, 1874-06-28
HISTORY OF MAPS.

Away back in the 42d Olymp1ad when Kings
ran foot-races with 'nevsboys;;" 600
years before the Christian era,-the1e dwslt 1t
Miletus,
THALEs,
one Of ths Seven Wise Men Of Greece. It is
enough to say OF him that he WAS q Grecian
Philosopher. Whether hs ever had sheep
skin diploma or not, don't matter. History
gives him the credit Of introducing to the world
the familiar theory OF the signs OF the Zodiac.
and of being the first ono to calculate
eclipses This information Was given to the
world shortly after his return from Egypt, that
famous old seat OF Iearning in those DAYS. Like
other wise men Of his age hs gloried IN impart-
ing instruction to bis peers, and particularly to
the youth Of his country.
ASAx1MASDER
was ono Of his fortunate pupils, and not only
made himself master OF the science OF his tutor,
but carried his researches even beyond that dis
tinguished old sage. Without the assistance OF
any corner-1ot endowment, or other auxiliary
that We know Of he set up school. aud prob
ably taught Philosophy. To him is ascrlbod
tue honor Of discovering the obliquity Of the
Zodiao He was famous traveller, cleaning
from every part Of the then known world mate
ria!s for the development OF science; and, the
from his studies and travels, be publish q
map OF the world as it WAS then known. To
him, therefore, belongs the honor OF being the
FIRST INVENTOR OF MAPS.
Two hundred years later, Socrates, by way OF
renroof to Alcibiades for his pride. told him to
look on the map for his estates; which is good
Testimony that thu Greciaus made use OF them
Later along down the highways OF human in
yentiou and progress, We find the PhRnlc'ans
making use Of mars al guide to their CONNER
>rrf,Ir fh1E
lized The trade Of 1udia,-that inexhaust'ble
source Of supply. Boeostris, King Of Egypt, also
caused his dominions to he mapped and Pto!e-
nv Claudius, of Alexandria, issued map OF tue
wurld, and twsntv-sl1 other maps, On which 70
illustrate the sciences OF which he was master
Asathodmmon Was bis dEaughtsnan. Says var,
ro the Romans issued maps OF their conquered
countries and, in the dava OF Cnsnr. Ieutepger
drew = map OF the world so called. 1t "as Il
feet long. and only foot wide. its object ap-
pears to have been to map tbs military routes
to Roman colonies to which purpose, Europo.
Northern Africa. aud Western Asia we're
DISTORTED oUr OF PROPORTION,
worse than some OF the circular railroad-maps OF
our present dav distort the States through which
they pass, to make their own routs appear tho
most Direct
The Arabian scholars made uso Of tho napa Of
Ptolemy. and perhaps issued others. But
hiatus in mar-'ieratnre Of several centuries sue
ceeds tue decline and fall OF the colossal power
OF Rome, in which little but tbs gerrn-cells OF
Art and Science were preserved from destruc-
tioo. These began to show themselves IN Venice,
Germany, England, France, and spain, in the
fifteenth century; and maps, with other litera--
tnre made their roapraara. 70 from these favored
places. Ofthe early specimens OF English uapf,
the writer
HAS MANY II HIS POSSESSION.
acme of which are venerable with the dust OF
two centuries. One Of these is an atlas OF the
world. The engraving is respectable, and the
coloring delicate; in which respect 1t IL more Ar
tstic than some Of the maps Of tbs present dsE IN
which an excess OF color SERVES to conceal lmper-
fections in engraving. Thanks are due to Zeoln@
Eastman. who procured these maps Tor me e, our
ing his eight years Consulship in Bristol. Ineso
early English maps vera engraved on copper
the uss Of photographic stone being then unkno"n;
but the commercial ago hastencd along, ~nen
common people began to discard coaIse blouse,
shirts for immaculate linen. washed and starchea
with eloasiuess. Alois SQnfelder VAS one Of
these devotees to c!eauly habitudes. and EN-
ployad washwoman. He was also systemat'c
in his method of doing business, aud lnvoiced
his list Of soiled linen az he gave it out.
On ONO occasion he happened to do this on the
smooth surface Of polished stone in his pos
session. The facility with which 1t took the
impression suggested to him the idea that fint-
ing could be done on 1t. Ho tried his new plan,
and
BuccEss WAS THE RESULT.
This inYsuuon, Rchisvsd In 17a6, uAs mmsc1-