davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24
Mr.. John swinton propouud, a number of

Mr.. John swinton propounds q number Of
very silly conundrums in yesterdays Tribune as
to the right of the New York police TO dispense
a mob of mischief making foreign loafers, who
openly proposed the other day to march down
TO the city hall behind the red flag of COM
munism-the recognized symbol every where of
lawlessness and destruction-andd demand bread
at the hands of the authorities, or have their
blood in case they failed OF declined to pass it
around in lots to suit. Most people would sup
pose that one of the prime duties of the police
force is to preserve the public peace; and the
way to do this most efiectually is to prevent
riot instead of trying to quell it after it is well
under way. But this idea does not seem to have
got through the scalp of Mir. Swinton, who pro-
fesses TO see something wonderfully heroic in
the motley sssemblage which chose rompkins
square as its rsllying point for an organized
raid on life and property. 1t is to be observed,
however, that Mr.. Swipton admits that he
preached the place just after It had been
cleared" He didn't take any of the risks of
being on hand and exposing his person TO the
hazardous chances of failure TO carry out the
programme. Wherein he showed more wisdom
than consistency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24

The editor Of the Cincinnati Commercial
Who, on account Of the handy way in which he
swings club, and from the fact that he is
never happy unless he is assailing something or
somebody, may be considered as standing at the
mead OF DOnnybrOOk journalism in this cOun
try,-moves for the adjustment OF the charac-
ter "&e' from letters, and the substitution
therefor as its equivalent in meaning what he
calls 'the two good words and cetera.'n There
may be, in purist sense, sound linguistic rea-
sons ior the POSED change; but it will not
i.s u .s'O-, as 1t ought not. The character
&C has almost immemorial usage to recon-
mend It, With the added advantage of being
shorter than the substitute suggested. ANY re-
form which abbreviates or eondenses the Ian
guage or simpliGes the spelling of words is sure
to come into general use in this country sooner
or later; but an effort to introduce two words
where one, or even character, will do as well q,
is taking a step backward. The American peo-
pie are not taking steps backward now-a- days,
even in small matters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24

The Washington correspondent of :he Balti-
more american makes a mistake in saying that
the names of George W. Riggs and W. ". Corco-
ran were appended to the maleontent memorial
sent to the Senate against the Board of Public
Works. These gentlemen may not, perhaps,
agree with the Board of Public Works in all
things, bat they are citizens OF too much public
spirit TO joir hands with the small-soaled indi
yiduals Sho lave resisted every effort 20 redeem
the city from its dirt and squalor. Some of the
signers TO this memorial, who but for the Board
OF fuoic works would have spent their lives
on ungraded dirt streets in which a carriage
could not reach their doors nine months of the
year for the mud are now particularly uuhap.
py because the improvements made have dou-
bled and, even in many instances, ouadrupled
the value OF their property
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24

If the structures of the Cumberland Times are
correct President German, of the Chesapeake
and Ohio Canal, is neglecting to take such
thorough measures as will prevent q repetition
OF last summers disastrous interruptions of
navigation.
The Times says: alt is with no disposition to
indulge in tactiOus digestion to the present
management OF the Chesapeake and Dido Canal
that We again call public attention to the fac
that the promised work of repair and reno
walton Of this great artery of trade-sO absolute
~ necessary to a successful seasOn-is not
being Pushed with any degree of vigor what
ever. As We understood Mr.. Germans last re
port the greater part of the sum of so 900 was
set apart for the express purpose of placing the
the present winter. Half of the season of in
action has already passed away and we are
unable to hear that anything more than the
usual slight scraping of the bottom of the canal
sort of tinkering to keep up appearances-has
been DONE"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24

couple OF telegraphic items somewhat
outre in character come from the West One
details the behesding of an old gentleman in
Cincinnati by an elevator, (Which" says the
telegram, ''sheaved his head of, leaving his
trunk on the floor" The other relates to the
decspitstion Of man by hanging, q somewhat
exceptional PARADOX. A man was hung in Cal
ifornia yesterday, and according to the tele-
graphic account, ''when the drop fell his head
was entirely severed from his body, which fell
hfeless to the ground" Lovers of the horrible
will doubtless appreciate these tragic incidents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24

An Indian once tried the softness Of feathers
by laying one on q rock and stretching himself
upon IT, There are some who try the virtue of
advertising on the same plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24

Chief Justice Cockburn, of England, against
whom Caleb Cushing hurled volume severely
criticiring his course at the Geneva arbitration
has given still another evidence Of unjuaicisl
irrsscibility In Infiicting an unusually heavy
sentence Of fine or imprisonment for contempt
upon q lawyer who would insist on writing to
the press relative to the Tichborne trial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24
LOST AND FOUND.

LoSl AN IL EOU IL.
1 0sT-On Friisy evening, the sd, BUNCH
LOs CURLS. The finder will please return them
te 500 Market Space, between Sth and 9Th streets
N. DEM0NeE0f.
L OsT-On the Esd inst, HORSE BLANKET,
~ on street, b., tween 9th and 18th, marx ed JAS
hELLEHER. A liberal reward will be given if
returned to Post Office stable, 423 8h street. It.
Il OsT-On the evening Of the Esd inst in front Of
- Ford's Opera House, Lady's Black Velvet
BELT sATCHEL, bound with silver. A reward
will be paid if left at Thy House, 7th and
p streets. jan24 2tE
CANE TO MY PKEMIsEs-On the 2Si lust, a
~ BAL MARE, white face. The owner will a
come com for, forward prove properly, Bay charges, IN
Stone Yard, street. between 18th and 10Th streets
northwest. Ias24 as
I 0sT-Sl0-Tbe young lady who picked up a
IL TIN DOLLAR NOTE on Thursday, the 221
in front OF Payne Marceys Livery Stable,
Georgetown, and inquired If it belonged to them,
will please leave IL with j s. BLACKBOARD No
80 Bridge street, Georgetown, and receive the
thanks Of the loser. jan24 81
I 0ST-on Saturday night, the 18th Instant at
IL Wallis Opera ouse, or between there and az
street, on Pennsylvanfa avenue, fine CORAL
EARRING, suitable reward will be paid if re-
turned TO 81 l4th street northwest. jan22-3t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1874-01-24
PIANOS, DC.

TUNING AND BENOVATING PIANOS con
tlnnes 70 receive special attention w.
u. l.. WILD, Practical Piano maker
twenty years experience, formerly TuneriVNTN
OF hnabe's 5, subsequently, Of steinWay's Pianos.
now OF the nrm Of q. l.. WILD BRO, ago Ilth
street, near northwest corner Pa. ave-, agents for
the unsurpassed sTIEFF PianOs Ianl6-tr
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
Frsm l,lchlaad rownshIp.

Frsm ttichland Township.
or the Rerord'
' Ed. VISroS REcoRG-As
you occasionally publish ar
licles describing the immense
mineral resources of VIniOn
county, but like the acts and
wisdom of Solomon the hall
h as not been told. | think
proper 70 give some account
of a region southwest Of Nc
Arthur which seems TO escape
The general notice and is rich
in iron ofe and coal, as q sam
pie of which 1 will mention a
few cases on the land owned
by Sedge Nixon there has been
upw ards OF 6he thousand tons
of the best iron ore taken out
the two pastseasons for which
the higest price was received;
Il short distance ifoh that, near
the centre of Rlchlahd town.
ship, on land owned by R.bert
Aiksa Esq, there has been
well up TO one thousand tons
taken out since last harvest of
first rate ore commanding the
highest price; this same land
produced fifty bushels of corn
to the acre the last two years.
Likewise this region abound
with the verv hest stone coal,
and continually. finding more.
There are three VEINS that are
now worked, part Of the two
lower veins it is thought will
make iron an ! is thought to be
fqpai to the Jackson COAL
Likewise it abounds with ex,
cellent timber, and the local
situation is good being seven
miles and a gOVd road to Hath-
den, and four miles 10 The
Rchland furnace and railroad,
and an excellent road to Chill
licothe IN which direction
a large amount of this coal is
now going for blscksmllhIng
and other purposes.
AS printers objects TO lengthy
articles, | will stop for the
present but may reier to. this
subject agein. .a or
HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

THE BOARD Of School Examiners
for vintOn County will meet ut the
Union School House, in Macarthur. on
the let and 3rd Saturdays Of March,
April, May, September, October and
November; and the let Saturday in
Jsnqary, February, June, July, Au'
gust and December, in each year. Ex
- aminations to commence at ten o clock,
." Am. Satisfactory evidence OF good
moral character will be required in all
cases. A fee Of 50 cents is required
9 by law from each applicant
N. Il. BAR-sES Chm Board Of
go Us. HUM, i.- School Ex'
4" I; o. PERrUE, crk, aniners.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
Proceedings Of the County
.I commissioners.

Proceedings Of the County
.i Commissioners.
IHR Commissioners Of Vim
ton county began their Decem-
Der session on Monday Z rh inst.
A full board not present TIL
Tuesday afternoon when Mr..
Kelly arrived:
Tie following roads were es-
Ia blished on final reading OF
the reports Of views and sur
Iveys.,
Road from Nelsonville road
by 0oalmont 10 Athens road
2t mics east OF Zaleski, IN
Knox township, T. Rannells,
principal petitioner. No dam
ages assessed.
Road IN northeast part OF
Elk townships principal petit
uoner, Holden Tripp. Dam.
ages allowed, S2Sls s5, to be
paid out OF the county Treas
ury.
Road 10 the southwest from
Macarthur, VIM. F. FELTON, pnn.
cipal petitioner. Damages al
lowed. Sl,051, half TO be paid
out OF the county Treasury aud
halt by the petitioners.
ID. Views were granted on the
following petitions:
Road IRON Macarthur to
Colds Nursery, view to take
place December 30 h, 1874.
Vale road, view on 12h day
Of January, 1875. "
ii ram Swain, John Dow J
and John Daugherty were ap
pointed viewers on both the
above roads. ..'y
The chief bills that were pre-
senled and allowed:
Lafayette Raynor, Tor re.
pnrs and painting TO Court
House, $3.50.
j. ". Bowen, for printing
aud advertising, $685. SIS. The
latter has one item of 1859 ioI
one insertion Of Commissioners
report. An Outrageous charge
and taxing the item as il reads
22S squares, in connection with
the highest published rates ia
his paper 1t would only be 6ne
dollar per square, making a to
tai OF 1928
We understand il 10 have
been allowed al u session when
only Lwo Of the Commission
ers were present. Mr., TeIers,
who opposed the same being
absent. This ought 10 be look
ed to-. 10
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

SISoNb' $, photographer. Chillicuthe
gives careful attention to iiidking cop-
les Of other p:Ctores, Pictures may be
made us large as life from the tiniest
l'cket picture, and ihade in every way
satislaEtory by careful and judiciohs
coloring. Photographs frorh nature or
from other pictures coiCrsd in the best
styles in oil, water colors, .-oyoh, pas:
tel or ink, ut rates to Suit all circuh
stances. .t.I...
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

TIE exam nations In our
sch0ols commenced yesterday,
16fh inst. The patrons and
friends OF The schools are invil-
ed to attend d.g'. -,' lob '..
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
MARRIAGE LICENSES.
MARRIED:

SMITH-EUTSLER,-At the resi-
idence OF the brides father, Henry
Eutsler, neaf Macarthur, Oh the 18th
inst.. by Rev: VIM. Wallace, M. Al.
SMiTH and Miss MARYJANE EUTstER,
both Of vinton county. The printer
was kindly remembered by some
ha .dsome welding cake. May they
live long and be prosperous.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

THE professional loafers are
ready Tor the winter campaign
around The comfortable stoves s
OF Offices and stores.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

Now is the time to let the
public know what yon have in
The line Of Holiday Goods.-
Don't wait until it is TOO late
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

r CAPITALISTS from Philsdel
phia were in town last Monday,
lor The purpose OF examining
our ore lands. .t 1.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

We have been havlng quite
a touch OF winter for The last
lew days, and as a consequence
overvoats are IN brisk demand.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

TIE "comlng man. will prob
ably be along in the night,
with an \"outsider" and dark
lantern.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

VIZ can furnish The RECORD
ami Godey's L,dy's Book-in
a handsome chromo-
The Rescue"--Ior 81 40 per
'ye2r.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

BowEN thinks his DnnghiIl
cock "a a fine bird, but it has
100 large a bill to suil 'he peo
ple-rea shes 100 deep into the
county treasury.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
Howard SANITARY Aid AssOc'a-

For the Rsliefand Cure OF the Erring and Un
DOC foflan.te on Princp pies OF Christian =
~ ts bnno'iHf9' Philanthropy. ? :. nnt
= ,' Sssays on the Errors Of Youth. and the tol-
.anissof Age, in relation TO Marriage Rad Social
"sEVn., with SANITARY aid for the afflicted
"a. sent free, IN 4ealed envelopes, Address,
- HOWARD ASSOCIATION, Box p Pl;;'t''qqsI
phia, Pa-pslfE lu lllor9s -rIuIag'.f
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

The Iiappiesi man In town
The man who pays his subscrip-
ti0n.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

TIE surest and quickest way
10 drain a farm, is to put a
mortgage upon it al a high rate
of interest. Zoos I .
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

We would like to have a cor
respondent IN every township
in the county. Don't all speak
at once.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

THe LADIES' Temperance
League meets Friday at ernoon
at half past two o'clock, at Mr..
Isaac REYNOLDS.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
The Favorite Fine Cut

ftNuE ''Chewers' choice, is nov taking the
i lead o. Hll other iirands. Bright III color,
pdeasrpt in Iaste, tough and lasting IN chew,
llEGppcco Possesses every quality 10 sult
chSwrts. and sells b, the 10 pound bucket
fikY 100 cheaper per pound, than any Other
'Uss,UnI Of the same grade and perhtps lees
QUALITY. loo buckets Of this calculated brand
Fave been sold in chllicOthe alone within
aie last Two months, aud trana still lnrreas.
Ing "'rry II" SCH RFtE 1 KkAME ER
Cihllcothe, OHIO, are the Manufacturers
agents aud sell at lowest Factory Prices.
,22maY 1879
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

TINS is the last month Of the
present year. We give this in
formation free gratis. hI
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

TIE physicians say Near
thur is very healthy this vim
ter.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

n New subscribers are still
coming in, and vet there is
room for a rev more. Hardly
a day passes bdi We are gree.
ed with words Of cheer regard
ing the merits oi the RECORD
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

WHEN YOU c"me 10 pay your
taxes, remember that we are
just as willing TO receipt Tor
subscription as the Treasurer
IS for taxes. .1 uH
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

Now is The lime tor our mer
chants to come in with their
Christmas and New Year ad.
verlisement~ Can't expectto
sell unless the people are told
where to come. -ay Oh -r.ha
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

TIE faGies vi The Presbyterl
AN Church will hold Festival
io.morrow evening, (Frldav)
ut The Court House. The pub.
lie generally are invited.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

How 10 treat a vile Treat
herLto a new dress.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

A THIEF stole a wagon load
Of corn from Mrs. S. P. Dillon
who lives just aboye Ironlon,
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

AN ibjuncliOn has been filed
to restrain payment ol Bowen.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
THE VINTON RECORD
othOlal Organ Of vlnton County.
TI0OAL MATTE RS.
FOR SALE.

The VISrOs RECORD newspaper and
job Office is-for sale at q bargain to a
cash buyer. Apply to or address
JOHN T. RAPER, Macarthur, o.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

SAUR KRAuT pot pie is the
latest Logan fashion.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

NEXT Friday is Christmas.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
transfers of Real Estat te.

John M, Thomas to Magda-
lena Maule, quit clam, 10 hall
OF in-lol No. IL, Hamden, $50
John 7. Foreman, ct al 10
Joseph N Foreman, SS5 acres,
Elk township, $4,000.
Joseph NJ. Foreman, ell al to
John Foreman, Al l-10 acres,
Elk township, $1,000
ltilla Farley to Julia A. Sim.
mons, Is acres, KnOx township,
5000.
Emma j. Ross ard Husband
to John F. Robbins, quit claim
to t ol 100 acres, Knox town.
ship, 1857 so,
Lewis Sims to Henry T. Bray,
77i acres, Jackson township,
$3.50.
VIM. Smith to Henry I. Bray,
Q acres, Jackson township, $50
Henry I. Bray to John r.
Pa, he, so acres, j acksoh town
ship, $1,000.
ZaIeshi Company to Patrick
flsnnigan, ct al, 1O48 acres,
Brown township $2,6l6. 4
Geo. II. Bell to Austin E.
Bush, quit claim to 40 acres,
Knox township. $50.
John 4 McVey by Sheriff 10
j. M. Rumsev & ca, part OF
in.lni No 81, Mt. Pleasant.
s2A 81
John Lewellen to John H..
Bennett, 65 acres, Knox town
ship, $500. .,..,s.. o-.ts
We take pleasure in direct.
ing attention I'd the advertise.
ment of the Cincinnati Gazette,
which appears IN smother col
umn. II offers unusually strong
inducements tosubsctibers.
The Gazette Is too We'll
known to need any introduc.
ton Tor 1875. It is Republican
in principle, but EXPOSES wrong
in all parties, without fear or
favor. clio s.ii'Ia
TnE city daIlies cont ain
wGoleJ coluiih . advertisements
OF burglar proof safes. This is
a significant fact. 1t goes 10
shnw that there is Here steal
ing d, ns5 new than there has
been Tor r. years before. IIcfeas.
ed vigilance is yrecessary for
!he security Of property.
.ENiiG ciHf Ia
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

/, - a VACANT log house, about "a
mile and three quarters from
lawn, oil The premises Of H. D.
.Oodgs burnt down last Tues
day pighLiA number oi, young
men had builfa fire IniSyand
bal been caropsing, there for
some time, on shat nigh, and
The fire originatea dirsm this
,cossa,ig gOy sHa 81 10 creme
,ssivSd diIow ssbslseai
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

A YAwL BoAT-One filledwith
CRYING habies.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

Country schools are filling up
rapidly with ."big scholars"
who,Iaying asi'ia 'he 'labors of
The farm, start in on their
winters schooling and annual
trial Of their teachers nerves.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17

p Some people who have no
business Of thair own to, attend
to sppear to be verv much inter-
ested ip regulating that ofothefs'
From all such busy bodies
Good Lord, deliver u.s. .atnra
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
N. j. BOWERS,
RESIDENT DEN ilST,
Macarthur, Ohio.
Notice to Teachers.

Particular attention given to ths treaim en-
o the natural teeth.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1874-12-17
{ SPECIAL NOTICES.

TOwbiL, Portsmouth,, Ohio,
Offers to the Merchants and Fufnace>
men Of yinsOn county, superior stock
of Dry Goods and Notions, on terms
4 the most favorable. fs' lseptiy
Daily Kennebec journal., 1874-07-22
Mr.. Tiltcn's Sworn Statement.

Whereas, The Bev. Henry Ward Beecher
has instigated the appointment Of Il committee
consisting of six members of his church and
society to inquire and report upon alleged as
persion upon his character by Theodore Til
ton, and
Whereas, Mrs. Elizabeth r. Tilton, for
merly tue wife Of Mr.. Tilton, has openly de-
serted her home in order to operate with
Mr.. Beecher in a conspiracy to overturn the
credibility and good repute of her late hus-
band as a man and a citizen,
Therefore, Theodore Tilton, being thus au-
thorzed and required by the public demand
made upon him by the Rev. Henry Ward
Beecher, and being now and hereafter releas-
cd by act of Mrs. Tilton from further respon-
sibility for concealment of the truth touching
her relations with Mr.. Beecher, therefore,
Theodore Tilton hereby sets forth under SOL
emn cath the following facts and testimony :
First,-That on the I'd of October, 1865, at
Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, marriage be-
tween Theodore Titon and Elizabeth NJ.
Richards was performed by the Rev. Henry
Ward Beecher, which marriage thirteen
years afterwards was dishonored and volate d
by this clergyman through the criminal Sc
duction of this wife an mother as hereinafter
set forth.
Second, That for period of about fifteen
years, extending both before and after this
marriage, Theodore Tilton and the Rev. Hen
ry Ward Beecher, which friendship was ce-
mented to such degree that in consequence
thereof the subsequent dishonoring by Beech
er of his friends wife was crime of uncom-
mon wrongfulness and perfidy.