davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
Thinning Fruit.

Novices in fruit culture, as well as
large class who believe in allowing tree
ts iniure itself by overbearing never thln
out the young fruit or thin overburdened
trees: but the shrewd orchardist who
knows the road to success by experience,
at this season carefully removes portion
of the smaller specimens, as well as some
of large size, when thickly clustered to-
gether. and by this means actually in
creases the weight of his crop and makes
it more valuable The grower of foreign
grapes. more than any other gardener, is
aware of the advantages TO be derived from
thinning out the branches; he knows well
that they will outweigh those not thinned,
and the berries will swell up to double
the size of their neglected companions.
And so it is with peaches and pears, with
perhaps less need as a general rule. II
does seem akin to sacrilege when we begin
to destroy so many healthy young peaches,
for instance; but we must bear in mind
that if allowed to remain on the tree until
maturity they will not be so healthy and
the tree. unableto bear its burden, may be-
come useless in the future. 1t cannot be
impressed upon readers too strongly to
commence now, and see that none of their
fruit trees are in a condition to injure both
their crop of fruit and themselves by too
heavy task. Relieve them of portion,
for it appeals strongly to your pockets
Josiah Hopes, in ". Y. Tribune.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
The Moon and the Earth.

IMAGINE how breathless the interest
with which We should have awaited each
revelation of the marvellous instruments
which science employs in the work of
lunarian discovery if our satellite had
been inhabited and we could have discov-
cred something like cur own human life.
Unhappily, any such imagination is out
of the question. A place without air
and water, and in which the temperature
passes through range of nearly 700 de-
grees within fortnight must present con-
ditions of which we cannot form any con-
ception. Another popularity which-to
our notions, atleast-would be unpleasant
is supplied by the meteors. Here they are
pretty spectacle; in the moon they can
not be seen, but they must, at times, at
least, keep up a very brisk cannonade.
" As there is no atmosphere" write our
authors, % TO consume the meteors by
frictional heat, or break, by its resistance,
the velocity of their descent, they must
strike the moon with force TO which that
of cannon-ball striking target is feeble
indeed" If these difficulties could be
removed the moon would be most eligi.
BILE place for the observation of astronom.
zeal phenomena for finding out, for in,
stance, all that we are so laboriouslv seek
ing to discover about the sun. The earth,
too, would present spectacle of extraor.
binary beauty.
:" AT this sunset time the earth, nearly in
the zenith of US Che supposed inner spec
tators) will be at its half-illuminated
phase, and even thenit will shed more light
than We receive upon the brightest OF
moonlight nights. A. the night proceeds
the earth's phase will increase through
the gibbous stages until at midnight it
will be full, and our orb will be seen in
its entire beauty. 1t will perform at least
one of its twenty hourly rotations dur.
ing the time that 1t appears quite full (the
night is more than three hundred hours
long, and the whole of its surface features
will in that time pass before the lunar
spectators eye. At times the northern
pole will be turned toward our view. al
times the southern; and its polar ice-caps
will appear as bright, white spots mark.
ing its axis of rotation. The seas would
appear las far as can be inferred) of pale
blue-g green tint, the continents parti-col-
ored, and the tinted spots would vary with
the changing terrestrial seasons. ''-London
Spectator
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
Longevity in PHILADELPHIA.

DURING the first six months of 1875 the
deaths announced in the obituary columns
OF the Philadelphia Ledger of persons who
have lived to or beyond the advanced age
of eighty years numbered sos, of whom
155 were men and 231 women. During
the corresponding year of 1874 the deaths
were similarly recorded of114men and 16S
women, a total of 2S2. The female octo-
genarians outnumbered the males by a
large percentage 4 further analysis
shows that the women who lived beyond
ninety are much more numerous than the
men, while five women and three men ex-
ceeded 100. Of the 100 men who, during
the first six months OF 1919, died at or be-
yond the age of eighty, the following
numbers reached the various ages des-
ignated: Eighty years, twenty-seven per
sons; 81, twelve; 81, seventeen SO. twelve:
81, fifteen; 50, eleven; S6, sixteen. 81,
eight S, six; 50, four, 80, eight; OIL, five;
90, two: SO, three: "a, TWO, e5, one; 90,
one 9S, one: 90. one: 102, two; 10S, one
OF the 231 women who died at or beyond
the age of eighty the following numbers
reached the various ages designated: Ninety
years, rhirty-four persons; 81, twenty-five;
50 twenty-one: So, twenty-five; 81, fifteen !;
s., eighteen: Sc. twelve: IS, fifteen; So
eleven, 90, nine; 81, six; 90, four. %, six !:
OF, four; So, six; 96, one; 81, Two; IS,
three; 90, one; 100, two, I02, one; l05
one.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
Science as a Means of Culture.

THAT science is worthy Of endowment
will be admitted by every one competent
to form an opinion. Yet would remark
at the outset, that the reasons sometimes
advanced by students of science in support
of this proposition are not of the worthiest,
though they may be those best calculated
to secure the alliance of the unscientific.
Even Tyndall has spoken of science as
though its chief value resided in its quail
ity as " a source of individual and national
might" and many have dwelt on its value
as a means of adding to material wealth.
II would he affectation to contemn such
considerations, but assuredly they do moi
present the nobiest qualities of science, the
chief good which science is competent to
work 1t is as potent means of culture
that science is worthiest of its recognition.
The material gain derived from scientific
research has no doubt been great; but it
has been incalculably surpassed in value
by the change which science has worked
and is working in the minds of men. 1t
is, indeed, precisely in this respect that
scientific persons most completely mis,p-
prehend the work which science is doing.
They attach special value to those things
which science is silently but cerfai, ~ dis
placing, They are panied by lie light
which science is pouring On objects that
had seemed venerable so long as their de
fects had been yelled under IT,: gioom of
ignorance. They are appalled, when
science would teach them to displace all
false Royalties by the noblest loyalty of all
loyalty TO the truth But the student of
science can deal with such errors as he
would deal with errors of observation or
with Enthusiastically experiments. He is
not concerned to war against them. To
be angry with them would be as unscien-
tific as to be angry with gravitation The
true teachings of science will be recog-
nized in due time-with results foretold.
1t was predicted that the religion of mercy
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
Cultiyating and Trimming Apple Trees.

For two or three years we have been
trying some experiments on cultivating
and manuring apple trees at different
distances from the trunk. Only gen
eral brief statement can be given here
Trees which stood in grass and had small
circles about them, kept clean and well
cultivated, did not seem to be benefited
even when the space about the tree was
titled eight or ten feet each way with
trees fifteen years Old. The trees ap-
peared with yellow leaves and made slow
growth, the same as those in grass with
no culture. Other trees which stood in
a patch of grass, each tree in the center
of siXteen-foot grass plot, and cult
waited well beyond the grass every way
did apparently as well as those with
clean culture everywhere about them
I (Piling manure close about a large tree
is like trying to feed horse by tying
hay to his sides instead of before his
mOuth.) 1t is too soon to draw conclu-
sions, but it so far seems to be unneces-
sary to cultivate closely to trees to make
them grow well. l know from observa-
ton that most of the best working roots
of an old apple-tree are out under the
ends of the longest limbs and beyond
them. The manuring at different dis
/ tances about the trees has not shown
much effect yet.
| The trees are moderately trimmed
every spring, and young shoots rubbed
off as they appear on the large limbs
| during summer. No limbs are removed
which are more than one inch in dame
ter, unless they have died previously
| Two years ago the cold winter injured
severely some of the tender varieties, as
/ Sweet Bough, Jersey Swee. and Baldwin.
Some of these were heavily cut back,
some were let alone, and others moder-
ately trimmed. The results are decided
| ly against heavily cutting back.
Other experiments with striking and
positive results have been tried. Many
/ people all over the country are trying the
same, and have been for many years, all
with the same results. They are as fol
lows: Young trees are set in thick sod
with only little space dug about them
or they are set in land which is often
soaked with water for weeks together.
They will never amount to anything. 1t
/ is a labor thrown away. 1t needs no
more proof-Prqt: ". j. Beaz, NfcAfgaa
! agricultural College
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

would bring, not peace, but sword; inc
seemingly stern religion of truth Will
bring, not a sword, but peace into the
world. To recognize the universal reign
of law is to perceive the futility OF law
lessness, no matter under what high or
even sacred names disguised. The cult
ure of man through the study OF truth Is
the work of science in the future. Ana
scientific research derives incalculably
greater value from the fact that it affords
material for scientific culture than be-
cause it may add to national or individual
power, or because means OF Increasing
our store of material wealth. Even the
benefits derived from those departments
of science which tend most to amellorate
the condition of the masses, great though
these benefits unquestionably are, must be
esteemed small by comparison with those
which will hereafter be derived from sci
ence as means of mental and moral cult
ure.-Prof. r. 4. Proctor, in Popular Sci
eyrs NOJtElY
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
Joaquin Miller's latest is about the
Quaker City, as follows:
There is nothing to see,
In Philadelphia,
Until you get
Outside of it.
NEW PUBLICATION.

"AvoNDALE, a. a story, has no rival It COM
bines the wit and hume # Fielding with the
pai no, of George Eliot"-Itter ocean.
The plot Of AvoNDALE is deep and well sus-
tanned and its tone is ennobling. '-Chicago
Journal.
The story of AvoNDALE is natural and refresh
ing and its teachings tend to honor and virtue. -
Chicago Standard.
The scenes of AvoNDALE are well described,
its incidents natural and its conversations sensible
and edifying. r-Adgdncs, Chicago.
The best English critics have accorded to Mr..
Clarke (authOr of AvoSDALE) high rank among
the first writers of the age. Chicago Tribune
'AyoSDALE is 8 story Of deep thought and its
authors knowledge of human nature is visible on
every page. ''-Westsrn Catholic.
The pleasure we derive from Mr.. Clarke's vol
ume tAvoNDALE) is enhanced by the fact that the
author is one OF our most estimable citizens. -
Hsstern Rural.
Il have read AvONDALE with delight II will
stand the test OF criticism and ought TO be in every
library. ALFRED Dutch.
AvoNDALE will be sent free. on receipt OF Sl.5O,
by the suthor, PROF. CLARKE, 60i W. Adams ST.,
Chicago.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
A Rcminiscence of the Indian Mutiny.

A CASE which recently came before the
High Court at Calcutta recalls some Of
the earlier horrors of the Indian mutinv.
During the months Of June and July, 1857,
the Twelfth Irregular Cavalry, which had
been raised and was commanded by Maj.
Holmes, took an actise part in the preser-
vatlon of Leace in North Behar and en-
joyed the confidence of lis commander.
But one evening as Maj. Holmes and his
wife were driving in a buggy some three
OF four miles from thelines they saw Dahl
Khan, the dufadar of the regiment, and
four or five troopers ride up. The Major
asked them why they were there and
armed instead of attending to their duty.
The duffadar answered with some foul
abuse, and. with the assistance of the
troopers, murdered his commanding of
ticer and Mrs. Holmes, cutting off both
their heads. The head and body of the
lady were thrown into a ditch. as was also
the body of her husband. His head. how
ever, was carried by the miscreants TO the
lines and displayed to the regiment, which
was then, with the exception of some sixty
men who remained faithful, marched off
by Dahl Khan to Lucknow. After the
suppression of the mutiny Dahl Khan
took refuge in Lucknow. Trusting. ap-
parently, that eighteen years had sutficed
to efface the memory of his crime he lately
ventured to return to his native village
He was recognized, arrested and tried.
All the witnesses were still alive and their
tales corrcsponGed exactly with the stories
told by them at preliminary inquiry held
while the affair was yet fresh in their
minds An old woman had been spoken
TO by Mrs. Holmes a few minutes before
the murdcrers rode up and she gave most
graphic description Of the tragedy. The
Judge of Sarun sentenced the prisoner to
death, and when the case came up TO the
High Court for the confirmation which
the Indian code requires for capital SEN
tenceS there could be no doubt or hesita-
ton. The evidence was clear, and. In the
words of the presiding Judge, the "mur-
der was one of such atrocity that nothing
short of the extreme penalty of the law
would satisfy The ends of justice. "-Londoa
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

A MALE convict at Cayenne obtained
permission to marry female convict; but
as the man was widOwer the Governor
declared it was necessary first to obtain
the certificate of the death of his first wife
A communication was addressed to the
authorities but without any reply. The
convict insisting that the ceremony should
no longer be delayed, the Governor said {:
" But what is there to prove that your first
wife is dead" The reply of the convict
was tolerably satisfactory on this point:
Why" he said, Pm here for having
assassinated her."
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

at is true, madam. If you were
gaunt, homely and vicious, or fat, freckled
and revengeful, the world would let you
gallop around in grapes, and say nothing.
But as it is-as you have beauty, intelli-
gence and bashfulness, you are expected to
remarry."
what would folks say" she asked,
actually smiling.
Say! why they expect it! Only last
night 1 heard it remarked that it was
strange you did not remarry."
50 Is that so? Well"
IN go on and write the book if you say
so, but how much better it would be for
you to erect a nice, cosy headstone to j.
Browns memory, put on a tender verse of
Philadelphia poetry, and then lay of
these grapes and let some one else love
you"
Well, you are writer, and you've
been to Chicago and Toledo, and OF course
you know better than l do. want to do
what is right, you know
Certainly, madam, certainly. You
will always have a tender spot in your
heart for J. Brown, but when dozen
hearts are signing to love you and be loved
in return, and dozen men are waiting Tor
the privilege of buying your meat and
corsets and bustles and potatoes and rutfs
and saleratus and silk dresses and corned
beet, you can't go pegging around with
that solemn look on your face"
1T does seem so, come to think of it, y
she unused
"Uf course it does! Go home, madam
go home and look cheerful and feel
jolly, and some one will soon seek you
OUT
She smiled blandly and sweetly as
held the door open, and as she reached the
gate she remarked:
"Of course-you-you WON'T
Not a word, madam-I'd be torn to
pieces firstH'
She shook her finger at me and cantered
gayly down the street.-N. quad, IN
Hearth and Home.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

WILHoFT's FEVER AND AGuE Tonic
This medicine is used by construction com
pancs for the benefit of their employees wheI
engaged in malarial districts. The highes
testimonials have been given by contractor:
and by the Presidents of some OF the Leading
railroads in the South and West. WheI
men are congregated in large numbers in tn
ncfghborhood OF swamps and rivers, vii
hoft's Tonic will prove valuable addition
to the stock of medicines, and will amply re
ward the company in the saving OF time
labor and money. We recommend it to all
WHEELoCK, FISLAY & Co., Propretors
New Orleans.
For SALE By ALL DRUGGISTS.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

own system or planet attending on another
sun than ours, is at this present time the
abode of life" Though we close our re-
view with this sentence as embodying
Prof. Proctor's conclusions deduced from
his main premises, justice to the author
bids US recognize the extended efforts
here unnoticed-by which he appears to
justify the claims which We have hard
ly more than set forth and defined -4p-
rlirtans, T0,rUuI
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22
For SALE By ALL DRUGGIsTs,

SAYS late issue of the Philadelphia City
Item: Ingenuity has been taxed to find the
surest and most direct means of reaching
the public, and the business man who would
advertise speciality, and get the greatest
good out of the greatest number, in the
shortest space of time, is compelled to 90 to
Geo. P. Rowen & Co., OF New York, for ad-
vice. Why to this house? Because it is the
head and front of the advertising business.
1t is prompt. methodical and clear in its
transactions, and possesses the confidence OF
all the houses which advertise most"
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

! THE reduction of summer goods in New
York this season is greater than the most
ancient and venerable shopper can remem-
Der tito have ever been before; partly be.
cause the market has been flooded with
fancy fabrics, which the merchants dare
not carry over, and partly because of the
general dullness of trade and the necessity
of raising money.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

A FACT worth emembering-Five cents
worth of SheridaH's Caudlry Condition Po,S-
ders, given to a horse twice . week, will save
double that amount in grain, and the horse
will be fatter, sleeker, and every way worth
more money than though he did not have
them.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

Methodist discipline is well illustrated
by the statement Of Bishop james that out
of the 10000 preachers stationed by the
Bishop the past year only three have de-
clined to accept their appointments, and
not single church rejected its preacher
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

CLEVELAND has dog-killer who goes
around with revolver and impartially dis
tributes his bullets between the stray dogs
and the newsboYs' legs.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

AFTER his return from his late Western
tour the Postmaster General addressed a
letter to the President complinienting the
management of the Chicago Postoffice
saying that il was the best he had observed
in any Office he had YET visited Gen.
John Macarthur is the Postmaster, and the
office is under the immediate superintend.
ence of c. 5, Squires, who has held that
position for a number of years.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

MARRIED ladies, under all circumstances,
will find Parsons Purgatirs Pills safe; and,
in small doses, a mild cathartic. They cause
| no gripping pains or cramp.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

a New YORK physician says thatas the
dog days approach, dogs should be given
small quantities of " silicique acid, borac-
ic acid, potash and sulphur" Butwho's
going 10 spend his time and money feeding
a dog on drug stores;
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

LAZY young men about to choose pro
'fession prefer the ministry to the law be.
cause it is easier to preach than to prac.
tice.-.H. Louis Glo6e- Democrat.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

WHEN a man has a business that doesn't
pay he usually begins to look round for a
partner to share his losses with him.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

PRUssISG's White Wine Vinegar, purest
and cheapest, warranted to preserve pickles.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1875-07-22

NPoNERo'
derer, Va" %.
Ind denies s
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massacre I
fl,e transa'
disaster OF
THrRTE
captured
Laramie,
the 10th,
tlp
been run
3ng at the
hundred
VI PETIT
matt cou
johnson :
against ]
control Il
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election.
ALEX
the firm
rested il
charge 0
under ia
bail in t.
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steam, W
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HEAV
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Goodman
on the Z
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21st Ovt
since j.
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The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1875-05-15

G1EK AEEgs-KE III RGE WAY
a correspondent Il Es Sss YurE
sE- cz1E t11E6u1 a Al co1sz-s-x
q EEassns q - tie pe-ri5ous AID
E2AsEl11T ErE.1es q Es-g IE-ps
EEls6 vita tat Ert5ts with tie vieks
t1-1s5 down TIE gas xhiet sto-ld
BE CONSUMED By tie flames il b. this
means lefi heavily IN tie air, While
the cost Of the oil thus saved at pres
EFT prices yozld scarce e one dol
lar year or the lamps OF house.
hold. His attention vas called par
ti~calarly 10 this castou By boarding
in the country where kerosene vas
the only available light A large
family of children living in the same
hoase were taken i'll one night and
on going to the nurser, the mother
found the room nearly sl~ffocating,
with q lamp turned down, whereupon
the physiciaa forbade the use of
lamp at night unless turned at full
head. He says he could quote many
cases, one Of young girl subject to
fits OF faintness, which If not induced,
were greatly increased by sleeping in
a room with the lamp almost turned
out. Besides the damage to health,
1t spoils the paper and curtains, soils
the marrors and windows, and gives
the whole house an untidy all and an
unvholesome odor.
The star of Pascagoula. [volume] (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1873-1878, 1875-05-15

TIE coming insane asylum keeper
to visitor DO you mean that man
With bis head bowed, his eyes cast
down, and his lips moving ? Oh, yes ;
be was spelled down too ; but be
keeps right on practicing all the
same ; ! believe his word was 'syz-
ygy.'"