New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-03-25

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legs Of the BRAIN That part is composed OF Two ,S
quite distinct from another. Let us sIppose %,
OF the srard eersb and that disease has o,s
| small part of one OF these. What SHAH M We ey wiz
set S % destrctop Of one part Of the eerer or
pons paro necessarily will produce paralysis W ht
we see In cases Of disease there, the paralysis may
in the same side Of the body where .g , r in
or on the opposite side 1t may be In one arm onB Vr ~
leg only The facts are oge sea also cases in
TO me a aSn Vie eHroi 10" DESTROYED without
sny paralysis at ALL We should also, according 10
few OF the abers would produce only PARALYSIS OF
of the muscles There are no sncn cases on uvoi
essential take another view OF TINS MATTEL
have proposed this explanation: that paralysis appears
only from irritation which starts Iton aan p
where the disease IS and acts upon paris az uistnco
SO as to modify them All OF you know thatta tickling
of the soes of the feet produces en nee rr
ton in the brain which Will produce compe.e y, y"
partial paralysis IN one pETsOf 70 the exstaby
of different people. Take the facial nerve r now,
That in almost all ~h9 y prSap only
e% S S s1S Gta@ we ne disease which
s mSy sccupV %l every Of BRAIN Il we
cude that paralysis comes because the nervous cent.
of the facial nerve destroyed would have TO place
that center part of the BRAIN in one individual
in one part; IN another indylda 10 another part snd
considerable part of the brain does not result IN tnat
paralysis we would have to conclude that sois indi.
yiddas 90 nor ye that nerve IN their brSin This IS
A reduetio adj absurdun. We have therefore 10 throw
overheard that theory. EN-
HALF THE BRAIN EQUAL TO THE WHOLE
There is one point about which should ike 10
deliver o whole lecture. L can only say now u low
words IN regard TO it. 1t is most important
tonic A study of the facts relating to the Draih
has led me TO conclude that each half OF the prah-
| paradoxcal az 1t may SCENTS whole brain ina' ~
that onehaf OF the brain IS sufficient ior an , ,h
I must mention a conclusion although ~ may seem ou.
side of nv subject It that we are extremely negieSt
ddi our right arm and make use OF the
right of the body as much as possible ana ea N ne
other side inactive EXCEPT 10 walking. We 90 not peI
form what really needed i We nave two brains, ia e
question that II Is our habit OF making ase OF Of the
one side of the body that consgns 10 ones ~ ' h
bain-the right sdethe faculty OF expressing lucas Ny
speech 1t we developed both saeS o. our oooS wre
only would there be the penent thai We b Int
or work with the left hand as well as WIN tne ~"
We should have two brains instead OF one, anu wouu
not be deprived of the power OF speech through oSea'
| Of one side OF the brain. $3.50 ", ,.o, ,h.,
in the second lecture | said that would examine t"o
series OF facts showing the power OF arrest ol
activity that nerve force ana Tue am ocy
instead OF an arrest. / now come, therefore, 10 inc
study OF the production OF the various kinds OF aGtvy
mat the nerve force possesses TIE first question have
to examine that which relates TO the oi
force in producing muscular contraction IL Is eSsehi
first 10 say few words the power OF muscular con,
traction and TO see II thdt power Is Isuno' h anu
| n good many different views about tnls
but as have little time shall only say tha inc view
il almost universal that the nervous system Is not
essential to the existence of muscular contraction OF ~
ritaby that contraction can take place without p aS
interference Of the nervous system. MY rlehh, Iro
Bernard Of Paris made some Ingenious experiment on
this subject He found that the poison tT
which unite the brain wlth the muscles oe,
ecnrS He drew the conclusion that muscles
remain connected with the brain as regards ther acv
Ward long ago IL is not clear all that in that case
the muscular power in the per Ia lost There Is state
bc sbeat6 Of ;he muscular bers which very
doubtful that the woorar acs upon those pd az ahd me
sheath OF the muscular fbers The same objection can
be made to the relating TO the section OF nerves
, A MAN STRONGER WHEN DEAD THAN ALIVE
II is weLknown that II a nerve has been divided,
after four days loses its power The muscles how
ever remain perfectly active. and we can produce con-
traction in them Unfortunately here, also, there Is an
element Of nerve tissue which ia Inside OF the nerve
sheath and is not known whether 1t has LOST IT'S power
or not In the case OF two decaptated men nadc an
experiment of cutting OFF the arms. fonDd, after
thirteen and half hours IN one case ana Ionftees
! HE in the limbs had disappeared. Up TO that
n 1%o' G bS% x sy'' my am or SapdS%fter
caused the muscles 10 respond TO the irritation then
intacted the blood of into one OF those arms and
the blood of dog into another In both cases local ne
was restored IN those arms The muscles became lrrta
powerful Indeed in the arm IN winch the blood OF the
was greater certainly than during life There there
fore return OF muscular rltahty 9fter III nad dsa-
Fpemsaed quite dead Therefore seemed quite clear
that the muscular rTitabity depended upon nutr ton
BY blood and the oxygen III IT. The blood injected was
richly charged with oxygen and that was the reason
why the muscular irritation became SO great There
! was more oxygen than usual AS tue nerves Hau not
RECLAIMED any power at ALL it not through any lnu-
ence OF the nerves tue muscles that the part had
same objection that do not know whether the ele-
ments OF the tissue which are inside OF the
! sheath or muscles had lost their power or not.
But there are other facts more decisive. Professor
Simpson of Edinburgh examined the power OF eontrae
the umOlhcal coru-the cOru wnlch uhltes Tue
fptus its mother. In that cord the contraction by
gayanisW was made Win great intensity some phys
there. II there are any. they are very small In the
iris OF eye have found singular Tact Long ago
had discovered that light affect the iris OF the eye
even when il has been removed from the body The eye
of tue eel had been removed from the BODY Tor sixteen
DAVIS aud kept az temperature OF about 36' 10 400 Fa
But found that although the eye was IN almost com.
muscular tibers There it was impossible 10 admit tina.
| there was nervous action Tue muscular hbers them
But there fact which is more decisive to snow that
muscular rritaby is independent of tue nervous sys
fem for its existence. 1t Is that II we strike muscle
that is dying away produce ridge at the place We
strike. All the hbers in the muscle contract at that
Mace. And a. impossible TO Omit that IN those
cases there has been nervous action In every element
fiber because the parts Il spSSe OIL Whl1h are inside
Of the fiber, and part OF the muscle may react IN
tbat way, 49, therefore, Impossible to admit that there
any action in those cases Therefore, they
that muscles are Independent OF nerves Tor their
| pass now 10 a class OF movements which call
rhythuical IL well known that the heart performs
| them. IL has been questioned whether THESE move
ments depended on the nervous system 1heIe Is no
question indeed that IN normal staei 90 not say IN
rhythmca movements OF the heart de-
pend upon cells OF gray matter when are inside OF the
heart itself The Diaphragm the mosl nportahJ Oh inc
muscles OF respiration, possesses he te power
of contracting hythmIcay quite independent OF the
BRAIN the spinal cord and the nedutta odtongdtd In
almost all experiments we hu1 tha When We destroy Tue
brain or nedUl0 ObiOagdtd we destroy the movement
of the diaphragm but that Is by the Phenomena OF
arrest We arrest the movements OF Tue ulaphIasm
there as arrest the movements or the heart when we
gavaDZe the p Udgua. But we operate IA certain
vay we NAV succeed IN separating tine diaphragm
pleely from the spinal cord by the dissection oil the
continung 10 act perfectly in rhythmca way. We see
1t even when we have rendered tue warm FLOODED