, 1874-02-06

culture in Now York and Wisconsin. 11o spoke
If tho dignity or lnbor, and tliyorGod Into MI
ntKu,nont for temperance lcgiantioil:
Mr. Nol'hinn hn1norously ronit1o!i tlio Con-
yontton Tint tho gentlenlh1 ad killed tho Ro-
p,hlicnn party by, hIu Liquor law, and fenrcd hc
would hnr.n tlio HrangorB.
Prof. y. H. Carpenter Of tito statc University,
road an able paper OH Industrial Education, hold
ing that agricultural ornny other technical trai-
Ing mt,st bc basctl on, not ibatitutcd for, Eo,l-
ornl intellectual culture, anl argued Tint moro
Homo disc',ssion followed, M Mossrs. Ando1aon
Robbins, mil ntllorB strongly dissenting, while
aIr. FOX aud otl,orA wnrinly illdoraca.
4 papor ny Low Alden, em,olylnE some good
purity rend by Secretary Field.
There was n 1iyoy discussion IN regard to cfi-
collcy ii, tho protection Of l,cop by tho present
1aw, fenviug IL optional with conntios 10 impose
tax on dogs resulting in vote to stand By tho
existing Inv.
1'o.nlght,
know, OK s-edior anl inyo,tor Of tito stnto.
was introduced by Secretary. Ficld to .Aniall
audience. including Gov. Taylor, the, prcsi-
bcrs Of tho Legislature, md delivered l!is nd
dross Oh - Production nnil Consumption" which
was rcploto witt, valuable statistics. lIo troatcd,
ilrnt. Tho capacity Of our chta!s na nt present
osporta ut tlo prominent Atln1stlc norts for tho
from from tho tue cor eon'c"sion s' Nsil' Tint Now York
~ ut prosent tho only practical mar mar
kct for y, tho Western :, producer third,
trunk l,nost rs obtained from official figures,
proving that tf,euo roats, II wor]od to thcir ut-
most limit aro not equal to the annual clearing
OF tho granarie9 Of tho lYest ; fourth, giyos tho
md ocoan, with special reference to tho various
discsilniuationa 1nntlc egainns cortaln points by
rnroads; fifth, argucB In rayor Of tho Fox and
Wisconsin River Improvement. which llo COLI
BiderA tho simplest and most foaaible solution Of
tic fraiGht problem III TINT direction. Tho pa-
per closos with highly interesting statistics 10
yArling valuation and tuxntlou, railway prog
ross, etc. Tho etltlrcgs waB listoucd TO with
much intercat throughout.
RELATIONS OF GEOLOGY 70 Aun1CULTUnE.
Prof. [. X. I.A1lam read 4 papor OIL tho =" Re-
ntonA of Geology to Agriculture Tho Law
providing for geological survey OF tho State OF
Wisconsin includes alHo,. and very PROPERLY
provision for homo woGls for tho special interest
admitted Tint theHo Two Bilbicctp aro so inti-
nlatoly related tlat whatever is dono to increase
our knowledge Of tho local md special geology
Of any district, tonds at tho samo time to pro-
1noto tho interest Of Tho farmer cultiYat-
lug lantl lit tho Sumo district. Tho un-
1erlying rocks, aro examined as to their
chemical compositions and 6urface artango-
ments. Or geographical oxtent, as they nro tho
SOURCES from Ylenco il derived tho worry soil into
Which tho farmer annually intluats his neod.
Their Dip order of succession, depth beneath
The surfnco, thoir porous or smpcrytols nature
are investigated, for theao aro tho data for de-
Gliding about arteBien wollD, ofton tho only re-
aoutco for u permanent supply Of wafer for farm
purposes.
Iii describing tho dieintograton Of rocks 80 as
to render then, The hest suited for tho growth OF
vegetation, tho Professor said:
Tho mineral and other 1lntivo resources nro
discovered md made known. They aro Tho
material for yariouB manufactures; and thcir
development crcnte5 homo 1narlot-tho bost
Of NIL luarkcts--for farm products, thus deciding
tho ereat question now 10 mitch agitatel rolat-
ing to cheap transportation, by avoiding Tho no.
neasity Of any transportation OF these products.
It III now very generally admitted TINT tho
ehcminal analysis OF soils tloeB not lead to all
Tho bonencial results that woro formerly antici-
gated, from this aonrco. The healthy
growth Of farm crops is deIpondcnt Upon upon
tho nero quantity Of plant food that may oxIst
III tho soil to enable tho chemist to detect tho
callso OF my given failuro by said analysis 1t
WIS once supposed TINT so lad only to annlyzo
from it to lotcct tho substance that Ind been
abstractod aua thus indicate what should bo
artifcally supplied to BtilnnlGto tho growth Of
tho noxt crop; but euch Is tho lninutcueAs Of tho
quantity Of plant food. compared with thu mass
Of tho soil that chemical science las not yet, OK
cont to limited extent, hcon ablo to accomplish
this tauls.
Geology is now worry properly included among
tho studies to bo pursued i'll agricultural col
legcs, with view to its special ndyantagos in
tho proper cultivation of tho Aoil-a cultivation
which HilaAl, without the ]cast dminution Of It's
ANIMAL product, perpotualy lynnintair its fertility.
Every furu,cG should know whether his land is
undcrlnld By rociis whose disintegration is
beneficial Or otherwise whether tlacso
rocl!y aro of tho grauitic kinds, or whotii-
or they consist Of sandstone, limestone, or
elsa1cs. Ho should also be ab!o to
determine tic nature of the pebbles. 1argo and
small. nl,ouudng in his folds. the gradual decay
OF which from yoar to year, by rcason Of expo-
auro to weather changes, frost, rain, sunlight,
and alternate exposure to heat md cold, will add
usef,il or useless, or oven dolctorous qualities
to tho Ho.
Limestone polb1os especially, by gradual dis
utcEratio.1, nro Of tito greatest vallo, by rcator-
ing fortilizing substances to tho soil that would
otherwise soon bo exhausted by continual crop
| ming. II these pobbles arc Of such quality rs
to 10 thus beneficial, tho land posscssos addi-
tiouai value; il othorwiao, Il lnrgor annual OK
po,lso for fertilizers will bo roqnlrod. Tho Bya-
tom of firm management suited to tho ono
case would require modification for tho other.
Hence it III sufficiently apparent TINT Bomo
knowledge Of geology is quito essential to the
intelligent farmer and that it IL wiBe TO Include
it in COURSE of studios to be pursued in our
agricultural collegos.