The New York herald., 1874-11-02
PUBLIC HYGIENE IN GERMANY.
Woman's Wolk In Factorfes-The GeE.
man Congress or Sanitary Union.

SOMRTe8o OI S0nAtuAy CMA~s.s
FRANKFORT, Oct. 8, 1874.
The Congress or the German union Tor public
hygiene is just ended at Bresau, where Dumber
OF eminent medical and scientific gentlemen met
TO discuss matters OF general interest connected
with hygiene. 1t was unfortunate tnat most q
the speakers treated their subjects from an en-.
tlreiy TOO restricted, local point OF view. There
were long speeches about the history OF h0spitalss
and, OF course, we very happy to hear credit
given TO the Christian Church for the erection 0l
the first house for the sick In Europe. The oldese
hospital appears in the Basiltas. institution es
taDished by Bishop Basilias, OF Cappadocia, In.
tended Tor all kinds Of human charity-for the 70.
ceptlon Of the poor, of orphans and the sick.
And we are told that this Baslllas was in Its daJ
considered TO be the greatest wonder OF the world
greater even than the Colossus at Rhodes. An In
teresting subject was treated by DR.. Hirt ol
Breslau.
woMEN's WORK IN THE MANUFACTURES.
He revealed o sad state Of AFFAIRS existing in
Germany and other European lands. and pleaded
Tor strict legislation the subject. aud the cur
failing OF the hours OF labor. While In England
the hours or labor lor women are restricted 70
sixty IN tne week. they amount In France to sew.
enty-two, in Holland to seventy-eight hours. ana
Germany is in this respect about on par with
Holland. He spoke Of the necessity OF lexlsatl0n
in the matter or the employment OF women IN
manufactures where poisonous materials are
made. Ihe nuInOer ol ulScarFla4es among
women employed In the lead manufactures 10
something TERRIBLE and OF the children OF mothers
whose daily occupation Is found IN the poisonous
atmosphere of lead works. seventy per cent die on
before reaching the third year! DIR. Schwabe, oa
Berlin. gave most noteworthy essay on
TIE INFLUENCE OF DWELLINGS UPON MORTALITY.
He based his deductions on the statistics OF Ber.
lin. 1t appears that the best etGge Qor the Ger.
mans live on stores or 6tdOes) Is the nrsr, OF
rather, with u.s. the second. that the first aCov0
the pdrieTTe ground noor, with POS per cent OF
deaths per l000 III the second tthird) story, 2i2;
IN the third uourtn), 22.2; IN the pdreTre, 2z.3;
the cellar. 245, and In the fourth ith) story or
garret, 2s.s pei. l,Ooo. VI course we should take
into account the TACT that the people living
IN the garret and In the cellar are
not IN such good circumstances the others,
and disease always finds home more readily
among the poor than among the rlcn. Dr.
ScnwaDe explains the 1act OF the rate OF mortality
being less In the cellars than IN the garret In
tnat the Berlin cellar dwellers are frequently IN
pretty good circumstances. Dr. Schwabes sta.
tlstics interesting, but his deductions are NOS
always acceptable tor the rate OF mortality Is un
dOubtedy conditioned more oy the wealth and
cleanliness OF the 6taQe dwellers than by any
cnance OF residence. In Brussels Tor instance,
the number or misbirtns among the common
laborers is three times as great as among the
prOprietdiTeS, and double that among mechanics.
The same ratio Is lUund IN Berlin.
The Congress was well attended, and there were
the usual festivities, banquets and excursions, ~
Is customary wherever Germans assemble.