davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
A Very short Time

A Very Short Time
Will elapse ere the Holidays
will be here, and now is the time
to look around for a nice Chamber,
or Parlor Set of Furniture, or for
beautiful Brackets, Rocking Chairs,
large and small, to bestow on loved
ones at home for Christmas pres
ents. Our readers are especially
invited to go to Emswiler's Block,
on Main, nearly opposite lift Bros,
and examine Messrs. Messick &
Dunham's extensive and beautiful
stock of every kind of useful and
ornamental Furniture. They are
selling cheap for cash.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

corrected weekly by n. w. Briggs and
Thos. Nestor. The former gives us the prices
OF grain, and the latter the prices of other
produce and groceries.l
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

country Dealers Can DO Better
By calling at A. e. Croker &.
Co.'S, for their Holiday Toys. ETC.,
than at Cincinnati. Their assortment
from which to select is very ex-
tensive, and of the best and most
attractive kinds. Go and examine
,, their stock and compare prices.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

A Man In Ruins.
One OF the saddest spectacles in
the world is a human being shat
tered and broken down by the use
of ardent spirits. But the damage
may be repaired, the ruia restored
to perfect soundness, by course
of that most powerful of all invig
Grants, Dr. Walkers Vinegar Bit
tiers. Beware of those ''tonics' of
which rum is an element. They
aggravate disease and promote
decay. 4O-4w.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

The Best Calendar Clock Made,
For sale at G. A. Dickinson's, 3O6
Main street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Get the Best
Soft Coal Burners, at Potts
Stove Store, Main street, No. $50.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Dress Goods.

DFeSS UOOsdS,
The largest and best supply in
the city, at James FORMERS, No.
| go Main street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
HOLIDAY Sale

Holiday Sale
Of Dress Goods, at George II.
Knollenberg's
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

M8cke Il Pollen,
At their FIFTY Cent" stand, one
door West of Lift Bros, the place
to buy your Hats and Caps-cheap
for cash. 37-2w.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
THE PALLADIUM
WEDNESDAY. DEC. 16, 1874.
County Omcers.

Judge of the Wayne County Circuit COur
.-John f. Kibbey.
Prosecuting Attorney of the Wayne Cir
cult COurt--D. w. Comstock.
Clerk of the Court w. w. Dudley.
Deputy--W. H.Lynde.
Sheriff-.Wm. II. Study.
De puty--Jseph l.. Smith.
Auditor e. NJ. Parker.
Deputy--R. II. King.
Treasurer--Joseph G. Lemon.
Deputy o. v. Lemon.
RecOrder--Jesse f. Jones.
Deputy --Ja mes w. Wilson.
County Commissioners--Andres S. Wig
ri ms, William Brooks, Jonathan Baldwin.
County Assessor Riley w. Anderson.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Enos Thomas, Richmond.
James NJ. Poe,
John W. Martin, Chester.
CONSTABLES.
Thomas McGir, Charles Seaman and b. L..
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

pies. We are fully prepared to make Gar
Inents at short notice, IN the latest style, an
at reasonable rates. 2 II
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Dress Goods
Ladies will do we'll to examine
the stock of Black Alpacas at Is
cents, and 40 cents, being the best
goods that has been offered in this
market. J. FORMER.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Wanted.
First class Western lands, at
low prices, for cash and payments
Apply to w. E. BELL.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

IT'S Meet
If our citizens want something
in the meat line, to go to Virgins
Bros, on Fifth street. Turkeys,
| Chickens, Fish-there now!
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Fresh Family Groceries
At John Peterson's Grocery
Store, opposite Richmond National
Bank, at the old Strattan Corner.
Fruit and Vegetables always to be
had there.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

The Finest and Rest
Assortment of Boots and Shoes.
in the city, at Estell Bros. No. ISL
Main street. Give them q call.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

HOminy.
Parties having corn which they
wish made up into hominy will d.
we'll to call at the Richmond Pear
Hominy Mills, on North Washing
ion street, this city.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Rest TEAS,
Roasted Coffee, California Can
ned and Dried Fruits. These are
the best goods, and always to be
had at Fletcher & Co.'S, 1873 Main
street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

All the Rest
Prints at 81 cents. Best ever
offered in Richmond for Z cents.
J. FORMER.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

OF the best quality, can be learn
ed by calling at John Peterson's
opposite Richmond National Bank.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Go to the Fifty Cent store
For your Ribbons Ruching and
Furs.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Parents. do not Fail

Parents, do mot Fail
To 60 to the Bookstore in Odd
Fellows Building, for Christmas
something to please and
| edify your children.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Pho Place to BUY

A new hat is at John Suffrins
the Hatter-at his old stand on
Main street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Ready Made
Clothing, always at j. S. Starr &
Sone's, No. 241 Main street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

t The 01lI and Kel1ADIe
Halter, John Suffrins, is the man
who has always the kind of hats
you need.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

In great variety, and the cheap
est in the city, at the Fifty Cent
| Store.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

A Very HanisOm Line
OF Cassimeres, cheap, at George
II. Knollenberg's.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

A COmPIcte
Revolution Stove, very supe-
rior article, at Potts Stove Store,
Main street, No. $50.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
City Omeers.

City OmCCfDs
MayOr-James Elder.
Marshal-LewisO 0. ShOfer.
CIerk--Peter p. kim.
Treasurer--Willlam y. Wilson.
Attorney--John s. Lyle.
Civil Engineer-Oliver Butler.
Wood Measurer-James NJ. Smith.
Market Master-David Bullerdick.
City Assessor-Lewis NJ. Baxter.
Street Commissioner-David Haner.
Chief Fire Department.. G. Dougan.
Police Board-Elder, Dickman, and Zellei
Chief of Police-ThOmas Atkinson.
COUNCIL COMMITTEES.
Board of Public Improvement Nye,
Peterson and Watt.
Board of Health--Dr. T. Henry Davis, Z.
II, johnson and Frank Pruyn.
City COmmissioneis--E.H II. Page, John II.
MoOrmann, w. H. Bennett, III. Ahaus, Jno.
L. Thompson.
Committee on Finance-Dickman, Nes-
tor, Rosa.
Claims-Land, Dulin, Conklin.
Streets and Alleys-Nye, Peterson, Zeller
Fire DepaFcment-ROsa, Zeller, Land.
Public Schools--Duiin, Dickman, Nye.
Markets and Public Buildings - Zeller
Watt, Conklin.
Gas Lignt--Conklin, Peterson, Dulin.
Printing and Stationery-Watt, Nestor
Railroads--Nestor,R Rosa, Land.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

IbOm't Free8e Your FlnkAfh.
But 60 to A. E. Crockers & Co.'S
and get a pair of Buck Gloves.
They keep the best in the city.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Remoyal-Hat store.

RemOval-HatS Store.
Ed. Dennison is again at his old
home, at the Northeast corner of
Main and Fifth, where he will be
pleased to be interviewed by his old
| friends and the public.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Picture frAmeA
At the Fifty Cent Store from s
cents to 81.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
On Franklin Street

Immediately North of the First
National Bank, is situated one of
the best Furniture Depots, in the
city-where you can purchase more
Furniture for less money, and of
better material, than at any other
Furniture Warerooms in the city.
Go to the Richmond Furniture
Rooms for Bargins, and you will
not be disappointed.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

ID. ID. MallOry's Oysters.
On Fifth street at Farquhars.
They re good-we mean the oysters.
Go get 'em!
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Have Won Tried

Have you Tried
Fhe doughnuts made at the
Quaker City Bakery: They are
superior to any made in the city.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Robes, at Virgins & Co. s.

Pianos and Organs
At 80 per cent. lower than any
other house in Richmond.
G. A. DICKINSON,
Opposite Old Fellows Hail.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Young Folks.
Males and Misses. can always
find the best of Books at Nichol
sons.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

The Best Stock
OF Ladies' and Misses Shoes, in
the market at Estell Bros
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Coffee
Roasted daily, at 1913 Main street.
Self Raising
Buckwheat Flour, at 333 Main
street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Bargains i'm Watches
And Jewelry, at No. 276 Main
street, at Fletcher & Co.'S.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
For EcOnOln ical

| Wood Burners, go to Potts
Stove Store, No. $50 Main street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Persons calling for these letters will please
say advertised" and give the date OF this
list. B. w. DAVIS. p. NJ
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Fire Brick. Cement,
Plaster and Lime, at Simmon's
Coal and Wood Yard, on Fort Wayne
avenue
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

The New Bakery.
Opposite the Court House, is
attracting customers from all parts
of the city, for the reason that the
lady Bakeress thoroughly under
stands the business, and everybody
cannot help being well~BREAD who
purchases her loves. For all OF
the various kinds of Cakes, give
Mrs. M. G.. Mikesell call.
Lap Robes, at Virgins & Co. g.
Buy one pound of tea
And get canister freE,
Main street 333.
Buffalo
Robes, at Virgins & Co.'S.
Ei0 pnnS and lbsRanS
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

From 25 cents to 81 each, at the
Fifty Cent Store-cheapest in the
city.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
The best Teas at the Tea Store

Fine Assortment
OF Jewelry just receiving, Also a
fine display of Silver and Plated
ware at No. 3O6 Main street.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

For Soft Coal Burners.
Go to Potts Stove Store, No.
$50 Main street
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Holiday Presents
In great variety. at G. A. Dickin-
sons.
A Full Line
OF the best quality Plated Goods,
at G.. A. Dickinson's.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

A Very Nice
Black Alpaca, at 40 cents per
yard, at George Ell. Knollenbergs s..
A Good
All Wool Empress Cloth, at AZ
cents per yard, at George H. Knoll
lenberg's.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

A Full Assortment
OF Sheet Music.
G.. A. D1CKENsot.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
Goto NicIoIson a Rr0.,s
Great Sale

OF Silverware at Fletcher & Go. s,
276 Main street.
Holiday Books,
Very choice, and very cheap, at
Nicholson & Bro. s, Odd Fellows
Building.
Dr.. j. E. Taylor.
At the City Drug Store, Hunt
ington House Block, has always
the purest and best of Medicines,
Drugs, etc.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
SEQ Has Raeks.

At the Fifty Cent Store for so
cents.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Smoking Sets
At the Fifty Cent Store, for 81.
Corn Flour!
Equal to Buckwheat, and costs
less than half as much. Try it.
For sale by J. R. Kenworthy, w
L. Farquhar & Son, Brown & Nor
ris
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

| Bargins in Clothing,
At J. Zeyen & Bros, No. 232
Main street, where just the kind OF
| Goods wanted can be found.
Go to Nicholson d Bros
For Beautiful Pictures, and fine
Chromos, and to get your pictures
framed.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
silver Sets,

silver Sets.
And Silverware at Fletcher &
Co. S, 276 Main street.
The Most Economical
Invention-the ''Soft Coal Bur
ners'' are to be had at II. J. Bar
gis', as we'll as all the latest styles
of Stoves, and every thing needed
to furnish q kitchen with cooking
utensils, etc.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

Lis. of Letters
Remaining in the Postoffice at Richmond
Indiana, December 10, 1874.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16

E,ALL AND WINTER, ls74.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1874-12-16
LIBERTY ITEMS.
Dec. 5, 1874.

The usual number of hogs have
been shipped from here this season
up to the present time. The average
was probably greater than at any
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1874-05-23

THE other day prominent railroad
man said to a correspondent OF II
Northern paper, that there was not n
newspaper in the state that couli not
he bought; that they were all ready to
he subsidized, and only played honest
when the price offered failed to over
top that of the opposing Interest,"
Houston Telegraph.
The above is but an extract from n
heightened article in the Houston Tel
egraph. We regret that the Telegraph
did not give the name of the "promi-
ent railroad man," that his name
might be Kissed through the teeth of
honorable men, from the Sabine to the
Rio Grande. We scorn to deny his as
sertion so far as the Dallas HERALD is
concerned. The railroad man does
not live who can say, without moral
perjury, that our columns have ever
been used for sinister purposes i'll the
interest of railroads. We have advo-
Gated railway enterprises on precisely
the principles of other matters calcu-
lated to develope the resources of our
country and improve the condition of
our people. Beyond that one control
ing idea, we have never gone, and
never will.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1874-05-23

lady, who has suffered much and often
from his abuse, and with whom she
has lived for fourteen years.
Oliver Hill was twenty-six years of
age at the time of his death, and uu-
married. He was born at Albany,
Ohio, ut which place his parents now
to be one of the most influential cti-
zens of the county, having held many
offices OF public trust. Two sisters and
II brother compose the other members
of the family. Hill came to Shreve-
port with the Atlantic circus, with
which concern he left his childhood's
home. Like many others who came
here with that establishment, he was
stricken down with the yellow fever of
last year, and was housed at Caroline
Whites, at which place he has '.board.
ed" ever since.
Having no trade nor any certain
means of support, he drifted into the
society of men whose calling is to prey
upon the purse and person of strangers
and 'flats," and he himself seems to
have attained IL proficiency in the way
of life-that of the fakir and roper-in.
He was possessed ola liberal education.
A man of good address, with pleasing
manner, he seemed to have faculty
for gaining the confidence of travellers
and strangers. With all his faults,
Hill had some good traits of character.
He was strictly temperate, was never
known to use protame nor obscene
language, nor can it be said that he
was of u quarrelsOme disposition. Had
he seen fit to have used his energies for
good, he might to-day have been an
henOred member of society, loved and
respected by all who knew him. For
bad he used them, and to-day he sleeps
beneath the sod, in the grave of a
murderer.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1874-05-23
InLnAIllPnln MlRkETa.


NrW OmENNa. MW 2l.--Coiton IT,
regular aHd demand rtlr. NIiddllnl
upluud-, 100 low midlllng, lDiGgood
Ordlnnty, ljlc; ordinary, l33c.
EScInngc iiGt il!; bank, Is; sight,
! premium.
Gold, lgifll2s.
LIVERPOOL, May 2l.-Cotton n shade
easier. Uplands, SD; Orleans, sgd.
GALVESTON, May 2l.-.Cotton easier.
Good ordinary, lGc; middling l7,c,
Hides-Dry ordinary selection 49,
G1lSsG damaged half price; wet, sailed
selected, sG8ic.
Gold H.!
NEW YORK May 2l.---Gold opened al
l2l; closed at l2s.
Cotton dull and buyers holding of.
Mlddling Orleans, 10 Lice; middling
Alabama, IS7-lGc; middling uplands,
lSsr; low middling, II 7-l6c; strict
good ordinary, II 7-lGc; good ordinary
lG 7-liic. ordinary 10 3-lGc.
Exchange, 0OGG0l; sixty days, S7GGSS;
commercial, sixty days, S4l@SG.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1874-05-23
THE FIRST LOAD

OF new hay came in yesterday, so aro-
matte in its rich odor, that it was COB.
bled up before the wagon could reach
the business districts. Speaking OF
Texas hay, it IS demonstrated fact
that our native grasses in this region
of country furnish hay as rich and
nutritious as the best western timothy,
clover or herd grass. During the last
three winters immense amounts ofthis
hay have not only been used here, but
for two winters profitably shipped to
Houston, Galveston, Jefferson and
Shreveport. From personal expert
ence we can speak of its value, having
used it successfully with both cows and
horses. Even for mich cows, as a
winter forage, we have it excellent,
and so very cheap that all may use it
with profit. This season thousands of
bales will be shipped from Dallas to
the cities named above, and probably
to New Orleans.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1874-05-23
--7---------@---7-77--- :
THE SHREVEPORT HORROR.

The Times of Tuesday gives the fol-
lowing particulars of the hanging OF
the two men, Jones and Hill, on Sat
urday night, q short mention of which
we made yesterday morning. ltseems
that Jones made - Confession before he
was hung, tina 30 did the killing. On
Sunday morning 81 jury was impair
nelled by Coroner Poland, who, after a
thorough sitting of the matter, returned
q verdict that &c. I. Jones and Oliver
Hill came to their death by being hung
by parties unknown, the night of the
10th or morning of the 18th day of
May, 1874"
"During the excitement OH the night
of the hanging" says the Times, "the
prisoners in one of the upper cells of
the Jail cut a hole through the insecure
walls, and by making a sort of rope of
their blankets, ten of them made their
escape. Thurman, one of the prison.
ers, refused to fly, and said that he re-
manned because he feared he might be
caught and hung. Most of the escaped
prisoners are supposed to have made
their way to Arkansas and Texas"
The Times gives the following fur
they particulars: '1t 5000
81 On the morning after the hanging,
all was COZ, fusion. On the floor, near
the door Of Jones' cell, lay the broken
af. xxyf,i nt.
zZrnced that cosy reoss. Near by stood
the iron sxle of an old buggy, and
sticking up In an empty barrel were
the handles of siSdge hammer snd
cold chisel. Under the stairs lay the
ropes which had assisted the s,eilants,
and on the wall near by hangs ne
clothes Of the murdered man, Elliott. 7
A dismal place, withal, rendered the
more so by the surroundings.
Louis Sevaiiep, the first witness for
the prosecution, went TO District Attor- |
ney Wise, on yesterday, and stated to |
him that he did not tell what he knew |
about the case while he was on the
witness stand, because he was afraid l
that in csse Jones should get free he |
would kill him. Sevalien then said
that. in reality, he was present when
lne Silooliie eoOh P'oSS, .. y. biiiOtt
was playing cards, and his brother pro-
tested against the play going on; that
svhss, .Ie pulled out his money, the
deceased snatched 1t from his hands.
Jones then stepped up to the murdered
man, grabbed the money away from
him, and put 1t in his pocket, remark
ing that no one should stop game in
his house, at the same time declaring
fhat the game should go on Young
Elliott started toward the door, when
Jones caught him by. the collar and
erked him around. Elliott then made !
a motion with his hand toward his I
eost ~ II 70 get hold of his arms,
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1874-05-23
latnMllllnn.h lrnria-

Nll l0y w1 nil mInt tl' ceuHmDt ttflI
WW ufnuIe hunNn af.i.u Df pls.InF ~
trrutlpgon mIiliuurDIlrulu riu0h hosca.
tllt nGnl about ilr iDpl'ii NJ ihH sn.ul'
dnfltcmIla'.l wiiutiH rHrHg. lfih.w rn
pbsttu'tDb HHIiuHu ouHtrsi u thry veto
seated np, No.. come 1utuo' would boo drilt
H. e. ono III the provinces ar li1slai'rr't st0m.
ncli uiltHH ~ kDrp tho nuplriiCiul escape
pipes open, ms wen ti those iir!,r oxcrctoy
organs the bowels, 'fho stomach aud tho
Skin gympaihize, and n ~ through tho sioin.
ach that The Blttorq act upon the cuticlc,
hopping II moist, elastic oud uncovered. The
famous vegetable inylgorant Is q marvellous
medicine; no other preparation known con-
talns such u variety NJ curative and prcscrya-
tive elements, or acts, ut tho same time, In
such variety Of beneficial ways. In dSs-
pepsIa II strengthens the stomach, improves
the appetite and controls tho liver; In fc cr
and aguc, IL breaks NJ the nts; In cases Of
physical prostrnton, II is literally Vital
snCcihc,