davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26
The Use Of Silent Letters Defended.

One who signs himself IN H" writes
to the New York Tribune, in response to
another correspondent, defending the use
of the silent letters in our language. He
says:
Now protest against this and desire
to lift up my voice to defend these silent
letters against an assassin who would not
only ruthlessly murder his mother-tongue
but would at the same time bury from
sight the records Of her birth, the volumes
of history, the evidence of mOralrevolu-
tons and political changes contained in
her silent letters. History is not merely
the ghost of the past, it is also the guard
ian of the present and the future. These
letters which contain SO much of history
are not stupidity, stolidly silent They
live to the eye il not to the ear. They talk
to US as do the trees, the flowers, the
sky, the hills. Take, for instance, the
word chorus, which occurs in the first
sentence of the editorial referred to. The
initial sound is represented by the English
letter 'k,' and if the only object to be
characters were the representation of
sounds then might chorus begin with a
sk' and one of the 337 silent letters be
summarily disposed Of. Of what use are
the two letters? They link the word in
dissolubly to its parent, the Greek Chores,
and as the eye rests upon 1t there flashes
upon the mind a vision Of the ancient
Athenian theater, free to every citizen of
that proud city, crowded to its utmost
limit with eager listeners and spectators.
As if by magic there floats to the ear an
echo of the rhythmic measures of Soph-
ocles and Euripides, and the music of
feet moving in time to the exquisite har-
mony of the verse. Then come thoughts
of the manifold changes since that ancient
time, with feelings of thankfulness that
we have been permitted to inherit por-
ton of the wealth of the Greek language.
Who shall say that these letters are stol-
idly silent! They are not so but to him
who willfully closes the mind to the sto-
ries they would fain tell and the lessons of
history they would fain proclaim. We
would recommend economy of time, of
space, of money. The measure of econ
omy we do not attempt to discuss, but
venture upon the assertion that it will not
pay even Americans to sacrifice the En-
glish language for the sake of speed or
space"
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

JoHNsoN's Anodyne Liniment may be used
TO advantage where any Liniment is desira-
bic. In cases of severe cramps and pains in
the stomach it is undoubtedly the best arti-
Gle that can be used internally.
HABITUAL constipation leads to the follow
ing results: Inflammation of the kidneys,
sick and nervous headache, biliousness, dys-
pepsa, indigestion, piles, loss of appetite
ard strength; all of which may be avoided by
being regular in your habits. and taking, say,
one of Parsons PargatiOe ILLS nightly fol-
four or six weeks.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

A writer In the Cleveland Herald says
The names of the lakes seem to be de-
termincd in spite Of effort, and are gener-
ally Indian names. The first discoverer of
Ontario called it "St. Louis :" the after
early French called it Frontenac," after
the Governor, who was not unwilling to
be complimented, but it was after " onta-
no or Frontenac. % The English, as they
first claimed dominion, called it % Katara-
kui, or Ontario" (Washington's journaD /;
Mitchell, Ontario or Catarakui;" and
Pownall the same; but the name Ontario
was always used
Huron was named from the unfortunate
tribe ON ito shores when it was first dis
covered, "des Hurons," of the Hurons.
From Romans, 1706. and De L'Isle, 1929,
It received the alias of Michigan :" Hem
It !" huron, or Karegnondi - Washington's
journal in 1754, "Ouatoghi, or Huron. +"
No one Of the lakes so uniformly received
The same name.
Lake Michigan, persistently called at
first t" Illinois, /" was called in 1719 +" Mich
igan," by Sener, In TIA, by Charlevoix,
and II continued generally after this to
have that name.
Superior, called by Champlain, its first
topographer, "Grand Lac" was named
by the Jesuits in their wonderful map
racy, or superior" Called by the
English Sener In 1919 and Coke in 1721,
as an alias, after the Nadoussians
(6ioux) on its shore, it uniformly had from
the time Of the Jesuitmap its present name,
with occasionally in early maps the name
Lake Erie received its name from the
Erics ON its bank, and uniformly had that
name. Tho tribe was otherwise called
the Cat nation, whence the lake had some
times the alias of "the Cat" "Felis, -
Du Chat - sener in 1910 called Il also
"Cadsragua, the name sometimes given
70 Ontario. Washington's journal,
Mitchell and Pownall called IL also Oks-
wego.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

If it rains, and you have no UNI
brella with you, walk fiercely up 70 the
first man you meet carrying one and tell
him: "Give me my umbrella. Where
did you get itf" He will hand it over
ut once This is umbrella bupko.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

Miss VAN buren,, a Detroit school
teacher, recently took a dose of camphor
just before starting to school, which had
the effect to make her temporarily insane
She was missing for nearly two days, and
when found she was at a railroad station
eleven miles from the city. She had
walked the whole distance, and her
clothing was much sofled and torn. she
was In her right mind when found, but
could not account for her strange freak
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

CARDINAL MANNING, In q recent letter,
puts his foot down mus forcibly upon
vivisection: cannot pretend to estimate
have no need of any such refinements to
enable me to say that the infection Of
physical pain without just cause is an abuse
of the dominion that God has given to
man over the lower creatures. 1t is law
full to take their life for the food of man !;
but it is not lawful, even for this just and
necessary purpose, to take their life by
needless pain. To inf1ict the exquisite
and prolonged torments described by
those who have been present at vivisection
can, in my belief, be brought under no
moral law nor under any right possessed
by man over any of his fellow creatures. !"
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

FACTS WORTH KNowING.-The Wilson
shuttle sewing machine is to-day the SIM
plest, most perfect, most easy operated, best
made, most durable, and in every way most
is sold fifteen dollars less than all other first
class machines. Machines will be delivered
at any railroad station in this county, free
of transportation charges, if ordered through
street, Chicago. They send an elegant cata-
logue and chrome circular free on applica-
ton. This company want few more good
agents.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

ONE of a party of Americans visiting
the City of Mexico makes this pleasant
mention of the valuable services of an
amateur linguist: "Gen. Harris, for in
stance, who volunteered to interpret for US,
found little or no difficulty. The first time
he ordered an omelette the hombre brought
him frijoles-a peculiar preparation Of
black peas; after that, under the impulse
of renewed orders, the distracted native
produced in quick succession a rocking
chair, soap and water, chocolate and ba-
nanas. But we soon reached an under
standing, and after that when the General
called for omelette we knew we were 60
ing to get carriage. II answered just as
well, you know"
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

WILHoFT's Tonic is not panatH:t--is not
a cure for everything, but is a cathoicon for
malarious diseases, and day By day adds
fresh laurcls to its crown of glorious success.
shady banks of our lakes and rivers, are
restored 10 their healthy and normal sccre-
tions. Health and yigor follow its use and
Chills have taken their departure from every
household where Wilhoft's Anti-Periodic is
kept and taken. Don't fail to try it. WHEE-
LOCK, FINJAY & Co., Proprietors, New
Orleans.
EnR SALE RY ALI. DRIrGGISTS
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26
Children's Gardens.

l wish every mother in the country
knew the great satisfaction to be derived
from the little plots of land the children
cultivate as their own. No matter how
small, it has a peculiar charm, and it's
mixed and incongruous planting often
yields astonishing results. No radishes
SO crisp as those your little son will lay
beside your plate, the reward for his toll
and care. No flowers SO beautiful as
those your loving daughter brings in
some bright spring morning, nurIured
and tended by her own hands. The
earliest hepatica of the woods grows
serenely in the shadow of Mays tree"
and wild violets flourish in Annie's gen
tie care.
In our home each child has a plot of
ground and an apple tree, the fruit of
which, always fair and beautiful, is
shared generously and the surplus sold
for pocket money. Sometimes an early
melon finds its way to our table from the
garden of one of our industrious boys,
and is praised and appreciated as re-
ward for his labor. Little two-year-old
has a garden too, and while we try to
teach him not to pull up the happy fam
lily of flowers and vegetables that thrive
there we delight in his glad murmur as
summer sunshine, saying, MY gardee,
my gardee," and taking whole potato
from thaaellar, where his restless feet
often wander, he plants it just deep
enough for the hens to pick out, aud
nothing daunted sows a handful of peas
over it. But as he grows older he will
learn that this is not the road to success,
and try to copy the care and vigilance
displayed by his elders. Even Baby
Hope" has a little circle filled with sweet
wild flowers brought from the woods this
spring, "to be ready when she can
gather them," the children say-and our
eager young botanists are ever ready to
search for a new flower to transplant in
to Hopes garden" By such innocent
pleasures is home made happy and beau
tified-C0r. Rural Neao Yorker.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26


STATISTICS SHOW that of the thousands
who die annually large proportion are
destroyed, not by old age, or by the natu-
temperance, or disregard, either on the
part of the sufferer or his parents, of the
simplest laws of nature. Such being the
case-and figures cannot misSepresent facts
the conclusion is that, were the causes of
incompetence, its kindred vices and dis
regard of natural laws removed, the aver
age length of the human lifetime would
be extended proportionately. What agent
most rapidly, ha'n'tessly and certainly will
eradicate these vices, or the tendency TO
them, is the question, which has been as
thoroughly and persistently agitated as has
the search for the Philosophers stone.
The discovery has been made by DR.. Jo-
seph Walker, whose widely-known VINE
GAR BIrTERs are accomplishing wonders
which the oldfogy doctors never dreamed
of. Try them and judge for yourself, as
thousands are doing all over the country.
90
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

If you can't get good education
and white plug hat get the hat
Washington Herald.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

a WORM which twenty-five years ago
did great damage among the pine forests
OF North Carolina is again destructively
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

GEO. P. RowELL & Co., Al Park Row, New
York, are, without doubt, the leading Adver-
Using Agents of the United States, and,
bsr 81 s an ve naye' ny
money, built themselves up in the esteem of
the leading publishers and advertisers of
the continent, and by an unusual energy
have succeeded in perfectipg in every detail
business that more than anything else tells
Of the growth and Importance of the news
paper busincss.-lNemphis (Tenn.) appeal.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1875-06-26

PRUssING's well-known White Wine Vine
gar received the Worlds Fair premium.
, 1875-08-11
THE DESTRUCTION OF TREES
AND THE FLOODS IN SOUTH.
ERN FRANCE.
Corr. of Tie St. IHonae TIdende.
ERN FRANCE.

In order to form an idea of the causes of the
inundation, it is only necessary to glance at
the physical geography of the Departments 10
which it has occurred. They lie on the north
ern slopes of the PyreneeS and are intersected
by numerous and rapid rivers. of which at leaSs
four uuite to form the Garonne before it
reaches Toulouse.
There has been heavy and continuous rain
over the whole of the mountain range, and .
fall of snow at Luz, where it would directly
swell the head waters of the .Garonne. AT
least a contriUutory cause is furnished by the
great destruction of timber in the district dur.
ing the last century. tr.
Trees not only absorb water largely from
the soil, but they also prevent the surface from
being baked ard hardened from the sun, and
they check the ~rapidity and abruptness with
which rain would otherwise reach the ground.
When it falls unimpeded upon dry and bar
rem hillsides it will run from them almost as
freely as from the slipping roofs of houses, and
a few hours will carry the water of the noun.
tain storm to swell, the volume Of the nearest ri.
yer. 1t is easy to be wise after the event; but
In a district so situated there is great room for
measures of prevention, and the superior au-
thorities, whoever they may be, should be ia.
structed with powers commensurate to the
magnitude, of the recurring evils which, by wise
precautions, they might do much to mitigate or
avert. z" ''9
, 1875-08-11
THE EARTHQUAKE IN SOUTH
AMERICA.
From Tx. TTnes.J

The NeW York Times states that private ad-
vices received by merchants in. that city war,
rant the hope that it will he found that nnk
more than 5000 lives were lost in the earth
quake of the 18th Of May. Among the deaths
is mentioned that of Mr.. f. Casanova, who had
escaped with his whole family, but upon, re,en-
terlng his house to get Some bedcl0thes for his
baby a second shock came on, and he was
killed. 1t is said that he is the only person Of
all who were killed who ia known to have been
decently buried. He was INFERRED In the garden
of his own house by his family, assisted by.&
few friends. Besides the sickness resulting
from exposure to the inclemencies of the Wea-
Their and the night air, there was much suffer.
ing and death among the wounded, owing to
the frequent attacks of lock-jaw peculiar to that
climate, where even the slightest wounds, not.
outstanding the greatest precautions may bs
taken to prevent exposure to cold or rain, often
result fatally from that cause. The losses in
coffee alone have been very great, and it is esti-
mated that from 5000, 0OOlb. to 1000, O00lh.
have been destroyed by fires in the ruins and
by rain. The crop had just been gathered.
4 large quantity of personal property was lost,
as bands of pillagers went through C6cuta
without restriction, carrying off all the valuable
property they could find. The earthquake was
felt at Carthagena, north, and Bogot& and 10.
NADIA, south, extending over a space of about
elk degrees of lath-Le. In C1outa, as we'll as
in Truiillo, Merida, and Mendoza, the tremoF
was very perceptible at intervals for As hours
after the first great shock which caused the
destruction of the city. Among the places
destroyed were the towns of San Antonio, Ell
Rosario, Salazar, San CristObal, San Oayetano0
Santiago, Gramalote, Arboledas, and Cucntillao
, 1875-08-11
BEETRoOT IN HOLsTEIN.

In an official report from Kiel, attention.
is called to the sugar refinery 1of1M. de
Vos Itzehoe, perhaps the largest ID Ger
many. This Gentleman, it is said. has
introduced beetroot culture in thes Mest
of Holstein, in the n~eighbourhood OF Yves
selburren, where he has erected a large
sugar-mill. He bought some farms to
show the farmers the way OF cuftlvatil1g.i
made contracts with other farmers and
convinced them of the advantage oflstch
culture The German beetroot sscrnpithls
season has been large and the quality rtjsh'
New-York tribune., 1875-10-12
THE CINCINNI1I EXPOSITION.
A GREAT NUMBER OF VISITORS PREsENT-PICTUREs
IL THE ART DEPARTMENT.

A GREAT NUMBER OF VISITORS PREsENT-PICTUREs
IL THE ART DEPARTMENT.
IFRoM STAFF CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUNE
CINCINNATI, Oct. 9.-The sixth Cincinnati
Industrial Exposition closes to-day In spite OF the pre-
yaing business depression it has proved successful as
anv Of lis predecessors the display being good in all de-
parments and notably excellent in some. There
nearly $50 900 visitors Next there will be fair
The wooden buildings that have grown up by annual
cretions to meet the increasing requirements OF eXb
itors for space will be removed and fine brick structure
costing will he erected and finished in time for
exposition of 1877 Visitors from the East always
astonished al the magnitude OF these Cincinnati fairs
and are sure go away with hearty admiration OF the
public spirit which sstans them year after year and
has made them established feature OF the commercial
industrial ami he OF the cv Their continued sue
ces long after they ceased to he novelty has induced
the recent enterprises Of like character in ST. Louis Chi
Gao louisville indianapolis and Pittsburgh and the
t yr one on Larger scale i'm York such ex-
hibtons of great value Tor thelr influence III ed
eating the taste and inventive genius of the people and
serve to stimulate business and open new avenues OF
trade. ,,
the displays OF iron and manufactured iron lmuch
the best ever made this country, of machinery In mo-
,nents and of plants and flowers. The Art Department
although not containing a. many masterpieces as last
t,,rp American and foreign artists Heretofore a few
fine pictures have been mingled with throng OF others
galleries the good pictures occupy nearly all the space
The private collections OF Philadelphia, Newlork and
Boston have furnished 0f their choicest treasures
Among American artists represented Bersadt, j. NJ
Hart De Haas. P Moran, suly, Gull, W. T. Richards,
aud Iuness. The gems the foreign pictures are
Corot's twilight" Jules Bretons Interior ~ Caba
ret" Mocho's sOrtic of the Grand Council of Venice.
Never of Brernens Convalescent" and " Last Look at
Home Bouguereau's Arcadia" two Pompcian scenes
by Coomans and a scene in Granada 10y Mariana For
tny There also good specimens OF Nerbocckhoyen
Van Schendcl Zamacos, AndIcas Miller, Hughes Merle
and Of other artists of established fame The
only old picture noticeable Is deicoGSy mellow sunset
scene by Nicolas Berghan. from the BOnapaIe collection
New-York tribune., 1875-10-12
FOREIGN NOTES.

LONDON, Oct. 11.-John Sergio Gaatti, q
merchant doing business at No: Bloomlield,st. Fins
bury, T. c., has failed. His liabilities are S75O00O
MONTREAL, Oct. ia gentleman prOml-
nenty connected with the Guibord states that
day has been appointed for the funeral OF Guibords
mains and that IT is possible II may be deferred for
siderable time
OTTAWA, Oct. 1.-THE Judges of the Su-
premc Court OF Canada, announced in The Oieini 90
:ee. Chef-Juscc. W. T. Richards; Puisne Judges,
s. II. Strong Of Ontario, j. T. Taschereau OF Quebec,
T. Fourier Of Quebec, W A Henry OF Nova Scotia and
Ottawa has been appointed Registrar Of the Court.
The Bishop of Urgel is deemed likely to
trouble TO the Alfonsists as a prisoner in
their hands than he did free partisan OF Don Carlos
t that he is not only bishop, but sovereign aso
and sovereign under the protection of France The
small Republic OF Andorra, among the Pyrenees, which
has been independent since the ninth century under
the jurisdiction of the bishops Of Urge. The
situation OF The country Is somewhat analogous
to THAT has Of an nss while fn The s f s
Andorra has for Prince the Bishop Of Urge Every
the Bishop visits Andora for the double purpose OF ad
miustering confirmation, and arranging, "a Prince any
disputes that have arisen Every three years he
birth The Republic likewise being under the Joint pro
lection OF France and Spa the Bishop Of Urge has SOW
eregn powers which thc fomer rower i rs, y o0and @ TO
pick the French Foreign Minister.
Referring to the presence of Cardinal McClOs-
key in Rome, the correspondent OF The London Times
says: "In addition TO the honor conferred upon the
Catholic Church in the United States by the elevation OF
the Archbishop Of NewYork to the Sacred College the
Cardinal has received official notification from His Em
the Cardinal Secretary Of state that His Holiness
has been pleased 10 appoint him member of four Of the
most important congregationsthose Of the Council Of
the Index, of Bishops and Regulars, and of Rites As
his personal regard the Pope has
Cardinal OF New-York magnificent and costly cushion
which his while kneeing at the iadsool
II is of rich crimson velvet, pcndidly embroidered in
bullion in thick Tclei; AN arabesque design In which
wheat ears mingled. The Cardinal had a narrow
escape days ago from what might have been a
serious accident. While paying some visits in the Via
Giua, accompanied ny MOnsignOr Chatard, the coach
when the on fOrcwhce got lammed under the box the
horses, pair OF spirited blacks became manageable,
and but fortunate breaking Of the pole the
rage would have been overturned. As IL the Card
nal had only suffer the Inconvenience Of sitting in bis
serve for the drive home.
New-York tribune., 1875-10-12
SKETCHES OF TIE CANDIDATES.

John j. Freedman the candidate for the
position of judge OF the Superior Cout has held the
office OF which nc is the present incumbent during the
mast six wears He il about 40 years of age. aud is
garded as repre- resentatIvc German, who has great in
fuence and support from his countrymen. His claims
are strongly urged by many prominent lawyers.
The candidate for Judge of the Court OF
Common Pleas. Frederick W Loew, is. like Judge Freed
man. a candidate for reflection. He is about
a. wears Of age and is brother OF Charles T.. Loew,
who was many years the County Clerk Of This county
Mr. oew to 1 s sSP cSr Of - son sSa 90 the p%ss PG1
was Judge Of the VII District District Civil Crt, Court His
bearing we Oh ,pdnr nT vTn when has sde bs
very well liked by the lawyers who practice in that
inries there during his Of office. Among those
qmmendng him are Iohp Il ra7p5Ti Wi a. a. Nsnaep"@ s
other prominent lawyers.
james p sinnott nominated for Jddge of the Marine
Court is aIawy6r, and about - years old. lie for
several years the law partner Of GOV. Tdcn, and has
been the attorney large number of railroad corpora
tiOD and real estate cases OF prominence lie lesaid'n
as able member of the profession
Frederick A. Stallknecht, also nominated for
Judge the Marine Court il abnn' 30 years of age and
is a member OF the law frn Of stalikncchi Hall 4
McMahon lie was educated al Harvard University and
has been i'm active professional practice nearly
years He has always been highly esteemed by the Ger
mans this and strongly urged Dy them. LIS
reputation an able and trustworthy lawyer has away
been high and he is believed TO be strong candidate
Dclano c. Calvin, the candidate for Surr0-
tc is about 30 years Of age, aud was formerly the law
partuer of ex Lieut. Amen &. Beach. He was for
several years the DsricAtorney of Jefferson County
in th. state and displayed marked ability in that po
g,on While the Tanmany Ring was in power, indnoe
neuts were offered 10 Mr. ta in, 10y Tweed ana o.helH
20 allow his name he used for the position OF Judge o
The supreme Court in the election OF ISL Mr. CALVIN
however refused all their Offers MI Gavin occupies
nigh position the profession, and has beer the fcferc'
in many important cases. He IA ready, hucnt speaker
,ood debarer aud has taken active part IN sewers
campaigns for the Democratic party
James C.. Spencer, the candidate for justice
of the Of General Sessions is abon 4s years o age