The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-03-30

BILE occasions during period OF twenty five years
the opinions thus entertained nave been unre-
lature Of my native state In the House OF
Representatives OF the United States 1t has been
openly indicated by me; in the Senate Chamber,
in the presence and hearing OF many VINO ale aG
this tine members or tnat body, 1t has been
there made and by votes there recorded In
popular assembases l nave unhesitatingly an-
nounced 1t, and IN the last public declaration
before the late Presidential election, referred
to my previously expressed opinions as being
those then entertained by me. Win a iuI knowl-
edge OF he opinions thus entertained, and never
concealed. was elected by the people Vice presi-
dent OF the United States. BY the occurrence OF a
contingency provided Tor by the constitution, and
arising under an impressive dispensatiOn OF PrOvi-
dence, succeeded to the Presidential ONCE. Be-
tore entering upon the duties of that office TOOK
an oath hat would preserve, protect and delepd
the constitution OF the United States. Entertain
oath, the senate and the country Will see thar
could not give my sanction to a measure OF the
char eI described without surrendering all claim
to the respect OF honorable men, all confidence on
the part 81 the people, all sell-respect, all regard
for mora and religious obligations without an OBJ
servance of which no government can be prosper
Gus and 10 people can be happy. 1t would be TO
commit crime which would not wiliully commit
to gain IA earthly reward and which would Justly
subject ne to the ridicue and scorn of all yirtuous
men.
hist DRY OF the United States Bank, remarkng that,
n0twltnsand ng The immense transactions Of the
bank In the purchase OF exchange the losses
discounts the suspended debt was enormous, and
proved most disastrous to the bank and the cOun-
try. Its power he asserts OF local discount ''has,
in TACT, proved to be fruitful source OF favorllsm
and corruption, alike destructive to the public
morals and to tie general veal. The capital in
vested II hanks OF discount in the United States,
created by the States. at this time exceeds
$780, 900; and II the discounring OF local paper
could hsve produced any beneficial elects, the
United states ought to possess the soundest cur
rency In The world; but the reverse Is lamentably
the TACT He gives ms objections to the clause IN
fullest power TO establish q branch in any
State wflcn has yielded Its assent and having
once established such branch 1t shall not after
wards be Withdrawn except by order OF Congress.
The assent or dissent Is to be expressed uncon-
ditOnally at the hlst session Of the Legislature by
some formal legislative act, and Il not so eX-
pressed It's assent Is TO be implied; and the di-
reclurs are thereupon invested with power, ut
such time thereafter as they may please to estaD-
llsn branches, when cannot afterwards be With.
drawn except BY lesoly1 ol Congress; me Presl,
inneXibe, many OF the state elections having
already taken place without any knowledge on
the part Of the people Tat sacn question lion
OF the people may he defeated and the
object OF the directors OF the bank be
afterwards protest, but its authority Is gone. 10
SUCH nerences President Tyler says he cannot
yield his consent NO court OF justice would or
could sanction Ghem witnour reversing ali that IL
established in judicial proceeding by producing
presumptlons at variance with lact aud lnlerenceS
But lu,ther, remarks President Tyler, the estate
may express under the most solemn form OF legis-
iatlon IT'S dissent, which may, from time to tune
thereafter, be repeated IN 1u view OF It's own i'll
terest, wHica can never be separated rom the
wise ana oener oal operations oil ihls government;
and yet Congress may by virtue OF the last pro-
vlso, overruie.ts law, aud upon grounds which to
such State VIII appear to rest OH constructive
necessity and proprlety and nothing more. | re-
gard TINS bill as asserting Congress the right TO
incorporate United States Bank with power and
right 10 establish Offices OF discount and deposit liz
the several states ol this Union, With without
their consent-a principle 20 which have always
heretofore beea opposed and which can never Oh
tain my sancton.H
The possibility OF q ne,o issue OF i,,convertib,e
paper regard Nth ana0zeDaeat and anxiety, 0nd
IN nav judgment, such issue Uood De a detri-
nle1t ana q Shanse-CHARLEs SUMNER.
Tylcr's Veto Of the Second Fiscal Bank
Bill.
. - seatrny admit that, while the qualified
veto with which tne Chef Magistrate Is invested
should he regarded, and was intended by the wise
VINO maze IL par 81 ~ Inc Us
the exercise OF which, on important occasions, a
mere representative majority might urge the gov
eminent IN Its legislation beyond the limits liked
by It's trainers, or might exert It's just powers too
hastily or oppressively. yet 1t is power which
ought 10 be most cautiously eXerted, and per-
haps never, except Ia case eminently involving
the pubic interest," or one in which the Oatn
OF the Presloent acting under his convic-
lions, both mental and moral, imperiOusly requires
its exercise. In such case he has no alternative.
He must either exert the negative power in
trusted TO MIN by the constitution chiefly Tor its
own preservation, protection and defence, or COM
NIT an act OF gross moral turpltude. Mere regard
to .ne Will of majority must not, in constitu.
tiona republic Ike ours, control this sacred ana
solemn duty OF a sworn officer. The constitution
itself regald and cherish as the embodied and
States. 1t Is their fixed and fundamental law,
which they unanimously prescribe to the public
This, their Will and the law which they have
given us as the rule OF our action, has no guard,
no guarantee Of preservation, protection ana de-
to public officers, the sancuty with which
they shall reigously observe those Oaths, and the
patriotism with which the people shall shield it by
their own sovereignty, whcn has maze the con-
sttution supreme. 1t must be exerted against
the VIII OF o mere representative majority or not
at all. 1t is alone IN pursuance OF thai will that
any measure can ever reach the President, and to
say that because majority in Congress have
passed q bill the PRESIDENT should therefore sane
ton it Is TO abrogate the power altogether and to
render It's insertion in the constitution u work OF
absolute appropriation. The duty is to guard the
fundamental VIII OF the people themselves rom,
in tins case, admit, Unint entiona change or in
fraction by majority IN Congress and IN that
light alone DO l regard the constitutional duty
which now most reluctantly discharge.
President Tyler's Veto of the Distribu-
ton of Public Lands Revenue Bill,
August II, 1912.
The veto OF this bill created almost as much ex-
citement tn Oughout the country as Jacksons veto
Of the United states Bank bill. The excitement in
New York among the democrats was intense, as
the measure was q pet one OF the whigs and its
veto by Tyler was considered as reaching crisis
in political affairs and as separating his admins
trat Oh entirely rom wing Influences
President Folks Vetoes Of the River
and Harbor Bill, August s, and French
Sp0liatiOn Bill, August IL, 1916.
In returning the bill making appropriations for
the Improvement OF certain harbors and rivers,
President Po.k stated that should 1t become d
Drtncit,e cot q as will
ably lead TO large and annually increasing appro-
priations and drains upon the Treasury. With
such an Increase OF expenditure must necessarily
follow either an increased pubic debt or Increased
burdens upon the people by taxation.
In returning the French SpOation bill President
Polk said he did SO upon the grounds OF its mex
pediency alone. TN December Is, 1S47, he sent in
a message to Congress- giving his reasons In full
for vetoing the River and HarbOr bill OF last
ui1u