davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
COURT CALENDARs-THIs DAY.


SUPREME CoURT-CHAMBERs-Held by Judge
Donohue.-Nos "a 81 SO, 70, 81, IS, SO, 81, 90, 81
IS, l03 lo4 LOT, 10s los. lis, ll5. Jig. lbs, 12s
SUPREME CouRr-SrEcIAL TERM-Held by Judge
Van Brunt-Demurrer, No. 2l.-Issues OF law aud
1as'N9s los 1S9 81 1oS 1lo III IL S, o AZ ias
a. r. l & ~ ~ i1t' -'' Az 49, - ''-' 400
SUPERIOR CoURr--GENERAL TERM-Held by
l0 IS. SO, co. l25 l2s 1877 $780, l45, l5s, 2O3, 1856,
2ll. S. i52, 2la. 2l5, 2le. 217, 2ls, 2le. 22o.
SUPREME coTRT-ckc ar ~ L@adNlo H.r
1867 1886, l54 24e lSo6 1866. l2S, IS, ii22k $50,
rence.-Nos. l7e5. $40, 1889, 81, loss, ss7, 1ol,
lisa 295 1889 sl2 ol5 ISL el7, 17l6. l6s31a,
2lO1, y05, l445, S67, 96s 1925, l06l. 9S5.
SUPERIOR CoURr-GENERAL TERM.-AdJourned
until first Monday In February.
n EMpaps
oil the assignment OF Judge Van Worst to the Su.
preme Court Part 2-Held by Judge Sedgwick.-
q10, 9l2, Ola, 9lS.
COMMON PLRAs-GENERAL TERM.-Adjourned until
COMMON PLEAs-TRIAL rERM-Parr lease on
No. S9S. This IL the only case that will be called
To-day. Part 2.-AdJourned until frst Monday OF
MARINE UouRr-TRIAL TERM-Part Held by
Judge AlKerNos. 1882 1885, ll4o, 2125, 2l26. 2127,
2-ueld by Judge McAdam.-Nos. 1876, 1851 1868,
1899, l3O3 1904. 1928 1902 977 2454 2404 26ls. 21
1882 eoo s rar s4s as ~ S
437g, $500, 1858 24i5, 2l66.
COURT OF GENERAL SEssIoNs-Held by Judge
Sutnerand.-rne People vs.. RoDert Robinson
robbery; Same VS.. Edward Mcknight, Thomas
Ighe, John smith ana Peter Hogan, robbery !:
Same Michael Collins felOnious assault and
battery; Same VS.. john Clark, lelonous assault
and battery; Same vs.. George W. Marsh and John
Bush, grand larceny; same VS.. Robert Sanerty,
grand larceny; Same vs. Joseph w. Harding
grand larceny; Same Vs. Mlchas Fitzgerald, grand
larceny; Same vs.. Herman SDurr. forgery; same
vs.. Patrick Murphy, petit larceny; Same VS.. hugh
CampDeu, lelOnl0uS assault and battery.
OYER AND TERMINER--Heid by Judge Barrett
The People Va. Jonn O'r0Ole, homicide.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
ESSEX MARKET POLICE COURT.
Before Judge Murray.
INFATUATED WITH Policy.

INFAIUATEII WITH POLICY.
MIR. Samuel Fest. OF No. 80 avenue b, appeared
In the Essex Market Police Court yesterday as
complainant against John Geek, OF No. 1871 stanton
street; Thomas Quinn, OIL No. 44o East Houston
street, and Henry +. Scheimp. OF No. l02 Second
street. .or selling lottery policies. Mr.. Fest stated
that his brother bad been infatuated with the
game OF policy Tor long ti.be and had lost so
mucn money by IL that nc had dissipated all his
FUNDS. Mr.. samuel Fest therefore started out
yesterday with the determination OF breaking up
the policy business in the neigh0ornood In winch
he lived, and III pu suing hls plan bought lottery
pDIicies from the above mentioned persons. Their
names were given to Oficer Robinson, OF the
seventeenth precinct, and they were arrested.
Judge murray ned each OF the prisoners IN $500
BAH to answer at General SESSIONS.
SETTLING THE SAMPLERS.
omcer Calhoun, OF the Seventh precinct. yester.
6Ay AsrSstsd seven women, named Barbara
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21

Schneider, Sophia Kopp. Anna Hoffman. Jane
Horst, CatnarIne Beck, Catharine Steib, Catbarine
Homes and Eva Randolph, on the complaint or
Silas w. briggs or No. 26S south street These
women u Is alleged, are In the haplt u irequent-
they can lay their hands on IN the shape OF sam
pies OF cotton, small quantities OF pepper, Gomez
and other articles. Inc first named Jour oil the
prisoners, arrested by 0aicer Calhoun. were dis
charged; the rest were held IN $500 bail eacn, 70
answer at Special Sessions.
ANOTHER BRUTAL HUSBAND.
Bridget Saxon living at No. 2l9 Cherry street,
appeared In court with two severe cuts on her
head which had been indicted with a club by her
husband, George Saxon. Mrs. Saxon's iather-in-
law also appeared a complainant against his son.
The brutal husband was committed to await the
result of MS wife's injuries and Mrs. saxon was
sent to the hospital.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
DECISIONS.
SUPREME CoURT---cHANBERs,


10.
voght va. Levy; Gilfllnan vs. Duncombe mo. ~ /;
Mitchell vs.. DuncomDe mo. ~ Mitchell w. same
(No. p Deane vs. Davison.-Motions granted.
BY Judge Donohue.
Merritt VI. Dowley.-Motlon denied.
BY Judge Lawrence.
Lostar VI. Observation-Disclosures denied
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
TOMBS POLICE COURT.
Before Judge Smith,
ATTEMPT AT POCKET PICKING.

ATTEMPT AT POCKET PICKING.
While Mr.. Charles d. Foster, a clerk In the en-
ploy OF DckersOn & Co., OF Broad street, was wait.
Ing for his letters at the General Post Office
yesterday morning, lad rushed by him in a sus-
picious sort OF way. Having In his possession
about $4,000 worth OF drafts bonds, &C., ne was
rather watchlul OF any one who acted AT all sus-
ptc,Ously. Before he had reached the door OF tn q
Post ONCE gong out he felt some one touch his
the aforementioned lad IN hts change pocket He
cOllared the YOUTH VINO, on being arraigned at the
Tomb's Court, gave his name as Thomas alker,
aud stated that he Is o resident OF Pennsylvania,
BY occupation o pedler. He was committed IN
default OF $500 bail to answer
BUTTER THEFT
Early yesterday morning, just after MIR. Behr-
man. Of NO. 2S8 Washington street. had opened his
store, James Temps passed along the street, and,
not suspecttng that any one was looking at him,
attempted to take tub OF butter, valued ut $22
from the sidewalk. MIR. Behrman, who saw the
transaction from the back OF the store, ran out
and caught Temps. whom ne handed over to the
custody or O1cer Thompson, OF the Third pre-.
cincr. The prisoner was held for examination.
FOND OF CLOTHES.
Julius Levi OF No. Is Bowery, charged John
Jones with stealing from him TWO hats valued at
Sd Jones was committed.
john McCue was held for trial on charge Of
stealing PAIR OF pantaloons from Isaac Jacob Of
No. l66 greenwich street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
COURT OF APPEALS.

OOOh1 OC al
ALBANY, Jan. 20, 1875
The following proceedings TOOK place to-day
NOTIONS.
Jackson vs.. Andrews-Motion for reargument
Renee vs.. The Astor Fire Insurance Company
Motion for reargument submitted.
GENERAL CALENDAR.
No. II. The Niagara Falls suspension Bridge
Company appellant, vs.. Henry Bachman, admin
istrator, NC, respondent-Passed.
No. 81. Henry len Eyck, appellant, vs. Henry
craig ct ais executors &c, resp1naents
dent, VS.. Andrew Roberts, ct AL, Implicated, &C.,
appeiants.-Passed
No. 80. John Van vreachten, executor, &C.. APP
pellant, VS.. Elm Keator, respondent.-Passed.
Adjourned to Thursday, January 81, 1875. at ten
It is understood that the Court had to adjourn
to. day long before the usual hour on account Of
the non-appearance OF counsel engaged IN the
passed and went to the loot or the calendar wnere
they will remain for some time to come, warn
ing to law ers to be at their posts when their
cases are called.
The following is the day calendar for Thursday,
January 2l-NOs. 49, Al. 43, "A, SO, 81, "a and S..
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 20, 1875.
No. o4s. Erie Railway Company vs. State of
Pennsylvania-Error TO the Supreme Court of
Pennsyvania.-This action raises the question
whether the Erie Company Is liable to the tax
upon gross receipts imposed by the State by its
statute OF May. 1855, upon all roads and corpora
lions engaged in the business OF transportation
within Its borders. The company objected TO the
tax on the ground that by prior legislation It was
exempt from any lurtner taxation by the State,
AM for the urther reason that 1t was not DONG
business IN tue State in the sense OF the statute,
but exercised mere right OF way through the
state, Tor which 1t mad already paid. The Court
decided against the road, and the cause comes
here upon the points that the imposition Of
the tax Is o violation OF that provision OF the
federal constitution prohibiting the states making
any law which shall impair the obligations
OF contracts that 1t Is an interference with inter-
State commerce, and dlscrminates against rights
held IN other States. On the part OF the State It
Is urged that the decision below on the question
whether the company Is doing business 10 the
state WITHIN the sense OF the statute Is fna mas
much as 1t involves only the question OF the con-
sruction OF the statute, aud that this Court will
not assume jurisdiction to review It, In respect
OF the other questions 1t IL said the decision below
was correct and will be affirmed here. Shipman,
Barlow, Lar0cque and Mcfarland Tor plaintin In
error; l. d. GILBERT and L. 4. Dlmmick for the
State.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
FIFTY-SEVENTH STREET COURT.
SNATCuING A WATCH.
Before Judge Flammer.

About three O'Clock yesterday morning Thomas
Williams, aged thirty-two or No. As Water street.
while at the opera Bouffe ball. snatched q watch
belonging to Mr.. @. X. Hleronymus, OF No. l02 West
Forty-nlst street. Before he reached the door he
seized by mis- victim and held until the arrival
of an officer. The watch was found on the door.
The thiei was remanded to await the appearance
OF the complainant.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21

A UCrION NOTICE.-OvER $20.0O) WORTH AND 80
N lots Of elegant Household tnrnture, contents Of
private residence II Last 10Th ST.. broadway, this
day conmenclns at ~ o,ci9ek, VIZ ~ octave rose
Mirrors Oil Paintings, lace Curtains bookcases, Ward.
robes; spring. hair Mattresses; Lounges CocAs &c.;
dining room, basement and kite Furniture
HENRY ZINN. Aucuoneer
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
IMPORTANT TO SANDY HOOK PILOTS.

The steamboat companies running steamers be-
tween New York and various ports In the South
ern States, regarding their captains competent to
pilot their vessels into port, have for several
years been lighting against the payment Of en-
forced pilotage ices to the state sandy Hook pi-
lots and at each session OF Congress have sought
legislation 10 their favor. In 1871 they procured
NE passARs Of . law snaouna that eoastWiss
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21

A UCTION NOTICE-WILLIAM TOPPING 90,
n Auctioneer will Offer Thursday. January 81 ~
lUocloc at their auction ROOM No LIZ Church street
large and important sale of Druggists Materials Tor
account OF whom II may concern having been da naged
ut late Dire in the store OF Mcssrs A. L. Hernstein
co. ifj and lfS william street consisting in part OF
iii Boxes Pill Machines Scales. saddebags, Wal Cases
Bouges and Catheters. Porcelain Ware. Truses, sup
porters, Bandages &c Syringes. Soda Water Appar&
us french !rrgateurs Mortars Eiitering Paper Tner
mometers, Medicine Chests Head Rests, Electric and
Magnetic Batteries, Cork Presses Drug Mills &C. Tna
whole 10 be sold without reserve.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
A UCTION SALE-AT PRIVATE RESIDENCE
"A IN West I'D st, near 9th av..
THIS Crhursday) MORNING.

Elegant HOUs EHOLD FuRNii ukE sale.
Pianoforte, Bronzes. OH Paintings. &c.
Over $4,000 worth OF parlor, library, chamber and
dining room Furntare at public auction namely
Cur ains, Carpets. Mirrors Oil Paintings. imported
Bronzes Jardinieres, Elageres. paror ults, latest
Fables, Bookcase Desks, Chamber suits; Dres:ns
Cases Bedsleads Bureaus Mattresses Bedding. budet
Extension Table Chairs &c sale positive; 4JQ lots BY
catalogue. II. l.. McDONSELl- Auctoneer.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1875-01-21
SALES At AUCTION.

RTIsTs' FUND SOCIETY.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

Westervelt tells the authorities
to search the Catholic asylums for
Charlie Ross. It is not odd that
such q course never suggested itself
to the great American detective,
because it is eminently a proper
course, and has possibilities in it..
The boy might be in one of those
houses, unframed and unchanged,
yet as completely secluded from
the public as though buried under
the foundations of the Rocky Noun
tains. And that, too, without any
collision with the criminals on the
part of the Catholic keepers. who,
being Gods people, deem it the
correct thing to shut themselves
away from Gods world and never
know anything A newspaper never
enters their doors, and they are
probably as little aware of the alb
duction as though it had occurred
in China. The longer time Wester
welt lies in Jail, the less he is sus-
pectees of lying in regard to the
boy. Such inducements have been
held out to him to confess that he
certainly would have done SO had
he anything to tell. His sugges~
ton (which is about to be acted
upon) he says he throws out be-
cause it may lead to something, and
he has as strong q desire to see the
child restored as any one could
haye-for his own sake.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

On Monday forenoon a number
of trotters were being exercised at
the driving park, among them Effie
Dean, driven by the well-known
horse raiser, Alden Goldsmith.
The horses were trotting at lively
pace, and were all punched in a
heap. when one of Efie's rains
broke, and Goldsmith toppled over
backward, and every spectator ex-
pected to see him drop from the
sulky and be mangled by the feet
of the crowd of horses behind
This tragedy was prevented, how
ever, for Goldsmith, whose feet
caught in the foot rests of the
thills, recovered himself, and then
gave an exhibition of nerve that
was most thrilling. The mare, re-
leased from the restraint of the
taut reins, broke into q run and
few ahead like the wind, leaving oil
of the others behind. While she
was going at this rate Goldsmith
craw]ed over her back until by
reaching forward he could get hold
of the snaffle of the bit, and then,
lying upon her neck, he brought
her up with q sudden pull that car
ried her almost perpendicularly in
the air. He was heartily applaud
ed by all who witnessed the daring
deed--Kingston IN. " Free
man. -
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

was produced stanza by stanza at
small intervals, and submitted by
Poe piecemeal to the criticism and
condemnation of his intimates, who
suggested various alterations and
substitutions. Poe adopted many
of them. Du Sole quotes parties
ular instances of phrase that were
incorporated at his suggestion, and
thus The Raven was a kind of
joint stock affair in which many
minds held small shares of intellec
tual capital. At length, when the
last stone had been placed in po-
sition and passed upon, the struc
ture was voted complete.
s'The reconciliation of these con-
fiicting versions lies, possibly, in
the hypothesis that he wrote the
poem substantially, as stated by
Mrs. GLENN, and afterward, with
the shrewd idea of stimulating ex-
pectation little, or by way of
subtle and delicate fattery, sub
mitted it to his friends stanza by
stanza, adopting such emendations
and substitutions of phrase as
tickled his ear or suited his fancy.
Such alterations would scarcely af-
feet t. e general tenor of the text,
as Mrs. GLENN first heard it, and,
considering the length of the poem,
appear to have been very few and
of small importance, granting all
that Col. Du Sole claims. Besides,
it WAS like him to amuse himself in
this way, hoaxing his friends, and
then laughing in his sleeve at
them"
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20


The blooded stock of President
Grant Was rect ntly disposed of at
auction, on his farm, ten miles
from ST. Louis. The stock went at
exceedingly low prices. Young
Hambleton, seven years old, q
stallion. was knocked down for
$500 A fine double team sold for
S6SO-said to have been bid in for
the President. The trotting mare
Bessie Knox, for which the Presi-
dent paid $1,000, brought $500:
another trotting mare, the Belle OF
st. Joe, was bid IN for Gen. Grant
81, 900. The mare Vicksburg, rid
den by Gen. Grant at Vicksburg,
was knocked down for $50. About
a dozen brood mares, mostly thor
oughbreds, sold from $40 to $S5
each. The thoroughbred mare
Flora, sold for $1.35. A Frolic
well bred yearling brought 1892
A number of mules, work horses, a
quantity of harness, crops, agricul
tural implements, in fact, all the
working machinery of the farm,
which will be rented hereafter, were
sold. Gen. Grant has decided to
make such disposition of the prop
erty rather than run it on his own
account. The aggregate proceeds
OF the sale are very small, consid-
ering the real value of the property
sold. The mare Lady Morgan, one
of the team the President paid ST.
500 for brought only S425O. The
stallion Giaymore, formerly known
as Peacemaker, was knocked down
for 50, 500, understood to have been
bid in for Gen Grant.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

The Columbus distillery has con-
tracted for 1000 bushels of corn.
John O'Grady. of Fort Wayne, has
fallen heir to S165 600, which Is await
ing him at Belfast, Ireland.
Howard county has never had but
three democratic officers since its or
Ranization, which speaks we'll for
Howard.
The report of the Agricultural De-
partment for September, gives the
general average of the corn crop this
year at 81. Wheat is put down at ~.
Nasty thinks that when money can
be made on printing press, 1T Is very
foolish to expose man. life in gold
mine, to get the material for hard
money.
! Parson Brownlow accuses Jefferson
Davis of advocating imitation as lead
ing to reputation, by which means
he ''hopes to succeed in doing what
he signally failed to do by force of
arms
The women of New England have
contributed about $4,000 in aid OF the
Centennial. The glory of this achieve
ment is somewhat diInmed by the con-
sideration that the money was raised
at sewing societies and quilting bees,
where the fair contributors damaged
about eight absent characters to every
dollar collected.
Perhaps says Governor Allen,
there was an election last Tuesday:
what of it? Does that prove that del
campane wont cure hydrophobia?
Not much. The man that says so is
cross between a hog and donkey,
and, suddenly becoming denonstra-
tive, L can whip him!
A Boston family has a remarkably
intelligent parrot, which repeats near
ly everything it hears, and which
some bad boys have taught to swear
awfully 1t finally did little talking
except of profane character, and. to
cure its propensity, was repeatedly
soused in cold water and placed near
the stove to dry. During Il recent
storm some chickens, which had be-
come very wet and chilled, were
brought into the house and put by
the stove to revive them. 1t so hap
pcned that the parrot had just been
ducked himself, and, after surveying
the chickens for some time, he cried
out in oracular tones. Little ID
fools been swearing!
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

Ex-Governor Fenton, of New
York, formerly prominent rs lead
or of the Liberal Republican move
.ment, has written letter to the
chairman Of the Republican State
Committee, announcing his return
10 the Republican party, and Civ
ing his reasons therefor. He says,
speaking for the body Of Liberals,
that they separated from the Re
publican party because they believ-
ed it had become unfaithful to it's
earlier standards He thinks that
the temporary success of the Dem
ocracy, brought about in q consid-
cradle degree by the disaffection of
those who had formerly been Re-
publcans twas IN no measure bas-
ed upon an approval of its record,
nor has the manner in which it has
used the success, with some excep.
tons, been calculated to win the
confidence of those who care more
for good government than for par
ty." In the present attitude of the
two parties he thinks the Republi-
can represents the best elements
and ideas of our policies, while the
Democratic has developed tenden
cies and influences which menace
the most sacred interests of the
country Furthermore, he is of
the opinion that the platform and
candidates of the Republican party
in New York should be entirely sat-
isfactory to the former Liberals,
and justify the hope that it's pres
emit advanced position will lead to
permanent progress and reform
In this view of the case Mr.. Fenton
says he feels it his duty to give his
support to the Republican candi-
dates.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

The porcelain clay of Lawrence
county, Indiana, is thus described
by Prof. Cox: The Lawrence county
bed of porcelain clay occupies the
position of the Archimedes lime
stone belonging to the Chester
group. This limestone has been
entirely removed where the clay is
found, by the action of water
charged with hydrated silicate of
alumina and carbonate of protoxide
of iron. The water which held
these substances in solution is sup
posed to have contained alkaline
carbonate, with carbonic acid in
excess. It is thus that the water
was enabled to dissolve the lime
stone, and by an interchange of
chemical constituents, the hydrated
silicate of alumina was precipitated
and the lime carried off in solution
The carbonate of proxide of iron
also continued in solution until
it met with a sufficient amount of
oxygen for its peroxidation and
precipitation. The upper portion
of the clay, from one to twelve
inches in thickness, is of a light
cream color, free from grit and lam
mated. Then follow from four to
Eve feet of pure white clay, also
free from grit. Beneath this is a
clay of similar quality, but slightly
stained at the joints with oxide of
iron. Prof Cox calls the white clay
Indianaite. It has a composition
of IL to IA per cent. water, AZ to
As per cent. silica, and So to 80
alumina. The area of the deposit
is known to be at least AZ acres,
and there is little doubt that it is
much more extended. Indianaite is
now used in the porcelain potteries
at Cincinnati, and ware made of it
is fully equal to the best English
iron stone pottery.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

As an example showing the evil
fruits of the credit system, the fol-
lowing will do very we'll: "a young
mechanic in Champaign who was
owing some $40 received dun
therefor from his creditor, who said
he wished to pay q debt with it
He Immediately started out on a
little collecting excursion of his
own, but with poor success, his
debtor in turn telling him that am
other man was owing him but could
not collect it. Out of mere curios
ity he followed up the chain, and
found that it consisted of no less
than fifteen persons, each owing
from $15 to $50, and amounting
altogether to some $500, the whole
amount of which could have been
settled in less than half day had
one or two in the chain Of debtors
and creditors been so inclined. We
presume this state of affairs is very
common in business circles of the
country, and the only remedy we
can see is for each man who finds
himself a debtor to make every ex
ertion possible to settle up. for by
SO doing he may start a chain of
settlements that will clear dozen
or more men of some of their liza
bilities and help to restore business
to q general cash basis. Keep what
little money you have moving and
you will be surprised at the amount
of good it will do in driving away
hard times. Now while crops are
moving is the time to take hold of
this matter
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1875-10-20

Speaking of the prevalent West
ern immigration fever, the st.
Louis Republican observes: Nov
ing West is an American business
we have been engaged in it for a
hundred years. But what will we
do when there is no longer a West
to emigrate to? That time has near
~ arrived. When it comes the
growth of the country will react to
ward its center. The population of
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Vir-
ginia, Kentucky,and Tennessee can
be doubled and yet not reach more
than 100 to square mile. The
country will grow in a different
way. Great manufacturing centers
will be built up. our coal and iron
resources will be developed, and
the principal part of our surplus
grain products will be needed for
home consumption. That is what
we will do when there is no longer
a West to emigrate to.