The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-04-20

the North and south, he viewed IN Amer
lea with some sympathy Sna ihduisenet
We can hardly be expected 20 rate very nlpnly
the motives Of those OTHER powers who thtew
their weight into the other scale ana VINO 80 SEN
inueed, toward determ nlng the issue Of
tue war, Yet for one can mos, moss
ana however painful rne process, they whie
seeking 10 90 an injury, con erred upon rs great
Deneht by releasing US rom efforts, the c ninu
atIon OF Wnicn would nave oeen an unmlXed eyl.
As regards the fathers Of the American Consttu
ton themselves II believe we can and
40 now contemplate their great qualities
aud achievements with an admlratlo as rute a.
that OF American cltlzens themselves and car
IeJo!ce no less heartily that Ia we couhses
Providence they We're made the instruments OIL
purpose most benehclai 70 the World: Ihe
circumstances under winch the united states
began lher national existence aud their mex
ampled rapldity Of advance IA wealth ana popu
Iation enterprise ana power nave imposed Oh
tnetr people an enormous responsibility. Thel
win DO tried as We shall at the PAL
Of History, but on greater scale. Thei
VIII be compared win the men, no
only OF other countries but OF other times. Thel
cannot escape IRON the liabilities ana BURDEN
winch their greatness imposes on them. No one
desires more ierven.ly than do thaJ tney may De
enabled TO realize the highest hopes and antclpa
tons mat belong TO their great position III tns
nave the nonor 10 be, gentlemen. your obliged
and faithful servant, W. e. GLADSTONE.
'Tbe Bench and Rar' was responded to By
Chief Justice Gray. or Massachusetts
"The Colleges and Universities" TO which Major
General Joshua L. chamberlain. ex-G)yernor OF
Maine and President OF Bowdoln college,
responded In q most graceful and eloquent ad.
dre,s
''The Commerce ofthe United states.n Response
By Elliott Q. Cowdln, Esq, or New YORK, whs
sald:-
SPEECH OF ELLIOT c. CowDIN.
MR. PRESIDENT AND FELLOW II beg you
70 accept my thanks for the invitation extended
TO IN to be present to-day, and | only wish thai
the duty OF acknowledging the trltute you have
jus PAID to the Chamber Of Commerce OF the STATE
or New York had devoved upon an ADLER repre-.
sentative. Delegated by that body to bear TO you
its congratulations this occasion, my colleagues
and myself are proud TO take part in the com
memoration or this memorable anniversary. TIT
battle OF Lexington Infused into the HE
OF this people the first sentiment oil
American nationality. II was the inaugura-
tion OF q civil war between portions o.
the foremost commercial nation OF the tImea
From such a conflict trade snrinks with instructive
aread. Yet rom the outset OF tue Revo utlonarg
struggle so unequal the side OF the colonies thi
patriot cause was sustained by that class which hat
the most TO lose in the event OF failure "War." al
Milton says, "moves oy Two main nerves, iron ana
gold.n Inc merchants OF the heroic perlol we
are contemplating generously paced thelr
money AMI credit at the disposal or tae
feeble government. In word. the ms
tory or the merchants OF the thirteen col
ONES IS he financial history OF the war Tor moe
pendence. WHAT would nave Decom' Of tne SUI
IerIug soldiers OF Washington. Greene, Gates,
Lee and otner compltrlots, III some OF the darkest
periods OF the contest, except for the marvellous
energy aud skill OF tnat eminent mercnant u
Philadelphia, Robert MOrris, IN furnishing money
to carry the struggle. and largely 100 ~ means
o his oWn credits But for MN the army would nave
been dlsbanded. His services as nuancier were
as essential 70 the successful termination o. tne
war as were those oil Washington In the Geld.
SnalI remind you that oOtn OF the Industrious
men whose sculptured features have tins daJ
been unveiled before u were engaged IN mercan.
2 Ia mn lii lg "A
JOHN HANCOCK,
among hundreds OF other wealthy merchants thai
coud be mentioned, staked everything on the
popular cause. speak o. INN as merchant, and
II any che dslres 10 know the KIND o. merchandise
he dealt IN. Oy referring 70 the Boston EceGfnc
Post u December 25 1894, he VIII ma the lollo ".
ing Advertisements
70 Re SOFT BY John Hancock at his store, 10 4 al
men 81 English AMI niia goods, also Newcastle coali
and Irish butter. cheap Tor cash.
Although the bulk 81 nis property was in a num-
Der OF wooden houses IN Boston, yet wnen, aa
President Congress. NJ Transmitted 70 Wishing
ton the resolution relating 70 an tack on Boston,
thea heia Dy the Brush troops, ne SAID, May
GOO crown your attempt win success. most
heartily Wisn IT. though individually may be the
greatest sulierern Inc bOmOardment, whoa was
happily ayerted, would have been the Ilnaucia
run o Jonn ii ncocS. Little known. perhaps. aa
a merchant, ana lar less fortunate man Hanc0cb
IN worldly affairs. Samuel Adams was equally
patriotic aad Incorruptloe. ~ AN not WORTH Guy.
IN. = SAID ne, wnen app cached by an emlssary OF
the Brush Ministry, VINO attempted 70 orl0e hiI
10 oerray his country; "A am not worth b4ying
Dut. sucn as am. AL tue treasury 81 ENGLAND
could NOT pay lor me.r Well might Thomas Je1er
sou pronounce Nun "a truly great man, WIS., IN
council, fertile ia resources, lmmoVdOle IN pur'
SPEAKS FoR NEW YORK
But Mr.. President | am forgetting that yon
summoned me 70 speak ior the New YORK Cham.
Der Commerce. In IL ASSOCIATION was Instituted
~ the year lI6s ~ voluntary agreement o. the
leading merchants u tue city II WAS period Of
proound excitement The traders ot W1at
vas taen tne toony q New iork mad
suffered under heavy burdens. Tie Nlviga-
lion acts oil the British Parliament tended 70
destroy the commerce " Inc clOnles. Taey we're
not allowed 70 trade with ans oreign conatry.
nor export 10 England their own mercaaudlse ex.
cept IN Brttisn yesse Iron aoOundsd ~ the
colonies; out no, an article could be manufactured
b the people-a must be imported. Wool WAS
abundant; Dut no clOtn could re Manufactured
except Tor private use, aud not pound ol the raw
material could be s0u In IN town e. town, out All
must De sent 10 England, 10 oe ultimately re-
turned a. Manufactured cloths. Ourdenel Win
neavy duties. Beaver was then plenty al along
the streams, out no natter was permitted Q nave
more man two apprentices, aud not nat could
Dut eclmeus 81 that vast network u
restrictions upon trade and commerce III winch
Great Britain euclfcled the tnlTteeI co.Onies--
examples selected ~ random 70 illustrate tnat
poncY wnlcn regarded the cUlOnists az oarbaTlans
rolling IN wealth, the caei eng Oi whose existence
was ~ De hraVlJ tsAed ~ the Oehsht ~ we afs-
tocracy Al home. The Parliament ADDED humfla-
ton 70 extortOn. Naval officers, acting under
the law, we're insoient toward colonial vessels.
They cOmpeIied them 20 lower their naxs Ia token
81 nomage, ared on tnem at the slightest proyOcA-
ton and Impressed tpelr seamea whenever theI
cnose. Inc Muuny act, as II was called, required
the innaoitants o the co.Onies 70 iurntsn
quarters and, 70 some extent supplies ios
All the soldiers mat might be sent oveI
from England 70 Cypress them. The passage Oi
the stamp act. IN 1905. though less imam JUS tnan
much previous Legislation aroused sucn mdisna-
tlOn IN all the principal American colonies as
clearly showed thai Enlland musT either change
her policy or prepare 10 en- Orce " AZ the pOlni Of
the haYoneL Tue ptotracted ana violent strdg.
gle over TINS act, involving the principe q TAXA.
ton without representation, was the prologue 10
tnat mighty drama whose opening scene was the
battle OF Lexington, ana whose closing act was
the evacuation oil New YORK ~ the rear guard Of
the BRUSH army. Nowhere were iUund more
strenuous opponents OF the oppressive IeRls
latIon 10 wnich nave referred tnan Ia t1e ranks
Oh the merchants vi New YORK.
COMMERCIAL OPPOSITION TO TYRANNY.
Among the most prominent In their opposition
were those very same merchants VINO aiteFwafd
became foremost IN tue foundation and Organiza.
ton oil the Chamber Of Commerce. Four out VI tpe
nye New YORK delegates % the nrst Congress u
the American cOOnles-namcly, J0hu CruIer,
Philip Livingston, WIlam yard aud Leonard