National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1874-04-06
TITLES.

ments in this difficult service 1t will be for Cap
tain Glover himself to tell"
TITLES.
Pope has stood first so long that we may put
It first once more, though It was not until the
fifth century that it became the particular at
tribute of tbs Bishop Of Rome, who, 50 far, has
been called Summus PontifeI;, It appears to
have been attributed to him by the Council of
Toledo in the year 400. Emperor and King are
both older, especially the latter; but Emperor
naturally headSthe catalogue Of pride, for no
other title has stood high In history no other
sound brings back to US as that one does the
memory of Rome, of Charlemagnep Of Ma
poleon. And yet-this very title disappeared in
Western Europe IN 476, and remained unknown
from that time until the new eorqueror received
It on Christmas Day, 800. It existed mean
while in Constantfnople, 1t is true; but this Is
no argument In the case, for the schismatic
Eastern Emperor never counted in the Catholic
world. And then we get to King, the universal
King, which has lasted from all time without
even change beyond that of literal transla-
ton from one language to another; the rank
which has 90 long lived that the Radicals must
sometimes ask themselves with perplexity how
they are to succeed in finally suppressing SO
tough an institution, and must wish for more
years like 1870, which proved again. the truth
of Voltaire's saying that "ofensive wars make
Kings, defensive wars make republics" It has
indeed been immensely and persistently en-
ployed. .....
Its originator can scarcely have suspected,
when he set the first example oft that he was
establishing the most durable of human grades,
and that, after him, the earth would behold
more Kings than the stars we see on frosty
night. (Lest the exactness of this comparison
should be disputed, let 1t at once be observed
that, in our latitude, only 4, 200 stars are vsi-
Bile to the naked eye, and that there have been
vastly more Kings than that.) Hierrarchi-
caIly the next place belongs to Grand Duke, a
designation which was first conceived at Mos
cow, but which was aeelimatized in Southern
Europe in 1856, when Plus V. bestowed It on
Cosmo De Medieis. But though Tuscany was
the first land to own It, Germany only has pre-
served it, the seven Grand Dukes still extant
being all beyond the Rhine. Then appears
Elector; name full of memories Of pride and
strife, q name which tells the whole history
Of Central Europe for four centuries. But
Elector has not enjoyed the vitality of King;
the seven great Electorates that were created
by the Golden Bull in 1856, "the seven lamps
Of the Holy Roman Empire"-which, to quote
Voltaire once more, "wss neither holy nor
Roman"-have now dwindled down to one
shadow of their former name.
The Prince Bishops of Mayence, Treves, and
Cologne, the Bavarian Duke, the Chiefs OF
Saxony, the Palatinate, and Brandenburg, are
represented now, alas, by the Elector of Hesse-
Cassell This is fall indeed. That the EN-
peror-makers of the middle ages should lex
cept the Bishops) have ended by becoming
Kings themselves, was natural enough in the
times through which they passed; that these
great chieftsins who had hereditarily between
a., A. oho Of Aroh hon IF
many, the Gauls, and Italy-of Grand Steward,
Grand Equerry, Arch Marshal, Arch Chamber
lain and Arch Treasurer Of the Empire-should
have struggled higher still, was but q conse-
quence of their nature which was human,
though Electoral; but that the grand title OF
Elector, abandoned by the wsrrior-priests and
warrior-princes who had borne It with savage
pride for four hundred and. fifty years, should
be picked up, appropriated, and retained by
the Iandgrave of Gessee- Cassel, is one of those
absurd incongruities of history which offend
our reason and revolt our imagination. We
get next Duke, which ceased to be an indie
pendent sovereign title under Louis XII. In
France, and disappeared in Germany Except
In Nassau at the commencement Of the pres
ent century, with Palatine, Margraye, Burgsye
Rhingrave, Wildgraye, and Altgrave.
Landgrave alone, Of all the old Teutonic
titles, IS still kept up by the rulers of Hesss
Homburg; and it is as well that 1t should be
preserved, for it is the most ancient Of all the
special German names. It was invented sc
long ago as 1130 by Louis, Third Count o.
Thurings, who adopted 1t in order to distfn
euish himself from the crowd of counts around
him. The idea was evidently admired by hi
colleagues; for Thierry, Count Of Lower Alsace
appropriated the same denomination sever
years afterward, and Albert OF HaRsburg
Count of Higher Alsace, followed the example
in 1855. These were the three real Landgrayes
the only ones that were recognized as origina
by the Empire; all others were limitations
Margrave was q more modern title; 1t was lin.
tied to the four rulers Of the Marches Of Bran
denbgrg, Nielsen, Baden, and Moravia. We
may take Doge next, with its memories Of
Genoa and Venice. and Protector, which Ma.
poleon renewed from Cromwell when he formed
the Confederation of the Rhine. Stakeholder
and Viceroy wake up very different recollec.
tions; one carries US to the chilly storms Of
Holland, the other to the bright skies of Ma.
Piles, India, and Peru. Voivod, like Pslatine
was also q Viceroy's title; but the former was
Sclavonic, the latter German.
ECZar we will look at by itself, and Hospoiar
is almost the only remaining title which is
worth mentioning; for we need not expiate on
the Bans Of the Eastern Marches, though the
name exists still in Croatia. Sultan must be
counted as Asiatic, for 1t was first adopted by
Bsjtset; and with 1t comes the old name Caliph,
which means substitute" and was originally
attributed to the successors of Mohammed;
but the Caliphstes of Bagdad, Fee, Grenada,
Egypt, Morocco, and 'Tunis have all become
successfully extinct, and their rights are con-
centrated in the Sultan of Turkey, who is now
sole Caliph, and thereby commander Of the
Faithful. OF Shahs there is but one, though
there are three Khans (Khiya, Kholand, and
Coukbsra,) two Imauns, Yema and Duscat,
two Recents (TriDoH and Tunis \ Rev or
Beg, has now disappeared; but that It was once
q higher name than Sultan Is shown by the fact
that it was preferred to the latter by Thogrul,
founder of the dynasty of the Seleucides.
Sheikh belongs particularly to the Governor of
Madina, and Is otherwise a mere village chief
tsin's name. Pssha is now replaced in Egypt
by Khedive. And there we may end the lis,
though 1t is very far from being exhausted
BlGekWoods Magazine. - ~