New-York tribune., 1874-08-14
CAVE FAUNA OF THE MIDDLE STATES.
BY PROF. A. :. PACKARD, JR.

For about month during the last part of
April aud early in May last Prof Packard was engaged
with Mr. r. c. SanbOrn ia exploring the caves OF Ken
tucky under the auspices Of tho Geological Survey or
that state, Prof shaler accompanying Prof Packard
They first examined the Mammoth Cave, and doubled
the number OF animals known 10 exist therein and IN
others adjoining. An exploration, with Prof shaer, Of
the Carter Caves in GraysOn County KY also revealed
rich fauna composed OF species. Prof Packard also
examined Wyandotte Cave alone, and found q wingess
Procus and species OF Thysandca 10 the cave
Several caves within 1G miles of New-Abany, Ind, at
Bradford. were examined. Finally careful examina-
ton Of wcyers Cave in Virginia. and the adjoining
Cave of the Fountain, revealed fauna containing some
20 species, no life having been previously reported from
those caves.
These results show great uniformity in the dstrbu-
ti0n OF n!c-mOre tndn would at hr-t be exp c'ci,
though these lie in fauna region nearly ldentl
cal rs regards the external world amt the temperature
of the caves Is very constant sun some nOtaOic dhcr
eucCs occurred.
or plant-liie three forms of low fungod plants
CURED III Mammoth ana Oiher caves on OId pieces ol
~ ek but sufficient abundance TO form basis for
the animal ie OF tho caves, whit was nearly an car
niF0rous, or as N tue case OF te podufis ana sn'lS
pIOuauly thrved on the decaylng fragments Oi wood
aIuIically introduced into the caves Wnat constitutes
the food 0l the most abundant insect OF az the ctchs,
the wlug IS erassIoppcr Prof. Packard mas not yet
drtHrmIhcd lhr udsi' % Ie III III. caves - "i.uou "
much doubt the living aId decayihg ahihas todhd III
then. or Prptoz siN forms were found IN water taken
frOm Wlliie's spring, ABOUT haT miIe rom
the mouth OF Mammoth Cave. Ihe lowest ot
these observed was N)uJ, an amUOa-Ilkc
forI. being pcar-Shdped body win "a number
OF Vacuoles. Two species OF HruN were found
iyin ami Two represented 10y dead shells, AMI Pupa,
living, was frequent. But these m0lIsks may
have been introduced by man, by streams.
.or by other agencies. The lowest Oh
served was perfectly white Panarian. Of
the usual form OF The genus. No eye specka were
visible. IL about inch long, very active, creeping
under stones ia flowing brook ia immJth ahd ID ID
moud Caves. The common car-wOrn occurs IN di' the
caves sometimes a5 large u,ull, but al the rcinotrr
portions Mammoth cave much aYJrfei not over
lnch long, Bhud cta'-H'h "tir Iohuu' p1t tu u'tH-I
cru-tacciu alleged 10 be found Dud lu an leSh coal
mine ha well marked eyes IN the inIyidLi!s taken ~
the " nmDtn Cave. rdre scOOpcndrtiid. lOtud OHIy
before (lt Salem, Ids,.), Wa, discovered 40 tue
mouth OF small cave near the AliinmOsh S-NeFu
varieties uf spiders observed ana are technically
described Prof. PIckars paper whIch also contain
descriptions Oi several OtAeI Insects discovered
aud dcptN q.
Whle IS species known 10 iHhablt oar caves
chiefly tdrO,sh thc labJr- ot Takanpt, Cppt. Cooke,
Dr. ua, aud others, able 10 ada % species
to tue LAuer, "Ach viii probably be carried up 10 100