davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
Clipping Herses.

THE practice Of clipping horses tina,
is, shearing them, during the winter
when nature provides long coat of hair
for their projections of recent origin
At least its practice was never before SO
generally adopted by those who take de.
light in owning and driving a fine horse.
Bergh has entered his protest against
the practice, CHASING it with acts Of
cruelty to animals. This has led to a
discussion Of the subject, and reveals the
fact that it had its origin with horse
traders, who thus improved the appear.
ance Of An animal in order to deceive
and cheat those not posted in the tricks
of the jockey.
Now, men who take pleasure in seeing
and using handsome horse have the
animal sheared for the same reason that
they have their own hair, on head and
face, clipped-to improve the looks.
This treatment of the horse NAV
be cruel or not according to cir
cumstances. There can be no doubt
but the clipped horse requires greater
care than the one with q full coat Of
hair. BE must be carefully housed and
blanketed. With such attention he does
not suffer from the cold, and il driven
hard = more easily dried and cools on
with less danger to health than where
covered with = heavy coat Of wet hair.
With everything favorable the clipping
may be an advantage to the horse, in
creasing it's comfort and ..insuring good
health. Whe!s > horse Is exposed to win.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11

Thare y just ~ much sense il crying
for what sps1aus 1n6t = czying fcr What
I've neyeehAd.
The only WY to keep : man from be-
ing ungxstephull IL never to refnse him
ennythinK, or never - sive hin eny:
thinG. I'll AsSs1A AxfA
The greatest howard is he who allows
himself to git beat when he knows be y
right.
Thoze who deserve suckcess very rare.
ly fail 70 git it.
| We may have the right to chest the
world inmensy things, but NOT cufselsei
| in ennything.
Cunning IL like . sword that is very
sharp At the point, but very dull at the
hilt-
| The nations ov the earth, like men
have their day ov fuss and feathers, and
then sink into almost oblivion, leaving
at best, but large-sized tombstone.
| The truth viii cum to the surface, and
| it IL mulch better 10 tell it ourselfs thar
to have others tell if for us.-Josh BiH
| ings, IN N. r. Wcs{jy
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
The Estimate of a California Wife.

The following unique card appeared
In the San Jose Cali Pnrsot:
NOTICE
All persons are hereby warned not to trust
Mary Z. Aborns (my wife), Is she has LEFT nv
bed and board without Just cause or provo.
cation, and will not pay any bill contracted
BY her from and after this date.
San Jose, Feb. 8, 1875.
Mrs. Aborns now comes to the front
and makes the following telling state
ment in reply to the above warming
by her non-crediting liege lord:
The above notice appears now daily
IN the San Jose Daily Patriot. Why am
thus published to the world? And
what human being on earth has the right
TO do it. Let US look at the facts. I
have been the wife of John Aborns about
ten years and lived with him during the
whole OF that time-the- prime Of my
life. That makes 36JO days. During
that time | have cooked about 10000
meals OF victuals, set the table as many
times, and cleaned it off and washed the
Dishes During that ten years l have
spent between 10, 90 and 1900 hours
over . hot cooking stove, both in summer
and winter. Ihave cleaned up and swept
his house for him over. 10000 times.
During that ten years 1 have borne to
him six children, five of them now iy-
ing, the youngest two and half years
DID, Besides the pains and anxieties IN
cident TO childbirth (which every mother
knows), what steps, cares and troubles
ito say nothing Of sickness and anxious
thoughts for my children) It has cost me
to bring them up, it Is impossible for me
TO say; every mother knows il better
than she can possibly tell it. In addi-
ton to that have made all their
clothing (besides my OWN, and during
that time have also made clothing and
done sewing for others for money, which
went into the community funds; that
Is, as understand it, all the property
made ~ the husband and wife il CON-
munity property. but in reality belongs
to the husband, ana It b called Is isw
commnaity psopsFty' - take Of III !
sharp edge Of injustice. More than fhat
during those ten years / have MIXED. a
an average, three cows twice a dav
which will make about 1000 milf1ne1
besides taxing care of the milk and max.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
Two Giant Telescopes.

A BosroS correspondent Of the New
York Tribune writes to that paper as
follows: When Galileo's first telescope
was made, which enlarged an object less
than five diameters, it astonished the
world. And when he finally succeeded
in making one that magnifed about
thirty 6iameters it was said that the
highest magnifying power had been
reached, and plausible reasons were
given to substantia.e the statement.
When, somewhat later, Franenhofer
made the celebrated Dorpat telescope Of
Russia, with an object glass of nine and
half inches In aperture, its enormous
power was the cause Of great excitement
among astronomers throughout the
world The famous Chicago telescope,
with rs 15.-inch aperture, made by Clark
& Sons, at cost of SIS. 600, has till late
" been at the head Of great instruments
of this class. At Gateshead, near New
castle. England, NJ. r S Newall's tele-
scope, made by Cooke & Sons Of York,
with p inch aperture, has for several
years stood as the largest in the world,
though Of inferior quality and power.
At present the instrument In the Naval
Obsery aioy at Washington, and now in
active operation there, gives to the
United States the distinction Of having
the largest and most effective refraclng
telescope that was ever constructed. This,
too, was made by Messrs Clark, who
have now nearly completed another of
similar caliber, ordered by l. J. McCor-
mick, of Chicago, of Mccormick reaper
fame. This, it is understood, will be
given to one of the Virginia universities.
These twin monsters of the deep
sky. not sea-will, in every important
particular, be the counterparts of each
other. The only noticeable differences
are: The Washington instrument has an
aperture of twenty-six inches, while the
Mccormick has one Of little over
twenty-six, but only enough to have it
said that it is the largest in the world /;
the compound objective, or object, glass
in the latter weighs 10 pounds, while
that Of the former weighs $50 pounds In
each the glass with the tube in which it
is inserted weighs about ton, and the
whole weight may be roughly estimated
at four OF five TONS Each has focal
length Of about thirty-tkree feet. The
cost of the Government telescope was
$4,000 in currency That Of the Nc
Cormiek win be $4,000 in gold. The
contract was made for both at the same
time, about four years ago, and at the
| same price, gold being estimated as it
| then stood. Mr.. Mccormick chose to
pay the amount in gold when his instru-
ment should be completed The object
ives alone when completed are worth
425,0o each, and are capable Of a mag
nifying power Of Zoo diameters, though,
owing to the interference of the atmos
phere, power Of over 100 will seldom
be used; but even this will increase the
surface oil the object viewed to 2.25O,OOO
| times its natural size.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11


yrxysaR BrrERs.-DB ]. WALKER, a
regular practicing physician OF Caa.
fornia, has conferred q priceless Doom
upon mankind by the introduction OF =
c,ns;velv which NAV be truly said to be
superseding all others. and is becoming
a 5ittlr dose indeed for the charlatans
and quacks, on account Of its immense
sale and universal popularity. Not only
are these VINEGAR Buffers, as ne Calls
them an Invaluable tonic and alternative,
but they are acknowledged as standard
MEprcISE. and the astonishing rapidly
with which they cure diseases hitherto
declared incurable seems almost incfedi,
BILE. After having been carefully tested
they are kept on hand in thousands OF
households and used for any and every
form of disease, many relying upon them
in preference to the most celebrated
nized Family Remedy" and properly
So %
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11

ing butter from it. haxe, during the
whn1e & dAs& tiuA attended - the poul
uy, md d1ten assisted Mr. Aborns in
loading hay, sewing sacks and even
cleaning ont his stables. Now I have
drawn the picture very mildly. ! have
rande sll0uances JornI sickness, when
I have had help, something after the way
that farmer would hire horse if his
own vas sick and unable to work had
nothing when l went there, and nothing
q tho end Of those Tn years a srri-
tude. I have lived, il IS true, and was
very moderately furnished with clothing.
This is all for my labor. What man Is
there in the world that would do the
work / have done for the same compen-
sation! make this statement not out
Of any feeling Of revenge to Mr.. Aborns,
for he has done only what hundreds of
othezs have done. In many respects he
is good man; industrious, and, like
hundreds-yea, thousands-of others,
honest with everybody except his own
family. ] choose to live with him no
longer; my reasons are my own. And I
say again, what right has he to impair
my credit by publishing me: In the
name Of all that is Just solemnly pro-
test against it,. MARY E. AEoRSs."
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
A Practical Farmer on Feeding Hogs.

IT appears to me that some men eX.
hibit less sense in their attempts
to feed hogs than in almost anything
they undertake. ! have neighbor, and
he is no green hand at the bellows, but a
farmer of many years standing-one of
those experienced fellows who should
know all about it, and who doubtless
thinks he does-that for the past eight
or ten years has fed his hogs in little
pen three or four rods square without
anything IN the way of floor or shelter
beyond what nature has provided
mother earth below and the skies above.
! was looking over his hogs to-day as
passed, for the pen is Immediately along
side the road. The hogs have no place
to go into out of the mud, which is five
or six inches deep, perhaps deeper
they must hunt out the corn from the
quagmire into which it is thrown. and
make their beds in the same precious
mortar. His hogs are from sixteen to
eighteen months old, and do not weigh
over $50 pounds on the average. An
other neighbor who was with me re-
marked that he did not believe these
hogs had gained pound in a month
The practice of turning the hogs into
the cornfield is perhaps little better
than this, but still not much better. It's
about Hobson's choice between them.
Now, such ways of feeding hogs do not
pay at any time, and especially when
corn is fifty cents to sixty cents per bush
Ell. 1t behooves US farmers to look into
this matter of feeding and see if we can
not hit upon more improved and eco
nomic methods. 1t behooves us to give
the matter our most serious thought and
to discover how we can make the last
ounce Of pork from bushel of corn. If
we do not do this we certainly deserve
little sympathy when we complain of
hard times and high taxes.
The practice / pursue is to grind my
corn, or whatever grain l am going to
feed, and cook it with steam into sort
OF mush, which feed in troughs so con-
structed as to prevent the hogs from get.
ting their feet into the feed. The best
plan is to have plank pen to feed in,
with good high sheds for them to go into
out OF the storms, and not let them out
until fat. That will not be very long if
you have good breed of hogs, and feed
them regularly and exercise good iudg.
ment. They can be made to gain from
pound and half to two pounds day,
and at this rate will soon be ready for
market-J Z, in National Lice Stock
Journal.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
The Color Changes of the Chameleon.

Bur the color-changes of the chamc.
Icon form perhaps the most interesting
phenomenon connected with this ami.
NAL. We need not repeat the fabulous
stories told about these color changes
the facts which can be strictly verified
by direct observation are wonderful
enough without the adorn:nents Of mag
ination. These changes of color range
from whity-yellow, through yellow, bright
and dark green, to dull black; and these
diversities Of celebration may affect the
entire surface Of the animal, or one or
other Of its sides, or may appear only in
spots. When the chameleon is asleep,
and not exposed to the direct rays of the
sun, its color is Witty yellow; when
basking in the sun, it is a dingy black or
dusky brown. On being aroused from
sleep the side which is first awakened
assumes darker shade There is re ason
for believing that sunlight, apart from
the warmth which accompanies it, is
very grateful to the chameleon and, in re-
sponse to this stimulus, he at once begins
his play of color. NJ. Paul Bert, French
sdcdnt, has for some time been engaged
in studying the anatomy and mechanism
OF these phenomena. His researches are
not yet completed, but We may state
some Of the facts which he has estab-
lished.
In the skin of the chameleon he finds a
close network Of minute ducts, connect
ing with pigment-vesicles situated on Its
under surface. When the coloring
liquid is all retained in these vesicles
the animals skin appears yellowish, that
being the color Of the semi-transparent
epidermis. When the liquid is injected
into the ducts the color of the animal
changes, the tint depending on The degree
OF tension in the ducts. If nerve be
cut, the region of the chameleon's body
to which that nerve was distributed be-
comes at once deep black, and no more
color-changes occur over that area. If a
piece Of the skin be placed under mi
croscope it will appear black. Pass a
current of electricity through it and
there viii be seen white vacuoles, which
coalescs into irregularly- shaped masses,
and these in turn break up into minute
vacuoles again, leaving the field Of
greenish color. Stop the current and the
reverse order Of phenomena appears. NJ.
Bert finds that the effect of curare on
the chameleon is to give it very dark
color, while chloroform, on the contrary,
lightens the tint; but when given in
quantity sufficient to destroy the animals
life, chloroform darkcns the color. Bert
is disposed to believe that the chameleon
possesses . special set of color-nerves"
distinct from the motor and sensory
systems, and that these nerves are under
the control Of the willv. Fitzgerald. in
Popular Science Monthly for March.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11

ter weather, destitute of warm HOUSINGS
and generous hanketings, Of course i il
cruel to rob him OF the protection
afforded by nature but where the reverse
is the case the appearances Of the anl-
nal may be improved BY clipping With
out detrscing from it, comfort or inJuI-
ing its health Whether clipping is cruel
or not, therefore, depends entirely upon
the reatmest of the animal after the
clipping takes place.-7sledo Blade. sv
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
Fauna Of the Mammoth Cave.

INTERESTING additions to our knowl-
edge of the fauna Of the Mammoth Cave
have recently been made by Mr.. F. W.
Putnam, Of Salem. Mass, who, as a
special assistant ON the Kentucky State
Geological Survey, Of which Prof. n. S.
Shaler is the director, had great faclli-
ties extended by the, proprietors of the
cave, and he made a most thorough ex-
animation of it fauna. especially in rela-
ton TO the aquatic animals. Mr.. Put
nam passed ten days in the cave, and by
various contrivances succeeded in OBJ
tanning large collections. He was par
iicularly fortunate in catching five speci
mems of a fish Of which only one small
individual has heretofore been known,
and that was obtained several years ago
from a well in Lebanon, Tenn This
fish, which Mr.. Putnam had previously
described from the Lebanon specimen
under the name of Chologaster Agassizit,
is very different in its habits from the
blind fishes of the cave and other subter
ranean streams, and is of a dark color.
It lives principally on the bottom and is
exceedingly quick in its motions. 1t be.
longs to the same family as the two
species of blind fishes found in the cave
He also obtained i've specimens Of -four
species of fishes that were in every re
spect identical with those OF the Green
River, showing that the river fish do al
times enter the dark waters of the cave,
and when once there apparently thrive
as well as the regular inhabitants A
large number Of the white blind fishes
were also procured from the Mammoth
Cave and from other subterranear
streams In one stream the blind fishes
were found in such position as to show
that they could 60 into daylight If they
chose, while the fact Of finding thu
ChOlogaster in the waters of the Nam
moth Cave, where all is utter darkness
shows that animals with eyes flourish
there, and is another proof that color i
not dependent on light. Mr. Putnam
found the same array Of facts in regard
to the crayfish of the cave, one species
being white and blind while another
species had large black eyes and was O
various shades of brown color. A
number Of living specimens Of all tn.
aforementioned Inhabitants Of th,
waters of the cave were successful,
brought to Massachusetts after having
been kept in daylight for several weeks
proving that all the blind cave animal.
do not die on being exposed to light, a:
has been stated.-Nnture.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11
4 Golden Lon.

81 Mr.. ]. T. BLACK, who owns I saw min
at Sheffield, Ca, near Conyers, was en-.
gagged on Friday last in saving pine
log into plank and while the saw was
cutting its way with lightning speed
through the pine harsh, rasping sound
was heard. as though the saw. had struck
some metallic substance. The saw was
examined to ascertain the cause, when.
to the establishment of those present. it
was discovered that there were twenty.
six $40 gold pieces imbedded in the wood.
There was also piece of paper found
among the coin upon which was written
these words: Zone mile from this Won
viii find something valuable The as
constituent Of the parties ct this dis
covery y a. great and for time the bust
ness OF saving logs was discontinued
and the remaining logs were examined
. see II there were any more treasures
coAceaied n them. The excitement has
heea intense u ~ neighberhood ever
since. No Reasonable explanation as to
Who placed tAs money there has vet been
and the matter is likely TO remain
: mystery for III time to come.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11

SxAI1s were a favoriie article OF food
among the ancient Romans, VINO fattened
them in Enclosures (coc.lsoria) made for
the purpose, feeding them upon meal and
boiled wine. In Pliny's time snails from
Barbary were considered to have the
finest flavor; and, next to them. the
snails Of Sicily were held in esteem
Varro states that some Of these mollusks
that had been delicately dieting upon
meal and wine grew to such size that
their shells would hold ten quarts OF
liquor. Were this SO. and the creatures
allowed to have their fill, they must have
got royalty drunk every day OF their
lives. In modern Rome snails are no less
priced than they were in the ancient city,
and are sold by women from door TO
door. In Palermo snails may be bought
in the streets hot from the dish in which
they have been boiled with herb and to-
matoes Crowds of the canaille stand
about the baskets of the vendors wait
ing for the delivery of the mollusks
steaming in their calcareous cases.
A century ago Ulm exported annually
about LOCO 900 of snails packed in Gags
of 10, 600 each, and bringing from twenty
five to forty forms Gag. In the Tyrol
the snail-trade gives employment TO num-
bers Of the inhabitants. In the summer
months children are kept busy collecting
snails as stock for the snail-gardens.
These are small. cleared plats of land,
| covered with herbs of moss and pine
twigs, and separated from each
other by moats. The snails are fed upon
| grass and cabbage-leaves-a less dainty
| diet than the snails destined for ancient
Roman tables were brought up on.
After the snails in the Tyrol gardens
have fed until their season is over they
retire into their shells for their winter 5
sleep, and are left undisturbed until
spring. They are then gathered, packed
in boxes and sent TO market. On the
average, each garden viii turn out 10000
snails
| In Paris, Burgundian snails are sold
for a halfpenny apiece, and $500 worth
are consumed in the course of the year.
The trade has assumed such dimensions
| that special market for its accommoda-
ton is becoming a necessity, and the ex-
pediency of a tax upon snails is being
considered by the authorities.
Snails may be seen upon a few tables
in England. The common garden snails
are eaten in some districts by the lower
classes. In Turtcns s. British Land and
Fresh Water Shells" we read that The
glassmen at Newcastle once year have
a snail-feast; they generally collect the
snails themselves in the fields and hedges
the Sunday before the feastday."-Chi-
cago Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-03-11

TILE girl at the age of three who is
bored by grimacing aunts and uncles
with the stereotyped query: Tell me
whom you love best.' probably hasn't
the dimmest prescicnce that the question
will be repeated to her by the light of
the moon or in coy sittingroom in a
far more imnassioned manner a dozen
years or so later.