The herald and mail. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1873-188?, 1874-04-24

WHICH IL Jne nrst animal OF the species
ever brought alive to Europe. There
were already Representatives of three
species of these huge animals in the SO.
clety gardens. This makes a fourth
and renders the series nearly complete,
only two other kinds of rhinoceroses
being known to exist.
QUNDE FOR ox.-In Holland
quinine has recently been administered
with great effect in cases of the small
pox. German physicians claim to have
used 1t successfully for several years
past against that fearful disease. 1t
must be administered, however. at an
early stage OF the disease, and in very
large doses, to counterfeit the effect of
the smallpox poison. It must, also, be
very pure, and the complaint is getting
more and more general that very little
OF the quinine sold in the market is
genuine.
REMARKABLE PoRTRAIT.-In st. Johns
College, Oxford, there is a very curious
portrait of Charles l., done with a pen
in such n manner that the lines are
formed by verses from the Psalms. and
so cOntr1ved as to contain every Psalm.
When Charles III. was once at Oxford
he was grea ly struck with this portrait.
begged 1T of the college, and promised
IN return to grant whatever request they
should make. This they consented to.
and gave his majesty the picture, &C
companied by the request that he would
return it.
ODDS AND ENDs.-If tallow candle
be placed IN gun, and shot at a door.
4 vii rrn tHwrn rr~rI
any injury and If a musket ball he
fired into water it will not only rebound
but be h5ttened as if fred against a
solid substance. A musket bali NAV be
fired through pane of glass, making a
hole the size of the ball, without crack
ing the glass if the glass be suspended
by thread, 1t Will make no difference.
and the thread will not even vibrate,
In the arctic regions, when the thermem-
eter is below zero, persons can converse
more than a mile distant. DIR. Jamie
son asserts that he heard every word of
sermon at the distance of two miIas
\ mother has been distinctly heard talk
ing to her child on a still dav across
water a mile wide.
MANUFACTURE OF MAT-WoRK FROM
THE BARK OF THE LINDEN.-A great va
rIety of articles, including grain-bags
Wagon-covers, borrowers, ropes, sails,
etc, Is made in Russia from the bark of
the Eastwood or inden-tree, a million
OF trees being destroyed annually in the
manufacture, and the value of the ar
ticles produced amounting to about
81, 100000. The bark is collected Inv
the peasants, in May and June. when
the ascent of the sap renders peelino
easy. That of the lower part of tb9
trunk, generally employed for roofing.
is obtained in pieces about 81 by 81
feet, and is warmed, and pressed to pre-
vent Its curling. That of tie upper
part of the trunk and of the branches
is tied in bundles and rotted under wa
ter until September, when it is drilled
by aid of heat and separated into thin,
delicate strips, suitable for weaving into
mating, and varying in weight accord
ing the use to be made of it. The heay-
lest is sold at the Nishni Novgorod fair.
at about S24 per hundred weight.
MAINTENANCE OF UNIFORM TEMPER
ATURE.-Gen. NORM has proposed a
method, both simple and inexpensive.
of maintaining a temperature as con-
slant as possible in a given locality.
through all seasons of the year. The
principle he announces is simply that
of regularly renewing the air of any
given place by causing cool air of a con-
slant temperature to flow into it. by the
aid of moderate aspiration. In order
to obtain this cool air, he states that at
depth of about seventy feet in the
earth the temperature is constant, and
that 1t Is to this fact is due the uniform
temperature of several French public
halls alluded 20 HI I, Il
piled with air drawn through subter-
ranean galleries. He gives also an
elaborate calculation of the quantity of
air at given temperature necessary to
be introduced into any apartment in or
der to keep 1t IN a uniform condition
somewhat cooler than the average sum-
mer temperature), and shows that to
maintain such temperature it is not
necessary to have recourse to the en-
plOyment of deep caves, expensive to
construct and to Keep free from waterv
infiltrations; but that on the contrary.
by proper arrangement of rooms one
can establish the reservoir of cold.
either at the level of the soil, or at a
moderate depth beneath it, giving it
plenty of fresh air and sunlight: and
in which temperature a little lower
than that of spring time can be sus-
tanned without Inconvenience.
THE GREAT LAVA FLooD OF OREGON.
Prof. Joseph lie Conte, of the uni
versity of California, contributes to the
American Journal of Science and Arts
the results of observations made by him
during a geological tour in eastern and
central Oregon. He states that proba-
bly, the most extraordinary lava flood
hhaf
greater portion of northern California
and northwestern Nevada, nearly the
whole OF Oregon, Washington. and Ida
no, and ran far into Montana on the
east, and British Columbia on the north.
Derived from streams originating in
assures in the Coast, Cascade and Blue
ranges, it covered an area of 800. 900
miles to an average thickness of 1000
feet. The whole Cascade range is COM
posed OF lava, tier upon tier from top
to bottom, forming a depth in some
places of 1000 feet. The order of
events which occurred in the region of
the Columbia river is graphically depic-
ted, and the writer gives with consider
able detail the natural phenomena
which lead him to the conclusion that
the locality was a forest, probably a
valley oyergrown with conifers and
oaks. The subsoil of this forest was a
coarse bowlder or drift. By excess of
water, either by flood or changes of
level, the trees were in time killed
their leaves shed and buried in the mud,
and their trunks rotted to stumps,
Then tumultuous and rapid deposit of
coarse drift, containing drift wood, COW
cred up the forest ground and the still
remaining stumps to the depth of per-
haps several hundred feet, the surface
thus formed eventually becoming eroded
into hills and dales. Over a long period
following came the outbursts of lava in
successive flows, with the silicifcation
of the wood, and the concentration of the
DRIFT by the percolation of hot alkaline
waters containing silica, as happens so
commonly In sub-lava drifts. Finally
succeeded the process of erosion by
which the present stream channels.
whether main or tributary, have been
cut to their enormous depth.
In referring to the age of the Cascade
range, Prof lie Conte concludes that it
was first born of the sea, by horizontal
washing and vertical swelling, probably