davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22

I and convicted of petit larceny rom the person.
Edgar O. Fuller testified that on the 24rh Of Decem
ber when passing through Nassau street, he
caught the prisoner stealing nfty cent fractional
currency stamp out OF the sob pocket OF his over
coat The evidence was SO positive that the jury
rendered verdict OF guilty without leaving their
iof three years and six months. I Is,
John Connors who was Jointly indicted with
larceny rom the person. Tue evidence clearly
showed that Connors was acting In completely
when he pcSsd me Oh Docket or p" % inn smS
81 10 as ne was passing through Nassau street
James Mitchell pleaded guilty 10 an attempt at
26th OF December he stole $50 from Frank Strobel.
Ihese prisoners were each sent TO the State
Prison for two years and six months
Notorious Professfonal Burglar Sent to
II Sing Sing Prison.
On motion OF Assistant District Attorney Allen
George Jackson, alias Livingston, alias Lockwood.
was arraigned upon an old indictment, to which
he pleaded to an attempt at burglary in the third
degree, when judgment was suspended. Mr..
Mitchell spoke in favor OF lenency being extended
TO the prisoner, who promised to reform.
Mr.. Allen replied by saying that Lockwood was
known TO the police Hs being the most expert bur-
rested complete set of the implements used by
such criminals was found In his possession. The
City Judge sentenced Lockwood to the state Prison
for two years and six months, that being the
longest term which the law permitted the Court to
send him on the plea
Lottery Policy Dealer SENT to the Peni-
tentiary.
Michael Glover, cOlored man, pleaded guilty to
an Indictment charging him, on complaint of Oncer
Seaman, with selling lottery policy. Judge
Sutherland In passing sentence, said that Assist
ant District Attorney Rollins informed him that
Glover was the least guilty Of the lottery policy
men who had been arrested, he being too poor to
procure bail. He sentenced Glover to the Penlten-
tiary for one month, remarkinR that he did not
want it to be understood as precedent for when
ever the principal Offenders in these cases were
tried before him he would impose the full penalty
OF the law.
Acqufttals.
George Gross, a little boy, was tried upon
charge OF Durglariously entering the basement of
Michael Moskevtz, No. so yesey street. on the It'll
OF January. The evidence was circumstantial and
as the employers OF the lad gave him good char.
acter, the jury rendered a verdict OF not guilty
Peter Rooms, who was indicted with Robert
Jackson. charged with breaking into q concert
saloon in Chatham street on the 2eth of December,
was also promptly acquitted the evidence showing
that Jackson was the barkeeper and Rooms was
his friend.
Catherine McNally was found not guilty OF q
charge OF stealing box, containing S155 in
Wagner. No. 5l3 West Forty-fftn street, on the I'd
OF this month Aman who was with her stole the
box and escaped.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
WASHINGTON, Jan. q, 1874

WASHINGTON, Jan. g. 1874
No. 100. Zantzinger ct al. VS.. GuntOn ct al
Appeal from the Supreme Court OF the District OF
Columpia-This bill was nled by Zantzinger and
others to obtain an accounting from Gunton of the
proceeds OF the sale Of certain parcels OF ground
conveyed to HIM In trust by Fischer, deceased,
for the benefit Of the Bank of Washington to which
the deceased was indebted. The question was
whether the bank was authorized under its charter
to axe the Land satisfaction OF its debt; and If
SO whether It's trustees could exercise the same
powers. The decision was in favor OF the bank
and the case IL brought here for review, the plain
TIL in error contending that the Court erred In the
conclusion and its ruling upon the evidence lead
ing to It. Merrick, Miller Durant for appellants;
MCPHERSON b Davldge for appelees.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
BUSINESS IN THE OTHER COURTS
UNITED STATES CIRCUIT CausT.

Tho Trial OF BenOni Howard-AIleged
COunterfeiting Case.
The further hearing OF the case Of Benoni How
ard, who is indicted for counterfeitang match
stamps, was resumed yesterday before Judge Bene-
dict and the jury.
Nj. A. II. Purdy United States Assistant District
Attorney, appeared for the prosecution and Mr..
Hun ungdon and Messrs. Blankman for the defence
Mr.. Huntington concluded his address to the
jury on behalf of the defendant, and Mr.. Purdy re-
piled Tor the government. He had not finished his
argument ar the adjournment OF the Court. In all
probability the Judge Will deliver his charge to the
Jury this afternoon.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
SUPREME l0UBT-cHAHBeSS.
Decision Q.

Decisions.
By Judge Lawrence
Muller vs.. Pender.-Allowance granted.
Higgins vs.. 0Conneu. Herdtielder vs.. Fincke,
Hustis VS.. bustls.-Memorandums
Harlow vs.. Drew, Continental National Bank vs..
Richards, Lehman VS.. Hoppe, Hartt VS.. Mower,
Elias VS.. Robinson, Bigelow vs. Jones, Schuster VS..
Noelke.-Motions granted.
In the Matter, &C, Gould.-Writ discharged;
prisoner remanded.
Barstow. &c. VS.. Hanson.-Motion denied.
Blank VS.. Bank.-Reporr confirmed and judg-
ment Of divorce granted.
Holbrook vs.. Mier.-Motion denied, with SIC
costs.
Marshall vs. Jordan, &c.-Memorandum.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
A Brace Of Desperate Burglars. Z
YOGKVI lie POLICE COURT.
An Illegal Voter in Bad Hands,

An Illegal Voter in Bad Hands.
Lawrence Mccarthy returned few days ago
from the Island where he had spent term Of some
months on complaint of his wife for drunkenness.
He attempted to vote Illegally in the Eleventh
district of the TwentY-frst Assembly district on
Tuesday, and was arrested therefor by Roundsman
Hitchman, Of the Twenty third precinct, who Ene "
that ne did not reside where he represented ne
did. At the above Court yesterday Justice Murray
committed him for trial, the evidence against him
being pretty conclusive. sal 4rIe
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
SUPREME CcuRT-GeNERAL TERM.
Special Notice to the Bal

Special Notice to the Bar.
Before judges DAVIS Daniels and Donohue.
Ordered that hereafter, IN all cases brought on
for argument in this department, there shall be
furnished By the respective parties addition to
Court, one COPY Of the case and one copy OF the
points OF counsel on each side to the Clerk OF the
Court, who shall, Immediately before the adjourn
ment OF the Court transmit the same to the re-
porter appointed pursuant to law to report the
decisions Of the Supreme Court OF this State.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
SUPERIOR CouRT-speclAL TERM
DecISiOns.

By Chief Justice Monen.
Elliot Va. Ackernan.-Motion denied.
Hawkins vs.. kinzlIe.-Reierence ordered.
Freck VS.. White.--0rder for Judgment.
Taussis VS.. Hart.-0rder granted.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
PATAL sOAPP0LD CASUALTY.

John Sheppard an EnelishmAn, nfty years Of age
died IN Bellevue Hospital on Tuesday night from
the effects OF injuries received on the 18th ult by
falling from scafoid while engaged In painting an
oil factory at Astoria, l., !. An inquest VIII 20
Aeld hY GQIpnoy laokho6 INA xM lofAQG0a
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
COURT or APPEALS pAY CALENDAR.

ALBANY, Jan. q, 1874.
Tho following is the Court OF Appeals day calen-
OAR for January 22:-Nos. 81 ~ 80 35k, So, 34H, L.
t6 and S.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
ESSEX MARKET POLICE COURT.

The Tompkins Square Rioters Again.
The case Of Christian Meyer, which has already
been published in 1ull in the HERALD who Is
charged with hitting Sergeant Berghold on the
head with q hammer on the day OF tine Tompkins
square riot, was before the Court again
yesterday. Sergeant Berghold has been con-
fined to his bed ever since the day OF
received at the hands of Meyer The latter had
consequently to be remanded to prison to await
the result OF the serReant's injuries Sergeant
Berghold with his head still bandaged up, APP
peared in Court yesterday and embodied his story
OF the assault IN an attidavit. Meyer was brought
forth and said he was not guilty. he also stated
that he desired be tried at the General Sessions
and the Justice held him IN s., 006 bail to appear
there. ..r'-.4
"A Brace Of Desperate Burglars.
At about two O'Clock on Tuesday morning Mrs.
Abby Eutlee and family, who own the jewelry
store No. 7 avenue B, and live overhead, heard q
noise Of glass breaking down stairs. Having the
many burglarles committed Of late before their
eyes the family became alarmed; and q deecen {
was made towards the shop Just In time
to see two burly rufnans making their exit
through the rear door, An alarm was et once
and the thieves were found In neighboriDQ
alleyway, concealed behind some old barrels. They
were arrested and searched and $40 worth OF
the stoen jewelry found upon them. They gave
their names as James Campbell, OF No. 420 East
Eleventh street. and John Wheelan, OF No. $40 East
Thirteenth street. They were held in $4,000 BAH
for trial. f1f nrf
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1874-01-22
MARINE C0uRT--CHAMBeRs.
Decisions.

BY Judge Joachimsen.
Story VS.. Cruz.-Motion granted as to $l4; de-
MED as TO residue.
Britton vs.. CrOss.-Motion TO vacate order ex-
tending time denied on defendant stipulating &c.
Gottscho VS.. Wanneim- vacated,
with costs.
Nelson vs.. OBrien.--Motion ordered to be heard
at General Term.
Crane vs. Smith.--Judgment opened on terms.
OSullivan va. Reed.--M0tlon Tor leave TO discon-
tnue denied, without costs.
Herkess VS.. Doll.-Judgment vacated for irregu.
1arity, with $40 costs.
Dwight Va. Hunter.-Order OF arrest vacated,
with SO costs
Lowensten va. woff--Motion granted, with $40
costs, to abide the event.
COURT Or GENERAL SESSIONS.
Two Professional Pickpockets Sent to
the state Prison.
Before Judge Sutherland.
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS .
Notice TO Contractors.

IyEALED PROPOSALS wili BE- re-
~ ceiyed for the erection and compile
tion ola Frame School House, until the
Boar re Education Of Falling Waters
Distri vl meet, to determine and
make i on;-the house to be To-
Gated in District No. in said
District
The strae re is to be frame, and
made of 81 sawed lumber, the shin
giles to be the best quality Of oak;
the roof ~ troject at each gable, cor
responding with square box cornice,
with return lit each corner.
In the uom there are to be seven
windows three in each side and one in
the rear; the window frames and sash
to be made of No | white pine, and
large enough to admit of one dozen
glass 9x12- and to be furnished with
batten shutters and accompanying fix
lures; the sash to be furnished above
and below with spring catches, so that
they may be raised or lowered at pleas
ure, the door to be panneled, with steps
in front of door; in front gable a flight
sash. glass 9x12; the floors are to be of
yellow pine of the best quality, and
tongued and grooved; the walls to be
lined with boards, Of same quality as
floor, as high as window stills, and put
on vertically; the remaining part of the
room to be lathed, plastered and whit
ened, there are to be black
on each side of window in rear-five
feet high, made of Plaster of Paris and
hlackened; there is to be small Chin
ney in the centre of the house, to eX-
tend from upper floor through the roof
the joists for upper floor are TO be 2x6
inches, of good lumber, placed not
more than two feet from centre to
centre, and the same TO be connected
with top Of rafters by struts; the joists
for lower floor are to be 2xl0 inches,
and placed not more than Il feet apart
and to be of good lumber and well
bridged; in the rearthere is to be aplat-
form, surm ounted with Teachers desk
ard seat; for the pupils there are to be
twenty-nine desks, high in front and
lncllning downward to rear,
The house to be weatherboarded with
German Siding of No. l quality; the
outside Of the house to be painted; the
dimensions ofthe exterior to be 20x30
feet and 0 feet high from foundation
wall to the caves, with q substantial
stone foundation.
There viii be sealed proposals re-
CeiNtG aGble same tlIne lOr lue eIectiVll
and completion of Brick School
House, to be located at same place, and
10 be built of the same material and
finished as above specified; the board
10 determine what kind they will build
after having received the proposals
aforesaid By order of the Board Of
Edusation.
DANIEL FLEMING, Sec'y
Board of Education,
deco Falling Waters Dist
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10

THE ADAMS EXPRESS co

Have two Expresses East laily--cne at
90 q. m. and one at III 50 a. M The
90 a. m. Train to Washington, D. g..
carrying Express for Harpers Ferry, Ha-
gerstown, Winchester, Washington, and
the South. The Il SIS a. IN. carries Ex-
press for all points on the b AZ o. r. R.,
Baltimore and East, North and South.
G. A. ANDERS, Agent.
1873 novll2d-mw
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10


COSMOLINE IS the concentrated extract
of the healing properties Of Petroleum,
which are known. II IL The most bland
aud soothing remedy ever used beside
possessing more healing power than ans
suhstanseov compound ever prepared tits
NATURES SOVEREIGN REMEDY
for almost all the daily casualties which
occur in households, the workshop, or on
the farm, as well as for many Of the dis
eases which atlict humanity.
FOR BURNS AND SCALDS
|. il is invaluable, cooling and 80 thing the
injured parts ut once, and producing
perfect cure in q very short time. without
leaving any scars For this purpose
alone, ii is
A BLESSING TO THE WORLD.
FOR FROSTED LIMBS. CoSai0LINE
is fully as eficacious as for burns and
scalds restoring healthy acticn h the
injured parts very quickly. II ii also the
best possible remedy for Ghilblains and
Chapped Hands.
FOR RHEUMATISM, especially Entlnua-
atory, most forms Of NEURALGIA,
swelling Of Limbs or Glands, CJSMO-
LINE affords in the shortest possible time
the
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
COMMISSIONERS NOTICE

Samuel Busey ct al Circuit Court
vs. Berkeley Co.,
Martha ]. silvers ct al. Nov. term '73.
III aving referred the above cause to
Il a Commissioner of said Court, to
ascertain and report who are the heirs
at-law of Abraham Mcconnell, dec d,
now living and entitled to distribution
of said fund to the parties severally
entitled.
Parties interested in the foregoing
order will take notice that will attend
ut my Office, in the town of Martins
burg, on Monday, the 26th day of
January, 1874, to execute the above
order of reference.
j. 7. PICKING, Com'r.
BLACKBURN & LAMoN, Attys.
deo20w6t
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
NERVOUS AFFFCTIONS.

NEhNUUS AFFECTIONS.
1t is invaluable as tonic. It will
impart strength TO the system, purify
the.blood and restore the lost appetite.
1t is also certain to remove all obstrue-
tions to the regular course Of nature in
females, purifying the complexion and
giving elasticity to the spirits.
Also a sure remedy for the diseases of
Green Sickness or Chiorosis, Leuchor-
rhea or Whites. Womb Complaint or
Falling of the Womb, &c. But like all
remediesof this class should be used
with caution by Married Ladies'
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD
VIII be given to any person who viii
produce any medicine that will effect a
more speedy and perfect cure of the
diseases herein mentioned
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
PEARLS OF MELODY.

A splendid collection of Piano
music Of medium difficulty. SO in
boards; cloth and gilt, S4. Address,
j. l.. PETERS,
Box 5429. 500 Broadway. N. Y.
dec23
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
For Singers and Young Pianist,

Send 30 cents for Peters Musical
Monthly" and you will get 81 worth of
new music. Every number contains
or 6 songs, and 4 or 5 instrumental
pieces by such authors as Hays, Stew
art, Thomas, banks, Kinkel, etc.
Published monthly-30 cents per
number; So per year.
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
SEWING MACHINES.

~ ALL and see the Sewing Ma
~ chimes / have ON exhibition at
the hardware store Of II. N. Riddle,
which am selling at cost.
III. L. DOLL.
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
Da. DkLisIG X PEOUTZ'>
CELEBRATED TONIC ELIXR.
THE HOUSEHOLD REMEDY.


During thirty-five years, DR.. 0ellig
has been using this Elixir in his private
practice. Heis one Of the most success
ful physicians in the State Of Pennsyl-
vania. His practice has been extensive.
All kinds Of diseases have come under
his notice, and wherever and wherev
he has used this remedy, has found it
20 answer his purpose. Indeed, SO reli-
able and beneficial has he found it to be
III curing certain diseases, that he has
kindly placed 1t withinthe reach Of the
public, SO that all who are suffering
from these diseases may take it and reg
aintheir health. 1t will cure
Dyspepsia SICK Head Ache, Lirer Conn
plant, Habitaai CoStireness. Cranap
ia the Stomach, GraCcl, Diseases
Of the Skin, General Debit
IN, o. Weakness caused
by Excess, Inpru-
deaec, or Erp0-
eslgss aud MI
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
nj o T I c E.

To all whom it may concern.
forewarn any and all persons from
buying or negotiating for not given
by me to III S Farnsworth, in or about
the month of May, 1862, as have legal
offsets against the same.
JOHN S GRANTHAM.
dec20w3t
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
COMMISSIONERS NOT.

Archibald Myers ] Circuit Court of
Daniel Riner. Nov. term 1873
IT aving referred the above cause to a
HI Commissioner of the Court, to as
certain and report what liens exist, if
any, against the lands of the defendant,
Daniel Riner, the amount ofsame with
their respective priotities.
Parties interested in the foregoing
order will take notice that l will attend
at my office, in the town of Martins
burg, on Thursday, the 22d day of
January, 1874, to execute the foregoing
reference.
j. 7. PICKING, Conn
BLAcKBURN & LAMoN, Att'ys.
dec20M4t
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
COMMISSIONERS NOTICE.

In the Circuit Court
Sarah Minchen for Berkeley Co.,
VS.. at its November
j. +. Reed ct al. term, 1878.
II aving referred the above cause to a
Ii Commissioner of said Court, to
ascertain and report the heirs-at-law Of
Mary Roush, late Mary Busey, decd,
and of William Reed. decd, in order
to make distribution of a fund, now in
the hands of the court.
Parties interested in the above order
will take notice that will attend at my
Office, in the town of Martinsburg,
West Va, on Thursday, the 10Th day
of January, 1874, to execute the fore
going reference.
WIsNER, j. T. PICKING,
Attorney. Commissioner.
dec20W6t
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10

Try the American Star Leather
Cleaner and Dresser, for Harness, Boots,
Shoes and everything in the way Of
Leather, for sale by
GETTINGER& H0KE,
Bsondell's Building,
nov27 73-w Cor Queen 4 Aartin st
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10

GLOVES / GLOVES l--Messrs Get
finger and Hoke are the agents for the
sale OF "Updegratf's" celebrated hagers-
town gloves, at factory prices; they are
certainly nicer and more durable than
any gloves in the market nov27w
Martinsburg weekly independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1873-1875, 1874-01-10
HApPlEST RELIEF

One TITS AND BRUISES, The action
Of C0SMOLINE IS almost magical TT
promptly applied, II prevents soreness,
and the wounds heal very rapidly
FOR PILES. il has proved 10 be an
unequalled remedy, and many i sufferer
has blessed the day Of its introduction
FOR SKIN DISEASES we can recon-
mend ii with the greatest confidence, cs-
pccially for Salt Rheum, letter, Eczema
etc., and Tccthing humonrs
We might so on ennmerating the many
other conditions for which il Ii une-
qualled, but viii only add that wherever
there ia Inflammation from any cause, cos
MOLINE brings i rapid and happy relies,
and will he the
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1874-12-19
COAL TAR FOR SALE

"A JOHN L. REIFsNIDER,
President Westminster Gas Light Co.
mar left
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1874-12-19
AT PRIVATE SALE.

A beautiful Building Site of is ACRES,
"A also lO} ACRES WOOD LOT adjoin.
ing, in all about 20 or 80 ACRES, near
Spring Mill Station Oh the Western Maryland
Railroad, one and quarter miles West of
Westminster, will be sold separate or together;
quality of land none better in the county, with
one or two splendid springs upon it, and a
beautiful Building Site for Dwelling and
Dairy; running water through all oft.
Also Tract of Land close by but does not
join, of ~ ACRES and PERCHES, adjoin-
ing Mr. Jacob Myerly, Washington Durbin
and others; the land lays level and is of ex-
cellent quality, with good spring and running
water upon Il; also good Grain Barrick on
il. II Is very valuable and desirable lot of
land as a whole or in lots; it has been laid off
into four lots and will be sold so il desired.
All Of the lots are beautiful Building Lots,
only one mile from Westminster.
Forfurther information address or call upon
JOHN II. BOWERS,
dee l2.2m Westminster, Nd.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1874-12-19
PROCLAMATION!
STATE OF MARYLAND,
~ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,

STATE OF MARYLAND.
~ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
ANNAPOLIS, Nov. 18th, 1874.
WHEREAS, An Election was held in tbi,
State on the 3D. day of November, present.
for Six Representatives from this State, IN
the Congress Of the United States and Il il
the duty Of the Governor in the case of such
an election to ascertain the number of votes
gwen for each person voted for, from the Of.
iiciai returns Of the judges of election cert.
fed to him; and thereupon by Executive
Proclamation to declare the result.
Ind Whereas, By the said returns so Ger.
titled, and on enumeration ofthe votes given for
theseyeral Candidates as Representatives from
this State, to the Congress ofthe United States.
itappears that PHILIP F. THOMAS had the
greatest number of votes in the First Con.
gressonal District; CHARLES B. ROB.
ERTS, in the Second Congressional District;
WILLIAM j. 0'BRIEN, in the Third Con.
gressional District; THOMAS SWAMI, in
the Fourth Congressional District; ELI j.
HENKLE, in the Fifth Congressional Dis,
trict; and WILLIAM WALSH, in the Sixth
Congressional District
Now, therefore, JAS. BLACK GR0OME,
Governor OF the State Of Maryland, by this,
my proclamation, do declare and make known
that the said PHILIP +. THOMAS, for the
First Congressional District; CHARLES b.
ROBERTS, for the Second Congressional
District; WILLIAM J. 0iBRIEN, for the
Third Congressional District; THOMAS
SWAMI, for the Fourth Congressional Dis.
trict; ELI ]. HENKLE, for the Fifth Con.
gressional District; and WILLIAM WALSH.
for the Sixth Congressional District. are d,dv
elected Representatives from the State Of Mary
land in the E,nrf,,. Es..,.-1k C..,,..... r. al