The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-06-30

cNcI, was uHdDie, Win tue 5nall FORCES uuueT uls
command, to follow up the advantages
which had been so far obtained. More
over, the main object OF the campaign at that
period was the entire suDjugation OF Knokand.
The capital or that khanate surrendered shortly
afterwards, ana subsequently two strongholds on
the border OF the khanate fell into the hands Of
the Russians. These captures compelled the Ameer
OF Bokhara to desst from further intrigues, which
he had endeavoied to carry on with the assistance
OF the neighboring chiefs.
The territory acquired through the victories
above recorded was Incorporated by Russia into
the province Of Turkestan. Early in the year 1866
General Kaufman, the Governor OF Turkestan
resolved again to attack the Ameer OF
Bokhara. ana marched against him from
Tashkend with 5000 men In the month
OF May. The Ameer's army. then holding strong
position along the borders OF the River Zerafshan
was completely routed. The struggle was desperate
on the part OF the barbarian, but defeat COM
pelled him to throw open the gates OF samarcand.
The next event OF Importance was that of the sur
render of the Ameer's capital; the Russians took
possession OF the city witnous striking blow.
MAKING COMMERCIAL TREATIES
The successes which have accrued to the Rus
SLAMS by these means have virtually invested them
with supreme power IN Central Asia, and served to
pave the way to obtaining commercial treaties
from all the khanates. Valuable privileges were ac-
corded to Russian traders and thus the realization
OF well matured plans for opening up new caravan
routes has been brought about. These projects
comprise the establishment OF direct interco urse
from Khokand through Kashgar and Yarkand,
thence reaching the banks OF the Indus by using
the pass OF Karakorum on the Kuen-Lun range Of
mountains In virtue OF the provisions of those
treaties Russian produce IS subjected to mere ad
valorem rate OF duty, fixed at two and half per
cent. Further provision is made that Russian sub
jecrs are Tree to establish commercial stations
throughout the khanate, and the right
OF transit by caravans Is secured to
them. The subjected khans have remained
nominally in undisturbed possession OF
their respective territories; still they are placed
under the protectorate OF the Cars government.
1t is denied at St. Petersburg In political circles
that any ACKNOWLEDGEMENT is Intended, and it Is
declared that the only object in view is centred in
the development OF commercial resources. The
enormous activity displayed by Russia and the
stupendous amount OF money expended seem to
favor that theory. Russian engineers have con-
structed roads and opened bridges Telegraphlc
anc postal facilities have been established In the
great centres, and thus direct communication
Is entertained as far as Tashkend and
Samarcand The Russian railroad system
will shortly have terminus al Orenburg as well
as at Omsk on the Ural. The preliminary works
connected with the extension OF roads from those
stations are in a state OF great forwardness, and
1t Is confidently hoped that railroad communica-
ton will forthwith be pushed to the river lrijtch,
while in another direction it will be extended to
Tashkend and eventually to KhoKand. The gov
eminent plans go even further than this. 1t Is in
serious contemplation to connect by rail- Samar-
cand and Bokhara. The government officials IN
PetprShurO aanUutnn that ALI these
will be accomplished without any great delay and
there is no to doubt their opinion. The or
binary road now winds along the banks or the
Amoo Daria and thereby the boarders OF Afghan
istan can be reached. With the latter country the
Russians are on good terms.
RUSSIAN SUCCESS AND ENGLISH DIFFICULTIES.
1t has not been denied at st. Petersburg that the
magnitude OF the successes obtained in Central
Asia surpasses the most sanguine expectation.
few years ago there seemed but little prospect
that such results could be obtained within this
decade; at the same time all Russian diplomats is
continue to assert, with startling tenacity, that
the progress made by Russia implies no danger to
England; but that, on the contrary, II Russia
should be able to supply the far East with her
manufactures, taking In return the produce OF
British India, England, in the end, would
be the gamer even IN case that Russia should
be compelled to assume, partly or wholly, q
protectorate over Afghanistan. 1t Is held that
two powerful ne!ghbors, both impelled by the in
terests OF civilization. must ultimately derive
mutual advantage IN the development OF mate
rial prosperity In st. Petersburg the necessity of
maintaining peaceful attitude towards England
is fully recognized. II England looks with jealousy
towards Russia and harbors belief that her prog
ress in Central Asia has tendency to make an
inroad on the commerce of British India it would
avid hot IN oryvoo rnuIA INV
nish means Of settling the question upon q per.
manent basis.
But, even assuming that England could sue
coed for q while in thwarting the plans
OF Russia as the result OF hand.to-hand
fight 1t seems perfectly clear that the
physical conditions Of the contest would be so
equal in character as entirely to exclude the pos
sibility OF doubling IN whose hands would ultl-
mately rest the balance OF power, While England
would be compelled to rely on her own little island
as a base for operations In case OF war, and
necessarily be held to the risks and perils OF the
sea, Russia could husband ner resources much
nearer home and draw supplies frome compare
lively short distances.
favorlte argument at st. Petersburg holds that
the time has gone by for the sword to decide
whether trade shall take this or any other given
road to any market. 1t Is alleged that II British
India should find more profit in bartering away
the produce OF her soil for Russian goods England
would have no remedy but to submit, or otherwise
to make efforts In competition with Russia From
that process India must ultimately derive CORE
spending benefits, while 1t must be supposed that
England has Indian prosperity at heart, and does
not hold that Empire for the mere purpose OF
money making; a node Of reasoning which reads
well on paper, but may not be exactly In accord
ance with TACT. For the present Russia has sum.
cient work on her hands in the Improvement of
communications throughout her vast territory
and, although she has concluded treaties with
various princes Of Central Asia, still these bonds
Of friendship do not bind the Inhabitants OF the
Khanates, who, for the most part. are given to
nomadic habits and lack even the remotest degree
OF modern civilization.
THE KRAsNOwODsK ROUTE.
Having nf fho