davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-27


lie opinion outside of Washington and so
perfectly justified by the excellent letter Of
Vice President Wilson and the presumed
views of Speaker Blaine and other republican
statesmen. Mr. Wilson publicly warned the
party that it cannot recover its lost power
and prestige by policy of rewards and pun
ishments or by party discipline" Those
republican members Of the House who defed
the caucus decree would seem to be of the
same opinion. Mr. Wilson asserted in his
letter that 'there are hundreds of thousands
in the republican party who cannot he seduced
by the Establishments of power nor be greatly
moved by the threats of disciplined" and
still again, he declared that there
politicians, who think they can govern
by the whip of party discipline, will find
that they cannot thus reach and con-
troll the independent men who struck the
lash from the hands Of the slave masters. 1"
This intrepid prophecy has been, in part
at least, speedily fulfilled, and the ex-
ample will encourage others. Mr. Wilson's
words, emphasized as they have been by the
recent revolt against caucus tyranny, sill
cause considerate republicans to hesitate and
stand back when the subsergient Grant leaders
attempt to apply the whip on which the Vice
President pours his contemptuous scora. The
republican members who refused to be hound
by the caucus have supplied examples to Mr..
Wilson's precepts, and it Is to be hoped tha
Others will rally around the standard of revolt
and convince the party that the caucus
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

The history of countries. the description Of
travels and adventures is dry reading, if the
Church or ChriHrian missions are in any
way mixed up with them. In the inner
life Of Christianity, comprising all that is
worth knowing of human knowledge, re-
vealed or reasoned out, they find nothing
to interest them. IL it not q wonder that
these people cannot see what it means to be
q CAthOlicf There needs no God IDcarnate,
30 Baptism no Heiy Eucharist, to make
sensualist, miner, an ambitious trickster,
or dreamy pleasure seeker. IfRehgion
is true, it is worthy of all our thoughts, il
must give shape to our entire life, and
therefore it's study is a matter of daily
and hourly concern from the dawn of rea-
SOD, to the repdipg of the soul from the
body at death.-Pittsburg Catholic Coiu"-
bi0u
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24
M1TcHELIs
NEW SERIES OF BIOGRAPHIES.
PUBLISHED BY
j: II. BUTLER 4 CO,
723 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.
oP1NIoNs OF THEIR MERITS.

OPINIONS OF THEIR MERITS
Of Piast~g, Penn.
Baltimore. Loyols College Sept G. lsSs.
have carefully iooked-evor the copy Of Mitehells
and find il 10 be . most excellent work.
From Very Res. Joseph Keller s. j. Prorinetal Of the
PrOriIsee Of Maryland.
have looked over MitchellS New intermediate
JOS. E. KELLER, s. j.
From Roc Brother Patrick Provincial Christian Bro.ers
Manhattan College N. z. Jan I 1870.
We have adopted Mitchels New Se.ies OF Geogra-
phes in all our schools in preference to all Others
III @"' 'D''''' with BEoTa iiS si FaTR:cK
Prov. Christian Brothers.
From The Redempto,lsti Of Chicago, H.
,,,,o,.u,, St: Micbael,s Church, april 60 ls7r:
HtGh ell; GsSgraphies have been in use in all our
PETER ZIMMER, C. S. r
From the Sisters Of Charity.
School Of the Holy Name. Chicago.
We have used Mitchells Geographical Series for q
others
From Roc Geo F. Rastias Founder and Rector of the
Housc Of the Hinged Guardian.
House Angel Guardian Boston.
Ny preference and that Of all my teachers, is for
Mitchells Biographies.
Fr0"' HIS Grace tie Meet Roc Arehbi'hop Of Toronto,
We h1 Ss r. of
'''N '''''' ~ John JOSEPH LYNCH,
Archbishop of Toronto.
Given at St. Michaels Palace Toronto April s. ie72
From Hss Grace tAs Most Rsv ArshbAop of Ne.o York.
New York. July IL, 1872.
We cheerfully concur in the excellent recommends.
ttonS are edy given by many in favor of HItchella
GeogTaphies as revised and corrected By Keegan,
Archbishop of New York.
From His Grace the Most Rev AreAbishoper Cincinnati o.
Cincinnati, Ohio July "a 1871.
As Mitchell's Biographies highly approved of
by the most eminent Catholic educators Of the country
and have been ceaused from every thing offensive to
Catholic children by N. r. KeeRan, OF Chicago, we
end their in all schools preference
to any other text books on the subject.
John B. PURCELL,
Archbishop of Cincinnati.
For terms of introduction, address most convent
emit the Publishers,
NJ. r. KEEGAN,
se26 4m Az Twelfth Street. Chicago Ills
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

A CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR CONVERTING
IRON INTO STEEL.-The Wilmington
papers OF q late date describe an exhibf-
ton given by Pro. William Field, of that
city, of new process of converting cast
iron into steel by chemical process. The
process is probably a secret, but the
manipulation is described. Some hun
dreds of pounds of ordinary cast iron
were fret made, we suppose for purposes
of comparison, and then the molten iron
was taken in pots and ladies containing
from twenty to twenty FIVE pounds, and
the amalgam put into each. The
metal after being slowed was ready to be
cast in moulds, and in less than Ave
minutes after the amalgsm was put in
the iron was converted to steel. A num-
Der of articles were cast from the metal
a bar of railroad steel, horse shoes, a
razor and a plowshear. The tools were
said to be of the best quality. The news
papers report that the steel may be made
malleable by this process or as hard as is
desired. If a part of the carbon which
cast iron contains can be removed by
chemical means as described above, the
process will prove as valuable in opposi-
ton to the Bessemer, as the latter was
superior in most respect TO the process of
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

A general meeting of the Bavarian Union
of Labourers has resolved to present az
address to the King of Bavaria, in whicb
they supplicate him not to follow Prrss;o
by driving out the religious orders. Tho
address speaks out boldly in defence s,r az
Orders in the most energetic termI cd
points out especially that those WHIT, TisS
1920 SeG a arc , Sne eHees of the
T ...s vi S wei es oI EeHg 'ous in =
Sl- jus tS VI DaVala have
oIso Ueeseu VI Jug HHIns " PTTStstrve the
further demanded that they be ,ro.actaS
against the aggressiOns of the Press and
that the new heretics be not coPsideTed "a
Catholics by the Government.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

The enemy of souls has easy work in
the capture of those who see nothing to
interest them in works of religious in
struction, after they have made their
First Communion. They surrender the
whole field to Satan az soon as they ina
CINE that they have learned all they need
to know 10 getting the little cAtechism by
heart. The fact 10, that the study of
those truths which guide moral conduct lie
offar more vital Importance, than that of
science or literature. 1t requires closer
application, calmer judgment, and pro.
founder intelligence. The world scouts at
tbis idea. But thenthe world lie " setin mali.
gnity," and scouts at every thought of
eternity. 1t calls all who try to live in
the remembrance of their Immortality,
dreRmers, theorists and fanatics. Those
only are practical men who hoard money,
course, "Our faith has overcome the
world, Jesus Christ will Judge it. The
mon who trust in richea, the lying politi-
clans, and the sensual, who make lust their
law, will tun BILE together into the abyss
when the time comes for justice to be up
permost. Aud how many foolish Catholics
will fall with them, simply for want of
Study aud consideration they take up
the worlds maxim, that reading and study
aEO not labor but amusement that
enc may lawfully occupy his thoughts, |
with whatever happens to be most to his
Wnl41 Auu kuAb Gu0I0 DC any TeaulDg
the limit will be what his self con-
ceit will admit is directly hurtful to him. |
And so We find Catholics filling up their
leisure, week after week, with sensual and |
foolish novels, with sensational newspapers
md sometimes works aimed directly at
laitd or morals. .
no them there is no relish in the Gospel
x 10 Thomas, no wisdom in st. Augustine
md Sc. Thomas Of Aquin no elOquepce
q ST. John Chryso9tOm st. Bernard, st.
3rancis Of Sales, Buurdaloue, Msssillon.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

1t s the aim of the Board of Commissioners to make
it thorough Exposition of the Agricultural and
Mechanical Products of the Southern States Mexico
and Central America but it will open to competitors
Throughout the country and the general premium list
will embrace all srtcles comprehended in the general
design Of Agricultural and Industrial Expedition
including special premiums for strictly Southern pro-
ducts.
The Premium List which is now in course of publ
cation, will be ON liberal scale. and the rules will
provide for just and impartial system of awards, by
competent and disinterested Jurors.
The Fair Grounds generally conceded to be the
handsomest in the United States, comprising 100
within fifteen minutes ride by street from the
center of the city. The grounds shaded by \
beautiful of live oaks and the buildings which
of recent construction, amply sufficient meet
all the necessities of the most extensive exhibition.
The Racing Course, which is used by the Louisiana
Jockey Club at ell it's meetings, is justly famous
throughout the country. and the accommodations
| stock unsurpassed
is the frat time that such an enterprise has been
inaugurated at the South. and being held q time
whom the city of New Orleans is thronged with thou
sands OF visitors to participate in the festivities of the
Carnival it affords unusual inducements exhibitors
from every section of the country.
The Commissioners earnestly appeal to the people of
Southern States lend their aid
to the Exposition and make 1t In all respects COM
pete exhibition of Southern productions and it is hoped
that manufacturers, producers and others in every
| section of the country will participate.
Ample arrangements have been perfected for the
transportation of goods and visitors from section
| at reduced rates.
For detailed inform ation address
SAMUEL MULLEN,
General Superintendent
oc3 3n Ne. 80 Camp street, New Orleans.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

This Office fully supplied With tbe latest styles of
Type and PreaseS and the proprietor being practical
Job Printer and having cstored the wants Of this
community for the past twelve years. satisfaction s
aus sn A. N. MILLER, PropristOr.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

my30 GIN
GRoCERs--coMMIssIoN MERCHANTS.
las. J. McKERNAN,
ROCER,
341------.----. Common street.----.-----.341
Corner Robertson Street..
Dealer in Fancy and Staple Goods,
-AIso
FINE WINES AND LIQUORS.
delivered to any part Of the city free of charge
WIN. Il. MATTHEws Il BRO, 'N N"''
General Produce Commission Merchants
No. II Poydras Street,
NEW ORLEANS.
Country orders solicited. jyll 3m
MARX R. GILLEN,
Dealer in
G ROCER IES,
WOOD. COAL AND CHARCOAL,
je27 75Iy Corner Laurel and Philip SITS.
IT. M. o'MEALLIE,
Corner of st. Andrew and Laurel Streets,
CHOICE GROCERIES,
TEAS, COFFEE and SUGAR BUTTER and LARD
HAMS and BREAKFAST BACON.
Liquors and Wines,
CHOICE wHIsKY-Irish, Scotch, Rye and Bourbon
ALES-Scotch, English and bremen.
TEAS,
at 49, so and IS cents. and the FINEST IMPERIAL at
81 and 81 25 Everywhere else 81 SOY per pound.
Goods delivered free of drayage
Full weight guaranteed. my975ly
E. Conery. z. Conery Jr
u CoNERY & SON
WHOLESALE GROCERS.
Commission Merchants and Dealers in Western
Produce,
CORNER OF CANAL AND DELTa s1'rEErs
no24 "A ly NEW ORLEANS.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.

1876. 1876.
THE SOUTHERN STATES
AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL
EXPOSITION
WILL BE HELD on THE FAIR GROUNDS
NEW ORLEANS.
Commencing February rs, 1875,
CONTINUING TEN DAYS.
I. n. MARKS President.
SAMUEL MULLEN, General Superintendent
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24
MISCELLANEOUS.
JoHH 4. o'coXSoR-
NICHOLAS !. HoET. JoHx 4. o'coxSoR-
HoEY s. OCoNNoR,
Real Estate and General Auctioneers,
Office No. 25 Commercial Place.

Personal attention given to the sale or purchase
either By auction or at private sale Of city
real estate stocks Bcrips negotiation Of
gages. and outdoor sales Of any description.
Their records and plano resulting siye
busir experience Of years Justify then
in the confidence OF their ability attend prom
and efficiently TO any business entrusted to them.
ccIol
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

A. BALDWIN, Chairman;
JAMES I. DAY W. B. SCHMIDT,
COL. j. d. HILL, JOHN G. FLEMING.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

MRS. F. R. HARDON,
Between Canal and Customhouse Streets,
ORLEANS.
-OPENlNC-
WEDNESDAY,, OCTOBER 49, ISIS.
Fall and Winter Styles of Millinery.
oclo I'm
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1875-10-24

se26 Am
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13
CASE or CIRouMsrAYrrAL Eyrp.Ncl

CASE or CIRcUMsrANruL EVIDENCE
-Circumstantial evidence Of q crime
is sometimes 30 strong as to render
proofs of innocence-if the law de-
manded such proofs-almost impos-
sible. A graduate at Yale has for
four years past ministered to n par
ish in Haywood, near San Francisco
Not long since he joined the Odd
Fellows, and was ono of the persons
in the lodge who knew where the
key Of the safe was kept. One day
tho safe was robbed. On being in.
formed of it the reverend gentleman
examined the room and found the
false key with which the safe had
been opened and some of tho money
under the safe. Subsequently going
to his room alone, he found the sto.
len purse, empty, under the mat
Suddenly it occurred to him tho Cir.
cumstances would point to him a.
tho robber, and actuated by a strange
fear, he left the purse remain, and
that night he returned privately in
tending to destroy it. The room
CHANGED to he watched, and he wal
caught in the act. Circumstantia
evidence was strong against him
but the jury, hearing his pitiabl'
story OF cowardice, acquitted him, un
der the conviction that he told tn
truth.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

The difference in the way that the
Democratic party aud the Republic
can party respectively treat men
in the party who commit wrong is
very strikingly illustrated in the
salary grab business. The four
men in Congress most active and in
Auential in engineering that "steal
were Messrs. Carpenter and Butler
Republicans, and Messrs Randall
and Wood. Democrats. The Re
publicans refused 10 return Carpen
ter and Butler to Congress, but the
Democrats not only returned Randall
and Wool to Congress, but it is {
telling shame to Democracy thai
these two individuals are to day thu
most prominent candidates for tn,
Spsskership at the next meeting O
Congress. Lebanon Courier.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13
NOTICE IN PARTITION.
Apr 20, 1873

u In tno mhttef OF tue
estate OF John Blngamau, sr. late OF the TO n
hip OF Beaver, county OF Snyder, rennsyivania,
licensed.
To Elizabeth Bingaman. widow, Fred
erick Biugaman, Beavertown Leah, intermar-
ri,d With Paul Benfer OF Ad.msburgi kaohel
Specht, Bevertowpi Isaac Binyaman, Adams
township Daniel Bingaman, John n. Bpgs-
man of Besver township EliIebeth, tntsrmay'
ried with David Bobb, Stephenson county, I'LL.
nois; Noa IN Bingamsn Of Lewis township, Talon
county, Pa, Mariah intermarried with Elisha
Cook, Pettes county, Missouri.
Take notice that bv virtue Of Q certain
writ Of Partition or Valuation issued out
Of the Orphans Court Of Snyde Co. the
sheriff Of said county will hold sn ln-
quest 10 make Partition or Valuation si
the Real Estate Of the said John Biugs-
man. sr., decd. at tho late residence ol
said decedent In the Township Of Beaver
Snyder county, Pa, on Saturday the 22d
day Of May, A. D. 1875. at 10 o'clock A.
NJ, on said day, when aud where you are
requested TO be present u you think proper
Given under my hand this 10th day o.
April, A. d.. 1873.
DANIEL BoLESpER. sheriS
shsrig's once, Midalsburs, 70.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

The indications are that the iron
works throughout the State will soon
go into operation again This will
bring about the good times so anxious.
ly looked for.
rD-The Union Pacific Railroad at
last accounts was 80 badly blockaded
with snow-that travel is nearly at n
stand still. At Ogden there had
been no arrival or departure Of trims
between the 18th and the 22nd ult
The funeral of the late Mr.. John
Sheridan, father of Lieutenant Cen
eral Sheridan, took place on Satur-
day. at Somerset, Ohio.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13
srArr ,nNyLNTIoN.

The Republicans of the State of
Pennsylvania are hereby requested
10 assemble by their delegates in
State Convention Mt noon on Weincs-
day, the 2Gth day of May. 1875.
In the Fulton Opera House, at the
city Of Lancaster, for the purpose of
nominating candidates for Governor
and State Treasurer Each Repre-.
sentative and Senatorial District will
be entitled to the same representa-
ton as it has under the present ap,
portionment for Senators and Repre-
sentntives in tho Legislature.
RussELL ERRETT,
A. WILSON NoREis, Chairman.
Spcrstnry
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13
THE GREAT DlsCovERYi

r. p. KrSE ELS BITTER WINE OF IRON
For the euro OF weak stomach general debility,
indigestion disease Of the nervous ~ stem. con
stipstion, ncldlty ofthe stomach, sui vi cases
requiring q tonic.
The wine includes the most agreeaile and Ell
Client salt Of Iron we possess Citrate OF Mag
notic oxide, combined with the most energetic
OF vegetable topics--Yeliow Peruvian Bark.
The effect In many cases 1I debility, loss oi
appetite and general prostration, Of an eficient
salt OF Iron combined with our vaiuaele Nerve
Is most happy II augments tho appetite, raises
the pulse takee OF muscular habhiness remoyes
the paior Of debility, and gives . ford ,isor "a
the countenance.
DO you want something to STRENGTHEN You
euild or your constitution Do you want to
feel We'll DO you want to get rii Of nervous.
nessl DO you want energy DO you want To
sleep wcll1 bu You want brisk AMI vigorous
Telling You do. Try kpnkels Wine Of Iron.
THIS truly valuable tonic has been 40 thor
oughly tested by all Glasses of the commnni y,
that Il Il now deemed Indispensable as a Tonic
AMI gives tone to the stomach, ronOyaies tho
system and prOlougs life,
row only ask trial Of this vallablc Tonic.
Price VI per bottle. Y. y, kUNkEL. Sole
Proprietor Phlladclphis, Pa. Ask your drug
gist for kunkcls Bitter Wine OF Iron, and take
no other make sold only iu VI BOTTLES. All
others are counterfeit " beware Of them,
Tape Worm.
Entirely removed with purely vegetable med.
icine, passing from system alive No fee until
the head passes. Come and refer 10 patients
81, Philadelphia Advice free. seat. Pin and
stomach Worms also removed. Aek your drug.
glst Tor kt sRsL's WORN S1RrP. Price ~ per
bottle Send Tor clrJular.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

Isthe retirement of Generals Beath
and Allen from their respective posi-
tions in tho State government last
week the Commonwealth loses the
services of two OF its most valued
officers. We trust that their suc-
cessors will initiate the good example
set them by the former gentlemen
whose unsullied records won 70,
them the enjoyment of the fullest
confidence of the people of the State
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

THE prospects are not gooi for a
settlement of the mining troubles
by the 18th OF May, as many antici-
pated. The miners are holding out
rs heretofore, and show no signs of
yielding. The special policeman in
Schuylkill county continue on duty,
and there is nothing serious to re.
port of late Tho miners in the
Scranton and Wilkesbarre regions,
are about forwarding 100000 for
distribution among their brethren on
a strike in the Schuylkill region.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

The striking miners in the coal
regions are receiving aid from out
side organizations, and the repre-.
sentatives OF the miners are out in all
directions seeking assistance. They
may keep this trouble up too long
for their own good, as it is not who'll
ly impossible for the operators to
employ help from abroad finally,
should it be determined that n COM
promise is impossible. OF course
mining operations must go on or th,
country will ultimately be without
coal; it is only question of time
Gazette and Buiietia.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

Gregg Brothers, wool commits.
sion merchants, 1l6 South Front
Street, Philadelphia, says that old
woods ought to be hurried forward
and sold before the general decline
takes place, which must come with
the new clip. They predict low pri-
ces the coming season, and state that
fine woods particularly are neglected
and weak in the market, and combing
and medium woods are only sustained
by the present scarcity, and as the
new clip approaches must decline.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13
PoIsoYINd SHEEP THIEvEs.-T h

POISONING SHEEP THIEVES h @
Martinsburg Statesman says that
last week q gentleman living near
Greenwood, lost several sheep killed
by dogs. He then took one of the
sheep and put strychnine in large
quantities upon it, and the next
morning there were 81 dead dogs in
the field, the farthest one off not be-
ing 100 yards from the dead sheep.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

This seems to be u hard season
for shows Of all kinds. Even Barnum
has been unfortunate. That prince
Of showmen is said to havo lost the
large sum of throo hundred thousand
dollars with hia hippodrome since
leaving New York city. twenty thou
sund of which was lost during its
stay in Philadelphia.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

Gov. Hartranft is said to have in
his possession the inkstank which the
signcrs Of tho Declaration of Indc-
pendcnce used at the time they put
their names to il This is precious
relic connected with a noble per.
foemanco and we do not doubt is
highly priced by its owner.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

THg public debt statement for
April shows reduction of the debt
for the month OF S2,325,3+7 G3, with
the following balances in the treas
ury Currency, Sl,09G,3757G 7G
Special deposits of legal tenders for
tho redemption Of certificates of de-
post Si7, ,7G5, 200 90 coin, S9i.625,.
GG4.23 coin certificates, S22,iJ3,
$4,000; outstanding legal tenders
$37s,05l, 10000; called bonds oi
1862 now outstanding, Sls,iI2.9O.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

AS THE convention draws near il
seems to be settled fact that Gov.
John i. Hartyanft will l., nominated
without opposition This il as it
should be. Ho has proved himself to-
bo one of the best executive officers
the State has ever had, and the peo.
pie are willing to trust the affairs of
State in his hands for another term
ut least.
The post. [volume] (Middleburg, Snyder County, Pa.) 1864-1883, 1875-05-13

The indianapolis J1,rnai SAYS
We defy any porson to point to n
single act of practical reform ever,
accomplished by the Democratic
party. It's instincts are all selfish.
and its natural tendency is toward
corruption. This city never had so
inefficient or so expensive govern
ment rs during the last year of Dem
ocrptic reform rule.