The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1875-09-24

limestone, It's western border being about eigh-
teen miles west Of Camp Harvey Csix miles south
OF liHrneN's Penk). and its stern within thrco
TO tVe miles cas- ward from Camu Harvey. THO
mountain elevation II quite complicated, and
re- Ivy good fwtom ecems difficult to establish.
Hatneys Peak, with the attendant smaller
peaks, seems to- he the true centre Of the hills In
geological structure. series of smal, stccU,
or less perfectly on the west softh, and east To
the mesa on the west. and slope OF the interior
nucleus on the south and east s II trends On to
the general trend ~ the hills Is nearly east aud
west. The drainage system y equally compli-
Gated, but the prominent streams all appc to
rise AZ the base Of or In cnnons m the limestone
mesa, flowing thence south ana east, and cast
wnrdly to the Cheyenne.
THE STREAMS.
On the west side hut one stream OF moment
has been met with, and this forms the east
fork Of the Beaver. tlso rising on the limestone
mesa, but on west sIdc. 49, auth s,u oi lamp
ming into the Cheyenne river, most Of Witch,
however, sink before reaching the same. French
creek, one Of the most important sure ms, rises
In the mesa southwest Of IIarncv's Peak, run
ming east into toe CHEYENNE. From the Har.
news Peak range several smaller streams run
eastward. sinking near the foot hills. North OF
Harvey Spring creek rises, with many branches
the foot hills. Ten miles north Il Rapid creek
Camp Crook with numerous branches In the
ulcsa. AMI as an unusual feature IL preserves tho
volume ana RAJ idify Of its current as far sc
could ur seen. Mgnt miles further nrrth thc
Box Elder lows IN an Casttrly direct. n, aud
kttlt ven miles a-dln nuituWIfd II va u EIh.
lhcsetwo latter streams have not vt been iully
explored.
\ most remarkable thing in the GEOGRAPHY Of
tho hilis IS fuuul IN the mauy Lug nd deep
cafnns through which the streams now In many
places, besides the many later once uconging to
each drainage systcm. These canpns are. Inst.
In tho limestone mesa ALLUDED tO, which are re-
ru'cd To be exceedingly grand IN depth md
m guitudc. Many Of the stream have their
sources In these cahons second, can ma formed
In the nucleus of r0chR, slltCs, Nc.; thrd,
canons Ia tho slopes Of this ruclcu. fourth
Al
Litlt, ia tie fuNt hills. The dtuth ot tho
cahuus rausc- from = U TO 4OJ and GU feet. Tho
thcyNnhc running along the southern rosc u
the hills, g. s.cs for some SIX 10 ten miles
thtuueh 81 s"rl', " gi-an BE- cahuas 00lfert utCr.
formed ny a srur 81 tlc foot NIL, the rocks OF
which ivrt Tie o.. ariy horizontal.
Tug central nucleus H. generally heavily wood
cd, Oh Dgh occasional valleys or IN n rrtirlc4
are open nt co' red WITH oNceiiont rrt., ttc
streams IN many places, widening out. iCrm
valley ~ con.irciahle extent. lhc wood -
Tue muiihihhs H. mainly lc low pine OF thc tUiu-
mon Rocky Mountain species, though some
spruccs ave found, cspccially in the higncr ul,i-
tud,.. Iup valleys - tho ere ks, ON tine EAST
sidc ui tine pills. bear their mnut s. are tccul'ur
IN thri uulct a. thcs have MANY rncrts mot
found further ,cestw I'd, but ,ltifr common in
ti.c tai., a.. thc oaS. elan, tircE. Do ga. suuacU,
Win o.. 10Y kllls Of IL wer- peculiar 90 thc cast.
Scut' tLi.i e. uns been found an abundance on
iur line between the Western states .ud tue
Rocky Mountains. the eastern sid being fI.li ni
g. stern types ~ plants, the western side con-
tanning none. Tue cncucling valley h usually
nee IA m tWhcr other than a lew scat, riug
ClinVf - iti. Inc loot uill- are also SPA" asll
capped by piuts.
GEOLOGY or THE BLACK HILLS.
]. Granite and met I'M orphic rocks form the
greater part Of the central nucleus wnicu mHy
Oc divided - follOws:
HarncS's Peak series probably the Oldest con-
sists OF mica schtH ~. VITA masses II fields
lutAc granite. Naneys mi the surrounding
lesser peaks. ,lOuk's, Dodge =, Hiawatur. &c.
being formed " these immense mass. of ie4d,-
pathir granite.
N1.h~c.t of thi, series appears to BE "a
sccrtd ~ mctamurpiIc rock. States. taltpst.
60. tit'. a. with gem, raj .itucris diu. nhd
Eist Aud Yves, II. Ike, piotahl, li Ing against the
harucN range.
=. Surrounding thisnuclcus Of % der mctiinor-
th1, rocks iu lrgul t,riea are fugui lupt Ing
ui,i a. va the iotsd,tu sAhdetnae. c4f.,, lieu
Gus limo ort, rcd Ocds fura-sic ana cretdtcuu-,
tn i'rlary forming tue icycl ut TIC lar distant
prairie. Tue softer beds 81 the red ted series
bciug easily dcnuded form the Hey alre dy
alluded TO. TIC sandstOue~ ct the ifa--ic ANA
base OF the crct.c. Ous beng mOtCfc istlht iofLi
the c-ctrpnent or surrounding foot lill-. The
tcruAN yang nearly horizontal are uncomf form
ahln to tue earlier rucss, tucr, by proving the
elevation NJ the mountain range previous To tne
DEPOSITION Of the tcrii.ty ana anterior to tuat
Of the CretaccOus formations.