Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1874-04-23
EDUCATIONAL COLUMN.
Edited and Conducted by
IT, F. LANGENBA UGH.
cONNECTfcUT.

OF IuDilc Instruction. i ne stare Board
of Education is composed of the Governor
and Lieutenant Governor, er otfciO, and
four elective members chosen by the Leg
islature, one each year TO serve for four
years Township Superintendents One
or more for each town, called Acting
School Visitors, elected by the Township
Boards of Visitors), who receive So per
day for the time actually spent in the per-
formance of their duties. The Township
Boards of Visitors consist of 8 or Q mem
bers, elected by the people. The School
Fund consists of bank stock, State bonds,
and of contracts, bonds and mortgages on
real estate; is invested under Commits
sioner and two assistants the income is
distributed to the towns in proportion to
the number of children between four and
sixteen years old Teachers are examined
by Township Boards of Visitors, who
grant certificates valid in any district of
the town so long as desired, or limited to
one district and one term and are en-
ployed by District Committees. The age
of pupils is from to 16 years; the educa
ton of tho sc from to ii is required 10y
law. With one or two exceptions, boys
and girls attend school together. The
Uniformity of ftext books extends only to
townships. Books can not be changed
oftener than once in five years. The
Branches taught are reading, writing,
arithmetic, grammar, and the rudiments
of geography and history. Length of
schools In every district containing "a
pupils, at least 30 weeks; and in every
one containing less than "a, at least 2i
weeks. Children under IA can not be
employed in manufacturing establish
ments, or other business unless they at
tend school three months a year; and
parents and guardians are Obliged to en-
force attendance on school when the EN-
ployees are temporarily discharged for
that purpose. The Board of Education
is authorized to hold conventions of
teachers, at convenient places, for the
purpose of instruction in the best modes
of administering, governing, and teaching
common schools.
Our christian era dates from the time
when Christ was born; but was not in.
trOduced as basis o. reckoning until the
sixth century. Some chronologists reck-
on the year before the birth of Christ.
whilst others compute from the actual
year our Saviour was born. The Romans
adopted the year and even the day, which
history assigns as the foundation of Rome.
A change was effected in the calender by
the two first Caesars, which was afterward
slightly altered. and still forms the stand
ard for computing the length and divisions
of the year. The Olimpiads, or Greek
mode, depended on chronological groups,
each four years in length, aud which be-
gan in commemoration of an event con-
nectea with the Olympic games. The
MahOmmedan era dates from the flight of
Mahomed to Medina and is known as
the Hegira, or flight The creation OF
the world has been adopted as the COM
mencement of a universal era but author
tiles do not agree as to the number of
years which elapsed between that event
and the birth of Christ, there being no
less than l4O different computations of
this interval.
The area of London is 800 square miles
the total population is 4,025, ,659; the total
length of streets and roads patrolled by
the Metropolitan Police, is 6,6l2 miles
and the addition or increase in the length
of streets during the past ten years is
1898 miles; the strength of the police is
1919.
The man who earns with honest labor
The daily bread his nature needs,
Is not 'beneath" his lordly neighbor
The golden spoon of fortune feeds
The human heart beats like a tabor,
When good life is crowned with deeds.
The recent discovery of what are sup
posed to be the site of the Temple o
Diana, at Ephesus, is subject of con
gratulations among psychologists. Il
will be remembered that this famous
shrine in Asia Minor was classed by the
ancients among the seven wonders of the
world. A fragment of one of the on,
hundred and twenty seven carved col
umns which adorned the building ha,
been sent to the British museum by MFR
Wood, who is In charge Of the excavations
1t was dug from depth of twenty. three
feet, and is ornamented with five hand.
some figures. all somewhat defaced, buI
two of which are distinguished as repre-
resenting Mercury and Victory,
| Students ofanthropology, or the scienc
of man, must regard with much regret th
rapid disappearance. as well as the civi
lization or standardization of MANY o
the more savage races of the globe. iuas
much as we are thus deprived Of the lieh
which study of their pecullarities woul,
throw upon the life of prehistoric mar
The Tasmanians, or native inhabitants a
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