, 1875-09-11

It IL thoroughly equipped ~ a t'rons,, line, and
Ia Just now entering tlrnu now orn nf its bnAs-
.oaa; md. finally. tlat It is tho outlet OF The
inest ond most rap1''1y developing farming ro-
glnn which lfos IN nnD body WrBt Of tim hfiasia-
Hipri. will nt thu Han,e t'tno. natural md ,atlve
gfn2lnR far'ittth chpablo Of supplying beef to
iIaf 4 continent.
BURLINGTON & MISSOURI RIVER RAIL
ROAD IN NEBRASKA.
This Ia ono Of tho rnirostls of the midwest
which originated in a 1nnd grant. Poor's Rail.
road Manual. for 1885, Kivns tho total mileage
Of tho road al 2il snlioa. Tho main line Ia 192
nneH long. 1ta intlnl point Is at rlattsmouth,
OH tho sIsBour, R!ser. and ita weasern tar1ntnus
is at Rcarney City, whoro junction Ia effected
with t1,n uuion Pacific load. There arc tso
branches Ono atarta from Omaha. to which
city tho headquarters Of tho road have racont-
" boon removed. ,This Omaha branch runs
south unioe tho shndow Of tue Missous, Bluffs,
10 O1eopoiiB on the .soulla hank OF the Platte,
wltcro Il Joins the maia limo. Tile
second branch o1feinatns Mt Creto In tin
big Dlne EAllcy, md 1t runs along this
magnificent Wiley for. 80 nltos to neatrico, O
pleasant and busy town, tho ceiltro and capital
OF d comparatively Iong-sottol and htgh1y-cnlti.
yated country. The Eastern connections OF tito
u. e. M.'-tho popular name of tho road In No
bra1ka-are with the Ui,icago, burlington Il
Quincy Nnlltoad at Omaha and rlatthmoutlI. AMI
with tic otber rall!oad5 which run to Omaha.
Tho Western connection, an already said, iH with
tho Union Pacific al Kcasnoy City. Tho hfan-
ager Of tho ruad Is Arr. @. L. Perkins, Vice.
President md tho Land. Commissioner III hIr.
A. L. TowzaIll,, who're head Office is at Lincoln,
tho Ga it'll Ut Nebraska.
sofl., CLIMATE AND PHYSICAL aEodnAPHY or
Tho Nebfnslian lrc[rio, especially Nebraska
Hotth Of The Plata River. IL fcltile healthy,
tomrerhlo iii cllmnto and every way adapted to
austat', lafgo industrial population. Tho soil
alluvloh washod. during tho geological ages,
from tho locEy Mountains. 'lflla alluyton itnelf
~ 1ert e, antl capable Of high cultivation nud,
cl'e'nAcaly i 10 10 constructed Tint It holds
faca ts perfectly untlcrdrainod during seasons Of
abundant rain and t1u,ing tie dryer times, Ito
water held by tho a'tbaolsponRe ia drawn by
capillary attraction into tho loots Of the panss.
State UnlyeEai,y, Nebrasli,aa farms aro mother
dried out nor drowned out. THO surface ~ dry:
cna within few houra after a heavy rainfall tho
land beass no tsaco OF 1t, except III tho bright
Ia not 1iain. From the Missouri there is
gradual and regular accent, wost BY North, and
averaging about III roct to tho tnile-an ascent
Which tnakea Nebraska tho !owoHt eastern slope
VI llG A4QEA$ Al1AAblljbs LIS GlSFatlO1 DI TUG
land Oh tho woBtorn bank Of rho nlsaouri at
f'lhttnnouth Ia about 800 feet above tho low
water level Of the Gulf nf Mo1tco, and tho clevA-
Hor Oh the ltlls OF the Tooth meridian about
$500 foet Ne does tins toll Tho full Hsory OF
Tho physical geography Of Nebraska. Tho
wooded platto--wtde, Shallow, and dotted with
isfands-svce,s through Tho centrA OF The
state from tho mountains to the Missouri l!lve=.
Within fcw miles OF it's southern bank, cant
q Kcssney City, Btrcamicts begin to arise.
Those do not l!oad towards tue Pluto, hut boud
10 tho soutLeabt. They break tho contours OF
tie land into rolling forms: 1,ko soa-wavca wl.ou
storm has snbsldsd. Tho stroams gather vol
u,ue Us they run: They become rivore. About
so miles wost OF the Missouri there ia the Big
Dlua, flowing norlh to south into tho kansaA
Hivor; tho Wcst Dluc, rising IN Adams C'ounty
and ontolng tho Big blue north OF Crete !; the
Little BLUE, Which cuts tho country .liayunally
aouth OF the West Blue; and tho Republican, tAut
haa itB channel near tle bordcr-1ine Oh tho
Bonth: IN the distinctly rolling country botwecn
tho Zig Dluo and tho Missouri ttoro nre nt.tner-
ons c. esks There arc shst Creek lou which
Lincoln ss built, having In lta vicinity ono salt
spripg which il property utilized would give 800
Rarrels Of salt por day. aud tH tributaries flowing
north to thu rlstte, aud other rlVors trpndfng
aonthcn*t to tho Missouri. All thcuo rivora have
wide, ,alluvtal bottoms. bordored by rising
uulands, tho former best for corr, aud tho lat
tor for hhcat. Iii their natural BtatH tue bnnkg
Of the r.yers arc thichiy waoled. In somo
places the settlers havo Ind to cut the timber
Awuy; hut Nature rostorcs and to-dry It 10 only
In spots that tho streams gro not tree-irIugod aa
from tho times lmmemorsal.
THE PLA1fs WITH AND WITHOUT RAILROADS.
This land Ia rich lu soil, genial in cinsto. we'll
waterod nu tho surface, and having ihoxAauHti-
bio fouhtstns beneath tho surfgco. With moro
than sufficient wood for all lie Loeln Of carly
settlement, and with promise Of abundance Of ii
whonovor farmers shall plant-ths lnnd haH
bten called desert. 1t IA in tho liuo or nlivrn.
tion from East to West, md in the line OF thu
constantly notwithstanding centro OF populA-
ton; but, bad It nos boen for tho ralroaus. q
asHors IN ;ho popular estimation for many
lQnK yoar IL Would have renlnlued. Tho earliest
record Of settlement tn Nebraska datos buck
about tweuty yosrB Scattering fArrnH wora
openad in the Missouri Vallny. but net.toru lid
not CONSIDER 1t poss,b!o to TIL tho ground
Of the river. As tho Mormous Jour-
noyed to Utah aud tho miners to California
and Pixies roak, they lad to penetrate " tho dos
ors." TrsEa! aud traffic becaule constant, and
thc frontier Hort koarney had to bo removed
from the Missouri 10 tile 100th meridian.
Gradually tho truth about Nebraska beoatns
known. ThoBtEean Of ftrhyol left reslduum Ut rot
Elements, and hoIa aud thero In the riyor valleys
not 10, ,000 aoula tn the whole Territory, and nt
that time tho Torh.ory Of Nebraska had for !ts
weBsorn 6oundaty tue BumulitB Ut tho Roaky
MountaiuH, Whtla tts nurtbern lno ran lar away
north. In 1865, tho Torrltofy rnma!niDG ih1ger
than tho presunt s.ato, which was constituted il,
1867, the population Naa but G0D00 while now.
tho State limits baiug At down to about 400
mIsea from cast 10 west and about 2o0 from
south to notth, ths reoplo number flom 25U,D10
to 300, 600. the areat tilk dwelling eAst Of tho
Tooth meridian. and tho large msjority south Ut
tho Platte Htycr.
LaHd-eranta to railroads have been sharply
ctitialsed; yok they hnve beon necfu1. Az this
iay no mora grants uoed bo made. Dut without
Tue land-grant.-eho only aid tho Government
Afforded tho u. l. M, 10 Nebranka would prob
ably mover have besn copAtruetotl.
Subsequent facts i'ayo Justified the Govern
mont tn cooferr'ns the land-grsnt ant the Con,-
Tho Government retained moloty of thu lAud,
giving to the Company the other. Al! the Gov
ernmunt half Though doubled tp pr1co) along
the line Of tho road is disposed ofs und thus
thtH lnnd-Krant has involved no money.loes TO
the nstlon. The Company, IN its turn, has not
TENTED lta Eraut ~ a monon1s. Wa arc ILL
formed that /. has already had T. 600 purchascrs
"a proof that the country IL attractive and Tho