The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-09

de Greve in Paris In 1875 for c0nspiring against
Louis XII. THIS marshal did not 60 to the scaffold
with brave face. He screamed and struggled,
and the executioner struck him four times with
the axe before severing his head from his body
St. PoI's execution was intended by Louis XII to
act as a warning 10 the entire French nobility Vho
had been growing very turbulent. It was the<lrst
blow struck at the feudal independence a. In
volatility Of the mobiles, and 1t succeeded We Ia
its object IA
CHARLES DE doSrAuTs ,I DUKE AND MARSHAL Ds
was the next French marshal who suffered death
at the headsman's hands. He was the intimate
friend OF Henri w., who had thrice saved his life
IN battle; but, being Of restless temper and I'M
scrupul0usly ambitious. he was constantly dab
bling in cOnspiracies against his king and bene-
factor. Twice Henri ". detected and pardoned
MIN; but Biron's third conspiracy was ex-
ceptionaily grave. He lent himself to o
plan Matched BY Spain and the Duke
of Savoy for morselling France into several small
States. and his reward for this disloyal co-opera-
ton was to be the sovereignty Of Burgundy and
the hand OF the Duke OF Savoys daughter. When
this conspiracy was brought to light Henri Nv.
sent for Bron and promised he should not be pun
ished II he made o 1ull confession. But he obsti-
natey refused to speak, and so the King aban-
doned him to his fate. lie was tried by the Parlia-
ment OF Paris. sentenced to death, and beheaded
inside the Bastle in 1902 at the age or 40. If ever
marshal justly suffered death II was assurediy
this Bron; nevertheless Henri w., IN the excel
lence OF his heart, repented to his dying day not
having once more pardOned the man who had so
ungratefully requited his numerous benefits He
used to say, poor Biron, conspiring was second
nature with him." The next two marshals were
victims OF Cardinal Richelieu.
HENRY H., DUKE AND MARSHAL DE MoNrMORENCY,
and premier peer of France, was the commander
OF the Huguenot faction. Made prisoner at the
battle OF Castelnaudary where tile Protestants SUI
fered crushing de eat at the hands OF Louis XII g
Catholic troops, he was tried for nigh treason con-
vcted and executed in the court yard of the Capt.
tOl at Toulouse, in 1882. He was 37years old.
MARSHAL DE MARTIAL
was another Huguen0t. He conspired against
Richelieu and was kidnapped by stealth at night
from the midst Oh MS camp, and peheaded in Paris
in 1882 We come now to two victims OF the Rev.
0utioh.
MARSHAL BARON DE LUCKNER
was OF German origin He served under Frederick
H., in the Seven Years. war; and inflicted great
losses on the French. But at the peace he settled
IN France, got naturaIzed and raised to the
marshalate. At the Revolution he was given a
command In the French armies; took Constral ana
Menin and defeated the AustrIans at Valenciennes,
but the Revolutionary tribunal decided that a
marshal, baron aud an ex-German could be no true
republican, and SO guiilOtined MIN In 1874.
PHILIPPE DE NOAILLEs,
Duke and Marshal de Mouchy, was born In Ills,
and was one of the most distinguished soldiers OF
the last century. In 1889 ne was appointed Gov
ernor Of Versailles, and when the mob came from
Paris, on the 9th October, to carry OF the royal
family, he fought in defence of his sovereign until
wounded and overpowered. The terrorists re-
membered this In 1894 and gulllotined him like his
colleague, Luckner.
MARSHAL NEY,
who was shot in 1885, was the seventh Marshal Of
France who suffered public execution. As is well
known, his crime consisted in having de-
serted to Napoleon's side when he was
sent by Louis XVIII. to check the Empe-
ror, who had fed from Elba. He fought al
Waterloo and was promised amnesty by the terms
OF the capltuaton Of Paris, but party spirit among
the royalists was too hot against MIN. He wa.
tried by the House Of Peers and sentenced e
death with but one dssenuient vote This vote
that OF the late Duke de Broglie father OF the
present French Premier.