, 1875-07-24

mnrce, and nlt productive in iaetrinr, uhe,llrr
such rhataclcB bn In tho natHrO Ut Mt imperfect
education hf titc pco:ic, III thu natnrc NJ b.l
roads. high mountains. irn,,cneirntls fo.e-.,.
trackest deserts. popular prcludicc', " "a!
commercial rcAtrlrt.ons, which impede free in-
tcfcbangc Of commodities and seTyiccn.
why ihEs TRAnK ~ ROT INsEpfATELY ASD CSl-
SEnsALLY AttEITEh.
But tho 1l,es lun horo uatuiatly hrees, II the
above propositions III favuF Of Efee IlAtlG MIC
c0rtCct aid IT tho doctrine Of ulutcctiou IN as
falke mil injurious NJ it il represented IN bc
hnw haDpehh 1t that itco Trade doca nut At onco
meet ~i.h nniserrhl acceltance7 and how Is tho
adherence Of many men nf clear intellect a1ll
practical experience to the opponito doctrine
to bh accounted tos7 Ono of tho best answers
To thcAc questions wn. gwen br tue celebrated
written many Yeas ago, entitled "Ih"s
Which Il Eeou airl j hat Which Ia Not
Sccu." IN Which llo sho%el lint Protection ls
ma'I!tained mainly by a view Of what tho IIo.
slIctr gains mud concraf,nrtik pf what the can.
uulncr ioaea; nnd that # tho ossos Ut tho MILL
lth Wcso patcnt and palpabsc M tho urod.s Of
tho fow, Da natlnn would tolerate tic systcn! for
htHlo day. Protectihn acc1nnatee upoh O
HnH'e point tho Eotd "lIlc'. it effects, whe tho
evl which Il ln'EIctA in inflscIl throughout tho
community aH 4 w.lo!e. Tia EKt rcauls strikes
lilo eye At pnce; tho latter requires HnEne Iilscs-
tieatlon to l'ecomn c!snrIy rercers'Llc. Nan-
lind also divide themselves intp Two Cla..fH.-
rruducctA aud cnllhlitueIs. bu;e;n and sellrA
The inttroht Of producers aud sellers I. tha.
prices shall bh bHi. OF tl,at tl!e:e shall to Eeac
ity; tho lillofchtos conh'incrs and buyers IL tia:
pslctB shall DO low OR thai there hhall be abnl-
t!aiIce. J.verv PERSON viii al.n NJ onco al'ni.
tat it II iDr tho t,euctaf inter- 1t that there shall
hD Rslt!At,ce, 1Rtlcv ll,, E:arritr. JtlIt III tho
case of individuals cutr1lliu., lartn agencies fur
Urolnclon. their interest W ptU!n.ers ant
sellers Or lnrgs Gunatlties II cuni,uonities uay
10 ralo greater tiln t!,eir Interest as cp,i.
Eutnutn, II by thu n::l u lcg.!atiru tic rrce Ut
what they produce cat, bo raLsed. bT liscim.nat.
Ing laws. Extraordinarily over Mat they co:-
slime. ur IF tIn cust Vi Production. Men Ut
this rIars arc generally ricf beyun, tho average
OF tho Goln,nnnisv. aud therefore ttI''uc1tlai in
controlling le.is!n;un airI III determining tsca
policies; md 1t IL Lut natural t!;at tn no daig
tlloy Ehoufd cnuB4l;t their own iEtertntA rather
than til: Interests Of tho naH.ea. The lime.
hn*a7cr is suon coming. when the p"ol'to OF the
Ulitel Statca twill wake al IL wesu fom
dtca:i. aud ask who 1t waa that boraHased them
tha: tht way 10 .e rich was for everybody to give
aA 1uuch III Eo=h!bie for everything
roSrLrS1oS.
It only remains tr,ehy to uoticc tha testimony
OF lin!ury in respect to tho lnie:,cs Of free
| trade nv al ect'lutnIc principle upon the doyc'-
OiInent Of nations anil tho progress Of cyihxA-
ton. In tho earlier Ages itI Eurupy t1e principle
that trade or commerce il nntI,ally ndvanta-
Ea3lia and that after every fair mercantile tra;H-
/ auiion both parties arc ricber ttau hcfure, waR
mt understood. Un tic Contrary, the generally
ncrcttei theory an1up. both nations and inalyld.
| uas in respect TO tralo WAS tithlcaIly eni-
bodied by al old proyesb. "NAa. is one ma.,'s
| gain tnust DO apotllur mana loss" Co,nmcsco,
therefore, it WAS asaMmcd. conl ID benotit ono
couEsry only ~ il Injured so,no other.
rte, every State in chrissendom. in place
Ut rendering trads and commerce free,
c1crtcd itself to impose tho most bararsine re-
Atrlctlona commercial intercourse. not only al
lntwecu dilIerout co;lutries. but $50 as between
districts of the salno country, and ercn ny b.,
| tween man MD tnnn. II ono n1tiOn eaW pFOsit
in any ony manufacture NIL her efforts reic at
once directed to frustla.a tlle attempts pf other
natioua to engage IN the ssne industry. SIN
must encourage tho importation OF oil tue raw
materials that cntcrod ino its trodactiont md
| adopt Hu opposite rule as respected lhc tiushcd
article. With Tho progress Of civilization. md
lie consequent diffusion Of information, tho ar
bltrary RESTRICTIONS on trade above noticed,
! Which wero formerly 70 common in Eu-
rope, have almost entirely disappeared, mud
mru NOW Montler that any benefit could ever
| have been supposed TO accrue from such absurd
and monstro,is rsguaions. But tho change to
more liberal statn Of things, though eoItethnt,
has been slow, mud the policy of tho Ai1dlo Agc;,
| i'll tho process OF mo1licatiua aud extinction,
sasv place to tho Ho-cailed and more modern
| policy Ut 'protccsiou," which, while clcally
| domentc exchanges. regards fnIclgn trEdo ns
something different from any other trade, which
It il for this Interest Ut tho Statc to Interfere With
and regulate. But undor tho aa'no influences OF
progressive civilization this system. too, in like
Mauncr. IL disappearing. In this work OF prog
ress Grcat britain took tho 1cal in 1911 1,-not
from change ID ropnlur sentiment duo to bot
tor acquaintance with theoretical principles, but
from u realization, 0n the Part Of all cnHseb vi
the people, Of the results which the recognition
aid practice OF tho policy OF Protection during q
period Of many years bad entailed UPON tho
county. These results ilr. Noble, in his work.
"EiscaI Legislation Of Great 1Iritasn," tAu1
describes: ''1t is utterly Impossible" Ac
| eaya, "to convey, by nero statistics p(