The New York herald., 1874-11-17

CelesttpB; Julian, VINO afhrmed the orthodoxy
VINO subscribed la5e) to the Arlan creed OF RI
mini; vtgilius tS4T, who coBtradicted himself
wno lent D the 'S wnois Weight Or his ausSori'y
te33) 70 the support OF the nascent Monothelite
heresy. and was solemnly excommunlcated by an
OF Rome persisted In their claims, while in the
East the resistance to them grew as the pstri-
arcns OF C0nstantinople rose In power and innu-
ence among the Eastern hierarchy, until the con-
nict OF drs0iction ended s7s) IN the disruption Of
the Roman bishops Continued to be pnVersy
acknowledged after the separation Of the East
and West; but their personal infallibility was
never maintained in formal theological thesis till
the time OF Thomas Aquinas. He however does
not employ the term infallibity; he says that the
Determining ali that pertains to latin, when is
ascribed 10 the church, belongs also to the Ro-
man mar pcntin p BY virtue Of me promise made to
before the great theological schools OF Europe,
soon acquired increased dennlteness and interest
the popes, and between rival claimants for the
papacy and the ecclesiastical assemblies con-
she Fair T IN isos declared his intention % Of cane
general council 70 Judge Pope Boniace WILL In the
Council Council o, Constance, Constance, where the French clergy
D'Ailly and Gerson proposed the framing OF q de-
cree declaring an ecumenicai council superior TO
the pope. In the Council Of Basel. soon afterward,
this superiorlty was urged against Enge.
MUS w.. par icuiarly after he had dissolved that
rss sooded m e &c
sanction OF Bourges In 1888, both as q theological
maxim and as rule OF national Jurisprudence.
Thencef0rward the the0lORians In France VINO
maintained this superiority were called Galllcans
and their opponents ultram0ntanes. GalicanIsm,
oogcal Doctrine comprsed the oertes or franz RAM
chses OF the Gallican Church and the peculiar
tenets OF its churcnmen with regard TO the nature
and limits OF the pOntfcal supremacy. These
Galllcan franchises were understood In one sense
by the churchmen and In quite another by French
Pope had no right. by virtue Of his supremacy, TO
interfere with the King In the holding OF
s Cha. the the c
dignitaries, the collation. OF benches and the
disposition OF their revenues the imposition and
collection OF taxes on church property, belonged
by inherent right and custom exclusively to the
Church Of France unaer the protection OF the
OF the Gallican Church concerning the Popes In
leriorlgy to general council, were formulated IN
six ARTICLES presented Dy the sorbonne 70 Louis
greater solemn.ry In 1882 The famous "lour
artices'' then proclaimed by the assembled clergy,
power. declared that the plenitude OF power In
spirituas possessed by the successors OF ST. Peter
Which been e. IL m
Galllcan Church; tnat the use Of the Pope's
sposS' to be regates Ia BY the
the received rules, customs and constitutions;
and that, although the Pope has the chief autno-
regard ali the churches, and each church in par
tcuar, nevertheless his Judgment is not irrefornf
able until the consent OF the whole Church super
vcnes. The whole question OF tnfallibllity contin-
ued to be vehemently discussed by JesulJs and
Jansenists Gaiiicans and utramontanes, down to
the French Revolution. When public worship was
restored by Bonaparte, the concordat concluded
with him by Plus VII. abolished the old French
hierarchy with al Its privileges and established
Bonaparte inserted in the concordat, on It's publi-
cation, what il known as the "organic articles"
sive portion or the declaration OF 1882 This was
maintained as law OF the land and a rule Of
state p1cS through every change Of
stantly on the wane. In 1867 1t was resolved
by Plus TX. and the bishops assembled In Rome
without delay; and 1t soon became generally
known that one OF the doctrlnal questions to be
decided In the council was that Of pontincal infal-
libility. warm discussion immediately began as
to the opportuneness as well as the possibility OF
such denntion Conspicuous among the opp0-
linger, OF Munich, and among It's promoters Arch
bishop Manning, OF London. The Jesuits always
tive, used all their influence to secure the deinl-
tion. In France the bishops were divided; in Eng
land. Ireland, the United States, Germany and
Austria, q majority would have preferred delay;
but Italy and Spain were Tor instant definition.
Among the European governments . strong dip
seconded BY France, was made TO dissuade the
court Of Rome from step deemed full OF danger.
opened By Plus x IN the Vatican Bssca Of st.
Peter's. A frst d0ctrina constitution on Catholic
Iaith having been elaborated and accepted, was
tne discussion OF second constitution ION the
Church." ending with the decree on pontifcal
infallbility outside the council ltself the dogma,
In It's theological and historical aspect ana Its
bearing on the relation OF the Church to civil
governments, was vehemently discussed IN the
press. correspondence between Bishop Dupan-
loup and Archbishop Manning, and the publication
OF an exhaustive Gailican argument by NJ. Maret,
Bishop OF Sura had created much interest just
before the opening Of the council, and this was
largely increased by the appearance during It's
sittings OF o series or letters In the Augs-
burg Augemeine zettuno, signed Janus, y
alterward published tn book form with
the ttle OF "The Pope and the Council"
!see Doninger) Another series Of letters
from Rome were printed IN England from the pen
or "Quirinus;' while two more issued from the
French press entitled 'sCe Qui Sc Passe au Con-
cile" and La Derniere Heure du C0ncile.n Within
the Council itsel every portion OF the schema or
draught was warmly discussed. On July IL the
schema OF the chapter on iniallibilty was discussed
In detail and adopted In general congregation
and the whole schema was put to the vote In au-
other congregation held on the 18TH Each prelate
voted Dncet, II content; pldCet jurta naOduns, II
only content with part; or non pJacet II not con-
tent The register showed 45I as voting pldcet 81
placet jssrtu ns0dum and So pom placet. On July
Is. IN solemn session, 54 preates answered Dlacet,
non pldcet and 65 were absent, OF whom q ma
jority did not wish to vote favorably.-See Arch
bishop Manntng's "Petrt Prtvilegium" (1Ond0n,
1871 and "The Pope and the Counci,n by Janus
(Boston, 1870). (See also "Old Catholics,'J