davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
Saturday, February 2S, 1874,

within legal hours. at the southwest corner Of
Main and Madison streets. in the, city Of
Memphis. the two bonds described in said
the authorities of Pickens county. State Of
Alabama, for $500 each to the Selma, Marion
and Memphis Railroad Company, with the
coupons attached. The right of redemption
waived. JOHN d. HUM. Trustee.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
COTTON

The market to-day was quiet, with prices
firm and fair demand for bright cottons;
low grades are still neglected. few hun
dred bales changed bands this morning Of low
middling at 145l@15c; middling. 15H@l554c.
New York was reported dull; middling. 16l].
Futures were inactive. Liverpool was a
shade easier; mid ding uplands, Sd; Orleans.
SA@ssSd. New Orleans was quoted steady;
middling. 1910; sales, lOeOba
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
9th Day of March, 1874,

at 10 o'clock a NJ, and defend said attach
ment suit, within the time prescribed by law,
or the same will be proceeded with ex parte ,
and that a copy of this order be published for
four successive weeks in the Public Ledger.
This 10Th day Of January, 1874.
I2Q-135-1H-l47 w. WALLACE, ]. p.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
NOn-Resident Notice.

mo. 1857. R. d.
In the First Chancery Court Of Shelby County,
Tennessee.
Louis Hanauer ct al. composing the firm Of
Schoolfeld, Hanauer q Co. VS.. &. j. Haw-
kins etals.
TT APPEARING FROM AFFIDAVIT IN
L this cause that the defendants, u. j. Haw-
kins, o, Ii. Kirby, J. M. Allen and Perry Nu-
gent, are non-residents of the State of Ten
nessee, and that the defendant B.. j. Haw-
kins is justly indebted to complainants by
protested draft to the sum Of $500 or more,
and that the attachment issued against his
property has been duly levied as appears from
tbs process in full; it is therefore ordered,
that they make their aPpearance herein, at
the courthouse in the city of Memphis,
Tenn, on or before the first Monday in April,
1874, and plead, answer or demur to complain
ants bill, or the same will be taken for con-
fessed as to them and set for hearing ex partei
and that copy of this order be published
once a week for four successive week, in the
Memphis LEDGER.
This ID day Of February, 1874.
a copy-attest; EDMUND A. COLE,
Clerk and Master.
By y. b. MCHENRY,
Deputy Clerk and Master.
Humes & Poston, solicitors for comp ar
132-137- l43-l50
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
Monday, the 98d of February, 1874,

ut II O'Clock M, and defend the said ancillary
attachment suit, within the time prescribed
parte, and that copy Of this order be pub
iished once week for four successive weeks
in the Public Ledger. This 3lst day Of jan
uary. 1874. JOHN SPELMAN,
I31- 1877 143-14Q J. p of Shelby County.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
Attachment Notice.
J. A. McNeill
Vg.

VS..
Jack Darlington.
IN THIS CAUSE AN ATTACHMENT HAY
L ing been sued out under section 1855 of the
Code Of Tennessee. and returned by proper
officer, and levied upon the property of tho
defendant and affidavit having been made
that the defendant is justly, indebted to the
plaintiff in the sum Of $"by account, and
that defendant is a nonresident of the State
of Tennessee, or is fraudulently disposing of
his property or is about fraudulently dispos-
ing of it; it is therefore ordered that defend
ant make his personal appearance before
VIM. Wallace, j, p, on the
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18

LIVERPOOL. February IS, L: 80 p.m.-Cotton
opens a shade easier. Uplands. Sd; Orleans.
s1<9s1kd.
p.m.-Cotton is firm. Uplands. -9sd;
Orleans. s1<9s5Sd. Sales. Z, 900 bales. Of which
900 we're for export and speculation.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
LEGAL.
trustees Sale.

pY VIRTUE OLA TRUST DEED TO ME
ID executed on April "a, lS7s, to secure the
scrlbed, Of record in the Registers Office of
Shelby county, in book 92. page Az, will, as
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18

cincInnnfi.

Memphis and Ohio River Packet Co.-For
Cincinnati, Cairo, Evansville. Louisville
and Covington The elegant freight and
passenger steamer
JAS. d. PARKER ...............---...Wise, master
WILL LEAVE As ABOVE on ~
w THIS DAY. 18th inst. -
at5p.m. For freight or passage -
fi''' ED. COBB 4 CO.. Agents,
255 Front street.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
STEAM BOATS.
Dor CaIro nndhf

Memphis and ST. Louis Packet Company-Fof
Hickman. Columbus, Cairo and ST. Louis.
CITY OF HELENA. Mckee, master
WILL LEAVE THE ELE-
w vatOr Building THIS DAY, slf.1
'- '--''' AID. STORM, Treasurer.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
Tuesday, the Gath Of February, 1874,

between the hours of ten in the forenoon and
four in the afternoon, at the south gate of
Court Square in the city of Memphis, Tennes-
see, sell for cash at public outcry, to the high
est bidder, part of the real estate conveyed TO
me by said deed of trust. and which part is
described as follows. to-wit: All lying in the
city Of Memphis. county Of Shelby and .Stste
of Tennessee. and being the real estate in the
said city of Memphis belonging to William
and John d Elliott, on which the. block of
bull ings in the said city known as the Elli-
l RGs Sg So s1nSSs 49, bs Ba ss S sS
dition to the city of Memphis. each Of said
lots fronting twenty-five (25l feet on Water
street, ana running back 1857 feet to Prom
the e east part Of lot No. III, supposed to Be
$50 feet, in the same block of said Batture
addition TO said city, the same being at the
corner and junction Of Jefferson and Prome-
made streets, in said city. with front of
twenty-five (25) feet on Promenade street, on
the west side Of said street, and running back
with the North line of Jefferson street about
sixty-hye and one half feet more or less. upon
or saloons-one at the corner Of Promenade
and Jefferson streets, fronting on Promenade
street, and the other two fronting on Jefferson
street; and upon lots Nos. ~ and rs are hye
stores or saloons, two fronting on Promenade
street aud three fronting on Water street,
making altogether eight stores or saloons, and
constituting the Elliott block. Of buildings.
The real estate thus to be sold is the same de-
scribed in said deed of trust as containing the
said Elliott block Of buildings, between Water
and Promenade streets. and bounded on the
south by jefferson street and in part erro-
neously described as lots Nos. q and q, with
other accurate descriptions in said deed sum
cient to cover the property. The sale will be
in lots to suit purchasers. The title to the
property is believed to be good, but as act
only as Trustee will convey to the purchaser
only such title as possess.
The sale will be made to satisfy certain
judgments in favor Of the State of Tennessee,
and also judgments in favor of the county OF
Shelby against William and John d. elliott,
the State and county being the benefciaries
in the deed Of trust. W. X. POSITION.
January 81. 1874, l2s-td
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
Trustees Sale.

DY VIRTUE OF THE TERMS OF A DEED
ID of trust TO me executed on the 3lst day Of
Nav, 1869, By Bernard Myers and his wife,
MARGARET A. Myers, duly registered in the
Registers Office Of this. Shelby county. Ten
nessee, in Deed Book No. p, page US, / will.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18

NEW ORLEANS. February is. 1l:3O a.m.-Cot-
ton is firm and in fair demand. Middling.
161lc; sales, 1000 bales; receipts. 251 bales.
CHARLESTON. February lS.-The market is
quiet. Middling, 151sc receipts, 1446 bales.
MOBILE. February 1s.-Cotton is active and
higher. Middling. 151le; receipts, 222 bales.
GALVESTON. February 1s.-COtton is steady.
with fair demand. Middling, 1910; receipts.
1878 bales.
NEW YORK. February IS, 1920 a.m.-Cotton
onana duII and n shade easier
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
Trustees Sale.

by VIRTUE OF A DEED OF TRUST AID
ID the power therein contained. executed IS
me by William Elliott and John d, Elliott.
dated July 10, 1879, and recorded in the Reg
ister's office Of Shelby county, Tennessee, in
Record Book No. So. page 49,, having been
requested by the benefciEries in the trustto
execute the same, will, on
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1874-02-18
STEAMBOATS,.


For New Orleans.
Memphis and New Orleans Packet Company
For Vicksburg. Natchez, New Orleans and
all Bend Landings.
JOHN d. MAUD Noel, master
VXyILL LEAVE AS ABOVE ~. :.
w THURSDAY. 10th inst. at
For freight or passage apply to
j. I. WASHINGTON, Agent.
l45-147 ~ Madison street.
For white River.
Elliott Line Memphis and White River Packet
\Co.-U. S. Mail-For acksonport, Augusta,
West Point. Searcy, DesArc, Devall's Bluff.
Clarendon, Indian Bay, Concordia, Car
sons. Friar' Point and Helena.
LEGAL TENDER................E Elliott, master
r EAVES MEMPHIS WEDNES- IT, =
IL DAY, 18th inst, at 4 Pm; LRR
For freight or passage apply to -
JOS. ELLI0TT. Agent.
H4-l45 No. l Elliott block. foot Jetterson st.
For Helena.
CHEEK LINE.
MEMPHIS AND VICKSBURG PACKET
wi Company. For Helena, Friar's Point.
Napoleon and tho Bends. U. S. Mail to Ma
poleon-The steamer -
EaaEaUN Mark 6 A q Will. Master
Leaves MONDAYS and THURSDAYS.
.EssS~aN e.orvo G Moio w: CHEEK, Mo,tor
Leaves TUESDAYS and SATURDAYS.
"A clerk will be found at the big Red Wharf
boat to receive freight at all times.
For freight or passage apply on board or to
GEO. W. CHEEK, Sup't,
1851 No. 26S Front street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19
HSaysge saloon keeper-"Let's u!

&Savsge saloon keeper-"Let's lick her.
- In the Massachusetts senate yesterday the
ten hour bill passed by a vote Of IS tolls.
R-The Beverly Visitor says judges should not
mix theology with the liquor question.
50 A church in HsysvilIe, Mass, gives
chromos 70 enquirers At the mourners' bench
~Mscon, Ca, has started ladies' calico
church club.
Harper's Ferry.
doughnut parties"
- Tilman b. Farrow, while retur,ng firm, q
lrcus performance an BatesyilIe, s. O.. last
saturday night, was waylaid and robbed by
Two negroes, who made their escape.
Matt. Lynch, a veteran Californian editor,
having gone TO his rest, Mrs. Lynch Announces
aerself as responsible for all editorials, savage
md Otherwise, that may appear In the paper
sereafter.
ga Georgia paper says that IL won't be
onely young men Of me state can 60 out and
hook melons and feel anew the goodness OF ma
ture.
0Dorcthy williams, of wyoming. started TO
walk three miles 10 church, the other SUNDAY,
and they found her torn into about fifty plecee
the result OF meeting q grizzly bear Of low moral
character.
ga bill has been introduced In the Cslifor-
mia legislature TO prevent the wanton destruc-
ton Of game and nsh- Fish ladders are 10 be
constructed In the rivers over every dam more
than two feet In height, and the shooting OF
game ont Of season h prohibited.
- me Iowa house has passed Law prohibit
brandy, and ether strong drinks are slresdy
forbidden. The brewers, and many land ovpers
proposed Law.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

Mr.. Thurman said that under tue srecidc
charge made, the District could answer or not.
They were not compelled 70 answer, but for
their own comfort and ease he thought it b liter
that they should. He did not see why a man
indicted for murder, could not plead thereto.
until another one of arson was Joined with il.
He also wished all 10 understand that the com
mittee was not a criminal court, and the sooner
that impression was dispelled IL voId be the
better. The committee IL a committee Of Con
( aud.
TIE CONTROLLER ANNIHILATRs sYPHAX's
TESTIMONY.
Nr. Stanton fled with the committee a state
meht oil The controller showing the apple ALTON
of school funds since the new District govern
ment came into power. Also, letter from the
Controller showing that the money raised bv
SyFhaX on account of cOlOred schools was
eventually reimbursed, the bank advancing the
loan, by the new government.
AT half past twelve O'Clock the committee
took recess until ? O'Clock.
AFTER RECESS.
The committee reassemoled ten minutes past
two O'Clock.
A letter was read from Controller Baker
stating That there were no claims against the
old corporation for the building OF school
houses, except a claim of Hunt X Williams for
$1,000 for work claimed TO have been done
beyond the ir contract.
The committee waited some time for Mr. VIM
Bsllantyne, who had been requested 10 attend
as witness, when a subpoena was directed to
issue for his appearance to- morrow morning al
ten O'Clock.
MR.. BALLANTYNE EXAMINED.
subsequently, at half past two O'clock, Mr..
Ballantyne appeared and was sworn and exam
ined
q. We find among the District files a bill OF
yours against the trustees of public schools
paid in is g. for furniture; state the circum-
stances OF that bill. A. The trustees came to
me to consult about furniture before the school
building was completed. The positive order was
given after Governor Cooke came into power.
L had verbal understanding with the trustees
of pubic schools holding under the old
government. Governor Cooke signed the
final order in the spring of 1872
The furniture was all made before the final or
der was given. / act simply as agent for the
manufacturer of school furniture. He furnishes
me the goods at factory prices, and pays me a
commission OF 3 per cent; the furniture was
manufactured in Boston and Philadelphia; the
prices charged are net manufacturers prices
and were bought cheaper than they could be
bought to-day.
Q-WhO gave you the verbal order for the
iurniture? A.-The sub board OF the 18th school
district. On that order ordered the furniture.
which was nearly completed when / got the
final order from Governor Cooke; the furniture
L furnished to schools was usually on an ora
order. l obtained final order from Governor
Cooke, on account of the change OF the form OF
government.
AT twenty minutes of three O'Clock the com
mlttee adjourned until 10 a. m. tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

BRECHER ON SUMNRR.-A number of New
York clergymen alluded last Sunday in their
pulpits TO Charles Sumner. Mr.. Beecher said
that be died in the right place, though some
what later than the right time. Had he passed
away three years ago, not one ray would have
been lest, and many shadows would have been
avoided. No son nor daughter, he said, mourned
beside the bier Of the deceased, but tears rolled
down million dusky cheeks. He had lived
well. He had died we'll. He joined himself TO
whatever was best in his time, and now he was
with God. He held Official place unsullied. Once
be naively remarked: People speak OF Wash
ington as being corrupt. 1 have lived there
many years, and i have seen no corruption"
And he had not" said Mr.. Beecher, ono cor
Iuption dared approach him."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARYLAND LRGIsLA-
TUKR.-The Senate yesterday sustained Gov
ernoe GrOOme's veto of the Frederick CITY Su-
per Phosphate company's bill of Incorporation
and the House sustained the veto OF similar
bill Incorporating the Farmers Manufacturing
company of New Market. The uncOnstitu-
tionality of special legislation was the ground OF
both vetoes. Favorable report was made in the
Ser ate on preliminary bill to amend the con-
stltution and prevent members of the Legisla-
urs and Governors of Maryland from being
elected TO any other office by the Legislature
during their terms of office. The immigrant
bills OF Senators Earle and Stevens were both
practically defeated. The House passed the
GLOWING bills which go to the Senate: Amend
ing the election law so that one judge of cleo
ton shall always be Of a different political party
rom the appointing commissioners increasing
police captains pay from SO to $50; TO enable
aliens to hold and dispose OF real estate the
same as citizens. Several other bills were
passed Bali. Sun f,-d1u
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

CAPTURE OF AN ALLEGED MAIL RoBBRR.-
Captain John Frey, special agent or the Post
Office department, and his assistant, ID. Lewis,
aided by ". T. Henderson, special agent from
Baltimore, succeeded yesterday In tracing
numerous recent robberies of letters, &c,
from the mails leaving Richmond, Va, north
ward to Andrew Harris, (colored,) mail driver
for CARLOS express. He was arrested last night
by Capt. Frey, who found on his person four
;arge packages of letters. His room was
.eaIched and checks, drafts aud money orders
20 a large amount were found. The losses by
these roDberies aggregate about 500, 600
although most Of the paper stolen was useless TO
4 he robber.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

CUTTING AFFRAY AT FAIRFAX O. H.-A
desperate ARRAY occurred at Buffers saloon, at
e. Howard received q number OF serious
and dangerous wounds from Q knife in the
hands Of Lewis Cook. Howard was cut in
breast, the knife penetrating the lungs. Cool
was arrested and lodged In jail.--lierandria
Sentinel, 1sth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

COMMUNE BANQUET AND BALL IN New
IoRK.-The French residents of New York eel
ebrated last evening the third anniversary OF
the uprising of the Paris commune by ban
quet and ball. There was large attendance,
and among the invited guests were the work
lngm6n's committee of safety. Addresses were
delivered in French and English appropriate TO
the occ aston. The proceeds were devoted to the
widows and Orphans of the commune.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19
TKLEGRAMs 10 THI sTAR:
FINANCIAL PANIC IN mAvAsA.
Ss scs sses ., sssss.n Basht.s-sle

laptt0h.
Nkw YoRk, March is-From pr,v.,. .,x....
received from Havana, under date on No.
18th, the Cuban merchants In TITS ci,x 49,
learned that the commission DE Ia Denaa 49,
been engaged In an examination OF the ae.srs
Of the Spanish bank, and have ssoertsined m AZ
that institution has issued Sf0s 200 900 in psDer
currency, instead OF so. 90. 0lo which the hank
had ACKNOWLEDGED In their published statement.
and that their capital IL only 81. 0no,0no Ia hss
been further sscertained that the bass FOR thus
over issue has been q loan % the CAPTAIN Gen.
era OF les than go 900 .0o0 In paper Currency
Mithout specie 20 back up the notes I'm adj
uoh 70 TINS immense issue q very large quantity
OF counterfeit bills have been diScSyerei ana
that ." hs'AnA
sPECTs ~ GOING TT RAPIDLY.
Anu many persons are exchanging their chr
rehcy Tor real estate and buildines In sac
eIecuon OF the latter there has lately been vre.s
AouNuy, the owners OF paper money being f.r
more anxious 10 have property In huiidings fhan
70 hold any quantity OF the depreciat i1g cnr-
rency An EFFORT will be made 10 introssce
foreign specie into Cuba, - the eurreory 49,
rot been very successful SO far the s,,ecis -.
only gone into the ports and out again Ia f,rsI,n
trade. The discovery OF all these tar's the -,
ban letters state, hss thrown the financial .,oS-
dition OF the country into a state OF caaos. sns
destroyed the calculations OF al foreign mer-
chants trading with Havana.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

lQUoR ON ELECTION DAY.-In the report Of
the proceedings OF Washington county (Md)
court, on Monday, in the HsgerstOwn Daily
News, II found the case of the state against
Andrew X. Stake, presented for giving away
lquor on election day. Submitted 20 court:
Stake represents, in part, Washington county
in the present legislature, and the presiding
Judge, Alvey, administered . rePrimand In pass
ing Sentence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

Mr.. DUNN, who was recently appointed Chief
Justice of Arizona, was by some mistake cred
tied to West Virginia instead of Nevada. Some
OF the papers in West Virginia are taking their
Senators to task for causing the appointment of
man from that state whom nobody in the state
ever heard of.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

THK SENATE Appropriation Committee to
day referred the bill to authorize the Secretary
OF the Interior to use certain unexpended bal
ances OF appropriations EN- aiming on the books
OF the Indian Office June 80, 1875, to Mr.. Sar-
gent for examination and reDOrt,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

A COUNTERPART FIFTY CENT NOTE of the
latest series was received at the Treasury to-
day, the sender having already detected it.
The imitation is By no means a good one, and
very little scrutiny IL necessary to discover tn at
10 IL not a genuine note.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

ST. Louis, March lit h now stated that
the detectives killed by the Nounger brothers IN
~. Clair county, Tuesday, belonged To a party
VINO went from THIS city privately, en- the hope
OF capturing the Gad's nun railroad robbers
No further particulars Of the affair have been
received.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

COMPLETE VOTE OF NEW HAMPsHIRR.-The
Concord IN. HI Monitor, of Monday, gives the
statement Of the full vote of New Hampehire.
and says: These returns show that Weston
lacks GO votes of an election, a majority over
all the other candidates being required to elect
IN New Hampshire. The complete returns TO T
representatives show that the House will con-
tain l6T republicans and l78 democrats one
member elected by the prOhibitionists being in
this statement classed with the rennblicans
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

The WHITE HOUSE was visited by the usus
throng of callers to- day, and the President gave
audience to as many as time and his public
duties would allow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19

THE CHICAGO SALOONS TO BE KEPT OPEN
SuNDAYs.-A committee o. ladies waited upon
Mayor Colvin, of Chicago, yesterday, and en-
ueasoreo 10 persuade him to veto the ordinance
passed by the city council on Monday night al.
lowing saloons to be kept open on Sundays. The
mayor received the ladies with the greatest
Ioliteness, but firmly declined to veto the erdi-
nance, saying the repeal of the ordinance clos
Ing the saloons on Sundays was one of the main
issues upon which he was elected; that he had
pledged himself repeatedly during the canvass
to use his influence for such repeal, and he
could not now honorably repudiate those
promises,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-03-19
Opening Of the New British Partta-
ment.

"
loNrON. March i9.-Pariismrnt rcasss hle,t
o.day and the Queens speech Wa read Her
Majesty refers 60 the continuance OF friendly
relations with foreign powers. and allndes q
he marriage OF the Duke OF Edinburg A. a
pltdge OF friendship between two great en-
t'iTes. Warm praise is given Co the troops com
losing the Ashantee expedition tor the courage
ard endurance displayed in the campaign.
Speaking OF the famine In Bengal the Queen
says the Governor General OF India has been
directed 10 spare no cost % his efforts mitigate
tins terrible calamity. An estimate OF the ex-
Penditures Tor the coming financial wear will be
submitted Ia the House OF Commons liza mediate
". Measures will be submitted % Parliament,
which u i hoped will be found calculated "a 30
away With much delay and expense attending
the transfer Of land in England. Several local
matters are referred %, including the working
OF the act affecting the relationship between
master and servant; the act dealing with
OfeDses connected with trade and the law OF
conspiracy. In view OF the circumstances
made agsinet these measures Her Majesty
desires that Parliament before attempting
fresh legislation concerning them should be
IN possession of all material facts aud Of the
Precise questions in controversy. 20 secure
which che las issued her royal Commission OF
inquiry into the state and working Of the laws