The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1874-02-12


ant one that it Will enable cotton-laden |
vessels 10 carry much larger cargoes,
besides securing increased faclll- |
ty in handling and decreased danger |
from destruction by fire or injury by
moisture.
BEST TIAfE FOR PAINTING HOUSES. =
The best time for painting the exterior
of buildings is late in autumn or during
the winter. Paint then employed will |
endure twice as long as when applied in
early summer or hot weather. In the |
former it dries slowly and becomes hard, |
like glazed surface, not easily affected
afterward by the weather, or worn eff
by the beating of storms. But in very
hot weather the oil in the paint soaks
into the wood at once, as into a sponge,
leaving the lead nearly dry, and nearly
ready to crumble of This last difficult
ty, however, might be guarded against,
though at an increased expense, by first
going over the surface with raw oil. BY
painting in cold weather, one annoy
ance might certainly be escaped, namely,
the collection of small flies in the fresh
paint.
WASHING OoMPoUND. The use of
soda for washing linen is very injurious
color. In Germany and Belgium the
following mixture is now extensively
and beneticially used: Two pounds of
soap is dissolved in about FIVE gallons of
water as hot as the hand can bear it
then next is added to this fluid three
large-sized tablespoonfuls of liquid
ammonia and one spoonful of best oil
of turpentine. These fluids are incor-
porated rapidly by means of beating
them together with q small birch broom.
The linen is then soaked in this liquid
for three hours, care being taken to
cover the washing tub by closely-fit-
ting wooded cover. BY this means the
linen is thoroughly cleaned, saving
much rubbing, time and fuel. Ammo
MIA does not affect the linen or wooden
goods, and is largely used as a liquor
In the north of England.
THE YOKE IS UNEASY. Even the
speed of the OK is increased by the use
of the horse gear when by means of
the yoke, he is fastened TO the vehicle
only by the neck, his body SWAPS awk-
wardly about, his fore-feet close to the
tongue, and his hind ones often at
distance from it with this angular
movement he seems to labor at a great
disadvantage, whereas, in the harness,
~
rect line with its work, which must be
of great advantage. The increase of
power and speed, obtainable in working
oxen by the method here commended,
to say nothing of the relief TO the poor
beast in Kidding it of a heavy and I'M
yielding pressure upon that most SEN
sitive part of the animal. the top of the
vertebrae, should be sufficient induce
meut for our farmers TO substitute the
harness for the yoke. For the sake OF
mercy, let some means be devised and
adopted to relieve the patient OK from
the torture Of the yoke.
How TOY KILL AN ASnIA1. WITHOUT
SUFFERNG.-Many persons would be
glad TO know how TO kill an animal
without giving suffering, and we ven
ture to give the benefit of our expert
ence. We are constantly called upon
to destroy horses, dogs and cats, and
have little difficulty in doing it. For
horses we use a large sponge, say six
inches in diameter, thoroughly satin
rated with chloroform. which il dropped
into bag largo enough to be drawn
over the horses nose. It is not desira-
BILE to have the bag " air-tight :" for, if
so, sutfocation is likely to ensue. In
two or three minutes the horse is IN
conscious, and in eight or ten minutes
dead, without suffering. For dogs and
cats a similar process, using a small
sponge and bag or these animals with
the saturated sponge, may be put in a
box admitting some air, when they soon
ego to sleep" Seventy.five cents
worth of chloroform will kill horse,
and twenty-five a dog or cat. If one
saturation of the sponge does not COM
plete the work, repeat it.
THE GREAT LAVA FIELDS WEsr OF
TIE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. Prof. LIE Conte
of the California state university con-
siders the Cascade mountain regions
one OF the most interesting fields fol
geological research on the earth. in
connection with the great overflow OF
lava which deluged the territories of the
northwest in past ages, the professor
says The principal point of eruption
from the great central cauldron was at
the Cascade mountains in Oregon,
which are of themselves one solid mass
of lava. From this center the lava
overfiowed great portion of Oregon,
Washington territory, all of noltheru
California, and vast sections of Nevada,
Montana and Idaho. The lava flood
covered an area of at least 200, DOC
square miles, as far as explored, and il
would probably be found to extend over
n surface of 800, 900 square miles, as It's
limit northward had never been deter
mined. The depth of the lava crust
varied from upward of 5000 feet in the
Cascade and Blue mountain region. to
one and two hundred feet and less at
remote points on the outer edge of the
overflow. Where the tremendous gorge
of the Columbus river cut through the
lava bed, It had depth of 3. 500 feet.
The exploration of Prof LIE Conte had
determined that the great lava flood
pertained to comparatively recent ge-
illogical period, and he assigns the erup.
tion TO the latter part of the miocene,
possibly extending to the post-tertiary.
In the great canon of the Columbia riv-
er, beneath this immense layer of lava,
he had discovered the petritied stumps
OF trees, beds Of leaves, and all eviden-
ces of great forest once existing on a
level corresponding with the present
surface of the river. Above this forest
came drift period, and il was buried
in heavy layer of conglome-ate before
the overflow of 5000 feet of lava.
OZONE AND IT'S PHYSIOLOGICAL. Eff.
FE0rs.-Ozone is a colorless gas, with a
powerful and peculiar odor. Like oxy.
gen, it is an oxodizing agent of great
power. 1t changes indigo into isatine,
the black sulphate of lead into the
white sulphate of lead. 1t oxodizes
anthony, manganese. arsenic, iron,
zinc, tin, silver, lead, bismuth, and
mercury. Many of tho lower oxides il
transforms into peroxides. II corrodes
India-rpbber and decolorizes blue lit
mus-paper. II acts with great rapidity
on iodine Of potassium. liberating the
iodine. It quickly consumes ammonia,
changing it INTO nitrate. 1t decomposes
hydrochloric acid, hberating the chic.
rine. IL is insoluble in acids, alkalies,
alcohol, ether, the essential oils, and
water. The odor of ozone is very pen.
etrating; air containing but one mil
Eonth of il is said to be perceptible 10
the olfactories. The peculiar odor OF
sea air Is in part the result of ozone.
All air, even the purest, has more OF
less ozone but so accustomed do we
become To it that u is only by sudden
change into IL that we can perceive it.
Visitors at the Mammoth cave, Ken.
lucky, report that, on emerging, the ail
has peculiar and vivid odor sur,l, as