davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
WORMS IN SLEEPS LUNGS.

The Agricultural Gazette has the follow.
ing article on this topic which will interest
the sheep breeding readers of the Rural Ne,o-
Yorker. Lambs very soon show the effects
of parasitic invasion, but it is worthy of es.
pecal notice that the early symptoms are
likely to mislead the nockmaster in fixing
the date of the origin of the disease. Some
weeks must elapse after the entrance of the
germs into the system before any signs of
ill-health are apparent; it ls not, therefore,
correct to assume that the pastures in which
the animals happened to be feeding are in.
tested with the embryo worms. 1t may be
that the lambs took iu the young worms on
lands situated at some distance from the
ground on which the first signs Of disease
were developed nevertheless, the tendency
always is to attribute the affection to the
change Of pasture. Nothing is more com.
mon than the remark, "My lambs were in
good condition until they were put on u
certain piece Of seeds, or had some kind of
artificial food" Whereas the true cause of
the disturbance should be dated some weeks
back, when the lambs were on some grass
which had been previously fed off by older
sheep.
In the absence of an exact knowledge as
to the time which is required for the chang
es to occur which fit the immature worm for
its habitat in the lungs Of the sheep, it is
impossible to calculate tho amount OF risk
which is incurred by allowing lambs to fol.
low sheep over seeds after an interval of
few weeks only. 1t is more than probable
that months are necessary for the compile
tiOn Of the changes, and that the really dan
gerous pastures are those which have been
used as sheep-walks for years; but there
is no doubt that land which has been used
for feeding sheep during one season is unsafe
feedng.ground for lambs the following sea-
son.
When the parasites have accumulated in
sufficient numbers in the tubes of the lungs
to interfere with respiration and cause irri.
tation in the mucous membrane, the princi.
pal symptom is a constant short cough,
which is very distressing, owing to its al
most uninterrupted continuance day aud
night. This cause alone would account for
considerable loss Of condition but the
imperfect publication Of the blood, owing to
the blocked condition Of the respiratory
tubes, is more direct cause of the debility
to which large proportion of tho animals
succumb.
1t is observed that the largest and strong
est lambs are the least affected by the pres
ence of the parasites. This is not only a
natural result of the greater power of endur-
ance which enables the animals to resist
debilitating influence, but is also in great
measure to be attributed to tho well-known
fact that weakly subjects afford the most
congenial location to parasites of all kinds
Besides the constant cough, and the ema.
citation, there are no symptoms which spec.
tally attract attention or indicate the nature
Of the disease, but any doubt about the mat
ter is soon set at rest by post paOriem ex.
summation, Some Of the animals are certain
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
ITALIAN BEES IN BAD oDoR.

We have report Of meeting of the Ger
man agriculturists of Ober Hess, conveying
an untavorable account Of Italian bees.
Herr Dorr, of Met.enheim, said he had kept
Italian bees since 1857, and taking the ut
most pains with them he became possessed Of
many fine, pure colonies, aud also some
crosses in the first and second degrees. As
a result of his experience he would not give
a straw for the foreign races. There seems
to be two great drawbacks one the foul
brood, and the other the strong propensity to
swarm. With foul brood he had lost heavy
colonies, and on the whole many large apia-
ries have gone entirely to ruin from these
causes. Some who started with 20 to 80
stocks have not now an ounce Of honey. He
acknowledged, however, that half breeds are
now doing well, and he thinks if the money
expended on Italian and other bees had been
devoted to improving such native stocks as
had distinguished themselves, a great progress
would have been made. Many bee keepers
in this country as we'll have become disgust
ed with their experience with the Italians,
and especially in their purchases from per-
sons who ought to be above deceit and sharp
practice; and it looks now as though there
would be decided reaction against Italian
bee culture. The suggestion Of Herr Dorr,
that good results could be secured by propa-
eating such stocks as distinguish themselves,
seems worthy Of special attontion.-N. Y.
Tribune
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13

pressing necessity. Those who loaned our
government money during the war assumed
the risk of the nations disruption and inso-
vency in view Of the chance on the other
hand Of the redemption OF her obligations in
coin. The nation has now no right TO repu-
date any part Of that obligation then as.
sumed, which is all the postponement of re.
sumption till the bonds are paid would
amount to. The capitalists have taken us
at disadvantage, an the best thing for us
to do is to submit to the bleeding with as
good grace as possible. Bat allowing that
it would be perfectly fair to postpone a re-
turn to the specie basis for the sake of pre-
venting the realization of a portion OF this
profit by capitalists, We do not think even
policy should lead .he laboring classes to ia.
vor the postpouement Of resumption. So
long as our currency is fuctuating in value,
so long will heavy burden be imposed up
on the poor in the cost Of the necessities Of
life. When country merchant buys lot
Of goods from the wholesaler on 30, 60, or
80 days, the latter adds to the proper price
of the goods certain per cent to protect
himself against the possible deterioration in
currency before pay day. So the merchant
who sells his goods to the consumer adds
another per cent above his legitimate profit
for the same reason. Then il the currency
rises or remains stationary in value there is
so much clear gain to the capitalist while
either way Ihere is nothing but loss to the
consumer. Let us have firm standard for
our circulating medium, aud rid ourselves
the workers of the couutry--grom this euor-
nous burden, even if it does give the "bloat-
cd capitalist" few dollars more for his
bonds while it saves the poor consumer hun-
dreds.-ED. FARMER.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
EARLY LAMBS.

got one new idea at the fair from Carl
Heyue. He asked me to come and see his
Siesian Merino lambs. They were splen.
did-large, well-formed, and completely
covered with long, thick, fine wool. "But,
Carl" said, "these can't be lambs. They
are almost as heavy as my Cotswod lambs.
They must be yearlings." mo-" he said,
shaking his head and smiling. LAMBS" d"
They must have come very early" re-
piled. He smiled and nodded his head.
"February?" | queried. Another smile.
january 2' Another smile. december ?"
Another smile. have smiled to myself
several times since as | thought over the
matter. If l had said November" pre-
sumo he would have smiled assent, aud |
am not sure if should not have got the
same response if had said October" or
september" | suppose lamb is lamb
until it is sheared, then it becomes shear
ling. ais it WELL" asked, "to have lambs
come so early? ?" "Better," he replied.
1--WE have plenty Of hay and roots and can
feed the ewes well in winter" In the
spring the weather is wet and the grass
watery and poor, and the young lambs do
not thrive on it. If the lambs come early
they can be well fed aud cared for all win
ter and spring, and by the time the grass is
rich aad abundant they are ready for it,"
All this at first sight, seems quite un-
natural. But few of the processes Of agri-
culture are natural. 1t is not natural to
milk COW or shear sheep, or make hay,
or provide shelter or supply the wants and
look to the comfort Of our stock. We ind
no objection to have COWS calve in Septem-
ber. Why may it not be quite as well to
have our lambs come in the fall ? 81 have
always found lambs that come accidentally
in the winter, said the deacon, "a nuisance" "
Yes" said the squire, sit is best to knock
them on the head at once, aud have done
with it, 1t is all well enough for you ANA.
teurs who keep few pet sheep and like to
fuss over them, but it won't do for farmer
who keeps large flock" "But, replied
Carl Heyne is one of the most experienced
shepherds in the United States. He has
charge Of flock of over 800 sheep, aud i,
celebrated for his successful management
When such man says it is better to have
lambs come in the fall or early winter-and
practices what he preaches-the matter is
worthy of consideration and discussion. "
For my part | am half converted already
provided the ewes can be induced to tall in
with the idea. | suppose this matter can
be brought about by feeding, weaving, etc
-WulkS and Talks.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
THE DEVIL AND THE LAWYER.

The devil came up to the earth one day,
And into the court house wended HE way,
Just as a attorney with very grave face
Was proceeding to argue the "points Of his caso'
Now, lawyer his Majesty never had seen,
For to his dominions none ever had been,
And he felt very anxious the reason to know,
Why none had been sent to the regions below
Twas the fault Of his agents, his Majesty thet,
That none of the lawyers had ever been caught,
And for his own pleasure, he fel; desire,
To come to the earth and the reason inquire.
Well, the lawyer who rose with a visage SO grave,
Made out his opponent consummate knave,
And the devii was greatly am used,
To hear the attorney so greatly abused.
But as soon as the speaker had come to q close,
The counsel opposing then aercely arsse,
And he hea ped such abuse tho head Of the first,
That heinLie hi n 4 william, of all man the worst.
Thus they quarreled, contendod and argued so long
Twas hard to determine which of them was wrong,
And concluding he'd heard enough Of the fuss,
Old Nick turned away and solilOquiEed thus,
"If all they have said to each other be true,
The devil has surely been robbed Of his duo
But Pm satisfied now, 1t is all very we'll
For these lawyers would ruin the morals of hell.
They have puzzled the court with their vilasnous
cavn
And rm bound to confess they would puzzle the
devil,
My agents arc right "to let lawyers alone;'
If had them they'd swlndIO me out Of my throne !"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
WHOLE NO. 2O6.
gaoies' department.
For the VERMONT FARME
AWKWARD BOYS.


There has been considerable discussion on
this subject in your paper, though not so
much as | should like, and there are more Of
those awkward boys no doubt who will Ego
for the writer of that first article. l am
as ignorant as the other writer's of her mo-
tive in writing the article, but think it was
to call TO the front some of those awkward
boys. She will have to explain herself or
there will be some unbelievers as to the ex-
istence Of such family as she tries to por-
tray. No such family ever dwelt in this
community. Though there are some bashlul
boys here they were not made so by sleeping
in the garret or being snubbed by an over
nice sister. Education and society will in
most cases cure them. In this enlightened
land it is hard to believe parent would
extol one child to the extent she pictures,
and at the same time degrade another. In
the school where l have CHANGED to be the
boys were not so awkward as to be afraid
enough not to whisper, and the teacher who
rules school by fear has no business in the
schoolroom get the respect Of the scholars
and there is no trouble. As regards music,
the boys are as apt and more so to have
their musical faculties cultivated as the
girls, and the boys are apt to play the piano
in case there is one in the house. am
afraid l should "appear" to sister who would
use me in the manner indicated by the writer
Of the article. am inclined to think she
would not enjoy herself with her gay com.
panions. What sight it would be to see
that mother What hallowed remembrances
that son must have Of home and mother
How deserving the appellation, &" mother"
We will not discuss this farther, as we are
inclined to think that there is more imagina-
tion than reality in the picture. Hoping to
hear from more awkward boys will sign
myself One OF THEM.
WaiSfeld, Oct. %.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13

to die soon after, If not before, the shep-
herds suspicious are excited and il is only
necessary to remove the lungs and cut open
the bronchial tubes to discover the worms
coiled up in buuches, like masses Of white
thread. A further examination of the Or
gans will probably lead to the discovery of
other forms Of thread worm in the stomach
aud intestines of these we shall speak
shortly, but IL is necessary now TO remark
that the relative Importance Of the different
forms of hematodes in the same animal is q
point which can only be determined by a
practical helminthoogist. Generally il may
be concluded that the worms in the lungs, il
they exist in large numbers, are sufficient to
account for the fatality among the flock
but the presence of threadworms in the d.
gestive organs is complication which must
not be disregarded in arranging the treat
ment or establishing measures Of prevention.
Remedies for worms in the bronchial
tubes must, as a rule, act indirectly. There
is no difficulty in killing the worms, if it is
allowed to kill the patient also but to find
a medicine potent enough to destroy the
parasites without injuring the host is not
easy.
Inhalation OF pungent vapors, if carefully
conducted, is beneficial, but by no means
specific in its effects. Chlorine, sui phurous
acid, asd the vapor Of carbolic acid have
been tried with partial success; but their
employment demands the assistance of
competent director, who is familiar with the
preparation Of the agents and their action.
Turpentine is the most popular remedy, and,
altogether, the most successful. A table
spoonful of the agent, with the same quanti-
ty Of linseed oil, should be given every day
for a week, the animals, meanwhile, being
kept on liberal rations. In fact, to sustain
the system by means OF nutrition and easily
digestible food is one chief part OF successful
treatment.
Preventive measures may, in accordance
with the state Of our knowledge of the dis
ease, be summed up in short sentence,
keep lambs off pastures which have been fed
off by sheep.-RuraL Ne'0- Yorker
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
For the VERMONT FARMER.
ABOUT BARNS.

Good barns are necessity on every we'll
regulated farm. BY this do not mean ex-
pensive structures, built with special refer
ence to outside appearances and costing more
than the farm is worth, but those that are
substantial, of sufficient size for the purposes
desired we'll located, aud convenient. 1t
used to be the practice in years gone by to
build thirty by forty foot barns, and if the
farm was large these we're scattered about 10
different directions, ostensibly for the pur-
pose of saving labor in drawing the hay to
one central point, and the manure back
again upon these fields, but really entallIng
as much in the extra time and work needed
in the care Of stock so scattered.
This has been found in most localities to
be a mistaken policy, also that one barn
large enough for the ordinary purposes of
the farm is much better than several smaller
ones, costing less in construction aud for re-
pairs, besides being much more convenient
every way, and effeeting considerable saw
lag of time and labor in the course OF a
year.
In some instances two Of these old.fash-
ioned barns have been placed end TO end,
elevated so as to make room for stable un-
derneath, aud il not Of sufficient size one
rooted addition put on one side, which an-
swers a very good purpose
The more room under one roof, other
things being equal, the better, therefore 1t is
usually found advisable to have what is
called basement stables, and someti mS ma
nure cellars under these.
A barn should be large enough and SC
proportional as to hold sufficient forage fol
the stock it is desired to keep in the stables
Some objections are raised against what
are termed underground stables, wherein the
manure is kept for certain length of time
In theory this may be wrong, 10 practice
whore proper care is taken in ventilation
letting out the stock for brief time each
day and not letting the manure remain iu
the stable too long before being removed, a
we'll as by the use of bedding aAd nbsOr
bents little difficulty is experienced. If th'
location is such that a manure cellar can b.
constructed under the stable this would b.
preferable, otherwise l should much rathe
keep the manure behind the COWS thai
throw it ow Of doors, as used to be tn
practice, and is now to some extent.
For this purpose thS stables should b
wide, affOrding plenty of room, with goo
chance for ventilation. A sink behind tn
COWS to receive the manure, both solid an'
liquid, with absOrbents, will be found con
Venisnt Stables built entirely of stone ar
not considered 50 good for stock as those o
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13

wood, but in barrels of this description II is
necessary to have some portion Of stone to
ensure strength and durability.
The idea that stock will winter just as
well in glc.boarded stable on the north
end of the barn. as in more comfortable
quarters, is now generally discarded, and
little danger is approhcnded Of getting the
stable too warm il properly ventilated.
Some farmers having water in their sta.
bles turn their cattle out only a few
times during the winter. II is convenient
to have water thus handy, especially in cold
or stormy weather, but otherwise | should
prefer that they should be turned out for
little time nearly or quite every day.
We have some good barns here in Frank
lin County, and will give brief descrip.
tion Of one, as some useful ideas may be OBJ
tained from it by those intending to build
1t is 100 feet by A, with ~ foot posts
above the basement which is 8 feet high.
The stable is built Of nicely quarried gran.
ite stone, found on the farm, making very
strong wall and good enough for house in
its outward appearance.
Aud here let me remark that many have
large, uusightly, ugly-looking stones up'n
their farms that are considered too hard to
do anything with. Many of these will be
found to split with wedges very readily in
to nice, straight blocks, and make the best
Of material for building purposes, and should
be reserved for this.
This stable will hold 81 head Of cattle,
and the ~ above fodder enough for them
About once month $50 loads of manure
are drawn out from the stable. The cattle
are confined in stanchions, being let out
usually every day to drink. There are two
floors running crosswise of the barn and
elevated eight feet above the stable. This
gives an excellent chance for unloading the
hay into the four commodious bays, that
will hold $50 tons when full. Under these
floors are two others that are used for stor-
ing anything desired.
One of my neighbors intends building
another year a barn l think 44x75, with
manure cellar, stable aud room for hay
above, the location being such as to admit
of this plan, but it is only now and then
such chances are found where it is desirable
to build, but barns with basement stables
are built upon a very slight incline iu many
instances, although it is better to erect
against something Of bank if it is possible
to do SO. f. r. TowLE.
West Berkshire.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
THE SoILING SYSTEM.

la Europe the soiing system is quite
common, indeed in many parts OF Europe,
it may b6 said to be universal. The Euro
pean writers on agriculture have therefore
been very minute in stating its advantages
and the details Of this mode of feeding.
These advantages are claimed to be the
following
First, that it is a great saving Of land.
Second, that it is great saving Of lenc-
ing.
Third that it is great saving of food.
Fourth, that the cattle are kept in better
condition.
Fifth, that it produces greater quantity
of milk.
Sixth, that it greatly increases the quau.
tity aud the quality OF manure.
The late Josiah Quincy adopted the soil
ing system on his farm in Quincy, in this
state, as long as sixty years ago, aud follow
ed it up for many years with highly salts
factory results, and claimed that he realized
every one of the advantages as mentioned
above He maintained that one acre ''soled
from" will produce as much as three acres
pastured. Many European writer's assert
that the difference is very much greater
than that, and fix it at seven acres, that is
one acre used for soiling will maintain as
much stock as seven acres pastured. But
then land is cultivated very differently there
and the one acre would be enriched aud cul-
tivated in succuent crops which would yield
an immense amount Of feeding material.
As to fences Of course it renders all inte-
rior fences entirely useless. All these can
be dispensed with, so that the plow can run
through any longth of land without the ex-
pense Of stopping aud turning, thus saving
all headlands and the great waste they en-
tail. 1t makes vast difference in the gen.
eral economy of farm management, whether
we are obliged to run short furrows and be
spending half the time in turning round, to
say nothing Of the nursery for weeds which
every old wall furnishes. 1t may often
make the difference between profit or a
loss in tarming operation.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13
THE DUTY OF WOMAN.

That it is duty which woman owes not
only to herself but to her family, particularly
to her children, to use care in the preserVa-
tlon Of her physical strength, no one will
deny. | know from experience that the. life
Of farmers wife is full Of toll. There are
many drains on her health and strength.
The farmer too must work hard, and while
| believe in his aiding his wife in all reason
able ways as the physically weaker vessel,
| do not believe in his doing the washing
and scrubbing, and getting the garden sauce
(unless she is decidedly unable from sickness
to do it) while she reposes" And while
am great lover of flowers, would scorn to
see my Moses spending his time in the flower
garden when he should be tending his corn.
believe in Moses and Aunt Debbie making
it easy for each other, aud that she, as we'll
as he, should have the benefit OF machinery
to tighten her tolls. The sewing aud wash.
ing machine, a good churn and wringer
should, it possible be provided for her, and
help hired when needed,--Auat Lacy Der.
ter, IN WesierA Farm Journal,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-11-13

of tho cattle, and these are thus always
kept mclean. Dark stables aud coats mat.
ted with dust are not healthful for cattle,
to say nothing Of the deteriorated condition
of the feed stored above them which is ex-
posed to all the foul air that rises from be-
meath. We greatly prefer to have the floor
above laid with m .tched boards, which will
prevent any dust falling through, and to
have the beams and under sides oi the floor
whi.ewashed. Ventilation may be provided
by spouts through which hay or straw could
be thrown down below, and which should
terminate in grated openings beneath the
caves