, 1875-01-24
Description Of the Method Of Making
Steel in Chicago.
Smoke Emitted by the Various Rolling
Mills.
Eaylor T. McGinness' understanding
Apparatus. =.
How It Operates -- Successful
When Tried
Iegfslation On The Smoke Question.

Before giving description Of tho examination |
M the rolling mills in Chicago, it is necessary to
full unde,staudin: OF the subject, to give some
account of tho process Of making iron and Be5se-
t1er steel rails. On arriving ut the works the
iron-ore is first broken into small pieces OF
moderately uniform size; it is then mixed with
the right proportions Of nuc and fuel and then
thrown into bla6t~1uIpaee to be amelted and
drawn OF into rough sand-unolda, tho resultant
product being known as "soEs and 'plss'
tho latter only being sent into market as " pig
iron'' The aux employed is generally limestone,
bat it varies both in amount and kind, &C.
oording to the composition OF the ore
AZ determined By anaiysis.--sone ores
being 60 intimately mixed with earthly insre-
dents - 10 require scarcely any fo1: they n1e
then termed :. self-duxlng ores" The object Of
4 flux il to bring the melting point Of the iron
down to point considerably below that at which
pure iron mel1s, and also By combining with the
earthly metallic and other impurities IN tho ore
to form Stag thesewith, which floats On the
surface Of the iron, snd protects it from injury
BY being ove1hoatpd, OF, technically, "beng
burnt"
the,. is the first merchantablo product OF iron,
s,,d is classified and sold according to the brands
CT the makers by which it ia produced (each
maker es rule running contlnucusly On one
k1nd or nlxluro Of ore), OF according to the pur-
poses fer which it il intended to be used, tas
F34neliai sAt!ee.oo -s,ea ~ sonvers;on
into Beszeaer steel ia called Dessen,er p'g-metsl
cui belongs to the gray variety, having 4cea
proportion Of carbon than the Z hlte metal
Ii the pis-1netal il not sent into nna1ket' but
retained for further manufacture, tho next step
i; ,t},o ia Ia into
~Rooonr a..e on aALt-.1n. daa,i1,+. snS ranera,
ny which It's tenaet:, oocius w. a1 ~ :. sar
Strength are gleaAs II.oaous s.; aao r.,.,.It or
I'd na1eabse or caEap1e % @ ne.us d"s maIs 49,, ~
worried INTO any 1oTms o1 sn1pss nao. ~ ~ 1. -,
eTs; &C. 1n.s Is ~ whsre t IL
G:sduaty redocco oy !dsel .-s;.sS ~ 1,
lame from mrs WHICH, etlih1ns 1Ea.nes s 1ae ~
roof Of tho furnace reFefoora!es or ~, w
to the mass OF meial ayins ~ tue fn,.
aace Is tnen euooenly nelsao sast .; ta;ca, ,s,,.
e1tcugah OF p1ass ~ .,o ,;o';a rn.as, =. soon
pct*tu1e me eA1oon ~ ,,a .,,.s -ora,;n;n@;
entirely nnfnt oat! .ne nHuu a'e ~ @ra,rt
~ hanIae e!Hs, w. r11 ~. ;~a, ao.t;nc l., The
maieao4e, of piaee@ay pa.S s..ag .o.,haS ~ 49,
fnlasG. tnese lEnps @o sn;c;sn'ix .o6ifad
rudd1er ano, - eoou - enn.,s5 .. ~. Ta1,e
tney afs tanoeo o"' " LILO 'o'"~>@' 49, ~'~
o1
,aner'a- ~ ,coecxer IN h.
t2sen to the ssesrn-hamme. OF e4uce@e, ~ bs b
wen natnnaereu " 10 1,a nrocaaa
tsome nanu1astule'o sa..a5 ~ fa - fron,
and some ,he o1hef, "nlcn se, st;11 ~ contanci
1nost W tAs ~. e'nS " 1.t o,ar@it~ ra.curaa
"4ta1n u. Ine Eoen1' 'a-a "H. - row Il tn -
!Eotn 70 anahes SITUATE 4t'.a'..eh 90. ~
4 anehes 1oog; - tneu p4t .rsa-s,tv re3,ced
IL c:.ca fo'is, ns "n1en ~ 10 f. sha,3+ ;1o1,ss
y1nlo 'oos. 10. nat' ne n,-, 90. 6na hro1,3s
1hlh muck oat 1s ~ u iamta - - eesa. i -
Hs1Aets; pol ~ .Io ser. 3,rn r. fon~ t;noea
1ene31eo -oG oAAeo ars,;tv ~ a-a5a ~
cscr sccosalne ,;rnS ~ .n1 ;,;tn :. s.1arcb.nt h.ra
nn!snea piuuuoe ear ~ ~ an,,araa nonnds data
Aao"o H. ene nstac. - eeaoted r, W1,st sre
esc. 1oe .,.:s tensaans ,..,snes msr3 tho han nre
no"n ae tenea1ns iu1naeeS 1uu ,' snta ~
pfodncea py neiug passea raa-sd .ar. 81 +tsr enr.
trslns oi tola" ~, ".isn Ia.;raa ~ tnrns
1aece ~ p4oouo' NA1 Inos n.us
lhua nHn.' -! ,,r.o;.e1v n. a.,r.
1o1 ts1oaas A.e ~ 1 -apa, =. +b.g ;.t,.J of
way as mefcna1t oals, cA.cpt Ia. 3,s.e5 ~
hlngle nuGkoaa ;s. a osanaoG os no tHa fn;shed
Anroueu lne Iolis ~nu shso ~ :. 1shs - ~ ~,
Floous~ ..be. ~ ~, = - Mia n a,1nost aouara
- s.aa ounno 1.s ~r;ra ia top and hottnm eiats
~ ses9n be.+"n e,.1;,v tl,sn tha centre ~ tho
pentS y. 81 .a;1 3ruat ~ ~ s11onrer a,,d
nesu anu ~ " - 80. aaa.,aI 1or,,,n Tn;a MIA
oe..e. noa .nsp uraah ~" - ro11s h.ino heated
~ taeu paaseo .p 10 -sssa ~ ooo-1'no ~ 70.
once u I"1ee oa'.n6 ~ t'Hsea ,a,.o. s;r;s1td
Qui1etneHo~ ano esen.o'' ~. ~, c;-H,,a- s,as
.au, 1ne enus oo'nS ss~ars1 a. taes ;n lencti,
tans leAsns tha .au ;'na 4,;rcna,, ~ rsTnns
hasans ~" M .s.ssa f-a-, - ~ ms1aTai
processes y. .a, ~ t;nhsst ar.da ~ fmshed
70 the cast metal ano n.sntS, a1arrs ars
proaus. ~ tio ~a4as. ~ 1Ae~'>'' -" A~1N~1
~" 1o'A"3o'o - as s,.r ~ .ue ~ >,.c1nvpv
t!AHh - ~ ~ 1Tnso1,+ on.,-o+;ona vnan.
et Ieqn1rea & ,oi ~ ;no hissre,,n.ces renn;re
.7orfu, ~, of cnpines to nroyide the strong
IaL o. m ~ I'o~n w. 'o ,t.'p,c;1a fnrn.ces tbe
pressure n ,,;"h sJm *. ~ n nn,,nds ner sonaIe
pressure !s a. nlgn ~ ~ ~ p f1a,, arpnioyod IN
inca! n'su, ens!aea 49, ~ fr.a, ~ ~ CHARGED
ho'st ~ toe oie. 1a1, ~ and au' thc.a enr;oss
lneo eue wy -. no 1890 fr,-, ord;nsrv s2e,m,
OF eoueao; .e4u1fe s'e1m u1u a.; :. - ,nnJa.n
E,a1etn. s2s.4.aJ 49, ~ si.eost s1v,rs heate1 in
LOU uA4o4sI.a.oo1 9 1,eN. ;.+o ~ F,rn.c. and
t 1ssns oeaote . ~ sos-.1iv hs.ta5 h1 thn Tas:e
saese ovens ~, ase ssut hn, ut .lwars
eas.:s troa .ne .,,,,;.ant .soa ;s mt ronerated
riae ~ 49,. .n,1 IN ate.n,-ho;ler. Tor
20 20 nent o. 10 o'941 - ~ nnIdne.fn furnaces the
.e ~ 10y " aar,; ;rdnrad bT {.1l chimney
"..si. ~ - = r."r csses Hi. Il s,nnleIncnted
III oa1 - hnma4 run5 ,T1''ch ives pressurs
etn1I ~ ~ ouoer uornas acr eanra inch.~neyer
o,ora than r. i' 1.tta9. The ftames and heat Of
.aon a. nrnGnced bv dro built
0t0 EAo0A-c -