davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1874-1875, 1875-04-23

A certain Chicago astronomer teels un-
happy and wishes he could move out,
whenever he thinks what an insigniicant
appearance our earth must make when
viewed from one of the larger bodies OF
the universe. 1t is rather a humilating
thought for a proud minded and ambl-
tious Chicago man to muse upon. It
makes him feel that may be he isn't get
ting the best in the box. Hereallzes mat
somehow he is being cheated. He coyets
the real estate that other beings may
have to deal in, while the idea that there
may be bigger, beJler and livelier cities
than his own revolving all around him is
enough to drive him into frenzy.
London has seventeen dailies and two
hundred and thirty-seven weekii5s.
The star. (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1874-1875, 1875-04-23

Glover sown this spring is coming UP
LYery finely inm0st vacations Of the State. ).
The star. (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1874-1875, 1875-04-23

A hog weighing 300 pounds was killed
st Maysville, KY, last week
The star. (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1874-1875, 1875-04-23
THE CINCINNATI STAR:

WEEKLY Epirios, published every Thursday, BY the
Star Publishing Company, and mailed, free OF post
age at 90 per year. II Is large eghtpage paper
Containing 4s columns Of reading matter, and Is the
cheapest paper Of It's size published In this country
ton, Agate measure Three months IaIS cents per
Inc. & Discount Of per cent. on n column 10 per
ADvERTIsEmENTs, for either WEEKLY TRI-DAfLY must
take the run of the paper and be properly classified.
Extra displays, Special and Business Notices. will bs
subject 70 advance No Objectionable matter will be
adm tted at any price whatever
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16

We have from Hon. T. S. Gold. West
Cornwall, Conn.,, the eighth annual report of
the Connecticut state board of agriculture.
At the winter meeting Of the boa I'd in
December. 1874, the subject specially as
signed for consideration was "Milk." The
meeting was opened by very valuable pa
per by Secretary Gold, on "Milk." DR.. Il.
Lewis Sturtevant, Of South birmingham,
Mass, read very elaborate paper entitled
" Physiological Considerations Concerning
Feeding for Butter and Cheese"
Prof. w. o. Atwater read paper on the
" Results of late European Experiments on
the Feeding Of Cattle" in which the subject
is treated in very thorough and exhaustive
manner.
Hon. X. A. Willard, of Little Falls, N.
Y, read very interesting paper on the
" Philosophy of Dairy Manufactures"
Mr. Olcott read a report of the committee
on Experiment Stations"
Hon. +. d. Douglass, Of Whiting, VT,
read paper Of practical value on the "Phil-
osophy of Butter Making"
Mr.. p. NJ. Augur read paper on the
"0rchards OF Connecticut"
These papers, all of which were very able,
and the full report of discussions which were
very spirited and intelligent, together with
the reports of committees and communica.
tions and statistics, aud the reports Of the
committee on FARMS and Of DIR. Cressy, Vet
Urinary Pathologist, make up one Of the
most interesting and valuable agricultural
volumes ever offered to the public.
The farmers of Connecticut ought to be
and doubtless are, proud of the work done
by their board for the cause of agriculture
in Connecticut and the whole country.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
The Hay Tsddsr.

The New England Homestead copies our
remarks on the hay tedder, crediting to the
Boston Cultivator, mistake, we doubt not
and adds -
A hay tedder is almost q necessity on a
well ordered farm. 1t saves great deal of
slow and disagreeabe work, enables man to
get along great deal faster with his haying
than he could without one, and also secure
his hay in better order. Rapid drying gives
better quality Of hay than can be obtained
when the grass is exposed to the sun for three
or four days. By the use Of a good tedder
even heavy grass can be cured in two days
aud a lighter crop in one. Frequent stirring
promotes rapid drying and tedder stirs the
grass better than the work is usually done
by hand. BY the use Of this machine the
grass can be turned three or four times day
if necessary and often in partially cloudy
weather hay which under the old system of
handling would not have been half dried will
do to go into the barn. We have used a
tedder same years and should not think we
could make hay without one. We believe it
is cheaper and easier to use labor saving
machines than il is to hire help. 1t is true
that machines cost considerable at first. but it
well cared for they will last long while, do
a great deal Of work, and do it we'll.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
A New Device for Testing Milk.

The latest device for testing milk to ascer-
tain its impurities and the quantity of water
which may have been added to it. is the inven-
ton OF Alvin Middaugh of SCION. Y. 1t con-
sists of a series of small pans arranged in
water bath or receptacle, SO that the contents
of the vats may be heated either by water or
steam. As the milk comes to the factory
given weight-say one pounds taken from
the can aud heated in the pan until tenn
perature Of about 80 Fahr. is reached. At
this temperature, Mr. Middaugh says, it is
found by practical experiment that any pecu.
liar odor, such as the smell of garlic, aged
milk, putridity, fever or disease Of the udder,
will each unmistakably manifest itself by
developing the peculiar odor which charac-
teres these impurities. .. .....,..
Whenever any patrons milk, by this test,
is shown TO be unsound, it may be rejected so
as not to injure the good milk with which it
comes in contact, and at the same time the
causes of the impurities can at once be made
the subject of investigation. But If the
milk shows no sign Of being unsound or in
bad condition, and is suspected of being d.
luted with water, the sample in the pan is
WIN duu CuIuS COll-
pressed so as to expel the whey, BY know
ing the standard weight of curd to a pound
of milk aud comparing it with the sample
tested, the variation of course shows the
amount of water which has been added and
the percentage may be deducted from such
patrons milk. Again, if the milk of any
patron is excessively poor in curd, by this
process Of testing the exact percentage to
which he is entitled is determined, and thus
his share may be equitably adjusted.
The plan seems very simple and is not at
all complicated in any OF its parts, aud we
should say it would prove useful in many in-
stances. BY this process not oDly the weight
of curd but also the weight of the whey, may
be determined and pretty accurate percent
age Of the value of milk determined.
Thus, with the actometer aud cream
gauges, together with Mr.. Middaugh's de-
vice, dishonest patrons will not readily es-
cape detection in their fraudulent practices.
Any simple and practical plan for detecting
bad milk, or milk that is excessively poor
and has been watered on its delivery at the
factory is desideratum, and We therefore
bring Mr.. Middaugh's invention to the no
tice Of lactorymon.
Y. A. Willard, in Rural New Yorker.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
Live Stock at the Centennial.

One of the most attractive features Of
the Centennial next year will be the exhibit
tion Of live stock in September and October.
Horses, mules and asses Sept. l to Is F;
horned cattle Sept 20 to Oct. 5 sheep,
swine and goats Oct. 10 to 25. Exhibitors
are, Of course, to pay for forage which will
be provided at cost, and to take all the care
Of animals and stalls.
AT recent meeting of the American In
stitute Farmers Club, Frank ID. Curtis said,
81 beg leave to suggest at this early day
that the exhibition OF live stock be confined
entirely to American. born animals. Let it
be native American 10 all respects. 1t GER
tainly is not coming up to the true idea of
national pride and appreciation for an Amer
ican citizen to exhibit foreign bred animal.
Let us as breeders stand or fall an our own
merits. For our own part We have no fears,
for we have faith in the merits Of home-bred
stock. II we depart from this standard the
exhibition will dwinde 10 character and in.
terest, aud the eclat Of success will be ques.
tionable honor. The exhibition under other
circumstances may be simply a question of
outlay in the expense of importation rather
than an evidence of skill, and enterprise and
success of the American breeder. We should
be glad to see rule adopted by the Bureau
Of Agriculture of the International Exhibit
tion that Americans should be limited exclu-
sively to the exhibition of American bred
stock. Wherever there have been establish
ed ary breeds or families Of stock in this
country we trust that their admirers will re-
spond in full strength. Let Kentucky mar
shal her stately shorthorns to the manor
born let Vermont gather from her noun
tain sides the productive merinos; let Penn
sylvania bring her Chester-white pigs with
out stint, and the West the poland Chi
mas :" the Victorias will be there to do their
part. We want to see American Berkshlres,
Suffolks, Essexes and Yorkshires American
Jerseys from New England, and Devons and
Ayrshires and all other breeds honored with
birth upon our SOIL"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
English Turnips.

The fat English turnip (of which there
are two varieties, the white top and the red
top, which differ but little except in colorl
may be sown in this climate any time be-
fore the middle of July, with the expectation
of getting good crop on suitable land.
Sown later, the roots will be smaller, but as
the late sowings need not be thinned so
severely as the early ones, fair bulk of the
smaller turnips may be harvested. We
harrow the land thoroughly, if after some
early crop, such as early peas or potatoes ;
and then, having carefully and evenly mix
ed pound of good seed with half bushel
Of fine, moist sawdust, sow it broadcast, as
equally as possible, on an acre of laud.
To get full crop this equal sowing is essen
tial, aud those who are not very skilful can
do best by using more seed, and sowing half
Of it going one way of the land, and the
rest going cross-ways. The sawdust not
only gives more bulk to sow, but also ena-
bes you to see where the seed falls. As
soon as the young plants have got four or
five rough leaves Qeaves that grow out after
the seed-leayes), they should be carefully
thinned. The early sOyings need thinning,
so as to leave one turnip to a square foot
If this rule is followed, it will look, after
you have done thinning, as if you had dug
them all up, and very few will carry the
thinning so far. But if the land is good,
plants foot apart each way are near enough,
and will make larger and much easier har-
vested crop than if left nearer together
Later sowings may be left six or eight inches
apart.
We should have said above that, after
sowing, the seeds should be brushed in, aud
on light soils rolled. The weeds should all
be removed at thinning, and the plants will
then soon shade the ground so as to smother
out whatever may grow afterwards. These
turnips are quickly harvested by two hands
one going ahead with hoe ground sharp,
aud striking off the tops while the other
rakes the turnips out with a prong hoe
One barrel OF good superphOsphate to the
acre, sown broadcast before narrowing, viii
always pay on this crop, and, on land in good
heart, is all the manure required. A far
crop can be got among corn, by scattering
the seed between the rows at the last hoeing
Don't use too much seed for this purpose, as
thinning turnips among corn is difficult work
DIR. Hoskins in Vermont Watchman.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
Culture and Training for Farmers.

The Boston Cutivator gives an account
Of visit to an extensive mandatory of
glass, with description Of the intricate and
interesting details Of manufacture, and of the
skill and fine workmanship exhibited Then
the editor moralizes to a good purpose, as
follows -
Having thus barely sketchel what we saw
on an afternoons visit to the New England
glass works, we were impressed while in
the roou where the materials for making
glass were severally in the crude state, as
we listened TO the process Of compounding
them--beginniDg with the Berkshire county
sand, as basis-with the fact that the
manufacturer must know how to mix these
in order to produce good glass. So with
man on Berkshire county farm for his ba-
sis-thought we--he must know how to com.
pound his materials in order to produce a
good crop Of corn, wheat, oats, barley, pota-
toes, grass, ETC.; and it is the want of
this knowledge on the farm which tho glass
maker possesses Of his art, that makes all
tue difference in tho results as seen in tho
sample room, whether of the glass works or
the farm. At the glass works, the sample
room presents TO the view Of the purchaser
or visitor, all the different kinds of goods
produced by the New England Glass Co.; SO
of the granary and barn Of the farmer
whether here or there, the visitor sees the
samples of his farm, such as his skill has
produced-ordinariy we regret to say,
greatly inferior in skill to those seen at the
glass factory The glass makers journey
from the first step to the last is made under
the guidance of practical Intelligence from
the crude material to the perfect wares.
Would that the same were true Of farm
ers But alas alas when a man is found
unfit to work in glass factory or anywhere
else where skilled labor is required, as der
nier resort he turns farmer, aud soon your
ears will hear the complaint that "larming
don't pay !" Is this at all stra nge? As
nothing else paid, why should it now be deem
ed strange that farming don't pay? 1t is no
less important for the boy designing to be
farmer to learn his trade, than, it he intend
to be glass-maker, machinist, or an artisan
of any other kind Farming is an art, and
must be learned to make it pay, which is no
less true Of this than Of every other kind of
business. We hear great deal about SCI
enti6c farming; but we are, nevertheless,
inclined to look upon practical farming as
an art rather than science.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16

We had the pleasure, July 7tb, of call
from our old neighbor and friend, Mr. Henry
M. Ames, now of Loomis' Ranch, Cimarron,
New Mexico, where he is engaged in WOO
growing on large scale. He has iu ranch
now some ten thousand sheep, including
2700 lambs, aud an interest in others lei
out, to make up about 10000 sheep. His
description of the people, climate, soil and
system Of handling sheep in that III Dorado
of wool growing is very interesting The
Mexican sheep yields fleece Of about one
and half pounds of something called wool
but which will not take dye more than SC
much brass wire. By crossing with merluos
or Cotswolds the former preferred, the staple
is ameliorated, if that word may be used, SC
that the wool sells in the dirt for 29 to 30
cents, the sheep yielding about one and a
half pounds twice year. One man takes
care Of two thousand sheep through the day,
and another in the night. The mercury fell
to IL below at the ranch last winter, aud
many sheep perished with cold. The Mex.
leans are absolutely obsequious and servie
as servants and treaeherous beyoRd the con.
ception Of Yankees. Still they make better
herders than the latter, and are employ ed
almost exclusively.
Wool growing is considered very pro6ta .
BILE there. We wish Mr.. Ames may make
his fortune and return at no distant day to
enjoy it with his family in Vermont.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
BREVITlES.

Owing to light rains in May, the hay
crop Of Connecticut, annually valued at
about $4,000, 900, will be only about two
thirds as large as that of last year; the
yield in the valleys is about as large as usu-
al, but falls of in the hill counties.
The corn and rich herdsgrass on the old
Hadley meadows, which three seasons ago
were an almost unbroken sea of tobacco,
tell their own story. The revolution is 50
complete that scarce a dozen acres in this
broad tract will be devoted to the weed.
Over $4,000 worth of thoroughbred
colts were sold at A. j. Alexander's Wood
burn farm near Lexington, KY, Wednesday,
one yearing going to M. IL. Sanford, of
New York, for $4,000, another to A. Com
mack for S3l00, and several others to va
rious buyers for $1,000 to $500.
The hay crop in New Hampshire especially
in the valley of the Connecticut river, which
usually amounts to $4,000 tons, worth
S7.000,000 or S8,000,000 will be much
smaller than usual, this year, owing to the
backwardness of the season.
Mr.. Wm. Horne, V. s., says in the Coun-
try Gentlemen, that in thirty years practice
as a veterinary surgeon he never has found
a single instance where any disease in q
horse could be traced TO bots as a cause.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
Night Soil.

Alexander Hyde says in the New York
Times
Liebig calculates that the soil and LIQUID
excrements of man amount on the average
to 546 pounds in year, and that these con-
tain l6.4l pounds Of nitrogen, or enough Of
this element to fertilize an acre. If this is
so, why should a man with family of FIVE
or six persons be inquiring where he can
obtain manure to enrich his garden spot
Both health aud economy demand that with
the daily deposit of the vault there should
be also liberal sprinkling of dry muck or
loan, certainly during the warm portion of
the year. If left to ferment and decompose,
much of the value as fertilizer is dissipa-
ted into thin air, breeding disease. If COW
cred daily with some absorbent--dry loan
is about as good as any-the gases are all
saved for the land and the air is not de6ed
1t will tend greatly to the health of the
family, and to system and economy Of labor,
if the deposit in the vault is made regularly
every morning after breakfast, and when the
bank has received the daily deposit let it be
the duty Of some one to lock up the treasure.
A sprinkling of plaster OF fine charcoal Is
often recommended for securing the rich
gasses, but we have found dry loan, or even
fine coal ashes, to be effectual for this pur.
pose. Thus treated, night-soil is no more Of
fenisve in its manipulation than common sta :
bic manure. Whatever absorbent is used
put it on literally. Night soil will bear
great reducing. Six or eight parts of loan
to one of night soil are better than less, and
the manure will be found full as rich as it i 5
safe to use.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
WHOLE NO. 24O.
Feeding Sour Milk.

Reading the remarks concerning feeding
sour milk, and its value &C., in late num-
Der of the FARMER, brought to mind an in
stance Of prosperous farmer in Connecticut
who is now dead, which may serve to add to
the testimony in favor Of feeding it to calves.
Mr.. e., the gentleman referred to, kept only
some half dozen cows, which brought him
calves annually, some of which were raised,
while others were fatted for the butcher.
The calves were allowed to take one or more
meals at the teat in order TO reduce the
cows udder, and then they were put in
pen, or tied out of sight of the COW, and
fed few days on new milk, tapering off by
adding skinned milk to the new, which was
diminished till only SKINNED milk was CIV
en- them, and this was changed from sweet
to sour and loppered, in the same gradual
way. His calves were always as good, if
not better, than those of his neighbors who
allowed their calves to draw their nourish-
ment from the COW, or fed them new milk
altogether. In my own experience in rais-
ing calves on the farm, | have found that
they seemed to do quite as well and even
gained in flesh faster on sour and loppered
milk, than if fed on new. After the calf
became accustomed to thick milk, it would
eat it as readily and eagerly as any calf
would new sweet milk.
nv. II. White in n Il. Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
Opening Hay.

1t is common custom among farmers to
wait until the dew is dried of in the morn
ing before opening the hay cocks. Wcnever
do, but throw them open as soon as we can
get to it. II any farmer doubts that the hay
will be dry earlier opened at six o'clock
while the ground is wet with dew than at
eight or nine, let him try it, open one row
six O'Clock, and when he goes out couple Of
hours later to open the rest, let that row be
turned over, and write to the FARMER whether
he gained or lost by the operation. Two
hours often saves tons of hay from being
spoiled by showers.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
Travelling Agriculturists.

The Commission del EnSeignmem Agri-
cote, in France, 10 its last report, recon-
mends the appointment of professors to trav-
el to and fro through the departments Of the
country, visiting the villages and farms, to
counsel the cultivators of the land upon the
best systems Of agriculture, live stock breed
ing, etc. The Commission thinks that such
travelling professors would do much more
good than the stationary ones in large towns
and cities. l think so, too, provided proper
professors were chosen, for an improper one
would do much more harm than good. As
the annual meetings Of the state agriculture
societies will soon take place all over our own
country, respectfully suggest their earnest
consideration Of the subject Of travelling
professors or secretaries, as they may please
to call them. The French Commission con-
siders agriculture the most important branch
Of human activity, and that it should occupy
the first place with every people.
GCor. Of N. Y. Tribune.
THE system recommended above is SINH
lar to that adopted by the Vermont Board
Of Agriculture, in going about the state hold
ing local meetings among, and in contact
with, the farmers. 1t is proving success
and is doing great good
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16
Sheep Raising in New England.

Rev, VIM. Gift, of Mystic Bridge, Conn,
says; Sheep raising for the supply of our
meat markets Is nquestionably one of the
most profitable branches of husbundry in this
state. There is large manufacturing aud
mercantile population to be fed, and the ac-
cess to these markets by rail is more easy
than in any other state. Connecticut has a
mile of railroad to every five square miles of
land, and one can count the towns on his
fingers that are not penetrated by the rail-
way. The price Of meats is very high and
every lamb or sheep farmer can raise and
fatten can be turned into money on short
notice. The sheep breeder is measuraby
guarded against loss by an efficient law,
which taxes every dog and provides fund
for the payment of such losses as occur from
dogs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-07-16

inter-dependent, police regulations are framed
to make thoir use equitable and peaceful.
Inasmuch as the quantity Of game touches
the question Of a nations food aud the values
Of landed property, the law regulates the
time for killing each kind of game, both Of
the varieties which are permanently douIi-
ciled and those which are migratory, as well
as the means Of capture. In addition TO
this, almost everywhere license is required
before a franchise can be exercised. In
some countries, the possession Of firearms is
prohibited, unless license has been OBJ
tanned.
The effect of these regulations Is that !:
!, Game is more plentiful than with us IN
equally populated districts. 2, 1t is cheap
er in the same conditions. 3, The land has
added to it, as compared with that in Amer.
lea, a very considerable value; the rental
being in many cases more than the killed
game would sell for. 4, For all this, the
average gunner kills his game at less actual
cost, all things considered, than in America.