Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-02-06
elOp 4. oapabIIIlles d every direction.

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progressive movement that has commenced
among them, to improve their business, so
cial and political position.
Judge Adams followed, giving his expe-
renee 10 the improvement Of hard.pan y
land, and in tile draining. 10 the latter he
has been very successful, Transforming
large body Of worthless swamp land into val
liable meadow.
t.. FRIDAY MORNING.
J. II. Crons, Esq,
Of West Euosburgh, opened the meeting by
reading valuable paper upon Farm I'm.
He directed the attention to
the proper division OF farms into pasture,
moving aud tilage The saving of manure,
and its judcious use was insisted upon. Top
dressing of moist grass lands was advised.
Rotation on tillagc land was advocated, and
undertaking spoken Of as essential to the
development of the fertility Of many
kinds of land In tillage thorough
pulyerizatiou is the object and should be
secured by the proper use Of proper impe-
meuts, The care and Improvement of past
ures was touched upon, and their general
decline deplored.
u. Il. Jameson followed, specially upon
the subject Of grass, and the proper method
Of treating grass lands. lie advocated the
use of a greater variety in seeding, the more
common sowing Of clover, drainage, and irr-
gotoR where cheapy practicable. He gave
some instances of the successful irrigation of
grass in Irasburgh aud Berlin.
Then followed the singing, by an impromptu
glee club, of the song " Three Cheers for
the Plow, Spade aud Hoe
Gardner 5. Fsssett, Esq,
of Enosburgh, succeeded with an excellent
practical paper on Butter Making" which
we shall print in full in our Dairy Depart.
ment.
In reply to the question whether sweet
cream will make the best butter, or as good
as cream slightly acid, Mr.. f. d. Mason, of
Richmond, said it equals or surpasses any
butter in goodness but in keeping it is def.
cient. lie thought any butter is better when
a week old than it ever is afterwards
Mr.. ] ColcOrd asked how many pounds Of
milk or cream ought to make pound OF
butter.
Mr.. Fassett said it depended upon breed,
feed, and other circumstances
Mr.. Jameson spoke Of the grain of butter,
and expressed the opinion that it was due to
the presence Of water, aud when worked dry
it became salvy.
Mr.. Fassett said the granular appearance
was essential, whatever its cause, and that
it disappears in overwOrking.
Mr.. Douglas thought Mr. Jameson was
talking to start discussion. The granular
appearance which exists when the butter i.
rightly manufactured must bepreserved. In
reply to question about churns, said a
good churn must be one that will agitate the
cream not only thoroughly but equally. He
uses the barrel churn as fulfilling the object
perfectly. The box churus are on the same
principle.
Mr., p. 2. Baker favored the same idea,
and liked the box churn. He has adopted
the deep setting Douglass system aud fndi
il success
Mr.. A. A. Moore, of Berkshire, said b,
had made 21a pounds Of butter from II
quarts of cream.
Mr.. Fassett said that butter may b,
injured in its grain by working it when to-
cold, as is caused by using ice water too
freely for washing. Butter may be worket
three times as long without injury at a TEN
perature Of 6ss as at one Of 709. or 409.
Mr.. Baker said he kept his cream in the
water with the milk, and consequently at tn,
same temperature, with perfect results.
Mr.. Douglas said ice water could be NOR,
safely used to wash large churning than
small one, which cools too quickly. Their
ought to be a due proportion between tn
water and the butter IL any cold water j
used
Mr. Fassett in reply to a question said h
finished his butter, working and sailing, a
one operation,
Mr.. IIalbert said when this course is adopt
ed there is little danger Of breaking tn
grain. The temperature when it comes iron
the churn is nearer right for working than
is likely to be again.
Mr.. Powell, of Fairfax, asked for the hes
time to skim.
Mr.. Douglas said as soon as the milk |
slightly acid. He strongly endorsed tn
practice of finishing the sailing, working an
packing at one operation. He had tried an
seen triod both ways at alternate churnlngI
and in every instance buyers picked out th
butter finished at single operation as tn
best. Tue butter should be washed befor
it has gathered in masses larger than a wa
nut. If it gets larger before water is ap
piled the buttermilk cannot be thorough
removed.
Prof Collier spoke of the immense in
portanco Of careful, exact observations. II
doubted the existence of pelliclo upon th
butter globule. German microscOpists, VIII
are very careful observers, declare there
not, that It is an optical delusiOn ofunskillit
observers.
FRIDAY AFTERNOON.
The subject Of deep-sstting Us shalow.se
ting being assigned for the first half hOu
Prof. Collier opened the question by sayir
that II had been stated in the recent Dair