New-York tribune., 1874-01-14
EXPLORATIONS IN 1878.
A SUMMARY OF RESULTS.

| The most important feature Of the annual
meeting OF the American Geographical Society last night
tho address OF Judge DAILY President OF the organ
| ization. TWAS complete review OF the work OF eI
poraton for the year past summing its chief results
The speaker began by citing the query OF a dstin-
guished Bishop at the Stanley reception to the object
| Of geographical societies, and said
The Bishops question may be answered by saying that
during the many years that Prince Henry and ms asso
ciaes werd collected together upon tho promontory OF
Sargos, they formed what NAV be called geographcai
society. Perfecting themselves In the knowledge OF
what known respecting the globe they turned their
attention TO the unknown Cape Bajador the dangerous
OF. Africa In whose boiling surge and encircng cur
| rents so many mariner has found his grave, was
| western coast OF Africa. Prince Henry wished
| TO know what was beyond it,, and when no
| they engaged in a work of geographical society.
whose object is tho same as was hiso promote geoga-
phical exploration and discovery. There not now,
there were then great highways along the ocean 10
there yet part OF the globe Of which
we know nothing about except by conjecture The region
OF 900 OF square miles The Arctic measures
nearly 100000. The unexpored portion fAfrca may be
put down at least as 100000 Tho unknown part OF Aus
traa certainly than twothirds Of that amount,
and in this connection may draw attention 10 the great
the northeast corner Of Asia to Newzeaand occupying
favored part OF the earth and which nave IN
extent the magnitude OF Continent One OF this great
group Borneo considered the second largest island on
tho globe strip along the coast OF about 100 miles
larger portion remains unknown. Pdpua, or new
sss Wha do % no% ss aa on m % nothns gu
matra is 1000 miles in length and CeleDeS ana LuLOn
inferior only to Sumatra ana there are IN adultOh
numerous Islands OF considerable size, large
CeyoD and thousands or minute ISLANDS, many aoounu
ing Ia spices and mineral ores.
After referring to the operations OF Tho Coast survey
photographic Corps. and Engineer Corps Of our own
country the speaker dwet ON the results OF the United
States Geological and Geographical surveys conducted
under the supervision OF Prof Hayden, Prof. Marsh,
Stanley Capt. Jones, Lieut.. Wheeler. and Others OF
which, no said, best reports had been published in
THE TRIBUNE. OF some Of the archaeological discoveries
| OF modern times he said
The recent excavations made IN Rome have revealed
that the ancient city before tho Republic IN thc time OF
the kings was large strongly tortined, and must have
contained immense population. TINS IS contrary 10
the impression oi modern historical critics ana conlrma-
time OF Lvy. large number Of photographs taken %
the observations in their present state nave been ex-
hibitea during the year in London, which snow the
great size and Importance of the earliest buildings IN
Rome The foundations Of the ancient city nave Deen
laid open, which consist of enormous works, many Oi
which were grea; tanks and wells. The foundations axe
constructed of obong blocks OF ua. put together With
out mortar. the style OF building being tho same ss
! found III the runs OF Etrurian cities
the supposed site OF Troy last summer lie thinks t1at
he has discovered the Sklean gate Prams Pidco, ana
Ina great wall described by Homer. lie writes Mr.
SOuthworth Secretary Of his discovery Of great
wooden box Containing jewels, proclous stones orhh
nenls ana arms SIg1 s sd as With tSc hamdes and two
mouths, which box, nc says, mas diSS4pPeareu. no no
cavaons Greece unless he gives up all th4t ne dis
covers and that Ais next excavations VIII probably be
| ia Sicily In tho island OF Delos whole temple he's
been lad bare aud the RUNS OF whole city discovered
and additional excavations attended Win mpOEtah'
discoveries have been made IN Pompeii.
| stone has been found on farm In Parahvba In
Brazil containing an inscription, which upon e1al!na,
ton by the director of the Museum OF RIO Janero was
| found to be III PhBncian characters. IelrAn' uhV
further corroborttion. from saying any more re-
specting this discovery Which, II ah ancient inemoiia
would prove that the Ph~nicAns lad visited AAerita AZ
| very early period
Arctic explorations, as cOnductedsunder the auspices
! ~ fla ted ate
Britain and by private enterprise were noted and tue
results now known to The world were fifty summed up
| in q few Iudicious sentences.
| ASIAN EXPLORATION.
After glance at the reports OF surveying expeditions
| in Central America aud South America, tho speaker
noted of the iruts of Central Asian exploration.
| He said:
| The Russian campaign OF this Summer. which has cul-
minated IN the capture of Khiva, has produced ana Will
roa rssts o Tho estera Of Mr j. A. Msahan e
Herald correspondent IN Central Asia, has furnished
valuable and correct information as 10 the nature Of
these changes, the most important OF Whch Is the add
on of the right bank of the Oxus TO tho Russian do
minons, embracing the country north OF that river
east OF the Sa OF Aral Forty thousand slaves have
been liberated in the conquered territory ana slavery
has been abolished forever. Ihe provision ioohshhe
slavery said TO have been suggestion made by our
corresponding member, MI Schuy Ter IL has abolished
certain houses and has free trade TO he Russians
and to them exclusively with the KhiyeSe, the fgce nay
Among the most important of recent geographical
| explorations is that ol Mr.. Jacob Ealeyy IN the
|
interior OF Yemen. country little knoWp and Ehere
travelling is perilous His journey extended from Hoie-
the Wad FIabouna, isO 5y north latitude. The 1foi
civilization in Arabia was developed in Yemen and
was the work OF people who were not nonlailc. but
who attached to the soil, and who believed IN
| plurality Of gods. It was TO study the Inonuments
ruins and inscriptions OF the ancient Sabean civiza
that this perOus journey was undertaken, which
involved examination OF the geographical features OF
| the country, the ruins OF ancient cities and OF
interesting monuments from which Mr. Haevy brought
back CSC inscriptions On several occasions he owed his
hahn I.ral IN A.
babitants comparatively tolerant especially III DJaou
of Cana In this part of the country ne found many
SlDean inscriptions, and the source OF the River
| Kharid, which toward the interior OF Arabia and
dtsannear afrer fertzug the numerous oases Of the
Da0ui. He this 10 be the river which alluded
Roman army Aelns Gallus before entering the conn
Try OF the sa6eans Innuherable ruins in crumbling
condition. he saws, the SOIL on the banks OF the
| Kharid and It's aiiluent, the Medhcb.
Concerning the explorations in Jerusalem, the speaker
The details OF this work. which occupied nearly three
years, too numerous to enter upon; shafts were
| below the present various places
siderable Depth and discoveries were made OF extensive
suherrnean passages and galleries. winding aqueducts
and canals, which cut in the solid rock chambers
draDs sewers, wells, and tanks stream OF running
low the surface aud still running circumstance Of
interest there - dearth OF water In Jerusalem.
Inscriptions I'm the Pnpnican characters in red paint
were found upon walls and many objects OF interest were
gathered, such as lamps pottery, weights seals gems
| containing human remains. An attempt was made to
determine the exact position OF parts OF the Temple and
| the site OF oOlOmon- Dul NnIt luc
have had the effect OF disturbing OF the pre-
theories the precise locality OF places, they
have been sufficiently certain TO remove doubts or
10 dispense with further inquiry Much has certainly
been added knowledge Of the ancient city, but It
mat he admitted In OF the time labor and money
that have expended that the results have not been
| AS great was expected for the reasons already
| stated. ro-...
During the three years that the explorations In Jerusa
| lem were III progress, Capt. Warner made several
INTO the interior. The hrst was 10 the
main of PhiIstIa lying between Judea aud the Meder
ranesn the land OF the ancient Philistians Here ne
fund fertile soil neglected the very existence OF when