, 1874-05-23

lrnw on rs They Mood i to build up
their solid tlaHuo Our college 10 to plnnt
ss;0eo OF, 81 ,o0o worth ct plastor statuery.
Of humanity, OF tho domestIN animals, Or of
planets, 1 Ito not know; but that 1t is TO bo
purchased aud planted, ia thing certain. !
would suggest tlint a1nali part Of THO money 20
eovoe aa 1as md IL esher arsps end saether ea
bo inserted In tho Cardiff Giant pinater-fooN,-
for tho planting Of that appears to have been
Huceehh.
terprao, tint IL to throw nav light on tho sci-
once OF farming, the practioal farmer Is loft to
pursue hfa own conrae,-to plant among tho
cloas or 10 rpli the humps TO isst. and thus pro-
pare tho sb for ita best efforts.
But to return to!tlo
wonH-our LANDa or VIRGINIA.
These lands had boon cropped with tobacco fora
hundred years. Tobacco feeds nt tho surface,
and tho hundred crops had drawn out Of tue
surface tho plnnt~food In the form Of potash and
tic piant-food Tor Ills particular crop. No doep
is not in tho nature Of Tic tobucco-plant to
20 deop for ita food; but a crop Of
trees, would follow aud tie soil would appear to
DO restored to its normal coudltlon,-not for to-
1acco, but for the plants that aend their roota
deeper into tho soil, to draw on tho reserved
stores Of mineral platt-iood, or where tho soil
atmosphere.
IN Ill the long centuries OF tho culture Of
| Asin. thero was no syatem Of doep-tll!age. and
only the Hurfaco was stirred for tho crops. WIN
| our Bchoo-1en pleaao tell us why that was thug,
| and why We must plow deep In this day and aBa3
Is tho aoil Of Asia post.plooono, loess tortiary,
drift, or modified drift An answer to thia
| question might giyo us light that would, In
manner, mako light our furTows.
II shallow plowlug will wear out our soil, deep
culture will also do L, only moro time Is req!lireds
but thefact is, no soil can be worn out, though
itB mechanical condition may DO 30 changed that
| 1t has leas capacity to hold plaat-fooa. In tho
alternate voting and drying Of tho soil In tho
| power that prepares tho food Of plants. Tho
acids and alEalis are dissolved, and form now
combinations, aud arc mndo to assume now
forms. The carbon tint forms the solid diamond
| Is a lnrgo element in starch, gum, and sugar
aud this is aoating IN the atmosphere in tho
| form Of plaut-food We must, therefore,
I DO MoHE TO THE BOIL
than morolyto plow It, for 1t must DO made t1uo
by The ad oftho roller, tho harrow, and tho olod-
| cr1tsher. Tho mhrket-gardgnor sets US IN ex.
ample. TOR lo ia not satistled With the prepara-
tion Of tho soil until It las been conminutod
| with tho steel rnke and tho roller, nud reduced
| to as fine condition US possible.
Tho value OF Htable manuro is largely in Its
capacity to attract and hold moisture; aud this is
| aiHo part Of the Office Of hulnus, OF vegetable
surface. aud deep piowing would seud 1t too far
below tho surface fl rathor light soils.
III heavy clay on hard-pan soil, tlsre can be
no doubt 40 to THO value Of stirring tho soil
deeply, to allow Of tile rain-water passing down
through It, and coming up by capillary attrac~
ton. That is eeen In tho scatds OF tho soath
part OF tho State. Where it has bean broken
up or weatherod down by exposure, these scalda
hnye disappeared; aud 10 Of tho tenacious clay
aud hard'pan soilB !; once reduced to o frtable
| soil, they become lllel with roots OF trees aud
plants, and thesa, docaying, form 1lumuB, and
titus chaugo the mechanical texture OF the soil
70 10 f,nyn Inn IN
THE PREPARATION OF THE BOIL.
as 1t Is the first great principle OF farming, and
on it depends the good or i'll succcBs Of the Bev.
oral crops. With tho same preparatlon, aomt
Seasons prod1co bcttsr crops than others but
that is due to some causo that is not we'll under.
stood. though on further investigation they may
DO fully comprehondoa. It ia to eettlo tho trud
!! science Of culture, and to teach it, that ths
No had p1enty Of colleges for tho professions
and other pursuitB, and this new cluca.
ton was to. go deeper into the aroma ol
Naturo, aud to unfold to Tho farmer
lifo and growth to teach ua Just how much Ia.
Dor must bo applied 10 the preparation and onl.
ture Of tho sof in order to the best results. II
c!ay-loom Is but planted 1 inches in all seasois
know it, aud to set his pillow at that exact depth
but, if ho is to change tho depth or the condi
tlons Of tho soil change, and must exercise Iii
, Judgment accordingly, ho ought also to know
. | perin,entB must be lnado androcoraod. tits vol
| known TINT the ordinary farmer makes nc
raoord OF these things, and thus no rulo is es
, tabIislled and oauh goes on in his own way, ii
that hapha1ard sort of style that eliolta no valu
! able result.
We n,ny consider the proper depth to plow ar
opon question, but one that ought to be SETTLED
: in more definite form, ns II ID the very heat
. aud front Of the system Of culture, and th
! prime faotor in tho line OF profit.
l 70 sum rp, ne must determine to plow or no
plow; il tho former, The depths il tbs ia:tey. tn
, tools TINT shall tickle the surface to make
! rough with q harvest.
LAYING DnA1N-rl1E.
EUREKA, H.. May 4, 1874
Mn; "Ru.A1"-s :, s Please lot no klaow. thoag
proper deplh for laying tile. baw IN ono Of you
ctters, soue time ago. something in reiesenee to
said about 1t. T..
In 1860. at the Fair Of tho United States Agri
: cultural Society, held III Chicago, thore waa o,
exhibition nachine for eAcayating tho ditol
= called Pratt's llo-ditcler. The Bama implemen
was tested on my farm at tho timo of tho trial o
a tho Fowles stealn-l'1ow, and tue comraittco o
farmers presont pronounced II SUCCESS. hav
. doubt that it, or similar implement, would h
: Of great yaiao for this purpose. Lust week
y - asked tnan to lay 600 feet of tile for mo, t
g be =. 2H feet dOep;. sud ndu, h0 t,.o wante' n
n ?1'1o per fou, aI!a Mou1 tahu ~, ~
= less. Thus for have been unable to ma M
= = ono to put down tile ti!e at any price. The me'
- With spades aro not to be l,ad, and yo nuat hay
: all Implement that oau DO drawn by horso-poTo
:. to do this work. Tho litchor mentioned would
according to my recollection. mako 100 rods Q
ditch por tlay, with ono team md two mon, cut
ting i 211 feot 1oop The bottom '., Of the dte
!, before tic lilo is laid md the flllngin eau b
> douo with tue team. With such an implement
;, there would soon DO demand for tile-drainiul
= IN many parts Of tho State.
= Our Agricultural College has lnld down cor
= siderable tile, but llavo not sean any dotat1c
!, roport of tue cost or process Of tho work.
u laid down 1000 foot III 1885, 2d feot deep, an
It has answered a good purpose since, and onl
o ing laid in oyory piece Of low ground On tn
farm. Farnaors @re beginning to inquire abou
II tile.tlralulng, and now is good time to put
:. u proper Implement on tho market. Tho prat
- lttchcr was made all iron, With q whcc
" | Of somah feet III f1iamntor NTH dgRiug RaG