New-York tribune., 1875-11-29
APPLIED SCIENCE.

the rounds OF the technical press that the man
ufacf,re of rubber from the milk weed (asceicpia,)
has been undertaken by company in Canada with
largo capital. The milky Juice OF this family OF
plants is said to yield four per cent of caoutchouc.
GEoaGISE, A NEW YELLOW DYE.-A new yellow
dye has been named Georgine by Singer Of Journal.
II is said to be easily fixed upon all kinds Of ibers.
needing no mordant with silk and wool, but with
cotton recurring previous treatment with alum, or
passage through cold or lukewarm sumac bath.
For printing upon wool, cotton or haif-wool, II s
th'eksned witn gun az s fnstic an3 piSrja
acid and affords mi xed colors OF remarkable purity
with other dyestufs.
FoRTAKISG TRAcrNGs s--The following process has
lately been suggested One part by volume OF castor
oil should be dissolved ia two or three volumes OF
alcohol. and this solution applied To- the
paper with q brush. The spirit soon eyaporates,
leaving the paper transparent and ready for use
when finished. the paper is immersed in alcohol,
which dssolyes out the OIL, restoring tho
sheet to its original condition. Inc drawing may
afterward be completed In india INK or IN cOiors'
Tng (iR,MME ELECTRIC MACHISE.-The Gramms
magneto-electric machine has for some time been
employed for supplying light at the Houses Of Par
lament in London ana an idea Of its power may DO
gathered from the fact that it is worked by steam
engine at q distance Of $50 feet from the point at
which the light is produced, the current being con-
Quoted thither by copper wires lie OF an men In
diameter. The magnets in the machine are ar
ranged upon three massive rectangular blocks, and
make 3s9 revolutions per minute, at an expense OF
2 2s horse power, and give light equal TO over
5000 OF the English standard candles.
DYEING COTTON PURE BLUE.-The following il
suggested by B0ttger for dyeing cotton pure blue.
Heat a mixture of 1877 grains of Paris blue, 1877
grains OF tartaric acid one-half fluid ounce of am
monia water, and pig Guid ounces of water, and
filter after cooling. Add 10 the deep blue fltrate,
solution Of caustic soda, until IT is decoorzed and
after some time assumes light yellow tint. I'M
prcgnate the cotton with this solution, and pass II
best after allowing it to dry through warm, veIy
dilute solution of suphurc acid, and II will lmmedi-
atcy assume a beautiful blue color, and needs only
to be washed in water. The sulphuric acid may DO
so diluted that it has scarcely perceptiDle sour
taste.
CHARACTERISTICS oP THE WINDs.-Every ons
who has attempted, by the computation of thernio
or barrie wind roses to arrive at "A sharper character
Izaton of the pecuarties of the separate winds,
has fallen upon difficulty that has almost destroyed
his interest in such work which IS the perception
that frequently the same wind direction, az the same
time of the year. with quite opposite charac-
terlsics This discrepancy has received consider.
able eucidaion from Koppen, who, by careful
OF the synoptic weather charts OF EUROPE nas
shown that it makes great difference Wnother d
southwest wind, for instance, blows outward Iiom
a center of high pressure, or is drawn inward to
center OF low pressure.
CLARIFYING AN ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION OF Shell
LAc-Peltz found that after shaking thoroughly ono
holic solution of shellac the liquid separated on
standing few minutes, into AN upper layer OF
napltha containing the wax in the shelac and
lower one of clear solution of sheac with but little
adhering naphtha With solution of shellac m 20
per cent alcohol the two layers will form, as above
only after the addition of water so that alcohoi pc
row 90 PIN Pe shelIsa solution, clarified as above
however, IC'rrSs more brittle ana igss au5isJ
Il, .f 4 70 npp
pentina RanBne may be substituted lOr tno pcuo'
leum-naphtha with like results
VIBRATION OF FLUID CoLUMNs.-The 1aUt 80! .
column OF air can be set into longitudinal vibration
has suggested to Kundt the possibility Of producing
similar longitudinal vibrations in columns OF water
To this end he sets the tube containing the water in
vibration and finds that the of his expert
Inent depends principally upon removing from tho
liquid all traces of gas whether no the latter be abb
sorbed in the shape Of minute bubbles The gases
absorbed by the liquid partially driven out by
the vibrations, and appear as disturbing bubbles.
The sO-caIled tone figures of kundt can be shown IN
the vibrating columns of liquid rs well as OF those
i'm air. and can be used TO determine the velocity OF
sound in the liquid. II Is found that the thickness
of the glass tube has an influence on the velocity OF
SQUAD, such tht the thicker the tube the more rapid
is the propagation OF the sound wave.
DEEP SEA SoUSDING By PHoroGRAPHY.-Dr
Neumayer has presented to the Geographical Society
of Berlin remarkable Photographic apparatus for
determining the temperature and current-dirccton
NJ any particular depth in the ocean. Ii consists OF
a brass box, hermetcally closed, and having at
tached to it an apparatus resembling vane or rud-
der. Within this box Thermometer and magnetic
needle are contained behind each of which is placed
sensitive Photographic paper ana in front OF each OK
which ia small nitrogen vacuum tube. The box
contains also a snail induction coil When the ap-
paratus is lowered 10 the required depth, the rudder
causes it to take direction parallel 70 The current
there existing. and hence definite direction WITH
reference TO the needle within. The thern0ueter
acquires the temperature OF the water outside,
and becomes stationary. At this instant an electric
curreut Is sent 10 the box, which By means OF tbs
induction coil inside. lights up the little nitrogen
tube the violet light of which, photogTaphlcally
very intense, prints IN ab0nt three minutes, the po-
siton OF the needle and the hight OF the mercury
column upon the prepared paper. The current IS
then intcrmitted, the apparatus raised the photo
graphic tracing fixed, examined, and placed upon
record.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE on THE ST. LOUIS
BsIDGE.-In the construction of the great steel
bridge at ST. Louis with It's arches of 500 feet cal
culations and allowances were made for expansion
and contraction by heat aud cold, through range
of 40 Fahr. aud the calculated difference in tho
elevation of the center arch of the upper chord
above the City Directrix, the hottest day of Sum-
mer to the coldest day of Winter was about ls
inches. Ever since the completion of the bridge
the hight of the center piers of the top chords of the
arches above the City Drecrx has been noted almost
daily at temperatures which have ranged from % TO
10 Fahr., and with the following results:
ne hight is that of the pier OF the top chord
above the City Drectrix.)
Date. Temp, p. m. Hight IN feet
MAY q, 1874 .............. 90 Fahr. b3.JiS
June 20, 1S7J............ 10 Fahr. 63.6ss
July 20, 1S7I............ 9lo Fahr. 63.7oI
Jan A. s7j.............. 10c Fahr. 63.2f
Jan o. 1875. ............. 15o Fahr. 63.u65
Between the temperatures of the 10th of July
the hottest day OF last Summer) and the 9th of jan
uary the coolest day of last Winter there is a Gf
ference of 106' Fahr., and a difference in hight Of
0692 feet or nearly s6l6 inches. The actual effect
upon the structure, it will be observed from this
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