davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

rates that could be extracted from the purses
of the people. But some twenty years ago
Mr.. Gladstone introduced an act, which was
passed, compelling every railway in the coun-
try 10 run two trains a day, morning and
evening, at a penny mile for pas
sengers. These, in consequence, were
called for many years Parliamentary
trains" Here again, to the amazement of
the Directors, it was found that Mr.. Glad
stones interference with their rights led them
on to fortune; and now 20 per cent. OF the
passenger traffic of England, which ap-
proaches SOC, 100000 of persons, Is just this
third class, which therefore pays an enormous
revenue to the railroads
R.-What is your opinion in regard to the
taking of railroads by the State?
Mr.. McH.-No practical railroad man sup
poses that State could take charge OF a rail-
road and manage it properly. But certainly
citizens ought not to be defrauded OF their
rights by the companies in possession; and
therefore time may come, and In many OF the
Western States it has come, winch you'd
almost authorize the Governors OF those States
to take military possession Of the reoelnous
railways and teach the managers lesson
which they do not seem disposed otherwise 70
learn, namely, that railways are for the oeneht
of the people as well as of the proprietors;
and you can't injure the one without lnJurlng
the other. Their interests are identical.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
Effects Of Ashes and Lime.

Place piece of iron or steel in damp
ashes, and it will soon cOrrOde with rust.
Place the iron or steel in lime mortar,
and the rust will disappear. Sow small
grain where brush pile or log-heap has
been burned, or where liberal dressing
of ashes has been applied, and there will
be a rank growth that will probably fall
and never mature. Sow the grain where
the lime has been applied to the soil, and
the grain will grow with stout, stiff straw,
and plump, hard heads that mature well.
Ashes cause a rank growth of the
herbaceous part of the plants, such as
leaves, straw and grass; lime induces a
growth of the woody part of plants, and
the grain or fruit. Ashes stimulate heavy
muck, and rich or virgin soils. They
appear to disintegrate or make available
what is already in the soil They seem
to act specially on vegetable mold and
manures from the barn-yard. Apply
them to the most offensive pile Of com
post and they will render it inodorous
and worthless as fertilizer, their effect
being that Of releasing the ammonia from
the compost. Ashes used with a COM
post heap of decaying vegetable matter
would be wasted-wOrse than wasted
as they render the compost inert as a fer
tilizer. Applied to an offensive sink,
sewer or cesspool, they serve an excellent
purpose as disinfectant. They promote
the growth Of grass and forage especial
ly, proving very valuable on low lands;
will stimulate trees, etc., to vigorous
growth when the soil is strong. They
exhaust strong soils and injure poor
ones.
Lime improves poor soils, especially
sandy ones, by rendering them more com
pact and capable of retaining fertility
when applied AS promoter of health
and vigor in apple trees it is one of the
best applications that can be made to the
soil. Under it's influence trees mature
well, the fruit is finer, and trees are freer
from disease. Lime may be applied with
benefit on most soils and many plants,
but it is of special value to the apple
tree and strawberry plant, while ashes
are valuable on heavy or rich soils for
the grosser feeding of plants, such as our
native plums and currant bushes.-Cor
H0TticuLtuTlSt.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
Industrial Art the Main Force of
Culture

The main force of culture is industrial
art 1t enabled the first savages to make
the flint knives, the stone axes and NOR
tars, the bows, arrows, spears, sings, har-
poems, nets, boats, huts, f1resticks and dig
ging sticks (the earliest implements of
tillage), without which they could not
have raised themselves above the level of
the brute. Itenabled the stoEe-age savages
to smelt copper and tin, and unite them
in a hard, elastic alloy fit for swords,
spear-heads, arrow-heads, helmets, breast
plates, shields, chisels, hoes, plow-
points, hammers, axes and knives. Then,
and not till then, did men have durable
dwellings of cut stone, productive tillage
with the capacity to maintain many peo-
pie in a small area, cities, national organ
izatiOns, laws, well-disciplined armies,
systematic civil pOlity, religion and orna-
mental art.
Several thousand years elapsed before
this benefcent industrial spirit which
had first taught the savage to fashion
tools of stone and then elevated him to the
bronze age, raised him to the age of iron
by teaching him to smelt, forge, temper
and weld the most useful of all the met
ais. If the useful arts had done nothing
for man but to teach him how to work
stone, bronze and iron, they would de-
serve the credit of laying the indispensa-
pie foundation OF all our culture, and thus
doing more for Us than any other branch
OF human employment has done, But
their service did not cease there. IT has
continued and still continues with in
| creased benefcence.
Ii we divide culture into dozan eros
instead of three, the stone. hronza and
iron ages, we should have 10 6asiGna
nearly all OF them from industrial Events
The sailing vessel, the mold. board Irbiob
turns over the furrow of the Now tho
water wheel, the magnetic needle o, rne
powder, the paper mill, movable tvna t -.
spinning wheel, the telegraph, the on snI
rant, the chrOnometer, the steam enrina
the steamboat, the steam raiIroad H.
stesm blast in smelling furnaces. the nn ND
ding furnace, the rolling mill, the Iabor
saving machinery of thousand kindS ind
these are triumphs of industry and 9ho
main causes of the superiority OF modern
over ancient civilization. tits the wor,-
ing man, not the soldier, the priest the
statesman, the philosopher, the scientist
| the artist or the author, who has given MS
not only the foundation, but also most Of
the superstructure, of our culture
! land A0nthLu.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
Birds and Animals Destroying Seed.

In the East, and in some Of the wooded
portions of the West and South, crows are
regarded as a great nuisance from their
propensity for pulling corn. In the
prairie regions the crow-blackblrd is re-
garded as fully match for the crow. In
all this but little account is taken OF their
value to the husbandman as the destroyer
OF noXlous insects which, but tor these
and other larva-eating birds, would utter
ly destroy the hopes of the farmer. va
rlous remedies have been from time to
time advised to prevent birds from pull
ing corn after being planted, as tarrlng
and saturating with various nauseous sub
stances. Unfortunately, in the west,
where nearly all the corn is planted by
machinery, this indicating sadly inter
teres with the proper planting OF the seed.
Where the blowing of land continues
through and beyond planting time but
little difficulty is experienced, for these
birds will not leave the pursuit OF
iarv9 for corn. 1t is only when in
sects are scarce that they seek grain. Onf
OF the easiest means we know to preven-
this pulling of corn, when birds seem
so inclined, is to scatter soaked corn IN
the fields. This will be eaten by the
birds and the planted corn will be left.
Rolling the land over the corn is also
beneficial. Birds are often blamed for
the depredations of gophers, ground
squirrels and mice. These dig down and
take out the grain, birds only pull the
grain after it is up. The verminous ami
mails not only eat the grain before sprout-
ing but after it comes up, digging down
along the germ until they find the grain.
After all, these little animals are of far
greater damage to our newly-planted
crops than birds, although these last, poor
things, have to bear the most of the
blame
Moles, on the other hand, are not in
furious except in so far as they lift the
soil under growing plants in their search
for insects, since they are not herbivorous,
but mice often follow in their track and
eat tubers and roots, for which the poor
moles, like the birds, are often unjustly
blamed Western RurGE
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
The Lawn and Home Grounds.

THOSE of our readers who have lawn
shaded with trees about their hOuse-and
those who have not should have-ought
not to neglect raking away the leaves and
other trash that may have accumulated
during the winter. Those who have neg
lected to keep the grass cut short in the
fall will find their spring raking an Oner-
GUS job. Besides the greater difficulty in
getting together the leaves and other
trash that are sure to accumulate, there is
the added objection that the greenness of
the grass will not show until it has &C
quired sufficient height to overtop the
dead foliage remaining.
When the lawn is of considerable eX-
tent, it will pay to buy a One-hOrse lawn
mower, for with this the lawn can easily
be gone over early in the morning while
yet the dew is on. If small the hand
machine will answer as well. When the
lawn is Of large extent those portions re-
mote from the house may be mOwn with
an ordinary moving machine if set to cut
close. This cutting should be done at not
longer intervals than two weeks. In Tak-
ing up the accumulated trash of winter,
it is best performed when the leaves, etc,
are somewhat damp; at all events it
should be done when the weather is mild
1t used to be considered neces sary, in
order to have good lawn, that the sur
face should be kept sheared close to the
earth, but under this system, it is impOs-
sible to keep a permanent turf unless
there are facilities for artificial water
ings. From one to two inches is close
enough to NOW, and this can be easily
accomplished with any of the ordinary
moving machines where the surface is
large enough and open enough to allow
its work. This may easily be accom-
plished on a lawn of an acre in extent, if
not too much occupied with shrubbery
and trees.
One of the great mistakes made in or
namenting both suburban and farm
houses is the planting of an excessive
number of trees, which, as they acquire
age, not only shut out the view entirely,
but also often render the place absolutely
unhealthy. Trees on the lawn should be
used only for ornament and necessary
shade. Shrubbery may be planted at the
turns of the rOadways and walks, to in
crease and heighten the effect, but, in do,
ing all this, full view of the house and
other salient points Of the country be.
yond should not be INSTRUCTED. To Sc
cure these requisites of light and shade
there should be ample space between the
trees and clumps for air and sunlight. Il
this DE attended to, each tree or clumr
will have ample space for development
and thus not only create grateful shade
but enhance the beauty of the surround
ings. Therefore, if you have planted toe
thickly, see to it that the thinning be done
in such season as to secure ample foliage
and, at the same time, fair view beyond
IF it take some study, it will be amply re
paid.-Western RDrGL.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
Oxen for Hard Work.

If the digestive process in cattle were
better understood, would it not rather
seem strange that there are not more
sick oxen than that there are so many
Just look a moment at the treatment our
working oxen receive during the spring
while doing the blowing. They are fed
in the morning with all the hay they will
eat, and perhaps have only just about
time enough to swallow it before they are
yoked up and hitched to the pillow. They
are made to stick to it till noon, when
they are again fed with more hay. As
soon as it is eaten they are taken to the
field again and driven before the pillow till
five. six or seven O'Clock, according to
the ambition or necessities of the owner
They are then put up and fed again with
hay.
Now, if an OK can only digest his food
after it has been remasticated, and he is
given three meals in succession of such
food as needs to be chewed over, and is
made to work hard, as at blowing, all the
time between meals, what time does he
have in which to prepare that food for
digestion except during the hours of
night, when he should be expected to
sleep? If the night, after a hard days
work, is the only time in which digestion
can go on, is it strange that we find every
year so many oxen that are :" off their
feed" have no appetite, and do not seem
to be benefited by what food they do
eat?
If cattle are fed meal after meal of long
hay, with no time allowed for rumina-
ton, how can they be expected to long
remain in perfect health Does this
peculiar condition of the working OK ex-
plain the reason why a daily feeding OF
meal and less hay to a hard-working
animal is great deal better for him than
hay alone And does the fact that the
OK needs long time every day in which
to rechew his food, and that he cannot re-
tain his health without it, account for the
superiority of horses over oxen for doing
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
Snail Husbandry.

IN the Voralberg, bit of the TyrOl
that juts in like wedge between Bavaria
and Switzerland, there are regular snai.
gardens, intended to subserve the twOfold
purpose of Kidding the farmers of nui-
sance and providing an article of food for
such human beings as can relish it. In
various parts of the canton or district,
during two or three summer months, the
gardens, hedges, coppices, woods and
damp places are thoroughly examined by
boys and girls, who collect the snails and
deposit them in small plots of ground set
apart for the purpose. Each of these
plots forms dry garden an acre or two
in extent, free from trees and shrubs and
having amoat or running water all around
it.
The plot is covered with little heaps of
twigs of the mountain pine, mixed lightly
with moss; these heaps are placed at reg
ular distances apart. The snails creep
into them for shelter alike against the
cold of night and the heat of midday
sun. When this shelter is lessened by the
decay of the small leaves on the twigs,
the heaps are furnished up with a new
supply. Every day the snails are fed
with cabbage leaves and grass, receiving
an extra allowance in damp weather.
When harvest is over and winter shows
signs of approaching, they regularly bur
row themselves III the heaps, and (figura-
lively speaking) tuck in snugly for the
winter The water, after flowing all round
the margin of the plot, escapes by one
outlet only; and at this outlet the moat is
guarded by a grating.
The snaiIs often tumble into the water
while crawling about their domain, or get
into it somehow or other, and are carried
by the stream toward the grating; this is
examined every morning and all the wan
derers taken back to their garden. When
the snails have sealed themselves up they
are collected for the market, packed in
perforated boxes lined with straw. Ac-
cording to the plentifulness OF the grass
and cabbage crop, each plot or garden
may contain from Il, 900 to 10000 snails,
some of which come to grief before the
summer is over: but the majority are des-
tined to the honor of appearing on the
dinner-table or supper-table of the South
Tyrolese inhabitants, who greatly relish
them. The system is certainly COM
mendable one, seeing that it brings to an
available market what would otherwise
be a nuisance and source of loss to the
husbandman.-AUt5 the Year Round.
-
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

very hard and continuous work for whole
days at time
If the above propositions are pertinent,
do they not help to throw some light on
the long disputed question: Which are
better. oxen or horses for the farmer :?
The answer must depend wholly on the
kind of work to be done, the length OF
time allowed for doing 1t, and whether
the work is continuous for many hours
in succession or aIternated by frequent
resting spells, as when waiting for cart
to be loaded or unloaded.-Neoo England
Farmer.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

THERE is man in Iowa who is thought
to be lunatic from the fact of his declar-
ing that his wife is witch, and that he
can see her flying around the room astride
of broom. 1t is sad, indeed, to contem-
plate such a wreck of mind in fellow
man. And sadness is intensified until 1t
borders upon unutterable apprehensions
when one reflects upon the awful conse-
quences that sometimes arise from so
trivial circumstance as the suggestion
on the part of husband to the partner of
his domestic joys that perhaps-only per
haps-that last spring bonnet could be
made over into one that might do this
season.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

ONE day recently mule was choked
to death in East Bay, CharlestoWn, Mass
in a very peculiar way. A heavy. boiler
was lifted on to the dray to which the
mule was harnessed. As the rear OF the
dray was depressed by the weight OF the
boiler the shafts flew up, lifting the mule
off his legs and causing strangulatlon-
The mule was young one, and, having
never kicked any one to death, did not
deserve such a fate.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

a DANBURY house cat was cremated the
other morning. She had crept into the
kitchen oven during the night, and in the
morning got accidentally shut in. When
the oven was opened to bake the break
fast rolls her remains weighed but thir-
teen and three-qVarters ounces.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

A KENTUCKY farmer says that three
good bulldogs roaming the yard nights
will do more to keep man honest than
all the talking in the world.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

VICTIMS of Consumption seeking relief and
restored health should use DR.. Wishart's Pine
Tree Tar Cordial. This is the only ps4para-
tion that develops the full virtue Of Tar.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

THE Atlantic Cable is national benefit, so
ore SITVER-TIPPED Shoes for children
Never wear through at the toe. Try them.
For Sale by all Dealers.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04

The Car intimates that he arrested
young Nick because he was playing old
Nick generally.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
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Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
DIR. RAILWAYS
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Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
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Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-06-04
Price 25 cts. per Box. Sold by Druggists.
Read "FALSE AND TRUE"

Send one letter-stamp to RADWAY & CO., No. 90
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