davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
The Democratic Party and the
Common Schools.

The Catholic Telegraph, the staunch
est Catholic journal in the West, pub
lished under the immediate supervis
ion of Archbishop Purcell, Of June 17tf
the day of the Democratic State Con
vention-said of the law under which
the common schools of the State exist
"That is the law of an intolerant per
prosecuting majority, and the gospe
of modern paganism. 1t is the law o
the highway robber, who takes the
purse of the defenseless traveller, and i!
strong enough to laugh at the punish
ment of law. 1t is the gospel tina
teaches the youth of this country tt
stif1e the voice of conscience, to be gov
erded by no higher authority than the
bludgeOn of the police, and to sneer al
religion as an effete superstition. 1t i;
the gospel that has blotted out almos
every trace of official honesty; that ha!
removed nearly every vestige of pub
lie virtue. It's a gospel a0hicA q decen
pagan of olde1a times a0ould haze bee,
ashamed to preach" ..
The Democratic State Convention
held on the same day this denuncia
ton of the school law was published
said in its platform, of the Republican
resolutions on the school question
which read:
Fourth-We stand by free education, oul
public school system, the taxation of all for it'
support, and no division of the schol fund.
Fffth-Under our Republican system Of
government there should be no connection, di
rect or indirect, between Church and State
and we oppose all legislation in the interest Of
any particular sect
That
''We denounce the Republican platform as
an insult to the intelligence of the people OF
Ohio and base appeal to sectarian preju-
dices." Nt
This is the fish thrown to the Catho-
lie whale, that induces the Telegraph
to adhere to its former assertion that
the "unbroken solid Catholic vote
wilI be given the Democratic party
this fall.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
Republican Platform.

The following platform was unanimously
adopted, without discussion:
The Republicans of Ohio, in Convention as
sembled, re-afiining the cardinal principles OF
their organization, which have become re,
reived maxims of policy, State and national,
declare on specific points the series OF sentl-
ments following:
First-The States are one as nation, and
all citizens are equal under the laws, and en-
titled to their fullest protection.
Second-That the policy of finance should
be steadily pursued which, without unnecessa
nv shock to business or trade, will ultimately
equalize the purchasing capacity of the coir
and paper dollar.
Third-We are in favor Of tariff for reve
nue., with incidental projection to American
industry.
Fourth-We stand by free education, ou
public school system, the taxation of all fol
its support, and no division of the schoo
fund.
Fifth-Under our republican system Of
government there should be no connection
direct or indirect, between Church and State
and we oppose all legislation in the interest oi
any particular sect. Upon this subject We
should not fail to profit by the experience o.
foreign governments, where the efforts OF tht
Church to control the State constitute an evi
OF great magIhtuuei anu cHudAScis 1AiC PO"Si
and prosperity of the people.
Sixth-We demand such a revision OF the
patent laws as will relieve industry from the
oppression of monopolies in administration.
Seventh-A grateful people can never cease
to remember the services of our soldiers anC
sailors. and it is due to them that hberalIty
and generosity should obtain in the adjustment
of pay and bounties.
Eighth-That we demand that the public
domain shall be scrupulously reserved for oc
cupancy by actual settlers.
Ninth-The determination of the govern
ment to collect the revenue, and prevent anc
punish frauds, has our unqualified approval.
Tenth-That the power of municipal corpo
rations to create debts should be restricted,
and local and other expenditures should be sc
reduced as to diminish taxation.
Eleventh-The observance of Washington:
example, in retiring at the close of second
Presidential term, will be in the future, as il
has been in the past, regarded as fundamen
tai rule in the unwritten law of the republic.
Twelfth-The distinguished success of his
administration, which, to the fame of the pa
triot and soldier has added that of the capa
BILE and judicious statesman, entities President
Grant to the gratitude of his countrymen.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
MORRISTOWN.

The recent rains have shortened the
elongated faces of the farmers in our
neighborhood, and the citizens are ju-
bilant thereat.
We regret to chronicle the sudden
death o. Mr.. d. Lynch. Thus our old
citizens passing away. His brother
Robert is here, after an absence of 19
years.
If love and kind wishes could have
retained the services of of Miss Harvey
as Teacher, in Cur midst, she would
have remained. To none could more
appropriately be ascribed the beautiful
lines
ssNone knew her but to love her,
None named her but to praise"
We are glad to learn that Miss Josie
Chapman is to be her successor.
Mrs. Ferrel of the Eagle Hotel, has
gone to visit her daughter, Mrs. Will
son, in Zanesville.
Many of our citizens are improving
their homes. We notice Mr.. Morris is
identifying the grounds about his
new house. Miss Conard adjoining has
had her cottage painted; the evergreens
and flowers which adorn her yard
greatly enhance the beauty of the street.
When Mrs. Harris, Messrs. Dunn and
Powers complete their residences the
'Nabobs Cn Church Street will still live
high and dry
Visitors scarce in our quiet village;
only two recent arrivals; Miss Granger,
of Fairmount, w. Va, is visiting her
Aunt, Mrs. Simpson, and a niece OF
Capt. Kirk, of Bellfontaine, Ohio.
Permit us to return our hearty thanks
to the Band for a fine serenade the eve
ming previous to the Festival given by
the young ladies for their benefit.
Twas feared the inclemency of the
weather would prevent a liberal pa
tronage, but we were glad to find a
goodly number present; we congratH-
late the ladies in their successful effort,
also the Band for the good music dis
coursed upon that occasion. Success
to them.
Mrs. Poole has raised twenty-one
Canary Birds this season..
SOLITAIRE NO. z.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
BRIDGEPORT AND VICINITY,

The colored people of Wheeling, Mt
large numbers to our place on Sabbath
last, and held a Union Sabbath School
Convention. Capt. Obe. Davis led
their music. Several speeches were
made, and altogether it was very cred.
liable.
Martins Ferry is preparing to cele'
brate the 4th on Saturday the I'd. Hi
ram Smith, Esq, with his accustomed
|liberality, has tehdered his grove fol
an old-fashioned holiday time. Let's
stir things up there with centennial
stick keeping an eye carefully on a
piece of lumber Bob Hays carries, lest
it stirs US up instead.
Weaccepted the courtesy of an invi.
tatiOn to accompany our Sir knights
on the 24th, and enjoy their hospitali.
ty. There were enough Knights pres.
ent in uniform to give the occasion q
spirited military send-off. They were
under the command of Capt. c. w.
Carroll. st. Clalrsville was represent
ed by w. S. Kennon, Sheriff Cochran,
G. II. Arick and Ryan. The Bell
aire and Ionic Lodges of Masons mar.
shalled by Mr.. Morgan, were out la
strong, and with the Sir Knights made
a fine street walk round. That earn
est, energetic Mason, G. Bippus, made
a warm-hearted welcome speech in
the banquet hall. Rev. Waters, OF
the M. E. Church, invoked the Divine
blessing; and Heatherington's CorDet
Band furnished the music, which we
regard as hard to beat. We tender
thanks to our friends for their bounti-
full civilities, and to Zeke Morris for
the loan of little modesty at the ia
BILE. The supper was superb, and en-
joyed by perhaps 500 people.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
PUBLIC REPORT
POLICEMAN.

1 have not enjoyed good heath for several
years past, yet have not allowed IL TO interfere
with my labor. Every one belonging TO The
laboring class knows the Inconvenience of be-
ing obliged to labor when the body, from de-
bllity almost refuses to do its daily task.
never was a believer in dosing with medicines;
but having heard the VEGETINE spoken OF so
highly. was determined to try ii, and shall
never regret that determination. AS a tonic
(which every one needs at some time) IL sur
passes any thing ever heard of. 1t invigor-
ates the whole system; it is a great cleanser
and purifier of the blood. There are many OF
my acquaintences who have taken 1t, and all
united in praise of its satisfactory effect.
Especially among the aged class OF people. 1,
imparts to them the one thing most needful
in old age-nights of calm, sweet repose, there
by strengthening the mind rs well as the
body One aged lady, who has been suffering
through life from scrofula, and has become
blind from its effects, having tried many
remedies with no favorable result. was In
duced by friends to try the VEGETINE. Aftel
taking few bottles, she obtained such great
relief that she expressed wish for her sight
that she might be able to look upon the mar
who had sent her such blessing.
Yours respectfully,
o. p. H. HODGE, Police Office, Station 6.
Boston, Mass, May 9 1861.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

WHEN the Republican party went
out of power in Texas, some three years
ago, there were in operation 2.O6S pub
lie schools, with 1925 teachers and
l27, ,672 pupils. Since that period, un-
der Democratic rule, the number of
schools has been reduced to 262, with a
corresponding decrease in the number
of teachers and scholars. Who says the
Democratic party is not party of pro-
press-back wards?
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
HEARTFELT PRAYER

ST. PAUL, Aug. =, I6UI.
II. r. STEVENS, Esq:
Dear Sir-I should be wanting in gratitude,
if tailed to acknowledge what the VEGETINE
has done fol me. was attacted about eleven
months since with Bronchitis, which settled
into Consumption l had night sweatS and
fever chills; was distressed for breath, and
frequently spit blood; was all emaciated very
weak. and SO low that my friends thought my
case hopeless.
was advised to make trial of the VEGEr-
INE, which, under the providence of God has
cured me. That he may bless the use If your
medicine to others, as he has 10 me, and that
his divine grave may attend you, is the beart-
felt prayer of your admlring humble servent
BENJAMIN PETIT Nj1ILII
P.S.-Mine is but one among the many cures
your medicine has effected in this place. b. p,
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
PONDS
EXTRACT

family can afford TO be with
ont Ponds Extract Accidents, Bruises.
Contusions, Cuts, Sprains, are relieved al
most instantly by external appllcatlon;-
Promptly relieves pains OF Burns, Scaids,
Excoriations, Chafings, Old Sores, Boils,
FeIons. Corns, etc. Arrests inflammation,
reduces swellings, stops bleeding, removes
discoloration and heals rapidly.
FEMALE EWEAKNESSES.-I always relieves
pain in the back and loins. fullness and
preseing pain in the head, nausea, vertigo.
IN tEUCORRHGA IL has no equal. All KINDS
of Ulcerations to which ladies are suDJect
are promptly cured. Full details In book
accompanying each bottle.
P1LES-Blind and Bleeding-meet prompt re-
lief and ready cure. No case, however
chronic or obstinate, can long resist Its
regular use,
VARICOSE VEINS-It is the only sure cure.
KIDNEY DlSEASES.-It has no equal for per-
manent cure
BLEEDING from any cause. For this IL is q
Specific. II has saved hundreds of lives
when AL other medicines failed to arrest
bleeding from Nose, stomach, Lungs and
elsewhere.
TOOTHACHE, Earache. Neuralgia, ahd Re u
matism are all alike relieved, and often
permently cured.
PONDS EXTRACT COMPANY, 9S Nader
Lane. New York.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

THE idea that the Democracy are
not in favor of secession is beautifully
illustrated by the action of the Nilsson
r; Constitutional Convention, rejecting
by a vote of 48 to resolution decla.
ring that neither State nor the Fed.
eral Government has the right to dis.
solve the Union. The vote embodied
a declaration of the right to secede.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

WHAT he did: During the war Gen
eral Cary, in speech in Pixies Opera
House, invoked Almighty God that
the "wombs of Southern women may
become barren, and the paps of those
giving suck be dried up" That seems
to have been the most the General did
toward suppressing the rebellion
T EUdnsvitLe Journal. ., t-..
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

THE reduction of the public debt
from June 80, 1866, to June 80, 1874, &C,
cording to Official figures, was $3.50, O,3O5,.
7O5,26. This is an average reduction
of nearly $72, ,OOO, 900 a year, 81 400, 900 a
week and 100000 a day. Can our
Democratic critics show a financial re,
cord equal to this?
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

THE Democrats should stuff the edi-
itor of the Toledo Catholic ReUie,0 with
greenbacks to keep him still. He
says: "The Catholic vote should be
cast solidly for the Democracy at the
coming election. 1t is the only possible
hone break to do,U7l the school system.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

ia kE notice that the late Democrat
ic State Convention, was not brave
enough to endorse directly or indirect
ly, the late Democratic Legislature.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

AND now comes the Chicago Times,
the leading Democratic paper in the
West, with this cruel thrust: "Soft
money and hard shell Democracy con-
stitute the incongruous platform upon
which William Allen proposes to rise
up in Ohio. There is danger that it
won't hold you, William"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

MARRIAGE LICENSES were issued du'
ring the week by the Probate Judge,
as follows:
James Gray and Hannah Craig.
VIM. IT. DUBOIS and Mary N. Close.
Cyrus A. Shouse and Jennie Mitch
ell.
David B. Workman and Lydia A.
Doty.
Scott iAcNickle and Mary e. Smith.
John w. Reed and Ella l.. Curley.
John A. Jeffers and Mary Z. Boyd.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

ACCORDING to the Democratic plat
form, it makes all the difference in the
world by whom doctrine is enunciat-
ed. 1t uffirms the undying determine
tion of the Democracy to sustain un-
sectarian schools, and yet denounces
the Republicans for avowing the same
Intention
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
MAKEIT PUBLIC.


Mr.. n. K. STEVENS, ESQ.,:
Dear Sir-I have have heard from many
sources OF the great success of NEGETINE in
cases of Scrofula rheumatism, Kidney Com>
plaint, Catarrh. and other diseases OF kindred
nature. l make no hesitation IL saving that
kTlo,C VEG ETINE to be the most reliable remedy
for Catarrh and General Debility.
My wife has been troubled with Catarrh ioI
many years. and at times very badly. She has
thoroughly tried every supposed remedy that
we could hear of, and with all this she has foI
several years been gradually grown worse and
the discharge from the head was excessive and
very offensive.
She was in this condition when she cons
menced TO take VEGErINE; could see she was
improving on the second bottle. She continued
taking the VEGETINE until she had used from
twelve to fifteen bottles. am now happy in
informing you and the public Of you choose 10
make IL public) that she is entirely cured and
VEG ETINE accomplished the cure after moths
ing else would. Hence feel justified in saying
that VEGETINE is the most reliable remedy
and would advise all suffering humanity tC
try, for believe it to be y good. honest, veget-
able medicine, and shall not hesitate to re-
commend it. am, &C, respectfully,
L. C. CARDELL.
Store ISL Broadway.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

CARY is in bad fix. He forfeited
the confidence and respect Of the tenn
perance people hong ago. Now the
anti-temperance people are down on
him. The way of the demagogue is
hard
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

THURMAN, when he ran for Cover
nor of Ohio, received 100000 votes and
was beaten. Allen received 1900
votes and was elected. This is the
way the Democrats have gained in
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

THE Cincinnati Volksblatt suggests
that the payment of the national debt
next autumn, in falling leaves, would
be material improvement of the infia-
ton programme of the Democrats.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

THIS is the best thing tie New Or
leans Republican ever said: "William
Allen is straight-out Democrat. He
is going straight out of Office"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
Has Entirely Cured Me.

Mr.. STEVENS:
Dear Sir-My daughter. after having a severe
aGtact of whooping cough was left in q feble
state of health. Being advised by friend SHE
tried the VEGETINE, and after using a few bot
Ties was fully restored to health.
have been great sufferer from Rheuma.
ttsm. have taken several bottles of the VET
say it has entirely cured me. have recon-.
mended the VEGETINE to others, with same
good results. 1t is great cleanser and purifier
of the blood; 1t is pleasant to take; and can
cheerfully recommend it.
JAMES MORSE, 1854 Athens st.
Sold by all Druggists and Dealers Everywhere
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

SENATOR MORTON will stump Ohio
or the Republicans.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

Ara Meeting of the Board of Direc-
tors of the Morristown School District,
the following resolutions were unani-
mously adopted:
WHEREAS, Miss l.. T. Harvey has
been connected with our School in the
capacity O: teacher for the past seven
teen years, and has voluntary declined
occupying such position in the future;
Therefore,
Resolced, 1st, That we recognize in
her lady of rare moral culture; high
Christian department, Jealous in every
good work, looking only to the good OF
those entrusted to her keeping, always
maintaininga high moral influence over
the department in which she so long
and faithfully labored.
ResOtred, End, That while we sincere
ly regret her loss as teacher, we feel
assured that she has gone from her Ia
bors here with the good will of all her
pupils and patrons, and earnestly hope
that the choicest blessings of Heaven
may attend her future pathway, and
that success in the future, as in the past,
may crown all her labors.
Resotued, 3rd, That we cordially re-
commend her as a teacher who is faith
full in the performance of all her duties,
loving and beloved by all her scholars
looking for their moral and intellect
ual advancement without sparing time
or labor.
A. STAGER, Pres't.
JOHN LYNN,
ISAIAH LEE,
VIM. CLARK,
J. w. LIPPINCOTT,
SAML. FENToN, Clerk.
MORRIsTONN, June %, 1875.
THE following business was transact
ed in the Probate Court during the
week ending on Tuesday:
Barclay Smith appointed guardian
of Mary Hodgin, imbecile- Bond $500.
Mary Bickham, appointed Executrix
of John Bickham, decd. Bond $500.
S. G. Bolon appointed administrator
of Josiah Bundy, decd. Bond $4,000:
Jas. L. Burley appointed admir- of
estate of VIM. Conaway, decd. Bond
S6U0.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
PROBATE COURT.

NOTICE is hereby given that the following
IN named Executors, Administrators ano
Vile, Ohio, their accounts and vouchers foe
settlement-to-wit:
A. P. Tallman assignee Of William Meek, as
signor.
Jenkinson Wright executor of Eliza Smith
deceased.
W. W. Lyme guardian of Harriet F. Taylor
R, g. Clark executor of Sarah Boring, deceased
Jacob G. and Sallie Elliott executors OF George
John and Jacob Keyser executors OF Jacob
Keyser, deceased.
VIM. X. Kiger guardian Of James Douglass,
David Scott admir- of Margaret 8. Mariner,
deceased.
J. Fl. Collins admir- Of Charlotte Bouiler, decd.
J. b. Smith guardian Of Margaret E. Shupe,
James A. Burson admir- of William Stewart,
John Twimen assignee of silas Hart. assignor.
Solomon Myers guardian Of Thomas Alexan-
der and Mary Z. Kent, minors.
Allen Bond and Asa Garretson executors OF
Joseph Bond, deceased.
Sarah J. Barnesguardian OF frank M. Wm M,
Maud NJ. and Allen ]. Barnes, wards.
John Hoge executor of Levi Hoge, deceased.
James F. Anderson admir- Of John Rankin
VIM. q. Mann guardian OF Nancy Bennett,
ward.
VIM. Mcfarland guardian Of John Hun, ward.
Robert Black ford admir- OF s. j. Weeks. late
guardian of Mary II. Weeks, ward.
J. J. Murphy executor oi Samuel FL. Murphy.
deceasei 1.
Eiwood Phillips guardian of Campsa Phillips,
Andrew Porterfeld guardian of Martha E.
Isaac Holloway guardian of Lyc argus Billings
ley, ward
ward.
Henry Cash guardian OF David Il. Winrod.
All of which will be for hearing and settle-
ment on the I'd day OF July, a: D. lM5
G. w. CARROLL.
In .,e l0-4w Probate Judge.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

SAM CAREY is called General on
account of his general unreliahiIity.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

VEGETINE acts directly upon the causes o.
these complaints. 1t invigorates and strength
ems the whole system, acts upon the secretive
organs, allays Inflammation, cleanses and
cures liberation, cures constipation, and regu-
lates the bowels.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01

From Dauchy & Co., Aduertising Ag'ts,
NelU York,
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1875-07-01
4ew Advertisements:

Sold by all Druggists and Dealers Everywhere
June l7-5W
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1875-07-09
Bsidge street, winnemucca.
Notice to Eondho'derS.

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEl THAT
~ there are now in the County treasury
of.numboldt county funds to redeem the ioI,
lowing described bonds of said county, ana
that in pursuance of an Act OF the Legislature
of the State of Nevada, entitled " an Act 10
authorize the Commissioned OF HUMP idt
county to Issue bonds 10 the amount Oh
$4,000 for the purpose of redeeminB bonds
heretofore issued, and to provide Tor me pay
ment OF such bonds" approved Marth =, isto'
said bonds will be redeemed upon present
alton to the County Treasurer OF iump1iat
County, Nevada. at his otiic@ in Wlnnemucca
Nevada; and further, that all interest on SAID
bonds will cease at the CNplration OF four
weeks tJuly 20. lS75,l from the date OF puoll-
cation OF this notice:
Nos. to 20 inclusive, issued November 20,
1873 for $3.50 each.
Nos. 81 to 30 inclusive, issued January D.
1874, for $500 each.
No. 81 issued January T. 1874, for $500.
Nos 81 to II inclusive, issued February 10,
1874 for $500 each. -
Nos ~ to 80 inclusive, issued February II,
Ia1i for $500 each
Nos "A to 81 inclusive, issued February IL,
1s74, for $500 each.
Nos 92 to 95 inclusive, issued February 2o
1874, for $500 each.
Nos. 96 To 100 inclusive, issued February 20,
1874, for $500 each.
A. J. SHEPARD,
ie22 iw County Treasurer.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1875-07-09
C.. A. GAY,
Street, WInnemucca,
Is prepared to do all kinds OF
Silversmithing and Repairing

NOLD AND SILVER PLATING. AND
g. Gold and Silver Mounting done; Fancy
fsair work. such as Watch Chains, Guards,
bracelets: and all kinds OF Hair Jewelry.
Lettering and Engraving done In tie very
best style Of the art.
Watches, Clocks. and all kinds OF Jewelry
Repaired; Guns, Revolvers and PISTOLS re-
stocked mended aud put III eooa oraer.
pona,rinp Sewing Machines also done.
Meerschaum Pipes neatly Mounted in Gold
or silver: Knifeblades reset in old handles;
H.vors Ground; Scissors sharpened Brazing.
Snlae,img and all kinds of work in my line Of
business neatly and promptly done.
"a JED 1m