, 1874-04-11

tAoppob ucclated that tho natural BtAto OF
mankind WAS war Of all against all. Tho mon
asfous doctrine provoked no great diseont
Nopufsivo aB tho idea Is, II gathers aomo
strength BY roforonco to history. Tho career Of
many ruler can DO snmnod up by saying: Hc
waH born, ho fought, 10 dlod. Thoro was timo
not 30 very long ago. whom tho only profession
open to gentleman was that OF arms. Tho small
histories Of England average battle to every tuo
pages: Eyon now, when Europe Is supposed To
DO civilized and UhriBtiantzod, tho last tuonty
years have boon largely occupied with fighting.
In 1864, tho Alloa Powers grapp1od with Russia.
In 1868 aud 1850, Napoleon WIS fighting battles
and building triumphal arohos In Northern italy.
In 1861, Victor Emmanuel began hia scquisi-
tfons, which endod In 1870 with tho capture OF
Rome. Ii 1864, Austria and Prussia aoized
schleswig- -Holasoin. In 1866. tho two robbor-
Powers quarrelod aud fought over their prey.
In 1854, tho Frcnch attacked h1cxtco.
In 1868, Queen Isabella WAS expelled from
Spain, and tho hida1gos began tho serioa OF
rovolta which has now endod in anarchy.
In 1870, France and Germany fought. Then
tho Commune kopt tho bail tolling,-or Shoot
Ing. Within tho Inst few month";: Russia has
been warning in Khva, Holland in Atoheon, and
England in AaLantoo. Tn this side Of tho
wator. Cuba and Mexico hare boen in chronic
rovolt. So have tho South American Republics,
savo uhon they wero fighting each other or
Spain. Wo have had our four-yoara' DEATH
struggle between North and South. Tho future
promiaes to bo no better than the past. Tho
standing armies Of Europe number 2,999,-
GOO mon. Their nominal annual cost is, In
cash. e459, 1885,, ,784, aud thoir actual coat, whon
duo allowance Is made for tho loss Of productive
industry, is probably a thousand millions moro.
Tho noxt war ia only question Of time, and .
question that may bo worry speedily answered.
Arbitration proposes to do away with all this
trghtful waHto Of blood aud money. It has won
two three notablo victories recently, but 1t Is
nowhere near It's goal. Tho world will uevor
atop fighting until 1t pays 1t bottor to .keep tho
peace. its different nations must DO bound to-
gothor By network Of interests, tho braal:ing Of
gain by war could balance. Thon, aud not till
thon, will tho giant barbarian bo forgotten.
Great Britain is tho most peaceful nation in tho
world, because sho is tho most commercial. Sho
cannot afford to fight. Her troops are used only
to conquer petty chiofta1ns who hnrass British
trade. This network Of intoresls, which Is tho
siso qua non to tho abandonment Of war, can bo
found only through FREQ Trade. Tho theory OF
Protection Ia to separate countries, to build
d barrier around each which shall keop
out, rs far as may be, the products
Of the others. Froe Trado, on the
other hand, binds two states togethet
by making thom mutually dopendont. The
glamour Of tho word independent" should no.
lead Us astray. There is certain pleasure il
imagining country which produces everything
1t needs itself, but why should mechanic, whs
could buy an English suit with three days labor
be forced by law to give d wook's work for 1t, il
order that America may manufacture clothing
Make trade free, and 1t will weave around til,
world, as it has around the States Of thi
country, network Of irou-raila and telegraph.
wircs which will bind communities together will
bond tho sword cannot cut. Thon wo shal
hnye poaco On earth. Then higle-court Of ar
bitration will aott1o tho questions mooted bo
tweon nations. Free Trade aud Pcace arc, iu
great degree, cause and effect.