The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1874-02-06

soda for washing linen is very injurious
to the tissus and imparts to it a yellow
color. In Germany and Belgium the
following mixture IS now extensively
and benedcially used: Two pounds of
soap is dissolved in about five gallons of
water as hot as the hand can bear it /;
then next Is added to this fluid three
Iarge-sized tablespoOnfuls of LIQUID
ammonia and one spoonful of best oil
of turpentine. These fluids are ineor-
porated rapidly by means of beating
them together with a small birch broom.
The linen is then soaked In this LIQUID
for three hours, care being taken to
cover the washing tub by closely-fit-
ting wooded cover. By this means the
linen is thoroughly cleaned, saving
much rubbing, time and fuel. Ammo
mia does not affect the linen or wooden
goods, and is largely used as a liquor
In the north of England.
THE YOKE Is UNEAsY.-Even the
speed Of the OK is increased by the use
OF the horse gear when by means of
the yoke, he is fastened to the vehicle
only by the neck, his body sways axyk-
wardly about, his fore-feet close to the
tongue, and his hind ones often at a
distance from it; with this angular
movement he seems to labor at q great
OioduNEIIdRC, NnGIGdS, III Eu6 udEuGSS,
the body of the animal Is kept in a di-
rect line with its work, which must be
of great advantage. The increase of
power and speed, obtainable in working
oxen by the method here commended,
to say nothing of the relief to the poor
beast in Kidding it of a heavy and I'M
yielding pressure upon that most SEN
sitive part of the animal, the top of the
vertebrae, should be sufficient induce
ment for our farmers to substitute the
harness for the yoke For the sake of
mercy, let some means be devised and
adopted to relieve the patient OK from
the torture of the yoke.
How Tol KILL AN ANIMAL WITHOUT
SUFFERING. -Many persons would be
glad to know how to kill an animal
without giving suffering, and we ven
ture to give the benefit of our expert
ence. We are constantly called upon
to destroy horses, dogs and cats, and
have little difficulty in doing it. For
horses we use a large sponge, say six
inches in diameter, thoroughly satu
rated with chloroform, which is dropped
into bag large enough to be drawn
over the horses nose. It is not desira-
bic to have the bag " air-tight; ;" for, if
so, suffocation is likely to ensue. In
two or three IA nutes the horse is I'M
conscious, and in eight or ten minutes
dead, without suffering For dogs and
cats a similar process, using q small
sponge and bag 4; or these animals with
the saturated sponge, may be put in a
box admitting some air, when they soon
ego to sleep" Seventy five cents
worth of chloroform will kill q horse
and twenty-five dog or cat. If one
saturation of the sponge does not COM
plete the work repeat it
THE GREAT LAVA FIELDS WEST OF
THE ROCKY MoUNTAINs.-Prof. LIE Conte
of the California state university con-
siders the Cascade mountain regions
one of the most interesting fields for
geological research on the earth. in
connection with the great overflo of
lava which deluged the territories of the
northwest in past ages, the professor
says The principal point of eruption
from the great central cauldron was Mt
the Cascade mountains in Oregon,
which are of themselves one solid mass
of lava. From this center the lava
overhowed great portion of Oregon,
Washington territory, all of northern
California, and vast sections of Nevada,
Montana and Idaho. The lava flood
covered an area of at least 200, 600
square miles, as far as explored, and it
would probably be found to extend over
surface of 100000 square miles, as its
limit northward had never been deter
mined. The depth Of the lava crust
varied from upward of 5000 feet in the
Cascade and Blue mountain region, to
one and two hundred feet and less at
remote points on the outer edge of the
overflow. Where the tremendous gorge
of the Columbus river cut through the
lava bed. it had a depth of 8 800 feet
ovr,lcrokioV, Of Dxnf To TOr,An no.
determined that the great lava flood
pertained to a comparatively recent ge-
illogical period, and he assigns the erup-
tion to the latter part of the miocene,
possibly extending to the post-tertiary.
In the great canon of the Columbia riv-
er beneath this immense layer of lava,
he had discovered the petrifed stumps
of trees, beds of leaves, and all eviden-
ces of a great forest once existing on a
level corresponding with the present
surface of the river. Above this forest
came a drift period, and it was buried
in heavy layer of conglomerate before
the overflow of 5000 feet of lava.
OZONE AND IT'S PHYSIOLOGICAL Eff
FEoTs.-Ozone is n colorless gas, with a
powerful and peculiar odor. Like oxv-
gen, it is an oxodiziDg agent of great
power. 1t changes indigo into isatine,
the black sulphate of lead into the
white splphate of lead. It oxodizes
anthony, manganese, arsenic, iron,
zinc, tin, silver, lead, bismuth, and
mercury Many of the lower oxides it
transforms into pe9oxides. 1t corrodes
India-rubber and decolorizes blue lit
mus-paper. It acts with great rapidity
on iodine of potassium, hberating the
iodine. 1t quickly consumes ammonia,
changing it into nitrate. 1t decomposes
hydrochloric acid. iberating the chic
rue 1t is insoluble in acids, alkalies,
alcohol, ether, the essential oils, and
water. The odor of ozone is very pen
etrating; air containing bnt one mil
Iionth of it 5 said TO be perceptible to
the o factories. The peculiar odor OF
sea air is IN part the result of ozone.
All air. even the purest, has more OF
less ozone; bBt so accustomed do we
bacome to It that it IS only by sudden
change into it that we can perceive 1t.
Visitors at the Mammoth cave, Ken
tucky, report that. on emerging, the all
has a peculiar and vivid odor such as
they never before realized The physi-
ologicsl effects of ozone have been stud
led 10th on man and on animals. 1t is
believed that the brac,ng and inspiring
effect of a clear, crisp and sparkling
morning is due In part TO the great
amount of ozone in the atmosphere.
When 1t is held IN combination with OK
wen or c lInfnon air, it acts much like
Oxygen, bat more powerfully. l. eI
festa the puiae, the reapiratfOp and the