New-York tribune., 1874-07-29
APPLIED SCIENCE.

Tuv Resistance OF GLASS TUBES TO RUPTURE-
A. Caietet finds that a tube stands pressure from
the outside better than tho inside; put the pres
rures that tube can stand from the INSIDE are very
~reat One of nine millemeters internal diameter
and one mimeter thick was subultteu 10 All o9tsIue
ressnre Of AGO atmospheres without injury. and SUD-
seGuenty to an internal pressure OF loa amospheres
when 1t burst
ppc,rIARrrRs OF ORGAN PIPEs-Herman Smith,
fbe well-known constructor of organs, writing on
the variability of the node in organ pipes, states
that this is as yet unrecognIzed phrase III acous-
tics From the time of Savart ii has been known
that the modal division of the open organ pipe does
not take place at the exact half of the length that
The half nearest the embouchure is the shortest OF
these divisions. The position of the node Is per-
haps the most significant fact that presents itself 10
the attention of the investigator, whether student
OF teacher. The actual extent of the disparity De-
tween the unequal halves" of the pipe can he as
certained and is found be subject to laws as de-
finite as are found in other dynamical problems. If
n standard open diapasOn pipe be made ior some ue-
signed pitch whatever that pitch may be, IL NAV
safely be predicted that the pipe VIII stand consld
erably short of the full theoretical length III ought
10 be about one-eigbtb less whletor the YoX angeica
pipes the length of the pipe is about one,tWeuth
less than that which theory demands Unless TINS
pecuartv of organ pipes is properly understood and
allowed for great errors arise IN all determnatons
of the velocity of sound IN var1ous gases nerthan
three different velOcieS speeding at dlnerent rates
and concurring in every vibration, and essential 10
the synchronlc time OF Its note'
NEW NORMAL FLAME FOR PHoToMETRIC PUR-
rosRs-As O substitute for the ineXact and lneon-
yenient normal candle, carcel lamp &c, Prof
Wartha suggests simple apparatus for photometric
observations constructed on the following plan by
which flame that is easily controlled, and perfectly
constant for hours may be readily produced by the
uniform consumption of a volatile organic substance
of unvarying composition. metal flask, such as is
used in the lquefactiOn of earbonc acid by Natter
ers apparatus is partially filed with ether, and I'M
mersed in tin vessel filled with water. The exit
tube is supplied with burner at the end, and a
small water manometer the side, intended 10 IN
dicate the pressure under which the vapor reaches
the burner When the water is raised 10 2l2 If the
quantity of ether present is sufficient. the vapor Will
he delivered TO the burner under constant pressure
for hours and afford beautiful, quiet, white flame,
atns weighing no more than 1900 to 1000 grams
could be made TO resist more than double the low
pressure of the vapor, and the consumption tor
given time could be accurately Determined 10 OOlo
of a grain while by stating the size OF the opening
of the burner the material of which 1T Is composed
and the hight of the flame flame OF equal intensity
consumption. &C., could easily be reproduced and
regulated 1t is also suggested that such an lnstru-
znent might answer for the determination OF the
Unality and exposveness of petroleum, and several
such being constructed adapted 10 various uses