davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-09-06
TIE CONTROL OF IORPEDoEs.

After this came an exhibition OF Conyerses circuit
closer ls novel little totale is striking proof Oh the
usefulness of the torpedo station as place of nstruc-
ton IL IL the nyentisn Of Lieut. Converse, who has
been stationed here only short time. Every knows
that nowadays when is declared, OF the first
things done seaport towns Is 10 panl tOpcdoe5
IA Tie channel Tor the benefit OF the adNCntuIOds IN
trader. This would oil he very well II the Orpcd0es were
endowed the faculty OF distinguishing rendS from
elslles; but officers wound scarcely feel that tneJ had
done well IN lining tue approaches u such lafDoi ,s
krw.Isrk Wh Lissi thai would as ch''tuAlly
koep Oir own commerce ~ as IL would tEc enemy our
By Lieut. Conyerses eOtrydnce the torpedo Is hot ex'
puaed when vessel tOuencs II, but at The VIII 0 an
operator suppcse I0r example, % torIedoes to be
planted In ruaune; = fri.Ldly snip c2n sai boldly IN
and bump them ALI without lear VI harm; but IL IN
enemy APPROACHES and touches one, the operator Is
warned by the sharp of bell, glance at mr. in~tru
iirnt shows him which torpedo IL touched he presses
key and Del the enemy Als moved tNShiJ Ieot TAG
torpraO NlOdc, and d0oo its work an INSTRUMENT iOf
drtI rfnnln. the position 81 ship aud following Her
motions exhibited This i German Invention, aud
eonriais urst chat Vi the narDOr, having the posi-
tou rf an tOrpudoas accurately rirLedon H. Across
thls chart 10y metallic livOted ~ one end one
OF these has small telescope attached by winch tue
opor4ior can follow the direction OF al approaching
vessel Tic ether arm npt an electrical CONNECTION with
operator stationed n favorable position ha l!e
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
BY our Agricultural Editor
Prizes at the Vermont Dairymen's ASsO-
citation.

The following prizes are offered for com.
petition at the dairymen's meeting at Rut-
land January 1921,
Best tub 90 lbs June butter, three barrels
OnOndaga Factory filed dairy salt. See.
Ond BEST two barrels.
Best tub fall butter, two barrels. Second
best, one barrel.
Best tub winter butter, two barrels. See.
ond best, one barrel.
Most meritorous display Of butter, quail.
ity, statement, etc, to be considered, oscil.
lating churn.
Best July cheese not less than 25 lbs, two
barrels salt. Second best one barrel.
Most meritoriOus display of cheese, Cor.
nish & Curtis rectangular churn.
Every competitor must become member
Of the association and must furnish an in-
structiVe statement Of all the material facts
regarding the production Of the article.
Best essay on the management of butter
dairy, by lady, accompanied by samples Of
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

The Irish World has a lending editorial
in its last issue, discussing the question.
"Can Ireland be made free ?" 1t says !:
"Meu ask, what is the use ? England is rich
and powerful. Her war ships sail on every
sea. and her proud flag floats in every breeze.
One-6fth Of the inhabitants of the whole earth
are her subjects. Her dominion is greater
in extent of territory than was the
famed Roman empire. On the continent of
America. in Asia, in Africa, in the islands
Of OCeAnica, her sway is acknowledged and
these many and far-distant provinces have
for ages been laying tribute at Englaud's
feet, and been pouring into her lap the
choicest Of their precious StuifS, until now
England has come to be the most powerful
and richest Of oil the nations Of the world.
On the other hand, what is Ireland If
England is the most powerful nation, ireland
is the weakest nation in existence. If Eug-
land is the richest country, Ireland is the
poorest country on the face of the globe.
How, then, can Ireland hope 10 meet EHg-
land in the field 2" Aud still the World
expresses the opinion that, ERE FIVE years
more are past Britannia may be seen, lat
the bidding of Irslsnd) sitting in sackclOth
and in ashes. amid the smouldsring ruins Of
Loadon. Where there is a will there is a
way" And how may this wonderful vic.
tory of the weak over the strong, be gained ?
The World hints at the method Of waarfre Ia
be adopted, by showing that the strength Of
the total Irish element in the United States,
ireland, England, Scotland, Canada, France
Australia and elsewhere is, at least, &c, 000,-
900. Here, then, is Ireland's strength, at
home and abroad. Now the Catholic w orld
recommends that every Irishman become q
Feuiau. alt is the duty Of all patriotic
lrishmen, and sons of Irishmen, to sustain
the Fenian cause" Then let Feuians watch
the opportunity" when some other nation
has commenced war with England, tC
pounce upon and destroy her.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Vegetable Growth and Maturity.

The most important condition of vegetable
growth is, after all, a full supply of suitable
food. All plants. as we'll as all animals,
live by eating, and without food, would as
literally die of starvation.
OF the sixty elements found in nature
not more than fifteen enter into the eompo-
sition Of ordinary plants. From these each
plant selects its bill Of fare with a. muc b
care as an epicuro. But it seeks no variety.
1t is perfectly satisfied with its one course
Of soup, at all times of day, and at every
stage Of its growth. Its food is always liq.
uid, except some invisible gases which are
absorbed from the air by its leaves. This
liquid is sucked up through its roots, and is
assimilated into life.giving nourishment.
Manure is the food which farmers give
their crops. There are two kinds of manure,
the organic and the inorganio-the former
consists Of deoayed matter which had once
been organized into some form of vegetable
or animal the latter comes from the dust
worn off from rocks by friction or frost, OF
by heat under the influences of chemical
affinity. The most important of these ele-
ments are the four gases,-oxygen, hydro.
gen, nitrogen aud chlorine five metals
potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

taught him self-reliance aod the value of
time and money, and led him to form Inc
habits Of integrity and irugaliy which die.
unguished him through life they Seated IN
him thirst for knowledge, aud tuspifed him
with that energy and perseverance, which al.
ways gain its object.
But "fortune favors the brave" Young
Wilson managed, while serving out his on.
premiership, to gain access 70 two or three
local libraries. Ha had no time except Sun.
days and evenings in which TO read. These
he employed faithfully, by daylight and
moonlight aud by the light Of pine knots,
until he had devoured one thousand volumes.
The books selected we're mostly Of history
and biography interpreted with literature
poetry and standard works Of fiction.
Here our young men have an example Of
perseverance, under difficulties, and Of soon.
Omy 10 the use Of time. Had young Wilson
spent bis leisure hours 10 hunting aud Ash
log, sliding AND loafng about the stores,
would he have attained to the eminsnce he
did ? Upto this time, his school days, all
told, had been less than year. After leav-
ing the shoe shop, he had managed to pay
his way for four or Eve terms, at high
school in New Hampshire Two years is
the extent Of al! his school advantages. But
he had spent Ll the time he could command,
by night and by day 10 reading and study,
and thus secured t Q knowledge aud disci-
pliOe which others gain at school. Had he
improved only his school advantages, hi
whole life would doubtless have been as OBJ
scurs rs indicated by his early days. Bui
he improved the minutes, aud thus gained
hours, days and years for self.culture.
We are told that Henry Wilson was
self-mads man. Aud so is every man self
made, If made at all. Still he made hinlsel
under difficulties, and demonstrated wha
other young men may do for themselves ant
their country, by following his example.
Wilson rose from extreme poverty an,
obscurity to the second tfice in the gift o
this great nation. His life was continued
struggle with obstacles which would seem L
most men insurmountable but the even
proved that the very difficulties were anon,
; the means Of his elevation. Let the youn
men Of our state ponder the life Of him VIII
has just passed from earth laden with na
tons honors, and learn the value Of integrity
industry, perseverance and piety, as th
characteristics Of truly successful man.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
ny our Agricultural Editor.
BOARD Meeting at Ludlow.

The Board Of Agriculture meeting at lud-
low made very successful opening on Wed.
pesday, December LIST. The exercises in the
afternoon consisted Of Mr. Chapman's paper
90 "Ilorses," aud Mr. Olark's on the "Water
Power Of the state" In the evening Mr.
Mckeen read paper on breeding Tur-
keys" and Col Mead repeated his address
on the Opportunities for Young Farmers"
Thursday morning the audience was disap.
pointed 10 the non-arrival Of Ex.Gover.
DOR Fletcher, but Mr. Hubbard gave lamil.
lar talk on Winter Care Of Stock" Tho
audience became SO interested in the discus
sion that they forgot the calls of hunger,
and when we were obligel to leave town for
home they were still at it, dinner having
been waiting an hour. THIS is just the kind
Of agricultural meetings we love to attend
when even the calls of the diuner bell are
forgotten in the search for truth.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
THE
VERMONT FARMER
PoR THE
CENTENNIAL YEAR.


1NBE FARMER will make no grsa, pledges
for the coming year only 10 strive be the trst
PAPER that lie publisher, editors and eoutrbutors
make H. Az 10 the past, in the future every pains
consistent with the Substantial encouragement the
paper receives from the farmers OF Now England (or
already II has good array Of subscribers outside the
state) will be taken to make the VERMONT FARMER |
better and better each succeeding week II has gath
cred TO itsefa noble corps Of contributors, Of which
any paper may we'll be proud. Among them are the
leading minds Of the state, in agricultural Matters
not mere theorists but PRACTICAL FARMERS who speak
from experience and testify that they do know The
result is, that the FARMER has become q pleasant
medium Of exchange, through Witch people in diner.
ent sections In deront circumstances may compare
their experiences, their successes and their failures
and much proat has resulted FROM those comparisons
No ono man knows all there IL known, and no one
farmer everything about farming. One may have
given his attention largely to stockraising, and
quired much useful knowledge In regard to IT, bought
by dear experience. Another, by study and obssrva.
ton' long and patiently ollIng may have become we'll
| 1870 hhothef ~ uaifyihkg hna IN
other in manurlng and filling the soil AN Of these
men can toll wherein they have mot with failures aud
wherein success has crowned their Efforts 1t is this
knowledge not to he followed implicitly, but to be
taken evidence which may some cases possibly be
impoaohed that all farmers desire. To publish this
knowledge, ntelligsntly condensed and Arranged, b
the province Of the agricultural paper the province
the VERMONT FARMER designs TO occupy.
The ladies' farmers wives and Daughters, desire
an interest in the VERMONT FARMER, and page
is set apart for their use, where gentlemen may also
appear when their contributions relate more partlc.
larry TO social and domestic affairs. The contributors
TO this department numerous and Of high order
Of merit 1t is not stretching tho truth whom We say
they are scattered from Maine to California. THIS
department Is under the charge Of lady. ~
Not all farmers, all the readers OF the FARMER
, are Patrons. but many Of them are department
| has been formed where may be found news MON the
oranges and counsel that hope may prove 'tlmsly
and good" This department will interss. those who
are not Patrons we'll those who are, since ali
desire u know what this Order doing. BY reference
to the proper place twill be that this department
Is conducted by member Of the Order who is we'll and
fayoTnbly known
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
The Animal Kingdom.


The mocking.bird Is relative Of the
thrush. 1t is found in nearly every part of
America from New England to Brazil. Its
name indicates its nature aud habits.
This bird is inclined to cultivate friendly
relations with man, building its nest in some
tree near his habitation. And woe to the
cat, dog or snake that dares to modest the
male bird who has undertaken to protect this
nest from Intrusion. He has been known to
strike the black snake with such violence as
to leave it dead under the tree, and then
seating himself on the highest branch, to
pour forth his best song in token Of victory.
The knocking. bird is not beautiful, bat his
song charms the ear and 6xes his value
above that Of every other bird. Heis pecu.
liarly attractive from the fact that he has
the power to initiate the notes Of every other
bird in the forest. He repeats their songs
with perfect accuracy. Hence there ia re-
produced in this one bird a complete proto-
type Of the whole ieathered tribe. Each
may hear the echoes Of his own voice as uni.
tatcd by the hooking. bird, and so rapid is
his transition from one song to another that
any one who attends this concert of the grove,
may suppose that half the fsatbered crea.
ton has assembled to hold musical festi.
val. This imitation is true copy, yet it
deceives and provokcs not only tho sports.
man but other birds which are seeking their
mates and the young who listen to the call
Of their mother.
The mocking-bird has not only 4 sweet
voice, but an astonishing memory. He is
familiar with the music Of the forest in all
its variety. He can sing like the robin,
whistle like the quail, squall like the cat
bird, twitter like the swallow, and scream
like the hawk aud he does this from mem.
ory. He whistles like the master, aud the
dog jumps up and wsgs his tall; he peeps
like chicken, and the old hen clucks the
louder, to call her offspring under her pro-
tectihg wings he news like kitten and
the mother puss wonders where the noise
comes from.
Tho powers Of memory and musical skill
Of the mocking-bird are truly wonderful,
even more than human. We are amazed
by his sagacity aud wisdom. and are com
PEELED to raise the inquiry il he has human
attributes and human sympathies like man,
why not immortal likewise If possessed
Of reason, memory and the powers of reaeo.
ton aud forethOught, if capable of exerCis'
ing love and hatred, how can he be distn
guished from mani Call it instinct, if yor
lease,-that does not change the fact. Il
the particles Of which these bodies are com
posed, aud even the clods Of the valley mus
survive the "wreck OF matter and crust oil
worlds" how can we believe that the spirit
which animates, and the intelligence and
sagacity which distinguish the animal
world, will perish We only raise thi.
question, We do not declare the doctrine Of
immortality for animals
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

aluminum; four mesalloids,-carboD, sill
con, phosphorus and sulphur Now water
is the upiOn Of oxygen and hydrogen; air, Of
oxygen and nitrogen ammonia, ofhydrOgeu
aud nitrogen CarbOuio acid, Of oxygen and
carbon; gypsum, Of oxygen, sulphur and
calcium potash, Of oxygen, carbon and pc.
tassium.. These unions Of acids aud bases
form neutral salts. These chemical exper.
iments are constantly being tried in the soil
and In the plant, aud nature is thus feeding
her vegetable kingdom.
The combinations Of the greatest interest
to the farmer are potassa, lime, soda, mag.
nesia, alumina, silica, the four aOids (car-
bOnic, sulPhuric. phosphoric and hydro
chloric), aud the oxides Of iron.
!! We regret the necessity Of using 50 many
scientific termi which none but the student
Of chemistry eau fully comprehend. Oar
apology is, every farmer should become scien-
tito, oil labor should be educated, that tho
tillCrs Of the soil may not waste their strength,
but reap abundant harvests. Every farmer
should know where these elements that feed
the plant come from, aud how they can be
produced and applied. He should know
that potash is supplied iu great abundance,
BY fresh ashes that soda, magncsia, and
and chlorine abound in common salt, aud
exist in lime and ashes; that silica is ex-
tracted from the crumbling rock /; that phOs-
phOric acid is found largely in guauo
that carbonie acid and ammonia are the pro
duct of dscaying vegetables and animals
and il also results from the combustion Of
burning wood aud burning food, in the chin
neY, or in the lungs
Now let us see how such knowledge cal
be made useful to the farmer. He wants e
raise a good crop of potatoes. II intelligent
he knows that the potato consists chiefly Of
sulphuric acid, lime maguesia, slick anC
iron. 1t must follow, therefore, that al
these elements must be 10 the soil when b.
plants his field, or no will lose the crop. L
not there when he plows he must apply
such manure as contains them. This is
matter Of common sense. If ignorant Q
science, the farmer works in the dark, is Ii
able to misapply his labor aud lose all.
! Now plants require cer.sin kinds Of food
there can be no substitute. For instance,
J kernel Of wheat cannot be developed with
, out phOsphoric acid and ammonia; the stall
must have slick to give il strength and stiff
ness. Apply phosphate of lime to the worn
9 out field, and the yield will be greatly 10
4 creased. Clover, pCas and beans are fond Q
, lime, and hence should be fed with gypsum
Berries are hungry for potash and hence the.
climb the crumbing stone wall, orspriug up Q
5 burnt ground. But enough of scientific fact
!. for once. If we could induce our youn
farmers by this allnsion to All important sui
' ject, to spend their rainy days and long wit
! ter evenings in reading aud study of pract
e cal books on chemistry, our efforts would !
d amply rewarded. All may become sciO
9 ti6c farmers, if they are willing to make Ii
a necessary effort.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10
Rr.ghtoA CnfiIe .Mnrkef.

From the Boston Evening Journal Of Wednesday,
Al market for the current week-Cattle 2927 sheep
and lambs s735 swine 1885, number Of western cattle
2i75, eastern ~ nch COWS and northern cattle as
Prices Of beef cattle v 100 ibs livs weght-Extra
quality Gl2i D75Oi first quality S6.62l D7OOi second
quality S62I 1850; third quality si.75d5.75; poor
est grades Of coarse oxen, bulls &c, - 25a0i62l,
Brighton hides SO v b Brighton tallow7m7lc Y h.
Country hides 6lD7lc n country talow 5aI6c y 3D.
Mall skins l4Gl5c v NJ, sheep skins 81 iDl.5D lamb
skins 81 % each.
The suppy Of cattle for the week has been larger
than that Of last week, and the quality upon
age not much different. The trade not lively
u was week ago, and prices upon all grades fell
on from laplc Y N from our last quotations.
Working Oxvn-Tho trade for working oxen has not
been very active OF late IL being late In the
There hut few pairs in market for sale this week
Mich Cows-Extra Sj5d95 ordinary SljGjh; store
Si96i5 v head. Most Of the offered Ia mar
ket are OF a common grade. Good cows sell we'll at
lair prices.
Store Cattle-Yearngs sll 1Dl6, two year.olds s6G
"a three yearOds f95DI5. Prices Tor small cattle de-
pend much upon their value for beef.
Sheep and Lambs From the West the supply was
light, custing from q dpalc Y H. From Maine there
was a small supply, which cost from u aD6i, h.
From the North the supply was anout the same IN
number as that week ago trade quick for best
IOtd, prices ranging from i66ic 10.
Swine-StOre pigs, Wholesale g0llAc h retail
lol@lae Fat hogs 200 in market prices s@sic h,
live weight.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10


Our readers have noticed the prospectus
of the Springfield Republican in our columns.
This paper has long occupied an important
position and acted an important part in New
England journalism. The weekly is nearly
half century old, and for thirty years the
daily its legitimate offspring, has occupied
the field, under the management of its able
editor. Mr. Samuel BOwles. 1t has gained a
national prestige as 6rst.class journal Of
news, criticism, politics, literature and social
science and art, aud is alive to all the i'm
portaut subjects that az itate the public mind.
Many admire its independence aud fidelity
to its own convictions, and will prefer it to
any other paper, on this account.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

The able report Of Gen John Eaton, Jr,
United States commissioner Of education at
Washington, is upon our table. From it
we learn that the total school population Of
the states and territories is 1885, $50; CO.
rolled in the public schools, S,090,OSl /;
average daily attendance, only 4,522,567
Here comes in the necessity for compulsory
education. The nation, dependent as it is
upon the education Of the people for its own
preservation, can save itself in no other way
The total number of teachers is $4,000.
The total income Of public schools for the
whole country is $50, lbS,905, of which
sS1, 277 ,6S6 is for the states, and 1881 ,219
for the territories.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10


The difference in cost Is very small
whether We feed the COW with hay and grass
only, or with fodder aud grain. For exam
pie One acre OfgOOd grass will feed the
COW for the winter. That same acre planted
With corn aud properly cultivated, will not
only furnish that COW with winter fodder,
but with meal sufficient to give us a good
flow Of milk the entire milking season. bu,
the hay alone will do little more than to sus-
tain animal life. Feed is more important than
breed, as applied to cows, though breed il
important. We must seek the comfort Of
the COW in everything il we expect her Il
yield us great profit.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

The Boston Morning Journal is found on
every railroad train, at every depot, and at
every postOfficS throughout New England,
and is read by the masses outside the cities,
perhaps more than any other Boston daily.
If this statement needs qualification we
need proof Of the fact, as we have never
heard it contradicted. The Journal is en-
phatically reliable newspaper. 1t aims to
publish the freshest current news, as spe.
cialty. And we have yet to learn that any
important occurrence, Of any day land up to
late hOur) in all New England, ever fails
to appear IN the next mornings issue. No
wonder that everybody wants the Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

Mr. james f. Tyson, merchant and gen.
tleman Of Baltimore, has found a curious
relic of Free Masonry. of great anti putty,
in the ruins Of the temple of COum- Omnibus
in Egypt. 1t is believed that this imple-
ment of the craft was used in the erection of
this famous temple more than four thousand
years agO-AbOut four hundred years before
the birth of Moses. Mr. Tyson, though not
a member of the Order, has presented this
relic to the grand lodge Of MAsOns 10 Mary.
land. Egypt, we know, is claimed to be
the birthplace Of Masonry.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1875-12-10

daughter, against the wishes Of her parents,
married well-to-do young farmer that she
eventually became insane and committed
suicide"
We fail 10 see sufficient cause for insanity
aud suicide in the fact Of a young lady's
marrying swell .to.do-farmer, II she loved
him, but we will here mark the folly and
wrong on the part Of parents, to attempt
to dictate and control their daughters in a
matter which they alone have power to set
tie. Lot those daughters be properly in.
structed and then let them choose for them
selves their companions for life.