davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
For the VERMONT FARNER.
INDEPENDENCE OF THE FARMER.

Farmers are the most independent class.
1t matters not whether their products bring
a small or high price-thcy have in their
granaries a sufficient store. There is no
other class that enjoys so much of the best
of earth's products as those who till the soil,
and further, there is no class better paid.
| DO not wish to be understood that every
man who works upon the farm receives as
much in return as many merchants, profess
siona men, and the like, but simply this:
Men in all pursuits are paid just for the
amount Of talent-mmd-use in their busi-
ness. A man may not be able to read or
write, yet he can dig ditch and receive pay
for what physical power he has used. Dc.
velop the man and you find him receiving
large prices, because brain instead of Drawn
is employed.
The only class of farmers who complain
are those who make slaves Of ofthemselvcs and
their families, with no time to rest, with no
time to attend social gathering, nothing,
in fact, but to delve on the farm. Now
these men will ever complain Of hard times,
aud the poor pay the farmer gets, and won
der they cannot be as lucky as their neigh
bors who do not work half as hard. Such a
man ought to give up his fOrm altogether,
as his lucky neighbor would employ him and
pay him price for his labor that would feed
and clothe him and his family better than
he is able to do when trying to manage a
business he is not adapted to. Many a man
has made the great mistake Of choosing a
business for which he was not fitted, Thus
merchants fail, professional men are without
employment, aud farming is degraded in the
eyes Of the young by the bad management oI
few.
Let the farmer attend to the business OF
the farm with the same care and attention
that the successful merchant or manuiactur-
ers gives to his business and he vii! find br
little to complain Of, nor occasion to envy
those men their success.
Why is it that farmers are so dissatisfied
with their condition ? Are their complaints
real or Imaginary Is it not rather the re
suit of increasing wealth and an improved
condition in all their surroundings Intel
ligent enterprise will always bring success
while enterprise without intelligence will al
ways bring its possessor to want.
Dell Farm, PaSsumpsic. II.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
For the VERMONT FARMER.
PAPER MONEY.

Your correspondent rs. f." assumes that
civilized governments make two kinds OF
money, wiz: paper and metallicl but in
point of fact paper never has aud never can
amount to anything more than evidence of
contract. The fact that people are forced
to make promises a medium Of exchange
does not make the said promises the reality
they undertake to represent, the reality
being a certain weight of gold or silver.
Authority cannot afix values; it may
affect them to limited extent. The value
of promise to second party must always
depend upon the confidence that the first
party will fulfill the promise or contract,
and gold having been since prehistoric times
the most constant in its relative value to
other property, its price in open market in
exchange for anybody's promises is sure
indicator of public opinion in regard to said
promises.
The refuge of parties forced to exchange
property Of intrinsic value for promises OF
doubtful value, is to enhance the price.
Thus authority holds but one end of the
rope, while the people hold the other
Creditors have been forced to take govern
ment promises at par for all debts prior to
1861; these promises they have exchanged
for other promises of government bearing
interest aud thereby become bOndhOlders.
The fact that both these promises have been
worth less than par IN open market has no
bearing whatever in the case, for the bonds
were paid for in what should be an honest
mans most acceptable currency, to wit :
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

his own obligations to pay dollars, or cer-
tain weights Of gold or silver.
The real expense Of the war was caused
by the enhanced price Of army supplies, of
which we farmers reapod very fair share,
aud have now no right to complain Of any
other class. The mistake Of government
was in undertaking to make paper promises
perform the Office of gold. The mistake Of
the people was in refusing the accommoda-
tion by enhancing prices, and now we must
all help to pay for that mad dance of death
A. d. MARcKREs.
East CratlsbMrN.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
JOHNSBURY FRIDAY,

silver was used as a common standard, TO
place commodities in any definite relation of
value to one another; although the hoard
ing, Of gold in particular, was step toward
this further development.
"The only commodity which approxi-
mates in the actual usage exhibited by the
poems, to a measure of value, is the OK;
for in this alone are other commodities
priced. The arms of Diomed are worth
nine oxen; those of Gancos are worth
hundred.
"And VIC have from Aeschylus, in the
Agamemnon, that the figure Of an OK was
the sign FIRST imprinted upon a coin; doubt
less one intended to represent the equivalent
in the metal of the animal"
There is no doubt that the earliest coins
Of Rome were stamped with the figure OF
sheep which, as every Latin scholar knows,
is the cause Of the application of the name
pecunia to money. In this case, too, tho
coin doubtless represented the value Of the
animal whose impress it bore.
These statements sufficiently suggest to
the thoughtful reader the conditions of so =
ciety where the method of exchange is by
barter, and the difficulties attending trade
where the only measure of value is in cattle.
The inconvenience need not be described,
nor do we need to prove that piece Of sill
yer stamped with the image of an OK or
sheep aud equal to it in value is far more
convenient. If man did not wish for an
OK in exchange for his commodity, nor yet
for an equivalent barter because unable to
dispose of it, he could dispose Of the stamped
metal. Thus we see the initiatory steps in
the formation Of currency. This currency
is superior not only for its increased availa-
bility in the conversion into desired commod-
tiles, but because less unwieldly, causing less
fruitless care, aud less liable to sudden and
unforeseen losses.
Other reasons there are though not al
may here be mentioned. These metals are
not liable to sudden changes of value; il
would take a long time to add enough tC
the circulation in the world or to withdraw
enough to make an appreciable difference in
its value, while in a single year the cattle o.
a country might be more than decimated by
disease. Again the waste and wear Of th'
precious metals by use is remarkably small
But what very greatly enhances their util-
ity as a medium Of exchange is the fact that
their use does not withdraw one particle o
useful production of wealth. This does no
exist in the case Of any other object of val
ue which is in sufficient abundance TO bt
used as currency.
These and other reasons were eff ;ient il
forming at very early date the currency
OF precious metals. Various stages of thi
development have been indicated. In fac
all stages of this developement may be seel
at the present day.
The question is suggested how gold doe
measure value and what value is, but spac
forbids further discussion. ID.
81. JohnSJury, W.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

A correspondent of the Country Gentle
man says Experiments tried with the
dairy of the Eastern Pennsylvania Expert
mental Farm seems to demonstrate that
buekwheat bran is more valuable than wheat
bran for the production of butter. The
cows were fed lbs. of cut fodder, 3 lbs. of
cut hay, 81 quarts Of corn meal, and 81
quarts of wheat bran to each COW, fed in two
feeds. From IA milkings they gave 1852
lbs. milk, yielding III of cream, and 57s Of
butter. From similar feed with buckwheat
bran value for valuel, substituted for the
wheat bran, they gave 1864 lbs. milk, l2l
of cream, and 81 of butter. The difference
IN temperature was against the buckwheat
bran. In another experiment the same feed
was used, aud was well wet with hot water
twelve hours before feeding Fourteen
milkings gave l3lSa lbs. milk, l4O1 Of
cream, and 60l of butter. From these ex'
periments we obtain the following data
1890 lbs of milk yielded 37Si of cream,
which made l77l lbs. of butter or at the
rate of 2l lbs, Of milk to one of butter.
After weighing the milk of dairy Of twenty
common COWS, l have found that it required
very nearly twenty-five pounds Of milk to
make one Of butter.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
For tho VERMONT FARMER.
QUERIES.

Being farmer, and an ignorant one like
the majority of small farmers, | would ask a
few questions, and perhaps make few sug-
gestions through the FARMER.
Why does Vermont spend SO much money
to so little purpose in agricultural lectures ?
In electing officers but very few are men Of
science they cannot tell you what mineral
property is necessary to have in the soil to
grow perfect cabbage head or to properly
develop the wheat kernel. Having a few
lectures in the state does not benefit the
mass of farmers. But very few 60, aud that
few have way % farming as their fathers
had. Would it not be better to spend money
in educating boys not only in theory but
have them apply that theory to practice, and
90 before their brother farmers clothed with
knowledge, to convince them that their way
Of practical improvements is successful.
Fertilizers arc scarce. Let practically set
euti6c farmers be made Of our boys. Show
them how to make more and better fertili-
zers, and what to substitute for manure in
the growth of the several crops.
If the state would organize farmers clubs
in every town and procure suitable standard
agricultural works, and get farmers interest
ed, aud bring out their talents and the ex-
perieuce OF some experimentalsts, which |
think is more valuable than some imagine in
every community, it might be of great ad-
vantage to the farmers Of this state, when
they become conscious that they can grow
three spears of grass where one grows now.
IGNoRANCE.
C,eor1i1 Nop 30
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
INro rnE pRuNKARp,s GRAVE.

Into the drundard's grave
A youth is sinking now,
with sorrow in his heart
And anguish on his brow;
A youth whose hope once boamed
With sweet celestial, light,
Whose moral sky uncloudsd,
Looked all serene and bright.
Into the drunkard's grave,
Into the drunkard's hell,
He's sinking, sinking, sinking;
Death sounds the parting knell.
The parting knell how solemn
1t falls on a fathers ear;
A mothers heart is breaking,
As tear tails after tear.
Into the drunkard's grave,
A man in lifo's full prime
Falls from his dear wife's arms,
Falls from the wheel Of time
Wades through the Christians tears
Into the prison cell
Wades through the blood Of Christ
Into the drunkard's hell.
Into the drunkard's grave,
A man with falterins steps
Slowly, tremblingly walks
Through oil of Gods precepts,
Into the drunkard's grave,
Into the next worlds gloom,
Into the blackest darkness,
Into the drunkard's doom.
Into the drunkarts grave,
Into the drunkard's hell!
0, women! still pray on;
The news Of temperance tell.
o, tell it all around,-
Tell 1t to great and small,
Till, by the grace of God,
King alcohol shall fall.
-DITlgO RuT6
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

Hon 10 make Cloth WaterprOof-In a
bucket of soft water put half pound of
sugar of lead, and half a pound Of powdered
alum stir this at intervals, until it be-
comes clear, then pour it off into another
bucket, and put the garment therein, and let
it be in for twenty-iour hours, and then hang
it up to dry without wringing it, An Eng.
lish writer says that Scotch tweed can by
this process be made perfectly waterproof, so
that garments of it treated with the solution
will protect the wearer against the widest
storms.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

Anybody who wants to experiment in
hatchiug salmon trout and white fish spawn
will be sent few hundred on receipt of so
cents Ito pay for tho packagO,) by address
ing Seth Green at Rochester, N, Y. par
ties wishing to experiment in rearing the
young of the California salmon will be given
a few hundred by going to the New York
state Matching house, all applications to be
made during the month of December.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
During the drouth, those farmers who had

During the drouth, those farmers who had
a good patch of corn fodder got full pay for
their labor. In five cases out Of six, how
ever, farmers in this neighborhOod SOW their
fodder corn broadcast, and in a dry season,
when the green fodder would be Of most val
ue, the crop is burnt up. There is no fact
more clearly proved, think, than that corn
for fodder should be drilled in rows, and the
land kept clean and mellow by the frequent
use Of the cultiyator. Walks and Talks.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
WHOLE NO. 200.
&aotes' department.
MOTIIERHo0D


BY MRS. N. G. WILDE.
was sitting by the cradle
Where my latest treasure slept,
Feeling, Oh 80 worn and weary,
That bowed my head and wept-
Wept, that time, while fastening onward,
Bearing burdens 10 each door,
Had piled mine 30 high and heavy
Scarce my vision reached them Ger.
Why should I, youth scarcely over,
Be like heavy laden age,
Bearing meath weight Of trials
That would 6ll a three score page;
Strength Of mind and strength Of body
Failing surely day by day,
Till my whole life feels the tromor
OF their premature decay.
How life's sparkling draught grew leaden
As raised the brimming bowl,
And the heavy drops, pain mingled,
Left their impress on my soul.
Hush-the little one is waking
Mother did not chide her child,
But care saps the life-spring, making
Heart and brain with unrest wild.
Courage, heart, be calmer, stronger,
Faint not though the clouds oppress;
Through the RMS light is cleaning
With power to soothe and bless;
IT'S ray of dazzling brightness
Shooting out the earth's renown-
'Tis the pure, supenal halo
0f a untbarfu ornru,n
We're this life Of life the ending
And the grave our final home,
Could We give but care and birth name
To the little ones that come,
Knowing that their lightest portion
Was the need Of earthly fame.
And the fruits Of all their labor
Perished with the workers name.
Then indeed were cause to murmur
That our lot was so unjust,
Then might we'll the care-worn mother
Shrink from such burdening trust;
But thank thee, o my Father
Thou hast souls immortal given
For faithful mothers guerdon
In the restful home ofheayen.
All, forgive the sad repinng
That has dimmed my faith to-day,
Twas the weakness Of the body
That had led the mind astray.
IwiIl be NJ more unworthy,
But be proud as woman should
OF this trust so high and holy,
This sweet pifl of motherhood
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

Vermont has u larger water area, in pro-
portion to its size, than any other state in the
Union There are no less than 1879
acres of water, in lakes and ponds Of fifty
acres and upwards. Most Of these waters
have been left to their original fish, the
pickerel, dace, suufsh and sucker DR.. Ed
munds and DR.. Goldsmith recommend that
in place of these fish, black bass be substltut'
cd, and in some waters land-locked salmon
trout and whiteish. The black bass will
kill the pickere, and both Tor sport aud the
table is a much better fish,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

A California man has raised sixty tons OF
cabbages on three acres Of land, and got
$4,000, gold, for the crop.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

Tweeds mOnumont-Tho city haul.-N
Y. Mail.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04
Netmnnt Ratmtr
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
aT ST. JOH.N'SB II URI, VT.
ROYAL CUMMINGS, Pub'r and PrOp'r.
WIN. H. WHEELER, Editor.
TERMS, Always In Advance.

One copy one year. single wrappers bundles, $500
Three months, trial, ial,..........,..........., 90
club Rates.
Four copies one year, to separate addresses,. 500
Six copies, iu'Oy
And one copy free for svery ten.
All papers stopped when the subscription paid for
has expired.
United States postage will be paid by the publisher
aRer January /, 1875.
Money should by sent by postal money order, pay
able to ROYAL CUMMINGS, or by registered letter,
aAd when sent in either of these ways the safe trans
mission will be at our risk. money order for $40
or less costs but i've cents. Registration fees have
been reduced to eight cents Money sent by ordinary
letter will seldom fail TO reach US, but we do not as
sumo the risk.
subscriber wishing his paper sent To- different post
Office give tho Of the office II Is n0b sent TO
as well Rs the one Il Is 10 be sent 10.
The date your address label is the time 70 which
your subscription ie paid Any subscriber noticing
mistake in the date OF his label is requested to notify
the publisher at once.
Advertising Rates.
Legitimate business advertising rs cents per inch for
first Insertion each subsequent insertion, 50 cents per
IAsh. Special Notices, 80 per cent additional Farm
ers' advertisements and the like II paid In advance,
$500 IA inch pcr month. No lottery, whisky, or other
svindng embellishments inserted at any price. Cuts
must be on solid metal. Advertising space limited
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-12-04

The Ohio st ate grange has been incorpo'
rated under the general law Of the state,
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1874-06-07
Domestic Markets.

New YORK June 6.-The market for cotton on the
spot has been exceedingly slow throughout the entire
week. Values show fur Their shrinkage but this
cession has failed to stimulate the demand from any
source Shippers have no orde on hand, and for,
eign markets generally have shared in the dullness
noted here.
In dealings for forward delivery there has been
side, able irre2ulary. with occasional wide frctua-
tons. There has b en- apparent for any do
cded rregularity, a. the stock here amply SUI.
fcient to cover all contracts for settlement.
New YORK. June g. 1xenngcoton closed dull
Strict Good Ordinary 1879; Low Middling 177s; Mid
ding 1874; Middlng Alabama 1875 Mddling Orleans
Futures closed barely steady sales u.s. 500 as follows
Low Mddlng for June II ll32@l77s for July IT lisa
@1l7 11-l6, for August 1898 1872 for September II
1916 for October II l732@l7 9l6 for November IT.
| 5-16GD17S.
Flour is in buyers favor, common to fair extra,
Southern So 1901 Wheat l@2c lower. fair export
Pork he avy. $ls. Lard heavy. Coffee steady. Sugar
firm. Rice quiet. Naval stores firm. Freight
b, avy and lower; cotton, by steam, led.
CINCINNATI. June 8 Cotton dull; Middling 17A
Flour dull aud unchanged. Wheat quiet. 81 27@l 49,
Corn steady; mixed 65Qse7. Oats so@57. Pork quiet,
SIT 5o@lS Lard steady; steam 1Oa1@1ll kettle 1lH@
1l Bulk meats demand good atfull prices shoulders
s clear p, rib s a , clear ,o Bacon steady
mand fair, ma ket firm, 95. -
ST.. LOUIS, June Cotton quiet; Middling TN
Flour quiet and weas little doing Wheat, frmer :
bid Corn dull and dropping; No. 2 mixed 5s@S5s.a-
on track. Oats frmer. 45h on track. Whisky
steady 96 PROVISIONS quiet, only small JODDlng AM.
order tt ade Lard unchanged
LOUISVILLE, June Cotton quiet: Kidding tn
Flour quiet and unch ,nged Wheat dull; red 81 10
amber and white 81 Is. Corn quiet, 70@S2. Oats
quiet, 6o@65. Mess pork $13 Bacon-shouderss
IA; clear rib 1OA; clear 1913. sugar-cured hams.
1877 plain 124. Bulk meats-should,rs 6A; clear
rib 9ss; clear "a Lard, tierces 121z9l2k. Whiss
ky 50.
CHICAGO June 6.-Flour dull and nominal Wheas
closed dull; No. l spring Chicago 81 224; No. 2
spring 81 1914. Corn-demand fair and market firm ;
No mixed 571s; high mixed 57a@5S4. Oats
steady; No. 451a@45ss Whisky steady, demand
moderate 95. Fork steady. demand moderate, SIT CO.
Lard quiet and weak held at II. Bulk meats steady
with moderate demand; no sales.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1874-06-07
Me m ph is A fla IRIS.

MEMPHIS, June 6.-Thos. Tidwell, Presi
dent of the Pail Bearers, publishes card
this afternoon denying that members of the
society had threatened to sack the city be-
cause Of his arrest, or that the negroes drill
ing Thursday night were members of that
society.
He says it is true that there may be spirits
who are indiscreet in their language and
who may have threatened as published
bat such sentiment is not the feeling of the
large majority OF the colOred citizens OF the
city; and further that on Monday night
there will be a large meeting OF colored peo-
pie, at which a full expression of feeling
will be made.
As stated in the dispatcfes last night
there was an ugly feeling developing it
self, but to-day the indications are that it is
dying out.
Major Nathaniel j. Green, an old citizen
of this city, formerly prominent citizen of
North Carolina, was thrown from his buggy
near Mason depot, Wednesday, and died
from the effects of the injuries received.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1874-06-07

FOR THE SUFFERERs.-The amount OF
contributions received yesterday at the
Mayors office for the berefit of the sufferers
by the overflow, was S3O6 90 Total re-
ceipts to date Sl63,69l IS.
From the report of Capt J. n Paine, the
energetic chairman of the Purchasing Com
mittee. we take the following:
I'VE have received from the United States
Government, Cos bbls pork 1874 bbls
beans, 1864 bbls crackers, l2OS bbls meats.
1883 lbs bacon, making our total receipts
from all sources, to date, as follows: 2OO6
bbls pork, 1857 bbls flour, 1886 bbls meal,
765 sacks cotton seed, 1894 sacks crackers,
26 boxes garden seed, 590,547 lbs bacon, %
boxes drugs, 435 bbs beans, 50 bbls potatoes,
Us sacks salt, 1912 sacks corn and sundries.
Our total shipment to date have been :
1892 bbls pork, 531 200 rations; 81, 943 lbs
bacon, 423,924 rations; 1929 bbls meal,
1866 $40 rations; 1896 do. crackers, 322, 600
rations; 1884 do. -four, 23l 800 rations: 32l
do. beans, 4Sl 800 rations; SO do seed po:a
toes; 175 sacks salt, rs sacks cotton seed,
1912 sacks seed corn, 20 cases garden seed.
y cases drugs and sundries. Cash expendi-
lures, $S3 S23 81.
The New Orleans bulletin. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1874-1876, 1874-06-07
A Mystery.

In the Louvre, Paris, is to be seen Leonardo
da Vincis famous "Mona Lisa" and a
writer says: Who is this singular woman
with brown hair falling like veil about
the full, rounded oval of the face! Who
ever she was, she was siren, and swayed
mems hearts and women's destinies as she
would. For the dropping eyelds, though
they half conceal the deep eyes, do not pre-
veut them from reading you; the soft out
lines of the chin persuade you to overlook
how strong and firm it is; the flexible lips
are curved with smile which hides a some
thing stern and almost sinister. But the
singular fascination of the face resides in its
air OF misery; in the story it hints and will
not reveal. 1t is not enough that tradition
will tell You her home, her husbands name
and that of the painter who idolized her. He
painted the greatest Christ of any age, an d
yet, wherever he went, those eyes followed
him; every face he limneG was shadow of
hers. But, for all that, you shall not know
her secret; she has kept it for 300 years,
and she keeps it still. To many it seems
that, with the exception of the Last Sup
per, at Milan, this single portrait at the
Louvre gives the best idea of Leonardo da
VincIs power as an artist"