The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1874-05-16

compiler gsnetie rtIdtionMips. We see tina
where multitude oil objects arc assoclat
cd by common genesis VIC cannot class
ily them In llneal series, but only Il
> groups and sub'groups, dlVerging from
common trunk like the branches ant
i twigs Of what We very aptly term a fam
lily tree. And on the general principle
OF hereditary relationship, We see that oh
jecH near the common trunk will depar
less widely from the primitive ancestra
= type, and will therefore resemble cacI
other more closely, than objects far up OF
!, the ends OF the branches. A comparison
OF the different races oil Aryan men woult
bring out the same results as the compar
ison Of their languages, After making
al allowances for the irtermiXture Of thl
Afyans with divers aboriginal races Il
Europe and Asia, It remains generally
admitted that every Aryan language 4
spoken by men who arc predominantlI
Afyan In blood. Now, 1t would be i'm.
possible 10 arrange Hlndoos, Greeks, Ital
ians, Russians, Germans, and English II
any lineal series. We can only divide ant
subdlvide, saying Of an American, for In
stance, that he belongs to the human sub
Ekingdom known as Aryan, class North
u Aryan, order ,Teutonlc, family Low Ger
mans, genus Friso.S Saxon species English
variety Anglo.American. Such must al
ways DO the case when we have to deal
| with phenomena due to hereditary rela-
Etionship; and where We find q set Of OBJ
Ijects thus arranged In groups within
4 groups, converging at tho bottom and d.
verging at the top, we have very good
Iprtma tGeie ground for asserting, heredi'
tary relationship"
FROM THE LOWEST TO TIE mGHEsT.
Let us now follow up the system Of
classification which naturallsts have
found to be the only feasible method Of
arrangement. Beginning with the
eu9Iena0, one Of the lowest forms oflile
Of which we can have any knowledge, we
find them developing into vegetSl ex-
istences as diatOnlS, or into animal organ
isns as bacteria, or GM0ebd, according 10
the conditions to which they are exposed.
Taking up the GmoebG, which at one
stage OF existence are animal and at an
other are vegetal, we will encounter two
1 dlverging lines OF development which are
represented by the prOtists with hard. On
velopes and the protiSts with soft epVel-
opes, indicating low types OF the vegetable
kingdom and Of the animal kingdom re-.
speCtively. Combining our attention to
the latter we next meet the e0sLenterltd and
the aoophyteS which include such str4ctures
as sponges, polyps, SC, extremely Ample
forms with no specialization OF tunetien.
We will here find several branching lines
| proceeding In various directions, being
mainly annuloida or worm.like creatures,
molluscoida, and radiate animals like the
sea.urchin. II VIC follow tho first type,
articulata arc next reached, which then
diverge by several paths, and finally ter
inmate 10 crustacea, embracing crabs,
shrimps, &c, and in the higher annulosa
such as ants and spiders. The radiata
branch out into numerous different fami-
lies without attaining any great develop
ment, while the molluscoida proceed by
two roads as vertebrate and molluSc9.
Tho lower vertebrate are all fishes, the
extreme type being the amphioxrs, which
in many respects strongly resembles the
mollusks. AS We trace the vertebrate
still further, reptiles, birds, and mammals
appear, with the amphibia as intermediate
links TO connect them with the fnny
tribe. The farther We pursue any two
lines the greater IS the divergence Of form
\ observed, while between them are found
forms OF lie, which, gradually approach-
ing in type to one branch as 1t recedes
from the other, serve to show the common
bond of kinship. In their higher
development the vertebrate and the mol
lusca are very unlike, while at the bottom
OF the scale the difference Is almost inap-
preCiable, "the lancelets being closely
similar in structure 10 the ascidians
whose embryos present rudiments OF q
yertebral column The widest diverg.
ence Is found in the extreme develop
4 ment of the animal and vegetable king
dom, as tor instance in man and the OAK,
yet by descending the scale on one side
and then ascending on the other, we find
intermediate allied forms which point out
the distant relationship. Occasionally
we find an, anomalous mammal, like the
platypus, which still retains many bird
| like characteristics, or may discover in
tho four legged fish Of New Zealand, re.
mfniscences Of an extinct intermediate
type. As we go back in time, resem:
blances become yet more striking. Liz
ards with q flsh-like nature, such as the
icttsyoSduyi, are found, while the pter0d.
actyIEs were like birds and the pleSioSauri
resembled serpents., The hippdri0R of
the Eocene period was neither horse, ass,
quagga, nor zebra, but still It bore strong
points of likeness to lltour, and was
probably their common progenitor. II
we examine the lower organisms we will
find 1t impossible 10 discover any lines Of
demarcation between animal life and
vegetal life, each seeming to imperceptibly
fade into the other. Tho very names Of
certain kinds such as EOQphyteS, meaning
animal plants, or phytoz0G meaning plant
animals, are iRignihcantof the difficulty
which natuEalisis have in making q dis.
tinc,ion. There arc vegetal forms like
diatoms which swim about tho ponds In
which they live, by means OF ella; while,
conyererly, certain ANIMALS such as corals,
spopges or barnacleS are rooted 70 the
spots on which they grow. Again, we
| find the differences between the sub .divis.
ions oil group to be much less than tho
differences between the groups themselves.
As Spanish and Portuguese, or as the
dialects Of Northern Germany differ less
than do the linguistic families to which
they belong, 80 tiger resembles lion,
or goat resembles deer more than any
member Of tho larger order CdrnioorG
resembles any member Of the order RH'
n1inGtd. .a .,,a ..,, 10.
SPECIAL CREATION FAILS TO ACCOUNT
FOR THESE FACTS sos -.
NOV all this complex arrangement OF
groups within groups, resembling each
other at the lotion Of the scale and dll-
tering most widely at the top, Is Just the
netic relationship; and upon any other
theory than that Of derivation 1t 1t utterly
Inn all . . ~. T..