davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17
JUST PUBLISHED.
THE
AMERICAN
Educational Annual.

A cYcLOPEDIA
AND EVERY ONE INTERESTED IN
EDUCATIONAL MATTERS.
Valuable Reference Work
FOR NEWSPAPER OFFICES, PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE LIBRARIES, AND LEGIB-
LATIVE BODIES.
A Hand. Book.
FOR L NV
MEN GENERALLY.
VOLUME FULL OF INTERESTING AND USE
Full IMPORTATION FOR EVERYBODY.
CONTAINING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FORTY
SEVEN STATE AND TERRITORIAL
9uperIntendents of lnstruc.
ton. -.-...n.l Lsr,s-
The Annual gives Ada territory from their or
!.ton in 81 as during
the year.
cit contains History Of Educational Land Grants
and the Peabody Fund; Geographical and Scien-
tidc Discoveries for the past eighteen months !;
latest Educatona, statlsss for the entire country
and Number Of Pupils Enrolled, Average Attend
ance, Legal School Age, Number Of Teachers and
Average Pay; the School Funds Of the respective
States and the Annual Amount Of their School
Receipts and Expenditures; School Statistics OF
One Hundred American Cities; Education in other
Countries; the Compulsory Law Of New York; the
n0uC4uOnei rcaturee Oh the penulnS CiVil 0gnN
Bill; Educational Associations and Conventions
duringthe year List Of the Colleges, Universties
Theological. LAW Normal and Scientific Schools
in the United States; Brief Sketches Of al the
present State and Territorial Superintendent and
Also Of Eminent Educators who have died during
the last year and half; List Of the Educational
Journals in the Country; List Of the School
Books published during 1874. VOLUME 1sT, 1875.
PRICE, $3.50.
J. W. 6CHERMERHORN q CO.,
81 Publishsrs,
ABOND STREET NEW YORK
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17

r Avn AND COLLECTION OFFICE, Dysat. Ia
IL ma County, Iowa. Prompt attention given tt
| all business entrusted to his care
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17
A. BRANAMAN.

4 TTORNEYS AT LAW, Toledo Tama Count,
n Iowa. ONCE in Stones building, over W. (
Walters Grocery Store.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17
APPELGATE q KINNE.

1 TTORNEY AT LAW. Notary Public and Jus
II tice Of the Peace, Toledo, Iowa. Office ovel
Frees BuildinR~
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17
A. 81. STERRETT,

COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
~ Tama County, Iowa. Will be at Toledo ev
cry Saturday Public examination the last Satur
day Of each month. Residence South Of Public
School House; ONCE in Court House Toledo.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17

GEO. L. BAILEY u. AUSTIN.
BAILEY q AUSTIN.
TTORNEYS AT LAW AND LAND AGENTS
n Toledo, Tama County, Iowa.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17

$500 for SOIL $13O0-and all the stealings
that they could both make. Again take
the report Of Howbert, senior. We find that
there we're enrolled ct last pay day So8 Of
these Indians big and little.
Their semi-annual payment Is q. 507 50.
he paid them 415 head I'll around, 838x
415 equal $5,O7O the sum total paid out by
the missionary at last pay day. $5567. 81
The semi-annual payment less 4507O, the
actual amount paid, leaves . balance in
the hands Of agent unaccounted for in the
sum Of t5l78S, and IN approximate sum
Of $500, which he kept out Of their money
It previous pay day during the present
year. What did this christian gentleman
do with tho money. Did he put it down
in his jeanss People here about would
much like to know. Will he rise and ex-
plain. He may explain it away. but we
doubt it. He had no right to keep the
money. The government has al the ex-
penses to pay outside Of the sum which
we state belongs to these Musquakies.
Hence We are forced to the conclusion
that tho agency has appropriated the
smount to their own use which they have
neglected to pay over. LET Us RECAP1rU-
LATE. Expense Of agency: Salary Of agent
$500; Salary Of Agency Farmer $500;
stealings 81 ,O0O-total salary and steal
ings. without including perquisites mot
mentioned $500. Thus It can be seen
how this old bell weather with the flow.
ing locks, with the assistance Of his hope
full son +. p. and the countenance of the
Secretary of the Interior, swindles Uncle
Samuel out Of $500 and cheats ye Mus.
quake out Of 81 900 under the gxrb OF .
christian missionary. Yet we have no
agent resident hcre, and no one to look
after, the Indians, either to protect them
ID their rights, or to protect the neighbor-
hood, from their indiscretions In setting
out fire, &C. II this 10 christian interfeT-
cnce in behalf of the Indians we beg to be
excused from having any more Of 1t in
ours, and If we are to have this tribe in
our midst, let as have local agent, who
will always be here in case he Is needed
There are . good many capable, and hon.
est men who reside here that would will
ingly qualify for the position Of agent,
and do the work belonging to Il for the
alary provided BY lay, and no more.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-12-17
TO CONSUMPTIVES,

Burlington, Iowa, Tor Iowa lands,
or Lincoln, Nebraska for Nebraska lands.
Or apply to A. W. GUERNSEY, Tama City. lows
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Italian Army Gun.

l g ( T.
While the Germans are already pro-
vided with the Mauser gun, and the
French are discussing the merit of the
transformed Chassepot, the Italians are
not caught asleep. The Minister of
War at Rome, pursues theoretically
the instruction and armament of the
italian soldiers. He has given, some
time ago, the most pressing orders for
experimenting with the Vetterli gun.
The report of the officers speaks most
favorably of this frearm, the latest one
invented in Europe. They say that it's
precision Of aim is marvellous, and that
it fires shots which tell with deadly &C.
curacy at 5000 metres, or about $3.50
yards. Hit is recalled to mind that the
English arewell provided with Snyders.
the Turks and Eastern population of
Europe with Martini rifles, it will be
seen that let war come when it pleases,
it will be Accommodated with sufficient
quantity of war-like implements. It is
a notable fact, too, that each nation
seems to trust especially in frearm
invented by native, for the best de-
struction Of foreign armies. Thus, the
Vetterlis, Mausers, and Chassepots
may be taken for the nicknames of Ital-
ian, German, and French infantry.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Paisley Shawls.

The union of Scotland with England
in 1907, was the moving power which
first developed the energies of Paisley.
exhibited first in the manufacture OF
coarse checkered linen cloth; then i'm
itations of striped muslins, called
"Bengals :" and then checkered linen
handkerchiefs. After time a lighter
style of fabrics was introduced, such as
plain lawns, lawns striped with cotton,
and others ornamented with figured de-
vices. Rather more than century ago.
the making of sewing thread, known
by the name of "ounce thread :" and
"nun's thread" was commenced, and
carried on for many years to a very
large extent. When cotton made it's
astonishing advance in our manufsc-
turing districts, the Paisley linen
thread gave way to cotton thread,
which is still largely manufactured
there. About the commencement of
George Iii. g reign the Paisley weav-
ers introduced kind of silk gauze.
which was 80 admirably wrought as to
supersede for time everything else of
the kind. The trade prospered greatly:
companies came down to London to
establish new firms at Paisley, and
these firms not only employed the wea-
vers of Paisley, but those also of
all the villages in it's vicinity, as we'll
as establishing warehouses and agen-
Ecies in Dublin, London, and Paris.
But the article manufactured was
one peculiarly dependent on fashion,
and fluctuations took place 80 suddenly
and completely as to bring it to ruin.
Under these circumstances the men of
Paisley, instead of Responding, took
themselves to the muslin trade, which
they raised to great eminence, and
opened field for the employment of q
great number of females in tambouring
or embroidering muslins. About thirty
years ago the gauze trade again revived,
and, together with the plaid or tartan
trade, is now carried on to some extent;
but all of these yield at present to the
shawl manufacture, which, introduced
forty years ago, now forms the staple
product Of Paisley. The general char
acter Of the processes of shawl weaving
bears much analogy to that of carpet.
weaving. In both cases the worsted
yarns and the silk and cotton yarns for
.shawls are dyed before being used in
] the loom or the shuttle in both cases
draughtsmen are engaged to prepare
4 patterns, which are divided into squares
to facilitate the adjustment of the loom :;
in both cases the wooden fabric passes
through shearing machine to cut and
level the surface. One of the most
marked differences between them, how
ever, is this-that the shawl has some
times plain centre, with "a figured
border at two or four of it's edges and
in such case the border is woven as O.
broad web, containing several repeti-
lions of the pattern, which is afterward
cut asunder, and is sown on to shawl
: edge. @e2 Zan y a-t# fasf"eFs1
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Irving the English Tragedian,

In her last letter to the Spirit of the
Times, written from London, Olive
Logan says: eff I had not seen
Henry Irving I think I should have
written you most doleful account of
my experiences of London theatricals,
but Irving's genius is SO great that it
were idle to complain of a lack of art
in the community in which he lives and
acts. I never like to make strong
statements, because this matter Of act
ing is one IN which tastes differ; so
speak In moderation, and say that IN my
opinion Irving is the greatest tragic
actor I ever saw. His equal does not
walk the French stage, and has not, |
suppose, since Talmas time; and the
greatest admirer of Edwin Booth must
WELD the palm of superiority to Irving,
# only in the matter of immense physi-
cal power, so valuable, so Indispensable
to tragedian. IS
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Power Of the Mind.

Some one has said that man who
can play good game Of chess has ali
the mental requisites necessary for a
great general. A professor Of the manly
art Of fencing and boxing says the man
who can spar well has attained the high
est point Of physical development. In
this exercise every nerve and muscle is
brought into simultaneous action at the
command Of the brain. Dancing and
fencing are graceful sparring is more
graceful than either, because it de-
mands both Body and mind. Moreover
no man can spar we'll unless he has his
temper i'll perfect control. A common
objection is made to sparring on the
ground that il makes men pugnacious,
more ready to seek than to evade a
quarrel, in order that they may display
their superiority On the contrary, it
is almost invariably found thatthe con-
sciousness of power makes man more
forbearing to an opponent, cal1ner in
disposition, with a larger mixture of
that perfect self possession, which is one
of thefbest tests of true manhood.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Important Government Reform il
Riot#&9 20 Japan. 4i s''

A letter from Yokohama in the
Cologne Gazette says that the Iwakura
Ministry, after debating two days and a
night In succession in the Emperor
palace, have come to two important
resolutions. The first is that the plan,
SO often mentioned to foreign embassa,
doris, of introducing constitutional
regime and a representative Assembly
in Japan, shall be at length carried out
The first chamber will consist of repre-
sentatives of the nobility and the pro-
vinces and districts, and will shortly
commence its deliberations the second
is to be elected by the people. It is
said that the Emperor has already given
his approval to this scheme; but the
correspondent doubts whether it will
prove successful. The japanese, he
says are thorough easterns, and must
be governed by an absolute ruler no
one IN Japan either wants a Constitu-
ton or understands what it means.
The uneasy spirits in the country
especially, want to have the govern
ment entirely to themselves the new
rifles and ships of war acquired by
Japan have filed them with so high a
sense ofpower that they believe they
need only say the word and Corea with
the whole of the eastern seas will be at
their feet. The second resolution is to
pursue the war against Formosa. This
bad been already decided upon when
Soyeshima was minister; but better
things were expected of his successor,
lwakura, who was supposed to have
formed ministry of peace. His de-
cision to persue the war was brought
about by the discomfort of the old mil
itary party and the excitement produc-
ed by the late instruction it was con-
sldered necessary to give occupation to
the troops and to re-establish the
authority OF the government at home
by vision of glory abroad
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Effect of Shoes on Health.

Woodenshoes are highly recommends
ed by some of the scientific societies,
and in some instances by the govern
ments of Europe, it having been ascer-
tanned that not few diseases, result
ing in impaired constitutions and even
in the loss of life, have resulted from
the practice of wearing leather shoes in
wet weather. An experienced workman
of France was short time since called
to Germany to superintend the manu-
facture of wooden shoes oman extensive
scale in the latter country. These are
represented as being light and easy to
wear, and are provided with a small
cushion within the upper side, to OBJ
viate any pressure on that part of the
foot; they are also said to be Of neat
and pleasing appearance, blackened or
vanished, are made large enough to
accommodate comfortable stockings,
and are furnished with leather straps.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Cool Statistics.

A few years ago the use of ice was
hardly known in Paris, but now the
Parisians are in a fair way to emulate
even. the new Workers as to this article
Of consumption. There are in the
French capital about twenty Or twenty
five cafes, called of the /" first order. .
These use each about 1900 pounds of
ice every day. The second-rate cafes,
to the number of two hundred Or three
hundred, take 1000 pounds, and the
smaller fry of these Establishments use
400 pounds Of ice. In adding to that
consumption the quantity of ice taken
by the restaurants and private houses,
the figure of 100000 pounds represents
very nearly the whole daily consump-
ton of ice in Paris Some few cafes
manufacture their own article, through
special apparatuses, anda small amount
Of ice is drawn from Switzerland. But
the largest quantity comes from Den
mark, Sweden, and especially from the
Norwegian morasses Or ponds. The
schooners, laden with ice, land at Alb
berville, Dieppe, or Havre, whence
their cargo is shipped by rail to Paris.
Only few of these vessels go up the
Seine, to the very quays of Paris, be-
cause the river is too circuitous, and the
distance therefore too long from Havre
TO the French capital, independently OF
the many bridges under which the
masted schooners would have to pass,
especially up the river, between Rouen
and Paris.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
"A Carload.

Below we gives statement of what is
in nearly all localities regarded as car
load of transportation. As 9 general
rule, 20, 900 pounds or 70 barrels of salt,
70 Of lime, 70 offour, 60 of whiskey, 200
sacks Of foar, six cords of hard wood,
seven of soft wood, Is to 20 head of
cattle, soto 60head of hogs, 80 to 100
head OF sheep, 5000 feet of solid
boards 1000 feet of siding, $4,000
feet Of SCORING, 10000 shingles, one
half less Of hard lumber, one-fourth
less of green lumber, one-tenth of joists,
scantling, and all other large timber,
$40 bushels Of wheat, $50 of corn, $50
Of oats, 400 of barley, $50 Of fax seed,
$50 OF apples, 40 Of Irish potatoes,
/ 900 bushels of bran.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
The Formation of Diamonds.

Two specimens of diamonds found by
Agassiz imbedded in the itacolunlite or
elastic sandstone of Brazil settled the
long mooted question of the matrix or
natural origin of that jewel Diamonds
are particles OF pure carbon crystalized
at certain temperature, caused bv the
volcanic action which has upheaved all
the ledges OF ltacolumite or elastic sand
stone found on the face Of the globe.
If this precise degree of heat should by
any irruption or convulsion Of nature
be applied to those vast storehouses Of
carbon, the coal fields of the West.
there is no telling the amount of dia-
mond crystals that might be produced.
But 1t seems that this exact amount of
heat is never attained save in the tia
colum1te formation, and whenever loose
diamonds are found in sands or in CON
glomerate formation they prove the ex-
1stence OF larger quantities imbedded
IN ltacolumite liz the neighborhood.
Wherever that formation is up-
heaved, therefore we may look for dia-
mond deposits near. As vet no efforts
have been made to bore into the itacol-
unite formation itself for these gems.
But as 1t Is a granular silicious rock of
lamlnated structure distinguished by
It's peculiar fexibility, sheets Of it bend
ing back and forth as if jointed, there
IS no reason why it should not be work
ed to advantage in seal ching for dia-
monds: Lodges Of it are found in
Georgia, and North and South Carolina,
and diamonds Of great value have been
picked up in the first named state.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
How They Get a Horse Tn.

When horse falls down, fourteen
men put their hands in their pockets
and ask each other why they didn't do
something. Fifteen other men advise
the driver until he is half mad, and
two small boys stand by, with their
hands clasped, and an expression of de-
termination written on every lineament.
Then seven men ask why somebody
don't hold his head, until one old gen
tleman volunteers to hold it. He steps
forward calmly, bends over the pros
tfa5e animal and puts one hand gently
on MS ear. The horse, getting tired,
RAISES MS head suddenly, the crowd
laugh, and the old gentleman seems to
take no further interest in the proceed
ings: Then the horse. having had all
the fun he can have. rises ike >. tidal
wave, and the crowd disperseg.-F6rest
QraG Stream.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
THE MOUND-BUILbERs.
Relics Of the Prehistoric People 4
- America. ~
From the Louisville Commercial


~ From the Louisville Commercial
We have been permitted the perusa]
OF very interesting letter to r. 81.
Campbell, Esq, of the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi railroad, written by Prof. w.
w. Borden, from which we make some
extracts. The letter is dated Deputy,
Ind, oath July. Mr.. Borden says:
I "ln company with Mr.. James Powers
and Dr. Jordan, of Lexington, and Mr..
George Cannon, of New Albany, we
made an exploration Of what has been
supposed to be the work of the Indians.
Upon examination it proved to be
another of those remarkable works OF
the Mound Builders, known as Fortified
Mounds. This great work-the relic Of
the prehistoric race--is on an elevated
ridge, or backbone as it is called at
the water tank, short distance above
Deputy, and on the land of Mr.. Gilbert
Wiggam, in Jefferson county, Ind, i'm
mediately below the junction Of Ora
hams with Big Creek or Muscatatack.
The backbone in which this fort is stu
ated possesses many natural advantages
for work OF this kind. The western
stone wall commences on the summit OF
the almost perpendicular rocks, the
bluffs OF Big Greek, 100 feet or more
above that stream, and extends across
the neck of land $50 yards to the
equally precipitous bluff of what was
once the bed of Graham's Greek. This
wall is built of corn1ferous limestone,
10 to ID feet wide at the base, and rest.
ing on the black slate. The eastern
wall extends from bluff to bluff 40 yards
In length, and In it's present dilapitated
state is from Is to 20 feet in width. f.
y Near the eastern wall is fine look.
out mound, with large forest trees
growing upon it. From this mound
the landscape extends northward for {
miles, and along the valley of Graham
Greek, and up Big Creek toward the
east. This selection is one peculiar tc
mould builders, who were undoubtedly
worshipers of the sun. 'a@
The space inclosed is between four
and five acres, and within the Enclosure
is a cave, of which there are many in
the vicinity, and which undoubtedly
afforded water when necessity required
You will see by my imperfect de-
scription that the position of this fort il
precisely the same as the one described
in my exploration of last year, found il
Clark county, Ind, above the mouth O.
Fourteen Mile Creek, on the Ohio
river. t84 90
Mr.. Gilbert Wiggam, who resides
near the fort, told us that Implement
OF Indian origin were plenty in the
neighborhood, and short excursion b,
the boys resulted ia the finding of {
granite ak weighing, six pounds
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
Top-Dressine Grass Land.

The Massachusetts, Ploughman con-
siders fall the best time for top-dressing
grass lands, but thinks that If any one
has manure to spare, just as the grass
is starting into growth, it will not be
wasted if applied then, but that the
grass will grow up around it, giving ii
shade, keeping it moist, and preventing
loss by evaporation. It is now too late
to apply il for the first crop, but if fine
manure should be evenly spread over
the surface, as soon as the first crop is
removed, it would be great help to
the aftermath.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12
FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
The Waste of Cotton seed.

Mr.. Aiken, of South Carolina, says
that the loss by neglecting to save cot
ton seed is immense piles of the seed
ire allowed to decompose and waste at
every gin house, and yet the seed is a
aluable manure. For cultivating crops,
30 bushels of cotton seed in the drill.
or 50 bushels broadcast, to the acre,
viii increase the crop considerably.
Seed can be rotted by composing it in
3 ternate layers of leaves, straw and
sable manure; 100 bushels of green
cotton seed, mixed in bulk with a ton
of soluble phosphate and allowed to re-
main fortnight, will make capital
compost for 10 acres of any cultivated
crop.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1874-08-12

A CLERK in Winstead, who was asked
to write something in young lady s
autograph album, thought it would be
very fine to write a Latin sentiment
Not being acquainted, however, with
that language, he asked a student, who
suggested non con1pos maeatis. "What
does that mean ?" inquired the clerk,
with the autograph book in one hand
and ready pen in the other. "Ever
faithfully yours, . was the wicked re-
spouse. Down went the appropriate
quotation, and now the album is home
ward bound with it's fair owner.