davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

The New York 7Ti5lne thinks that
Judge Curtis's decision as to accepting
drafts by telegraph will be welcomed in
commercial circles. He regards a dis
patch agreeing to sccept draft as the
equivalent Of 3 written acceptance.
This gives the sanction OF law to what
has hitherto been q matter ofhonor, and
adds to the usefulness OF the telegraph
in facilitating mercantile transactions.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

THE congressional nominations in
Mississippi, so far as made, are Colonel
Lamar. unanimously, in the first dis
trlct, o. R. Singleton in the fourth,
Colonel c. E. Hooker in the fifth, and
General w. T. Martin in the sixth dis.
trIct,
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

The venerable statesman, Herschel
V. Johnson, is said to be candidate for
The next governor OF Georgia, with
strong prospects Of success. A man Of
greater purity Of life, or more substan.
tai interest with his party, could not be
fIUrld
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
Heavy Order or Attachmept

NEW YORK, August 9.-This after
noon on application Of FsIrchiid, assist
ant state attorney, Judge Westbrook
granted an order OF attachment against
Deunlson, Belden d Co., canal contrac-
tors, 70: four hundred and seventeen
thousand doliars, and an order of arrest
requiring bsil from eacn in two hundred
thousand dollars.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

This is good news, especially for South
Caroiinians: .Parkes, the ex-treasurer of
that State, who escaped from Jail las
"eeA' While awaiting trial for plumber
ing the StAte while in Office, was recap
tlf7d IN yamdenilast night, and will be
taken to Columbia in irons;. and, we
nope, viii get what ne deserves.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

IT'S stated, on the authority of the AL
sbama pspers, that the negroes of Mont
gomery voted in herds against the new
constitution, having been told by the
Republicans that il would Put them back
into sIsvarv
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

LONDON August 9.-The gentlemen
OF the American team and their friends
arrived this morning from Paris. Sew
eral OF the party will visit Sir Henry
Ha1ord tomorrow at Wislow Hall, his
country seat Ia Leicestershire, where
they VIII meet number Of distinguished
visitors. On Thursday they will all go to
Liverpool to embark for home on the
steamer City Of Berlin, except Mr..
Bruce, who remains on the continent,
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
Tha Grr.shnn...-a

OMAHA, NEB., August 9.-To-day's
specials from the west say the grassh0p-
pers are very numerous at Grand Island,
Willow Island, Central City, Wood
River and Hastings, and are dGing great
damage in the vicinity OF those places.
Immense clouds Of hoppers are flying
sOuth ward
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

THAT international csse in Haytien
waters will not amount to anything.
The British, a. usual, have it all their
own way. \ dispatch from Havana yea
terday ssys that the cargo Of the British
vessel pursued in Haytien waters by q
Spanish gunbost has been embargeed by
the consul-general Of Spain in Hsyti,
and will be taken by a Spanish man-of-
war TO Havana The DiariO thanks the
British c0nsul-general in Hsyti for his
good offices in the sffsir.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

The grain trade hss become 80 i'm
pOTtsnt in Middle Tennessee that Nash
vile has just built an elevator with
capacity for one hundred thousand
bushels Of grain. That's progress.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
a Brave Woman.

MONTREAL, August 9-Yesterday five
young roughs attempted 10 fOrcibIy
enter the house o. q respectable woman
named Mrs. DOwns, st Point st.
Charles. ITs. Downs fired into the
crowd, killing one named Mehan.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

A TELEGRAM from Little Rock yea
terday Informs Us that the new after.
noon daily has suspended. Another
added 10 the long roll Of victims of i'm
pCcuniogifv.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

CoLQUITT, Hsrdeman, Gsrtrell, Wof-
ford, James, M'Iutyre, Bacon, Sim
mons, Smith, Stephens aud Lester, are
the names Of the candidates for governor
OF GegEgia.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

TEE loss by hocd in Indiana will
amount 20 twelve million dollars, ten
million Of which is sustained by the
Terre Hsute congressional district alone.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
Middle Tennessee for Bate.

5PtcIaI 70 AppesI.
? NASHVILLE, August 8 9-Nineteen out
ottwenty are for Bate all over Middle
Tennessee, and second choice OF the
friends OF ell Espirsnts IN East Tennes-
see.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
EsEED.

PIDGEON-On Monday, at 10 O'Clock ain.
after a PrOtracted illness, JOSEPH PIDGEOS,
aged So years.
Funeral from his late residence, corner
Second and Carolina streets, Fort Pickering,
this CTU ESDAY) morning at 10 o'clock.
Syracuse and Chicago papers please COPY
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
ELECTION NEWS.
Chief william X. Ross Re- Elected by the
Indian NatiOn-NenBOeraGs Ahead
In North Carolina.

FORT GIBSON, August 9.-The result
Of the late election in the Cherokee Ma.
tion for first and second chief, senators,
members OF the national aud grand
council, and for district officers, passed
off quietly. No disturbance Of any kind
except in one precinct in SaqusiSh dis.
trlct, where some hOt-headed partfsans
OF the Downing party took possession Of
the polls, driving off the judges, taking
their places ana receiving votes. The
returns will be thrown out for irregulari-
ty, but the precinct being small it will
not effect the general result. Returns
come in slowly, owing to the high stage
OF water in the streams having
no bridges; they all have to be crossed
by fordIng. The high water prevents
many from reaching the polls. The re-
suit is in doubt for CHIEF, and so close
that official count may be necessary to
decide. 1t is generally conceded to-
night, however, that the present chief
William P. Ross, Is re elected for &
second term of four years. Ross has a
majority in the senate and council. A
majority of the officers OF the Ross party
are elected. The predictions of blood
shed during the election, were happily
not verified
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

a BALE Cf Mississippi cotton was re.
ceived in New Orleans on Saturday by
rail, and another Yesterday by river.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

COLONEL JAMES L. BAILEY, Of
Clalks'ille, spoke at Jonesboro, East
Tennessee, yesterday.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
SERMONS LIFER EEGHLATOR

snr DySpepSia, COnsipa ZION, Jaundice, Bill
lOus 81 aoKs, SICK Headache Collie, Depress
ion Of spirits, Sour Stomach, heartburn, Etc
TT EE A3 MO- USUAn.
Is iaulless family med iCiue.
Does nos diSarraugG the system
is s. 're TO cure II taken regularly.
is no drastic violent medicine
DO=s not interfere with business.
Is no intoxicating beverage.
Contains the simplest and best remedies
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

Is ..s1sFlga in It's ag..au, health is O. 'ruUer Iu
Falt&uly secured " ant OF action iu the r.v.I
causes headache, Constipation, jan. .rr r..
Rain IN the shoulders. Coughs. FI'I=. Il..F
mess sour stomach, bad taste in .ne n.uU ..
Bilious Attach. FaluitgL.u~ ul tIe Heard Ir.-
pIes~lpn "I spirit. rr the UeS, anu "a hum
dreI other 50 p-gu., for Wu41u ~ r. - loo. ~
tl@J has ever been discovered. &c acts mildly.
eE-CiUs-lyr and being simple vegetable
compound, can do no Injury In any guautI-
At7 tAti III may ne tu-CG. 20 is la-.rlgas .u
every way, 10 has been used FOR fOr.E wears
and hundreds Of the good end great from .fIs
parts OF the country VIII y1ucL fr les beng
the pUIeSt and best.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
FOE Ill DISRASg9 E THE LLTFR. T0mAGH ENn- SPLEEN

u 's emlueutly Family Medicine ana nv
save many al hour or suffering ami many p
dollar in time ana doctors bills. after over
Forty GeaTs trial 30 is stilI TeclI wing the most
unqualified testimonials 10 its virtues from
persons OF the highest character and response
Hilty. Eminent physicians Crr1-ueud IL as
the most EEFEg'EuAL a ksFt EGtS' FOR lOn-
stpat.O on, Headache, Pain in the ShJulCsrg
LiZEiucs~l Sour stomach, bad taste in tua
HCuth, bilious attacks, Pqrpitarirn of the
meGrtr Pain in the region of the Kidneys, des-
pOnueucy, gloom and fOrebOdlngs OF evil, all
OF Whlcu are The offspring OF a Diseased Liver.
II YOU feel Dull. DrJWsy, Deb!lltated. have
frequent Headache mouth tastes badly, poor
appetite, and tongue cos ted, YOU are suneriu =
from torpid Liver, or 90 sIi0usEe=s," and
nothing viii cure YOU so speedily aud perma-
neEIy- The Liver, the largest organ IN tue
body, is generally the seat Of the di =8se, and
If not regulated in time great suffering,
wretChedness and death viii ensue.
Armed with this Aut'dOte, all climates and
changes OF water and food may Oe faced with
out fear. As a remedy IN Mal8riOus Eevers,
Bowel Complaints, RestleSsuess JauuUiCe,
Nausea, the Cheapest, Purest and Best Family
Medicine in the World.
% I have never seen or tried such a simple
eiAcacIQusl satisfactory and pleasant remedy
IL my lie III. II Amer 81. Louis, No,
HON. ALEs&. Il. STEPGENS.
" occasionally use, when my condition re-
quires II, DR.. simmons Liver Regulator, with
good effect. Hon. ALEX. n. STEPHENS.
S0FEt&OH UF ALABAMA.
Your Regulator has been in use in ny
family for some time and L am persuaded II
is a valuable addition 20 the medical sci.
ence. '-5Ov. J. GILL SHORTER, Alabama.
" have used ths Regulator in my family for
the past seventeen years. can safely recon-
mend 10 10 the world rs the best medicine
nave ever used FOR that class Of diseases II pur-
ports 10 cure.'-H. +. TFTGPEN.
PRESIDENT OE CITY PANK
simmons Liver Regulator has proved q
good and etiiCaCiOus mediciue-C.A A NUTTINg
DRUGGIST.
g. We have been acquainted with Dr. Sim
mons Liver Medicine for more than twenty
years, and know It to De the best Liver Kegu-
!aiOr offered to the puhiic"-M. K, LYON and
l. - L-.-- 49, .-...-- o.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
North CarOIfYa

RALEIGH, August 9.-The result of
the convention is still in doubt. Returns
from all the counties except one show a
representation as follows: Fifty-nine
Democrats, fifty-nine Republicans and
one Independent Democrat. Cherokee
county is to hear from, which has here
tofore voted Democratic. The Demo-
Gratis claim four majority in the con-
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

Buy no Powders or Prepared SIMMONS
LIVER REG GULATOS unless in our euoraVed !
wrapper with Trade Mark, stamp and sigma
tuTe UlJrOEen. None other is genuine
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10
Alabama,

MONTGOMERY, August 9.-COmpIete
returns show that the convention is
carried by sixteen thousand five hun
dred majority. Delegates elected num-
Der, Democrats, eighty-one; Independ-
ent Democrats, six; Republicans, twelve.
The grasshOppers are damaging crops
in North Alabama.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

We have been acquainted with DIR. Sim
mons Liver Medicine for more than twenty
years, and know IL to De the best Liver Begu-
.aiOr offered to the public"-M. K, LYON ana
II. 10. LYON, BeliefOnt8iue, Ga.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1875-08-10

We have tested its WY rss. persona w and
Know That FOR DySpepE-.- E..lDGSHes-. and
IhrobJlng Headache, Il is The best m.ulcfu-
tine world ever 7W. Wehave tried fllrvgfuar
remedies before simmons Liver Regulator.
but none Of them gave more than r-T.ur-
rary r6leti cut the Regulator not on iv Ice
lteEaf, but cured US.'-ED. IELEaRAFH Ays.
81 MESSENGEE. Macnn. lia.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14
STATE OF LOUISIANA,

PARISH OF ORLEANS, CITY OF New ORLEANS.
BE TT KNOWN, that, on this Eighteenth day
Of the month Of June, in the year OF our Lord,
one thousand eight hundred and seventy-fve,
and of the Independence of the United States of
America the ninety-ninth,
Before me. JOHN G. EUSTIS, Notary Pub
lie, in and for this City and Parish Of Orleans,
State of Louisiana, duly commissioned and quail
fed, and in the presence of the Witnesses here
matter named and undersigned,
Personally came and appeared the parties
whose names are hereunto subscribed, acting fo-
themselves and those whom they represent, as
corporators, and for such other persons as may
become associated with them by succession pur-
chase, transfer, or subscription, who severally
declared, that, availing themselves of the pro-
visions Of the laws OF the State of Louisiana, re-
lative to the organization Of Corporations for
works of public improvements and for other pur-
poses, they have covenanted and agreed, and do
by these presents covenant and agree to form
themselves into and cons itute a corporation
under the following articles, which they adopt as
their charter:
The name Of this corporation shall be the
FIRST CENTRAL DIFFUSION SUGAR MAN
COMPANY, and by that name it
shall have power and authority
First. To have and enjoy succession for the
period of twenty-five years.
Second. To contract, cue and be sued.
Third. To make and use corporate seal
Fourth. To hold, receive, purchase and con-
vey property, real and personal.
Fifth. To name and appoint such managers
directors and officers as it's interest and, on
venience may require.
Sixth. 70 establish. make, alter. or amend
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14
ROW AT THE FAIR GROUNDS.

AT IL o'clock Sunday night q difficulty oc-
Cured at the Fair Grounds between two men,
Officer Slemmer, of the mounted squad, and
and man named Mike Carroll.
1t appears that an unknown man walked up
to the officer and asked him to take drink
The man ordered whisky and the officer
lemonade. After drinking the man told the
officer if he did not drink whisky he would
not pay for the drink. At this time the
owner of the bar. Mike Carroll, stepped up to
the officer and asked him if he had any
money, whereupon the Off cer offered his ring
as surety for the amount of the drink.
Mr.. O. thereupon struck him and took
his revolver away, after this crowd jumped
upon him and beat him numerically. One
Of them cut him in the neck inflicting a severe
wound about two inches in length, but not
very deep. Foreman VIM. Swan, for safe
keeping, placed the officer in the Black Maria,
ana ait.r .arj he aas sen. to bis residence.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14
CHARTER.

not exceeding five hundred thousand doliar
$500, OOO), and to make any notifications, adol
tions or changes in this act OF incorporation, o.
to dissolve the Company, with the assent Q
| three-fourths Of the stock represented az sue.
meeting. Such modification, addition, change o.
| dissolufion shall be recorded as required by
law.
| Whenever the dissolution Of the company shall
take place either by the limitation OF its charter
| the vote Of the stockholders, as provided IN the
foregoing section, or otherwise, its affairs shall
be Immediately placed in liquidation under the
charge of two commissioners appointed by the
Board of Directors. Said commissioners shall
be solvent persons not indebted to the company,
and residents of New Orleans.
They shall remain in Office until the f1Iai Hqul'
dation of the affairs of the company and the dis.
tribution of the surplus funds among the STOCK
holders.
Their conpensation shall be fixed before their
election, and shall not exceed two ana nan
per cent (21% per cent? of the assets realized by
them, and in case of a vacancy occurring from
any cause whatever, the remaining or surviving
commissioners shall Immediately appoint another,
otherwise anv court of general civil jurisdiction
in the parish of Orleans may make such appoint
ment, on the petition of any three stockholders
ARTICLE XIV.
The fiscal year OF this company shall end on
the first day of March in each year. On that day,
or as soon thereafter as practicable, the books
of the company shall be balanced and general
statement of it's affairs be prepared and submit
ted to the stockholders, for fifteen days preced-
ing such election OF directors.
Thus done and passed at my office in New Or
leans in the presence of Andrew j. Arm strong
and Fred. Stansbury, lawful witnesses residing
In this city, who have hereuntO signed their
names as such, with said appearers and me, said
notary on the day, month and year herein first
written. after reading the whole.
Original signed
JNO W. LABOUISSE.
r. SIEG,
r. C. CAMMACK,
VICTOR MEYER,
s. z. RELF,
T. L. AIREY & CO.,
OTTO KRATZ,
A. J. ARMSTRONG,
F. STANSBURY,
J. G. EUSTIS,
Notary Public.
l. the undersigned, Deputy Recorder of Mort.
cages, in and for the parish OF Orleans and city
Of New Orleans, do hereby certify that the within
and foregoing Act OF Incorporation was this day
duly recorded in my office, according to law, in
B. lis, folios 61S, GIG, $40, 621. 622 and 623.
New Orleans. La, June q, 1875.
(Signed) G. DARCANTEL,
Deputy Recorder.
certify the above and foregoing to be cor
rect copy of the original Act Of Incorporation
and certificate Of recordation thereof extant in
my current register.
In faith whereof, grant these presents under
my hand and the impress of my official seal, this
Oath day Of June, A. D. 1878.
J. G. EUSTIS, Notary Public.
je25 jy2916
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14
Table OF Rates 81 Domestic Paat.

The following are the rates Of postage On n.
nestle Mail Matter Of the different cl.ssa.
Note-Au domestic mail matter fercar.
papers, magazines and periodicals sent Il 49,.
subscribers from known Office Of pubHc.s.-s
must be prepaid by postage stamps.
A letter on which one full rate OF posta,. =
prepaid, but on which further postage /. ohs-.s
able, win be forwarded, when deposited Is
post-of6ce, charged with the unpaid post,r. 3
be collected on delivery. II the postage i ~
wholly unpaid, or is prepaid less than ON. q.
rate, it will be held for postage and sent - =.
Dead Letter Office. Should it reach it's dest,,-
ton by inadvertence, however, it will be ch.r..s
with double postage on delivery. "One q.
rate" means, in the case Of mail letters or 60
nrst class matter, three cents.
In large cities and adjacent districts Of l....
population, having two or more post-ofices Va.
in distance OF three miles OF each other any -
ter posted at one of shch offices, and addresses =.
locality within the delivery of another Of ~
Offices, which shall have been inadvertentlv
paid at the "drop" or local letter rate of post.s
only, may be forwarded to it's destination tbrc.sr
the proper Office charged with the amount of n.
deficient postage, to be collected on delivev
II articles chargeable with different ra...x
postage are sent together in one package ~
higher rate must be paid on the entire pacr,.e.
but two or more different articles, both CHAR
able with the same rate Of postage, may be 49,
in one package on payment Of that rate on ~
whole package.
The following articles are excluded from III
mails: Liquids, Poisons, Glass, Explosive NJ,
terials Books, Pamphlets, Pictures and othar
publications Of an obscene or indecent charact1r.
all letters upon the envelopes of which, and mo-.
tai cards upon which, scurrilous epithets IN
written or printed or engraved, or disloyal d.
vices printed or engraved !; and all articles Wiki
from their form or nature are liable to DESTROY.
deface or injure the contents Of mail bags or -
person Of any one engaged in the postal SERVES.
Postmasters are not allowed to give credit fbe
postage, nor to deliver any mail matter until An
postage due thereon has been paid.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14

J. G. EUSTIS, Notary Public.
l, the undersigned Deputy Recorder of Mort
cages in and for the parish of Orleans, city Of
New Orleans, do hereby certify that the above
and foregoing act Of incorporation of the sNew
Orleans Pacific Railway Company" was this day
duly recorded in my Office, according to law, in
book 11S, folios 626, 627, 62s, 629, $50, 631 and
632.
New Orleans, June 20, 1875.
Original signed.) G. DARCANTEL,
Deputy Recorder.
certify the above and foregoi G to be true
and correct copy of the original charter and GER
tificate of recordation thereof, now extant in my
current register.
In faith, whereof, I grant these presents under
my hand and the impress Of my official SEAL this
Sd day of July, a. D. 1875.
J. G. EUSTIS, Notary Public.
i've I'm 35 Carondelet street.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14

1t will pay to buy your coffee, parched or
ground, at the Tea Depot,5 Camp street.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14

Blsckmsn's Commercial College, 131 Caron
delet Terms reduced. See advertisement.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1875-09-14

J. A. GIRDNER,
GEO. JONAS,
JULIUS WEIS,
HU. KENNEDY,
DAVID WALLACE,
i. B. WHEELOCK,
E. L. RANLETT,
JOHN H. KENNARD,
CYRUS BUSSEY,
by L. 4 g.
JOHN PHELPS,
W. B. SCHMIDT. -
SAM'L Fl. KENNEDY,
A. J. ARMSTRONG,
JOHN W. HUNTER.
, 1875-05-19

the Emperor's? By what right do certain
persons within the Empire pretend to be,
independently of the sovereign, the ennis
saries and representatives of a putative
foreign potentateq "And if you claim
that more obedience is due to God than to
man, | admit it; but how does that mean
that more obedience Is due to q man in
Rome than to a man in Berlin1" In this
last sentence, recently uttered by the
Prince in the German Parliament, is the
whole tone of the dispute on his side.
The man In Rome is not only In no sense
a divine authority, as he views the case,
but be is no longer such an author ity as
he was practically In the days of the Holy
Roman Empire. Ii was as q sovereign pom
tiff that the pope reviewed the acts Of
governments in Christian countries gener-
ally but now that the sceptre of.material
sovereignty has passed from him, now that
he is subject to the laws of a secular king.
dom, though he may himself refuse to see
the change in his position, Others must
recognize the change in his attributes.
In all this the Prince seems to us far
more logical than the Pope; and we be-
Iieve that the better future of the Church
10 nearer to his than to the other side of
the dispute, for his argument tends direct
" to the separation Of Church and State,
in so far as it combats the claim OF tho
Church to that which is not within its pro-
vince properly, but belongs to the politi-
cal power. From the American stand
point it is Judged that religion and politics
are SO totally different that there 10 scarce
ly any conceivable relation between them ;
that the government Of States and the care
of souls are functions not to be joined or
associated in any satisfactory way. Aud
the tendency Of progress throughout the
world seems to be in our direction on this
point. Churches cannot be really inde-
pendent of the secular authority if they
are not self-supporting. and this they can
not be without absolute separation Of
Church and State.