davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13
FARMING WITHOUT MANURE.

A correspondent, D. S. Curtiss, writes
to the MARYLAND FARMER:
In reading reports in various British
Periodicals, | find the following state
ments, which may be interesting to the
readers of the FARMER who are trou-
bled to get manure-at all times
Mr.. Prout, an English farmer, cult
waited, for many years, farm of $50
acres.
He states that for thirteen years sue
cessively, he cultivated his fields, taking
off crop every year, of either wheat,
oats, grass, or roots, without applying
any kind of manure or fertilizer, obtain
ing full and profitable crops, and with
out eXhausting or deterorating his land.
He did it by thorough and constant
culture-thorough underdraining-deep
blowing, and frequent cultivating and
narrowing, so as to keep the soil fine,
loose, and porous, in order that the air
could freely and continually penetrate
and circulate through it and also, that
moisture could be absorbed when need
ed, and excess of water pass off. He
says his crops have netted him, above
all costs, during all that time, year after
year, profit, ranging from $5l to $50
per acre ; twelve to fifteen inches depth
of blowing did it.
Another English farmer Mr.. Middle
ditch, cultivated the same land for many
years. after being deeply underdrained
and deeply plowed, with steam tackle,
and frequent narrowing, all at cost of
about $37 per acre, without any ma
nure, and no diminution of products,
and derived large and notable profits,
every year. Deep blowing and fire.
quent stirring the soil is what he claims
did it.
Several other cases, of similar prac-
tice and results are named. showing cul-
tivation better than manure
These statements are worthy of care
full consideration by those interested,
coming from authenticated sources
English Papers. Liebig says on this
subject: "The frequent supply and
oxygen into the soil, by frequent plow-
ing and stirring it, favors decay and
disintegrations, and thereby fertility is
secured"
In a soil to which air has little or
no access organic matters do not decay
and dissolve, and fertility is prevented !;
for such decay can only take place from
free and frequent supply of air and oxy-
gen"
The same causes are necessary to
produce dissolution of mineral matters
in the soil
Thus, it is easily seen how, that deep
thorough, and frequent stirring and
blowing, to admit air and moisture, will
continually promote fertility and pro-
ductiveness in the soil.
Appropos, this subject, the MARK
LANE EXPRESS says, 1.-THE average yield
of wheat per acre, of Alderman Mechi's
farm is sc bushels; and that the aver
age yield in England is % bushels per
acre." yet in our country, the average
is less than half that yield. Let our
farmers ponder and improve-rise to-
ward the above profitable standard
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

THE ENGLISH WALNUT.-Among the
fruits seldom seen in Maryland, and vet
particularly well adapted to its climate,
is the English walnut or Madeira nut
We have seen it in the Northern part
of the State, in one or two instances
bearing so freel y as to yield ten or
twelve bushels a year-and these trees
evidently not in their prime. The own
or of one of these trees told us he got
easily $3.50 per bushel for them, and
could probably get more if he tried
In this State we believe there would
hardly be year wien they would not
produce fruit, which seems not to be the
case further North A PENNSYLVANIA
friend once told the writer that there it
only fruited on an average about every
three years. If one can get, say $50
year from single tree, and tolerablv
regular at that, it is tolerably good
thing to have.
The tree is very easily satisfied in it's
conditions of growth Any rich garden
soil suits it. For few years from seed,
the upper portion of the branches does
not seem to mature, and are killed in
the Winter; but after five or six years,
there is no further trouble of this kind.
1t is an excellent tree to plant in odd
corners and waste places, and many a
spot on ones ground, nothing but an
eye sore or receptacle for rubbish, may
be made profitable and beautiful bv
sticking in an English walnut tree
Many dc not plant these things, for fear
they may not see them bear fruit. The
walnut does not bear freely under II or
10 years, but it costs little to plant
and then one may live to enjoy the
fruit,-at any rate there is a pleasure in
seeing them grow.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13
CALVES.

The best heifer calves should be Sc
lected to replenish the dairy Male
calves should be castrated when week
old. There is never any trouble with
them at this age. Calves to be raised,
should be we'll fed from the first, and
never allowed to go back. Treat them
kindly.
SHEEP ANE LAMBS.
Provide separate pens for lambing
ewes. Lambs should be locked when o
few days old. Draw back the skin, and
clip the tail with a pair of sheep shears,
1t is done in an instant, and the young
animal feels but little pain Lambs
intended for wethers, should be castrated
at the same time. AT less then week
old we have simply clipped off the
scrotum with the shears, without losing
single lamb. These operations are
easier in every way if done early Great
watchfulness should be exercised over
the flock at this season.
sUNDRY MATTERS.
As soon as the snow melts, take
SShiSiui iooN ONSl tuC H. Vic Cdl
not fail to find some things that need to
be attended to. A supply of bran and
flax seed should be kept on hand, so
that there will be no time lost when
they are needed in a hurry for sick
animal. Keep also small quantity of
ground Ginger, Sulphur, Epson Salts,
and Compound Tincture of Benzoin, in
a safe but handy place These are all
the medicines farmer needs to keep
for his animals, if he is only careful to
use precautions against sickness and
accidents. Repair harness. Procure
stone boat for moving plows, harrows,
and seed. Remove the old heavy shoes
from the horses feet, and replace them
with low shoes without calks, or with
the "Goodenough" shoes. Feed all
animals well and literally, and rid the
stock of all vermin. Keep all the work
well advanced, and then there will
never be occasion to do anything in a
hurry, and so lose time
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13
KITCHEN GARDEN.

Whether one has his garden in Geor-
gia or in Canada, he needs hot bed,
one only will do for private garden,
while the trucker" needs rows Of
these and frames. Most plants require
about six weeks from the sowing of the
seed until the time they are large
enough to set in the open ground, and
this will serve as general rule, though
not an absolute one. If one wishes
very early tomatoes, he takes his plants
from the hot bed, where they were
sown, and transplants them to another
hot bed and so with some others. A
position for hot beds should be selected
where there is ample shelter on the
north and west sides; also see that
they are not placed near buildings which
harbor mice, as thse pests often destroy
an entire sowing of seeds The frames
should be IS inches high at the back,
and II inches in front, and wide enough
TO hold the sash, which is usually 6x3
feet; the length of the frame must be
governed by the quantity of seeds to
be sown. Frames made of inch and
ahalf chestnut plank put together with
hooks at the corners, are more durable,
and can be stored in small space
when not in use. Where early hot
beds are made, they often require, what
is called, lining" or the application of
fresh manure to the outside to keep up
the heat
COLD FRAMES
in which cabbage and lettuce plants
are kept over Winter, require air every
day when the weather is not freezing.
During storms the snow may be left on
the sashes few days without injury to
the plants. In very cold nights the
sashes must be covered with mats or
shutters
Whatever seeds are not grown at
home, should be ordered from some
reliable seed house, and the sooner this
selection is made, the more likely the
desired varieties can be had. When
left until just before sowing time, there
is liability of not getting what is
ordered, as the rarer sorts are usually
the ones first sought. The postal laws
allow seeds to be sent by mail at very
cheap rates, and there is no necessity
for planting an inferior kind Never
rely for the main crop upon any novelty,
no matter how glowing the catalogue
description may be, success may attend
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

such course, but in nine eases out of
ten, it will be otherwise When seeds
are raised at home they ought to be
kept in cool, dry room, where mice
will not get at them Such seeds as
beet, carrot, parsnip, and others, may
be readily raised in the garden, if care
is taken to select only the earliest and
finest formed roots as seed bearers.
Seeds Of cucumbers, squashes, and
melons of all sorts are so liable to mix
that home-raised seed cannot often be
relied upon.
Turn the heap when too hot, to pre-
vent burning, and to make the manure
fine. Sods, muck, and whatever other
material is at hand, should he compost
ed in heap. Save all house slops and
whatever can be turned into manure
For garden purposes, manure that has
lain year is best, but as this can sell
dom be had, every means must be taken
to get it into fine state so that it's ac-
ton may be quick and effective. The
refuse of many kinds of factories and
mills can be utilized.
TOOLS
must be put in proper order so that the
men will not be delayed when work be-
gins. Duplicates of all the smaller
tools should be provined in case of
breakage, and also for extra hands
which may be employed occasionally.
Have all stell points free from rust, and
the wood thoroughly coated with crude
petroleum. Mark all your tools
VEGETABLES
stored in the cellar must be looked after,
and if the weather is mild, the doors
and windows opened during the middle
of the day. A ventilator ought to be
provided for every root cellar; it may
be six to ten inches square, made of
pine or hemlock boards; place in one
corner of the building, having the exit
under the caves where snow and rain
will not enter; this ventilator will take
away the disagreeable exhalations. A
wooden slide may be provided to shut
and open the ventilator
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13
Meetings Of County Commissioners.

TIME ocular meetings of the County Commissioner
i will be held the second TUESDAY of every
month.
Persons having claims against the County, will please
file the sams in the COMMISSIONER Office with legal
voucher; account will lie allowed not properly
chargeablo 10 the
Collectors and others having accounts 10 be stated
settled will apply the Clerk during the tbs
Board. By Order
]. F. VANARSDALR. Clerk
Con.miS ~ouers Of Ce,il Comfy.
Ra II R--y
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

As the work season approaches, the
feed should be gradually increased
Sudden changes are dangerous. Feed
only coarsely ground or chopped" grain
Corn ears ground, Corn and cob to-
gether), are not fit food for horses. The
coarse indigestible pieces of cob will irri-
tate the intestines. Only the most diges-
tible food should be given. A quart Of
linseed cake meal in the feed twice a
day, for week or two, will be useful
laxative at this season, and help the
shedding of the coat. Don't spare the
currycomb.
COWS
Incoming cows need close attention
1t is well to have large stall in a sep
arate building, in which each one may
be kept loose until she has calved This
will prevent danger to both COW and
calf, and trouble with the other cows,
which are apt to be restless, and lose
milk upon such occasions.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

If full supply of seed has not been
procured, no time should be lost. To
lose a week or two at seed time, because
seedsmen are crowded, or to go without
scarce seeds because the stock is ex-
hausted, is loss of money The best,
freshest, and CLEANEsT seed only should
be used This kind costs more, but is
much cheaper then poor foul seed. A
change of seed is desirable, especially of
such grain as peas, oats, or wheat, which
are attacked with weevil, or deteriorate
in weight in our warm climate. These
seeds should be procured from more
northern localities.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

In blowing one may make more
haste" but get less speed" Noplow
should be put into ground that is wet,
or when the soil sticks to bright steel
mold-board If water is seen in the
furrow, blowing should be stopped, al
though the surface may seem dry. The
nearer blowing and seeding can be
brought together, the better will it be
for the crop. 1t will be better to run
two plows by and by, than begin a
day too soon. There is plenty of work
to do before one begins to plow
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13
;Mshs Harta.
HINTS ABOUT WORK.

The following hints about Spring
work from the AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
IsT, and will be found timely and valua-
BILE. We advise every farmer to study
carefully and practice them
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

must be examined, lest they become
choked and water remain upon the crops
Stagnant water is injurious not only to
all vegetation, but much benefit may be
gained by turning the spring wash from
roads on to meadows or pastures, and
causing it to spread as much as pos
sible.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13

WASTE OF HOME REsoURCEs.-A
correspondent of the SOUTHERN FARM
AND HOME speaking of the cXtrava-
giant use of commercial fertilizers to
the neglect of home manures, states
that in recent journey of some extent
through the South he found the panta-
ton outhouses crammed with fertilizers.
In very few instances these were
bought for cash at $50 to $40 per ton,
with heavy OUTLAWS, but in the majority
of cases the purchases were on time,
with the addition of 20 per cent to cash
prices, payment being secured by a
factors acceptance, for which charge
was made Of about 2 per cent per
month, the factor receiving lien Oh
crops, stock, &c. Yet at these planta-
tions no effort was made to save home
made manure the stable manure which,
if properly cared for, would have equal
ed several tons of the chemical fertil-
izers in value, was left uncovered and
exposed to the washing of rain till
rendered almost worthless.
A New England gentleman writes
that during the Summer of 1871 he
visited the towns in his vicinity for the
purpose Of observing the current meth
DDS of farm management. He found
that on large number of the farms
manurial liquids were wholly wasted
More than one-half of the barns were
without cellars, and the manure was
thrown from their windows into the
open yard, where it lay exposed to
rains, causing rapid decay of the lower
boards and stills Of the barn, and losing
very large proportion of its valuable
elements. Yet farmers guilty of this
waste were buying superphosphatc at
$50 per ton.
The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1875-03-13
MEDItlN4L,
Ayers Cathartic Pills

~ n For the relief and
E0 of all derange-
Eaents in the stom-
ach, liver, and bow
<@A els. They are mild
~ y.Z~rSA aperient, and
s.QA ~ excellent purgative.
Being purely vege.
HSM GlSs5 mercury min
E% 49, eral whatever. Much
<ahaf* serious sickness ara
~ W. suffering is prevent
ed by their timely
use; and every family should have them on hand
for their protection and relief, when required.
Long exp"rience has proved them TO be the sni-
The m1rket abounds. By their occasional u,c.
tn, blood ia purified, the corruptions of the sys-
TEN expelled. distractions removed. and tho
whole machinery of life restored to its healthy
activity. Internal organs which become clogged
AMI sluggish are e!eansed by 4yer;s Pills; and
stimulated into acton THUS lrelpiGnt disease
when IeckoHcl on the vast mutitudes who enjoy
II, can hardly lie computed Their sugar coating
makes them pleasant to take and preserves their
virtues unrlpaired for any length of time so
that they fresh, and perfectly reliable.
Although searching they are mild, and operate
occupation.
Full directions are given on the wrapper to
each box, how TO use them as Family Physic,
and for the following complaints, which these
Pills rapidly cure:-
For Dyspepsia or Indigestion, Listless-
should be taken moderately to stimulate the stom-
ach, and restore its healthy tone and action.
For Liver Complaint and its various symp-
toms, Bilious Headache, Sick Head
ncIc ,Jaun:iicc Green Sickness, Bill
Ious Cello and Bilious Feycrs, they should
be judiciousy taken for each case, 10 correct tho
diseased action or remove the distractions which
cause it.
For Dyscntc-y or Diarrhon, but ono
mild dose is generally required.
For rheumatism, Gout, Gravel, Pal
pitatiOu of tho Heart, Pain in tho
Side, Back, and Loins, they should be contin-
uously taken, Us required. to change the diseased
action of the system. With such change those
complaints disappear
For Dropsy and Dropsical Swellings,
they should lie taken i'll large and frequent doses
70 produce the effect Of drastic purge.
For Suppression, large dose should DO
taken as it produces the desired effect by SYM
pathy.
Asa Dinner PHI. take one or two Pits to
promote digestion and relieve the stomach
An occasional dose stimulates the stomach and
bowels, restores the appetite, and invigoratcs the
Frstcrl l!,rcc it i; often advantageous where
no serious d"fHN cement exists. One who feels
teicriE'y wei. oiicn finds that dose of these
Pi!Is makes him feel decidedly better, from their
cleansing and renoyating effect on the digestive
apparatus.
PREPARED Br
Dr. IT, c. lfI-TJ: C CO., Practical Chem lists,
LGEEEL. HISS, L. s. 4.
To8 SAL" ~ All. !EUCClScS EVERYWHERE
Jan l6, lS75-ly
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1875-11-11

kept his tongse still. except in tho effort
10 Tie those Of others ready 10 cry out
ngninst him, did he lind that godly peace
which he now announces as the assured
reward OF future sileuoe7 Was he not
then cast down, distraught, trembling
with anxiety, sleepless. full OF tenrs and
selfreproaches, and like one walking on
the verge Of II yawnnR pitt
As we read the volume Of his letters de-
scr1biny the anguish of those years, we see
few CLEANS Of hopc In his heart, aud those
wv due To the faucicd success Of ms friend
Mo,uroN's efforts To tio up the storm The
policy 81 silence was in those days sad
failure 40 far ~ securing peace of soul TO
tho plymouth pastor was concerned. IL
proved la the end also al Intellectual means
of wing up the storm, for that unally burst
upon INN relunteseiy.
II was then when he nj last decided 60
defy his uccusers that he began to grow
happy. We all remember how during the
trial he declared that ne was tho happiest
uau i'm America. While his counsel were
reviling his enemies he slept the sleep of
peace. He gave pulpit autobiogruplncs of
himself fully rs AFFECT ng ma that of last
Sunday, and described his Christian state
then a. now M in the highest degree ex-
allied. lie enjoyed himself in tho court
room famousiy, said his appetite was never
better, prayed with unusual forvor, and
preached with great joy aud acceptance.
AZ the White Mountains no qualms of con
science about having answered TILroN
and MoULroN seemed To disturb him. He
was the Eayest of the gay. lie came back
To Brooklyn in nue condition, and has
since been the life of many "A joviai PARTY.
This was while he was answering and
after he had answered. On tho other
hand, while he was silent he was dos
perate. Yet he proposes 10 again relapse
into silence. Il It not u little strange that
he was silent before when hc was trying
to evade inquiry. and becomes silent again
now when hc h. threatened with new
inquiry But if lie was so miserable then,
may he not renew the misery nowf Or
has he tested his people To mud that the
| fear he formerly hId thai thoy would not
stand by him in any straits aud even in the
clear proof of his guilt, was grOundless
and himself 20 discover that his own
fear that he would he unequal TO the sur
mounting Of the tremendous difficulties In
his path was equally unoali,d fort He
has found that lie undo Sutcd the q edu-
bty of hrs pari's;lDs ami his own capacity
| to face out ~ vale charge. So this tune h"
will probably endure the policy of silenn,
better than before.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1875-11-11

This class tcation brings the result down
" very narrow margin. Democrats and
Republican, Will alike protest against 1t;
the former because it gives sush States AZ
Pennsylvania and Ohio to the r. pupl =
cans, and the latter becnus" IL as gins to
them nOLe Of the old slavehOlding States
except South Carolina and Louisiana. But
though We think the rules on which We
have constructed these tables are n sound
and Impartial ~ the case affords, we do
not place implicit reliance upon them, and
especially not When we contemplate the
great political changes OF the past twelve
months, ana remember that another twelve
months will intervene before the Preaiden-
dial election.
No doubt the next campaign will be
largely influenced by the character of the
oandidates. The elections Of this year
have made a terrible slaughter of aspir-
aats, aud We fancy that the name at the
head OF each ticket Will turn out 10 be one
not now much spoken OF. AT all events,
according TO the precedents, the man who
IL successful nj the ballot boxes il pretty
snre not 10 be one whose prctensions have
been bawkcd around the country, but
some fresh, unObiectionable, inspiring
pane that may be taken beforehand as in
some sort presaglng victory.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1875-11-11
The Recent Elections aud the Next
presideut.

Tho elections this fall have opened mn in
tercsting ri aptcr Of probabilities in regard
b. tho great contest of next year; and
many of orr cont mpo raries are trying TO
peer into The future through The uncertain
and varying lights shed by the results OF
this years campaign.
Undoubtedly the recent elections have
thrown som, thing ike n cloud over the
aeld that sec med 70 clear for tho success
OF tho u, mocracy IA 1876. after their brl-
hnnt victories of 1874. Tut no political
calculations for the future are Of much
value unless based on the well-sottlod de-
terminati, M of the past. Let as see. then.
what the aspect of affairs IN when tested
by this standard
The ten States which have voted for
general u, kcts this autumn, and which
voted for |. Ike tickets last fall, afford means
Tor making valuable comparisons in re-
gard TO the political changes of the past
year; and they give us data for ascertain
arg what would have been the result had
all the States OF the Union now held cleo
tons. Aud from these comparisons We
may be able to make "a pretty good guoss
nothing morc--as 10 what is likely to
happen in the coming Presidential cam
paign.
The ten States 10 which we refer ne
having held general elections his fall are
Maine, Ma sachuscIts, New York, Peunsyl-
ysnia, Maryland, OHIO, Iowa, Nebraska,
Wisconsin, aud Minnesota. As compared
with the results lat tall, the Democrats IN
the elections ~ this present year have suf-
feI Ell III these ten States an aggregate luss.
according To the latest returns, of u2,Oo0
votes. These ten : ntes elect III members
OF Congress. The loss just spoken OF Is an
average, there ore, OF 10 votes on each
member of Congress.
Now. supp SO all the States had held
electious this fall, and the Democracy bad
Suffered n lose in each like that which they
have encouni cred in the ten States bow
would the matter ,tandf In applying the
test We have set up we WI exempt from
Its operation few States, such n Cili!or-
nia and Now Jersey, for example, where
recent elections afford better proof of
their present position than any theory can
furnish. The following tables are framed
on the basis we have laid down. We
give I'm each instun - the electoral vote of
tho State, and of course we include the
ten States above mentioned: