, 1874-05-16
r., r;rpr Tiber-Its 0yerDows and Their
Disastrous Consequences.
Qaviys] Of The City Since 1t Was Made
The National Capital.
rho Streets and Buildings---The Corso."'
Hon Ancient Structures Have
Been Utilized.
rnct of Manu- 'actures and Commerce.
Religious Matters.

hEuS1tuo 4AA@1tVAo'
r-:,, ro;respondeacs Of The Chicago Tribune.
boe'@' RouE. April 4, 1874
o,;vas and rcssope which caused the site
,nsz,o n ,,e reject d as the Capital OF the an-
- 0'... Romans would not be sufficient nowadays
.,oo.a tts particular location for the Capital
s,1..;r I: Is only because it was the Capital
:, .,c;ert Empire that it is selected no" as
~ eo.t-of, government for the new nation
TI,a ,-ea.l st objection to the site Of Rome has
&1Rays bean
ITS CLIMATE.
r. ;e tnozn to have been sickly city IN
,rcient tines, especially for strangers
-, ,a,sons not acclimated- The frequent
t;,ts nj tic Roman writer's show that lovers
xara M common in those d.ys as IN THESE,
,r3 mara ia a. because the use Of qu1nlne and
,;,.ar re1ncs::os was not then known. but the
ia Eouaos may have been less sensitive TO b.
r,,s,l,eric Influences than their less hardy sue
,cesors. marty because OF their system OF gym
p,stjc training, which strengthened tho noos'
mi ra,tly Of: account Of the continual use OF tne
coa bath. The climate OF Rome is soft. rathe'
ds.np. and quite yaEisble-espcc,ally IN the
uip.er-niontas when strangers noch ne'e ~ 1no
,hou,o,d The whole basin Of the Tber is ram
rsr%nd tire UO{Lu dHu GtAob ~ ta+N AA"~~-
s.or;tsiu-C,ain; to the southwest lies the
Mediterranean Sea and the city is built nearly
in t.e middle of the great plain known IS the
c,m,,rra It is thus exposed by turns
tn the soft. warm, enervating breezes from the
60, called :bo si-occo, aud the dry. chilling,
northeast b ,sts from the snow-corered Apen-
,,,ca called tho Tranontane winds. The ono
brings tho hrat Of Africa, and tho ot,or the
colds Of the wintry peaks. The nervous system
is unstrung ny the one and chilled by the other.
Hence fever, chils, typhoids, conses:ionH' and
ct;iTcr diseases, which more fully described IN
previous letter.
has name in history which conveys an lde. OF
rreat,ess altogether out Of proportion to the
realty. Where it pAsses through Rome, it Is
,wifs-runni1.g, turbulent stream, about Soo to
100 feet in width, and IS dirty ana
5ellow-lockins as the Missouri. It has steep
f.nks. and when low it runs in q channel W
tn 10 feet b,lox its valley. At times II r1ses "
fret il tho course Of few DAYS, and the over
Trrth OF th.: CITY fe9 miles, it bag gins to branch
CIT into numerous af1luenta, each OF when e1-
tends acrots the plain to the Apeunlne Aloun,
iairs. and gathers up the melting SHOWS ana
81 or GO miles. The largest, or main branch pen
e+ratas Great distance among the mountains.
md is abou. 200 miles in length Alter winter
cf heavy e,lo,s-faa. such as that OF year ago.
rents OF water overflow the banks Of the main
stream, and produce .
n1sAsr1oUs CONSEQUENCES
IN The lovor rarts Of the city. More than nhn
.e houses Of Rome are erected IN the 10"
cyound5 or ralley Of the Tiber. and not on the
"seyen Hills" as is popularity supposed. Last
ling all .hese lower portions OF the CITY were
submerged to their second stories, aud the dam
I In anc1
tic CITY WIS subject to calaulitous overho"s ;
eud they have occurred ever since. at irregular
intervals OF time. Some times there "lA nor Nc
dl-astrors overflow for Whole century, ano
Lien they ,lav be repeated everv few years lns
spring the river has at no time been half b2nk.
tall Last spring the rise waB not more than 61
feet above tow-water mark, within the walls;
Until tlys establishment Of the National CaPl'
tai III E.ane, 3 little more than three years a2o
itwasa
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.,
letharfic. motiouless. It's -treeta vera uocleao
filthy in fact Everything was ssagnaps' a, e1
cert tie b,,Egars, who we're lively enohsn+ au'
to uume, ous and pestiferous for the comfort
The strangers whom theY besot and torment ed
Tie Roman citizens were dieconten:ed ana poor
lccaa:e tie city did not prosper, and they "eT
ob,igea to obey laws they had no voice IN MAG
inc. They we're suIlen and forever plotting +
overthrow the political despotism Of the Pop
ind Couclave They contrasted the dead cond'
ten Of their CITY with the progress and r1sn
PROSPERITY OF inc CLQET 4IAilh0 I&sASo o'@-~' 'AA
upieu OF Italy under Victor Emanuel.
Leforc the removal OF the Capital ulthet
gome contained 2b2, 7s6 inhabitants, OF *hoE
sa.7 vera c!er;1als. or members Of religion
prae1s o1 monGs and nuns. Az u tne nee1nnsug ~
The cent"rv. R7mo contained 153. 900 inha bitantf
~-shoninc an increase OF only 5o,00o !
.rypn:v yea-s.- The establishment Of this Cap
al hese IN the winter Of 1901 at onc0
wAxEp IT OUT or ITS LONG 1oRPoR,
mi trrrcht sncn q; change in the outlines
a:1ai:s O. Ronc as had not been Witnessed y, snc II,
tic day:; of the CRsars. In 1872 the italia
Gnverc' nent took census, and found the uopu
la:icn rad swollen already to 247 - a91: L. AZ N
tine it 8 estimated that there arc 2S5. .00o u1hab
taa:s in Rome, exclusive OF the $4,000 or 3oVl
rtraugers and aoating' population who hay
leza re during the wintor, coming sno eo1n
by every train.
TIE NUMBER OF HOTELS
las neatly doubled in three years the old on
lare he-n renovated, redtted. and enlarpe
nhen hat was practicable; and eoo'e OF "
Of uc:' ones have been erected and or eneo
the rrblic Thdy al seem to be full ard dol1
s"ood husness.. Every one who hail vlslt|
Es!y IL former years tcatihes to tha improve
cL aa ness, rs well SIS bill-of-fare, OF tl1e note
ol Re ne md other PRINCIPAL Italian cities, SIN
tie u .iGcatlon. Que can 60 to bed now VINO
;lle a,,rehension rroying On his mintl that
Sl!lr after loss Of blood before morning NJ
@5e' le eits down to 3 meal, It ls a''t u
ceal.ly aud rala.ircly cooked In short, (
wEos travelling accommodations Of Home y
1;al; have undergone q revolution which b
brought about most gratifying imp ro'ene1
THE NEW BUILDINGS
Eh:.h have been erected in Rome IN the r.
'Ara years equal all the building dine in
lre,ious 20o years. 4 whnle square mule
/ tl-ctu:es havo nAon added to the east side
the c,t1, on the Quiriunl. Vinainal. and Esquls,
Fills. They are not dimsy shells, but SOL
it1-proof blocks, and each large enough to
/ cc;amodate twenty to Fifty families. There
10 cot:aEcs in Rome. in tho American SEN
III noue Of the common people own u1eir o
! et:ret. arc laid out straight, and Of resoecta1
+ s.dth, 40 to 60 fcet.--whereas, in tho o'd p
! t!ons Of The town, khe streets are crooked
tanaa hoins, and oulv 10 to Is feet Wid o.
S!estitute Of fidewalF g. with the exception OF
Co7so and one OF two others. No more .gioo
I'D inferior stree - are to be found in aoy
4Euiope than in .ho older parts OF Rome.
hid often heard OF
THE FAMOUS conso
o. Rome, aud had imagined broad, n1R'nnc'
AVENUE like one od the boulevards Of faris: