The Andrew County Republican. [volume] (Savannah, Mo.) 1871-1876, 1874-08-28

tions are increased in price. giving them thus
an Incidental advantage, which necessarily fol-
lows. For more than hall a century there has
been q struggle on the part of domestic producers
to give the incident the place Of the principal OBJ
Ject.. SRch a course, In fact, s. equivalent to
making and collecting a general tax 10 favor
particular interests.
In lSS3, the Congress of the confederation es-
tablished q tariff of duties; and, in l7S9, Mr..
Madison, snder the ncw Government, proposed
the same, which consisted OF the following
ltcIRs, on wtich he proposed specified duties, the
amount being left blank: on rnsf-; on spirit
Tous iietOrs-; on mOlassess-; on Madeira wines
-; on common Bohea teas; on pepper; on
brown sugar; on loaf sugar; on ali other su.
CARS: on cocoa and coffee on all other articles
per cent. on their value at the time and place
OF iR deportation. Such WAS tfc beginning of our
tlrlbs, which are now swollen to pages upon
pages, ana are nearly as unstable ms the winds.
They do not remain at one point long enough for
the buSFesS of the cOEntry to accommodate
Itself to them as it would in time. These perpet-
ualchanges are profitable 60 the few and ruinous
I TO tle many. When changes are sought for the
benefit Of q class, their extent is by
the number, and extent is necessary to secure
Votes to make them. Sectional and local inter-
ests arc attended to, or overlooked, rs this ne
ccssity shall dictate. There have been over fifty
laws enacted IN relation to duties on iraporta-
lions, and 1t Is obvious that interest, and not
principle, determine what shall he done. While
the constitution declares expressly the object of
tariff @1tles, no ether can supersede or exclude
that object. 1t is legally impossible that there
~ - ah'N DIIN VII lIf
same subject, under the constitution. The for
iner necessarily excludes the latter; and this is
the lEore clear when the implied one conflicts
with that which is expressed. If duties higher
than the necessities of the treasury REQUIRE are
imposed for the bcReiit OF Opc class, they must
be paid by those who do not receive projection.
Under the hiSh-tarIf theory, s. clause IN the con-
stitutlon for raising rcvenue by duties on lRlpor-
taJur, Imposes, in legal effect, two distinct tax.
es-one for the treasury, and another for a class
engaged IN particular branches of business, by
way OF protection. In other words, under
u clause in the constitution, which declares that
shall be Uniform throughout the Uni
tel states, there shall III. two taXrs-as-e direct
Tor the Government, and the other indirect upon
one class OF people, for the exclusive benefit of
another. The constitution gives no countenancc
10 any sSch construction. All it demands is da~
ties to pay debts, and for common defensc and
general welfarc-nct the welfare of a class, or
a section, of the cOcnIry. There is no rational
lFt'enSa of authority To enable one class TO Law
anu collect duties Tor another class. A lcyisla-
non which imposes two taxes upos one part Of
the community, and but one on the other, has no
Justification. IL is in CONFLICT with the principle
Of equal rights, ppon which cur government
rests, ami without which We can never live in
harmony AMI quiet, and enjoy prosperity.
Although the tendency Of protective duties il
In faVer Of Rtaking us dependent only on our
selves fr supplies, ii csn never fully accomplish
thnt purpose, becavSe aiarge number Of Srticles
We Use can Only Zee obtained abroad. kut any
slich assumed Independence has its accuIspauy-
ing evils of great magnitude. II tends To destroy
cur cn'fif'crcc and our commercial arinc, from
which our navy is supplied with bold and hardy
%ssllors. Besides, II dc,rircs lis of markets
abroad for our pr~iucti.sIs. in rxchange for
which W" receive foreign productions. Few ma
lions become buyers " hen they are not sellers.
~ Is iHiltos.ih'c t'at any nation could long do
this. mmcr carries abr"Ri the products
which We can spare, and brings others in return
which We nce'i. This gives employ In.nt to ship
b~uIlirIs, stalncn ami merchants. The nations
of the earth will neither know nor respect us if
WchaNe no commerce. 1--we have none To aid and
project, orr navy would, of necessity, li-ap-
pear from The seas n no longer OF practical Use.
III We lock ourselves M a. clf-,t-pcudcui and
cease To he largely BUYERS and sellers, our Treas
ury would soon collapse, ami increased Internal
t.Ncs must lee imposed 'to iLay this debts, and
provide for the common defense and general
welfare at The tnit,-t Staics.h l.,
the great ~ciyi'iZcr, AMI teaches us IN. improve
lhcnts made throughout the world; and any pol
iry which fails To place agriculture and com-
nicrrc on a. favorable u footing a. any other
interest, l. unconstitutional, and can not long
o"hi!nuc, Without the most tninuu- con-.-
gucilccS. III" true rule is, equal and exact JUS
ttre {" all, AMI special iiyors To- nnnr. The con-
~stt'iti"n means This, Ini sound policy demands
II. There must bc u true I,rinri;ilc in framing
tariffs n we'll u other laws, and this principle
can not b" II vibrating 81 changing one. II j. al-
WaNr applicable. u duties arr too low, the re-
cripts pi the treasury viii he too small. and if
:" high rs {" hc prohibiting, tn" effect will he
III" same. That rate should tr adopted which
VIII produce the largest amount OF necessary
revenue, taxing only II limited number of arti-
ci">, and mclutlng in the free list ~ many of the
absolute and common n"rrS-aric- of life a, the
wants of the treasury will permit. Such rates
can bc arrived ~ with fplrrIble certainty, by Il
'lIligrni comparison al our commercial and tlnan-
cial table,. In such examinations. the original
AMI complete statistics should lc examined and
rciir'i upon without Reference" N compilations
and REPORTS, which ART often 80 framed rs 10 lead
the mind toa dc-ir,-! conclusion. In Congress
may bc found many compilations made, not for
III" purpose oI developing truth, hut 10 sustain
ln. Ill. al ft.- Anr-4 -, .-I L. IL
Try l. mislri Clerks, in departments. hav,. been
furnished with propositions ami directed Ia
make compilations III >tati-tics Ia sustain them.
TO BE- cOIfIHuod.