New-York tribune., 1874-08-04

already source OF weakness further division would
few happy remarks closed debate by enforcing some
OF the arguments OF previous speakers anu uagng tr
chemists 20 TO Hartford in body ana apply ior
admission section OF the American Association.
There some little argument over the tnisnnoer t,
standing OF the President Of the meeting, VINO negccu
TO call for vote the original motion after calling or
the amendment Iae latter was was GairSd S % a
strong majority aud in fact the favor wlh when vas
regarded by the meeting had been IRON tnc 20 tlhis
eylneed hy the & r. seems ,crcey
open question that the chemists nave come 10 avery
sensible determination. , ,,-.,. - -,
address by Prof j. Lawrence smith OF Louisville NY
THE CESTURY's PROGRESS IN INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
The lecturer began by congratuating the audience on
the patience with which they had listened AL day 10 as
courses on chemistry But tho tale Of the wonders OF
that science was not nearly told, could II be II lho
whole week spent in telling 1t and celebrating lhe
centennial. Chemistry was an art long before IL was"
science as it has prehistoric date; but IL was
not till Prestey had discovered oxygen ana LaVosor
had the interpreter OF chemistry ana Daoh III
troduced the theory of chemical proportions tnat shen
stry became a trustworthy servant 10 lDaLk'nu "n"
chemical industries arose. -
PaTacesus, indeed rough species or retorner, pegtl
to the dignity OF the chemic art In tue sAtecn
century In anguage OF greater ~ 1Tce ore dav % he
Ae studied ppocrates Gen, and Anenne you tnH hat
yon "os Gges % o s but yssS, Sq 1og' oi & %d % p
Chemistry b tha: solves all problems Of phIooy p4iDo0t 'n
Yorf prince Gen l. IN hell you knew what be hal Et'n 20
ne NE rG Ta that P1 goa a. TSa S %if ' % pa.of, o. poed
moth to
God ard after nay del,h ny dsaPh VII gentlemen
speak me chemists; t1ey not lazy SET sn as l
clothed velvet AMI SILK Win nfi % 1el r
results; they DO frequent pac Of em1semeo GUY @ Of
time in iae laboratory ana wear S'''ea cO'H''' 1' " "'
PIPacess Was in his way a sort Of Luther and really
laid the foundation & Gd rsior nteTes Of the day
which have had their birth IN chemical scehce; ~ ~
France alone the annual yalne OF chemical pfouucts IS
over sl50COo OJO onehaf of which is included in the
mauufactnre sulpnurc acii soda. SOAP md rlnoer
and candies. Tie annual exports OF chemieal pIouuct'
from that country amount TO S2oOOOcC ..,. .o,,o
Viewing the chemical industry Of the century SOME,
discovered in 17Ii, first claim our attention. The
methods OF obtaining oxygen were then enuhera'eu,
heating chlOrae of potash, suphuric acld rue chola
of copper the pernanganate OF soda Nor must ie
seuardtiou from oxygen be forgotten lh ths
hdsty review. The most lnpOtaDt recebS u5c Vl "a -
Is the fusion OF large qnautiiies OF pa ~ LI,
alloy that metal with iridium being u ed III i1king
the standard meter for the use OF all European auu
American governments and 500 pounds OF the alloy De-
We are indebted to the Swedish chemist, Schece, ior
the discovery OF chlorine Ihc history Oh le ,
process was then given IN detail the Invention OF 9
chloride OF lime or bleaching powders DeiES It-dir" NJ
the greatest advance IN the history OI ch2IIhe' &
discovery chlOTofOrm alluded 70 OiehF, ahi lho
M chlorine mad RESUMED in tbe sale Of S1G0C0JO0J worth
of cottou more than would without 1t have been ay1ia
bic. vast proportion Of the mahuiacturi9 "t'i'4 %
England aud OF the stimulus to her coal ana IRON MUS
tries comes this source. Chlorine accOmDshes IA
a few hours the bleaching that formerly r,qui ca ~.
days. and millions OF acres wouid be requli'l 70 'itvt
by sun hine the bl aching work now performed pS
chemistry Those acres are 10" deVoteu 10 iisne oOu
for man. - -. -,
SIphuric acid ne now manufactured is an English IN
ventiOn. DR.. E,ehu OF birmingham maze tLc ntat
great improvements m the process Ale use % I'm iitl
pyres al this manufacture, when TIE h'h- Oi N'Pe'
levied PROM tive duty on the export :" sdlpui; "ts
great step IN advance sulphur hai riseh ion, 80 70
so per ton in consequence OF Tue RESTRICTION Ncti
French mines produce 7000) tons OF Wrtes anhu-
ally, and the lead chambers III Thlch thrlr sup,Ir
acid extracted nave capacy ot LCyJevJ SD.c & oet
Improved methods OF manufacturing ihe dcld are Io
time 10 time inyeuted. Tne DisulpAGe or carbon u'e'
principally in india rubber manniacture, Is among 'he
important derivatives OF sulphur.
The manufacture OF sofa (Shch has been described at
some length in The TRIBUNE wltIn Few m0nthD was
then discussed at great length ny the speaker L.Oanc'
threequartcrs OF century ago invented the pro-
still must largely In use ana that only IN very re-
MIA Iiethods died by his own hand IN the most aiJect
poverty and misery. Tue gradual reduction OF tue
tented gcaly IN tabular form. The use OF soda
in the manufacture Of soap ana glass constitutes the
most extensive Of chemical Industries.
% efnnds nv Which the desructIon OF forests TO pro-
cure That material has bcen' rendered unnecessary were
tue subject OF extended exposition. OXalic acd ANA
ne s'Inn,c ,cates were next considered The manu-
factnre OF s.arIn ana the various related processes
were considered historically. Ia France the auhuii
protufion of stearc acd Is 5lOGo)O pounds that OF
The rest OF irope, 20OVyJOJO; America, 2oOVJO Lac
process candle making was fully treated IN L!solcal
REVIEW Glycene OutgrOwth Of this manufactures
rginay product. and the destructive explosive
nitro glyceruc followed IN IFS tram lhIs reihHdcd the
speaker OF guncOton, and its powers ana properties
were forth including its solution Tor PHOTOGRAPHIC
use, assisting astronomical research ia pr0ylinH
the cOllodion hn All photography nas l.S or!bLh III
chemical research, and dependent upon II Tor future
Illuminating gas next called for consideration, and
gave an opportunity for the speaker TO bring smile "
the OF his auditors by pentlQnlng that Norhu
beraud though last home OF the greatest dscOyerer
OF gases gas works IN the town, kerosene DONG
duty for all IL boasts OF illumination From this SUD
ec the transition the coaltar products came natu
rally the discourse and some OF the main features OF
this manufacture were given IN historical ana teen
ncl detail No longer are the dyed fabrics OF tAe East
imported the cOatar cOlors are, on tho contrary sen
out to India dye the native cloths The invention or
alizarne as a chemical product supersedng that ex
tracted from nadder and returning TO use IN raising
food products the fields hitherto devoted TO the culture
the madder root was part OF the series Oh the coal
Phosphorus, its manufacture and progressive reduc
ton in price, and the resulting Industries especially
that match manufacture among the great chem
ca advances Of the century that had for their object
the smaller conyehenoes oi ennLAtioh. a ShSio @ ao @
tory now produces 100000 pounds or phosphorus an-
nualy Great improvements in the chemical treatment
of phosphorus have rendered the manufacture no
longer ceeterous to the health OF operatives and nave
materially reduced its dangers from innammaOiilty.
Iodine bromine sodium, aluminium, and magnesium
manufactures we're passed IN rapid review: and the
production OF medicines. particularly that OF quinDe,
was discussed. The metaurgic advances OF the cen
tury were briefly considered In summing up or the
whole subject under review the speaker expressed tue
hope that American chemistry would long repay TO
Europe the debt so largely due at present Tor e most
prominent features OF advance IN THIS science during
MEMORIAL TO LIEBEG.
At the morning session Prof j. L. Smith brought for
ward suggestion for subscriptions to the Lebig Memo
RIAL saying that this centennial is the golden wedding
OF chemistry the advances in agricultural chemistry by
Justus Iebg must be celebrated the silver wedding
He was a man Of universal renown; the very children
know his name. He is dear to us because he opened
school for young chemists and laboratory He took no
advantage OF their discoveries, but gave them full
credit and thus materially advanced science. To have
made Liebigs errors would have made ten men great
"Show me the man that has made no errors and will
show you one who Las done nothing" were his words
He is dear the chemists OF America well as OF
Europe and is proposed that subscribe what we
each individually aord-subscribe to fund toward
the monuments that be raised Liebig at Munich