New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-01-24

of netrolenm the whole being allowed to
| stand for two to three hours Good put.eI
contains from 10 to IA per cent adulterated Du'tI
J as much as 40 per cent of impurities, generaiN
water. After separating the petroleum the uhdls
solved portion may be tested for -four, poatosIaten,
| &c. The fatty solution is tested by eVapoiatht
| the petroleum completely, dssolvlng 10 grams vi
the residue in cubic centlIneters OF pe,role
spirit in well-closed flask and placing The solution
! in water at 500 to coo L. for some hours fa's VI
low melting point being more soluble than ll'oso vi
higher melting point, the butter lat remains III 80
luton while suet. tallow, ana even lau, i0 w
posted, if present 10 the extent OF more IMAM iei
| cent.
IMPROVED ELECTRIC ILLUMINAnoN.-The system
Of electrical illumination invented by the Russian
Ladguin is .attracting much attention from tech-
nolocists as furnishing a very important improve
| ment both as TO economy and brilhancy In the
| old method the electric spark was passed between
two ueces of burning charcoal each joined to cop
per wire connected with the electric machine, sep
arate machines being necessary for each, and tue
| light obtained although powerful being very DIM
cult of regulation and continually interrupted ID
consequence of the rapid consumption OF the char'
coal points from exposure to the ar
| In the new method only one piece of charcoal OF
| other bad conductor is required, which, beng AZ
tached to "A wire connected with an electromagnetic
machine is placed IN a glass tube, from when inc
air is exhausted and replaced by gas which, al
higher temperature will not combine with the char
coal This tube is then Theoretically sealed: ana te
| machine being set in motion by means OF sihali
steam-engine, the charcoal becomes gradually anu
| equally heated, and emits a soft, steady, ana con-
tinuous light, which. by most simple Gon,ll
vance can be strengthened or weakened at the ole
| ton of those employing IT, It's duration pehg oe
| pendent solely the electric current whlch, OF
course will last as long as the machine Is kept III
By this invention of Lsdiguin. it is claimed that
! one machine worked by small three-hOrse power
| engine rs capable of lighting many hundTedsol
lanterns, thus exhibiting an enormous advan,aHRo
and profit from its use. 1t promises 10 De eePeclaS
valuable from the absence Ofany damage ARISING from
explosion the emission into the atmosphere ol tle
prOducts of combustion, the accidental escape Oh
gas. 1t is asserted that an equal amount OF hght
for the purpose of house street illumination eau
be obtained at One-fifth the cost oil gas.
THE HooIBREUK SYSTEM OF FRUIT CULIURE.-A
wear or two ago Les MOndes published an account OF
what was called the Hooibreuk process OF fruit cul-
ture so named from its discoveTer an ignorant peas
| ant on the Danube. This consists essentially, III
training the branches of frt-trees, vines &c so as
| to give them an inclination below the horizontal
line: in which case there is great increase IN tine
fertility of the branch which, III fact throws out
leaves and fruit buds in an extraordinary manner
An essential condition of the process consists III hav-
ing the line of the branch nearly straight; as, II
curved only the buds at the top of the arc are de-
| ditiOn
Duchesne .Thoureau bywhom the information was
first communicated to Les MOndes, was of the opinion
that the increased vigor of the branch thus treated
was caused by its being made TO assume the condi-
tion of a syphon. the longer end downward thus
producing much greater flow OF sap. In one III
| stance he took four vine plants and trimmed them
so as to have stem 10 each, arranging these YER
ticaly oblIquey upward, horizontally and 0bilqueN
downward. He then cut OF, the limbs allke, ana
found that from the limb inclined DOWNWARD more
than three times as much ult was produced as IRON
| the Others. \,
| In more recent communication 70 Les MOndes
DnchesDe-Thoureau maintains the continued success
of the process and states that has been introduced
with great profit into many parts OF France, and that
all that is necessary to accomplish the result IS to
give to the branches the gentle decnaton already
referred to- the only inconvenience likely to result
| from the extended application OF the method being
| reduce the profits of the cultivatorsl
| Duchesne ThouTeau advises that at least half OF
| the fruit buds developed in the branches IN tins
way should be destroyed, so that the remainder may
| acquire full development.
| SUPPLY OF COMMON SALT TO THE SYsTEM-Ihe
inquiry was recently entered upon, by Prof Bnnge,
as to whether the common salt taken III Organic
food supplies the necessary quantity OF sodium and
| chlorine for the human body, or whether 1t is i'm
portant to supplement it from the inorganic world;
this inquiry being made in connection with the fact
that while herbivOrous animals are extremely fond
of the addition of salt to their food, carnvOrOns AMI
mails show remarkable aversion to 1T, generally
| refusing ITO take salt meat of any kind. AT the
same time the quantity of common salt taken by
the herbvora in organic food il not less, proper
tioDally than that taken by the carmvora, while
tbe ouantitv of potash taken by the former is at
least double that taken by the latter The result OF
his nouires tends TO show that the quantities of
sodium and chlorine i'll the food of the herbivora is
| as great as in that of the carnvora, while
T the amount of potash is twice or even
four times, as much Inns excess OF pol
| the herbivora require an additional quantity
of common salt for proper nutrition; namely. that
| a decomposition takes place between the potassium
salts of The food and the sodium chloride i'll the
! blood whereby potassium chloride rs formed, to-
Cether with new sodium salts. both of which. beng
in abnormal excess are eXcreed, and that the deti
cheney of sodium chloride thus caused has to be re-
paired by taking that salt directly as food In order
to corroborate this hypothesis DT. Bunge examined
the action ofphosphate, carbonate ana sulphate on
| potassium on equivalent quantities Of sodium chic
ride in solution and found that III each ease very
| considerable, though not complete decomposition
In series of investigations on the action of pO-
tassiun salts on the chloride of sodium IN the human
body it was shown that their INTRODUCTION INTO the
| system causes an increased eAcreuon OF soda ana
chlorine aud this action accounts Tor the necessity
felt by the herbivora for taking the chloride of
sodium when they feed on herbs nch IN potash
The theory is suggested that these animals, If I'M
able TO Obtain common salt instnctivey supply the
| deficiency by seeking herbs rich in that substance
but as rule, that il is necessary TO supply common
salt to cattle and that II Is also necessary 10 the
diet of man, especially to such as feed largely on
| vegetables.
DIFFUSION OF POLLEN IN THE ATM0SPHERE-A
very suggestive series OF experiments has been made
by Mr.. Blacky in connection with his researches
upon the hay fever" with view of determining
the extent TO which pollen of various plants is diff
fused throughout the atmosphere. His first series