The New York herald., 1875-07-12

other and, per laps, even more lucrative trafnc to
most OF these. In ten years he market gardens
winch are growing up about Mobile Will bring az
much money to tnat city as M cotton
used 10, and when the Louisiana ques
lion IL nnally "denationalzso," ~ zeal.
Gus Psckari man put II in New or
leans The revival Of industry IN soutreu
LOUISIANA VIII in few years make that wonder
fully ricn country as productive as II ought TO bs
and re-estao.tsh rne fortunes OF New Orleans.
Meantime II Is q fact that II the planters are
poor they owe but lttle money. PAN ng has
come 10 a casn basis, and good crop Is good Tor
the aud owner and the laborer and not mainly
for TIE factor. There is no doubt that there has
been much suffering IN the south since the war.
among a class OF people who formerly scarcely
knew what even pIuuent economy meant. TIRE
emancipation OF the slaves destroyed at blow.
for tne sayeowners, the greater part or the &C.
cumula,ed capital of these States. the labor Is
still there. the community Will presently be
weather than ever. But in the redistribution ol
TINS wealth the former wealthy class will oe re-
duced to moderate means II is by no means
puolic clamIty; but II makoi many individuals
gloomy and hopeless and Is one cause or the gen.
eral depression.
V. Fiually these States have made q new exper-
ience in taxation. Aside from the plunderinG.
which has not very great IN Alabama OF
crease In taxation, growing out or the TACT that
the former slaves are now citizens, who are taught
in schools, tried in courts OF justice, confined In
State and other prisons. supported in asylums and
IN many other ways are, as all citizens are,
source or public expense. This is too often for
gotten by Southern men when they complain OF
hign taxes. Formerly q negro thief received
trlrty-nlne asnes rom the overseer, and thlre an
end; now constable catches him. prison holds
him for trial, Grand Jury indlcts him, petit,
Jury hears evidence for and against him, judge
sentences him If ne is guilty, and thereupon q
pententiary receives MIN just as 1t does his whito
brotner.inlaw; or. II 1t Is IN Alabama. his father
hires him of the State at twenty cents a day. and
lets him loaf about the cabin untn his term ex.
pires or he becomes candidate for another term.
THE MISFORTUNE IS
that the federal interference has held these
States under republican rule against the VIII OF
the niellgent part Of their citizens, and has
vented these rom learning by experience what
are the real difficulties and necessities OF govern
ment under the new order OF things In Ala.
bama, Just now, for instance, the democrats, who
are IN power begin TO discover that ''tne price OF
government mas gone up,' and that they cannot
very greatly lower the taxes, against which,
among other things, they have long grumbed.
In State like Louisiana or Arkansas, Of course,
merely TO stop the stealing will at once and enor.
mously relieve the community, and good deal
can be effected by economy in government in Ala.
bama and Mississippi rs we'll But the democrats
will discover that tney cannot get back to the old
extremely low taxes.
WHAT IS NEEDED IN THE SOUTH.
vi. Finally, as TO peace. The Southern white
population differs from ours IN one or two impor-
tant respects In the States have seen there ID
q more marked distinction between the wealthy
and the poor than Is commonly found in the
North. The numerous class If poor white farmeri
are kind oil people unknown among us. Settled
upon their lands, long and constantly neglected
before the war; living still in a backwoods coun.
try and in true backwoods style. without schools,
with few churches, and given to rude sports and
a rude agriculture. they are peculiar people.
They have more good qualities than their wealth.
er neighbors the planters always allow them; but
they are ignorant, easily prejudced and they
have. since the war, lived dread OF having so
cial equality with the negro imposed upon them.
This fear bred hatred oil the blacks, which has
often, III former years. found expression in brutal
acts, 10 which, believe, in the majority OF cases,
they were lnstigated by bad men OF class above
them.
more mischievous class than these poor white
farmers IS found IN a large number OF young men
in the remoter parts OF these States, who follow
no regular occupation, but prey upon the com.
munity, white as well as black; they are gambler
and political bummers; they drink whiskey and
swagger in barrooms, armed with revolvers and
knives and It was for some years their habit
when they needed excitement, TO "snoot o mig.
gern They are mainly the descendants OF tho
overseer and negro trader class in the South, and
naturally despise honest labor and take readily to
brute force. They have often sufficient education
to make political harangue, and they are a
curse 70 the community. II the republican leaders
in such State as Louisiana had done
their duty they would have exterminated
this not numerous class, which is disliked
and feared by the decent white people,
upon which it has often imposed ITSELF 1t was
these wretches that Sheridan called "band,ttL'
To have huag them by the dozen would have beer
the first duty OF good rner in Louisiana, and NJ
would have won the gratitude and support OF tue
decent people VINO torn the mass OF the com.
muniiy. In Arkansas this scum was crushed out,
In Louisiana 1t was tolerated py the republican
rulers and has been kept down mainly by the
respectable people themselves. In Mississippi II
forms still the most vociierous part OF the demo.
cratic party, though by far the least numerous.
AS this is really criminal class 1t will continue
to commit crimes but toey will not be political
crimes, nor Will tney be beyond the power OF
reasonably energetic state government te
punish and repress. AS these youua
and as they are known 10 be ready with
the pistol, they may sometimes overawe
local jury, and It their crime Is given political
aspect by the action OF federal officers they may
even temporarily win the sympathles OF unthinE
ing people. But viQilant and energetic Governor
Will have no dlfncuty ID mastering the situation,
even in the most lawless parts OF Mississippi Id
need not call on the United States. Tnere Is no
where sucn a comoination as a determined Cover
nor cannot put down, nor anywhere crime which
he cannot punish. In the last resort a Governor
may declare martial law in county, and II he II
wise he will take that occasion to hang up few
dlsordery wretches. lie will make votes for tho
next election by doing SO, for lawlessness is NOT
general; the mass OF the people wish Tor peace
ana order.
What those States which ! have visited moss
need for some years to come Is a vigorous and
alert State government; a Governor extremely
Nyfot In efnn md