davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
How Modern Railroads are Built at a
Profit

II is bonds that do the business, "theso
bonds" which Mr.. Phelps regards with
quite a different feeling FROM that Of st.
Paul.-or perhaps we had better say plain
Paul, as st. Paul" is well.known railroad
character, himself. Both at the East aud
the West, wherever land grant OF govern
mOnt subsidy is impracticable, tho commu'
mites along projected line are reused up
to subscribe sufficient stock, as municiptli-
ties, to build the roa These are cash sub
scriptions aud are Immediately expended in
the construction OF the road. There may be
gaps not covered by these subsidies, aud to
meet the cost Of these, and Of the equipment,
bonds are issued rs mortgage on the road
The stock subscribed by the towns disap-
pears aud is sunk, the bonds issued by the
management represent the property. They
are taken by the president of the road or
its working man, whoever he may be, for
services at a considerable discount and he
being usually capitalist who can wait for
his returns, stores them away as his profits
for originating aud managing the whole job,
apart from the profit OF his share in the
construction, as paid already by the town
subscriptions This accounts for the fact
that while it is comparatively easy to get Il
statement of the expenditures Of the capital
the issue of the bonds and the disposal of
their proceeds is involved in more mystery.
They are issued in sufficient amounts so that
they eau be disposed of at from 80 to so,
and still enrich the proprietor Of the road
This method of railroad building is pretty
certain to be richly profitable to the project
or, except when panic year comes round,
and even then only a temporary embarrass-
ment is lelt by the great railroad man." il
the municipalities continue " willn'." Hard
times are especially favorable to municipal
jobbery, since the larger number Of idle la
borers are ready to vote themselves employ
ment aud ready to endorse the most shudowy
prospect OF it. BY this arrangement the
cities and towns shoulder the only portion Of
the investment which is sure to return 70
dividends, while the projectors and contract
ors gobble up the bonds, on which tho inter-
est is tolerably sure Of being paid,-paid at
first out Of the procee Is OF the sale Of tn,
bonds themselves, finally out OF the cara
ings. The city, therefore, takes all the
risk, while the builder takes not only the
profit Of the building but all the dividend.
from the future operations of the road.
We need scarcely point out the logical re.
suit Of this way Of doing business;-that, a
soon as the towns and cities begin to sub
scribe, they create powerful interest which
will task for more" while private capital
seeing that the municipalities eau be mad
to take the risks, no longer offers ITSELF
Springfed RepuJLican.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

ceivc premiums in floral hall department,
though not members.
All stock entered for premium Is required
to remain on exhibition until 3 o'clock of
the second 'lny of the fair; and stock own
crs who violate this regulation will not cx-
pecl premiums.
The awarding committees of the several
kinds and classes of stock are specially ro-
qusstod To report to the Agricultural Socre-
tary ut 10 o'clock A, Nj. of tho first day of
the fair and receive their books; tho COM
mttcos in mechanics aud floral hall depart
ments will report to the Secretary of floral
hall ut 0 o'clock Of the second day.
CHAs. A. SYLVESTER, PrcsL
|. w. SANRoKN. Scc'u.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
not by the principle Of the common law as
TO conditions subsequent

PRINTINo OFFICE SEcRErs.-Wo find the
following in the Brunswick telegraph
"A properly conducted printing Office is as
much secret society as is Masonic lodge
The printers are not under any oath of socrc.
cy, but always feel themselves as truly in
honor bound to keep Office secrets as
though they had been put through
triple oaths Any employee in printing
Office who willingly disregards this rule in
relation to printing office secrets, would not
only be scorned by his brethren of the craft,
but would loose his position in the office at
once.
We make this statement because it some.
times happens that a communication appears
in a newspaper under an assumed signature
which excites comment, and various parties
try to find who is the author. Let all be
saved tho trouble Of questioning the en-
ployees or attaches of the printing office.
They are "knownothings" on such points as
these. On such matters they "havc eyes
aud ears, but no mouths" aud it they fail to
observe this rule let them be put down as
dishonorablo members of the craft
1t is the same with job printing. II any
thing is to be printed aud kept secret, let
proper notice be given of the desire for secre-
cy, and you might as well question the
"Sphynx" as one Of the printers.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
Hmtcrrovm Cat.Ie market.

lIESDA1, aug. %.
At market this week Cattle 22O8, Sheep
aud Lambs SIP, Swine l3S. Number from
Vermont. Cattle l76, Sheep and Lambs
2223 Calves l07.
Prices. Market Bcci-A few choice 10 50 to
90 90; extra 8 % 10 10 %; first quality - to
s so; second quality 90 to so; third quail
ity So 90 TO So
Prices of Store Cattle Working Oxen pr
pair from 800, 1875, $50 to 2i0.
Mich Cows aud Calves from S35 to 60;
extra 81 to 81. Etrrow cows 81 To SO.
Ycarlings $40 To l5; two years old 20 to
IS three years old 30 to ~.
Prices Of Sheep and Lambs in lots ,, , 80,
300 to 80 each; extra 3 IS to 30
per head, or from to Gle pr ID.
Spring lambs to Gic per ID.
Veal calves $500 to 1900
Prices of Hides, lalow and Skins-Bright-
ton Hides u to Sc pr III: Country Hides 10
to 74c pr ID. Brighton Tullow Sc pr III;
Country IHllow lic pr Id.
Pcts soc each Calf skins ljc per lii.
| CLASSIFICATION OF CATTLE AND SHEEP.
n. b. Bccf-Choice grade includes noth-
ing but stall fed 100 TO 400 lbs Bullocks.
Extra and first quality includes the best,
large, fat Oxen. Second and third quality
includes Oxen and two and three year old
Steers.
Shccp-ENtra includes cosscts, and when
those of inferior quality are thrown out.
REMARKS.
Cattle. This market has been well repre-
scented with cattle and sheep, much in excess
of any ether week for II year. For cattle
220S head, composed of Western natives,
Texas steers, fine grass fed cattle, such ~
sold by NJ. Il. Shackett and others-catte To
suit all customers, from the most particular
| city butchers to those that prefer Slim stock.
| Prices to-day on best grades seem To run
very nearly as high us ut last market and
sales We're decHntly active. Capt. Skinner
sold oxen that weighed 1000 lbs, ut Zoe per
| lib, ID. w.; oxen, weight $500 lbs to the
| pair, Zoe. NJ. Il. Shackett sold out his entire
! drove of Al head ut various prices, ranging
| from l0c down 10 Sic per lib, ID. W.; his
| steers and all his stock We're in extra flesh,
and pleased the butchers in every respect
! William Colwell sold As Western cattle to
! +. ID. Kmhall ut 73c live weight, average
| 1850 lbs 81 ut &c live weight, average 1850
lbs
Sheep and lambs. Receipts S772 head.
The market Tor sheep has had Il hard hit this
| week large arrivals, and not over and
above smart trade in the city; all things con-
sidcrcd tend to reduce figures from ! to lc
per Id. G.. ID. Moon sold III head. mostly
lambs average 81 lbs, ut 5sc. Il. j. King
stom sold POP lambs. average GS lbs, ut 6lc
ii. NJ. Mix sold POS, mostly lambs, average
81 lbs, mt SIC S IL. Jones sold 1913 head,
mostly lambs, mt &c, average 81 lbs.
Poultry is plenty this week, and selling ut
n shade off from last week. Turkeys and
chickens ut Ice per ID; fowl BE per Id.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
PRINCIPLES VS.. PARTIES.

The democrats OF this district did them
selves much more credit at their convention
last week thaa have The republicans in the
last two congressional campaigns. IL such
a thing were possible VIC could heartily wish
for the success of their ticket, and If they
continue making choice Of such men as Mr..
Davenport for candidate, and the few boss
fuglemen in the republican party continue
to run IN such man as l.. p. Poland, it
will not be many years before they will SEQ
their pet party machinery scattered to the
four winds and the people eocting the best
man to office without stopping to ask what
party label he wears.
Mr.. Davenport in his letter recommend
ing democrats to cast their votes for Judge
Peck for governor because he is an honest
man and free from political slime, written
some time ago, commended himself to the
judgment Of all unprejudiced minds, and
now that Mr.. ID. has received the nomna-
ton Of the democratic party we should just
as soon see him elected to Congress as though
he were labeled republican"
But the party distinction, which in reali-
ty now consists only in the name, is still toe
strong to hope for any such good luck in
Vermont. There are n great many who
would vote for the evil one if he were the
candidate Of their party rather than an angel
of light as the candidate Of the opposition
so we must wait until in the onward march
Of time the people in this country shall be.
come sufficiently civilized, and develop SUI,
fcient individuality, to choose the man fol
office whom they think will best serve theil
honest interests. That day is coming The
people are becoming more intelligent ant
independent,an it really does look as though
there was possibility that the present gen.
GRAFTON may witness u reform in this matter
Ia the West in some places independent tick
cts have defeated both tho regular parties
and even in Vermont, where party feeling
ever has run high the number of bolts from
the nominations OF the ruling party seem.
to indicate the presence of the same spirit
Let it increase.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
.N'CIU FORK .HdrEeI.

aug. u.
Flour: Market dull, heavy, and to lOc
lower, with scarcely any export demand and
only II very limited home trade inquiry.
Western and state A so to Soc white wheat
Western extra 30 to $40: extra Ohio O. 10
to $50; extra ST. Louis $40 to o, closing
dull and heavy; Southern $50 to 9.25.
Wheat Market heavy and to Sc lower;
uniavorablu European accounts have very
depressing effect and the export demand is
quite moderate l.l3 to LII for No. . Chi.
cage; |. Is to 10 for No. , Milwaukee; Ito
TO / % for ungradrd Iowa and Minnesota
spring; 20 to l2i for No. | spring; l.l2 To
rs for old winter red Western; 10 to %
tor old amber do; leo to l23 for new win
ter red Western; LEI to LEI for new amber
do; % to 81 for white Western. Corn:
In fair request for export and home
use ut steady prices. 80 to Sic for Western
mixed, in store; Sli to S21c for common to
prime do atlOat; S24 to S3c for high mixed
and yellow Western; 03c for white Western.
Oats: Market heavy and lc lower. so To
sole for new mixed Western, tho latter an
extreme; 80 to sec for white Western, clos
ing dull Coffee quiet and steady. Sugar
quiet and unchanged. to Sic for fair To
good refining; 8sc Tor prime; ijj boxes of
clnyed at Sic; refined quiet and lower; l0ic
for crushed, powdered, aud granulatcd per
h. Molisses dull. Rice unchanged Po-
hoI'Hh l"'ct' Nlu"c W 'sS' l'llii'" rs
TO l2c per gal. Tallow lirmer ut to ssc,
Pork iirmer. New mess ut 1923. Beef stea-
dy. Lard lirmer Prime steam lac.
LIVE STOCK MARKET.
Cattle: Beevcs weak common stock &c
lower; prime fully rs firm; Texas steers q
To 0ic; poor to medium native steers q tn
Ole; medium to lair native 10 TO lO4c; fair
to good native l0i TO lie; good to prime ll4
to lee; prime l24 to l3c; extra l34c; aver
age lItc. Hogs; A few sales of live ut Glc
for Ohio; dressed easier ut 81 to Gle.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

age of $1,000 on The counter, in order to
count another SUM- His elbow rested close
to the $4,000, but an unknown man came up
aud, taking the cash, walked leisurely out Of
the building, but it was discovered too late
to catch the thief, or even to zee his face.
RHODE ISLAND.
Felix Peckham, Of Newport an old and
prominent citizen and president of a bank,
has been arrested for so carelessly firing a
gun at neighbors hens which iutrude on his
premises that several persons have been hit
by the shot lie was once 6nod, several
years ago, for severely woundiug neghbor
in the same manner.
CONNECTICUT.
A house at Stratford occupied by Mrs. G..
G. Dunbar was burned by an incendiary fire
on Saturday; loss $4,000, insured for
s2500. A reward of $1,000 has been Of.
lered for the arrest of the person who BET the
fire.
The burglars who attempted to rob the
Ansona bank, the other night, used nitro.
glycerine, aud the room was badly mutilat-
cd There was $4,000 in the vault, but it
was Just little too well secured for them to
get it.
A man named Thompson was found dead
between the railroad AMI the river about a
mile below Thompsonville, Saturday morn
ing, with his head resting upon a railroad
tic, aud the coroner's jury decided that he
came to his death from " cause unknown"
The employees of the Hartford carpet
works are getting up a club to send another
car load of -four. They expect to get it fol-
about 81 per barrel, aud irstcass article
at that. They disposed Of about 300 lbs. oil
tea in about half an hour, Saturday alter.
noon, at prices ranging from 33 cents to s
per pound.
NEW YORK.
A fire at Picrmont, Sunday, burn
ed two dwollng.houses aud u round house
involving loss Of $751; 900.
james Cramsey committed suicide al
Poughkcepsie, saturday by jumping 50 feet
! from rock into the Hudson.
New York has the beginning Of yellow
fever scare. 1t arrived from Cdba, Sun
day, on the bark Evangeline, every one o
whose officers aud crew have had the dis
case since leaving Cuba, and three Of WHOM
have died the remainder are convalescn,
at quarantine.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

Has Judge Poland been appointed in-
spector of the mails for the st. Johnsbury
post office? If he has he is certainly entitled
to great credit for the regularity and assil-
uity with which he is discharging the duties
Of his office. It's quite convenient to know
how many letters ones opponents receive
and send in a political campaign, especially
when one is so very indifferent as to the re.
suit, and only goes into the contest to enjoy
the fun, declaring that he grows fat on a
good fight"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

Early in the campaign it was frequently
said that it was not hostility to Judge Po-
land that influenced the farmers in their op-
position to him, but that they wanted one of
their numbeT-a iarmer--to represent them
And many of them supported Col Mead
for this reason and no other.--CaledOHiaR
We have never been aware that it was
not hostility to Judge Poland that influenced
the opposition, and We are quite sure that
there are very few farmers who would sup
port farmer because he is farmer, when
there was more honest or able candidate
in the field. The organs of the Irregular"
party have ever opposed any movement
which was liable to hurt tho party, and have
cautioned us against everything that looked
like reform, and now the farmers movement
Of course comes in for It's share of kicks and
curses. Now the attempt is made to lay the
hostility to Poland to the class distinctions
made by the farmers, since it is shown that
the grangcrs are as evenly divided as out
sders.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

The Montpelier Journal this week rcitcr-
ates the statement that none deny that the
nomination of Judge Poland was fairly
made. 1t has been denied. 1t has been as
serted, and can be proved, that money secur-
cd at least part Of the strength by which
Poland received the nomination. The Jour.
nal speaks of Mr., Denison as fatty relus-
ing to be put in nomination by tho boilers. -
lie never so refused. We don't accuse that
venerable newspaper of falsehood, but there
are its statements, and there are the facts.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

has been in moderate demand. Sales Mt 10
10 l64c per lb Tor city and Western. ,nclud-
ing steam aud kettle rendered Smoked
hams hrvu been IN fair demand nt 10 toIllr
per lb for Boston and Western up to I6c for
fancy Western in bags. City dressed hogs
are steady ut the recent advance, with fur
thcr sales ut lOr per III. Cutmrms are in
steady demand at previous prices.
WOOL MARKET.
The demand for the past week has been
lullN up iu expectation, aud leading manu-
fncturcrs are more anxious than for some
weeks past 10 secure desirable lots of fine
| llcccrs. some of the largest mills in New
England have been free purchasers. and Of
| icrS FOR round lots have been made and dr-
cllned that would add largely tu the sales.
Holders have such confidence in the future
OF the wn"l market that they hesitate to itc-
| cept current prices Tor their most desirable
lines nl hrrcrs aud thore is II rmcr feeling
| than for some time past.
Numerous kilograms have been received
| from the London sales. now in prnuress all
! indicating higher range of prices there .
| Most OF the kilograms quote an advance {
| Ut, aud some nm advance OF LIT pcr lb ON the
most desirable grades of Australia, such rs
are in most request by our manufacturers.
| Compared with the prices quoted Ohio and
! Pennsylvania M llecgGs are chrnp i.t 81 to
| 571c per lii, and before many weeks manu-
iacturrrs will realize this ftct. The produce
ton OF goods goes On-thurc is no talk now
about stopping machincry-lnd US long rs
| we continue To- consume so largely aud have
such comparatively small supplies of both
| domestic aud foreign wool to fall back upon
the market must increase in lirmncss AS
| the season advances. We have already con-
sumrd - larger portion Of the clip than any
previous year for u long time, aud the steady
| demand and large transactions from week
10 week must soon have ITS influence ON the
| stock ui ilcccu wool now available.
! CUmbmg aud dcainc nrrrcs are still i. in
demand and are steady at 30 to &c. The
demand absolbs all available lots offering
aud conlbing and delaine continues To 10
taken rs fast rs it can be opened and graded.
10000 lis Canada combing have been sold.
About SO TO 62c per ID, rs to quality, is fair
! quotation for Canada.
| California wool has attracted more atten-
| ton the past week and the sales of this de-
Scrlptiun have been near 600, 600 lbs. Prices
are firm for all lots III good condition and
very extreme figures have cru realized for
the best. Some very choice has been sold
at i24 to 43c, and the bulk of the sales have
been in the range Of 80 to BE per lb.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
Illustrating the Turkish Way Of Doing

The Levant Times has been visited with
two months suspension for mentioning
shat Khalil Sheriff Pacha, ex.minister Of
foreign affairs, had dropped in with his wife
at the British embassy, and, being hospita-
bly, urged by Sir Henry Elliot, had stayed
to lunch 70 be sure, the Times called at
tention to the fact that it was the first in.
stance on record of Turkish lady sitting
down at table with gentlemen, aud went on
to point out the possible social Importance Of
the innovation. 1t also alluded in another
issue to the grant to Mrs, Khalil Sheriff
Pacha of u ST. 900 yearly pension.
As a matter Of fact both items appear
to have been substantially correct. But
eveA il they had been the inventions which
the imperial divan pronounces them, we shall
agree with our unfortunate contemporary in
finding a two months suspension pretty hard
lines. Especially as it is the sixth suspen.
sion within six years; and the fifth pro-
cured, directly or indirectly by the vindct.
i've Khalil Sheriff Pacha, who would seem to
be Turk in more senses than one.
But how Gen. Butler and Judge Poland
and Mr.. Shepherd, Of Washington, and the
whole tribe of bosses" would enjoy them.
selves in ConstautinopIe. Springfield Re
publican.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

y Western philosopher discourscs after
the following wise : do you chew gum
The price of three pieces week ut one cent
apiece amount to 81 Sc a year, or in sixty
seven years to Sl0l 81. That sum will pur-
chase complete set of Appleton's Cyclic
p,cdia, n marriage license, black bomba-
zinc dress for your aunt, II German silver
coffin plate and II churoot Ont this out.
young man, and paste it on the back of your
girls photograph"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28
CALEDONIA COUNTY FAlR--PRE'
MUM LIST.
(cOncind,d from int gagsJ

tcOnciud'd from fr'i FagsJ
Flowers.
Best display cut flowers ., |.
Best collection Of ANIMALS, l,5O, Toe.
Best collection of bicnnals, same.
Best floral wreath, 81, Toe.
Best floral garland, so, 75c.
Best collection house plants, same.
Best floral design, flowers, MOSES, grass
es, etc, 81, SOC.
Committec-F. +. Fletcher and wife, Dr.
S. Il. Brooks and wife, w. +. Fairbanks and
wife, st. Johnsbury; w. H. Fletcher and
wife, Lyndon; Charles Packard and wife,
St. Johnsbury.
photographs.
Best photographs painted in oil, ., |.
Best photographs in water color and India
INK, same.
Best plain photographs Gin collection,)
same.
Best photographs on porcelain, same.
Committee. i. Perkins and wife, II. G.
Idle and wife, A, NJ. Potts and wife, John A.
Moore and wife, st. Johnsbury.
Miscellaneous Articles.
I%ilblolNtlSt ntculbNblh, WOISlttlt ptllNll-
ing, drawing, and other fancy work, S2j in
the committees hands TO be awarded on
merltorious articles.
Committee-Rev G. NJ. Southgate and
wife, st, Johnsbury; IL. NJ. Halt and wife,
East Burke; +. A. Walker and wife, n. NJ
johnson and wife, A. S. Livingston and wife,
St. Johnsbury.
Committee requested to underline merito-
rious articles, and printer to print tho name
in italics when published
The following are tho superintendent to
see that the committees are on the ground
and prepared TO act: On horses, l.. A..
Parks cattle, A. r. lIovoy; sheep, j. II.
EMERSON; mechanics and floral hall, John
Bacon ID, whom committeeman will recOg-
nizO rs the proper officers to assist them IN
their preparatory work.
Regulations.
| No premiums will be awarded on any az
ricultural productions manufactures or me-
chanic arts, which are not the growth, man
uGctme, or production of the territory in.
cluded within the limits of the society, nor
unless said article or production shall be-
owned by member of the society; case Of
moving machines excepted.
Premiums will not be paid on any animal
that has not been owned within the said lin
ITS ut least three months next previous to
tho time of the fair
All articles within tho hall are required
to remain on exhibition during the contnu-
ance OF the fair. No premiums awarded
unless tho article presented is meritorous
Tho committees of the several classes in
floral hall will commence their examination,
on the second day, at 8 o'clock, A. NJ.
Ladies who offer articles for exhibition
will receive OF the secretary on application
n free admission ticket, good the first two
days Of the fair, Lady exhibitors can re,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-08-28

Tulal coo olupifoi
1t has long been held that lands that have
once been granted to railroads could not re.
vert to the national domain except by some
subsequent legislation Of Congress. This
opinion was held by Joseph Wilson, the late
Commissioner Of the Land Office, aud has
not been reversed until within few days,
when Attorney General Williams, in re-
spouse to an inquiry Of the Secretary Of the
Interior, decided that subsequent action of
Congress was not necessary aud that origi.
nal grants were to be interpreted in accord
anee with the real intent Of Congress, aud