davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
American Officers Fortifying China.

The American appear to be regarded
by the Jealous Chinese with more favor
III an any other barbarians, and the gov
eminent of China has appointed large
number of Americans to command the
Chinese armies, which are to be re-
modelled on the European plan. From
recent news it ap ears that this jealous
and exclusive government is turning its
attention TO the defence of its coasts,
rivers and harbors. The American
artilIerists and naval officers IN the
service of China deputed to visit Eu-
rope for the purpose of experimenting
the building OF torpedo ships, purchase
of guns, etc, are now on their way to
Pekin. TIE torpedo vessels, similar
in cons ruction to those so successfully
used in the James river during the
recent civil war in America, have been
built on the Thames, London, and are
now ready to be despatched, in addl-
tion to number of Krupp and Arm
strong guns. with their necessary am
munition. The first of the formidable
series of defences contemplated by the
government of Pekiu will be erected on
the Peiho river. Of course it is useless
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

RATE OF TAXATION IN THE LARGER
CITIES. The Land Owner is our author
ity for the following rate of taxation in
the larger cities of the union. The ap.
praisements as rule are made as with
us at about rs cents to the dollar of &C
tual value The figures give the num-
Der of mills paid on the dollar of valtie ::
New York city, 90 mills; Brooklyn, 35
mills; Philadelphia. 20 $40 mills /; Bos-
ton, Is 6-10 mills Cincinnati, % 1900
mills Milwaukee, % mills ; st. Louis,
Is mills in old city limits, and u in
new Portland, Maine, IS mills; Hart
ford, Conn.,, 14l mills Worcester,
Mass, 10I mills; Dayton, 20 1900
mills Chicago, IS mills; Newark. New
Jersey, 10 $500 mills; Providence,
r. l., 10 46-100 mills; Erie, Pennsylvania,
II mills Louisville, 81 mills Pitts
burg, II mills Detroit, 105 mills /;
Lowell, Mass, Is 27-1O0 mills Rich
mond, Va, Is mills; New Haven, Is
mills Reading, SO mills; Kansas City,
2O8 mills Rochester, 40 mills Scran-
ton, Pa, 10 mills Cambridge, Mass.
121 mills; Paterson, New Jersey, 20t
mills Columbus. Ohio, 49, mills In
dianapolis, y mills.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
What We Don't Know About the North
Pole.

At present there lies within a few
weeks Of us, and right between US aud
inhabited continents, circle 400
miles across, of which we know not
even whether it be land or water, or in
what respects it is affected by some
conditions wholly different from our
own. Is it anything more than a great
refrigerator for the production of cold
that is for the absorption of heat ?
If water prepOnderates there, then the
cold need not be so extreme as we i'm
aeiDe and just as the equator is not
everywhere hotter than the tropics,
ust as the eastern hemisphere is warm
er by ten degrees of north latitude than
the western and the northern hemi-
sphere very much warmer than the
southern, so even the Artic circle may
have the benefit of some genial infiu-
ences. It has at least half year of cor
tinuOus day. What if it be found suf
ficientIy habitable for the establishment
of stations in which the production and
economy of heat will be the only
serious difficulty q? Science is sanguine,
but it COnfesses itself to be hoping
against hope as to the matter of it's
expectations. An animal or two, seeds
that can stand any cold, some of the
lowest forms of vegetable life, and per-
haps organism. in the sea, the possible
revelations of an atmosphere completely
clear of aqueous disturbance, figure
prominently in the catalogue of hope.
If, as suspected, there be Ingredients
in the elrth's atmosphere too subtle for
chemical analysis, the spectroscope
may detect them in a region where
humidity no longer embarrasses the
question. Then what is the Aurora
Is it of earth, or of heaven? Is it
meteoric? Is it cosmic? Does it re-
veal universal medium? Is it a mag
netrc phenomenon? At about the
SEVENTEEN degree OF latitude the ex-
petition will reach the other side of
the Magnetic Pole, and will have to
steer by rules the contrary of our own,
and becoming -1ore and more complex
till the needle points finally to the
centre of the earth. At the Pole not
only the compass, but even the sun,
moon and stars, will cease to be avail
able for the usual purposes of observa-
ton that is, if anything should happen
to the chronometers, for all will then
depend on the preservation OF Green
wich time. The forlorn hope told off
for the Pole will have to mark its track
very carefully if it would be sure of
retracing its course lack again.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
THE CROPS.
Report + the Memphis Cotton Exchange.

Report of the Memphis Cotton Exchange.
The cotton exchange crop report fol
June contains the following aggregate oil
| one hundred and forty. five responses
from West Tennessee, North Alabama,
| and Arkansas of average date June %
SO, very favorable weather 81, moder-
ately favorable; 40, answer no planting
o. cotton since May Is 5 have planted
per cent. as to them 1873, answer cot.
ton stands fully satisfactory; II, an
swer per cent. average as to them ; "a,
answer very good 50, good s, moder-
ately good condition 1873, free of grass
and weeds, and well cultivated, pa TALLY
unclean and not thoroughly cultivated ;
1877, that squares are forming freely
8, not yet forming well. There are
twelve reports of blooms dating from
the 9Th to the 2ad inst. We have only
to report limited complaint of too cool
weather at night throughout small por-
tions of each department. Some little
complaint of lice, dating from the 5th
of May to about the 5th of June, but
which subsequent favorable wealth, r
has. in almost every instance, remedled.
Eighty, report very good condition OF
corn 80 good condition 7, moderate ;
80, report corn backward aud small but
healthy. All corn crops are reported as
being we'll cultivated. 107, report
wheat crops harvested, 80 being har-
vested, Is none raised 81 report pro-
tected from weather, 20 report yet re-
naming shocked in field. 100 report
other small grains in promising con-
dition, 80 untavorably, ID none raised.
81 report grass crops very favorable, so
moderate condition, 10 bad, Is none
cultivated. In regard to the morale of
labor, the unanimous reply is that
laborers are working we'll, better than
since the war;
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
LIVE RECIPRoCATED.

Only a shelter for my bead sought,
One stormy winter night;
To me the blessing of my life was brought;
Making the whole world bright.
How shall thank Thee for gift 20 sweet,
o dearest Heavenly Friend?
/ sought resting place for weary feet,
Aud found my journeys end.
Only the lstcbet of a friendly door
My tImid fingers tried;
A loving heart, with sll its precious store,
To me was opened wide. 10.
I asked for shelter from passing shower
MY sun shall always shinei "a
I would have sat beside the hearth an hour
And the whole heart was mine!
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
The Curse Of SEWN: Machines.

"A mother" replying to some stric'
lures in daily paper upon the bold,
even immodest conduct of "the beauti-
fully dressed young girls, who, out OF
school hours, parade Fifth Avenue,
Chestnut and Beacon streets" remarks
that "the censure probably would not
be so severe if it were known how many
of these beautiful dresses were cut out
and made on the machine by the wear
ers. Innocence and ignorance are the
true apologies for their unseemly be-
havior." She lays her fingers on the
handspring of all the trouble. What
but vanity and grossly vulgar subser-
vience to fashion could induce any
mother to devote her childs few leisure
hours to the construction of elaborate
costumes, marvels of shirring, knife
plating, etc., etc.9 The real martyrs
to fashion are, after all, the shabby
genteel, whose souls and bodies must
be worn ont in tOiling after her whims
and changes. But, leaving the moral
view out of the question, there are
physical reasons which should forbid
the use of the sewing machine to any
but adult women. Even to them it is
doubtful whether it has yet proved
more of a curse than blessing. On an
average, quite as much time is now de-
voted in family to the more elaborate
garments which it's use has brought
into fashion as formerly was given to
the needle, and the appalling increase
of debility and certain diseases among
women is proved to be largely due to
its use It will be of real benefit only
when garments can be made by it with
steam power, of duality and finish
which will supersede it's use in the family
altogether. Until then, this "benig-
nant domestic fairy, as it is POLITICALLY
called, one to be handled with eau
ton it has, too, it's malignant errand.
At least, let young girls keep clear of
it, and give their leisure time to higher
studies than the mysteries of stylish
costumes, and they Will not long re-
main Ignorant of the bad taste
shown in heaping shirrs and frills on
their delicate young bodies, or IN the
unseemly behavior" which no gaudy
costume can eXcuee
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

The world is too much for us; late and coon.
Getting and ending, we lsywaste our uoWers:
Little We zee I'm nature that is ours:
We nave gwen OUT hearts away, a sOrdid boon
This sea q at hares her bosom to The rruss,-
The winds that viii be bowling at al hours
And are up-aathered now ike sleeping flowers.
For this, for everything we are out Of t75ur-
10 moves us not. Great God I'd rather he
IA an, sucked in q ct ortvorn
30 might J. standing on this pleasant lea
Have glimTse- that wouIt make ne less rgrIo,,,
Have sight Of PrOteus rising from the sos
OF tear odd Triton blow his wresthed horn.
Wordsworth
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

HUMGiNG BIRDS IN PARIS. An at
tempt which has just been made to
introduce living humming birds iuto
the Jardiu discrimination has failed,
although a traveller managed to bring
six alive to Paris by feeding them with
honey. The birds we're placed in a
large cage in sunny spot and every
care was taken to shut them up directly
the evening came on, but four soon
died, and the Id north wind killed the
remaining pair. The only other hum
ming birds which have reached Europe
alive we're those brought by NJ. Delattre
IN 1855 from Central Africa, but these
died fortni. hit after their arrival IN
Paris.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
THE EIErH-HoND.

Have yOu not noted in Some family
Where two were born Of 4 first man iage-Bed,
How still they own their gracious bond thong
fed
And nUrsod ON the forgotten breast and knee =
How to their fathers children they shall he
In act and Thought # one good wilt but each
Shall for the other have iu silence sTeech,
And IN a word complete community?
Lysn So when first I saw You, seemed it, Love,
Ihat among souls allied 20 mine was vet
one nearer kindred than life hiuteyi Of
. born with ne somewhere that men forget
And though in yeHrs # sight and sound unmet
KNOWN for my souls birth-rartucr ell enough
Dante Gabriel ROayttI
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

REASON AND SPIRITUALITY
are those who await not the computsion
of some terrible hour, but who, in the
power of manhood or wOmanhOod, go
to God by a calm, sweet impulse, as
human and as divine as that which fills
our souls when we feel the friendships
and joys of earth. We cannot succeed
in this world without confessing the
powers, reason and spiritualism. The
former, alone, is atheism. The latter,
alone, is insanity. Both combined are
earth and heaven growing together,
like flowers that mihgle their colors
and perfume. 1t is spiritualism that
needs special attention in this age.
Reason is already crowned, but spirit
ualism is in rags and dust. But she is
the Cinderella of the house. All the
rags will fall from her, some day, and
reveal a raiment of matchless beauty.
Along the Pacific road there are rough
looking stones that promise little. But
polish them, and lc the depths of the
sea are in them, with floating moss and
growing fruits in crystal fields. But
the soul is better than a mOss-a0ate.
Polish up its spiritualism, and in infinite
depths you will behold a crystal sea
with both the blessedness of man and
and radiance of God.-DGUtd Surfing.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

IT WAS an ancient custom of the
Spartans, in order to inculcate among
their youth ali adherence of intemper-
ance and its kindred vices, to make
their slaves drunk with wine in the pub
lie market-places, so that the rising gen.
Grafton, upon whom would some day de-
volve the honor and safety of the Lace
demonian Republic, might see before
them all the CHASTITY details of the
drunkard's disgrace. his loss of reason,
and of physical strength. Twere well,
perhaps, to-day, could some of our
young men contemplate a similar
instructive lesson drawn from the life,
showing them by sharply drawn CON
trast, the advantages and true lowell
ness of abstinence and virtue.
For such as appreciate these, Vinegar
Bitters is the beverage best adapted, it
being purely a vegetable draught,
d void of alcohol or mineral poisOns,
and possessing all the virtues, but none
of the damning curses, of the different
poisOns which year by year are sweep
ing away thousands of dollars and lives.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

A BRooM-HoLDER.- good broom
holder may be had by laying the broom
down with the brush fiat and boring a
hole through the top of the handle with
three-eighths bit. It will not cost q
cent, and the broom can hang on any
Common nail.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

to protest against these arrnamsuts and
defences, which are probably destined
to be battered down by "ths bsrba-
rous," and at no distant time. Only,
the Chinese by that time will have been
taught by their foreign instructors how
to defend them. 1t is like selling rifles
and bowie knives to the Indians.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
ARIATNE

Far glimmerinR at the faiut-biue verge Of morn
Dim sHil, ard lgseeuiug over dreamy seas.
With s0rrOw a lifetime's tears could not apprase
7 watch i'm my great cesulafcHess f0rloTn
How unto mister distance thOU art born.
Aud mister ON the b'ithe pursuant breeze
That 'corns my passionate aZiTE with the sCOrn
or heavens screue-sDuled immOrtaliiesi
q. prlsoniUg NaNOs sud the strange, harsh love!
o. tyraunous Fste-. TO whom [ crouch slave!
o, sound and sight that sting me like ieer,
While. mercllsss in the blank broad skies above,
Cold Leus seems watching and bitterly bear
Puseidon's mockery in the breaking wayel
Edgar FawCett,
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

If HORSE has a good constitution,
and has once been good horse, no matter
how old or how much run down he may be, he
can be greatly improved, and in many re-
spects made as good a. new by liberal use OF
lSkerjddn'S Cavalry Condition POWDERS.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

A GENTLEMAN afflicted with the
chronic rheumatism says, "No descrip-
ton of my case can convey the vast amount
OF benefit l have received from the use OF
JOtnSOns AnOdgRe Linjme'h. believe it is
the best article in the world for rheumatism
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
THE USBYINys

HE heart Of GOD through his creation stirs.
We thrill to feel it, trembling on the flowers
That die 20 live again messengers
To keep faith arm in these sad hterfs of ours
The waves Of time may dcvasiate our lives.
The tr'sst OF age may cbg,ck our failing breath
Triumphant over DOUBT aud main. and death
Cecilia Thaxter
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

Coughs, Bronchitis, and all pulmonary diseases
d. TUFTS Celebrated Expectorsnt. Pleasant 10
faka
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
POETIC GEMS.


F'ron the pair is nothing hidden;
10 the twain is nauEht forbidden;
Hand in hand the comrades go,
livery nook Of nature through;
Each for other were tsey born;
Each The other best adorn.
IEnnnr-snn
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

lMp-lDIF-
There's heaUiy waiting 60 be born,
Aud harmony that makes no sound;
And bear We ever. unaware,
glory that hath not been crowned.
And m We yearu, and so We sigh,
Aud reach for more than we can see;
And. willrss Of our folded wings,
Walk PARADISE UnCuL sciouEly.
And dim'y feel the day divine
With vision half reteemed from night,
TN death shall fuse tn double life
And God himself shall give MS light.
Mrs. A. d. T. Whitney
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

LOVERS MOOD.
All the kisses that have given,
RrudEe from my soul tO-dsy,
And Of all I have ever taken,
would wipe the thought away.
How I wish my lips bad been hermits-
Held apart from kith and kin,
in=t fresh from Gods holy service,
To Loves they might enter in.
charlotte Bates in Scribu,r's,
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

10 DOLLARS PER Days S STTs s s:55 z u
Address johnson, Carl Co.. boston, Nus No. fgfh
Ctyg Pittsburgh, Pa Chicago H. 81 - Louis, mo
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

boos ever published, $50 pages, Nv Abu lllus
tratlona 81 90. 1huusAuds buy ~ ~ hghl WI.
Couid not be- induced 10 purchase the hiEh .pil -
hooks treating Of Domestic MedtCiro. lnla'
other books sold through agents thh Woih ~ Lnui
This fact together with the large fae5 elNthnl ~
pelrhnCe. and many view FEATURES nl lhe Nl''-
publiahed In this ConntTys Those Of my hgenta
who have had experience IN selling nN'. y -.
tbat in ali their previouH rnnvaasinE th never
met with such success OF made 40 large y hse.i Z.
since commencing the sale Of my work, tpf hIul
and territory address lintlualnE I've EN.lth n
Etampa ana atatlnE oMperioncgl " y hAhANN ~
~ n, XVoridis niaTpmhhry. humhlut n r
~, NNMaTk envelope 'For Publishing Dept,
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
A@~lA
lW1a2E1Lsap

GRAIN RAISERS REFUSE 70 suonh
to the wasteful and imperfect work OF Other
ThresherS when posted on the Udsf suP0toTt1
of this one, for saving grain, saving time, Ano
doing fast, thorough and economical work.
IHRESHERMEN FIND IT highly advantageous Z
run a machine that has no "BeAterS- "PickerA'
or apron that handles Damp Grain. Lont
Straw, Headings Flax, Timothy, Millett and all
such dinicuIt grain and seeds, with ENTIRE
EASE AND EFFECTIVENESS. Cleani
to perfection; saves the farIDrI ks thresh bill
by extra saving OF grain; makes 20 Litter
irgs;' requires LESS THAN 0hE-HAlF the usuA
IeltA Boxes, JournAlA and Gears easier man
aged less repairs one that grain raisers prefer
to employ and wait for, even az adv anced
prices, while other machines are "out OF JohA,
-Four sizes ms AIDE with 9, 8, 10 and IL
horse "MOunIedO Powers, also a Epe-
cIaIIy or SepRTRtOra Halone,o exPrennll
for STEAM POWER, and 90 match
other Horse Powers
Ifinterested in grain raising. or threshnE. writ
for illustrated Circulars (seHf JTes) with full
particulars OF SHEA styles priceS termA etc
NICHOLS, SHEPARD q co.,
BGttIS Creak AScAt0@
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

have given, we'll as the great number OF radical
cures they have effected has depaOnstTdfed the fact
that rupture can be surely cured without suffering
ANNOYANCE, and tDithOut ne danger ~ mourning
Spinal disease and PardlVsS Omen caused by the Sc
we're pressure of Metal Trusses and supporter. IL
is the only sure cure for Hernia a. 10 ~ the only
Truss in use that will hold the rupture - urely IN
all positions in which the body can be u aced ~
will perform radical cures when all Others fail IL
truss can he used, when once ad lusted no motion
be worn with ease and comfort when no spring
of the body or accident can ~ place H. THESE IN
struments have the unqualified q pfOvdt OF the
most eminent practitioners In the profession.
From the numerous TESTIMONIALS I'm our posses.
sion we append the following:
AMER The experience Of mon tbs patients teHti
fy strongly TO the scdcy. well 20 the odss and
freedom from Inconvenience win which the IN
strument is worn. With superior advantages, me
Elastic TT1tSs possesses in high degree ALL re-
quistes and qualifications claimed for other tnNen'
lions. / have no hesitation In regarding II As an
important means for the relief and cure of Her
MIA. J. NJ. CA RNOCHAN. NJ ID.
Eek Health ONCE of the Port OF New York sur
geor in Chief Cf New York state HopistAl." etc
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
HEbIrISg RgypFRgD USELESS,
Am aAIAmRH nEmEnN

7D. LANGEII'S NEW ASTHMA
e
%A~ AND GAIAuRH REMEDY.
~ A Having struggle trcuty between Ne and
HSEF1 death with ASIli "A, experimental by
kS pounding ropte and herbs andinhAling the med
\ ~ licins. I fortunately discovered a wonderful
ANN remedy and for Asthma and Catarfh.
Warranted 20 relieve Instantly the patient rsn
lie down to rest and sleep comfortably. Drug
gists supplied wits sample paok for THEB
UNlsS ldiatrihuti1n. address
~. I.ANGELI.. Apple Greek. Ohio
- Sold By DruEKists FuilsEs Package. - mail. ft16
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

Truss Go.
Dear SIR = Afterssu fering for thirty years, In
my person, from the use Of every form OF
Metallic Truss prOCurable I'm this country and In
Europe. /, two years ago. applied your Eldstc
TTttis and since that time ave ~ peTieuced com
fort and satisfaction. and been taught the truth
that the Elastic TRUSS s the only instrument thai
should he used for the relief and cure OF Hernia
and now after more than thirty years, continuous
practice. and having adjusted many hundreds OF
Trusses (and for the last twenty months yours eN
Clusvely). / gratefully declare Il To be my deliber
ate opinion. that your Elastic Truss is the only one
entitled TO the confidence Of the public that elias
ITCHY is the Only power at all adapted TO the re-
quirements Of a TRUSS Supporter. and am con
WINGED that your Eids,ic Tfiiis actually cures =
large proportion Of all cases TO which II " applied
not only aftOng children, but In numerous cases
within my own knowledge OF patients from - Ia
IS years of age. H. BURNHANa M. D..
Prof of Anatomy and Surgery, N. E. Medi cal
College,
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

Beware Of cheap and worthless imitation Elastic
Trusses, which some parties advertise and sell,
fraudulently representing that they are manufhc-
tHred by the Elastic Truss Co. -
These russes sent by mall TO all )Rrta 81 the
country. Satisfaction guaranteed a all cases,
Before purchasing any other, write for Descriptive
Circular gree 10 the
elastic TRUSS COMPANY,
RrnnhMnY. Now Nnrk.
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09
NICHOLS, SHEPARD q co.'s
VIBRATOR" THRESHER.

The BRILLIANT SUCCESS Of this Grain
Saving, TiYNS-SaVtng THRRSHRH,
unprecedented In the annals Of Farm Machinery
In . brief period it has become widely known
and FULLY RSTABLISHKD, as thu
PLEADING THRRSHING ma CEAINR-S
NhpOkI6~ 1B#1U
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

Cleanse the Nlt1ated BLOOD when-
ever you find its impurities bursting through
cleanse IL when you find Il obstructod and
sluggish In tho veins; cleanse Il when 4 10
foul your feelings will tell yoL when. kesP
the blood pure, and the health Of the syston
will follow.
R. n. MCDONALD a. CO.,
Druggists and Gen. gta. San Francisco. California
and cor. Of Washington aud Charlton Sta, N. Y
sold bv all Druantsfa nd DemteFs
The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1875-07-09

The properties Of d. WALNEEA
VINEGAR BlTrEHs are Apcricnt. plophuwtiD,
Carminativc. Nutritious Laxative biurotiC
Sedative, Counter luitaut. Sudoriiic, Alteru
tive mud Anti llAlAm--