The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1874-03-28
TIIE ANALOGY OF OPERATIONS PREVENTED
IN THR uNIYRRsE.

and coherent, this change from the ain
pie and homogeneous 10 The complex an
heterogeneous may DO observed every
. where; AZ l will endeavor to sho,
!. when / treat Of that subject, this proces
u may be observed In the series OF world
which modern science has revealed are |
II course OF development In the skies aroun
us. Vast masses oil discrete matter eXis,
ing IN q shapeless form and with an In
uennite motion, are slowly assuming
}, regular form and definite motion
+ Others. more advanced In DEVELOPMENT
: are gradually changing from simple
, homogeneous, revolving body, to q com,
PICK, heterogeneous planetary system
I ct again In our own collection Of sola
satellites may be perceived worlds passint
through the same phase Of solidihcatiof
and differentiation Of parts which hal
! characterized the early history Of ouI
earth, while others, as the moon ant
Mars, are seen 10 have progressed still
farther than the earth. The Darwiniar
theory gives a clear and comprehensive
account OF how organic matter from The
simple condition Of q homogeneous, ielly-
IKE mass, with no specialization Of Juno
uon, has by successive minute diferentia
lions, through immense periods Of time
gradually acquired the highly complex
heterogeneous condition which man DOS
sesses, with his extreme specialization oil
Junction. This will also be shown In de-
tallin future paper. And II could also
DC pointed out how In societies, In arts, In
sciences, and In the numerous sub divis.
ions Of these, the same principle OF change
from the simple to the complex, from the
general TO the special, equally obtains.
SOCIAL EVOLUTION.
Thus. in tribes Of savsges, very low in
the social scale, there exists, as compared
With tribes more highly civilized, a gen
eral homogeneity Of character. The males
are all equally warrior or hunter, and the
women are equally domestic drudnes
But among bsrbarians, as among children,
or among a herd Of gregarious animals
Individual strength or valor soon asserts
ltseti and exercises more or less au.
thority over weaker members. At first
this sell constituted chieitain may have
10 share his control oil the tribe with
Others who quite or nearly equal him in
ability, but eventually he who becomes
most distinguished, will assume the su-
preme leadership and command. Aeon.
munity however, thus organized into a
rude form oil government, will, other
things being equal, possess an advantage
over communities not so organized, since
a leadership permits the formation Of gen.
eral laws and plans for the tribe in time
oil peace, and enables 1t to unite with con.
certed action in time OF war. Thus the
nrst step in progress made by a society
consists in a differentiation from a
homogeneity, where all are alike and
equal, to a heterogeneity, where two
classes are formed; q ruler who COM
mands and subjects who obey. But sim.
ultaneously with this change there arises
another. Where, originally each indi-
vidual made his own weapons, built his |
own canoe, or constructed his own
clothes, 1t would soon happen that some
member OF tribe excelled in one Of these |
pursuits. But his companions realizing |
the Importance OF having the best tools
OF each kind which could be procured,
would offer strong inducements to this
skilled individual to make their weapons
or supply their implements. He on the
other hand having probably a iondness
Tor the occupations, (talent and taste In
such cases being usually concomitants)
would make a specially OF his aptitude,
and the constant practice thus afforded
would promote an increase oil skill on his
part, while his companions through des-
uetudc would be rendered more depend
ant upon him. This would be the first
move toward specialization OF junction,
constituting one OF the changes Of which
evolution consists; the progression from
the general to the special. 1t would re,
qllre too much space TO indicate in de-
tail how rude government being formed,
the tendency would be toward the per-
petualion OF authority in the ruler and
his descendants; or to show how the
specialization oil function above men
toned would be the commencement OF |
barter, which In It's turn would necessi- |
tate further differentiation of pursuit. |
But 1t will be perceived that in this way |
the rudiments OF the social state are
slowly formed by the change from the
simple to the complex, from the homo.
geneous to tho heterogeneous.
EVOLUTION IN ART.
The development OF the arts and of the
sciences may be traced in similar man
ner; being q gradual progress from the
simple TO the complex, and from the gan.
eral to the special. Taking the former
we find II had its beginning in the rude
Hint weapon Of the primitive man. By
the specialization and division OF labor
which would accompany the progress
toward civilization, the stone hammer
would BIO improved into the bronze ham.
mer or Ratchet, then into the spear or
sword, then into the rude fire. arm, and
finally, as the eliminating point OF mod
ern civilization and effort, into Remington
rifles and Armstrong guns. All art.forms
may be reduced to two elementary form.
substances. These are the straight line
and the curved or waving line, the former
Of which would be horizontal or vertical, |
according as It served to express static or
dynamic force. These two lines Jointly |
employed would serve to express the |
forms Of plants, animals and men in the
first early attempts to produce them, and |
from them would arise the gradual de-
velopment oil pottery and oil architectural
forms. In the latter branch of art, the
column originated In the limitations Of the
trunk Of a tree, and by successive differ
entiations passed from the Doric to the
Ionic, and then became modified into the
Corinthian. At first the straight line
alone was used in ornsmentation then
the waving line, and next combination
Of the two, producing first plants and sub.
sequently serpents. These In time would
be followed by serpents and trees CON-
bined, TO be In turn succeeded BY uncouth
representations Of animals. At this stage
Of development, differentiation would
manifest itself in the production Of COM
oined geometrical figures, expressing alb
stract ideas. Next would arise wood
carving, then modelling in CLAW and finally