davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
For the VERMONT FARMER.
A FEW WORDS ABOUT ROADS
MOrristoi0n, June 27.

An item in the last FARMER, announcing
the severe injury of child from being
thrown from q carriage while crossing
"bar" in the road, prompts me to write
few lines about the construction OF those
necessary evils. A ride by any wheel con-
veyance up and down our hills will show to
the observer great diversity in the manner
of constructing bars. Now and then may
be found those which are made as they
should be but much oftener can be found
those which are constructed in such an un-
workmanlike manner as to be serious im-
pediment to comfortable travelling.
Bars can be made to answer all the pur.
poses for which they are ever made--with
perfect ease-so as to cause no "jolt" to the
carriage whatever,--hardly q perceptible
rising of the wheels.
The road should first be put in good order
above and below where the bar ia wanted,
Then not less than two good carloads Of
solid dirt should be dropped in the middle
of the track. Now comes the only trouble
in the matter--that of shaping the pile Oi
dirt so as to have bar that will throw wa
ter from the road efectually, and at the
same time allow the easy passage Of wheels
The bar should be shaped something like Z
harrow, with the point upwards. There
should be no sag above the bar, with
gradual slope below, with just rise enOugl
where the carriage wheels strike to sen'
water into the ditch.
If it is necessary to send the water acrOs
the road, the bar Of course must be mad
somewhat differently. In that case ther
need be no impediment to easy passage. Th
jolt often canes from sag above the bar
This is wrong; the road should be even
where it strikes the edge of the bar. The
there should be no more rise than is require
to send the water across the road.
NOrthfsld, June 2S. ID. T. A.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

London is now in telegraphic communiea-
tion with Brazil.
The American people are emphatically
reading people. Our population sustains a
larger number of newspapers by probably so
per cent. than any other people OF like mum
Der on the face of the globe.
Republicans and democrats have suffered
about equally from desertion to the independ-
ent party in Illinois. Counties in the north
ern part of the state which have usually gone
republican by majorities ranging rs high as
three thousand are now expected to elect
independent candidates, and the democratic
counties in the southern part of the state are
likely to show an equal change, Judging from
present appearances.
If every person owning farm were care
full to regularly take one journal devoted to
his interests and those of his family, il would
net only keep the younger branches from
seeking amusement from questionable
sources but add to the general stock OI
knowledge; the help on the farm would be-
come more intelligent workers, and the next
generation would us far outstrip this in real
knowledge OF agricultural art rs this one ex
ceeds the farmers of two generations ago.
A good story is told OF Sir Hugh Allan, O
Montreal, owner Of the Allan line of steam
ers and principal proprietor of the steamer
Lady of the Lake on Lake Memphremagog
The Presbyterian church in Montreal wher'
Allan attends wanted to buy $4,000 organ
The clerk set out upon tho arduous task o
circ ulating n subscription paper. The firs
man encountered was one Dow. and the bes
Mr.. clerk could get out of him was that
he would go to Hugh Allan and get him Il
subscribe he dow would give as much a
Allan would. Foriiying his courage, Cler
besought Allan and urged him to be liberia
rs he could get as much from Dow. "Wha
did Dow say ?" "lle said he would give q
much as you would" Allan has too muc
humOr in hIm to miss practical joke II
don't cost more than one or two thousan
dollars, so in about ten seconds Allan wrOt
his name for $1,000, half the cost Of the ol
gan. Dow, who was by no means candi
date for the poor house, was as good as hi
word, but from that day TO this he doesn
allow Hugh Allan to say how much he sha
give towards church organs.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10

distant school, with pompous air read the
Declaration Of Independence, or Illuminated
his college learning and spread the eagle to
please the gaping crowd, and whispers OF
"How smart passed through the crowd,
while loving mothers cast wistful glances at
their stalwart sons, and pointed them to the
speaker as one for them to initiate. And
what said the stalwart sons Their thoughts
we're easily read in the flush that como and
went and the FIRE Of the eye as they COM
pared their broad brown hands with his, and
in after days these thoughts came swelling
upward, surging like the incoming tide.
The squire grew restive and warned them
to be steady and attend to their work. The
minister in holy horror saw them doubt the
divinity of his calling, and pass him without
due reverence. But they struggled
on. Knowledge was their aim. Schools
and seminarics sprang up as by magic, and
from their halls came forth the bronzed sons
aud daughters of toll, with glow of intelli.
gence that told their souls had been touched
with living Goals from the alter Of classic
lore. And sir, such as these formed the
farmers clubs, aided perhaps by few Of
those eccentric minds. The farmers felt the
power of knowledge and the benefits of social
intercourse. At this important epoch new
order appeared, secret in organization, ram
flying through every part of the social sys-
TEN, diguifying labor, and making it honora-
bic. The farmers saw it and approved 1t
spread as by magic, and none could say nay.
Like the star Of Bethlehem it taught the
wise to respect the humble, and the lowly
were lifted Up. Becoming masters Of the
situation they grappled with fraud and vio-
lence. Grasping the pillars Of our social
system they shook it to its center, and the
spores of corruption and fraud fell to the
ground. And now friends, Patrons, your
advent was at an auspiclous epoch in the
progress of the uprising laborcr. 1t wa'
like summer morn, giving new life ant
vigor to the cause. Pass on. Your merid
ian shall spread the light Of intelligence Ovel
the whole land, and in some distant genera
tion your setting shall be like the setting o
an autumnal sun, sending its gorgeous ray
over hill and vale, meadow and forest, Great
ing a panorama Of loveliness and beaut.
wondrous to behold.
Sir, stand here the representative Of
generation passed by. Shaken and scarre
by the storms of more than threescore years
willingly l lay off the armor and yield tn
| struggle Of progress to younger and NOR
, vigorous hands, and can say "Now let m
, depart in peace, mine eyes having seen thu
desire of my heart, farm labor made honord
Bile, and the law givers and rulers chose
from among the tillers Of the soil.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
CHURNING.

In the Mich Zeitung, published Ia Dant-
zig, Germany, the following conclusions are
arrived at from experiments made by Mr.
Peterson, to determine the causes affecting
the yield Of butter, viE
The churning of whole milk is, as a rule,
little known, 1t is, however, often resorted
TO IN Holstein, where cheese is not made.
The general mode Of procedure is self evil
dent instead Of being skinned. when it is
ripe enough, the whole Of the milk is worked
in the churn.
All the experiments have made to deter
mine which method yields the most butter,
have been in favor of churning the whole
milk, when other circumstances have been
equal.
To obtain the greatest amount Of butter,
in churning cream, it is necessary
LIST. To be in position to control the
temperature at all times of the year.
%. To be able always to perform the
skimming at the right time.
3d. Such daily supply Of milk as will
yield enough cream to allow it to be churned
bafore its yield of butter is damaged By
standing too long.
These conditions cannot be complied with
10 all dairies, and the less so the smaller the
establishment The greater number Of dali
ries depend on three or four cows, and the
yield OF butter is often considerably lessened
by the cream standing too long, owing to the
quantity not being sufficient to churn.
lu churning whole milk l always proceed
as follows:
Tho evening milk Of one day and the
morning milk of the next are churned to.
gether. The former is placed in tub di'
reCtly after milking, and the latter added to
it the next morning. In summer the milk
IL allowed TO stand, at most, two feet high
! in the tub in the winter about q feet. In
! very hot weather the morning milk is cooled
down to l69 or 20e Il. before it is added to
the evening milk. Under these circum
stances the milk is nearly always ripe fol
churning when the evening milk has stood
36 and the morning "A hours. The temper
ature Of the milk when being churned shoulC
be from . to 10 Il. warmer than wheI
cream is churned.
The churning itself should be hurried a
little as possible; since the butter globule:
become more widely separated in milk than
in cream, rather more time is needed fo
them to collect.
,lsIn ohurning whole milk there is an in
crease in labor, owing to the necessity fol
more frequent churnings, but this is far out
weighed by the other advantages resulting
from it.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
Stutk Raisima.
HoM. To BRING COWS TO THE
!. HIGHEST PERFECTION.

Much pasture land is wholly unfit for
sach culture as to make it proper for now
ing OF green and soiling cattle. Some H
land is too remote from the barns, and above
all, labor is too dear to allow the practice
with the means at the command Of farmers.
When laud is very dear aud well adapted to
the necessary grass crops, also labor cheap
and abundant, soiling will pay well for in-
stance in England, Holland and Belgium.
shall ever remember day with Count
Fellenberg, in Hofwyl, Switzerland. He
had large herd of about sixty cows, tho
largest and finest have ever seen. If
COW at five years old. in June, would not
yield 80 quarts Of milk daily, he sold it as
unfit for his purposes. Milking took place
at 5 p. M, II m. and a. m. The cows
never grazed, but we're soiled. He had,
among other resources, peculiar kind OF
pale, broad-leaved grass, Of very rapid
growth, very juicy, and greedily eaten by
cows. Ho was moving it for the fifth time,
in the latter part of September. 1t stood
then about one foot high, perhaps IA inches.
The grass was carried to the stables in
light cart drawn by donkey, to avoid pack
ing the soil. The liquid manure was filled
into hoeaheads mounted on wheels with tires
foot broad, aud sprinkled over his grain
fields. Thus he had increased his farm
product 6ve.fold since purchasing the farm.
The Ceunt had none of the modern silly
talk about "waste Of tissue" by the exercise
Of cows or humans. lie knew that exercise
was necessary to the perfect health of both,
and was careful to provide it. Every COW
was broken 10 labor, and all the farm work
ON the 200 acres Was done by them. saw
the noble animals drawing the plows and
harrows as strongly aud as tractably as does
the patient OK. Howbeit, by noon lone Of
the milking hours). they were swinging their
shack legs" around their great distended I'D
ders, As they wended their way from work
to the milk pals.
No COW was allowed to work more than
half day in "a hours. l was assured
that the important secret Of this wonderful
success in COW culture lay in the work
which developed the full powers OF the
stock. Said the old gentleman, Breeding
mares work, aud are all the better for it
Our women also work, and 1t is to them also
9 benefit. Why should not cows 7"
There was no mere theory in this, but the
real practical wOrking.-D. II. Chase, ia
Neso York Witness.
We once broke pair Of heifers and used
them for work occasionally until they were
I or 8 years old They made an exCellOn
team, were as large or larger than theil
mothers, and stronger, for their size, thar
oxen. Half a days moderate work in 2
hours, with good feed, We think never mad
any perceptible difference in the flow o
milk, though once in while, when they die
hard days work, there was NANTES
falling off, but such cases seldom occurred.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
SONG OF THE GRANGERs.

Why does the farmer, once highest In station,
Now rank the poorest Of all sons OF toill
Let him arise from his deep degradation
And be once agnin the proud lord Of the soil.
Justice shall triumph against every dangeri
Justice is with us! Who will not say;
Success to the farmer success to tho granger
Success to the change that is dawning to-day !
Those who opprcss him are strong in their union
That is their secret, that is his cure
Lot us unite then in honest communion
Not to defraud, but our rights TO secure.
Justice shall triumph, &c.
A Just distribution of wealth in the nation
This is a boon each American Graves
We should bo first in the dreams realization
Whore none are masters none should be slaves.
Justice shall triumph, &c.
Who can be willing to toll on for strangersi
They idly rich, we dustriously poor
Rather let every man join with the grangers-
Justice shall reign in our country once more.
Justice shall triumph, &c.
Man cannot prosper apart from his brother
God has ordained it-tho lesson is sent.
We must unite to assist one another,
Strong in the union of interests blent.
Justice shall triumph, &c.
"Paith, hope and charity''-this be our maxim.
Faith in each other, hope in our cause,
Fldelty-thrOugh every cause that distracts him,
Let each be true to the grange and its laws.
Justice shall triumph, &c.
Justce, neglected in halls of the nation,
By the side Of the farmer takes her last stand
In him is her hope and hor last expeetation-
Let him arise for himself and the land.
Justice shall triumph, &c.
-BsHe MdrioW Wheeler, in Rural W0Th
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
"WHEN THE COWS COME
HOME"

Many Of our farmers have wasted years
of valuable time just because they did not
teach their COWS to come home at night
Any one who has lived or travelled in the
country will remember the familiar Oo-bos,
Co-bos of the farmers son or hired man,
as he endeavors to coax the COWS from the
great pasture. Wehave had little experience
10 these matters and we'll remember how
many times we have waded through the
brush and bOgs looking for the cows, and,
boy-like, we thought thom dreadful contrary
animals. But We have lived long enough
to learn better, and now tkink that the BIZ
ped was the more contrary animal Of the two.
Boys, we will tell you secret that will save
you great deal OF trouble, and it is this
Every time the COWS are driven up at night
or in the morning, give them q good lick
of meal or bran, and our word for it the
COWS will always be on hand at the milking
time. Besides this, they will give more
milk, aud forget to kick over the milk pail
even il you do whistle little too loud
American Stock Journal.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
USES OF RAWHlDE.

The skin of an animal, whether COW, calf,
colt, or horse, that dies on the farm, is worth
more at home than at the tanners. Cut it
into narrow strips, and shave off the hair
with sharp knife before the kitchen fire,
or in your workshop, on stormy days and
evenings You may make them soft by rub
bing. A rawhide halter-strap an inch wide
will hold horse better, and last longer, than
an inch rope. 1t is stronger than hOop.irOn
and more durable, and may be used to hoop
dry casks and boxes, and for hinges.
Try it on broken thill, or any wood
work that has been split Put it on wet,
and nail fast. Thin skins make the best
bag-strings in the world. A rawhide rope
is good substitute for chain. 1t is val
liable to mend broken link in trace.chain.
For some purposes it is best to use it in its
natural state. For other purposes It may
be dressed soft.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
GRANDMOTHER GREY.

Grandmother Grey by the window sat,
And looked at the setting sun,
And watched the cows as they slowly came
From the pasture one by one;
Aud back again to the "long ago"
Her memory travelled fast,
While the dim eyes closed as she lived again
Mid scenes of the happy past.
''Lot me see,n she murmured 'ah, yes, know !;
1t was there by the pasture gate
That Robin, with milking-pail and stool,
For my coming used to wait.
1t was just a week of our wedding-day
That he fell so sick-and died
And laid my heart in the grave with him,
And loved none other beside.
"But, all 1t was for my fathers sake
That welded Farmer Grey,
And we've both been tender, and true, and kind,
As the years have slipped away.
But wonder much when the hour comes
That my soul be called above,
Shall I, as the wife Of Farmer Grey,
Seek Robin, my only love"
And the sun went down In the golden west,
And the cows came safely home,
As Grandmother Grey by the window sat,
While her thoughts seemed yet " roam.
But the angels eame for her waiting soul
While the twilight shadows fell,
And Grandmother Grey, the farmers wife,
With Robin had gone to dwell.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
WHOLE NO. 1873.

plants which will overshadow the sorrel, and
thus check its growth. 1t is popular idea
that the application Of some substances will
act as a poison to certain plants, and as food
to others, but tho notion finds little to sup
port il in science or Observation-Disclosures
E~rt0er
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10

A writer in the Ohio Farmer says l
see in late number of the Ohio Farmer
sOale ono asks how to make cream chuFn
easily. / find but little trouble now by
having the cream at about 629, and add .
lump Of alum dissolved in water, hot or
cold. For three gallons Of cream II will re-
quire piece rs large as hickory nut u
will not iDjure your hutter IN the leNst'
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10

An exchange says there is much distress
in Eastern Canada owing TO the failure Of
the crops. We don Z know where tho inior-
nation came from, but We don't think there
is much of famine there yet from tho
failure of this years crops, and those OF last
year were certainly good ones.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10

The Journal of Chemistry says of oleo-
margarine: at keeps longer undecom-
posed than butter. When fresh, it is u
wholesome substitute for real butter, and,
if not brought into the market rs butter, no
one can reasonably take exception to its sale"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10

A Texan four years ago bought sow and
four pigs for IS. branded them, and turned
them loose, and enjoys the distinction of be-
ing the "hog king of Texas"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10

A large number OF hogs are said to have
died, recently, In Warren County, Ky, irom
eating the Canada thistle.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
General AarituLture.
CLOSING WORDS

OF j. p. Foster, Esq, OF PassUIapsic, Ina re-
spOnss 10 a Toast at the Farmers Picnic
at st. JOhnHbury, July 4th.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-07-10
RsnOvatIng Grass Land. =.

WhsrS msadOws are run down Or the
grass bound out and il is not desirable to
plOw, the following course is pursued; Soon
after haying, the ground is thoroughly hAr-
rOwed, all distractions TO the moving ma
chine removed, One-hAlf bushels Of grass
seed and clover mixed, SOwu to the acre,
by u, NJ. sunderland's improved sesder
aud roller, which does the work perfectly
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-06-06
-------- -~~~w~
THE SARToK rs FAMILY
[From the Boston Gl,obe.l

1T is a curious fact, VIII Gil wv
have not seen noticed in connec.. 'oi
with the Sartoris family, that thu
father of Nellie Grants husband
was the person who conferred upon
Mr.. Geo. Jones the title which he
has made so familiar ofthe Count
Joannes. This Mr.. Sartoris, who
was. familiarity called "Counto
by his friends at dinner party at
his house In London, at which Silk
Buckingham and others We're pres
ent, dubbed George Jones, who,
we believe, was then an actor at
one of the metropolitan theaters,
with his now famous title. The
whole affair, though q piece of
waggery, led to more serious conse
quences than its authors dreamed
of. In the document presented to
the Count Joannes, it was set forth
that "theo right to confer this title
was derived from member o. he
Sartorious family who was enobled
by Charles V. as Count Palatine
of the Holy Roman Empire, one
privilege of the honor being that
its bearer could create one count a
year. When the Count Joannes
contested his libel suitin our courts
he produced this document as eyi
dence of his tide. Mr.. Sartoris,
who was written to by the defend
ants counsel in reference to the
matter, having declined to answer
the letter, Mr.. Motley who was
then at Vienna, obtained permits
sion to search the archives of the
ancient Empire for evidence to con
tradict this claim The result of
his researches, certified by the nee
essary officials, showed that no
Count Palatine by the name of
Sartoris or Sartorious had been ere
ated by anybody, and that.no such
familyalegally in possession of this
title was in existence. There was
a Sartorious family in Rome in the
olden time, but the last member of
it ennobled received his title in
1892, and that being in personam,
became extinct with him. These
facts, while they do not negative
the dignity and antiquity of the
family into which the Presidents
daughter has marriea, show that it
does not now. posses any titular CIV
idenee o. The nahilitN-shieh- has
been claimed for 1t in some quar-
tiers, that honor being only an, nm
cestral and remote one.
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-06-06
. WEST VIRGINIA.. s. ,1,URDAY, JUNE 6. 1874
SEAS0NABLE FOOD.

The Wholesomeness of food de-
ponds nearly as much on the time
it is taken as the quantity. We
have grown so luxurious in our
physical as we'll as mental tastes,
that we are cons ntly tempted to
eat things out of season. Yielding
to the temptation, as we often do,
we pay the penalty, soon or late.
in temporary or chronic derange-
ment of our health. The meat
which is excellent in cold, may not
be desirable in warm weather; fish
is best during spring and early
summer; vegetables and fruit are
nutritious when they are fully RI
pened by sun and season, and not
artificialIy ripened. Nature knows
what she is doing; she furnishes
for every latitude the production
fittest for such latitude. We need
variety, not SO much at one time,
as from time to time. The delica
cies of season will not hurt us, but
the delicacies out ofseason will If
long continued. The appetite so
jaded as to crave oysters in July or
strawberries in December, needs
careful correction by the adoption
of the simplest habits. The palate
naturally relishes what nature has
near at hand. AS a rule, not only
is the simplest food the best food,
but the most seasonable is, in the
long run, the most appetizing.
There is no difficulty in determin-
ing what we should eat, since the
products of our climate show us
plainly month by month, Fish,
flesh and fruit, by their plump
ness, tenderness and fipeness, them
selves denote when they are to be
eaten. A sound stomach will
profit by whatever an unspoiled
palate enioys.-,Scrib32er'