, 1874-02-14
THE FARM AND GARDEN.

even au her living ::
| THE FARM AND GARDEN.
Effect OF Soil aud Climate on Dairy
| Products--Why tho West CEn Com
pete with s1ae Eust in Dalry-Product
--seodlug witt, Glover ana Timoth,
--Spring Rye and " Ehcat-dse eotogicn
Reports -. ImItuttou-Citiez-- Thre
New GFopes--PlnntinE OF Eiickor,
and Other Nuts--CrosEsy in yyAnzex-
How We Spend Our Evenings.
From 0ar Agr1cultural Correspondent
] CHAMPAIGN, H., Feb. II, 1874.
i The general impression In regard to the bes
butter and the best cheese is, that the formc
can only be produced in Orange, and the latte
| in Herkimer County New York. It is true thu
! 8 few have dissented from this general opinion
but they have given no convincing reasons there
for. In tho early days Of rie-farming, whcl
tho wild grasses we're tho chief pssturage, it va,
| generally conceded that our butter lacked tn
richness and deep-ye1low color of the Nor
York and the Now England butter. In
! time, the blue grass, the timothy, and rel
and white clover, took the place OF prairie
| grasses, and to these Was added, in tho winter:
| feed, our soft gourd.seed corn and we had
ALL THE CONDITIONS
! Of good butter and good cheese that conld pos
| sibly be presented on the bluegrass hills und
valleys Of Herkimer and Orange. But the
world was not ready to accept this as fact until
the truth had been iterntcd and reiterated a
Thousand times and oven then 1t WAS the policy
for all New York and Nav England to doubt
For long years they had supposed that Nature
had given them special charter for the making
OF the best butter and the best cheese but this
illusion is now disp9led, and the best butter
and the best cheese de, ENDS not so much on soil
OF climate as On
THE MANAGEMENT or THE M11K
to suit the changed conditions.
Laat summer, when at q meeting on the occa-
sion Of tho weekly sales Of products at Lit
tie Falls, there occurred warm discussion be-
tween the writer and several dairymen in regard
to tho relative quality Of products and profits OF
Western and Herkimer County dai1ying- With
one exception, they insisted that no other sec-
tion could approach theirs. The man who e1-
cepted had brothnr in the dairy-buainess in
kaue County, il this State; and be stated that
his brother made as good goods as lie did. and
that his profits we're very much greater; he
could not account for it. but
SUCH WAS TIE FAoT.
insisted that the matter was plain enough:
that NC had tho June grass Of Herkimer County,
under the name Of bluegrass, and TINT the
soiling with drilled [uot broadcast sown) corn,
the libera1 feeding OF corn and oats ground
together, gave d richness to-Western dairy
milk tllnt could not be exceeded at the East.
Then the cheaper lands, and tho cheaper corn
settled the matter OF profit For many years
to como there will be home-de1nand in tho
South. West. and arnong tho lumber and mining
districts, for all the dairy. products that will DO
produced. We need not look for market in
New York, Boston, or Liverpool, for
THE MARKET IS At HONE
But do not wish to have the proof OF the
value OF Our dairy-products rest on our own
soil and climate are not the only factors Of
value; rich feed, and skill in managing the milk
under changed conditions, are to be taken into
consideration. At the American Dairymen's As
socatioa, lately held in New York,
MR.. H. L. WILLARD
gave tho following views on thi8 point:
This idea that the darybusincss be successful
ly presented only In few favored localities and upon
certain kind Of soil has, for years. been gradu-
uay giving way, Us kDoNledgB and experience hare
from time to time abundantly demonstrated the fAlta
cy of this notion. Before the facory-eyBten in
troduced aud when tie art Of making ne butter and
and certain sections OF the country, the failure to
produce good artclo in new localities WAS, naturally
some defect In the food which it produced.
It is true the food which the COW eata has BONE
thing to do Th hs quality and aser e Of the e4eas
good miik be produced from great variety Of |
rassts and other foods, and is not confined within
the narrow limits which Vas At one time SUPPRESSED
But that the character Of dairy-products ID not
much influenced by soils has 1ecn commonly sup
posed is proved by the continued approximation
which different sections are making, from year to
year. to high standard Of excellence III both butter
and cheese, few years ago, Ohio cheese mad > bad
It has been 80 improved that some Of our Eastern
markets, like Boston, and Philadelphia, find it quite
,qusl to that obtained from New Yosk.
Fine cheese Is also produced in Illinois and Wiacon-
lin Canada hax improved her product that it BE-
gins to be greatly desired in the English markets. and
obtained for not inferior to those obtained
or much OF tho New York makc.
These facts, think, must prove that the dairy may
carried broader extent Of country than many
ayorable, we may reasonably hope to make datrytng
uccessful on variety Of sois,-h they are fertile
nd a1ablc,-by proper manipulation of tho milk.
Our people need not bo discouraged; for,
lie growth Of pasturage, and land suitable for
he growing Of corn In drills tor soiliug, with
supply Of cheap corn and oats that may be
round for feed. We have conditions that should
the dairy. We can letter tide over
he long snmmer-dronghts OF the West With
ur Eastern friends can their long, cold winters.
CLOVER AND TIMOTHY.
ASHLAND Cass Co., Ill, Feb. 2, 1874.
s, s hea IN eo, o1 he ost 5or W W. baw
much seed Of each per ace7 II clover will duot do,
iould Son sow spring re Or wheat: and how much
EAS8-aeeQ WILL Tue NAeot Eftt 4u6 Auu III ul7Ck
rntrie }oa1n rathep bad ad wei and has Light crop
corn STALKS now on It. It Is not fenced to
asture It aeparately, and would like to NOW 1t for
~. 7. a. Il.
For tho sowing of clover. the land should be
repaired in tie autumn, though, if it can bo
arrowcd early, TIE may often get good catch
t seed. In this case, the only process is to
arrow down the stalks, SOW On the clover ana
mothy-seed, and then roll the surface. II the
eason is favorable, good crop may follow. II
owing is done among the stalks. though there
light be good stand OF grass and clover. yet
10 corn-stalks would bo much in the way Of
1tting and harvesting the crop.
Clover does not succeed well on vet land, at
,ast where tho water stanGs for auy length Of
me; and, il that is the case, it had better be
1T out.
4 DOUBTFUL PAYING CROP
q such land and, il hay is the object, then
rass-seed had better be soVn without these |
ops.
The quantity Of seed depends On the condi-
on Of the soil. II III fne tilth, aud the weather
.vorable, six quarts OF grass-seed or four each
clover and timothy, is abundant; but, II not
good tith. . peck OF each will be considered
nall quantity when you come to harvest the .
ops !
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
CKsEAAL1A. H., Feb 4, 1871
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