davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
n NEW CHAPEL AT YALB.

Russell Sturgis of this city has furnished
the plans for central chapel for Yale College, and
ts erection just been begun The new buildings arc
intended to form, when completed, large quadrangle
about $50 feet each side, incosing the coeRereen
or campus which will ultimately become an unbroken
lawn The two dormitories above mentioned and tho
now chapel will angle OF this proposed quad
range the chapel being at the Of College and
Elm.sts and connecting with Farnam COLLEGE on the
former and Durfee College on the latter.
The ediice will DO built OF Jersey stone rom the
Newark Quarres with the carved and other ornamental
work Of Wortbington stone from Ohio and the sill
courses and other exposed parts OF dark blue stone
from Maiden. N. Y. Massvenese and simplicity VIII
constitute the prevailing features OF the structure
There will be spre, and the projections OF the tran
septs and porches to be only slight Indeed 1t will
he treated as forming part of the great Quadrangle
1t is intended however, that there shall be great rich
ness In the details. An elaborate arcade. which will
also act stay butress tothe walls, VIII SURROUND
brace great deal OF elaborate sculpture The building
will he capable Of seating about!1No persons; VIII
he 126 feet In length, but with its arcbed porch
forming entrance TO the quadrangle, viii
represent total length Of 5o feet The hight to the
wood Il Ia believed that many OF the windows will be
presented by persons wishing to erect memorials either
to Students Of the college who lost their lives during the
UnyeTy' In this way it Is Expected that very orna
mental and costly stained glass windows will be con-
the direction OF the architect, they can be
made 10 harmonic with one another and
part Of tho ground floor TO be occupied Sundays by
the students OF the Undergraduate Department Ihe
10 this will be entirely from the College
green. There Ia TO be gallery the yestibue at the
west end, and smaller gallery IN each transept Ihese
$50 persons TO he approached by separate entrances
on College and Elmsts. over the archway, when VIII
fecious meetings Of the students entire cost Of
the chapel is estimated at Sl2J,CW
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
THE TAX on MORTGAGES.

To the Rditor OF The Trtbune.
SIR: This important measure Is again be-
fore the Legislature and, like other kindred bills
having direct bearing upon the welfare and prosper
y of people such the repeal OF the usury laws
and the reforming and remodeng OF onerous,
unjust and patchwork system OF taxationif system 1t
can be calledbds fair to be thrust aside smothered
by the many schemes OF questionable character but
apparently of personal interest 10 some OF the
members OF the legislature unless the friends Of the
act rally 10 its support What though petitions more
than before are pouring In to our law
makers; what though arguments most potent and con-
vIncing urged TO show the great necessity of this
law TO relieve the landhoder Oyerburdeued by taxes,
TO give employment TO the mechanic and laborer, to
develop building interests and to the pro-
duclion OF building materials. Have not all these
things urged before several past but
thus far all yaiu Why thsi Is II because this Is
of those acts in which there u lacking that vslz
ing power supposed To be Inherent in bones ~ Or ia
the true which has reached NewYork that II has
been openly proclaimed IN certain circles In Albany
only owing 10 The unreasOnlg prejudice OF the members
from tile rural districts that the bill slumbersi
Whatever NAV be The OF the apparent hesitation
OF The lie gsature the subject thing rtan
--ihe tax on mortgages is doomedl IL may not " die
the death" tins Winter but its life is short. This Is
manifest from the RAPID manner IN which the people
have been converted 10 the side Of the exemponists
when the oill for the exemption OF mortgages was first
Introduced, some four five years ago. by Mr. Jacobs
OF Brooklyn II could rally 20 is support cor
p0ras guard IN bOth Houses aud but few newspapers
throughout the state treated the contemplated act OF
sufficient Importance for passing notice while at
the last session the law within half a OF votes
OF majority IN the Assembly, and II had for advo
Gates some ~ the abest members OF both Houses This
Winter It's Old trends have not deserted g. and new
ones have been added When tho proposed law comes
mp Tor DISCUSSION, II Will have for is champions many
The Ieadng minds OF both senate aud Assembly, such
~ JACOBS. Robertson King aud OF the senate,
and BatcheeI Prince, Beehe, Hustled, and AlDerger OF
the As mtly. Ict tue friends OF the bil therefore,
pat forth at once their best cudoayors aud let their
tcuuu be LHf uniting aud persistent, and tbcir chances
o. success VIII he c.-H-ed " certainty, N,u. L.
AIr-l Ofk, I,b. 10, ltis
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
THE KINGS COUNTY CHARITY FRAUDS.


The Committee of the Brooklyn Board OF
Supervisors, consisting OF Messrs. Ropes, zndel and
Fry appointed TO examine the books and papers OF the
Commissioners Of Charities continued their inyesga-
lions Yesterday q, the Almhouse in Flatbush super
visor Ropes requested permission TO see the requson
upon which call for liquor was made for the hospital
Mr. Murtha the clerk, presented requisition datea
Feb g. 1874 upon which Dr. Schenck asked Tor one par
rel of whisky and one barrel Of sherry wine for the drug
store Supervisor Ropes said that these articles were
bought al a considerable reduction from last year
prices the sherry costing last year 81 80 gallon anu
this year s. go Whisky previously cost s. gallon anu
at present costs g. co. Mr.. Murha said the quay Oh
the LIQUORS was the same both years. The members OF
the Committee then compared tho purchases OF
goods bought in open market IN 1878 and 1878
when IL was discovered that the gain ranged
from Is TO 10 per cent. This suggested to MI Ropes
that the Commissioners had been looking out more
cIosey of late for the interests of the Taxpayers Mr.
Murtba said that Messrs. Powell aud Scott composed
tne Supply Committee last year. and McSsrs refSusoh
and Midas this year. When they make purchases, lIcy
do not 20 into the open market and bay but SEND orders
for goods Supervisor Ropes then examined nuinDsr
of recepted bills for 1873, bearing The heading j. ~
Campbell. grocers, No AZ Neseyst., New lOfK lie
said: Ihose men do business in Newfork, ana un-
derstand thew come Brooklyn once every year
for about three and store In WIlOuShof-
st. This is suspicious" In speaking OF the charges Tor
per cent more than their value had been asked ibe
bills OF Early Lane examined with similar results
Howard Fuers bills for ale at sl2 barrel were Also
sad TO be eXOTDltant
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19

HIGHT and gives 70 the cabin bright and cheerful sp
pearance Tho cabin Ii elegantly furnished and up
6Olstere. The feet OF the Eagle Line VIII consist
eight steamships The cost Of each is about SC0O0OO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19

aSsor RotJudge Amasa J. Parker y. and q. Ge Z:
u n kellogg "a. C.. ofCopDeetlent . fTh zveam foe
s,sn.n Msteson Of Utes JUDGE ID ios o. NAME
cf VERMONT, Pn;ssr Of ~ Lous and L. n
= a. ses.ep C7aysndcr Ros-Benry Adams Of Boston
os E1Cov b. Psse Vermont William H. seward Of
49,, ,pd lGen H. Bowen Of Arkansas it
n Hea HlejOhn Of osvego and raw orc p s
Yoyk Hol-Judgs Hsuy Bingham Of
gesra G. v HART 81 Cornell uh'etsn, ~
assrs-N alter Mehishse Of tlbhsOelphs'''Sd ""''
1s.sSeu of s,ssmslap Republic
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
a !

There are two Methodist, two
Episcopal, three Presbyterian, and
one Baptist church within ten min
utes' walk of these houses. There
is a ost-Ofiice, with two mails
each way daily. Also, schools,
public and private, and all kinds of
stores in the immediate vicinity.
Taxes are low, and are not likely
to be increased.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
HOME NEWS.
PROMINENT ARRIVALS.

.rr.soxrrra, YESTERDAY. At sUosUrs, IN BROADWAY
400 Eoes-2e' Sn m-34e Sdpisa-26'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
HOUSE:

Bloomfield is within one hour
from the City Hall, and is access
IDLE from Christopher-st., Desbros-
ses-st., Barclay-st., and Cortlandt-
st. ferries. 1t has a population of
about 1000, and is central to a pop
ulation of more than 10000 within
a radius of three miles. The great
majority is composed Of those who
own their residences.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19

THE TRIBUNE ALMANAC FOR 1874
NOW RFAbY
FuR gatB HY Al KEvspGkLEEs
THk TRIBUNE OFFi,k
Pms. 70 esDu. Z ioi 81.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
President,
William @. Alexander.

President,
William @. Alexander.
yice-Presdeuts,
HENRY B. hyde JAMES W. ALEXANDER,
Secretaries.
SAMUEL BoRROwR. WILLIAM ALEXANDER
Physicians.
EDWARD ". LAMBERT NJ D., ALFRED LAMBERT, NJ Z,
BOARD OF DIRECTORS;
William C. AleI,ndsr George a. Kellogg,
George T. Aiee, william ~ L1mbtH
Henri NJ NeIanter Biwad W. Lambert a. D.
John AuchnSlo-s, Daniel u boru'
James w. Alexander, James Low.
Rent r Bas, IlenD a. Maryland,
James A. Beebe, Charles hHun'
Thomas A. Bidde john l. Moore
Robert Bliss nroIee y. hoEshi
William 7. Blodgett, John MeCooh'
Nayman Crow, Jose nNaIo
Tho. A Cnumiu. stephen II. Phillips,
Theodore Cuyler, Horace Iore p..,.,
Henry Day, you r. h~N"o''T
49,. pSslJ Thomas u. Smith,
S,ason pch George ii. Staart,
Dudley g. Gregory, henD ~ IeI"e"'
b.. II.,dv Alanson Trash
-. AZ U,l,,ed George h. Upton,
TI iiswlsT William wslker,
uaIye, William Whitewdght w.,
gsnSy A jIorlbat benjamin MilnsDsOB,
iisa,y n llrle Henry Young,
Robert L. Kennedy, lh,mAs ioaos
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
IAnss1ceaeatat
BunNErr's FLAvoRrsa ExTRAcrs'-The BEST
IApae0oeaeara

PUBLIC DEBr OF THE UNITED STATES, dis
besns Coin niss, Interest and on
also Bonds issued e Pac6c Railroads
Zee THs TRIBUNE ALMANAC for 1874. Price 10 oestL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-02-19
BROOKLYN.

The Board of Fire Commissioners will ex-
anime next Monday candidates Tor inspectors build
iDgs, az required by the new charter.
Mr. Seaman, the accountant, discovered yes
terday additional discrepancies the Of the
Tax ONCE lie say the deficiency will amount 10 a
large
Mayor Hunter signed contracts yesterday for
cleaning the streets in the First second. Third Fourth,
biIth, Seventh, Eighth, Tenth, Twelfth, Nineteenth.
twenty seeohd twenty uTd, and Iwonty fourth Wards.
The contract price is i44,&o6
Alarge quantity of Fire Department materials
will sold, by order o. Controller Schroeder az the re-
pair yard Of the Department. at noon of March s. The
Will comprise Elk steam freeugues our hook and
ladder trucks and large FIRE bell weighing about 90
pounds. 800
LONG ISLAND.
JAMAICA.-TleTe is considerable oppositiou
20 the scheme Of buying a portion Of Hog Island
for the "poor farm" OF the county. The price
asked Tor the Hand, 1890 considered too great
the island il asserted 20 be AZ too great distance
from toe western portion OF The county. IegC are at
present 400 inmates ~ the pOOr-hOufc
DHEoLA.- Ge@se SesgleI brakeman in the employ
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20
To DESTROY Insecf..

The Boston Journal of Chemistry saws
that hot alum-water is a recent sugges-
ton as an insecticide. 1t will DESTROY
red and black ants, cockroaches. spiders
chintz bugs, aud all the crawling pests
which infest our houses. Take two
pounds of alum and dissolve it in three
or four quarts of boiling water: let it
stand on the fire until the alum disap
pears; then apply it with brush, while
nearly boiling hot, to every Joint and
crevice in your closets, bedsteads, pantry
shelves, and the like Brush the ereyices
IN the floor of the skirting or mop-boards.
If you suspect that they harbor vermin.
If, In withdrawing a ceiling, plenty of
alum is added to the lime, it will also
serve to keep Insects at distance. Cock.
reaches will flee the paint which has been
washed in cool alum water. Sugar-bar-
rels and boxes can be freed from ants bv
drawing wide chalk mark lust round
the edge of the top Of them. The mark
must be unbroken, or they will creep
over 1t; but a continuous chalk-mark.
half an inch in width, will set their de-
predations at naught. Powdered alum or
Dorax keeps the chintz- bugs at a respect
tul distance, and travellers should ALWAYS
carry package of it in their hand bags
to scatter over and under their pillows
IN places where they have reason to sus-
pet the presence of such bed-follows.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20

The orange is tree or shrub having a
rich, dark green leaf, mostly dotted with
winged petioles, and containing 5 volatile
pungent oil; fragrant white flower. the
calyx urceolate or campanulate; short
three to five toothed, whitening petals
the stamens equimultiples of them with
free ovary and many-celled fruit; the
wood hard, compact, and capable of fine
polish There is a general resemblance
between an orange and apple orchard
that fades with approach and disappears
IN the individual. The orange is as
elegant as the apple tree is rustic: it is
queeniY Juno in her royalty to the simple
beauty OF the "nut-browne mayde. The
ashy-gray silken texture of the bark the
grand branches armed with Iono sbarn
sspDes, Its beautiful dark green Vanished
leaf with winged petiole, its heavily-scented
white blossom, fragrant as the milk white
Hover OF the locust, the dusk and clim-
mers 1t makes OF the light lost in its
SHINING foliage and ample branches, COM
pine to give it royal dignity of presence.
An orange orchard is the genuine aris-
tocracy of nature, the mobiles and peers
of the realm in their coronation robes, or /
such tabled company as sat about King /
Arthnr's Round Table, every peer q /
might and every knight il majesty q /
ing. From Aug. "Home and School, /"
louisville, KY.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20

Reference was made yesterday by the
Geographic dispatches to the development
of Thurman party in the South. Moth
ing could be wider of the mark. There
is no likelihood of there being either a
1 thurman party or a Hendricks party in
the South or any where else, between
this and the next Presidential campaign.
Mr.. Thurman is a man of sound, lawyer
like abilities and impressive appearance,
yet lacking address; unmagnetic yet not
of sufficient intellectual stature TO over
come his natural GOODNESS. No party
will ever rally to him. Mr. Hendricks
is likewise wanting in that sort of electric
ity which inspires partisan zeal. OF less
force and culture than Mr. Thurman,
he is of kindly disposition, having opin-
ions certainly, but opinions colorless and
vague. Both Thurman and Hendricks,
as Presidential possibilities, must fall be-
tween the two conditions of vigorous
raseality and honest, well-balanced pos
itiyism which will pres entity contend for
mastery in American politics Il Louis
vile Courier.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20

BE POLITE AT HOME. IF people
would only keep little of the snavitv
which they waste on strangers for the
home circle, how much more charming
life would be! When among our ae7
qualntances, many of US are ALWAYS
agreeable and obliging, while we are
grumpy and glum to those who are the
nearest to US. 1t doesn't seem worth
while to converse around the family table.
There the brief IF you please, and II
thank you, are dropped. If only our
own Iolks are present, we are apt to forget
the tumbled hair and soiled collar and
to drop our good breeding for the time
This is all wrong. A certain pleasant
freedom from restraint makes home han.
pier; but carelessness, and lazy indul-
gence in untidy ways, will break the
charm entirely, and make home place
to eat and sleep in, but nothing else.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20
The Weekly Clarion.
They SVon'1 TroubIe Us Long.

They won't trouble US long, these dear little
With noisy song, and rough, tangled cnrls /;
Nor these wild boys, who oft through the
Weary our souls with their boisterous play.
Soon no breakfast win have to wait
For the dull, sleepy eyes that are always
Our shoulders will bend meath no weight of
When we move from our tables an empty
chair
After a while, there'll be time, and to spend.
No little aprons to iron or mend;
No weary bodies to dress or undress,
No cherub lips to claim kiss or caress.
No roisy feet TO reprove or keep still,
No dinner basket TO hunt up or fill;
No needless hands to throw down their toys
No merry voicfs To keep up noise.
Life claims them SO soon, and takes them
away,
Nothing on earth goes so rapid as they:
Like stitches unraveled from knitted bands
They glide unperceived from our clasping
hands.
Only day, and their play will cease,
Then there will dawn for us-a reign Of
A reign 20 still. we fain would see
Those oit-reproved children again by our
knee.
Then there'll be leisure time. and to spare,
Too much rest and too little care:
Too mnch peace and too little mirth;
Too much room at the table and hearth
Wen wish to be worried, harassed and
Vexed,
Wish t. be over-tired and perplexed,
And the tiresOme frolic we dreaded TO hear.
Wen long for, as music most sweet to the
ear.
But alas never more can childhood return
Youths lamp is unlighted, or ceases to burn:
No more viii it brighten our pathway so
dear,
And fill our lone hearts with gladness and
cheer.
home. without children. 4 starless
night!
a brook without water, a lamp without
light,
verdant garden without fragrant flowers,
A barren spot in eaTth's fairest bowers
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20

A TRUE LADY.-Beauty and style are
NOT the surest passports to respectable.
ity-some of the noblest specimens Of
womanhood that the world has ever seen
have presented the plainest and most un-
progressing appearance. A woman's
worth IS to be estimated by the real good
ness of her heart, the greatness of her
soul, and the purity and sweetness of her
character; and woman with a kindly
disposition, and well-baIanced mind
and temper, is 'ovely and attractive, be
her lace ever so plain and her figure
ever SO homel "; she makes the best of
wives and the truest of mothers. She
has higher purpose in living than the
beautiful yet vain and superciIious
woman, who has no higher ambition than
to Haunt her fnery in the streets, or to
crafty her inordinate vanity by extract
ing fattery and praise from a society
whose compliments are as hollow as thew
are insincere.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20
FARM AND HOME.
Useful Recipes

Strong I've put in water will make i
soft as rainwater
Wood ashes and common salt wet witt
water will prevent the cracking of stove
Pieces of horseTadish added to the vine
gar on pickles improves their flavor anc
prevents mould.
CAMPHOR ICE.-Half ounce of white
wax; half ounce OF sweet oil, half ounce OF
gum camphOr, simmer together and cork
tightly.
SPONGE CAKE.--Half pound -four, half
pound sugar, five eggs separately beaten
little cream tatar and the juice Of one
lemon.
To sweeten a tainted meat barrel, after
washing and scalding to remove grease,
fill with fresh soil, and let it remain a
week or ten days.
To Remove IRON RUsT.-Take the
juice of lemon and drop on the spots
and lay the article out in the sun, when
the rust will soon disappear.
JELLY CAKE.-One cup of sugar, one
cup of -four, three eggs one tablespoonful
OF sour cream, one tablespoonful soda,
two of cream tartar. Bake in thin
layers.
CURRANT CATsUP.-Three pounds of
currants, two of sugar, one pint vinegar.
one tablespoonful cloves, one tablespoonful
cinnamon cook slowly several hours. 1t
Is splendid relish with cold meat-warm
either
CURE FOR SUMMER COMPLAINT
Take two tablespoonfuls of grated com
frey root and the white of one egg, beaten
well together; then have ready a boiling
pint of milk, into which stir the comfrev
and egg. 1t will thicken like pap" and
1t Is not unpleasant to take.
ASTHMA REMEDY.-Gather what Il
call brakes (by some called ferns) in the
woods dry them, place some under the
sheet and sleep ON them Add a few
fresh ones every few weeks, and do not
abandon 1t as soon as little better; con-
tlnue year or more. This is an old In
dian remedy.
TO Stop NOSE BLEEDING.
small arteries branching up from the
main arteries on each side of the neck, |
and passing over the outside of the Jaw |
bone, supply the face with blood. If the |
nose bleeds from the right nostril, for |
example, pass the finger along the edge of
the right jaw till the beating the artery is
felt. Press hard upon it for five minutes |
and the bleeding will cease.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20


andsthaf ti1eg supPszed the officers Of the
law eoaId attend to the trouble. Carter
gives II as bis opinion that a brave and
discreetzshefiF could have prevented any
trouble. He says that Deputy Sheriff
Deering, VINO went Mish the mayor after
the people from the country, was, accord
ing to their repeFt. under the influence
Of liquor so far that he could not take
charge of the white men who came ia.
He says that on Sunday evening, when
DR.. Smiths wife desired to ieare Austin,
Deputy Sheriff Nebleft, who owns livery
stable, refused 70 take her feariag that
it would injure him in some way with the
negroes. Carter ridicnled the idea Of
any one interfering With women and chill
dren who were leaving; and finally Mrs.
Smith was taken to the steamer in order
that she might reach her husband,
who had lett Immediately after his re-
lease.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20

GOVERNOR KeMPER, OF VIRGINIA, ap-
pears to be fair-minded, just man, and
as such, does not give much satisfaction
to the politicians of either party. Soon
after his Inauguration as Governor he
vetoed an election bill intended to give
his party-the Conservative unfair
advantage over their opponents in Peters
burg. He was denounced as a traitor by
almost the entire conservative press, and
lately he has been attacked for having
accepted, in spirit as in language, a res,
olution of the Convention which nomi-
mated hlm-a resolution that pledged the
party to wage no factious opposition TO
the National administration. On the
other baud, Governor Kemper protested
strongly against interference by United
States troops in the Petersburg elections.
and thus alienated from himself the poli-
tlclans of the other side, who sought To
obtain power by arbitrary arrests Of cleo
ton officers. A Governor bold enough
to do right, regardless of party cries.
should have the united support of the
people. Philadelphia Ledger.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20

The third largest cotton grower in
Mississippi is q negro, without a single
drop OF white blood In his veins. This
class OF our citizens, in this state, as early
as 1870. owned Sc, 822, 400 worth of prop-
erty. We thinkii fair to presume then,
that by this time, they are property.
owners. to the extent of at least 500. 600
OOO. -Richochet.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1874-08-20
The Large Cities of ,he world.

London, with 1924, 260 inhabitants,
is the most populous city in the world,
while Philadelphia, with ga, 022 inhab-
itants On. 1870, is the eighteenth city
in point of population. These eighteen
cities, in their order, are the following
London, 1884, 26O; Sutchan, China,
1000, 600; Paris, 1851, 1872; Pekin,
1,30O, 900; Tschantschau Flu, 900, 900;
Hang.schau Flu, 1000, 900; Siangtan,
1,O0O,O 900; Singnan Flu, 1000, 900; Can
ton, 100000; New York, 942 1872 !;
Tientsin, 100000; Vienna, 834, 284 !;
Berlin, S26, 341; Hangkan, 800, 600;
Tschingtu Flu, 5000 Calcutta, 1914
90; Toxic (Yeddo), 674, AT; and Phil
adelphia, GA, OPP. OF cities smaller
than Philadelphia, the leading ones are:
St, Petersburg. 667 1868, Bombay, GA
405; Moscow, 1870; Constantinople.
900, 900; Glasgow, 547 ,538; Liverpool,
493, 405; and Rio de Janeiro, 420, 600.