The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-02-27
THE CITY MILK TRADE.
A General Official Test of the Lacteal
Fluid Now in Progress.
The Law Against AduIteraton To Be
Rigidly Enforced
THE SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION.
A Subject in Which Every One Is
Interested.

There IL no subject in which the community 10
more deeply interested than in that OF having
always at command an abundant supply OF milk.
free from impurities and obtainable at q reason
able price. The article constitutes 80 large and
important an item In the consumption OF all
classes-young and old, vigorous and inhrm. rich
and pOOr-that laws nave been enacted and are
now In force. to protect the public from impos-
ton by the sale Of adulterated milk. 1t appears
that during the past few weeks numerous
communications nave been received by the Board
OF Health complaining OF the inferlority OF the
article furnished by grocerymen and other
dealers, and representations have also been made
by farmers that BY the time the pure milk fur
nshed by them reaches the family table 1t is very
largely diluted with water. The great use and
value OF milk. which may be considered q necessity
for the health and comfort OF human beings from
the earliest stages OF lie to the grave, are thus
greatly impaired. BY the Introduction OF water
IL ceases to be wholesome and palatab BILE, and 1t
has been demonstrated that adulteration in the
manner stated has caused the outbreak OF q
viruleut form OF typhoid fever among people who
habitually used II. The Board OF Health nave
directed several sanitary officers visit the various
places In the city where milk Is retailed with the
view Of testing It's strength and quality. They
far the results snow that good grounds for pub.
lie dissatisfaction exist The lactometers which
are used indicate very general use of water. The
sanitary code Of New York provides that NJ per-
son shall have at any place where milk Is kept for
sale 'nor at any place OFFER or have Tor sale, nor
shall any one bring or send to said city any
wholesome. watered or aduterared milk, or milk
known as swill milk. or milk from cows or other
animals that for the most part live in
stables, or that are fed on swilI, garbage
or other like substances" 1t is further
provided that parties properly authorized BY the
Realth Department shall be at liberty to fully IN.
spect the liquid. and ell reasonable and proper
questions relative 20 the condition thereof must be
answered. The Commissioners, It seems, are re.
solved 10 protect the public from the sale OF dele
terious milk by prosecuting parties who know.
ingly veDd It, as q warning to others who engage
In the neiarious business. They deem II, besides,
prudent to commence operations in the winter
season, so that when summer comes ana the con
sumption OF milk doubles, every dealer. without
exception, will know where he stands. The pen
aties prescribed BY law will be urged after con-
victlon. and the summary measures that are an.
thorized to be taken In reference to unhealthy
food offered for sale Will Invariably be adopted
THE TRADE IN NEW YORK.
1he milk trade OF New York Is OF vast proper
lions. An immense amount OF capital Ia invested
in 1t, and employment Is AFFORDED to thousands OF
persons engaged on the farms and IN the trafdc
Many hundreds Of vehicles are used in supplying
the commodity 20 families at their residences, aud
the amount paid for transportation on railroads
forms q very considerable item In their earnings.
MIX, 1t may be said, goes to make up consider
able portion OF the iood consumed by mankind In
all chimes. The Laplander delights IN the milk OF
the reindeer the Bedouin OF the desert In that of
the camel; the mountaineers OF the Alps depend
largely on the goat for sustenance, and the eve
and ass In other countries contribute literally to
health and comfort. But the milk OF the Is what
gains the most favor in Europe and the United
states. and it appears most extensively on oil
occasions when COCA and nourlshing food Is re-
CURED. New York Is supplied oy the various rail-
road lines entering the city and having termini at
the New Jersey side or on the island itself The
milk arrives at midnight, and Is Immediately
removed ny the Wholesale dealers and by class
of operators who. it is charged. are
CHIEFLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ADULTERATION,
and who are known as jobbers or spectators.
The milk comes from the country in large tin cans
each containing forty quarts. The following state
ment showing the daily arrivals by each line, Will
give some idea OF the extent Of the business In
THIS city,
Cans
Erie Railway Orange county. about. ....... 500
Harlem Railroad WESTMINSTER county ...... 1000
IL
Hudson River Railroad. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. $50
Midland IN. ~ Railroad. .:..................L 1000
Morris and Essex Railroad. $500
Long lsiand kalH oad... OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 500
Besides the ABOVE approximate figures about
sou cans are produced In the city ana suburbs, in.
Guiding Williamsburg and Brooklyn. rms SHOWS
An aggregate OF over 500. 600 quarts OF milk that
find market In New YORK; but, large as these
neures are, Tue amount required In the summer
when the article Is cheap aud plenty Is far IN ex.
cess. The river and sound steamers then add
thousands of cans to the daily arrivals. The price
n m a a anId t.v
in summer OF eight cents quart; In winter ten
cents. The wholesale dealers who receive It at
freight, sell IN winter &C seven cents; in summer
i've and halI cents. The farmers are paid Oy the
quart during four months OF the year; Iour cents
during iour months, and five cents Q quart
e ss a engaged "a give s as ads
following facts relative to dairy business along
the line Of the Harlem road VIII be read with IN:
terest. The cows numoer over 10000, which give
45. OO0 900 quarts annually. Inc ANIMALS over
$2ooOoO0. 1t takes $4,000 10 pay lot hired neip.
the average compensation Tor eacn employe being
$35 per month. During tue winter s0ooOoo Is ex.
pended In keeping the cattle and for extra feed.
The rules adopted BY tne Board OF Health for
testing the quality and strength OF milk are
slightly acid. Next. the cam test. quantity
OF milk Is poured into long glass tube aud lett
standing tweay,our hours Tor the purpose OF
percentske Of cream Is then determined oy
measuring the column Of cream as well as the
column or milk. For the determination OF
butter q certain quantity OF mix Is dried at
2l2 degrees Fahrenheit. This IL treated with
ether, wnicu leaves the butter Dehind. 10 deter
mine the whole amount OF solid constituents and
inorganic salts quantity OF milk Is subjected TO
2l2 degrees Fahrenheit. Tue weight shows the
amount OF all the .solid constituents. THIS being
ignted loses all inorganic constituenIs-outter,
lacun and casein-ieav.ng the inorganic SANDS
behind. II CO ponlc soda was dissolved in tle
milk Tor the purpose OF preventing IL getting sour,
ACIDS brought in contact With the salts causes
enervescenee The quantity OF salts. together with
the quantity Of outer. subtracted from the total
amount OF solids, leaves the amount Of sugar and
caseln. other,
not FAIRY, BUT ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
added to the milk for the purpose OIL giving 1t q
rion and creamy appearance will increase the
weight OF sugar and casein TO considerable ex-
tent. whenever the quantity OF those two SUP.
stances - above the normal standard. wnen o
certain proportion OF butter on one side and
sugar ana casein on the otner side do not exist,
" Is almost certain snat sucn organic substances
have been auded. DR.. Chandler has at present
charge OF the tuves .gatlon now IN progress
| Sppcl IA from A large umher n milk asrohtan.