, 1875-11-13
10 rudo system OF hisrotlypll!cs, which ho
draws upon a board. to mako himsoit unstor-


SPARKS OF SCIENCE.
TIE BRITISH SOCIAL. SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
The soctsl-sciencc Association Of Ene1noi re
Gently hold tts meetings At Drinso1 during whic1
variety of papers we're read aud discussed
The inaugural address, by Lord Aberdsre. treat
cd OF "Crlrne." Amoue others. Sir rharlc1
Iccd read paper upon =" Education IT; tht
Hon. G. @. Droderick on tue question " ilon
Can the Influence Of the Universities Ho MoH
Effectively Excitad 10 tho GonoEal Education o
the Country2" and aiias Sho1in OF the 1ues
ttou, Is Fair Proportion Of tho En.low'
ments Of the Country stsdo Applicable 10 Fen,a1s
Educatlan7 7"
One OF tho most interesting papers presencl
beforn the Association Was that of Dr. u. y,
Richardson. deacribing Al ideal "CltJ VI
1fcaltl." 4 full report OF tile address il pub
liahed in Nature. In his predatory rom1rks, the
author stated that, with ths rrogscas Of civil.'
xAtion, the value OF llfo had increased, aud tha
health and strength OF mankind had improved.
In England aud Franco. betwoon tue years
1850 and 1910. The gouosal mortality diminished
one-fourth. Tho deatlls In Franco Were IN 30
In the year 17s3; or, during the years from lsl7
to 1898, they weto in ~. or fourth lcs.. In
1880, out Of 100 newborn infants III Fratco 80
died In the first two wears IN tho period extond-
Ing from 1917 to 1927. only 3s died at tho came
ago.-Rn augmentation nj infaut lifo equal to 25
per cent. In 1880, ut leaa. Is pcr cent OF tho
chlldren dad before reaching tho age Of 10; in
the lkttar period. ~ per cent died, OF about n
nth less. IL 17ao. only 81 per cent Of tho pop
tor period, 80 per cent reached that term. III
1850, only 1t pct cent Of the population arrived
At co ye,rs; In tho latter pc.iod II por cent ut
tanned that age.
1, ,1,o
ganic strength and size OF tho n,onad n.'tian
aro augmented. pcrnn who tirrt used tho
uynsmomcser, or m1scpar-strcnRth moasurer,
determined by ts teslA that tie .tretath Of tho
!imba Of the natives Of Van Dicmcn'5 Laud aud
New Holland MAS ~ 50 degreca ot power. while
that Of the Frenchtnan was Gl. and OF tho En-
RahmAn u. 'The stalwart EnR1sl'nen Of to.
day can neither ret into the armot nor be placed
were accounted heroes Of the intantite fife nf
tho human world" During tho past trcfse
generations, or 40tl yeata. tho Development of
tenAc!ty OF life and Of vital power, hnd tho de-
crcasn Of disease and mortality, hHve been aston
iBhing. .
I'esti1onces." Bays Dr.. Richardson (which
dcciGaated populations. and which. llke tho great
plague Of London. destroyed TICS people in
single week. have lost their sirnlonco gaul-
fever has disappeared and orr gaols, once each
aplagnc-spot, havc become. by strange perver-
Ron of civilization. tho heaIth-apots of at least,
one Kingdom. Tie torn Black Death iB heard
no moro and agnc, from winch The London
physician once mnde fortune, IL now rare tax
evon on the skill Of ths haEd-"orked uuiou
medical officer"
And YET Dr. Richardson adds that no malat,y
once originated has ever died out, and that
many romain "a potent a. over. ''rhat wasting
fatal BcourGe. pulmonary consumption. il the
same in character ns nlion Ctc!ina Aufeltnnu+
gave it description; the cancer Of to-dnv If
tho cancer known to Pauius Eciumtn; tho Black
Death, though iss naInc In gone. ngcsa in nshlig-
raut tF0 thu III eat D,ArnH n{ AfItnnH in
modern great plague Of England, scarlet fever;
The dancing mania of tho Middle Ages aud con-
vu1eory epidemic OF Afontmartre. Bnbducd III its
violence, is still to hc seen in some Amer
In the No" Forest Of England: smallpox. when
the blosscd protection Ut vaccination is With
drawn. In thu eamo vlrulent destroyer as 1t Waa
whom tho Arabian nhazea defined i; ; ague Turks
yetsn onr own island, and, albeit tue physician
IL not enriched by 1t, Is IN no symptom changed
from the agile that CELSIUS Know 30 nell cho!-
era, in its modern representation. IL moro ter
rbe malady than !ta ancient type, in 80 far M wo
hayo knowledge Of 1t from ancient learning;
and even that fearful ecourEe tho great plague
Of Constantinople, the plague Ut halLucnatiou
and consulEion which ragged in tho fifth century
of our era. han, iu orr tine unler tho new
meningitis, been mot With horo aud in Frarce
and In massachusetts has, III the year 1878, laid
747 victims in tho dust"
ARCTIC EXPLORATION,
In paper On tho principles Of Arctic TX
plosation, read at the German Scientific and
Medical Association, BY Lieut.. Weyprechs, The
author maintains that tho Polar regions offer, in
certain Important respects, superior advantages
for tue observation OF natural phenoneua,-
magnetism. tho Aurora, ueteorology. zoology.
mud botany. IIo also contends that tho main
objects for which Polar expeditions lave thus
far been conducted-tla e1tenRjpn Gf geOgraphi-