, 1875-12-24
THE EE.Dl'KE or ,1ODENA.



Something Abotat tho K.ata Eraur,a v,
| London Fints.
Tho 1nsp OF Enropo las suffered 40 nanl
TRANSFORMATIONS since tic downfall Ut the Aua
TRAN power III Ionbarly that tho world ha1
alfnoSt terso;ton tho malignant lnlluonce once
c'crtcd ovrr European politics bY tho polly
Princes. Of Italy. Tic acasl, of tho Austrian
;tfelldu'to wllo was nnro known as tlu Dnko uf
alolena may zero tn rn,nnt tbs that thu
e*nora;1o'' which VAS identified with tile most
lnluiul and 'Enob!e ror'o,l of Italian anr,itu,'e
| u passing away. Personally. thu character IF
tho J'nho lad no chnrnclcristicd, bnd or
good. Which would cnlile him to 10 remembered
III Htoty: Int M lisBtof'esly typical Ills carupr
| mud Ills claims ato not unworthy OF notico, In
was. in truth, n representative scion Of tllo oii
Alonatc1ll:at system which wo worc fortunate
enough to break down In Tho seventeenth con
tiry without shaetoring tho cpntinnity OF our ill.,
Htisutons, which France ,nnrs painfully aut s-
aHtrnuAly ilung off n hundred years Inter, a,&.
"hlcil llas INV disappeared cvon an,1it, tho ca-
rDlio Etupifss OF tho Cuns1nout. Tho Duko Of
| 'ioarna concentrated IN himself tho E1orics Of
oil tho reactionAty NosaItoH ut Europe. I[iH
grandfather was tho AtcIldl,ko Ferdinand of
| s\liatra. Hon Of the EmDsror Francis L.; I,ib
| Eratksiiiother wHn tho Duchess Maria Of Fate,
ua1slior Of tho Int ruler OF the lno which. snca
tho iiftGontl, century. had rcisueI In A1ot!el,a
unasta!la, NogEio, nll Fcfrntn. Moreover, tho
MoteMeao family Of Este, as representing tho TO-
ihao iIns OF Savoy. With tito rghts transmitted
to II through Charea tile FirHta daughter Hem
r!etta OF Orleails might, On tho theory ot tho
right divine OF snvclogns. hare alleged ttlo to
tl!o English crown prior to that Ut tin iotlro Of
lsa'iofet tesconel from Charles tho Firdt's His-
Ter: Ihe pfetenlors' lovosor, with whom tho Duke
OF Modena was liuHt intimately connected wcso
tho victims Of tnucA moro recent revolutions
tllan thnHo which drove james II. to St. Ger
| 'na!ItR. Tho last Duke Of tho old l!nc Ercola
q EHto' was dispoascsHod BY Napoleon, and Iis
DuclIY WAS absorbed III tho Clsalpiue ltopubl,c
hut when, nearly twenty years later, tho inun-
laton Of French conquest Ind Rnbsi,letl tho
Allied sovcrcignH. parceng cut Italy atpong
tho cadots Of the house Of uarsburg. bestowed
Aludena On tho ArclldukB Trancia, Tho son 0f
Duke ErGolo's only daughter. This Irinco mar
ned irincoss OF the Hpuao Of Sayoy, atM left
sils Duchy to son Francis Y. WIN died On s,at-
slfdny ovcnins, at FieunA. after sixteen years nf
exlle, following troubled reign uf thirteen
years.
Frnncis Y. succeeded to the DucLy Of ,Eoi'ona
et critical tinao for tu!erB who, az waB IN his
caso natural from his descent md connectlons,
wtIo tocply convinced OF munarcllIcat trrospon-
sibiiity. 1t wan In tho carly days Of 1916, wleu
oil Italy was quivoring with tile revolutionary
rronaSanda, when danocratio apostles, patriotic
poets. anu paBsioual youthful martyrs OF liberty
We1o tanning the 1.ano destined to blaze out IN
1etcey two years later. Alany Ita.iaps hoped 10
comIEo omsu with tho revolution; IN low uiontha
the world wa to bo natonBlod with the sight Of
that wonder Of wonders, D reforming popo;
and II tho Italian lr.nros hid bean ciltci
with tho smallest measure Of foresight, they
might AhVe eTated or broken tho force OF tho
lca'!est blows which fell on them In tho hour OF
popular wrath. A moderate policy in Church
n,ld State would possibly have saycl Modeun,
Instany parlnA. aud tito reAt. hut Francis V.
quickly showed that hs had no ayuIpatAioY With
moderation. Tho Jesuits wero dominant at his
Court as they Ind been at his fathur'A. Scarcely
had ho assumed tue government when 10 pro-
ceedcd openly to is!uutlY himself with tho fa-
natcs OF reaction BY nogoliatiug marriages for
DOLL h's e'atcrs with tho Bourbon pretc,aders to
shu French and Spanish throuos. Tho elder Of
taeso priuceBses became, In 1916. The wfo
Of tho Conlte Dc Chanbord. aud the youugor in
1s47s tho vito OF Don Juan, hoir TO tho protein
ssons OF tho first Don Carlos 1t IL pfobnblo
that the political effect Of those AEodonoso mar
IIiagos lias not been leaB thun that Of Mary OF
Ehto. the mothor of '.Jamos ILL.," 1t has l.cou
often hurmiscd that tho obhL1naey with which
tue Colnto Do Chambotd declines all ''trausac-
t!o1ls With l.bcral ideas may have been au-
couraged by domestic intluouce4. Wo NAV, Dor
haIa, ntso mora clearly road tho character OF tho
arrogant Bourbon who III nlalntaining u fruilloss
contest IN spain II We remember that oia tnotI-
er WIS Ksecr Of tho Dnko Of Modcua. Tho pollc,
indicated in these alliances WA subuenl,entIy
pursued with 80 mich activity At Moien% TINT i |
year after Ills Rcccsslon Francis V. had bcoomn |
ono Of tAo most dutcsted of European ruleIy, |
ln ls47 md the boSln,iuE Of 1913 hiH Govern
but tho Austriat,a lind soon moro than ouonrl. !
to do to hold thoir own gtouud against Pied |
mott, Hungary md tho roYolution which oven
menacod tue Hapsb11rgs in their capital. First,
tho JeHn!ts lied from ModenA tho Duke anon |
followed then hs crept hnck n,,an fnr x,,,Ia
once moro under Austrian 1,r6tnctiom "'.,o. .no
old time 1,o took to il;ri,. nnm' H.. 49, ese ~
Noyara and. tina1y. ho rcturncd srl,cu ~. ua
hopes OF Tho I,nliaus lad boen swant awnv ror "
season by tho defeat of t;narles sihcrt ri,ns
wus slo simmer Of nomuIaccnt Conaarva,iu,, III
over Europo In t;erma,,v tis a..
1,aliouaI 1.1lIty woro nunI{ri far t;Mo ot ~
NUT: In ikniy. lin hnstr;ana tha nrasts ~ ~
fI0 pflnrAinNH yharo sal md /
power onco more. "1''' 'e'"s9 ""o o4''o'"
Tic Duke of Aro1cn. camc 1oc1, :, 1T.
Duchy In 1Hl9 With Mn,tninT ,ro,,,,,es ~ ~ 40
Ilborsi nolIoy and a roformol nd,n,i.irotna ~
but ysar jater liza .lnsn,ta ..au,o han tna
the d,ical PROMISES woro farsotton Moion. trna
eca,idaously mlssoyun,nI dnS,nr, tIto I"caaa an
wch et,n,,cd In nconlo w1,ra -, t.p ,,,, ,cIs
Of to national oal IN sc tHoS ot us ts paaGa
hearts, but weTo woTr,od hy rninc nil no. nn,1v
tyranny, Tlo Gun yas oyoriuwi,,a whr9 rhht5
Cayora subtle crnft nrre,nstati H. ara"i "!un
NJ III" itai,nn fn"stia,, ~, isHa @ ~ oppninR
Of tho Pro,Inh md sn,,,inia, ,,,,ias T..