The New York herald., 1874-07-17

won't to say In all his dilicuties and doubts, "lt
will all come right ut last" In the belief that it
will come right we are going to send the white
man who was with him last, and whom he has
blessed and called "as good as a son to me,n npon
the track of his falling footsteps to see If we can
help Africa aud geography, and finish Living
stones task.
At this moment, i'm truth, the problem Of Cen.
tral African geography has become more fasc
mating more absorbing, more important tnan
ever be fore. Livingstone has hunted this sphinx
OF science into kind OF corner, and six degrees
OF longitude westward OF Lake TanganyiKa now
contain the solution upon which the future OF
Africa depends. Five magnificent lakes-tne
smallest OF them, probably, big as Michigan
and long, superb, connecting lacustrine liver
threading these lakes from the vast Usango
plateau south OF Tanganyika to the Inland seas
of Bangweol0, Moero, KamolondO and the ''Un-
known Water'-have been made known to us by
the same adventurous journey OF rescue which
prolonged the life OF Livingstone. These glo-
rous resh-water seas, with the lordly river which
strings them together and with that other
broad stream which issues from Lake Lincoln
and joins the Luaaba-do they run nortbward
TO the Nyahzas and the Nile or westward to the
Congo? Does Tanganyika ind some western out
let whereby to add her waves to them, are Tan
ganyika and NyanZa one; or else by what strange
reason do her deep and mount n IS shadowed
waters remain sweet and fresh These are not
merely problems of the geograpner's study-ques-
tions 20 while away an evening of the Royal Geo.
graphical Society. Upon the right answer to them
depends the proper road into the heart of Africa
the destined direction OF that commerce which
will some day rescue her and give ner place
among the civilized continents. And when we add
to these primary inquiries the deeply interesting
secondary queries about the Katanga copper
mines, those mysterious "Four Fountains" and
the underground habtations near Moero, 1t will be
seen a wnat an intensely interesting stage Of Alr-
can discovery the expedition oil the NEW YORK
HERALD and of the DGily Telegraph sets forth.
1t IS true that the field Of exploration quite
at this moment deserted. In March, 1873, Lieu
tenant Cameron was commissioned by Sir Bartle
Frere ON behalf of the Royal Geographical soci-
ETY., to take supplies and means 70 Livingstone,
who was at tnat time, though none knew II, near
to die at Iala. Accompanied by Messrs. Dillon
and Murphy, this expedition started but only TO
encounter run Of i'll luck and difficulties which
brought its resources so low that at Unyanyembe
it was already nearly bankrupt. To proceed at all
Lieutenant Cameron mad to draw largely upon the
Royal Geographical Society and TO buy his cloth at
ruinous price; and when, with great courage
and perseverance, he was at last going forward,
the sad news came to him that the Doctor Was
dead, OF his two companions DR.. Dillon
died overwrought by suffering, and Mr.. Murphy
resigned and came back to Zanzibar Cam
eron went forward to fetch the papers and
effects OF Livingstone left at Ui and reached
that place in February of the present year. But
he is, although not aware oft, no longer now the
emissary OF the society. That body had never ex-
pected to incur the heavy losses OF the upward
march, and although its hesitation to honor Lieu
tenant Cameron's drafts, felt and sustained at
still, with many other objects to follow, and the
| papers of Livingstone secured. it eventually re-
solved not TO extend the journey OF Lieutenant
Cameron or incur any further expense. Letters
| to this effect have gone after him, which reached
| UnyanyemDe in June and UjUi in July, so that
while We write the communication IS perhaps
| being delivered to this gallant ofi1cer which ac-
quaints him with the hard truth that he is no
longer in the service OF the society. He has faced
hundred obstacles with the highest courage, and
deserved, we cannot help thinking, somewhat
stouter support; and it will certainly be one OF
the instructions Of our commissioner, as it would
obviously accord with his inclination to be OF
use to the brave young explorer II opportunity
| should offer. AS to the chance OF Camerons sOlv-
ing the s-TaDganylka problem, it is, We fear,
not strong. He was 10 boat on the lake for two
months, and to make an excursion INTO Manyema,
say down to May or June. Then, if he waited at
Uji for letters it would only be to receive tnat
little cheering one from Savllle row, practically
recalling him, while II he went forward without
any news, his resources, probably, would not carry
! him far unless he met with much better fortune
than In the first part of his trip. Meantime, his
friends at nome have collected f6OO, which will sul-
flee to pay for his return journey from Lake Tan
ganyika to Zanzibar, and notice OF this mas been
transmitted to the coast. II he can, by any stroke
OF pluck or luck, find the way nOrthward to
Gordon, he Will have solved one prob
lem Of African geography, and shown
himself by fresh proof, which was not needed,
what all know him to be-a brave man; but 1t Is
extremely improbable that he has means Tor any
such journey, and much more likely that, not pos
sessng them, and receiving the letter OF dismissal
he will have turned hOmeward by next Christ
mas so that our expedition may perhaps have the
pleasure of rendering service to him-possbiy, in
deed, very timely service.
Meanwhile the letters received from Cameron
at Ujiji render the great problem of the Nile and
the lakes more fascinating than ever. His obser-
! vatons show that Speke was quite wrong in
putting Tanganyka only 1,s44 feet above the sea
level. Livingstone was right; 1t is about $500
feet; and, seeing that the same elevation, or
nearly so, is given for the Albert Nyanza-the
difference between Cameron's and Bakers esti-
mate for the respective lakes Is only twenty
feet-the old possibility returns that Tangan-
! yika and Nyanza may, after all, be one. This
was the report heard by Sir Samuel Baker at
Faloro, and selegraphed first to these columns {;
and il 1t were only true-if even the Lualaba and
the southern lakes ran into the NyanZa-then
Livingstone, after all, did find the real and uti-
mate fountains Of the River OF Egypt, and you
may sail boat, with certain portages, from Alex
audrla the uplands OF UsangO, in the twelfth de-
gree of latitude south Of the Equator. And this
would mean that Africa, at the moment OF her de-
livery from the slave hunters, had fair and beaut.
fnl and healthy highways all ready and open TO the
north and to the east II, on the contrary, the
great inland seas and rivers of Manyema go west
ward 10 the Congo, 1t would still be deeply inter-
esting and important to ascertain the lact In
every aspect for every reason, from every
| nOinL Of view. the sad continent seems to