davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

raised the practice Of green manuring is al.
most unknown. In the Southern States the
COW pea is frequently plowed under. In
some sections buckwheat and oats are used,
and occasionally various grasses. Raleigh
county, West Virginia, reports that "sOme
estimate that green crops turned under pay
better than clover"
1t pleasing to note that the results of
the thorough investigations which have been
carried on by the department lead to the
conclusion that "farmers are learning the
necessity Of increasing the store Of plant
food in the soil, Of having il in an immedi.
ately available form, and of supplementng
notable deficiencies with specific fertilizers.
They are becoming better versed in the
philosophy of fertilization, and better able to
adapt their practice to the peculiarities of
their soils, and to their local resources in
material for fertilization, both by an increase
in theoretical or scientific knowledge and in
experience gained in successful application
of such requirement" And that though ia
large proportion yet see by the dim light of
tradition, and follow only methods found
successful in their personal observation, Of.
ten with little regard to differing circum-
stances of soil and situation, it is true, new
ertheless, that the average practice of these
practical men is essentially sound, aud really
based on reason and science"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
John Smiths Bank.--A Fable.

John Smith lived in Vermont few years
ago. He had been in business and accumu.
lated 100000. Canada is one of those
benighted countries, you know, where mogA
than six per cent is allowed by law, so John,
on retiring from business, invested his
money in mortgages in Canada at eight per
cent, which gave him $4,000 year. When
gold got up to 200 john brought his money
home and bought 100000 in greenbacks
with it. A short time after he bought
United States five per cent bonds at par,
with his greenbacks. Then he got $4,000
year in interest instead of the $4,000 he
had been getting in that usuriOus country
north Of US, and it came out of the tax payers
here. Then John took pity on his neigh
bors who needed money to USE and he
thought he would start bank. You see,
he could do good turn for the people aud
also for himself, for money was tight" in
his town. So he got charter and organ.
lied himself into q bank. He deposited
his 100000 of bonds in the United States
treasury and Uncle Sam printed him $780,
600 in greenbacks, which he lent to respon-
sible parties in his town at eight per cent
This yields him Sl4 400, SO that the whole
income from his 100000 which in Canada
only yielded $4,000 is S24, 400, or more than
three times as much as he could got in
Canada, and as John pockets the 24.4 per
cent on his original 800, 900 he thanks his
stars that he lives in free country, and in
a state where, for the protection of the poor,
interest is limited to six per cent He
wouldn't be obliged to go to Canada and live
under that despotic government for any
thing,-not he,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
If the Grange Dies Out.

We believe the grange is such an insti-
tuition, and supplies such want, that it will
not die out. But many predict its fall, and
the thought comes up, if it should fail, wha
would be the result?
Whatever else may result from the grange
movement, whether or not it shall, as its
foes hope, endure for short time and then
die out, one thing is certain. The day when
the farming community sold their pro-
duce to the Spectator at his own price,
and bought their goods of the mer-
chant at his own price, without presuming
to question all that these plausible gentle.
men told them about "wool having gone
down and cloth taken rise," is past.
Whether or not the grange endures, the
farmers are not going to loso sight Of the
great advantages they have derived from
cooperative buying and selling. An article
in another column on 1.-The Progress Of
Association" will be regarded as authorita-
tive, as it is the result Of investigations made
bya department of the government, and
based on thorough research.
Suppose the order should die out and
there should be not grange left in the land.
The cooperative trading feature can and will
remain. Farmers can get these discounts
on purchases by buying in concentrated
orders, and they will do so. Prices for the
work of exchanging goods are lower than
they were, and are destined to be lower
still. Farmers and other workingmen are
acquiring habit of knowing about how
much the crops they sell are worth in mar
ket, how much it costs to freight them
thlther, &C., and on the other hand the
price of goods in market is watched, and
those in the country intend to know how
much Of the price they pay sticks to the
hands of the middeman. The grange has
done this, and this is but small part of the
good it has wrought to the farmer. There
is more work in store for the grange and the
grange will live to do its doing it now,
but were the order wiped out Of existence
the commercial benefits which it has con.
WINGED the farmer he can enjoy would re-
main within his reach. And he would ia Ike
advantage Of them.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
NttMhmt Ratmtt
St. JOhnsbury, Vt, April %, 1875.

The Importance Of our sugar crop can
hardly be overestimated, and the difference
in quality of this product which may be
caused by slight neglect of attention to
details is second only to that in the case Of
dairy products. Vermont is the banner
maple sugar producing state, and We should
all strive to keep her reputation up to the
standard not only for quantity but for quail
ity. The greatest cause Of poor sugar is
the proneness Of sap to become sour. We
especially urge upon sugar makers, as the sea-
son advances and the weather grows warmer,
the Importance of emptying the buckets every
day, whether the amount be much or little.
A pint Of sap standing in bucket through
a warm day will become so sour sometimes
that If bucketful should run the next day
it will be sour and the sugar from it will be
dark and strong. We recollect once, when
in the middle Of the season the sap in the
buckets had got the start of us and become
sour, so that as fast as new sap ran it began
to turn sour, going through the orchard with
a cloth and carefully wipiDg out all the
Shiny substance as the buckets were emptied
aud the operation paid well. Of course
those who use tin buckets have much less
trouble than those having old wooden ones,
especially if the wooden ones have been neg.
lected at some. time and the wood tainted
with sourness The importance of thorough
ly cleansing wooden sugar utensils before put
ting them away at the close of the season is
great. One of the best plans is to thoroughly
wash them and then dip them for few mo-
ments into a weak lime water. Some farm
ers will put away their sugar utensils at the
close of the season without even pretending
to wash them. Such invariably belong to
the class known as shiftless, thriftless farm.
ers, and they never make any really first
class sugar
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
Board of Agriculture Report.

We mentioned last week that the second
report Of the state board of agriculture
would soon be ready for delivery. (Op,n'
ion take notice) We would specially i'm.
press upon the farmers of Vermont the
value and Importance of this work, and upon
the several town representatives to whom
they will be sent for distribution the i'm
portance of their being properly attended TO-
No doubt in many instances, where the town
clerk is more accessibly located than the
representative, he will be delegated by the
representative to attend to the work. The
hrst report has been of very great value, and
1t did Prof. Collier, the secretary of the
board, great credit. by the way, there are
three or four copies Of the last report re.
naming in the FARMER office, which can be
had on application, 1t will cost 35 cents "a
send them by mail, under the new postal
outrage. Parties desiring copies of the new
report should apply to their town representa-
tive at once, where they can get a valuabl,
volume without money and without price
If each town representative would ask the
local press to mention where the reports car
be had he would thereby aid in the distribu
ton.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
Progress Backward.

There have been some signs Of progress in
the right direction in our national affairs, with
in the past ten years. Tho idea that candidates
for government offices should be examined
and appointed with reference to their fitness
for those offices was good one. 1t COM
mended itself to the good judgment of the peo-
pie. Ii was designed to prevent government
patronage from being made use of rs an in q.
strHment to advance the selfish interests of
party politicians. The passage of that bill was
calculated to commence process greatly
needed, viz: that OF purifying tho atmos-
phere of our national politics. But it was a
child too fair and promising to live long in
this wicked world. The wise men of our
Congress could not resist the temptation to
take away this barrier to their selfshness.
They could pull this wire of patronage TO
such good advantage in election times, that
they could not be content to allow an obnox-
ious Civil Service law to remain on the
statute books, when they could so easily
wipe 1t out. Accordingly they went back to
their wallowing in the mire, reminding us
of the history Of the (" salary grab" and the
back pay scheme" and the Credit Mobil-
Ter speculation, and illustrating anew the
fnct that it does net take the avarice out of n
man to send him to Congress.
We had just begun to rejoice in a reason
able and equitable postage law, when, in AN
evil hour in the darkness OF night, trap was
sprung by the lobbying of the Adams Ex-
press Company, majority of the members
Of Congress were caught in it, and our ex-
cellent postage law went down. They now
say 1t was mistake, but Mr.. Hamlin, of
Maine, probably knew what he was about,
and so did others. Their first action was n
fair and reasonable promise; but they went
back on their own word.
Andrew johnson, of impeachment notori-
ETY., the man who deserted the party who
elected him, who played into tho hands of
the ex-rebels, who broke his promises to the
freedmen, who took tho stump to secure his
own election. travelling West on pretended
visit to the grave of Judge Douglas, disgust.
ing even his own friends by ringing changes
on what no termed my policy" this man
is once more member of Congress, and we
must submit to his harangues. aud choke
down the humiliating thought that such men
are among the Lawmakers of the nation.
We can easily see the tendency of these
things. II is "A retrograde movement. The
question comes, where is the remedy 1t
lies with us-the people. We must agtate
there questions and speak our minds freely,
as has been the ease with reference to the
odous postage law. Whenever our public
servants Mt Washington enact unjust laws,
we must rIise such buzzing around their
ears that, in selfdefence they will make
haste TO remedy their mistakes. II this
backward legislation is 10 be arrested. and
the mistakes Of the past avoided the people
must not only speak, but act.-Bratliebor0
Record.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

The Conflict Of Labor and Capital.

Between the laborer and the capitalist
there is sort of war waging that has for
some time agtated this and other civilized
countries. The strife has never been more
severe than at present, when its crisis seems
to be approaching. Lot us inquire little
into the nature of this contest. to see how il
is carried on, and what is tho result to each
of the parties.
1t is evident that there is no natural oppo-
sition between the labOrer and capitalist;
that only rs the principles of political econo
my are disregarded n conflict of interest en-
sues.
The capitalist must have laborers. while
they desire remunerative employment that
can be obtained only from capital. The one
is rs independent rs the other, and the call.
ing of the working man should be rs much
respected MS that of his employer.
The primary cause OF disagreement lies IN
the employer or employee desiring 10 obtain
more than their respective share of the re-
ward OF labor. TO effect this end the capt.
talists endeavor to obtain monopoles, and to
form large corporations that agree respecting
viz "hASNhN VI V"SNo hhN TO-
ceive. The workmen in their turn are COM
PEELED to strike, to organize protective socie,
ties and trades unions that have considerable
effect in limiting the power of the capitalists.
Prominent among these societies are the
Patrons and the Sovereigns of Industry, who
have lately excited so much interest in this
vicinity.
1t cannot be denied that the laborers pos
sess the same right to strike and organize
protective unions that their employers exer-
else when they make lock-outs and unite
Tor tho reduction of wages. But Is striking
really beneficial to the laborerp With but
few exceptions this may be correctly answer
ed in the negative, for the temporary in
crease of wages sometimes obtained will not
recompense the workmen for the time lost
in obtaining it.
The late strike at Fall River, Mass, has
resulted in n loss of 500. goo in wages, while
$4,000 WAS paid by the wenvers' union for
the support of the destitute workmen. 1t is
said that the employers lost nothing by the
suspension. for they could not afford to man
ufacture Mt the wages they were then paying.
This Is fair sample of the results of strik-
ing. The best means of reconciliation that
has yet been tried seems to be cooperation.
This has been extensively practiced in En-
gland, and has proved very successful.
But none of these combinations have
achieved the grand object they have in view,
and it is not likely that they ever will,
There are fixed and inevitable laws in com
merce that no body of men can change. As
long as avarice and covetousness shall con-
time dominant in the mind of man. as long
as the laborer is ignorant and uncultivated,
while the means of education are not freely
diiused among the working classes, this
contest will not cease. X. Y. Il.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

probably, dIdmen have more grateful sense
of relief than these when they came, at about
seven o'clock In the evening, under the pro-
lection Of the guns Of the British vessels in
Boston Harbor at the foot OF Bunker Hill.
They had marched nearly forty miles in
twenty hours.
The organized British troops, with every
advantage on their side. and force of eight
or ten to one, lost 70 killed, l72 wounded,
and 20 missing, while the little handful Of
Americans, who fought for home and liberty,
lost but 40 killed, SO wounded, and miss
ing.
The fire that WIS kindled that morning
burned until II consumed the CALLING chains
which would have held the American people,
and now, slavery being abolished, as we re-
view the deeds Of hundred years ago let us
return to the God of battles all praise and
honor for
This bounteous birthland Of tho FREQ,
Who're exiles from afar may come
And breathe the air of liberty.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
receiving "a and s. Q day, struck for So,
Friday, and were PROMPTLY discharged.

receiving "a and IS day, struck for So,
Friday, and were promptly discharged.
John Donahue, workman in the Win.
chester arms factory at New Haven, was
blown TO pieces, Saturday, by an explosion
Of illuminate which he was preparing, por-
tons Of his body being hurled to the distance
Of 100 feet. The cause Of the explosion is
unknown, as he was q careful workman and
had handled illuminate for l8 years.
A letter was received at the Rockville
post Office, the other day, mailed 10 Austria.
liza, February 10, 1875, aud directed as fol.
lows "Mary Frances Leonard, Box No. Is,
Connecticut, United States, America" Ii
bears the the postmark Of San Francisco,
March 81, and the Endorsements of West
Meriden, Derby, Waterbury, New Britain,
Bridgeport, Norwich, New London, Hartford,
New Haven and Middletown - to which
places it had been sent before finding its
owner in Rockville.
NEW YORK.
A most extraordinary decision, even for
the latitude Of New York, was that rendered
in the court Of special sessions, yesterday
morning, when Thomas Sprott was sentenced
to FIVE days in the city prison for having
boxed his nine-year-old boys ears, in punish.
ment for some act of disobedienco. Thomas,
Jr., in his indignation at the indiguity,
rushed of TO the police court and secured
warrant for the old gentleman's arrest, on
the ground that he had been brutality beaten
by him, and, thought there was nothing in
the boys appearance to indicate that he had
been disciplined any more than he deserved,
and though his mother appeared to testify
that he hadn't been ill-treated, the astute
justices sent the father to prison. Next
thing, we shall have infants getting out iu-
functions against their pas and mas spank
them at l.-Republican.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
Cooperation of workingmen.

The buying Of occasional lots Of goods
direct from the manufacturer or producer,
as is done in nearly If not quite all the
oranges and councils, or the establishment
ofcO0peratlve stores, as has been done in
some places. while they are capable of bring
ing much good upon those who participate,
are BY no means the most important manner
in which workingmen can better their con-
dition by applying the principle of COPPER
alton. The principle can be most success.
fully applied to manufacturing enterprises,
and has been, as shown iu an article from
the Republican, last week.
Now why is not Vermont as good a place
as any for the establishment of manufactures,
and that on the cooperative plan. We have
unsurpassed water power, and certainly
steam can be made as cbeaply here as in
Massachusetts,. Lumber is cheaper and
more plenty, and our farmers want mar
ket at home for their products. Were all
our manufacturing done here that is now
done in Massachusetts,, the cost of freight
aud exchange both on the machinery and on
the Vermont products used by the manufac-
tnrers could be divided between the farmer
and the manufacturers.
Not only do the interests of Vermont, and
especially of Vermont farmers, require more
manufactures, but, judging from the results oil
cooperative manufacturing in England, where
it has been thoroughly and most success
fully tried, nothing would be more pro6ta.
BILE than for the poorer people to thus invest
small sums Large mills, requiring heavy
capital, have been built and owned by the
poor workingmen in England, the shares
being So or $40 each, 50 as to allow the
poorest to invest. In this respect, the
universal Yankee, is behind the English
How long shall it be so?
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
T'ergennes Market.

SATURDAY. April II.
Light receipts of butter on account OF bad
roads, the effects OF II rain and snow storm
the day before. We quote: Butter, fair 10
good "a to 26c, extra 81, selections CSC. Eggs
l7c. Veal calves SC. Apples plenty yot nj
~ per Dbl. Maple sugar i2 to lac; but lit
!le offered yet rs the makers must be very
busy Just now.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
RichSSl ONd Market.

H'V'F VHT oFtuIaI HfpOTTtT.
MONDAY, April 10.
The market here to-day was lower than
last week and very quiet. Butter, 90 to 2sc;
4 tubs Tor 2Sc and tubs at zoe; the balance
al "a to &c. few new skim cheese at &c.
Potatoes 40 to SOC. Maple sugar TO l2Ic
slrup III to $50 per gal Veals Sc live
weight. Skins, veal l5c per Id; dairy skins
zoe to 81. Hay $40 to IA Heavy snow
storm last Friday; not all gone vet
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

Those who consider the money expended by
our fish commissioners in stocking Vermont
streams with fish as so much thrown away
in useless or at least doubtful experiments
are recommended to read the article on
"Fish Culture" on the first page. 1t seems
this experiment is no longer an experiment
in New York but an accomplished fact, to a
considerable extent, and a success.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

The National Wheel Harrow Company,
whose advertisement has been in the FARMER
for few weeks, have appointed p. Guild,
of Barton Landing, as agent for Orleans
County aud vicinity, and Hiram Weeks, of
St. Johnsbury, for St. JOhnsbury aud imme-
date towns.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

"M. G. B." whose advertisement of -four
for Patrons appears in another column, is
the representative of a concern which prob
ably is patronized by more oranges in Yer.
mont than any other mill. Patrons, write to
him.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
N'eIp HaUem Market.

From Our Special Reporter.
TUESDAY April 90.
we ship this week 30 veal calves, 90 tubs
butter 200 dozen eggs, and a quantity of
maple sugar. We quote; Butter 90 TO CSC;
eggs lsc; maple sugar 10 TO ice; veal calves
DC per ID; hay $40: straw 81.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23

Store Cattle-Not much call for Store cat
tic. Nearly all the small cattle that are in
i"lr condition are bought up TO slaughter
ut prices ranging from Sl5 to 4S per head.
Mich Cows-EXtra $55 to 95; ordinary
go 10 90 store cows $lS to As per head
Most OF the cows offered in market for sale
nre OF common grade. Good COWS sell
well ut fair prices.
Sheep and Lambs-rhe supply from the
west was large, all owned by butchers. and
costing landed at Brighton from 8 to lac.
lambs &c. From the North the supply was
,,,lsnt' ana prices obtained tri1e off from
those of one week ago.
owlne-Store pigs, who esale l0I to lie;
9tc per Id.
AT WATERFOWL.
Cnttle-The demand for cattle this week
IS actlve. b oxen among the best Northern
Groves at lie per 10, ID W; these are the
extreme highest figures for fancy cattle ut
this market We call the market very firm
NJ lasl weeks figures. Butchers sold out
close last week, and necessity compelled
them to purchase u supply to-day. b Ste
Vens sold . OF his best oxen to + ID Kimball
at I'll per cwt; at 81 to loo per ID, ID w,
" taylor sold steers Mt SIC live. Hath
away q swift sold rs steers Mt &c; IA at 6Ic
i've. Stewart & Thompson sold s oxen mt
So;os3 per cwt live; 10 steers Mt 6sc live.
Sheep-Northern and state sheep have run
IN freely in consequence of the improved
market last week; AN excess of nearly 1000
head; actual receipts 2765 head. Parties
owning hocks expected to obtain full last
weeks prices, but could not hardly come up
to the rates previously quoted There Is
nearly 3c decline. o f Taylor sold 30 sheep
and lambs. average 20 lbs, at 10. G W
Jones sold SO sheep, average 100 lbs, at SIC,
to Goodnough. ID A DeWolf sold as
sheep, weighed $500 his at IN 9 A Weston
sold lis head as were lamhs) Mt Sc, average
% lbs. A Sargent sold 80 sheep, average
81 lbs, at LA per head.
Poultry-The few Mt market were brought
up by MIR. Brown rs l6c per ID, being of good
quality.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-04-23
CONNECTICUT.

The workmen engaged in unloading the
oyster feet at New Haven, who have been