davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1874-11-24
TIE SLEEPIN G-CAE QUESTION,
INVESTIGATION BY THE BENATE TRANSPORTATION
COMMITTEE.


From, Our 0un Correspondent.
WASHINGTON, D. G., Nov. q, lB74.
The Senate Committee on Transportation, in
tbeir report inst published, devote considerable
spaco 10 tho joct Of s1oeping.oar1 in relation
to the expenses Of railroad companies. Tho
conclusions arc that the Hleoping-oar companies
arc questionable advantage to the railroads,
and TINT tho chsrges for tho bershs are OK
cesaiye.
atH. q. q. BLANCHARD,
Second Vico-presdelt Of the Erie Railroad
Company, IL tho cousae Of his Testimony made
the following stuto,neat:
think that All these rarnaites which attach Them
arc Of nestionaSo adSansasc to lbs iairoal tonpa.
ies themselves. Thp result Of tho transportation OF
alcepng-cara has been TINT all this orh1entatlon uul
Eunipt0usesa hat you observe In thu interior and in
tue running Of these aH becn obtalnc1 at to
pcnse Of tie railroads. 1irxt by tue Weight
igh 1atcu Of soe, aud rs incIting slmlar ou1sys il.
day cars In tho nh1t place, believe in the railroad
camlmuy furni:htng such facilities ns they may be
Abln to do fer all tho travel e charging, Instead OF
companies, n'odersto amount for .uo same facilities
for slecpingcueh from New York 10 Ptssb,irg ihan
tho Filth Alense Hotel would enrgc for board for an
entire das % wlsTe YIN w. u Il; sSry1nt r. REQUIRED to an-
aud that Of iteir ouga. to Hhnw thu urue profit TINT
they have Tis eharges ar, r. our aagnent, exoes
ns,,hi, 'o s Is ,nnifS c A"e NC "e'''e'
Mint snyn i,ecn t1ls Inducements herctoforc for
msSEt,r tMuan cuntracts nu lurnrly3 A.-Mnin1s tha
fsc hst lin u,rtirs otcrr ~ ,ats tfcka rontr,cs
hcIds IL, natrnts which ,sero wo niaI excInsiyc
tnn,ncIiio,, us rerinrc} flint hn L,fa f:onnanv for
souiI aya ~ ouains, r.. sSt ri n1,d inn
rsa,is' W.s,is cnsi " fasc, Ind rmfnrt for H.
1esbenpcsY a1.d when It triod to got those, these
patents stood in tho way of Independent slccpngcars.
Q-Are yo,lr s!atementa about sceri..R-eAta appic-
a6e substantially 10 craving. room cafs also A.
They are practically tile same thing Tue charges for
AHnS mad rIHkLh
fhnsa fSr ajeennr, ,roar1rss
Wnat n tEn exnana,lou Of tho fuct that In thu
drawn, roo, rnrs If voa no tn corufn noi,st INV
s Win rh,tr ~ t1c rntt and tc,, van rrn"1, thny.
, 1874-11-24

-.
loft nothing for the u miles hal On tho b. Paul
load. As the latter Company fe!uaoa 70 do!ivnr
tllo lumber without CONTAMINATION Tor ther sor-
slcGH, a'1it WAS brought to recover puseesalon.
The caae was carried to tho stato supreme
month. Tue Court held that. where freight Is
carried by Two or moro roads. tho Iato anuas oe
computed tue same ~ though earfloa npo" ,''s 1ne
ROAD roau aug, "itllo,,t oxplicitly aeann19 v "nas sa
Woulo pe propor davislon they eay W IT. n.o
aware 81 np sthlnle wn1ca asaumeo 70 B'Fo sn1
Wholo ifo1ghe 20 one company and thos ,oompo'
!no tiH otn0E 10 lenee1 sorvieo wthoIt eonpoasn'
,soH H. H. 9Io o1 tno opIn'9n tnat Slo rol .s cas
!oIa ~ slo !!gnes. fate or !Iekus tnat eaa 'n"
, 1874-11-24

% I'll ys,r sn, ~Sss s1a ss ss water % IL %, e
harmony llas exsatcl between tho un!tei stacs Et-
Rlncer Department and tho authorities of thts State
to v,a ae # ef tAs 1lliao. nyey. u so
ton tlo compiesion of this important work fully ono
year snd Ill my Judgment, It will hcat suhsarva tho
bo.h Tue United States md the staia ooSernmons.
~ remain, your moat obeslion1 servant.
u,., JosErn UrhEY. Canal Commissioner. (
ock1oSd Il n MIacSmb. Engineer Department., u g.
SovhnMoA ,'a You Will l,y tie ineltscd ADVERT
decided 10 use 40 nel Of tls apropl suitn Of Sl0o.
ooo made BY The aat Congress for ii. improvement It
foundation for TN loc At coiperas orcrk t,s ssynp
tne sta'e M one ysas IN Tine sud IN money
weFown ay aud iarna or1st wof1 r. ~ d0
guarantee Tint Tho work w'll 10 oas II tho nost i
sery4ns, JosErn u1IEr. Canal oom1nlsao,ier.
mltls E1cel|ency John L. DeverldGs, Springfield ILL.,"
o o usd saos I nRnasr pus pasraoat TIM a1s'u a
t!o auhortcs Of ,tla State of 1llnoiA In adopting
rlana for the Improvement Of the lIlinois River.
0oo securing foct Of water ii tl,o cannel s'anco
MlcaIgau ca1.al with tile 1llinols l.lvor.
atfAteu tAns tne improvement Will accomplish all that
It's most arlont supporters have rrodlctcd,
The Legislature Ut lis last aosBion made an hrpro-
praton Of s430 600 from tho net reve1uo Of tho cAtal
and river improvement for tho construction OF another
ock and dam at tllo mouth Of Cupperas Greek 10
| utlea hollow tue ollo at Henry,
In answer to yonr third interrogatory, I
| would sny: Tho louks In tic Illinois Rycr
below the canal not being bnt under tbs direc-
on Of Government engineers, but being built Of
| stze recommended by United States Government
Engineers, and Of suileiont cainc&y for tho passsgo
Of gut,-boats nnl much urger nnd moro expensive
than Is reqtiro for the Ordinary wants Of tho COM
| ncrto Of tie State IT Illinois.
10 your fourth tntorruSatory tho fail Of tho Illinois
River frnui Las lflo 10 tho mouth Of tho river Ills.
tsnco Of 2la miles, Ia luk 70 feet und inches.
It will require but three Mors loclA md dams
nalans hyo III all, to co,nlcte tho Improvement,
IL mako slacE-watcr navigation through tho enti.t
lengI'. pt tho river, giving feet OF water In the
clmnnel ut ali scasuna Of the year.
In answer to your nth, although very desirable.
do not focl authorized TO any that tho State Of Ilino
will at 1eAent enargu Tho canaltocls 10 tho s!zo p
tbs locks III tho tiFor increase tho dcph Of tht
canal tn tho sa1c depth that will 10 ohained tn tbs
| r1yer whom tho improvement Is roml1eted.
III your Af1th, ~ to the effect Of the Illinois 4
| Mir1lgnn Canal aud Illinois River in reducing
trelgs on competing railways, by referring 10 tit
following tabs sou Will thora thut the canal has
v0ry nare a. decided influence III reducing charger
| on conpetlng railways:
, 1874-11-24
ILLINOIS Il MICHIGAN CANAL.
REPORT or JOSEPH UTlEy. PRESIDENT OF TIL
BOARD OF CANAL COMMISSIONERS.


trom Our oun Correspondent.
NAsi1NaroN, q, 1874.
Tho following letter addressed to tho sonate
transportation Committoo by tho Hon. Joseph
Uttoy, ono Of the Commissioners Of tue Illinois
t Michigan canal, is printed in tho report Of
that Committee which has just boon publis4ol.
BoAnp or CANAL CohMsa1osgnn. rEEsfpESTsl
OtTtoE u1xua, ILL.,, March 7, 1874. :.
SIR IN Etqy u Your lAtesrosatorles under dase Of
This length Of the Illinois & MchIgan Cannf, from,
tue Chicago lyer to tho ILLINOIS River, at La3as, IL
nlnety-Bix miles.
Tbs canal Ia I'd feet wide at wntersracs and a feet
wide Mt bottom, with untiurnt doh Of leot, with
the exception of the su,aslt, 1t tic nurshesu eud,
which III nbout fect deep.
There aro fifteen iouks with total lockago Of 145
feet, descending from Lnks Michigan 10 tho 1llnoIs
RlvGr ut La Sale.
The sze Of the chamber OF tho locKa IL 100 foot long
BY IL feet Wide, admitting boats Of l60 tons burden.
TAo tot4 cost Vt ths c4nal sS4s57 ,69l.aa. Ths
expense of maintenance, amount OF tu!B, and number
of days of navigation for cach year, for the last
twenty 2Ve yoleH, stated IN tho annexed table:
, 1874-11-24

Now York woro Of any practical acoount to the
roople, Of the interior. As theso 1ines were
fG", 'sn they ss could oaay combine on h!gh rates
tie lakes. All that was necesaary was
for three or four s'Ttailway Kings " to mcet to.
gethor At Saratoga, drink fow Gasltots Of clar1-
payne, p and FIX ttilugs" by placing rates at tho
sg, eg9s1 IL oaqrs1s m hy g Ihs the
mercial monopoly occupied by Now York.
What THO country wants to do, therefore, in
order to dofont these oncrous railway-cnmbfnn-
tons, is to anlash this metropolitan monopoly.
Aud this. l bog leRye to eny, Is already being
handsomely dono, With every prospect Of evont-
ual complete sucoosn,
; PHILADELPHIA.
Ile City OF Brothcrly Love has long beon only
=. A.elcepsrg borough on tbe road to New York.
Ihe magic Of progress has recently walked up
now improving very ranidly Is fast becoming n
Eonuinoly-metropollsn city. Whit is Of most
Importance TO lhe people OF tho inlorfor is, thoro
IL now woll' established line OF steamships reg
uIarly plying betwoon Philadelphia mud Llyor-
pool. They carry .many passengers and largo
whofeot, New York has bogun to shriok, nnd tho
Interior has cause to rejoice.
THE DALT1soRR'A OHIO RAILROAD.
But tho great event 10 recent cohimorcat hia.
tory. in which tho people Of THO Interior arc most
Interested, is the completion OF tho Baltimore l.
Ohio Railroad to Chicago. THE TRIBUNE llas SO
fully aud trlthfully treated Of tho Importance ut
this ontcrpriHo to Chicago aud the Northwest.
that l need only rotor to It. may tale space to
'sas, however. tlat tho fRets co,snectea
'shcrowith are powerful Illustration Of
tho truth Of nv position III to raii-
way-conpetition, and Of the orTonoousuoss Of
the oppoBfng opinion. I may add, tllut, when
one comes 10 examine all tho facts bearing uDon
th's'point. md to cxanine the aubIacs in ali its
length aud breadth, md hofght and depth, llo
hc VIII i'nd the .sa.net truth eyerywhero ma1ii-
teslcf. He will find, fur instance, that, in Nov
Times sB al,lcl. rs they o In tue Northwest, pas-
ssngcrlates aud (rciEht-tariffa arc noveltholoss,
considerably lowor, absolutely wl.oreas, but for
30 'ligher. . liz viii lid there is not q
wheh VI, 4, :, . nov l,aa choice q railways
Soneea @ un uasa a ths 1 gte11 lay
stepped IN and destroyed a'l tho just advantages
OF q Inv Of trudo.-th6 universal Inv of tho
value Of competition. Rssert that the railway
ntatisticn Of tho world fully, justly ana proper
y studied. will show such roaultH beyond diapnto
by any mind ontitlcd 70 respect.
TO- tho commercial cenlro Of the interior will
j bring tho truth practically Eome TO all tho poo
pic. aud that In most gratifying manner. All
the farmers OF tie COUNTRY hro Mt this
moment reapng tho Icnefits Of railway
computition.- competition beyond tho Ordinary
pnwtts Of combination. aid likely to be pernu-
neut. But, oven II It should not 20 provo oven
Establishments Of tho New Yurk "a Kings, and
firmly belieyo ho will not-still nie trutl. viii
remain. Composition will open through line
to Norfolk, another to BoBtun, another to Port
land mud those whicl, obey must faithfnli, tho
irrcprcsBblo anti unlTcranl la'ss Of trade viii ba
, 1874-11-24

The seventh interrogatory. Tho coss CT construct.
ing tue three additional locks and dams to complete
tho whoie asnIe for tae improvement Of thu Ilucin
River caaunt excyed the Of 81 400 9oD. to which
should he added ta cost Of tic additional necessary
dredging, say, $lfQ,V
Ths comparatively small expenditure OF money Re-
cures channel Of feet deep and at lraHt 200 feet
wide the wnlo length of Tho river, from Laaio to st.
Louis d!Stanco uf 1!3 nli:o3.
Eighth sntersosntory. Tbs tizs aaopted for tho
locka for tbs Improvement ct tho utMufs River $50
feet long, bc.wc.n tbs Entes, nr II fret wic bt,It
Of cutstont nssoury in thorough and substaatial
matlller
Ntnlh inerroyatory Tho State has made no fur.
thor appropriation for the ,mprovennt Of tho Illinois
River beyanL what IL required to soMp.e.u tho loc
and dam At Copreras Crock.
In conclusion, will ely that tho navigation on tho
1lsNos River ia yrsy unreliable be!ow thu loek ana
liam now constructed oil account Of tile numerous
bars Witch ostrucs navigation during tho season OF
low watcr there is not over feet Of watcr on tho
Lancaster Aas. mid nj tho mouth Of Gopperas Greek.
JOSEPH uFtEr, Canal Commissioner.
TO the Hon. William Wntlom O!lnIrnan Of the S3lats
Committee Gil Trnnsr rortation.
, 1874-11-24


.,,,., .,,,, ,,,or ,h,,h n. ,,r. no. or.r.
pah'es ahh tho ffeteIn ,,uc. m @ s SaIs 9ro nFer
ateu. a. may nt o. sotS.cg .t ~ S ~ hs as
FeSuH'Hen VI lno 9euesa' y; ,
:, ta toplynRt j. hecn.s sat ~ .a ne ~ ~. u'ey ~
~ . q .9s 'paI am Wc ouo 10 sue n
iaasioh 81 tns uonluanY, 'n thr . , ~ ss ,s. ~
organization as s remedy !ogsther wh IL ia susn Me!ao
& ~ aa m , a H." asistinu rnat,ons IN ia
ra;i's. as "e 40 'o' - 'Do
az ~ IT, IT, Xd Xoni ao'o; ~ lila ro,try trhs
~. tsw o. 1ne !Gaas ~ .,sn ,os part rrno IA ~.
.ugn nsta .t rrsmpomSnt snl a"mnlrtmenta
Tov Teos ,ncr yarety Of naents
an tsnriv"i ar;na ,oyces vhieh h,1 nnt Gccn
norfccte H. c1ne9snce and. In many instances
nrdinnrT MISUNDERSTANDING were siiiixei. They ecrvei,
nmawar5 ~ as1ua ill., tarsnr ni,ic tn ;ha n1ist
Inn Wan. Ind demonstrated tbe nocess}ty Of somo.
tl!ng better r,r,ov.r .onans, n ~, ro.,. =,
thc rSdlwav ron, panien owni,.r tnn, nnI r,oro nm
spteJ 10 ts necessitics Of ths trsyc On onu ljncs
rhny sora nisnv nssif to crcotnmnritta ,oca rnvci
anS n NH, n r,ao i,a ros,t .v.s n mn lint ian1ii
~ nrrnv cniro n,Ght in I'm transnnrts11nn n ita
so, h.c.r,. ,,,arc, that ov. r, r,r. ,ha,
wnn]tl furnIsh Observation-Disclosures scnntc IL lin rmnts
Of hotl ngl.t and day trssei. togeslar viii sypem
n,nir"tInu 1ct rrcn Snr'iis1nn+ nnints ssarni
dstinct lines Of railway. wonti n,nnty = proyyIna
want ~ t,n Irnvc1in1 rIfc arS ,ro1iv iar1atx fa
It was mi o1sv mr. n,1ce5 ,oas1o for ff,v or ,orn
cnendent ra1way eon,,o1 H. ,nitc ,n9n W ,.mI0
frf pattern nf sar tn nnrfct ,,niform srrsnacpnla
or 10 ttyo tho n,ay ii,.rert 1vco,ts anti Inyjcns
which, conbiaei. inaEe up tho oomfost ani con-
yeNfelIrn nj thn 11n1iman cnr:
Even hsd nv oorra1 na, boen eucucatea tv ma mr.
moro comtnnfcs far acnr in rnnrG,t. eante ROM
nantes wn,,fi MT ,nrnn. hayo fn,1,i il cnnyrncnf
as any QIycn ttmo 10 furnish thor pronortion Of fs
nor wind It bnvo ect, s.sy to dscitip. whoutt IL
Toricncc whit n auch csss causy between tho roads
wnu'I ,irr,narl ~ A'
It IL Gbyios that ths constant nrorsjon Of abundant
b,lnues If bidding un chanrrs Of ljucu. uui ti,p
1ecessary laundry arraeccna M well IN te selec-
atructfnr. snI rurnno ears viii. emcin reisronre
Ia tlajr 1ap ns Observation-Disclosures. Ia Of tlIo
yery oasenro Of n s,ccrssfui nlcnu}un-car rya-
tenn: vet this was furcjnn to tIo REGULAR
business Of railway co1npanies, and lesa
rly Ia recriya ii,nir sSrer,l n,tion thsn that of
com;nnv csncriaiIv nr,t,uizntt for fhn ,inrnnsr
1JancH TX "nce.sity frr ~ sonar.tn IN nr,wnIzntfon
form character wiz lis Iii!eren. rsIway companies
On sch reasonablo terms as would appeal TO their ILL.,
i,a oroan,xaton of inch comnauv. which should
bs chargsd with ths duty Of providing bid accomuo
anona fca'poa py an atSgoa o prcssu'eo
MI. ,,no1ts.,, ,x,. 2, ,tfi ns-a i,t., ,.a,,d .,.
, 1874-11-24

1872
e,s uI sasartateadea wei eI wea ieayo s aaount
property chnrseable 10 ordinary rOpairs SUI. .125.
!, snax TO 81 ss9Sd ns a @
authority 10 take contro Of tlie mproyo11sent Of o
Ilinoia istver but time su1uea'len 70 1871 Con
1royemcut Of the saii river. small portion y: wheh
was expended In dredging, and the balance divorced
by Ito United States Etauoer Department to .ho i'm
Tho Legislature oi Tho B,ass o iiuols In 1885, ruaae
an appropriation ii s4o000o for The improvement Of
nissoncrs to construct lock uul tlam In tl,c riyer
oylow ita Junction With tho Illinois Michigan Cauet.
s sf z Il Of water '
n Anr, 1863. coiHress parsed law appsopriat,ns
Eacretary Of War for the ruuair, preservation and
completion Ut the works for t4o royoment Of ryors
aud larbors. '''4~ '~'-''N''
War allotted ss5 0oo fr tic n,proycncut Of tic Iois
liver he work 10 be onp n, expenditures to 10 u,uo
under the direcion Of Dyt, aaaj -eu. j, Il. WILSON,
Unitet States Army
On tho 4th Of Adjust 1906 tho Canal Commissioners
aud b. g. Jepue, Stats Engineer inst Gou. Wilson 1t
his Office wlere it was autermnsa that she Interests Of
mons oi tno river could 10 secured by expenang ths
S. ooo u dfegng I out ths b1rs sid dsspsas tlo
the series should 10 bilt.
At tho session OF conRress ~ 1870 M appropriation
Of $l00.000 WIN mads for tho improvement Of tue
on tho 3st of August 1870, tho Canal Commissioners,
accompanied by Engineers d. 9. 5enne aud William
Gooiug, met 1en. Wilson 1t Peoria, 4nd after cx-
ar,tning the various phna for improving the Illinois
Ryor, II WE mutually agreed that tho amount ought
to 10 expended in dredging tho bars heluw lo pout
WAero tho former appropriation OF $51, ,pD Will 10 ex-
hausted, and shuli Apply to The lIeroAt potua un
the river where Other locks anl dams shan bu built.
The laat Congress Of thu United States having made
MI appropriation Of QUO for tho improvement Of
the illinois RIypr md behaving TINT tic interest Of
the whole people would bs promoted by ex-
p0nd!ng at loast portion Of that sum In
pnttirg the Foundation Of the proposed lock at Cop
eras Orcok, tho Governor Of thia Stao directed la
Connsstoesa to mako application to Col. Macob,
The result OF tho application, ansl tho Governors
po1sora eorsa at tho Department tn WaalnKton IL
fully explained by the accompanying correspondence
4'NooK ISLAND ill., April 80 1879
"DRAR 8In: With view OF naaklug tia most a.!~
yauReulta application OF rho recent APPROXIMATION by
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1874-09-10
Smut Preventive.

Farmers that have smutty
wheat should not SOW such wheat
without picking it.
To prepare seed-wheat for
sowing: Make a weak brine,
OF, better yet, have urine kept in
all Out-oi-the-way place to wet
the seed. One gallon Of brine
will be sufficient for each bushel
of wheat. The brine should
not be too strong. l prefer the
urine, because it gives more Wig
OF TO the young wheat plant.
While wetting the seed, SHOW
ell the pile from side to side un-
til every kernel Of wheat is
wet. Then add slaked lime, one
bushel for each ten bushels of
wheat. Seed wheat should be
prepared in the eveEing for the
next days sowing. In the
morning before bagging the
seed wet the pile with water and
shovel the pile until the lime adj
heres to the wheat. This pre-
vents dust while sowing.-Cor-
respondent Western Rural.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1874-09-10
What the Little CnsSeS"
Can do.

From the st. Joseph (MO.) Herald.
The grasshoppers are not as
big as a thousand other things
we can name, but then the insect
has as much Gevilment i'll its car
.cass as was ever contained in the
some space in any thing that liv.
ed or breathed. Stories has been
published of how they complete
ly blockaded railroads out West,
but they were looked upon as 3
fanciiul production, existing only
in the Imagination of the reporter.
And still these stories were not i'm
aginary.
On Wednesday, train No. Z, Of
the St. Joseph & Denver Railroad,
struck the grasshoppers between
Axtell and BeattIe. The insects
covered the track two inches
thick, and the engineer was COM
pleteIy at his wits end to know
what to do. He understood a
eoaped track, but a track covered
with grasshoppers was a novelty.
He put on all the steam be could
and tried TO drive ahead, and yet
he was actually nine hours max
ing eleven miles. How many
grasshoppers were killed no one
will ever undertake to say.
Yesterday morning, Conductor
Scott Sharp pulled out of Seneca
on time, end thought he would
have an easy run to st. Joseph.
IN this he was slightly mistaken.
Two miles out the track was COM
pletely blockaded by grasshop-
pers, and the engineer found it
impossible 10 proceed. He hated
70 be beat by such trifiing insects,
bat finally had TO run back to
Seneca, and wait until the Insects
had crossed the track on their
way Southwark.
These stories look little tough,
hut then they are true.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1874-09-10
State Of Tennessee, County of
Lincoln.

G. A. Allison Us. J. N. Whiflow.
IN this cause it appearing by affidavit that
Il the defendant J. n. Whitlow, is Justly
indebted to the plaintiff, and that he has
removed out of the county privately, and
that he is about to remove or has removed
himself and property beyond the limits OF
the State Of Tennessee, so that the ordinary
process of law cannot be served upon him,
and an original attachment having been
levied on his property, it is, therefore. or
dered that publication be made in the Fay
ETTEvILLE OBSERVERS newspaper published
in the town Of Fayetteville, for four sue
cessive weeks, commanding the said J. y.
Whitlow to appear before me at my Of
flee on the l1th day of September, 1874,
and make defence to said suit against him,
or it will be proceeded with ex parte.
aug. 20-4w L. P. MYRICK, j. P.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1874-09-10
Remedy for Group.

This remedy is simply alum
Take a knife or crater and shave
or CRATE of in small particles a.
bout a tablespoonful of alum, mix
it with about twice the quantity
of sugar or honey to make it pala-
table, and administer rs quietly as
possible. The doses should be sep.
arated at intervals of fifteen min
utes, until the phlegm is cut and
cast off This will give almost in
slant relief. The patient should
also battle his feet in hot water
and apply wet cloths, in cold wa
ter, to the thro4t and chest, chan
ging as often as they get warm.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1874-09-10
& iapm aus 8uuseln[6.
s. y
When to Sell Wheat.

When to sell the crop of
wheat is, perhaps, more difficult
to decide than when to thresh.
We have known farmers who
for series of years were OBJ
liged to sell their wheat as soon
as possible after harvest to meet
debts, and again Others who
were able to hold for the highest
prices, and we were satisfied,
from years of observation, that
those who were compelled to sell
early realized, taking one year
with another, the highest prices
for their grain. We notice that
when from any cause whatever
there was a sudden rise in wheat,
they who were able to hold were
resolved not to sell till it had
reached the top price, and fire.
quently, just before it reached
that price, it suddenly fell far
below the point from which it
started on its spasmodic advance.
Iffarmers could always know
with accuracy just the amount
of the old grain and -four left
over, and the true condition OF
the crops all over the world, so
that they might be able to judge
of the ratio of supply to de-
mand, they would be prepared
to decide whether the early mar
ket is what it ought to be or
not; but so long as there are
grain-speculators all over the
world trying to bear the mar
ket by exaggerated statements
of the amount of the old crop
left over III the great grain CEN
ters Of the world, and with over
estimates Of the new crop, they
are left without a reliable guide.
Perhaps we may lay it down
as a general rule, that when the
last years crop has been, gen.
orally, a short one, and the pres
ent one is abundant, the early
market will be the best; but
when the last one was abundant
and the current one is short
the latter markets will be high
err. We have generally done
quite as well to thresh and pre-
pare our grain for market as
we conveniently could,and wher
prepared, to sell it, and We dc
not know that we can give any
better advice to others.-Ameri-
can Rural Home.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1874-09-10
Using Nails.

Every farmer who has occa-
sion to drive ANAL into seasoned
oak posts, knows its liability to
bend and break. If the point
be moistened in the mouth it
will usually drive more kindly.
Oil is better, but then it is III
convenient to dip each nal sep
arately into it. Another point
is, that boards become loose e.
ventually from the rusting of
nails in the wood, causes not
only an enlargement of the nail
hole, rendering the fence or
building shaky or insecure
This may be prevented by heat
ing any rough grease until it
smokes, and then pouring it O.
yer the nails to be used. The
grease will penetrate the pores
Of the iron, and cause the nails
to last without rusting for al
indefinite period. Besides this
no difficulty will then be expe-
Irienced in driving them into the
hardest wood. The reason is
that the coating of grease pre-
vents contact by air, and conse.
quently oxidation. Oxygen is
the great destroyer of iron, an6
moisture is the inducing cause
Anything which is kept from
air is preserved indefinitely, anC
if kept dry the effect is meas
urably the same. Paint upor
buildings prevents the contac
of air and moisture. If the
whole fence cannot be painted
the heads, at least, of the nails
therein should be touched
NeoCark Builder.