davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-03-26
SCELL ANEOJS
TIE FARMER PAYS FOR
AL.


since the organization OF the sc.
sret ordei ct the Patrons OF Has
bandry, and its Introduction among
90. agricultural communities, there
have not been venting dcmagogues
who, Tor the purpose Of ingratiating
themselves among the husbandmen
have unduly exalted their calling on
the one hand and have spoken in
detraction OF all cher classes OF SO
cicty. The case OF the farmer against
government and society is, moreover,
embodied III the popular catchwood,
which has been tloughticssly repeat
ed by a THOUSAND tongues, The
farmer pays FOL al y
1t is gravely asserted that, not on
" all the expenditures of the Gov
eminent, but the entire expenses Of
fF as&t, a Ara atEas ~ from the
like so many parasites, ta;ten upon
his toll. Whatever merits this sys.
TEN ct demagosnery may have, it is
net that of novelty, because the ia
bic OF the roy olhng members against
the abdomen has come down to MS
from the very ,hwn OF written his.
tory.
1t is a fact, as notorious inaispu
table, that thop countries and com
munilics where the vast majority OF
the people are Foleiy devoted to agri-
culture are pJoi and feeble. 1t is
Greece and nd Asia Minor that has
illuminated The pathway OF centurl
es. Nor is Unknown to us Tor its ag-
riculturc, hutior its craftsmanship,
finc arts, and literature; aud imreri
al Rome, which has sent down the
echo Of It's nme to be reveib erated
by centurics yet TO come, achieved
It's fame, no. by agriculture, but by
its progress III war
Modern Railons like Spain, Porlu-
gal, Brazi, Mexico, and the South
American republics, whose people
are chiefly engaged il lllling the
soil, do MT present desirable state
of societl The reasons for this are
obvious. When the husbandman is
compelled not merely to till the soil.
but also 10 construct his own plow
aud the tart IN which he CONVEYS his
produce to market, ami the very
garments which clothe his DO liz, his
productive powes is reduced to the
minimum by the variety Of these
tasks, sc that he will be unable, by
the greatest bodily cxertions, to raise
himself .bove AFFECT poverty.
" ~ liz 0iA isioii VI lHuuSiTIal puI-
suits ane the organization OF differ.
ent classes TO &C: comparatively with
each ollnr which has enabled mod
ern CIVILIZATION to place SO many
within the reach OF the
poorest n the land. our very poor.
house to-day containing more solid
comforts and even articles OF lux
ury, thai the abodes OF the Saxon
4 the tenth century. I'm.
founded and mdi.crilninate ACCUSE,
tions OF likeness and unproduclive-
ness have been more particularly
BY political shysters against
those classes of society tina. do no,
perform nanual labor, yet L'ebig,
the author Of the science OF agri-
cultural chemistry, has enabled the
agricullurists Of the civilized world
to obtain with the same expenditure
of force million times more OF
products in single season than 10
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-03-26
caih Rates Of Advertising.

LsgAl advertising, At legal rates.
for the use Of large cuts aud wood type
!, additional charge. varying from 10 to 70
ar cent, will be made.
Prom pl settlements will be expected with
al time.advert:sers, at the close of each
calender quarter. Transient advertise.
u.nts must be paid for in advance.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-03-26

- - :. sne moment o. tie fsii;nr i
80 sas scena within ths psrlo4s s 81. :.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-03-26

U1ucxei5u6 81. So IA H. :: ::
net TO the door. ANA =. ~. lues mag
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16

"ROme," says a correspondent, sis
the dearest place in the world for a
foreigner to die in. Fcom the mo-
ment the breath is out of the body
until the final disposition of the re-
mains, a system Of extortion prevails.
The landlord Will most likely lay i'm
a claim for heavy damages. He will
insist upon being paid the cost of a
new set of furniture, carpets, wall
paper, bed and bed-clothes, etc., and
Tor the rent Of the apartments for
several weeks, during which they
arc undergoing fumigatiOn, disinfec-
ton, and refurnishing. The munich
pal law gives them such indemnitics
in case of death occurring from in
fectious diseases, such as smallpox,
scarlatina, and typhus fever; but
they call pretty much all kinds of
sickness which produces death sin
fectiOus,' and insist on their exorbi-
tant demands being paid-enfOrcing
them by vexatious litigation, seizures
of the effects of the deceased, and
abuse of the relatives. After the
landlords are settled with the rapa-
ciOus bills of the undertakes are
next i'm order. The embalmer re-
quires about / 200 or 800 francs for
his fee. The corporation of the city
presents bill the clergyman who
drones over some printed prayers ex-
poets gratuity Of several guineas
and sundry and divers other people
expect fees for doing what it Is diff
cult to comprehend. The best advice
that can be given to the traveller is
not to die i'm Rome il he or she can
avoid it, but to select some other
town, and the one nearest your
American home il to he the most
preferred"
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
Avoiding a MIddleman.

A lodge Of our grange friends in
Clayton county had need of barrel
of good whisky for domestic and
medicinal purposes, and were right
fully determined to avoid the mon
Opoly prices of middlemen in pur-
chasing. Soa committee was delegated
to come to Dubuque and purchase It
Of one of our wholesale houses, which
they did on reasonable terms, and
took IL home on the cars. On the day
of its arrival the members of the
grange repaired with their stone
jugs to the house of the head Granger,
where the barrel was stored, and the
liquor was distributed among them,
each paying for his share at the
wholesale rate ut which it was pur-
chased. This was well enough as far as
ii went but the next day a Collector
of Internal Revenue, who had been
scenting the flavor of the good spirits
from affair, pounced upon the head
Granger for retailing whisky without
a license, and threatened to place
him under arrest unless he complied
with the requirements of the Inter-
nal Revenue law In this regard, and he
was compelled to pay $25 or $50 to get
rid of the gentleman and his un-
pleasant exposition of what Uncle
sam provides.-Dub,tque Herald.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
Easter Sunday In Russia.

On the. eve of Easter Sunday all
good Russians proceed to the churches
ut sunset, and spend the entire night
in devotional exercises, till about four
o'clock in the morning. AT a signal
being given, every one lights his little
taper-the only light in the church
with the exception of chandelier
suspended from the ceiling. In front
of the altar, which occupies one side
of the church, q stage Is erected, to
which the faithful ascend by short
flight of stairs. On the stage appears
Il coffin, and within that coffin
painting, the whole representing our
Savior i'm the grave; the congregation
ascend one side, kiss the coffin, and
descend by the opposite fight. This
lasts from sunset till the prayers, or
rather chanting of the litanies has
commenced. No women are i'm the
choir, nor Is either an organ or any
other musical instrument introduced.
The church Is crowded TO suffOcatiOn,
and rs there are no seats, the cOngre-
CATION must either stand or lie down
on the stones. Men and women,
young and old, soldier and noble,
peasant and slave are all huddled to-
gether. When the clock strikes the
hour Of midnight, amidst illumin-
alton, the firing of guns, and the
most beautiful vocal music that can
delight the ear, the patriarch ex-
claims, with loud voice, "Christ
has risen!" "IIe has risen, indeed"
is the respose OF several thousand
tongues, uttered i'm the ecstacies of
hope, faith, thankfulness, and deep,
holy devotion. BE your religion
whatever it may, you cannot witness
this scene without deep emotion.
Now every man or woman, noble
and slave, embraces his neighbOr, and
kisses him on both cheeks, and on the
lips. Every man during Easter Sun
day and Monday has the right to APP
proach any other man or woman any
where, and exclaiming, "Christ has
risenv impress his three kisses on
the cheeks and lips, receiving the
same compliment. Men always re-
main uncovered during this cerc-
mony. Young men display great
devotion during this week, whenever
they meet pretty girls. But if you
have the privilege to kiss the pale
cneekS anu ruby Ups Oh the young
ladies, you are expected to kiss like
wise the bearded face of the Russian
boor, his lips redolent with hempseed
oil, onions and tobacco! There is no
the ordeal, unless you shut
yourself up in your room; and even
there you are not safe from the at
lacks of your half-drunken valet or
your snuff-taking cook! To refuse Is
to proclaim yourself an unbeliever,
an atheist. and what not.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
Lord Timothy Dexter.

The title which was given him by
the boys at his request, for which he
dispensed to the crowd quite freely
of his pennies and pine tree shillings,
and it has "stuck" about as well as
those bestowed by graver people,
Probably few ever enjoyed a better
title than he. Lord Timothy"
sounded as melliflous in his ears as
did "Deacon Giles" to the owner of
that name, when he halOoed 1t ut the
bung of cider barrel in his cellar.
Lord Timothy was a queer piece of
humanity. Born fool, brimful of
vanity, he inherited no capacity save
that Ofmaking money, and his money
making was by curious methods that
would ruin most men. You have
heard of the warming pans he sent to
the West Indies for syrup ladies'
And at the suggestion of some one,
he invested all he had i'm whalebone,
which 50 raised the price that it more
than doubled his money. Like some
other fools he INDUCED in II literary
vanity, and wrote book, still kept
lie but as he wished to be considered
an original genius he wrote different
from others. The punctuation marks
were all placed at the end, and the
reader invited to mix them to suit
his taste. Lord Timothy wished to
know something about death. Hence,
he had coffin prepared and funeral
service held over him; but he re-
garded mostly the relation Of death
to those left behind, for he would
have a glass by which he could wit
ness the entire ceremony. He beat
his wife because she did not display
the requisite feeling on such an Oc-
casiOn. The lords mansion is still
one of the most eligible and finely
situated in the place. The ample
grounds display the taste and re-
sources of that singular man. In the
yard are several statues Of life size
he makes them all dOff their hat to
Washington, who stands in the CEN
ter.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
Churning ana Butter.

The milk of q COW or other female
mammal is seen under the microscope
to consist of clear fluid containing
q number of minute oil globules. If
q drop of acetic acid purified vinegar)
be added, many of the glObules will
be seen to cOalesce and form little
granular masses Of fat. The globules
are enclosed i'm delicate membrane
which the acid seems to break down.
This result is accelerated by agita-
ton.
The operation of churning consists
in agitating the milk till the globules
adhere together, or, as it is techni-
cally called, till "the butter comes"
1t was formerly thought that the
cohesion of the butter-globules was
brought about by the formation of
an acid in the milk, as shown by the
sourness of the buttermilk, even
when the cream used is perfectly
sweet. But it has been found that if
this acid is neutralized by bi-carbon-
ate of soda, the butter will come quite
as readily. The best temperature for
churning has been found by expert
ence to be between 500 and 550,
Fahrenheit.-Canddd Farmer.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
Cutting Crafts.

1t makes very little difference i'm
mild winters what time gratis are
cut but when there happens to he
severe cold, il deadens or lessons the
vitality of the young shoots, and
those that have been cut beforehand
are therefore the best. 1t is therefore
advi sable to cut early i'm the winter.
Gratis are often packed i'm earth or
sand, an objection to which il the
grit impaired to them, to the injury
of the fine edge which every good
CRATER gives to his knife. Damp saw
dust in boxes in cellars answers well
for packing them in, if in small
quantities, but i'm large boxes Ga
bushel or more) it is apt to ferment
or heat and injure the gratis. Pulver-
lied damp moss is the best of all-is
light, easily handled, retaining its
moisture uniformly, and keeping the
CRAFTS perfectly clean and clear from
grit. When cutting CRAFTS, be careful
to have them well labelled, to prevent
all mistakes.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16

with Archangelus Mercenarius, who
had the reputation OF being aprofound
philosopher. In consequence OF some
attempts to detract from his merits,
CrichtOn again offered to display his
powers i'm the refutation of Aristotle
and his followers, and on other con-
troversial subjects. The disputatiOns
which took place on this occasion are
said to have lasted three days, and
Crichton Is reported to have sustained
his part with such readiness and abil-
ity, as to have eXtOrted acclamations
from the whole assembly. Hitherto
Crichton was chiefly called upon to
exhibit his mental qualifications but
at Mantua, which he next visited, he
had to encounter an enemy more for
midable than any ofthe champions of
Aristotle. A gladiator, who had
overcome the most celebrated fencers
of Europe, was living under the pro-
lection of the Duke of Mantua, and
had already slain three individuals
who had accepted his challenge. AS
soon as CrichtOn heard of this prodi-
gy, he offered to fight him for 1900
pistoles, and though the Duke remon-
strated with him OH the danger to
which he exposed himself, and was
unwilling that society should lose
such an ornament, he at last agreed
to the proposal, and appointed a day
when the champions should fight in
presence of the court. The skill and
cool intrepidity of Crichton were an
Overmatch for the eager impetuOsity
of the Italian, who was at last thrice
run through the body. The prize o.
1900 pistOles, which the victor thus
acquired, was generously divided he
tween the widows of the three indi
viduals whom the gladiator hat
slain.
Astonished ut the qualities both o
mind and body, which he had wit
messed, the Duke of Mantua chOs,
Crichton as preceptor to his son Vim
centiO eli Coinage; and out of graf
itude for this appointment, Cricht0l
is said to have written comedy
satiriZing the various professions II
which men are engaged, and to have
supported fifteen characters i'm thu
representation of his own play.
During the time OF the Carnival
when CrichtOn was walking through
the streets of Mantua in the evening
he was assailed by several persons IL
masks. Having repealed all their at
tacks, he disarmed their leader, VIII
pulled off his mask, and begged hi
life as being the prince, his pupil
Upon this discovery CrichtOn fell up
on his knees, apOlOgized for his mis-
: take, and assured the prince that if n
had any design upon his life, he Nigh
take it when he pleased. He thel
took his own sword by the point, ant
presented it to the prince, who bar
barously ran him through the heart
This event il said to have happene,
i'm July 1892 or 1888.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
BIubberIng Ben.

During the war a Colonel Of one of
the Northwestern regiments picked
I'D, in Missouri, body servant, who
was probably one of the ugliest-look-
ing specimens of Goods image carved
in ebony" who ever stole chicken.
His face utterly defied the skill OF the
physiognomist.
Whether he was entirely uncon-
scious of what was going on about
him, or listening attentively to every
word of conversation, no one could
tell. Sometimes he gave the impress
sion that he was a Woodworking,
faithful, joyless creature, who had
been cruelty treated by fate, but had
made up his mind to take abuse,
kicks, and hard knocks without
fiinching. But the longer he was
known the more OF mystery he be-
came.
His master only knew that some
hCw his mess was better supplied
than ever before, and that luxuries of
various sorts began to make their APP
pearance at his table, under the super
vision of his new servant. Pretty
soon, the neighbOring illnesses" dis
covered that their choicest camp
luxuries would occasionally disappear
and it was observed that the Colo
nel's servant was rarely seen around
their tents but that soon afterwards
some article was missing. Still there
was no definite proof of connection
between the two facts. The COlOnel's
servant was as glum and ugly and
mysterious as ever, and the Colonel
had no reason to complain of so cf-
ficient a caterer.
Finally, two officers, who were es-
pecial friends of the Colonel, began
to suspect his servant, and came over
to see about IL. They had no proof,
but thought they would put the Col
Onel on his guard. Before they had
gone further than to say that they
had missed several articles lately and
that there must be q thief i'm the
camp, the COlOnel's mysterious arkey
set up tremendous hullabalOO, and
his furrOwed face was deluged with a
flood of tears that would have de-
lighted Job Trotter.
AS soon as he could get through his
first Outburst of c0nvulsive sObbing
and plaintive hOwls, he went out to
complain about the cruelty of his
situation-he, the most industrious
and honest OF servants, had been ac-
cused of stealing, and his character
had been taken away. He "tooll on"
ut such an extraordinary rate that
one of the officers, who had watched
the performance with suspicion, at
once stepped out to the tent where
the bowler did his culinary work,
and in five minutes discovered a
bottle of brandy, two boxes of sar-
dimes, some picked oysters, and q
few other luXuries-all of which he
recognized as his own.
That settled the fate of the too en-
terprising cook, who was sent out of
camp with the epithet of "Blubber-
ing Ben" which stuck to him so
tightly that he never could get any
higher rank among the camp follow
ers than that of mule-driver.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
Poultry In Gardens.


If one could only make use of the
good qualities of poultry I'm gardens
without suffering from their bad ones,
what capital thing it would be-
The amount of insects they destroy
is astonishing to those who have
not been initiated into the mystery of
the thing; but everybody knows that
they claim all the crops in pay there
fore, if they get chance; and thus
we have all our labor for our pains.
We like to have our peas come
up early, but they come up little
too soon when there is flock OF chick
ems about; and they are not satisfied
with the early green blade from the
Strawberries also.
There are many times when chick
ems can not only be introduced into
the garden without serious injury,
but with great good. 1t is best to
have good chicken-yard attached to
the garden, where the poultry can be
confined when there is damage to be
done, and let out when they can
work to advantage. Besides this sim
pie arrangements can often be en-
plOyed whereby the seed beds, and
often the growing crops, can be pre-
served from danger, and mt the same
time the chickens be allowed to roam
about, doing good as they go. Brush
wood can be laid over seed beds and
young crops just planted, for while,
and it will be found to he q good pro-
lection. Chickens do not care to
rumple their feathers against these
crooked sticks. Then, again, many
have coarse fish-nets, or other manu-
featured articles, which, suspended
over the seed beds, I1nke a cheap anu
efficient protection.
OF course all these suggestions are
intended only for small gardens.--
They cannot be employed on large
scale. But il is only i'm small gar
dens that the evils Of chickens run
ming around loose are so seriously
felt. In the far west ducks are looked
on as excellent things for potato fields
and vineyards; and even in gardens
they are looked up to rs the preserV'
ers and defenders against insect
enemies. Whether what good they
do in this way pays for the keeping W.
do not know; for as Il general thing
ducks are hardly a paying invest
ment. They shovel down the fOOt
alarmingly in most cases while tht
"luck" in raising young ducks, or ir
getting an abundance OF eggs, is no
equal to that from the ordinary fowl
Where there is water or marshy
ground, or other conveniences where
ducky can get i'm measure his owl
living, it il of course different. W.
are speaking chiefly of ducks as N
everyday affair, and solely from al
insect-pOint of view.-FOrney's Press
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
How 10 Water Horses.

One writer says, never water i'm
mediately before or after feeding. /
say that il q horse Is thirsty, always
give him drink, and he will thank
you for 1t. have often seen horses
put in the stable ut noon for an hour
or two, and not eat a pound of hay or
grain, but looking wistfuly for water,
and then their careful owner, who
would not let them have water when
warm, will come to give them
enough to kill, and ride or drive the
remainder Of the day on two buckets
of water and no feed. Ten chances
to one, his horse gives out with him,
or gets sick before night. Now, 1
say, give the horse water II he is
ever so warm give him q swallow,
rinse out his mouth and nostriIs,
give him q bite of hay, in a short
time q little more water, but not too
much. If he Is watered several
times, little Mt a time, until he Is
satisfied, he will not drink more than
half what he would If you let him
gulp It down all ut once.
The Lake County star. [volume] (Chase, Mich.) 1873-current, 1874-04-16
An Old Superstition

Among the horrible supperstitions
which still exist in some parts of the
world, that of the vampire is one of
the worst. A recent law suit in
Germany has shown that this weird
belief still exists, Notwithstanding
the boosted enlightenment of this
nineteenth century.
On the 9Th of February, 1870, there
died at Kantzyno, village in West
ern Prussia, of consumption, q re-
spectacle gentleman named Francis
Won Pollock, sixty-three years of
age. A few days after his funeral his
eldest son, Anton, was taken sick and
died on the eighteenth of the same
month. According to the physician,
his disease was what Is known as a
"gallOping consumption" Almost
at the same time this mans wife and
a young daughter were taken sick; a
second son and a brother-in-law felt
very unwell, and all these persons
Of feeling Undesirable
and oppression.
The superstitions notion was adopt
ed by the family, that the dead father
was so-called vampire, and that |
hey must all die IL help were not at |
,nce obtained. A vampire Is sup
POSED to be body which continues
% live in the grave, rising therefrom
~ night to suck the precious life