The New York herald., 1875-03-26

aging over 300 eet. It Is proposed TO con1ne the
water course 70 100 feet leaving nearly 100 feet on
either side for emDauKments and promenades.
The river would be PROVIDED with locks and
sluces at Ponte Molle, which could be opened at
the mundation period TO relieve the pressure on
the new deviation, These sluices would likewise
permit OF a sufficient and regular quantity OF
water passing into the city for sanitary purposes
ana shut of the supply altogether whenever ex-
cavatons are 10 be made. Thls IN brief Is the
plan Tor rectifying the Tloer.
IRRIGATNG THE CAMPAGNA.
The other plan for irrigating the Campagna by a
supply canal from Tvoh To Ostia and the sea is a
scheme OF such gigantic dimensions that we must
defer an account OF 1t TO a separate letter.
Though noble project, IL should nevertheless
come only in a lesser degree into consideration at
present, although IL is included in General CARL
badi's plans. The plan first to De carried out is
evidently the creation OF the new port and harbor
In this scheme capitalists viii invest unhesitat
Ingy. The scheme Tor recufying the course Of the
Fber is very valuable one, out capitalists will
need guarantee from the city OF Rome before en-
gaging III IL IN iact, 40 not see where capital
ist can get any returns Tor his outlay. The rrga-
t!On and Improvement OF the Campagna are the
most difficult and wearisome tasks of all. These are
labOrs for Italy herself aud unless she guarantees
the interest Tor outlay win never be done, even
proJect. Fifty irrigaung canals through the dreary
U&mpagna may oe constructed. but unless the
government enacts wise laws Tor the preservation
d the mountain forests-the destruction of which
are the primary causes OF the nundations OF the
Campagna and the creation of the stagnant
swamps that dot taat whole country so many
breeding grounds Of pestllence-uness it compels
It's ignorant peasantry to preserve the groves
that are still remaining here and there, on The
Campagna-these radical measures for sudden
Improvement will be OF no use whatever.
Tne system Of irrigatlng the Campagna is a
method when reminds OF the doctors who
would remove the external signs OF disease by
cauterlzaton instead OF purifying the system and
arrestng the cause OF disease at the fountain
head.
GARIBALDI AS CENTRAL FIGURE IN THE HISTORY
or ITALY.
When Garibaldi entered Rome month ago,
after twentystx years absence from the scene OF
one OF his most arduous campaigns, he received
welcome that would have fattered a victorious
Emperor. The whole OF Rome went out 20 receive
him and give MIN welcome and some OF his more
ardent admirers even embarrassed the horses
rom the carriage and yoked themselves in their
places, and thus did Garlbaldl make triumphant
entry into the city about which his aspirations
and hopes always clung. To make Rome the
capital OF Italy and to make Italy free, these
are the ideas that have ruled his lie he sees
these ideas now accomplished facts, and he
sees the Vatican standing where it did Of yore,
and perhaps thinks still that Rome and Italy are
not Tree. VINO knows? We have nothing TO DO
with Garlbaldl now as the revoutionst, the liberia
tor of Italy; we see him now in Rome in another
character-in that Of q oeneiactor, rather than as
O political eader-ony now and then does se
make assauting speech against the dwelers
around 81. Peters. The old revolutionary spirit
has. you see not departed from the old hero but
It's lorce is thrown in another direction, not
against monarchies and despois and the Church,
but against the encroacnments OF malaras:
against the devastations of foods against the
arathy that has held the Italians too long. He is
gong TO make war with the Tiper and the Cam.
pagna, ana IN his campaign we must all, friend
and foe alike wish him success aud long life to see
all his projects carried into effect.
GARIBAIDI AS A DEPUTY.
Never was such welcome given TO member
IN taking his seat as was TO General Garibadt
when he made his appearance on the benches of
the Lett in the Italian Chamber. The deputies
in one body as he entered, and wnen the
oatn OF 1del1ty was administered to aim, and he
pronounced in sllver-c!ear notes "Gtaro" (I
swear'D, the enthusiasm In the house knew no
bounds. As H. said some one, they had expected
that he would not take the oath to the King and
-
ing mistrust about the Generals Intentions, 1t was
soon dissipared by the assurance from his own
lips that be was more desirous OF developing prof.
ects or great public utility than OF plung-
ing into political party schemes. The
Generals subsequent absence from the
Chamber except on Saturday when he supported
a Ministerial bill ior the sale OF useless old ships
oi-war ana the construction OF others or recent
model shows tnat he considers he can serve his
constituents better by forwarding the great
undertakings he now has at heart than. by handy
ing the shafts OF parliamentary oratory in the
Palace OF Monte Citorio. To drain, populate and
cultivate the vast waste known as the Roman
Campagna; to regulate tue course OF the Iiber In
such a way Gs to deliver Rome from tae danger or
inunda'ion ia future, and TO develop the CONNER
cla resources Of the city and province by direct
navigable communication with the sea--such are
the present objects OF GarioaIdi's very laudaole
ambition
THE LABOR BEFORE HIN.
The first project had lor centuries occupied the
speculative contemplation, occasionally budding
into inillatory efforts Of the Sovereign Pontins,
and the second was forced upon the urgent con-
sideration OF the Italian government by the dlsas-
trous nood OF 1901, winch desolated the city
during the very first winter since the accamation
OF Rome as the capital OF Italy The Popes were
unable to improve the condition OF the Camp pagna,
with the exception OF the partial draining OF the
Pontne Marshes By Plus W., and the Italian gov
ernment and the Roman municipality nave
neither effected nor attempted anything for the
rectldcation Of the Tlber. so tnat Garbaldi has
virgin soil before aim Tor both undertakings, each
gigantic IN US way, out more especially the drain
Ing and Improvement OF the Campagna, because
It's draining implies resident population, which
IL can never have until the air is rendered whole
'ome; while, on the other hand, the air will never
Oe saluorious until the soil is titled and inhab-
ted. vast triangle is the Campagna, now under
consideration with It's base. eghty-elght kilo-
metres long, on the sea, with It's apex toward the
the Appenines incosng a surface winch may be
estimated in round numbers az half a million
Of acres, vast part OF which is unnhabitable
during many months OF the year, much OF 1t hav-
ing degenerated into swamps and marshes