The New York herald., 1875-12-19

new small species which, although nrst discovered In
these remote regions viii probably be found on the
surface OF glaciers in other parts Of tho world
FowtA-Bcsides this very important geological
collection was made, especially containing tossIlized
plants, which give very complete idea Of the c-
mates during former geological epochs showing, for
example, that the theory lately embraced by many
eminent scientific authorties-namely, that hot
and cold climates have often alternated on the
surface Of the earth-is founded on real observaon
the contrary all the fossils found by the Arctic
regions show that until the commencement OF the Gre
taceous period tropical climate prevailed from the
Equator to the Pole and that that time the climate
only became colder by degrees until the glacial period
A GENIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT or THEIR GREAT VALUE
The great favor with which these and other scientific
results accepted in Sweden consolcd US for the
failure OF the attempts to penetrate far into the north
and on the very day that | returned
NEW EXPEDITION TO REGIONS
was planned the means for which again furnished
by Mr. Oscar Dickson. Thitherto most Of our expedi-
tons had examined sptzbcrgen the adjacent seas
and the nature fora fauna and gaca OF these parts Of
the icy unnhabtcd Arctic regions are now much bet
known than those OF many old European countries
II was therefore determined return to Spitz-
bergen, but to extend scientific researches to
Nova Zemba, country which had hitherto been
but slightly explored, especially to its eastern
shores and to the adjacent Kara Sea.
THE KARA SEA-
For years the Kara Sea has been regarded as en-
tirey inaccessible and almost all the expeditions for
merly there have been obliged to return before
reaching it, But when the fishing at spitz-
bergen began to diminish, and the Norwegian
warus hunters forced to seek fresh
places for their trade they went to Nova
Zemba first western shores and aftcrward when
the walrus and seals frightened from there tho
Kara Sea- and their experience showed that dur
ing certain this not inaccessible
was generally believed on the contrary, It seemed
probable that the Kara Sea- whose icy masses had
hitherto formed nsurmountable obstacle all pre-
vous attempts to reach the mouths OF tho large
Siberian rivers might certain be completely
open. Besides, the fauna and fora Of the Kara Sea
were entirely unknown These considerations dcter-
mined
THE PLAN OF THE NEW EXPEDITION
which was TO 60 at the commencement ofJune from
Tromso to Nova Zemba and TO spend the summer
there scientific researches being accompanied for
this purpose by four learned Swedes-viz, Drs.
Kjellman and Lnndstrom, botansts, and Drs.
Thee and stuksberg, zoologists-and then
to make an attempt later In the to penetrate
into the Kara Sea- and If possible reach the mouth
Of the Yenisei OF the OBJ whence with part OF the
expedition, would return by way of Siberia afer hav
ing sent my ships back to Norway. able to fol
low this plan almost exactly have had the honor of
giving to the readers OF your influential journal (the
HERALD account OF its most interesting phases.
A. E. NoRDENsKIoLD.
LETTER FROM MR.. OSCAR DICKsoN-THE GRAND
AND NEW HIGHWAY BETWEEN EUROPE AND
THE RUSSIAN As1AT1c EMPIRE.
GorHEsBuRG, Nov. &c, 1875.
To JAMES GORDON BENNETT, ESQ.,, PROPRIETOR OF
NEW York HBRALD:-
DEAR sR-The interest evnced by SO eminent
patron of geographical research yourself for my
pediton the Yense under Professor Nordenskiold,
is highly hattering, and shall gladly avail Of your
kind offer to receive further communications OF interest
that may be sent TO by the Professor. have lately
forwarded one such letter TO Captain Allan Young,
which he, doubt, has handed to you.
DR.. Pctermann, in his Mittheilungen, paper 81, cal
culates the watersheds OF the OBJ and Yenisei to
brace 1913 $50 German square miles, whilo all the
tries OF Europe Russia excepted contain only 1852
German square miles. From this statement opinion
may be formed Of the great consequences likely TO
suit from the highway now opened up between Eu-
rope and the Russian Asiatic Empire am, sir, with
greatest regards, yours very sincerely,
OSCAR DICKSON.