davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1875-12-04
County orders are at par.
lola is TO have 3 foundry.

County orders are at par.
lola is TO have foundry.
Cheap furniture at Northrup's.
We have had some delightful wealth
er this week.
Last Saturday was a real busy day
with our merchants.
Court adjourned yesterday until
next Tuesday morning.
B. d. Alien, proprietor of the Le-
land, has new buggy.
The n. E. Sunday school are arrang-
ing for Christmas Tree.
There is splendid opening in our
town for saddler's shop.
Quite q number of loads of hay
brought to town this week.
There has been a large amount Of
corn brought to town this week.
Centennial tea parties are becoming
quite popular throughout the country.
Apple has q lot Of picture frames
and chromos suitable for holiday pres
ents.
Call at Scott's grocery and dry
goods store and get sack of that cheap
-four.
The Board of County Commission
ers will meet at the court house next
Friday.
Corn CATERERS had to jump around
pretty lively last Monday morning if
they kept warm.
The hog cholera has never been
known in this county, but the hogs are
beginning to die.
Not SO many spectators attend court
as formerly. Most persons have employ
ment nowadays.
-Nnw ia n uood time IN nov vour
The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1875-12-04

.pired term:
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
COURT CALENDAR-THIs DAY.

SUPREME CoURr-CHAMRKRs-Hed by Judge Dono-
12l, l22, l25 1876 1885, l37, 146 199, 2I9, 229, 23o
237, 23s 249, 256 262 263, 264 26s, 271, 273, 274
SUPREME CoURT-CIRcUIT-Part 2-Hed by Judge
Westbrook-Same calendar was published ycster-
day
CouRr GENERAL SEssToNs-Hed by Recorder
Hackett-Tbe People Thomas Mosley and James
Thompson, burglary; Same Andrew Smith and
James Maddcgan, burglary; Same vs. Alexander Wells,
Mortimer Grady and John Knoet. burglary; Same VS..
William Daily and Martin Brennan, mayhem; Same VS..
George Steiner felonous assault and battery Same
William Burnett, felonious assault and battery; Same
William Harrison, mayhem; Same Patrick
Gleason aud Patrick Sullivan, grand larceny; Same
John Hin, grand larceny; Same VS.. Ernest Bernard
grand larceny Same VS. John Tadmela grand larceny
Same VS. John Shann.han and John Sullivan. grand
larceny; Same Lizzie Dunn, grand larceny; Same
William +. Ogden grand larceny Same vs. Mary
Am Foley, grand larceny; Same Thomas McCor-
mack grand larceny; Same Charles Allen, forgery
Same VS.. John Quinn, violating election laws; Same
Nathan Mouton, violating election laws; same
Matthew o'Brien, violating election laws Same VS..
Patrick Crowley, violating election laws.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
DIED..

AyDEEsoS.-On Monday November %, OF bronchitis,
JoHS HENRY, infant son Of William J. and Minnie j.
Anderson.
Funeral on Wednesday December !, at two O'Clock p
NJ from tho residence OF his parents, 2l9 Harrison
street, Brooklyn Friends OF the family invited to
attend.
ARCHER tho 27th inst FLoREscE MAY, youngest
child OF Washington and Margaret T. Archer
Funeral services al twelve NJ. this day, from 256
West Twelfth street Remains taken TO Woodlawn.
BAILEY.-On Monday morning, November 20, 1873
the residence of her son.nlaw In Morrisania, Mrs.
HANNAH T.. BAILEY, aged 81 years
Relatives and friends respectfully invited to at
tend her funeral from tho Methodist Episcopal church,
at GoIdcn's Bridge, Wednesday, December |, at
twelve O'Clock Remains will be taken TO Somcrs,
~ ", for intcrment 1905 A. NJ. train, Grand Central
depot
aged ~ -
The remains were inferred in Greenwood Cemetery
Booru-In Kingston, Ulster county, on the 10Th
inst ANN wife OF Thomas Booth and daughter OF the
late John Kcarney, OF Saugertes, ~ r., In the 5oth
year Of her age
bcr 20 BETsY AM, wife OF Isaac Brccse.
Funeral service TO be held at the Reformed church,
Wednesday December l, at one 7. NJ. Relatives and
friends respectfully invited to attend without fur-
BRIGGs.- Fordham, n. ", November 2s, 1875
Mrs ELIZABETH BRIGGS, daughter Of Alfred Anderson,
OF YonkcTs ~ Y. in her 45th year.
The funeral will take place from the Reformed
church. al Fordham, Wednesday, December /, 1875, at
two O'Clock.
CAsEY-At Fort Larncd Kan, November 26, 1875,
ADELIA THORNTON, wife Of Captain James ). Casey,
United States Army and daughter OF tho late General
w A. Thornton, United States Army.
CoDDNGroN oN--On Sunday. 2sth inst, MARTHA A.,
The New York herald., 1875-11-30

fishing their line OF steamers according TO the con-
structon claimed but they might embrace In the exer-
else OF their powers every port IN the known world
say that such power be exercised under the
meagre language used in the charter would be 10 st
tify the Legislature which granted the charter NO
such instance prohgac legislation can be found IN
the history Of our Legislature II Will be seen thas
there evidence that the corporation lntenueu 70
exercise any such power by the title which " assumed
the time Of its creation. II was constituted Douy
pany y III at the time, II had been contemplated
to establish line OF steamers involving capital of ten
times which necessary TO construct railroad
II was presume that the title would have ind
Gated IL, and that II would have been called ''The
Panama Railroad and Steam Navigation Company, y or
something OF that character IL cannot be denied but
that the main object OF the grant to construct
railroad the Isthmus OF Panama and that the
right pu rchase and navigate steam sailing vessels
might be proper and convenient 10 be used in
nection with the road, was merely incidental to that
grant This, under the circumstances, he claimed
giving natural and reasonable construction the Ian
guage used which, under the circumstances should
vail The peculiar language OF the grant will be found
strictly in harmony with the construction here given
10 the charter. He reviewed the charter at length
and then gave somewhat detailed history OF the legis
lation OF this State in the creation OF corporations for
navigating the ocean constructing railroads, showing
that they have been studiously careful to define with
as much particularly was possible the privileges and
powers which such corporations were 10 enjoy and
exercise. He then discussed the law as applicable to
the case, citing various decisions.
ExJudge Shipman made the concluding argument
He insisted that the suit not brought in good faith
that the plaintiff did not come into court with clean
hands, and that It altogether probable that his
shares bought for the purpose OF bringing SUIT
He contended that the question wholly of
struction OF the company's charter.
At the conclusion OF the argument Judge Donohue
took the papers, reserving HIS decision
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
NEW YORK HERALD TUESDAY

forming the firm OF w. J. Sloane carpet dealers. and
Jay Gould Walter B. Palmer Charles J. Osborn, II. H.
Martin John f. Cole, C. W. Josyn, John B. Morris,
George W. Bentley Ashbel Green, Benjamin William.
son, Robert +. Stockton, Warren Leland and John
Tory Jr as defendants jay Gould the President
the New Jersey Southern Railroad Company ana ms
codeendants It's directors The complaint charges that
in June 1873. while Gould such director
and his codefendans such directors Gould purchased
or the railroad company carpets 70 the value
OF 81 ST7 49, for which the plaintiffs have never been
owner the East End Hotel Long Branch and used
the CARPETS TO furnish IT, and that such hotel was con-
Quoted for his benefit and he received the proceeds
The railroad company having become insolvent SO lar
plaintiffs have been able to discover they now seek
10 hold Could and his associates personally liable ON
officers OF the company in making such purchase on
the company's account and that IN representing 70
plaintiffs that they had such authority, they were
guilty OF fraud Misrepresentation and deceit toward
plaintiffs ON this point tho complaint charges that
the authority of the officers to bind the company was
limited 10 such buildings, engines, appur-
tenances, &c, necessary for tho purposes
OF the road OF transportation for passengers
and freight that the hotel in question was not neces-
sary for such purpose, as II was half mile from any
depot on the road, and quarter Of mile from any
point OF the road itself by direct line. Claiming,
tho company without authority and used the property
purchased for his own private emolumcnt and that he
conspred with the other defendants in contracting the
debt the plaintiffs ask judgment against each and all
of them for the amount OF their claim.
Could in his answer, claims that he had authority to
merely held the legal title the East End Hotel sub
ject TO equitable lien behalf OF the company, and
tho legal title covered the real estate only and
the personal property in the hotel
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
SUMMARY OF LAW CASES.

Under a misapprchension that Mr.. o'Conor was dead
as reported, the General Term OF the Marine Court,
held by Judges Joachimsen and Gross, adjourned
mark OF respect to the memory of the supposed do
ceased advocate
Freeman D. Marcwaed has brought a suit for S., 900
damages against the Oceanic Steamship Navigation
Company for losses alleged have been sustained at
the wreck of the Atlantic in April, 1873 The trial OF
the case began yesterday before Judge wesbrook hold
ing Supreme Court, Circuit
Judge Donohue, in a decision given yesterday, held
that Mr. William Watts Sherman, of the firm Of Dun
can Sherman Co., in an examination in supplement
ary proceedings, not obliged to questions
to the affairs Of the company previous to their assign
ment
suit was commenced yesterday in the United
States District Court before Judge Batchford by the
government against Henry RUSSELL late Assistant Pay
master In the United States Navy, and his sureties
Alexander H. Wallis and George Russell, bond of
$5 OO0 TO recover q balance OF ST. 1888 13 claimed by
tho government on the final settlement OF his accounts
From the testimony appeared that the discrepancy
had resulted from clerical error or payments made by
Russell in the of his duty and which were not
allowed by tbe Navy Department There has been no
charge made OF criminallty.
The dispute as 10 the custody OF Willie Tempeton
was supposed have been definitely settled by the
order OF Judge Donohue directing that the child
remain in the care OF Colonel William Templeton, his
grandfather. Application was, however made on be-
half OF Mrs Ida Maud Hamilton, the mother for a
modification OF the order, in respect to allowing him TO
remain with his grandfather This Judge Donohue
yesterday refused do and the probability is that this
will end all further proceedings in the matter
Miss Kate Bateman, the actress, has commenced
suit against Augustin DAILY OF the Fifth Avenue The
atre, which promises judicial adjudication Of the
question whether the drama 'The New Leah" Is re-
hash or reproduction OF 'Leah, the Forsakcn." She
claims that this is the case and having she alleges
purchased tho latter DRAMA she insists that The Now
Leahn is infringement upon her property. There
to have been argument in the matter yesterday,
In Supreme Court, Chambers, before Judge Donohue,
upon an application for an injunction restraining the
further playing OF 'The New Leah" at the Fifth Ave-
nue. Theatre, but Miss Clara Norris who is for
the titlo role Is sick and the production Of the pav
postponed on that account the argument was ad-
journed till next Monday.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
POLICE COURT NOTES.

AT the Tombs Police Court yesterday, before Justice
Flammer, Matthew Ryan, Of No. 81 Cherry street, q
laborer, held 10 answer, complaint OF Michael
Ryan, charge OF stealing, from the
person of the latter silver watch of the value of $22
The property recovered.
Mary Miller and Fanny Grant both held to
at the Tomos yesterday a charge OF robbing
old man, named Benjamin Kupper, of No AZ
Barclay street. of $120 The alleged robbery occurred
in a saloon IN Chatham street. where the complainant
and tho prisoners had been drinking together.
Sergeant Haggcrty, of the Sixth precinct yesterday
arrested in Baxter street, John Corrigan and James
Devln. The last named person had in his possession
box OF gimp, for which he could give satisfactory
account Both locked up in the station house to
await an owner
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
DECISIONS.
SUPREME CoURT-CHAMBER
Ru IndnA IaMrancn

SUPREME CoURT-CHAMBERS.
BY Judge Lawrence
Kampen VS.. Kampen n-Ordcr granted referring back
Hin VS. baldwin, shall do nothing in this matter
| until the bond is submitted. Memorandum.
BY Judge Barrett.
The People, &c, vs. Charles Weston, alias Charles
| Werner; The People VS.. William Thompson and an
BY Judge Donohue.
| Hoffman, VS.. Honman-Identity OF the defendant
FIRST National Bank OF Morristown VS. Tallmadgc-
Motion denied without costs
Gibbons Hall James VS. Green; Allen w. Gauch !;
Colby Amer; Hellner vs. Hellncr; Matter OF tho
Germana, &c, Works. DAILY VS.. Jacob; Matter of Car
man; Carpenter vs. Carpenter Kidder VS. Sanchez;
Lockwood VS. Chaplin, and Martinez VS.. Fernandez -
Granted
Tytlcr VS. The Mayor, &c. Rcichert vs. The Accum.
Trust Association.-Dened
Gormley vs. Long; Myers VS.. O'Brcn; Yelverton VS..
The Mayor &c. Tone The Mayor &c. McCahill
VS.. Donnel; Davies vs. The Mayor, &c-Denicd.
Mcmorandums.
Bliss VS. shewan; Kip Va. o'Re,ily; Amerman VS..
Bartow Smith VS. Reynolds.-Motons denied
McCahill VS. Donnell Colegrove W.. The Mayor &C.
Motions denied. Mcmorandums
Morris VS. Dettit-Must he referred to state facts.
Goodrich Goodrich.-Whois the Attorney There
Is on tho summons and another on these papers.
Gleistcin vs. Lambert; Tuthill We. Omberson.-Memo-
randums.
Owens VS. Pickert-Security rejected; papers re-
turned to plaintiffs attorney. Memorandum.
Buess vs. Koch.-Granted. Memorandum.
Pauldng>vs sWs-Memorandum.
Bush VS.. Schwartz; Roebing VS.. duncan; Matter OF
Templeton Opinions
Chamberlin vs. Bissicks.-Sgncd.
SUPERIOR CoURT-sPECIAL TERM.
BY Judge Freedman.
Tying Marsh ct al Motion for further hearing de-
sired and allowance OF two per cent granted TO defend
ants.
Bertrand vs. CarL-Motion granted with $40 costs
Mathews VS.. Drscoli ct al-Motion denied with $40
costs.
Regner Regncr-Judgment set aside with $40
costs. Memorandum.
Cochran ct al VS.. Hanover Mutual Bank.-Motion
denied with $40 costs.
Goldberger VS.. Levison.-Memorandum.
Manuel J. dc Costa Luna Viana VS.. BENJAMIN J.
weinberg-Motion to set aside execution denied with
out costs Opinion.
Matter OF Howe ct al Referees report confirmed
BY Judge Sedgwck
Bipham VS.. Kely.-Findngs settled and filed.
BY Chief Justice MoneL
Vermilye ct el VS.. Dioesy-Case settled and ordered
on hle.
BY Judge Curtis
Falk ct al vs. Klein.-Compaint dismissed. Opinion
COMMON PLEAs-sPECIAL TENN.
By Judge Larremore.
Matter OF fScner-Should have notice OF this appli-
cation.
Ward VS.. Norton.-Motion denied, with costs.
Matter OF Dressinger. see counsel
Coffin Jascr-Refcrence ordered.
Matter of Bemak &c.-Ordered to file his account
Webs neutrality-suspicious. granted
Ncwfalhr VS.. neutrality-suspicious. granted
Matter OF Rhinelandcr. Motion granted
Matter OF Shunders. Motion granted.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
A POLICE OUTRAGE.

Officer James Reilly, Of the Fourteenth precinct
arrested catharine Bell in Spring street Sunday night
as a disorderly person. II appears that she going
through that and insulted by several loars
Unfortunately she replied TO them, and the officer
arrested her merely because shc had drawn around
her a crowd by repelling their insults. At the Tombs
Police Court the officer enough against her TO
warrant the Judge in holding her In $500 10 keep the
peace for six months and to stand committed until
that amount OF bail furnished. Judge Fammcr
was subsequently informed OF the woman rcspccta-
bility and unjust arrest and her discharge from
tody was ordered.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
COURT OF APPEALS.

ALBANY, NOV. q, ISIa
No CO. Philip H. Justice, appellant VS.. William B.
Lang ct al, respondent Argued by Samuel Hand OF
counsel for appellant, and by Oscar smcdbery for
spondent
No 81. Charles O Berlander ct al, respondents, vs.
Caspar Spess ct al appellants-Argued by Stephen H.
oln OF counsel for appellants, aud by Henry d. Bea-
man for respondents.
No 63. Henry McGrath, appellant, The New York
Central and Hudson River Railroad Company respond
ents-Argued by AmasaJ Parker, of counsel for appel
lants and by Samuel Hand for respondents. Case
still on.
The following is the day calendar for Tuesday, No
vember 3O:-Nos. IS, 161s 49, 10, 81, 80, sos, 81.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
In the afternoon he pleaded guilty and was fully com
mitted 10 answer
ESSEX MARKET POLICE COURT.
Before Judge Otterbourg
SHOT At A WEDDING,

Before Judge Otterbourg.
SHOT AT A WEDDING.
The usual festivities attending wedding seri-
ousy cut short on Sunday evening at No. III At
'ofney street couple or young people had joined
'neir hands In holy matrimony and soon after
pistol shot IA the room startled every BODY II
then ascertaned that Of the guests Renhardt Oel
mann, OF NO lI2 Attorney street in the excitement or
the moment mad drawn revolver and jokingy said he
would give the bride a salute. The revolver went on
ana Dali odgeu In the shoulders OF Joseph Wiskoa or
NO III Attorney street, causing painful wound Del
mann was arrested and held by Judge Oterbourg yes
terday to await the result of wiskoas wounds In the
afternoon certificate by police surgeon was handed
TO Justice Oterbourg showing the wound was not
dangerous
STABBING AFFRAY.
Joseph Morris mo. 13 Forsyth street. bootblack.
stabbed Christian Als, on Sunday evening, during
quarrel in Forsyth street. Als yesterday was sent 10
the House of Detention witness, while Norris who
pleaded guilty, was held for trial.
GRAND LARCENY.
Joseph wenze and Gustave Burgh, ofNo 52s Fifth
street. were held in ST. 900 each for trial for stealing
money and jcwery valued at $45, from Henrietta
Reetz OF No. 535 Sixth street.
AN OLD SHOOTING AFFRAY
On the 18th OF July Otto Hoffman, OF No. l4o Essex
street. shot in the eyo by John Hecht The latter
made his escape At the time and Hoffman combined
TO the hospital for some weeks. Yesterday Hoffman
recognized Hecht walking through the streets OF th'
Tenth ward and called officer Hill, who made til,
arrest Judge Oterbourg committed him for examina
tion.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.
MARRIED.

CLARK-BusssIn-On the 10th OF November 1874
O. REED CLARK, OF Ohio, 70 SgSEr BUssELI, OF New
York city.
GUSTHER-vAS vALKENBURGH-- Wednesday, No
vcmber a. the residence Of the BRIDES father by
Row George Zabriskie Gray, OF Bergen Point CHARLES
b. GUSTnER to HENRIETTA VAN yALKESBURGH, both OF
this city.
sEcoa-HusrKp. Thursday, November is, 1875, at
the residence of the BRIDES mother. Mrs. A. w.
Hustled, Greenwich, Conn, by the Rev. Charles H.
Treat 7. +. SEcoR OF New York, to SARAH ~ Hustled,
OF Creenw wich, Conn. No cards.
wELLKs-ALroRD.- On Thursday, November Is, at
the residence OF the BRIDES parents, FREDERICK r.
WELLEs OF Brooklyn, to MARY, daughter OF Samuel
Afford Jr OF PerKnsve, VI. No cards
YouSG-HARRIs. Wednesday, November "a, by
Rev. j. b. Mcrwin, ID. d.. GEORGE MAwBKY YouNG 10
MARY AGNES HARRIS, both OF the city or New York.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
THE BLAcKwELL's ISLAND MURDER

Coroner woltman empanellcd jury yesterday at No.
312 East Thirty street. in the OF tho death
OF Matthew Creery, the gatekceper on Backwcll's
Island, who was murdered on last Friday The body OF
the deceased removed TO the residence OF his
Thirty fourth street. and the funeral will take place
o.day. The Coroner after the jury had viewed the
body adjourned the inquest TO this afternoon.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
FIFTY-SEyENTH STREET COURT.
Before Judge Dufry.
HEAVY SNEAK THIEF ROBBERY.

HEAVY SNKAK THIEF ROBBEKY
Two sneak thieves obtained to the residence
OF Sydney Dillon, No West Thirty-seventh street,
yesterday morning. by inquring for some person who,
they said lived in the house. They stole 1924 worth
sverware and were in the act OF leaving dis
covered by members Of the family. An alarm
raised, which attracted tho attention OF a mounted
officer who arrested Of the thieves, who gave his
name Theodore Kelly The other escaped with most
of the property, only $50 worth having been found in
Keys possession. He was held for trial without bail
The other thief is too we'll known to permit Of his
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
COURT OF GENERAL SESSIONS.
Before Recorder Hackctt

AN ALLEGED HIGHWAY RoBBER ACQUITTED.
The greater part Of the session OF this yeser
day occupied in the trial OF alleged case OF high
way robbery which ended in acquitial The COM
painant was Conrad Hansen OF No l32 Third street,
who stated that while he was passing along avenue
on election day he encountered a group or mon in
front OF No 2S; that ono OF thcm, named Henry
Reicklc, knocked him down, and another. whom he
could not identify but believed to be the then
trial, Bernard Isaacs took away his watch. number
OF witnesses were called and their evidence was very
conflicting ExJudgo Curtis defended the prisoner
and, In summing up, made an address Of unusual
length, which evidently had great effect with the Jury
for, after dcbcrating hour they returned verdict
OF ''Not guilty"
STEALING COPPER PLATES.
boy named Frank House pleaded guilty 70 stealing
a number OF copper plates from John EverdeIrs Sons
and was sent TO the Catholic Protectory.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
WASHINGTON PLACE POLICE COURT.
Before Judge Kilbrcth-


STEALING SOAP
William Mowatt was arraigned yesterday for stealing
a box OF soap from George H. Cannon, No 27s Tenth
avenue. Tho accused was held in $500 to answer
THE LIQUOR DEALERS.
Fifteen persons wero arrsgned yesterday for viola
ton ofthe Sunday Liquor law Each gave 500 bail to
sNATcHING PoCKETBooK.
As Mrs. Martha 9. 7. Hill resident OF Connecticut
was walking down Eighth avenue yesterday John
Kelch, alias Punch Kelch, snatched her pockctbook
containing S12, from her hand and ran away Oicer
Murch Of the Twentieth precinct, witnessed tho
theft and gave chase, succeeding In arrcsting Kelch.
The New York herald., 1875-11-30
JAY GOULD AS A HOTEL KEEPER

suit has been commenced in the Supreme Court in
this city by Mr Edmund Coffin, Jr, behalf Of viii
liam sloane and Others the price Of the
pets Of the East End Hotel at Long Branch from Jay
Gould ana others The suit Is on the calendar for
trial, and the plcadngs show as plaintiffs William
Sloane, John sloane, William D. sloane, John Mitchell,
Walter W. Law. Henry I. sloane and Thomas q Sloane,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1875-05-03
THE- GAZETTE.
MONDAY EVENING, MAY 8.

OLD H1cKoRY's WALKING STICK.
Jackson Wilcox, clerk in the Navy Depart
meut, and great grandson Of odd Hickory, !" ;,
has 10 his possession cane that was presented
to Gen jackson by q committee representing
the citizens OF Tennessee, and which is one OF
the most unique aud, at the same time, intr-
cate pieces of workmanship that the writer has
seen for many day. 1t is of the finest hlek
DRY wood, aud was taken from a tree IN the
front gardeo of Gen. Jackson plantation the
Hermitage" short distance from Nashville.
Tenn. The top is surmounted with a cap OF
solid silver, upoo which is engraved the names
of all the Presidents of this country, from l776
to 1871, commencing with John Hancock, the
first President really, and ending with John
Tyler. Each of the prongs or knots IL
tipped with silver, upon which is engraved
the names OF the dooors. There is also whistle
made 10 one of the knots, which was used by
Gen. Jackson in calling bis hounds. Upon the
side is engraved the following lines:
And may at last my weary age
End out the peaceful Hermitage"
A FRIEND.
Gen. Jackson carried this stick continually,
and it is said was more fond Of it than any ar
ticle he possessed.