, 1874-08-01
THE FARM AND GARDEN.

Laying Tile Dy Nsnel.inefy In ln-
dtnMa-TliU Enhanced Value OF Wet-
NInrKos-tinrates,n Rnd tho ssnnll
Eruits-lno birds and tho Grnss1aop-
rers-Tfao Cnrn-CrOp.
Ffom Our Horticultural Corrtspondtnk
CHAMPAIGN. Ill., July 80, 1874.
Before tho days Of railroads, Ii no dealred
Yoeotablos Out OF aenBon. wo had to resort to
l.o,-bots and glasH. .houaos,- mot only for thu
starting Of pfants carly. but, to A groat cxtons
Ia porfcot them. But tllIs wna costly luxury,
and tnade taoae carly gardon-productn possible
only to the rich. And thon such fruits az tho
strawberry, tho raspberry, aud tho blnohborry
could mol bo counted In tho lAt Of thesn 1uxurioa
for thoy were too cost1y oyeu for tho fich+ But
NOW
THE RAILROADS AND MODERN GARDENING
hare mute all Of those things possible to all
elansos OF our people. In tte old time, the early
u,arl, gardena were, aro those for later uho
ranged around In tho suburbs Of our cittes,
I1luse for Chicago wore mostly along tho sandy
soa ot tho lnke-shore, md reachu1 aB Tar Houth
~ tho Calumet, and to Evanston, or, 81 It waa
then oalod, Gross Point, on tho north Over all
tlis dintrict hot.heds and cold-frasnas covered
with glasa abouudcd; but, as tho railroads e1-
!cnded nouth, 30 extended south tho carly
marketgarden, pnd tho opon sunlight
and warm aoil took the place
OF tho glass-eoyerod cold-lsame. The
sunny hill-1ides at Cobdon, Anna, Donso1a, and
villa niigo, usurpod tho p!aco Of the city hot.
bodn and cold-frames. aud vastly chcapenod tho
carly vegetables; aud, at tho samc time, cheap
cned tho oarlr small fruits, and thnB revolution
lied ths old system Of producing the carly yegc-
tabloA and fruits. Aud yot farther South pushed
tic railroads. and farther South followed tho
Easaens, ..... ....-..
Until THE GULF WAS REACHED
at Mobile. There In the opcn ground, without
tho aid Of glaaa, corn, groom peas, boots, onions
md tho whole list Of garden-vogesablos could
be grown, and sent to Chicago almost aa early as
TINY could be plantod in tho open ground, and
at less than a quarter what thoy would cost
grown unuor glass.
! Before one thought OF 1ayiug aside hln over
| coat, and boforo tho first pulaatons Of spring
| appeared III the Chicago gardens, tho market
| was filled with gtecn peas Strawberries, and
other lilso daintios. In full perfection, grown III
tie open nir, OH the shores of Mobile Bay, and
brought 10 tho city, q thousand 1nilos. BY rail.
! We might say that this Was interfering with
| local gardening. Not at all, for tho local gar
ucncr bocame Interested In this subnrban gar
deuiug, that wna prosecuted Thousand nlea
distatt. Aud to-day tho distant gardens arc as
| much part Of tho gardens OF tha North Az
|
| Just outside tho busy tnarts Of trade.
| or late thero haB been opened up a new line
| Of railroad, by filling in nanling links, and
tbs route f.oln Cairo to New Orleans has pre-
Not that New ORLEANS. 10 q garden-sito for tho
| early vegetables. has any particular charms, but
| tlAt the new line Of road runs inland from tho
SICILY streams. and passes oYer tho moro healthy
table-lauds, better adapted To tho homoB Of thoH0
| reared at the North.
| wuEBE s1tALL LOCATE At TIE SOUTH
| for Tho purpose Of growing vegetables and tho
| small fruits for the North has been often re-
poated to us: Au We 60 south from Chicago, We
fiud Alonee, Kankahee, onarga, ohampnign, Mat
toon. Contralia, DuQuoin. Carbondale: Makauda.
| Coblon, Anna, Dongola, aud Villa Ridge,-al1
points Of interest III tho growing OF yogetabloa
| aud fruits for Chicago and other points north
Chicago being tho grost distributing point, At,
tor n long time, Momphis and Jackson woro hoard
from; and, for fow years back, yegeta-
blea lavo como from Mobile. On tue
completing Of tho great through line to
"Whoro shall looato?" Not having boon
farther south than DanvlIlo, in Mlssissippi, VIC
cannot npeak from peraoual experience ; but wo
should wish TO get AZ near New Orleans as poa-
good Hooil, centtal shipping point. cheap land,
and good aocoly.
l. friend At
| M'CoNn CITY,
105 miles north Of Now orleaps, and 300 miles
south of Cairo, writes in regard to new town.
aud, ilo1n lia description, 1t must eventually be
| prominent point for market. gardens and tho
anla1a fruit, such as tho strawberry, the rasp-
ns tns Etc. TnS nSos
feot above tidewator, making it 200 foot higher
than Uairo, and almost equal to The aloya-
tion; Of Mastoon and Champaign. Such
u location for, tho South must be
il must Insure health to hlmaolf aud family,
While he Will be d few days behind the Mobile
gardens as regards earliucaH. he will hnve tho
advantage Of cheaper freight aud somo hours in
thin branch of rural industry.
Tins point Ia about $40 milcs south OF Chiongo,
or about thlrty.eight hours,-a tritle over day
and half. With proper packing and well-yen-
rivo in good order, while, month or two
! later, they would be spoiled by host
Divide this $40 miles BY u, and We have 10 days
for the SEASON to mako its march from lfcColnh
Those 70 days, with his hot-beas, ara days sud
nishta OF watchtul cate, aud withal expensive !;
aud his cucumbeta that come from his hot-bada
give him no bettcr profit At $S per dozen than
Southern gardener grows his cuoumbers IS
fleld.crop IN tho open ground, and IL thus en-
ablcd to put tho first gathering On
the Chicago market at 81 dozen, and thus
his hot-beds. Potatoes ia tho opeu ground at
Chicago mature about July 20 to tie 2Jth hut
the Beuxoa At Mccotub City is seventy days IN
advance. With potatoes nearly ripe whom tho
planted EARLY l1oso April u, aud July made tho
trst shipment, aud on tho 18th tue last Of thAt
/ lot, tho VINO tlen being. dead-ripe. That gaye
alghty-savon daya Of growth. Tue Southern gar
dener ut that ratio would hayo been roady to ship
1! potatoes May |, which. think, was the case,
Tllon, AZ the season mArohod north. the surpliaA
cone frum Jacttaon, Cairo, Golden, Ceutrul.a,
Champaign, and onarga; aud today tho gar
1ena Iii the latltutIa OF Chicago have the potato
| market ta themselves.
| 1t il plHiu that wn havo
| 4 PERMANENT CHANGE
In the Nholo gystenl Of gardening; that tho hot
lesls tor tho tasclng ot easly vegetables must
bu thrown asidc, and those grown III tho opou
dir. by icid-ou!tu,e, vii! take tI..s placs,--bo-
ginning tirbt thousand miles away, aud follow
!ug tue !ine Of march Of the season, until tho
last strawberries come from the south shore OF
Lake Superior. anl rine on1oasand ripe potatoes
fill tho lnal kets from tho Int Of aEay.
1 Chicago gardeners haye located at a1l the
points named, aud moro will follow, not only to
afcComh City, but at hundred points heswaou
1 kh.I- s4t,$-