The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-02-17

traordinary csc pc OF at least a large portion OF
them. Wae2 they thought that nineteen persons
In al-nen, women and chdren-noate on q
cake o, ice, Ia tho dark, from the 18th of october
nntl the ist Of Ma l-isi da,s or Six months and =
hali-henR at one tine reduced tO u biscuit apiece
ana small portion OF pc.nlcan-saved rom death
whie hoatihg On this Ice roia eighty degrees TO
elxhty-nlne north latitude--it must be ac-
knOwedged that there was nothing like IL IN
the whole history OF human distress. Re Judge
Da!y) did NOT propose TO say any thing In respect
10 the ROAR expeditions In particular, or as 10 the
result oil those expeditions, A very distinguished
menDer or those expeditions DR.. Hayes who
devoted his time IN the regions explored BY the
Polaris Was here, and ne Judge DAILY would ask
that gentleman TO say some thing regard To That
expedition, as 1t wonid cone more appropriately
from MIN, ne BENZ at present the most dstin-
gui-hed OF Arctic explorers (Cheers.) there was
also present Tonight their venerable exPrestdent,
tie nrst expedition IN TINS country or the rescue
OF Sir John fran Alin, and that ;OiIowed up by
produce d relic Of that expedition. there small
american nag was brought upon the plat
form amid loud Cheers, That boat nag, continued
ton OF Wilkes, and mad been further TO the
south OF the globe and further to the north than
any other nag nad ever aoated Enthusiastic
Cheers) IL went out In the first expedition sent
by Grinneii and came back; 1t went out again
with Hayes he denvered 1t mic Mr.. Grlnneli's
CUSTODY Tor Hall; 1t went with Hall; IL was among
the valuable relics brought back. and MI. Grlnnen
had asked him T. say that he would send It again
Pole. al, and not Tor any other. (cheers.l
U
member OF the society, who was EXPIRE sly hon
ored oy captain Hall by having his name asso-
iCheers He should cali on Mr. Brevoort to say a
few words. Among the survivors OF the crew OF
the Polaris there were present tonight Captain
Joe, and Hannah and the child. tCheers)
On on tue c, other side of the platform tuere
OIL the sufferers on the ice cake, and toe other
brave Seamen who were rescued rom that perl
lous position. He had almost forgotten an ,mpor-
member pXnp6tfiAH ia
the survvorsare largely Indebted Tor their rescue
Norton mate OF the vessel, who was unable to he
gent man, whom he Judge Day. had seen re-
Gently. He wrote him brlel letter, expressing
his regret that he could not lie present ana saying
that he wished Joe to be thanked, because, only
tor the efforts Of Joe, he believed he would never
have seen the United States. tCheers.) Judge
Day then introduced to the meeting Dr. Hayes.
tCheers.}
DIR. j. J. HAYES REMARKS
Mr.. PRESIDENT AND FELLOwS or THE AMERICAN
GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN
! VIII not detan you long. There is here .'metal
more atrac NV, You nave before You the omcers
10 meet and to wnom you would do honor. The
Chef Justice, as President OF this Society, has IN
TO the general subject OF Arctic geography, and
with your leave will invite your attention TO the
map Dehind me- which speaks Tor itself. 1t shows
tne Arctic World In clrcumpolar projection. On the
one side we have tue northern coast OF Europe
ana ASA, On the other side, OF North
America. ana IN continuous line beyond we have
Greenland, sptzbergen ana Nova Zembla. Against
TINS land LES the great Arctic Ice belt barrier,
wncn has thus far deded all the efforts OF man to
break completely through. Within 1t we have the
"oDen Polar Sea- that myth OF ignorance, the
wonder OF the wise. 1t IS interesting to inquire
why TINS sea should ever nave been even dreamed
OF. You know there was time when he world
was thought to De level plain, supported at each
was huge turtle anu unoer each turtle a huge
nothing. Then the north was bOunu by tie noun
sides came the piercing north wind. Afterwards
we find those wonderful Ph9nl ian merchants
creeping along the shores OF the Mediterranean,
passing at length the PILLARS OF Hercules, winch
thus lar had been thought to bound the word in
the West, and, bravng the pillows OF the Atlantic,
made their ultima Thule" or the worlds end at
the Shetland Islands, beyond which lies a re.
glon where There is neither air, earth nor water"
Then we see developing in succession the grand
colonial system OF Carthage, the Roman Empire,
Venice, the proud Queen OF the Aariatc; ana then,
with the sinking OF the maritime spirit of the
and mere, at the little town OF Sagres overlooking
the sea, we find growing up, as the Chlef Justice,
the first Geographical society. Among the
geographers there were Da Cana, who reached
India by doubling the southern cape of Africa ;
Columbus who, conceiving the idea that the same
thing could DE done in another way, sailed west
ward and conducted his SHIPS TO new world, aud
Magellan, VINO first poughed with vessels Keel a
track around the word. And now 1t was that
Spalu and PORTUGAL became m0narchs OF the ocean.
The Pope gave to the one all d America and TO the
other all OF Africa, and these two nations held firm
possession o the south sea. ut is strange" said
the King OF France, that the Lord should have or
England and Holland set ABOUT trying to reach
the East-the rich countries OF lnda aud Cathay-
by the north. will not detaln you with any pro-
longed account OF the various expeditions IN mat
direction 1t is enough lor me to say that an en-
terprise, beginning soon alter the discovery OF
America, was continued through more than three
centuries, and was not brought to a close until
the DISASTROUS voyage OF Sir John Franklin proved
to the world that commerce had no chance by the
Arctic seas. For, understand, the wnole question
OF Arctic discovery. up TO within lew years, has
been AN affair OF commerce, and not of
ma
has done in the Arctic world, but formerly 1t was
what merchants could do there. TO mercantile
toward Arctic discovery. Inc merchant mas
indeed Always been the pioneer IN geographical
conquerlng armies have been The leaders in
civinzed progress, but 1t is not SO. The merchant
has invariably been the pioneer. 1t is the spirit or
adventure inspired by the spirit or desire OF gain
That mas throughout all time led men into untrOd-
den feds. Men will go further and dare more in
pursuit OF gain than in the chase OF glory-more
even than in support oil their religion.
The merchant is not one who merely buys
and sells In ancient times he commanded
ships and fought battles; in later days he was the
trusted counsellor OF kings In our own time he IS
the master OF empires. He was In Persia and In
der the Great; he was in Tartary and China before
the priest. 1t was party OF merchants travelling
from the base OF Mount Ararat to Trade with the
Roman merchants at Antioch who, learning by
the way that King OF the Jews had been born IN
Bethlehem Of Judea turned aside rom their
course to do Him homage and to make HIM ricn
present OF spices and OF myrrh. But this is wan.
derng from the subject. Let US come once more
to the map. Franklin tailed, and his
party. as you all know, were lost
"thick-riboed lce," Without accomplishing q
Northwest passage. That passage was made, how
ever. by Mcclure in 1885, but II only resulted in
showing that no route by the Arctic waters could
be found and made practicable And now, COM
merce reslgning her place, science claims this
great unknown waste about the North Pole OF the
earth as her own, and nearly all the civilized
nations Of the globe are busily seeking in her
service to plant the emblem OF their nationality
at the northern axis OF the earth. With the
progress OF the search for Franklin you are all
familiar. You recall the names OF McCnntock,
OF Mcclure, OF COllipSOn, OF Richardson, OF
Rae, OF Bellot, OF Meecham, OF lnglefed, Of
Rcnards OF our own gallant De Haven
and OF the late Captain Hail from Repulse Bay.
You will also recall the memorable expedition OF
DR.. Kane, which,, fitted out by the muliifcent lib
upon the theory that Franklin mad attempted the
route by Smiths Sound. / need not tell you that
lie was on the wrong track; but he did reach 1.-THE