davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1875-11-26
To Builders and Lumber l3a.'

The subscriber has completed .-
NICt"rN and - now III, f1r,d p.
ana dImrI.>i timber of ..r|.-.
Trees ar. lar-.,.. and h,. rll. fr.'r
timber for esp ciil purposes
IN been III thu business u.r' '.
hh'irr~ himself be, uud.r-t .H.- ..
want. and Ia. can I'LL bills -I"'..
rillN I'.-...
II. .I"hn~huIy NLl { l-.-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1875-11-26
Wood and Hay For Sale !
Farm in Lyndon For Sale !!
Desirable Property for Sale

The residence of the late Barron Muult"n. on
Main Street i'll this village and about 10 acres "i
pasture. land adjoining the cemetery. Also III
acres uf wood land iii the East pirt ut the town.
pn- shlIt uf stock of caledonia County ! All
Ground umpanX ou, second hand Buggy II
ton Mass and DAVID EOYNrON. ~. johns
bury VI
September l. Ia.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1875-11-26
Love in Discipline.

hope i'll God. for You shall Yet praise
him"
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1875-11-26
D. A. CLIFFORD,
Proprietor al Cliford'~ Gallery
St. Johnsbury, VT.

THIS space j. paid tor ny GEO H. HASTINGS.
F"t"4ial'h'r. Crowns Black Main street VIII"
says that instead 81 writing a lengthy advrrti-,
Im"n' h' would lIk- each and every person who -
III want Of Photographic work. either LARGE ur
>M ALL. PLAIN finished IN OIL. W ATEE
tOLOl;S 81 IND II h {" call and examine SI..-
cim"ns of his work and compare II with that found
"i-rw here. II, would .tls,, hav, II distinctly nm
dertn'd thai with hi. LIGHT and FACILITIES.
Tor FDrtrnd Photographer Their. j. produced just a.
CORRECTLY lighted and a. Tim, artisric:lly finished
work a. can h' found ia this ~rctiun of the state.
GEO. II. HASTINGS.
Browns Block. Main Street.
9 Special mention made of work exhibited AT
IL" late county faii Is of superior excellence.
II J"hn-huTN. VI g3tf
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1875-11-26
Special Announcement
AUTUM N, 1875!
Photograph Art Gallery.

Demonstrating my STUDIO ~ -rrat EXPENSE. att'l
l,ilI> and principles "t tn, studios ut the m"-
distinguishes, German artists III Portrait ..hu1"-Il,
l,il, nov hay, Ih-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1875-11-26

Having now located i'll new office, i'll the Bricl
Block north side the soldiers Monument, and haN
M LARGELY increased our facilities tor doing
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
george aeddes on Side Hill PlOws.

Mr. George Geddes Of New York, who
writes much for the papers on agricultural
topics, and whose articles are received with
great respect, has written to the New York
Tribune condemning swivel plows. He says
the Geddes farm is fully supplied with side
hills, some Of them quite steep, and we own
a good side-hill plow, SO called; that is, a
pillow that by being turned throws the fur
rows either way. This plOw has stood idle
in tie tool room for probably twenty years,
never once used, as We have found how to
cut our side.hills aud do our work without
this side-hill plow. Some cases will not
admit OF our way Of doing things, and q
side-hill plow must be used but they are,
in my opinion, only to be used in cases where
an ordinary plow cannot be. AS to the
dead furrows and back furrows made in the
use of the single mould-board plow, they
amount to nothing practically. Auy man
that has dons much blowing will have ways
OF making the dead burrows so shallow and
the back burrows SO low that they will
hardly be noticed by the driver Of the mower
or the reaper He thinks the avoidance Of
dead burrows and back burrows is not Of
sufficient Importance to justify poor work
aud heavy drawings of the teams.
II Mr. Geddes will try a swivel plow
made at the present day perhaps he would
change his mind as to the value of such
plOws.
The sweeping condemnation of swivel
plows, because the farmer tried one twenty y
years ago, looks bigoted to those who turn
their soil with a swivel plow, whether on
level land or side hill, and do it as well as
any land side pillow.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
For the VERMONT FARMER.
Smut In Grain Again.

EDITOR VERMONT FARMER In your is.
sue Of July Both noticed a communication
from man on the subject Of smut in grain,
in which it was claimed that il (smutl came
from parasite on the original grain. and
claimed it had been proved. sat down
and wrote you an invitation to have the
proof published, that interested parties might
judge for themselves. Your answer was,
that your columns were open for all, and
inter that Prof Brewer the first writer)
stepped one side for tho time to let others
speak; no, contrary to my usual custom, l
attempt to write my experience and opin-
ion on the subject, which will be confined to
wheat.
Twenty-seven years ago last spring sOwed
two and one-fourth bushels Of wheat on one
and one-fourth acre of land, some of the last
days Of April, dry, with no previous prepara-
tion; and narrowed the same very thor
oughly, more than l had been in the habit OF
doing, for the reason that one of the span of
horses used was high-spirited colt and 1
was bound to sober her, not expecting any
other benefit from extra narrowing. The
land was planted to corn the year before,
well manured in the hill and broadcast on
the top. The result was a good yield Of
very plump wheat with not head of smut
in the whole field.
The week following l took from the same
bin like quantity per acre aud sOwed one
acre with no preparation and narrowed it
very lightly, shower of rain coming upon
me; il rained for three days more or less,
30 that l did not take out my team; the
fourth day l was called away from home /;
the wheat was up the fifth day and l, being
young, thought it would ruin 1t to move it
then did not harrow it any more. The
land was stubbe ground, lightly manured
PlOwed in. The result was very light crop,
Que full fourth Of the heads filled with smut
The subject then being discussed in the
Boston Cultivator, several persons called
and examined both fields and came to the
conclusion that there was nothing in the seed
that produced smut. But that it came from
a lack of the main or tap root extending
down sufficiently to reach sufficient nOurish.
msnt to carry ii up with proper vigOr and
life. The examination showed. AZ was
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Potato Diggers.

There is no work on the farm that brings
the mortality of the poor human frame to
mind more forcibly than digging potatoes.
II there is a weak spot or a screw loose in q
mans anatomy, digging potatoes few days
will reveal the fact. 1t is an expensive
crop if all the labor is hired. The planting
can be done by horse power also most Of
the hoeing. We have been looking for a
digger that will work. When such ma
chine is offered to farmers they will consult
their own interests by accepting it.
The readers of the FARMER will be inter.
ested in a description of the operation of
the potato diggers at the New York state
fair, which is reported 1t the American Rural
Home
On Thursday, the various potato diggers
on exhibition, with few exceptions, repaired
to a potato field north of the fair grounds, to
show how their machines work 10 practice.
The field Was we'll calculated 70 test their
qualifications for their work, ranging as it
did, from light to heavy loan, quite stony,
and IN spots full Of barren grass aad thistles.
The machines commenced on Early Rose,
and the judges decided that each one should
dig one row across tho field, about thirty
rods, aud back again.
A wheeled machine, invented by H. Gil.
lam, with an endless-chain separator, led the
way. 1t digs the potatoes clean, with q
kind Of scoop, passes them rapidly over the
separator aud drops them on top Of the
ground, leaving the surface raked smooth.
II clOgged several times, going across, with
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
For the vermont FARMER,
Raising Trout.

EDITOR VERMONT FARMER :---Agreoably
to my promise, l will give your readers my
experience, for the last year, in trout rais-
iUg. Although have been operating on a
small scale. can say it is quite satisfactory
and promises well for the experiment so far.
l caught out few in September, the
largest weighing one pound each, When
the same trout were put in one year ago did
not weigh one-half pound. think l can
safely say that trout will double their weight
each year if properly fed, which can be
done with little trouble and expense CON-
pared with raising pork aud poultry.
can sec no reason why people should not
improve their first opportunity, where there
is possible chance, aud make fish pond.
l have seen hundreds of places superior to
my own that are uuoccupied. Therefore
l would say to my brother farmers that l
never had the care of anything that gave me
moro pleasure to feed. than it does to feed
the trout. Instead Of its being task il is
merely a pleasure in summer to throw feed
upon the surface of the water and witness
the display of the bright, speckled sides al
they come to the top Of the water. Try il
and then you will believe it, aud can see
no reason now why it will not be a profit.
able investment. G. 9. H.
BdrRStOn, p. O., November "a.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

stones stopping the carrier, aud scatters the
tubers 30 that II cannot return on the ad-
joining row without covering many Of them.
II II could be improved 30 as not 10 clog,
should think il would do pretty good work.
Price S1O0.
Mr. Innis, Of Newburgh, N. Y, next went
the bout with his machine, entered BY Mar
cellus Bros, Rochester, which is large
shovel.plough set more nearly horizontal
than for ordinary use, with hooked rods
dragging behind to work the tubers to the
surface. 1t seems to move along easily,
ploughiug out the potatoes, and leaving them
uncovered on the surface, except In passing
through very thick bunches Of grass when
it clogged, and showed grass and tubers along
In bunch. IL scattered too much 10 dig
adjoining row, unless the rows were three
feet apart. We think it would soon save a
large potato grower its cost-$2S.
The Knox Digger, entered by VIM Wood
ham, Rochester, wheel digger with wide
scoop for digging, and shaking screen for
separating the dirt from the tubers, and
iedders for unclogging, next went through.
1t went its bout without clogging, and left
the tubers bare on the surface, less scattered
than by either the preceding. 1t dug ad-
joining rows, and could safely do il with
rows three feet apart. Cost 500.
The Centennial" a new machine, made
by james Norton, Kingston, N. j., repre-
sented by d. Voorhes, next catered the lists.
It is new machine, with two small ploughs
for digging, throwing the potatoes together
when falling upon a rapid shaker, they were
separated from the dirt and left bare pretty
well on the centre Of row. 1t seems to move
easily and quietly but clogged ouce or twice
in thickest weeds. Price S75
George w. Kintz of Henrietta next tried
his digger. 1t is a kind Of plough, with
wide mould.board and share, wheel inside
of Landslide, hook ahead to straighten tops,
and curved rods and straps to receive and
separate the potatoes. 1t went through sue
cessfuly, lifting out the hill, and leaving the
tubers more in bunches and little more
mixed with soil than did the others. II
would be great aid to farmer in digging
his crop, and worth the cost, S35.
The diggers were then called TO work il
Peachblows, with rank, green tops. Tht
Centennial first tried, clogged and gave il
up.
Knox's first put on the tongue, long iror
rod, with two hooks to straighten the tops
and went through without clogging.
Innis took off the rods, went through
clogging some, but not enough to cause {
failure.
kintz went through successfully, leaving
the tubors on top of the ground, but adher.
ing to the tops, which may be said of all oi
them
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

value Of hay is great. Calves and lambs
need the best of hay. Mich COWS ought to
have the best tho farm affords. a
The mattsrof feeding grain is one that is not
compreheudsd by many. II pays to feed
grain to stock. There is no way in which a
farmer can make so profitable use Of grain
as by keeping his animals thrifty.
Roots have an important place in winter
economy on the farm. In connection with
any other food tho stock may have, their
value is great. The mingIiDg Of foods so as
to create proper balance in the nutrit,vs
elements, BY which only can the whole bo util'
lied should be study on every farm. With
everything needful at hand, aud abundant
skill aud understanding of the subject, there
will be failure unless there is constant
,oversIsht and watehfsIness
of the animals themselves. The farmer
should see every day that each animal is
right, aud takes its ration aud thrives. The
care Of stock is greatly relieved and their
comfort and growth enhanced it there is a
good supply Of
Running Water
conveniently located where they can get il
without exposure to fierce winds aud wading
through snow or mud. A stream which
never freezes over is preferable to one that
closes itself by the action Of cold in half an
hour, is worth millions in a stock yard
Store animals, those kept for breeding
purposes and to remain on the farm cannot
be healthy and sound without
Exercise.
If they are confined, with no chance to move
about, the vital, digestive aud reproductive
functions lose their tone, and feeble stock
is the result. For fatteniug animals the
less exercise the better. For all, quiet,
contented life, free from fear, excitement
aud discomfort, Is essential.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Cure of Foot and Mouth Disease.

A writer in the Mark Lane Express
states that it is possible to cure the disease
in four days. His treatment is as follows
He isolated the animals affected, put them
in a building by themselves, covered them
up to get them warm, deprived them of food,
and gave the following: Eight ounces salts,
four ounces treacle, one ounce nitre, one
ounce ground ginger, and two ounces sui.
phur, mixing it in four or FIVE quarts Of
milk.warm water. The next morning he
gave one ounce carbonate Of potash aud two
ounces hyposulphate of soda, in six quarts
warm water. This was to purify the blood
aud all y fever. On the evening of the
secohd day he gave quart of boiled linseed
oil, aud washed their feet in 4 solution Of
one ounce nitre and quart of warm water
The mouth and nose were washed out with q
quarter Of an ounce of tannic acid ia quart
OF warm water. This alleviated the soreness
Some of the tannic acid was put into the
nostrils aud allowed to run down into the
throat. In very short time the animal
would throw of quantity Of mucus, and
could breathe freely. This treatment was
continued three days, and on the fourth the
disease had almost entirely disappeared.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
For The vranoNr RAnxnR.
Saving Hay by Feeding Meal.

would like to inquire through the col-
umns Of the FARMER how much hay would
be saved BY feeding two quarts of corn meal
70 COW day9 Would ten bushels Of corn
equal one ton Of hay? If csw requires
two, and q half tons Of hay alone to winter
her, would one ton be saved by feeding ten
bushels Of corn Does any one know by ex-
perieuce2 s.
I'VE would be glad IL those who have in.
vestigated this question would give the read.
ers Of the FARMER the benefit Of their ex.
perieuce, as that is what our correspondent
wishes, and is the only real test.
The result Of our experience is that a
good, healthy COW will eat two quarts Of
corn meal day and just as much hay as il
she had no meal. Some COWS 10 some cir.
euuistauCes win eat more hay If fed mod
crate daily ration Of meal. Good COWS will
make return for il 10 milk or 10 condition
and vigOr stored up as a reserve to be
drawn upon next season. Poor cows will
make little or no paying return for it. They
pay for nothing.
Meal may be made to take the place Of
hay iu part, and according to the practice
of Mr. L. W. Miller Of Stockton, N. Y, il
may replace it altogether, as winter food Of
COWS. Mr. Miller winters COWS on three
quarts Of corn meal a day, which would re.
quire about seventeen bushels Of corn. Rea.
sOning by analogy, it may be assumed that
seven bushels of the meal may be replaced
with q ton and half Of hay and the COW
wintersd we'll
Whether ten bushels of corn meal (about
500 pouuds) is the equivalent of a ton o.
hay depends on tho quality OF the hay
There is fully eighty per cent difference ia
the value Of hay, in our opinion. AS it il
not our purpose to take the question out o
the hands Of practical farmers, we say NJ
more, but call on them to tell US what they
know
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
WHOLE NO. 26O.
Roots.

Joel Lund Of Hooksett writes us that he
has raised on fifteen square rods Of land
ninety five bushels and 6fty-Hvs pounds Of
mangel-wurtzel beets, or at the rate Of more
than a Thousand bushels 10 the acre. This
Is good yield, but no better than many
other men have secured the present season,
and il is safe enough 10 conclude that any
man who will manure his land literally and
cultivate it judiciously can raise thousand
bushels Of beets on every acre he will SOW.
And here we want to say that we do not
believe our farmers can this winter turn
their attention TO Q more profitable subject
than this one Of root crops. IL has been
demonstrated that the cost Of beets need not
exceed seven or eight cents per bushel, aOd
at this price there is not SO cheap food for
hogs, for young cattle, and especially for
milk cows to be had.
Says London Journal; 1--WE could
produce facts and figures showing how
assuredly the profit Of . modern farm is
regulated by the success Of roots growing
upon it, and how no other system Of farming,
and no skill in other branches Of industry,
can compensate for failures or partial failing
in root production"
While this is doubtless more true Of Eng
land than Of this country, it is true enough
here in New England where our surround
ing circumstances are crowding out the old
system Of farming, and where in order to
live and thrive we must learn to till less
land and get more from the acres we do till.
We have got to feed our COWS better,
keep our hogs cheaper, and push our young
stock faster, and we know OF no other way
TO do these things SO easily as by increasing
our root crop.-Mirror and Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Absorption of Ammoniacal and other
Gases by the Soil.

A correspondent Of the Ohio Farmer states
that the power of fertile soil to absorb
ammoniacal gases is greater than that of a
barren soil. He says;
We alluded in our last to the power pos
sessed by soils and porous bodies generally
of absorbing ammoniaeal and other gases,
and we now draw attention to the power
soils possess Of retaining from their solutions,
the fertilizing constituents of manures. Ex.
periments made in England by Prof Way
and other distinguished chemists, show tina,
soils which are considered FERTILE possess the
power of absorbing and retaining the ammo
mia, potash, soda, etc, which constitute their
chief manuring properties. The washingt
from dung heaps, which contain the soluble
fertilizing substances of the manure, such as
ammonia and its salts, phosphate Of lime and
salts of potash, have been by these chemists
subjected to filtration through various soils,
aud the filtered water has been found, when
from rich, loamy soils, to contain but little
ammonia, phosphates or salts Of potash
showing that the soil through which they
had passed had absorbed those substances
and retained them. In sandy and other
poor soils they passed through with the water
to a great extent.
1t appears as though the rich soils which
possess this property, have in some way, the
power Of separating ammonia, potash, lime
and superphOsphates from their acid com.
binatons (sulphates, muriates, nitrates), and
permitting these acids to pass through in
other combinations. These experiments have
been made by different chemists and are
substantiated by the striking coincidence in
the results they 60 to show in q general
way, that in rich soils manures produce a
better result when placed on the surface
than when Immediately plowed in; they
suggest, also, the advantage of covering the
barn yard with an abundant thickness ol
loamy earth, before the cattle are admitted
so that the valuable constituents Of the rain
ings and juices may be retained and not lost
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
For the VERMONT FARHER
The Sick Heifer.

Mr. EDITOR Being one Of your sub
scribers, l noticed the inquiry, concerning
the sick Aeifer, of Mr. Roberts, and have had
some expert ,nce in this matter. l had a
two.year-old steer, several years ago, which
| had not noticed as being aiing until l
drove him up with the rest and put him
into fall feed. The next day noticed he
did not feed, and was extremely costive. l
tried large doses of physic, and many kinds,
but without effect. He followed the rest
about, and then would lie down and stay
until they went to another part Of the field,
aud then would follow and lie down. After
following for nine days, the tenth day, think.
ing he would die, as he had not eaten but
very few mouthfuls Of food ia the time,
had him killed, and found his gall nearly
Is large as a quart pitcher.
One year ago last spring had yearling
steer taken very much as the other, aud,
being very desirous Of saving him, thought
to try bitter thistle and snAke-head, stepped
together, stepped very strong, in quart doses,
three times day, which cured him. Blessed
thistle and water jensou). believe it to
be enlargement of the gall, which, in my
mind, needs something bitter.
MARSHALL CLARK.
Fairfdr, November %. 1875.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03
Management of Stock in Winter

The time has come for the farmer to look
particularly to his means Of making his ami
mails comfortable during the cold period. II
ought to be too we'll settled at this day to
require further mention, that no farmer can at
ford to keep his stock exposed to the weather,
or even in stables with a small ventilator
between each two boards. He cannot afford
to warm all out doors. or a cold stable, by
burning food inside his animals for that pur-
pose. But notwithstanding all the sermons,
and all the discussions at clubs, thousands
will still feed their stock at a straw or hay
stack, or put them in stables that only break
the heavy force of the wind, leaving currents
in general circulation. Does any farmer
think, If he stops TO think about it at ALL
that ii is cheaper to feed a COW thres-iourths
Of ton of hay, extra, to keep up animal
heat, than to spend fifty cents per animal TO
make his stable warmf--Live Stock Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The Rural New Yorker complains that
Brother Wetherell of the Boston Cultivator
is hypercritical, calling on other people to
settle questions in dairy husbandry, etc, by
experiments, and saying how 'very easy" it
is and suggests that his Overstrained criti-
cism of the labors of others give place to
tOOrk in bis own dairy to settle these queS.
tiOns. 1t is true enough that friend Wetherell
has a habit of "settling questions" for care
less or ignorant writer's and editors, and il
would not be strange if he makes mistake
occasionally. at"@
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-03

The Massachusetts, fish commissioners aud
people, who have taken great pains by re-
stocking and statutory regulation Of fishing
to replace the shad, once 50 plentiful in the
Connecticut. have the satisfaction Of seeing
e the greedy fisherman of Connecticut scoop
out the shed by tho thousand, in nets
Pennsylvanians suffer 10 the same manor
from the depredAtiOns Of Marylauderu in the
waters Of the Susquehanna. The only reliel
AttainAble by the aggrisyed parties in either
case is the satisfaction derived from the
application of prOfane epithets to the van
dals.