, 1874-11-17
TIE RECIPROCITY TREATY.

States and tho British North American Prov
incea. Tho opposition to this treaty reats On
several grounds First. It Ia questioned
whether The United ssatos oan in any form Co.
tablisl, rate Of duties to DO charged On tho i'm
ports from ono country different from that
charged on tho imports from other countries. |
In all cur commercial treaties No have stipula-
ton that no discrimination OF that kind ehall
be made. Tho imports from each country are to !
10 charged no moro than thoao from the "moat
favored county," Tho no1t objection ia that |
tho authority Of the President aud tho Senate "a
tho treaty.maling power docs not extend to a
change Of the Revenue laws, eishor to increaae |
Or reduce the 70 venua without tho concurrence or
assent OF the House Of Representatives. Tic |
power Of the treaty-roakag branch Of tho |
Government to bind tho United staten to the
payment Of money rithout the assent Of Con- |
gross "a whole has always boen disputed. In
tho case Of the purchase OF Aaaka, tie point
waa long discussed, but VIVA eventually avoided
by tho House oonsensing to IN appropriation for
TINT purpose.
Iu anewer to tho first objection It may be said
that tho proposed arrangement with Canada Ia
founded upon peculiar circumstances, and In
oludeB direct consideration on tho part Of CAN
ada; these aro not possible With any other Gov
ornnaont. Canada offere, as consideration, the
compilation Of certain works Of internal improve
mont Of great commercial yaluo 10 the peo-
plo OF the United States, and to walso all
pecuniary claim to compensation under the
Treaty Of Washington On account Of tho
American occupation Of the British ash
ing.grounds. These Dritiah-Anorican canals
havo become as Indispensable to American COM
| morce as they aro to Canada j; their freedom. ~
well as that of the st. Lawrence Rivor, Is Of such
valuo tint q largo money consideration for It
! might ho demanded; at Ill events, It ia consid
! Grafton which 10 other nation can ofior. That
fact would probably reliove tho case Of special
| tariff between Canada and tho United States
from tho objection. On this point also NO hare
tho precedent Of former reciprocity treaty with
Canada and tho additional precedent Of the
Treaty Of Washington Of 1871. By which tlah and
fab oil, tha product Of tho Canadian daherics,
were made FREQ of duty for the term Of ten years.
that the treaty making former cannot altor tho
Revenue laws without the consent Of Congress.
But tho moat bitter opposition Is made to this
treaty by tho Hieh-Tarin protoctionista, who
strangely argue tllat it will provo injurious to
tho people Of the Wcat, because 1t wiu admit
Canadian grain oe Ill kinds to tho Uuited States
FREQ Of duty, to competo with American grain.
There would be Gomo slight forco In this obfoc-
tion II the facts fuasained 1t, Tho price Of grain
in every villago aud Ut every railroad depot in
tho United State, is regulated by the price in
London. Whatever bo the price in London that
ia tho price in o.ery part Of tho United States,
Less tho coat Of transportation ind other tolls
mud chargos. It ia immateral whether Canadian
whoat comea iuto tho United States or not, 30
far as It can Affect the price. VIC have sur
plus, aud so hns Canals; the price Is not reg
ulatod by tho home demand, but by tho demand
abroad for the surplus II all the spare grain in
Canada wero brought to tue United States, 1t
would not alter The price in thu ieass. This ia
shown hy tho faot that wo "swap grim" with
Canada. The avorago amount Of foreign wheat
which entered into consumption In Tue United
States In 1871, 1872, md 1879. few milllonf
: Of bushels each Yoar. while our exports tt
8 Canada average perhaps ton or twelve millions
. Of bushels year. Tho Canadians buy on,
Western spring wheat for their home conRump
D ton. They mix 1t With thoir winter wheat, ant
D the surplus they produce OF the latter they ahil
!. to England. They also purchase our grain tt
export to tho another Country" American
browars do import two or three millions O.
, bushels Of Canadian barley on account Of aupe
riority Of quality to mix with inferior American
barley for tho manufacture Of beer,
Canada haH surplus Of grain. but Sue canno
sell it in market already occupied with q sur
'. plus. Her trade with ns IN grain ia Il neighbor
y hood trade. Mr. Speaker Rlaino makes III
objection TO this treaty that it will make 1umbo
cheap. We do not know that this wilt be re
garded rs d serious ono by the people Of tn
- West. THO duty on lumber is IN outrageous Ia
on our paoplo, for which there Ia no excuse q
palliation. Whethor there be reciprocity treat
or not, Ill duties on lumber ought to be repealed
u The ownera Of tho upfcnced p1airiea Of the Wef
al hare no objections to cheap lumber, and, whe
~ Il costs more 10 fence q faEna than to buy til
ho land, any lsw or treaty promising to make lun
Of ber cheaper will DO welcomed by tho mas
"a "a OF tho people Of the West living in towns 9
,tr well as On farme. Cheap lumber NEAR
L. cheaper manufactures OF evory liud. It include
IL. cheaper buildings and homes aud barns. chea]
IL. er wagons and implements Of oil Kinds, choap.
H. cars aud cheaper transportation. Arelucton
~, q dollar or two dolla1s q Thousand foot In Il
,al price Of lumber meanB removal Of max
1n!llione Of dolars Of tax from the people Of .
cd tho Western States. nndcr Tim s,Imn1ont n,
or protective tux, tho American forests are rapid
los passiug away. In the haaso to realize profit
no tho lumber regions Of tho United statea arc b.
coming denuded with alarming astrnoag, md
{eE syill hn lnsakz lnf7ro x,aaaaaitst