Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1874-10-18
ANDY JOHNSON.

The Third Term-His Senatorial
AspiratiOns-GOVernOr John C.
BrOwn-Ihe People and the
Government.
/ In accordance with the previous an.
nOuncement TIL at Ex-President Andrew John
/ son would speak at the GTeenlaw Operahouse
! q large number Of citizens assembled there
last night to hear this distinguished gentle.
man and great orator, whose appearan &c upon
[ the rostrum Is always greeted with interest
1 by the public. Last night Greenlaw Opera
house was filled from pit to DOME and the
people seemed quite impatient that Mr.. John
son should com mence his speech.
There were quite number Of ladie.
present, and they, too, were interested IN the
occasion. In the vast crowd were a few white
Radicals, and here and there in the gallery
could be seen a bunch OF negroes. The ap
pearance OF Mr.. johnson upon the stage wac
the signal for applause.
the following words:
FELLOW CITIZENS Il have the honor OF in.
Producing 10 YOU the great champion OF the
fender OF TIE constitution of the nlted states
and the only living ex-President, Tennessee
most eminent statesman and honorable son
Andrew johnson. prolonged cheer.
MR.. JOHNSON'S SPEECH.
He said ne had come there to discuss some
OF the questions that agitate and divide, If not
distract, the public mind. He did not appear
there for the purpose OF making a speech
merely, but to discuss some OF the measures
which now claimed the attention Of tue pub
lie. II, on the other hand, he could make an
impression, or Judgment" as he was wont
TO say, of the vast importance of these queS.
tiOns in the minds OF the auditors, he would
feel more than compensated Tor his labor aud
time. He was not there TO make a display OF
fireworks, DoT flourish of trumDets, put 10
address the judgment and sound sense Of the
people, who, instead of being controlled by
passion and actuated by impulse, should look
TO those measures which have the country
good at stake in their accomplishment. When
they looked at the condition OF the country
when they looked at its emDarrasSments;
when they looked at the tendency of the poll
cy of congress to GENERALIZATION and the ex-
erc1se Of power clearly beyond the limits
OF the constitution-when the people realized
the distress of the country the dangerous
power being exercised, the enormous debt,
both State and national, that had been Gre
ated, the indications were not to be misun-
OF the character OF our government. The
woodsmRn could tell by the overcast sky that
a storm was approaching. So the people,
from the present condition Of the country and
the indications ABOUT them, could see that
there was approaching great storm, which
would require their whole power TO prevent
and turn aside In the first place, he would
speak OF agriculture as one OF the measures
Necessary in this IesistGnce; some used the
terms " patrons OF husbandrg' and " grang-
ers," buJ he would use the term " agricut-
ture;" would frs inquire into its impOr ,ance,
TO see what II was connected with, etc. As
one Of the bases on which portions OF his
spt ech rested that, he would read as follows
an extract from his message 10 congiess in
1850:
"Our government springs from and was
made for the peOple-nOt the people for the
government. To them ii owes allegiance;
nom them it must derive its courage, strength
and wisdom. But while The government is
thus bound to defer 70 the people, from whom
10 derives its existence, il should, nom the
very consideration Of It's origin, be strong In
its power Of resistance to the establishment
of ineq qualities mOnopolics, perpetuities and
class legislation, for they are contrary 10 tue
genius of tree government, and ought not to
be allowed. Here, there is no reason for IA
vored classes or monopolies; the principle OF
oar government is that OF equal laws and
freedom OF industry Wherever monopoly
aItains a foothold II is sure to be q source OF
danger, discord and trouble. We shall but
fulhll our duties as Legislators by according
equal and exact justice 20 all men'-spocIat
privileges to none. The government H. suhur-
dtnate to the people; but, as the agcat and
representative OF the people IL must .e held
superior to mOnopolles, which, In Lle4.7e- YES,
ought never to be granted, and which, where
they exist, must be subordinate and yield 10
the government"
right 10 regulate commerce among the several
STATES. II is of the FIRST necessity, for the
maintenance OF the Union, that that COM.
nnerce should be free and uno0stTucted. No
State can be justified in any device 10 lax the
transit of travel anu commerce between
States. The position OF mary states Is such
that, il they were allO wed 70 take ad.
vantage OF il Tor purposes Of local
revenue, the commerce between states
might be injuriOusly burdened, or even viz
tually prohibited. 1t is oest, while the coun-
try is still young, and while the tendency 10
dangerous monopolies of this kind Is still fee
bic, TO use toe power OF congress so as to pre-
vent any selfish impeachment to the free clTcu-
latiOn OF men and merchandise y tax on
travel and merchandise, z their transit, con
stitutes one OF the worst ferns Of mOnOp ply,
and the evil IS increased II coupled with
denial Of the choice OF route. When the vast
extent Of our country Is considered, IL is plain
that every obstacle 70 The free circulation Of
commerce between the states ought 10 be
sternly guarded against by appropriate leeis-
lation within the limits Of the constitution
The great idea and fundamental principles
of the government. as set forth in the FOnsu
tuition, were expressed In the paragraphs
which he had just read, They started out
with the idea that class legislation was iuju-
rious TO the prin piles OF government herein
referred 10, and that the country should guard
against such oppression. Agriculture, in
view OF such encroachmenIs, had found IL
necessary TO form Itself into organizations
to protect its industry and pursuits
These organizations were termed Oranges,
connection with agriculture, they find
other things are important, Agricultare
could not stand alone. In congress there
were scarcely enough OF agriculturists 20 form
a committee. This shows that the agricultu-
fal interest is not sufficiently inter- sted in
congress. He was gratihed To see that agri-
culture YVES coming forward in those organi-
cations with which 10 protect its interests.
There were those present, doubtless, for he
saw several gray haired persons, who Ielnem-
bered the time when II was considered a spe-
cies of demagoguery TO discuss or urge doc
times looking 10 the protection of such inter
ests. When he ac VOcafed such measures long
ago he was by many termed a dems gOgue.
Now he was especially grained to see that
such Salutary measures as he then advocated
were being adopted and carried int effect as
the basis OF society, for the coudiu n OF the
country demanded II. Look at the mOnOpO-
lies in the shape o. bonds-look at them in
the shape of bonds of railroads and in the
shape OF land grants. Why, they find in one
OF these grants TO railroads an area of land
eQuai 70 tne whole state OF Tennessee, forty
five thousand square miles. MonopOlies were
taking possession of e railroads. When
President he saw these unjust tendencies and
injurious measures and asked the attention OF
congress; asked thai they be looked into, aod
see to what extent such measures We're being
exercised. He sent in Lis views then, and he
was now glad 70 see tne people were oeglnnlpg
TO pay attention to these views. There We're
some other very important ingredients in
connection with agriculture necessary TO con-
Stitute the basis OF society. Mben the agri-
found something there was necessary to ena-
BILE him 10 produce and bring out what was in
the field. He wanted iaboreIs who could dig,
plant, hoe, etc. He then called in the aid Of
The laborer; hence the lsbOrer and the farmer
became necessary to each other as Ingredients
in the element OF society. Then &c Is seen
a plough, machines, axes hoes, which
the laborer and farmer must need.
hence, the agriculturist, the laborer and the
mechanic must be combined. They eOnsu-
tute the foundation stone on which all must
rest. [Cheers.l He did not want TO be under
stood as exclusive, for there We're Other
classes which, as appendages TO those referred
TO. were necessary 10 constitute society, and
were essential. He was not invidtous IN his
remarks, for all should be represented. When
he began TO talk OF the farmer, the lahorer,
and the mechanic, he found some began 10
look on 10 with a soowt, feeling that such were
degrading, and that they were not nted ior
labor. THIS was great mistake. Labor dis
graces no one; but often labor Is dlsgrsced.
Many young men on account OF the TACT that
they have been raiked In east and educated by
their parents, will be neither an agricultural
ist CT mechanic, for they think they VIII de-
grade them. The country was running Wilu
after professions, as n no education was re-
quired for the M chanic or farmer. man
10 make u skilllul lahOrer should De
educated. Agrioulturalists need as much ed
ucstion As the men of professions. because
they are not educated is no reason the young
men VINO have grown up in Rse should refuse
10 loarn anything valuable and useful 10 so
ciety; but they should be proHd of such learn
! Ing. When grown 10 older years 10 was easy
to abandon such labor, and 10 was easy 10
make support and reach respectable com
ditiOn IN society. The young men constituted
/ the ardOT, the circulation OF the great body
/ polite, the heat and warmth OF all that was
I being done IN politics. How important, tleui
was IL that they who Should take charge OF
/ public affairs should qualify themselves in
every department OF society. This disgrHced
no one, but added to their importance. tWorth
makes the man, the want OF il the elbow. o.
! There was no reason 10 be idle, but AL should
add 70 the wealth 81 the world and
Of the nation. The community should
/ lie could cite numerous instances
where the most distinguished men had been
( called from the work shop and the field q
places OF high position aud grave Iesponsi.
bility. This was so even as far back as Rome
when disorder reigned they went TO the fields
and called on Cincinnstus TO take charge OF
the government and AL was restored. There
was socrates, the philosopher, the statesman
and the fRshioner Of the human intellect w f,C
in earlier days learnt his trade and with hi,
chisel shaped the rock into forms, and after
ward Instructed tho youth Of Athens. An
other Instance is that Of krehimedes, IN,
great geometrloian, who walked about witt
hls rule In his pocket and understood the MS
OF the glass-the man who said h,
D