New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1874-01-23

with moon bet then we come down again 10 Mars
which Is small planet. Then we have the asteroIus;
specks, Then take the outer family anu
there Is st progression. We have the largest ~ @
the planets Uranus Neptune about equal IN size on
smaller than Jupiter or saturn lapiaces Theory Mi
he In the middle, and the larger one outside aug e
smaller the sun and we have no accom-, o, tro
planaron Of the general facts first noted
ASTRONOMERS IJKESED TO A COLONY OF hfih's'
We are led therefore to another theory, ana adopt
what appears 10 me suitable method OF Illustrating IL
five imagine colony Of small insects, of the Mayhies
ephemera. which live but few hours, anu hVihp 10
and having the center of their domain large tree
these ephemera are not able TO ascertain anything
about that tree IN their Of existence, as they ve
but one day. But we may shppose mem W "a, w
reasoning beings, aud that they thaVe banueu
down FROM one TO another the discoveries smaoe
by their ancestors, and they proposed 10 aseeral"
in tune. by exercising their intellectual powers
the laws according which the tree grew ana some
thing of the future OF the tree They would trace baok
the history and arrive perhaps at some notion
nv comparing that with Others, ana that II sprae
from seed and they would do, and think that
was the beginning of all things, for this tree would be
their universe IL they were told by some thougnIui
Nav Nv that the tree resulted from the contraction OF
great mass vegetable matter, they might remain
satisfied with this notion for long tilne put
If hey found by observing other that there were
no such vegetable masses contracting IN that way, 1t
would be their part TO lock 10 anoher theory,
and finding the process OF growth, they would trace
back the process and say that II was the result OF the
quite different process OF treegrowth to that stage
they recognize the process and trace 1t back and
Say that tree contract from vegetable mass
but sprung from . small vegetable mass, and grew by
Then think there is another point to notice. They
reject the notion formed OF the veeetaDie mass,
aud say very reasonably, that with az due Iespcct 70
the opinion OF SO highly eminent May 1y as lie VINO
propouDded the contemplation theory whole DAYS nSft
is with the theory of Lapace we have great tespec
for nm ys6 5d ne %ss e n We mn these
wonderful facts that we have recently learned about
condition of Jupiter Saturn, about the relation of
comets and meteOrs We have learned thar the earth is
fall m a
Won the earth increases only inch IN diameter by
the fall OF meteors IN iOv0OOOoO years We can iaruy
call that growth at ALL but still, like the tree after u
IL has ceased to grow, and only lives, the present de-
veopment of the earth shows leads US, TO look BACK
at the dist ant past, when the meteor system was more
numerous, and the whole solar system was grow
ing 1t natural TO look at the process as
process of accretlon than OF contraction from Some heD
THE THEORY OF ACCREIIoS.
We will now have the room darRened and this process
will be illustrated on the With this new view Of
the matter promise TO give us light on any ques
tons which previously unanswered Will 1t eI'
nlain how the planets are arranged in the manner in
which they are We find IT will. You have picture
illustrating tho great difference in size between
me outer part and the inner part Of the system.
Here are Uranus Neptune, Saturn, and Jupiter and
here IN the lower rghtband corner you VIII nouce
within it are Mercury Mars. the Earth and Moon and
Venus We might imagine great neDnions mass HSa-
the re-mIst of Hersche IN space, gradually approach
Ing towards the suD, approaching splraly We might
e eSd as W. We Sdw ha 81 an one
passes into another, by chemical means, hight 10 pro-
There is evidence that these nebula gaseous.
Well then, these nebuous masses would be thrown INTO
the great center There would be one center OF aggre.
gatOn That center would grow continually In size and
power gradually draw in more ana more matter to 1t,
and the 10 drew in OF these nebuous masses me
greater its power would become. How then does the
secondary aggregation take Its origin suppose they
some in one and some in another, with a
superabundsnee IN one direction great sneor
not continuing separate for any length Of time In the
inc Of that Kind could not form for The that all
the near the great central aggregation would be
very rapid Take which sthe original center OF
aggregation. and Dd that IN the suns neighborhood
the motions very rapid. body coming ont OF
space falling into the sun would reach the sun at
velocity OF $50 miles second and II ony gon6 around
the sIn, would travel 200 miles second
INIT AT the distance OF Jupiter the velocity OF an arriving
object would be only about 10 miles second therefore
il would for aggregation 10 form at that
distance great distance from the center IL would
moi have TO overcome the tremendous veloctes which
an aggregation would have to IN attempting 10 form
the flying masses. A secondary aggregation
at considerable distance would not
have this great velocity. An aggregation
there would have greater power over that matter around
H. and larger and larger aggregation would FORM ana
as II became larger and larger 1t would be more and
more mighty; by sort Of geometrca progression 1t
would grow larger aud larger WINE an Tue 9DJtcIs az
down reduced 10 size Thus explain the fact that
we find Jupiter, the greatest aggregation AT "a much
greater distance than the inner family OF planets and
Beyond Jupiter We come to another system, which
ghnWs ol1
saturn's distance the motions would Or lees RAPID thn
at Jupters distance There would sth remain great
he formed and so should Ind Saturn not 80 large
Jupiter, because the matter would naturally decrease
out wards from the sun, but owing 10 the smaller
velocity there would be a greater freedom OF
ageregstion, ana so "gts hTSe satellite. Apd
then we next TO Uranus and Neptune ana they are
smaller because the quantity of matter dlmnshes with
dlsance Then take the inner family close TO the sun
Close to the they are prevented from accommodating
much by the suns nelghbOThoOd, because OF the ire
%
again we 6ud the influence OF Jupiter beginning 10 oe
is bn bs The combined influence q Jupiter
and Saturn preventing agIegauons from forming re
path OF Jupiters influence find the zone of asteroids
each small " form planet so ncOnSlderabe III SIZE
they be unable to travel without hitting against
That il better than Lapaees theory 1t is not TO be
expected that you could have complete account OF
those relations neither could by theory explain the
size aud color OF every bough ana leai ana the detas
OF arrangement OF tree.
COMPLIMENT 10 AN AMERICAN ASTRONOMER
And now shall allude to the strange results obtained
by Prof Daniel Kirkwood, Of Bloomington, Indiana,
whom have called the Keper of modern astronomy
TO the way he looked out for relation after relation
and the connection between the different relations OF
the p,anetary system HIS researches worthy Of all
praise HIS results full of interest. He took the
paths Of the asteroids and arranged them IN
their 'order OF distance, and he found GER
tain pisces where for some distances, there
no ase rOids There asteroids at great number OF
distances from the extending over HeOO,CO0 Of
miles but gaps like those between the rings
of saturn and the way IN which kirkwOod explained
his was: he noted where the gaps occurred, and he
found them spending TO the paths OF asteroids
having periods commensurate with the period OF Jupl-
ter and student Of astronomy knows that this COM
mensurate period must have led 10 great perturbation.
The periods of Jupiter and Saturn the numbers
se ven and ve aud when there rs conjunction in diff
erent parts their orbit the perturbation takes place
there and they disturb each other producing what Is
known as great inequality Of Saturn and Jupiter
In the same way Jupiter would disturb the motion OF
the asteroids, If they had period Ike his OWL and
would them from travelling, his mass he 90 much
greater And you will lind there are no
asteroids in those particular spaces. TINS
supports the theory that the s0lar sys-
tenn arose from motion, and aggreRations