to Payen, contains LEA per
cent. rye, LIS per cent. /; rice, Los
per cent. Boussingault found in oat-
meal, 0.0131 per cent. iron, contrasting
with 0004S per cent. in flesh and
wheaton bread. 1t is probably, there
fore. trife more nourishing than the
flour of other species of grain.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

CLoGGEp LAMP WICK.-The light
often is unsatisfactory while all is ap-
parently in good order. 1t should be
borne in mind that, though the wick is
but very gradually burned, it is con-
stantly becoming less able to conduct
the oil. During several weeks some
quarts of oil are slowly filtered through
the wick, which stops every particle of
dust or other matter that will with the
utmost care be in the best kinds of oil.
The result is, that the wick, though it
is of sufficient length and looks as good
as ever, has its conducting powers
greatly impaired, as its pores, SO to
speak, or the minute channels by which
the oil reaches the place to be burned,
becomes gradually obstructed. 1t is
often economy to substitute new wick
for an old one, even if that be plenty
long enough to serve for some time to
come.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

If you find the fleece of nearly equal
fineness from the shoulder to the thigh
of nearly equal length on the shoulder,
rib, thigh and back and Of equal den-
sity on the shoulder and across the
loins-you may conclude that you have
q nearly perfect sheep.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

DANGERS OF BENzINE SCoURING.-M.
Dumas, at recent meeting of the
French Academy of Sciences, stated
that, in examining the process of
securing fabrics as usually prsoticed
by cleaners of old clothes (washing in
bepzine), he had discovered a novel
and dangerous cause of fire. Work
men engaged in this industry had fire.
quently complained of the benzine be-
coming infiamed during the scrubbing /;
and in order to test the question, NJ.
Dumas caused piece of cashmere to
be dipped in for a length of Is feet.
Every time the stuff partially emerged
from the bath, while being rubbed be-
tween the hands, a sharp pricking SEN
sation upon those members and on the
face was felt; and finally sparks were
emitted from the fabric. sufficient, if
the securing had been briskly continued
to have ignited the infiammable fluid.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

MRs. PARTISGToN is collecting auto
Gratis and will be grateful for specimens
Of the hand writing of any extinguished
character,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

A coUNTRYMAS going into the probate
office where the wills are kept in huge
volumes ON the shelves, asked if they
we're all Bibles ''No, sir" replied one
of the clerks, "they are testaments."
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

A WELLER1sM'-''A play upon words"
as the fireman said when he thrust his
hose into the booksellers shop to put
out the flames.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

We ARE told that "the evening wore
on" but we are not told tChdt the
evening wore on that occasion. Was it
the "close" of q "summer day ?"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

"GooD-MoRSIse, Smith /; you look
sleepy )" "Yes," replied Smith, "I
was up all night" "Up! where ?"
"Up-stairs, in bed"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

81 WANT to know" said creditor,
fercely, "when you are going to pay
me what you owe me ?" 81 give it up. :"
replied the debtor ask me something
easy"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

A Coop LAwN.-The first great re-
quisite in making lawn is to have
good drainage, after which prepare the
ground by deep ploughing and also by
subsoiling, the soil requiring to be
well pulverized and enriched, to ex-
pect any success in our hot climate.
A good lawn is one of the most
pleasant appendages to a house but
to make it so, it requires to be well at
.ended to, both in formation and by
keeping it mown every two weeks at
farthest, using the most approved lawn
mower. By doing so you will soon
have lawn like carpet. lnexperi-
ence and neglect have been the causes
of numerous failures.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

"WHY is it," asks an exchange, "that
nearly every Senator's wife in Washing
ton is handsome woman ?" 1t is
simply because nearly every Senator's
wife who is not a handsome woman is
left at home. 49,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

THE difference there is between honor
and honesty seems to be chiefly
in the motives. The honest man does
that from duty, which the man of honor
does for the sake of character.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31
WILLIAM MEAZEL.

FROM THE NOTED SCOUT. BUFFALO BILL
HOLLAND House, Rockford, H., April
20. 1S74.-Dr. II. V. PIERCE. Buffalo, "
Y: Sri have now taken four bottles
of your Golden Medical Discovery in
connection with your Pellets, and must
say that nothing | have ever taken for
my liver has done me as much good. |
feel like a new man. Thanks to your
wonderful medicine.
2 W. F. CODY. ("Buffalo Bill.D
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

BUILDING AND FENCES. weather
in this month may be chosen for out
door painting and repairing. The alb
sence of flies and dust. and the slower
drying of the paint, will go far to bal
ance the inconvenience of cold fingers.
Painting is job that may he done in
mittens. Fences should be made
secure, before more pressing work
causes this to be forgotten. No smaller
nail than ''tenpenny" should be used
for board fence. A few pounds of
No. 9 wire are useful in securing the
top-rails, or the riders, if cut into
lengths of IS inches, and twisted around
them, or the stakes where they cross.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

SOWING CLOVER SEED.-The plan of
sowing clover seed on the snow, when
there is any on the grain fields this
month, Is one which has many advan-
tages. The seeds can be distributed
very regularly, and the snow in melt
ing carries them down into the
crevices of the soil, where they are
ready to germinate. If not so sown, it
is preferable to wait until the frost is
out of the ground and lightly harrow
them in, and roll. On most soils a
bushel of seed is sufficient to SOW five
acres. In the South, fall sowing is be-
lieved to be preferable. A good article
from practical hand was given in last
months Farmer on getting a set of
clover, which it will be worth while to
refer to. The value of clover as a
forage plant and as a fertilizer begins
to more and more appreciated, and en-
terprising farmers all through the
South, in sections where it was formerly
supposed it would not flourish are Civ
ing practical demonstrations to the
contrary.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-31

CURE FOR COLDS. = The severest
catarrhal cold can be removed in about
ten hours by MIXTURE of carbolic acid,
ten drops; tincture of iodine and
chloroform rs drops. A few drops of
the mixture should be heated over
spirit lamp, in test tube, the mouth
of which should be applied to the
nostrils as soon as volatilization is ef-
fected. The operation should be effected
in about two minutes, when, after the
patient sneezes a number of times, the
neutrality-suspicious. rapidly disappear.