New-York tribune., 1874-03-30
THE LECTURE.

$50 sse moi having any stimulus 10 contract yield
n, ,he mower OF the heart and become very mOCh larger
What nervous system exists IN all parts OF the pooy
hore blood is present that direct influence can DC
axered by the central of the nervous system on
81. parts of the body But the question Is whether TINS
,eryous system the only tone that acts on circulation
My friend Prof Bernard has insisted upon the
view that Is another nervous system
asong on circulation and serving 20 dlate blood
vessels This view, however, you VIII see in "
moment has no real foundation. The facts on Wheh
1t has grounded can be explained by quite another
supposon The second nervous system. which bernaTu
and sch and others suppose TO exist has beeDpresumed
to act on peculiar muscular bers In the blood vessels
,o as 70 produce their duatation. The ground Tor ~
,s "a that nv irritating certain parts OF the nervous
system we 6nd blood vessels dstlng instead OF CON
tracing But is clear from many facts indeed tnat
the dnatation comes from quite another mecham'n
than that which supposed by the PSYCHOLOGISTS nave
named There Is evidently a number OF nerve noers
transmitting nerve the cellular tissues, and IN
deed 70 the neghborhood Of tissues not going into any
OF them terminating between the elements oi usSc
the discharge force which these hbers produce
Is transformed into chemical force and owing to the
activity OF chemical phenomena following that discharge
or transformation of force there is any attraction OF
blood - , ,o,
you well know the blood crculates from the srte-
mes TO the vens and Prof Draper of New York has per
fecy well proved that the chemical changes occurring
In tissues must be cause of activity of the circulation
But there are many other facts besides those he
knew. which show that when We irrtate nerve II
blood In the part where that nerve goes IL
Is not because goes to blood vessels and af
fcets them ny datng them but because OF the direct
transformation Of force into chemical force pro-
duene an attraction Of blood great many facts indeed
show us that circulation will on without an impulse
from the heart In plants the circulation proceeds from
chemical changes without any heart at all: without
total monsters in our own species. Ihere iue
The commnncaon OF its circulatory system with that
of the almost half child with which was connected
hook the heart as the only organ producing cIGua
ton Besides IN emDryos n auiRaIs & al serial cSrt@n , HG
takespaCe while the heart is not yet formed Aud We NAV
that instead Of the heart being ne only organ tnat
formed by circulation The circulation helps TO give
form OF organization, and helps to gye IL junction
long made an experiment with frogs, consisting
IN making section of the ventreie OF the heart.
dividing it so as TO DO away. with more than
time clot is formed there which unites the
hps OF the cut, and the circulation goes on win
is hardly impulse coming from it, There is pass
age however for the blood there, aud that is all that
attraction, may he accomplished ia every tissue through
one ease, that Of LADY IN which the heart was almost
entirely destroyed by IA ~ deposition The heart IN
this had very little action, If any, but stl life per
sisted for some time In appearance there was state
Of health, until sud ienly one day death occurred
There Is on record the case OF man VINO Tor three
days had had no beating whatever OF the heart
and who, nevertheless, had had circulation
he had had no pulse-ibe beating OF the
pulse depending ON tne neaItnDIi I ~, me @ Doo1 Tqsr
fore, although would not say certainty hat the heart
useless organ laugltSI II = certainly o by lar less
the work Of circulation being due to the attraction that
by certain and thereby circulation Is consider
ably increased sometimes locally TO most wonderful
extent 10y an irritation OF the nervous system Ia cases
OF inflammation this plainly. Where the in
hammstion exists inside OF The Uranium we find that the
carotid artery beats with tremendous violence Some
times we lind an enormous increase Of pusation in the
the heart Indicated by the pulse wrist not
beating with much more force than usual, We must
Examination III the membrane Of the brain OF the brain
A CATS TAIL on ROOSTER.
other facts prove also this power OF attraction Of blood
II put organ taken from living animal inside Of
smother animal, very frequently this organ will be
grated there The infused serum becomes the object OF
chemical changes the blood is attracted andthe organ
receives circulation. once engrafted the tail of cat
on cocks comb. few days after It was evident by
certainly would have stald there mad not the cock had
fight and lost ITS tail laughter Other cases of graft
fact that ora IN animals when theyare implanted on
membrane take ,hOld of IT, blood is attracted
there and circulation takes place
Now the question is does the nervous system which
moment act only through blood vessels aud through
that peculiar influence which had named an attraction
NAV make as regards the mechanism by which the
alterations will speak OF are produced 1t Is quite GER
tain that we cannot explain all tae facts on tne supo
sltion that the nervous system affects nutrition only
through the blood vessels There must be other iohu
ences. Ana the variety Of facts l shall mention,
shOugh not 80 great as should ike 10 present VIII
he sufficient Iink TO show that We cannot accept tDat
The variety OF alterations have said, very great
The division OF nerve u followed by good many
alterations. oiten producing sttophy not only OF the
muscles but OF the cellular tissue OF the blood
ses aud also of the bones themselves All the parts
that animated by the nerve are more or less afro
phied after division. DR.. John Read made an expert |
to ascertain whether u because the nervous
system has an influence the nutrition, which s essen
tia, whether 1t was simply the lack Of scton the
perfect rest In wlich the part thrown that Occa
stoned this wasting away or atrophy he allowed |
AtrOphy take place, aud then galvanized tue limb
very frequently aud found 1t improved But the prn
cipal experiment consisted in preventing strophy by
galvanzaton He galvanized every day and found |
that the linb did not become atrOphed pushed the
experiment further ! waited untli autrOphy had be-
yausU. l then learned that although the nerve Lad |
los nerve force alJogetheras they lose 1t four days
after disseCjiOn-yet there was soon manifest ln !
crease In size. and after time the limb brought 10
The normal size that II had before the operation.
Even In We frequently cases OF that kind |
one. mad patient who from rheumatism had been |
without any exercise In Of his egs "a long Time
t ana SsSpsy was considerable ~ the thgh when the
vaDism: observed day after day change for the bet
ter and az the end OF week he had gained al the upper
part OF the tmgh nSs eenneers or nearly TWO inches
IL ciTcumferenCe Tbs implied rapid transformation
for the better u evident therefore, that in great
measure Il is OWING 10 rest or inactivity OF part that
want Of nerve action and consequently atrOphY is due
CoSsEQUgNCEs or IRRITATION TO NERVES
There IL great variety Of results, have said when
any part system irrtated. The rrita
tion may come In direct way that s, It may, n II
exist the BRAIN part Of the spinal cord, 20 direct
the musclesOt skin o bones glands part with |
irritation start from part OF the SKIN OF mucous
memDranee and 10 The brain or spinal cord and be
sent back by the BRAN spinal cord toward other
organs which become atrophied. There are number
OF eases which show that an irritation In tho bowels or
produced an arophy at distance ia other parts Of the
cooy Ihe variety OF effect produced IL considerable