, 1875-11-15


fary os tbs sn,oisteEa at ths tui'd Gospai OF tho
aAylor of mankind kuov uo bounda. To pro-
foas Any faith different from thsiis, to intorfere
BY word OF act With thee woextltf, to- g'ica.iuu
tha.t authority 70 mediate Gatwcan u,an AnG
t.ta mahrr,--these .wero crimes Of tho deepest
dye, to ba phn!shed In way that should aprn!
all othcs tsAnsgrcsaora-aonetlmea by tor
tNro, anmettmea by tho ioes Of = lin'',
but mort usuai1v BY being burned At thu
ttaxo. - Lnke's ron crown and Dasnien'a ted
of steel wore thus tn meta fancy aketcsIcs Of
tho poot. but tho aaideat Of rrAlIties In sotne OF
tho most curnmou tnststcrs Of infract,on Of tho
ecctestaaticat Lara. It ueets scArce!y credible to
ua. living At = t.me rhon public olnuon IL out
spoken aRAtuat enosm!tles Of every nature, that
only : little mpro than century ago, not Only III
FrAneo, tas In other counssiea OF the Old World,
mara tdto word aa1d or written agatnRt tho can-
stilutsd religion was iAbe 10 .bc mot with Buc1l
terrible ssststuslon. And yet tho INSTANCES Ata
naMsrous IN whlth
yoITA1RE 1SrEnrEnED.
at thu rsss of liberty aud life, to preysnt such
atrocltos. To relate rluge ono iu tins con.
France bs tho uan1o Of La Barre, scarcely IT.
rived at yoars Of discretion. Nah brought before
tho tribunal ot Abbny!llo fur pnestpg In iron: OF
l1iocsasion OF monks without 1nn,oy,hg bin
has aud Of singing songs rac,lling the Cnria-
tau religion. 1o addition to thc4e holnous of-
fenses, II sAa known that hp had 1t, his posees-
atoh foltaTe'a Philosophical Dictionary, and his
Eroat r1eat Treatise upon To1crat'on. For these
crimes tue yoliDG man waa condemned to suffer
tho most cruel tortures. and afterwards to baye
his tnngue ard hands cut Of, --s Hencnco Which.
thankB to tho e1crslJnn Of Toltairc, wAA not lit
orally exocnted. voltait e's AefcDho oi la Barre
catco neas cosslnR him lis own 1ifo. Tho same
tribunal which condemned tho one would up.
dotlntedlv haSc passed scatence on tho other, IT
they Gould have fund pnfic,ent proof that he
VIA tho author OF tho Philnoophieal Dictionary.
ono at tho rroeesibed works found IN La barte'n
possession.
II was attocIous acts OF this nature. commits
tod Ly the clergy and tolerated by tno Goyert-
Inpnt, THAI fliBt rouBo1 1Dltas.o's resentment.
- 6oon ~ iio was old enough to comprehend
tho situation, bin great soul took fro ut thom,
tAlenta to tho axtirpation Of such ahusea IN
church and Stats. To ah's cni all the roaourcos
OF his vast learning, hs uurisaea MI, and brill
iAnt genius, were dlructed. Happily. lie sus-
tanned lIgh aociAl rslatous with some Of tho
first pctsonsgcs IN the Government. aud. bcing
left In independent circumstances. bribery and
the frowns 0f powor mover swetved him from
bin oousse. Iisd hs been inolated from soeietv.
and thrown. 10 youth, penntesH on the world.
hts great talents might not bavo saved INN from
the co,nnon fata OF 10 many superior souls,
weighed down by poverty, Hto in that age Of tho
world, yielded to this eblandlsllente af wealth and
power. aud became tne easy i,lssra enta Of ts1an-
i,y in high placcs, but Voltairo s.oua high above
cAl advantages which bis wealth, his powerful
CONNECTIONS. aud hta tafcnta might csBliv have
secured lin. aud. at an carly aye, he ente,ed
ths 6Fent struggle for popular rights which was
thou just beginning to agltato Tho minds OF non,
NOT AZ suhnsteri', or = nerconar} raft,uR for
some ouo to conduct him in;o tho frAy. but az 4
loader. roadv to ruall into tue van aud to direct
the storm and the whrlwind.
Fitv to retate what he did for suffering tlu-
aultJ 1t thls CRISIS aud in this cause, would ill
a volume, and = volume 40 bright aud redaena-
ing ~ to atono-lp the minds Of reasonable men
for all the faults, roa! aud Iu1aglnarr. with
which his moat malignant eueolcs haya loaded
hts nomofy. cau pause To mention but.
FEW ExAMFLEs.
II has almost paAscd into = p,'oserb that it was
lla pen Of Foltatra. mare thai all othcy causes
combined Tint stimulated the Fsonch RevoIu
uou.--that mighty reaction Of the human mud
was the influence Ct bis wrtIrRs in favor OF hu-
man llborty confined to his own country. It
was felt with aImost equal power In other paris
OF Europe, a. Hntl as il, Amc1iua. 1t is scarcely
critical examination Of Voitalfe's works 10 n,s-
cnyer iu them tbs germ bnth ot tho Declaration
OF Independence and Ut tho Constitution OF tho
United btates. A1s far-feachng vision SAW in
tho not far distant fut0te Tho ultimate enlantl-
patlnn OF the race from both religious aud 10
ltlcsi slascry, mud bus fertile BRAN furnished for
their guidance thosa principles OF equity and
to}eratlon which Art, In Our day. tho !ead,.g a,a
familiar landmarks under all s5atons of freo
Government
To stem tue torrent Of ve1,gious persecution.
ot which, to certain ax ttnt, DO had hlu,seif
bean tho victim. Voltaiie exested iais h!gncst
eEgiss. I haye already a, uded to tho caAe Of La
barre. That Of tho fan.ty ct aluatbailh WAS
equally cruel aud melancholy. The husband va.
bfuken upon tho wutaA. ard tho wife coudtmued
10 doath. But, by til. oforta OF yoltalrc her
ken.enco was revoaed by tho very Judses who
had pronounced het guilty. Ono Ut tile most
Ia hehalf al the Protestant family .. Calas,
Tho father had beoU cJndemned. "ithout tho
lelat shadow Of e.idenco, for killing bis sun u
Prevent hia Teiap lug fut, tho Catholic faith.
Flr this the old man wns hroken on tue wheel
and bis w.fe and oalldres put to tho torture,
Tue whole family afterwards led to uouoys,
IN Switzerund. where, with othot fugltIyea from
tue aane kud Of tcskecn tlo1t they were protected
&nt supported by folttu 0. For moro than tbroo
ysars he laborcd nura11it 'iugy TO hpyo this in.
accent f~u.ly reatored " tAeir lost rights and
prope,ty IN FrAnce. NJ. other eyent in his lifp
seetnBd 10 nave affected him Is much ~ this.
lie declared that the horrors porpesrated Ia
peaceabla aud enlghtaaed tinoa wete worse
thau tha mAe4aore IT s;t Bartholomew, norpe-
trated dul lag the dAFkasss Of fanaticisn. Is Dur
Ing thess sad three years. ha nrited, "noa .
atu,lo has escaped mo without my TerrJaching
t,yealF tor 1t ~ for critae." 1nanks to bis
persecution, like tho wotat features Of tho isudal
ayatam, waro t.ually put N end 10 lu France.
While tho mind OF VoltaiTe MSS u!ed with
valuable fso.e. which he could draw furtA at
Will ~ Wan p4AA1At SfAkA4N -
oa{o.SAi. GcAcEPEtoHA
There Ia ecar.olyh great reform BY wh1oh. Ia
latsr times tho proK.ess Of nar has been nc.
cetrrata4, that u nut in homn way coAnec.s1
With i1H nasne.
lie was the first great thinker in Europa to
draw intention tu tho vatne AID prnc!ica1,!!ty Ct
tree trade among uAtions. Ho wA+ also tho nr..t
to give tho right direction to historical stuI!os
snu compositions. BY diyDrtlnE tho mind frut.l
that snat masa Of nse'ass .n,s waa'ls:sns detail
concerning cun4uesors and their performances,
sud from tie tahlcs with which history. both no
cred and profans, 'a a'lcd. WITH Ve!.a1o. part'cu-
lAriy towards tue latsor pkst of ha fe the Rctons
Of individuals. however .l!aststaus. counted for
very little In tho march Of human affairs; md
he cloarly dlacefaed and pointed out The law. By
yir&un OF which dirasont soc1st,eA arc osuepsai
aud consrolled, % bsl!g somes!.ing anslsgous t1
the laws whloh bind toaethor different parts oi
tho uuvessa. "k1amiae." says he. III one
place. "the sttas!ioaa Of eyory peoplo npon,
oastn. TheY ara all st,ko founded OH trnin ol
oosurrsno.h ssstu,ngly WITHOUT eonnect!ou ye.
tneY arg sii conneoied. fu thts immense .na~
caihe I'll u Wheel pWl.as, oare+ OF eps.n;, Il ID
the Same thing IN shs physlcal un,yslso."
He ~as tie author ot tho saving that thu