, 1874-02-11
travel nt nspood not being less thau twonty-flvo
niica Mi hour: Including stoppagcs."
AInLiyb nnWnreia hlnti,nr lcnfiInn tom Of a1-


n,iloa Mi hol'r, including Ntoppagcs."
Motive poweriu hnotlior lontllng itom Of e1-
nof,ae. This is largoly dependent upon Ito
character. .of>tlee route, II 'fncl Ia ehupdant,
luecd. hut it, al III Lilo cnso Of tl,ls Company,
torc aro No coal mineB and fow available
forcHts within rcacll OF Its limos, tho coHt,
per milo run, fs largely increaHod, and Should
be- be-, n ~ dasg s tue fetHs II wl Al the
sin comes from :llllunia., 1t costs 80 30. to
1876 per tou, delivered In That State, to
which must bo added tho expense M ,oi he1ng
t9 The yn,eus sat auppl aSra,s Wen It Isl
s1.60 per ton for COAL aud TINT tho item for fuel
constitutes 20 per cont of the operating OK
ponnes, this lloayy difloronco aEaiHt WISCONSIN
foatla ought to 10 talten into adcouut. Dnt tho.
bill r,ldef constellation docH not recognize tho
sllghtoBt difference III tho rolatiro cost Of opor-.
atlng various parts Of tho eaniarailfoad. Upon
some divisions Of tho NorthweBtorn load wood
costa tho Company: S2:50 per cord, mud upon,
ohes 60 per- eGrd wS o III In far o
mud s2.6 to 53.75 por cord for wood.
l. Tie CoBr DECREASES AZ uIs1NEBA 1NunEA8Kg.
| 'aomo ruads, lik6 our Madison Extension, havo
heavy grades, up which engines Of tho 1nrgcBt
cars at ti,nc, whio tho sumo engines. gu tho
other lines, could e4sily draw fifty or uixty car
loads. Tho conditions ia this case are the snnlo
aB In tcanug. Every farmer knows tho rola.;
tlfo AAu UleHEu D9tWGCu uHilAat!& uGAfty
w'ngon Upon d smooth, layol turnpike, and upon
rough, hiily road.
Another fundamental principle Of cheap traue-
portatioM is, TINT EXPENSES aro lcAaened aB tho,
volume of freight inc1 oaaos. 70 forward single
letter, by apccalmcsacngor, to California, would
cost hundreds Of dollars but, Deposited III the
Government mails, 9cents payH Tor its trauspor-
tntlon This clieap service III possible, lccatisc
.sinnlthnaously;en likoaorrico, is :parformod for
thousands Of other patrons. Freight Transports
ia xry4t,j IN
nurmur bctause tho Government carriccs ono
mans ottor to San Franciscofor . conts, wllilo
anoshor is charged as much for 1otter carrled
four or five miles ? What matters it how choop ;
taken at a'reasonablo; rato2 And, II tho rule
holtta good in regard To lotors, why should 1t not
apply 10 property transportation. Which is sub,
ject to the satno law
DISTANCE As A CONTROLLING PRINCIPLE.
Tho outcrics against discrimination grow out
Of tho popular error Tint diutanco IL tho only
controlling clement in adjusting tariffs. IhiH
bubble Of discontent:: WIS pricAed Y0arg ago III
Europe; The british Inlliament disposed Of It
III tho Hallway, Clauses Consolidation act, by
declaring it expedient TINT the railway
| companies should DO c1ablcd to vary the tolls
upon tho railways 30 nj to accommodate them
to, the circumstances Of tho traffic. aud pro-
nol1cod it lawful for tho companies from tiuo
to limo to: altor, or vary tho tolls, either upon
the whole or ally particular portions Of their
railways, AZ they. .sall think it," The people
still harboring tho belief that unequal rites wore
unreasonable, Il Royal Commission, in 1867, in
vCBtignted tho .nubjcct in ull isR bearings, mud
reported that Inequality OF Charge lit respect
OF. dissanco, besides bong necessary coiBc-
quonce Of competition, IL all essential elemont
III tho carrying trndc; that Il TO say, tho prin-
tic rato is tint of creating traflie BY charging
such sum for conveyance as will induce" tho
produce OF ono district to compete with a1lother
| in q; common MARKET" And thoy dis
missed ,n ths HogFHs0nS ga coooha o5
|. which such ratos nro granted are 80 NUMEROUS
that 40 special lao could be Framed to yegulako
Mlem." lAeir comprehensive Wow Of the QlioB-
-tion was sustained by the Court OF Common
Pleas, which distinctly recognized tho right Of n
| Of Kansome .. Eastern Counties Rail,uays, tho
| Court hold that q company may chargo different
rates for. transportation where tic expenses
! tholeof are different; and, tho Commission re-
Of starting train is tho Bame Tor larse smnl
distance, ,tlia nay be fair1y takon Into account,
and Justify an ino1ualityin tho rates of carriage
I between different pneeB."
| 10 load freight car consumes III average OF
| tWenty-four hours, and to unload it and get it
into uae ugain corresponding period. Freight
trims usually run about ten miles nn hoEr in-
Guiding atops, mud car carries -nbout ten tons
of freight suppose tho ratio to bc 2 centH per
toy, por mile, If thocar is to DO moved only ton
|
hours, and tho compensation for service 81, or
| 9G cents pcr day. but, were the car sent OH n
continuous run Of 1,0u0 los at tho sa1ne ratc
would Occupy ss e Las hours and you'd yield the
5tation could mike Mp . train Of
pat sss N0 conditions % are 1s posaiule 'feni oniy
at tormnal points. For instunco ,Watcrtown is
much nearer Milwaukee than is prairledu Chien,
better rateE Yot its business costs a, mere tri-
1lo less. Tho train Of. empty cars leaves Mil
| Wnslkoo, the required number arc dropped of ut
Watcrtown aud other way stations, and, at
Prairie l1 Chen. the return trip is commenced,
picked IN. Meantime, these cars havc heon
nlotioness, during which Limo they have earned
nothing; md, as cara onrn money only when in
motion, reasonable lato, to 1usure a profitable
retnru, must be sufficiently large to balance the
unemployed time.
| THE CURRENT or business MAINLY IN ONE d.
| 1ECTtoS.
Tie fixing Of rates must necessarily be o mat
ter Of Judgment with tic infringement Of tho
road, and ID largely modified by the amount Of
actual car capacity used. The West being the
producing eeoton, tho current Of the eastward
bound traffic largely exceeds TINT running In the
opposite direction, aud it sets most heavily east
ward when tho return fowls tho slightest. Dur
ing the month Of December lust, the number OF
| loaded cara transported south-pastw1rd, over
this Company'y Madison Division, was 5,672, mud
empties,, none; while, IN tho opposite direction,
tics, l,8l4. This disproportion IL mol confined
to any particular period. The relative tonnage
carried over the Mississippi River bridge, ut
Clinton, during the year 1873, was eastward,
1885, 1903 tons, aud westward, -o4, 505.
'tho earning traffic is titus mainly in ono dircc-
ton; yet, in order to earn ut all tho cars must
bo returned to be rolonded. It these cars arc
returned empty, it is loss that tho freight car
.ricd must make up. Any income, therefore,
advantageous, even though they take freight ut
II ratio much below than is .clargod III tho opno-
Hite direction. The best rate obtainabla, under
the circumstanccs is fair aud reasonable. The
iuStico of this proposition iB 30 eyident TINT III