, 1874-08-23

t1'e Ehores OF the "Ccntraf Sea-" in their weird
Journey to tho centre OF the earth,'' have been
preserved in those spacious deposits to inspire
tho imagination with dreams OF the wonderful
phenomena Of their days OF life.
The area and loca:ions Of the various coal de-
pos1ts OF the world aie quite well known. Coal
IL found in nearly oil parts IF the world, al
though it is 10 the torrid regions and not
much has been discovered N. South America or
Africa. Aasla. tho American Shore of tho Arctic
oeeao, and Greenland, are rcputod to eoutsu large
deposits The continental nations OF Europe arc
fairly supplied. England, in consequence ~of
The immense amount consumed there. s begin
ming to dread exhaustion of her supply, aud, az
The TE1DCsE has noted, has already suffered
an increase OF price. The supply OF tue
United States is doubtless tho most abundant
or any country in the world. Coal is found IN
al the great physical regions Of tho nation. A
considerable quantity is deposited on the Pacific
slope and in the basin OF the st. Lawrence
hlser. On the Atlantic slope aud in the Mis-
slsslppl Valley the supply ia inexlalstible.
Though characterized BY various grades of e1-
ee!leuce, the coal Of this country may bo divided
into
TWO GREAT VARIETIES,
anthracite coal and btuminous coal, or, as more
frequently designated, hard " coal aud ''soft -
coal The difference between these TWO varle-
ties = not one Of origin or OF age. It is due to
subjected during their long stay in the subter-
ranean baslDB or cavities TINT cout2in them.
Inc surface OF the earth 9lves Thousand irre-
1Easao4e proofs that IT'S crust has been at times,
and III many places, tue sport of gigantic Internal
iosces tnat have produced Its various 'nequ"lI-
ties. Tue peculiar properties aud cAaracteris-
tics Of
ANTHRACITE cn41,
are exrlnued and accounted far hv sun,,esinr it
to lsye been subiectcd to l,eat and uresa,1ra in
the t,rocrees nf snr,a of tbeaa irrasut;i,n co,rn1
sious, The authrarite coai seems tn be simnfy
the bituuinous coal with tha thurman exnetied
by this heat and nrcssnre. The trout nnthrnc;to
field. of the IIntad S-ea ara locatnd c,st of tl,a
Allegheny Mountains in a rr,-inn ci,in,r e1ter
nal and Internal evidence nf Iayi,1 hce,, suh
jecteI tn tbe.c conditions, 1l,, <1reaf antI,rac,to
tleposit of rbe United Stntos ia in Iaste, n ppnu
syyania. n,,d occI,nics NJ. are, NJ 4l7 annare
1uiic. AsiIusttatinrt thc contortnns car1sed v tho
anthracite making nui.eayals in that region It
n1ny be 1ncnt;o,;cd TIM tho strata of cf7aI ani
flonblod and folded that creat mistakes hayl,
been repeatedly made IN est1m.t,uc tho acyre-
gate tl;ckuets of rha coal-scams in narticnar
mines. The nane aca7n ar stratum heinz conntnl
many times. Tl,e elimination of bi:nn7a, w},icf,
t1ia cai ,sas .,ered rara u ~ es,'a"ar aes
LIZ co;l1 nus suncrea le1usis ~ espeG!ay ussI
laulo l"f Eleat nlany pt1rpo7cs' - cons4ses
very largely OF carbon. and make most agree
lipess. @ H. e On account so Of % its freedom dom from from
smoke, good heatinc powers aud durability
il in generally rreferred for 4pmeatio and
,',,st ;i,ar -,.'x.as - ~, - n,rt a1si a-anet
1 S ~ ri - M ~ -. oeot'1
nhele eue taltef 10 80 Pleht1Aui auu cueai Us 70
1ufhasu an economical arsn1aent IN IT'S favor
distance to the anthracite beds Of Pennsylvania,
aud the roundabout and expensive route hitheF.
ana the presence In our linnleolato slelnlt! OF
vast quantities Of good soft coal, fully one-thi,d
Of the coal nsed in Chscnso is hard coal
It il curious circumstance. and illustrative OF