davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
BREVlTIES.

1t is estimated that 10000 bushels of
grain was raised in the town of Berkshire,
last season.
Ignatius Sargent of Brookline, Mass,
receives one dollar pound for his Jersey
butter, and it costs him a dollar and ninety
cents pound to make it.
The Holyoke 6shway which cost so much
is said to be failure. Shad come up to
the dam, passing the entrance to the 6shway,
and stop.
Mr. Wilson Pearson Of Salisbury, N. Y,
who raised last year, field of eleven acres
Of corn yielding 12S bushels to the acre,
claims that bushel can be raised TO the
acre, and he proposes to do it.
The following method is used in Germany
for the preservation Of wood Mix forty
parts chalk, fifty resin, four linseed oil, melt
ing them together in an iron pot then add
one part native oxide Of "copper" aud after
wards enc part of sulphuric acid. Apply
with brush. When dry, this varnish is as
hard as stone.
We must not says the Western Rural,
attach too great Importance TO non-essental
aud comparatively valueless peculiarities Of
poultry. Flesh Of good quality, eggs Of
good size and plentiful in number, early
maturity, COED size, hardness, good disposi-
tion--these are more important than the
celOr Of the feathers or legs, the size or shape
Of the comb or tail, or the number Of toes.
A full-blooded English setter Of Thomas
W. Lane of the United States postal car
service. while hunting at West RoxburY,
Mass, last week, brought to his master a
large pocketboOk, containing 1925 in cur
re1ey and some valuable papers, belonging
to Mr. Langley Of CambridgepOrt. The dog
now wears $50 silver collar as a reward
for his sAgaCity,
Mrs Mary Ahart of Laramie, COL, finding
herself left, six years ago, with no property
, Of any account except two cows and some
|. calves, took il into her head to go into the
n stock. raising business supporting herself
. aud her child by selling the milk OF the COW.
2 aud working for her nsighbors, she devoted
4 ali the spare cash she could get to buying
= calves. and now she has several hundred
. head Of cattle, q fine farm, and is wortt
about $4,000. Young woman, 60 West.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
WHOLE NO. 261.
Treatment Of shying Horses.

Shying generally arises from timidity, but
sometimes II is united with cunning, and in
duces the animal 10 assume q fear Of some
object for the sole purpose of finding an ex-
cuse for turning aside. The usual cause of
shying Is, doubtless, the presence Of some OBJ
ject to which the horse has not been accus-
toned, and If be has defective eyes, which
render him short-sighted IL will be difficult
to convince him Of the innocent nature Of the
novel object. There are endless peculiarities
in shying horses, some being dreadiully
alarmed by one kind Of object, which to
others is not at all formidable. The best
plan Of treatment which can be adopted, is
to take as little notice as possible of the shy
ing, and to be especially careful to show no
fear Of its recurrence when the "alarmiDg"
object appears in the distance. When tho
horse begins 10 show alarm, but not till then,
the driver should speak eucouragingly 10
him, and, if necessary, with a severe tone,
which may even be supported by the use Of the
whip if his onward progress cannot otherwise
be maintained.
The principle which should be carried
out, is 70 adopt such measures as will get
hhO hOASo w pass tu0 OOJSCb ~ WhlCu no
SHES, somehow or other, and this should be
effected with as little violence as possible,
always commanding in an encouraging tone
as soon as the purpose is gained. Nothing
has SO great a tendency to keep up the habit
as the plan so common among ignorant
grooms of chastising the shyer after he has
passed the object Of his alarm. II he can
be persuaded to 90 quietly up to it, and ex-
anime with his muzzle, as well as with his
eyes, great good will be effected, but thiscan
seldom be done with moving vehicles, and
heaps Of stones or piles Of sand are generally
only alarming from defective vision, SO that
each time they assume new phase to the
active imagination Of the timid animal.
Punishing-bits only make high-couraged
animal worse, and the use Of "overchecks"
rarely, if ever, proves beue6cial.-Wilkes'
SDi1 IL.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

by very eloquent address on the "Oppor-
tunities for Young Farmers" by Col Mead ;
after which j. G. Griggs Of West Rutland
read very interesting paper on tho "Culti-
walton of the Soil and the Mind" Mr.
Priugle then read new paper, illustrated
BY large drawings, on the Potato Disease.
This paper was scientific in character, very
exhaustive, like all Mr. Priugles work, and
showed him to be a worker fer the interests
Of agriculture as we'll as for science
In the afternoon, Mr. Clark Of the Rutland
Globe read his very thorough paper on the
"Water Power of the State," and John II,
Mead, young farmer of West Rutland,
read a paper on "SheeP BreediOg," which
showed him to be practical man, Us we'll
as a careful student. And John g. McKeen,
our South Acworth correspondent, read a
paper on "Poultry for Farmers" which, like
all his writings, was compact mass Of
practical hints aud suggestions, well stated
and entirely bare Of any approach to rhetOri-
cal sourisbes
The last session. Tuasa.v evspino was 90.
cupied bv Mr. smith of the board in an nd.
dress on the "C,epor,l Dairy Inter es,sn - in
which GOOD sense and praetical suggestions
varo enI;voDo1 bv tho Grsouan, vi,tv sallies
peculiar to the speaker, and BY President
Rnckb,m of ,ha state aor;cnltural oolleOe.
in nm eloouept address on the Farm Homes
of Vermont
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Connecticut Board of Agriculture.

A farmers convention is TO be held by
the Connecticut board OF agriculture at
Wiustead, December Is, 16 and II. The
following is the programme.
Wednesday December 10.
10'a. Enthusiastically T. s. Gold,
secretary Of. The board.
IL a. m.--Discussiou on Fences and
Fencing.-TO be opened BY j. NJ. Hubbard,
Middletown. -t
2p.m m.- A paper on common roads
Principles Involved in their Construction,
and Methods for their Improvemeut.-E. p
Augur, Middletown.
I p. m.-Lecture Farm Buildings and
their Location.-Hou Francis Gillette, Hart
ford.
Thursday, December 16,
10 a. m.-Lecture The Law Of Roads
aud Roundaries.-Simeon Il. Baldwin, New
Haven.
2p. m.-Lecture The Water Supply
and Drainage of Farm Houses and Build
ings, in their Sanitary Rolations.-PrOf W
II. Brewer, New Haven.
Z p. ma Paper on Fences and Di
vision Of Farm Lands s--Donald G.. Mitchell
New Haven.
Friday, December II.
l0a. m.-"Report Of the Committee OF
Agricultural Experiment Stations"
l9A Aa.-n.-Discussio a. on Roads'--To b
opened By the secretary.
Up. m.--Lecture, Farmers Homes auC
How to Use Tbem.--Hon Richard Goodman
Lennnx, Mass.
7 p. m,-Report Of P. NJ. Augur, Pomol
ogist OF the Board. To be followed by dis
cussiou on fruit culture.
The character of the meetings of the Con
necticdt board is always of very hig
order. The well-kn0wn ability of the speak
ers engaged is surety that the fine reputa
tion hitherto will be sustained, We wis
our brethren Of Connecticut success.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Cranberries in New Jersey.

According to the most careful estimates,
there are now about 5000 acres of bearing
cranberries, 5000 more planted and not
bearing, and something like 10000 acres of
"wild'' cranberry land in New Jersey or in
other words there are 1000 acres of oultl-
waited cranberries, and 10000 acres in the
wild state. With some careful figuring and
some guessing the crop of 1875 from all
sources. is put at 125,O0O bushels. These
will average the shippers about $3.50 a
bushel, or 1912, 500 for the whole crop. In
former years. during the winter months,
prices for sound berries usually ranged from
$3.50 to S. per bushel. The low prices
and the heavy losses in some of the bogs the
past year by the disease known as "scald,"
will reduce the profits very materially.
When this disease makes its appearance,
the berries become semi-transparent and are,
from the moment of attack, worthless for
market purpOses.--AmericGn Rural Home
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

bers we're two by four inches instead Of three
by four. These we're fitted together in pairs
by tackipg two or three pieces Of board across
their edges to keep them just four inches
apart, aud also for convenienoe in handling
them, and If tho bottom Of the ditch was soft
board or slab was put under them. Two
Of the drains, however, we're made by putting
together boards iu the shape Of an inverted
V, one six and the other five inches wide and
one and Oue-eighth inches thick A shin
board was placed at the bottom to prevent
them from settling 10, where the ground was
soft and enough gravel was put on to the
spouts to cover them. and the bitches filed
up. Some Of the piece still has many small
roots in it, so that it could not be ploWed
very smOOthly but as soon rs we can get il
smooth enough to suit us, We shall manure
and seed il to grass, believing this to be the
most profitable crop for the land.
We have put in l25 rods of underdrain
this fall at an expense. all told, Of about
sevcnty.6ve dollars. Next year, il what we
have done works well, we hope, Providence
permitting. to put in as much more and will
try to report progress to the FARMER.
Ii is claimed that tile are the best ma
terial for underdrains which is undoubtedly
the case, and they may be the cheapest when
made near enough 50 that transportation does
not cost too much, but other materials, such
as hemlook timber for instance, are cheap
and will last long time in wet land, and
that is where one will be most likely to put
them for this purpose. E.A. F.
Waitsfeld, Dec l, 1875.
[Our correspondent is right in the notion
that filling tber al too deep with stones
increases the probability of its filling up. If
there is foot Of earth below the point the
plow reaches, and brush, straw or some other
6brous substance below that, to serve as a
strAiner, the chance OF the drain remaining
in good order is far greater than if the depth
Of earth is less.
We shall expect a continuation of this
interesting account Of au agricultural enter
prise which gives promise Of making large
return. If farmers would more generally
take hold Of, and prosecute Improvements
which would develop the productive capacity
Of their farms, we should not hear so much
groaning and complaining that farming does
not payl
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
The OOlOring Of Naples.

In answer to question in regard 10 diff.
ferent varieties Of the red maple "a.
RabruSnl the editor of the Gardeners
Monthly speaks as follows:
The question Of the coloring Of autumn
leaves is one which is not satisfactorily
determined Some observations seem TO
show that il is due to some popularity of
the American atmosphere, but American
trees taken TO Europe, still color, while
European ones brought here color no more
than in their own country. Then some think
IL Is in some way related to bright light, aud
indeed If part Of leaf that has COM
menOsd to color be shaded, and part left
exposed, in the red maple, the exposed part
colors brightly, while the colored part is
quite pale; aud yet il we examine thicket
of red naples, we find perfectly sound and
healthy leaves, shaded by the others, yet
put on the most brilliant colors, while the
exposed ones are still green. So also por-
tions Of the leaf commence to turn red, with
out any reason so far as equal exposure TO
the light is concerned. The color COM
mences in spots, and these spread till tho
whole surface is tinted, just as fungi will
Nitou Stetb hOtn uutneIOu8 CcutcTbi Auu bOOu
all meet together.
A loss Of vital power seems in some way
connected with color: as, if branch be
ringed, or tree be partially barked, the
foliage changes color more rapidly, and is
deeper than in perfectly healthy trees. So,
also, trees in dry or poor places are more
brightly colored, as a rule, than trees in
cool, rich ground.
Aud yet there are red naples which never
turn red under any circumstances, but die
away yellow or brown, as Norway maple
does showing that the coloring is in q meas
ure from some constitutional pr nciple over
which external or purely chemical circum-
stances have no control.
1t is worthy Of remark that many NAPLES
in the spriUg have the flowers Of dun
brown, instead Of the crimson, and these are
the ones that have the paler autumn foliage
an additional fact to prove that there are
constitutionally darker forms than others
and we have no doubt that careful watch.
ing for, and grating from these, is worthy
OF the nurseryman's art.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

the breeders sold many. doubt IL one
tweatieth Of the cattle Of the state have a
drop Of Jersey blood in them, and Brother
HOLSTERS advice is premature until after
years OF trial as the stock OF common farmers
have mislsid the copy containing my
article, but believe did not admit their ft-
ness for the dairy in the language he uses,
abut think said admitted their good quail.
tiles. He has come TO tho front with new
revelation which will not only astonish
and surprise all old cattle breeders. but be
the means Of turning topsy-turvy all we'll
established ideas in reference to fatteninR
cattle. He says he is satisfied that they
keep easier and do better than the Durhami
or their grades; they will thrive and do we'll
where larger cattle would look as il they
we're on the north side Of the fence, etc
What a glorious and beautiful future il
awaiting the Jersey breeders He intimated
that the time has passed here 10 Vermont
for cold barns and poor care, judging from
the lumber of improved barns be meets with
10 travelling through the country. However
deplorable it may be, it is nevertheless true
that for one improved barn there is at least
an equal pumber Of sheds and novels so cold
that as winter passes the cattle within
them get more or less frozen. | con
cludO Brother Hollister is not = feeder fol
beef or il so Of somewhat limited experience
or he must know there is a vast difference
between the different breeds Of cattle, anG
even great difference between different in
dividual specimens Of the same breed, al
regards fattening qualities. st.-....-..
Speaking of fatteuing old cows after theil
usefulness for the dairy is past, the go.ahead
farmer will, he says, dispose of them before
they become useless. Now this is gooC
theory, but bad principle in practice and
suppose all farmers should practice that
customers would be scarce.
WILLIAM. s. TmORP.
Morristoion, ".
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Fattening Cattle in Massachuset IS.

The Springfield Republican has the fol-
lowing description of stock farm in Frank
lin county, Mass.
Franklin county has long been famous
for its fat cattle, but the iorty-seven head
now standing in the stables of George w.
Jones, at Deerheld, go little ahead Of any.
thing yet seen in the county, and are doubt.
less the finest lot Of cattle, for 80 large
lot, ever collected on one farm in this part
of the state. They arc all Durhams, the
heaviest yoke weighing 4,600, the next 4, 400
and the whole averaging over 4 900 per yoke.
They were mostly bought in Franklin and
Hampshire counties, iu September, and put
at once in their stalls, which they will not
leave until let out for slaughter. They are
fed eight quarts day each of meal and
bran, and all the hay they want; water is
supplied in their mangers in pipes. Those
now in stall will be taken to Boston about
Christmas, when Mr. Jones will "stock up"
for the winter, his usual supply being eighty
or ninety cattle, six or seven hundred sheep
and about dozen horses. last year, he cut
about three hundred and fifty tons Of hay,
all of which he fed out aud some seventy
6ye tons more. The cattle are kept in a
sub-basement Of the barn, which has to be
we'll ventilated during the winter, else it
would become Oppressvey warm from the
number of cattle confined there. The sheep
are kept on the floor above. Mr. Jones also
deals largely in cattle bought at the West,
brought East alive, aud slaughtered and
marketed in Franklin county and Boston
His business has grown SO large that he is
arranging to build large slaughter house
close by the "Blakely hollow" fill on the
tunnel line, where a switch track will be
built for his convenience. Mr. Jones putt
upon his own land, which lies along the
west bank of tho Connecticut for half a mile
all the manure from his stock, raising twelve
to fourteen acres Of heavy tobacco, every
year, for which he gets prices considerably
above that paid for tobacco grown by pateu
fertilizers. In fact, he is ono farmer wht
has found out how TO make farming pay.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
How often should Cows be MIXED. .

Regularity in the milking of COWS is of as
much Importance as regularity in feeding
them. ln state of nature, the COW is re.
ieved of its milk great many times day.
A calf allowed to remain with its mother
will help itself seven or eight times a day.
Under such circumstances the udder of the
COW will remain small, aud if allowed to
retain the milk secreted during the twelve
hours, feverish symptoms are likely to be
produced. The practice of milking cows
more than twice in twenty-four hours causes
the capacity of the udder to be greatly in-
creased, and probably helps in maintaining
the lacteal secretion long after pregnancy
has taken place. When, howevr, by an
artificial system, the COW has been enabled
to retain her milk without inconvenience for
twelve hours or so, she ought to. be MIXED
regularly every day at the same hour.
When the time for milking arrives, the udder
usually becomes distended to its utmost
capacity, aud if the milk is not speedily
removed, the animal suffers considerable
pain. Gases Of fever, the result Of allowing
animals to remain too long unmilked, are
indeed, by no means Of unfrequent occurrence
1t is especially necessary to attend to thil
point for some days after the animal ha'
brought forth its young, for during tia
period very little irritation of the lactea
organs is likely to bring on that most fata
of all maladies, fever. If milking be toe
long delayed, nature will try to help thu
poor animal. An absorption of milk into
the blood will, to some extent, take place
and that which remains in the udder viii
become deteriorated. When neglect t.
milk COW at the regular time is repeated
several times, the secretion of the fluid il
permanently checked; and there are many
cases where, by such neglect, an animal ha
become dry in less than month.-Irisj
Farmers Gazette.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Board Of Agrloulturs Meeting..

The Board of Agriculture has opened its
series of winter meetings which are to be
continued for two months.
Members of the board will be present at
all Of the meetings and read papers prepared
for the purpose, aud will be assisted by peo.
pie in the vicinity of the several meetings by
papers, addresses and discussions. The
board depend upon local talent, the farmers
and others in the vicinity, for help to make
the meetings Of practical value to the farm
ing community. Any person wishing or
willing TO read paper or speak upon any
topic related to agriculture in its broadest
sense, is invited to do so, and will be assigned
place on the programme on application
by letter or otherwise to Professor Seely at
Middlebury. That practical questions are
preferable is obvious. The results Of expe-
rience and observation in settling the numer-
Gus questions which arise upon the farm are
worth thousand times more than the most
ingenious theories.
The success which has attended the system
Of local meetings Is very gratifying The
great interest showed by farmers and Others
in the exercises indicates that the efforts OIL
the board are appreciated that its seed falls
on fertile soil-that the farmers are ready
to cooperate with all workers for the com
mon cause.
The most hopeful sign which can dawr
upon tho agricultural horizon is the evidences
that farmers cheerfully admit that there il
something more for them to learn and are
turning with iuquiriug eyes in every direc'
tion from which additions to their fund o
knowledge may come.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
For the VERMONT FARMER
Undertaking,

So much has been said upon this subject
within the last few years, that it eau hardly
be expected that Que with my limited expe-
rienee could add very much to il, but so
long as there are IN this state thousands Of
acres of land which are now almost worthless
but which might become its most productive
lands it may not be amiss for those who have
had any experience in the matter to give an
account Of it.
Along the base Of the bank where the
upland descends to the interval 10 our now
iug there are numerous springs, the water
from which used to settle down into the hol.
low below, causing "swals" some thirty or
forty rods long and in places several rods
wide. .Ha a-f. aH..#rE
Parts of this were 50 wet that tight boots
and long legged ones at that, were necessary
in order to cut the little grass that grew
there in, aud still have dry feet. As close to
this bank as convenient a ditch was dug
varying in depth from two to three feet. Ii
this were placed hemook scantliDgs, three
by four inches, aud about four inches apart
these we're covered with fat stones, littl'
hue brush or litter was put on and the dir
filled in.
This was done FIVE years ago, and since
then there has been constant discharge 0
water from this drain. Water sometime
shows itself in few places between the drai
aud the bank but man or team can 60 any
where upon the swsle, aud most of it ha
been plOWed aud reseeded to grass, of whic
it now produces abundant crops. A smA
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Cooking Food for Mich Cows.

With cooked food the grass period con-
tinues throughout the year. With this
system, Conducted in warm, well ventilated
period Of the winter, and afford as much
suckle to the lambs as in the summer. But
the crowning adoption of this system is for
the production Of milk.
The COW, during the period of Iactation,
requires soft, pultaceous food. Her milk is
eighty.seven per cent water, aud it is doing
violence to her nature to feed her on upon
dry hay. The best grasses which nature
furnishes to the COW contain from seventy
FIVE to eighty per cent water, and these rich
grasses are always found conducive to a
large flow of milk With this system we
can initiate her summer food, and in some
respects improve upon it.
Our pastures, after long period, become
deficient in some of the elements necessary
to supply all the wants of the system Of the
COW. The skillful feeder can supply these 10
better balance in the winter food, which
being reduced to soft, pulpy state, can be
as easily digested as grass, and will furnish
a more valuable flow Of milk in winter than
grass in summer. This has been so clearly
proved that Mr. Boies of Marengo, Ill.
has followed the winter feeding of cows for
some years, and regards it as more profit
able to allow his cows to 60 dry in the hot
months OF summer, and come IN during Sep
tember and October. He produces more
pounds Of milk during the year in this wa!
than when his cows come in in March anC
April.
The result depends simply upon skillfa
feeding. Our knowledge is now SO far ad
vanced in the chemistry of foods that we cal
determine correct ration for milk, and thi
ration may be better adapted to produc'
quantity and quality than ordinary pasture
Vermont has an enviAble celebrity for he
delicious butter, and she owes it to the grea
variety Of grasses produced upon her hill
aud mountain sides.-E. w. Stetoart, a
| VeTDont DalrUD1ea's Association