The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1874-10-01

me last point TO mention is the system
" examinations, which practically gov
,rns our whole scholastic procedure, we
require some scientific principle TO decide
what is the right system Of examination,
whether it shall test memory or intell-
renee. the knowledge Of words or OF
IDEAS, of rules or principles underlying
lhose rules. Since an examination is
now the inevitable portal TO every pro-
career, Il is not too much to say
that the results of its tests and rewards
will be the only ones aimed at It Is not
exnected of schOolmasters and mistresses
and mothers of families that they should |
master this vast range of knowledge or /
be ready with answers to all these qnes-
tions. What is wanted Is that they, ike |
our practical navigators, should be fur-
nished with the principles Of science
thew have not had to discover for them
selves. and with charts to guide their
general course, leaving 10 their indiyld-
nal acumen the adaptations and m0dln-
cations required by special circumstances.
We have such knowledge TO guide us In
improyinQ our breeds of cattle and our
crops must we remain without 1t in the
infinitely more important business OF I'M
proving our human crop-Of getting out
Of our human soil all that can be made
10 WELD for social and individual good?
Must every tyro still be allowed to try
experiments, not IN cOrpOre Vii, but IN
the most delicate and precious of mate
rials-the human body and mind; on
the most powerful of all forces-human
passions and the human will expert
ments in which success or failure means
virtue or vice, happiness or misery, lives
worthy or unworthy, sowing with every
action a seed of good or i'll, to reproduce
itself in an endless series beyond all hu-
man ken? 49,.
Mrs. Grey verified and substantated
her charges against the present want OF
system by reference to theseveral reports
of the Royal Commissioners on Public
Schools, and to various other expressions
of opinion from various high authorities
on the matter.
In the section of MeteOrology yester-
day, Mr.. ]. Glaisher in report from the
Committee on Luminous MeteOrs, deliv-
cred observations ON star showers and
meteoric appearances, and said:
Much trouble had been taken by Pro-
fessor Herschel, by a comparison OF radl-
ant points, in tracing the connection be-
tween meteor showers and past comets
Professor Herschel said that most val
liable catalogue of meteors had been pre-
pared by Captain Tupman, an able as
tronomer, after two years of careful OBJ
seryations on board his shipin the Medi-
terranean. Captain Tupman had charge
of one of the transit of Venus expedl-
tions to the East, and his catalogue in
cluded no fewer than l02 radiant points.
1t now seemed to be established that the
historical meaning Of shooting stars was
that they were of the same origin as
comets-at least of a similarly distant ex-
traction leading us to look for coinci-
dences such as had actually 10 some ex-
tent been traced; but observations re-
quired yet 10 be more numerously and
Systematically conducted. He had not
heard that any aerolites had fallen dur
ing the year in this country. The largest
fireball observed in Europe during the
year was one which followed path over
Austria, and burst with an audible ex-
plosion. 1t had long course, and was,
when first observed, eighty-eight miles
in height. It's explosion might have de-
posted something. Inquiries were made,
and the country people declared that a
mass of burning sulphur had been found.
1t was not altogether inconceivable that
ignited sulphur might reach the earth
from the upper parts OF the atmosphere,
and reach the ground still burning; but
If so, this was one Of the first cases OF
pure sulphur in the elementary form oc-
curing as an aerolite substance.
Professor Maxwell, clerk of the sec
tion, in moving vote of thanks to the
committee, acknowledged his total igno-
rance of shooting stars, and recommend
ed similar inquirers TO seek information
in the book OF Captain Tupman, a name
associated with certain sporting adVen-
lures in "Pickwickp who would teach
them first how TO shoot their star and
then how to hunt their radiant points.
In the Physical Science section, under
the direction of Professor Jellett, the day
was occupied in reply by Professor }
Deverett, from the committee appointed
to ascertain the rate at which the tenn
perature of the earth increases with
depth Most of the observations have
been made with self-registering ther
mometers, protected from pressure II
the borings by being each inClosed in al
Theoretically sealed glass tube. Tht
average result thus far is that the tenn
perature increased at the rate Of deg
Fahrenheit in every fifty feet or sixty
feet in depth, but in one or two instance
in different countries considerable!
slower rate was obtained.
To-day the exercises of the meetinI
came to an end in public meeting at
pm. The morning however, was occu
pied with strictly scientific business, thre
sections meeting. In the Department O
Statistics, Rev. w. Caine, formerly @
the County Jail at Stafford, at presen
rector of Denton, Manchester, read o.
"The Increase Of Drunkenness Anon
T the Working Glasses, and the cause
It," The following is summary of tn
! paper
The quantity of spirits consumed
: the United Kingdom in 1872 was 26,S72
1888 gallons, or 2,708539 gallons NOR
A than in 1911 but 1873 showed again
/ large increase on the preceding year, fC
last year we consumed of home spirit
0 28,8O8,5O1 gallons; foreign spirits, 10
i 22S, ,7O9; wine, 1897 ,l04; total, 81, ,l59
a 3l4 gallons; and this was in addition
4 l,O78,S4,9 ,942 gallons Of beer and abol
h 1896, 800 gallons of British wine, eide
4 &c. The commitals for drunkenne
d were !. 1859, men, ,S25; women, $40; =
e tai, 1904. 1870, men, 1888; women, 50
!, total, 1892. 1871, men, 1903; wome
h 729; total, 1882. 1872, men, 1900; "
/. men, S44; total, 2,744. lS7S, men. 2,N
/ women, i.l13; total, 5000, Thus in OF
d iail the committals for drunkenness hi
/ in FIVE years increased so per cent, al
Z, this in spite of all efforts after imlproy
~ u.aI educational and rpliOinI