davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
THE ORCHARD.

Again we urge the wisdom Of thin
ming severely the load Of fruit under
which thetre are bowed down. by
removing one-half, the remaining hall
will be worth far more than the whole.
The thinned fruit need not be wasted.
1t can be psed to advantage in the hog
pen.
Remove all suckers, so appropriately
STYLED the "robbers" Of fruit gardens
Do not allow pears to become 'dead
ripe" before pulling. When they can
be easily detached by hand, gather
them and put them away on shelves
in dark room, taking care not to al
low them to touch each other. They
will thus ripen perfectly. The same
directions hold good as to free'stone
peaches. Clings must be allowed to
become quite ripe before gathering.
Wage war Of determination against
all fruit-destroying insects. Now is
the time, before they intrench them
selves. Summer pruning as already
recommended in our June number,
may be continued, combining it how
ever to side shoots and suckers, SO as
keep the tree in proper pyramldal
shape, and give the growth the right
direction.
Cut down the old wood of raspberry
bushes. Cut off all strawberry run
ners except those intended to make
new plants. Make arrangements for
canning and drying all the fruit
you can spare. There is no more
profitable industry on small scale
than canning fruits. 1t is a reproach
to our common sense that we, having
the finest fruit in boundless supply,
should let ii 90 to waste and then send
to the North to buy canned fruit for
use in winter. Let us can our own
fruit. x Farm and Home.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
Bedding for Cattle.

It was a common remark Of Mr.. Asa
G. Sheldon, of Wilmington, that oxen
would do better to travel twenty miles
day and rest upon a good bed Of
straw or other litter that is soft and
easy to stand and lie upon through the
night, than they would to 60 only six
teen miles, and lie upon bare hard
planks at right. Mr.. Sheldon proba-
bly, had as much experience in teaming
on the road with oxen as any other
farmer Of his day, and to this long ex-
perience was added an uncommonly
close and intelligent observation Of cat
tie, and his testimony is, therefore, Of
great value as to the efficacy Of good
soft bed for working cattle.
We allude to this subject now for
the reason that where cattle are kept
for farm work, they are at this season
kept constantly in the yoke through
the day, and often very hard at work
from morning till night. Many farm
ers have an idea that now that the
weather has got to be warm, the oxen
do not need the bedding which they
were accustomed to supply in winter.
But we have little doubt that Mr..
Sheldon was correct, and that oxen
will be capable Of doing one-ffth more
work, where they are properly bedded,
and do it with less wear und tear, than
where they are made to lie on hard and
uncomfortable floors
If you have not straw or oats or hay
to give them in sufficient abundance,
get some sawdust or tan bark, or some
thing of the kind, and use it freely
three or four inches thick. Sawdust
is pretty good absorbent and retainer
of liquids and useful in that way.
Sand is good for bedding. ~ Mass. Piotc-
man.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
I-7 : : I-7
THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

The vigilant and proyident gardener
will find plenty to do this month in
addition to destroying grass and weeds,
He can transplant cabbages, tomatoes
and egg plants for use in the fall when
less careful people will have done. He
can make his second planting Of Irish
potatoes which will mature before frost
He can plant English peas and have
an abundant crop Of delicious green
peas in the fall, selecting rich spot,
spading it deep and pulverizing the
soil, laying of the rows eighteen inches
apart, and then covering the bed with
straw foot deep. The peas will come
up through the straw, will require no
sticking, and will bear abundantly. II
onions have not been pulled, it should
be done now. When pulled, dry them
in the shade and put away in strings
or nets in dry, airy places. Cabbages
may be sown for a full crop, also turn
fps and snap-beans. Melons for fall,
and cucumbers for picking may be
planted now. The early varieties Of
corn adams Early, may be planted
in the first week Of this month, for
late roasting ears.
Carrots, parsnips, satisfy, beets, etc !,
should be kept carefully thinned.
Should the weather be dry and hot,
mulch the growing vegetables, the
abundant crop will well repay the labor.
Look out for green cabbage worm.
A sprinkling now and then with land
plaster or a mixture Of wood-ashes and
saltwill destroy the pest and benefit
the cabbage.
Now is the time to gather sage, mar
ioram, thyme, etc., and dry carefully
in the shade for winter use. Those who
will take the trouble to plant for full
garden will find what comfort it will
be. and will never fail to secure it in
future years. Farm and Home.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
Storh department,


1t is very important and by nc
means a settled question, whether
(other things being equaD large o.
small cows are the most profitable. II
is not question between different
breeds, but between large and small
animals of the same breed.
The following experiment, made in
Germany, has direct bearing on the
question, so far as the production Of
milk is concerned. It does not neces-
sarily apply with reference to the pro
duction Of butter. -Four Dutch cows
were selected, two heavy weighing to-
gether 2, 112 lbs. } and twol light (weigh-
ing together 1880. The two pairs
we're kept separately, but they were
fed exactly alike, each receiving as
much green lucerne as they would eat.
The actual consumption of food, by
weight, was recorded every day. AT
the end of sixteen days the following
results appeared:
1. The weight of the animals was
unchanged.
2. The heavy pair had consumed
1921 lbs. Of lucerne, being IA 6-10
lbs. per day for each 100 lbs Of their
live weight; while the light pair con-
sumed 1850 lbs, or 16 lbs. per day
for each 100 lbs. of their live weight.
3. The heavy pair produced 272
quarts Of milk, or 81 quarts per day
for each COW, while the light pair pro-
duced only 1872 quarts, or 6quarts per
day for each.
4. The heavy pair produced s quarts
of milk for each 100 lbs Of lucerne
consumed, and the light pair only 5
quarts. .
1t is to be remarked that these ami
mails seem to have been enormous feed
ers and very poor mixers. We would
like to see report Of a similar expert
ment with Ayrshires in the same con-
dition, as to pregnancy, etc. -Amert-
can Apicalturist.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
IS ortirultute
For the Farmers Vindicator.
HORTICULTURE.

The creation Of beautiful object i
certainly a great fact Of which any 0
us may be justly and honestly proud
Few Of us possess the talent to transfer
and perpetuate on canvass, or IN mar
b BILE, the glorious hues and forms O
nature, but the lowest and humbles
can raise flowers, which Solomon, in
all his glory, could not have eclipsed'
Why does not everybody have have a
sVerbena, Geranium, Fuchsia, or some
other flower in window, if they dc
not own land enough to plant a garden.
They are very cheap, next to nothing,
if raised from a cutting, and Of small
price if purchased from the florist, and
there is companionship in them, as
we'll as grace and beauty.
Flowers sweeten the air, and rejoice
the eye; they link you with nature
and innocence, and are something to
love. If they cannot love you in re-
turn they are not Indifferent to you,
for though they are all beauty they
possess no vanity, and living as they
do, to do you good, and afford you
pleasure, you should not neglect them.
There are few dwellers in the coun-
try who are so destitute as not to be
able to indulge in love for flowers.
The garden may be Of the smallest
size, a mere tiny circle, and it will
often be loved the more for its small
ness, and receive the more care and
attention.
BALsAMs OR ToUCH-ME-NoTs
Have all lately become exceedingly
double and of every brilliant hue, and
are greatly improved by pinching off
the side shoots, and allowing only the
stalks to grow; or the main shoot may
be left to itself, and all the strength of
the plant thrown into it, producing an
upright stem loaded with gorgeous
chalices of bloom.
Manure water will increase the size
of the flowers, and thus grown they
make splendid show, L,
Jackson Miss, June, 1874.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26


DRY EARTH FOR BEDDING. r
Giddings, of Illinois, saves the ma
nure, and adds to the comfort of his
stock by using dry earth in the stables
To do this he fills stall or large bin
in his stable during dry weather, with
pulverized clay, and scrapings, or com
mon soil. With this he covers the
floor of each stall three inches deep,
and then places the litter for the ami
mails bedding on it; by this means all
the urine will be absorbed, and its
wealth of nitrogen saved, and such is
the absorbing power of dried earth,
one three-inch flooring will not be so
thoroughly saturated in long time as
to require replacing. He says his ex-
pertinent required but one bin of pull
verized earth to absorb the urine Of
ten or twelve cattle during the stabling
season, and that two men with team
filled the bin in one day. One ton of
the saturated earth is worth more than
the same weight Of even fresh-saved
dung. The aggregate amount of plant
food thus saved from the stalls is fully
double, and in much better condition
for use.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
FErDINe Fowls. Do not keep food

| FEEDING Fowls. Do not keep food
always by your poultry, because, if
laying fowls, they are made too fat,
and if fattening ones, not fat enough.
To fatten poultry, feed three times in
Itwenty-four hours all they will eat,
and remove all they leave, and they
will eat more than when cloyed and
disguised by the constant presence Of
food. To keep layers in proper con
dition, feed twice or thrice daily a reg
ular ration, but not as much as they
will eat. Some say feed as long as
they will run for what you throw to
them and eat grecdily, but that is not
right; for they will get too fat unless
they are laying freely. They will
show eagerness about as long as they
can swallow, and will scramble for
what you give them until in their ri
valry they stuff and cram themselves
week after week, and become mass
Of fat, and yet they will still act at
feeding time as if they were halfstarv-
ed. Feed your regular laying stock
moderately, and be governed by their
state of flesh rather than by their
greed. Take few fowls from the
perch at night occasionally to test their
weight, and little practice will enable
you to quickly decide on the condition
Of the flock. Increase the ration as
the yield Of eggs increases, and 50 long
as the laying keeps pace with the diet
you may give rich and stimulating
feed in any quantity. Feed the select
breeding stock more sparingly than the
rest Of the layers, so as to give only
moderate yield Of eggs for Matching
purposes, for if you promote great pro-
likeness in the parents the result will
be weakness in the progeny. Chickens,
during the preiod Of their rapid growth,
should Be fed very often, with vari-
ETY., and all they will eat. While they
are growing, there is no danger Of over
feeding if they are fed frequently and
allowed perfect freedom. american
Agricaltarist.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26

HORSES FEET SWELLING. On this
subject, the Prairie Farmer says; eff
swelling is accomplished by heat and
tension Of the parts, and more particu-
larly by cracked heels, then mild ape
rients and fermentation is a good be-
ginning; but where any haccidity ex-
lists, stimulants and tonics we nave
found the sovereign remedy. Take of
powdered sulphate Of iron, one ounce
and half; powdered gentian root, two
ounces; nitrate of potassa, one ounce;
mix and divide into twelve powders,
and. give one night and morning mixed
in cut or soft feed, with no more water
in the feed than will keep the particles
together. Feed the animal generously
and well, and give little exercise
daily"
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
TTIE FARMERs, vINDICAToR.

The fall crop is the most profitable
of all potato crops, and easily made;
and all that is necessary is a little ex-
perience and care; it not only keeps
morey from going out Of the farmers
pocket, to buy inferior seed, but It
brings it in by sale Of good seed. The
Early Rose is the best Southern potato.
It has improved and is much better
than it was the first and second years
/ tried it. There are great many
seed sold for Early Rose, that are
worthless. The vitality of the potato
is in the first sprouts that come on it.
j. w. i.
Midacay, June The Goth, 1874.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
HOW no RAINE ONIONN.

MAJ. WALL: BY your permission,
l will give through your valuable pa
per, my plan of raising onions. First,
l prepare the land by manuring and
pulverizing it thoroughly. / then
plant my sets leaving just space for the
onions to grow to good size and cover
the entire surface of the ground. After
planting the sets, | cover the entire
surface of the bed or patch with fresh
cotton seed, about one inch deep,
smoothly spread on. The onions will
come up through the seed, and no fur
Their cultivation is necessary, as the
cotton seed prevents all grass or weeds
from coming up. If any of the Pa
irons will make note Cf this and try
the plan, when they see their crop
grow, they will be like Sancho Panza
was by the man who invented sleep,
they will bless the man who invented
the plan of raising onions without cul-
tivation. Yours fraternally,
P. M. GATLN.
Canaan, Benton, Co., June 8, 1874.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26
SpouINe HoRsEs' FEET.-It Is q

Spelling HORSES FEET. 1t is al
most impossible to get a horse shod
without having the frogs cut away.
All veterinary surgeons, all horsemen,
all leading blacksmiths, agree that the
frog should not be pared one particle
not even trimmed No matter how
pliable and soft the frog is, cut It away
smooth on all sides, and in two days it
will be dry and hard as chip. You
might as well cut off all the leaves of
trees and expect them to flourish as to
pare away the frog and have a healthy
foot The rough, spongy part Of the
frog is to the foot what leaves are to
the tree the lungs.
Never have red-hot shoe put upon
the foot to burn it level. If you can
find blacksmith that is mechanic
enough to level the foot without red
hot iron, employ him. The burning
process deadens the hoof and tends to
contract it. If you do not think so,
try the red-hot poker on your finger
nail and see how it will affect the
growth Of that.
There are many other important
points in shoeing horses, but these two
are of more Importance than all the
rest, level to the apprehension Of men
not skilled in horses, and the two most
disregarded. Mirror and Farmer.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26

THE ROSE APHIs. "A perfect rem
edy for plant lice on the terminal shoots
of rose bushes is said to be found in
the following: Take four ounces Of
quassia chips and boil them for ten
minutes in a gallon of soft water.
Strain off the chips and add four
ounces of soft soap, which should be
dissolved in it as it cools. Stir well
before using, and apply with moder-
ate sized paint brush, brushing upward.
About ten minutes after, syringe the
trees with clean water in order to wash
off the dead insects and the prepare
ton, which otherwise would dis6gure
the rose trees.-RsTal OdroIinian.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26

ScAB IN SHEEP.-The following
ointment should be applied, by parting
parting the wool and rubbing it into
the burrows from the head to the tail,
and about four inches apart: Tske
lard, or palm oil, two pounds; oil of
tar, half a pound; sulphur, one pound.
The two latter ingredients being grad
ually mixed together, the former
should then be rubbed down with it.
Tobacco water is another remedy which
has been found effectual. A pound of
common tobacco may be boiled in
about eight gallons of water, and tho
roughly applied, the skin being first
well cleaned with soap and water.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26

The old gentleman who spent for
tune in endeavoring to hatch colts from
horse-ches tnuts is now cultiyating the
eggplant with view to raising chick
ems from il.
The farmers' vindicator. (Jackson, Miss.) 1873-1???, 1874-06-26

Take care of your business when
young, and it will take care of you
when old. Follow your business close
ly and it will lead you to honor and
wealth.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09
Baltimore Cattle Markets.
[ By telegraph for THE Agss. |

CATTLE SCALES, Oct s, 1874.
BEEF CATTLE.-Very best. Sig 10 6.3S medi
UNI to first quality $4,000 S4G3. Ordinary thin
Steers, So IS 90 400. Sheep fair to good shcared
S4.75 % $3.50. Lambs, $500 "a $500. Hogs,
$500 90 1000. 500 "a 900.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09
THE EGZS.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1874.
Teachers Association.

The Teachers Association of the Fifth Dis
trict, met at s. No or Sylvan Retreat, on Fri
day evening, September 25th. There was small
number Of teachers present, but each one did
his duty, AS they should on such OCCASIONS
The audience was both large and attentive, and
appeared to be much interested in the proceed
ings, which were as follows:
The meeting opened by an address from the
President, J. NJ. McNabb. Subject, "Eucour-
agemcnt to Teachers" "Thc best method of
teaching arithmetic" was then illustrated by
ii. o. Stokes, with class. After the usual re-
marks and criticisms, "The best method of
teaching Orthography' was given by Is. f. How
lett. The association was then favored with an
address by j. Martin McNabb. Subject "Obect
of Teaching" Mr. McNabb gave the teachers
very good idea of the subject, but being limited
in time, he could not express his sentiments in
full The association then adjourned to meet at
School Number Three or Rock Hall, on Friday
evening, October 9th. This association was or
ganized short time after the close of the "Teach-
ers' Institute" at Havre de Grace last November.
During last winter they met every two weeks,
and in summer at longer intervals. Such an
association certainly is beneficial; but we have
not heard of any such existing in the Sd district,
which was to have met ut Bel Air, in December
of 1873.
We would appeal to the teachers of said dis
trict to try and organize Teachers Assoca
ton, which will be productive of much benefit
WANDER.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09

CLASS 41st.-SEWING MACHINES.
For best Sewing Machine-a first-class GER
tificate.
For I'd best-a second-class certificate.
DISCRETION pPENIIUNIS
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09

Premiums will be awarded for articles of
merit, for which none have been specially
offered and other Committees who find such
articles in their respective Departments are
requested to report them to the Committee
on Discretionary Premiums
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09
RATES OF ADMISSION.

Persons ON foot, on horseback, OF in car
riages, 20 cents. Children under 10 years of
age, Is cents. Each horse, 20 cents.
Servants, not exceeding two, in charge of
stock, will be admitted free
Holders of not less than two shares of stock
in the society will each be furnished with a
ticket which will admit themselves, the te-
males of their families, and boys under six
teen years of age, during the Exhibition
Holders of one share of stock will each be
furnished with single season ticket, not
transferable, which will admit the said holder
only, during exhibition. Any holder of a
Family Ticket permitting other than men,
Der of his family o.use it, will forfcithis right
to enter the grounds without paying the usual
charge of admission
Tickets must be procured from the Agents
or Ticket offices of the Society, outside the
grounds, as no one will be admitted with
out ticket, and no money will be received
at the Gates.
II. HARRIS ARCHER,
President
d. Nj. SIREETT, Secretary. sep1S
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09
For The AgiS e. Mtclligencer.
Hartford County Sunday School COnyen-
tiOn.

The Sunday School Convention held in OAR
llngton onTuesday evening, September Goth, and
Wednesday, the 3Oth, was grand success. The
Convention was in charge of Rev. II. c. Smeltz,
State Superintendent of the Nd Sunday School
Union, and was well attended from its COM
menement to its close.
Rev. b. f. Clarkson was selected President
and Rev. Geo. L. Scott Secretary. Hon. Jno.
II. Price, VIM. B. Hopkins, and VIM. H. II.
Whiteford were elected Vice Presidents
Rev. Uriel Graves, of the Lutheran Church,
Rev. Mr. Rudisill, Of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, and Rev. Mr.. Fulton of the Presbytcri-
an Church, Baltimore, were present and did us
most excellent service. Rev. Mr.. Graves really
surpassed himself and held the large audience
spell-bound with his eloquence
Prof. Harry Sanders, of Baltimore, had charge
of the music, and was in one of his happiest
moods,
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1874-10-09
Religious Services in Bel Air and Vicinity.
SUNDAY OCTOBER II 1874

Methodist Episcopal. Bel Air, 1917 a. m, Mt.
Zion, p. M, Rev B. +. Clarkson.
Dublin, 1O14 a. m, Mt. Vernon, 3 p. m, Rev.
ii. c. Smith.
Protestant Episcopal St. Mary near Emmor-
ton, II n. M, Rev. W. f. Brand. Trinity, Church
vile, II a. m. and Z p. m Rev. E. A. Colburn
Grace Church, Darlington, 80 p m, Rev. E. A.
Colburn.
Presbyteriaa.- Bel Air, II a. m. and Z p. m.
Rev. Z. ID. Finncy. Grove Presbyterian Church,
Aberdeen, II a. m. and ~ p. M, Rev. D. X.
Campbell. Franilinvillc Presbyterian Church,
Every Sabbath, at II a. m, Rev. j. P. Carter.
Roman Catholc.-St. lgnatius, Hickory, every
other Sunday at 1917 q. IN.
Christian Church-Dr. j. R. Crane, Pastor
Services every first day at 1917 a. m.
=. A. n Chnrch neutrality-suspicious. for Sept.
9th, and Goth, Perrymansville, II A. NJ, and FL.
iott's School House, So p. NJ
18th and 9th, Aberdeen, II A. NJ. and ~ p. NJ.
Bible class every Wednesday evening ~ p NJ.
j. c. SEDwICK, p. G.
FdHston Presbyterian Murch-Every Sabbath,
at 3P. NJ.
Prayer Meeting in one of the churches in Bel
Air every Wednesday, at ~ P. NJ.
Observation-Disclosures 10 O'Clock, a. m.
Rev. Alonzo Michael.