davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Principles of Pruning Fruit Trees.

In an essay read before the Napa
Grange, Cal, by Mr.. w. H. Nash, he
gives the principles by which he is gov
erned in pruning fruit trees:
The vigor of tree subjected to prun-
ing depends in a great measure on the
equal distribution of sap in all of its
branches. Prune the branches of the
most vigorous parts very short, and those
of the weak parts long. Leave a large
quantity OF fruit on the strong part, and
remove the whole or greater part from
the feeble Bend the strong parts and
keep the weak erect. Remove from the
vigorous the superfuous shoots as early
in the season as possible, and from the
feeble parts as late as possible Pinch
early the soft extremities Of the shoots
on the vigorous parts, and as late as pos
sible on the feeble parts, excepting any
shoots which may be too vigorous for
their position.
The sap acts with greater force and
produces more vigorous growth on a
branch or shoot pruned short than on
one pruned long. The sap tending al
most to the extremities of shoots causes
the terminals to push with greater vlgor
than the laterals. The more the sap is
INSTRUCTED in its circulation the more
likely it will be to produce fruit buds.
The leaves serve to prepare the sap
absorbed by the shoots for the nourish-
ment of the tree, and aid the formation
of buds on the shoots. All trees de-
prived, therefore, of their leaves are liza
Bile to perish.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Remarkable Ducks.

A WRITER in Land and Water gives
some curious instances of the sensibility
of ducks to colors and musical sounds.
He once had in his garden border of
China asters of the most brilliant colors.
The ducks would congregate round these
and lie there for hours. They never
pecked at them as if they found snails
or slugs among them. They appeared
simply gazing at them as if attracted by
the gay colors. Another time he had a
large clump of very brilliant violet
flowers, which by their brightness shone
out from the rest of the border This
clump was like magnet to the ducks;
some of them were always around it.
One evening the writer had party of
friends. 1t was summer time, and the
doors of the sitting-room were open to
the lawn. One of the company com
menced playing on the piano. No sooner
was there pause in the music than two
ducks, which had by some means got
into the room, rose from under chair
and waddled all over the apartment,
quacking loudly. On the music COM
mencing the ducks crouched down, per-
fectly silent while it continued The ex-
pertinent was made several times with
the same result. That it was not sur
prise or fear which induced this behavior
was afterward proved, for on subsequent
occasions the same ducks would, upon
hearing the piano, leave the field and
come into the room to listen.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
The Donkey.

HAY watched the donkey with crate
deal ov pashunt anxiety.
They are about three foot high, and
sumthing like three foot six inches length
ways
They hay a normal appetight, and will
eat all the time, and more too.
They amt partiklar about their vittles,
and will try hard to swallo horse shu,
but seldum suckceed in doing it.
They are mostly ov grizzly gray cul-
Ter, and eat too mulch to ever get phatt.
The donkey IL one ov naturs jokes, a
sort ov pun, which never could see the
point to.
They are az sett in their ways az a post,
and are the only live thing that IL too
mulch for klub.
They will stand more pounding than
a sheaf ov wet oats without Smelling
out
hay seen them hitched up to kart,
right away after breakfast, and stay thare
pashuntly until sunset.
They are not hansum to behold, but
az a cluss study are az full ov interest az
a milestone with the letterings all Worn
off.
The donkey haz two ears, which stand
in the same relashun to the rest ov their
boddys that a steeple duz to church.
The donkey IL a sober and MYSTERIOUS
cuss, and will liy forever, or thereabouts,
and hay the same indelibe kast Of coun-
tenance TO the last.-Josh Billings, in Nee
Yo,I. Will,
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Chances of Living.

A MEDIeAIe writerc pfa ,ensinence has
been collecting evidence as to the chances
Of Fife which children have upon
being born, in different countries Our
of 10000 children born tits found from
official statistics that in Norway as many
.asg7 AS, or, roughly speaking, three ods
OF every four, live to be twenty Years of
age. In England only 6,627 SO live, or
7Ss fewer than in Norway In the
United States boys have nearly as good
chance Of life as in England, while
girls haveSaot.G But in France only 5,022,
or scarcely more than one out of two.
reach twenty While in Ireland no more
than 1855, or actually less than one o6t
Of two. attain that age. More surprising
still are the statistics regarding old age
Out of the same 10000, for example, we
dearn that IA NqrwFy 3,4s7, more than
one out sot Sthtee seach seventy; in
England almost one out of four; in the
United States, still rren only, one gut of
four-a tri1e higher than England; in
france !, nc, or about one ont Of eight
and half; and in Ireland only 1851, or
oses-Sas ldfaeleSen ana g haM. If this
table is to be depended upon, we thus
lsx6 Mssof sH~ eouha res n fAE .yosld
Norway offers the newborn child the
ncst chance Or iUMg 1ife; WINE meland
'o0efs shs Worst! HadS NShce, univer,
sally admitted to be.ao far rs soil and
Ecr4e Are eoncerned I one = Sheimosss
|aavored regions Of the earth o339 btt
t96 SA6H&l - IL 49, -
sWrs x.ssx1 - 800 e~uxzea<SKx. - -
1T tsk~ $ss ~ saNGe hAzDl, s06loco-
-nhtfSSekeines to run the railroads in
the United States and Canada.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Keeping Butter.

The ong-continued and general sum-
mer drought will undoubtedly cause but
ter to command high prices during the
coming winter High prices will also
stimulate production in many ways, but
this will be principally among those who
make dairying a special business; for only
they are enabled to take full advantage
Of supply and demand. Nevertheless,
much may be done by every farmer
keeping five or more cows, by extra feed
ing; and much may be done by SO making
butter that it will keep. A.
If butter be entirely freed from every
substance except the fat, it will keep as
well as lard; but this cannot be accom-
plished except through the aid of heat,
that is by melting and skimming. 1t is
erroneous to suppose that salt is neces-
sary to the perfect keeping of butter
1t will keep as well without salt as it will
with, if care be taken in the working and
if afterward kept at IA cool, uniform tenn
perature. When there are no foul odors
it will keep perfectly sweet year, and
retain its nutty flavor.
The Western Rurdl has time and again
called attention to the tact that, of all the
butter sent to the Chicago and other large
markets, not more than 5 per cent. is
really choice; that is, containing not
and preserving that delicate taste and
perfume easily discernibe but difficult
to describe Such butter will at any
time command from thirty to forty cents
per pound, and we should not be sur
prised if, next winter, it should be worth
more than usual
Ii is not necessary to reiterate here
what we have so often insisted upon as
to the various manipulations of butter,
cream and milk We want here only to
advise that, if the attempt to make but
ter that will keep for winter use has not
heretofore been successful, the trials be.
continued until9an article every way fine
be reac he'd There is less difficulty in
keeping butter from this time on than
for the previous three months. We also
advise that every pound be made that is
possible, for before winter is out, and
probably before it fairly sets in, such
prices viii be obtained for really good
butter as will make those who know how
to make. and preserve it sorry if they
have sold, and force those who do not
make it to believe that really good butter
is one OF the best paying commodities of
the farm Western Rural
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
A Base Robbery.

THE Paris correspondent of the Phila-
delphia Press writes:
"A very comical conclusion to very
ordinary theft took place the other day.
A sneak-thief entered gentleman s
apartment one afternoon BY means OF
false keys, and proceeded to ransack
drawers and closets in search of valua-
bles To his disgust he found neither
bles, 50 he finally concluded to treat him.
self to new suit Of clothes Accord
ingly he selected nice outfit, including
shirts, stockings and underwear, laid
them out on the bed, and proceeded to
remove his own garments, when, Just as
he had succeeded in doing so, he heard
some one open the outer door of the
apartment He scrambled under the bed
in all haste, and while lying perdu there
he heard the newcomer proving around
the room, opening drawers, etc, and
then finally heard him depart He then
crept out: but what was his horror to
find the second individual had been a
brother thief, and that not only the
clothes he had been about to put on were
gone, but his own suit as well. While
he was in the midst Of search for some
other garment he was again disturbed by
the opening of door, and this time he
popped into closet The last arrival
proved TO be the owner of the apartment
who. finding his furniture in disorder and
his caring apparel gone, proceeded TO
search for the malefactor, and soon dis
covered the poor, shivering criminal in
the closet He summoned the police
and gave him into custody. and the un-
fortunate fellow was convey ed to the
station-house, wrapped in blanket, and
piteously declaring that he had stolen
nottingham, on the contrary, he had
been robbed, basely robbed, Of all his
ri thipr {.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01

No MORE HERo1cs.-The deadly veg
etable alkaloids, such as Mercury,
Strychnine and Prussic Acid, cannot
cure disease or produce any but the
most disastrous results. Perhaps no event
has occurred of late years which is so
well calculated to disabuse the public
mind of belief in the efficacy of min
eral poisons and bleeding as the discov-
cry Of DR.. Walker, of California, of GER
tain medicinal herbs, whose healing prin-
ciples he has extracted and combined in
the form of VINEGAR BIrTERs. The cures
wrought by it seem marvellous. Its ac-
ton is mild and agreeable. but at the
same time rapid and effectual, and being
unimpeded by the presence of alcohol or
fermented liquor of any description is
attended withresults hitherto unachieved
by any remedial agent. The cures of
Bilious Complaints, Malarious Fever,
Dyspepsia, Rheumatism, Scrofula, and
all diseases arising from impurities Of
the blood attest the paramount excel
lence of this medicine, and justify us in
recommending it. 2
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01

LIGHTHOUSES are strange and lohely
homes for men to live in. Some of them
1epcEs1edpst,Uag the ocean, with the
land seasesay M~sfgAt, and the restless
sea forever beating and moaning around
them. The keepers of these do not see
other human faces than their own in a
quarter of ayeaI highland day they
are on the watch, gladdeued awhile by
a sail that appears for little while and
then floats out Of sight, below the hori-
zon. They might be out of the world for
all they knoweof it's comccrns its losses
and gains, its battles and its victories, the
changes that each day brings forth. There
are other lighthouses situated on the
coast, but SO remote that they are never
visited and others that are surrounded
by the civilization of a fishing village,
and on summer days are crowded by
fashionable people from the neighboring
watering places. But for the most part,
except in the approaches to fourishing
ports, they are built out on the farthest
margin of the land, on ar-reaching capes
and peninsulas, onirons bound headlands,
on detached rocks and sandy shoals. The
light-slips are Still worse of, anchored as
they are in stormy waters, and forever
rolling, plunging, leaping in perpetual
unrest, clipped of their wings, while 9th
er vessels. are passing and repassing,
shortening sail as they enter port and
spreading the canvas as they start out
anew.
The lightships are manned by men
alone, but in the lighthouses the keepers
are allowed to have their wives, and
children are born unto them and brought
up with the sea and the sea birds and the
distant ships. for companions. Many
pretty story or poem has been woven
about children living in this fashion
They learn the secrets and wonders Of
the sea, and feel glad when it sings soft
ly on the calm days and sad when its
bosom is rutfied and white in the storms
Their little heads are full Of strange fan
cies about nature, and do not believe
they could understand or enjoy the life
that you and lead at home Somehow
| cannot think Of them as real children
They seem more like water-sprites that
have their home in the blue depths
among other delicate plants that blossom
there. But they have lessons to learn
from school books, and a great many
things to do in their fathers household
Their life, with al its romance, is not
one of idleness, you may be sure.-W
II. Rfaetag, IL 81. Nicholas far October.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Danger From Bee Stings.

THE sting of bee prevents more than
any other thing the advance of bee-cu[
ture. Old bee-keepers laugh at this,
but it is no light matter. Death often
results from bee-sting Twas assisting
friend to hive a swarm once in July.
1t was very hot day. We got them
hived; but just as we were leaving, bee
stung my friend on the temple. Ipulled
out the sting and we went on into the
house.
In five minutes the effects of the sting
were fearful He broke out in little
pimples all over the body, and said he
felt as. though million needles were
running into him. We were alarmed and
sent for a doctor. The doctor came and
succeeded in overcoming the poison, but
II was some time before he felt like him.
self again. We attributed this scurious
effect to the state of his health and the
heat he was in at the same time.-Na
tionn1 Bee Journal.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Grasshoppers in China.

WE find in an exchange the following
account Of the way in which locusts-
that is, grasshoppers-are dealt with in
China: The local authorities, whether
civil or military, are held responsible for
the stamping out Of these insects rs soon
as their appearance has been reported.
They are required to summon a large
body OF men, and at once surround and
destroy the loeusts, the expenses of the
maintenance of the men and compensa
ton for the crops trodden down during
the chase being supplied by the Provin-
cial Treasury. Should the local author
tiles succeed in stamping out the locusts
within limited time their services are
favorably reported to the Emperor; but
should they fail, and the locust spread
and do damage, they are liable to be. de-
prived of their posts, arrested and hand
ed over to the proper board Tor punish :
ment. Ascertain sum per bushel is paid
TO peasants bringing in unwinged locusts,.
and half that sum when the locusts are
able tc fly, while compensation is given
for crops trodden down in the chase
The locusts are swept with besoms into
trenches dug at the sides of the corn
fields, in which vigorous fire is kept up.
The best time TO capture locust is when
they are feeding at dawn of day. when,
their bodies being heavy with dew. and
their wings wet, they are unable to jump
or fly" If the Western States or any
parts of them are to be visited by the To-
Gusts in thesfuture as they hayesbeen~ of
late years, some system of defense win
have tobe adopted. Under existing cir
cumstances the use of men inlarge num-
bers is impracticable, and the ingenuity
of inventors or scientists is our only
hope. The prospect, it must be con
fessed, is not very cheering, forthe vast
uninhabited regions afford breeding
grounds which effectuallyAdefy all at
tempts at determination. - Christian
CaSon
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01

and has considerable more substance in
the stalk and ears. plant Immediately
after my corn crop and cultivate often.
Last year / commenced cutting and feed
ing July Is. have grown forty tons
green to the acre. If do not need it all
for feed before frost, cut and shock
the same as other corn and let it stand
in field until wanted. I have had 1t stand
until 1st Of May in good condition; it
makes excellent winter feed. l feed in
the stable and feed literally If there is
any left Of the butts l carry it in the
yard, where my hogs chew every stalk
left from the cows. It also makes excel
lent feed for horses, beef cattle or pigs.
/ cannot recommend it too highly-Neas
York Herald
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
Opportunity to Try an Organ Before
Purchasing.

j. Many person is half persuaded that
a Cabinet Organ would be capital
thing for his family; worth much more
than its cost Yet they are not sure
that it would be permanently valued,
but fear that after few months use
the family would tire of it, and so it
would prove a poor investment. The
Mason & Hamlin Organ Co. now offer
their famous Cabinet Organs on terms
which will satisfy all such. They will
rent an organ with privilege of purchase.
The party hiring may try it as long as he
pleases, paying only the rent for it while
SO doing. If he concludes to purchase
within year, all the rent he has paid is
allowed and deducted from the price of
the organ.-Erch.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01

In looking over an old newspaper
QS53), we find letter written by a
young lady, who, owing to family misfor-
tunes found it advisable to emigrate to
Australia with her brother their whole
capital to start with being $500. Both
were strong, active and hearty, and
though brought up in luxurious and
fashionable style they resolved not to
be particular as to any reputable line Of
industry that might cast up. On reach
ing Melbourne, which was then in its
rudimental state, they found they could
net encounter worse .ineonveniences at
the old-dlggings, and thither they went.
"Iwas resolved,n says the lady, "to
ACCOMPANY my .protherand his friends to
the diggings, and felt that to do so in
my proper costume and character would
be to run unnecessary hazard. Hence
my change. Icut my hair intosa very
masculine fashion; purchased d broad
felt hat, a sort &of tuhe or smock Of
coarse blue cloth, trowsers to conform,
boots of miner; and thus parting with
my sex for a season q hoped a better
one) behold me an accomplished candi-
date for mining operations and all the
perils and Inconvenience they might be
supposed to- hiring Al Ills txsnst srma-
ton took Place with Franz land Mr.
Ms sanction; indeed, it was he who
first suggested the change which |
grasped at, and.ilrproved on, could not
bear to be separated from Frank, and we
all felt that | should be safer in my
male attire than if I exposed myself to
the dangers of the route and residence in
my proper guise. We have now been
nine weeks absent from Melha1fne, and
have Hiedkthree Localities, at Ahe latter
Of which we have bsen most Fortunate
We are near wster q first rate article)
and our tent is pitcAsd on the side Of Us
IHetaysa valley as you cold wiAs TO visit.
Ihave for myself a sort Of Supplement
airy canvas chamber n which sleep,
cook, wash clothes-thati IS, my own and
keep watch and ward over
heaps Of. sgolddust and nuggets the
sight and touch 4of which sinspirit me
when grow dull; which, seldom do, for
Fhavc constant dropnsrs il and 20 own
the truth, exen in my palmiest days !
Heyer W. teeated with greaiss posrtesy Or
respect 90 eafrse, my. ssx js general ~
knownsz I3Aaesssalleds : AE0 Hasryl I'm
:abtrs2 htipi Is TO :.tut H. i'm
- - - -.
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
= Be True TO the Little Ones.

PARENTS sometimes set very bad ex-
amples to their little ones in the way of
not keeping their promises. Little Sallie
asks you to bring her some candy when
you come from your walk, and you, to
please her, say " Yes" You have shop
ping to do, or you meet friend; you
pay visits and the time passes. Before
you notice it you have left the candy
store several blocks behind you, or you
are on the car on your way home. The
thought Of Sallic's disappointed little
face gives you momentary pang; but
you console yourself by saying, oh, I'll
run out and get her some tomorrow.
That will do just as wellr'
It will do just as well. Your lightest
promise, made 70 your, youngest child,
involves your honor quite as much as any
promise you make to anybody in bust
ness or society. 1t would be far better
to go back mile. or two miles, even
though you should be tired completely
by the additional fatigue, than TO break
the most casual word spoken to little
AN sH
child, to whom you are the representative
in the world, and for whose training you
are responsible to God. Be careful how
you make promises or threats-but, hav-
ing made, keep theme ~ f5
Some people wickediy teach their little
ones TO tell Hes, by imposing upon their
infantile ignorance by talk of mythical
black men, rats, dark holes and terrific
things generally that win happen or
come.to them If they do or do not GER
tain things. This, it seems TO US, falls
very plainly under what Jesus Calls c6esd-
ING. the little ones, and there can be no
censure too severe for anything so cruel,
SO mean and SO false To sula up the
Wheels mattet; 1fyypu want your chill.
dren fo'be true, be utterly true. es II
GOD, sigh, yoqrsely4s Clssstian At
m u 4 - E&
The Toledo chronicle. [volume] (Toledo, Tama County, Iowa) 1873-1924, 1874-10-01
I, 81 natbinSs; hours the society bjsts il.

{, 81 n.tb;n .; hours Our TIE society b5sts ID
out. In case of rescue . battery is ap-
piled, but the process of artificial r6Sf ira
ton is intended to be made useful where
ciple can BE h51s genefafto III. which,
if it be true, which is very likely, is quite
handy to have in the memory-foE-fatase
action. Apart from the singular method
by which Nh. " hite illustrated LIS pys-
TEN az the risk ofdeath and the certainty
of an asphyxiated condition, his practi-
cal ideas of rescuing life in the water
are certainly worth remembering. Mr..
White and the Royal Humane Society
may not have intended to initiate Mr.
Squeers' theory Of the seminary pony, but
they certainly must have heard Of him.
st. Louis Republican.