The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-02-07


weight ; or of one prime equivalent ot car
bon, and two of oxygen. 1t Is heavier
than common air ia the relation of nearly
three to two. When it accumulates m a
solid stratum it lies heavily upon the moor
of the mine. sometimes for two rect "'
thickness while the air above may ne COM
,,.,.ti,eh uura Il. however, readily
dihrs itself among the atmospheric air.
\. il produced by a nun r Of causes.
which are constantly at work, as by hui
man respiration, the combustion II the
miners lamps, and explosions Of powder,
etc, and is also liberated from the coal,
having been formed With the original pro-
cess Il the decomposition Of the coal
marshes. In some mines il is evolved 50
rapidly from the tissues OF the coal strata
As a. eNtlngIsh a light when Immediately
presented a. the newly cut face ~. coal
Possessing the power nj diffusion, it spreads
ltsviim All directions, and becomes diluted
With TIE fresh aerial current Of the mine,
until both light and life cam 81 maintained,
for. as IS well known, N il pure and IN
diluted state II Is rank poison.
In a sohd state, carbon constitutes the
''''' 0V'1 '' NM" t''s'N 'O'f
largely of carbon. the hydrogen VI ths coal
having been liberated ia the at II CONF
bustion of the coal Anthracite coal cun-
..;..,.:.t. an...- L..
'''''-' '' IS ' ~
Is the union ~ carbon ana oxygen "hich
constitutes the black damp ~ the mines.
This -as was Formerly called n>gd air u,
I,.. .,.....,-....- H.. pr.... .fL.4;,,I,,-.t'
rom ITS tAis'lA- s' e'Ii''Siy lii IllieS''il'S'
and other solid substances. Il Is from the
presence uf this gas that the coal miners
of A,o.,,-, s,,+r.r ,r..+ Ill.,. a.. lam.
M
e'' 'o'''''e o''i-e "l 50 many vi l"'
English c"al mines, is found in greatest
abundance III mines that ran.. ia depth
from, -uO f..t u, 1ono f..+ 1...,,i....
ma ''OiiN ii' oil ""il'' ''olN gas
had ventilation is very frequently the rule,
wher, damp il gwen uF cupiously. treat
,,,5 ,,,,....,s,,,., .+,..,,+,..,. y.
was .''i va " S'i''l5 anu Ie''l'Hf sur
rent 10 fresh arr OH dilute and sweep away
the miitmab.e AIR, ana men of superior
shIu anu intelligence are always sought 10
dirett thr su"terranean excavations but
"Htrc bl4eA damp is only generated
greater attention is gwen IN general cases,
IMAM lh the production ~ sufhclent at"ns-
pHerlc am to support h4ht. The injuries
resulting to miners irnm breathing impure
alr are greater IMAM from explosions "a hre
damp Although there are many times
great numbers ~ men Killed by nre damp
explosions, the Wurhutu exposed tp One
influence VI the black damp are diving
dUlly ny inches they du met one az uc..
b"L Nli-tF lew years and Gus. Nn1 tir
Fu"Al are never made aware ui tHe fdtt.
VINE Ftas th explosion II lire damp IN IA
It"u'hl Win sueh direct consequences
tnal 1ie LOSS NJ l1e Is made transparent
Z" a---
~ l'ssih5 through aillnr- tlenln thr une
'I lle mann an current, lht alr h never fresh
ana sweet ~ a'uN ground. Al the Wol AiH-
iac-s There Ls- IN general cases, r." move
mtht Whatever 't tut circulating stream.
wen powder Is used. huholn- volumes
n 'in' A' l'"' tAe Air 'tl4 t'" frequently
"lo't N' l""'lr N ustu tut ""rhhru are
i""Au enNtlvied HI tt'uu III smoke "hleh
ISSUES from IhtT amps, bodies ana lungs,
Ar" hangs around All Gay ahu Is hreathed
Hio the lungs again and AGAIN The COM
Positloh q gunpowder contains t4.o per
cent # saitpe1Te' l5-o per crnt If sul phar
al'u il-' Per cent n charcoal when ls
converted ~ explosion into "o If carh"mc
acid' II p nitrogen, and m oI the sulphate
ID.
III caroohle ACID = Workman RI z SHAFT
MI 'lSiiI i'o'Is !" llI breathe 'f.G' I'M l"nss'
anu produce rom Ili' ramp aua his l""Itr'
Nth" Per oolll III cal','i,iy ati'- m "h'ie
l"u"It lilS luah'lty Mlil become liberated
lfoln llIe SIT iat., III oe termed ir''h I'M
III 'lle WASTE iLa't' ."ls MI 'he
Lel "Iiy iilaH St''i" near lht 'fi-
noo IN 1T " SAT- sl'aIt' a. Tn I"uI AT
issu'e IT'LL ''e I'lil'' III alii's ihere
uo'Sei ATTY nleVi,''l.Ics'''y charge" WIN
SiiloAe ollu uuS' aAo various Hap"is, i ne
wiSlIeS {" earn some lIililS q the conditions
n i'ii'''I9 w. ~ 'ilS siooily
''liVaii ~ IN eai lh-
oNi'0 N"Hr'e u"'n Pl Is announcer
10 "lil ei'liieii' oi tIe mines
~ ''N l'os''l1iI ,l lis "a coiiIalIS atom
~ Nss'H anu NJ c"ipoh oy Volumes
-. .II An - -. - ..a
~ I'll liz ~ "eigut oells 9oo5
81 ~ 80 Aloon i' 4 neaIly Oh
SAM weight ol C.i-'ii''i, an S'"ii''lliS
III me reiaVloh OF 90 20 A. rms gas Is |
very ueietellous IN It's nature ana unlike |
caroonlc acld winch VIII not support hight, |
Ine miners lalLps VIII bHIh win great /
clearness after lie has been destroyed.
Carbohic OXIDE rs produced III coal mines
by the combustion OF powder ana ny tires.
1t Is not very common IN these modern
days, except where powder Is largely used
by the miners but III ancient times when