The Rutland daily globe. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1873-1877, 1874-12-08
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT.

been undertaken and completed, and two
vessels of the navy are now employed, in
conjunction with those of England, France,
Germany and Russia, In observations con-
nected with the transit of Venus, SO useful
md interesting to the scientific world. The
estimates for this branch of the public ser
vice do not differ materially from those
Of last year. those for the general
support of the service being somewhat
less, and those for permanent improve
ments at the various stations rather
larger than the corresponding estimate
made year ago. The regular mainten-
ance and a steady increase IN the efficiency
of this most important arm in proportion
to the growth of our maritime intercourse
and interests is recommended to the atten-
ton Of Congress. The use of the navy in
time of peace might be further utilized by
q direct authorization of employment of
naval vessels in explorations and surveys
of the supposed navigabc waters of other
natioualitics on this continent, especially
the tributaries of two great rivers of South
America, the Orinoco and Amazon.
Nothing prevents, under the existing laws,
such expeditions, except that expenditures
must be made in such expeditions beyond
those usually provided for in appropra-
tons The field designated is unquestion-
ably one of interest and one capable of
large development of commercial interests,
advantageous to people reached and those
who may establish relations with them.
EDUCATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS.
The education Of the people entitled to
the exercise of the right of franchise | re-
gard essential to general prosperity every
where and especially so in republics, where
both education or previous condition does
not enter into account in giving suffrage.
Next to the public school the postotiice is
the great agent of education over our vast
territory. The rapdity with which new
sections are being settled, thus increasing
the carrying of mails in more rapid ratio
than the increase of receipts is not alarm.
ing. The
REPORT or THE POsTMAsTRR-GENEnAI
herewith attached shows that there was an
increase OF revenue in his department in
1878 over the previous year of S1,614,411,
and an increase of cost of carving the
mails and paying employees of S3,041 ,4GS.
The report of the postmaster general gives
interesting statistics of his department and
comparing them with corresponding Stats
ties CT a year ago show growth in every
branch Of the department. A postal con
vcniion has been concluded with New
South Wales, an exchange of postal cards
established with Switzerland and negotia
lions pending for several years with France
have terminated in Il convention with thai
county which went into effect last Au
gust. An international postal congress!
was convened in Berne. Switzerland, II
September last in which the United States
was represented by an officer of the pos
office department of much experience ant
of qualification for the position. A con
vention for the establishment OF ar inter
national postal union was agreed upon and
signed by delegates of the countries repre-
scented, subject to the approval of the
proper authorities OF those countries.
respectfully direct your attention to the
report of the post master-general and tC
lns suggestions in regard 10 an equitable
adjustment OF the question of compensa
ton to railroads for carrying mails.
Your attention will be drawn to the un
settled condition of affairs in some of tn,
southern states.
LOUISIANA AFFAIRS.
On the 18th of September last the gov
ernor Of Louisiana called upon me, as pro
| vidcd by the constitution and laws of tn
| United States, to aid in suppressing of do
nestle violence in that state. This cal
was made in view of n proclamation ISSUED
on that day by ID. i. Penn, claiming tina
he WAS elected lieutenant governor in 1877:
and calling upon the militia of the state t.
arm, assemble, and drive from power tn,
usurpels, as he designated the officers o
the state government. On the next day
issued my proclamation and commanded
the insurgents to dispersc within five day
from the date thereof. and subsequent,
| learned that on that date they had takei
| fnrciblc possession of the state house
| Troops were taken by me to support tn,
existing and recognized state government
but before the expiration of the five day
the insurrectiOnary movement was practi
cally abandoned.and. the officers of the stat
| government, with some minor exceptions
resumed their powers and duties. Consid
erng that the present state administration
of Louisiana has been the only government
in that state for nearly two years, that i
has been tacitly acknowledged ant
acquesced in as such by congress, and NOR
than once expressly recognized by me,
regarded it as my clear duty, when legal,
called upon for that purpose, to prevent it
overthrow by an armed mob under pretenc
of fraud and irregularity in the election o
1872. | have heretofore called the atten
ton of congress to the subject, stating tina
mitted at said election, and because it ap
peaIed that the returns thereof were neve
legally canvassed, it was impossible to tel
thereby who were chosen. But from tn
best sources of information at my commant
| have always believed that the presen
state officers received majority of the lega
votes actually cast at that election. | repea
what said in my special message of Feb
ruary 18th, 1878, that, in the event of II,
action by congress, must continue to re
cognze the government heretofore recog
nized by me, regret to say with the pre-
paratiOns for the late elections decided
TIE WHITE LEAGUES, ETC.
Indications appeared in some localities il
the southern states of determination by
acts of violence and intimidation to depriv
citizens of the freedom of ballot, because o
their political opinions. Bands of men
masked and armed made their appearance,
while leagues and other societies wer
formed; large quantities of arms ant
ammunition were imported and distributed
to these organizations. Military drills
with menacing demonstrations were held
and with all these murders enough wer
committed to spread terror among thos
whose political action was TO be suppressed
if possible by these intolerant and crimina
proceedings. In some places colored labor
ers were compelled to work according t,
the wishes OF their employers, under threat
of discharge If they acted otherwise, ant
there are too many instances in which
when these threats were disrcgarded they
were remorselessly executed by those wh'
made them.
| understand that the 10th amendmen
to the constitution was made to proven
this like state of things, and the act of Ma,
81. 1870, with amendments, was passed t
enforce its provisions, the object of THU
being to guarantee to all citizens the RICH
to vote, and to protect them in the free en-
joyment of that right, enjoined by the con
stitution, TO take care that the laws b,
faithfully executed, and convinced by un
doubted evidence that violations of sale
act had been committed, and that a wide
spread and fragrant disregard of it was con
templated, proper officers We're instructed
to prosecute offenders, and troops wer
stationed at convenient points to aid thes,
officers, if necessary, in the performanc,
of their official duties. Complaints are