The Jackson standard. [volume] (Jackson C.H., Ohio) 1847-1888, 1874-01-15
JACKSON G. IL, OHIO, THURSDAY JANUARY 15. 1874.

ware before it receives the glaze. But
.igured earthenware has been largely stl,
perseded in this country by what is called
white granite or white ironstone china,
which is clear white. 1t looks much
leaner than the printed goods. and Is
much more easily matched. The ware.
having been examined in the biscuit
warehouse, is then taken to the dippins 9
rouse. The dipping is a noxious process.
lwing to the white lead that is used III
the glaze, in which the articles are dip
ped. The glaze is composed OF borax.
lead, flint. soda and other materials.
which are ground together in liquid
state and put in large tubs, into which
the ware is plunged and afterwards put
on racks to dry. After this process, the
ware is ready for the gloss oven. to give
I the finishing touch. 1t is placed in
saggars, the same as in the biscuit oven.
some round and some oval, according to
the size and description OF the ware; bus
instead of sand being put in, the hat
pieces, such as dishes, plates saueerS,
etc, are kept separate by what are called
cockspurs. small three pointed articles,
made OF clay and put between the wares.
One may often see the marks of these
eockspurs on the back of the ware. The
time of firing the ware in the gloss oven
rs twentv-four hours, just half the time
used in the biscuit oven. When the ware
is drawn out of the gloss oven it is taken
to the gloss warehouse, where it is sorted
over and all the Clipped, cracked, or
damaged ware is put on one side. The
good ware is packed in crates or casks by
experienced packers, and shipped to its
destination.
The importation Of earthenware to the
United States has b. en- gradually increas-
ing for many years. There were few
manufactures, established in this coun.
try. previous to the late war; and since
its close many more have been started,
and are doing good business.
The duty upon earthenware is 40 per
cent al vdlOrena the ireights are also high;
and during the past year, the price earth
enware has been raised some 25 per cent
in Statfordshire, owing to the high price
Of coal labor. and materials, which have
increased very much during the past two
years. From these cluses the importa-
ton has been much less in former years /:
and thus has been the means OF giving
more employment to the manufacturers
on this side There is no doubt bur that
all the materials used in the manufac-
ture of both earthenware and china can
be found in the United States; although
many of our M Gnufacturers are i. porting g
the china clay they use from Cornwall, at
a great expense. This clay can be super
seeded by one which is found in large
quantities in Alabama, and is being in
troduced generally Missouri abounds
with all the materials that are used in
the Manufacture of earthenware. and
also is well supplied with extensive coal
beds. There are also large earthenware
manufactures at Trenton, n. j., East
Liverpool and Cincinnati, Ohio, Geddes,
F. Y, and St. Louis, Mo.
Considerable improvements have been
made in the bodies and glazes OF the
ware during the past two years, and
there are indications that this valuable
business is fl mly established in this
country. Many gentlemen once con.
nected with the manufacture of this class
of ware in the Staffordshire potteries are
now experimenting works on this side
and there ar " raj manufactor to
be erected at different points during the
coming year.