davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14

the poor, spindliDg grass, IL has to die. l
believe the most profitable crop to grow IN
New England is grass we cannot compete
with the West in raising grain, but we can
beat them in making good butter and cheese,
and to do this we must have grass. My
plan is to haul out my manure in spring, ut
the rate Of fifty two.horse loads 10 the acre,
turn under and plant corn, fodder corn, pota-
toes, turnips or bsets, for home consumption,
and in the fall, after my crops are oil, Plow,
harrow, and get the stones off, aud seed it
down. In that way thepiece is out Of grass
but one year. One reason have for seed
ing in the fall is, that in spring it is geuer.
ally too wet to get in the seed quick enough.
Sowing in fall gives il a chance 10 get well
along before our hot, dry weather in June.
Seeding iu fall gives time to get off the stones
aud work the land down smooth, and get It
in better shape than you could in spring. /
SOW one bushel of timothy aud ten pounds of
red top, TO the acre, and roll it in, aud in
spring, on the last snow or soon after, SOW
twenty pounds of clover seed 70 the acre,
and the frost coming out, and spring rains,
will cover it aud it will do nicely. l have
never failed in getting good catch and
large crop Of hay the following August or
September. 1 think heavy seeding of grass
is best, as the hay is fner and of better quail
ity, and gives more perfect sward. Two
years ago my neighbOrs that seeded with
grain lost their grass seed Mine came on
and | got a good crop Of hay. Hay cut
from such pieces is extra for cows in milk.
l have talked with a number of farmers
about seeding without grain, and they say l
must have straw to bed my horses and pigs,
and it is handy to have few oats to feed.
If they would spend the same time in getting
brakes and wild grasses in their pastures
that they do for grain they would get twice
as much bedding, and help the pasture, and
enrich the mow;ngs. As for a few oats, l
would rather have meal aud middlings in every
place. believe if every Oat in New Eng
land had been lost ten years ago, with the
exception OF seed for soiling crop, we
should be better off, have been thinking
of breaking up two or three acres in August
next, manure On top, work well, and seed
down. would inquire if the readers of the
FARMER have tried this plan, and how it
succeeded. l should like to hear from my
brother farmers on this subject. hope
there will be more talk on grass and less on
thirty thousand dollar Shorthorn stock they
are luxury that very few can indulge in,
and if grass fails where are they?
YoUNG FARMER.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14

longer ascend with sufficient rapidity into
the branches, the latter die; as in many
peaches.
34S. This incomplete union between the
scion and its stock is owing to some consti-
tutional or organic difference in the two.
$40. Therefore, care should be taken
that, when plants are grated on one another,
their constitution should be as nearly as
possible identical.
$50. As adhesion Of only an imperfect
nature takes place when the scion and stock
are, to a certain degree, dissimilar in con-
stitution, 80 will no adhesion whatever occur
when their constitutional difference is very
decided.
351. Hence it is only species very near
ly allied to nature that can be grated on
each other.
352. As only similar tissues will unite,
il is necessary, in applying scion to the
stock, that similar parts should be carefully
adapted to each other as bark to bark, cam
blum TO cambium, alburnum to alburnum.
353. The second is more especially req
uisite, because it is through the cambium
that the woody matter sent downwards by
tho buus Inust pass anu alsO CaWblum
itself, being organizing matter in en- incipi-
ent state, will more readily form an adhesion
than any other part.
354. The same principles apply to buds,
which are to sOions precisely what eyes are
to cuttings.
1855. marching is the same with refer
to grating, that layering is with reference
IN STRIKING bv cuttin0s
1856. II serves to maintain the vitality of
q scion until it can form an adhesion with
its stock and must be considered the most
certain mode of grating.
357. 1t is probable that every species
of Towering plant, without exception, may be
multiplied by grating.
358. Nevertheless, there are many
species and even tribes that never have been
grated.
359. 1t has been found that in the vine
and the walnut this difficulty can be over
come by attention to their peculiar consti-
tutions and it is probable that the same
attention will remove supposed difficulties in
the case of other species.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
Som Q Dairy Talk.

At the meeting OF the dairymens associa-
ton at Montpelier, Prof. Il. b. Arnold, Sec-
retary of the American Dairymen's AssociA'
tion, read paper on " Butter and the Ben
efits Of Association
He said that at the commencement we
know but very little, and about all we do
know is mainly derived from others; men
become wise and learned about as bees gath
er honey-an item at time-and the sum
total constitutes a fund Of knowledge. The
invention of the telegraph was brought out
by degrees, and by the combination OF a
series Of inventions in relation to the magnet,
all eliminating in the discovery OF the fact
that the magnet could be 80 arranged as to
move lever and in this discovery, with
clumsy machine that cost 500, Prof Morse
left the discovery to others TO perfect. Prof
Cornell succeeded in perfecting machine
that cost but S25, aud they are now manu-
featured for ST, and machines that are oper'
ated by sound at a cost Of S3.5 so each. Thu
are we enabled TO surround the world with 9
thread Of telegraph that would have beer
impossible if the machines were to cost
500. .It-
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
How to Get Rich.

He had saved few hundred dollars be-
fore he was twenty-five years old, at which
time he bought farm, paying for what he
had, and then finding that he spent too
much time in cooking, he married a strong
healthy woman, leaving the bayfield, an
hour and half to have the cere mony per-
formed, when he returned to his work, and
his wife went into the kitchen to get dinner.
OF course they could not afford a bridal
trip nor any thing of the kind, nor could
they afford to have children, and they lived
forty years blessed with health, working all
day long, wet or dry, out doors and in.
Churning, wood-sawing and shelling corn
were done after dark.
They always had apple sauce and never
wanted butter ; salt pork answered instead
Of beef or fish potatoes instead of eggs;
they drank thoroughwort and catnip tea, and
soaked their feet in warm water. Of books
they had no need because they had no time
to read, though they made out to read the
tracts given them so nothing might be lost.
They never attended church because they had
money which they could worship, and they
could not afford to give to the poor some
day. For quarter of q century he hauled
hay twenty miles to market, getting So to
$40 ton, all of which was saved, since he
carried his victuals in a round box, and bed
clothes, so that he could sleep in the wagon.
Ten years ago he was sixty years old, and
he was SO crippled in various ways with
hard work, having varicOse veins and rup-
lures and some other little things, and their
farm, which had become the best in the
county, was sold, bringing over $4,000,
aud this with their extra stock made up a
value Of over $4,000, all of which was put
into government bonds, and then they were
making money faster than ever He bought
a small piece of twenty acres of choice land,
which they worked to the best advantage,
keeping COWS, hogs and poultry. He is now
seventy. They rise every day at o'clock,
when he goes to work, allowing himself half
an hour at noon, returns from work at dark,
milks, feeds the hogs, churns, shells corn,
and pursues the even tenor of his way. In
every particular she is his mate, the house
is neat and comfortable, no little children to
get things out of order, visitors seldom ap-
pear, but if they do the food is extra !;
almost as good as they have at home. Now
the shadows are falling, the light of life
begins to glimmer, but they are rich, and
why should they not be happy But there
is one drawback. What is to become OF
their money ?-Neao York Tribune.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
Principles Of Horticulture.
XIV. ScIONs.

1885. A scion is cutting which is eaus.
cd to grow upon another plant, and not in
the earth
1856. Scions are of two sorts scions
properly so called, and buds.
337. Whatever is true of cuttings is
true also of scions, all circumstances being
equal
33S. When a scion is adapted to another
plant, it attracts fluid from it for the nour-
ishment of its leaf.buds until they can feed
themselves.
339. Its leaf-buds, thus fed, gradually
grow upwards into branches, and send woody
matter downwards, which is analogous to
roots.
$40. At the same time, the cellular
substance Of the scion and Its stock adheres,
so as to form complete organic union.
BAL. The woody matter descending from
the bud passes through the cellular substance
into the stock, where it occupies the same
situation as would have been occupied by
woody matter supplied by buds belonging to
the stock itself.
342. Once united, the scion covers the
wood of the stock with new wood, and causes
the production Of new roots.
343. But the character Of the woody
matter sent down by the scion over the woOC
of the stock being determined by the cellulal
substance, which has exclusively hori'
zontal development, it follows that the wooC
Of the stock will always remain apparently
tho same, although it is furnished by tn
scion. r.
344. Some sciOns will grow upon a stool
without being able to transmit any wood.
matter into it as some Cacti, ...
345. When this happens, the adhesion
Of the two takes place by the cellular sub
stance only, and the union is so imperfect
that slight degree Of violence sufices Il
dlssever them.
SAG. And in such cases the buds ar
fed by thOir woody matter, which absorb
the ascending sap from the stock at tn
point where the adhesion has occurred an'
the latter. never augmeuting in diamete
is finally overgrown by the scion.
BAT. When, in such instances, the com
munication between the stock and the soiO
is 50 much interrupted that the sap can =
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
Does it Pay to Keep Hens?

Owing to the dove-tailing, as it we're, of
one kind Of farm labor into another, it is
often difficult to ascertain accurately wheth-
er certain line of farming pays or not
Samuel Morgan, Of Noank, Ct, distin-
guished and successful farmer, says: On
Jan. l, 1874, began with AZ hens, and kept
them until the end of the year. keep nei-
ther turkeys, ducks nor pigeons, so that the
grain fed to my hens has been entirely con-
sumed by them. l took sole care of them,
gathering the eggs each night, 50 that can
give the number Of eggs produced on each of
the 365 days; the eggs and chickens, wheth-
er sold or consumed in the family, are ac-
counted for at the actual market price. The
record is as follows:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
Seeding With or Without Grain.

You have often invited practical farmers
to write communications for the Farmer, and
have formed great many resolutions to
do so, and as often broken them but as this
question of seeding land to grass is one Of
great importance, and l have practiced
method have not seen described Of late, L
will endeavor not to break my last resolution
to write out my experience.
In seeding ground to grass, have, for the
last ten years, practiced stocking in the corn
My practice is TO turn over piece Of bound
out grass, turning it about seven or eight
inches deep, as fiat as possible; then manure
with about forty loads Of barnyard manure
to the acre mix it thoroughly with the soil
with cultivator and harrow, and when we'll
pulverized, mark the rows three feet and six
inches apart each way, and plantto corn, TAX
ing pains to sink the hills SO that when the
corn is covered the hills will be no higher
than the rest of the ground. The first time
hoeing, run the cultivator between the rows
both ways aud not hill up around the corn
at all. At the second time of hoeing | pre-
fer to cultivate again both ways and hoe
without hilling, or rather, stir the dirt
around the corn without hauling any more
around it than take away. After the corr
is hood, SOW the grass seed, by commencing
on one side and SOW back and forth until the
piece is finished have two hands follow
me with rakes and rake in the seed as fasi
as sown.
This may look, to one that has nevel
tried it, like great undertaking, but two
men with rakes will rake the ground over al
fast as one man can SOW the grass seed. l
is better to SOW the seed as soon as possible
after the corn is hoed, while the ground i
light, if possible before the rain falls OF
the ground to make it hard. If hAv,
large pieces, SOW and rake it about as fas
as It is hOed, not waiting to finish hOein
the whole field before sowing the seed
have sown the seed before commencing
cultivate the corn the second time, but d
not think get the seed into the ground a
evenly as in the way have described.
,nBy managing this way the seed is e
into the ground about the time nature d
signed or little earlier, the last Of june Q
tho first of July. When We take into cousit
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
On Potatoes.

1t is a mistake to experiment with all va
rieties alike, and expect the like results.
For instance take the old Early Blue and
the Black Calico, cut large set from the
seed end of each, plant them, giving each
good and equal chances to grow, and the
results will be : the Early Blue set will send
up but one stock, aud the potato, when
grown, will be surprisingly large the Calico
set will send from every eye a stalk, the pro-
duct of which when grown will be multi
tude ofsmall ones. Here is like treatment
with opposite results. Again, take large sets
having but one eye from the middle parts
Of these plant, giving them good and equal
chances; the potatoes grown will be about
average size. Whole potatoes should never
be planted unless small ones are desired.
The farmer who is determined to succeed
will choose only the kernels from the CEN
trail part of corn, wheat and barley the
largest and best developed kernels of oats,
buckwheat and other grains for seed, reject
ing all inferior qualities. Potatoes should
be treated by the same rule, except those
kinds which, like the Early Blue, though
each set may have a number of eyes, yet
perhaps grow but one stalk, as the strongest
eye will engrOss all the vegetative principle
of the set Those kinds Of potatoes whose
every eye will grow should have the end cut
of and rejected, the remainder cut in sets
having but one or two eyes each.
If farmers will practice on the above
hints, with their favorite potatoes, they will
find how to raise large or small potatoes
almost at will. Not only SO, but a decided
and important improvement will be obtained
an planting only from the largest, soundest
byd best deyeloped-COr. Maine Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
For the VERMONT FARMER.
A Lesson of Patience.


l remember once hearing farmer say
that when he wished to try boy before hir-
ing him for a summers work, he put him to
turning the grindstOne to grind new scythe
or an old axe to see how we'll he would hang
to it, or how impatiently he would look for
some dodge for release. One other test OF
the same fidelity would propose might be
to put him to churning with the cup and
down" dasher churn, to see whether he
would stick to the churning to completion or
leave it for his considerate mother to finish.
have just finished churning the weeks
cream of my pet Jersey COW. Not pretend
ing to use a great amount of milk and cream
for the family, to make a big story, but have
given the calf full feed Of sweet skim milk,
and have just weighed twelve pounds Of Jer-
sey butter. The calf is nearly three weeks
old-her second calf. The COW is now five
years old. She went dry four months in the
winter had some carrots while dry, and
now has May 81 in the barn, peck of car
rots in the morning, and in the afternoon four
quarts of buckwheat meal, cooked along with
hay.
1t is to-day wintry day, too cold, and
the snow too deep, to work out Of doors,
freezing now at noon, and snow four feet
deep on the most of my garden.
have sent four bushels Of Lost Nation
wheat to Randolph, VT, but it is too late fol
any more. One neighbOr last year, hoping
to get 80 bushels from an acre, got 46
another setting it at 90 got 43.
M. II. KEEP.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
For the vERNoNT FARMER.
Grating Wax.

Cole rec ommends A parts rosin, 2 parts
beeswax, part tallow. This makes a very
good wax, easily worked in warm weather,
and which in cold day can be sOftened to
the required consistency by working in q
sufficient quantity Oflard.
Wax should never be spread when too
hard, but grating can be done in quite cold
weather if care is taken to soften the wax.
This can be done after fashion by keeping
the wax in warm water, but better way is
to first soften the wax in warm water and
while it is soft to work in the required
amount of lard, after which the warm water
can be dispensed with. TOMLIasoN.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
Pen Spa tiers.

"And still he spelled, and stilf the wonder grew,
How one small head could carry all he knew"
1t is an extraordinary fact that when peo-
pie come 10 what is commonly called high
words they generally use low language.
According to an Auburn paper, they are
going to put up in that city an addition to
their seminary +" to accommodate eighty stu
dents 300 feet long"
A Scotch divine recently praying said:
40 Lord, give unto US neither poverty nor
riches" and pausing solemnly moment, he
added, especially poverty"
Said pompous husband, whose wife had
stolen M behind and gwen him kiss "Mad-
am, consider such an act indecorous.n
Excuse me- said the wife; 81 didn't know
II was you"
At q recent wedding. according to a Lon
don paper, "the bride walked on the arm
of her father" We fancy the bridegroom
must have been little alarmed to see such
an Acrnbatic performance. ......-
Some time-honored proverbial sayings
need revision to suit the age. For instance,
''Boys will be boysn is entirely wrong, for
every body knows that they endeavor to ap-
pear like men as much and as soon as possi-
BILE. ssE. ...r..
"Ah," said a Sunday-school teacher-"ah,
Caroline Jones, what do you think you would
have been without your good father and pi-
Gus motherP" ~ suppose mum" said Caro-
line, who was very much struck with this
soft appeal-"I suppose mum, as ] should
Aa' been horPhap,"
A Brooklyn lady, whose husband has an
unpleasant habit Of railing at her. has hit on
the plan of calling in her servants when he
begins to let out his temper, and then turn
ing to him and saying sweetly; "Now, nj!
dear, please go on with your remarks" Ill
doesn't go on, at least not as he began.
That was rather a touching alluSion to
deceased spouse, made recently by farmer
who came TO the village store to purchas,
things. "Can show you anything else to
dayP" politely asked the clerk. " No,
reckon not" replied the sad-looking custom
err 81 lost two horses aud my wife las
fall, and feel putty poor. Good span o
horses, too"
A funny joke and all the more palatabl
as its truth can be YOU ched for, says Ne'
Jerseypaper, occurred at prominent churcl
in that state. 1t seems that u worthy deaco
had been very industrious in selling ne'
church book, costing 75c. At the service
question the minister, just before dismissin
the congregation, rose and said "All ye VIII
have children to baptize will please 10 pr'
sent them next Sabbath" The deacon, VIII
by the way was q little deaf, having an ey
on selling the books, and supposing the pa'
tor was referring to them, immediatel
jumped mp and shouted; "Alh who haven
can get as many as you want by calling o
me, at 76e. each"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
For the VERMONT FARMER.
FISHING.


-SAffNNs
Runs brook amid the fields,
Meath its banks Of softest green;
In the water, clear and deep,
Schools Of fishes may be seen
Shooting swiftly here and there,
Or poised still like birds in air.
Down the hill and DER the fence,
With his pole and line In hand,
Comes youthful hsherman,-
HAppiest boy In all the land,
Whistling in score Of keys
Thrice as many melodiesi
Spicy bait in pepper-box,
Bonded pin and line Of thread.
Smooth.peeled rod from yonder hedge,
Enough's enough" how truly saidl
No more hsh than Johnny took
Could be caught with golden hook.
Bare feet in the bending grass,
BRtbed in drops Of morning dew,
Tattered hat on curly head -
wonder II twas ever newD
Johnny is a country boy,
Running Ger with country joy.
With q splash he drops his line
Right amongst the basking ash,
Suddenly Ills twining round
Willow tviEs, with taunting "sWish t"
See the anglers anxious look
At the swiftly clrellng hOokl
Little griefs soon turn to joy,
Little losses do not last;
Threads and pins, like days and years,
Are renewed as soon as passed.
Johnny's pockets are like Times
Full Of lines, that run In rhymes.
Up across the hot noon fields,
Barefoot Johnny laden goes,
On his little lifted face
Heat with honest effort glows.-
Fame, like FISH, is quickly caught,
When well-6lled pockets brought!
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14

GRAFTON that the fodder from an acre Of corn
that is well cured is worth more to feed to
cows or young stock than an acre Of grass is
at the first cutting, and that one hundred
bushels Of ears Of corn or fifty bushels Of
shelled corn to the acre is no more than an
average crop, let us ask ourselves had we
better SOW our ground 10 grass alone, or
plant to corn or some other green crop p
Cor. NetO England Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14
For the vERHoSr FARHER.
A LOVELY SHIP.

A ship was launched upon a sea
ofplacid waters bright,
Beneath sun that knows no clouds,
And moons that shine all night
Tho ship was finely, gaily riggd,
With spars, and sails Of love,
II went all lovingly TO sea,
Went cooing like dove.
The ship was strangely, quserly mAnn'd,
For so the record states,
It had no captain to direct,
Yet had two igUing mates.
The ship was built Of goodly stuff
And bound in clasps Of tOVe,
No ship Is like H. here below,
No duplicate above.
It's cargo all consists Of loUe,
Yea IoUe makes up its frsights,
II has no officers nor Grew,
Except two ioUiH0 mates.
No bark can match II on the seas,
For strength or speedy tripi
II has q modern, eoUrtIy name,
Pronounced, we and-" Courtshipi"
iiddIebary, MGrcA, 1875.
8. B. ROCKWELL.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14

SonISa Cows.-It will certainly pay to
judiciously soil COWS on a small farm: There
is no other way by which so much milk can
be produced on a given number Of acres.
When you have put your land in proper con-
ditiOn, COW can be kept upon One.half
acre for summer, and one acre for winter.
Even better than this has been done. Start
ing this late, prepare the ground well, and
SOW one-eigbth OF an acre Of oats thickly for
each COW as early as you can two or three
weeks after, SOW the same amount Of land
to oats for later cutting. Then prepare the
ground and SOW one-fourth acre Of corn for
each COW. This will probably leave a sur.
plus for winter feeding.-HOmestead.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-14

not materially iDjurs.iths butter. Several
other questions we're asked and answered, but
80 many were leaving 70 reach the afternoon
train that we we're unable 10 hear them.