Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser., 1875-08-20

compelled to employ incompetent ten
ant-farmers. In some places in Vir-
ginia the bare land is first allowed one
fourth of the proceeds as rent, and the
remainder is divided between the land
lord and tenant in the proportion in
which they have each contributed to
stock and furnish the farm. Some
landlords delAan-u from one-third to
two -fifths - the grain-crops and one
half the hay, even though the tenant
may have stocked the farm. In other
cases the landlord exacts half the prof
its of cattle. Different classes of land
also receive different amounts of rent.
For instance, in North Carolina, val
ley-land rents for one-half, while hill
sides bring only third of the CROP
Again, a distinction is made in regard
TO different crops; land in corn yields
a third of the produce to the landlord,
while in cotton he obtains but one
fourth. Where the landlord furnishes
the whole or part of the stock, tools,
&c. his share is proportionately en-
larged. In some parts of South Caro-
lima cotton-lands are rented for spe
cific amount of cotton, varying from
so to $50 pounds per acre. In rent
ing on shares to freedmen, sometimes
the landlord furnishes rations for the
tenant himself and one mule, as well
as stock and tools, in which case he is
entitled TO two-thirds of the crop;
without the rations, he gets but half.
In the rice districts of Georgia land is
sometimes rented for pounds of rice
per acre.
Passing to the Gulf States We find
share farming comparatively little
practiced in Florida, but where it is re-
cognized, it is generally on terms very
similar to what are stated for the Car
olinas and Georgia. The same distinc-
ton between corn and cotton, with oc-
easional leases, payable in specific
10 100 pounds. In renting TO freed
men the idea is to make him assume,
as far as possible, the obligation of
providing his own rations. In Ala
bama, some counties discourage the
share-system, and seek to bring agri-
culture, as far as possible. to the wages
standard, but this is not yet found
practicable. The tenant-freedman is
favored with larger share of the pro-
ceeds and more lenient treatment
/ than the tenant-farmers of the North.
Yet he often falls in debt to his land
z 1 1.,1N .1.,,, h.
ls-.h parties are more or less to blame
in such cases. The blaeksmith's ac-
count is frequently part of the set
tlcment, and taken into consideration.
Generally, the freedman furnishing
only labor is allowed from two-fifths
to half the proceeds of the crop. 9th
er tenants. able to furnish stock and
tools, obtain leases in which they are
taxed but third of the grain-erops
and fourth of the cotton. In some
counties of Mississippi the share-sys-
tenn is increasing. The usual terms
of lease are about the same as in the
cotton States generally. In some cases
the rental is for 40 to 100 pound of
Infection per acre. Freedmen being
destitute of stock and tools, as a gen.
eral thing. these are provided as we'll
rs rations in some cases in which the
tenant gets but third of the crops.
\ distinction is made sometimes be-
tween sharers and renters. The for
mer receive a certain portion of the
crop; the latter pay specific rent per
acre in cotton or corn. There is in
many counties growing dissatisfac-
ton with the share-system, and hence
there is tendency to treat tentants
on the basis Of renters rather than
sharers. In Louisiana, the public
mind is becoming unfayorable to the
share-system, and ON the sugar estates
+ it is being abandoned. 1t is the poll
cy to change it to the rent-system as
far as possible. The same difficulties
are experienced here as in the other
cotton States in the inability of freed
men to stock and furnish their farms.
In rice-culture the owner furnishes
the water in fumes and receives a
third of the crop; if he furnishes the
seed, &C., he receives one-half. In
many instances the land is rented for
( 81 to so per acre, but the share-sys-
tenn is still made an unwelcome neces-
sity by the poverty both of planters
and freedmen.
In Texas the same general princi-
+! piles are noticeable. A tenant furnish
ing his stock, implements, &C., pays
one-third of his corn and one-fourth
of his cotton crop, but if the landlord
furnish those necessaries he is entitled
to half the produce. The share-sys-
tenn is universal in many counties, but
the popular feeling is against it. Eff
forts are made to change it for spe-
citic rent, or to supersede it by hired
labor.
In the cotton counties of Arkansas
and Tennessee, the same rule prevails
as in other portions of the cotton States.
Land without stock or implements is
rented for a third of the grain and a
fourth of the COTTON crop; but the
quality of the land sometimes varies
this rule; rich river-bottoms return
one-half the produce for the land alone.
If the owner furnish stock, tools, and
seed, he gets from half to two-thirds
of the crops. The effort to supersede
the share system by substituting hired
labor is resisted by the inveterate pre-
JUDGES of the freedmen, who desire to
be master of their own time, and hence
prefer the share-contract system,
which leaves them at their own dis
posal. In few cases land is rented
for specific price per acre either in
money or produce. In the sections of
the inland Southern States out side of
the cotton region, bare land rents at
one-third to one-half it's produce ac-
cording to its location and quality,
but ifthe landlord furnishes and stocks