New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-03-19
THE ITALIAN ENGINEERS ESSAY.


ing along the OF the ZOO which 1t contains
about The immediate neighborhood of Rome are
covered with vineyards, villas and peasure-gardens !;
all the pasture aud wheat fields. The whole ter
rtory extremely unhealthy aud entirely depopulaed
In the vineyards above mcn oned are dwellings, for the
peasants who spend the Winter there but from June
un October they sleep In the city TO escape nervous
intermittent ievers The rest OF the Agro Romano does
possess dwellings for the peasants and Is Gull
Svated by labOrers from the neighborng provinces,
especially Marshes and the Abruzz They arrive
about the middle OF october and return home toward
the end of June to escape the of the fever
These workmen nhabit natural or artificial caves III The
volcanic ufa or build themselves straw huts. where
their beds are arranged like berts IN shp ana Were
81 needless the dirt and insects are frightful
The population in summer shTnks to 1900 twohit1s OF
whom attacked by the fever Wthouta settled pop
ulston and scOurged by fever the Agro Romano Is cu
tvated in a unknown TO the rest OF Italy, except
perhaps in the Tuscan Maremme where, however, the
mode Of cultivation Is far better. ,
1ug OF sheep the raising OF wheat The land lies iaow
three or four years serves t pasturage an equal engn
the next year is planted with gran Inc experiment Is
then t is Invariably turned INTO pIsturage In some
localities Germ has been planted for the last twenty
years IN tn fields destined the next year for wheat
Meadows winch can be mown are scarce and irrigation
isouly used to ieshe9 the pastures without the object
OF producing second or thrd crop OF nay IN the same
year, as Is done elsewhere.
BACKwARDNESS or FARMING.
The principal industry is saeepraisng; are kept
for work. aud only for raising All OF these
give at the utmost little five quarts Of milk,
not sufficient for their calves When these to be
sold for the market, assigned to calf The
milk is seldom solo, although It brings high price IN
Rome-6 10 for less than quart (per HHe-lI6
pnts These cows, with Their extremely long Dorns,
srOng but are not good for dairy purposes or fatte
the market; that Rome in spite OF the great
extent OF It's own pasture lands, receives more
Sheep raised for their WOOL which is tolerd0y good
Tor their milk from which very poor cheese Is mace ana
sold for high prices to the lower classes who nhat the
southern provinces OF Italy ana also for the lambs,
winch solo TO the Roman markets, where they are
preferred 10 all other meat Good 1attened mutton
unknown or is brought from DINER provinces. Inc olG
fashioned IOwshare OF the Gay OF Nnma Is sun used
IL has no poWtall nor nance ih oioet 20 pIePe tHe
pasture Land sowing IL has TO De poWed SIX times IN
must lie iaIiow Year For oxen yoked to single
yoke attached TO each piow on the eud OF which the
Sogmnn stands rest DSel!, leaning against stlcA
9t 20 ,be npnds Of laborers who nave come
from distance, and the scarcely broken oxen do not
come their drivers. Iht oxen are uut oked at
short Intervals aud allowed 10 seek their food IN the
neds Inc leases forbid N. erection OF folds and
stables the OF the land fearing lest the grass
crop may be- diminished. In Summer when the ground
= very dry the oxen ration of bread, which is
throwD them on the ground ia large IhcIOsure ana
consequently most Of 1t rodden unGtr 1901 Sy the ami
mails The are driven mo tie woods where in the
cool shade little grass Grows. ana WnGre numerous
nSrshy pools. Which do not airy UP uu' I"'e Iulisn
q scany fodder. ,,- 49,, >,
srucuve 10 Its growth as INC ahlpds are Notl onu Oh
sine tender sprouts OF the oaks aud ems CERTAIN grass
plots which II would be absurd 20 can meauoWs are re-
Served in tie leases and caLnOt &c cultivated, IN order
THAT the may not be exhausted Many vi These are
nfiSatS icin only IN 0Tdrr TO have an opportunity
20 clear them Mdnurlng Is unheatd o. e&eeDi s1ch as
naturally results from the wandering herds ana locks
II u only lately that sheep folds nave been Introduced
and these only the most caCu farmers IL would ne
a long storJ . explain how abOrers arc obtained Tney
are engaged a wear before by person calIeu - Cor
nn5sIa% U,oTu0raD under whose charge they
Snrine HE whole time service. Food is supplied by
the farmer hires thel ana wAo naturally attempts
10 make profit out OF 1t by furnishing an lneIloT
anslIfy He provides the wOGknen with nuts; On the
approach Tue neat they sleep III inc open ar. as
would be impossible for them 10 remain IN ancit cap
yhey al paid ny day. Their lot has 0ee s"uc WAT
Improved by the railroad for as soon Us they sIcKen
tneiP homes tney secure substitute, and send him
49, nnmb.r of tncn however die il the pjsis Of
Rome ana IN the hci's III i')me theic - "a ira
teruity whose object Is 10 seer Ile si'h an oeI the
dead in no yaSua. Ine dead are buried ana that
"a me end CT tho matter. W.lMn year the inuncl-
"a lily of Rome has appointed physlclans-slx IL mum
Ser It is repOrJed~lO are cent TO different places IN
the CanpaoH t. help the SIGH
APPEARANCE OF TIE CAMPAGNA.
4 few words as . Campagna itself. It's broad
stretch Of country without human htbtatons. except
the remains Of some old dwellings ana Few palaces
once occupied occasionally by thef owners as country
rrs,dences Every farm has 1t Is true, one or more
bopses according TO its sze but these mostly
Treched condition. in actual rdIG, and generally
widely separated from one aGcther Inc CapaShd may
G dydc6 ip resprct to the SOIL three dlslnct
nsrt First the valley OF the bcr, extending rs far
Ssoa-sacra, where the river not lar from us mouth
divides This portion Il exposed TO nun
dntio1s and consists entirely OF pasture lands and
wheat fields Secondly, broad stp OF land along the
coast entirely nat, except for the occasloh' san1 NILS
There, as In the valley of tie Tlocr' thy
visitor nnds gram Ids ana pastures aud
also WOODS filled win pools OF standing water.
Tbirdiy the so-called Highland" which consists Of
number OF hills aud uplands, with steep deciiVIies,
divided FROM one another by laVihes ana DfGoAr' ana
forming valleys OF varying widE In these IN soil Is
deep and rich elsewhere the upper stratum dlthOnGh
thin Is rich and may be cultivated. ii rests. however
on suOstIatum VI volcanic tufa. and is liable u be
washed by the rains either into the 1lOeT INTO the
valleys As there Is no attempt made 10 carry of The
water IN regular channels wears gules IN the ground
aud sens,by dunlnlsnes the amount Of tabe land Ii
the Spring the country presents pleasant appearance.
the ana hcas are green ana the Landscape
dotted here and there by herds OF cattle, the
middle OF June every is ofeu up tnc sfh l. mar
vested, ana not blade OF Is 10 be except
where springs cause lte marshes covered win swamp
vegetation. The cultivated fields Enclosed by walls
or fences built OF Chestnut rails aud posts where
there are brooks the Traveller 1Ids square massive
basins ino which The water Tor me cattle Is conducted
BY pipes. The gardens III me vicinity OF Rome are
furnish the CITY WIN ITS vegetables. THESE
are either raised In the gardens outside OF the
FINALLY number OF horses are bred on the Cam
psens. but the race Is not specially good Tney nave
process has never been continued long enough per
ooudIton o. the Aero Romano. Rents On the average
rate at 80 francs tue hectare. ite over two acres
rents for loo francs and upward. In the plain
f Casera aud Ia Canpana, the rent OIten exceeds 800
esocs ner nectaro Rome Itself furnishes no agrcutu-
"a sborers even vineyard, the city culti-
xated by aiIOrcr5 from HelSADOrIng provinces. The
M yctgre Is gloomy bue tue, and the writer can
49, Id tnat since 1870 some improvements
INTRODUCED Gram Is NO longer tnreshed III inc oriental
fashion by driving cae oEn ~, pus orv 1G, , %
are gradually being introduced and one proprietor has
erected for Dis o1eD thereby gaming 70 per cen'
In fodder, besides the mahure'
THE MALARIA AND ITS EFFECTS.
tsno ti,os 10 consider the cause Of the above mel
.acboly stte of things and whether remedy Is
possible The main Of the above state OF things
il tho malaria which for the present renders any per
snanent population impossible. An important question
here arises whether the malaria has always hecn as
la