davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
A History of Moving Machines.

The Oldest moving machines, though
very rude, were used by the Gauls. A
cart, having blades arranged in front,
was pushed forward into the grain by
oxen hitched on behind, and thus cut
on the heads. A system of six rotating
scythes was made by Joseph Boyce in
1879, and an attempt to use the same
principle was made by Gompretz and
Mason, in 1852. In 1811-1815, Smith,
OF Deans, once brought out machine
IN which short vertical revolving
cylinder carried knife on it's lower
end but all these rotating machines
have proved impracticable. Robert
Meares, in Frome, in Somersetshire,
established, in 1900, the shear principle
as the only practical one. Salmon, in
Woburn, in 1907. built o machine with
row of blades and fingers moving over
them, and also applied the reel. The
Scotch parson, Patrick Bell, of Forfar-
shire, in 1926, and William Manning,
OF Plainfeld, N. j., in 1882, were the
founders of the present style of ma
chine. Manning was the first to attach
the draught at the end of the machine,
all others previously having been
pushed from behind. Obed Hussey.
of Cincinnati, attached the side-plat-
form and slit-fnger. Mccormick, then
of Rockbridge, Va, now of Chicago, in
1885 improved the Manning and Hus-
sey machine, and the appearance of
these at the London Exposition, in
1851, was the signal for their introduce
ti0n into onporo1 71co
The oldest threshing- machine Tex
cept the antiquest) was made by
Michael Menzies, in 1872, or perhaps
at the same time by Tull, consisting of
rotating cylinder with fails. Several
others followed shortly, some like a
four-mill, and in 1892, Willoughby, of
Bedford, made one like that of Men
zies, which Won Thaer brought to Ger
many, and which served as a model for
the Mecklenburg thresher. The ma
chine of James Wardropp, of AmpthelI,
in Virginia, is on a similar principle,
only the heaters are sticks moving up
and down. Finally, in 1856, Andrew
Meikle, of birmingham, East Lothian,
laid the foundation of the present form,
by using a drum with four heaters
parallel to the axis, that carried the
grain between itself and a concave,
furnished with similar rods. An
American, named Mofitt, in 1854, sub
stituted spikes for the rods, though
Menzies' machine adheres to the old
system.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
Four Distinguished Men Predict a Eu-
rOpean War.

Father Hyacinthe and Victor Hugo
have joined Mr.. Disraeh and the Pope
in prophesying the approach OF ire
mendous war, which shall rage all over
Europe and elsewhere. Mr.. Disraeli
predicted that the war would be a re-
ligious one, and that it would convulse
the globe. The Pope described the i'm
pending struggle as one between the
armies of the Archangel Michael and
the hosts of Satan. According to the
representation of Father Hyacinthe,
the coming war will be three-fold, and
will include fearful conflict between
popular rights and the power of capital,
in which the combatants will tear each
other to pieces. According to the vati-
cination of Victor Hugo, the great and
inevitable encounter is to be g between
two principles, republic and empire.
He says that 'twe have before us-ln
Europa series of catastrophes whlch
engender each other. and which must
be exhausted" that "we can get
glimpse of peace only across a shock
of arms ;" that " between the present
and the future there is fatal inter-
position y that the &c Kings must ex-
plate their crimes;" and that the
separation of the people will result in
federation and fraternity. He thus
closed his prophecy of the +" Universal
Fatherland :" "The solution is this
The United States of Europe. The end
will be for the people-that is to say,
for liberty and for God-that is to say,
for peace There must surely be
something in the atmosphere of Europe
that leads so many prophets to prephesy
the approach of war-war about re-
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
A Trick Upon The Ignorant.

The new 81 legal-tender note has
upon it's back two large cross lines,
which form almost the Roman figure
ten. To the Impractical handler of
money mere glance at the reverse
side would indicate that it represented
on it's back ten times the value of it's
face. In the South the colored people
in many instances have received them
for $40 bills, and the Treasury is adj
vised that quite profitable business
has been carried on by some scamps in
this way. These reports are supported
by the collateral evidence which is fur
nished through the large number of
bills of large denomination which have
been changed with ones at the request
of Southern correspondents by the
United States treasury. In Canada, it
is said, the note, for this reason, is re-
fused altogether, and a large number
are daily received at the Treasury for
exchange into other notes. Washi,ag-
ton Evening Star.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
Experiments with Toads.

DR.. auckland, to test the matter in
some degree, made some remarkable
experiments. He caused twelve circular
cells Or cavities to be cut in large
block of coarse oolitic limestone, with
provision for an air tight glass cover to
each cell. Twelve other cells were cut
in block of silicious sandstone.
Twenty-four live toads were put into
the cells, one in each, the covers
fastened down air-tight, and the blocks
of stone buried three feet deep in
garden. They were left undisturbed
for twelve months, at the end of which
time the cells were opened. All the
toads ia the sandstone rock were dead /;
but most of those in the oolitic (the
cells of which were larger) were still
living; some had lessened in weight,
some had increased but, as few of
the plates of glass were found cracked,
1t was deemed possible that minute in
sects might have entered. The living
toads were left alone for another twelve
months, at the end of which time all
were dead. Seen through the glass
covers, the poor fellows seemed to be
always awake, with open eyes. Per-
haps they were marveling what crime of
theirs had subjected them to sentence
of two years solitary confinement. A
smaller experiment accompanied this
principal one. DR.. Buckland placed
four toads in three cells or holes cut for
the purpose in the trunk of an apple
tree. Two were companions in the
largest cell, the other two occupied a
small cell each but though small,
these cells were tolerably roomy for
middle-sized toads, being about five
inches deep by three inches diameter.
The cavities were carefully and closely
plugged with wood. All four toads
were found dead and decayed at the end
of the first year. In another subsidiary
experiment, four small basins of plaster
of Paris were scooped out, live toad
placed in each, and a cover luted down,
alright on the top. The whole were
buried underground. Twelve months
afterward two of the toads were dead,
the other two living, but greatly enact
ated. To SUM up: the best naturalists
now agree that, however wonderful the
ascertained phenomena really are, frogs
and toads cannot live one year wholly
without air, nor probably two years
wholly without feod.-AU the Year
Bound.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
The Western Railroad Alliance.

The full text of the celebrated COM
pact entered into at the meeting of rail
road magnates at Saratoga last July
was published for the first time in New
York in the Graphic of October 20,
and this publication furnishes the first
opportunity to realize the full magni-
tude of this tremendous combination of
hitherto antagonistic railroad interests.
This combination is in brief union by
which twenty-threel large railroads form
ing a complete chain Of communication
between New York and Omaha bind
themselves to adhere to uniform rates
of tariff as fixed from time to time by
seven commissioners selected from
among the companies, and to indulge
in no competition among themselves.
The alliance thus formed is one of
the most stupendous in it's magnitude
that has ever existed in this or any
other country. The number of roads
included is larger than that composing
the entire railway system of many of
the States of Europe, and the miles of
railroad to be operated under it's rules
would be enough to stretch across the
continent.
To furnish some idea of the vast ag-
gregation of capital which the great
alliance represents the following table
is presented, showing the actual paid
up capital and outstanding bonds of
the roads uniting in the compact
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

The Democratic Convention of the Fifth
Massachusetts District has passed resolutions
favoring Gen. Banks, who is to run as an in
dependent candidate.
The opponents of the Tammany Hail De-
mocracy, in New York city, have nominated
Oswald Ottendorfer for Mayor
Baxter, the author of the famous Temper
ance law, who was candidate for the Legis-
lature from Wayne county, Indiana, has been
defeated.
Full official returns of the late State cleo
ton in Ohio show that 238, 406 votes were cast
for Mr.. Bell, Democrat, for Secretary of
State; 221,204 votes for Allen T. Wikoff,
Republican; and 1915 for John r. Buchtel,
Prohibitionist, for the same position. Bells
official majority over Wikoff is 17,202 votes
The official majorities in the several Con-
gressional districts of the State are as fol-
low.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
Eorty-third Forty-tourth
Congress. Congress.

Here we have loss of fifteen from
the Republican side of the house and
corresponding gain by the Democracy.
The total number in Congress is 292.
The Republican delegation numbers
1876, being a majority of 81. The
States to held electionson November 3,
with their present representation, are
as follow:
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

The proposed tunnel under the chan
mel between France and England will be
thirty miles long-about twenty miles
under the water and five miles, on each
side, of gradual approach. The long
approach is made necessary by the
great depth of the tunnel, which will be
200 feet under the bottom of the chan
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

The college authorities have taken
the war-path to put down hazing.
Michigan University this year exacts
pledge from students for the discon-
tinuance Of the custom, and Harvard
appeals to the patres familioratna to
IL 10: 4al.l 1-.-eI L. -
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

EVERY married man in Pittsburgh has
turned builder, and is creating a
gondola unto himself, since a returned
Venetial traveller upset one on the river
and drowned his wife. The girls look
on in calm approval.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
An Associated Press dispatch from Wash

An Associated Press dispatch from Wash
ington states That intimate friends of the
President say he has made no allusion what
ever to them concerning the question of
third term, nor is it known that any one has
mentioned the subject to him, or that
he has in any way expressed himself in such
manner as to incline them to believe he has
aspirations in that direction They further
remark that, although much has been said and
written upon the subject, the question has
not come to him in form requiring reply,
and therefore any utterances he might make
would not only be gratuitous and intrusive,
but contrary to usage.
General.
A convention of those interested in the re-
moval of the capital from Washington to the
Mississippi valley assembled at Louisville the
other day. Twenty-seven delegates from
five States were present.
The Missouri State Grange met at Kansas
City, Oct. 20. Over 100 delegates were pres
ent representing ninety-one counties in the
State. Master Allen delivered his address,
III @ho AOOOAAAAOAANOu IudLy liz
stated that there were 1895 oranges in the
organization, and that the order was flourish
ing.
The New York World asserts that out Of
every one hundred Mongolians who come to
theUuited States, twenty-five are criminals.
1t is probable that the Emperor of Brazil
will visit this country during the centennial.
The Episcopal General Convention, in sos
sion at New York. has refused to confirm Dr.
Seymour as Bishop of the Diocese of Illinois.
The State prisons of New York and other
States are literally running over" There
are at present 1903 .convicts in the Illinois
Penitentiary at Joliet.
A dangerous rock has been discovered in
the Atlantic ocean, about $50 miles east of
New York, lying in the track CT our commerce
with Europe. 1t is supposed that some of the
ocean steamers that have been lost without
leaving any trace of their fate have been
wrecked upon this reef,
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

A FRIEND once called on President
Lincoln. He had shaken hands with
him, observing, "Don't be scared, Mr..
Lincoln, I don't want an Office" sis
that so % asked the President, "then
give us another shake"
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

This total of more than half a billion
dollars represents the sinews of war
with which this alliance offers battle to
competing roads.-NeaU York Graphic.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29
The Congressional Position.

The Cincinnati Commercial gives the
following summary of Congressional
elections up to date
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1874-10-29

First District-Sayler, Dem. ..... 1914
Second District-Banning, Dem. ,535
Third District-Savage, Dem .........,....1,16 2
Fourth District cMahon, Dem ............1 ,O99
Fifth Distrct-Rice, Dem. ..............519 1899
Sixth Dstrict-Hurd, Dem. ...............1,78 7
Seventh District--Neal, Dem ...............2 225
Eighth District-Lawrence, Rep. .,........... 1878
Ninth Distrct-Poppleton, Dem .......... 428
Tenth Distrct-Foster, Rep. ................. 100
Eleventh District--Vance, Dem. i ,941
Twelfth District-Long term, Walling, Dem. 1913
Short term Finch Dem 4, 789
Thirteenth District--Southard, Dem. .... g, 951
Fourteenth District--Cowan, Dem 6, 1870
Fifteenth Dstrict-Van Voorhees,, Rep. 999
Sixteenth District-Danford, Rep. L ,236
Seventeenth District-Woodworth, Rep. =. 276
Eighteenth DistrictMonroe, Rep. 2, 1874
Nineteenth District, Garfield, Rep. {, 346
Twentieth Distr1ctPayne, Dem .............. 2,519
1t will be remembered that there was no
choice for Congressman in the Second YER
mont district (Pollards) at the September
election, a majority being necessary to elect
A second trial is to take place November 8,
when whoever gets the most votes will win.
Although Judge Poland has formally with
drawn, he is reported to be hard at work in q
quiet way; but the prospect is that Mr..
Dennison will be chosen.
The official vote on State officers ia Indiana,
of State-Curry, Republican, 164,955; Neff.
Democrat, 182,053; Bowles, Independent,
1875; Stout Independent, 1881. Auditor
Wildman, Republican, 165,263; Henderson,
Democrat, 1922; Prescott Independent
10, O53. reasurer-Glover Republican, 1884,
971 ; Shaw, Democrat, 18l, $50; Bennett, In
dependent, 19,O25. Attorney-G General Denny,
Republican, 166, 1853; Buskirk, Democrat,
1859; Beele, Independent, 1854. Super
intendent of Public Instruction-Blo Re-
publican, 164, 952 Smart, Democrat, 1SO,986 !;
Graham, Independent, 1884. Judge of the
Supreme Court-Osborne, Republican, 1885,
TIC; Broole, Democrat and Independent,
$4,000.
The official returns Of the election in Ohio
show that thirteen Democrats and seven Repub-
Leans are elected to Congress, while the DEM
ocratic majority on the State ticket is little
over seventeen thousand.
The communists of Chicago have nomi-
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08

Wallace arrived in Chester, and stated to
numerous respectable citizens here, among
them several eminent members of the
bar. (NIessrs McAliley and Brice.) that
he had ascertained as an unquestionable
fact that the negroes of the vicinage
had formed a conspiracy to slaughter
the whites, and that he was then cs.
corting his daughter, who lived in that
portion of Fairfield, to place Of safety
This declaration, coming from one who
had long been recognized by the co!ored
citizens Of this section as their devoted
political leader, and unswervlng friend
and champion Of their civic rights, gave
to the wild rumor confirmation strong
as proofs of holy writ, and the colored
people, who preponderate largely in the
central and western portion Of this county,
at once became objects Of SUSPICION
B. G.. Booker was at once accused OF be-
ing leader in the plot in the McAliley
precinct, and the name Of Martin Crosby
was given by his accusers as the coloret
man who had diyulged the plot and char
ced Booker with being party to it." The
Judge then said that a warrant has been
issued for the arrest Of Booker and given
to the armed whites alluded to, to execute
Booker and several others against whom
warrants hal been issued protested their
innocence and fed to the Chester court for
protection, which, said Judge Mackey,
they shall have to tho fullest extent Al
ter making the declaration under the sol
cmn sanction Of his official oath that the
charge Of conspiring to murder the whites
made against the population of a portion
Of Fairfield County is totally devoid Of any
foundation in fact, the judge charges the
grand jury to make rigid investigation
into the whole matter. lie said: 81 do
not propose that there shall be any prose
cution IN this instance, for no actual vio-
lcnce was done, and the white citizens
were cxcusablc for believing a charge
that bore the sanction of such high au-
thority as the Congressman from the
Fourth Congressional District, who
doubtless most sincerely believed it him.
self, and if it were true Of Fairfield, why
not true Of Chester ?" 1t is understood
that the grand jury of the county have
been called to meet on the first Monday
in October to make their report Aftcr
the solemn declaration made by Judge
Mackey. it is not difficult to predict what
will be the tenor of the report.
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08

TIE FAlnr!rLp AND CHESTER TRou-
rLE At the laat term Of the Court Of
General Sessions !or Chester County,
judge Machcy invited the attentI"n oi
the grand jury to the recent disturbances
in Fairfield anl Chester Counties. lie
said that a band Of armed white men had
appeared at the Carmel Hill precinct On
The 18th instant. and compelled many
citizens to ab:nGon their homes a"d seek
shelter from threatened violence in the
woods: that the reason given for lis dem
on>tlation ON e part Of the whites was
that the negroes il that section lad cn~
tered into Il pi t t. Kill all the whIIes.-
This most malignant and unwarran'od
charge. said he, had its origin in the
following facts: IGaut two weeks ago
rumor ran through the adiaccn, county
of Fairfield that the colorci population OF
the i,Blcc settlement i'll that county,
hal organized for the purpose Of Staying
the whites in that vicinity, and that they
had fixed upou saturday night, the 18th
instant to execute the bloody plan. The
rumor ran with electric velocity through
this county, ..,, wing, however, but little
credencc from the rejecting portion OF
the community, until the Hon y. 5
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08
The Disturbance in Edgelield.

The following statement Of the facts of
the disturbance in Edgefeld, have been
furnished the Ncrs and Courier by lead
ing citizens Of that County:
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08

y LIVE LANTERN.--In the West In
dies, and some other hot countries, there
are distant relations of our glow worms
and fire flies that carry much larger
sparks. These insects give so much light
that they are caught by the natives, and
sometimes a dozen at a time are put into
gourd pierced with many holes, each too
small for the insect to escape through.
The opening by which they arc put into
the goard is then stopped up, and the
live lantern is ready to be carried about
on dark nights, as you som ,times carry a
glass one \ very convenient lantern
the insects make, for the flame never
burns anything, and never goes out.
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08
FssN SALE.

The HOUSE and LOT on Broad Street, no"
occupied by the subscriber, first rate bns'
ness Stand. The House contains seven rooms
with good Store in front. y bargain can o'
had if applied for soon. o,soy
August p. ~
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08
A Great Gale.

We take the following account OF the
terrible storm which visited Charleston.
s. G., on Monday, 2Sth ult., from the
.Nocs aaa Courier Of that city:
The long immunity which Charleston
has enjoyed from disastrous gales was in
terruptel yesterday by a disaster which
has probably destroyed over quarter of
a million dollars worth Of property. In
the early part of the present month every
body was on the lookout for the equinoc-
tial storm. because there exists kind
Of tradition that severe and disastrous
eouinoxcs occur once in every twenty
years, and it is just twenty years since the
destructive gale Of 1851. But when the
DIST of the mouth had passed without
bringing the disagreeable visitor people
beran to think that Charleston woGld
after all escape the dreaded infection
For over fortnight the wind had been
blowing steadily from the east, and at
times the weather assumed a threaten
ing aspect. but not sufficiently 50 to war-
rant the apprehension of a gale. On Sun
day evening at late hour it began to
blow stiAly in pulls and to rain, and
by daylight the wind had increased
considerably, blowing from the cast
and southeast. The steamer Dictator,
which arrived in the morning, reported
heavy weather at sea, but the captain
failed to observe any indications Of the
coming blow. About halfpast six or seven
O'Clock in the morning the wind grew
stronger, with heavy squalls and severe
puiIs. which created general apprehcn-
sions. At eight o'clock it was evident
that
THE GALE WAS UPON Us.
The sea was heaying and tossing in the
harbor. and the rapidly encroaching tide
bcgan to flood the wharvcs and streets
The squalls kept constantly increasing Iii
strength, aud the masters of vessels IN
port began to look anXiously to their
moorincs. At nine o'clock the tide had
risen so high that it covered all the
wharves on the eastern front Of the city
and flooded the streets to the depth OF
several feet. Many Of the wharvcs were
washed up, and several vessels parted from
their moorings and were driven on shore.
THE SCENE FROM TIE wHARvEs
at this time was terrific. In every direc
ton drift wood, bales Of cotton, wrecked
boats aud debris were being tossed about.
The wind. whistling through the rigging
of the shipping, made melancholy music
and the binding rain falling in torrents
rendered efforts to save anything almost
The Camden journal. [volume] (Camden, S.C.) 1866-1891, 1874-10-08

TuE suns RAYs.-The most delicate
slip Of gold leaf, says Prof Tyndall, ox-
posed rs a target to the suns shafts, is
not stirred to the extent Of a hair, though
an infants faintcst breath would set it in
tremulous motion The tenderest of the
human orsans-the apple Of the eye
though pierced and buffetcd each day by
thousands of sunbcams. suffers no pain
during the process, but rejoices in their
sweetness and blcsses the useful light
Yet few Of those rays insinuating them
selves into mass of iron, like the Britain.
MIA Tubular Bridge will compel the close
" knit PARTICLES to separate, and Will re-
move the whole enormous fabric with as
much ease as 4 giant would straw The
play of those beams upon our sheets Of
water lifts up layer after layer into the
atmosphere, and hoists whole rivers from
their beds, only to drop them again in
SHOWS upon the hills or in fattcning show
crs upon the plants. Let but the air drink
in Il little more sunshine in one place than
another, and it dcsolatcs awhole region in
its lunatic wrath The marvel is that q
power which is capable of assuming such
diversity of forms, and of produc y
stupendous results, should COM