The New York herald., 1874-09-09
War of Races and Renu.
diatiOn Imminent.
GENERAL CONFERENCES OF THE PAST
The Hartford Convention and Nulli.
flcatiOn in South Carolina.
The PEACE CONVENTION IN 1861.

upon the expulsion OF the French from the Ohio,
aud they recommended union among the colonies
for their mutual defence. A convention OF dele
gates from seven OF the colonies assembled at AL
bany, IN this State, to hold conference with the
Five Nations, whose friendship would be OF the
greatest value in prosecuting war against the
French. A programme, which was to have the
sanction Of Parliament to give 1t efficiency, was
recommended, by which representatives chosen by
the colonies were to have power to raise forces by
land and sea, levy imposts and taxes and appoint
ofncersthe grand council to consist Of iorty eight
members, distributed among eleven colonies,
under president to be appointed by the
Grown. The plan of this confederation turned
out to be unacceptable to all parties. Il
was not approved In this country on account OF
the large powers given TO the President, depend
ent as he would be on the home government; and
II was not approved in England because OF the
'mpatience manifested at that time, and for years
before, Of the control exercised by Parliament in
American affairs 1t was considered that an or
ganization OF the kind proposed would be danger
GUS to the authority Of the mother country and
the result was the scheme was abandoned.
NATIONAL CONVENTION TO ADJUST MARITIME
RIGHTS.
The next convention held was in refer ence TO
the commercial interests of the States bordering
on Chesapeake Bay. 1t assembled at Annapolis,
Nd, three years after the independence of the
United States was acknowledged by Great Britain
and three years prior to the adoption OF the fed
eral constitution. Among the strong in.
hucements to an enlargement Of the
powers Of the general government. CON-
mercial differences among the members
Of the confederacy exerted principal agency in
bringing about cnanRe in their civil polity.
These differences were Of no ordinary gravity, and
required the judgment and experience OF the
fathers OF the Republic for their satisfactory
adjustment. Situated as Maryland and Virginia
were, in having several ports adapted for trade on
the same great estuary-Chesapeake Bay and its
waters-the spirit of trade rivalry was soon ex-
cited between them, when it was found that the
concessions and sacrifices which one State was
willing to make were met by similar concessions
and sacrifices on the part OF the other, and thus
an uncOmpensated loss was sustained by both. 1t
was, moreover, as remarked above, o constant
SOURCE OF mutual irritation, jealousy and discord.
The interests OF virg MIA and Maryland strongly
urged them to agree on some uniform
system OF duties and other commercial regu-
iat.ons. No successful effort had been made to
effect II until accident, concurring with patriotic
sagacity brought it about, for the purpose OF
forming compromise concerning the jurisdiction
VI the Potomac ana a part OF Chesapeake Bay, con-
States, as those waters were common to both.
Those States in 1886 appointed commissioners to
meet &C Alexandra, Va, in March Of that year.
They made visit to Mount Vernon, and while
there agreed ON the suggestion OF Mr.. Madison,
who was one OF the commissioners, ana, with
THE CONCURRENCE OF WASHINGTON.
10 advise their respective States to make an ar
rangement for the support OF naval force in the
Chesapeake. at their joint expense; and also to
establish tariff OF duties common to both States.
These propositions were adopted by the Virginia
Legislature. Maryland, however, qualified her
consent to the proposition by condition that
they should first be made to the neighboring
States Of Delaware and Pennsylvania. But Mr..
Madison, anticipating that the two latter might
also require the concurrence Of other States and
thus perhaps defeat protract the proposed re-
form, was induced to propose meeting OF COM
missiOners from all the States. The resolutions
prepared by him were adopted. according to which
the other States ut place and time to be agreed
upon, Ito take into consideration the trade OF the
and trade Of those States to consider how far a
nniiorm system in their commercial relations may
be necessary to their common interests and their
permanent harmony, and to report to the several
Btates such an act relative to this great object as
when unanimously ratified by them will
to erectually provide for the same" Nine
out Of the thirteen original States app0tn ted dele
20 These a New Nve
Pennsylvania, Delaware and Virginia, ana what
was remarkable the state In which they sat had
and the limited powers confded to them the COM
missiOners decided to adopt no other measures
ers % Of DEPUTIES for the purposs
general revision OF the federal system. The
address was drawn up BY Alexander Hamilton.
the convention that met IN Philadelphia and which
framed the constitution Of the United States.
ssss Sa
grand national assembage. over which ashing-
ton presided, settled the question, as well as Oil
Others relating to the general interests OF the
country.
THE HARTFORD CONVENTION.
Dnring the war OF 1879 there was widespread
states In reference TO the embargo, nonimporta-
ti0ns and nOD.lntercOurSe. Though Madis0n'S ad-
as coaIi be expected IN any Country ia % WHEN the
people are accustomed to form opinions on public
measures and free to express them, yet, IN the
important section or the Union mentioned, the
majority OF the people appeared to be decidedly
opposed TO the prosecution Of hostilites with Eng
land. The merchants and shpowners who con-
stIsuted the most weighty and wealthy classes,
were undoubtedly sufferers by the existence OF
war, and this injury to their interests gave
fnrther acerbity TO their political Feelings. The
nrst serious movement clearly indicating dis
affection to the general government by q num-
Of .ns state Of aa was manu-
Tested IN various ways in the annual addresses OF
governors, In long, argumentative reports Oh legis-
lative committees, In laws to embarrass the action
OF the federal government when preparing Tor war
and in carrying 1t on when 1t was declared; and
IN reference the raising OF men Tor the INVASION
0i Canada, or even to march beyond the lines OF
tnelr own states. On one occasion, when VIC
tory hlghly honorable to the bravery and skill OF
the American Navy had taken place. member OF
tne massachusetts, Legislature formally moved
resolution that ut did not become
A MORAL AND RELIGIOUS PEOPLE
tofeyolce a. victories obtained In such war;
An assemDlage OF delegates met at Hartford De-
eeMDer TO- 1914 In response to an Invitation from
massachusetts,, which was iully represented, Con-
nectlcut sent seven representatives Rhode Island
four; two appeared from New Hampshire, aud
one from vermont not sent by the states, but
by the separate counties. The ayowed object
Oi the meculng was To originate measures to pro-
cure the united EFFORTS OF the commercial states to
procure such amendments OF the constitution as
would secure them from future evils It was
claimed that the defence OF the New England coast
was neglected, and the British we're beginning 60
attack It with vigor. Stontngton, Conn.,, was
bombsrdcd, Castlne and all Maine cast OF the
Pen0bsCOt was taken possession OF, while a rumor
ekAe A A.k.. =