davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01
Uses of Wool in the Apiary.

For the last four years we have used wool
quite largely for various purposes in our
apiary. We use nothing else for stopping
up our queen cages, rolling it up for this
purpose in tight wad The bees cannot
gnaw it away, and seldom propolise it. We
shut up all our nuclei, when first formed,
with wool. 1t can be crowded into place in
a moment, admits air, and is easily re-
moved If we wish for any purpose to shut
up hive, we use wool. In the working
season, we keep one "pocket full of wool, "
and we know nothing of the vexatious we
experienced when using wire.cloth. Occa-
sionaly few bees are caught in the fbres
of the wool, but they are for the most part
very shy of it, and are quite indisposed to
commit fsio de Sc, by hanging themselves in
its meshes. Robbers will very quickly re-
treat from hives well wooled. If wo use the
words to wool and unwool a hive or nucleus,
instead of to shut up or open the entrance,
our readers will understand what we mean
IL. l.. Langstroth in Practical Farmer
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01
For the VERMONT FARMER
Farming on Long Island.

EDIToR VERMONT FARMER AS l have
numerous letters of inquiry thought per-
haps it would bs interesting to the readers
Of the FARMER to answer through your col.
umns
First, would say | advise no man to sell
out to come here, if he is doing well,-I
mean making comfortable living and inn
proving little every year although twenty
years experience in the West has convinced
me this is better place to locate for profit,
as we'll as health and comfort. The great
trouble with us Americans is, we are iu too
great hurry to get rich we are not satis-
fed to let we'll enough alone.
Health is of the very first Importance !;
good society is the most desirable object.
Vermont is well adapted to that, being a
healthy country, and happy, virtuous peo-
pie, if they can only be cOntented.
But sat down to talk of Long Island.
The land is cheap, outside of cities and viii
lagos, averaging from ten TO twenty dollars
per acre some can be bought as low as five
dollars per acre Climber cut off of course) /;
nearly level, and free from Stone. Soil from
light, sandy loan to heavy clay loan.
1t all needs manure for any crop except cram
berries, although nothing near as much as
some places | read of. We get manure
cheap, from the numerous bogs, creeks, etc,
We get Manhattan or moss-bunkers for 81 .25
per thousand they average one-half pound
apiece. Four to hill Of corn makes as
good corn as they can raise on the Western
praires. Washes four cents bushel, de
livered on boat. Four hundred bus hes
per acre bring good crops of all kinds, Sea-
weed cabbage, negroes hair, etc, pay to haul
two or three miles, they say. They raise as
good wheat, corn, clover aud timothy here
as anywhere ever lived.
The middle Of the island is light, sandy
soil settled before the Revolutionary war
Large farms lie idle aud barren, with old
buildings with timber enough in one to make
a modern village of.
find on inquiry that these lands in early
days raised good crops without any manure
except the timber burned on the ground.
On the east end and north side Of the
island are heavy loan farms, aud have more
wealthy farmers with money in bank and
out on mortgage than can be found in any
other part Of this state, Of equal numbers
They all tell me they can remember wheI
they had to go to Coram, or middle island
for their grain, and to take land on shares
They were too far from the water, and did
not know enough to plOw in clover and greer
crops to keep up its fertility. So it was Onl.
a question Of time. 1t is or will be so witt
any land except river bottoms.
But ask why the new land will Onl
raise rye now without manure They an
swer they cannot tell. l ask, how long ha
this land been stripped of its wood for mar
ket 2 They answer, over hundred year
Yes, see the potash is all drained out it
only question Of time. .-
How the farmers can maintain the fertilit,
| Of their farms at present by baling up mos
all their timothy hay and straw, and sendin
ii to the city, l can't see. l am sure the
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The system or the want of system, Of judg-
ing at fairs in New England is very imper-
ieOt and exceedingly unsatisfactory to judges
aud competitors, Our experience land it is
somewhat exteuded) as a committee man, is
that it takes longer to get a committee
together than to do the work. Men are put
on several committees men are put on who
have no interest in the work; men are put
on who have no special qualifications men
are put on by interested parties. Then ira
crowd of five or six thousand, where all are
seeking their own amusement, the committee
men are to hunt each other up, and keep
together long enough to do their work we'll.
An intelligent man who goes through this
process, can give an opinion of the value
and reliability of the work.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01
How California Fields are PlOwed.

The fields are powed with what are called
gang plows, which are simply four, six or
eight pillow shares fastened to stout frame
Of wood. On the lighter soil, eight horses
draw seven gang plow, and one such team
is counted on to put GAO acres of wheat in
the sowing season or from eight to ten acres
per day. Captain Gray, near Merced, has
put in this season 1000 acres with FIVE such
teams-his own land aud his own teams. A
seed sower is fastened in front of the plow.
The plow has no handles, and the plowman
is, in fact, only driver he guides the team;
the plows do their own work. 1t is easy
work, and a smart boy, if his legs are equal
to the walk is as good plowman as any
body-for the team turnes the corners, and
the plow is not handled at ALL On the
heavier soil, the process is somewhat differ
eut. An eight horse team moves a four
gang plow, and gets over about six acres per
day, The seed is then sown by a machine
which scatters it forty feet and sows from
seventy.fve to one hundred acres in day,
and the ground is then narrowed and cross
narrowed.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01
Saving Pig Manure.

1t is not an easy matter to save all the
manure from pigs | have allowed for a
loss of seven per cent on many farms |
presume, seventy per cent loss would be
nearer the truth, The food of cows aud
sheep contains a large proportion Of woody
fiber. This is vOided in the faces. But the
food Of pigs contains very little woody fiber
nearly the whole of the food is dgestod, and
consequently we get small amount OF solid
faces and very large proportion OF liquid
manure. Now, pound of nitrogen 10 the
urine is worth more than pound Of nitrogen
in the crude, undigested matter found in the
faces. And this is true to still greater
extent in regard to phOsphorie acid. Prof
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

Our friends at the West have at last dis
covered an effective mode Of warfare against
the grasshoppers. Prof Riley says, seat
them. He has tried them as diet cooked
in many ways, subsisting for whole day at
time on no other food, and he says they
are good. He read m elaborate paper at
the meeting of the scientific association at
Detroit, describing his culinary experiments
quoting the customs of many nations and
peoples from St John the Baptist down, and
recommending the locust as a delicious and
nutritious article of food. His paper is
printed in the Prairie Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

A correspondent at Massachusetts Agri-
cultural College writes that the grangers of
Franklin and Hampshire counties had pic
MIC in the woods above the vineyard on the
college farm, and the superintendent of the
college grounds "kept three or four fellows
up there watching the grapes all day." We
would like to know if it is Characteristic
of the grangers of our sister state that grapes
have to be watched when they are around.
Our Vermont grangers would scorn any
saCh piliering.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

even then the difference would be at least
fifty per cent in favor Of early maturity.
And this matter Of early maturity is entirely
within the control Of the breeder. A cross
Of Berkshire, Essex, Suffolk, small York.
shire, or other early maturing breeds upon
our best common sows will produce the
desired result. But this system has no
period Of storing animals; it must be one
constant progress from the first TO the last
day in the life of the pig.-[Buffalo Live
Stock Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The Ohio Short-Horn Breeders Assoca-
ton, at its annual meeting At Columbus,
made some good recommendations to the
state board of agriculture; among others,
that premiums be offered for milking Short
Horn cows, to be shown in milking condi-
ton, and for ShOrt-IIOra steers, also for de-
velOPing useful qualities. 1t was resolved
that the owner Of COW at the time she
calves is the breeder Of the calf lin which
we cannot cOncurl. Twenty-Five counties
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

SALT FOR HoGs.--I have seen salt fed to
hogs for fifty years, aud in the last twenty
years have fed many heavy hogs, ranging
from 800 to 600 pounds net, | fed them
all literally with salt have never lost one,
nor has one been sick an hour. These hogs
have bean fattened in a close pen, and their
principal food was corn meal made into
dough, This dough | have salted, at least
once day, Sometimes my hogs would fail
to clean out their trough in that case l
would put handful Of salt into my bucket,
with some water pour it into their trough,
aud they would lick it up with much relish.
In addition to salt, feed Goals from the
stove. make it a regular custom to feed
GOALS aud it is astonishing what quantity a
hog will eat, and how healthy and robust it
will make him. Let the hogs have plenty of
salt and charcoal, aud we shall hear less of
the cholera.--[J, L., in Country Gentle
man.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

Since, an English chemist, states that the
milk Of cows fed on grass grown on fields
manured with sewage became rancid in
thirty-six hours, and the butter grew rancid
sooner than that from ordinary milk. At a
session Of the chemical society it was stated
that milk of good quality is produced on
sewage farms when oil cake is fed, and it
was suggested that the real difficulty is this,
grass is too succulent, aud dry food should
be used with it. BY exposing milk to the
gasses from untrapped drains its composition
appeared to be altered but it yielded dis.
tillate which had very offensive smell.
This milk as we'll as that from cows affected
with foot and mouth disease caused sickness in
those who used it. Ordinary analysis does
not detect all these changes in the compo.
sition of milk.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The cattle on the Wadsworth estate
in Geneseo, N. Y, are affected with
"splenic apoplexy," disease confined to
rich soils with impervious sub.soils. 1t is
communicated by incubation, but tends to
die out when carried to higher and more
porous soils 1t was OccasiOnod in this in
stance by the plethOric condition of the ami
mails aud the extreme weather Thirty
nine animals out of the herd of two hundred
and seventy-seven have died.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The Duke of Connaught, roam two year
old Short Horn bull, was sold at auction at
the Earl of Dunmores sale to Lord Fritz
harding for 4,5OO guineas or about s25, ,s75
of our currency being $1,000 more than
any bull ever sold for before at public sale.
The 3D. Duke of Hillhurst (bred by NJ.
H. Cochrane) sold for $4,000 A Rose
of Sharon sold for $ll,2l2 and an
other for 1926 and an Oxford for
S10,410. 1t takes some courage for a
breeder ofShort- Horns to declare such prices
and the current prices of Short-Horns, to be
not only Ridiculous in themselves, resting up
on no substantial basis of intrinsic value,
but furthermore, that the inevitable ten
dency of such excited initiation is to lead to
point when the only result is a disastrous
collapse.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

An experimental shipment of peaches to
England resulted in failure from the in
suficiency of ice which gave out in three
days. Twenty.four hundred crates were
packed in fifteen tons of ice. They kept
good four days after the ice was exhausted.
The high cost Of freight and other charges,
will probably interfere with the success of
the undertaking.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

We omitted by accident in our report
last week of horses at the state fair, to men
tion the large show of horses by MOultOn
Brothers of West Randolph. This is partly
explained by the fact that We did not have
an opportunity to look at them knowing
which they were, as committee work kept US
elsewhere most of the time while the horses
were out for examination. They were well
commended by good judges.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The fourth annual convention of the Amer
ican Association Of breeders Of Short.HOrn
cattle is to be held at Toronto, Province of
Ontario, December 1st and 2nd, 1875.
These meetings are usually fully attended,
and the proceedings are of interest to breed
era
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The foot and mouth disease is spreading
in England. Two thousand new cases were
reported in one week. 1t is very conta-
giOus. The sympto are said to be placid
tongue, profuse saliva and tender feet. Syr-
inging the mouth and nostrils with weak
solution (Oue part in thirty of carbolic acid,
and stronger solution applied to the feet,
are recommended.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The New York Poultry Journal says
that chickens fed on preparation of crushed
or ground new bone, grow to much better
size the use of this food postpones the time
when the bones harden or set, and the chicks
continue to grow longer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

1t is stated that the broom corn crop of
the country has been reduced twenty-five to
thirty.three per cent from last years crop
by bad weather. In the Connecticut valley
the crop is good.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The Short-Horn COW sixteenth Duchess of
Airdrie recently purchased by Mr. Il. II.
Cheney of England from A. j. Alexander
for $4,000 gold. died few days since.
Her young calf had been sold for $4,000,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The breeders of Merino sheep in Ohio,
Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia
have organized fine wool sheep breeders
association.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

NJ. H. Cochrane and other Canadian
breeders are in England buying high priced
Short. Horns, Clydesdale horses, Cotswold
sheep and Berkshire pigs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

Sweden has appropriated 100000 for
the purpose of exhibiting the fish Of its
waters at the Centennial.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The New York World says farmers must
raise more fowls to destroy grasshopPers
and other insects.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

report 1873 herds, aggregating over $500
thorough bred Short-Horus. This from
the Ohio Farmers report.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The Richmond Wing strongly urges the
farmers Of that state to engage in wool
growing.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The Fish commissioners Of Ohio are about
to establish fish "hatchery."
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

The fair of the Orange county agricul-
tural society at Bradford, October and d,
promises to be positive success.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01

Communication for the Agricultural Department should
be addressed to the Agricultural Editor at Springfield, VT
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-10-01
MettmbAt Ratmst
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY by
ROYAL CUMMINGS,
ST. JOHNsBURY, VIZ.
c. HORACE HUBBARD, Agricultural BdT,
p. O. Address, Springfield, VT.

Terms OF subscription.
One copy one year paid IN advance, Two Dollars
One copy six mouths, -. .One Dohar'
one copy three months, on trial, Fifty Cents.
Free of Postage 20 any Point I'm the United
states or Canada.
An papers stopped when the subscription has expired
In requesting change address the postoce is to be
changed from should be given well as the address
In CIubs.-As an inducemeut for subscribers to club
together nd bring snbscrbes four copies are sent
for six dollars the rate Of l5O per copy when our
or more ordered at time
Rates Of Advertislng.-Foron one or more inches OF
space for or more weeks inch per week rule
Multiply the number Of inches space by the number OF weeks
and divide BY four 10 and the cost In dollars.
Pioche daily record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1872-1876, 1875-10-27
INDIRECT EFFECTS.

The question on the street last night
was what effect will the Virginia fire
have on u.s." In another column we
have given it as our opinion that the
effect will be bu. transiently decreasing
one, yet other views may be taken, and
simply as matter of present interest to
our readers we will briefly state the prem
Uses on which contrary argument may be
based. II was asserted at the time the
Bank of California reopeued that the
syndicate had borrowed large amount
of tho subscribed capital used in re-
pairing its shattered fortunes, that the
collateral security for such loans was
composed largely of stock of the Con
Virginia. Ophir and other mines on the
Coms,ock and elsewhere. and that the
Bank of California depended largely on
the bullion yield Of those mines for the
payment OF this indebtedness. The
mines in question IRE temporarily
crippled, the supply of bullion stopped,
and a considerable amount of money
must be expended before it can be started
again. The Bank of California has
always a considerable amount OF money
subject to the call Of its London and
New York agencies ana which can
scarcely be drawn on with safety. 1t ia
q question whether, now that the supply
OF bullion is stopped and the indebted
ness coming due, the Bank can meet III
obligations without sacrificing portion
of its assets; should the latter unwelcom,
contingency arise it would havo bad
effect on this sectioa in common with
the entire coast. aud in this indirect
manner theyirginia disaster might be con
sidered as having an injurious tendenc.
toward us. This is but suppositionary
but yet is worthy OF place as foreshadow
ing possibility and serving as a pre-
caniionary measure Of safety.
Pioche daily record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1872-1876, 1875-10-27
SPIRIT OF THE PRESS,

According to the Auditors report the
people of Humboldt county are in debt
100000.
The Calistoga. Cal, Free Press re-
Gently issued its valedic.ory, the propri-
etors stating that the low price of quick
silver has rendered business so dull that
the people can lily afford to support a
newspaper.
Fifteen thousand sheep have been i'm
ported into Montana during the present
year from Illinois, Iowa, Utah, Nevada
and California. This will swell the mum
Der of sheep in the territory to about
40, 900.
The Cheyenne Leader reports that Col.
Dodge and staff, just in, report meeting
California Joe. with forty men, the ad.
vance guard of party of four hundred,
near the South Cheyenne, on their way
into the Black Hills. Miners seem to be
going in from svery direction.
The Colorado Canal company has been
organized at Denver, to construct canal,
thirty feet wide and six feet deep, from
Platte c,nyon to the east line OF section
GO. west, in Arapahoe county for the pur-
poses of navigation, and for the irriga-
ton of some 800, 900 acres of land in
Douglas and Arapahoe counties.
1t is with more than ordinary pleasure
that the Eureka Sentinel announces the
fact that dividend has been declared
by a mining company Of McGeary dis
sriot. The McGeary Mining and Tunnel
Company recently declared a dividend of
$50 to the share, The total number Of
shares is six, and the amount distributed
$3.50, the proceeds of the sale of water
from the tunnel to the f. & P. r, II.
Company. Who says that McGeary isn't
coming out?
H. X. Mitchell started Colonel Dow in
the Reno Democrat. The Colonel failed
to make it stick. and tho result was lot
of unpaid printers. The printers brought
suit against Mitchell & Dow. and Mitch
ell set up defense that while he claimed
the office he did not authorize the hiring
Of the employees. The Austin Reveille
Is pleased to notice that judgment was
rendered in favor Of the employees and
against Mitchell & Dow. The latter
having all his money in stocks the for
mer will have to pay the Judgment.
X. G. Marsh, the well-known actor,
writes to the Virginia Enterprise the fol-
lowing characteristic note: "On Mon
day, October II, was taken down with
typhoid fever; since that time old man
Death and myself have had rather q
sharp game Of euchre. Az the game
stands now We have each q game on the
Pioche daily record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1872-1876, 1875-10-27
SOMETHING NEW.

For over one hundred years the car
rier-pigeoh has been used ss a means OF
communication between distant Giles
and provinces, sometimes with impor-
tant and practical benefit, as in the siege
of Paris in 1871, when the besie2ei resi-
dents relied on those birds and balloons
for post and mil. The fastest known
birds have, till lately, been kept in Lon
don and Brussels, but recently an
ocean Homing pigeon OF species OF
dove Of great intelligence, dociIity and
spirit has been found in Iceland, which
flies at meteor-like speed Of enc hun
bred and fifty miles an hour. and is able
to find its home over land and SEQ from
any part OF the world pair OF these
birds recently brought dispatches from
Paris to lonely spot copgenial to their
nature, in wild and rocky part OF Kent.
England, within ten miles OF London,
in one and one-half hours. Press car
rier-pigeons took the dispatches on to
the city the whole distance from Paris to
London. by actual parcel mode OF con-
veyance, being done within one and
three quarter hours. A series OF expert
ments is now going on in England, with
view to establishing O daily Ocean
mail from Europe to America. The bird
let loose at sunrise in London will, it is
believed, convey his precious parcel to
New York by shutdown the next day.
This, certainly, sounds like the moon
hoax, but it looks feasible. II the birds
are domesticated in both hemispheres,
and made understand their homes, il
will be simply question of endurance
on their part. The carrier.pigeon is the
most faithful OF animated messengers
He never stops or falters, but with steady
pinion wings his way towards the desired
haven. 'Twould be strange if the birt
that brought to Ararats summit tn
green branch Of peace that gladdenet
Noah's heart should. in this latter day
be the bearer Of tidings between tn
Eastern and Western hemispheres.