The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-04-28

chokea up, or rather We should say the shoro en-
cr0achinz on the sea. watch or the last 1000 years
it has done At the rate or snrse metres q year,
rendered 1t useless, but II seems to have been q
magnificent AFFAIR with three piers and q light
house, as least so say the learned who have
sought out the traces In tho meadows TO the
north. TraJan's Lake was constructed In the
second century its FORM Is hexa2ona, tIs circuit
about 200 metres ana the numerous ruins OF what
were once the storehousss sgl remain. Thc thIu,
Drgnt-red bricks which tho Old Romans used
were decidedly made OF better material ana Detter
baked than those OF modern times. me water,
which Is never more than Ten feet deep, drains or
By kind or ditch inso tae Tibsr Canal, whlcn
seems also 70 have been excavated by TraJ an ana
is now the only nayigaDla The now or
tho current In this channel Is at times tremend-
Qua, even ten miles an ncur Between this and
she old rlber channel, now entirely closed to
navigation. rises the sacred Island, termed by the
alnyial deposits brought down. ana glance az
map WIN show that II the o,c channel oe
opened as It Is proposed, this promontory itself
Will In great part prevent the mud aud ga al rom
silting up the new Aarbor.
THE LITTLE VILLAGE or FIulucISo
forms the resort or sportsmea Teal widgeons
wild duck Wild geese, ploYers, snipe ana IA.
mlngces Astounding IN tho ncighbornood. The Old
castle, Duilf in l773 on tho actual shore is now
top you obtain magnificent view or sea and
shore, ana thus you get sad idea or the enormous
swamps OF Marcerese and 0stla, lying east snd
wess OF Flumclno, also q perfect sight OF the
Ttoer currents. whose yellow, tdrbid waters form
q strange contrast 20 the intense emerald green
OF the sea.
After tho idea OF charging the Trajan dock was
bandonOd Prince Toronia Is now commencing
MS works OF draining aud cleansing, so ~ 10 make
m oyster pond OF itl the next idea was 20 exca
vate large port inland, ostwoen FiumIcno and
the sea but ar. WllkiDson has already convinced
Garbaldl that this would be not only unnecessary,
but useless, as no captains would BRING in their
crews with tns certainty OF taking marsh fever
six m oaths out Of the year. He proposes TO build
an outer mole, 1850 metres in length, in a west
erly direction, curylnR slightly TO the north, add
an inner mole 1905 metres In length, where
ships W uld discharge, By means OF steam cranes,
direct into railway wagons To give you an idea
or the general incorrecsness or the surveys ana
soundngs taken even by government engineers,
In Italy, il may be stated that Canevari, wno is
now the favored protector FOR the Tioer recti1ca-
ton scheme, is four Etlometers out Ia his sound
ingg. otner engineers also assured Csrioaldl that
he would md ten metres OF water within q klIo.
meter or the shore, whereas soundings
taken rom steamer hired FOR the pur-
pose prove that even at two kl0meters
from the shore nine metres OF water Is the utmost
obtalnabc. This, however, would sufica for tho
entrance or the port. The width or this entrance,
4 e., the dis between the two mOlcs, Is 70 be
$50 metres. The harbor between these TWO break
waters will no protected from all dangerous winds
and from the permanent currents from the south;
VIII be easily accessible for steamers and sailing
ships in any winds that blow; there viii be sun
cient water To noat the Great Eastern. manTuvro
and bring her In 300 metres the area OF Inc pro-
posed haTbOr Will De abont half square mile.
THE FIUMlCISo nARBoR
The moles are TO be composed OIL blocks OF con-
crete, weighing twenty -nye TONS eGcn. In Eng
land these blocks are composed Of lime, sand ana
stone here they Will be made or line, pozzaano,
oasat or lava there being deposit OF lava about
TOUR miles from the Tiber channel, so that the de-
creased expense or conveyance VIII compensate
for the increase OF price. TuIa was proposed as
brittle stun that it Is astonishing TO see Il
used for such an enormous building as the
present palace OF nuanee now In construction.
and IN the case OF these blocks where weight Is
the essential, It's use would be out OF the question.
the ii ne comes from Orti or Narni, seventy miles
from Fiumicno ana the p0tznldHG Is already
lying IN huge heaps along tue SHORE Of tins river,
whence the coastng vessels transport y to ell
mus be lett two months 10 consolidate ana are
constantly ra.ered oy fire engine 20 prevent heir
20 iseir position. me breagwaters at Algiers,
PORT said aud Msrseilles are constructed on this
principle. and II IL proved that the heaviest gales
VIII nos move them. Wnon dropped In at random
they lOrln themselves naturally into slope OF one
hail on the land side. The WidIn OF tho base OF
the outer mole VIII be 20 metres, tho top llh the
bare OF the inner mole % metres, the tor I4-ihis
to admit oil Two lines OF rail. The top Of the blocks
will be paved with lava or granite.
GAaIBALDrs DIRECTIONS.
GarihaldL VINO spent couple OF hours In exam
ining, discussing. measuring and calculating with
Wnkinson's plans laid out before EIm MADE but
two opJecuons-Frst he wlsnes the space be-
tween tAe blocks 10 Oe filed in with cement, as
he does noe seem convinced that, dropped IN at
random, they viii remain Immovable In their p0-
unnecessary and viii add twenty-five per cent 10
tue expense. The other remark ne made was that
he should ike the outer pier 10 be slightly longer
anu curved more inward, 10 protect the narOor
IRON the south current; bat the chief pilot AZ
assisted al the surveys aud sOundings, says that
tnis is not necessary. Oh course eacn mole - 70
be furnished with lighthouse and revolving
lights suficentiy nigh 10 be seen az twenty miles
distance. TIE total cost OF harOor, hreakwaer and
lighthouses viii be ii. 900 900 OF llras S3 900 000
Professor Fllopanu, VINO spent WGole morning
in examining aud discussing, 10 ast0nsned a.
HAILyEss OF THE ESTIMATES,
offers 10 do the whole work Tor tae sum stated
another tning from the estimates OF the ItaIian
engineers VINO now surround GarlDaldl and say,
"Such channel &C, Will cost so much,u but
never AID, eve VIII DO IL for tnat sum-
Wine Wilkinson was with Gsrbaldl be OBJ
served, lncldentaliy, tast the TOP Of .as inner
on when BdrOefini, VINO Is GarIbalois engineering
iactotum az Caprera and me director OF the sar.
out, "Un, granite by all means, look here ~ aud
produced two BIG DOCKS OF granite OF the very
nuost quality. "Tnis,n he continued, '1s our
Caprera granite; the Island abDunds in Il; we can
furnish IL ct lOrty francs per cublt metre at the
mouth OF Flumicino. Now, | am ROlng over TO
Caprera on Wednesday, won't you come with me
and inspect III The General laughed at this
buslness-iEe proposIlIon ana Wilkinson promised
20 run over as soon as anything Is decided about
mis- plans.
AZ the Tiber Commission, composed or experts
has knocked GariDaldIis two great schemes on the
head on account OF expense, tank u very likely
that tney may entertain this project, unless the
Jealousy OF Italian engineers ahal mar the
business.
Already a contract has been given by the gov-
ernment to ScmenZa Tor q
RAILROAD PROM ROaR TO FTUMIcN0
and Prince IorouIa has given the lana. Or cOurse,
should the port be constructed the railway must
be quilt 1rst IS even the workmen must never
remain at PiuncIno during the not months such
is tue pestientIal state OF the atmOsp ere. Inc
line IL 50 perfectly level that an American would