The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-04-07


souls. The Doctor has no hesitation in asserting
that II the country had been in possession OF Eng
land 1t would now have been yielding as much or
more Of the raw material for her manufactures as
an equal extent OF territory in the cottongrowlng
States OF America. A railroad from Loando to this
valley Is wanted. AS he proceeds the Doctor de-
scribes the characteristics OF this wonderfully
humid region, and says they may account in some
measure Tor the periodical hoods of the IamDes
and perhaps the Nile. Leaving Linyanti in Sep
tember 1856, he proceeded down the Leeambye
and Zambesi rivers, which he found TO be Identl-
cal, to Quiimane on the indian ocean, on May 20
1855, having travelled upwards OF 5000 miles. AT
Quilimane he took British war vessel for Eng
land, where he arrived December u, 1850
THE IMPORTANCE OF DR. LIvIN6sToNEs FIRST DIS
CoyRRiEs.
Most geographers are aware that before the dis
cOvery OF Lake Ngami and the well watered coun-
try in which the powerful tribe OF the Mokololo
dwell, the idea prevailed that large part OF the
interior OF Africa consisted OF sandy DESERTS into
which rivers ran and were lost. During DR..
Liyingstone's journey in 1926, from sea across
the south intertroplcal part OF the continent IL
was found TO be we'll watered country, with
large tracts Of fine fertile SOIL covered with forest
ana beautiful grassy valleys occupied by CON
siderable population, and one Of the most wonder
full waterfalls 1.-THE Mosloa- tunya Victoria saiis,
said to be twice the deph Of Niagara Fails was
brought TO light. The peculiar form Of the CONT
nent was ascertained to be an elevated plateau,
somewhat depressed in the centre and with
assures In the sides, by which the rivers
escaped TO the sea. These discoveries
were SUFFICIENT to establish the fame Of
any man for q generation, but they did not satisfy
the cravings OF the intrepid Livingstone. New
light had been thrown on other portions OF the
continent by the travels OF DR.. Barth by the re-
searches OF Krapf Erkhardt and Rebman, by
the efforts OF DIR. Blaikie Ia martyr unfortunately
aias not the last to the ciimate), by the journey
OF Francis Cation, and by the discoveries OF Lakes
TanganyiKa and Victoria Nyanza by Captain Bur-
ton and by Captain Spoke, ''whose untimely
death, remarked the warm hearted Livingstone.
1--WE all deplore." Then followed the researches or
Van der Decken, Thornton and others; AMI, last Of
ali. the grand discovery OF the main Of the
Nile by Spoke and Grant The fabulous t0rrid zone
OF parched and burning sand was now proved to
be well watered region, resembling North Amer
lea in its fresh water lakes and India IN it's hot,
humid )owands Jungles and cool highlands Truly,
the civilized world cannot do too much toward
honoring the living men who have accomplished
so much, and in keeping forever green the memo
ries OF those who like the lamented Or. living
stone, have sacrificed their lives IN their heroic
labors for the benefit OF mankind.
DIR. LryINGsroNE's SECOND TOUR or DISCOVERY
1S5S-lS64.
After rest OF two years DR.. Livingstone left
England in 1858 and returned to his old field OF
labor, having been appointed British Consul at
Qalimane. He made another journey up the
Zambesi and its tributaries, discovered, among
osher important things, Lakes Shirwa and Nyapa,
n In IN RAM rRnh Nv
vigorous health considering the climate he had
been living ip and the manifold hardships and pr-
vatons ne had encountered.
In this exploration, having number OF scientific
men with HIM. the object in view was not to dis
cover objects OF nine days wonder, to gaze and ne
gazed at by barbarans but to note the climate
the natural productions, the local diseases the ma
tives and their relation to the rest OF the world
all which were observed with that peculiar interest
which, regards the future the untirinC ex plorer
could not bnt feel in \ continent whose occult
history he had already done SO much toward un-
folding. Proceeding to the west coast in order to
find path to the sea by which lawful commerce
might be introduced to aid missionary operations,
he states that it quite striking to observe,
eral hundreds OF mics from the ocean, the very de-
cded influence OF the then prevailing policy OF the
English government in regard TO the interior Of
slave trade so far suppressed that 1t
was spoken OF by Portuguese who had themselves
been slave traders as Q thing OF the past. Lawful
commerce had increased from an annual total OF
100000 in ivory ana gold dust to between
e. 900 and g. O00 00O Of which CT 600 in
palm Oil to England alone. over twenty missions
had been established, with schools at which more
than IL COO pupils were taught. Life and property
were rendered secure on the coast and compare
tive peace impaired TO millions Of people in the
interior. In his second tour of exploration DR..
Livingstone opened much OF the country to the
light OF civilization which he was unable to do on
his former visit.
DR. LIvINGsroNE's THIRD AND LAST EXPLORATIONS
IN THE INTERIOR OF AFRicA-ls65-is7S-MAY
(HIs DEATH.
The reading public are doubtless familiar with
many OF the most striking incidents connected
with DR.. Lvingstones final expedition to the inte-
rior Of Africa to discover the OF the Nile.
The repeated reports OF his death, which we're
subsequently ascertained to be untounded, the IN
certainty regarding his fate and whereabouts, his
long and extraordinary silence, and the universal
anxiety to learn what had become OF him, induced
private enterprise in search OF the missing cx.
plorer, which the world mas seen was crowned
with unexampled success.
HIS LAST JOURNEY.
At the time oil Dr.. Ltv1ngstOne's return to Eng
Ian d from the Zambesi in 1864 there existed con-
siderable excitement in scientific circles from che
discoveries OF Grant and Spoke OF the sources of
the River Nile. After brief sojourn Dr. Living
stone prepared for his third journey OF discoveries.
He left England on the 14th OF August, 1865, for
Bombay. Thence he proceeded to Zanzibar anu
ON the 2Sth OF March, 1885, the great explorer
crossed from Zanzibar for the mainland, and at
once started for the interior by way OF the River
Rovuma. The first information we have directly
from him after his departure is contained in de-
spatch sent by him to Earl Clarendon, dated
Bemba, latitude 10 degrees 10 minutes south, lons
gtude 81 degrees so minutes east February l. 1867,
and in letter to sir Roderick Murchison. dated at
the same place on the ID OF the same month and
received in England about the 27th Of April, 1861
It will be remembered that reports OF his being
murdered were received from Zanzibar under date
OF December 10, 1885,
DESPATCH TO EARL MISUNDERSTANDING 1867.