, 1875-08-15

having neither straps or solings. Tho arst
coach seeo in England Was brought from Hot-
land ia 1858. Their msuufactura in England
WAS begun In Elizabeth's time, and they welo
then styled whirhcotes.
Cards sre Of ancient and Eastern origia, and
formed a afAyorite Amusement among tho Hlndoos
ind Chinese. They were pronght to Italy in
1879 Careluyzo saJs; "In the year 1879 vaa
brought into Viterho the game 1t cards. which
comes from the country OF the Sarxccna, aod I'd
wito them called naab- Cards had been IN uss
in France soma years before Charles VI went
mad; yet from the following entry In the nc
counts Of the Kings treasurer, dated 1885
. GlVen TO jocquemln Gtngonpem, painter, tor
three paeks OF carda, gilt and colorod, aud
ganoosly ofnsmonted Tor the use OF the Kipg,
they ware invented 10 divert the Kings
melancholy. 4 game essentially tho eano "a
modern chess was played nearly /, 600 years sxo
IN A1ndostan. Il was brought By the A1aha into
Spain, and thonca spread through Western
Europa Il was known in England prior to the
Norman conquest.
THE EARLIEST MODERN NEWSPAPERS,
It seems that to Italy tho world il indebted foz
the origin Of the newspaper Centurioa befo.e
the Christian e1a OF, to give the precise data so-
cording to the best authorities, 691 B. c., daily
Journal called the Acto Dfurna WAS pnbliehsd Ut
Rome. It Was not in the form OF the printed
paper sheet that is nowadays left ut every In
teIligent mans door in the early morning nor
WAS 1t issued IN copious editions and circulated
among the subscribers for = stipulated couAidar-
ation. The Ack1 Dlu,no Was \ public enterprise.
supported BY Government, aud the few copies
struck of in Latin script upon whlts wooden
tablets vera hung at conspicuous points in the
streets and tha frequented places OF the CITY,
and gave to the curious passar-by the latest in
teiligence OF current events. With tho downfall
OF tho Western Empire, journalism peEished.
and for upward OF q thousand dtearJ yesrs vse
ono Of the lost and forgotten arts
By Italian genius it wAs finally renred again.
and Venice waa the scene Of its second birth.
Thare ara now In tho Magliabechia Library Of
Florence thirty volumes OF the oldest modern
newspaper Of which We have any knowledge. Il
was enntled Gazetta ~ some Say, from the
word Gazzerd, signifying magpie or chattarar.
and, according to others, from the name Of tho
small coin for which the paper was sold. It waa'
published 1t Venice once . month by order at
tho Government, and continued TO b Uutteu IN
script. even after printing had been invented.
The lust number is datsd in the sixteenth centIt-
~. The earliest French journal, tho Gazefe Dc
France anewapaper still IN existence, ~e believe,
was edited by nAudot physician IN Paris. It sp~
peared as aeskly, the initial numbar being issued
ID April. lo5-~ IL Wan pakt0plzeQ ny IA0 h1D&%
Louis KILL, and contained at least one article
peuned By the Royal haud. It also entoyed th4
support 0! Cardinal Riche1iau-
The British Museum preserves some copies Of
= newspaper called the English Aercur1e, and
protesting to have bean printed under he
authority. Of Queen Elizabeth in 1858.
raada thus: "Tae English .Keuc.,.ie, published
by authoritie. for the prevention Of tn1se r.
ports, imprinted BY Christopher Basin1. He1
OF the Spantsn Armada, under the heading: "A
Journal Of what passed since the 11st Of this
mouth. between Her Majestie's feet aud thai Of
spayue, transmitted by tbs Lord Highe
Admiral to the Lo1dea Of Council
ished @ At At the date sod in tho % oir-
cumstnnces pretended. They have been proved
to be cleVer forgerlos executed about 17G6~ In
1922, during the reign Of James l., paper Ap-
peased under the title OF tho London Weekly
Cotrnnt. In 1643, in the time ct tha Otvil War.
variety Of publications claiming unvorthiay tha
Office and the name Of newspaper were Produc-
ed, but, in fact, the first genuine news journal
published in England was established BY Blr
Roger L'Estrange in 1865. It bore tbs nsme Of
the Puolic InkeIhqencer, and survived until the
London Gdze&ie was transferred from Oxford to
London, in February. 1866.
The first regular newspaper produced IN tho
United States WAS the Boston Ne.n$- Letter,
which appeared April q, 1704. In September,
1858, an enterpFiaog printer in Boston had un-
dertaken to start = newspaper, but tho frss
edition Was suppressed by the authorities, and
only one copy ia now known to exist.