davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

HANDSOME NEW OFFIoE.-Tne Mccullough
Iron Company is building . very handsome OF.
fec at the corner of Seventh street and Railroad
Avenue. The dimensions are 80 by 20 feet, and
an l. in shape. The first story is being built Of
Wilmington blue granite from McElwee's quar-
riea, the work being done in the best style BY
Washington Cox. The window frames are made
with an elliptic, arched over with fire brick
pointed with black mortar. The second story 10
to be Of Iron and finished with French man.
ssrd roof. When finished 1t will be one Of the
handsomesl offices in the city.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

Some bankrupts, like horses, are never made
until they arc broken.
-Boyton is called " the rubber whale"
Minister Washburne will come home In the
fall
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

INCREASE OF BUsINEss.-City Treasurer Vim
sold &40O, 900 worth Of bonds, . larger amount
of money than the whole city debt four years
ago. million and . half Of money has passed
through his hands IN the shape Of bonds and
other receipts within one year. No wonder our
City Treasurer needs help.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

PEACHES TO THE WKsr.-The attention of
skinner, Of Cincinnati, in to days COMMERCIAL
Mr.. Skinner, who has been . quarter of . CEN
tury in the commission business, solicits ship
ments of peaches and pears from Delaware.
Mr.. A. p. W. Skinner, OF Middletown, will re-
ceive consignments for the above house.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19
The GcNeral Crop Prospect

The crop reports received at tho Agricultural
Department show that the corn crop throughout
the country is about 96 per cent OF an average.
and the wheat crop 90. The tobacco crop will
exceed the average about 20 per cent. There is
considerable increase in the wool clip, especially
in the South and West and on the Pacific Coast
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

BRIpaE REpAIRs.-Amos Sharpless, the Levy
Court Commissioner for Christiana Hundred IL
engaged in putting new wooden bridge OH the
old stone abutments across Little Mill creek
near the W. l. W. Il. II. Stephen Medill, Levy
Court Commissioner for Mill Creek Hundred Is
repairing the abutments Of the county bridge
across He'd Clay creek, at Wooddale.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

A dependant old man in New Orleans, upon
hearing his son say that work WAS scarce and
poorly paid. went out Of the house and shot him.
self, go Us to remove one burden.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

The NEW DAILY.-Handbills have been posted,
announcing that the new morning daily, 10 be
issued from tile Advertiser office, will appear on
Monday next. The editors staff. we are in
formed by one on it, will consist Of Chas. D.
Morgan, graduate Of the class Of 1874, Of Del
aware College, Is to be in charge Of the local
department.. Other names are mentioned in
connection with the reportorixl corps. T. Ell
wood Singley will be publisher, we understand.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19
COMMERCIAL PRINTIN COMPANY.

HOT WEATHER-WHE THE MER.
III curry hovers In the vicinity OF % degrees
everybody becomes much Interested In thernome-
r. and notice every variation of the temperature.
An extensive variety OF reliable thei mometers
adapted for oil purposes 1t moderate price, Of
&. BRlNGHURsT CO.,
Corner sixth and Market sEeeta
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

NIIDDLETowN IrEMs-[ From He Transcript.
Chas. Breasteu has resigned the Presidency OF
the Agricultural society and VIM. Il. Cochran
has been elected his successor.
E. W. Lockwood established free dspensary
for the furnishing of tramps with food on We'd
nesday last and fed 1870 of them. Others have
assisted and the charity has been keptup.
The II. II. Company has been compelled to
separate their telegraph office from that Of the
Western Union to obtain more room.
OF the 81 girls engaged in Philadelphia by Mr..
Sellers only Is have appeared and others are
wanted 80 as TO begin canning.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

ANOTHER HOTEL At OCEAN CrTY.-Tho Sails
bury Eastern Ssorenaan says 1t il reported that
Philadelphia capitalists intend to put up hotel
at Ocean City, upon magnificent scale to &C.
cy prices for the privilege Of staying on the Sea-
shore.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

PRoPoeYD BLAST FURNAoE.-The Chester Dali
" Neses reports that the erection Of blast fur
mace for making iron 10 under consideration in
that city, Oh . site near the Chester rolling
mile. 1t is authoritstively announced thst the
Reading Railroad Company will extend the same
aid and give the same facilities to iron establish
main line. The laid" we understand to be the
endorsement of their first mortgage bonds. At
Phoenixville, the bonds Of the Phoenix Iron Co.,
to the amount Of el.000, 900, have been guarsn-
teed, principal and interest, by the Railroad Co.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

WooDsTowN AoADEMY.-This institution, con-
Quoted BY A. @. Norris, A. NJ, and under the
care of Friends, inserts its card in tho TRIBUNE
this week. Send for catalogue.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

A Philadelphiam Drowned at Cape
May
CAPE MAY, August Thames Kennedy,
coachman employed by Joseph W. Lewis, Of
Germantown, got beyond his depth to-day while
bathing, and was drowned. He was ~ years Of
age, and is spoken Of in high terms by Mr..
Lewis, by whom he had been employed for
year. The body has not yet been recovered.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

Rev. Mr.. Meigs, at one time President OF Del.
aware College, has now an excellent family
school for young men and boys at Pottstown,
Penna. The 18th annual term will begin Sep
tember Sth. The location Is delightful. Circii-
lars can be had by addressing MIR. Meigs.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

PARTRIDaEs HATGHED IN TIE SUN.-Dufng
wheat harvest reaper in Hockessin Valley in
going over partridges nest, killed the mother.
Albert T. Williamson gathered up the eggs, and
taking them home, wrapped them up in : warm
cloth and laid them ont in the sun on . roof, and
and when the weather was wet and cool he kept
them warm by artificial heat. A few days ago,
the young birds made their appearance, and yes
terdsy he sent four of them down to John Nc
Cafferty, Of this city, to rai.e.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

A MINISTER RESIGNS HIS CHARaK.-Rev A ].
Snyder pastor Of the Olivet Presbyterian church,
has sent in his resignation, which has been ao-
cepted by the session Of Hanover church, by
which he WAS appointed pastor eight years ago.
The congregation Of Olivet will act upon the re-
signation on Friday evening, September Sd. No
special reason has been assigned by Mr.. Snyder
for resigning from the congregation with whom
he ia on very good termA
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

II. II. IMPROVEMENT ABOUT CoMPLETED.-The
work OF laying the double track Of the T. ". d
Is. r. r., below the Susequehanna, 10 now virtu-
ally completed. The iron in all laid, except at
Magnolia for the distance occupied by the sid
ing which it is not proposed to disturb, we un-
derstsnd, until the road 10 about ready to be
thrown open for travel. During this month the
new track will be ballasted, an opportunity a.
use about September lat. Construction trains
are passing over the new track but none others.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

OCEAN CrrY.-We very much question IL there
this season, with Wilmingtonians than Ocean
City. Almost daily there are persons from this
city who register there and at one time a. many
as fifty occupied rooms there Those who have
returned express the greatest satisfaction with
the place. and are prolific in their praises Of 1t.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

CHESTER ROLLING MlLLs.-These great works,
located on the Delaware, near the city Of Ches-
ter,are in full tide of successful operation They
are engaged on one lot Of 1900 tons OF iron plat
ing for the shipyards OF John Roach Son, and
have several smaller orders from New York and
Philadelphia. These rolling mills are producing
from 10 to 20 tons per day, and their operations
have marked effect upon the prosperity Of the
raiuhhnrbnod
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

Our old friend, o E. Palmer, Of Centreyille,
Md, 10 about to remove to Philadelphia, where
he will engage in the Produce Commission bust
ness, at $40 N. Water street. We wish him the
success he deserves.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

DEATH FRon LocKJAw.-Wm. P. litter, Of
Blackbird, Del, died from lockjaw on Sunday
last. About month ago Mr.. litter cut his foot
with an axe and it was thought to be . simple
matter until tetanic symptoms set in. MI. Tit
ter Was . young married farmer much respected
nv all VIM knaw him
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

KILLED ON TIE RAILROAD, Francis Melvin,
head-brakenan ON No. 8 Freight on the p. ". Il
B. r. r., was instantly killed about 7.45 O'Clock,
this morning. As the train was going South he
under Moodv's Bridge, = few hundred yards be.
low Delaware Junction, he was struck and
knocked OF with the result stated. The body
was picked up, put upon tho early passenger
train north and brought back to this city. Coro-
ner Groves has been notified and will hold an
inquest, this evening. Melvin was new en-
ployss on the road and came from Eastern
MARYLAND
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

HONE CAMp-MKETINo.-On Sabbath morning,
gin under large tent which will be erected on
the lot adjoining Epworth chapel. The tent
has already been secured. The meeting will con-
tinu0 n vaak
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

GIVEN Up As DEAD.-William McClelland, the
father-inlaw Of Richard Howes, Of Chester, who
has been missing since Monday Of last week,
says that ne and his family have gwen up all
hopes Of ever seeing Howes again. Mr.. Me-
Clelland 10 Of tho opinion that his son.in.law has
been foully dealt with.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

CRops IN KENT CoUNTY.-In long ride over
Kent county the Milford Nescs made . careful
observation Of the growing corn crop, now al
most mature, and is Of the opinion that 1t never
was excel'ed. There is scarcely field between
Milford and Dover that does not bid fair to yield
forty bushels to the acre, while some Of them
give promise Of twice this quantity.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

LID. Of Quincy, Mass, sends US card Of
Adams Academy which We insert In to-days pa
per. Charles Francis Adams Is chairman OF the
Board Of Managers. This institution opens Sep
temhNr 9th. Send for q catalogue.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

SUNDAY School INsrITuTE-On Wednesday
and Thursday, September 18th and 18th, eun.
day School Institute for Easton District, Will
nington Conference, will be held At Millirgton,
Kent county, Nd, under Conference auspices.
Rev. L. Etubba will conduct It,
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

The BOUNDARY DsPurE.-The death Of OK
Governor Graham at Saratogs will, 1t 10 sup
Commissioner to settle tho boundary line bo-
tween Maryland and Virginia.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

An ANIMATED HrrcHINa PosT.-At the Laurel
try drove up and hitched HIS horse to tho roar
end Of the mixed train, which was standing in
the station. Presently the whistle sounded and
the train started OF. its speed increasing that Of
tue terrified horse on behind. The owner was
greatly excited and in stentorian tones com.
manded the train to stop, but on it went with its
novel addition, and the old man was about to
conclude that Ills horse was gone forever, when
1t suddenly got tired Of that foolishness and with
. strong jerk broke the hitching strap aud was
free again The scene afforded much amusement
to the byatanders.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

rangements are being perfected for . demon
stration by the temperance people Of Cecil
county, to take place at Woodlswn camp
ground ON Thursday, August 49, Among tho
speakers engaged for the occasion are NJ. NJ.
Pomeroy, of New York, editor of Pomeroys DEM
ocrat; Hon. Judge Pearre Of Cumberland,
Nd; Rev. VIM. II. Bingham, Of Oxford
Pa, and others. rev. Henry Ward Beecher had
also boon invited to DO present, but letter from
Mrs. Beecher informs the committee that IL 1t
were In his power he would kindly meet them
~ desired, but that he 10 incapacitated from
travel or public speaking by the hay fever.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19
LOCAL NEWS.
The Daily Coe~escIal-Te Peach


All persons interested In the Peach crops In
any way, should subscribe for tho DAILY Con.
MElcIAL during tho shipping season. The
CoNxxRclAL gives it, reedsrs Geographic reports
Of the condition Of tho New York and Philadel-
phia markets, which will be found Of much In
terest and value. The markets up to noon are
published ct o'clock In the ate rnoon, and the
papers sent to subscribers oil over the Delaware
Peninsula. Send 80 cents for one month, post
age paid.
, The canneries have very generally begun op-
erations.
There's millions In the camp meetings down
the PeninsulA-of mosquitoes.
Rev. e. T. Kenney continues to improve and
his ultimate recovery 10 confidently anticipated.
Tho best peaches yet offered In this market
were grown on the farm Of Chas D. Lore, in
Somerset.
Mrs. Levi Todd is said to no in fair way Of
recovery from tho injuries sustained in her late
runaway accident.
A good peach crop makes . demand for vari-
o Is articles. W. G. Phillips 4 Bro, Of Green
bank, have made over one thousand peach lad
ders, thissseason.
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

BATHING SPONGE OF FINE QUAIL
ID ITY In iarSe, medium and mall pieces Also
ons Toilet Sponge. For sale ~
Z bRiN0HURST co.
Coz. Sixth NAkket Sta
Delaware tribune. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1867-1877, 1875-08-19

nAILY LINE TO NEW YORK.
VIA LEwEs.
Sleuw,shIp GEO. w. ELDEH,
1850 Il ns, CAPT. REED.
steamship RICHMOND,
1870 Tons, GAIT. KELLEY.
On aud after August I'd, 1916, during the peach
season one Of the above new and first class iron
steamships will leave Le~eI every dav except SUM-
day. on arrival OF afternoon traln at so p. M,
reaching New York city next morning. in ample
time for the early ma ktt. Delivery of pesches and
other fruit wi be commenced immediately on arri-
val OF the ship, on The Old Do1nin Conpany's
large covered pier, No 81 >Orh sver, foot OF beach
str ct which IL convenient TO II nit receivers and to
washington Market. Trains Will run daily from
Snow Hill, arr gton, and intermediate points to
Lewes to connect with the above namt d steamers.
FOR PROVIDENCE, BOSTON, ETC.
The steamship Albemdrie CONNIE ncing August
7th. 1878 will he dispatched from Lewes every Sat-
urday at 4P. NJ for Providence, landing fruit there
on sun lay night, making connections for Boston,
Fall River, Newport, Worcester and other eastern
Cries
sN-An freight for Providence, Boston and ether
eastern points MUST he PRE-iAiD
Additional steamers will te run 10 New York and
Providence, IS needed
Elegant passenger acc mmoia ions on all
steamers,
For further informatl,a apply to Station agents,
or to 4. BROWN,
q. n Frt. and pa g. ACT. j ~, - W. Il Il.
H. A. 30 SNE, sGpt q. u =. 90
III S GROOM, 'u7t J. q r, lro,d.
JOIN l.. NJ fES supt b. n +, 4 W, X, Il. 20.
jy2s.Itw
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-10-16
humboldt Items.
Irrom the silver State, October is.l

Two tea trains agGrcgating thirty. six
cars passed hero this morning.
Lieutenant Governor Adams passed
here on yesterdays train, bound for
Carson. For the last month he has
been engaged in auditing and examining
claims arising out Of tho late Indian
alarm In tho Eastern part Of tho State.
The renowned Emerson Minstrel
Troupe passed here on yesterdays train
bound for San Francisco. It consists
OF thirteen persons, under the leader.
ship of Billy Emerson. whose fame m q
delineator Of negro character il world.
wide.
Wells, Fargo X Co. shipped yesterday
to San Francisco $3i, jog 80 In bullion
received from the north. OF thi,
amount 5000 In silver bars was 70.
csived from Silver City. The mills In
that vicinity are nearly all working tc
their full capacity nj present. AMI turn
ing out more bullion than at any TINT
during the Summer.
A pieco OF ore from tho Byron ledge,
recently discovered in Humboldt Dis
trict, and alluded to at length In yestsr
days Suru Slak. has been sent us by Q
friend nj tho Humboldt House. II IL Al
excellent piece Of ore. literally coveret
with FREQ gold and also rich In silver
The specimen In represented as being {
fair average Of the ledge, and II It's. III,
l--1- 1--.-.- Ill II
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-10-16
Negroes. Assaulted by whites.
Musical Seance.
Irrom The OAKLAND Transcript. Oct. ISL

Iron the OAKLAND Transcript Oct is.l
II n could believe In Spiritnalism.
he might readily imagine that Jesse
Shepard had assistance from tho spirits
during his rather remarkable perform.
ance at Tubbs' Hotel ON ! evening oi
Thursday, October 18Th. The beautiful
parlors were crowded by the elito OF
Oakland. and thore were soine cnthu-
siasts from San Francisco present. MIR.
Sheppard commenced the evenings on
tertainment by announcing that oil who
desired to talk or whisper could do so
before no played or leave tho rooni. Ito
indul9ed in peremptory commands
throughout b entire evening" u u
was astonishing 10 observe how saoinis-
sive ms auditors were. inc ihs.ru.
mental selections, especially the his'
three numbers. were net worthy OF note,
but his vocalism CpreWous 10 singing
no ortiersd the gas 10 DO sxunguisheul
showed that he was expert IN the use OF
what Is known as falsetto notes:
His natural voice ~ OF ths baritone
order anu properly used would % goou'
80 =,
MO Laurie no SAID IL was 10 % gwen
IN u q oeen sung ny tho iamented
Catharino hays-us q IL her
bones were not turncd-tho nigh notes
which he sustained well aud long was
tho only extraordinary feature OF MS
rendering OF the song. lilo
in III most egotisticai manner that he
had performed before all the crownea
heads, n q ever oeen received win
enthusiasm. He had not he SAIL been
in the habit OF performing In crowds,
but had only favored about twenty-five
persons 1t Two dollars per mead. ne
disliked crowds; they were not snihci.
emily attentive. Al the conclusion OF
the musical foast ~, tho adonis Shep-
hard tho has a ino presence, only
marred by his overlooking and effemi'
nate mannerisms) said no did not care
whether the audience thought the music
which had been given N from GOD,
man or the dewitt was nus own ana no
n else's. The last numoer OF Ills pro-
gramme WAS the Egyptian Mafen,
sounds which ne eiieiteu IRON the piano,
forte appeared TO come rom wires anu
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-10-16
Death Of Abe Edalnutou.

The Life Of Abe Edgington ioatsd out
with the ebb tide upon the Unknown
Sea yesterday morning. His many
friends wore expecting his anal depart
urc, and mono were surprised whom the
news was flashed over tho wires from
Sacramento, where Abe sought his last
resting place on Garth. II q life Of un-
remitting toll. constant devotion To duty,
q keen sense Of honor that acknowlsd-
god all rightful obligations. and possess.
Ing q hand that Charity never appealed
TO In vain constitutes q great life, then
Abe Edgngton's was one; and now that
Il has passed away forever, we shall be
the o conscious OF the great loss We
have sustained tho longer we linger be-
hind him. AL OF Us know that Abe
Edgington has occupied q position OF
great trust and responsibility-that OF
Superintendent OF the Unio~ Mill and
MiningC ompany-since its organization.
His capacity was undoubted, and his ad-
m~inistration OF tho affairs Of the CON-
pany exhibited remarkable fidelity and
great adaptability to tho duties Of his
office. He performed almost herculean
labors long after the disease which car
ried him of had made itself definitely
known to him. lie had boon aware for
years that pulmonary consumption had
marked him for It's own. and declared
that there was nothing known to the
mdteria meiioa which could ave him.
lie had been In the habit Of frequently
convcrsing with his most intimate
friends In this way for tho last few
years OF his life; but" no would odd,
81 do not soc amy reason why, because
/ am going away from you n OF these
days. that | should not work In the
meantime" Aud no did his work thor.
oughly until o few months past, when
he resigned his position aud q successor
was appointed in his place. AL Of the
friends OF poor Abe know something OF
his sufferings for the past few months;
have watched his gradual decline, aud
have perhaps co~mplimented him upon
his improved appearance. when wo
knew that no was rapidly passing sway.
but one OF these congratulations
cheered him In the least, for he knew
far better than all others that he was
approaching the end OF LIES journey.
And now that he Is gono. there Is a va
cancy In many hearts. There 10 n In
the heart OF the true aud devoted wife
no has left behind; in tho heart Of his
beloved s~tep-daughter; In tho heart Of
his half.brother. Frank Mccullough.
and In that Of his hall. sister Mrs. Ham
ilton. and In those OF the thousands Of
living men and women who know and
loved and honored Abe Edgington. The
remains OF deceased will DO brought
back to Storey county for final inter
mcnt. Mr.. Edgington was o Mason,
aud had received its highest degree, that
Of knight Templar. Tho esteeni In
which he wa universally held will
probably cause tho greatest funeral pro-
cession which has ever occurred In
Storey county. We believe Mr.. Edg-
ington was q native Of Stcubenyille.
Ohio. and that his ago was about forty
seven years.-Carson appeal, Oct. 1G.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-10-16
NAVAL r0MrHlrY.

. an, na,-
:, r..,n,,.. 900
a, ho,h
r,--n.....,a
anu .,,n al. ,oI,ym.n,
TN. 80. NJ
u.,.h NOR, n.ue,;,;ou.
., .~,;,n.,,. anil ,h.;,
-. q, mora ,i,;d in Jiscip,ius
:, uni. can a, a,,.
- =. ...
huo.,.,;. .,;,;, N.
IN an. ali t..h.
- .-.,,... ~, ,ow .mo,, ,hs
-, 80. =, .v.,x Ian, ,h.rs I.
--. =, 80 nm.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1875-10-16

Won MoLrxE Is reported 10 entertain
. Low opinion Of the results Of West
Point teaching. and to have said that
such an institution. by creating an aris-
tocrsey In the army. osstructed the nat
ural principle Of selection, which found
the best material for commanders in tho
ranks. His illustration took the form
Of saying that while the United States
had 10 choose from only 500 West Point
graduates, Germany had tho whole 5oo.-
900 men in her ranks to choose from.
This ID . very pleasing theory. but it
would BE- interesting to know just how
many Of tho commanders who have
illustrated Won Moltko's wise tactics
during the past ten years have risen
from the ranks.