The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1874-08-22

the llvlng rooms. If the dwellers in "a
mousse over such cellar should have
the typhoid fever, they should not at
tfleute their sickness to some mysteri-
Gus providence. The wonder is that
providence provides so many antidotes
10 disease when men are so careless
The cellar should be kept neat and well
ventilated; especially should all veee-
tables be removed as soon as they begin
to sprout and decompose. A coat Of
Wh1tewash viii do much toward sweet
enIng the air of the cellar. but nothing
can accomplish this effectually without
thorough ventilation. OF course the
windows should all be ont and tba
gangWay left open. The most effectuaI
ventilation for the cellar, and one which
operates both winter and summer. is to
make hole in the chimney The draft
Will be up the chimney, whether the
wind blows or not, and all vile odors
VIII be deodorized as they pass up the
ilues. If allowed to escape from the
cellar windows they often find their
way into the house, and always polIute
the surrounding air.
! Another frequent cause of disease in
a farmers surroundings is the cess
| pool. Into this are poured the wash
water and the Stops of the house gen
orally, and a richer compound for the
land can hardly be desired than that
found in a cess-pool during the fer
menting months of July and August It
makes sQuashes and cucumbers grow
at a great rate, but the very cause
which makas it good for the land rem
ders It's eXhalations unfit for breathing.
How to avoid the poisonous gases
arising from the fermenting contents of
/ the cess-poOl is one OF the perplexing
/ questions of country life We have no
| sewers by which to take off the waste
| OF the family to the sea or river, and
would not like to losea this fertilizing
material If we had a sewer. If the
house stands on 9n elevation, this
waste can be readily conveyed III ce-
ment pipes so such a distance that the
eXhalatlons will not return to poison
the family, especially If some pine
trees be planted between the house and
! the outlet. At this outlet a compost
heap can be formed OF great value by
scooping out the soil, bowl-shaped,
cementing the bottom, If it is of a
/ leachy nature, and filling in OCCASION
ally with sods or dry muck.
The privy is another prolific source
of disease around the farmers premi-
ses. Here are deposited the excrement
of the family, and though no one may
be sick, and thus communicate disease
through this sink hole, still the decay
and waste OF the body are represented
in the privy vault, and the tendency of
all decay is to propagate decay. # the
al
the house, the pernicious gases are
liable to penetrate into every room, I'M
less special pains are taken. The privy
vault should be cemented on the side
and made air tight on top, and then,
with q ventilating-tub running from it
to the top of the house-or, better
still, the chimney-the current of air
Will pass down through the holes and
up this tube. With daily sprinkling
of dry earth or sifted coal-ashes upon
the excrement, the air of the water
closet can be kept perfectly sweet and
wholesome. The privy OF many farmers
are out doors, and of course there is
less hazard from these, as the air circu-
lates between them and the house; hut
IN these cases it viii pay both in health
and fertilizing material, to cover the
excrement daily with dry earth and an
occasional sprinkling Of copperas.
Another surrounding Oh the farm
house, and great breeder Of disease
as it is too frequent kept, is the barn
yard. Now barnyards are good In their
place, but their place Is not under the
kitchen windows, as we have sometimes
seen them located. He makes a great
mistake who does not contriye to have
a free circulation of pure air between
the abode Of his family and the abode
of his beasts. 1t may be very conven-
lent TO go from the house to the barn
without going out doors, but con-
venience is not the only thing to be re-
garded in constructing buildings. 1t
would be very convenient to have a
bedroom next to the stable. Put the
barn and barn yard at suitable distance
from the house 10 the leeward Of the
prevalent winds, and out Of sight and
smell, if possible, if already located
near the house, and it is impossible to
move them, plant a screen OF pine trees
between the barn and the house, to pre-
vent unseemly sights and still more I'M
seemly SMELLS In any event the stables
should be kept sweet and the barn-yard
should not be one great slough Of des-
pond and breeder of disease. 1t was
fashionable, a few years since, to rec
commend a cOncave barn-yard, SO as to
save the liquids and manufacture more
manure This is all well enough, but
the cattle do not thrive IN filth. They
want a comfortable place to stand and
lie down, Just as much rs other folks.
Even that much-abused animal, the hog,
is naturally neat, and becomes filthy
only through poor domestic training.
This leadsus TO say that the hog-pen Is
another breeder of disease around the
premises OF many farmers. During
the hot days we have sInelled hog-pens
at the distance of ten or q dozen rods,
that We're enough to make dog run
mad. Keep the hog-pen well Uttered
with refuse straw, or weeds, or suds,
and the profit will be increased, as we'll
Us the comfort and health Of the fam
iIv. The suggestion with reference 70
the location OF the barn will apply with
equal force to the hOg-pen. Indeed,
though the latter is ofteuer placed near
the house than is the barn, there is
+ greater reason for keeping it at arms
! length for the hog voids much urine,
and his excrements ferment rapidly ami
with an abolniuable odor. a gentle
man who is so unfortunate as to have
his barn and hog-pen near his house,
was recently showing rs about the
buildings. and pointing TO his hog-pen,
said. stThiS Is the greatest nuisance