The New York herald., 1875-12-30
The EARLY Methods Of Deal
ing with Mr.. Lo.
OFFICERS AND THEIR PAY.
Status OF the Savage Tribes In Relation
TO the United States.
ABORIGINAL DELEGATIONS TO WASHINGTON.

Is generally conceded to him. On his account mainly
the Interior Department recently reduced TO q
mcre acephalous OF until the President
'put head on t in the shape Of the Senator from
Michigan. Then followed official decapitatons too
numerous to psrticularize and sudden choppngs and
changings all Of which may fairly be considered as
sacrifcal offerings at the shrine of Lo Under these
circumstances the following sketch OF the Indian De-
partmcnt, carefully compiled from authentic sources,
will be found Of than passing interest 10 the gen.
eral reader
THE OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER.
From the close OF the Revolutionary War down 10 ls32,
any "Indan affairs" that required attention cons
monty conGded TO few officers and men, who attended
TO them with varying success, sometimes receiving
rough treatment the hands OF their red brothers. but
more frequently tmaking things lively" for The abo-
rhymes, at Tppecanoe in 1911, at Talloosahachie
and Taladega in 1918, and subsequently at various
places of less renown.
On July o. 1882, the Black Hawk war having just been
inaugurated by the defeat Of Major Stllmsn OF the Fifth
Illinois mounted volunteers by pand of the Sac In
dans under Black Hawk himself Congress created the
Office OF Commissioner Of Indian Affairs That Official
charged under the direction OF the Secretary or
War; with the management of all Indian affairs and or
all matters arising out OF Indian relations He COM
menced work with twelve clerks and two messengers
and appropriation for all purposes of little
Department has in forty three years grown its pres
ent dimensions of one Commissioner one Chief Clerk,
fortysix clerks and six messengers with annual ap-
preparation of 500 800 for clerk hire S. 900 for
tonery and about So 600 900 for the Indian
large In addition TO the clerks in the Indian Onlco
proper there half dozen in the Office Of the Secre
ary OF the Interior and at least fourteen in the
Treasury Department who engaged on business
ating exclusively to the Indian service and whose SAL
aries will swell the total amount paid for clerk hire to
at least 500 900 per annum.
THE SERVICE ORGANIZED
Under orders from President Jackson, issued in compli
with the act OF June 90 1884, To provide for the
organization of the Department of Indian Affairs the
Secretary of War organized tho Indian service into two
superntendencies two acting superintendences TEN
agencies three acting agencies and thirteen sub-agen-
ccs, with thirty-fve interpreters, as follows:-
Superintendency Of Wisconsin Territory This en-
braced all Indians in Wisconsin Territory except tho
Sioux of the Upper Missouri, the Mandans and the
tribes and bands north of them the Missouri The
agencies were:-Agency for the Sacs and Foxes agency
OF ST. Peters and subagencies Prairie du Chen Green
Bay, La PoInte and Grow Wing River Number OF inter.
prefers allowed, eight
Superinendency Of 81 Louis-This supcrintcndency
had control of the tribes and bands excepted from THAI
of Wisconsin Territory and of the ottawas Chppewas
and Potawattomcs and all other Indians south OF ths-
Missouri River, with agencies &c, as foows:-Agency
Of Ieavenworth agency and subs sgcncy Of Council
BiuGs, agency ana suu.agency OF the Upper Missouri
sub.agencies OF the Great Nemaha and Usage River
Number OF interpreters thirteen
The Acting Superintendency Of Michigan included all
the Indians in that State and the ottawas Of Maumeey
Ohio and embraced the agency of Mchilmackinac and
the sub-agcncy of Saut Ste Marie and employed five
interpreters
The Acting SuperintendeRcy Of the Western Territory
included all the Indians south of the Missouri River
the southern line of the St. Louis superntendency
and far west as the Rocky Mountains, and IN,
cuded the following agencies Agency of the Choc-
taws, agency OF the Creeks agency or the Cherokees
agency OF the osages and subagency Of the Neosho
Interpreters, six.
Miscellaneous agencies in addition to the above were
authorized as follows, with three interpreters
Agency OF the Chickasaws, at Pontotoc Miss.
Sub-agency for the Wyandotts, at Upper Sandusky,
sub.agency at Buffalo, N Y, for the senecas and
other natives in that State
Acting agency for the Pottawattomes and other tribes
in Indiana, mt Logansport.
Acting agency at Chicago for the united natives OF
otawas, Chppewas and Pottawatomies IN Illinois and
Michigan
Acting agency for the eastern Cherokecs, Calhoun,
Tenn.
The organization as given above continued substan-
TALLY the long the Indian department re-
manned under the control OF the war authoriliea
When the Interior Department was created lac; March
g. 1sl0 the supervisory and appellate powers thereto
fore exercised by the Secretary OF War transferred
the Secretary oil the Interior. various changes
and additions made during the twenty years be-
tween 1S49 and 1869 the most important OF which
the establishment OF superniendencies and agencies in
California Oregon, New Mexico and Utah ON March
g. 1869 there eleven superintendcnts, 1ly .nino
agents and five sub-agents, as follows-
SuperintencentsTwo for the tribes cast Of the Rocky
Mountains and each for Oregon, Washington Terri
tory, New Mexico Utah, California, Nevada Arizona,
Montana and Idaho.
1gents-Californa, 8; Colorado, /; Oregon, s.; New
Mexico, 4 Utah, 9; New York, J.; Washington Terri
tory, 8; Nevada, |; Kansas, l Delaware Indians i;
~ 4. Anaah nd apc1,os In1
at Green Bay, Wis, Poncas Pawnecs ! Sioux 2;
Saco and Foxes tribes east Of the Rocky Mountains,
q Upper Missouri Indians, 2; Wichas and ncighbor-
ing tribes, /.
.Sub-o9eats-Thrce in oregon and in Washington
Territory.
During part Of the years 1869 and 1870 the duties Of
superintendcnts and agents performed by officers
Of the army rendered snpcrnumerary by the consoda-
ton Of infantry regiments In 1871 the number OF
superintendences had been decreased to and the
agencies increased to 6l, with subagcncies and
have been made since then and under the
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
the Indian service manipulated BY three nspcc-
tors two superinendcnts (both QuakcrsI seventy
agents twelve special agents and seventy eight inter-
proters The Inspectors go on voyages Of discovery
tours OF Inspection under Instructions from tic In
dian Department, for which they allowed addi-
ton to their pay actual travelling expenses not TO
ceed ten cents per mile The superintendent
toned at Lawrence, Kan (Enoch Hoag), and Omaha
Neb Barclay Whel The agents scattered over
twenty states and Territories, foows:In Ari-
there seven, in California four, Colorado
three Dakota twelve, Iowa ono, Idaho two Indian Ter
ritory eight, Kansas one, Michigan one, Minnesota
three, Montana seven, North Carolina one Nevada
two NewsMexico Ave, Nebraska six, New York pne,
Oregon seven, Utah one, Wisconsin two Wyoming ono,
Washington Territory seven.
BONDS AND PAY PAST AND PRESENT.
In the primitive state Of LHdian affairs agents wcre
required to give bonds IN the penal Of 81 900 and
sub agents 81 000 The bonds range from $4,000
to $3.50 600, and even Rore; but these amounts
not be considered excessive when the largo advances
made TO supcrintendeuts and agents arc considered.
Under the old regime disbursements as q rule were
made by officers Of the army, three OF whom were
specially detailed as Indian disbursing agents, VIZ
Major John Garland, Quarermaster's Department. at
Detroit Mich.
Captain Ethan A. Hitchcock, First infantry, at 81
Louis, Mo.
Captain r. D. G. Collins, Quartermastcr's Depart
ment, at Little Rock, Ark
These officers received their funds direct from the
Treasury, ard supplied such as were needed 10
those assistant quartcrmasters and assistant conn
mssarles who charged with the duty o. making
disbursements in detail at the several sgences ana sub