The Hawaiian gazette., 1874-10-14

exist morc Ia the name and method OF curing than
any other cause"
A recent authority remarks ;-"it Is Ofea the
case that theory Is opposed 10 practice IN uphodng
The idea that there Is any substantial difference In
7 the coffee grown In different countries whetespch
difference Is really hound TO exist I, will generally Be
the result Of different modes ct cultivation aud pr-
paraton for the MARKET OF what Is known as curing
"The quantity Of rain h found TO exercise ma.
teris effect the Quaty ofthe crop aud dry ell,
mate produces better favored and more eolory
bean than the excessive moisture prevalent on some
Of the most hghly esteemed districts. both 10 the
I eastern and western hemisPhrrvs, Il may Dc meu.
ti0nv In proof OF the st Of these statements that
the sire aud appearance Of The bean have been en-.
tirvly changed by Improved Or neglected cultivation
aud Ia one vsate In ledls TIE beans arr scarcely lar
gcr than peas owing 70 the proprietor having
adopted theory Of never pruning the trees; whilst
several estates that had been neglected have improv.
Cd both In quality aud Quantity Of produce 10 an
extept scarcely credible since they have been ma,
nprcd sud pruned. Seeds from Mocha, Brazil. and
Java have been tried In Ccylou and india aud the
produce has not differed 10 any respect romthat Of
the plants already In existence there. An rxeesslve
" moist climate has further a tendency TO produce
long, weak, elongated shoots, dropping at the rN.
treuites, and the foliage thin, the Leaf long but
devoid OF substance.
The coffee tree nOarishes in hlly districts where
its root be kept dry while Its leaves are refreshed
with frequent showers. Rocky ground with rich
deeomposed molds In the hssurcs agrees best with
IL. Though il would grow to the height Of 6i(een
or twenty feet, Il is usually Kept down BY pruning
10 I've feet for increasing its produeiycnrss as well
As for the convenience Of cropping, II begius to
yield fruit the third year. but Is not generally in tun
bearing until the flh. In coffee husbapdry the
plants should be placed egb, feet apart, as the trees
throw out extensive horizontal branches, aud in
holes ten or twelve feet deep to secure constant
supply Of moisture.
The berries, as general rule, when ripe are
picked and spread out on large dying grounds, aud
dried With the pulp and parchment on the bean;
when thoroughly dry the berries are passed under
wooden rollvrs, or pounded In wooden mortars, and
the outer skin being thus removed. the beans are
WinuoNed gsrblea sized, aud packed for the mar,
ket. The coffee prepared in this way is seldom so
even in color aud appearance, but the aroma is bet
ter. This method is. however open to serious Oh.
ieetions. Owing to the much greater bulk Of the
eOee before the pulp Is removed the room for dry.
Ing would require 10 be very extensive, and as coffee
q
very thin, aud constantly turned whilst in the event
OF wet weather, or exposure to moisture, or the
equally dangerous alternative Of heapng it mp the
whole would fermeut aud DC utterly spoiledn
The system pursued by most planters for remov.
ing the pulp is by machinery. AOer being washed
aud put the barbecues 10 dry it Is OF Importance
10 keep the coffee constantly turned until it is al,
and the beans cease 10 adhere TO each
other but it should not be exposed to sun and Wind
untilthe parchment cracks as every hours exposure
10 the atmosphere afler that removed takes awsy
both from the color and the aroma Of the bean. OF
course Whist has been said presupposes that the co
lee Is picked When fully ripe, since no care in curing
Or packing will impart color flavor TO a halfripe
bean For packing, casks or cases are preferable 10
sacks, since coffee has strong attraction for damp
and for all seents, and its viii slso suffer BY
Is eouacs with any substance with which it may be
brought into connection. There are said to be ten
'arieties Of The coffee but only one is found indi-
seuous to India aud It is Questionable if this is not
be Mocha sort introduced from Arabia
The island OF Ceylou IS situated in the Indian
Ocean, sud belongs to Great Britain.
The total export OF coffee from Ceylon in the
rear ISL was valued AZ less than $4,000
in $50 the export was over 100000 lbs
Equivalent TO fully sI7,5o0OOO in the consuming
nsrSets. Within the past fifteen years even the
lumber Of coffee plantations in Ceylou have in
reasd from +04 to 1904 the extent Of land planted
rom 5000 TO $4,000 or over Sl2 square miles, aud
be crops have generally been favorable. This is
Neasive Of coffee cultivated by the natives in their
artens, supposed to cover Zoo acres more. Ma.
i've coffee is the kind usually exported from Ceylou
0 Europe, America, aud the Australian colonies,
ID it is prepared for the market after different
lshion iron the plantation kinds, which are gene
ally dsarsr. There are row 900 working coffee
iautations 10 Ceylon, requiring 20 600 coolies linen
rOmen, aud children from southern Iudis) IS cult
ale and gather crops, and worth for the Sla miles
cultivation, together with the buildings, maehin-
y and stock, not less than SIS, 600"
Tue most suitable soil in the East Iudies for the
oHee plant is thst which grows soft timber The !
test authorities seem TO confirm the opiuios Of
abore, who observes; the first (tap root finds
le quick<tone, gravelstone, or clay, the tree will
Of last long; but If it, as vel as the roots, fnd
.eir way through stony ground, and if there be
'od proportion OF mould, il suffers no ineouvenl.
Ice, a. the stones keep TIE mould together" The
rest estates are said TO be Of this latter character
son, and have given c0usecuiively heavy crops, :
ith the assistance of little or no manure; while
tates Of lighter soil, having lost nearly all the
ould and having no good subsoil, have to be reg
ariy manfred. II 4 word, a DARK choeoIate-eolor-
sol, mixed Sith snail stones, under lodges Of
ek, and bcstreEn with boulders, IS the best, and
e most favorable elevation is 5000 feet
Tei piece Of virgin ground, not far from water, 5
here the soil is rich and crumoiy is the most eli
BE for the construction OF nursery. First, the
I'd must be thOrougiy cleared, and all but the >
-gest stuups Of the forest tres rooted out; the
il must Be dug to the depth Of niue or twelve in
Is, and made as frilbls possible, then divided
10 beds With uarrcE paths between them. the seed,
parchment (generally taken from the eisteru after
Ing Pulpedl should Be PIT in row By row about SIX :
,hes apart A rope the length Of the beds is used
this purpose, stretched from one end Of the beds
the other. Theseed, ffsoEu 10 suitable weather.
% makes iis Appearances above the surfaee; 50
Il barssry made IL Nay or June Of one year has
Ints 81 70 pat 0at the sane date in the follow
year j slightly inclined Pieee OF land Is more
sira5ls for nursery, because the natural drainage
ud Be better; and IL IS in ortzut that care should
taken 10 prevent damage b. heavy raius. One -
shsl Of parehmeat eodes Is ealeaiaied to Yield
1uA 50 0o5 plants; 50 that flr clearing OF 100 -
*, four OF i've bushels Of seed would Be required
leu the young tres IN 4 nursery have STAINED !
Nth aud age At vtieh their being planted out as