davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30
Correspondence.
For the VERMONT FARNER.
COMMERCIAL VALUES.

1t is admitted that all articles Of COM
merce have both an actual aud a commercial
value, and that the actual value cannot be
measured by material substance.
How are commercial values measured?
Or isthere really any measures of CONNER
cial values. We have standard measure
of length. 1t is a foot. Other nations
have other and different standards. An ell
10 Flanders is only three-6fths Of an ell in
England. A rubber cord lying at rest
measures five feet; it may be stretched till
1t measures ten feet; and we ascertain its
length by applying our unit of measure to it,
and finding how many times it is contained
in the length Of the cord. We have no such
measure of commercial values. We cannot
demonstrate the value of horse as we can
the length Of a cord. But still we have
unit of value. All nations have. In Eng
land it is pound in the United States,
dollar. ..l
As we have no settled commercial value
and no way to measure it, every man makes
his own estimate, or, to use a Yankee
phrase, he "guesses at it." A speculator
buys a horse. He thinks it will sell for
two hundred dollars, and pays one hundred
and fifty. Who can tell the commercial
value of the horse? Commercial value is
like the rubber cord every man stretches
it to suit himself AS dollar is the unit
of value here, the sellar estimates the value
of his horse in dollars. The transaction,
stripped of all the mystery that political
economists have thrown around it, is sim
pie exchange. He swaps his horse for one
hundred and fifty dollars. His horse meas
ures the value of the dollars as much as the
dollars do the value Of tho horse; aud it
makes no difference whether the dollars are
gold or paper it is a simple exchange the
horse for the money.
1t would be convenient, no doubt, if the
measures of length aud the denominations of
value were the same in al! nations and if
the materials represe nting this value were
the same; but the most highly civilized ma
tions have paper cure ncy, whose circula-
tion is limited. These nations, therefore,
have two kinds of currency; sometimes of
equal, aud at other times of unequal values.
This paper money is used as the common
medium Of exchange, and whatever its val
ue as compared with gold and silver, it an
swers all the ends Of coin for this purpose.
Our "greenbacks" are declared by 3olemu
act of congress to "be lawful money and a
legal tender. They are the common circu-
lating medium of exchange, and the price of
gold is Of no consequence to me, because l
AN farmer; l neither dig, buy nor sell it.
The price of it is like the price Of cham
paign that l never use. Whether it is high
or low is nothing to me.
But the state of New Hampshire, including
town debts contracted during the war, owes
some eight million dollars. ] have got to
pay my share Of this debt, and it is a matter
of great Importance to me that the circuat-
ing medium should be SO great that my
produce will sell for good price. For
this reason | call on all farmers to spit on
all "specie payment" platforms. s. F.
Lyme, N. II.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30

Over two thousand signatures have been
obtained by lady canvassers in South Bos.
ton, Mass, to the temperance pledge,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30

Permanent meadows have been of late
years much dispensed with, and the fields in
rotation have been substituted to furnish
hay. We think it a better system.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30

In st. Peter, Minnesota, is a pig only
six months old and weighing two hundred
pounds.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30

ploys language which conveys to his readers
the idea that the chemists he names have
pretended to fix or estimate the actual crop
producing value. He conveys this idea and
muddles together the two conceptions above
stated, when he compares Storer's and Goess-
mann's estimated commercial values, founded
on chemical analyses, with the results Of
field trials, and from that comparison con-
cludes that the latter disprove the former
Now what are the estimated values of the
chemists based upon7 They are based, l.
Upon our knowledge Of the kinds, quantities
and conditions las to solubility or activity
of the fertiliEing elements which a manure
contains and 2. Upon knowledge of what
these elements, in their various states, are
worth, or can be purchased for in the mar.
ket. The analyses are made simply and
solely to ascertaius approximately what the
consumer can afford to pay for the articles
analysed, aud TO compare them with each
other as to their relative value in money.
When Storer gave S24 as the approximate
value" Of the "Wilson's of 1872" which he
analysed, he meant that a fertilizer like that
which he examined was worth, as a super
phosphate, for which it was sold and which
it professed to be, less than half what was
charged for it (retail price S55 per ton.)
He implied that the valuable elemeats, the
real fortilizing essence Of that sample, all
which justified branding it a superphOsphate
and charging high price for it, amounted
to but 1918 per cent Of its weight, that
this valuable fraction in each ton could be
purchased, or ought to be purchasable, in
open market for S24 or thereabouts. If
Prof. Storer believed or intended to assert
that "Wilson's of 1872" was worth per ton
just S24, and neither more nor less, to any
farmer who wanted crop Of barley, beans
or rutabagas, why did he take the trouble
to try it upon those crops to obtain q very
different result2 When Goessmann gave
SAC 60 as the estimated value of "Wilson s
of 1872" it was because the sample that
came into his hands contained about twice
as much fertilizing value commercially con-
sidered, or as a merchandise was intrinsical-
ly worth twice as much money, as the lot
which Storer analysed. But let us glance
at the field experiments little more atten-
lively, and note the lights and shadows
which they cast upon Prof. Horsfords ad-
dress. Prof Horsford says
| In the second part of the Bulletin of the
| Bussey Institute, Prof. Storer has gwen the
results OF II prolonged series of experiments
made ut the Bussey farm during the years
| 1871, 1872 and 1873, with various articles sold
rs fertilizers, including these two superphos-
pilates, to wit, Wilson's and Bradley's XL,
and near to the conclusion he gives upon a
| scale of merits in thirtieths, among the re-
| suits of experiments, the following:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30

The conviction that forces itself upon the
reader 10 view Of this comparative statement,
is, that the principles upon which chemists
have been accustomed to rely in estimating
the value OF commercial fertilizers are not
yet of the character of real science 6rst, be-
cause the chemists do not agree among them
selves, and second, because they do not agree
with the results of practical experiments.
Prot. Horsford goes on to say further:
Another instance will render this conVic-
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30
THE PRESENT AGE.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
.gT ST. JOHNSBURKI VT.

Read BY Laura Brigham BOyes at hs NOrt46sid GronSs
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-30

In these results the superiority of Wilson's
animoniated superphosphate is apparent.
With Barley it is more than 100 per cent
better. both with fruit and herbage. With
the others 1t is less. Let us average the
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

A strnng effort is going to he made
to defeat Dick Clarkson for State
Printer This is all pure cuss work,
and those who are directly or indi-
rectly ailing the move are actuated
by "plre cussednessn and nothing
else. Marshall Times.
Isn't ait barely possible that the
Times puts the case in terms just a
trifle too strong. Do the Ciarkson
Brothers hold claims upon all the fat
offices in the gift of the Legislature
and the United States, or even upon
the Office of State Printer, which take
precedence of the claims of all other
parties.@ While they hold the Des
Moines Post Office by virtue Of their
journalism their friends should not
snap atothers who think it just as
we'll to distribute the Offices as to
give them out in lots to the leaders
Of either of the factions at the Capital
Mr.. Ciarkson would doubtless make
good officer; but Mr.. Woodruff
would serve the State as well. There
are tiftyother men in the State who
have just as good foundation for a
claim upon the Office as either Clark
son or Woodruff. Bro. Chaplin, of
the Times, has a good head, and usu-
ally carries it level; he sometimes,
however, says things naughty. He
is entitled to his choice, but should
not SO harshly accuse all who do not
look at this matter through his spec
tacles.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
RATES ADVERTISING
local affairs by local Off

ministering local affairs by local off,
GERS. Even Missouri has taken a
step in the same direction and by
submission Of the question to the
people Of the several counties, per-
mits the townships to govern them
selves in local matters if they choose.
1t seems to us quite time that Iowa
kept step with the march of modern
ideas on this question. Every man
with whom we have conversed on the
subject admits that our necessary
public expenditures for local objects
would be much more economically
managed if left to the people i'm their
townships. That fact alone is almost
or quite a conclusive argument in fa-
vor of the adoption of such system.
But it is not the only argument. We
can never have that vigiIant and en-
lightened interest in public affairs, on
the part of the mass of the people,
which we ought to have, until we
throw upon them a more direct re-
sponsiblity in managing them.
That vigilant interest is our, only
safeguard against mismanagement,
corruption and the decay OF public
virtue.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

Late reports indicate that Presi-
dent Grant is firm in his determine
ton to adhere to his nomination OF
Atty Gen. Williams for Chief JUS
tice. A correspondent of the Inter
Ocean says that the President recent
ly gave his views in very emphatic
terms on the question of appointing
one member of the Supreme Court
as Chief Justice. He was asked by
a gentleman delegated to communi-
cate with him in regard to the mat
ter, whether, i'm case Mr.. Williams
should be rejected, the appointment
was likely to go to any member of
the court, and if so whether COM
munication from the justices in re-
gard to the matter would have any
effect. The President replied very
decidedly in the negative, and said
he was opposed on principle to Sc
lection from the bench. He thought
when lawyer was appointed as JUS
tice of the Supreme Court and assum-
ed the duties Of the office, he ought
to consider that he had reached the
hight Of his ambition; that he was
consecrated to labor in one of the
most exalted places in the nation,
and ought to settle himself to this
life work with the determination TO
abandon all other ambitions for pO-
litical preference or prefermcnt
among his fellows. The President
continued to express his objections to
appointing from the bench, in such
terms as to convince those who had
approached him on the subject that
his mind was unalterabIy made up
not to appoint any one Of the present
Justices in case the Senate rejects Mr..
Williams.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

WASHINGTON, January, 2.-The
public dobt statement shows the total
debt to be $2,249, ,245, ,262; total inter
esq $42, ,547 OPS; coin balance in treas
ury S9l AIS, ,l09; currency balance in
treasury 81, ,277 ,S5l; special deposits
held for redemption Of certificates Of
deposit, as provided by law, $780,
10000; total in the Treasury Sl23,-
4-G, 1861 ; debt, less cash in the Treasu.
ry. s., l59, 9,3l5,326; increase during
the month $S, ,4G2, ,272.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

TbarA of Dao Nroinos o saora. CO
cie'y W paiiu Vi men "ho ioi '"e
past eight years nave pafaded the
streets at midnight on New Year
eve in cowIs and white robes. and
.,. 81, a,,.. ao.a,s,o,,;oa
ringing a large bell, burning docu'
ments. etc. No one outside the mys.
tic circle knows who they are, OF
what J. purposes. Their midnigh'
yearly meetings are announced by no
tices sent to the city papers by letter
and published day or two before
the close of the year. The following
are samples Of their mysterious an
noupcements:
r. T.. G.. A.-"Iet not the right
hand know what the left hand do
en-. e, me al'at ., - sp',hHn pnnn neu WI" 49,"
foot nf fha throne ana fhe ynlture
flaps his wings for the final flight
l0;3O IL the hour Tor the unknown 10
@ aase'ii",e. i ny s'u"1 penl .',,9 " m'
tmr, S e " N
r + G. A-uITa that pjvetb to
the poor lendeth TO the Lord" The
serpent's fangs are bare. He will
strike at lG:3o. Nheh H'e great
n,b.ninh , @ iat I thn ,nt f,jthr,i Gttt as.nmhia
The band j. known TO be a chariia-
ble ono Last Thursday unorninp at
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

THE Democrat still does rs the favor
to keep standing in it's columns with
conspicuous display, our article OF
Sept. 18th last, in reference to Grange
Picnics. If IL will continue to DO so
throughout the year 1874, we wilI pay
any reasonable bill, on demand, for
that service. We have already pub
lished the article second time for the
Democrats benefit, and have no OBJ
lection to giving 1t third time or ms
often AS any one wishes to see it. The
Democrat is at liberty to falsify and
misrepresent the matter, and misquOte
our words, and indulge in vulgar slang.
cowardly insinuation and open false
hood without limit. Nc. wants to
show his true beastly nature and his
exalted ideas Of respectable journal
ism and Senatorial dignity. He is
fighting for the Grange, but while he
uses such weapons he disgraces that
order as well as his paper and his ohi.
cisl posiIiou. Fire away bic.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

Henry w. Genet, one Of theTweed
gang of thieves, recently convicted
of offences similar to those Of Tweed,
but turned loose by deputy Sheriff,
was one Of the prominent Deinocrat-
ic politicians and fast-horse men OF
New York City. His stables were
furnished inside with polished black
walnut.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

Col. VIM. Nee. Dye, of Marion,
Linn Co., formerly Colonel of the
goth mot Goth as the Democrat has IT.
Iowa Infantry, has been offered and
has accepted the position Of Chief of
Staff in the army of the Khedive Of
Egypt. He has already started for
that country to enter upon the duties
of his position.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

The testimony of the surviving
prisoners of the Virginius shows
their treatment by the SpaDiards 10
have been far more barbarous and i'm
human than was indicated by the
first brief reports. If a just God
takes cognizance of national sins, and
Furnishes nations for their iniqnities,
the eventual fall Of the cruel and hea-
thenish government in Cuba must
surely come. Freedom and humani-
ty have suffered enough already to
condemn it. The civilized world
cannot much longer tolerate such a
state Of things as has existed there
for the past five years. If Spain and
and the patriot revolt both fail 10
bring an early change in the order
of things, a general Congress OF the
civilized nations should be called to
establish a government in Cuba that
will abolish slavery and organize
peace and lazy.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

Thos. F. Withrow, Supreme Court
Reporter, and Hon. f. III. Stiles, in
cumbent, are publishing complete
digest of the decisions of our Terrific
rial and State Supreme Courts, in-
Guiding the oath volume of Iowa Re-
ports. The Ottumwa Courier says
Mr.. Stiles goes to Albany, n. Y, to
superintend the publication. 1t is q
little singular that they should leave
the State with piece Of work of that
kind. There are several publishing
houses in Iowa that have facilities
for doing the work, and it should be
done at home. However, it is a pri-
vate affair of their own, and they
have a right to have their work done
away from home If they choose.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
Blacksmithing.

RVsEhTS AND JAMES have opened a
~, =. Blacksmith Shop in the building for
4. occupied by j r. Roberts, just west of
so.n ne" Baak building, and are prepared to
80 work IN their line in the best manner
a'iair rates. Ten per cent of for cash.
CARRIAGES AND WAGONS.
N a. sHAFER 10 carrying on the Carriage
ana Wagon busiress in the same build
,a.s mare DC Il prepared to do all kinds Of
.w asork In neat and substa ntial manner.
psfsons IN need nf work are invited to
soein call at their shop. (tf.1
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
knoxville National Bank.

X sOAVILLE, IOWA. CAPITAL $le0, 100
N Gold, Silver, Government and other
"arities bought and sold. Interest allowed
sI nne deposits. Special attention given 10
.h'tions Open from 9 A. NJ. to P. NJ.
e''pt Sundays.
=, DIRECToRs,
v. Collins, s. l.. Collins, j 8. Ginning
,'n A. J. Kerr. Jackson X anisy, 5. h.
! s'russmy, J. Bittenbender, A. L. Brooks. b.
D. Woodruff.
, v OFFICFgS.
T y. COLLINS, President.
80, euNsIsGH.M, Vice President.
80 baIGGs, Cashier. (s.Istf
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
BIacksmithing.

|n sMlCK proposes to do all WORK in his
IL. line during the winter in ths best
possible amer, ar d at Iedacec prices. sei-
a'g the, cash $3.50, on credit 81; horse
moshg, new shoes, rer span, cash So, on
sselt' - 20; setting shoes, per span, cash
q ~, credit, 81 60 All jobbing at low rates,
aa 10 per cent. off for cash. shopon Robinson
,hioe', just east of Public Square. Give
l'a setii. g9- Spring wagon on hand for
he (22tf)
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

The late Report of Auditor of
State, Russell, for two fiscal years
ending Nov.l, 1873; shows that there
was balance in the State treasury
Nov. 1871, of $95, ,969.26.
Reed during 2 years.. 81, ,4O7, ,93s. SO
Total. ......................... 2,503, ,908.l2
Disbursem'ts in 2years.. 2,446, ,G8O.o8
Balance in treasury Nov.
/, 1873. 8.................... 57,228.Oi
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

ioUNG would respectfully ipform
h. we citizens of Marion County that he
..,,.,, ,Pened Cabinet Shop on Robinson
a,sa vest the fremont House, up stairs,
"a, "a soom forneriy occupied by the Repubh-
Ina. where he win have on hand all
III. Furniture, and Cofinsof all sizes, /,
10 Wiilseil Low for Cash. (tf.)
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

The population of the City Of
Washington, d. c., is now five times
as great as it was in 1861. The great
increase within the past IL years, is
attributed to the abolition of slavery.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

The Belle Plaine Union favors a
change by the Iowa Legislature this
winter in oursystem Of township and
County government. 1t wants
townships to govern themselves In
local affairs, but does not specify as
to what particular powers and duties
now resting with the county oifiei-
ais it would have transferred to the
township authorities. 1t says:
While most OF our neighb0ring
States have adopted II complete sys-
tenn Of township organization, for the
management Of local offairs, Iowa
still adheres substantially TO the CEN
tralizei system, adopted In its terri
t0riai days, Of government by coun'
ties. Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois
aud Minnesota have long since adopt
cd the true democratic system Qf ad-
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

A Call now appears in the Demo
cratic and Anti. Monopoly papers for
a " delegate convention Of all the vo-
ters Of Iowa opposed to the Radical
Party and Monopoly" 10 be held at
Des MOiues Feb. 18th. It's basis Of
representation is one delegate for
each organized county, and one addi-
tional for each 250 votes or fraction
over 100 east for Vail last fall. "The
object IL to organize the people for the
campaign Of 1874, and to consolidate
all the elements in favor Of reform in
the State and National govern
ments." The call is signed by n.
NJ. Ives, Chirman Anti-Monopoly
State Central Committee.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
Books and Stationery,

4 LBERT N. BRoRST, Dealer in School
n Books, Writing Papers. Blank Books,
Bibles, kc Music Books. Musical Instru-
ments, Music fer Sunday Schools, Singing
schools, &c. Organs, Vioiins, Accordeons,
kc. Pictures and Frames. Wall and Window
Paper. Paper Collars. All at Publisher e. ant
Manufacturers Prices. East side Of Public
square. knoxville. 431tf
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

The special election in Lee county,
to choose a State Representative in
place of Il. a. Layton, deceased,
takes place to-day, Wednesday. The
are Rice, Rep, and
Anti Monop. ...
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

In answer to letter of inquiry,
Speaker Blaine has written to the
Boston Adrcytiser expressing an
opinion adverse to the enactment OF
"a law to re-establish the franking
privilege. lie thinks it would be
better to dispense with the printing
of the public documents which have
heretofore been sent out SO lavishiy
under the frank of Congressmen.
His letter closes thus: We have
the cheapest postage, all things con.
sidered, Of any people in the world
and about the fairest thing | know
Of is for every citizen, public and
private, to pay his own share Of it.
If / would vote for any possible ex-
ception to the rule of uniform and
universal payment, it would be in
favor Of newspaper exchanges and
the free circulation Of county papers
within their own bailiWicks."
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
Maln st. Clothing House.

AkdER, MERCHANT TAILOR. has
,sd s'us,sntly on hand a Full Line Of Mems
Sod, w. Wear, Hats, Caps and Furnishing
4'ior Singers Eswirg Mschines.
s35tf
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
G.. Il. Conwell,

nEALER in StovAs, Tinware, Shelf and
~ Heavy Hardware, Reapers, Mowers I'D
Agricultural Implements ger nsrally. Agent
for NJ. w. Warren's Patent htmosp heric Port
able Soda Fountain. Old Stand, east side
Square, Knoxville ,2tt
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
Information of those who have been
j. ID. WHITMAN,
II. II. HARBOUR,
ID w PRINnIE

/ have read the above report and
had consultation with the Commit
tee and l shall cooperate with
them i'm their efforts. We shall have
no divided committees and distribn-
tons. n. B. BAKER.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08

The Ohio Legislature asks Con-
gress TO repenl the odious salary
measure. Our State Legislature
should do the same thing immedi'
ately upon assembling.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
O B. Az Z Is j.
s-osR. O. B. A
Stone * Ayres,

rToRNEYs at Law Claim and Real Es-
A tate Agents, Knoxville, Marion County,
lawa.
van attend to allbusiness entrusted to their
-, in Marion and adjoining Counties. viii
,,.tiee in the State and Federal Courts 3 IT,.
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
To Builders.

TOHT WEAVER is prepared to take con-
~ tracts for PIastering Laying Brick ana
Stone, Building Cisterns, Fiues, etc Salts
faction guaranteed. Materials furuished.
Leave orders at residence, East Knoxville,
at store of Welch & Wel,h. (7-39
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
Knoxville Marble Works.

- oBINSoN BROS, Manufacturers and
Al Dealers in Monuments and Head
Stones, and Graveyard Work OF every de
seription. Near northwest corner of Pnbti1
Square, Knoxville, Iowa. If
Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1874-01-08
T. K. Casey,

4 TToRNEY AT LAW, Knoxville, Iowa,
A Gfice cast side Of Public Square, ana
~ stairs over CoIwell's Hardware store.
VIII practice in Marion and adjoining Conn-
ta tt')