The New York herald., 1875-11-19
AMERICAN COMPLICATIONS.
Our WARS AND RUMoRs or INTERPRETATIONS
WITH GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND SPAIN,
AND THEIR CAUSES.

The existing disputes with Spain serve 10 recall the
which cd threatened to lead to war in the
past our young Republic scarcely established
until complications with other Powers began agitato
parties in this country and disturb the people The
first Of these with Americas earliest friend and
since that has party spirit higher than
during that famous controversy. The troubles with
France began in 1893 Citizen Genet came 10 this
country IN that year as Minister from the French Re-
public, and at once became active agent in foment
ing war between the United States and Great
Britain. Attempting to Gt out priyateers iroHi
our ports to prey upon British com
merce he was th~arted by the President,
but he not disposed to acquesce ard made an ap-
peal from the government to the people This caused
great excitement and his recall by the French govern
ment demanded by the United States This was
complied with but party feeling was not aoated,
mostly because of the obnoxious conduct OF Great
Britain in holding certain forts in the West which be
ongcd under the treaty Of 1888, and in impress
ing American and seizing American vessels
These English difficulties ended in 1894 by the
Jay treaty but the promugaton OF the treaty was re-
ceyed with extraordinary clamor and the cause OF
renewed efforts the part Of France to stir up strife
Discriminating and annoying DEGREES directed
against commerce. and Mr. Pinckney, the Amer
lean Minister at Paris rudely insultcd by the
French government For a time seemed inevitable
and the Pres sdent message to Congress in 1898
recommending for the protection OF our com
merce 1t will thus be seen that the disputes between
the two countries lasted over Ave years before il
reached its climax and both Congress and the country
about evenly divided the question. Jefferson
violently opposed the policy of the administration and
described the Presidents message "inianmatory" !"
The debate in Congress long and acrimonious and
the and other newspapers violent in their
appeals AS result of ali this the two countries were
in state of quasi war trade between them sus-
pended and had they been contiguous TO each other
the actual shock of could have been avered
Almost simultaneously with this issue the war
with Tripoh. The Barbary States the nurseries
pirates and the United States forced into the
purchase OF with them The treaty with Trpo
the last OF the SERIES and was purchased by the
payment of gross sum down. with which the Bey af-
terward dissatisfied and threatened and subse
quently declared against the United States In
this desire he was accommodated and Commodore Dale
was despatched TO repel hostities.
THE WAR OF 1872
The causes which led to the War Of 1912 too well
known to require any elaborate statement Of them
now That struggle grew OF the famous orders in
council and the question OF the right OF search Under
the policy OF the English government relating to neu
trails many American vessels were seized by British
cruisers and condemned in British Admiralty courts
These acts led to declaration OF war by the United
States against Great Britain the basis Of which was
reported in Congress June 1872 and the 18th of
June following the President signed the act declaring
war This action and the hostilities which followed
were owing not much TO the actual outrages com
mitted upon American vessels TO the principle
which was involved.
JAcKsoS's FLORIDA
When France ceded Louisiana to the United States in
1903 it was declared to be with the extent it
had been ceded by Spain to France THIS led to the
claim on the part of the United States the country
vest OF the Perddo RIVER and it taken possession
OF by our government in 1911 There were, however,
frequent disputes in regard the OF individuals
and many committed by the Spaniards inim-
ca to the United States During the war with Great
Britain British expedition fitted out from Pensa-
cola consequence of which General Jackson marched
against the place and captured IT, The Seminole war
1917 led 10 the second capture Of the place by Jack
the following year That hero also captured ST.
Marks about the time, but both places were
subsequently restored TO Spain These complications
fortunately did not lead TO war between the two
countries but what is better the cesson of Florida
to the United States.
INDEMNITY COMPLICATION WITH FRANCE.
The question or French spoations has always been
fruitful OF trouble between France and America
but the remarkable episode connected with the
payment OF these indemnties took place during Gen
eral Jackson's administration. The effort 10
some recompense for the many outrages which had
been committed called out from President Jackson
very vigorous and threatening demand for payment
This action very distasteful TO the French Cham
bers; while il willing TO pay the indemnity, an
apology demanded, and it was reported that
French squadron coming TO enforce the demand.
ton OF policy OF Genet and effort dictate
10 the government through the people
THE AsHBURToS TREATY
The boundaries between the revoted colonies or
Great Britain and the remaining British possessions
North America were in dispute for sixty years. The
line controversy that which divides the State Of
Maine from Lower Canada According TO the treaty or
1888 the boundary liked aong the highlands which
divide the that empty themselves into the River
ST Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic
ocean, The objection OF the British government TO
this boundary was in fact that the line brought
within distance OF twenty miles from the River st.
Lawrence thus enabling the United States TO command
ana overawe that and the fortress OF Quebec Aer
thirty years negotiation the question was submitted 10
the arblrament OF the King Of the Netherlands and al
though he executed his trust Great Britain steadily
refused to accept his award. The question remained
open for thirty years until finally II determined by
Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster by the terms Of what
Is now known the Ashburton treaty.
THE
When the Northeastern boundary question
settled by the Ashburton treaty the Northwestern
boundary was still left undetermined Upon Mr.
Polks accession 10 the Presidency in 1876 the cry OF
sfnevitabo warwas heard all the country owing
to the strong language OF the President his inaugural
address Notwithstanding negotiations were going on
the he declared that title TO the whole Of
Oregon was clear aud ndisputable declaration which
reused the spirit Of both countries and seemed TO make
an appeal unavoidable. Mutual concessions
followed however and the present line established
as the boundary between the United States and the
British possessions the same year.
THg MEXICO.
The Mexican the direct result Of the acqus
tion OF Texas Opposition the aggrandizcmcnt OF