Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1874-07-02
EDUCATIONAL COLUMN.
Edited and Conducted by
J f. LANGENBA UGH.
OHIO.

The State Superintendent of Public In
struction of the state of Ohio, is elected
by the people, and holds his office for two
years. There is no State Board of Edu-
cation, but State Board of examiners
consisting of three members, who give
State certificates to teachers found COM
petent upon examination by them. The
members of this Board are appointed by
the State commissioner Most districts
which comprise cities or towns, have
district Superintendents. Township
districts are allowed to have them, but
few of them do. These Supenntendents
are appointed yearly by the Board of
Education of the school district, whose
schools he superintends.
Township Boards consist of one men,
Der from each sub-district in the town
ship; so the number varies from one to
twelve. The school fund consists in, 1st,
the irreducible school fund, i. e., sections
of land reserved for schools, most of
which have been sold, the proceeds form
ing said fund, interest of which only is
used; 2d, State tax, and Sd, local tax
These are distributed, the first to the
parts of the State entitled to the respec-
tive sections of said land, pro rata by
enumeration; the second to counties, pro
rdta, by enumeration; and the third, by
locl authorities according to school
needs The third fund, above, is raised
by the Board OF Education, certifying to
the county Auditor the needed levy, when
it is collected as other taxes.
Teachers are examined by Boards OF
Examiners. Every county has a Board
of three Examiners, appointed by the
Probate Judge but city Boards are al
lowed to appoint their own examiners.
Certificates granted by such Boards are
valid from SIX months TO two years, ac-
cordlng to experience and qualification
within the county where granted. Con
tracts with teachers are made by the
school Boards iu the city or town dis.
tricts; and in town Districts, by local
directors. State certificates are granted
10 teac. ers by the State Board of Exami-
ners. Each candidate tora State certiii-
cafe is required 10 have i've years expert
ence as a teacher; 10 present to the Board
testimonials of success in teach.ng from
Boards of Education, Directors, Trustees,
or those in whose employment he or she
has been, covering period of five years
TO present testimonials of good moral
character from well known and responsi-
bic persons. Certificates are not graded
a thorough knowledge of the following
branches is required: Orthography
reading, penmauship, arithmetic, geogra-
ply, English grammar, United States
history, physiology, elementary algebra,
plain geometry, natural philosophy, and
the theory and practice of teaching.
These certificates are valid in any public
school in Ohio, for and during the life
time of the holder. Age of pupils from
) to 81 years. Each Board of Education
determines the text books for its own
schools. No one is allowed to teach
who has not a certificate in orthography,
reading, writing, arithmetic, geography
English grammar, and the theory and
practice of teaching. The law does not
fix the length of the school DAY, but lons
usage has fixed upon six hours. The
State has no laws pertaining to compul
sorry attendance on schools. The three
Normal Schools in the State are all pri
vaie enterprises.
A kindergarten school was established
in 1870, in Cleveland. "The children
range in age from three 10 seven years
The children in this school are taught
the beauty of neatness, order, symmetry
observation, docility, and self esteem
The underlying principle of the whole
kindergarten system, is harmony. Th,
plan comprises many occupations; weav
ing strips of colored paper into variou,
patterns, embroidering symmetrical form,
upon card board, drawing upon states
counting sticks, mrmorizing simple yer
ses. singing, moldirg moist clay into
simple balls, flowers, figures, &C., art
! some of the occupations" The system
is attracting good deal of interest in til,
State. There are some schools in thi
State exclusively German, and some ex
clusively Colored. Teachers Institute
are held once a year in most of the coun
ties, but not in ALL
AFEw THoJGHTs.
think disposition that is happy and resigned,
Adds greatly to the comfort and the health of hu
man mind.
think sour temper and bosom filed wit
spite,
Brings trouble, and puts every sign of happiness
al fight.
: think no indivi iual, however high his station,
: Fer gained the p-sise of worthy men by vice an
dissipation.