The Rutland daily globe. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1873-1877, 1875-12-01
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wide sandy plains, in other places forming
| enormous deposits OF arglaceous slate,
inter-stratified with bands of sparry lime
stone. When the clearage planes are dis
tinct and perfect, and no unGecumposed
flint is contained in the strata, this slate af-
lords itch return for capital invested in
the manufacture of roofing material and
large slabs for various other purposes.
| Quarries of excellent slate are now extern
sively worked in many places along our
western border, and some in the central
part of the state. Piumbago, or graphite,
a ca;buret OF iron, is largely Incorporated
in some of the states of Vermont, especially
| in the outlying masses upon the TANKS of
| the Taconic range; but no mines o this
valuable mineral have. as yet, been dis
covered of suffirient extent and richness to
warrant their development. The present
| source of supply is Borrowdale, England,
and Ceylon in the East Indies. Eventually
the material for the universal pencil will be
supplied from our own hills. Lithomarge,
| the ochreous substance of decomposed he
MATTE, is abundant in many parts of the
state, and is here and there mined for use,
| a basis Tor paints and other purposes, tax
ing the name from the locality where pro-
duced. This mineral is generally found to
exist in the vicinity of veins of iron ore, or
near Ignite, the imperfect and only min
eral coal of Vermont.
The great variety, and diverse character
of the minerals of Vermont forbid even a
mention of but small part of their num-
Der: Some of the more important are found
in the following, and other localities: Gold
| iu Plymouth, Bridgewater, and Warren;
silver and lead, in Mt. Tabor, Bridgewater,
| Morristown and Thetford; hematite in
Inr av,I oil (1rI
Pittsford, Bennington and SALISBURY !;
magnetic, in Troy, Cavendish and VOL
colt; chronic iron, in Roxbury and Jay
copper, IN Corinth, Thetford, Shrewsbury
and Stratford; limestone and mari, in Col
chester, Rutland, Brandon, and most other
towns in the state; slate, in Mortified,
Castleton, Poultney and Fairhaven; lith-
omarge, in Brandon Dorset and Goshen;
plumbago, in Pittsford, Brandon, Hancock
and Middletown; asbestos and serpentne,
in Roxbury, Mt. Holly, Plymouth aud jay;
doomite, Middlebury, Jamaica and Roches-
ter; soapstone, Troy, Cavendsh, Bethel,
and Roxbury; marble, in Rutland, Bran
don, Pittsford, and towns north and SOUTH
The granite of Vermont is mostly east of
the mountains. In that rock some small
veins of mica are found but not worked to
any extent within the state.
FORESTS OF THE STATE.
The forests of Vermont, furnish timber.
in greater variety, and are more extensive
and valuable in character, than are to be
found in many sections of our country of
much larger extent. The great variety of
useful trees, which clothe our mountains,
and adorn our hillsides, well might forbid
even a mention of one half this number in
a PAPER Of this character, aud therefore
will not be attempted at this time.
The importance of their forests, TO the
people of this state, as whole, has been
very much underestimited, and partially
overlooked. And yet, as aids to agriculture
tney are OF great auu i,4.l.~---
tensive forests are grand storehou>es of at
mospheric humdi y, and in the condensa-
zion of vapcrs, adding material y to the
rainfall of all wooded districts Water
-heds. denuded OF their timber, become dry
and arid, and the uumoeress li'tlc Streams
that once found their source IN The forest
shades, dry up and cease to flow. And the
ivers of such naked regions, run in greatly
,ssened volumes, cease 10 trrtIliz- their
banks, and curtai, ,her general uses. In
easons of exc, ssivr r'tin-, ,here is nnih NJ
10 reiaiu the watel upon the nakt slopes,
md the rivers become torrents, Al gents
of te ror AMI desiruct OF TO the DIV elIers
along their cure. Il is very evident to
c itical observers ma TIE running water
If ali wooded cou trit S diminshes, rs well
the rainfall IN about The same IA 10 as
The forest lands are denuded OF their tin
her
Of the cone-heariDg trees. we have rep
esentatives of ali the family. Zines, IN
GUIDING spruce, hemluck ana the frs the
once valuable pine tlmher of Vermont,
watch was. at the date of its settlement.
the prevailing TIMBER in large sections of
the state, has become nearly exhausted,
and ID only found growing. n the present
nme, OF avaiiub size, III ~ioely sca tered
localities, and that of very interior quality.
Tn, list valuable of the pine lam ly, In
AZ V considerable quantity, NV left grow
ing in the state, is the mountain pine, or
spruce, and the hemlock, the former OF
which is in g eatest demand and The most
relied upon as building material of any
timber now produced in the state, and the
supply, even of that wood is becoming rap
idly exhausted. The spruce is an excellent
timber for many purposes, being Of re-
slnous character. 1t resists decay, when
protected from wet, and Is not subject to
the ravages of insects that pry upon, and
destroy many other kinds OF wood. Hem
lock, exposed to wet, or when buried 10 the
earth, resists decay much longer than
spruce. and produces harder wood, that
"A. ~. In md
vet is considered valuable timber, and it
is largely used, in this state, for foundation
timbers and for fencing
Among the arborescent or hard wood
trees, a great variety of useful and orna-
mental timber may be found in the forests
of Vermont. The maple, the birch, and
elm, beach, cherry aud alders ; together
with oak, ash and hickory, Eastwood, pop
lar and tue willow most of them in two
or three varieties, of the same name, as
the rock, or sugar maple, q, Sdcchdrina
the black and the soft maple the birch
Betula Alba, has the yellow, the black and
the white. There are also many kinds or
oak, of elm, and ash, all more or less valu-
able as timber, whenever applied to their
proper use in the mechanic arts. The
maple, of some kinds, is highly priced Tor
cabinet work. being very ornamental, es-
peclally the curltd and the pitted, the lat
ter called. birds eye maple. These parti-
cular kinds of maple, are only to be found
in the northern part of the United States.
aud the Canadas, OF British America, from
which country it is exported to England,
and sold in London at remuneratng prices.
Among the birches, some kinds produce
beautiful and valuable timber, which
might be exported at n large profit, from
this state. The yellow and the mountain,
or black BIRCH are now shipped, in consid-
cradle quantities, from the British possess
sions in Americato England and to Russia.
In The latter country il is used, both the
wood and the bark, rs a tan, TO impart the
scent to Russia leather, when is thereby
rendered remarkably durable
The beach tree, fa9ue ssloestas furn-
ishes n timber ot somewhat peculiar char
acter it is exc lent, Tor IT, uniform tex
tire and renal kahle ciOspneSs far many