The New York herald., 1874-09-09

ing OF one from each State, prepared .
memorial to Congress. An opposition national
month. There were 500 members rom thirteen
States and the District OF Columbia present After
session OF week they adopted an address to the
people, ana followed the example OF the Philadel-
phia Convention by presenting memorial to Con-
gress. In the meantime every device OF pleading
and litigation was put in requslton to defeat the
Tarin law, since violence and bOOdshed we're 10 be
avoided as lar as was practicable. South Carolina
was sanguine, however, that matters would never
reach TINS issue, as In the event ola
THREATENED CIVIL WAR
reliance was placed on the sympatnies OF all the
States, rom similar belief, would be prevented
from driving tue dispute to that extremity.
the representatives of South Carolina in
by an =, address iSd and r., resolutions ,r OF the
mas arrived. the Twenty second Congress has
adjourned and the majority have by their last act
$50 lar as depends on them), sealed your desliny.n
They said they had remedy 1or the wrong and
asked the people whether they would submit or
apply the remedy. They concluded with several
resolutions, which were to arrest the operation OF
the rariff act In south CarOllna thanked their
representatives in Congress; invited the call OF
convention OF the people OF the state. and pledged
themselves to vote for no member OF the Legisla-
ture who would not favor o convention. They
deprecated resort to violence and treated it as
phantom "cOnJured up by avarice ana ambition TO
alarm the timid," and declared their readiness to
meet any consequences. The Legislature, when IL
convention. That body accordingly assembled In
November, 1882, After q session of three DAYS
they reported an ordinance declaring the revenue
laws OF Congress then in force to be uncOnstitu-
tional and void: that 1t would be unlawful for any
officer OF the state or OF the United States to col
should not be called into question i sBy court Of
law or equity, and that persons holding ohdGe
an;:er South Carolina should take an oaI6 to en-
force this ordinance on pain OF removal, and they
declared that tney would maintain the Ordinance
al every hazard. They further announced tnat they
would not submit to force and they would con-
measures mo n
coerce the state antenlorce the tarlfr as lncOn-
sistent with their longer continuance in the Union,
and that they would forthwith proceed
TO ORGANIZE SEPARATE GOVERNMENT.
The ordinance was adopted by 136 votes to 20.
nance into esct the PROVISIONS Of ybicS ne If en
forced, could not lail to bring about O collision
with the federal authorit es Matters had now
reached that point when neither party gave way,
Oi when there seemed no probability, the question
could only oe decided by physical lorce. All the
subject was tuly discussed in sevei al OF the Legls
atures. A very large majority OF them, by decisive
votes, did not hesitate to condemn the course Of
South Carolina and to deny the nulllncanOn OF o
law OF Congress by Stale 10 be the right remedy
Tor supposed violation OF the constitution. Mas
mia, Dea ware, Maryiand North Carolina, Ken
tucky, Indiana anu Tennessee all took this course.
Lven the State OF Georgia. which, like South Caro-
lima, venementy opposed tile tariff and mad pro-
posed
A CONVENTION OF THE SOUTHERN STATES,
for the purpose OF devlSing some mode ODraining
rellet rOm II, passed a resolution declaring that
they abh0rred the doctrine OF notification. A
similar course was pursued by Alapama, The
Legislature OF Virginia acted Inherently. 1t passed
resolutions earnestly requesting South Carolina to
resclnd the ordnance OF the late Convention Of
that state. With equal earnestness 1t urged Con-
gress TO modify tee tari 80 as to reduce the reve
nue. to the proper expenditure OF the government.
called In consequence OF the mediation OF Vir-
gnia, the delegates, after o short delibera ton,
passed another ordinance, in which 1t was
stated that Congress having by recent act so
reduced and modified the duties upon foreign
importarions as substantially to reduce the
revenue so as to meet the necessary eX-
pense OF the government It was resolved tnat
the ordinance nulliiyipg certain acts OF congress
should be repealed, provided that tue act amend
ing the militia laws OF the state should remain in
force until they were modified py the Legislature
During the controversy President Jackson issued
announcing his nrm resolution TO have all the
laws OF the United States enforced and respected
and nat ne would use all the power OF the gov
ernment for this purpose. There was no mistak-
Ing Jackson's attitude. and the people Of south
Carolina, knowing the character OF the
In the path they had marked out for
themselves. The Presidents proclamation was
THE DEATH kNELL OF MULTIPLICATION
and secession. TINS memorable compromise,
which seemed on the point OF an appeal to arms.
unequal as the contest would nave BEEN gave
general satisfaction to the nation. After soothing
the pride OF the nu,lllers, a5 1t was practically a
concession TO their demands, 1t enabled them to
them from perceiving-that thy had escaped a
disastrous defeat, unsupported as they were Dy
fed the friends OF peace. law and order tnat IN g
extreme and OdiOus use OF force was no longer
necessary. The effects OF national conventions IN
times when new and strange conditions OF afairs
exist in the country wac illustrated during the
nullifcation episoue IN our history. And me part
the Legislatul es-cOmpOsed Of men coming fresh
and directly from the peOple-took had powerful
influence IN bringing the controversy TO apeace-
1ul and satisfactory termination.
SOUTHERN COMMISSIONS
During the intense excitement that prevailed
pending the measures ior the ADMISSION OF Cali
Fugitive Slave law in 1860, convention OF the
Southern States assembled at Nashville June 8, OF
Was o o Se ahest men N Du1 ha
section. Mr. Sharkey, Of Mississippi, who pre-.
sided, stated tnat the object was not to mature
measures lor the protection OF the rights OF the
people of the South, but to preserve the govern
ment. 1t was not called to dlsmember but to
protect the Union. He repelled the sander that
racy, and expressed hope that the Union might
be the last thing to perish amid the universal
wreck Oh matter. The resolutions adopted al
hrmed the claims OF the slavehOiding states
and adjourned, after session OF ten
journment Of Congress. Another convention was
he'd at Charleston s. Co. June IL, 1854, Tor the pur
pose OF devising means to promote the interests
OF the slavehOding states The principal subject
discussed was the prop rlcty OF constructing
railroad to the Pacific Dy southern route. The
Convention was unanimous in the opinion that
the road ought to be built and majority OF the
Delegates were In favor OF the work being per-
formed by the Southern states alone. Resolutions
taken to secure the right OF navigating tue river
Amazon, to promote manufactures In the south
and to open direct Intercourse with Europe.
THE PEACE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1861.
This BODY assembled at Washington January 10,
1861, and 1t was generally expected that Its de.
llbefatiOns would result in devlslng q peaceful
means Oh averlng the civil war, which was then
on the eve OF breaking out. The 1rst angry shot
had not vet been fred, and the Virginia LeRisla-
ture thought that II there was general cOnven.
ton OF all the States some plan OF settlement
would be reached. They deprecated so dire q ca
lamity as an internecine bloody struggle, and In.
vted the sister comm0nwealths to unite In an
earnest effort to secure adequate guarantees Tor
securing the rights OF all members Of the Unlon
gressional delegations; Tennessee, Ohio, Ken
tuoky, Indiana, Delaware, Illinois, New Yer
Rhode Island and Missouri were represented
BY delegates appointed BY their respec-
tive Legislatures; New Hampshire, Yer.
mohv, Connecticut, Indiana, North Carolina.
Maryland and Kansas were represented by dele
gates appointed by their respective Governors
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, California and
oregon were not represented. South Carolina