davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
GROCERIES.

Highwines were going at Sl.O3, having
declined &c.
SUGAR-Demerara IL &c; standard hards
l2dl24e; A coffee 12c; Il do. 11sc; extra G
do. 11ic, yellow c 10d10ic.
MOLAssEs-New Orleans 6SdT5c; sirups
j5d65c; golden strip 65d75c.
COFFEE-RiO, common to choice, 21Bd
23ic; Laguayra 234d24c; Java 29ad3O1c.
CHEEsE-Factory, 16d17e.
NAILs-1Ods, per keg, S4.O0 and 25e adj
ditiOnal for diminishing grades.
SALT bushel barrels, in store, $2.25;
by car load in depot, S2.35.
CANDLEs-Star 17se % ID.
FIsH-Half barrels, Nos. l, and $3.50,
500 and $500; in kits, Nos l, 2 and 8,
$500. S1.75 and Sl.5O.
RICE-Choice new BY the barrel, SIC.
TEAs-Imperial 75dS1.25; Young Hy-
son 75edS1.25; Black 50cdSl.0O; Gun
powder 75edsl.25.
PowDER-DupOnt ST.25; Sycamore Mills
S7.25; blasting 500; fuse per 100 feet Csc.
SHoT-Patent 1920; Buck S2.45.
LIQUORS Common rectified whisky q
gallon 95cdS1. 10; Robertson County $1.T5
d3.00; Bourbon Sl.25d5.50; Lincoln
County Sl.75d3.00; Highwines 81 OF.
BBoOMs-Per dozen, 81 OOd3.50.
SOAP-COmmOn to fancy, 5dSc q b, or
s3.25d4.50 q box.
BLACKING-MasOn's large, q dozen,
zoe; small, 35c.
CANDIEs-COmmOn stick, lie; common
fancy 15e.
PEPPER-Per b, 2Isc.
SPICE-Per b, 16c.
GINGER-Per b, 16c.
CLOvEs-Per h. 6067Uc.
STARCH-Per ID, sc.
SODA-Per b, &c.
PECANs-Per d, 10Id125c.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
INTRODUCTION OF CATTLE INTO
AMERICA

T.. Sturtevant communicates the fol-
lowing to the Country Gentleman:
1884 bull and several COWS from
Spain, by Columbus, on his second voy-
age.
15l8-The Baron de Levy made an
abortive attempt at settlement on Sa-
bic Island, where the cattle left by him
increased and multiplied.
1553-The Portuguese took cattle to
New Foundland and Nova Scotia.
l60-Cattle were brought into Aca-
dia by L 'Escareot, a French lawyer.
160S-The French extended their set
Element into Canada, and soon after in
troduced various animals.
1609-The first cattle introduced into
Virginia were previous to this year.
16lO-Sir Ralph Lam brought cows
to Virginia from the West Indies.
l6l4-The Dutch brought cattle to
New York from Holland. They were
black and white, and red and white,
and noted as good mixers.
l62+Edward Winslow imported
three heifers and bull into Plymouth
colony.
1624-Cattle imported into the New
Netherlands, from the Texal in Hol-
land, by the Dutch West India Com
pany.
I626-Twelve COWS were sent to Cape
Ann.
1627-Cattle were imported into
Delaware by the Swedes.
l629-Thirty cows were sent TO Cape
Ann. Sixty or seventy cows and oxen
were imported under the direction of
Francis Higgenson. formerly of Leices-
tershire, for the Governor and CON-
pany of Massachusetts, Bay, in New
England"
1881 or 1632-Capt John Mason in
troduced cattle from Denmark into
New Hampshire. These cattle were of
a large size, and Of yellowish color.
This breed remained pure and unmixed
near Agamenicus, in Maine, down to
about the year 1920.
l670-Cattle brought into Carolina
from England, by William Scale, to
Charleston, on the south side of Ashley
river.
1690-The Indians on Red river in
Louisiana possessed cattle.
l711-Sir Thomas Gates brought into
jamestown, Va, 100 mead from Devon
shire and Hertfordshire.
1732-Cattle were first brought to the
Savannah settlement in Georgia by Ogle-
thorpe.
1750-The French of Illinois were in
possession of considerable numbers.
l7S3-Messrs. Golf, Reynolds & Pat
ton, Of Baltimore, sent to England for
cattle, probably of the Teeswater or
Holderness breed.
17S5-Mr. Patton, Jr., carried bull
of the above importation to Kentucky.
l797-Mr. Heaton, of Duchess coun-
ty, n. Y, imported from England
ShOrt-hOTn bull.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
SCOTTISH LAND OWNERS

A recent official return as to the ten
ure Of land IN Scotland, shows that
there are in that division of the Brit
ish empire, 132, 230 land owners, with
possessions of the gross annual value
of tlS,69S.S04. Seventy-fve proprie-
tors have estates Of upwards of 10000
acres. There are considerably more
than IS estates of that area, but sever
al landlords possess more than one
such. The local area in the hands Of
these IS proprietors is at least 100000
acres, or net far off half the whole
acreage Of Scotland.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15

This mechanical expansion of bone,
tendon and muscle, naturally becomes
hereditary, when life descends to Off
spring, whether in men or horses. 1t,
however, takes many generations to fix
in the blood and constitution any
marked trait of character, such as dis
tinguish the best race horses, short
horn and Devon cattle, merino and
other breeds of sheep. There is no
known limit to possible change for the
better in organic beings. In vitality,
each point gained appears to stand firm
as the basis of new starting point. If
no generation could go beyond its pa
rents, all progress and improvement
would be quite impossible.
The form that gives great speed and
powers of endurance is the result of
growth in life, partly after prototype
from the experiences of many ancestors;
and partly from the experiences of the
individual. The skillful breeder has
the latter under his control, and it is
fair to presume that such experts as
Mr. Alexander and Gen. Harding train
early not to check growth, but to direct
it into the best organization for the
purposes wanted in each animal func-
ton. All breeding is a matter of
anatomy and physiology, and belongs
to the race far more than To the indi-
vidual. Blood is of Sow develop
ment.
Being thing of life, it is forever
grOtciRg, and necessarily improving or
deteriorating in the continuous strug-
gle for existence. Many diseases, and
all defects in organization become
hereditary, yet may be bred out of the
family by proper pairing, and using
other preyentives. The farmer has
great need of clear and accurate sci
ence, even to keep up the improve
ments in live stock, in grain, fruits and
already made by profes.
sional men. 1t is the constant relapse |
in the hands of the million that creates
so good market for the very best |
blood, in horses, cattle, sheep, swine |
and poultry. Bipeds that laugh and
cry require better training, before or
ganic life in colts, calves, lambs and |
turnips can have fair play.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
TIMELY WARNING TO OFFICIALS.

Lexington (Tenn.) Reporter.
We understand that our present
judge is specially directing the grand
juries on this round Of courts to make
a searching investigation of tie man.
ner and way in which the different
county officials are discharging the du-
ties of their respective Offices.
The grand juries are instructed to
make presentments in all cases of a
dereliction of duty in any material par
ticular. At WaynesbUro, we are in
formed, under the instruction of the
court and the supervision of the Attor-
neY General, these matters were thor
oughly examined, and the same thin g
will be done in every county in the
circuit. Reports of officers, magis-
trates' bonds, under the small offense
law, and all others, are passed upon,
and their settlements reviewed and ex-
amined. The reports and settlements
of guardians, administrators and ex-
ecutors are subjected TO the closest
scrutity, and if any of these have fall
ed to report and make settlements as
the law requires. they are indicted.
The books of the different county
officials, clerks, trustees and registers
are closely inspected as to their man
ner of doing business and whether they
are following the requirements of the
law. On settlements and statements
Of Tax Collectors, Trustees, and other
persons charged with the handling OF
the State Revenue are investigated.
The Attorney General is also paying
special attention to the various execu-
ton dockets. and in every case when
the Sheriff has made an insufficient re-
turn, or has not made any return,
within the time prescribed by law, he
is moving against him and his securi-
ties.
The law requires this, and the AttOr-
ney General is faithfully endeavoring
to do his duty. We know there are
many such officers who desire to be
accommodating and hence have been
indulging parties at their own risk, IN
til it is too late to make a leIy, and
then returning executions mo money
made" ETC.. and therefore we do desire
to warn them and tell them to keep
their houses in order. The State de-
mands and needs all her revenue, and
it is made the duty Of the Attorney
General in each circuit to look after,
and in cases Of Delinquency enforce its
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15

paid for wages was Sic, 4S0,77S. Ohio
farmers contrlve to obtain about
twelve dollars cash In hand for
every dollar paid out for labor
There is a general error in our
Southern tillage and husba1dry.
The apparent cheapness Of slave labor
where planter owned the laborers, in
sensibly educated the public's mind in
to system of labor-wastefulness which
has become hereditary, and viii cling
to our agriculture for several genera
tions after slavery has been abolished.
All of your common schools should
teach the elements of better farm econ
omy; but not one of them approaches
industrial economy IN any form; nor
does our nominal agricultural college
do much better. How shall we double
and quadruple the value of every pair
of laboring hands in Tennessee? This
may be done by increasing produc-
ton without increasing consumption.
Solar light and heat, rain, dew and
frost, by the acre, are cheap inthis and
other planting States. They are sgri-
cultural forces of known power. Frost
kills our corn and cotton, if growing,
but not Mr.. Cockrill's soc acres of
grass. Hence, the labor that raises
and scatters grass seed the year round,
till rich verdure covers indefinite mil
lions of acres, must, IN the nature of
things, pay a much larger profit than
that work which tolls on as in old slave
holding times, TO kill grass and grow
cotton. What we want is a system of
labor that will give one thousand
dollars in crops for one hundred dol
lars expended for wages on the farm.
This viii bring broad acres of sunshine,
and now useless plantations into fruit
fulness, with something like the MIMI
mum of expense to the owner. Put
small trust in African blood, and in
plants that frost is able to kill. They
may do first rate, but the risk is con-
siderable, and many of us have taken
more hazards than have turned out to
our advantage. European civilization
and prosperity are built on plants and
animals that live and grow the year
round. Corn, cotton and tobacco fail
to meet the most vital part of human
and demand cheap labor, and
a good deal of it. Diversified industry
is safer than any other as a system.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
THELAROR QUESTION.

The RurGl CaroIiniaa for October,
contains an able article from the pen of
Rev. c. W. Howard, of Kingston, Ga,
on the question Of Southern agricultu-
raj labor. In vain shall we look for
prosperity before this question is set
tied in the public mind. Mr.. Howard
cites, among many other cases of good
management, that of Capt. NJ. S. Cock
rill, near Nashville, who has eight hum
dred acres in grass, and manages a
farm of twelve hundred acres with
three hands, doubtless having extra Ia
borcrs IN haying and harvest. Life in
farm stock, ard in perennial plants
to keep this stock is the prominent fea-
ture Of this commended establishment.
1t requires no profound wit or wisdom
TO comprehend the fact that blue-gr SIS,
orchard-grass, timothy, herds grass, oat-
grass, rye-g grass and many others, once
well set, grow on from year to year
with very little labor on the part Of the
farm. Since the war Capt. Cockrill
has sold forty thousand dollars worth
Of produce, mostly live stock. After
land is properly seeded to grass, one
may raise a pound of wool cheaper
than pound Of cotton; that is, with
less labor of man and beast. Mr..
Howard cites the following instructive
statistics from the census of 1879.
The gross sales of Georgia, for the
year proceeding June, 1870, were $780,
$50, DDS. The amount paid for wages
was Sl9,7S7, 0S6. The gross sales were
about four times the amount Of wages
paid. The gross sales of Illinois for
1870 were S2l0, S6O,5S5. Paid for
wages, SD, 1888, 767. The sales are
nearly ten times larger than the sum
paid For labor. The gross sales Of
Ohio were Sl98, $50, 9O7. The amount
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
MARKETS BY TELEGRAPH.
The Cotton Markets.

LIVERPOOL, Oct. I4-COttOn quiet; mid
ding upland 81; middling Orleans sgd.
Sales 1900 bales; American $500 bales;
speculation and export 1900 bales.
NEW YORK, Oct. l4.-COttOn easier At
I5sc for middling uplands; middling Or
leans 1jsc; sales l,743 bales. Futures
closed easy with sales Of 24,500 bales, as
follows: II 3-IGc for October delivery; 10 Z
32al5Ic for November delivery; 10 5-32a1J J
for December delivery; - 23-:i2al5sc for
January delivery; u 3l-32al5 slice for
February delivery; 16 5-16a16 11-32e for
March delivery; 10 11-l6c for April de-
livery; 10 27-32al6se for May delivery;
II 3-32a17tc for June delivery.
NEW ORLEANS, Oct. IA. Cotton
supply fair and demand active; at the fac
tors meeting they are freely and OCCASION
ally making concession; sales $3.50 bales;
good primary to strict good ordinary 13a
1910; low middliug to strict low middling
141al4sc; middling to strict middling 14a
a14Jc; good middling to middling fair 145
a15Ic; receipts 3,2I7 bales; exports
coastwise LIB bales; stock 1852 bales;
unsold last evening $4,000 bales; on ship
board $4,000 bales. OF the amount sold a
larger portion, nearly half, is laid by and
not on sales.
MEMPHIS, Oct. IA Cotton quiet and
unchanged; middling 14lc; sales 1,5OO
bales, receipts 1,2OG bales; exports 1,269
bales; stock 1890 bales
ST. LOUIS, Oct. 14-COtton in good de-
mand.
LOUISVILLE, Oct. 14.-COttOn quiet and
unchanged at 14ac.
CINCINNATI, Oct. 14.-COtton quiet and
unchanged at 14ial4ic.
Foreign Markets.
LONDON Oct. IA, 5 p. M.-COnsOls for
money 92sa92i; for account 92ta92s; Uni
ted States 5-20s of 80, 1OSs. 1857, 1904;
1O-4O's IO3s; new IS, 104b New York
Central, 80; Erie, 25s; do. preferred 45.
The amount OfbulliOn withdrawn from the
Bank of England on balance to-day fI37,-
900.
LIVERPOOL Oct. I3.-Breadstuffs are
quiet; Corn SIS. Tallow As. Beef-new
mess SOS.
PARIS, Oct. 14-Rentes elf. TIC.
New YOrk Money Market
NEW YORK, Oct. 14.-MOney was 2 Las
per cent. Prime mercantile paper 5sa6 per
cent. for short dates. Sterling exchange
was quiet at 4S3sa4S4 for sixty days, and
4S6,a4S7 for sight. The Customs receipts
to-day were S264,OOO. The Assistant Trea-
surer discussed $4,000. Gold 10, only
one price to-day. The carrying and Dor
rowing rates were fat at per cent. The
clearings to-day were SlS,OO0,O0O. State
bonds were quiet and steady. Railroad
bonds were firm i'm late dealings. Gov
eminent bonds were steady. The prevail
ing feature in stocks, ~ in Wall street,
generally throughout, was dizziness The
market7at the close was weak ana prices
the lowest OF the day. The decline ranged
from J to /! per cent, but was most marked
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15

payment into the Treasury, and he IS
honestly trying to discharge his duty IN
that respect.
Hence, we would say to all our coun,
ty officials read the law and be punctual
in the performance Of the duties
therein prescribed, as by this means
you may save yourselves the trouble
when the grand jury is empanneled.
A hint to the wise should be sufficient
in this particular.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15

The Law Course will commence on the FIRST
subsequent year, and terminate ON the first
Monday OF June thereafter. This period will
be divided into two sessions of four months each
with a vacation of two weeks at Christmas.
A complete Law Course wiilOccupy two years
but students may entc- At ai.v time, aud COM
plete the course sooner, II their previous read
ing will justify it. No examination, and no pre-
viOus reading, viii be required for admission.
Students will be at liberty to select what studies
they viii pursue, according % their own view Of
their attachments and objects: but the degree OF
Bachelor of LAWS viii only be conferred on those
who have gone Through the entire course, OF
are, in the opinion Of the Faculty, qualified By
previous study and the cOurse actually taken.
The students will be divided iE.O two classes
Junior and Senior, according "a prOfclcncy.
Instruction viii be by EXAMINATIONS lectures
and moot courts. The latter will be presided
over by one OF the Professors, and will be S.
simulated TO the actual procedure OF the courts;
the students, in turn, being required to prepare
the process and pleadings. as well as 70 argue
the causes, and draw mp the final Judgment OF
decree.
The charge for each session OF four months
will be $50, paid in advance, and in proper
ton for fractional parts OF session, no part OF
which will be refunded on any account. There
will be 10 extra charges Whatever. The en-
penses OfroOm rent, board, etc, need not ex-
coed s. per week.
For further information respecting the Law
Department, address
w. n. REESE
Secretary Of the Law Faculty.
lyl4d2taw SIN
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15

EEOBOoAllOn EOECSh0n98N~-
by the Administration Organ In
Washington The Whole work Of
Reconstruction 90 be Done Overtime
whites Declared Unfit for SeIfGov-
eminent.
Washington (oct. 1Ol Correspondence of the
New York World.
There are unmistakable indications
that plot is on foot, furthered by the
most influential Republicans, to adopt
holder, more radical, and sweeping
measures of vindictive reconstruction
at the South than those embodied in
the acts of 1867, and the so-called ku-
klux or enforcement statutes Of 1870
and 1871. The word has apparently
been given to the Republican papers
published at this city to strike the key
note of the new reconstruction policy.
The Chronicle has had several leaders
arguing at length that 'r' construction
is a failure" that the character of the
poor white population in tue South
renders them unfit for n share n the
government of the United States, that
Congress must guarantee them re-
publican form of government, and that
the work of reconstruction" must be
begun anew at the next session of Con.
gress. The National Republican,
of this morning, goes even further.
1t strongly censures the usurper
Kellogg for negotiating with the Penn
government In Louisiana, and, peak
ing of Kellogg's regime as a Estate
government of marked weakness and
inability to maintain itself without
Federal bayonets, calls for ga prompt
and efficient provision" on the part of
the Federal power to secure a republi-
can form of government for the State
of Louisiana pending this election.
These articles, and the tone of Mr..
Dawes late speech, insisting on a
more centralized and powerful govern
ment than now exists, are believed
here to be much more than feelers of
the public pulse, and to foreshadow
propositions of more startling and
despOtic character than have yet been
made in Congress or disclosed to the
public. The Southern people, sick of
carpet-bag government, have, many of
them, avowed their readiness to accept
an empire or its equivalent of military
government instead; and the entire
situation at the South is thus working
in aid of the third-term plan, for which
the President is VIGOROUSLY scheming.
A military occupation of the South on
a scale sufficiently extensive to secure
the most unqualified submission will
probably be one of the new measures
Of the government, and as this cannot |
be had, in the present temper of the
Indians on the frontier, with the exist |
ing forces, it will be urged that large |
of the army, especially of the
cavalry arm, is absolutely indispensa-
BILE to preserve the public peace and |
prevent a recurrence of such uprisings |
rs those of the people of Louisiana
1t is not deemed expedient to proclaim
those measures or the third term propO-
sition too plainly in advance of the fall
elections; but if the Administration
party shall be successful, it will at 1
once be insisted upon that these steps
are sanctioned and demanded by the
people. Many army officers are dis
yusted with their new duties at the
South. but are expected to become re-
,onciled to them by the promotions
which the increase of the army will
facilitate.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
The ConrressiOnaI Canvass.

Hon. John F. House and Hon. II. H. Harrison
have agreed upon the following list of appoint
meDtS;
Monday night, Oct -, Ciarksville, MOntgom-
cry county.
Tuesday, Oct. %. Palmyra, Montgomery
county.
Wednesday. Oct. q, Erin, Houston county.
Friday, yet 3, Majors Store, Montgomery
county.
Saturday, Oct. "A, Ashland City, Chestham
county.
Monday night, Oct IS, GOOdlettsville, David
son county.
Tuesday night, Oct. q, DOdd 4 AndersOn's
Store, Edgeficld.
Wednesday night, Oct %, Chattanooga Depot,
Nashville.
Thursday night, Oct. %, MewhirtersviIls, Da-
wilson county.
Friday, Oct. %, DicksOn's Station, Dickson
county.
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1874-10-15
NEOPHOGEN.
Cross Plains at Cross PurpOses-AD.
other Richmond i'm the Field.

Othcr hienmOnd I'm the flelOs
To the Union and American:
From recent communications in yOUr pa
per, and others, it seems that a newspaper
controversy, relative to the removal of Prof.
John NJ. Walton and a part of his faculty
TO Gallatin, is inevitable.
To set myself right, | wish 1t distinctly
understood that take no stock in this paper
warfare, Notwithstanding the unprOvOked
allusion to myself in the recent communi-
cation of your correspondent, ''Justice," in
his remarks about the faculty Of the school
at this place.
Nv position in the college here was I'M
solicited on my part. came to Cross
Plains at the earnest request of the trus-
tees, and when learned that il was their
unanimous wish, as well as Of the entire
community, that l should assume the
Presidency OF their college, | accepted, be-
ing influenced in great degree by the pc
culiar advantages possessed by this place
for a school, for 4 knowledge of which /
was mainly indebted to the catalogue of
Prof. John NJ. Walton for academic year
IS74-T5. As a further vindicatiOn Of my
course, l refer the public to this catalogue,
on page 10 Of which will be found the fol-
lowing language: 1.-The community
is of the highest moral standing, and
without eXaggeTatiOn, We doubt if
il can be equallei, while We
are confident it can be surpassed, by
none. for all these qualities which APP
peal TO our better nature, and school us in
to a higher and noble sphere of life.
Students here are entirely exempt from all
baneful influence, while they are schOOled
in things essential - success in life, and
which can only be learned by observing the
customs of society,"" On page IL ii
speaks thus, when giving the reasons why
NeOphogen College was located at this
place. again, il was believed that no
point possessed greater natural advantages
than this much favored spot, the beautiful
Misunderstanding village But our atten-
ton was principally called to the fact that
''thc college is remote from the contamina-
ting influences of railroads and cities,
which are numerous and to
be dreaded" as set forth on page
II. Believing these things TO be so, we
fels tlElt this was emphatically the place to
establish a school for the education of
young ladies and gentlemen. This is the
object that brought me here, and for which
| am now labOring. do not propose to
succeed 10y abusing Prof. Walton nor any
one else, but upon principle and merit
alone. L shall not so far forget my position
as to rake among the buried prejudices
and animosities of former years to find a
ghOstly skeleton upon which TO rest my
Gains to public patronage.
If my theory be wrong, and fail, then
such failure would be my grandest tri-
umph. Appealing TO generous public to
move onward the car of education, / bid
auieu to the public.
NJ. Il. ELLIOTT.