davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04

- Our friend Leon Dessit>
whose Tousorlal Saloon is aadet
the ExehanPe Hotej has tie com
pleIes and most elegant, Shaving.
Hai1. Cutting and Ha.g Tying ga
loon outside OF New OtIeaDs.
10 better proofs needed Of Tie
hold Leon has OH the affections OF
our citizens than the ease ANA speed
with which he har run III all com
gsfi rfor.
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04
TERMS

THE CAUCASIAN is published week
)r, at Three Dollars per annum-
PAYABLE IN ADV A n CEi M
subscription taken for less period
than six months
ADVERTISEMENTS inserted Mt the
rute 1T ONE DOLLAR per square for
the first insertion and FIFTY CENTS
for eaeh subsequent one.
EIaHr lines Of less, (BREy1ER) consti-
fute u SNARE.
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04

TIE HAPlDEs GAZErTE.--We
'lni,tpntioEaliy omitted TO thank
he Editor OF the Gazette for his
kind wishes to us personally, III
Iact our aei1nowled genynts were III
type and were only lett oat with
other matter hat had been set up
in the hurry and confusion, neces
Sariiy attending the first issue Of Il
paper,
Although We are or the other side
ri he fence aud, indeed, q iong way
oUt in the tiel,l on the other side,
we would be wanting in common
courtesy and doing violence to orr
oyu fee. l.gs, il We tailed to accord
10 tho Editor Of the Gazette and
certain positions taken by his pa
per, our own good wishes person
ally, and praise for his mauiiness.
There must and OF cou. st, be a
great difference between MS III poll
ties, and while we shall wage WA
upon his political party, We Shall
i,s,}s noth.ag dero9atery to say ot
the Editor Ui Tie Gazette, as lodg
as he pulSncs the manly course bt
has heretofore taken.
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04
WEEKLY REPORT

By JOHN A. HTILIfHS, GOrFRN-
lfENT 0BSERTLH or THE STIGE
or Ws4TER At aiEX4ADRI4, FOR
THE WEEK ENDING IpRIL 3rd.
1874 OBSERFJ1I0N IiAEA ~ :
O'CLOCK Il II
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04
The Changers.


State Grange of Louisiana, has
lnAn ii, our city for the last five Or
sis days. organizing the first grange
in this parish. "A large humber If
souf respectable AMI go ahead farm
IerS. ,ayt. become members, and we
suppose the order will extend over.
eur parish, by establishing slbor-
iinate societies. at eonyen len t
places. The rapislity with which
that order has extended over al
most every State i'll the Union, and
its large membership, demonstrates
its popularity the good, that it
has already accomplished tor the
agricultural interest Of several
States, SHOWS the necessity for the
order, in organizing into society
/, + mutual protection, those engag
ed is agricultural pursuits.
Ii is not intended for political
organization. although the gran
gers, particularly III the recent
ELECTION. in the Western States,
have made their power and intIu-
ence felt in politics. They defeated
many Of the old ring politicians,
who had so long nandered TO the
in influence of grinding monopolies,
that were SO oppressive to the far
lner's interest. It is a secret socle
~, and one OF its distinguishing
characteristics is, its admission Of
the wives aud daughters OF those
belonging to the order, to full
membership, and giving them a
voice III all OF its business affairs.
Socially we would say it is a good
thing, as it is nothing more than i
Farmers society, elevated, purifier,
aud refined, by tue high ana emo
/ bling influences of woman.
/ these oranges will only bring
our farmers and their families to-
ecther, and break up the evils OF
isolation, they should be encour
aged aud fostered, even. for that
purpose alone. We in this coun ,
| try are becoming more and more
uusoclnb|e, the results perhaps OF
poverty, the want OF proper convey
al,ces aud lndispositlon TO leave
home, may be the causes Of this
evil; but certainly it is destructive
OF happiness aud OF progress, as
there ii nothing which tends to
Isfiniate thought and action, so
much as a general and constant
/ Interchange Of ideas, with those
Iarounl us. We hope then the
oranges will be il success. and sup
IpI., ibis deficiency SO long felt, III
! cur Parrish.
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04
--z~ y ssss-s y

Old Led Is boo.niug, it will
probably be falling III ct day or
aWG.
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04

ia oIues Gazette ON Colfax
Prisoners

.
Prisoners.
We give below the halt of He
editor Al n last Saturdays issue Of
the Rapides Tazctte the Republican
otgan here, headed The Grant Par
ish Prisoners, which an 40 net Of
,liisti.e 70 unfortunate mud hpersecu.
ted mon, comments the writer to
mere favorabi.sHotIce at the hands
OF our citizens, than has been aC.
corded 60 the Editor Of the Gazette
heretofore. II required no little
moral courage IL come ont as open.
~ and speak 40 plainly in favor Of
men who have l,een branded BY his
party, rs 6 murslprers,n 6 fiends Of
heiis and !. aSs.+sins.r GA the part
'of the Editor Of the Gn7etfe and as
he has displayed the courage, we
render to hila tire praise that is his
due freely and gladly
| r,L.n t,,oo,har r;t, H. ho,a
Se.'''u h''fesolofs aS ' oy the
same paper against ignorance in
office, we find that there viii not be
.snch very wide difference be.
-. n
! HN'a 49, 0'sssso f1i''s o''''1i'
sas VIII ioree It's t'lIo any very
ter quarrel upon these two au
tions at laaef Wau;I, a,wavs
~, ~. ;,,;
100 80 s''s.'''' ~ 'oi'i''7hu
afF'cies N'iei VIC Hi1u them
worthy Of it rs Lis Colfax article
below.
/. 80
-,
y men me occurrence nc Goi1ax
lHfst fo'k F''aee many persons, oh
EsAi' among ne h''1i'''ef4 io9raad W
ioi. ~ as ~ s,A'hseaDie outrage com
| ihistea Chilly on afconnt o. pa'i
ga f'1o'isss ana from hafFed g
i'siseS. Jul Aiileh hhell We III
| heait' statements ol tue sile ealia
ot ,'ie u'fiottasfa'e all'aif' LIZ
sources W. ss'1ho1 uahpf' wiz
.s"se 'iia''fi1i'1s fnaaeeh Cur Up
i'''s' 'ss We ta'i'i0i suphha to'oI
i''ss'' ~ g s''''ise WITCH We snoe
fesasti 9 atfa@s1'sas a,sa MUG.
aoi', ~ witt '''itS. WV = y ~
aus ''ae i'al'e's' ff'alsa'as hoo %
lou 'l'''" 80 ''sis a'e 'l ~ gan
% '''s f'"s sff''s'e'' 'a's'ss 'ie' 'sl 7
,N'sa y '',''.'s sa'.h = ,p""e
W ~. - n.y. ~ a'ii ~ w 'sii',''
~ 80 VIZ ~ ..s '''e "
's.'s'sss' ~ : :. a'''' 'f,'if''s .'A's'n
.''''. - ! i. 80 9 49, - 80 ~
- ~ - =, - s''ei1 's,e'''' -.
-, 80, '''F :, '"s' '''''.' '''' - =,
'''' = 80 is'.tis',o' : ''''' ,''s
1850 = !. 80 ''s. 80 -, - ~
49, - ~ Z. =, = .'.'. - ':epo
/ 49, -, ~. 49, 49,
. :, 80, ~, ~ s"''. 1877 ~
''''' i't"'ii 't'i".n'' 80 - A''A"
'eo">''s' 's'"' .'"ss,''es VIZ ~ ''''S -.
w. ~ '.na'h ~ "pi'N"'
IVY ~" tf'e fo'isffs ~ T"i'si.s
f,'i' 8; NV i'ao'.', 'i'"se = 'itsciN 70 w
mo "a'i'e 'nth@ 'itsfe ~ itg'la 10 ah
'1ilefdht dha hfhsal moo q ~
interior ldf"' Wh" ''ad not Only AZ
ready eotamlftea st'ep oVlfagest
I'M WHO 'iaa taie'tsehea itai fher
violence " Nlilte urn ans afsHo'aof
I t" 'lie'r wives ai'd daughters Al
ihis we eetie'e TO nave 'eFn zone
/ ~ eoiofe'' s'ieh ~ afal'' raFss'',
/ last SDfInu before the fight. because
The Caucasian. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1874-1875, 1874-04-04

10 Moses iso>entIal gave us a
piece vi Tobacco aud dared us to
regulate our pali' in accordance with
The size Of rhe piece and quality Of
the tobacco. Our pui1-D-n bad.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01
BLANKS
Ar THR
Voter ONCE

We now have, and shall always keep on
band, for Sale at very Lew Rates. BY the
quire or singly, tho following Blanks, very
MO. " printed ut I'll IL Office:
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01
..nYsIcIAns AND DIR ossisYs.

A prominent New York physlrisn lately com
pls.ued 20 JUNDAs DICK shout his sAsbsL~oop
~ cApsLlks. stating that s'uetisiss they enrei
uirncnlonsly, hot that psiiert Of his had taken
them nr sup,s time without effect 0n being in
toT mad that several limitations made and sold
he htqaired sud fund that his patent han leon
tsting capsules sold In tottlss, and not pUSDAS
DIX 6t0s
what happened TO this physician may have hap
reupd u others and pUNDAs DiCE CD. take this
method OF protecting physicians, druggists end
themselves, aud preventing OH Of ssndaiwood from
eonli, Y ibto disrrputs
continue ~ 20. for the cop,sin thsy Pure OH In
the h~.t and chrsp@tt form.
DUkDAs DICk ca us. more OIL Of ssndsl
wood In the manufacture ~ their Capsules
th.b al the whossie ADD retail druggists sDd
p-rfumrrs in tho United states combined, aud this
IL III. so reason why tie Pure Otl 10 sold
cheaper In their Capsules than in spy othr
form.
III Or s.EDALwoOp 10 fast super sedins syes
ether remedy. s!xty Capsules otly teing rsaricd
% insure a safe sud c~ttaiu core In tx or rigbt
days Faom other medicine can this result b.
had
Dicks soft capsu'es solve tbs problem long coo
siier-d by many eminent physicians, o. how 20 avoid
the aud disgust experienced In s~siiewing
hlrh sr. w,l ku.wn 10 detrnct from II not destroy,
The good effects II many valuable remedies
eft Cstsui.s arc put No ia tiDfoil anu neat boxes
thirty IN sscb aid the only capsules pre-orih
by phy.ttsBs
- These were the only Capsules nd
mIts~d 10 the last Pari- Eapostsios.
sst.s f,r Iieuiar TO 70 Wooster street, y. y.
sold az I'LL Drug Stores.
t:.uetai Ago. ~. Ito Resde atr~et, N. Y. (u-sd
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01

The greatest curiosity in the State,
In the shape of an artesian well, we
presume, can be shown in Story
county. 1t is located on the farm Of
Mr. Torkel Henryson, about half a
mile northeast Of Story City, in the
northwest township In the county.
Ii has been running for about three
months, aud the amount Of water Is
constantly increasing. Its depth is
80 to 90 feet, with tubing two inches
IN diameter, through which the wat
ar comes with such force that ii Is
thrown full 20 feet in the mir. The
How IL now over three gallons per
minute greater than when it was
first completed.--NeUada Representa-
the.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01
The Cash system.

Judging by the action OF business
men In this city and the apparent
effect Of that action, il is discovered
that the cure for the present condi
tion nf things, IL The cash system
Merchants wio mark down their
go Is only are dong good trade.
We know there are men who believe
that the commerce of the country
could not he conducted without
credit. 1t Is probably a fact that
ihpre would not be as large CONNER
eial transactions ut once; but IL II
also true that snch transactions a.
did occur would more accurately
represent the needs of the people
that they would not be tempted t.
bay what they did not need !; AT any
tc, Ii they We're so tempted the
goods would be paid for and no DE-.
raDgement could result thereafter to
my one but themselves in c0nse-
qrnee Of their inprovidence.
We wish IL WAS one Of the obliga-
lions to which farmers subscribe
wien they become Patrons of Uus.
bnudry, that they buy only what
they ,an pay for on delivery; then
We should urge every farmer to he.
come member Of the order, and
every mechanic, artisan and consum-
or to join the Order Of Patrons al
Industry If this were one one Of it,
obligations Whatever business Il
dome on credit Is done mt the risk OF
some one; and there IL no security
against just such panics and depress-
ions as we have experienced and are
experiencing go long ~ this vicious
system is adhered to. The men who
are out Of debt to-day are the only
happy men, from business point OF
view. Owe no man - Moore's Rural
NelD Yorker.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01

DIR. Cumming, the celebrated pros
pbdtic preacher of London, ON the
9Th, instant, delivered lecture IN
biz own cflifch. on the subject do
Missions Pay?" He coptended that
experience had proved that women
were more valuable rs missionaries
than men, giving numerous instan-
GEES; aud as d proof that missions
were profitable, even as "a Gunner
cial speculation, he showed that the
Introduction OF the Bible into heath
.4n lands had immediately opened a
road to civilization and tradc.--
10ackzys.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01
new s,yiaole.

Scalawags are now swindling farm
ers OUT Of divers SUMS for using ctr-
Tain kinds uf gates, harrows, and IN
Benton county sireMd scamp has
made many farmers pay for using
three-horse douhIe-trees, claiming
that he was the pateniee. The
Ha,ekeye says there ism organized
gang ,,i these. scnuHdrels scattered all
over Iowa, and that they are plying
their vocation of extorting money
from green ones by such means "a
the above-they preferring to pay s.
to s25 rather than 10 confront law
suit. Our advice is to kick every
such rascal AZ soon as he puts in an
and if that fails, take y
lied stake 10 him. They are all
swindIers.- Waterloo Cou-
rier,
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01

Last Monday dec. 22d), was the
anniversary Of the landing Of the
Pilgrim Fathers" ship load Of
ardent old Lowers Of religious liberty
who loved IL SO well that so soon rs
they got goot-hold on the Rock, !"
they slit the ears OF Quakers and
burned witches. These " Pilgrim
Fathers" were a lively set Of specula-
tors, and introduced in America the
system of fleeing the aborigines in
the name OF the Lord, aud Draining
Indian babies In the shadows Of their
meetiDg-houses. The anniversary of
their landing should be celebrated,
and the ceremonies should be- per-
formed by som singing through the
nose, while "pailing" old "Bossy"
after "A good supper Of "applesas5. -
Oitatn'a0d Den,Dcrdt.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01


The Cincinnati Enquirer IL inveter
ate in its hostility to Fernando
Wood, and refuses 10 recognize him
is the standard-bearrr Of the Demo-
cratic party. Hear it:
"His name is notorious through.
out the country as that of corrup-
zionist. Long before Tweed was no.
torious, Fernando Wood WAS known
and read Of all men. He Is RESPONSE.
Die for the system ~ addition, divis-
ion and silence which sent Tweed to
Jail and robbed the city Of New York
Of more millions than can easily he
counted. 1t Is the system OF public
stealing which pervades every con-
siderable city in the country, as we
have before asserted, and ils is evil
dent from the weekly developments
from many Of them. To have voted
for such a man mt such time on n
question Of political expediency for
partisan success, would have been "A
fragrant offense. But the votes cast
by the Democrats Of the House for
Wood were In the highest SENSE com.
pIiInentry votes. They indicated, or
were supposed to indicate, the sort
of men Democrats wish to compli.
nent."
1t may he said, without flattpry,
that theworst Republican in Congress
is better than the "picked man. of
the Democratic party.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01

The triumph Of the anti-railroad
interest In the California Legislature
seems 10 have been complete. Gov.
Booth, just elected to the Senate for
The long term, and ,juuge ilae.l
elected for the short term. wtre the
candidates against whom the railroad
Interest in that State combined. The
people were stronger, however, than
the monopolists. Dubuque Times.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-01
A Celestial Visitor.

A gentleman of this city received
a private letter from parties In Mis-.
souri,, which states that few days
ago a nietoric stone. glowing with
lurid fame, which was seen for m
tliu. of fifteen miles, by large num-
her Of people, fell to the earth near
Brunswick, landing near bri..Ia og
4 highway. 1t WAS Embedded deep
iy In the earth. but how far Il not
known. and projects ten feet above
The surface. Parties who went 10 il
Immediately after ii struck found ii
was red with heat. 1t is decidedly
risky, with such prfjeciiIes floating
bout in the circumambient air.
Register.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1874-07-10

HANDSOME APPOINTMENT FOR Col.
HI. D. WHITcoMR.-Col. Whitcomb who
lately resigned the position of Chief En-
gineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail-
road, has been appointed by the President,
one Of the United States Commissioners
to inspect the mouth of the Mississippi
river, and to be the disbursing engineer
officer Of the commission, Of which Gen.
Wright is President, and which is to meet
in New York on the 10th inst. The Rich
mond correspondent of the Petersburg
Nesvs says:
Col. H. D. Whitcomb, late Chief Engi-
neer of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad
Company, has been appointed under an
act Of Congress, one of the commission Of
engineers to examine the mouth of the
Mississippi river. This is one good fruit
of President Grants trip to Virginia. Col.
Whitcomb accompanied him from Staun-
ton to Charleston, and showed him all the
points of interest along the route, and did
not fail, suppose, to point out the diff
eulties that had to be overcome in the con-
struction of the road. Grant thinks he
knows something about good engineering,
and doubt not he really does. He was so
much pleased with Whitcomb's work, that
Immediately upon reaching Washington,
he telegraphed back to know if Col. Whit
comb would accept the position of men,
Der of the proposed Mississippi improve
ment commission; he got an affirmative
reply and the appointment was forthwith
made. The pay will not be less than SIS 900
This will not prevent him from acceptr g
the position Of chief engineer of the james
river improvement if it is offered him.
Still another engineer corps has to be OF
ganized--to make q survey of the James
River and Kanawha Canal, or central
water line. It is to be hoped that some Of
our engineers will be fortunate enough to
get appointments in it.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1874-07-10

TRANSMISSION OF LAMBS BLOOD INTO
THE HUMAN SYsTEM-In New York
Tuesday afternoon Drs. Mackriniex and
Hoffman made the first experiment in
system. The patient was twenty-five years
old, suffering with tuberclosa, and very
weak. The operation was performed on
the principle laid down by DR.. Gesselius, of
st. Petersburg, Russia. At 2 O'Clock in
the afternoon the operation commenced.
The arteria jug.tlaris was laid bare after
congresses had been applied. Incisions
were tfer made, and the connection form
ed by means of glass tube, spirally shaped
The transmission lasted two and half min
utes, and the quantity of blood transmitted
was estimated at from eight to ten ounces.
The patient experienced no difficulty what
ever in breathing.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1874-07-10

THE DISCHARGE OF THE FEMALE
CLERKS IN WAsHINGToN-The results of
recent Congressional legislation looking to
contraction of the number Of employees in
the government offices were felt quite Sc
verely in the Treasury Department Satur-
day, where several hundred employees
were discharged, making, with those dis
missed Friday, about six hundred in all.
The Washington s'Star" of Friday says:
But little work was done yesterday. No
one knowing who were selected for official
decapitatiOn, none had the heart to work.
AT half-past O'Clock the dreaded missives
were distributed, creating quite conster-
nation among the unfortunates and their
sympathiZing friends. The heaviest blow
craving and printing. In this division
alone 373 persons, nearly all females, re-
ceived notification of their discharge. A
shock of an earthquake could hardly have
produced more marked results. Fourteen
ladies tainted Four doctors were sum-
moned, and for a time the rooms were per
meated with odors of camphor and other
revivifying drugs. AT one time seven ladies
were Frustrated in one room, receiving
medical aid. Nearly all were crying, those
fortunate enough to retain their places
mingling their tears with their less fortu-
nate sisters Appeals were mode to the
chief OF the bureau, but while his Sympa-
thies were with the distressed ones, yet the
law was infiexible. and as an officer of the
government he had only to carry out its
provisions, and was poWerless to avert the
blow.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1874-07-10

az
AHUsBAND STEALS HIS OWN WIFE, T. f.
Several weeks ago it was announced IN Inc III,
newspapers that a man named =. ?, CaIllt my,
residing above Liberty, in BEDFORD county,
had abandoned his wife and fled TO paris
unknown. though he is believed to nave 1a,s
gone to Indiana Since that time MIS-.
Carney has resided at the the house OF nel
father, but few days since, as we learn
from tt g Bedford Sentinel to the astonlsn-
ment Of nearly every one. carney re-
turned, but kept himself secreted during
the day. He sent his wife a letter by
negro, the contents of which were known
to no one but herself About 8 O'Clock
Mrs. Carney left her fathers house I'M
known to any Of the family. and has. not
been seen by any of them since, Carney
and wife kept themselves secreted during
the day, and about o'clock thatnight got
on the western bound freight train near
Prices tank, and bid farewell to the vi
entity. Mr.. Carney was seen during the
day by some two or three of his acquain-
tances, but no one can account for the pc
culiar manner in which he has acted
Lar,shburg Neags.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1874-07-10

KILLED BY LIGHTNING.-ThO V.
johnson, aged Is years was instantly killed
by lightning in Bedford county, Va, last
week. The Lynchbu-g Nsacs saws:
He had been doing some farm work with
a horse. and his sister, who was with him,
insisted that, as thunder storm was COM
ing on, he had better retire to the house,
This he declined to do, saying that they
would take refuge under a large beech
tree, near by, and remarked that he had
never known 2 beech tree struck by light
ming. Scarcely had they Feached the tree
when it was struck and riven from the
top to the ground. and johnson and the
horse almost instantly killed. Miss john
son was also knocked down and badly
stunned, but is recovering. Her state
ment is that her brother, when he fell,
called to her to raise him up, which she at
tempted to do, when he Instantly expired.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1874-07-10

A CHILD's STORY OF THE KILLING OR
HER PARENTS. little girl, Bessie,
aged seven years, daughter of Rev. Mr..
Shreve and wife, of Botetourt county.
who were killed by lightning, gave the fol
lowing narrative of the calamity:
II heard the loud thunder, and some
thing fall I then ran into the room with
little Racine IN my arms, and when I cot
to the door saw uncle johnny trying to
get up. With the baby in one arm, | put
my other under him, and he got up. ran
to the window and then fell back on papa.
l ran to papa and put my hand upon his
heart, and felt it beat, and when I saw
him breathe, hoped my dear papa would
i've; ran, then, to mama, and, sure
enough, she was dead; and what in the
world to do then, [ did not know, but
lett little George holding to dear mama's
hand, with the baby on the floor, and took
the girl, calling her by name, who had
somewhat recovered, and ran over to Nh
Buhrman's, and ON my way got lost. but
I remembered that I was on the road to
Mr., Abram Ruhrman's, so I turned and
got on the right road and ran in and told
MI. Billy Buhrman that my dear father
and mother were both killed by lightning.
A letter describing the accident gives
the following remarkable incident:
Near the parsonage window, towards
which Mi. Shreve was facing. stand a
number of trees. The LIGHTNING entered
the room from the direction of these trees
striking him in the breast, leaving com,
plete photograph of the trees, clear and
distinct.