New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-05-22
LIE EVENING SESSION.

At the evening session George Walker pre-
sided The proceedings we're opened by the reading of
brief paper finances by Prof George walker nav
ing referred to the interest taken In the matter o
finance at the present moment be said that the wal
gave the first great impetus to the Issue of bonds and
since then towns, cities, petty corporations and indiva
nails had initiated the action OF the Government. THIS
great issue OF obligations caused by the desire To
amass money speedily and this necessity FOR gathering
wealth rapidly the natural consequence oil the Dgh
rate of living INDUCED in by the people OF the country
The panic was one OF the results of this high rate OF
living Of the growth OF indebtedness, aud the absorp
ton of capital in but the recent action of
the President vetoing the Imitation bill he considered
as a great check toward settling matters Americans
drank the wine Of life not with temperate enjoyment,
but to drunkenness and he trusted they w0ld YET be
content with less.
SCHOOL HYGIENE.
paper was then read by Dr. D. F. Lincoln upon
"schoo Hygiene" l have been requested to present
the leading points in what is commonly called schooi
Hygiene, all circumstances affecting the heaith OF
scholars The Department OF Health has been paying
attention to this subject Of late and has got on so far as
TO have drawn up list Of - topics, which cover or
nearly the ground IN question VIII hIst redd
this list Of topics, ana then proceed to remark upon
l. Heating and Ventilation. Light und condition
of the scholars eyes. g. Seats land defornilies trace
able TO them 4. Architectural Plans, 3. apparatus
employ ed I'M Instruction. G. Gymnastlcs' :. Condluo9
Of Nervous system g. organ OF hearing; y Orsths %
Pelvic Cavity 10. Drinking Water. IL. sewage. Il;
Commissions for scientific Inspection OF given school
Areas 10 Project 81 ico Ia" ESTABLISHING INC 0'o VI
The air furnished for the use OF the schoorcom should
be heated before it IL brought into the room but should
contain sufficient moisture Good Ventilation must DC
expensive two reasOns-trst because when impure
alr is expelled we eApeI win u great deai o. m1,.
which absolutely thrown away; secondly because
adequate ventilation III crowded room luples u"i-
gerons amount of draft Of air The only remedy
is III placing fewer scholars IN one room, ana II
you do this rooms are necessary But tne expense
is good investment flt saves your children healaChes
ndigeslOn seepless ngsts, stess days, coughs, The
s is well Known from foreign sources that sciool
work is bad for scholars The bestknOwn oDscrya
town Of Brcslau He has. found that near
sehtedness increases proportonatey with The
advancement OF the pupils Ill their STUDIES.
PROF W. G. SUMNER on FINANCE.
report upon the hnancial question then read hy
Prof W. g. sumner. Atno time during the experience
of the Association said he have the questions which 1t
is the peculiar province OF the financial sections TO IN
vestirate occupied large share OF the public atten
ton possessed such great practical Importance as
they do today. Their Importance is arrested py the
fact that industry OF the country has been more or
less arrested for eight months waiting foT their s0u-
on The public interest IN them IS shown ny the multi
uGe of pamphlets, books, and articles treating them IN
way or another ms actlvty ana interest IN the
investigation OF hhancld questions Is III Hse cobsiu-
cred cause Of great rejoicing 10 the Association We
have obliged to pursue those subjects without the
incentive or pupic interest au we lcheu Tue en-
coura cement of general attention. our occupations
were pursued by lew IN o0scurity aud neglect oar
RI suits were received with indifference rdcu!e The
blow fallen, however and being recosnized as
Whatever may he the pet doctrines Of one another
H. cnesrips et issue imperatively demand a clear,
definite ana final solution. The public discussion,
0eed does yet promise mucn III the way OF such
solution Views, opinions doctrines schemes of the
Utmost diversity and of the most contradictory
nature are before tie paoLc . Iaere is as yet
~ ND There are no common grounds IN
fundamental doctrine The premises themselves are
is no agreement 10 the methods of investigation, the
nature or weight Of the pertinent arguments, the
soutce which we must LOOK Tor hght II follows of
necessity that the results are diverse 10 the last degree
Instead OF an orderly discussion we have therefore
something like the cutlery OF MOO each shouting
for himself and one listening 10 another la
point of view this IS discouragng enough but We can't
forget that ont OF TINS turmoil me popular education
must come. long we look at the empirical solution
the problems that erpex us SO long DO they ADMIT OF
divers and contradictory solutions, anu 50 loE 90 men
wraugle dispute about them without result 1t is
only when the and crlterions OF truth
Med and The scientific method OF ANALYSIS: comparison,
deduction, and generalization Is applied that We begin
10 advance with firm step, united purpose, mutual sup
port aud Understanding pr0grSs VINO Shall teIl tue
man has bought ana sold all his HE long that ms
%oD da ha Ia. d 5SHa G" VINO ehoeqf
convince a man of humanitarian sympathes tnat
tie measures he mas empoyeu' because at nIst blu'h
they seemed TO him adapted 10 cure the eva he
viii really defeat his purpose, only lead 70 stl
evsl Who shall speak to passionate man at the mo.
nent of resortng violence to enforce cool measures
The facts are open to al eyes Ilc means to the end
seem patent TO everybody. People are slow 10 under
stand things. They think OF hndnclcr not as VINO
had used natural laws Tor the attainment OF Tie required
object but one who can invent scheme TO accom-
pl;,h ANYTHING that hopes desired That there is
anything to ne rooted out by study and nvestiga
or understood Those who 50 assert are easily dismissed
theorists Those, then who 40 not looE on the prob
vent plan for convertible bond redemption or for
mixing up bonds and srecnbacks aud bank notes IN
some new way, and believe they have solved the prop
lem The greatest lnancier OF this theory is who
IGNORES AN statistical facts invcnts pr10ri theory
which should govern the MANAGEMENT OF the finances
of great nation. II man had 10 run locomotive.
suppose he would first understand the machine ana
run NJ in the proper way He would expect to make
by ringing the bell, ana would not believe lie in
proved 1t IN its working qualities by making 1t
complicated. If some men saw boys playing under a
dam which they were weakening by their operations,
they would interfere, because they would say that
Ignorance was bringing down loss OF life and ruin OF
property but they lay hands on the most delicate in
terest Of 40OOlO0 OF people without cOlnpancton On
the other hand, those who believe there financial
laws which imperative the laws If mechanics
consider 1t their chief business to fad out what
these are and when the laws are formed they
0ur existence IN this world We must obey them and
we can only hope for fiscal prosperity by obeyng them,
just We attain health only by obeJlng the laws OF
In looking at the actual circumstances of the country
will be expected that this report shall enter into
facts Tue general features OF that situation we'll
known to all Its character is such as TO cause the
methods and conditions OF national prosperity. Tue
for this be easily determined Tney lie in
compelled TO protest from year to year, and which
many OF bound to combat all proper occasions
very evil to which disordered currency gives rise
Tue decline of national and mercantile credit the dete
rOratIOn Of public morals. the contempt for patient in
dustry compared with smarness the increase OF
OF mddlemen, the love OF merericous display
all old and features in their purity OF fictitious
and inflated currency. These its moral social
effects which TO this Association must always be OF the
highest Importance.
But ITS financial effects no less disastrous. IL
belongs the operation the system that there should
sudden crises errac Developments heats and chils
the financial history Of the country. We expect
nothing but series OF them long as the system lasts
A community IN which one half preys upon the other
cannot prosper This brings 10 speak OF OF The
wider social aspects OF the subject. its bearing
upon the socialistc doctrines. Especially in n
period OF industrial stagnation when IA suspen-
sion OF credit has drawn "a great majority
OF the population INTO the debtor relation. such
doctrines gain II is true that they don't take
Ia