National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1874-04-23


adjacent country Is degraded; there 10 more thol
ough erosion than laterAlfHear, and the canon
mark the difference between the progress Of "a
general erc,on ny rains and the progress OF u
In this way the Colorado has cut along It's eours
i gorgss. The Rlo Virgen, Ksnsb, PARA. San Rs
fnel, and many others on the west, Diamond, Goa
nine, Flax river, San Juan, aud many others o.
row winding gorgss in the solid rock.
Every creek entering river runs In . canon
every brook tributary to . crock has cut . canon
shower, and living only during these showers, ha
soos g sas. the Thols d us r.sSn slSvsrss'
While the amount Of this river erosion Is o
great as 70 almost stagger belief We must remem
Der that y ssprsssnts bus small part Of the tOss
sgsncis. not iess than So5 re-. Of BEDS SaV
the sec Isl retired. We cannot suppose i tia
been no erosion but there are districts where thsr
more In some places and les. In othsrsf This ha.
been very interesting problem, and for It's solu
ton We have ascumulated n.ny facts.
glance q the map reveals the fact that tn
contours o. this region are angular; canons Will
and L some places, impassaSis barriers to travel
benches, mesas and piateaus that terminate II
Rounded huis ana gentle valleys are r.rsl,
seen. Tho conditions under which corrugatioI
erosion and eruption have produced the wonderful
and gigantic topographic features have be en- tn
not stop 70 give the results Of these studies, al
though the theme 10 greatly attractive, but viii
briefly state one coaclusion at which we hsy'
arrived; the displacements marked BY the fold
ing and fsuising, the erosion and eruptions wer,
simultsaeels they began ct about the same time
and have al continued until very recent period
and probably are still In progress. 81.
I have thus briefly Indicated the extent and
character OF the geological work which has beer
performed.
ErHNoLoGY.
During the continuance Of the survey much
country; and these studies have been extended t.
tribes beyond the limits Of the country embraced
j, sii S.,:sy indicate the character of the mate
TIE fo!I I Is ils. ., the language, (. q
lected in each: Pal Ute, 500; Ute, 1,600; Nu-a
gun-tits LOO: Cod Utes, 500; Psyi-o-tsoes, 800
To-so-wates, 500; Shi.ni-mo, 500; Navajo. 800
Chem;a-hu $50; Pa-yants, lSo; Sho-sho-nee
In this chronological department we have alsc
paid. some attention to the structure Of the Ian
guages and have collected q large AMOUNT Q
s-aand Go-si Ute. Their words, denoting per
sSzsal relationship among al the tribes, has beer
mixed consangulnity have been determined.
| We have found another interesting field o.
work In obtaining geographic, astronomlc AND
vealed 10 as some very Interesting facts concern
| ing the Indians conception OF nature. 80
| Their mineral systems have been carefully
bers have been discovered. Their mythological
terms and names been collected as far IS possible
and this has resulted In q study Of their myth
ology, Of which shall make mention hereafter
The pronoun has also been carefully studied
and It has boon found that the general concept
Of possession as denoted, in the simple form o.
| Ilsh L. AaA fnka Nhraa ~ta 81
pronominal forms denoting entire possession; an
other, that the person or thing possessed belongs
to this or that individual; and q third, denotine
| that this or that Individual possesses the prop
| erty rather than some other person, for example
A Ute, looking at band OF horses and saying
they were all bis, would use the form Of the pro
there were several horses and he wished to speak
of one OF them as his own, the second form would
used bat in Of one Or more horne
ones else, the third form would be used.
But the grammatical structure has been chiefly
studied in the verb, O. subject so intricate as 4
preclude Its diseussiQp here,
PoL1rfcAL 6nGASIzATroS. Cd.
All that great region OF country between tn,
Rocky mountains and the Sierra Neyada, stretch
| ing from Northern Oregon TO the gulf OF Califor
mia, Is by the Indians divided into territories
sometimes we'll defined by natural boundaries
such as mountain chains, streams, canons, sc.
and TO each district there belongs tribe Of In
dians These Indians have no term which signi
fies tribe or nation-that is collection Of people
under one government, but each tribe takes thu
name Of the land to which II is attached, and 4
| you desire to ask an Indian to what tribe he be
Soa n bs
Is thus attached TO his land, and his nsme Is hi!
title-deed to his home. These land names ART
by which the tribes who are on friendly and init
mate relations know each other.
But another class Of names are also found By
which tribes farther separated, either in geo
| QraDliC lauRuaQ0 horedltarV
mites, know each other. These names denote
some popularity in the people or in their habIti
known by the surrounding tribes as Toso-wates
| or w hite- Knives; the Utes call the Sioux Sa-ri
tl-kai, or Dog Eaters; they call the Navajo:
Pa-gu-wates, or Reed-kniyes; and so any one
tribe may be known to the surrounding tribes BY
several names i have found In no instance that
white mon know the Indians BY their true names
been known to another has been accepted. apd
usually corrupted more OF less and applied In
definitely to number Of tribes.
Thus all the tribes OF this country have at least
three names, one BY which they know themselves
one or more by which they are known to the sur
rounding tribes, and third by which they are
Their government has also been o very inter.
estIng subject Of study. Their daily life, habits
and customs, as OF marriage and burial, have
Of obtaining subsistence, and we ind them using
great variety Of seeds, fruits, leaves inner bark
| fleshy stalks, and the roots and bulbs of plants
various botanical gardens in Europe and America
have been stocked Nth them.
Z not srgs thai ssse indians liye ;h,oy b
table dot and they Cultivate many plants, one d
which, d lenst, has been proved TO be new to
science; nor were the Indians prior 70 the advent
Is, as We understand that term, people who wap
der about st random.
Each little tribe or governmental organization
Is strictly confined 90 the territory giving its
name to the tribe. and they move abouk onlv