The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1874-03-19
THE POLARIs.

higher latitude than has been attained
by any other ship.
2. The navigability Of Kennard chan
mel has been proved beyond a doubt.
4. Upward OF seven hundred miles
Of coast line have been discovered and
surveyed.
L. The insularity Of Greenland has
been proved and
5. Numerous observations have
been made relating to astronomy. mag
netism, force Of gravity, ocean physics,
meteorology, zoology, etholgy, bot
any, and geology, the records of which
structions supplied by the national
academy, and some of the results Of
which we propose briefly to enumerate. 4
Great care was taken in determining
reliable meridian at Thank God har-
Dor. Soon after entering winter quar-
ters an observatory was erected on the
shore, 81 feet above mean sea level and
the transit instrum nta stationed there.
The longitude of this station was deter
mined by the observation of 300 lunar
distances a number of moon culminh-
tions ; great number of star trarssits
number OF star oculaticns; and 3
great number of attitudes Of the sun on
or near the prime vertical. It's latitude
by the observation of a great number of
accommodation attitudes OF the sun,
and a number OF attitudes Of stars. All
OF these observations were lost. but a
number of the results have been pre-
served which are sufficient to establish
the position of this station. Besides
the aforementioned observations, 20
sets OF pendulum experiments were
made, which are saved. but the Obser-
vatlons for time belonging to them are
lost.
The magnetic observations obtained
were more complete than any others
ever before made in the Arctic regions.
The instruments supplied were One
unlhlar declinometer one dip circle.
with Lloyd's needles: one theodolite.
and several prismatic eompasses. The
obsery. lions on variation Of declina-
ton were registered at Gottingen, and
were continued for five months. Read.
1ngs were taken hourly. Besides that,
three-term days were observed every
month, according to the GOttingen reg
uiatlonss one OF these term-days CORES
ponding with the days accepted by all
the magnetic stations. Further. num-
Der OF observations were taken either
with the theodolite or prismatic COM
pass. Whenever possible, the dip was
observed. and several sets of observa-
Gons on relative and absolute intensity
and OF the moment of inertia were OBJ
tanned.
Unfortunately there was not much
opportunity for taking soundipps
About twelve were obtained along the
coast of Grinnell Land, which prove
that the hundred -fathom line follows
the east at distance Of about fifteen
miles in Smith Sound. One of these
soundings 60 fathoms) proved highly
interesting, containing an organism Of
lower type than the BOthybiHs discov-
cred by the English dredging expedi-
tion. 1t was named ProtO6atLybists TO
Oesonit. A number of deep-sea tenn
Peratures were taken with correspond
ing observations on the density of the
dreenland the limits Of the Gulf Stream
were ascertained. Specimens of winter
from different depths wero preserved in
bottles, but, unfortunately, lost.
Alter having entered winter quarters
intercollegiate observations, which up TO
TINS time had been made three-hourly,
We're made every hour, Washington
time. The register contained obserya-
tons on the temperature of the air.
atmospheric pressure, pBychrometricai
observations, directions ard force of
wind, appearance of the sky. state of
weather, and both solar aud terrestrial
radiation. Besides, all extraordinary
meteorological phenomena were care
fully noted.
Special attention was devoted TO the
aurorabOrealis, which occurred fire.
quently, bat rarely showed brilliant
colors, never bright enough TO producs
spectrum Whenever necessary. one
observer was stationed at the MAGNET
ometer and the other outdoors the
former observing the motions of the
magnet, while the other was Watching
the changes IN the phenomenon and
taking sketches. Although an electro.
scope and electrometer were set mn. and
the electrical condition of the atmos-
phere frequently tested, in no instance
could the least amount Of electricity he
detected. The amount OF precipitation
was measured as carefully as the violent
gales would permit, by means of a rain
gauge supplied with funnel. In Feb
ruary, as soon as the sun reappeared.
observations on solar radiation were
commenced and continued throughout
the entire summer.
The collections Of natural historv are
nearly entirely lost. With the exoep.
ton OF two small cases Containing ami.
mails, minerals, and one package of
plants, nothing could be rescued. The
character of the fauna is North Arnav;-
can, as indicated by the Occurrences of
the lemming and the musk-ox. Nine
species of mammals were found fonr ~
which are seals. The birds are reyre-
senled by twenty-one species. The
number of species of insects Is about
ntteen, viz: One beetle. four butter
MES, SIX diptera, che blfmble-bee and
several ichneumons, parasites in cater
Pulars. Further, two species of spi-
GERS ana several mites we're found. The
a il1li OF lower grade are not vet
ready Tor examination.
The hora is richer than could be
expected, as not less than seventeen
phaneragamie plants were collected
besides three mosses. three lichens. and
i've fresh water algP.
Although the formation of the uDnar
sllurian limestone which seems To con-
stitute the whole west coast north of
Humboldt Glacier, is verv uniforr,
some highly interesting and important
observations have been made II vros
found that the land is rising. as indi-
Gated, for instance, by the Occurrence
OF marine animals In fresh water Lakes
more than thirty feet above the sea.
level and far ont of reach of the sprinv
tdes. wherever the locality was favor
able the land Is covered by drift, some
times containing very characteristics
hthological specimens, the identified
ton of which with rocks in South
greenland WAS very easily accom-.
piished task. For instance, garnets of
usually large size were found I'm Iafi-
tude 81 and so degrees, having marked
meteorological characteristics bv which
the identity with some garnets from
flskenaes was established. Drawing a
Sonelosion from such observations il
t TSecaIne evident that the main line Of
We HsrIt, indicating the direction of its
n' runs from south to north.
Rude Dentistry.