Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1872-1875, 1874-10-22


upon dialytic process 4, IL TaAI3
Observation-Disclosures OF THE SOLAR
PRoTUBEHANoEs.~7- BEHAN Prof. Sellaok, of Cor,
doba, who has The use of q thirt rteen inch
photographic 6bjectiye, narrates his ex-,
perience Id attending the photography
OF solar protuberances by means Of the
spectral line IA. gamma. n According to
him, thin layer OF iodide of silver
upon plate Of glass absorbsi all the
violet lightsof the spectrum snd he
of his lens with thin layer of the sub
stance, By,means of the light that, is
transmitted he would directly photo.
graph the solar ,protuberances.. His.
first attempts, for mahy reas6fis, have
been quite unsatisfactory; but the sug-
gestion seems worthy of further Develop
ment by those speotroscopists who have
greater, conveniences Mt their command.
REaENsrEs REaENEhhAT1oN, OF on PAIs9g4seas. AIN 4Rstea y
Besides the ,irremediable ,darkening, of
oil painting by age, they are also liable
to deteriogation by the cracking of the
paint on severe drying, and also I'd loss
of briliiancy by the torrhationof NUM-
tfansbhrent, heavy film Of vvarnisk uhpooa
removed by the tedious filling. ,of the
cracks with fresh paint, d AS ameans for
remedying. the latter, DR., tWeigelt sugrt
gests, as an improvement on plan, pro-
posed by Pettenkofer, that. the varnish
be partially dissolved, and the fssures
thus filled up, by leading upon the pic.
tnre, through gum tube, Blast of 7a.f'
saturated with alcohol, by blowing it,
byrmeans of bellows, through flask
containg alcohol, and gently warmed sr.
EXPLOSIONS OF FIRE-DAMP IN ,CoAn
MINES. Ess.; The subject of the cena ction
the weather has attracted the attention
of ,Messrs. Scott and GALLOWAY, in in Eng.
land during the past four years. Their
third report has recently been present.
ed, covering the year 1873, from which
itiappears that che number Of fatal 'ex.'
plosions was 20, causing the loss of 1853
lives! OF these explosions 5a per cent.
are due TO changes of barometric pres.
sure; IL, per cent. to great heat; 25
per cent. are not attributed 10 metsoroe
logical agencies. The number of ex-
plosions is not found to have any appar-
ent dependence upon the direction from
which the wind blows. The results
place at beyond the possibility Of a
doubt that the escape of fire. damp and,
the consequent explosions are related
mainly to the conditions Of the atmos-
pheriepressure, and that a careful watch
over the barometer is, above ali, necesl
sary to each colliery. f'a"'','"' ,;. a;a9
The EVAPORATION OF LIouIps.--Ste
fan has endeavored to reduce to some
definite laws the phenomena of d the
evaporation of liquids Especially ithei
diffusion of9yapors) and has made a,
series of experiments principally on the
evaporation of ether. He finds that ii
narrow open tubes the velocity of the
evaporation is inversely proportional to
the distance of the surface of the III
quid from the open end of the tube. IT
is independent of the diameter of ithe,
tube, and increases with the temperra.
tnre, SO far as the vapor pressure in
creases with the temperature. If TIL,
pressure of the vapor becomes equal to,
that of the air, the formula given, By By,
Stefan shows that the liquid then boils.
If the evaporation takes place in closed
tnbes, bubbles fotm and issue continu
ally, at such a rate that the times in
which equal numbers of bubbles form
are proportional to tile numbers 3, s, Z,
etc. If the tube contains hydrogen
instead of air, the bubbles form I'M one
fourth of the time or, IL other words. 4
evaporation proceeds four times as rap.
idly inhydrogen as in air. S|N1A -
FIa CoFFsR.--A coffee substitute Of
roasted figs has been in the market in
Austria for ten years, and is also ,,re.
pared at present in Berlin. Recent
careful tests of it indicates that it DOS.
sesses more agreeable flavor than the
chiccory substitute, and has thus for
been brought into The market free from
injurious adulterations, often present in
chiccory- coffee. Samples from Berlin
in eIform Of coarse brown powder,
including yellowish Particles, formed
an adhering, slightly gnmmy mass on
being lightly pressed, a sweetish bitter
taste like caramel, and q corresponding
odor. Austrian samples, although in
the main similar to the preceding, were
slightly more pulverufeDt and OF
souriah taste, which fact, together with
the chemical analysis, rendered it prob.
able that cheaper, inferior, perhaps
even spoiled figs, had been used in IT'D IT'D
preparation at the frat introdnotioni
wonderful medicinal properties were
claimed for it in Austria, especially in
affections Of the lungs, etc.; and it WINS
recommended for nervous persons.S Al
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