Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1874-10-09

Aio W"NoS VhaHs WIN the uTee-ply anu
eureka seats.
Mrs. j.. b. Woodward had a case Of
millinery and fancy goods that attracted the
attention of the fair sex.
The display of fruit was excellent in the
fu lest sense Of the word Blossoms nursery
was thoroughly represented
Judge Polsnd's speech.
AT 2 o'clock p. m. Judge Poland deliver.
ed the address. He spoke from carriage
in front of the stand, the audience being
gathered on the side.hill.
The judge commenced by saying that not
being farmer he would not attempt to
talk about farming. He had no address
prepared, aud his reasons were as numerous
as the lawyer had for the non.appearance
OF a juror, when he informed the Judge that
he had twenty.onc reasons 10 offer The
first was, the juror was dead His reasons
for not having prepared an address he would
not attempt to name.
1t was his fortune to be born in Vermont,
and in wild and new portion of it. Until
he was eighteen years old he wrought upon
the farm, and he presumed there was not a
boy here who could turn better swath than
he could then. But the system of farming
had so changed since that if he attempted
to talk about farming now he would be like
the mans cellar windows, which did not let
the light in, but let the dark out. Forty
years ago he let home with all his possess
sions tied up in pocket handkerchief. He
had not been away from home long before
he was honored with public Offices Of trust
Having continued in office from that time to
this, he had had an opportunity to watch
public matters such as few enjoy, and the
subj ct OF his remarks would be the causes
OF both the prosperity and the adversely of
New England, with his idea of the available
remedy for the latter.
Forty years ago the farmers of Vermont
were poor, and went poorly clothed and
provided for, coup red with the present
day. He could remember when his mother
considered herself fortunate it she had one
calico dress per year. Why was it. They
J were surely as industrious as they are now.
Their farms were new, and more productive
than now. Labor was cheap and abundant
IL was because they had not the markets
that farmers now enjoy. He could remem.
Der when there was bountiful harvest, and
what was doLe with the surplus 1t was
made iuto whiskey, and why2 Because there
was no market. Massachusetts and Con-
hectic 1T ra' sed their owl provisions. IF
Vermont farmers could then have got the
prices they get now farming would have
paid bet r here then than now, but there
was no one to buy what they had to sell.
But forty years ago manufactures began
to spring up in New England, and from that
date she has prospered Aud he thought
New Engand's prosperity largely due to
| protective tariffs. With all her advantages
New England ought to be able to compete
with the world, were it not for the pauper
labor Of Europe, but We did not want to 90
back to the cheap labor. In Europe the
form of government keeps the poor poor,
aud makes labor cheap, but here all claim
TO st@ud on an equality before the law.
Education and political privileges belong to
all, and every man has right to all the
advantages his abilities render him capable
Of securing, but to get the advantage OF
these rights he must have good pay 1t is
because these circumstances make cheap la.
Dor undesirable for US that we want proteo-
ton.
While the West lacked transportation
New England had improved her advantages
aud had become superior in prosperity to
any other community on Gods fair earth.
Then came the great struggle Of the re.
bellion. The flower of New England, Of
the West, Of the eutire North responded to
the nations call and rushed to meet the
foe. The government itself became con-
sumner Of every product Of the farm. While
this continued agriculture Aourished
But when the government demand ceased
at the close of the war the prosperity of
agricultural New England tagged. Why I?
Because the great West was brought into
compe ttion with us. The government had
given bountilully to stimulate the settle
ment Of the West. We have helped to
build railroads that Rave placed the West
in position to compete with us. 1t had
been the policy of the government to en-
courage the rapid settlement of the West,
aud the consequence was that the West has
grown too fast in her agricultural produce
tive capacity-so fast that manufactures can
not keep pace with it, aud her agricultural
products come to the East, over these rail.
roads which we have helped to build, seek
ing n market.
The question of re gulating transportation
began at the West, hen it should have be-
gun at the East. We have more cause to
demand a reform in railroad legislation than
the West. 1t costs more to send given
quantity of freight from Bradford to Boston
than to send the same freight from St.
Louis TO Boston. He had been appointed
by the governor Of Vermont as member Of
the cheap transportation convention, and
had been called upon to deliver an address
there. In that address he told the conven-
ton that the East had more cau3e to com.
plain of unjust freigh than the West He
voted for bill directing the president to
appoint a eommis ion to cqualze freights,
and he was almost the only New England
member that did so vote. When he cast
that vote he was acting for his constituents,
and for New England. He claimed that
Congress had right TO control transporta-
ton. 1t was notorious that the New York
Central and Pennsylvania Central Railroads
controlled the legislatures Of those two
states, body and soul. While railroads are
managed by state legislatures, justice cannot
be expected. But the time is coming when
Congress will regulate transportation. st.
Louis will not always be allowed to send
freight 1900 miles as cheap as New En-
gland sends the same 200 miles.
Whether corporations are to control egs.
lation depends upon the lawmakers, and
back of that upon the people who choose
those law makers. 1t is not 10
actual corruption of lawmakers that the
danger lies but in a want of backbone TO
resist the temptations. He could speak of
the qualifications TO be looked for in candi-
dates for Office now, seeing he had left off
being a candidate, (Llughter,) His ad-
vice was in choosing public servants to look