New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-07-27
APPLIED SCIENCE.

mad;atelv detached in case Of fright, &cr and the
wheels be locked at the same time, was uiGo Viii
very favorable results on post-wagohs at ctu'tH.'
CoNpoe,r1oS OF Notwithstanding to Messrs
Marley and Donath the compound of ossein with
rhosphate of lime, which exists in bones, is me
rhanlcal mixture and not a chemical compound
The grounds of this conclusion are found IN the
facts that ossein when kept IN contact with phoS-
phate of lime does not enter into combination WIN
IL and that other cOloid bodies besides osSeln anu
gelatln such rs albumen, when earthly phosphates
are precipitated from the same SOLUTIONS are Fi0
eipitated together with the phoSphateJ
THE FORMATION or THE EARTH'S CIUsT-ln an
inaugural of Dr. Lang there is theory OF the iorlh
ton of the earhs crust that will be OF interest h
these days when Mallet's theories are so AMY ue-
Tended and controverted. According to Lang, as
the fluid mass cooled and crystazed or sollu'iieu'
there occurred Immediately sensible expansion
The sneci6c gravity became q minimum and the
Stone was therefore lighter than the original Iqhd
The compreSsOns experienced IN the cOollhs CIusV
of the earth are IN general the cause OF ine ~
ena of splitting and crushing observed aln9us ~
strata In fact the expansion of the original lquld
ms il solicited predisposes IN the mass cohdltlon
favorable TO the phenomena OF Segregation Us sno"h
ia basat and III various concfotlOhS'
THE CALoRIF1c EFFECTS OF OPPOSING MAG
NErIsMS.-Cazin states that he has observed the
calorfc effects which accompany the disappearance
of magnetism in the core Of rectnear magnet
which has several consequent points andhas arrived
at the following law, namely When rectilinear
core of iron is magnetized by series of Identical
coils through which the current passesi IN alternately
opposite directions if the coils determined equal
concentrations, then the quantities of heat pro
luced in the core by the disappearance OF magnetism
are inversely proportional To the squares OF tne
Dumbers of concentrations. The experimental re-
suits arrived at by means of his delicate apparatus
conform to the law OF magnetic energy, Wllch no
81 rlxrf r~n
naratus is sufficiently delicate TO Justify MN III
hoping that he will be able to determine the mag
netic equivalent Of heat.
EXTINCTION OF PETROLEUM FLAMEs.-A writer III
Les Mondes quotes from Ommeganck OF Antwerp
very curious and perhaps valuable method OF OK
tinCushing the flames of burning petroleun-hames
npon which water seems to be without elect
Chlorofom this writer asserts, is absolutely non-n-
fammable; and mixed with petroleum in the pro-
norton of onesixth will render the latter also IN
combustible More than this, if liter OF petroleum
be poured INTO shallow dish so as TO expose sur
face of a hundred square centimeters and then lg-
nited. fifty cubic eentimeters of chlOroform cast
upon the flames will extnguish them and render the
remainder incapable of recognition In ths case the
quantity of petroleum would be nearly hIteeh uules
that of the chlOroform. If similar results can be
obtained on large scale, 1t wOud be obviously de-
sirabe for vessels laden with petroleum TO carry als
a SIMPLY of chlOrofOrm. TO be sure the expense or
The latter substance might at first sight seem to he
an obstacle but it would certainly he much bettor
10 expend reasonable sum in this way than to lose
vastly more valuable property III the names
MoRPHoIoGY IL ARCHITECTURE.-At one OF the
recent sittngs of the Academy of Fine Arts IN PARIS
NJ Hugo. member of the Mathematical Society
founded at Paris since the presented to the Sec
tion of Architecture a morpholOgical theory which
he considers as fundamental This theory under
fakes according to him, to show mathematcally the
betv he yOl Hn1lrcS
so frequently employed in monumental constrnc-
tons These figures are derived from the pyramid,
and according as the solids in question are more or
less massive than the pyramid they are divided into
domods and tremoids. II we increase the number
of faces, arrive at the solid OF revo luton lust as
we pass from the prism to the cylinder. The new
and very remarkable figure which generates me
sphere has received the name OF u-dOmOld. Inc
dome of Florence is an equ-domoid. NJ. Hugo
thinks that the theory Of the sphere has no lnde-
pendent existence and that 1t is he simple geometc
cOrollaTy of the equl-domold. The passage from he
pyramids of EuClds geometry ana OF tue Egyptian
architecture to the spheres of modern geometry and
the dOmes of modern architecture NJ hugo calls
the mOIphOlOgy OF architecture
TuF TEMPERATURES OF THE SUN.-The latest in
vesgation Oh the temperature of the sun by Father
Secchi has been recently published, and he concludes
that the lowest limit of this temperature must be
about $4,000 ccntigrade. This determination he
and that of the electric light. He has employed the
same apparatus namely the therIno-heliometer de-
seribed in his wellknown work on the sun. The
temperature produced by solar radiation was OBJ
served at Rome about noon on several days III July
and was determined to be SG time. that of the carbon
points of his electric light Both Secch and Hirn
agree that the temperature Of solar radiation may
depend either solely the superficial stratum of the
sun or on considerable thickness of its substance,
according as this latter Is opaque or transparent
Him concludes that If the trausparence were nearly
peTfect the solar temperature might well be only
few thousand degrees; but VaIlous phenomena,
among them the observations o. PI0f Langley or
Pittsburgh OH the crossing OF the currents OF the
philosophers show that the solar surface Is essen
iiay Opaque, and certainly at the best is not COM
pletcly transparent. The very high temperature OF
i3OO to 10000 above given, Is. therefore, not in
admissible, but must be looked upon as at least
giving lower limit to the true value Of the tenn
perature of the sun.
JoUIr's NEW BAROMETER.-Dr. Joue Of Man
chester describes in the proceedings OF the Literary
Physical Society of that city the method of con-
strnction of new barometer. The tube of this in
strument has bore of about three-sixteenths of an
inch is bent into syphon shape, and nearthe longer
end is drawn to a capillary tube. After having been
thoroughly cleaned with nitric and sulphurlc acids
the short end of the tube is filed with mercury, the
end of the longer limb being attached to the ner-
eurial exhauster, instrument apparently on the
principle of the Sprengel air-pump. On working
the exhauster the mercury rises in the long tube OF
the barometer and being replenlshed by pouring
more into the short limb the longer column soon
rises to the hight duo TO the atmospheric pressure
The acid left adberiDg to the inside OF the tube
cumuates on top of the longer column of iner-
curry 10 the depth of Onethd or one-haf OF an inch
All bubbles OF air or other gases disappear IN the
sI.... dive Ibag li ri of