davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
Cold Ice.

Ice is simply water in a solid state In
ordinary conditions it begins to form at
temperature Of thirty-two degrees of
Fahrenheit's thermometer, and this is
the well-knOwn freeZing-pOint. Below
it the molecules of water become fixed
in the grasp Of molecular force; above il
they are separated by heat, and tall
asunder, forming liquid water. But to
this law are exceptions, in which water
may be cooled many degrees below
thirty-twO degrees, still remaining liquid.
In glass vessels exposed in open air
water kept perfectly still has been re-
duced in temperature fifteen degrees be-
low freezing, and in vacuum much
lower than this. In this condition there
is " tendency to freeze which is kept in
check only by the difficulty of making a
commencement" and the process begins
by the slightest jar of the water. Fine
particles of vapor or mist, and water in
fine capillary tubes, may remain unfrozen
twenty degrees or more below the freez-
ing point. Water thus cooled rises in
temperature the instant crystalliZatiOn
begins by liberation of its heat, and at
thirty-twO degrees becomes solid. But
ice may be chilled to any attainable de-
gree of cold. Prof. Tyndall reduced its
temperature 100 degrees, during which
process it shrank in volume and became
intensely hard From the blow of
hammer it broke with vitreous ring
From g Physics Of Ice," in Popular Scie1ace
MO7lthLY for AUqlst.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
Buying a Practice.

He is but a landscape painter" as
Tennyson sings in "The Lord of Bur
leigh" but once he was physician, and,
if his knowledge Of medicine was equal
to his knowledge Of art, he was a very
good physician. lie was younger then
than he is now, and he is not old, and he
was greencr-greener than any spring
foliage he ever painted, and spring foil
age, by the way, is a speciality of his
City born and bred, he made short
summer visit into the country, and, while
there, heard incidentally of country
doctor who wished to sell his practice.
lie was hesitating, was our young friend,
about his final choice of a profession,
having failed to procure any but poor
patients, who could not pay, and having
also failed opaint any but poor pictures,
which would not sell. 1t was an even
thing with him whether he became Il
starving artist or remained a starving
physician. He was earning no money as
either, nor was he likely to i'll the city.
Why not try the country? lis inhabit-
ants were honest and supplemented, he
had somewhere read, and what, with the
heat of the sun and other noyelpeculiar-
tiles, they were, he thought, more liable
to sickness than the deniZenS of Il
1AONACo VI NOl ldllllN lIIS NhllNtlCu
were, for were they not perpetually eat
ing green fruit? Yes, he would try the
country if, after looking into the prac-
tice that was to be disposed of, he could
see a living in it. He called upon the
disposing practitioner, who was but a
little older than himself-an atfable,
goodnatured young fellow, though rath-
er verdant, he thought. The verdant one
was willing to "vamoose the rancho" as
he remarked, for, between ourselves,
there is lady in California who is at
tached to me, though you wouldn't think
it, perhaps" but about your praC-
tice?n " | won't sag anything about it.
But tomorrow, if you like, say to-mOr-
row forenoon, I'll harness up and you
can see for yourself. 1t is not sickly now,
l must tell you, but it's going to be soon,
especially among children and old folks
Men like you and l might live forever
here, only they have no such men Plenty
OF money, though. Ny horse remembers
the house of every patient in the neigh
borhood, and stops of himself at their
doors. You can jot down the numbers
as we jog along, and decide whether
you'll buy me out or no. And now sup
pose we adjourn to the tavern l want
to smoke. Mustn't smoke in nv office
you know. Here's a cigar you can smoke
Try it." They adjourned to the tavern
smoked, and came to an agreement re
garding the sum to be paid for the prac
tice, past, present and future-espeeiall,
the future
The next forenoon the pair drove
through the town, or rather the countr,
doctor did, and was considerable timt
about it, so often did the noble anima
that drew the buggy stop. Why, Doc
tor nearly every person in the tow
must have been under your hands" re
marked the delighted cit, keeping a men
tai tally of the stoppages. 8 4es-sup
pose scat one time or another. &c
up!" It was a constant get up.' to tn
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

horse, who appeared to remember his
masters practice better than his master
did.
1t was purchased at once for a good
round sum in cash, and that very after
noon the retired practitioner proceeded
to the station, accompanied by two or
three acquaintance who We're enjoying
something hugely. Best thing outr'
said one. Beats all, replied another
eh, Doc?" "Tol lol," he answered
coolly The train stopped, took him on,
and went screaming away with its pre-
cious freight-that atfable, good-natured,
verdant young person, who was going to
California, where he had tender attach
mentl
Days passed, and no patients. More
days passed, and still no patients! What
did it mean? Mean? it meant that
there was no practice there! The coun
try NJ. d. had borrowed the horse of the
milkman! That's all!
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

have the great responsibility of the
charge of boys: Give them lathe, or a
set of carpenters or even blacksmith
tools. Give their mind turn toward
the solid and useful side of life. You
will soon see the result in increased &C
tivity of their thinking capabilities and
the direction of their ideas toward prac-
teal results; and, still more obviously,
in the avoidance of idle mischief and
nonsense Ito omit all reference to abso-
lutte wickedness and moral degradation,
which are, to too great an extent, the
pastime of the generation which is to
succeed us.-Scle7atifc american.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
Pure Water for Mich Cows.

ALTHOUGH water added TO milk may be
obnoxious, proprletors of mich cows
cannot expect that the udders will be
extended with the delicious liquid unless
the animals can have access to a gener-
Gus supply of clear water. During the
sultry days of summer pure water for
cows is as important as grass. When a
cow is thirsty she must be supplied with
water or the process of cOncOcting milk
will be more or less arrested. Hence
the quantity of milk will continue to
diminish. Soon after a cow has hlled
herself with feed of any sort there VIII
be a demand for water. But if the AMI
NAL cannot obtain a supply the partially
masticated feed in the rumen VIII soon
begin to heat and ferment, causing de-
rangement of the entire system.
1t is bad policy to require mllcn cows
to drink at ponds Of standing water,
which is a prevailing practice in many
sections of country When animals are
allowed to 60 into the water and to
stand in il. unless there is a running
stream. the water will soon be fouled
and unfit to drink. In such instances it
will cost only trife to dig shallow
well. provide large trough and draw a
generous supply every day either with a
cheap pump or bucket A pail of water
is as refreshing to a thirsty COW or horse
as goblet of ice-water to thirsty
laborer.-Neao York Herald.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
The Falling Apples.

ALTHOUGH this is set down in the cal
endar for an apple year and the full
blossoms promised a good yield, we al
ready observe great quantities of the
young fruit dropping upon the ground.
There may be enough left upon the trees
to make fair return if they were safe
and certain to mature in good condition.
Unfortunately the fruit already upon the
ground contains within itself sufficient
Larvae OF insects injurious to vegetation to
insure not only the ruin of all this years
crop but of next years too.
Anybody who will examine these little
apples with a iack-knife will find inside
OF them and devouring the seeds the
larvae OF the apple-moth, tiny, pinkish
worm not more than half an inch long.
The egg from which this worm grew was
laid in the blow of the apple almost as
soon as the apple was set after blossom
ing. The Larvae eats the seeds and soon
pushes out of the apple to find new
nest, usually under the scales of the
bark OF the tree itself, whence it issues
as moth in season, according to Trim
BILE, for another raid upon the fruit this
year: it will get back at all events to
spend the nine inclement months under
the bark-scale, whence it will issue next
cuiILuCI. W repeat ln6 process.
The remedy is first to pick UP
the apples as they fall and treat them
IN some way to destroy observation-disclosures
second, lest some of the Larvae have al
ready left the apples, to intercept them
on their way up the tree. This may be
done, according to the same authority
above mentioned, by binding the tree
two or three times around with hay
wlthes, in which the worm innocently
nestles, and where it may be found and
killed by removing the withes occasion
ally. Now is the time to do it.
Most of these fallen apples also bear
the mark of the curculio, a little crescent
shaped disColoratiOn with a dark dot on
the cOncave side. Careful fruit growers
jar these insects off the trees upon sheets
in the early mornings of June, and kill
them one by one. The best that can be
done now is to lessen the next genera
ton by destroying the apples in which
their eggs are planted, if the worm is not
already bred and descended into the
ground. A drought like that of last sum-
mer is supposed to endanger those insects
near the surface of the ground by parch-
ing, but there is manifestly no lack of
them this year The curculio, it is well
known, ruins the plum completely, and
it destroys the natural beauty and much
of the flesh of the apple and the pear
Little can be done in battling with either
Of these pests, unless whole neighbor-
hoods will combine to pursue the war
fare.-Spr5RGfeld (NdSS.) Republican.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
The Leisure Time of Boys.

WE would suggest to the many par
ents who are perpleXed with the difficulty
of finding the wherewithal to amuse and
interest their boys, to give their lads
every possible opportunity of acquiring
a mechanical trade. The industry and
ingenuity of a boy of average ability may
easily be made to furnish him with a
never-failing source of amusement of the
best order. The boy who can produce
or make something already begins to
feel that he is somebody in the world,
that achievement of a result is not a re.
ward reserved for grown people only.
And the education of mind, eve and
hand, which the use of tools and mechan-
ical appliances furnishes, is of a great
and real value, beyond the good result
ing from the occupation of leisure time.
Having nothing to do is as great a snare
to the young as 1t is to the full grown,
and no greater benefits can be conferred
on youths than to teach them to convert
time now wasted, and often worse than
wasted, into pleasant means of recrea.
ton and mental improvement. The boy
whose time and mind are now occunipd
with marbles and kites may be Watt
Il Morse, or BesSemer in embryo; and
it is certainly an easy matter to turn
his thoughts and musings into a chan
mel which shall give full scope to his
faculties And to most bows the
use of mechanical tools is the most fas.
cinating of all occupations AS logic
and mathematics have value beyond
accuracy in argument and the correct so.
luton of problems, in that they teach
men the habit of using their rejecting
powers Systematically, so carpentry
turning and other arts are OF high i'm
portance. These occupations teach boy.
to think, to proceed from initial cause:
to results, and not only to understand
the nature and duty of the mechanical
powers, but to observe their effects, anC
to acquire knowledge by actual expert
ence, which is the best way OF learnin!
anything All the theories culled out o
books leave an impress on the mind an(
memory which is slight compared to tina
OF the practical experience of the tru
mechanic, Our advice is, to all VIII,
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
1" Cemetery SAM"

He was not reticent, neither was he
diffident: but he was glib OF tongue and
possessed MANY accomplishments which
are taught and appreciated through the
interior. He could jump into the air,
crack his heels together TOUR distinct
times in manner that betokened long
practice and a quiet determination.
When he found himself the center OF the
right sort of an audience ne could as
SHINE a nouchalant air and lead the con-
versation into the proper channel, when
he would begin counting upon his fingers
the number of private cemeteries he had
established, and then, fingers being in
sufficient, he would call for sheet of
Daper that the number each contained
might be correctly enumerated. His
first appearance in Eureka was made last
night, and he introduced himself as
& Cemetery Sam" gave the particulars of
his receiving the patronymic, and stated
that he was from Phoebe was a " gun
fighter" and asked if any were there
who doubted his statement. lie sioshed
around considerably during the evening
and by dint of suavity and terroT-each
applied as circumstances demanded-he
succeeded in loading himself with nectar
ere the midnight hour. Then he girded
UP his loins and declared his determine
ton to start q corpse-factOry, but IN order
that his victims might know who they
had the honor of being slain by he
thought proper to offer explanation, and
in doing so carried on sort OF informal
dialogue, asking the questions with
formal and grave eartestness and answer
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
RECIPES, ETC.

Always have the cheerful rays of the
morning sun fall upon your beehives.
A wine grower in California has just
completed a cellar capable OF storing
16,5O0 gallons.
1t is of no advantage to rub the sides
OF oeehlveS with aromatic herbs or so
luton of salt or other substance.
For mildew of grapes, mix sulphur
with an equal quantity of fine air Stacked
lime, and apply the powder to the vines
ana foliage with a bellows.
If several days of rainy weather
should succeed warm coming OF, bees
may die of famine if timely relief of
money Is not given them.
For cookies, take two teacups OF
sugar, one egg, one-half cup OF butter,
TWO teaSpoonfuls of baking powder, one
teacup nearly full of cream; flour to roll
out; mix as soft as possible; add flavor
ing to suit taste.
For making steamed brown bread,
take TWO and One-half cups OF milk, sale
ratuS to Sweeten, little salt, two eggs,
TWO cups corn meal, one cup shorts or
wheat meal Graham -four, steam about
three hours.
10 prevent overheated horses from
suffering from that cause, to one pint of
water put an ounce of chloride of am
MONA, one ounce sweet spirits Of inter,
one dram Of tincture aconite; give a
tablespoonful every hour or two.
10 tell good mich COW: She must
nave Well-developed chest, healthy
dlgeStlVe apparatus, the mammillary
glands must be perfect and the udder
must be soft and pliable, elastic as a
piece OF india-rubber to the touch,
whether the bag is full or empty.
For white cake, take one cup sugar,
one-half cup butter, one-half cup sweet
milk, whites of three eggs, beaten to a
roth, one and a half cups flour, with
two even teaspoons baking powder
stirred IN the flour, two teaspoOnfuls of
lemon extract; bake in a rather slow
oven.
TO keep eggs through the winter,
take small quantity of salt butter in
the palm of the left hand and turn the
egg round in it, so that every pore of the
shell is closed; then dry a sutfi-
cient quantity of bran in an oven (be
sure you have the bran we'll dried or it
Will rust. Then pack them with the
small ends down, a layer of bran and
another OF eggs, until your box is full;
then place in a cool, dry place. If done
when new laid, they will retain the
sweet milk and curd of new-laid egg
for at least eight or ten months.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

ing with cunning lightness, thus: who
was it inaugurated the graveyard at
Rocky Bar?-Guess it was Cemetery
Sam" "Who was it caused the first
orphan asylum to be started in Montana?
Cemetery Sam was the Teller" WHO
was it made public administrator rich
IN Eastern Oregon?-Im mistaken if it
wasn't Cemetery Sam who was it
that Here some one present, who
evidently thought the thing was becom-
ing monotonous, smote Sam heavily, and
the latter fell. When he arose he con-
tinued the mOnologue by asking. "Who
was struck by lightning just now?-If my
memory serves me right, it must have
been Cemetery Sam."-Eurekd (CaE)
E7gUeI
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
"NO More DucEs---N0 MOre Iniun."

OVER at WashOe City, the other day,
some men stopping at the principal hotel
while viewing the surroundings of the
place saw a large flock of ducks settle
down on hefurther side of Washoe Lake
and told the men he would go after them
if they would get him gun. In the
hotel they found an old United States
musket. This they loaded nearly to the
muZzle and, giving it to the Indian,
started him to the lake. After he had
gone the wags who loaded the gun for
him went to the upper story of the
house, and with opera-g glasses watched
the progress Of the noble red man. He
at last reached the spot where the ducks
had been seen to settle down among the
tules. Presently they saw the smoke
dart from the Indians gun, saw him fall
backward to the ground, and heard a
tremendous roar from over the lake-a
sound as though the gun had burst into
thousand pieces. Fearing that the gun
had indeed burst and killed the poor fell
low, the iOkers began to feel very guilty.
They fastened from the house and struck
around the lake. When they had got
about half way around they met the
Indian coming toward them. There was
a long cash across his right cheek bone
and his face was covered with blood,
but he had as many ducks as he could
hold in both hands. "Well, jim" said
they, "how did you make it," "Yes,"
said jim, lone more shoot um-nO more
ducks, no more njunw- Virginia City
(NeD) EHterDr5Se
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

1t can be done without interfering with
the end sought in the cultivation of anv
crop or species of plant
We believe the above brief hints will
be sufficient to show our agricultural
readers how they may improve the quail
ity of their hay and at the same time
save their meadows from needless rapid
exhaustion by merely cutting clover and
grass early-N Y. Sun.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
The Reason Why.

WHY does boiling fast render meat
hard?
Because the excessive action of heat
causes The albume of the meat to set
solid, crisps up the tieshy finers, and pre-
vents heat having a gradual access to the
interior.
Why, when a good soup or broth is re-
quired, should the meat be put into cold
water?
Because, as the heat is developed very
gradually, there occurs an intermixture
between the juices of the flesh and eX.
ternal matter The soluble and savory
parts Of the meat escape and enrich the
soup.
Why are stews generally healthful and
digestible?
passed over the place at the mention of
Colt or Jesu-men, women, little chill
dren, bowling ever before that name as
Because, being compounds of various
substances, they contain all the elements
of nutrition, and as the Office of the
stomach is to liquify solid food before
digesting it, the previous stewing assists
the stomach in this particular.
What causes the cracking noise when
lard is put in frying-pan?
Lard always contains some portion OF
water, and it is the expansion of this
water into steam, forcing its way through
the fat, which causes the cracking noise.
The heat at which fat or oil boils is much
greater than water. When the cracking
ceases the water is gone and when the
fat bubbles its heat is very high.
Why should fish or meat that is being
fried be frequently turned?
Because the turning assists the evap-
Grafton of the water. When the fish or
meat is allowed to lie too long steam is
generated under it and the steam is
driven off, the surface catches to the hot
pan and becomes burnt and broken.
Why is broiled meat so juicy and
savory?
Because the action of the fire harden
ing its surface seals up the pores through
which the juices might escape 1t acts
in the same way with the joints Of meat,
but steak should not be turned with a
fork, because the puncture of the tissue
opens an escape for the juices, and
wastes the best part of the meat-AmeT5-
car Patron
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06
Flowing Orchards Shallow.

IF the land is plowed near large fruit
trees the plOW should be adjusted to run
only few inches deep. The most plaus-
bic argument that can be advanced
against the practice of blowing the
ground around fruit trees of any kind is
the fact that every tree will send out a
system Of cOrOnal roots just beneath the
surface of the soil, which will again
throw out branch rootlets in a horizontal
direction, all of which will continue to
multiply until the entire surface of the
ground is completely occupied with open
mouths of hungry rootlets, ready to
drink in the first supply of nourishment
that is dissolved by the falling showers
1t is as much legitimate habit of a fruit
tree to provide a close network of roots
near the surface of the ground as it is to
send other roots downward into the
earth. Every fruit tree, most deciduous
ornamental and timber trees, as well as
evergreens of all kinds, when growing
on dry upland, will send down a long
tap-rOOt, for the purpose of reaching
moisture to supply the growing branches
during a dry period in the growing sea-
son. Let the tap-rOOt be removed, and
the tree will make but slow growth, be-
cause its habit has been interfered with
The same is true touching the upper
system of coronal or secondary roots near
the surface of the ground. These are
what are properly called the feeders of
the parent stem. They should not be
mutilated nor removed, as they usually
are cut off and torn away by the plow
All vegetation should be kept down
around fruit trees as far from the body
as the extremity of the longest branches,
by hoeing the surface over frequently or
by the application of a few inches in
depth of a mulch. Fruit trees may bear
well when every cOronal root has been
removed with the pillow; but if those
roots had not been removed the crop of
fruit would have been more abundant
Nor York PODer
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

a MAINE book-agent has been disabled
by the kick Of horse, and the PROPOSE
ton to give the horse a public testimo-
NAL creates no little enthusiasm.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

Queen bees are not all equally fruit
full. While some breed slowly, or not at
all, others will speedily increase in pro-
digious numbers.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

A SCIENTIFIC friend who had been
reading, with great patience, an exhaust
i've treatise on the velocity of light
says that he now knows how it is that
his gas bill runs up so rapidly.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1874-08-06

IT has been calculated that if Chicago
and St. Louis keep up their competition
in directories at the present rate each
will have population of ten millions by
the wear 1894.