davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
OCTO BIER 7, 1873.

w " ID Il ~ lc|o.
With the old advantages of o sound Classical and
Commercial Education, the Directors Of the College
now offer to their patrons the additional advan
superior tho former College in point of ventilation
| arrangement and Accommodation.
Tho Professors being members of a Society which
for three hundred years has devoted itself to the
vantage long traditional experience The Education
they profess to gveis based upon religion and Morality
pupils with useful knowledge but also to nsti into
for the duties they will discharge In aftere
The Plan Of Instruction consists Of three principal
mercial The Preparatory course lasts oNE year and
g h %
The CLASSICAL Course lasts Six years, and en-;
si at the Ra
give proofs of the requisite knowledge in the
Si 5Ssy 1n Mental aud Nasara PHILOSOPHY Ghonsry
to the Of ar b. Of arc
The Degree Of Master Of Arts a. NJ is awarded to
ply and sciences in the College or who passed
IN the Of &%ssE YEAR, and
embraces all the branches usually Taught in Commercial
@ and ySs OF the CLASSICAL The
Students attend lectures in Natural Philosophy and
The age Of admission is from nine to fifteen years
and be admitted one must previously know how to
TERMS PER
Entrance Fee first year only.---....-....-.eI IS 90
Board, Tuition and Washing pay able haifyoarly,
Medical Fees ..,-..---..--.....--..--.-- I+S9
Bed ana ~ w
Circulars can be obtained by addressing the
PRESIDENT OF SP2IRG HILL COLLEGE,
Near Mobile. Ala
THE JESUIT FATHERS
Corner Baron ne and Common streets. New OreaS
p POURSIEE, College A gent,
au1U73ly $40 Ciravier street. Now Orleans.
pASS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE,
MISSISSIPPI
The Halls OF this Institution open young men
desirous Of pursuing thorough Commercial, Scientific
or Classical Course Of Studies.
Terms. per annuuar $500.
Ocas1y BRO. IEoNIDIAE, President
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

THE FRUGAL SwIss.-Many persons will
learn with some astonishment that intern
perance is as great scourge in Switzerland
as ia many other countries. The Swiss are
not great smokers, and the quality of their
indulgence of the habit, but the consump-
tion of wine in the play ground of Europe,
and the consequent drunkenness, are said
to be enormous. NJ. Merille de Collville,
corresponding member of the French Tenn
perance Society, asserts on information de-
rived from a medical man in Jura, that the
majority of the male population of Swift
zerland die before they have attained their
fftieth year from the effects of drunken
ness. Statistical returns show that the
average consumption per head of the Swiss
is 60 litres per annum of wine only, without
taking into consideration the cider, beer,
and other fermented and distilled liquors
which they are in the habit of drinking
London Medical Record.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
Kow the cyprians Destroy Iocusts wholesale.

Before becoming a full grown grasshop-
per, seys the Asademy, the cricket begins
it's wandering about month after it is
Matched, and continues them for an average
period of twenty seven days, and it is in
this state that the attack has to be made.
The crickets march in compact masses, and
never swerve from line of route on which
they have once started. The Cyprians take
a band of silk from 65 to 20 centimetres
high, and 100 metres long, which they tie
vertically to poles firmly fixed in the
ground the upper part of the silk is waxed
or bordered with oiled silk to width of
about 10 centimetres, and the earth is
heaped up under it SO as to leave no crevice
between the silk and the ground. A second
band is then set up, so as to form a sort of
gallery of gradually dimi nishing width at
the mouth it ia IA little wider than the
column of crickets, lille the space between
the two walls at the other end is only
metres. At the further end is trench 5
meters long, II wide, and l deep. This
trap is called System" and several
aystems each 100 metres in length can be
placed end to end, and transported to any
point threatened by tie invaders When
the column of crickets has once entered the
gallery, all that has to be done is to wait
till it reaches the trench, aud when the
trench is full it is covered in with earth,
and nothing moie is seen of the grass
hoppers. The cricket has no wings to fly
over the wall of silk, AID if it climb up to
the waxed edge, it slips back and falls to
the ground.~~On arriving at tie fatal trench
it finds the edges lined with treacherous
plates of zinc, on which it has no foothold,
and it falls at once to the bottom. In 1868,
1 100 of these systems were used with effect
in Cyprus, representing a mass of more
than 1000 cubic metres of Srasshoppers,
and it is calculated that l 100 900 grass
hoppers were SO destroyed. The peasants
also had to bring in to the authorities a
tribute of 81 kilogrammes of eggs apiece.
If this system is energetically adopted in
Algeria, the future prospect of the grass
hopper cannot be said to be reassuring.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
EDUCATIONAL.
;HARITY HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE
OF NEW ORLEANS.
SESSION OF 1s74-'75.

SESSION OF 1s74-'75.
FACULTY.
D. WARREN BRICKELL, NJ. D.,
Professor OF Obstetrics and Diseases of Women.
SAML chopin, NJ. D.,
Professor of Principles Surgery Clinical Surgery
NJ: SCHUPPERT. NJ. d,
Professor OF Operative and OrthopSdie Surgery.
c. BEARD, NJ D.,
Professor of ophthalmio and Aural Surgery.
j. DICKSON BRUINS, N. D..
professor OF Theory and Practice of Medicine.
S. o SCRUGGS, NJ. D..
Professor OF Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine.
W. 81. FORD NJ
Professor of Normal and Morbid Experimental Physi.
ology and Clinical Medicine.
H D. SCHMIDT M d.
Professor of Histology and Pathological Anatomy.
A. W. PERRY, NJ. D.,
Professor of Medical Chemistry.
+. LRBER, NJ. d.
Professor of Descriptive Anatomy.
Professor of Surgical Anatomy.
ADJUNoTS:
G. H. TEBAULT, NJ. D., )
Adjunct to Chair of and Lecturer Diseases
of Children.
j. j. CASTELLAN0S NJ. d.
Adjunct to the Chair of Clinical Surgery.
L. f. SALOMAN, NJ. D.,
Adjunct to the Chair OF Operative Surgery.
C. F. KNOBLAUCH NJ. D.
Adjunct to Chair of Pathological Anatomy.
W. R. VAUDEVILLE. NJ. D.,
Adjunct to Chair of Anatomy
The regular session will begin on the fret Monday In
November, and continue until the first Monday in
March Preliminary Lectures will be delivered fort
night in advance of regular session.
TERMS:
Entire Course intending Matriculation ...si00 90
Fees payable in advance.
For further information apply to
P. o. Box 1873. jy5 I'm
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
ST. MARY'S DOMINICAN ACADEMY,
GREENvILLE, LOUISIANA.

This Institution offers peculiar advantages to young
ladies who wish to receive solid and useful education
1t is situated about live miles from New Orleans
the Carrollton Road in one of tho most healthy
tious of the State.
The Academic Year commences the First Monday
in September and terminates the last day of June
It includes two Sessions of five months each.
Pupils entered during Session will BIO char ged only
for such portion of 1t may remain. No reduction
will DO made for those who may be withdrawn before
the expiration of the Session. unless in of slck
The Institution at Dryades street will be prepared
receive limited number Of boarders and after the
LIST of October.
Address. for particulars Superoress ST. Mary's Do
minican Convent, or Pastor of st. John the Baptist
Church. au24 70 ly
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

This surprising majority has somewhat dis
concerted the Radicals, who are beginning to
open their eyes to the fact that they do not
represent all Switzerland, as they have wished
the world to believe. Their anger at their de-
in the streets, in which cries of " Down with
the Pope" were very loud and energetic, but
which were soon slenced by the counter cry
of " Live Plus TX" Fortunately, public peace
was soon restored.-Cdtholic ReuietC.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
HOUSE PAINTING.

The season is Mt hand for Painting and Decorating
the interior, also tho exterior. OF Houses, Stores
Churches other buildings II plain tai
styles, suit all thu various tastes and fashions.
The undersigned informs all :rties in need of the
above kinds of Painting well of Kasominng and
Cooring, Painting Walls in Oil or Fresco, that
short notice he able all any order that he may be
favored with.
He Furthermore wishes to impress the minds of all
favoring him With their patronage that the materials
be all specially selected and the very bes
quality and that the shall all cases be per
formed according he employ ing
but the most skilled workmen in the city.
For further information call at shop address
me per postal card JOHN ROBINSON,
HOuse PAinter-a speciality,
AUG Iy Corner of Johnson and Benville streets.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
CT. MARY-J RSoN COLLEGE
PARISH OF ST. JAMES, La,

Ct. MARY-J RsoN COLLEGE
PARISH OF ST. JAMES, La,
Situated the Mississippi River. Sixty Miles abovs
New Orleans.
This ancient and magnificent establishment, incor
porated by law of the Legislature, empowered
grant diplomas and degrees, will be opened TUES
DAY, October 9th 1874 1t is under the direction
Of the Maris Fathers who form q society specially de
voted to education College Point and Convent Landing
convenient and regular places
going to and returning from New Orleans.
Payable In q. S. currency half yearly in advance:
Board, tuition, washing and stationery per term Of
Doctors fees and medicine, in ordinary of ILL.,
ness tfof am per anhum. 10
Entrance fee to be paid only Observation-Disclosures.
N BAH music lessons are to DO paid for monthly
in advance.
REFERENCES:
His Grace the Most Rev. Archbishop of Now Orleans
The Rev. Clergy of Algiers
For further details, apply to the Rev. President st
the College.
MIR. P. POURSINE,
ocl9 70 ly No. i40 Gravier street. New 0rleans.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
ITEM OF IMPORTANCE TO PARENTS AN
L GUARDIANS.
ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION
MOUNT DE CHANTAL,
NEAR WHEELING, W. VA.
GREAT REDUCTION OF TERMS.
TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS.

ITO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS.
The season for making inquiries and selecting a
school for your daughters and wards is approaching
Should you desire for them rst-olass Academy, in
which quite moderate rates. be secured thorough
English aud French course, combined with eztraordin
airy advantages in music fail not to investigate the
claims of the Mount de Chantal Visitation Academy,
Wheeling, West Virginia. Not only for its
education advantages is this Academy unsurpassed,
for tho beauty Of surrounding scenery Its pure
mouu tain air and extensive recreation grounds.
The highest testimonials can be procured in almost
any part of this country already this excellent
sttution is luna Mater of of the gifted
and accom- plished OF our American ladies'.
ANNUM;
Including Board aud Tuition in the entire English
and Frencu course, bed and bedding washing
and mendipg, lights and fuel, stationery and doc
tors fee $500
Lessons on the Piano 4S
Even more favorable terms may be made when two
sisters simultaneously attend the Academy.
For further particulars apply by mail to the Direct
ress of Mount de Chantal Academy the Visitation,
near Wheeling, West Virginia.
- References. by Special Agreement -
Gen Sherman, U. - Army. and lady, Washington, D. G.
Admiral David ID. Porter, u S. Washington, u. G..
Gen. s. L. Sturges. U. s. Army.
Gen George SS kes Y. s. ArmS.---
Gen N. Palmer, q. Army.
Gen. L +. Graham u. s. Army.
Brig. Gen. w. N. Graham, U. B. Army.
Mrs Admiral Dahlgren. Washington, D. c. jale "a ly
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

his companions shouting, THE bear the
bear !, It took him some time to realize
exactly how matters stood, and that he was
more frightened than hurt.
"And now, children, TO your lessons
three stories are surely enough for one
night"
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

The influential men of a province, city,
village, or hamlet will have to answer,
not only for their own souls, but for great
number of other souls.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
COLLEGE,
COLLEGE
M NJ A c U LATE INCEPTION,
Corner of Common and Bar onne streets
NEW ORLEANS,

This Literary Institution Incorporated by the statso
Louisiana, and empowered to confer degrees Ia con
Quoted by the Fathers Of the Society The build
ings are we'll adapted for educational purposes a
80 that from the arrival of the pups at
secluded and superintendent.
The Course Of Instruction Is threefod Preparatory
Commercial and Classical.
The Preparatory Conrse is for beginners.
The Commercial Course Is for those suden who do
not wish to learn Latin and Greek.
Tho Classical Course is for those who desire have
complete education.
French Is taught in the three courses.
Students are not admitted, unless they know how to
read and write.
The moral and religious training Of the studentsis the
leading objects of the nstFscto
Every month o report is cent parents stating con-
duct progress, rank in class and attendance.
Tho academical year begins the first of October
and closes towards the end of July.
TERMS:
Collegiate Course, payable in advance In United
States currency, two months, $40.
Preparatory Course. SIS.
apr 7lv REV r. GAUTRELET. President.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
EDUCATIONAL.
A CADEMY OF THE VISITATION OF THE
BLESSED VIRGIN MARY,
NASHVILLE MASON COUNTY. Ky

during the follow ing year is located in the beau
river and surrounding country The situation is
healthy and has many advantages the building large
and commodious possessing all the modern conve
niences E"uods attached afford ample space
for the recreation ut the pupils.
The academic year commences on the First Monday
in September and ends he last day OF June
Board and Tuition per annum, including Washing,
Music. Drawing Painting Dancing aud the Languages
form extra charges
For further particulars address
DIRECTRESS OF VISITATION ACADEMY,
Maysville, Mason County, KY.
Deductions are made from the above terms when two
or more enter from the same fGmlly aug 2m
ITRSULINE ACADEMY,
GALVESTON, TEXAS.
This Institution. founded in 1877 and we'll
known the State of Texas, will its Scholastic
Exercises on the FIRST OF SEPTEMBER.
PRICES IN PAYABLE IN ADVANCE:
Entrance fee tonly for the first year).--..--S5 90
For Board, Washing. Tuition, Stationery and In
Urinary expenses (per month";. 20 90
For further particulars address
MOTHER SUPERIOR
aua 2m Ursuline Convent Galveston, Texas
ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY.
The Forty.ath Annual Session of studies in the
ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY will begin
Monday, September 9TH, 1874.
For Prospectus giving terms instructions pareu
etc., etc, apply to Or address
REV. JOS. Ct. ZEALAND,
President ST. Louis University,
iy26 3m st. Louis, Mo-
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

When any one speaks i'll to me of Gods
ministers, l will remember all that they
have done for me. This argument is en-
Ough for me it is at once sweet, simple,
and eRsy.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
VILLANOVA COLLEGE,
DELAWARE COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA.

This Institution chartered with University priv.
leges is under the charge of the Augustniau Fathers
and offers superior advantages students who desire
AXE thorough Classical, Scientific or Commercial
course. 1t is situated on tho Pennsylvania Contra
Railroad, eleven miles from Philadelphia railroad
Station and Postofice on the College grounds.
TERMS
Per session of five months lin advancs)
For particulars, send for q catalogue
VERY REV. 7. GALBERRY,
jyaoDIy President.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

The Swiss Catholics seem to be waking up.
On July 5th the Inhabitants of the Jura were
called upon to choose candidates for the vaFi-
ous prefectures and tribunals of their Canton.
The list of voters stands as follows:
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
SPRING HILL COLLEGE.

This long established Institution favoraby know
to the people OF tho South, will enter its Forty
fourth Scholastic year
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
EDUCATIONAL.
MOUNT ST. MARYS COLLEGE,
EMMITTsBURG, FREDERICK COUNTY, MD.

To meet the wants of students Of all Rrades tho
College embraces three Departments viz: the Col
legiate. Preparatory and Junior.
year.
Studies will be resumed on WEDNESDAY, septem-
Catalogues containing full particulars will be sent on
80 REV. JOHN MccLosKEY, A. NJ.
JyIs sm President.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
GIANT VINCENT'S COLLEGE,
CAPE GiRARDEAu. Missouri.

This Institution, conducted by tho Priests Of the
gregation of the Mission OF st. Vincent of Paul, 10
beautifully located the Mississippi river forty miles
above Cairo, and hundred and fifty miles below St.
Louis.
The College buildings large, commodious and vol
ventilated. The grounds beautiful extensive and
well adapted for beautiful exercise.
The College Is of easy Regular daily packets
touch at Cape Girardeau.
The scholastic year begins the FIRST MONDAY
OF SEPTEMBER, and ends about the first of July.
TERMS
Board and Tuition, per scholastic year.
Washing, and mending of articles washed Is
Physicians Fee and Medicines 10
instrumental Music 20
For further information apply to
Rev. A. VERTNA, C, NJ,
President of the College
Or to Rev. THOS. J. SMITH, q. II,
st. Josephs Church. New Orleans
Mr.. JOSEPH mitchell, Cashier Of the Mutual
National Bank No. i0s Canal street, Now Orleans 10
hereby authorized to receive and give receipt any
moneys which may be paid to him for account Of the
above Institution
A. vERINA, G: NJ, President.
New Orleans. 'n~ust 3. 1872. SGT 10 ly
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

T LINCOLN
REMOVES ALL KINDS OF BUILDINGS,
-Ofiee, IIg Robin street.
All Communications should be addressed Box 100,
Mechanics and Traders Exchange corner St Charles
and Gravier streets Now Orleans.
Country orders promptly attended TO- mhs T4ly
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16
Vt. STANISLAUS COMMERCIAL COLLEGE
BAY ST. LOUIS MISSISSIPPI

ct. STANISLAUS COMMERCIAL COLLEGE
BAY ST. LOUIS, MISSISSIPPI.
This institution chartered by the State Legislature.
and conducted by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart
has been in successful operation since 1855 Beautifully
situated the shores of the Bay commanding extern
sve view of the Gulf and aording all the advantages
of the breeze and bathing the Summer SPLEEN.
did location is great Indictment heahful
and amusement for the pupils. The Commercial Course
comprises all the breaches of good English education
TERMS
Board and Tuition, per session, payable half yearly
advance $3.50 90
Washing per ssson- 10 90
Bedding, per session. Optional. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 10 90
Doctors Fees OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. CD
Vacation, if spent at the institution 50 90
EXTRA CHANCES:
Piano and Violin, per month, e1ch.. 90
Use of Piano, per month -. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 1 so
Flute, per month Observation-Disclosures. 90
Brass Instrument per month 80. 90
Spanish and German languages, month, each. 90
For further particulars, apply to
BRO. FLORIMOND,
ap26 '74Iv Director of the College.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

q DILLON.
CARPENTER AND BUILDER,
s3i Carondslet street, Box 1856 Mechanics Exchange
New Orleans.
JObbing promptly attended to. ocI2 70 Iy
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1874-08-16

The above sent By mail only on receipt Of the price
All books sent by OF the purchaser.
THE CATHOLIC WORLD,
Monthly Magazine Of General Literature Science
Five Dollars Year, in Advance.
THE YOUNG CATHOLIC,
An Illustrated Paper for Boys and GirIS.
Is copies one year .--...--..---'---.-.-.. "
50 COPIES year 10 90
100 copies one 80 %
THE CATHOLIC PUBLICATION SOCIETY.
LAWRENCE KEHoE.
General Agent, 9 Warren Street, N. Y.
p. O. Eox 1896.
IN" Send for our new Classified Catalogue OfAmsfi.
can and English Books.
c. D. ELDER,
f.ls iSs@ 1 Sri Ss1s'' La
, 1874-12-13

tenor haa been p1aying star engagements
throughout Germany, and has made arraDge-
ments to go to tho United States to sing either
dnr1ng the coming spring, Or. az is moro proba-
is said to hs q second Wachtel in power and
beauty OF voice. and in dramatic talent he also
strongly resembles him personally, but is much
younger man.
EA0sER, HIS WIFE ASD HIS woaK.
The Munich correspondent OF tho Cincinnati
Gazette wrltes the following interesting details
concerning Richard Wagner:
Wagner In the course Of the wintsr ia going to give
IN connection with Liszt series Of concerts in III
IN Bayreuth. For tue first tina there will appeaf
some selections from tho third part of the Nebe!un-
gen Trilogie," tho notwithstanding" !" on which
Tho composer IL now 1t work.
It s said In WaneTs life there Is but one thing thst
especially strange, aud that Ia his wife, Kosi,na
one thing nas hos1na in common With Madame ssael,
ugness With this she possesses also wreschcd taste,
aud appears In green dress uaI makes her dreadful
compilation only the moro apparent. ahe bold. tia
SSep.ss o. TIC house in her own hand nerestheess
Wants to mako Goethe OF him, and he must always
10 tn an attitude a. though there photographer
STEAD there ts only Sermon from Frsu Kosi.a, But
must confess Wagner ta vary happy under tbs
clipper. His vito is great intriguer, and woe to
them who do not find favor In her eyes.
Wagner works iodustrioasly all d.y. In tho
evening ho takes his exercise. and while in
Lucerne rowed hirasolf out on the lake for two
hours alone, and then went into his nook on the
shore, wherc tent Has erected for bathing pur-
poses; thence he swan into the water accom-
panied by his faithful dog. He is almost ready
with tho Instrumentation of tho last act OF tue
:. .doetterdaommerung." tie close Of which is
the mort colossal that the great mastor has
created. Thore viii bo Joy in the house after he
writes Finis and lays array his pen.
He receives offarB from every direction Of
slngors and musicians. German farmer in
America, in the far Vest oilers to Heud
daughter with q fine voice TO fill the character
Of ops Of the Rhein madcheus in Rheinsold !;
she is but II ye.Es now. but in two years,
when tho piece is brought out, sho will Just DO
the proper age. Wagner wishes all hia singers
to be large, and has been 80 fortunate in his se-
1ections thus far that Eiomann and Betsy are the
smallest. .Sieafried is to bo personated by tho
singer Glstz, and B,n,ahiide BY Frau Materna,
both OF enormous size.
For the two giants Hasner and Fdsou, there
hayo been found, after long search, two rnsn Of
ilnmonBo stnturo in Dantzlo 30 large thAt King
Frederick William could not hayo wished for
botter examples. Tho tmo G feot 2 inches men
are unfortunate enough to bo lean aud thin, 'sbut
We Will pad them, ne will stuff thenl," Wagner
says, joyfully. In BaJTeusi1. where it is we'll
knoTn Wagner wants large singers, i. has become
by-*ord to say. when tall person ia seen on
the etreet, ''That is Siebelungsn." Wagneris
regarded in tho dull old torn as sort oi domi-
god, and we'll he deaerves to be, for lie has
brought activity and vitality into IT'D former Silent
streets.