The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1874-03-28

} their action. This would neceasItate a
advance In the art Of enumeration, In ordG
D 70 calculate their movements, and thus th
D science OF mathematics would DO develot
Cd. But mathematics by facilitating ste
lar observations would advance th
science Of astronomy, which reacting o.
mathematics would increase It's complex
ity and thus evolve It's subdivisions q
arithmetic, geometry and trigonometry
stiu more noticeable would this tendenc,
become when q further development hat
taken place In the sciences. The advance
10 optics Indicated by Galileo's adaptation
OF the telescope, developed the science o
astronomy, and the enlargement Of tn
latter field Of inquiry, rendered necessar,
improvements In optics and mathematics
70 facilitate its continued pursuit. In op
ucs, the invention Of microscopes and ach
romatic lenses followed, while in mathe
mates the calculation OF distances by par
allax was the result. In like manner the
invention Of rifed cannon stimulated
science TO the production Of iron.clad
ehips Of war, which In their turn taxed the
fertility Of scientiflc resource, and Arm
strong and WhitWorth guns made their
appearance. In this way the continued
development Of optics produced the spec
troScope, which not only increased our
knowledge oil astronomy, but gave fresh
impetus to chemistry, and brought to light
entirely new facts In metallurgy. The
evolution oil the sciences from small be
ginnings, could be fully shown, but being
complete subject in itself can only be
briefly indicated here. The same 10 true
OF religion and language. To the deyel-
opment Of the latter I may have occasion
to allude when I treat Of the question Of
mans origin.
"HoMo's" OBJECTIONS.
l had intended a further review Of the
general objections advanced by your cor.
respondent "Homo," but find on close OF.
animation that they ale mostly gratuitous
assertions, which will endeayor to dis.
pose Of In the course Of future argument.
In some instances, as the assumption
that mans mental and moral natures
differ from those Of lower organisms In
Kind as well as in degree, he invaIidates
the force Of his argument BY postulatinR
as true that which he attempts to prove,
thereby simply begging the question.
Ihere g one assertion, however, made BY
Homo" which desire to correct He
states In the third article OF the series
that Mr. Darwin's argument consists OF a
collection Of facts made for the special
purpose oil illustrating q favorite theory.
Now the very reverse OF this Is true. MIR,
Darwin set out on voyage Of obsefVa.
tion in December, 1881, and In the course
Of examinations which he conducted dur.
ing his absence Of seven years, the facts
noticed forced upon his mind the conyIc. |
lion that species must originate In long
continued notifications. This was par. |
tlcularly the case when he visited the |
Galapagos islands, where he found the |
lora and fauna just such as would be ex.
pected had they been insulated from their |
congeners on the main land, and had then
gradually been modified in form to suit
Iheir changed environments. On his re-
urn to England he continued his re.
searches with scientific fidelity for twenty.
me years, and It was only at the solicit.
alton oil his friends, DR.. Hooker and Sir
Jharles Lyell-to whom he had commu.
heated his views-that he consented in
500 to publish 1.-THE Origin Of Species"
LIE UNITY OF EVOLUTION THROUGHOUT
THE COSMOS.
In the foregoing have endeavored to
how how the workings of evolution are
pparent In some of the departments into
which our knowledge is divided, with
new TO pointing out the unity OF opera
ions perceptible in the universe. "While
We think Of evolution as divided into as
ronomic, biologic, sociologic, scientific,
&C., II may seem to certain extent a CO.
incidence that the same law of metamor-
.hosis holds throughout oil its divisions.
'ut when we recognize these divisions as
mere conventional groupings made TO ia
initiate the arrangement and acquisition
Il knowledge, when we regard the differ
mt existenCes with which they deal az
component parts Of one Cosmos, we see
t once that there are not several kinds Ct
'Volution having certain traits in CON-
non, but one evolution going on every
Vaere alter the same manner. While any
Whole is evolving, it Is always accompa.
lied by an evolution Of the parts into
which 1t divides ITSELF This holds true Of
he totslity Of things as made up oil parts
within parts, from the greatest to the
mallest. We know that, while physi.
ally cohering aggregate like the human
'ody Is getting larger, and taking on It's
General shape, each Of Its organs Is doing
he same; that, while each organ is grow.
ng and becoming unlike others, there Is
'oing on differentiation and Indignation
y its component tissues and vessels; and
hat even the components Of these compo.
tents are severally increasing and passing
MO more definitely Heterogeneous struc-
ures. But we have not duly remarked
hat, setting out with the human body as
minute part, and ascending from Il 10
ne greater parts, this simultaneity oil
transformation Is equally manifest; that
While each individual Is developing, the
ociety OF which he ls an insignificant unit
developing too; that while the ag-
,regate mass forming a society Is
Becoming more definitely heterogeneous,
10 likewise is that total aggregate, the
'srth, Of which the society Is an inappre.
liable portion; that, while the earth which
n bulk is not millionth Of the solar
ystem, progresses toward its concentra.
ed and complex structure, the solar sys.
EN- similarly progresses; and that even Its
are but those Of a scarce
y appreciate portion Of our sidereal sys
EN-, which has at the same time been
5oing through parallel changes. The
more ! can understand Of the manner Of
the more am / impressed with
Is unity Of purpose, even in full view Of
to multiplicity Of parts, and maniloIduess
u stages. From increase Of such knowl.
'dge I rise into higher perceptions. see
hythm in every motion on the earth,
hythm therefore in combined motions, a
wonderful rhythm pervading the Cosmos.
What can we say Of evolution? If We
reat 1t reverently, and not atheisticslly,
70 can only say that 1t presupposes an