The Wichita city eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1872-1883, 1874-07-30
SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS.

turned, not only from the older states
but from some portions OF Europe
; These people who contemplate coming
to the west, and to this, the choicest
portion of il, are ANXIOUS to know
more of the particulars, more of the
striking characteristics of the great
, river. its tributaries, and valleys, that
have for decades past been set down
by the geographcr and writer as unin.
habiiable. To newspapers of this val.
ley. and to the letters of friends alone
can these people. who desire to come
among Us. look for information. To
this end is this article compiled.
1t j. a fact well known to tie GOV
ernmcnt, as 10 all observing western
men. that the really valuable lands be-
longing to the general government are
now limited and that the remaining
lands are rapidly being transferred to
private hands-thc homesteader, pre-
eInptor and settler of the west. Out
side of the Indian territory there re-
mains but limited supply of really
good agricultural lands IN all the west,
the choicest of which. for climate, soil,
and health, are to be found in the great
valley of the Arkansas, in the counties
named above.
THE ARKANSAS RIVER
is little less than 1000 miles in length,
being one of the longest and swittest
running streams upon the continent.
Rising in Colorado territory, longitude
one hundred and six and Onc-half de-
grecs west Of Greenwich, and latitude
thirtv-nine and one-half degrees north,
receiving its waters from rivulets and
springs that are fed by the melting of
tne eternal SHOWS of the snowy range
which rears its rugged, lofty and snow
crowned peaks $50 miles west of and
5000 feet above the base of the Rocky
mountains, il flows completely around
the south peak, surgcs and sparklcs at
the base Of Mount Lincoln and rushes
out through canyon in Pixies Peak
range into the valley Of estcrn Colora-
do and Oh eastward. 1t enters Kansas
seventy-iive miles north of the south
! line of the state, runs due east 40 miles.
DIVORCES seventy-fiye miles northeast,
then angles to the Southeast, forming
what is known as the Great Bend,
thence little south of east through
| Kansas. the Indian territory and the
state of Arkansas, emptying into the
Mississippi midway between Memphis
and Nicksburg. The Arkansas is a
! broad and shallow stream. with many
islands, low but well defined banks,
varying from four to ten feet in height.
! The most remarkable features are that
although draining a country. before
reaching Kansas, larger than all New
! England, and although it carries the
melting SHOWS in June. July and Au-
gust of many thousand square miles, it
never overflows its banks, but its wa
| tiers are curiously kept within the bed
of the stream, working great benefit
! to the soil Of the valley for miles upon
each side. The fact is he bed of the
| stream throughout its source in Kan
sas is composed of sand and gravel, as
also the subsoil of the adjacent lands.
The superintendent water spreads it.
self through his subsoil, instead of
overlooking the country. as would be
the ease if the subsoil of the wide val
leys was clay. SO completely does the
porus subsoll drink up this water that
most of the year 1t is easily fordable
with teams, and there has been times
when. in the western portion of the
state. the river bed would 90 dry. al
though water could be obtained three
or four inches below the surface, where
in reality the river was flowing in the
gravel. The river at Wichita is about
l. 800 feet wide, at Hutchinson, forty
miles further up, it is 1000 feet wide.
THE VALLEY AND SOIL.
The richest and most desirable por-
ton of the valley lies between the
Great Bend and the point where The
river enters in the Indian territory, in
which, area are the counties of Reno.
Harvey, Scdgwick, Sumner, Cowley
and Butler. TO describe perfectly the
lands. streams, towns and productions
of these counties would require more
facile and forciblc pen than we WELD.
The valley proper or bottom is from
ten to twenty miles in width. The
higher lands upon either side are a kind
of second bottom, or low rolling prai-
rics. with just enough undulation or
swell To carry off the extra rain falls.
The soil of the valley proper, which is
also marked by gentle swells, is chief
" a sandy loan, made up of such min
cral elements as have been washed
from the Rocky mountains by the attri-
ZION Ol ayes. II IL IL Ilifhtl lcitult VI
this soil that it contains much larger
proportion of mineral matter than the
prairie soils of Illinois and Iowa, which
are chiefly vegetable mould. For this
reason our valley will improve by cul-
tivation. To those accustomed to
murky soil. there appears to be in
places in this valley too much sand, but
the experience of our farmers is direct
" the opposite. Read what the editor
Of the AmcricdH IgricuifuTiSt, who Vi
sited this valley in April Of this year,
has TO say:
The soil is deep black loan. rest
ing on lighter colorcd subsoil con-
siSting of loan, clay and gravel, both
soil and subsoil being SO porus that
surface water readily passes through
them. and in 10 case is there any diff
Guilty experienced in crossing with
horses and wagons or stock. any water
courses or beds of streams. Teams NAV
be driven across springs or creek bot
toms fcarlessly, without danger of mir
inc. This porosity of the soil, while
il renders it capable of being plowed or
worked Immediately after the heaviest
rains. at the same lime keeps is con-
stantlv moist from evaporation below.
and protects il from drouth Within
six hours of the cessation of rain in
which ! Judge at least three inches of
water fell. saw farmers breaking sod
and cultivating the Young corn. The
crops of corn. oats. rye, spring and fall
wheat. potatoes and garden vegetables.
which | saw growing. both on new and
old breakings, in various localities in
the valley. are equal to any that have
ever seen elsewhere. during many
wears experience. know of no part
of the country. possessing more at,
trac;ive soil for the farmer than this.
STOCK.
This is the natural home for cattle
From early spring until the middle of
October or the first of November the
herds of farmers and stock raisers
wander leisurely through the green
nutritious grasses that brush their
sides in open meadows that are bound
less. growing fat and producing their
kind The abundant grasses. pure wa
tiers and warm climate render this por-
ton of Kansas the finest stock country
probably in the known world. The
corn crop is safe before the rains cease.
and after that time the grass cures
upon the ground and makes a natural
hav. retaining much of its nutritious
qualities. which serves as a perennial
pasture for stock. The fall and winter
seasons. which cast of the Missouri
are marked by the prevalence of cold
rains and chilling storms so trying to
stock. here are marked by dry and
bracing weather Occasional storms.
in which light. dry snow is drifted and
wreathcd upon the surface. occur. dur
inc which the farmer will feel called
upon to shelter and feed his stock.