New-York tribune., 1875-12-10
CHINA and the UNITED STATES
EXTRACTS. FROM TIE DIPLOMATIC CORRE-
SpONDFNCE


SPONDENCE.
HORRORS OF THE cooIIE TRADE IN cUBA-cHTNEsE
CADETS FOR WEST PoINT-or1UM-sMoKING-
HOSTILITY OF THE CHINESE TO INTERNAL ISL
PROvEMENTs-A CHINESE AMAZON.
WASHINGTON, Dec. S.-One of the most inter-
esting topics in the diplomatic correspondence between
the Legation OF the United in China and the state
Department Is the matreathent Of coolies In Cuba. The
Chinese Government during 1872 prohibited the emgra-
ton OF Chinese 10 Cuba, and inasmuch the Spanish
Charge GAfres complained that violation of the
treaty Of 1854 commission sent Cuba % inves
uga;e the condition OF the Chinese IL agreed be-
tween the representatives OF the two Governments that
the report of this Commission should be submitted 10 the
repre- enatves OF Great Britain, Russia, the United
States, France and Germany who 10 decide whether
China justified in suspending emigration. The Com
mission reached Cuba in March, 1874 and returned 10
Peking in January. 1875. The dispositions OF nearly
1900 coolies taken. The late Minister Avery thus
summed up the It is presented by the papers from
the Yamen and the Commissioners;
The treaty Of 964 provides tor free emigration only,
and the complete protection Of tine emgant with leave
to return 10 China at the expiration Of his service In
force or nveeed by asehoOd They have been couhned
and treated like prisoners in the barracoons at Macao
Ieated ON t6e vnv,g Firbt or nine ont of every ten
have been conveyed 10 Cuba against their Will Among
rank, Who are now held 90 unwilling Labor Many
jumped overheard on the voyage, Wild at the fraud
pTactced upon Them, crazed with the suffering ht{
endured from oyercrowding NTH and insufficient food
Prom the same esgses many died the shin. hold Old ana
ia ttn ded Oh the passage AIIlFeu III CuDa, s
their services were sold at a. Sreat piont
that each chinese decoyed or Kunhppen Mas MM
disposed Of for ing rom SlOO to LOCO Iue
to fbe Si.er nre ~ yye~vtlny m Cnba les than
they would receive in China, and insufficient for their
term OF labor. Then they kept work much be
yond The 10 hours daily provided IN the regulations are
mg4I lFn ngQfR TH
dcienty fed and from these causes die IN large numbers
anen their contracts expire, instead OF beng allowed
their freedom, they refuse to recOntrnct themselves
tbey treated yagTants and put upon the puDlc
work, ike convcfs unu they reenenge themselves,
sold into At the end ~ their second con-
tract they again subjected To the same nistreatrnt
Murders and suicide, sickness and death, follow
such wretched existence in many cases; ana
out Of more than 10000 VINO have gone TO cuba since
l-47 when the uatlc began, only 10000 remain ahVo
Thirty thousand have died SINCE the treaty was made ia
1s6i Of the l42422 Chinese IN all who have gone 10
Cuba 9l49 Went irom Macao alone and 3o'6yi OF ms
number, after the date OF the convention by wlleh Ma
Gao was excluded from the localities az which tue en-
sIEins oi coolies wac permitted Only l.-oV aDoeIs We
shipped from Chinese ports subsequent to the treaty made
with SPAN for a those ports the Imperial customs au
tLotes auu Ioeigh con,uIs Neie an rHtc,le cleth O
the trade OF crimps and kdnapers. The Commissioners
dence treatment and had tales OF suffering to tell
They would gladly return home, but the with
end Of tie terms OF labor, the detention in
dep0ts the forced retngagement for long terms the
treatment OF them when dsengaged "a yagabonds' the
extOrnOns pracCed upon them, the high rates az which
PASSPORTS are charged make escape rom the island ex
a.
49,! so % " ~ = & % ieYcry '' n s ane IteI that some
OF the dispositions NAV he dishonest exaggerated that
the very features Of the cOOe trarc put most
prominent and That ome things charged as wrongs may
De justified satisfactorily explained but after making
those charitable allowances there IL large re,iHun Oh
simple truth, going 10 show such injustice anu in1u
mainly as makes one shudder.
The representatives of the Ave powers, apprehendng
that the arbitration would be long aud tedious, en
deavOred TO find easier mode Of settlement Minister
Avery gives minute account of the negotiations be-
arbitrators the Spanish Charge dAfires. and
the Yamen. The conference finally broke up without re-
suit Mr.. Avery says:
With the earnest disposition 70 achieve settle
meut that snail provide for humane treatment o. the
poor coolies Prev ent any but voluntary emlstion on
alr terms in the future and do justice 10 China without
offending the I'ODye OF SPAN the i've representa-
cult The Chinese feel strong in their ease that they
satisfactory their pride than friendly settle
ment basis OF mutual concession IL Is useless 20
reason with them further They are far more AAeE 10
i've Of indefinite proloneaon Of quarrel already OF
three years standing, which may possibly be made more
unpleasant for them by the course that the new Spanish
Minister may pursue.
In one Of his interviews with the yiceroy Governor
General Of the Province ii Hung Chans Mr. Avery was
asked whether Chinese could be admitted to the Military
Academy West Point Mr.. Avery, in his letter 10 Mr.
Fish. wrote:
The act Of Aug B. SCI For the better organization
Of the military establishment" Statutes a Large vol
~ p 2ss, a. requires from each cadet an oath 81
allegiance 10 tie Constitution ana Government oil tnc
have been dictated 10y the sad examples of bad iaith
Afforded 10y the Rebellion is, So far az can ascertain the
only bar To admission Ia the Military Academy, IN
discretion OF tne President by appointment al large
Of any Chinese having tie prescribed age ana
literary qualifications: and this II, ! am right
and have not overlooked essential act,
would no bar in the Of Chinese applicant quail
ded "a above aud wiling take the prescribed Oath.
is probable. however, that 10 Chinese would care
To drnationdze himself and the very object III view
would bee t himself for usefulness iO his native conn
try. the only practical question remaining - this Would
tie state Department the War Department. or DOth
DE willing to recommend. and would Congress DE willing
10 authorize a matter Of good will 10 China and a.
means Of helping this Empire just appreciation OF
Western science the appointment by the President of
limited number OF properly qualified Chinese into the
Military Academy, without requiring OF them tie Oath OF
allegiance the United -dte-i II authority % TINS end
were granted one, two three experimental appoint
ght be- made by ectOn from the ranks Oh thosa
Chinese students u American schools who nave httcrV
been sent by the CHINESE Government unacr the
charge Of special commissioner, Nung Wing Who - NM
graduate OF OF our colleges. The special friend
ness and confidence felt toward the United satcs by
China evnced by her preference Of our country 10
other for the education Of portion OF her people n
guage learning. and arts an sure that the al
Chinese, out Of tnc GoOOO living IN our
country to tue Military Academy. would enhance the
good w m enjoyed by would contribute 10 the eDghi
eunent and advancement OF this people, aud would uti
mstely rebound % Uur D-terit adNIucenenL
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TIE EHH4 MINE SCAND1L.