davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
The Common Hammer.

The hammer seems a simple lnstru-
ment enough, but Mr.. J. richards in a
book on mechanical topics, lately pub
lished in England, finds in it much that
is curious and interesting, as the fol-
lowing extract Will show:
Few people in Witnessing the use OF
a hammer, or in using one themselves,
ever think of ii as an engine giving out
tons of force, concentrating and apply
ing power by functions which, if per-
formed by other mechanism, would
involve trains of gearing, levers, or
screws; and that such mechanism if
employed instead of hammers, must
lack that important function of apply
ing force in any direction that the will
may direct.
A simple hand-hammer is, in the alb
stract one of the most intricate of
mechanical agents that is, its action
is more difficult to analyze than that of
many complex machines involving
trains of mechanism but familiarity
with hammers makes us overlook this
fact, and the hammer has even been
denied place among those mechanical
contrivances 10 which there has been
applied the mistaken name of mechan-
zeal powers.
Let the reader compare a hammer
with a wheel and axle, inclined plane,
screw, or lever, as an agent for concen-
trating and applying power, noting the
principles of its action first, and then
considering its universal use, and he
will conclude that if there is a mechan-
ical device that comprehends distinct
principles, that device is the common
hammer it seems, indeed, to be one
of those things provided to meet hu-
man necessity, without which mechani-
cal industry could not be carried on. In
the manipulation of nearly every kind
of material. the hammer is continually
necessary in order to exert a force be-
yond what the hands command, un-
aided by mechanism to multiply their
force. A carpenter in driving a spike
requires a force of from one to two
tons a blacksmith requires a force of
from five pounds TO five tons to meet
the requirements of his work stone
mason applies force of from one hun
dred to one thousand pounds in driving
the edge of his tools !; chipping, calk-
ing, in fact nearly all mechanical opera
tions, consists more or less in blows,
and blows are but the application of an
accumulated force expended through
out limited distance.
Considered as a mechanical agent,
the hammer concentrates the power of
the arms and applies it in a manner
that meets the requirements of the
work. If great force is needed, long
swing and slow blows accomplish tons
if but little force required, a short
swing and rapid blows will serve, the
degree of force being not only continu-
ally at control, but the direction at
which it is applied also. Other me-
chanism, if used instead of hammers to
perform the same duty, would from its
nature require to be a complicated
machine, and act but in one direction
or in one plane.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
Happiness.

1t is false opinion that happiness is
not now to be realized, but only to
come hereafter. 1t is in contradiction
to Gods holy word, as we believe we
are blessed now with all things that are
really good for us. Yet there are per-
sons who think that when some par
ticular grievance is removed they shall
be happy. No! you will be as far from
happiness as you are now. This is the
folly and weakness of the mind, which
vainly anticipates happiness from
earthly changes. But, on the other
hand, as time passes by and under all
circumstances, surprising that we have
the knowledge of the truth and are
living in holiness and in the love of
God, we may have days of heaven upon
the earth. Lady Elizabeth Hastings
said to the Countess of Huntingdon,
''Since have known the gospel L have
been as happy as an angel" That one
sentence was the means of the ccnver-
sion of Lady Huntingdon, afterward
the friend of Whitefeld and the founder
of chapels all over England. Who cIu
estimate the number and importance
of the effects which followed that
change of heart and life %
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
s'HeIp.''

There is promise that the vexatious
''servant-gal" problem may be solved
by an English lady of wealth, Mrs.
Crawshay, who has made herself known
to the public in other experimental
efforts to revolutiOniZe the world for
the better. Ont of the nine hundred
thousand superfluOus females in Great
Britain she has succeeded in engaging
five young gentle-women who are will
ling to earn a living in her castle as
domestic servants. They act as cook,
lady's maid, kitchen maid, dairy maid,
and upper house-maid. They are paid
no larger wages than the former incum-
bents of these positions. But Mrs
Crawshay treats them as equals while
they are ''Off duty" permits them to
mingle in the drawing-rOom among the
guests of the castle, and takes them by
turns riding with her in her carriage.
And the experiment SO far has been
highly successful. The young ladies
have proved to be admirable servants.
They have had no rows with the mis-
tress. They have been neither drunk
nor thievish, and breakages and carpet
tearing and dirt and disorder under
their regime have been almost un-
known. In short, Mrs. Crawshay thinks
that she has found a way to lift the
domestic nightmare from the bOsoms
of housekeepers, and afford means of
livelihood to many thousands of well
born and intelligent girls, who now
have to struggle so hard TO obtain
places as governesses, companions,
school-teachers and clerks. If this
lady reformer succeeds in establishing
her new system there Is hope that relief
NAV ultimately como TO miStrpsses i'm
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

The pearI is q very beautiful as well
a, COSTLY ornament and is as much
nr;zed as any article of jewelry. There
have been several theories advanced In
regard to the formation Of the pearl,
but none are quite satisfactory. ms
is one of the mysteries that nature mas
kept hidden from us. The ocean ana
mountains are her work shops. Inc
latter men have excavated and tunneied
until they have discovered many things
not before thought Of, but she relgns
securely in the deep blue sea. Many
treasures are stored 'fsr down IN the
green and CLASSY brine" but few are
yenturesome enough to fathom the
depths and bear away the rich spoil.
1t is very dangerous work, for although
we have now the diving bell, making 1t
possible for men to stay under the water
for some time, they suffer If they go
down very often or stay long. but
some enterprises are attended with
danger and not all as profitable as the
pearl fishery.
The divers are provided with bags IN
which to put the shells taken from the
bottom of the ocean. These are then
broken up and the pearls drilled and
strung. Black people are generally
employed for this purpose. as they are
very expert but, although they are
very carefully watched, they sometimes
succeed in secreting Valuable pearl.
The best fishery in the East is near
the Isle of CeylOn, where the season
commences in February and lasts until
April. A gun is fred as a signal for
the boats. All go out and come back
together. ..
Twenty men 20 in each boat, ten of
whom are divers the remainder row
and assist their companions IN reas-
cending. They go out at sunrise, re-
main busily engaged until noon, when
they return, and are relieved of their
precious cargo, and are ready for
another trip. This is the way that the
pearls which the people highly prizs
are obtained.
Pearls possess an advantage over pre-
cious stones taken from rocks in that
they are found with that appearance
which gives them their value. They
are perfectly polished and finished be-
fore they are taken from their ocean
home, while stones obtained from the
different kinds of rocks need cutting
and polishing before they are fit for the
use of the jeweler. Nature gives them
their rough form, and leaves it to art
to give it the finishing touches.
White pearls are most priced, al
though some persons prefer those deli
cately tinted. The Oriental pearls are
the finest on account of largeness and
beauty. They are of silvery white.
Pearls have been used as ornaments
from the earliest ages. and among all
nations. Even the Indians esteemed
them before the discovery of America,
for when the Spaniards first came over
they found quantities of them slowed
away but they were inferior, being of
a yellowish shade, because the Indians
used fire to open the shells. Cortes
describes Montezuma, the Mexican
Emperor, at their first interview Q57O
as wearing garments embroidered with
pearls, and the natives also wore neck
laces and bracelets of them.-N. y. OBJ
serUOr.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

THE huge, drastic, gripping. sickening
pills, constructed of crude, coarse and BULK V
ingredients, are fast being superseded by
DIR. Pierce's Pleasant Purgative Pellets, or
Sugar COlted, Concentrated Root and
Herbal Juice, Anti-BiliOus Granules-ths
Little Giant" Cathartic or NHl,,fBl ia Parro
Physie. Modern Chemical Science enables
DIR. Pierce to extract from the juices of the
most valuable roots and herbs their active
medicinal principles, which, when worked
into little Pellet. or Grsnules, scarcely iargcer
than mustard seed, renders each little Pellet
as active and powerful as large pill, while
they are much more palatsble and pleasant
in effect
DIR. IRA A. THsYER, Of Baconsburg, Ohio,
writes: 81 regard your Pellets as the best
remedy for the conditions for which you
prescribe them of anything have ever used
so mild and certain in effect, and leaving
the bowels in an excellent condition. Ii
seems to me they must take the place Of all
other cathartic pills and medicines"
LYON MAcoNBER, druggists, Vermillion,
ID. T., say: awe think they are going TO
sell like hot cakes as soon as people get ae-
quainted with them and will spoil the pill
trade, as those that have used them like
them much better than large pills"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

are now enjoying health who have r..,
Take only L. T. KUNKEL's. \.
Beware of counterfeits and b....
tions. As Kunkel's Bitter Wine Of I.lna ''n'i
so well known all over the eountrv Su az Is
gists themselves make an imitation 81
to palm it off on their customers. wban y y!
call it KunkePs Bitter Wine Of Iron 'ne!
KunkePs Bitter Wine of Iron ia ,u.
only in 81 bottles, aud has yellow ~ "
per nicely put on the outside, with The .1
prietor's photograph on the wrapper 80 ~
bottle Always look for the phctocrs,Ss s'S1 =
the outside, and you will always be ~. % y
get the genuine article u
Sold by all Druggists and dealers sv..-
where. y
TAPEwoRM REMOVED ALIvE.-Hes5 -,
all complete, in tive hours. No fee tiU b.-i
passes. Seat, Pin and Stomach Worm - =
moved by DIR. KUNKEL. 259 NoRrH ~
STREET. Advice free. Come, see over ooa '.a
specimens and be convinced. He ps,,.
fails.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
A SingularIy Fatal Occupation.


Tho statement has been made bY "a
Sheffield, England, physician, that the
fork grinders employment is probably
more fatal to human life than any other
pursuit in England. According to this
authority, there are generally from 8
to 10 individuals at work in the room
in which this industry is carried on,
and the dust which is created, com
posed of fine particles of stone and
metal-the grinding being always per
formed on dry stone-rises in clouds
and pervades the atmosphere to winch
the operators are confined. The dust,
which is thus every moment inhaled,
gradually undermines the vigor of the
constitution. and produces permanent
disease of the lungs, accompanied by
difficulty of breathing, cough, and a
wasting of the animal frame, often at
the early age of %, and the average
longevity of fork-grinders is found not
to exceed 30 years.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
Decline in Trades Unions.

If we may believe the statements
which are from time to time put forth
there is a visible decline in trades
unions throughout the country. In
New York alone it is estimated that
since 1873 no less than seven thousand
mechanics and two thousand laborers
have left these societies, being about
twenty per cent. of the strength of the
organizations in that city. Various
causes are assigned for this decline, but
the one most generally accepted is that
it finds its Justification in the sufferings
from the strikes which the unions are
alleged to have precipitated. Employ
ers, too, it is argued, have manifested
a preference for non-society men, and
the rule in that city seems to be
that in most cases where skilled me-
chanics have Withdrawn from unions
they have experienced no difficulty in
obtaining situations.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
The Explosion Of Kitchen
Boilers.

Why is it that kitchen-boilers ex-
plode is question now asked, which
is of vital Importance to all households
in which these boilers are used. Is
defective work, or inferior quality of
material the cause, or is it the result of
ignorance and carelessness in the
kitchen people? Within a short time
several severe accidents" they are
called-have occurred from the burst
ing of the "water backs" in the kitchen
ranges, some of them resulting fatally.
In ranges with which hot water boilers
are connected, there are cast iron COM
partments containing water, located in
the rear of the CRATE of the range, and
these furnish the boilers with the sup
ply of hot water. These "water backs"
as they are technically termed, are
really the boilers, the boiler at the side
of the range being merely the hot
water reservoir. When the fire in the
range is allowed to go out at night. it
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
Wagging Another Bone.

A New Hampshire school teacher
lately was questioning one of his classes
upon the anatomy of the human body,
and, standing upon one foot, and
swinging the other foot and limb, he
inquired how many bones he was NOV
ing. Several incorrect answers were
given at first, but after it had been an
swered correctly, the question was
asked if any of the scholars thought
differently. A little fellow, not yet in
his teens, raised his hand Immediately,
that he disagreed with his
schoolmates, and the teacher, repeating
the question, "HOw many bones was /
moving?" was astonished to hear the
little chap increase the proper number
by one, in the same breath giving as
his reason, "You were moving your
too"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

OYSTER OMELET.-Whisk four eggs
to thick froth, then add by degrees
one gill of cream, beat them well to-
gether season the eggs with pepper
and salt to taste. Have ready one
dozen fine oysters, cut them in half !;
pour the eggs into pan of hot butter
and drop the oysters over it as equally
as you can.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03
L. +. KunkePs Bitter Wine Of
Iron

has never been known to fail in the cure of
weakness, attended with symptoms indis-
position TO exertion; less Of memory; diff
Guilty Of breathing; general weakness; hor-
rorsof disease; weik, nervous trembling :;
dreadful horror of death night sweats !:
cold feet; weakness; dimness of vision !;
ianguor; universal lassitude of the museu-
lar system; enormous appetite, with dys-
peptic symptoms; hot hands; flushing of
the body; dryness of the skin; pallid coun-
tenanee and eruptiOns on the face, purifying
the blood; pain in the back; heaviness of
the eyelids; frequent black spots flying be-
fore the eyes with temporary suffusion and
loss of sight; want of attention, etc. These
symptoms all arise from a weakness, and to
remedy that, use E. +. KUNKEL's Bitter
Wine Of Iron. II never fails. Thousands
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

The mewl (wrote school boyJ is a
larger bird than the guse or turkey. 1t
has two legs to walk with, and 2 more
to kick with and it wears its wings on
the side of its head. It is stubbonly
backward about going forward.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

IMPORTANT To SUFFERERS s-The greatest
benefactor is one who relieves pain and
cures disease. DR.. SILsBER has accom-
plished both by his miraculous discovery Of
ANAkESls, an absolutely easy, rapid s1d
n.fdif'bfe cure for PILES in all stages. All
Doctors endorse it and q, coo cured .fer-
ers testify 10 its virtues. 1t is a simple
snpposltory acting as an instrument, poul-
tiee and medicine. The relief is instant
and cure certain Price 81. Sent free by
mail on receipt of price, Anakesis Depot, IS
Walker ST., New York
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

A METHODIST minister in Kansas
received only fifty cents for his first
quarters salary. And, strange to say,
he did not wait for his next quarters
allowance, but fled to some spot where
the laborer is worthy of higher.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

OYSTERS ROASTED. the shells
perfectly clean, wipe them dry, and lay
them on gridiron, the largest side to
the fire set it over a bright bed Of
Goals. When the shells open wide and
the oyster looks white, they are done !;
fold napkin ON a large dish to tray,
lay the oysters on in their shells, taking
care not to lose the Juice; serve hot.
When oysters are served roasted at
supperthe must be small tub between
each two chairs to receive the shells,
and large, coarse napkins, called oyster
napkins. Serve cold butter and rolls
of crackers with roasted oysters.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

DURING a trial the Judge called a
witness. No one answered, and an
elderly man arose and solemnly said
"he was gone. "Where has he gone %
asked the Judge, in no tender tone 81
don't know, but he is dead" was the
guarded answer.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

To MAKE RICE PUDDING WITH Fruit.
Swell the rice with very little milk
over the fire then mix fruit of any
kind with it, currants, gooseberries
scalded, pared and quartered apples,
raisins, or black currants, and still
better, red currant jelly, with one egg
to bind the rice boil it well, and serve
with powdered cinnamon and sugur.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

THE making of Egyptian air-castles,
cut circular by compass, and folded in
eight creases to from globe, furnishes
employment for fashionable young
ladies of an industrious turn of mind.
They are composed of paper of various
bright colors, and when formed into
globe-shape. are strung upon a cord,
five or six different colors together, and
hung in portion of the room where a
gentle current of air will set them in
motion. They get excited" at length,
and go whirling around windmill fash
ion, eventually all tangled mp in pretty
little snarl forming but one globe in
appearance. Whoever can understand
this should try the amusement by all
means.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

"How cHARMINGLY naive she is" said
a young beau to crusty old gentleman.
''Knave J" exclaimed the latter, gazing
through his spectacles toward the CO.
quettish beauty indicated, 81 should
say more of fool"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

A WICKED boy, upon whose shoulders
his mother was expressing her resent
ment with both slippers, felt too proud
to cry, and kept up his courage by re
peating to himself 1.-TWO soles that
beat as sone.-BrOOklNn Arqms.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

A COUNTRY newspaper tells this story
of new boy in one of the Sunday
schools: "The precious youth was
asked who made the beautiful hills
about them, and replied that he did
not know, as his parents only moved
into town the day before"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

The most rapid growth takes place
Immediately after birth, the growth of
an infant during the first year of its ex-
istence being about eight inches. The
ratio of increase gradually decreases
until the age of three years, at which
time the size attained is half that which
1t is to become when full grown, After
five years the succeeding increase is
very regular till the sixteenth year,
being at the rate for an average man of
two inches year. Beyond sixteen the
growth is feeble, being for the follow
ing two years about six tents of an inch
a year, while from eighteen to twenty
the increase in height is seldom over
an inch. AT the age of twenty the
growth creases, save in exceptional
cases.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

HERE is description of a mean
church, which has moral in it "After
the old pastor died, the deacon went
about for a two-hundred and fifty
dollar minister, and you can get about
as good minister for that price as you
can get psalm tunes out of file."
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

APPLE CHARLorrE--This very excel
lent and healthy dish is seldom seen,
but it has only to be tried once to learn
its excellence. The recipe is very
simple. Put in tolerably small bread
pan a piece of butter the size of a
walnut, and set it where it will melt !;
then pare, quarter and core few ap-
pies; half the quarters; if they are
large make them in thirds. Now place
In the buttered pan as many slices or
pieces of bread as will cover the bottom,
then layer of apples, little sugar
and four or five little chips of butter !;
another layer of bread, another of ap-
pies, ETC., and so on till there is enough
for dinner or until the pan is full.
Butter the upper layer of bread. If
the oven is too hot and browns the top
too fast, before the center bakes, with
a spoon drip little hot water over it.
Serve hot. with or without sauce.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

COcoANUT CUsTARD.-One qnart of
new milk thickened with four table,
spoonsful of corn starch; one-fourth
pound of butter; three eggs, beaten
separately one grated cocoanut. Sugar
and spice to the taste. Bake in puff
paste,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

APPLE PUDDING e Eight apples
grated about the samequantity of stale
bread 8 eggs (; II pints of milk, sugar
and cinnamon to taste. Bake in a slow
oven one bour. TO be eaten with cream.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

A CALIFORNIA preacher is preaching
on the best way to raise boys. We have
always found number IA boot about
as effective as anything for raising
them.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1875-03-03

The milkmen of San Francisco have
formed mutual aid association. One
holds the can, while the other pumps.
-NeC York World.