davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17
The Manufacture of Iron in India.

MIR. David Forbes, +. r. s., in his re-
port appearing in the Journal Of the Iron
and Steel Institute, has the following
"In the records Of the Geological Sur
vey Of India, will be found commnnica-
tion by. Mr.. Theodore Hughes, entitled
Note on some Of the iron deposits Of
Chanda, Central Provinces" which gives
y description Of some Of the deposits Of
iron ore long worked by the nativesin that
district as well as some details of the prim-
tive mode of smelling still carried on at
present III this part Of the world, which
We venture to make few excerpts AZ in
teresting, if only by showing how vastly
different the scale is on which the manu-
facture Of iron is conducted in different
parts Of the British Empire III the 10Th
century The most noted localities for
abundance and excellence Of ore are De-
walgoaD, Goenjwahi and Lohara, the ores
from which were some years back analy-
zed by the author OF tins report for the
Indian government, and the results of
which will be found published in the first
quarterly report for 1872 Of these de-
posits Mr.. Hughes considers that Of Lo-
hara as the most worthy Of notice 1t con
sists Of compact specular ore, with some
magnetic oxide, forming a hill some three
eighths Of a mile in length, POO yards
broad, and from 100 to l20 feet in height,
whilst the main lode, striking northeast by
north, can be traced for several miles
this immense mass being almost pure ma
tive oxide Of iron The native furnances
Of Chanda, in which these ores are smelt-
ed, are somewhat higher and larger than
those of Bengal, being nearly six feet IN
height, owing to the front face being car
ried upwards in order to back the ore
around the feed hole. The height Of the
actual smelling shaft is from four to slA
inches 70 FIVE feet, and its internal section
that IL = cone diminishing in diameter
from eighteen inches at a height Of si1 IN
ches above the hearth, to nine inches al
the height Of three feet above 1t The
hearth, AS usual. slopes from behind for
wards, and the bloom Is taken out through
the face. The tuyeres are nine inces long,
one and half inches in diameter behind,
and three-fourth of an inch in front, and
they are supplied by bellows usually work
ed BY hand The following figures show
the results Of SIX smeltings IN different
villages, A. taken down by Major Glas-
ford
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

Union lnolders are requested To stay
away from the shops of Joseph Bell & Go.
in Wheeling, Vest Virginia
Mr.. John ). Perry. u Albany, calculates
that gross ton of IRON will make 2, l2(
pounds of clean castings. which Ould make
seven stoves at 3Oo pounds each. he fur
ther calculates that mOlding costs 81 81
per hundred pounds. which would make
the c,'st Of 800 pound stove for nolding,
<4.l2k.
Il. f. Every 4 sons, 81 Louisville, Ny,
proprletOrs 81 the largest Plow factory IN
the world, received lately one angle order
from the South for .. .U,U ~ their celebrat-
ed plows Judging from the value of a
ploW, this IS probably one Of the biggest
orders ever received III that city in any
kind Of business
The new foundry a. VT. Clare, Upper
Providence township, Montgomery county,
Pa, is fast approaching completion.
Counting the cost of printing the pro
ceedings Of the Convention and the new
CONSTITUTIONS, the total cost of the Rich
mond ConN entIon to the organization was
81. 73O
Referring to the state of trade during the
past year, the journal says Ii is now
one year since the panic commenced our
Union has weathered the storm as 10 9TH
eT trade organization has done We are
numerically and financially as strong to-
day AS We were one year ago. and although
the coming winter promises to be as gloomy
as was the last, yet We can see mo- reason
why, when spring opens, shall not BE- Ia
condition to take advantage II the revival
IA trade, that must take place 81 that time
Our members should bear ia mind, that
not one ton VI castings viii be made al 4
reduction ~ wages, more than would ~
made If reductions were not mentioned.
No doubt, many false inducements will be
held out for men To accept reductions but
when we remember that the prices of pig
iron has fallen from S45 to $50 per ton,
since the panic, and that it can not he sold,
even at that immense reduction(:i3 per cent J
it must be evident to all that small re-
duction III wages will not force demand
for their products. reduction u wages
will not give any man an extra days work;
anything our employers may say u the
contrary, Notwithstanding.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17
CHATTER XVII.

The men who had been on the alert for
Robert Parton at the entrance to the rs-
vine, in which the cabin was situated, did
not awaken until late in the morning upon
which the man whom theyhad been watch
ing and his companion had returned to the
village. They were somewhat surprised at
the quietness which Pervaded the ravine,
and as no visible signs Of the existence Of
any human being IN or near the old cabin
were apparent, they resolved to descend to
the place. This they did, and were
chagrined and surprised to observe that the
old cabin was empty, that their men had
escaped unperceived during the night. and
that the reward that they had expected to
Obtain for the capture of Robert
Parton had vanished. They did not sup
pose that their presence had been discov-
cred, but that Robert Parton and his com
panion, james Mayhem, had gone away 10
some other place Of concealment. They
felt convinced that all chances for q recap
ture were Of no avail, and they expressed
their dissatisfaction and chagrin by storm
Of invictive aud abuse upon the man who
had bafled them. There Vas nothing for
them to do but to control their anger, and
return to Paterson, and this they did.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17
CHICAGO DETROIT CINCINNATI SATURDAY OCTOBER H. 1874

Well, We are beaten this time. sal,
one of the men.
ca. and badly too."
1t was folly for both Of us to sleep a
the same time" continued the other
One of us should have kept awake. Th'
worst of it is that we have no clue as TO tn,
whereabouts Of the men. Come let N
trudge on. We may find them On tbs
way to the village"
They went on their eagerness to over
take their escaped man, causing them Il
| exert an unusual degree Of speed. 1t wa
not until about noon that they reached the
| town
A scene Of the widest commotion
around the courthouse met their view
They hastened forward, and were soon
pressing their way throng the assemblsge
to the courtroom which was crowded to
its utmost capacity.
What is it2" queried one of the men. =
Robert Partonr
WHAT He has been recaptured r.
mo, he has delivered himself up, and
his counsel is now applying for a new
trial.
The two men exchanged looks signi6
cantly.
" Then he gave himself up voluntari-
Tyr
Yes"
And he is on trial now y
Yes"
They pressed forward and listened
In the prisoners dock was Robert Par
ton, while in the courtroom around him
was the judge, jury and witnesses. The
counsel for the defence was endeavoring to
secure for him new trial, and as he sat
down the Judge said
The new trial is granted. The court
will adjourn until this afternoon, to again
resume the case in court.
There was rush for the door, the
throng were dispersed, the prisoner was
re-conveyed to his cell, and the judge and
jury retired. The two men who had Just
arrived from their fruitless chase after the
man who had voluntarily delivered him
self up awaited the arrival Of Edwin
Amory, who soon emerged from the court
room. They approached him and drew
him aside
: Well T. he said.
: You want us this afternoon 4"
= Yes
: We will be ready to testify then, you
can depend upon rs
To BIZ CONTINUED.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

These returns show not only great dli-
ference III price paid for the charcoal III
the different districts. but also ia the yield
uf IRON. although the ore appears ." be
nearly uniform, and contains probably
some 10 per cent. metallic IRON a. least. II
the proportion of iron ore to that VI char
coal used in the above smeltIngs be taken,
it will be found to vary from IL to p
times the weight, and much greater in
Brahmapuri, whilst that Of the ore to the
iron obtained varies from three to hve
times, and is the greatest in Muhl. The
iron thus obtained is called Exit by the
Maharattas, and is mass of spongy iron
Stag and charcoal, which has to undergo
two refnings before it is considered proper
malieable iron. The first of these opera
tions is effected by the men who reduce It
from the ore. They heat it in a refinery
until the Stag is more or less expelled, and
the iron consolidated to a compact bloom,
during which operation it loses so much IN
weight that mass formerly weighing
some fourteen seers, viii be diminished tn
ten seers the charcoal employed beng, il
is said, some twenty seers, or little less.
These blooms are then cut In halves, when
they are called ''chul and sold to the
regular metal workers (lohars), who work
them over again, BY which from one-thlrd
up to one-haIf the weight is lost, and then
it is made into the various agricultural or
household articles in general use.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17
Co Operation

GOdin, \ manufacturer at tiulse, France,
has introduced there practical and profit
able system oi co-cperation. In a work On
the subject Godin says that he became
convinced that the principal evils of pow
erty were lack Of ability 10 procure cooks,
nurses, doctors and other necessary at
tendance ill-dralned and ill lighted houses.
lack Of moral amusements, and consequent
temptations Godin built a great social
palace on the banks of the Disc, in which
his employees live, and where their wants
are supplied BY cooperative stores. kitch-
ems and laundrles Theatrical and concert
troupes formed among the inhabitants, fur
nish amusement, and a physician, drug
gist and skilled nurses attend the sick.
He has lost nothing by his philantI .rOpy,
the rents paying a tair return ON the capi.
tai invested. He also shares the profits
above 10 per cent On the capital investec
with the workingmen, besides paying then
good wages.
A carriage factory, to be managed OF
the cooperative princ'ple. has Just beer
established at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Esel
workman shares equally in ell gains o
losses. Ii u called the Excelsior Carriag
Manufacturing Company.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17
CHAPTER XXVI.
ROBERT PARTON.

Ii was indeed true. The young me
chanic resolved soreturn and meet his enc
mics. He knew that he was no more pre-
pared for fair defence in the presence of
bought-up and prejudiced jury than he
had been before, but the news which May
hew had brought him concerning the con-
spiracy between Edwin Amory and the
two men of the village led him to deter
mine that he had better return before
some new plot against him was developed.
He would either vindicate himself or be-
come an innocent prisoner Of the State.
The stigma Of guilt was upon him. To re-
move Il he boldly resolved 10 return to the
village and trust to Providence for the rest.
Mayhew did not entirely approve of his
decision, yet deep thought in his mind
indicsted itself in his eyes, and il was evi-
| dent that no had some Important and new
project under confederation sl
81 think that / could mot act in any
other way than do, " said Robert, after ?
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17
DEATH OR FREEDOM
IA UEKNLb AA>>th

Eh GERALD AA>~A.
Sntttrn stones viii talk with fery tongue
And the Wurn, when trOddon, Will turn
But. suNar.i-, b q cringe to the crueloSt NrOug~
And answer with never 4 spuTn.
Iurn torture, tyrants. the spiritles- druoe
Colunba's heots will bear
There he'll 10 their hatred G,l la Their hove
Nor shame ~ their deaths despair
FOR oar fathers are rsNitg Tor IEauper la,,
our mothers With deaths kiss are white
cur sons the rich mans serfs bs day.
Ana .lr daughters his Slave ny ght
Die ,,rr,, drunk With or car. hAss the
driven
Ih, ttuJ "a the pror mai
fsr~- ~eary OF waiting the he.p 4 Hrss~a
Ana the battle goes still With the hsI.
ph hui death Tor death. aud life for lie
Il Ner, better 10 take zud -iN,.
" ,th hand to throst. and knife ." suiIr
Than iie ont a. thousands iite
FvI oar father. are pra, lug for pauIvT I-s
Ou. mothers with deaths kIss arr ~hite.
cur -pu- tre the rich mans -tTts l., dIs.
Ana cur daughters hi, -lA, e by ui.h
Nhen ~, heart q one half ths World doe, t-at
AKIN 70 the brsve snd the true.
And the tram u prmucrtgy = earthquake feet
Goes thrilling the aide world through.
We should not he living Ia darkness and dust.
Aud dytug ike >l4S - IA the night.
But, big with thr ight II the inward must.
We should battle thr freedom and right
But oar father, are praying iur rsul,er pay.
Our mother With death. kisS are white
Our sous are the rich mans ,erfS hy daN.
And our daughter hI- slaves hN night
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

The outcrop Of the coal vein ~ Golden.
Colorado, passes through the west side vi
the town for one aud half miles, diatancr
north, as west magnetic. Extent D
thickness II the 1--WE veins known i thirty
i've Of the best quality Of semi bituminous
coal found in Colorado. This coal has been
used upon the Colorado Central Railroad,
with wide end narroE -gaugsfor four years
and is to-day pronounced superior for
steam purposes to any other Colorado coal.
whether Canon City coal, or Marshall, or
Baker, or Erie coal. This has been speei-
ally proved up0n long trial up the Canon
Railroad Or Clear Crse&, where the sxtsn
awe gra1es aud curvatnres require the ex-
treme limit Of working pressure aud "
rapid steam production There are two
coIlierieB nj work to-day for the local de-
mand for eDal In the mining regionn in
Denver, and DOR the Colorado Central
Railroad umd brnnchnm aAcsmmlr cmphoify
Of thawarka at tpEppeue- Awp hmmdunh tu1A
PET dnmp Lhnnn rnalTpmdn cr0as fln opsl
veiEA alid it, tehdf 6ooess - iufkAnrA
q ths lS..aasds O. CgssAa
I L.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

rt,stu. his hand looked back AT the villa
slunherng peacefully III the silver noon
light
Beware. Edwin Amory, hemuttered. "
The man whom your infamy sent to the
State prison will yet bring you to task
for your deeds. j"
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

The Governments Of Augteim and Rus
ain have agreed to open negotiations with
the Sublime Porte locking 10 the fsaogni-
tiou Of chs Independence Of R9nlnania ~
TtIrkeve
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

Between 1900 and $500 men siII bav..
nothing to dc all winter unIess they seeL
work elsewhere anc more than half NJ tbe,,
have hardly dollar laid oy tor the wtnt..,
II Is very easy to imagine the suffering
there viii be unless something ia dome
The amount Of money that would be paid
out monthly in the several mills provided
the men worked under the reduction and
on full time, would be about As follows
Burdens works. ......... ......... s1l ooo
COrnings.- .............. VI f.,a
Rensselaer, works .. o9TC
steel works NJ Tr4
Tots. ...-.-....... ............ slgg 90
This Sl33, 0O. whichis about the amount
paid out, is but eighty-eig per Gel If
what was pald uuder the old prices.
During the meeting yesterday afternoon
President Harris read statements Of prices
received in other places, all of which we're
greater than those received at Troy. Pre-
'lous To the taking ~ the final vote At the
meeting, the men we're advised by the
President not 70 accept the prices offered,
rs they were much too low, and we're in
formed that the National Forge would pro-
tect them In this strike. There are ahout
two hundred puddlers In the city, and the
married men will receive 81 per week,
single men 70. Many of the men will seek
70 lessen the expense Of the National
Forge by procuring employment elsewhere,
and they will get through the winter as
well as circumstances will allow. There
are z, 300 others who exist, most Of whom
have no union to sustain them Ii is a
DISASTROUS lockout, and satisfactory set
tlement Of difficulties would be hailed v it'll
Joy BY everyone. Times
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1874-10-17

u, Charter of this Bank expressly zy-- tn AAsElE
NOAkS aud CHILDREN the right t. deposit and dr.
,.otInousy In THKIR Jan NAMES.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-01-02
A FATAL PUNISHMENT BY BATH

A PRISONER ~ THE ILLINOIS PENIrESIIARY DIES
FROM THE EFFECTS OF A BATTI-TIIE PRISON
OFFICIALS ENUMERATED AND PRAISED BY A COR
oNERs JURY.
la the Coroner's inquest in the case OF
Henry Williams. convict in the Illinois Penitentary,
died Dec from tie effects of bach ordered by Dr.
Mason prison ply stefan, for punishment testimony
taken showing that the prison officials pave an e1
aggerated idea their authority and duties. DR..
Cansisius OF the PeniteDary Commissioners test
that he did mot think it necessary To hold an In
quest dying in punishment" In the prison. The
COrOners jury made it's report Dec 80 pndlng at the
remote Of the prisoners death was heart disease
and the immediate cause rupture OF the heart
caused either by violent physical struggle. or the
shock while receiving cold BATH or from the ehtc
OF botn," IN the presence Of j. r. Hall, the acting
warden The Jury further found that DR.. Mason had
his authority 10 battle the prisoner from the
Commissioners, although their written rules
abolished the bath punishment" and also
that the bathns performed their duty with
The verdict closed with paragraph declaring the
disciplined Of the prison 10 be most excellent and the
officers humane. caUable, aud efficient. These state
ments, however, somewhat weakened by the test-
mony OF physicians, who testified that any competent
physician would have known, after examination,
whether Wlliams's condition was such as to render
bath dangerous The Chieago Times says the verdict
marvel Of petfoggery." The Tribune speaks Of II
ae follows:
II virtually the verdict OF the Penitentiary Com
mssioners Wardeus. aud physician, not OF t,e people
the state OF Illinois. Tue Pententiary officials were
represented by cOunseu extraordinary proceeding III
COrOUer's investigation (; the people were untepTe-
scented. 1t il verdict not IN accordance WIN the
testimony before the jurors. The careful manner
IN which every one connected with TINS outrage
If acquitted, not only from all blame, but
even from negligence, and the gratuiious way
in which the Penitentary officials are ndorsed
will cause the suspicion at least that IL was IN
spred within the walls Of that institution The verdict
not only an unsatisfactory one bnt IL is absurd anu
upon face Under such circumstances as
these. the people, who were not represented VIII dc
pand that the investigation snail now 20 before
tribunal competent 60 s the the bottom, and
decide VINO il TO blame for this outrage.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-01-02
INDEPENDENCE OF THE BENCH

RECORDER HAckErT REsENTs POLITICAL INTER
FERENCE.
Recorder John X Hackett has received the
following letter Dr. Feodor Merson, Secretary OF
the XXth Assembly District Tlmmany Hall General
Committee:
To he Honorable Court Of General Sessions.
GENnEMEy: The Committee on Organization OF Tam
mauy Hail has signed TO district one deputy clerk
and officer OF your Court suitable persons 10 De
recommended Ivy the Tammany Hall Committee OF our
district You will oblge the UNDERSIGNED by signiysng
your intention in regard thereto, and stating al "hat
time recommendations are TO be sent IN
The Recorder IN replying to Dr. Mierson, says
Ihave been Recorder nearly eight years and bave
before received such animation even by I'M
pllcatOu Whatever may have been the polltlcal suns
of former leaders In Tamuany Hail. they increased
them by suggestiyey Interfering with the mae
pendence OF the Court IN which nave the honor 10 DC
Judge. cannot believe that your proposition meets
with the approval OF present. leaders IKE MecsIs Kelly
Chanler aud others II there exists an once when
more tiian any other should De utterly divorced
political considerations It Is that Of clerk or
deputy clerk of IA Criminal Court.
Even disposed throw its books and records
politician could not do IT, because theiGeputy clerk
is appointed by the Judges OF the Court OF General
aud from the city prison, and VINO guard them IN
court whO TO some extent control process, ous1t
be politicians, bat such reliable men as the
Judges select or course III making Tue selection they
are less guided by recommendations when APP
plicants bring The Legl lature has therefore wisely
placed the selection OF officers or the Court OF Gehera
Sessions the exclusive discretion or the Judges OF
that Court. Every day OF experience contributes 10
court officers usefulness The Court has under 1t many
officers years experience. They trustworthy
uubriba bic aud discreet IL theuotions OreshadOw
should acqulerctd IN by the criminal Judges, mas
much ms the compOsitlon OF political committees often
change 80 might the composition OF court officers, ana
thereby confusion az least be occasloned. cannot
vIte political amnesty by TINS determination yes
while privately my syDpathes are most ardent IN thelf
Democratic tendencies should oe reereant 10 my Ju
dicial Independence aud sense or duL! II answered.
otherwise thau nave now done
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-01-02
PROF. AGAssIz AND sPIRITUALIsM.

His lifelong training IN the study OF nature
had gwen hun such "a penetrating judgment In respect
To the oOserv OF phenomena and experiments that
II often caused him To make up his mnd at single
glance In such where for others II required a
minute research and which even have made inferior
minds the lifelong dupes Of cunning deception AS an
illustration OF this. mention the fact that once
he was invited 10y some friends TO make scientific i'll
yestgaon OF pretended spiritual manifestations AS
soOn as the manifestations commenced he turned round
and left the room quite enragcd; while Later he eh
pressed bis indignation 10 the friends who had invited
him the so-csiled spiritual staaee considering 10
suit 10 any man with common suspected Of
much stupidity as 10 be liable u DO made the victim
Of such clumsy Impostions.
fThe above Is from an article by DR.. r. H. Van der
weyde which he gives his personal recoiIections OF
Prof Agassz Ii will Dc that he remembers an In
stance Of the expression OF Prof Agasszs indignation
with friends who invited him to ao exhibition Of spirit
u4l phenomeDa."