New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1875-08-02
APPLIED SCIENCE.

MENaApxN OIL AND GuANo.-The great magni-
tnde of the interest connected with the manufacture
Of oil and euano from the Mcnhaden has, as in other
cases. induced the formation of an association for
mutual protection, under the title Of The United
States Menhadcn Oil and Guano Association" The
statistics of capture of menhaden and the manufac-
ture of oil and guano are shown by the following
table:
Number Of fsh caught during 1s74......l, 47s6S4
Number Of fish caught during 1878 1,ds3ioo
Making an increase of. 2So,oo4
A%omn. 9, guam: .S il, in 1874 1874 s sSs5S
increase Tor 1874. l3oc"
Quantity of oil manufactured in 1874. .3,372s37
Quantity o.; 81 oil ia manufactured in 1878
The number Of barrels, as given above, would be
equal 70 the following number OF hsh 400 s,s ono
Ess s saSsst in in 1873 1878 10000
Increase in 1874 over 1873 95,17soo0
The amount Of oil on hand at the beginning of the
year was GAS, 900 gallons and 200 tons OF guano
remained uusold. The number Of fishermen returned
for 1874 was 1867 the number of men employed
Mt the manufactures, 81 the number OF sailing
vessels smpoycd 2sS steamers 70 hus There IL
64 factories. A market has been found In the west
Indies and in England for the guano.
CARBOHYDRATES, A New CLASS OF BODIEs.-Prof.
Guthrie has lately defined under the name of ergo
bodies When ordinary brine is sufficiently reduced
in temperature ice is separated while the brine be-
comes richer in salt. But if the solution be satu-
rated, crystals of bhydrate of chloride OF sodium
are formed, and their separation necessarily I'M
poyerishes the brine Now Prof. Guthrie fnds that
when this impoverished brine is further cooled, by
contact with solid carbonic acid and ether, the Whole
eoidifies the water and salt forming homogeneous
crystalline mass of definite composition, which is
ytnla m
water. The term cryohydrates is professionally pro
posed for the newly-discovered class of bodies, of
which this compound is type; class of bodies, IN
fact, which contain water combined with various
salts and which solidfy below the freezng-pont OF
water. In the freezing OF sea,water, ice IL IIsl
fored but 1t Is probable that the realng
cooling, some of these cTyOhydrates. Prof GuthIie
concludes that the degree of sadness OF an ceIoe
will depend not only on its age az Dr. hae haI
already observed but also the rapidIty with
which ii is first formed, and on the lowest temPera
ture to which it has afterwards been submitted
EFFECT OF SOLUTIONS ON GROWING VINE
Baudrimont has been continuing his experiments
upon the influence upon the branches OF a growing
vine of immersion in water containing various sub
stances in solution and has obtained some rather re-
markable results by various poisonous agencies some
appearing actually to increase the vigor OF growho
the vine and prolong its existence i'll the case or
chloride
to wither rs in creosote and carbolie acid Bromide
and iodide of potassium seem TO act in the same
manner as chloride of potassium. Choral hydrate
exercises very poisonous influence DESTROYING the
branch vine in three days. the effect differing from
that of carbolic acid One of the most curious
phenomena is that which is exhibited in the fall OF
the leaves. In some instances the petIole becomes
detached at the point where II is inserted IN the
branch This takes place in case OF most substances
such as b-chloride of mercury, and chloride
bromide and iodide of potassium In other cases II
is the limb which separates from the extremity OF
the petioe. This occurs with ordinary water
and the nitrates Of ammonia, potash and soda; In
one single instance both forms OF separation nave
stance Sometimes, again. the branch dies while the
leaves continue to adhere to it. This is the case tn
nentine Chloride of potassium acts as an lnVlgorat-
ing and preserving agent quite eXceptiGna, IN lls
character current of ammonia allows the branch
e. preserve ts freshness for eight days, after which
il withers