The New York herald., 1875-09-25
The Eastern Question Solved by a
Monster Railway Scheme.
AN INDO-EUROPEAN HIGHWAY.
The Future Of Europe Conflict Between De-
mOcracy and Conservatism.
SMALL STATES AND STANDING ARMIES.


REV than Count Beust the ex-Chanceor Of the
Austrian Empire The peculiar advantages Of his posi-
non have enabled him to the Eastern question in
almost every of its complicated aspects He knows
he most hidden sentiments Of the Russian, German
and British Cabinets under successive changes OF adj
ninstration, and he is perhaps better able than any
Dther living politician 10 oresee how complicated qnes-
lions relating TO il be decided, should decision
be forced upon the great Powers any time within the
twenty years.
Count Beust appears to think that the commercial part
Dfthe question is the most serious at ISSUE and
that which Will ultimately prevail all the other
hVisions Of H.
He has very comprehensive scheme Of his own in
golying nothing than the establishment of unn-
Icrrupted line Of communication by railroad from the
British Channel to the Persian Gulf Count Beust pro-
poses to traverse France and Switzerland such di-
rection that bis line shall emerge point Lake
Constance running Austrian territory from Field
kirch, through the valley Of the rivers Save and
Drave to Nov, and thence 20 Sophia and Adrianople
70 Constantinople. From the Bosphorus he would
this line through the valley of the Euphrates,
terminating Bussorah, in the Persian Gulf The dis
nnce by this route from London TO Constantnople is
estimated about 600 miles the distance from the
Golden Horn to Bussorah nearly equals that mileage
At the of twenty-five miles hour, thus making
ample allowance lOr Lle journey nlBnt De
accomplished from London to Bussorah in about 100
hours. The voyage from Bussorah to Bombay com
prises about 500 miles which, with at the rate
6 twelve knots an hour would absorb $50 hours thus
making the total voyage from London TO Bombay in
about 2SO hours eleven days and sixteen hours
TURKEY A HIGHWAY
II will thus appear that Count Beust is much disposed
70 look upon Turkey part of a highway to India,
where interests much important to the future Of
he world about arise than any which have refer
to the internal government of the Turks He
thinks that Austria should be willing to sacrifice the
advantages now possessed by the transit route via
Vienna and Pesth, and it is understood that he
partly induced accept the Austrian Embassy in Lon
son in order to impress these opinions upon the
British Ministers. He says that from the
Seign Of Frederick the Great down to the
present period there has been evident desire
10 IMPEDE rapid transit through Continental Europe;
and TO keep roads in bad and impraccable position
has been hitherto considered among the eas of states
nanship He thinks that the projected road through
Eonstantinople and making the capital of the Turks
arge railway station for the promotion Of Indo
European highway embodies the only means of secur
ing the salvation of Austria consolidating her future
prosperity. He says that to Austria it question Of
immense importance-perhaps a question of her very
sxistence-to open road in that direction and to give
Z the utmost development
SOLUTION ATTAEABLE.
Count Beus is Of opinion that Independently Of fiscal
advantages the political importance which would there
by is Of value the greatness OF which
It would be difficult TO define and the Count draws a
plain inference the question of the Danuban
provinces with the Porte would be heard of
If his plan carried He considers that Russia
would then have further occasion TO look with
jealousy toward the sulna mouth, while Austria
be- an
Inland State if the high road to India
we're carried through her territory. Count
Beust has high opinion of the English rule
British India and he is convinced that it would be
materially benefited by large importation Of trade and
travel from Central Europe
Persons who are well acquainted with Count Beust
and who have had many opportunities OF conversing
with him up his judgment the Eastern ques-
lion the relations Of Turkey concerned with
Ihe great Powers much in the following terms The
Count has observed that hisory repeats itself" and
it is still uncertain whether Europe will again be
divided into small States whether the large States
will grow larger.
SMALL STATES WILL FALL TO PIECES
The ideas Of the party described las advanced iber
aS' IN Europe are evidently in favor Of small govern
ments, and the Commune IN France was virtually an
attempt administration similar 10 that OF
the old Republics Of Greece and Italy Marseles and
Lyons might have become another Athens and Sparta
or Venice and Milan. The results of such a
system are not unknown to history. The small com
munities unable defend themselves in time or
peril; they obliged to call in the aid Of mer-
Cenary troops, and they made laws and wars
against each other without end The personal rvares
and ealousies OF individual citizens produced the
arefu consequences. Trade and travel became difficult
and dangerous The public treasury insufficient
any unexpected demands upon it, and the small
States thus crippled after having passed under the
despotc authority OF dominant families such that Of
hedci and sforza finally fell prey to powerful
neghbors. Count Beust considers that something sim
liar might be expected the Christian provinces OF
Turkey should they succeed forming themselves into
free States The question at issue between con-
servatsm and republicanism Europe is whether such
republics shall be revived after the suppression OF the
Hanse towns and the smaller States Of Italy and Ger
many
STANDING
The result will depend on the possibility Of the main
Lenance Of large standing by the great Powers
and also upon the fidelity Of those armies to the govern
menis at present established In order to arrive al
any rational Judgment this subject it must be re
nembered that the principle Of universal military ser
vice which has come into fashion Of late years in
Europe has changed the soldier from whose sole
business IN life fighting into a citizen who has
many other occupations; and that soldiers
no moro belong TO separate caste.
In armies they are now mnstituted
rron motion IS slow, the gains Of military men small
Hnd .necrtain the Of public opinion will not
ALLOW ther profession being mad5 attractive by any
speca. nors and privileges. Where every man must
pass "a cars Of his lfe as a soldier few take NJ The
professicu y arms a career and moreover, army
ceases to a obedient and manageable machine to
become deliberatve assembly, whose opinions must
be consulted before can be led into action II par
takes Of the popular passions and preudices Of tho
moment and It Will act or remain supine in
any crisis, according TO the popular delusIons Of
the time The great Powers have all large armies,
and, as long as they can be maintained large
communities viii hold together But the want Of
hands for civil cmpoyments, and the high price Of