New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-05-02

same way that he had cot into It, have seen three
other OF that kind, and as 80 many nave fallen
under the OF one single medical practitioner such
cases cannot be extremely rare.
SPEECH NOT ALTOGETHER DEPENDENT ON ONE SIDE
or THE BRAIN.
As regards the faculty Of speech, the fact that we
have two brains perfectly distinct one from the other
is not perhaps so easily proved may be as regards
the man. We well know that lesion In one-haf OF the
BRAIN the left side of the BRAIN will produce loss OF the
faculty OF expressing the ideas by speech that that be-
longs almost exclusively to the left side OF tho bran,
but the very fact say. that the os OF the faculty
Of expressing ideas by speech depends on uScase e
the left side Of the bTain-that Iact Is lsei
Is Quite quite, distinct from the right. side Of
the BRAIN that IL is in fact brain In itself as regards
that function of the organ we call BRAIN Therefore the
fact which is perfectly well known. that out Of one
hundred cases In which the loss OF the faculty OF
expressing ideas by speech existed there only onet
onen which the disease TO be found nthe rght Sue
of the brainthat fact is extremely important III snow
that the two sides OF the brain may act ndepend
emily from the other shall have 70 return 10 ms
by and by, as much Of my argument uepehus On 'ni'
As regards sight, theory has been p9 forward by
mas been admitted by great many Psychologists.
although has admitted 1t without some IeluG i
lance But as there was no better theory put forward
that one was received as being at least probable If not
demonstrated. wollaston had tho view that the right
side OF the base of the brain IS the center lYF III sf
eye of the 10 the right OF IT, ana INC rgn
half Of the left eye is the one nearest 10 me nose nd
the outer half of the right eye have
for their center according rs 70 tb eft s,de Of the
brain would be the center for sight IN the lett or outer
half the left eye and the inner half OF the right eye
There Is therefore according TO that view condition
which is quite peculiar. If we admit IL ior moment
then we ought 10 hnd hat ~ one baf Of the
power of sight and objects then If seen are seen IN one
half Suppose man to be locked az mere ~Sn,t 40
visible the left side of the brain which anScted
only the right half of tho body WolaSton himself bau
Of fpatr barometer,
''meter" only; the other part of the word. word
baro he could not read Another eme mt ssme
trouble. He one half of certain objects; Ana
good many patients who are affected especially win
certain disorders of movement and with diabetes nave
also that trouble they see but one nan QI ooects
There are therefore, which seem to be III FAVOR OF
the view. But continuing to review what ought to
take place, find that il the disease exists only III
small part of the left side OF the BRAIN in that portion
which serves to sight we ought to find that then only
half of one eye Will DO Affected 1here are such
cases IL In ia the her part OF that half of the
base of The brain which is affected then it is only
half in the other eye which should DC Affected 1here
are also facts of thai kind
So i1a there are three kinds OF facts which seem to
support the view of WOastOn. But what or thatf we
philosophers DO not accept conclusions because there
facts which support them. We accept CONCLUSIONS
when all the known facts are either IN perfect harmony
clearly prove the conclusions and also when there Is
fact that to be in opposition. IL Is requisite
therefore, either that all tue facts prove IN favor Oh e
theory, or that together with number IN FAVOR tnere 10
none at all In opposition Such is not the case here
There are great many facts which show that disease
in one half of the brain will produce complete loss OF
side or on the opposite 1de Or the two halves both
eyes Therefore there three series Of facts ana one
only would be enough, when demonstrate 'h'' 'no
theory ought 10 be rejected.
VISION AND THE HALVES OF THE BRAIN.
But regards sight we find TINS and 1t Is point OF
importance IN this lecture We lind that disease any
where in One-half of the brain can exist without any
alteration OF sight at all. disease existing IN that
part where the optic goes into the brain, destroy
ing that part altogether, not be cause of loss Of
sight, so that one optic track alone may be perfectly
sufficient for the functions Of the two eyes Therefore
conclude that 1t is quite enough TO nave one Dian 10
have our power OF sights and it is SO for each half OF
the brain, cOncude-and TINS Is point OF import
ance in this lecture-l can conclude that eacn nan
possesses the powers of serving to the sensa
tons OF sight. You VIII ASK now rs II Una et . 6, nJ
that disease III the same part sometimes VIII nor pro
length what would have to say, but If some OF You
ne az Won nresent at the Academy of Sciences to-day
are here they know that alteration i'll any part OF the
nervous system whether IN the brain or can
10y producing irritation, act on other parts so az 10
produce the loss of function Of those other parts;
and so it is about sght Particularly; IN
small part of the spinal cord produces loss OF sight
in the eve on the same side An injury 10 the ned,Hd
obl0ngaa little higher than the part OF the spinal cord
which produces loss sight the same side, VIII pro-
duce loss Of sight, but to the opposite eye There Is,
therefore, power OF producing by irritation loss OF
sight: aud indeed there nothing more common IN emil
dren having worms in their bowels than a ulmlhnu0n
i'm the power OF sight for ume OF some Uouoe III lue
power OF sight-s0me change IN the IRIS, some
change in the vessels OF the eve, III TACT
some disorder In the organs serving 10 vision.
We'll its in the same way that irritation existing in
certain parts of the brain will produce at distance
from the place where 1t exists, "a loss OF the
function of sight The cases that can serve
are therefore, not those III which we nnd that the as
ease eXststhe loss OF sight exists When thefe Is ds
ease somewhere. The cases that eau serve positively
clearly bring us to conclusion as tnose' on the
contrary which establish that an INJURY IN any paI or
one.ba OF the braineven IN tnat part which receives
the optic track-can exist without producing any loss
OF sgnt and that fact has been very ire
0ueitly but than Ave or six tunes 70 my khOw
edgeand IN those cases IN the most decisive manaef
Therefore the conclusion have drawn Is quite estaD-
shed Either half OF the BRAIN may serve ~ lhe power
THE VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.
Now as regards the vohtiOnal movements, the vOun-
tary movements If you like to call them so. Those
movements as you well know have been considered as
depending each half of the brain for onehaf OF the
body. sl, many psychologists have ascertained that
there are muscles system in the neck in the eye
in the throat, and In the back alsO-there are many
usces-which escape paralysis when there is disease In
onehaf OF the brain and for those parts at least some
theory has been imagined to Ty TO explain how IL was
thar the left half of the BRAIN for instance Is not the
regulator Of the movements IN the right side OF the
body. I shall pass over that theory and come 10 the
MONT of importance the object which have In view.
As regards volitOnal movements there are cases on
record which leave no doubt that either the anterior
lobe of the BRAIN the middle lobe OF the brain, or the
poserior lobe the three essential parts OF the organ
terfered with at ALL but still more, there are casesnOt
many, but a iew-that exist and are decisive. Ihey
have been recorded by the accurate observers and
some of them in hospitals where there we're many med
cal men and many Students SO that there cannot DC
doubt about them. There are many cases-perhaps
the word "many" is too strong but there
are at least seven or eight to my kDoWl.
edge-of the destruction of the whole half
OF The brain without any interference with the voluntary
movement. Therefore we are not TO look upon onehaf
of the brain being necessarily the organ serving TO
the movement OF the body on the opposite side. And
also another conclusion we are to look upon oneha or
the bran in individuals at least as being able 10
control voluntary movements III the two sides OF the
body II 50, certainly the point have IN yew-that ls
that have two brains Is Established as regards vol
untary movements We have certainly two brains as re-
cases that slight injury limited TO small part OF
the brain will produce paralysis on the opposite SIDE,
or sometimes the corresponding sde-n that Is
found 1t Is on account Of this principle which men
toned a moment ago. that Is that an Irritation III any