davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06
PUBLIC SAFES.
A SsIGNEE'S SALE OF
STOCKS AND BONDS

Bankrupts Ivy
:, VIII be sold on WEDNESDAY. the 18th day Of
February lsIA, at l.: W. Stidham SONS Auction
kooms. No. ~ East Fourth street. commencing at
"a O'clock, p NJ. the following Stocks and Bonds
- Shares Delaware Fire Insurance COMPANY
10 Masonic Hall Company
Milmi ington and Western r. r. Company
wilmington and Reading r. X. Company.
81 " Delaware Railroad Company.
5 Wilmington Coal Gas Company.
Northern Liberty Gas Co, oil Philat's
z :. Miimin gton Turnpike Company.
10 Wilmington Mills Manufacturing Co.
1 Delaware Avenue Club Stables
BONDS.
u COO Delaware Railroad Company
500 Wilmington City Loan.
4l0 Delaware City Loan.
ss03 @ Milnington and Beading bonds. Cd mortsags)
$500 Wiimington and Reading bond, Qst mortsase }
WILLIAM CANDY.
=, Assignee. dc.
Il. W. STIDHAA SoS. Auctrs. feb6eod
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06

NoTICE-MUTCAL LOAN ASSOCIATION
IN 1he seventh annual meeting Of the stock
holders of the mutual Lean Association will be
held February 10TH 1874 at ~ o'clock in the Office
OF the Secretary, No. &2 Market street, ut which
time the annual report will be submitted and an
election for officers and directors held. Subserip-
tions are being received to stock in the fourth
series at 81 90 per share. GEO. G. MARIS,
febC-4t Sect'y and Treas'r.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06
Valuable Farm aor sale.

THE subscriber naviag determined to cuit farm
l. ins. offers at Private sale, his Farm, situated
on the ennett Turnpike. about Sk miies NORTH
Of Wilmington. Del, containing 81 acres Of land
DIVIDED into convenient fslds. il a good state of
cultivation. and about IS acres Of valuable hest.
New House. built in modern style. IS feet ~.
mont by 81 feet deep. and containing fft cen i,a
ming water il the yard Carriage House, Spriag
House, Tenant House. Ice Hous-. Apple. Peach i
PEAR orchards and fne Grapery that will prod uc
Of Gresnyille Station on tho Wilmington aud
heading Railroad. Tho situation is Que OF th 0
most pleasant and desirable in thu country, un 4
we'll calculated for couatry s.at. Tesms Easy.
JAM II {. .. .'FAIYRE.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06
FOR SALE.

A Large th-es story Coach EastarTs anil R.enx.
n Smith shop for vale or rent an Gacguxo
dating terms, in the village CT St. Georges. Pos
session 9n the eth Of March, 1874. address
D. b. STEWART
ji1-i din s. teor1es De-.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06

NOTICE coo SHARES OF STOCK, SECOND
IN Series Of the City Building and Loan Asso,
eiation' for sale. The frat monthly meeting Will
"Old Fame Hose House." Second street, Ne. l07
Apply 10 Messrs ISAAC MURRAY,
JOHN '9RREN,
DAVID WOOLNAN,
L. K. CRAWFORD.
fe5-l2t WESLEY TALLEf, Sec'y
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06
WANTS.

VXyANTED-Tsn Cabinet Makers or Carpenters
w Apply to
feb5-2t 606 Market street.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06

OSr-on Thursday last. betwesn IL o clock A.
IL NJ. and O'clock p. M. on the road from th e
"Old Buck" on the Ksnnstt Pike. near Greenyilis
Station. along the Jackson Inn road, to the New
port Pike duplicate tax receipt book for Christi
ana hundred. The finder will receive suitable re
ward on returning it to the owner.
Old Buck" near Greenylie Station. W. & X R R.
fetl-2s
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06

| |bia, VII
| |Fosi with &
| entral / T.
iyania \.
nd Head
Keadins
OLE.
endeut,
Wilmington daily gazette., 1874-02-06

lDtl
| Dtst
| Order
ulats
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
The Rights of Citizens.

The Objectionable clause to the total
abstinence people in the platform re-
Gently adopted by the German-Amer-
lean Club of this city is that which
expresses the determination of the
members of the club not to vote for
candidates for office who favor the en-
actment of such temperance laws as
are represented by the one created at
the last session of the Legislature un-
der the name of Local Option. We
do not propose to write homily on
the evils of intemperance, nor shall we
indulge in eulogy on tempe rance, to
be followed by a catalogue of the bless
ings which flow from a well-kept res
olution not to look upon the wine
when it is red. The evils of the one
and the happiness of the other are
pictures that are constantly before us.
We are panied at the sight of one and
gladdened with the glimpse of the
next from one end of the street to the
other. They come as panorama of
darkness and sunlight. The world is
full of temperance lectures, and as full
of arguments against intemperance.
1t is to these lectures and argu-
ments and the lessons they teach
that we must look for the ba-
sis of the great temperance reform
we are all so anxious to see. The
rights of citizens to do or not to do a
thing not prohibited by law, is an
other matter altogether, and as this is
u land of equal rights and equal priv
ileges, the members of the German
American Club may be pardoned if
they inquire why the organs of So
ciety traduce them for doing precisely
the same thing the society itself has
been doing almost from the date of its
existence. We believe the proceed
ings of the last session of the Grand
Lodge of Good Templars of the State
Of California will show that all MEM
bers of the Order were instructed or
requested not to aid in the election to
office of men who are not known to be
strong and uncompromising advocates
OF the temperance cause. This is a
wise move and one that will do much
good, but is the anti-Local Option
plank In the German-American Club
platform greater stretch of the rights
OF citizens? 1t certainly is not. Urge
as strongly as you like that it is the
embodiment OF an immoral and a dan
gerous principle, and we shall not at
tempt to combat this argument, but
on the question of the right of the
Club to insert the plank in its plat
form, we hold that the opponents of
temperance laws have the same right
to oppose Local Option candidates that
societies have to oppose all
who are not Local Option candidates.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
Students on their Muscle.

SAN JOSE, October 5th.-A regular
fight occurred at the San Jose Insti-
tute this afternoon, which shows the
progress young Californians are max
ing in the fistic arena. 1t seems that
two of the students had some difficulty
and the Principal wanted them to
apologize to each other. They didn't
seem inclined that way, when the
Principal drew pistol and put it be-
side him and insisted that the apollo
gies should be made. Right here oc-
Cured terrific encounter, in which
several of the students took hand.
The result was that the Principal had
one of his arms broken in three places.
There was no serious damage done to
the students.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
The San lose Fair.

SAN JOSE, October 16th.-San Jose
this forenoon presented quite a holi-
day aspect. Flags are flying all over
town and an unusual number of visi-
tors are on the streets. The road to
Agricultural Park is lined with teams,
both from San Jose and Santa Clara.
Entries for stock are now closed, but
more than fifty additional entries
were made this morning. At 10
o'clock there was parade of stock, in
which twenty-five thoroughbreds,
thirty roadsters and horses entered for
general purposes, took part; also, six
teen teams. The show of cattle was
particularly fine, although all the
cattle did not parade. Eighty head of
cattle headed by the herd of Colonel
Younger, passed in front of the grand
stand. After the parade Of cattle a
speeding of horses took place, in
which the celebrated horse Patchen,
now seventeen years old, and his nu-
merous family of colts, played con-
spicuous part. For the pavilion en-
tries continue to be received, The
fruit show so far if not as large as at
other fairs, certainly carries off the
palm for quality and beauty. The ap-
pearance of the pavilion to-day is
very different from yesterday, but it
will be late this evening before it can
be said that the pavilion is in good
running order
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
The Policy OF the "Express.

Some days ago the HERALD repeated
the common and generally believed
report that Mr.. GEO. o. TIFFANY,
senior, was the financial backbone of
the little Erening Express. The state
ment was made without malice, and
simply to show that in attacking
other candidates for Mayor, the Er-
press was merely acting in the line
of its conceived duty to its financial
backbone" who is himself a candi-
date for that office. The day follow
ing the appearance of the rumorin the
HERALD's columns, the Express con-
tanned denial that Mr.. TIFFANY Ell
ther owned an interest in the paper or
had loaned it's managers money. We
accepted the announcement for what
it was worth, and made no further
allusion to the matter. How different
has been the course of the Express in
a similar case. 1t asserted that Mr..
BEAUDRY was the "power behind the
throne" in the HERALD man
agement. We corrected the mistake
and stated that Mr.. BEAUDRY had
no more to do with the editorial con-
troll of the HERALD than any other one
of its friends and patrons. The Express,
however, refuses to be corrected, and
continues to fill its columns with at
tacks devoid of truth, wit or wisdom,
on Mr.. BEAUDRY and "his paper" OF
"his organ" Now we have q settled
conviction that it is better always to
| fight the devil with fire. We shall
accept as true the report that Mr.. TIF-
FANY, Sen., is not only the Financial
backbone" but the controlling power
in the Express, and that it fights the
HERALD and attacks Mr.. BEAUDRY
through notion that by so doing il
will manufacture few votes for Mr.
TIFFANY. If the Express is deter
mined to make this campaign by fall
| styling, vilifying and maligning the
candidates it opposes, it cannot expect
that it's own candidates will be per.
mitted to pass unscathed. There is nc
necessity for such fight, but if oul
little cotemporary is resolved to make
it on that basis, it should not forget
that there will be blows to receive as
well as to give.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
Mining news.

AUSTIN. New, October 15th.-The
Prussian Silver Mining Company, at
Jefferson have completed their new
mill, and the stamps will drop in a
few days, The steam hoisting-wo
over the Prussian south shaft started
to-day.
The owners of Meadow Valley
Ranch, near Jefferson, claim $50, 900
damages on account of the new road
crossing their property at Belmont.
The force of miners in the Ell Dora
do south mine has been greatly re-
duced, but the mill is still running.
Bullion shipments from Belmont
for September were $11, $40; from Aus
tin in the same month $113,000; from
the Twin River formerly the Muir
phy), in Ophir caflon, $4,000.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
Seven Suspicious Deaths ard a Mysterou:
Murder.

NoRD, Butte county, October 5th.
A man named c. Van Ripper, who has
been living under the assumed name
of DR.. j. NJ. Darcy, was murdered at
his house, seven miles north of Nord,
about midnight on Saturday last.
During the last year or two he had, in
his capacity of physician, attended on
several persons, including his wife,
whose sudden deaths under peculiar
circumstances have occasioned much
comment. Parties who were camped
near his house on Saturday night
heard him say from a window that
murderers were in his house, and
shortly after shots were fired. On
search being made he was found lying
dead, with several charges of buckshot
in his body, at the foot of the stairs,
up which it is supposed he attempted
to run. Some suspicious are held as
to the persons who fired the shots, but
as the sentiment is universal that he
deserved his fate, probably no steps
will be taken to discover the guilty
persons. A Coroners inquest devel-
oped but few facts. Van Ripper was
well-connected in the East and has a
brother in this State,
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

OUR expressed disbelief that the at
tacks of the Express OIL Mr.. BEAUDRY
were made for blackmailing purposes,
is branded by that paper as a "hood-
lum paragraph" We hoped for the
sake of respectable journalism that our
little cotemporary would accept our
doubt of its guilt in the spirit in which
it was made, and give us at least a
protestation of innocence, but as it
thinks it proper to maintain signifi-
cant silence, we are left to the suspi-
cion of having thought better of our
neighbor than our neighbor thinks of
himself.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

THE Water Company are talking of
building a reservoir on Fort Hill.
They usually talk about this Fort Hill
reservoir just before city election,
but talk is all it has ever amounted to
so far. From frequent repetition this
nice little story of the Water Com
pany has lost even the meri t of orig
inailty. 1t is sort of biennial pro-
duction, which always blooms during
an election campaign and withers and
dies when the votes are counted.
When promises will build that reser-
voir, we shall have it, and not before.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

The indications are that there will
be a great rush for the Panamint
mines in the Spring. A large amount
of mill machinery is en- route for the
locality and when these mills are set
in operation they will throw out tons
Of silver weekly. A great many new
and rich ledges have been discovered
in the district, and as soon as the
miners have facilities for prospecting
the rock, still other ledges will be
opened. The idea of Senator JONES,
that Panamint will prove second
Comstock, seems likely to be verified.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

There are on the Sonoma county
Great Register, five names of persons
eighty years old, one 81, two 80,
five S4, four So, one sc, one 91, one
81, and one 1l3. The last named,
Joseph Hooper, died the past Spring
near Cloverdale, at the age given.
The total number 65 years old and
over is 307
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

MoULToN'S bail in the criminal suit
of EDNA DEAN PROCTOR was fixed at
$4,000, but has since been reduced to
$4,000. These things taper down very
fast. We should not be surprised if
finally aolte pros was entered in the
case, and EDNA and FRANK kissed
and made up.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
To Those Interested. "

EDITOR HERALD: Permit me to say
to those interested that the first by
law adopted by the Southern Calfor-
MIA Sanitary Hotel and Industrial
Association gives the smallest stock
holders as much voice in the affairs of
the association as the largest This
was contended for not without consid-
cradle opposition, for manifold reasons,
but principally from our experiences
in the defective justice to small hold
ers under many corporate societies
which has obtained almost universal
usage. | refer to the custom of
"freeze-out," practiced extensively.
Those who desire to act with the
stockholders in their important meet
ing of the 18th instant, can do so by
subscribing to the capital stock on or
before that date. Considering the
vital import to the large land-holders
OF this movement, it is thought that
they may wish to avail themselves of
this opportunity for the furthering of
their interests. +. Nj. SHAW,
superintendent.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

There was filed on Saturday in the
office of the Secretary of State, dee d
of trust from James Lick to Thomas
III. Selby, d. o. Mills,M NJ. NJ. Newhall,
VIM. Alvord, Geo. H. Howard, James
Otis and John O. Earl conveying the
property, recently donated by Lick, to
the State and to various charitable
and scientific institutions.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
FOR EICN.
A Halch of items from Over the water

LONDON. October 7th.-It is stated
that Don Carlos is we'll and at the
head of his army.
Each party claims victory.
In the recent French elections the
Bonapartists have elected IA repre-
sentatives.
Count Won Arnim will not surrender
the Bismarck letters, and remains in
prison: Heavy bail has been offered,
but refused.
Fighting occurred yesterday near
Buenos Ayres, and the Government
forces were obliged to retire. Govern
ment has issued loan of S25, ,O0O 900,
at per cent. interest.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

SINCE Governor STANFoRD's return
from the East, he refuses to be inter-
viewed. Reporters have haunted his
office and climbed over the transome,
but the Governor quietly kicks them
and keeps still tongue in his head.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

On Manlove's ranch, near Sacra-
mento, is field of cotton in full,
healthy growth. The plants are now
near four feet in height, and will av-
erage about seventy-five balls to the
plant. The cotton is the variety
known as the Georgia upland
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

THE New York Democratic State
Convention adopted the resolution that
1.-THE Presidency is public trust, and
not private perquisite no third
term y
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

MRS. ANN ELIZA Young, BRIG
HAMS nineteenth wife, is lecturing in
San Francisco. Her subject is one
with which we presume she is famil-
iar-the polygamous practices of the
prophet
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
NEW TO-DAY.
It is not in the bugIe or in the drum

That smokers should look for com fort but
to satisfy the taste OF thousands, it takes good
Havana Tobacco made up into Cigars that
such thing can be accomplished. There is no
place on this coast where u complete stock of
Cigars, Tobaccos, Pipes and all smokers ari-
cles can be found to compete with the goods
OF i. GOLDSMITH,
Main ST.. next TO w. +. & Co.'s Express.
The latest Illustrated Papers always on
hand.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE GOLDEN SoNcsTER
CONTAINING
Songs OF Love. Songs OF Home, Songs
of Country.

of Country.
Complimentary Edition, 1000 Copies
illuminated TiHe-Heary Paper
TO be issued in November.
Bb- During The month OF November the
Merchants and other business and profe .sinn-
ri gentlemen and ladies will present To their
customers in Los Angeles and vicinity Two
THOUSAND copies of the GOLDEN SONG
STER In addition 10 a few pages of adVer-
tisments, and a compilation ofeditorlal notic-
eS OF frSt-clasS houses, and twenty-fOur blank
pages for Pocket Diary or Account Book,
Will be presented the following beautiful
CATALOGUE OF SONGS:
/. The star Spangled Banner;
2 The Watch on the Rhine;
b Thou art Dreaming;
L. The Marseillaise Hymn;
D. Wait for the Turn of the Tide:
g. oh, why should the Spirit Of Mortal lie
proud;
:. Mollie Darling:
:. Meet me, Josie, at the Gate:
9. Enoch Arden-Anme Daring.
10. Kathleen Mavourneen:
II. Shamus O'Brien;
II. Rock me to Sleep Mother;
l3. Her Bright Smile haunts me still:
~. Put me in my little bed:
ID. Lord LoVel and Lady Nancy;
III. Homeless tonight; or, Boston in ashes.
II. The Old Oakcn Bucket;
Is. Hope; or Leaf br I.eafthc Roses fall;
~. The Little Brown jug;
20. Shell of Ocean;
Il. John Anderson, my 10:
-. Bonny Doom;
%, swinging in the Lane;
2I. Old Grimes Cellar Door:
25. The Ship on Fire.
2G. The Golden Stair
q. Pat Mulloy;
%. Norah O'Neal;
20. Norah's Reply
30. II is betterto Laugh than be Signing:
81. Something Sweet TO think of:
81. The Days of 'FortyNine
33. The Last Rose of summer
"a. Ever of Thee, I'm Fondly Dreaming;
81. Auld Lang Syne;
70. Joe Bowers;
81. Then you'll remember me:
80. Deal with me kindly;
80. Beautiful Dreamer;
40. Oft in the Silly Night;
II. Pass under the Rod;
~. That Little Church around the corner.
AZ. Lone Rock by the Sea;
Al. Let us speak of a man as we find him:
40. Don't be angry with me, Darling;
~. am not angry with you, Dearest;
A. Good NightFarewell.
Also n number of beautiful Spanish SONGS
including "La PcderOsa," "El Susplro," "Ei
Trobodor." Etc.
Ras \ magnificent collection handsomely
printed-eegantly bouhd-and the entire edi-
ton OF Two THOUSAND TO be given away. Ask
lof Them AT the principal business houses
St. Lawrence Publishing Co..
Los Angeles, Cal.
r. S. LAWRENCE,
tnf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
FOR - ALE.

A FINE YOUNG THOROUGHBRED
n Horse, Top Buggy and Harness. Will
be sold together or separate, at u low figure as
the owner has no use for them. Apply at
"FRENCH CHARLEY'S"
oct93t Stables, Los Angeles street.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
i. O. O, Il.

TINHE OFFICERS and Members of Angelic
4 Lodge No l95, i. .. 0. f., are hereby no.
tined to attend Special Meeting of the Lodge
to be held this (FRIDAY) evening, att o'clock
sharp. |. j. SMITH, N. G..
r. A. PREUss, JR, X. s. oct9-It
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
Special Notice.

HARS WILL LEAVE depot, until further
~ notice, at 3:45 p. NJ, to con nect with steam.
ers OrZaba and Ventura, for san Francisco
Other days usual time
f. f.. HEWITT
oct9tf Superintendent.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

r. n. CHASE. NJ. %.

NURGEON AND PRACTITIONER OF HO-
- meopathy. Office, rooms I, and s in Per
ry & Riley's new building. Office hours, from
to IL A. NJ, To 3 and TO 9 p. NJ.
sS- Special attention given to diseases oi
women and children. oct9tf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
SAN FRANCISCO.
Troubles of Coroner Rice Panama
Steamer,

SAN FRANCISCO, October Sth.-Cor-
oner Rice of this city has been held to
answer for embezzlement and misde-
meanor in office.
The steamer Montana, from Pana-
ma, arrived yesterday evening, with
3S5 passengers, $21, 1870 in treasure and
Gl0 tons of freight.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

A lodge of Odd Fellows is being or
ganiZed at Ukiah.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
NOTICE.

YNHE STOCKHOLDERS of the Southern
Il California Sanitary Hotel and Industrial
College Association, VIII meet at The office OF
the Secretary, on the 10th of October, al 10
O'Clock A. NJ
GEORGE G. GIBBS,
Oct. 5, 1874. Secretary
b-l0d
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
Dissolution of Partnership.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

DART INTEREST IN A GOOD PAYING
4 once business on Main street. Cash re-
quired, $500.
ANE OF THE BEST BAR AND BILLIARD
~ Saloons in the City. Very easy terms.
A VERY FINE, AND THE BEST Lo-
"A Gated Wine. Beer and Oyster Saloon in
inns CITY, elaboratelv fitted up, with large
stock. Low rent and doing q splendid bust
ness. VIII be sold at great bargain owner
retiring from business. Apply to
DEWEY. KIMBALE e. CO.
U. :. Hotel Building, cor. Los Angeles st.
oct6-lw
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
Massachusetts Republicans.

Boston, October Sth.-The Massa-
ehusetts Republican State Convention
has nominated Governor Talbot for
Governor, H. G. Knight for Lieuten-
ant-Governor, Oliver Warner for Sec
retary of State, and c. r. Vain for
Attorney General.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09

ms \ magnificent collection handsomely
printed-elegantly bouhd-and the entire edi-
ton OF Two THOUSAND TO be given away Ask
lor Them at the principal business houses
Los Angeles daily herald., 1874-10-09
The Louisiana Matter.
Thrown Out Last Session.

WASHINGTON, October 9TH. - The
appropriation for the continuance OF
the Pacific Ocean survey, under the
direction of the Bureau of Naviga
ton, was thrown out by the Commit.
tee of Conference at the last momen
of the last session of Congress. The
necessity for these serveys has been
apparent to the Navy Department anC
urged by the photographic officers
and the purchase of suitable vessels
for that purpose is now advised by the
Bureau of Naviga ton.
The daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1873-1877, 1874-01-22
VINEGAR BITTERs.

DIR. Walkers California Vim
egar Bitters are a purely Vegetable
preparation, made chiefly from the ma
tive herbs found on the lower ranges OF
tie Sierra Nevada mountains OF Calitor-
MIA, the medicinal properties OF which
are extracted therefrom without the use
OF Alcohol. The question is almost
daily asked, "What is the cause OF the
unparalleled success of VINEGAR BIT
TERSY Our answer is, that they remove
the cause OF disease, and the patient re-
covers his health. They are the great
blood purifier and a life giving principle,
a perfect Renovation and Invigorat0r
of the system. Never before in the
history of the world has medicine been
compounded possessing the remarkable
qualities of VINEGAR BITTERs III healing the
sick of every disease man is heir to. They
are a gentle Purgative as well as Tonic,
relieving Congestion or Inflammation Of
the Liver and Visceral Organs, in Bilious
Diseases. =
The properties of DR.. WALKERS
VINEGAR Buffers are Aperient, Diaphoretlc,
Carininative, Nutritious, Laxative, Dluretlc,
Sedative, Counter Irritant, Sudorflc, Aitera'
tive and Anti-RilieUs. ta
r.. III. MCDONALD & CO..
Druggists and Gen. Agts.. San Francisco California,
Sold by ali Druggists and Dealers.