The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-02

standng in anu ny russia, but very little under
ssauune IN the matter has been exhibited by the
peop,e ,S Nsrs few lands indeed know the birds
among ann .aS'r ornthoosical life which useful
M ,onal laws appear al present. premature.
present p"sss are fSestSns for the future AZ
have TO educate the peon,e =" nr,otect
and preserve the useful birds we have The Presi-
Agriculture, Won Chlumecky-did not expect that
the Congress would settle the question OF bird pro-
Areopagns OF public opinion which should make
known general points OF view that would certainly
lar habits and ideas and preudices have rst To- be
MADE MAD to give way IN favor OF the general veal.
ported number OF resolutions for protacton ~
useful BIRDS and laid especial weight on the neces-
sy OF international treaties TO regulate the pres
ervation period Tor game. The speaker OF the day
was DR.. Brehm, the Director OF the Berlin Aqua
rum perhaps the greatest authority on the sub
BILE, and deserve to be given in substance.
REMARKS OF DIR. BRBHM.
ures are to be taken for the protection of birds
useful to the land cnturlst S'' IN precise manner,
referring only to such means as promise real sue
TO be adopted the followlng:-
l. General instruction in the nature and influence Of
Promotion of instruction in natural history by tho
botany in the educational OF public and high
s Promotion and an active interest in the rational
efforts OF societies for the protection Of animals
msn snS s. O shs y veal
dious weIlillastraed manual aud aand6ooT native
ana
purposes OF object teaching.
DR.. Brehm dwelt at length ON the great igno-
rance or zoology and botany evident among Ordi-
mails, birds and planLs about them. Without an
exact knowledge OF the usefulness or Injurious
having them protected and no legislation can here
take the place of what every individual should
know. "wlth increased knowledge comes sympa-
thy for the animal; with sympathy the inclination
and the effort to protect what should be protected
or to .. take proper measures to - secure
q bird by name; we must know It's relation to
other birds or animals, its dependency on the
nuence 1t is not always an easy task 70 deter.
mine whether to count creature as predOmfnantly
or the
bird or animal we require not only thorough
knowledge Of the species referred to, but also OF
the animal or vegetable material on which IL sn.S-
taius itself. Therefore demand not alone Q gen.
eral dissemination OF pathological knowledge,
The school can Contribute most IL this respect
The nquisitive child Is the warmest friend Of ami
ioW q societies for the protecson OF Is
Brehm ala not speak in tern, terms Of praise He thinks
Ology were very necessary for them too.
DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT.
Such popular manuals Of zoology and botany. -
unfortunately scarce, and none OF those published
come up to Dr. Brehm's ideal. The books Of GlOger,
StUlker, GYebel aud the Brothers Muller are good
IN their way, but some lack thoroughness and al
illustrations. Dr.. Brehm urges the necessity OF tho
governments aiding IN such publication as 30 de-
gagged in its preparation aud artists of the highest
Capacity to prepare the Illustrations. Hundreds
of thousands OF COPIES" he says, unjust be dis
tributed and millions OF people thus compelled. as
1t were to learn the results Of impartial research
Each individual land must institute an edition or
such work suited to its own local necessities.
And then II all schools possess collection OF the
animals and birds Of the District results ., vi.
expectationsO First then, alter a knowledge
or ornthoogy has been acquired, is the protection
OF the useful kinds possible? Then, to induce the
winged visitors TO become localized, habitatons
must be provided for them not alone In nest boxes.
but in trees and hedges and thick underwood,
which must be cultivated for them II not there al
ready. "DO not, says DR.. Brehm, when thinning
wood, lop or every branch that has hole in IS
but where In gardens and grounds such hollow
trees and branches are wanting, then provide the
little nest boxes and hang them on the trees"
the useful and injurious birds. His remarks on
this point WIN not apply to the birds Of America IN
Europe, and Utce Versa, and 1t must remain With
American ornithologists to complete the list.
USEFUL AND INJURIOUS BIRDS.
DR.. Brehm Is not great friend OF the sparrow
The starring, he says Is "uncOmmonly useful"
For the rag OF BIRDS ne says
lars, plant lime, chestnut, maple elm, willow.
beech, oak, ash, apple and pear trees: The result
certain kinds OF hawks are useful for killing mice.
Most wild BIRDS with the exception OF pheasants,
bustards wood and moor snipes spotted plOvers.
wild geese and ducks are Injurious DR.. Brehm
mentions as belonging to this category the follow
hawK Rsx
ties OF eagles, hawks and sparrow hawks, eagle
owl, jay, forest or black stork, herOns, pelt-
cans, cormorants, sea Qulls and other species.
give this list OF Dr. Brehms, knowing that it will be
or very slight service to America, however For
law, the prohibition Of the wholesale slaughter Of
useful species, as carried on IN Italy, and OF arks.
Un n Sos csn be attained the
OF such laws the greatest caution and knowledge
must be had. He Likewise urged the moderate
preservation Of certain animals OF prey, which,
although they destroy birds, do good In devourtn9
field mice and other vermin. He spoke in favor OF
the substance of DR.. Brehms address was that the
FIRST thing to be done In protecting the birds - TO
teach their use or harm in the schools, and place
the useful birds and animals under the care OF the
| people.
are as fOows:-
lists, assembled at Vienna resolve to petition the Aus
as
o Se oows
Ene capture and tiIiiss Of insect devourns birds
i Is dss5s6is hat special list q the Of
terna ional commission, composed OF men acquainted
rhe capture Of birds which are for the most part
shall be permitted from the LIST Of March to
Of whatever kind, Is totally forbidden
The taking OF eggs and young we'll the desruc
ton nests OF all birds with the exception of the inju-
rioiis species, are forbidden
st Of all Injurious birds shall likewise published
by the above named commission
The public sale OF dead live insect eating birds Ii
forbidden at all well the sale of all other
species birds during the OF preservation This
prohibition likewise extends to The sale Of the nests or
! said birds. .
Z Exceptions to these resolutions be made at all
times III favor of scientific objects
The propositions we're accepted by an over
THEN AND NOW.
And so We progress. Many, many decades ago
good old Mother Church had the entire charge OF
all the insect and animal vermin that devastated
| the crops OF the peasant l remember an old
peasant in the Bavarian highlands telling me thas
| In his grandiather's days, when the meadows were
| devastated by millions OF mice, the sexton was
despatched to q village across the mountains for
! the crosier OF a certain saint, which was then
! priest leading the villagers following, praying
! heaven to deliver them from the scourge. 'NOw,"