Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1874-08-05


East Of Moscow and afterwards Moscow itself,
became the political centre Of Russia. kioii
the mother Of Russian towns and the cradle Of {
the Christian faith, dwindled away By slow de- \
greos, and at length fell under the hated rule |
Of Poland, till the reign Of Alexis, father Of
Peter the Great, who united the old city to the |
Russian land again. During the regns Of
YarosaG and the two Vhdimirs, ell Russia,
with the exception Of Noygorod and PskoH, |
was under united rule. Aoer the death Of
Monomach, it was split up into a number Of
petty prinoipalities, and fell au easy prey 10 the
terrible power Of the 1artars, who, although |
they did not settle in the country, held IL in |
state Of yassalago Gr upwards Of two hundred |
and forty years, collecting as much tribute ne
could conveniently be paid. It was during |
this time that the power Of Moscow grew, and
when at length the Tartar yoke was ready TO
be shaken o1, about the middle of The ditccuih
century, every attribute of the smaller Russian
princes had disappeared, except their tiucs,
and in a few cases those also had been clnfs-
Gated Moscow had united under her own cx-
elusive dominion all the lands Of RUSSIA chat
had ever Acknowledged Tartar supremacy
Grown wise in adycr-iiy and oppression, and
trained in a subtle and mcrciless school Of pol
itics, m acquaintance with which would have
delighted Nlachiavclii 10 his most genial mo-
meuts, the Moscow princes, after freeing thcm-
selves from Tartar rule, found RUSSIA in thc
following condition The eastern and middle
portions were Firmly united under The rule OF
Moscow The western hall, including klel
and a large part ut thc south, was held iy To-
land, the north was embraced hy ihc Jur'slic-
ton OF Che three bepuh.'e- The only ouuct
which Moscow had 90 Der own territory was
the Caspian sea- and that led nowhere. No
sooner, therefore, were their hands united
than the Moscow princes set about uniting un-
der one government all provinces That had az
any time been Russian, or 100 which the fus-
sian language was spoken. The return OF
the Republics was hrst-Fuland s day came
later.
nerorc toucbing upon the history end posi-
ton of Novrorod. [ must call attention 10 tie
,,orrarlioal position of this once G,mois com.
monweaIth By looking M any ordinary man
1 or R,ssio IL viii ho 900, that Novpo-,d Ind
direct water Communication through the river
VolkoT with the B,ltie. and consequently with
all northern Furono By rllowing the river
Ioyat soutbwardtbe Dyina wasalmost reached.
ut,;lo r-o,, .bo nri,, 10 ,be Doie,or tb. Ais.
g.,
- -'''i-','',. '''' Wv.
'Oilleu a 0yninou'ous n's''"" i'',n ''c D"''''
!, 'uo p'.1A ~ 2,''' anu ~us .@'.''''S Auown a'
'No 'o'u - '''''S 1''' ,'''s 'o'' p''''1 cue
"auei' Oe'"''" -''i,' '''u 9oN''i WIZ" ''''.'
u'''i0',''S'' d" "''' '' ','0 '''''
N,u5s' ''' "-''l''''''' '''' ,''''''
o' '"o7v MY, Oo'H'uu''ll'''" N'',' '.' gs .r
was ''n"e''u ,"sy ~ 'u' '''V' ".'' iN' '
,"s' "No'u'N u''''. '''''''1I'.," wa
e,s'a 'uu ''s i'"','- a 9'''su,, "N''' ~ ~
tributary s'''aU-' '''' mama NM anu i''
MN 'ni,H'e 's'o"9 '''"'v" '.' VIZ" @,''
fai "ou"'a,ls were ,''u'i'u "VC''''''v
ine pos''io" VI -'o' s0lV' ""s' '''iv'oi'' "a
oepuon"''y ia'oraoio lor ''auer anu from
c0minefe'a' point o' view sne ln'gnI nave Uee'
ca'eu INC 'cn''e o' 'ne 4''',". IN ,.,l p''
1"yS -No'so,ou "'s "oIu' ~ u''ss a. ,lo''''
- d. PRESENT anu WIS ''e i''ouue9' o' Nu'7'''
, c''Ies' AA'ns 'ne n"inc o, No'so'O' ',o O''1'
o'go'ou 'ei'Sy' INC s'S'ns' no "a,
A s.anu asains' O''u 'nu -'o' sVion 'i'e N''''
sno"eu no" sue e,'''Na'ou "e' own .nl'o
c p,inoes ars,yored rho second half of l.r 5,,c.
= 10, too clearly and the groat city bocano
# b,r,hle and ueok as she had fornerlv bee
0 nr,nd and nowerful. Amer Kief had bceop
n ,bo ca,i,olJ,r Rnesia pnder Olcg I,,r an
:, and tho spcceedinc Princes Novrorod enioce
: more f,ocdon than in Rprik's time m
II cbior If tho ren,blic was either a p,sodnik
is ;o,,,o,o,,, ,rroi-,od hv tb. p,i,oe or <iol
!. ,r;,,. ,bo orrrob,,ior or tbo n.orlo or u
!, h;o,solro Prince tho latter ,rns .bo rrlo m,
II ,bo limo NJ Nonomacb whom fine Uorsc
T, RrriL becsme v,rv numerous II banncn,
n no, r,rroo,o,,ry tt,t ,n rrnor,lar prin
7. ,ros 5enoscd and opotbcr chosen in his nl,c
r rho tor,o ~ n,,rcr dcroDled nron tbe M,
D. r;ll or ,bo ,oorle N6v-orod ,r,a Il, many p
)f ,roc,s .i,oii,r n tbc oiI G~e.i,, penrbl;r
Of mime tboi, b;,blv dovclouod orist,cr,tic n
is ,,or;,,,i,r F,,ry ou,i- - r,ili.. i,,,or,or,
he r. 5oo;lod b,, ,lc roo,lo il, n b,5y IN =,
De ono, s,nore her,ro tbe church of 81 S,nbi
IN moo roo,i,cs ucre called "voitcbcs " a,
ed ,,,or, s,,r,,,,,e5 by tbo so,,d If n groo, be
d, nsod c,r ,,o, nnrno.o olono ord l,rovr as /,
C. roi,.bo hoI IuVoi,oloroi KoloLol 3, III,
he o.,;,,,. ,,..ro no, ,,rd,,,,od ,r;,t ,,.o ,,rl
a ,non,or, c,rr,oli,y Of modem ti,nos IN
o. ,,a.I.,,;,n. al ,,o,o oro, +,
IS, 80. ~ = - or,,,ra 81 roo,,le NJ, an 81,
or - ,vhan.,ora a.,;-i,r ,,os or,;rod
n. -, 49, -, -, a,,ha1,.;., ~
- Protoeoi was drawn up eihpouy.ng 'n's
e, cision in writing The seal Of the city "
'ai then affixed to the document which thus
he tained legal power The Vaitche, as the vo
Of the city, was supreme in all questions
m was impossible for a Prince to oppose an 4
U.s. doubted majority Of the citizens. His pow
nd was not limited by any set of fixed rules
lie laws. lie might do whatever seemed good
TED himself provided only, that he could keep
oi the side of the majority The government
IN Noygorod, then, in its best days, possessed
'ry means whatever of checking the moments
hs' impulses and passions of the mob, or vi
as turned out to be still more fatal in Ia
pie period of her history. There were no me,
ro- of protecting the great mass Of the peo
4