davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1874-07-02
DRYANT AND STRATTON
IL SCHOOL,

| DRYANT AND STRATTON
~ SCHOOL,
BOSTON, MASS.
Commercial
COURSE OF STUDY, PREPARATORY TO BUSINESS
The studies embraced in the plan Of the
School, and designed for those pupils who
have acquired q good knowledge of the Ele.
mentary English Branches, are
Bookkeeping,
(BY SINGLE AND DOUBLE ENTkY.)
Commercial Arithmetic,
designed for practical application in btsiness)
Commercial Writing,
with SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LEGIBnIrY AND
RAPIDITY)
Commercial Correspondence
Gin manner answering to the requirements
of Business Letter Writing.)
Commercial Law,
(RELATINd TO NEGOTIABLE PAPER CONTROLS,
PARTNERSHIPS, ETC.,
all of which are especially necessary for and
adapted to Commercial purposes.
Pupils desiring other studies than above
named may select any or all Of the COMMON
SCHOOL SUDIEs and pursue them in connection
with or separate from the Commercial Stu dies
CT Pupils received at any time if there are
Vacancies.
Prospectus and Circulars Of the school. post
free. The school is now located at 1868 Wash
ington Street, location previous to the fro of
May 30, 1878.
HOURS, to2, CLOSED SATURDAYS.
Vacation during July and August.
Application for admission, Sept LIST, may be
made in person till July 1st from July LIST to
August II, by letter only, building closed
August II till Sept. LIST. the principal will be in
attendance daily from till g.
[1625y1.l H. E. HIBBARD, Principal.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1874-07-02

THE GREAT REMEDY FOR
c0NSUMpTI0
which can be cured by a
timely resort to this stand
ard preparation, as has been
proved by the hundreds of
testimonials received by the
plOprictors. 1t is acknowl-
edged by many prominent
physicians to be the most
reliable preparation ever i'll
troduced for the relief and
cure of all Lung complaints,
and is offered to the public,
sanctioned by the experience
of over forty years. When
resorted to in season it sell
dom fails to effect a speedy
cure in the most severe
cases Of Coughs, Bronchitis,
Group, Whooping Cough,
Influenza, Asthma, Colds,
Sore Throat, Pains or Sore
ness in the Chest and Side,
Liver Complaint, Bleeding
at the Lungs, &c. Wistar's
Balsam does not dry up a
Cough, and leave the cause
behind, as is the case with
most preparations, but it
loosens and cleanses the
lungs, and allays irritation,
thus removing the cause Of
the complaint.
PREPARED NJ
SETH ". P0WLE & SONS, Boston, Mass,
And sold by Druggists and Dealers generally.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1874-07-02
How About Your Food

A writer in foreign paper thus
takes off American, and more especi
lily Western cookery. He says:
What singular combinations of edi-
bles they make use of in the United
States ! Farmers out West are not so
long lived as other classes, although
under proper dietetic conditions they
ought to be more SO, because they per-
sist in using fried dishes several times
a day, with several fried articles at
each Of the three meals. This is one
Of their common dietic denominations {:
Dried beef, old cheese and pickles are
among the common relshes, while
lard and saleratus make their richer
dainties infections and caustic. We
have seen, ona farmers table, fried
pork, fried eggs, fried potatoes, and
fried gridde cakes for breakfast fried
ham, fried hominy and fried parsnips
TOR dinner, and fried sausages and fried
dolghnuts for supper-all the frying
done in lard.
No class is so troubled with canker
erysipelas, tumors, cancers and hui
mors, as farmers and the excessive
use of pork, lard, fine flour, rice cakes
and greasy pastryis enough to account
for it. The essential need of farmers
is plain, wholesome food and properly
cooked. This would give them much
more available power for work, relieve
them Of many Of the distresses and ex-
penses Of sicl ness, add many years to
their life, and render old age 'green"
and normal, instead Of dry and decrep-
id, as in most cases it is, under exist
ing habits
The New York herald., 1874-12-16

STANDARD Nos sso T. 7Hc $40. Javs-Dutch stand
dra super2r .'.c &C. refined standard A. lOc on A.
granulated. l01<c. ,s~'' 'e1' AS<se-' anu
SKINS Light skins are ruling iairiy At quotations
we quote :-noat-i ianpico. go aud Matamursa a5,
god Buenus Ayres. SIC, Payta, 5c. Gurl GA 65c !.
Cape Sc. Madras. each soc a SIC. Patna 4Oc, Eat
India tanned roat SJc aud East India tanned sheen
6ltac., currency. Leer-Honduras 57tsc Vera ,rnz
Gle; Guaemaa. &c.; Cnagres 5Itac. 6c All Juan
59lsc 5'c. uampeachy. 37Hc., sa. doc. Para doe
TALLow There has been hrmer feeling sales 1000
lbs our Of town. Ssc SIC prime city SIC l3-I6c
Stearne has been weak atl5c.
ToBAcco.-1he market Tor Kentucky was without ma
terial ehange We note iurtner saies OF go hhda At
from lie. 10 25c 10. In seed eat there has been
moderate business ony. win prices about sieaiy The
do. Connecticut 1870 crop private terms; - do Wis
from s5c. to 81 ia
WooL-ihe market has opened quiet this week, but
values are without Guoabie change. The sales are
1000 lbs ani ahove ohio heece at 55e l0U0 lbs.
washed western do; Wc. 81 bal California spring.
400 lbs Eastern exas. &c. S3sc. 90 ba es free fall
California Gle 20 TO >pr do. Sc 33c. s. ODJ lbs
Michigan fleece sic. 1880 Ds low do, 4Sc l30J lbs
OHIO do. 5ic. lO bags low ured Soc: and s0.0O
lbs spring California, $4,000 lbs tall do 5000 lbs
merchantabe heece 10 bags No puied. IL do. super
do. ani 10 do do on private terms
WHisKEY -Receipts. 665 bbls The market 10 un-
doubteiy active ana shade rmcr sales, 100 bblA at
81 o. ~ bbls At 81 ui and 20 bbs of alcohol At s,c
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
DOMESTIC MARKETS.

ding. lstse. good ordinary l!.c Ne. receipts, Iss4
nens I4I7 soaswise 2sa sae. IsoS Stock ~ SY
NEW ORLEANS, Dec. Is 1874
ding sns Ss. reaaps bales ;aHs gross a l'a
ports to the con,inen su. sales, $3.50 stock 2659a
Cotton nrm, middling ls'1c a is,sc: low mtdi,ng
sss ts sro ss s SS0a lspo s
Is Ge'sn sog quiet mans M Is lsi S
Go GnARIssrox, Dec. rs 1874
Bales Bales ssa Sales 9rsr"fs & Stock. ts se Net receipts @
Flour steady and sneaansed; .s,ss iso Scis Wheat
hsn %x. SIM
iesd-saSrts So npsHT,ns IS um,aipss SIS per
York. $50. to Albany. SAC.
Imports for the last twenty -four nours-Fiour 0,iOO
sS: i.sy %ss. su'si ssrn e Do
SSra ;S5 ao os5s barley Do Iicst
Sss sss's5" 'y'''s su
red minsr II a os'sss %sis ss a.
the a Esa al sS
canada ys g. M twsd s %
ats g; two rowed do at 81 So Western held at 81
rF5y Yr's afp Dressed Sos b. rsS S
visions unchanged.
Flour In good demand. Wheat duh and declining. No
: whte Wabash, 81 ~; amber Michigan hec at ST. 09;
Corn dun and decining; high mixed z2,.a Isc old
@ as a14as ,G Saif &
Clover seed. 81 bG Dressed hogs s. IS 10, closing
bushels wheat $500 do. corn, 2.0N do. oats Ship
niens-l,OOo bushels wheat lapV corn, 20Do do
> CHICAGO Dec. Is, 1874
Flour dun and drooping, Wheat dun aud declining;
No. spring soc = spring, 6ec n ;eSsc. January
No: spring S2hc SIC. rejectei, 7sc 7s.4c Corn
dull and uchanged. oats dull and declining at 63,ao
steady SS S.y.c. Ssc Barley dali and ieSilning
$losa$ii2 Dressed hogs unchanged. Pork unseuei
dun and declining sales at so. cash 1888 February
February Bulk meats ~ ia,r aemand but lower shout
miidies. y1c: Vac. all loose. spot paruy cured
Whiskey steady At go AT the cal OF the Board
AFTERNOON :-Grain steady ami unchanged. Pork
s,Sis 70 CASH tis..H February, sls q Mareho Lard
wheat, 7i0uU bushels; corn $1,000 do oats s,oJU
rye. iNN TO-; barey. 1900 do shipments-Fonr $500
bbs wheat 40OU bushels corn. H. 0Juo 3uu1 do
bari ia - =
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
Alabama elgnts close at 50 50. and plain bonds
RAILROAD BONDS

at 381 bid.
RAILROAD BONDS.
Railroad bonds are active and strong as q rule,
though In many OF the Leading roads prices are
lower. The active business Is In the Paclfcs.
Centras sold at 959l. the san Joaquin branch being
quoted at SO ", and the California and Oregon at
so BID. We note sales or Chicago and Northwest
ern gold consos at S1H; Chicago, Burlington and
Quincy eights at ll3l: registered nrsts Of New
York Central at li2 and nrsrs OF Boston. Hartford
and Erie at 23s<. The aggregate sales amounted
to $97, 0OO in twenty-seven dinerent issues. Gen.
tral Pacific bonds closed at 95X q 96, and Union
Pacincs o. q OK ior 1rsrs. sS1 80 ior land
grants, and Tx 77x Tor sinking funds.
PRODUCE EXPORTS.
The total exports OF produce from this port for
the week ending to-day amounted to $6,541,8 8l3
mixed values, which Is an increase over last
week OF $2,437,s99. The exports for the corre-
spending week OF last year were s6,375,9l5, and
since January 1 OF this year are $275, $3.50, 49,
against $751; $40 last year and 1921, ,2o3 5Ss in
1872
MEMORANDA.
The directors OF the Central Railroad OF New
Jersey have declared quarterly dividend OF az
per cent, payable January 20, 1875.
The coupons due January 1, 1878, on the real
estate mortgage bonds negotiated and guaranteed
by the Equitable Trust Company, will be paid on
and after January at the once OF the company.
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
ROMAN CATHOLIC ORPHAN ASYLUM CON.
CERT,

The sacred concert which was announced -
take place in the Academy Of Music, Brooklyn,
next sunday evening. for the benefit OF the Roman
Ca,honc Orphan Asylum. has been postponed ris
the 22d inst The pastor OF the Church Of the I'm.
macuiate Conception, Eaztern District, hereby
tenders his thanks TO Mr.. de Grav, President Of
tne BOARD o. directors of the Academy. for the
generous aid extended BY nim TO the cause oi .
hoDle charity. Ia Consideration OF the CHRISTIAN
sehumont5 wntch prompted this generous acs.
sne hoafu OF DIT ectors the pastor taxes this occa.
SION 70 ahnoun ce that the postponemens nas peen
,rsue M ~ Oraer tnat no discussion may arse - "
ING proprietys0t amusements on SUNDAY
J. K MCDONALD, PASTOR
The New York herald., 1874-12-16

Ssnsaa At 81 Rye wa: eas, and nominal os,s
The market Is weaHsr general 5, VIII ony
liverpool by SAIL oals coton 81 3D. 1900 bushels
nles SSs'sa At & 10 ss s3lii
Blush Ssss w G Ds ~GsS ssSSsa
ob do prsae e two oeie shes MIR
s" S% BY ss Ss5ern sS rssosa nSs e Lsn
wheat Telet room, At Jd o, Gbs rosin al Is I'd per
% cases swng Hl casss ~ o. az @ S
o a9s wei ssi sr,is n'dss - 'O Co boSes cheese a. COS
Sss. SsEs Sdps n5 s st hs ssD'aSw steam
sate terms 70 Cork ior orders ship ani bark with
wheat reported from san Francisco ON private terms
ported :, Mc To remen By ste so bales cotton At
also Germsa BARK hence Win about Sy bols refined
Eetroleum at I'D and two Vessels viii cotton
Sais bls refined e pc Ssa foeum rom Ba
By and s LARD
ns 1 rs 9s % 10
oeacco a. u.s. ana anote bark with tobaeeo rspored
ReSmen an Al p S6 lark ana Ta qu, W
sugar Tor New YORK =, Ss To 40 Janero an American
rspord at H0''0n hence with general cargo
fauIrs. 4e.Apples continue in large supply and au
mskory nuts r% 01ss,nuis nm rsaaus w
Ss 5ssr. .sSsa ssss o:oiSis :a S
iona grapss &C. q erapoerri.s prime ~ -. AMI
as ea @ 's5 ss9
elhesna.s 81 e per bashs! hicksry nus ds
q; isl; Il g. ss%%aS ssa anSy 3 :. w.
steady ile; OH Isss or f sssaso i aud
lrss HEMP Tsmalns s aS,e ana and unchanged
ana Somnsy c sc scd d. Sts ''S butts sieady ad,
vim saiss to-day to The extent Of 100 bales Al 2c 20
LiDxs Common hides in good hsnds in fair
quest ana steady. south american Ia large supply and
depressed. Ihe receipts for the week been:
Boston London sso rom so E 5a4 Iron rom va ava
Tamico rom ao M from ma Asos S Bay H @ rom
AsDn,wa 50 from srssSs ssn'lsso
New orleans, "a from do 7sS from do s.0 IRON
ssis Dry ri sss sst g ssa
,sss as@ s Do co., hs i S
u.s. prysss terms sS Rio araaSe COW ts q arrive
do DE- sos % iSs, prlyas terms; soo % %.
Hs e Eur o DO 4 D s0
= o 4e god 9? ag & a;ual sees0n 7s,ao do
nsy run Sa ep,T.l AmsTSa S q es
S prSats 1exiean S
lbs. private terms H. ~ DO Texas. 2li los. % lbs
1000 DO. Wesiern ana southern ID. ISs private
private $40 slsaj, .oies prsats terms 7ai
isas do sty saashsr. lbs lihs, CURRENCY selsstei
g. 100 hides ana 90 Dtles calcutta cow. IA s private
terms; 70 do. do. bunaio, II lbs, priyate terms,
Sc; 500 dry Mon:ey'deo Ac, part for europe l2sd
900 dry Central American 500 dry Bogota go dry
Porto Plata, loo dry puerto Cabelo, QW dry iampco
gan and Corpus Christi 7sU dry Texas, Western and
Total sos coo des So bales Calcutta COW aud y6i
Calcutta buffalo. Same time 1919 LOO hides and 7l2
baes Eas, India; same time 1871, 1910 hides aud 65
bales East In,iia.
LKAIHnE--Therc Is fair inquiry at the close. with
prices steady Tor ncmlock OAK selling freely at fun
prices Tor middle and heavy weights. We uuote;-
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
The Stock Market Without
Feature.
GOLD sTRoNGE ER-1ll 3-4.
Money Freely offered On Call at
3l-2 4 Per Cent.
GOVERNMENT BONDS FIRM.
WALL STREET,


TUESDAY. Dec. 10, 1874
stocks to-day were heavy, although the market
~as moderately active. The depression, however,
was apparently forced, and at the close lett an un-
settled feeling with reference to prospective
prices The principal weak stock was WABASH.
which seemed to lall or 0Dedient TO recent bad
reports concerning the condition OF the company
and its inability to meet pending obligations.
sympathetic effect was iels elsewhere. The trans
actions In the shares amounted $4,000, the open
ing being 29H and the close 23H, an intermediate
dgure being 2SX. Next In point Of interest was
Pacific Mall which sold at 3s7s a 80 3S1 and
closed at 3Sx. The INVESTIGATIONS at WASH
ingt0n are evidenl lly acting as Q damper
upon speculation In TINS security. and
yes there are those who profess to
have Information concerning the forthcoming re-
port and other facts connected with the Japan and
California business OF the company who are freely
taking the stock ut each deciIiug figure. North
western common sold at47 47l< u 463<. closing at
46k ON large dealings. The pre- erred stock ranged
from olA to 6oX. Union Pacinc opened at 35A. re-
ceded to 341i, but ended at S5f. Western Union
opened at SIX, advanced 10 s2}<, declined to 50
and closed at the opening Ggure. New York Gen.
tral opened at l02, and, ex dividend, closed at
100K. Harlem was steady at l3l. Erie declined
from 27H to 2eX, but recovered to 27X at the
close. st. Paul recedej from IS to 37k, closing
per cent better. The pre- erred ranged from 5oA
to 6eX, but closed 56h. LaSe shore sold at S0H q
90, closing at the latter price. ohio and Mississippi
lost during the day only i ler cent.
THE SALES.
These in the aggregate amounted to 150, 900
shares. showing considerable Improvement on re-
cent business. The details are generally as fol-
lows:-New York Central and Hudson, 600: Erie,
1,100; Lake Shore, IA. $50; North western 1900;
90. preferred, 100; Rock Island, 55O0 Pacific mail,
25,eoO; st. Paul, $500; do. preferred, 500; Ohios,
6,60O; Western Union, 1890; Wabash, 2Se00;
Union Pacific, l3. 400; G., G. and ]. c., 800.
ADVANCE AND DECLINE.
Compared with prices at the close yesterday,
-she following are the differences at the close TO-
day.
ADvANcE.-New York Central, n; Erie, u;
Quicksilver per cent
DECLINE.-C., G. aud G., 4; Delaware and
Lackawanna, "; La Snore, u; Northwest, n /;
Ohio and Mississippi, 4; tacidc Mail, Il Panama,
n; Rock Island. "; 81. Paul, u; Wabash, x I;
Union Pacific, X; Northwestern preferred. y.
hannibal and st. Joseph, Harlem, Western
Unlon Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph and Canton
are as last quoted.
HIGHEST AND LOWEST PRICES.
The following table shows the opening, highest
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
COMMERCIAL REPORT.

Cotton Ffrmei ei-Flour Quiet-Whcat
Easier-Corn Dull Oats steady--vor<
More Active-Lard Lower-Groceries
Duil-spirits Turpentine Higher
Rostn Quiet-Petroleum QuIet-Nvhis-
key Firmer.
TUESDAY, Dec. 15-6 p. NJ.
Trade was stil light In nearly all descriptions OF
merchandise. and the markets were for the most
part duh anu irregular and In many cases wholly
nominal ON Change hour remained very dun
and the market ruled In buyers favor. Wheat
was also duh and some concession was found 10
be necessary in some cases to effect sales. Hold
ers were not generally disposed to concede much,
however, and 1t was about as difficult to buy "a to
sell on the basls OF quotations below Corn was
likewise neglected, but prices were without decided
change. Oats were quiet but well sus tanned. Bar
ley was dull and heavy. Whskey arm. Pork and
other hog meats dull and nearly nominal Lard
was lower but lairly active Freights quiet Cotton,
for future delivery. closed u higher Groceries were
generally neglected. Spirits turpentine higher Pc
troleum firmly held.
ASHES Receipts TOR the past three days IT packages
The demand has been light Fots quoted ut pearls
nominal at SIC.
market. but prices show no material change; 81 10
81 IS for Rocdard common and 81 50 81 IS tor do.
hS%n hosn % aea s. g sosan ssossnd :. s.sss
sSss sa ssSsss ss.sy
ern rolls but otherwise the market is very apet and
's
& ssoa e s,ps srms kn ss chos ss e so0S ss
so &c Sa s TUBS tubs sGoss s s e s ss
H%s sioss al @sas
ss sF%s S Sssa Y
sy ne s S 'sc 70 Sssern m GS
and @ d %cssn aaSa 10 % Dr. esSos 5 sy % a @ s .s @
c &C. I'd do s TAns % so,: see a
do DO. sS%mSa % isr 70; &c DO hSkin:
S S9 s cads S s s Csc @ cen,ra ONO
ana Michigan ne "a I'D do .G ar to sood
BsASs AND rr8s"@ediums are rec duh and values weak
ss IN s
choice 81 50 81 s; msdpm fair to GOOD 81 y s.
" Ss
sssS psss 's% ssns7 g ,ss wss
quiet with Rio ana santas very much neglected and
- A.. samors SsTssrs AN shi
sss 81 ss S5'ss ii
sSS aG s. se e9 va isS
Is s ARA dS E5ss ss It, fs M e
Jamaica. l7c. a SIZE: st. Domingo. loo i7c.; Porto
Rico, i71c. 1yc.; Costa Rica, IKE. 9kc; Mexican
lsc: lsc Angosura, i7c ,sc Sayana, i6c. isc.
ColToN. market for spot was without essential
Improvement although not so much suffering from the
Of large oerings quotations continue nominal
In the absence OF any considerable business support
them. Exporters were wholly out OF the market
compel ed TO take small lots Tor pref engaged freight
room. spinners oought only Tor the exgene.es Of the
moment. The market for future was Ac better
time, chiefly under the influence OF the Bureau report
ana steadier Liverpool but OF this advance lost
later in the day. the market closing with feeble one
receipts oaes in excess receipts OF last week
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
WALL STREET NOTES.
summary or Loose Facts. InAuenctng
Values.

n summary OF Loose FACt0> >xn0ucnCtn0
Values.
There was very little OF fresh interest on the
street yesterday In the shape OF facts. People
wondered allttle at the extremely nervous condt-
ton, as reported. OF Mr.. Irwin, ana querted as to
whether 1t was ID. I. or u. H., which latter cipher
being interpreted means D. HumbuG. They
naturally want to have an end to shis thing. The
stock market could better endure Rufus Hatch
and Russell Sage Ia continued management, with
a chronic determination To libel the title OF the
company, than Mr. lrwlns frigatlul nervousness,
THIS was the only vulgar mct In the situation op-
Grating upon the Stock Exchange. All else were
vulgar fractions, anu Very commonplace they
were.
PRODUCE EXCHANGE.
public meeting OF tie members OF the Ex-
change Will DO neld on Thursday next, as two r.
NJ, to consider the propriesy oil Closing the Ex-
January 2 1879. A reply TO the invitation to inc
Convention OF the Board OF Trade Of Indianapolis
TX sia Ed son. aspea sanuos at s Sasy ss
son appoint delegation from tue Exchange TO
sna ts Vpenng new na We desire to
forward movement nox taken by Jour excellent
institution"
BUTTER AND CHEESE RxcgANGE.
There Was 4 special meeting VI the Butter ana
Cheese Exchange 10 IAsar the report OF tue COM
mittee on the relative wants OF the various dairy
salts. Hon. I. q. lAlvord who was present By
| special INVITATION. delivered an address on the
subject under consideration. The proceedtnRA
were not oi general pubic interest
ThR ssECIE ENGAGEMENTS
for to-days snamsrs and shippers, up to half.past
three o'ci0ckA NJ yesterday, are:-
GOLD COIN
Won Hoffman, $500. 600
Reimont 60. 3OO 900
Harper GOadh 100000
TOTAL lU0, 600
DIVIDEND.
The Centrai Railroad OF New Jersey has declared
q dividend vi ga per CENT payable January 20
1875.
CONGRESS.
The announcement thai tue House had passed q
resolution OF adjournment from Decemper % TO,
January was received on the street yesteruaH
without any signs OF distress.
The New York herald., 1874-12-16
NEBRASKA RELIEF.

In response to numerous inquiries, tho commis
81 ,.ncrs for the relief OF Nebraska sunerers state
chat packages OF clothing. &C., will be brought oy
the dlfYereut express companies free Of charge ts
TINS city. All such packages should DO addressed
sous con triDuting money can send tneil funds -
Saunders Hardenbergh, Nos liz and lll broad
way. who are authorized 10 receive the sames
The New York herald., 1874-12-16

Wheat stl dull and there was rather more dispo
s,ton 10 sell though some ho!dsrs remained ara in their
81 90 tor No. Chicago sprirg in store 81 s Tor small
parcels ahoaI 81 10 x$l tor tull loads Chicago aud
amber winter Corn was dun but unchanged the mar
ke closing nominal At about VAC Vla. IN store 9o}so
yellow, with sales of about o. 0v0 bushels within the
The New York herald., 1874-12-16

THE MONEY MARKET.
Money on call loans was freely offered at az and
Z per cent Commercial paper is discounted at
rates last quoted. Foreign exchange was dull
and steady at 4.S5 for PRIME bankers 60 days.
sterling and 4.90 for demand.
GOLD
advanced rom 11lH to 1llX. at which the bulk Of
business was done. The rates paid for carrying
were 2, and ~ per cent. Loans we're made at
.1.64 per cent TO nat for borrowings