The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1874-02-06


which II divides. stu Il Is not true tina
because q man accepts oneof its forms b
must also receive the other In fact suel
Is not the case. For instance Darwin diff
ters with Huxley % TO the origin Of lift
Darwin believes that the Almight,
breathCd life In the beginning in his sup
posed progenitor or progepitors Of tn
whole animal aud vegetable Kingdoms
But Huxley traces Life to the forces whicl
he supposes 10 belong essentially 10 tn
original particles OF matter. -
THE NAME OF DkRwI1sAt.
The writer intends in what he may pre-
sent In these articles, TO condne himself L
Darwlnism proper. II ispopulaIy know
by thisname because Of the prominence
Of Professor Charles Darwin Of Englant
IN connection with It He first expoundet
his theory In an essay published In 1851
on the "0rigin ofspecies BY Means Of Nat
ural Selection This work was sooI
translated into all the leading Europeai
languages. II made d profound popular
Impression. and has been sold by thous.
ands otcopies. Init he confined the ap
plication Of his theory TO animals ant
plants, and passed by man. About two
and q half years ago, however, he pub
lished another work called eThe Descen
Of Man, and Selection In Relation TO Sex, :
In which he in the most unequivocatman
ner applies his doctrine 10 the human
race. In the same, line are his animals
and Plants under Domestication," and
1.-THE Expression Of the Emotions In Man
and Animals" While the prominence oil
Darwin In connection with this theory
has been such that It is called after him,
he Is not alone In It's adoption. The mum.
Der oil persons who can fairly claim q
place In the ranks Of scientific men and
who have received 1t Il much smaller
both in Europe and America than many
OF the less learned would suppose. Still
there are enough Of them to command
serious attention. A. R. Wallace pro-
pounded the hypothesis about the same
time with Darwin, and still Is an advocate
Of 1t though with some limitations. Her.
bert Spencer In his "Principles Of Bio
logy" eargerly endorses Il and uses It for
the purposes Of his system Of philosophy.
Others whose names are less familiar 10
the general public could also be mentioned
as It's adherents.
THE TWO GREAT LAWS OF DARwGNrsM.
The general hypothesis Of Darwinism
Is that all plants and animals, including
man, came from one or a few species BY
the operation OF certain natural laws. OF
these laws, 1t Is held that there are two.
The first Is called Natural Selection The
word selection In this phase Is calculated
to convey to the mind Of the uninitiated
the idea that the plant or animal concern.
ed exercises some choice in the matter.
But the word natural is used to qualify
II, for the purpose Of guarding against
such construction. The whole phase
indicates q process from which every
thing amounting to an intelligent choice
Of the end attained Is excluded. This law
may be better understood by It's other
name OF the SurUiUal Of the FIttest. When
plants and animals greatly multiply, as
they ever tend to do, there is q struggle
Tor existence. In that struggle the strong.
est, that Is those which are best adapted
10 the circumstances, survive and the
weaker perish. And as q consequence
those species which are the strongest are
perpetuated, and the peculiarilies in
which their strength lies are developed
until they become new species. BY this
process Of o few primordial- germs the
plants and animals Of our era ofthe world
have been In the lapse Of ages produced.
The other Of the laws Is called Sexual
1t Is supposed to come into ex.
ercise along with natural selection in the
origin OF animals and OF man. So prom.
inent Is It heldto be in this sphere that
the consideration Of 1t occupies three.
fourths OF the work Of Darwin on the
Descent oil Man" It is there treated as
corner stone with which the whole edi.
fee stands or falls To it we as men are
to owe our power Of song and
our hairlessness OF body and much that
distinguishes US from the beasts. To 1t
also he attributes the rise and conserva,
ton Of the various races OF the human
species.
UDder. the head OF sexual selection, Oar.
win includes two distinct processes. One
OF these applies 10 the male, and the
other to the female. The male, who Is
endowed with superior strength and &C.
tivity, drives away rivals and thereby
succeeds in perpetuating and still further
developing the peculiaritiCs by which he
is distinguished. This, however, is sub
the same thing in Its operation
as natural selection and may be so treat
ed in the discussion. The process as to
the female is q practical preference for
certain males on account of some such
quality as beauty Of form, or color, or
odor, or voice In mating she chooses
them because Of these things, and thereby
perpetuates and still further deyelopes
them, until as q result new species arise.
THE oRIsIN OF MAN. 'H'
BY the operation Of these principles all
plants and animals are supposed TO have
been derived from ono or more primer.
dial germs Any complete discussion Of
Darwinism therefore must range over the
whole field Of organic existences. But
by tho application OF the hypothesis to
man the SUBJECTS brought directly home
to ourselves as a race. The following Is
the conclusion 10 which Darwin comes.
1t is stated in his own language: sWe
thus learn that man Is descended from
hairy quadruped, furnished with q tail,
and pointed ears, probably arboreal in its
habits. and an inhsbitant Of the Old
World. This creature, lifts whole struc.
ture had been examined by a naturalist
would have been classed among the quad,
rumana, assurely as would the common
and still more ancient marsutlial animal,
and this through a long line Of diversified
forms, either from some reptile like or
some amphibian.like creature, and this
again from some fish;like animal. In the
dim obscurity Of The past we can see that
tho early progenitor Of all the vertebrate
must have been an aquatic animal provid-
cd with branchis, with the twosexes unit
cd in the same individual, and with the
most important organs Of the body (such
as the brain and hearll imperfectlv devel.