, 1875-11-03

things, 1t has come up, by chance, to be of
the greatest benefit to mankind.
On account of the great calamities aris-
ing from the smallpox, the doctors studied
to find out remedies, if not exactly to keep
the sickness down, at least, to make it
milder and the epidemic less fatal. For
this purpose matter was taken from a mild
case and transplanted to another person as
is the case in vaccination. This was
called incubation. So far, SO good, the
inoculated generally got the sickness
mild too, but not always, and many eases
proved fatal +; the sickness was, also, not
subdued in this way, but much more
spread.
In the year 1869 attention was called, in
Germany, to the fact, that people, occu-
pied in milking cows, often got a kind ofpox
from them, like vaccine pustules, and not
the real smallpox /; but nothing further was
done before 1898, when an English doctor,
Edward Jenner, tried to transplant matter
from cow-poX into human individuals, and
from such into others. By degrees vaccin-
alton (vacca a cow became common in
several countries, and being enforced by
law, it had, IS is well known, the greatest
success,
In about 25 years all went on we'll
in countries, where vaccination was COM
mon, and nothing further was heard of
smallpox; but by degrees doctors COM
planned, that vaccination had lost its pro-
tecting power, and was not, exactly, to be
relied on any more, and hat the vac
cine-lymph ought to be refreshed from
COWS. This was done, but experience
showed, that p~ustules got in this way
were not at all different from those
taken from healthy children, and trans
planted to others, and that good vac.
cine-lymph from such is as protecting as
always. 1t must be remarked to the
public, who still call for cow-pox lymph,
that it is very difficult to get it genuine,
as the pox on COWS is vTy different
some genuine, some spurious, and like
wise, as in mankind, sometimes diff
cult to know.
Meanwhile many other trials have been
made, up to the last times for instance,
by retroyaccination, to apply .humanised
lymph from children to young healthy
calves, and from them to children etc.
At the so-called "Landboh6j skole" in
Copenhagen a great many trials have been
made by Decent V. Bay he has taken
lymph from children and inoculated calves,
real cow-pox lymph from a good case in
France, transplauted to unvqccinated per-
sons. In both ways he got most beautiful
pustules, from which he vaccinated q great
many and provided many doctors with
lymph. His proceedings and the conse.
quences are published in the veterinary
periodicals" of Copenhagen Of 1872. At
that city there is one of the first %vaccina-
ADMINISTRATIONS in the world, and besides
this there are 8 other interimistic insti-
buttons in full activity, partly using lymph
from children, partly humanised lymph
an lymph from cows, particularly from
Belgium. In brief, every thing has been
done to find out the best. The results
are, that humanised lymph, used from
child to.ehld in IS years, is as good as
any other, and commonly better than
that direct from the cow, as the pustules
from the latter are often small and IN
satisfactory.
Now for the questions, how long is
a person with good pustules protected 7
Is one good pustule as good as many
| think the questions are easy to
answer, at least the latter. There
can be no doubt, that many pustules, ripe
and nooturo tbo 7th dow f1I6l tho intontion