New-York tribune., 1874-05-20

States Marcy refused his adhesion TO the last ruie
though he wished the adoption of the former He said
that the policy of the United States was to keep small
navy, and 80 we had need to improvlse an ad,
dihon to our means Of attack and defense by
calling in the aid OF privateers But his rea-
sons appear to me to be iiladyised ana ,na lncom'
when they had preyously negotiated with Prussia to
abolish pfvateerng as between the parties II we W % onr
advantage BY not having the benefits OF tne ruie; W.
exposed shipping TO the depIedaons OF vSsss nid
only be reciprocal Something would have been sivea
the late il the four rules had neeh
larger exemption from liability to capture AZ "HS thy
proposed is desirable fof seVeral ord ~
that enomics ships and goods on ooSs cond
their ships, liable 10 capture Formerly eoo%us % 'o nt
taken ships OF any nationality NOW, at n, nie o
sPSak @. @ eyeTy make Wr bargain @ for the
neutral vessels and transfer their own VesSes W @ spn
come in like shoal OF fishes The extent of this trans
fer depends the probability OF the length 3 and psss & oa
transferred TO British capitalists and during the war
$4,000 tons contained in 7l5 vessels This OF course
more felt by those nations whose capital was dspropor
tionately invested in shipping. TINS transferring
building, although in America the inability to make
iron vessels, or the goneTa want OF system OF , our
than any change in the employment OF our e9plta. AZ
it be important ,that beigerent rights OF destrneon
should order distress an enemy ana SO
TO bring him the more speedily to better ana iale. yc
sells, and their goods them does not accomplish its
purpose. Exclusively commercial countries VIII 10
most affected. what matters to farmer ID T dOwa hn
an object to him the old rule we're carried out, that
IN bs aeua e the s'rS Of
Paris, nations In general @ @Ganno. co1seanent o1 e
on war and VIII be brought TO sense OF justice
by suffering, for the rules have taken away ane SUI
the law Of nations as it stands now That there would
be increased activity in the shpyards OF Eugahl u
any war broke out European or Western World Is
probable But so would there be by fire or famine. Are
we however prepared to say that the caamy oi ono @
country is on the whole a benefit 10 the rest OF the
| i sickness
grocer and the mercer the worse Tor lti Inc nost
who have special branches OF industry u their hands
receive benefit The interests ot neutrais, ho"evel,
may he contemplated from wider point OF yiow Iake
the case OF Eng gland. II should break out any
where except in England England could take the bel
lgerent trade, and great profit might accrue or Wn
IN the employment of vessels. But suppose England
herself at with other commercial country she
has to raise her sea insurance, ana employ e
sells her carrying trade She must nave the greatest
gaps to be filed by other nations wneh ner Vessels are
unsafe on sea- Unless there are some NcSe1, es
that will always remain neutral the evli ana
But there IS another point At present. the enemies
ships convey neutral goods and taken VIII De la
with regard to ransom are still In force Inc subject OF
ransom Is smpiied by the rules OF faris in ths way
that neutral vessels can seek tof ransom 0hIy wseh
conveying contraband goods OF breaking plookaue a
otherwise they not liable TO capture and III thcse
it s doubtful whether ransom ougat 70 % aOwed
II ii should turn out that capture was nvad Tue
deserving OF notice is, now that neutral property on
enemies vessels being intact by solemn law can yet
4
third Paris rule must be interpreted to mean that neu
ra goods put enemies vessels, subject to the risk
under the enemys flag, but burned. We beg leave to
refer to recent case mentioned by CosrOve. Two Ger
man vessels taken III the late Franco Prussan war
and burned on the day of capture. IL was decided by
prize court at Bordeaux that the capture and
burning authorized upon which the owners OF the
ship appealed TO the Council Of State for compensation
for the r-operty DESTROYED and the persons interested
article referred The Council OF STATE affirmed the
decree OF the inferior court and decided that by the
| rd Ia m III
chose TO put his goods on the enemys vessel IN war;
cerned the Neutral must take the risk Of the captors
burning them If they should deem u necessary by the
is positive but temporary advantage to neutrals with
a large commercial marine. An important SUBJECT
meets tnis point, namely, Will or Will not wars
become frequent and leave fainter traces on the
memory of wrong-dong natious ny becoming more hu-
mane upon the seat Will only say here that decisive
step was taken by passing the four ruleof the decara
ton OF Paris that the harsher rules as formerly, did
not stop war and that the frat cOnciiatory measures
will be found 10 be taken upon land How then, will
war be ended First, by the growth of neutral in'
terests relatively TO tho growth OF bellgerent.
The more neutral interests increase, bellgerent in
teresls remaining the same, tGe n more viii public
| in favor of peace, and neutrals Will somehow
% to the aSG great p0@ IN Of f s
over the Government. Thirdly by the vast expenses
necessary In modern times in as illustrated for
instance in the late French war; and fourthy. by the
apparent feasibility of arbitration In the late Austrian
war there a reciprocity, IN the observance OF the
rules between the nations engaged, anu that was the
nrst war IN %hgn SaS & not liable o captpre The
North German Parliament passed law 10 the
effect This matter was discussed before meeting OF
the Social Congress IN Birmingham and three
gentlemen submitted papers in favor OF the immunity
OF private property and the result OF her dseussOns
was that private property ought TO be exempt.
Mr Vernon Harc1urt took the other side Ii was not
true he said that merchants the innocent class who
ougnt to have immunity from war II merchants were
against in England at least, no war could De made
War in general against interests OF rchants II
a war popular with that class because of the trade In
articles OF war the em)ralziDg influence ~ such
traffic ought TO be taken into account oy the Govern
At the beginning Of the Franco-German war, the sub
ject OF the cap ure OF private vessels occupied the at
tentiOn of both countries. The rapid and unexpected
march Of events in France prevented any plan from
being carried The King OF Prussia made Ordi
nance that French commercial vessels should not be
subject TO capture, except such as would be liable 10
capture under neutral nag. Ia lsiI, commercial
treaty between the United states and Italy was made
when carried out this principle OF the exemption OF pr
vate property on the high seas from capture on certain
Thus Great Britain oniy has regarded the rule
unless engaged III unlawful traffic as undesirable. Dr.
WoOisey closed with opinIons from various sources.
SPEECH OF GAMALIEL BRADFORD.
Ganael Bradford OF Boston said that he dld not pro-
pose TO dwell upon the evils Of irredemable paper
money nor 10 advocate any expedent when would
priori lead TO specie payments. All these expcdients
involved contraction The first issue Of Government
legal tender needed by the country, but excessive
issues forced prosperity on 10 wild speculation. The
financial sacrifice OF the has been I'D
cannot be avoided. lie panic OF last Fall only
forease OF the storm process TO be through 1t
was made pretext for cowardy retreat to further
imitation. The majority OF commercial mcn and news
papers all sections OF the country not in favor OF
Imitation yet the House OF Representatives authorized
the S of greenDacks and the Senate
only confirmed but added s6o0O,OOO currency to IT
The President, 10 ms infinite honor, vetoed the bill
The power, however is completely in the hands OF
House of Representatives. Should they refuse to in
crease authorize loan. there will be no re
for the Treasury except the socacd reserve.
nation has resored TO ucOnvertble currency with
out ultimate at leart partial repudatou but other
nation resOrted " it I'LL It's credit had been
haused The United States adopted this policy pref
erence to selling SIX per cent bonds below par. The
Government can ind any amount OF greenbacks neces-
sary specie payment by the sale OF bonds
This method will ultimately be adopted. Why does
Government fail respond 10 the demand OF the in
teigence of the country IN ITS financial aiIrsf Fret.