davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1874-05-03

On Tuesday the state farmer hsso'
citation, represented by its officers, and
the presidents Of the county clubs
throughout the state, under the name
of an "advisory board" meet nj Bloom.
ington to decide whether the farmers,
as body, shall place ticket in the
field for the fall elections.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1874-05-03
,onsH. opEaLY. sil,or and Publisher

rgIshA OF THE DALI, rCLLErIN
ORE week, by carrier ............,"",s d
ons ysss by carrier, in sdysoes...". 10 10
one year BIZ tayricr II ROT PAID I"
10 advance - ................ ~ 10
one month, by NAL. ........,..,..... 40
farce months. ss.... ....t......... . 20
S'x In1p'hs.. ...,,,...-...,...,. DO. -. IN
,ias yeN...,.. ......-...,...,,.....s. - w
TERMS OF NEEgfr rv--r--N.
ono Year Observation-Disclosures. ......fi N
SIX Months. 80. .s,......,,... ,.., 10
Three Months -
Invariably In advance.
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1874-05-03

Gov. Ames Of Mississippi, i. a radi
cal, a osrre,.hagscr and . .on in.law
Of Ben Bwt.cr. But with all these
thing against him, he is possessed Of
The Cairo bulletin. [volume] (Cairo, Ill.) 1872-1878, 1874-05-03

records some bloody deeds done by
more than one Of those whose bones
are now dust in Westminster Abbey.
hu, among their crimes was MT that Of
dissenting from the faith Of their fore.
fathers--,hey were not Prcsbylerians.
livingston popt more thhn thirty
wears If H. lite rs q missionary and
traveller III iha heart Of Africa he
contributed inncli valuable information
TO the learned world and during h's
lie Of nearly sixty years never h'rm'
cd living orca,nre but after all, he
wa rrceby 'ericu. which the English
writer ic4isus.oA . mighty reason
why his bone. should not reat in
Westminster Abbey. The world moves
backward. sometimes,
, 1874-01-06
REAL ESTATE.
Tho following instruments vero fled for
record Oh Moullay, Jan. s.:

The following instruments werc fled for
record Oh Monday. Jan. 81,
CITY ruoPEnTX.
Centre ~, 20 II n Of Nua:e.ush at, 15112s IT,
with buildings, dated jan. 2 :; consideration. $3.50.
Same us the above, dated Dec u. 1873; considsra-
ton, $3,5u0.
Lot On court 1sa # Of Wabash Nv, and liz # Of
Eighteenth st. " I, 24r4A IT, dated jan. constdera-
tion. ~. ... ..
Min s., 100 II Of Lyman 1t, I. soxlo7 S-1v It,
with building, d4tsi Dec. 10, 1873; consideration,
$1,000 . .......-
Fulton st. q It u Of pauna IT, I, 7k1124 It, dated
Dec 1, 1873: consideration, sl,C0o.
Tn1rty-ifsh st, " Of Laurs IT. +, asx123 Il, dated
Dec Is, 1873 cortile1ation, 5000. ..
Kendall at 1o0 It of Birch st, ef, 24L0oft
duted Dec 81, 1873 consideration, s, 400.
da,ed Now II. lB73 conetder-,-ou. s., 10o.
Church st, rs # OF Eugcnic 1t, I, 2513oH It,
dated Jan j j; consideration, 500.
West Monroe st, b tween Canal and Clinton sts. n 7,
y.del 4 uf 2011s9 II, dated JAM ); consideration
DIVISION ct, 10 II Of LarEabec ST. I, a'12oo feet
dated Sept, 26, 1919 consideration, r, ,0oo
Indiana ae IS IT'S cf ThIrtE-eghth a. I, &s1t!4 H.
dated De'. Is, 1873 coaaiderat!ou- *l'0U' ~
GariDad1 1t, LIZ Il OF Swift Place. WI, @o-4 s4o
f. dlted Jan. 2 roEs deCatlon, tdOo-
Dutuu st. Biz II Of Stearns It, front, 12Hx115
#. lated O:t- ii, 1879 constellation, saN.
West Wath ngton st. near corner q tauils
n. I: ls.<1425 IT, dated Oct H. 1873; oona'aesanon'
,farwe1l IT. o75 II Y of Jefferson It, I. 251l73 #,
dated Aug. 24, l873; consideration, II ,5oo o,4,r
Lowe az, 10 Il Of Thirty st, y 2lex1b J.
10 r. with l441123 7-l0 It In Rae block, datea Osc q
1873 consideration, ST. 800. .o..oo,< =,
Wes< Erie 1t, 800 It VI of Oakley ~. ~ a11114 ~
dated Jan, +; cou8iaeEAdon. S9oA
, 1874-01-06


NEW YORK, Jan. 5.-Mouey closed easy at 90
6 per ceut- .,o,. ~,
day and S457 for sisht.
IAa customs receipts we're s460,00o.
Gold WIS Irregular, ciosins At l11H after sell
ing up to 11lH.
Loans we're at per cent, gold. and Lea per
ceut for carrying.
The Assistant Treasurer lisbursed 81 .5G2, ,000
Tie cIearlags were 3o3, OIL, ,tu0
Governments clustd u trlue lower In sympathy
with guild. i,
STATE bonds we're quiet.
Stocds opened bnoyaut at an advance Of 1s to
z per ceut aflerwasd, tEeie was sill further
Improvement. but at the FIRST Board the market
was e.ular. with flequcut fluctuations to tue
close Transactions vcrv large 1t iuale: at the
close tho mail ke. WAS firm Win quotations con-
s1delaLIy above tie lowest point. The strongest
stocks were North" esterl, Rock Island. aud
Chicago, Columbus d Indiana, which advanced
steadily without reaction. The stock Gales from
10 to 2 O'Clock amounted to $4,000 shares, OF
which %, 600 we're Western Union. IS, ,uuu Uuion
pucitic II 900 Wabash. 13.u0l Pac!hc 1lail, 9,000
OAios, 81 600 Lake Shore, IT, 0Uo st. Paul, l1.000
Nortuwe.tern, 5000 Columbus, Chicago d
Indiana Ceutrnl, $500 Lock IslAud, aul ], ,oo1
HANNIBAL l. st. Joe
Starting 49,
, 1874-01-06

stocka On which tho losses were immense. ~ Aua ~
singular contrast the comparative safety OF western
productions OF these which enter largely lnto tue
nreparattou Of food they had Tue effect OF bringing
more prominently into notice these lending Articles u
Western prolucunu and they have beaa more caIs-
futy consdered their value has improved, ana t2e
nnriety to secure them has increased. 80 great
has Leen the change, mud rapid the deyelopments
which have been e1posed, that practical, thlhksng
minds hare almost undergone an entire chanse OF
opjIion and we confess to the fact that our o" Is
rreatlv modified and shonld the inquiries now on 1901
result in cstabshin the correctness Of the statements
now made With so much posiuvenesa, We shall not re-
fuse to admit their general correctness, and 70 hc-
knowledge TINT Ye IN common with many others, nave
been mistaken. THUS far, the developments causing
this change Of front have been greatest at the IN
the nmediute vicinity Of production, where tey arc
most generally accredited and SO marked is the con-
trast Of opinions prevailing at the West and East ana
amoug consumers Of Europe, that there as almost
direct conflict between them. ~ -
Flour was very quiet, and strong at IN
changed prices. There MAS far demand Tor
good s,ring extras for export, but holders gen
orally asked an advance ot 1213c Fer brl. wnlch
exporters would not pay; hence they withdrew
4 few small lots wers sold to local dealers.
Bran was firm. Sales were reported OF 100 btls
white winter extras est. Libo:) at S8.5o o.
brIs do {W.B,) 81 $500; 100 brls spring extras
(Ninn. J at $G.621f: SO brls do At SG.5o 81 DTS
do (Minn.) at f6.3711 100 brls do at S6.26 35o
brls do on private terms. Total. 9oo . ls.. Affo
80 tons BRAN to arrive, at 9l2.59. IAe follow
. H.. .xfr
, 1874-01-06

<9ou. .-.-...-..
NORTH or crTY LIMITS.
Lot il, In Dio~k g. Rayenswood, dlted Dec o. 1878
consideration, q 900.
Of !, x SO: 20. 40, II, dated 1a1l s. eons'a-
eratiou, :! QUO.
sorrH Of CITY LIMITS.
Lots ~ and g. iu Block Of Block 49, Sec 49, 49, II,
dated Da". II, 1878 !; consideration, 81 20. 20
Lot 49, in Block 2, aud Lot s, IN Bloch J. o. 1:osk ~
in Dre1e1 Smiths pact Of SEC IL, W, IT, datea
Oct 25 1875 consideration, s. 800 no
Lots ~ and44, IN Block u, Of HsW u Soc IL w.
10, dated IN. S consideration, s3eo. 10
x Of Block i, In Basby's u ofs" Sec ~ 10
II, dated Jan. 2 consideration, $780,
, 1874-01-06
COMMERCIAL.

MONDAY EVENING, Jan s.
Tie following were the receipts aud aaipmen:s
of the leading articles Of produce Ill chicago
during the past forty-eight hours, aud 1or tne
20, responding date one year ngo:
, 1874-01-06

IN UQaINss
Tic total OF dividends aud interest that W'll
be raid iu Boston during tue first half OF January
il ~ 6s5, ,375 ThisagsrcGate comrares Win tnose
OF the four last setu,-anuuA olWueno payments
in that c,tY as follows: Total July l. 1878, Slo
lsnO nOY3: total Ian l, 1873, Sl2 2,O33,0J4; total
July i, 1872, Sl3, ,756, ,66G; total JAu. l. 1871
$l3, ,274, TAO.
lie different classcs Of interest and dividends
to ba paid in Boytou are: Interest IN Govern
mcnt, State, md city bonds, $5.3i2, III; rail-
road dividends, 81, ,755, 42f; manufacturing oa'-
idoads 53.E,.910; ln!scelane9us. SSH ,64o' j.
Alauutacrrr,i1g dividends feel tho influence OF
tic times forcibly, aul reductions aie III order.
The Douglas Ak reduces from to ger cent
Dwight ) TO 8; Great Falls, 5; Bill. to 5 !;
Lowell Dtcachery, 10 10 s massachusetts, 8 to
!; Naumdc 1 to 3, and Newmarket. to per
emit Tue AiIdLlesax divides per cant for the
year The Cocheco paid 10 per cent, AMI the
Salmon Falls per ccut Dec. 1T. The Atlantic,
CIintou. Norwich Wooden, Salisbury, Washing
tuu. and Wauubcok pass also tho American 1n"
suruuce md tho Boston t. AoxLury Mill Corpor-
Railroad dividends chow lcss changes than
Tie gold rny1nents at tho Boston Sub Treas-
ury will be about S3,soo.00 COUPONS aud teSls-
tered. .-
IN HARTFORD.
The aggregate Of dividends to be paid in Hart
ford. Coun., il 81 $50 2i3, vf which S33l, ,9io II
1oul tie iM Give banks Of that city. Niue lns11r-
arce companies ray S557, 900. TEa remaining
s1,4U1, ,275 IS paid by ra1roads. manufacturing
com Lanies. etc, etc. .......
LOCAL STOCK AND BOND MARKET.
Messrs lrcetou, ,kean l. Go. quote III follows
, 1874-01-06
THE LIVESTOCK MARKETS,
CHICAGO.

CHICAGO.
AosDAY EVENING. Jan. s.
CATTLE E:eceiyed since Saturday, 3,su0 haad. 11s
ns-kss opeus th:s week under 1atuer f4'or7oe aus
lc.s Tor Ill, selling it~re.e, the a:teua!nce u W
being tam usEaly iuit Tor N t'J wnhe .Ee
deasud 10 al @nd Elstern aecount WAS Larry
active Des, i.a tue TACT tlat ths Eee;pts We're sae
ttney hearty equasa the couG'ned l'1 ~ seeaps I.s
ot any t~ a.ys % q as wxs and dneps psevoas
ouot4.ions were without mu<h din'eulty SUSTAINED:
Tue SUPPLY, though scarcely up to tue average oi ~
cause for complaint Tue different descriptions Eert
fn sufficiently liberal supply to fully meet the y-f'ea
Of the different eaatses Of buyers III
Of badgeriu3 Sales 10 . l.er.l aggregate *efs r.
ported but I'll the offerings were disposed o. ana
s1e feeling at the close s-areeiy As firm as eu5ns
The early hours Of the day. The beat .droves vert
taken 1T $sE58 10 for CHOICE to extra While cctoG'
to goud grae1:s sold At s2.5uts50o.
t. "a ~ 8o&sN
Choice Bes.&s-Fine, fat, VIZ formal 3year
70 1tso H. ss oa s s ~ :. s.ocosa
ooou oosar, nse r,einy u TO iso IL, 4sa5.H
AAe1;um ea;nn "a To- 10 lis 4soa+;!
Butchers stoc1-comnon to fair steens'
apersstn apu soGa % s9 91s,i to ioSi ioS asA
Stock Cast.c-Com1non cattle, in decent -.<,,e.
he.h avsi:lg:ug 1zu to 1.05O Is. 1-'o&S'''~
1nferor-Lixnt and tlin COVE, Aetfers.
s.1gs, btiis. and scolawag ateers- l+t%et'9s
r,t,.str. 81 ..,ica cnrt,-f 4-!5s3 kts
G.tt -. ~1s srmn,nrnj Snrth ~ A0sCs3.3
C4,so-Tes9s, turoa4u drovet. I''1-''
Yrocc y ,,a;,-,, .5,ca s,u,J,v ta51 Ts-dc IN
this trluc1l OF the narket opeurd act'e' M! -; "a
tiuucd 20 taro13uou,, with !.rlces 6rm and atlan.
higher tnrn on saturday. Tho fresh receipts s,s W.
pretty Iharal, and tnere wts $50 ooos:as' ~ rrr
amount Of st-ie y. l. bu. with local and E4s:efn ca5
.r, 10th c..vey engaged; the supply dit ngs pfo,t
excessive About everything we4tin. l1?a.tss 1s
cleaned out, :nl tho market closed h-n IT 80.
for tufsrisa 10 common; Il. s1.co5j.3o fcr meain ~
AMI ut s53aG350 for good to choice. We s2psna I@
following
, 1874-01-06

ttF .
central Pacific bonds..a
s.utrai{old conV'rtol's@
Hcsteru Paeihc.......
al l. Oregon. .-.....'.
oE'a EAi!s - asy-..
Ilnots Cent. bono8.''
1. y. Il AAFlem,:-.;.; =;
!. y. \. II. q ATli'fu
shiiada'phia s 1so''4oag
'anana;a.::........'" .
ioIne. W4tcrso"n g
o5d -nsbu5sL...:.*
5yra.nse & LING
hamtsn-.
Fwenty-tulto ouet
IN Y.).--.......:.-
o=l.. Lack. 1 Western.
Bradford 4 Nttsolne1
se"ouIb o Asc"
aa'erso,' & Ne~aik k."'
Ec1ersoo Eal nsa..'. .
3 n 40 brane1 ere :.
F: Il. VIZ Alcn, y, s''.n L.,
a~nston g ~ :; ttn -
ao'lsfon Z 1e1I-'
dorr1z q Esae1 h;. I'm
40 onm' A'so
valley AalEoso,.. -. =.
Lo'taeFe . saeu -. -
Sashsi q - 9tN1,. = 1eI . H.
ooatu 3 "oaH
lnmA 1s. M..-.-.'''
.alfo 8 E u3.'4;:...'' 1,::.
Fda f4as ,.s.a q N:ilu
Nof"1ch q "Vltet'et.
Denver City " a1cs W
LAT Hl..-.. ...:-.-
Eas: I nh., ". g 11'
y, 4. L. & f-elnG.. -. :.
E,scuns1n Cent, 1st IL
{.iflffuSky. A.H. ILI d
Se*arS. 1se H..-"''
Vest Wisconsin. -"
si'"'a Cay : fac1nc.''
, 1874-01-06

sHEEP-Tbe sheep trade was moderately ~. raor %
prices werp fisn win >ales nt 1353u23e9 aas I~'A
choica. Ri4.xised, ,-G3 heal
NEW YORK.
New Yen K, Jan. 6.-HxEyEs Flesh oEef1uss s,s:T
making $50 fo1 tbs weak, against 91i tor ~ -
u. a..ltj fs.r, raging Letter tuan On tu
yious 81 IA1ay. Tuu de:uaud Wis Inod:ratey 1.r
xpd acs.ve 1T the opening, but the aurF3 49, asSI
&u.1 any If the buyers looked for. Tuo nasAe Vi.
extrche.y dull, at d:cne from Wednesday, ~ ~ hrn
tiay Of aEskc. Upwards ri 50 cut losds seis , 80
k on t--s road and about 2oo car io1ds as1a' II.
no. sud- few fancy steers were taxa a. AZ;
Il &c WIS the outside figure for extra na@'.s noI
y.ly eou,n on sod at oc. Fair to good Is1afs f"1S
II " 491G3:c. .,.5,o 1900
fox the wa;k against II $50 ioE the LAST i, suy-
o.,ulity VIA Eoo>:. The market was TAR ano 20 fsr
tliutd, prices .nsing Ut from 81 10 KS WIZ"
extra IazhI- ut 7zts g.. - n <no nat-
sw.sE-.Ar1iv.is 5.-ter.Iay snd to-day Of '~u' sx
Ina % 7i5 for tie week aYun t -. !oo 'ot Ifrs
Tue dem Ind wa- w1k Md tie market u1vo
L,ss nou&luaIy Ut 5A.@sXc; city dfes.'a' u
Western, GAG6Ac.
EAST LIBERTY. h g
EAST Liberty. ta., J4u- 5.-CA11Lk- n.aIoQt
cars: nsz:.ii a1n, $5.0uS5. 49, cornnnu'
Ftoketa, - uJa3.5U bu4ls, <2-0313.W. ~, f1 fp3
UoG.--Arriyais, G1k Cars tss1 fhi4aas4Sn4''
575: T>nk-rs, $j.1Gs 10 y
SHLEa-A1riyaIs cars. None sold-
PHILADELPHIA -,od =
PHILADELPHIA, J-u. 3.--CA11tE-pe1n1nn -pNs-xIs -
full pstees. asles o{ R,oco ext1s fss@s1''s~
, 1874-01-06
Chicago, Iowa l. Neb.

Chicago, Iowa + Neb..
O.d C1iuny.....--....
pAila,, Win. + D4lto..
Prov. l. Worcester 80.
United Cos. Of n. J. :.
Erie preferred ........
Lake Shore bonds. 49,.
Allegheny Valley bonds
Albany Il 6sisquehannl
Atlantic l. CAT ......,-
, Detroit l. Mi4waukee
funded cnup..-..--.
Detroit l. Milwaukee
second mortgage.
Dubuque SoutAwe'trn
6rst mortgage.
Nashville & Decatur.
r, It. w 6 Caiaso..
Cleveland i Pittaburn
Uuicn P-citic, first
mortgage
Carolina Central 4. Il.
Central nf n. J.....-..
j. ksonviile, n. w. &
SJuthe4E err.
C Junecticut VAlley....
California pacihr, first
aud seeond tnortga'e
end extension. ..-..
Stockton l. Copper
Liz, flrst mortgage,
, 1874-01-06

EVENING BOARD.
CHICAGO. Jar. 5.-Sales at Evening Board,
1oOU brls mess pork Keller March, sl5.3711; zoo
brls mesr pork. s~ller February. $500; 25o tca
lard, seller March, 1920; $50 tcs Lard, seller
,La,cl, $500; 200 pora barrels 1t Sl.3o.
, 1874-01-06

Tue month, c10eInE II EDouE *1'z179' a17e7 ..
.1AN@1.25H seller February, closing at
5l,25ys. Coin was in fair demand and 19c high-
e,; NJ 2 sold at 5t15@55o cash OF seller the
mouth, closing at 5lNc, aud at '5o(95Ghc for
February. Provisions sold at the out.iae prices
IL tho close OF Change. sl!es we're: 250 brls
mess pork at $500 seller February; 500 tcs
lard Al 91lc seller March, and 500 tcs do Ut Ss W
tor February; also 100000 lbs loose short ribs At
7xIc for February.
, 1874-01-06

THE ERIE CANAL
It is stated that tom tho tlno oruere we're
given to reopen tile canals until the final close
only GO boats reached tidewaser. Tweuty-seven
OF these boats were laden with wheat. 10 With
com and oats. s with barley, with apples, aud
the remaining with miscellaneous cargoos-
GAL.
Baward's circular gives the following Interest,"
ing facts:
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1874-05-01

sense would do Us all wonderful
amount Of good as regards the health
of the nation, and its happiness too
Mary miniature was asked for and
shown. 1t represented the young girl
in the perfection Of her beauty, with
the happy joyous look she had worn
during those holidays in the period of
her engagement. Tears were shed
over that lovely face.
Some weeks latter / received at Mal-
ia Il telegram from Calcutta:
"Wiu Miss Amy send me Mary 5 minaturc?"
''THoMAs RAMSAY
How much Of love and sorrow did
those few words convey. The minia-
ture. intended rs a wedGing-gift, was
sent to India. 1t was all that was left
on earth of the beautiful Mary Craw-
ford.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1874-05-01
an tnterfsiing Etory.
MAR 17S FATE.
4 FACT

must tell you of Mary's fate. Ii
was fate entirely real. 1t was dur
ing the Christmas holidays of 1869 that
I first saw Mary Crawford. 4 large
party Of us We're invited to gathering
at the house of an old friend on the
Hudson. left town on the evening
train, and an hour later We were in the
vestibule of Mr.. Ramsay's house. We
had scarcely crossed the threshold
when | was struck with the unusually
lovely face and figure of young girl
standing in the doorway of the conser-
vatory, Immediately before us. She
was apparently awaiting some arrival,
on the lookout for some one in whom
she was interested, and, as she stood
beneath an arch of evergreens and
flowers, the picture was perfect.
"What a very lovely face"' whisper
ed the friend with me. Lovely indeed
it was, of type which some years since
promised to become thoroughly Amer
lean in its frequency, but which is more
rarely seen to-day, when German and
Irish and other races are pouring in
upon us by tens of thousands, bringing
other blood and other outlines with
them. Hair and eyes were Of a deep
warm, features perfectly regular, COM
plexion delicate and clear, but neither
fair nor highly colored. The counte-
nance was charming, and the figure
full Of delicate grace.
In another moment the young girl
had vanished, but | had afterward the
pleasure of watching her through the
evening as she fitted about in the hap
py gayety Of sixteen.
81 see you are lost in admiration of
Mary Crawford" said our hostess, as
he observed me following the graceful
movements Of theyoung girl in dance
'She is ward Of ours, Southern
girl, sent to New York to finish her
education. She has won all our hearts.
You must make her acquaintance"
Soon after Mrs. Ramsay brought the
young lady to the corner where | had
placed myself out of the way of the
dancers, and we were introduced
young ward and the old friend Of the
family; and ere long it became evident
to my quiet observation that this beau
tiful Mary was likely to become some
thing nearer than ward. That bright,
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1874-05-01
Number l.
Curing Tobacco.

j ,.-- a y - 81 !
A California farmer named Culp III
1872 SECURED a patent for a new pro-
cess of curing tobacco, which appears
very simple, but is said to effect a great
improvement in the quality Of the plant.
The process consists merely in piling
the tobacco in its green state, when
first cut, and allowing it to remain in
this shape until it attains the heat Of
one hundred degrees Fahrenheit, the
width of the piles being the length Of
the plants. This causes a profuse
sweating, when the plants are laid hor-
izontally upon racks instead Of being
hung up as usually done, where11pon
the leaves naturally. fall apart. One
would hardly suppose that patent
would be granted for a process like
this; but Mr.. Culp got one, and sold
the right for its use in California to a
campany for a round price. In the
United States Circuit RCourt in San
Francisco, a week or two ago, a suit
was brought for infrin cement of this
patent, in which testimony was produ-
ed to show that the improvement in the
quality of the tobacco secured by the
treatment which Mr.. Culp claims as
his invention-is SO greatthat the plaina
titfs in the case, had been enabled to OF
tain higher prices for California tobac-
co so treated in Connecticut seed wrap-
pers than was paid for Havana tabacco
in wrappers of the same kind.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1874-05-01

country is accessible; every spot where
a goat may climb and browse is made
available. Eight hundred and twenty
miles of railways through the valleys
and thousands of miles of post-roads
unite all the cantons, and make their
country the grand highway of the
world. All roads are free: There is
not tollgate in the land. Their tel
egraph system is complete, and is un-
der control of the state; eight thou
sand miles of wire stretch over their
mountains and through their valleys /;
message of twenty words can be sent
for franc to any part of the country,
and two millions of messages pass over
the wires annually.
The grand highway of the nations
from the north to the South OF Europe,
from England to India, from Germany
to Italy. lies through Switzerland. A
line drawn from England to Brindisi
will pass through Lucerne and Mount
st. Gotthard. st. Gotthard is in the
way. and it is to be tunnelled. The
work has already been commenced on
"a magnificent scale. 1t is to be nine
and half miles in length, one and
two-thirds miles oft have already been
IeXcavated. When finished, the rail-
way from Lucerne to Lake Como in
Italy will be the grandest piece of rail
way engineering in the world.
1t will wend its way along Lake Lu-
cerne up the dark, deep gorges thread
ed by the turbulent Reuss climbing up
in the distance of eighteen miles two
thousand feet along the face of over
hanging cliffs until it reaches Mount
st. Gotthard. This tunnel will be
completed in 1880, at an expense often
millions of dollars. 1t will be six hun
drel and ten feet lower than Mount
Cents tunnel. The workeon the tun-
mel was commenced in 1S72at each end.
The drills are driven by means of COM
pressed air, and the great motive pow
er is the mountain torrent of the Re-
.usS. which rushes by the mouth Of the
northern end of the tunnel. This great
work is undertaken by Switzerland,
but she is aided in the immense outlay
by Germany and Italy, whose domin
ions will be directly and closely united
by it.