The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-10-04
TURK AND SCLAVE.
The Origin and Cause of the Chris.
tian Insurrection.
THE FUGITIvEs FROM BOSNIA
A Difficulty for Austria
to Solve.
SUSSEX, NEAR THE AUSTRIAN FRONTIER,

Inc lugltives from Bosnia have penetrated even TO
this town. which is really the outlet for the Bosnian
trade with Trieste and the of the world The great
mass OF the refugees along the river Save
for at least 100 miles below sssek and the Austrian
government is now spending about 600 forms daily in
feeding this discouraged and prosecuted lot Of beg
/ CARS Every man, woman and child who takes
| refuge on the Austrian side Of the river is
allowed seven kreutzers daily, and although
TINS sum would not enable TO buy tho tinest
glass OF beer in Paris, II gives the stawart Bos-
| man peasant plenty to cat and courage to think
about Keeping up an irregular warfare with his
Turkish masters for the next ten years The trad
ers and owners of manufacturing establishments
here in the little town Of Sussex are beginning TO
fear that their traffic with Bosnia will be suspended
for many long day. Millions Of straight trees
from the mountain forests of the Turkish province
are annually cut down. RATED and towed along the Save
to Sussex and thence dispersed about the world to
every quarter. America, with appetite for prunes,
Will be one of the arst quarrel over continuance of
the Bosnian troubles because that fruit exported
immense quantities from Bosnia through Trieste the
United States But there interests large or
powerful enough to dictate to the insurrectonists
the Turks what course they shall pursue, and tho
peasants do not, at this moment, inclined to
listen to the which doubtless tells them
that If they are in an unhappy condition
now few months neglect Of their main
stays-agrculture and woodcran-wil bring them
to the verge of starvation. The Turks have already
burned many fine forests in the interior of Bosnia,
hoping thus to terry the insurgents into attitude
OF submission. But the rayah simply runs away
when the Turks appear and by doing indicates his
determination to do anything rather than submit He
has submitted so many years, this patient rayah,
that II must begin to be monotonous. Whenever he
has asked for justice from the Turkish officials for Bos
MIA he has been packed into prison in Seralevo the
chief town of the province and there has sometimes
sweltered years without the slightest hope OF deverance
His property has been meantime taken away and sold
or cooly taken possession of by Turkish settler In
Scrajewo there hundreds of Mussulmans who have
become rich by taking advantage OF unjust sentences
assed upon the Bosnian peasantry.
THE CRUSHING NATURE THE TAXES
has been prime in the frenzy which has led to
the Instruction and whatever be the end of the revolt
in Bosnia and the Herzegovina pretty certain that
while the taxes may be diminished they will not DO
collected three four times over the case
The more carefully looks into the causes of
the troubles in Bosnia, in particular, the
more certain it that the war now
begun is not in the of first thought religous''
one, but that is the revolt against the oppression
which has been exercised at very remote periods
upon peasants in all European countries 1.-THE Bos-
Man, said to highly intelligent Frenchman who
has been twelve years the frontiers of Atasonia
'the Bosnian is just in the posi- ton that the
French peasant before the great revolution; that
the Hungarian peasant in previous to 1s4s that
the Russian serf was in but few years ago You will
hardly believe me- he continued, "when tell you
ihat during my last visit to Bosnia when
ever passed village hut the
peasants threw themselves on their knees in
the mud There never a where they did not
at least come TO their doors and stand with bowed heads
until and my companions had passed. The race IS
thoroughly broken down, and one is inclined TO
despse it for allowing the Turks triumph over it in
such manner. The depression is beginning to show
itself in the industries Of the country People are SO
discouraged that they will not work They do not
attempt even to raise their food have positively
been two days without anything to cat in the
interior of Bosnia. At the novels and villages
along the the inhabitants had barely enough for
themselves. They were accustomed to raise wha
they needed and to conceal the fact that they had IL
from the tax collector But his greed too sharp
for their expedients and he sped out their Then
they gave up in disgust The people live widely sepa
rated and there has heretofore been any difficulty
about enforcing every demand, matter how unrea
sonable against them. When the Turk can think OF
other way to bring the Bosnian TO his way of think
ing he whips his feet bastnadoes him and then locks
him up.
AT Sussex met another gentleman engaged in extern
sve trade with Bosnia and Austria Herr Luigi Basich
who had just returned from trip along the Save He
like all the people in this region appeared believe
that the instruction, rather the protest. might be
indefinitely prolonged and might lead TO something
very last He felt that the pride of the scaves
deeply concerned in elevating the nsurrcctionary
provinces into autonomy and he thought that they
would make strong effort TO bring that about even
should it entail other European complications He fully
confirmed the statement that at least
TWENTY THOUSAND REFUGEES
informed Austria, and he said that IS 900
or 10000 head of cattle and other stock had
been brought out of the country He bought three
small but excellent Turkish horses from refugees for
sxtyhve Austrian forms for the trio, and said that
he could have driven wonderful bargains II his con.
science would have permitted him to take advantage Of
the position of the refugees. There women and
children among tho fleeing Bosnans who were under.
going great suffering, and who If the troubles con-
tinued would be likely TO perish from want 'tHow.
ever" added Herr Blasich, 'fhey a hardy race
Ono would think sometimes in travelling through
Bosnia that there not food enough In
whole section to support one mans life
for day But these people live on anything They
60 for days without food. When they have nothing
to eat they smoke and lounge In the sun. Their nor
NAL condition is trouble and they don't think hunger
is by any the of their ills The great CON-
plant OF all these peasants and the well grounded one
is that they cannot get justice Whenever there is
dispute TO be settled between them and the Mussumans
II is to be in the latters favor; and anything like
urgency in pursuing ones claims is apt bring con-
dgn punishment on the unfortunate peasant"
''What is the Bosnians character9" asked.
''He is good natured good tempered and honest, and
although he is, like most rude people living in noun
famous countries suspicious and vindctive when
sion prompts he would not harm any for the sake
Of gain He is SO beaten down and crushed out that
would hardly enter his head to be aggressive. HIS
vengeances on the Turk because he has
aggerated fear Of his Mussuman masters AS you see
he away as fast they approach now; but per-
haps the more rosolutc Of the leaders, OF the
nrlasts and the Scnyonc aecnts from other nrnvlncns