Ashtabula telegraph. (Ashtabula, Ohio) 1874-1880, 1874-08-08

inches in thickness, but in others
deeper. This enormous bed of gray
ell covers not less than 1900 or 49,
600 square miles of the area of Ba-
varia. The Danube sweeps around
from west to east IN a curve, a little
north of the middle of this plain
which is mostly level, but in some
parts undulating, and towards the
north, beyond the Danube, is broken
and hilly. The Bavarian plain is
bounded on the south by the Tyrol
Alps, some of whose peaks, visible
from Munich, are
TEN THOUSAND FEET HIGH.
They are penetrated by numerous
green and fertile valleys, terminating
in beautiful lakes, while above them
are glaciers and snow, and through
them flow impetuous torrents, which
subside. into gentle little rivers when
they merge into the great plain. The
eastern side of this plain is bounded
by a chain of mountains which sepa-
rates Bohemia from Bavaria; and
across Northern Bavaria runs low
chain of mountains, on the north side
of which flows the River Main, into
the Rhine, and on the south thereof
the Danube. Towards the west the
plain extends across the border into
nuremberg, without mountain
L l. fhof
The chief agricultural products of
Bavaria are rye, barley, hops, pota-
toes and hay; but some wheat, oats
and buckwheat are produced, and
also considerable tobacco for domes-
tie consumption. Several important
manufactures are carried on, such as
bronze-casting, brass, painted glass
for church windows, childrens' toys,
lead pencils, mirrors and works of
art; but above all, the manufacture
of
BEER.
There are 1000 licensed breweries.
which produce $50, 100000 gallons of
beer per annum More beer is con-
sumed by. the Bavarians per head,
than by any other people in the
world.
Bavaria contains 10000 square
miles, and has nearly 100000 in
habitants, of whom 20 per cent. are
Catholics, and 80 per cent. are Pro
testants. But Bavaria is divided in
to two unequal parts. The Palati-
nate is a separate province on the
French side of the Rhine, containing
5000 square miles and 100000 in
habitants, and can only be reached
from Bavaria proper by crossing 100
miles of Wurtemberg and Baden
territory. Omitting the isolated Pal
atinate Province, the Kingdom of
Bavaria contains about 25, 900 square
miles, and numbers 1850, 900 inhab-
itants-which is a populltion fully
equal to that of the great State of
New York, with its national me-
tropolis of 100000 people, includ-
ing Brooklyn-subsisting on space
less than half the area Of Illinois; on
thin, poor soil, as compared with
that of the western prairies; with a
severe winter climate, on account of
the altitude of the Bavarian plain,
destitute of both coal and iron ore;
the agricultural productions limited
to narrow range of crops, of which
corn is not one, land wheat but scant-
lily grown; without seaports, naviga-
BILE rivers or lakes, and separated
from the sea or ocean bv a distance
of hundreds of miles-yet this little
patch of territory to which Nature
has been so parsimonious in her
gifts, subsists a population equal to
that of the great Empire State of
America, not in afiuence and luxury,
it is true, but in comfort and
FRUGAL INDEPENDENCE.
There are as few paupers in Bavaria
as in any nation in Europe, and l
have yet to meet with the first men,
dicant, after travelling more than
hundred miles in different directions
and visiting the chef cities of the
State.
How can this condition of things
be accounted for in a country so
populous, and whose soil is so poor,
climate so severe and natural re-
sources so few and limited? In
searching for a solution, l found the
following statistical fact, which ex-
plains it: The soil of the Kingdom
OF Bavaria, exclusive of the Rhenish
Palatlne Province before mention
ed, is divided among 7I8, 900 propri-
etors, who own the land in fee sim
pie. There are very few large es-
tates. The general average of the
farms is about thirty acres each,
while few contain more than fifty
acres. Around all the cities are nu-
merous patches of land titled as veg
etable and smalI-fruit gardens. In
tne vicinity of Munich there are more
than 10000 such gardens. But
whether the "holding'' is farm or
garden, 1t is ''free-hold," and owned
by the occupant who tills it. Not
one farmer in twenty in Bavaria is a
tenant, Working other mems lands
and paying away the proceeds of
his labor as rents to landlords, as is
the case in Great Britain and Ire
land, Italy and some other parts of
Europe. And this fact accounts for
the thrifty, well-to-do and prosper
Gus condition of the masses of the
people occupying this elevated,
gravelly plain, with its thin and cas-
lily exhausted soil. Nothing but the
most careful cultivation can make it
continue to produce sufficient crops |
to sustain so dense a population, and
contribute the taxes necessary to
support Military Government, as
all the German Governments are. If |
the farmers of Bavaria were tenants
of landlords, forced to give away |
half the proceeds of their toll to |
a landlord-aristocracy in
luxurious afiluence and indolent |
idleness, they would be miserably |
poor and INDECENT, like the Irish |
tenantry, and the English farm la
borers. But there is one large land |
monopolist in Bavaria, owning rath-