The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-10-11

BANKS anu conveyed the earth away 70 lower levels
through which wore away channel first through the
soil and lastly through the rock ITSELF which you may
see If you but walk to the bottom Of that basin. You
will there behold channel through the solid
rock some fifty feet in depth; and rs you look on
that you win have idea Of the power and force Of
tropical rains is through that channel that the soil
robbed from these rocks has carried away towards
the Nyanza to FIJI It's depths and make dry land
Of it, Now you may ask how these once solid +
rocks, which but skeletons Of hills and stony
heaps, to be thus split into many fragmensY Have
you the effect OF water thrown upon limo? |
The solid rocks have been broken and peeled in an |
almost similar The tropIc heated the sur
face of these rocks intense heat and the cold
falling upon the heated surface caused them to split and
peal as you now them
THE FEEDERS THE NrYANzA.
This is really the geological history Of this country
simply told Ridge after ridge basin after BASIN from
Western Ugogo to the Niyanza tells the same tae but
it is not until We enter Central Urmi that begin TO
the violence Of the process by which Nature
has transformed the face Of the land. For here the
perennial springs and rvuets begin to unite and form
rivers after collecting and absorbing the moisture from
the watershed; and these rivers, though but gentle
streams during the dry season, become formidable
during the rains II is in Central Urim that the Nile
first begins to levy tribute upon Equatorial Africa and
you look upon the map and draw line east from the
latitude oil CJ TO Longitude thirty degrees you VIII
strike upon the of the Leewumbu which is the
/ extreme southern feeder OF the Victoria N'yanza
| In Iramba, between Mgongo Tembo and Mombiti we
| came upon what must have been in former times an
arm of the Victoria Niyanzi. II is called the Luman-
berri Plain after river of that name, and is about
forty miles in width It's altitude is T75 feet above the
and but few feet above the Victoria Niyanza. We
were fortunate in crossing the broad, shallow stream in
the dry season. for during the masa rainy season,
I the plain is converted into q wide lake.
The Leewumhu River, after a Of no miles be-
| comes known in Usukuma the Monangah River
| After another of 100 miles it is converted into
Shimeeyu, under which name it enters the Victoria
east of this port of Kagehyi. Roughly tho shimeeyu
may be said to have length of $50 miles
UsuKuMA ENTERED
After penetrating the forest and jungle west OF the
Lumanberri enter Usukuma--a country thickly
peopled and rich in cattle 1t is a series of rolling
plains with here and there, far apart chain Jagged
hills. The descent to the lake is gradual that
pect to find upon sounding it, intend do. that
though 1t covers a vast area, it is very shallow.
Now, after long Journey the Expedition is halted
hundred yards from the lake, and look upon its
dancing waters long launch the Lady Alice and
venture out to explore its mysteries. Though its
Shore am ignorant Of it's conGguration and extent
any man in England or America have questioned
the natives OF Uchambi closely upon the subject at
the lake is one hear multitude
| Of strange Names but whether they arc OF
countries lakes il is impossible divine, their
knowledge of being very superficial My impression,
however is that Speke in his bold sketch and imagined
outline, is the truth than Livingston, who
ported of upon hearsay at great distance from its
Shores but as l can finish my letters to you
and my friends the sections OF the Lady Alice will be
screwed together and the first English boat that ever
lodi lal.a cbnI1t bor,
sion of thoroughly exploring every nook and Granny
the shores Of the Victoria 1t is with great pride
pleasure | think Of in conveying
such large boat safely through the hundreds
of miles of jungle which we traversed. and
just l feel as though the entire
wealth of the universe could brbe to turn back
from my work. Indeed, it is with the utmost impa-
ticnce that think Of the task of writing my
fore starting upon the more pleasant work OF explor-
ing, but remember the precept Duty before pleas
ure.n
STRANGE TALES.
Ihear ofstrange tales about the the shores
Of this lake, which make me still eager to start,
One reports country peoped with dwarfs another
with giants and another is said possess breed Of
such large dogs that my mastifs said have
been small compared to them. All these may be idle
romance, and lay stress anything reported to
me- as hope to be enabled to with my own eyes
all the wonders of these unknown countries.
II is unfortunate that have not Speke's book with
me- but map Of Central Africa which have with me
contains the statement in brackets, that the Victoria
Niyanza has altitude of only 8, 30S feet above the
ocean. If this statement is Speke's authority
either he or am wrong for my two aneroids almost
fresh from England, make it much higher One
ranges from $50 to $3.50 feet; the other from 3575
to 615 feet have not boiled my thermometers yet
but intend doing before starting the work of
poring the lake. have reason to suspect that the
anerods at fault, they both first class and
have been carefully carried with the chronometers
With regard to Spcke's position Of Muanza, incline
to think that he is right, but as / have not visited
Muanza cannot tell The natives point it out west
ward of Kagehyi and but a short distance or The posi-
ton Of the port of Kagehy is south latitude deg 81
min east longitude 80 deg. 10 min.
| MASTERING EXPEDITION
mustered the men of the expedition Yesterday and
ascertaned it to consist Of three white men and 100
Wanguana soldiers and carriers, twenty eight having
died since leaving Ituru thirty days ago over one half
OF force has thus been lost by deserton and deaths
This is terrible but hope that their long here will
revive the weak and strengthen the strong The dread
full scourge Of the expedition has been dysentory and
boast Of but few cured Of by medicine though
it was freely Nven possessed Of abundance
of medical stores great drawback their cure has
been the necessity Of moving on whereas a few days.
rest in country blessed with good water and food
would have restored many OF them to health; but good
water and good food could not be procured anywhere
together except here The Arabs would have taken
nine months or year to march this long distance
while have performed il only 1903 days. including
halts As vaccnated every member OF the expedition
on the coast, am happy to say that not one tell a
\ victim 10 smallpox.
4 HOW THE LETTER WAS SENT
| leave this letter In the hands OF Sunporo n
u trade M hare tn
he will be enabled shortly send to Unyanyembe as
he frequently sends there with ivory; but a
| copy Of il l shall take with to Uganda, and de-
liver 1t to Mtesa, the King to be conveyed il possible
\ to Colonel Gordon. Since leaving Mpwapwa l have
not met caravan bound for Zanzibar; and after