davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN,

which has been published weekly for the last thirty
years does this, TO an extent beyond that OF any
publlhed in the United States devoted 10 10.
lures, mechanics Inventions and new discoveries Ia
Every number is profussly illustrated, and its con.
tents embrace the latest and most interesting informa
tion pertaining 10 the industrial, mechanical, and
scientific progress OF the world descriptions with
beautiful engraving OF new Inventions new impIo-
monts, processes and improved industries OF ali
kinds useful notes, recipes, suggestions aud advice
by practical writer's for wOrkmen and employers, In
all the various acts, forming complete rSpOTtory Of
record not only Of the progress Of the INDUSTRIAL arts
In our own country but also Of ell new dso6Yeres aud
Inventions In every branch Of engineering, mechanics
The scientific American has been The foremost Of all
Industrial publications for the past thirty years u l.
illustrated paper devoted to engineering, mechanics
chemistry new inventions science and Industrial pro-
Tho practical reosipts are we'll worth ten times the
subscription price and for the shop and house will
save many tlmes the cost Of subscription.
Merchants, farmers mechanics, engineers, inVsn-
tors, Manufacturers chemists lovers Of science, and
people OF all professions will lind the Scientific Amer
can useful to them. II should have place In every
family, library study, Office, aud counung-rOOm In
every reading room, college and school. new vol
ume commences January LIST, 1876. 10
A years numbers contain S39 pages and several
hundred sngraTlnga. Thousands Of volumes are pre-
BY mail including postage. Discount to clubs spe-
oial circulars giving club rates sent free. Single
copies mailed on receipt Of ton cents. May bs had Of
DLmpNWC In connection with the Scientific Amerl.
IhIhNID, can, M0sss Mum Co are solicitors Of
American and Foreign Patents and have the largest
establishment In the world More than my thousand
applications have been made for patents through their
agency.
Patents are obtained on the best terms, models Of
new Inventions and sketches examined, and adVioo
nee. special notice is made In the Scientific Amer
can Of all inventions patented through this agency,
with the name and residence Of the patontee Patents
are often sold 10 part whole TO persons attracted 70
the Invention by such notice Send for pamphlet.
Aining NIL dTections for obtaining patents! bound
United States, and lt2 engtaVngs of mechanical
movements. Price Is oents.
address for the paper, concerning patents, Mum
Z Ger 81 PARK Row, New York. Branch once. corner
7th ~, Washington, d. Y.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03


The New York Sun tells how q woman
made q fortune, and as all our lady readers
will want to know we will report the pro.
cess. Mrs Mary Ahart WAS her name. At
the start her whole worldly possessions con.
sisted of one tent, enc straw bed, two or
three boxes, (which she used as chairs and
table,, two cows and calves, and little
eight year-old girl. Her source of income
was the sale Of the spare milk from these
two COWS (which she carried around to her
neighbors in tin milk pail, and her own
labor on spare days AS often as she saved
money enough she would buy another calf,
and she continued this process seven years
until she had a large number Of cows and
owned the farm they fed on. And now the
good woman finds her daughter a young
lady, highly educated and accomplished, and
her estate is valued worth at least SAC, 900
And the Sun assures us that "She has made
this fortune all by honest industry and good
management-never had government con-
tract, nor fell heir to any property"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Vegetable Growth and MATURITY

Require heat, air, moisture, food, light and
protection from destructive insects.
No plant can terminate without certain
degree of heat. Each plant, however, has
its own peculiar range of temporal ure.
Wheat must have temperature not below
iorty-fve degrees nor above ninety-6ve de-
grees fahrenheit. Corn requires ten degrees
more heat than wheat. This principle is
universal as applied to the termination Of
the vegetable kingdom. The farmer there
fore, who sows his seed without reference
to the temperature Of the soil, is liable to
lose both his time and harvest.
But heat is also important to the growth
of vegetation. A distinguished mathemati-
clan has discovered fixed law in reference
to heat and the growth Of plants. Expert
meuts have proved that a compliant grow
ing in the earth at a temperature Of twenty
degrees above the freezing point, adds to its
weight three grains per day; but in a soil
at forty degrees above the freezing point, it
adds twelve grains in the same time, That
is, the growth increases as the square Of the
increase of the temperature Of the sol-twice
the heat gives four times the growth, other
things being equal.
This being mathematical fact, it must
follow that it is Of consequence in our
higher latitudes, to supply, as far as
can be, any deficiency Of heat in
the soil But how can this be done ? We
answer LIST. We can select the sunny hill
side for our crop (if we have one), thus Sc.
curing greater heat BY the concentrated solar
rays ID. We can blacken the surface OF
our soils with charcoal-dust and meadow
muck. Dark color absoIbs more heat, aud
will increase the temperature so as to make a
visible improvement in the growth of the
crop. Sd. We can, by understanding, draw
off the superabundant waters, which by
evaporation chill the ground and absorb the
heat. By this process alone fortnight may
be gained to the maturing crop.
But the roots Of the growing vegetable
must not only have heat but air. Here,
again, we see the Importance of draining off
the stagnant surface water, not only to pre-
serve the heat, but to prevent the soil from
hardening and becoming impervious to the
air. Draining relieves the soil OF
excessive moisture, and not only lets in the
air, but facilitates important putrefactiyo
processes, which are checked by the presence
Of cold water. 1t also furnishes the plant
roots with carbonic acid and ammonia which
are Indispensable to intensive culture. And
it should be remembered that the chief use
of the hoe and cultivator is not the destruc-
ton of the weeds among our corn and pota-
toes, but to render the soil porous, and per-
meable to the air
The third condition of vegetable growth is
a suficency of moisture, We have spoken
Of excessive moisture and the necessity Of
getting rid of it, We now speak of the
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
THE
VERMONT FARMER
THE
CENTENNIAL YEAR
FOR the

HE FARMER will make no great pledges
for the coming year only 70 strive 10 be tho susr VAnu
PAPER that its pubsher editors aud sOntrbutors can
mako H. As in the past in the future every pains
consistent with the substantial encouragement the
paper receives from the farmers Of New England (Or
already II has good array OF subscribers outside tho
state) will be taken 70 make the VERMONT FARMER
better and betAer each succeeding week II has gath.
cred 10 tsefa noble corps Of contributors Of which
any paper may we'll DO proud. Among them are the
leading minds Of the state in Agricultural natters
not mere theorists but PRACTICAL FARMERS who speak
from experience and testify that they do know. The
result is, that the FARMER has become a pleasant
medium ofexchange, through which people in differ
emit sections or in different circumstances may compare
their experiences their successes and their failures
and much profit has resulted from these comparisons.
No one man knows all there is known, and no one
farmer everything about farming One may have
given his attention largely to stook-raising and 40
quired much useful knowledge In regard to IT, bought
By dear experience. Another, by study and observa
ton long aud patiently toiling may have become well
versed in fuitcuture, another in dairylng and an
other In nanuring and tng the coil. All Of those
men can tell wherein they have mot with failures and
wherein success has crowned their efforts |. Is this
knowledge, not to be followed implicitly hut 10 be
taken as evidence which may In some eases possibly be
lmPeaehed, that all farmers DESIRE To publish this
knowledge, lntelligsntly condensed and arranged,
the province Of the agricultural paper the province
the VERMONT FARMER designs to occupy.
The ladies, hrmers' wives ana daughters, desire
an interest in the VERMONT FARMER, and page
Is set apart for their USE where gentlemen may also
appear when their contributions relate moro parsou.
larry to social and domestic affairs The contributors
TO this department numerous and Of high order
Of merit It not stretching the truth when We say
they are scattered from Maine to California. This
department Is under the charge Of lady.
Not all farmers, all the readers OF the FARMER
are Patrons. but as many of them are q department
has been formed where may DO found news from the
oranges, and counsel that hope may prove timely
and good" This department will ntores. those who
not Patrons we'll as those who are, since all
desire to know what this Order is doing BY reference
to the proper place twill be that this
s conducted by member Of the Order who Is we'll and
hvorably known.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Appleton's Journal has discovered that
the postal card system serves new purpose
not contemplated by the department at
Washington, viz to detect "Napoleonic
strokes of meanness" IN correspondents.
The editor wants to know "whether people
are under any obligation to respond to an
open letter of the nature of postal card ?"
A postal card purely on the business Of the
writer, could not be regarded as an esteemed
favor" No stamp can be enclosed to pre-.
pay postage. Hence the writer saves a
sheet Of paper, an envelope, a three-cent
postage stamp, and the stamp which common
courtesy requires to be enclosed to prepay
postage on the answer "all by one dexterous
postal card J" The spirit of economy could
no further 60, but courtesy aud common de-
ceney must be set aside il all such cases ?
1t is admitted that the postal card is very
useful in some cases, but claimed that it has
no rights that gentlemen and ladies are
bound to respect in civilized society.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03


France and England bringing centennial
gifts to America appear quite in contrast.
France proposes to erect in New York har-
Dor bronze monument more than one hun
dred feet high, standing upon pedestal Of
equal elevation, as a gift to liberty typify.
ing an earnest aspiration common to both
France and America Englands gift was
designed for the Southern confederacy, as
such, in commemoration Of the lost cause. 1t
is statue Of StOnewall Jackson, aud has
just been unveiled in Richmond. jackson
was brave and high.souled man, and hon
est in his convictions Of duty. England may
honor him, but it is beneath her or any
other foreign nation, at this late day, to
honor the cause for which he 90 bravely
fought.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
MA1ExRTs.
So. .JohMsOmrv .Tarket.

THURSDAY, Dec 2.
Prices Paid by Dealers.
Butter, new, tubs or balls. choice % "a 3Oo v b.
Eggs, fresh, v dozen, 25c.
Beans, common white s2OO, hand picked $3.50.
Oats, SOC " bu.
Maple sugar, stirred, extra, 100 Y d. tub, So.
Potatoes, zoe Y hu.
beef, dressed weight, "a sc v n.
Veal, live weight, Sc v n.
Prices Asked by Dealers.
Dried Apples, sliced. l5c v ID strung, lic.
Molssses, v gallon, 75o.
Strip, silver drip, Sl.OO.
Sugar, refined c, lie; extra Z, Ilc graduated Ille.
OAions, 81 20 " busheI.
Kerosene, 900 v gallon.
Corn, 300 y bu,
India Wheat, T5c y bu.
Meal, s. "a 9Oc v bushel.
Feed, S2.OO v 100 lbs.
Bran, Sl.75 v 100 lbs.
Flour, common 81 %; good family 81; best, Is. 25.
Rye Meal, unsifted, &c v ID.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
wATERTowN CATTLE MARKET.

7 IVIVW IHv bVaVoH MVTnIng JOURNAL OF Wednesday,
Cattle Live stock trains Wsrs late at market over
both the Ftchburg and Lowell railroads. Tue Mon
ueal train was not heard from up TO late hour In
the forenoon, but supposed TO be light freight The
market Is shade quicker on best punches OF cattle
and A. tribe Improvement In tho rates. Very choice
and select oxen bring l0lo h. d. w. There Is not
really any permanent improvement Taking all
oasPos OF cattle ~ whole butchers were willing for
an odd pals " ty9 10 pay 10 over last quotations.
Wm Kicker sold oxen, 10 dress 300 lbs each, at iOlo
~ d. w. oxen, " dreas 800 Us, AZ 70 n h, d. VI,
joyce sold ~ oxen aud steers IRON Michigan At 5tc
live weight, average lb0 lbs % twO-year old steers
and heilen at 10 I've, average $50 MS. l.. Hastings
sold nice oxen at Olc some at 9io aud 90 ~ d. ".
sheep and Lamba.-Supply runs light nom the
north, creating better show Of business and rates
were extended Homslhing Ike 10 v b docks pretty
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Paramount park near Philadelphia, is the
largest public park, in proximity to a great
city, in the world, and is very beautiful. It
contains $3.50 acres, Here are located the
centennial grounds. -Four hundred and City
acres have been enclosed for the exhibition.
Besides this tract farm of fOrty-two acres
has been reserved on which to test ploughs,
mowers reapers and other agricultural ma
chinery, near which are large yards for the
exhibition of stock.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Our correspondent F. G. b., has an eye
to business as will be seen by perusiug his
article on Pocket Money. Those who will
follow out his suggestions we will refer to
the advertisements of Mr. w. l.. SWEET of st.
Johnsbury. Mr. SWEET is a perfectly reliable
man to buy Of, as the success he has met
with in the poultry business bears abundant
proof His customers can depend upon good
stock at fair prices, every time.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Thoroughbred Fowls.

I PAIR BROWN LEGHORNs.
1 PAIR GAME DANTAMs.
4 PAIR PARTRIDGE COCHINs.
1 PAIR BUFF COCHINs.
PAIR PLYMOUTH ROCKS.
SILVER SPANGLED HAMBUuGH HENS
AND ONE COCK.
WHITE L1GHORN HENS.
/ DOMINIQUE LEeHORN COcKEREL.
Orders should bo sent oarly a. the hest fowls are
slways sent first. Address W. l.. SWEET, ~ Johns
bury, Vt.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

"a girl in Berks county, Pennsylvania,
only twelve years old, rises daily at four a.
M, milks thirteen cows and prepares break
fast for the family We are anxious to
know something more about this girl. She
is a charming specimen if she does one-half
that is credited to her. After knowing just
how much milk she strains, and the quality
of her morning rolls, tf it is all right we
want to recommend her to some "yOung
man" in search of wife, when she is little
older. We can't get over it,--thAt is a
very nice "girl."
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The Nursery published monthly by John
l.. Shorey, 36 Brom6eld street, Boston, al
$3.50 per year, is wonderfully adapted to
the tastes of children. 1t is finding its way
into primary schools in place of readers for
the little ones. No other child's paper can
supply its place either in the family OF
school rH
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Sixty-fve thousand dollars were raised to
erect monument to the honor of the viceroy
of Egypt, and he has invested it in a public
school at Alexandria monument much
more enduring than brass or marble Sensible
man among mortals.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

1t is claimed by the Turf, Field and Farm
that the keeping of dogs is standing curse
to the South. because the dog-owuers out
vote the wool-grOwers," it says, "the whole
South is deprived Of great national indus.
try admirably suited to its climate and soil. .
The sameAuthOrity assures us that "the recent
gubernatorial election in Ohio was not only
a struggle for political supremacy, but it
was contest between the dog and sheep
owners land, strange to say, 'ons of the
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

"AyOuug man of MOrristown. Tenn, to
whom his father had wilIed his entire estate,
excluding the daughters, has recti6ed his
fathers injustice by conveying to each of his
sisters valuable farm" This is first-rate /;
for once in the world the stream rises higher
than its fountain.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The great centennial exhibition at Phila-
delphia will open May 10, 1876, and re-
main open every day except Sundays, until
November 10. Admission to all the build
ings and grounds will be fifty cents.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Now it is decided by Chief Justice White
that Ann Eliza, the nineteenth wife of
Brigham Young violated the United States
statutes in marrying the prophet" and eau
not avail herself of her own misery to collect
alimony from hun. Hence Brigham is lib
Grated.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

muoh lambs, and ano went livery choice, at 6lc the
extent Of any thing In the market Q. H. Kiddsr sod
50 sheep, average O. lbs, At &C. NJ. Joyce sold 40
sheep, average IS rs, at sc.
Poultry. Scarcely anything IN the live poultry line
this morning. A few crates expected in the Montreal
10 wi l0f5t2o y NJ.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

idea Is gaining strength that tho casualties
are The result Of eight earthquake, which
rccently passed through the valley in a
noriheasiefly and southvesterly direction.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Three thousand physicians graduated in
the United States the last year. Have the
parishes appointed as many scxtou5 as will
be needed dsl -r.rsa-
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Vice-President Wilson had "forty-niue
and half ounces of brains" So the doctors
say who weighed them. Yes, and he had
large, honest heart, which cannot be said
of all our statesmen.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The manufacture Of tobacco, snuff and
cigars in this country employs 125, 49S per-
sons. And what good will result to the
family, neighborhoOd, town, state or nation
And how much evil?
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03


Scribuer's Magazine for December is rich
both in the quantity and quality Of its ma
terial. Its $50 octave pages are made up
Of great variety Of choice reading and
beautifully illustrated. 1t must be con-
Ceded that scribuer's is one of the very best
Of its kind, on either side the Atlantic.
Only 81 year.
And st Nicholas for the children holds
an equally important place. The December
number is very attractive, and itself alone il
worth half years subscription. Now j,
the time TO subscribe for 1876. Three dol
lars pay for one year. Address, for both
mOnthlies, Scribner 4 Co, 743 Broadway
New York.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The "little girl" Bessie Turner, who
whipped out the lawyers in the Beecher trial,
has turned author. Her book is entitled
ga Woman in the Case"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Seven Of the presidents of the United
States have lived to be over eighty years old.
Hence, may we infer that the presidential
Office tends to longevity?
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

greatest and most enlightened agricultural
countries in the world decided that great
agricultural interest should remain subOrdin-
ate 70 mania for buying dogs"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Germany now ranks fourth among the
great naval powers of the earth" But which
of the three that claim to stand above her
would like to declare war upon Germany?
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The United States keeps large dairy.
When her mich cows are all in they number
100000.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Coal ashes for gardens and farms--are
they useful ? If SO, will some one tell US
when and how they are to be used?
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Two hundred and ten thousand bushels of
cranberries this year-just about enough for
Thanksgiving
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Pools are being sold and fools are buying
them, on the next speakership of the House
at Washington.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The United States is blessed C7) with two
thousand seven hundred and thirty brew.
cries.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

South Newbury George L. Tutuo.
South Tunbridge, Ira Mudgett.
ORLEANS.
Barton Landing,-A. G. Parker.
Brownington, RUFUS Avorill.
Coventry, -salmon Nye.
Derby Line,-J. T. Flint
East Charleston, John Bean.
Glover,-H s. Chaplin.
Greensboro, John L. Porter.
Greensboro Bend,--P. s. Paine.
lrashurgh, III Q. Waller.
Jays. n. Wakeman.
horgan-Samuel Lord.
NeWport,-Coroden Cummings.
newport Centre,-Asa O. sleeper.
North Derby,-wm Lsmphlre.
RUTLAND.
Pittsaeld,-N. II. McCoiiom.
WARRINGTON.
Barre, John W. Averill.
CAbot,-A. NJ. Foster.
Cabot,-I. II. Collins.
Calais, ALLEN Morse.
hiddlesex, IL. r. Wells.
Montpelier LEROY A. Pint.
Morotown, Nathan Boyce.
Moretown,.-G. II. Crandall.
North Montpelier,-J. Il. Hollister.
Mortified, I'D. T. Averiu.
Plalnneld,--E. Y. Perkins.
Plainaeld,-J. II. Eaton.
WsitsaOld.- ID. K. Boyden.
Waitsdcld,-Charlos Is. Jones.
Waitsheld, Henry Kew.
Waterbury,-o. W. Stearns.
wINDHAM.
Brattleboro,-G. b. Sargent.
Grafton,-J. II. Putnam.
Londonderry, ID. ID. Wait.
West Dummerston,--S. W. Estey.
WINDSOR.
Chester,--C. A. Greeley,
Chester-John e. Morse.
East Bethel,-John Hanks.
Hartford, Carlos Tenney.
Ludlow,--wm L. Atwood.
Norwieh,-Wm A. Slack.
Rochester, IS. o. Clark.
Springheld,-C. W. Mudgett.
Springfield, y. ElWelI Cox.
Woodstock,-S. F. sterlin.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Alexandria,-L. =. Blake.
Alstead, III. 2. Virgins.
BarriDgton-Charles A. Foss.
Dover,-Samuel @. Ham.
Dublin,-H. A. Adams.
East Andoysr,-Calvin Campbell.
Enfeld,-John Stevens.
Enaeld,-N. s. Holt.
Gofistown,-H. 8. Annis.
Grafton Centro,-J. d. Page.
Hanover Center, WIN L. Barnes
Haverhill,-T r. Bacon.
LsbanoD,-S. ID. slayton.
Lyme,-Nathau W. Hewss.
Oxford, Asa S. Rhodes.
Rochester,-Wm Ii. Sanborn,
CANADA.
East Bolton,-Stephen Peabody.
Magog-Georgo A. Colburn.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

Our standing army, now in the time of
peace, costs the nation s25, O0O,O 900, annu-
auv
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

"Lo the poor Indian" 1t costs Uncle
Sam S7,000,000 per year to support them.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Maru Names Dodge,
1t Pays! 1t PayS!!

WHAT PAYS?
TT pays every manufacturer, merchant, mechanic
inYontor, mrlqeT or professional man, To keep In.
age, wv
1t pays the head of ovory huily to introduce into
his household newspaper that Is instructive, one
that fosters taste for Investigation, and promotes
beTs,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
From our Special Reporter.
V'ergennes Market.

SATURDAY, Nov. ~.
but very little butter IN, and that sold mainly At
2S@JOc v bi little very nice 81 632c. Eggs 25c v
aozon. Other articles, no change.