davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Brahmas as NOn-Sitters.

The change in the natural predisposition
Of the Brahma attribute to the system Of
feeding which l have adopted which is all
in the direction of keeping the egg machine
running, and giving no opportunity for the
fowls to get lazy and lay on fat. Indian
corn, which is the great staple in common
use, have almost entirely discarded as too
heating, and rely principally upon stale
wheaton bread, which can be purchased very
cheap, and table scraps, mixed with little
provender, and fed hot in the morning, with
whole grain of some kind-wheat, buck.
wheat or barley-at night; nothing at mid.
day in summer or winter. In the summer l
cut grass very fine, and mix with the morn.
ing meal, alternating with mashed boiled po-
tatoes, and in the winter add little stimu.
lant, like ginger or cayenne, occasionally
This system of feeding, with plenty of fresh
water warm in winter), has given me all
the fresh eggs have needed for family Of
eight persons, without the nuisance of a lot
of brOody fOwls.-H. Woodward, in Fan.
cierS' Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
aREVITIEs.

Connecticut produces eight to ten million
pounds Of tobacco per annum.
The planters in Alabama ore planting for
large crop Of corn this season.
Josiah Hamblct Of Charleston made 2025
lbs. maple sugar from 4S0 trees.
Western New York is said to produce
onc-half Of all the apples in the United
States.
The expenses of the National Grange last
year are now officially placed at "abOut
100000"
From three to five hundred horses and
mules have been killed in Fayette County,
Tennessee, by the Buffalo gnats.
The next session of the American Pomo-
logical Society will be held in Chicago on
the Sth, 9th and 10th of September next.
The Philadelphia Press says the Pennsyl-
vania wheat crop alone will fall short near
ly ten millions bushels OF the average yield.
The New Orleans PicdyIne says the
fruit yield this season will be quadruple
that of last year, and the largest ever known
at the South. Peaches and grapes will be
chpeclally aDuuuunJ'
One half of the whole cultivated areas in
Great Britain, or about 23,000000 acres,
is given up to permanent pasture and meadow,
and the average yield Of hay from it is only
2Ol6 pounds per acre.
Simeon Robbins, of Craftsbury, sold O
pair Of yearling steers to Stratton and Gage
for the meat cart that weighed before dress.
ing 1880 pounds. Amasa Scott also sold
one to the same parties that weighed 900 lbs
1t is stated that of about 1000 horses
which have died in New York city during
the past winter 800 had died from rot auC
other diseases Of the hoof caused by travel
ing in salted sOsh, and l27 from nails caugh
in their feet
The United States Salmon Breeding il
California is TO be carried on.this year on
larger scale than ever. Last year it wai
the largest in the world, and this year thu
extent Of its operations is to be doubled
1t will be, as heretofore, under the charg
of Mr.. Livingston Stone Of the U. s. Bisl
Commission. Ten millions salmon eggs viii
be procured if possible.
The NeD England Farmer says From
twenty to thirty quarts Of Hungarian gras
seed is enough for an acre the latter quan
tity will give finer quality Of hay, aud
not too much the land is rich and not to,
dry. This crop does best Ou warm corn Ian
and il should not be sown till settled warn
weather, say from the first Of June to th
beginning OF July. The price Of seed yarie
from $500 bushsl upwards, according I
the demand. We have known it as high a
S4.OO, but usually it can be bought for iror
| $500 to $3.50 per bushel at retail.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
" Horn ALL"

have noticed considerable said of late
about horn ail." You will remember that
much used to be said of this when we were
boys. You know that father used to send
for an old quack of cow.doctor to visit
sick COW, who would always pronounce the
ailment, no matter what it was, the horn
all" | well recolect the remedy: take q
gimlet, bore q hole into the horn on the un-
der side, then make a compound of salt, pep
per, and vinegar, and take a syringe and
squirt it into the horn, and the cow would
jump and act as if she was crazy; and then
the cow-doctor would straighten up, and say,
" There, | told you she had the horn all"
| know as skilltul physician as there is in
Worcester County, who says, there is just
as much sense in taking gimlet and boring
into mans skull and squirting that COM
pound into his head, as into cows horn"
have had, in my dairy experience, a
number Of cows troubled with what the
quacks call horn all, !" and the best remedy
L ever tried was this "Take tobacco (which
L never used but for medicine) and simmer
it in hogs lard on stove, and take the
compound and rub it on the head about the
horns to the tail along the back. never
lost COW Of what is called the " horn ALL
So much for this old aiment that has of late
excited considerable interest among farmers
in this section, awakened, it seems, by the
late address Of Prof. Cressy, of the agricul-
tural college before the Massachusetts, cheese
factory association in Barre. | think this
old superstition is giving away before the
diffusion of knowledge among farmers. Let
all such old whims be driven out, whether
Of the farm yard or the famiy.-BostOn
Cultivat0r.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Women in the Garden.

However aghast some " fine ladies may
regard the idea of working in the garden,
consider it one of the most wholesome means
Of exercise within our reach. Wholesome
especially, because we have an object-and
an interesting one in taking this exercise
which is the growth Of flowers and plants.
Before commencing work in the garden, put
on pair of worn-out leather gloves, a broad
brimmed sun-hat, and pair Of good, stout
boots; ifnot stout, then wear pair of thin
gum oversboes. The dsmpness of the soil is
very liable to produce cold" Don't be
afraid that the labor will hurt you, even if
you should become very tired on the con-
trary, it will strengthen you, give you rosy
cheeks, and may add years to your life.
There is not a spring that do not spend
two weeks at least in the garden, and tell
you that to me there is nothing so agreeable,
| may say fascinating; and this feeling is
doubled when L see the fine flowers and
good vegetables growing and put upon the
table from my own handiwork. German.
to'0n Telegraph.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
To the Reader. Of the Farmer.

In taking the chair of agricultural editor
of the VERMONT FARMER have not sufii'
cient vanity to assume that am capable ol
teaching the farmers Of Vermont upon the
subject of farming. 1t is my purpose rather
to join with them in the discussion Of ques-
tions of common interest, to CLEAN for their
benefit that which is most valuable and sug'
gestive in the agricultural press, 10 keep
them informed OF the progress OF improve
ments in all matters pertaining to farming,
and to iucite in their minds, so far as in my
power a spirit Of emulation in the noble
cause of raising the farmer to higher in.
tclectual, social, and pecuniary level. Be
leving, as do, that the soil Of Vermont
holds mine of wealth which will afford q
return for those who labor with intelligent
enthusiasm, fully equal TO the average
gained in any other occupation; that no
greater degree Of self.denying labor is neces-
sary to secure success in farming than 10
trade or the professions that its independ-
ence, healthlulness and opportunities for the
real luxuries of life and for social enjoy
ment are superior to those afforded by any
other calling, shall strive to persuade
young men just entering upon active life
with glowing dreams Of success, to give their
abundant zeal and strength to this noblest,
Suraef and co fact vooatinn
shall recognize with cheerful gratitude
the light that science is throwing upou the
path of the farmer, the helpful and timely
assistance which inventors are offering, and
the benefits which breeders Of improved
stock and origiHators Of new varieties Of
grain and crops are conferring, for the COM
mon good of all and even higher than these
shall l appreciate the results of the observa-
tion and experiments of farmers themselves,
whose contributions to the fund Of agricul-
tural knowledge arc of more value than all
others, and who make the ultimate test
which accepts or rejects the offerings Of all
the others, who in comparison are mere the.
orists.
Farmers everywhere are invited to writo
to the paper. They are assured that their
communications are regarded as most val
uable feature Of the FARMER. Brief de.
seriptiops of actual operations in raising
crops or stock, and of farm Improvements,
with the results, whether favorable or other
wise, are especially acceptable.
trust the readers of the FARMER will
bear with charity the shortcomings of the
agricultural editor, keeping in mind that the
work given to the paper is done in hours un-
willingly yielded from the field and farm
yard by a busy farmer.
O. HORACE HUBBARD.
Springfield, w., May 10, 1875.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Experience with Fodder Corn.

Warren Percival, Of Cross Hill, Me.
writes to the Boston CultiratOr in regard tc
his success with fodder corn. lie says;
write few lines TO try 10 induce farm.
ers to cultivate more fodder corn. Being
aware that there are diversities of opinion
as to its value, l will give mine. For 10
years have raised more or less every year,
and have come to regard my farm opera.
tons deficient without patch for use forall
my aDimhls in and around my buildings, in
small quantities daily, as soon as il is sufi.
ciently matured, which in majority Of cases
is quite too late, by reason OF too late plant.
ing. Some of our most intelligent sgricul.
turists, among whom are Harris Lewis and
Loring, denounce it in strong terms, as con.
tanning an excess of water. think their
objections could. chiefly, be obviated early
planting, as the fodder will be more mature
when fed, at such time and such quantities as
the animals will relish.
l apply fair quantity of manure, cult.
vate it in making the soil mellow, furrow-
shoal from 2 to p feet between rows, plant
the corn some 20 kernels to the foot. When
the corn is from 6 to 8 inches high, run a
cultivator between the rows to keep down
weeds and stir the soil. prefer sweet corn
IStowell's Evergreen is usually recommend
ed as it is less bulky and more nutritious.
prove it before planting to be sure it will
grow. Plant from May 20 to June 20 !;
hence it natures very much before using.
| begin to feed early especially if the sea-
son be dry cutting the fodder "a hours
before feeding. an very confident that if
any farmer would cultivate and feed what
he can well consume, he would decide that
this crop is as profitable as any raised upon
his farm; while there Is none so much
neglected and abused
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28

items as the cost Of cultivating one acre Of
beets Flowing the land, SO drawing ma.
nure, 81 spreading manure and narrowing,
SO ridging land and sowing seed, $3.50, (,
cultivating five times, s5; hoeing twice, So !;
total, S33, as the cost of cultivatng one
acre which yielded 1850 bushels The cost
in labor was triae over three cents per
bushel. Add to this the use Of land, ma
nure, aud seed, and the whole cost Is between
five and six cents per bushel, and worth 10
any farmer from 10 TO 70 cents per bushel,
depending on the location, the kind Of stock
fed to, and manner of feeding. Every OBJ.
serving feeder knows that any succulent food
in the shape Of roots fed to stock in winter
in connection with this dry food, increases
the appetite and promotes health, and there
by improves their condition. The various
profitable uses to which all kinds Of roots
can be applied should induce farmers to
grow them more extensively than they do at
present.-Henry Lane, Of w., in Neto York
LffO~He. 80 .f .rH......f e. frF
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Our Obligation to Dumb Animals.
by DIR. LoRINa.


need not tell you how we all depend up.
on the dumb creatures which wait upon us
during life, and at their death feed and
clothe us. From valley and hill, from
prairie and mountain they come flocking in,
the patient servants Of their imperious mas
ter. They offer themselves a living sacrifice
to the majesty Of civilized man, suffering as
he yields to poverty and hardship and bar
barism, aud rising with him as he rises into
his conditions Of luxury and ease aud eoono-
my and fitness Of purpose. The great com.
munity of cattle, who shall write its history
How ii has been controlled by the social
laws which make the world what it is,-how
it enables the great community of man to
dwell here on the face of the earth-how it
stands the pedestal upon which nobler fab.
ric rests--how its condition tells the tale of
races higher in the scale of being. That
strange and mysterious relation between man
and animal, everywhere recognized, every
where felt, that mutual dependence, each up
on the other-that intelligent appropriation
aud cultivation on the one hand, that uncon-
scious aud entire obedience and submission
of all the great vital forces on the other !;
who can tell it all? And superior as we
may be, powerful, controlling and independ-
ent, can any man contemplate the magnitude
Of the charge were the sovereignty OF this
great community Of cattle to be asserted and
mans dominion be suddenly broken2 From
the feeding Of armies and the sustaining of
the busy throug who fill the places of power
aud trust, down to the nourishing drop which
supports the feeble child in its first grasp
upon life, it is the domestic animal which
hears our long and constant human appeal,
and never hesitates in its devoted and self
sacrificing reply. In parks, in meadows,
before the cottage door, with an entire and
unresisting submission to circumstances,
there come to man from his dumb ally food
and raiment, aud an unceasing claim upon
his skill and his humanity. 1t Is the animal
kingdom which forms one of the liveliest
charms of q cultivated landscape in motion
or in repose. Aud man mover succeeds in
subduing the earth, and realizing its quiet
domestic beauty, until he has enlisted those
servants, without whose aid agriculture must
fail, and whose value is commensurate with
the progress made in the great business Of
applying all animate and inanimate nature
to the necessities and adornments of civil
lied life,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Value of Straw as Food for Farm Stock.

Prof. W. o. Atwater, in paper on
" How science is saving money and increas-
ing the profits of farming" in the Agricul-
turist for May, contrasts the utilizing of
straw in England and its waste here, and
explains in very lucid and interesting man.
ner, why it is valuable, aud how to save the
digestible substances. He says that on Eng.
lish farms straw is stacked as carefully as
hay and sold for guinea $500 gold) per
ton for feeding. Iu this country tho land is
not manured as heavily and the grain stands
too long, the straw becoming Over-ripe.
To get the full benefit Of all the digesti-
Bile material in straw, other things must be
mixed with il. For these reasons. to Sc.
cure success in feeding stock the food must
contain just such quantities of Albuminoids
(nitrogenOus material, which 60 to make
muscle or lean Aesh) and carbohydrates,
(which go to make fat, and produce animal
heatl as are adapted to the wants of TIE
animal. Straw has large percentage of
carbohydrates and very small percentage
of albumnoids All of the caseine and much
Of the fat Of milk comes from albuminoids !;
all the lean meat and much of the fat as
we'll as muscular force come from albumin
oids. Therefore it is necessary to mix With
straw some food rich in nitrogen, such rs
clover, oil cake, bean or pea meal. Bran
shorts and corn meal contain considerable
albuminoids though less than the other ma
terials.
Our lands need nitrogen in the manure as
cattle do in the food, and if we use nitrogen
Gus food we shall have richer manure and
larger crops.
German experiments show that the albu-
minoids can do the work of the carbo.hy-
drates in the nutrition of the animal, to
greater extent than the carbohydrates can
that of the albuminOids.
A dry COW, or an OK at rest requires one
part of nitrogen to eight of carbohydrates,
while straw Of oats, wheat or rye, cut while
green, and the grain in the milk has these
in the ratio of to IL or lS Mich cows
and oxen at work, require far greater pro-
portion Of albuminoids than Que to eight. 10
common hay the proportion of albuminoids
TO carbohydrates Is about / to 5, and this
is proper proportion for ordinary feeding,
but mich COWS do better on clover, which
has ] to "a.
A great deal of food which is ordinarily
considered very poor is really very valuable.
1t is only because it lacks nitrogen. To
realize its full worth for fodder other foods
richer in nitrogen must be added to it. In
this way cheap mixtures may be made rich
enough for all purposes of feeding.
One Of the chief defects in our agricul-
ture is the want Of nitrogen in food and in
manure. TO remedy this we need to use
nitrogenous products, and to cultivate brans,
peas, clover, and other crops rich in nitro.
gen. Especially let US have more clover as
the quickest and most available resort.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Curing Hams.

A correspondent of the Country Gentle,
man gives this good recipe for curing and
keeping hams
The best sugar-cured hams are prepared
by using to 100 lbs. Of ham, lbs. of rock
salt lbs. Of white sugar, and OF. of salt
Petre. Pack the meat in barrel. Put the
salt, sugar and saltpetre in water sufficient
to make brine that will cover the meat ;
heat and skim this liquid, and when cold,
pour it over the meat put a cover and
large stone on the top to prevent any part
FROM rising out Of the brine. They will be
thoroughly cured in about six weeks, but to
remain longer time will do them no injury,
as they will not become so salt in this prep
aration as to require iTeshening. When
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
What Crops Shall I Raise 2

A good many persons are still debating
this question and honestly seeking light
1t is an important question for a man that
must abide the answer for the next whole
year. 1t is a serious question for man
whose family depend on the result for sup.
port. Fortunately all men will not give it
the same answer. Generally the crop that
pays the best is the one desired, but some-
times this. proves poor expedient. Tobac.
co has had famous run in some Of the bet
ter portions Of New England, and some have
temporarily been gamers by it. But it is a
fancy article, with fictitious price, and a
dull market is particularly trying to those
who depend upon it. There will be less
raised, this year, in New England than
usual, for Ephraim never loved the service
Of this idol, and but for his large invest.
ments IN tobacco sheds and fertilizers would
gladly throw down the altar. Most people
prefer useful crop. Considering the labor,
a good crop Of hay pays reasonably. Early
potatoes and late turnips on the same land
are iavorite crops either by succession or
intermingling. Early sweet corn, tomatoes,
lima-beaus, spinach, lettuce, Strawberries
and onions usually do well for those who
know how to handle them. In fact any
Useful, necessary crop is safe, il the climate
and soil admit of it. Corn and wheat can
be raised to advantage in Few England, not
withstanding the granaries of the illimitable
West. Some think New England is the
genuine seed for both these cereals. We
know grain dealer who proposes, this year,
to make a second trial Of western corn.
Spring wheat should be sown as early as
possible on land that was well manured and
cultivated, last year, and is good crop to
stock with grass. Whatever the crop, give
it careful cultivation. and keep an account
Of it, 50 that in the future you can easier
tell what crops to raise.-Spirnqfeld Rep.
ublican.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
A Hint 10 Farmers.

In some sections-and it would be dc.
cided advance in thoughtfulRess and kindness
in all sections-farmers give each of their
boys, and girls, too, strip of land to raise
whatever they choose upon it, and dispose
of the product for their own benefit. 1t is a
favor that they all appreciate, and it is
pleasant and serviceable employment for
them in their leisure hours. They will vie
with each other in their skill at raising their
little crops, and the proceeds applied to their
own use, are frequently of some value and
the whole arrangement, while it instructs
them in the cultivation of the soil, early
implants in the children the idea OF thrift
aud economy. Sometimes, where good
many animals are raised, a pig, a lamb, a
calf, up to even a colt, according to the age
Of the children, is given to each to rear and
keep or sell. Farmers, think Of this; it
will more than repay you in the happiness
and confidence it will impart to your sons
and ghters.-Germanto'0n Telegraph.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
WHOLE NO. 234.

taken out Of the brine, they should be smok-
ed lightly the smoke from maple chips or
corn cobs gives the best flavor. .f.5 M
Hams cured in this way may be kept for
summer use by wrapping each ham closely
in paper or tie up each in a paper bag,
and pack them in box or barrel, with dry
wood ashes, putting thick layer on the bot
tom, also covering them generously with the
ashes Cared for in this manner, hams will
not become mouldy or rancid, and the flies
cannot get at them.
Those who relish sliced boiled ham in sum-
mer, or count ham sandwiches a luxury for
lunch in August---try it,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Thorough Culture for Destroying Weeds.

The Germantown Telegraph has this good
advice;
Our remedy for noxious weeds is thorough
cultivation. If piece Of ground is full of
briers, milk-weed, couch-grass, sodom-apples,
Canada thistles, sorrel, toad flax, or other
miserable stuff that so often tries the mettle
of our good farmers let them put the ground
in corn for couple Of years or SO, keeping
the cultivation going continually, and espe-
cially going in the earliest parts of the sea-
son, and the toughest character among these
weeds will fail to stand the ordeal. If the
hand-hoe can be spared to 60 in among the
the hills of corn occasionally, where the teeth
Of the harrow cannot reach, or to cut of
here and there one which the harrow may
miss, bad case may be cured in a single
season. But If this cannot be done, couple
Of successive years with sharp-toothed cul-
tivator among corn crop will generally do
the business for tho worst case that ever
was.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28

have indicated are hatched at an unnatural
season they commence laying at an unnat-
ural season and they are kept under arti6-
cial circumstances all through the best por.
tion Of their lives, but, if their wants are
fully supplied, they may be the most profit
able stock on the farm, even at the present
low prices. .uH 10 1lea1 l-Ii'af
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-05-28
Hon. Geo. f. Edmunds has our thanks for
valuable public documents.

The frequency of drouth reminds the dai.
ryman of tho necessity Of providing green
forage of some kind. The most common
crop is fodder corn. Land should be well
manured aud the seed sowed in drills three
and One-half feet apart, with three to six
kernels to the foot. Too much seed is usu-
ally sown. We prefer sweet corn. Hunga-
rian grass may be soWn in june after the
weather and the soil are warm.