davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1875-07-01

The prevalence Of the baseball
fever was observable the other day
in one of our best hmilies, where, at
the breakfast table. the oldest hoy
had occasion to ask for another bis
cult. "Give me hot one, mother, y
he said, sand send her with twist.
His father Immediately ''battede him
out. ga =
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1875-07-01

Kansas teacher-"Where does sli
Of our grain product go tors Boy
at goes into the hopper .'HopperI
What hopper sGrassheppers tri-
umphantly shouted the lad.
Gallipolis journal. [volume] (Gallipolis, Ohio) 1837-1919, 1875-07-01
Strict Honesty,

Gallia Furnace, June Is. '75.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
WHOLE NO. 242.
Management of Pot Plants.

Amateurs are apt, in repotting plants, to
make the soil too rich under the impression
that, because the roots are confined within a
small compass, necessarily the soil must be
very fat. Such is not the fact. Flowering
plants should not have the soil over rich.
They do better in pure soil, free from an ex-
cessive quantity Of manure. What is used
should be tho most thoroughly digested COM
post. The successful florist understands
that the soil requires only to be in that nor
NAL state to insure perfect and continuous
growth [; and, therefore, instead Of making
the soil in the pots over rich, depends upon
stimulating, by means Of liquid manure.
A mistake generally made in shifting from
one pot to another, is the use Of two large
pots as the plants increase in size. In chang
ing, use pots only one size larger than the
plant was in before. To do this in the best
manner put some drainage in the bottom of
the pots, say half an inch of broken flower
pots for four-inch size, being careful to close
the hole in the bottom by laying piece
thereon on this place little rich compost
mixed with one-half its bulk Of sharp sand.
Then place pot one size less than the one
containing the plant to be moved. Fill in
around this with the same material pretty
finely packed. Lift out the pot and 6ll with
soil, just so that the ball of earth in which
the plant is contained will reach to about
half an inch of the rim of the new pot. Now
set the plant in and cave the earth about it
from the sides, and fill up level with more
soil. Western Rural.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
Smut in Grain.

Smut is caused by parasitic fungus long
known to botanists by the name of UStilago
Maids, and it has frequently been described
and figured in botanical works. Its develop
ment or growth is also pretty well understood.
The fungus grows from very minute spores,
which are produced by millions, but exactly
as to how these spores react and infest the
growing corn, can find nowhere any definite
information, nor have seen any data rela-
tive to preventives We are left here to
surmise and analogise.
Smut in wheat is produced by similar fun
gus similar in its botanical character, in its re.
suits, and this wheat.smut fungus is much bet
ter known. 1t is proved that this gains access
to the plant through the seed. The spores are
sticky and adhere to the sound grain at harvest
or threshing and are sown with the seed wheat.
As the new wheat plant grows, the fungus
develops with it in due time, ripening its
spores at harvest The spores may be killed
and the crop saved by soaking the seed wheat
in strong brine, or in a weak solution Of
sulphate of copper, commonly known as blue
vitriol or buestone. (The proportions used
are two to five ounces Of the crystals per
bushel of wheat). 1t would be well to try
the same remedies with corn. have seen
this recommended, but | have no information
as to the results. Corn-smut is rarely abund-
ant enough to affect the crop, and is princi-
pally dreaded because it is poisonous to the
cattle. Prof. Brewer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30

Farmers having good mares which are not
used much after haying, beyond going to
meeting, the post office and mill two or three
times week, should keep them breeding,
by all means, allowing them to foal in Au-
gust, or as soon as may be after haying. In
this way colts may be raised to good profit
We have worked mare with foal at her side 10
days old when put to work, on the mower, rake
and hay wagon, right through the season, and
had a good colt to show in the fall ; but it is
better to have mares that have to take the
brunt in haying foal little later. If well
fed and used humanely, they will bear a
good colt after haytime is past, and be in
good condition to nurse it.
The necessity for good blood, as well as
good individual qualities, in the sire in
breeding horses is, il possible, more impor-
tant than with other stock. We would 60 a
long way to secure the service Of stallion
whose stock is proved, in preference to using
one equally meritorious who has not estab-
lished his value as a sire.
Prices of horses are now very low, but
there is no reason to suppose they will be so
three or four years hence. On the contrary,
the low prices will tend to check the produc.
ton, and in few years there will be a
scarcity. Horses are used up very fast,
especially In the cities and livery stables.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
A Cheap Cellar Bottom.

In sections Of the country where there is an
abundance of cobble.stones, collect few loads
of them about four or five inches in diameter,
grade the bottom Of the cellar, lay the cob
bles in rows, and ram them down one.third
into the ground so that they will not rock
nor be sunk below the rows by any heavy
superintendent pressure, such as the weight
of hogshead Of molasses or tierce of vine
gar. The bottom of the cellar should be
graded so that the outside will be two or
three inches lower than the middle. A
mistake sometimes occurs by grading the
cellar bottom in such a manner that the
center will be two or three inches lower
than the outside. When this is the case,
should water enter from the outside, it will
flow directly toward the middle A straight
edged board should be placed frequently on
each row OF stones as they are being rammed
so that the upper sides may be in line with
each other. After the stones are laid and
well rammed down, place few boards on
the pavement to walk on then make a
grouting of clean sand and water.lime, or
Rosendale cement, aud pour it on the stones
until all the interstices are filled. As soon
as the grouting has set, spread layer Of
good cement mortar one inch over the top
Of tho pavement, and trowel the surface of
smoothly. In order to spread the mortar
true and even on the surface, lay an inch
board one foot from the wall, on the surface
of the pavement, stand on the board, and
fill the spaces with mortar even with the top
of the board after which, move the board
one foot, fill the space with mortar, and trOw-
ell it off smoothly. Such a floor will cost
less than a board floor. aud will last as long
as the superstructure is kept in repair. A
floor made in the foregoing manner on the
ground in the basement of barn, a piggery
or stable, would be rat proof and would
be found cheaper aud more serviceable than
plank floor. The work should be done in
the former part Of the growing season, SC
that the cement may have sufficient time tC
become hard and dry before cold Gather
Industrial Monthly
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
Stretches in Sheep.

In the April number. writer on "feed-
ing sheep" mentions stretches, and advises
giving sulphur. Now this subject is Of suf-
fcient Importance to the sheep raiser to de-
mand more thorough explanation of its
nature, cause and treatment, and as l am
posted on this subject, l thought | would
give your wool growing readers the benefit
of my knowledge Of the veterinary art upon
this topic, so here goes Stretches is the
animals instructive remedy for disease Tor
displacement) Of the intestines, termed in
veterinary science intro Susceptio which is
the insertion of portion of the intestines
into another portion, producing inflammation,
putrefaction, and sometimes rupture of the
intestines; for the latter there is no remedy.
This disease is produced by too long contin-
ued feeding on dry fodder, which produces
constipation Of the bowels, causing uoluuluS
(rolling up) of the intestinal tube, and usual
ly occurs in the small intestines. Take a
glove finger, commence in the middle to turn
it partially wrong side out, and you have
a perfect sample Of the case we are treating
of. Remedy, nauseants sufficient to produce
vomiting is sometimes used with success, but
injections are the safest and surest remedy
that can be used. Take three or four gills
of warm water, one large spoonful of soft
soap, mix well, and with common block tin
syringe inject this into the rectum repeat
necessary. Never give powerful doses Of
physic in case Of stoppage, which is often
done to the human subject, which only makes
a bad case worse. Nauseants, lubricants
and injections are the only safe medicinal
remedies. If the shepherd discovers sheep
stretching and has no medicinal remedies at
hand, he must resort to the following me-
chanical operation to relieve the animal,
which often proves successful /: Lay the sheep
carefully on its back, holding the fore end
with one hand, and with the other rub the
belly, allowing him to kick and struggle
with the hind legs. This operation will al
so assist much in relieving the animal if re-
sorted to in about ten minutes after admin
istering clysters. Preventative-When you
begin to feed on dry fodder commence feed
ing roots once day; carrots are the best,
turnips will do; and here l will give a
general rule to be ali0ayS regarded in feed
ing any kind of roots to any and all kinds of
stock. Begin with small quantities, and as
the animal becomes accustomed to eating
them, increase to the desired amount. Why I?
Because some roots are slightly cathartic,
others slightly diuretic, and over feeding
may prove injurious and thus prejudice the
mind against these valuable crops, which
every man that keeps stock ought to raise.
This chapter ought to have been written last
fall, so your readers could have had the ben
eft of it during the long cold winter through
which we have just passed but l did not
know then that could write for the press
until you told me and others in the Journal
that we could, and you made me believe it..
[Cor. American Farm Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Direct Us.

In every town in Vermont are farmers of
score or more years experience, who, If
they chose, might impart information of in-
calculable benefit to young farmers, yet they
cling to their dearly purchased experience
with tenacious grasp.
As one of hundreds of young men in YER
mont engaged in agriculture, earnestly and
respectfully request farmers Of experience to
aid and guide u.s. that We may steer clear
Of obstructions in our path. DISTINCTIONS
we must encounter, aud let US manlully
overcome them, aud show to the world that
farming does not necesstate awkwardness or
vulgarity.
Let US, with the aid of experience guild
ing and directing us, place agriculturein in the
position that belongs to 1.-THE most impor-
tant in the nation. f. EUGENE RICHARD.
st. JOhnsbury, July 20, 1875.
Our correspondent gives expression to
the need felt by many young farmers They
want plain, practical suggestions, such as can
be given by farmers ofcxperience, not essays
aud iue writing. If readers of the FARM
ER will look back over the years Of their
lives in the management of farms and stock,
and recall the mistakes they have made and
the changes in opinions and plans of operation
which have been forced upon them by expe-
rience, and jot them down for The FARMER
(no offense intended to any other paper) they
would be of iucalcuable value.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
Secret of Growing Caulihower.

l am in the habit Of growing caulihowers
for my family and giving few heads annu-
ally to friends, some of whom have been
prompted thereby to attempt the culture of
this vegetable, but generally they shave no
luck in the business" Now, l am aware
there are a great many who would like to
raise cauliAowers if they could only have
good luck enough to succeed, and therefore [
am going to tell them the secret of success !;
and to make the lesson easy to be remem-
bered, will say that three things are essen
tial, each of them having the initial letter
NJ: namely, manure, moisture and mulching.
Select ground that is rich and moist, if possi-
BILE; manure it well, aud then plant at same
time and manner as cabbage; but arrange so
that the row of plants will stand in shall
low furrow, and where there is q descent, so
that when water is poured at one end it will
flow gently to the other, watering each plant
in its course. Then if by means of trough
or garden hose water can be conducted to
the spot, from pump or reservoir, all the
better. Or it may be carried, few buck
etsful daily, and poured in at the upper
end Of the furrow; or, still better, pour it
into tub or barrel having a faucet at
the bottom from which the water will flow
slowly into and along the turrow. The
cauliflower is almost water-plaDt and will
only thrive with plenty of drink; but do
not make the mistake of letting water stag
nate about its roots. Mulching is not SO
essential as manure and moisture, but in our
sunny climate, and where moisture is likely
to be deficient, have found manure on the
surface over the roots Of very great advau-
tage. The same is true of cabbages, which
also naturally belong to cooler climates than
ours. [Ohio Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
A Chapter on Pans.

A farmer in Franklin county writes
to the FARMER that he has used various
styles of pans for setting milk, beginning
with earthen pans, from those liaking the
first step to six-quart tin pans. Then he
had ten.quart pans on racks in nice milk
house. These, after time, proving out of
date and behind the age, ave ordered a set of
large pans to be set up on trial. So one day
the agent brought them along and we turned
our nice milk racks out Of doors and set up
the large pans aud they worked like a
charm. 10 strain the milk all into one pan,
and but one pan to wash, was all very nice,
but we soon discovered that they had draw.
backs, and the set proved failure, and one
day on returning from short absence from
home found these new-fangled pans packed
up ready for transportation and the old
racks aud ten.quart pans in their former
position in the milk room. Thus failed two
sets of pans.
"If some of the FARMER correspondents,
having had practical experience with water
pans, will answer the following questions
through the columns Of this paper, for one
will have learned lesson, aud it might be a
benefit to others.
"Having a milk room all right and plenty
Of cold water, and no trouble with butter
coming soft only in the very hottest weather,
and the loss from this cause not averaging
over 81 a year, how large a sum will it pay
to expend on machinery to avoid this draw.
back Can it be made to pay to pump 10
to 40 pals Of water daily through the sea-
sou and carry it 30 to 40 feet through two
doors and up one step into the milk room
aud then lift it four and half feet and pour
into tub? Is the cream soft and spongy
with water pans, requiring third more
churn room than the old way? Does it take
a third to n half longer to churn? Is the
air danp and the milk room all slop aud LA.
BILE to rot out in few years2 What about
getting out the milk, does it spatter over
everything, yourself included ? | suppose
different pans have different advantages, and
where is the harm in farmers exchanging
views ?"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
Walking Versus Trotting Horses.

writer in the Priarie Farmer complains
that all the premiums offered at agricultural
fairs for the performance of horses 90 for
trotting or running and none for walking.
lie says the various agricultural societies
" say nothing of walking, which is the gait
farmers are most interested in. have often
wondered why that was overlooked, and had
hoped that some one would bring it before
the societies. What benefit is a race-horse
to farmer ? If he wants to run or trot him
for premiums or stakes, it will not do to
work him as farm horses have to work. Be-
sides, fast horses, generally, are not able to
stand heavy work, and are not apt to be ex-
ira walkers. What the farmer wants is
close-made, muscular horse, weighing 1000
to l,200 pounds, that can walk at least four
miles an hour with cultivator, or at that
rate while crossing the field. 1t costs no
more for a hand to drive team that will
plough three acres per day, than it would to
drive one that would plough only two acres
and good hand, or one that tries to earn
his wages, would"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
Cut Feed for Horses.

An accurate farmer has furnished the
Country Gentleman a statement of his ex-
pertinent with feeding cut feed and meal to
his horses accompanied with weighing and
measuring. He cuts oats and straw about
an inch long with a rawhide cylinder ma
chine; and this chopped straw is then treat
ed with corn-meal and bran mixed in
about equal quantities as to weight, so that
each horse has about bushel of cut feed and
three quarts of the meal and bran twice in
each day. Sometimes hay is cut instead of
oat.straw or both are mixed. 1t is found
that two hundred pounds per week of this
mixture Of corn-meal and bran, added to the
cut feed will keep pair of working horses
in the best condition. This, he is satisfied
from experiment, is less than two-thirds
cost of keeping them on uncut dry and whole
grain. The corn meal alone is not so good
for horses as when mixed with bran. An
excellent meal is made of ground oats. The
fodder is cut by horsepower, on stormy or
spare days, and stored in large bins, so as to
furnish always a surplus Cd hand.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
A Moving Machine for a Hay Cutter.

Mr.. Chas II. Gilbert, of Wolcott, takes
any kind OF a moving machine and converts
it into a hay cutter that he says is far better
than any machine made for the purpose that
he ever saw. He takes off the tongue and
sets the machine up on its frame and fastens
it so that the tongue, if attachef, would be
pointing upward. lie ther builds up feed
board that inclines downward toward tie
cutter bar aud puts board over the cutter
bar to keep the hay from falling over, and
that is all there is to it. He says it runs
easily and cuts the hay very fast, even draw
ing it in, and all the trouble there is about
it is that you must keep your fingers out Of
the way or you will lose them. 1t costs less
than a dollar to arrange one.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
What the Farmers Home should Be.

President Buckham of the University Of
Vermont and State Agricultural College,
said eloquently in the annual address before
the Vermont Dairymeu's Association at
Montpelier last October:
81 hope to live to see the day when the
farm homes of New England shall be the
best representatives Of our civilization, the
abodes Of industry and refinement, of simple
elegance and plain dignity, of pure moral
ity aud cheerful piety, to which men shall
fly as to haven of rest from the excite
mont and disquietudes Of the city, and from
which they shall look with pity and thank
fulncss for escape upon the conventional
shams and superficial accomplishments Of the
fashionable world"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
A Vermont BOtanist Abroad.

AT the spring meeting of the Connecticut
Valley Botanical Society in June, at Am
herst, Mass, Vermont botanist, Mr.. A. Z.
Morgan, read valuable paper and gained
himself much credit, as Vermonters usually
do when they go beyond the borders Of the
state.
The Springfield Republican says in its re-
port of the meeting:
Mr.. A. p. Morgan Of North Pomfret, VT,
read paper on Phyllotaxis, or the arrange
ment Of leaves on the stem, illustrated By
maps drawn by himself, of the leaf positions
Of several plants and cones, cone scales being
transformed leaves. The society hope TO
see it in print, to study it at their leisure,
as the theory usually held by botanists was
somewhat modified. The paper embodied a
vast amount Of curious investigation, and
was a model of patient and careful work.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30
VARIETIES.

1t is essential to the cheap cultivation Of
roots that the hoe be applied to them imme-
diately upon weeds becoming visible, and
while they are shallOw-rooted.
The following is said to be good preven-
tive of the turnip fly: Take IA lbs. Of
sulphur, one bushel of fresh lime, and two
bushels Of dry road-scrapings or road-ddst.
Mix them well together and apply at night,
either by means Of drill, or strewed along
the rows by hand. If the fly continues
troublesome, repeat the process.
When miners find a satisfactory amount
of gold in claim they say they have struck
"pay dirt" The best pay dirt is good
farm it will pay in money, pay in furnish.
ing steady business, and pay in securing
homo.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30

family methods could make his butter "git-
edged" When one Of his steers or colts die
through sheer carelessness, he is not incon-
solabe for the beast wasn't worth much"
But the careossness after n very short time
would be Just the same, and far moie costly
il his stock we're thoroughbred.
In great part Of the country only inferior
stock is kept by the majority of farmers,
and only those crops most easily produced
are grown. Possibly for many of these farm
ors this course may be wisest and best.
Such farmers keeping in the old ruts will
work hard at increasing disadvantage in COM
petition with more skilliul cultivators, and at
last die with the old refrain on their lips
that farmer must needs work hard all his
days and lead the life Of a slave, to get
neither honor nor profit in the end.
1t is all false. The life of farmer is not
necessarily hard or slavish. Thought, skill
and care have their reward here as surely as
anywhere, and in as large measure. Men
who lack these find any business hard and
slavish enough. But the fault is in the man,
not in the occupation. 1t is rare to find men
honest enough to see and confess the cause of
their failures. Were they to do so the un.
skilful and Therefore unsuccessful farmer
would be compelled to say, farming is not
a bad business. 1t is, when rightly conducted,
honorable and profitable. Money has been
made in it by men who have the faculty
of making money. Almost any man,
with average skill and Industry, can make
comfortable and honest support by farming.
Ia &, I L. r..l q 4.
business which demands thought, skill and
labor, when | have them not or am not will
ing to give them as the price of success"
When we have men in any business talking
to themselves thus plainly of tho cause of
their failure, the world will have the first
and most needed element in doing away with
incompetency and its natural result in failure.
Rural New Yorker.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-30

the axle. The pitman is of brass, very
strong, very short and entirely protected
from injury and breakage its play is in line
with the knife, 50 that the tendency to break
the latter is lessened. The knife plays while
in any position. The bar is raised easily,
may be easily removed, and all is adjusted
with facility. The workmanship appears to
be thorough and strong and the finish is good
The gearing is all enclosed. We have not
seen the manufacturers circular or been
worried by agents aud do not know what is
claimed for the machine. 1t is likely that
some now points were overlooked We have
mentioned what were conpsicuous.