davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04
OBITUARY.

26, 1871, Alexander lloleman, IN Inc
S4th year of his age.
Judge Holeman was born in Lyco-
ming Co., Pa, and when eight years
old camo with his parents to the place
known as Holcman's Ferry, three
miles below this place. He remained
on the farm where his father settled
until about eighteen. months before his
death, when he came and resided with
his daughter Mrs. j. G.. Dale, remain
ing there until he died. At the time
of his settlement at the ferry, the near
est white Inhabitants, with one excep-
ton, were at Franklin and Titusvile
The exception was Mr.. McCray's fam
ily, at Eagle Rock. Hence he wit
messed the dawn of civilization here,
and was personally identified with the
rise, progress and improvements of this
section. When he came, the smoke
of the Indian wigwam was rising
among the hills, aud the children of
the red men were his playmates. "He
saw their heartbstones become desolate
and the white mans cabin rise be-
meath the trees" In every depart
ment of life he made the most Of the
few opportunities and meagre means
within his reach, aud, for his earnest
endeavors, he had the satisfaction of
feeling he had gained the confidence
and respect of the community. He
served three months in the war Of 1912,
and subsequently held a captains
commission IN the MALTA. He was
County Auditor, Commissioner, and
for several years Justice of the Peace,
in Venango county. In 1871 he was
elected to the State Legislature, and
while there he had few equals, and no
superiors in influence. The passage ol
what was called the Relief Bill, de-
pended in large degree upon his per
; sonal efforts in its favor. Some of his
repartees OH that occasion were so keen
caustic and original, as to be long re-
membercd especially by the opposer'
Of the bill. Subsequent history "a;
demonstrated the wisdom Of those who
staked their all upon its passage. He
I
also 7servel one term as Associate
Judge of Venango county. His con
victions of right we're higher anC
Stronger than party ties or party in
terests. He died of no disease tn,
machinery was simply worn out. II,
) Imd iised more than the measure o
, years accorded to man, aud was ready
, and willing to go when he was callel !
Hedied like an infant going to sleep
without pain. His funeral was large
, I ly attended the services being con
dueted by ReY, %. B. Clark, who wa
, very well ao4uaiOted with the deceased
in life, and his appropriate remarks oil
the oeeasios were listened to by
large and interested congregation. Al
ter the services, the procession moyeC
down the river, to the place wher
nearly all Mr.. Holeman's life ha,
been passed, and he, was buried besid
his wife, who died some five years be
fore he was called away. May his las
rest'be as peaceful as his life was use
fll, and may we all initiate his viz
tues. ai .sI-i
j Judge Coon, of Clarington calle'
upon us last week and we Intervene,
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04
Time Of Trdins

Time Of Trains
At TIoN ESTA STATION, on aud aftcr
November ~, 1873;
souTn-lsr CLASS.
Train az 500 p. IN.
20 CLASS.
Train 60 ll:O2 n. m.
" 81 3;26 p. IN.
NoRrn-~lSr GLASS;
Train 2l $500 p. M.
4" 80 l2:40 p. IN,
ON the River Division 1. c. from Oil City
90 Irvineten, up the river is North down
the river, south.
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04
Fourth Grand Gift Concert
FOR THE BENKFIT OF THE i92'
PUBLIC LlBRARYgKENTUcKY
On Tuesday, 3ist of March. Next
10000 Tickets. $4,000 Gifts.
= y. I1sr an GIFTs .
si,5O0.0oD
And Insect Powder.

sul lotaiy saIrU uE. 2 r.- Ha SiioVYfvvO
va. The concert and distribution of gifts
will positively and unequivocally take
place on the day now fixed, whether all
tho tickets are sold or not, and the 1900
gifts paid in proportion TO the nunber of
tickets sold. IN. ....,.o, n, -,,,s
PRICE OF TICK ETS.
Whole Tickets, $50 Halves: SIS; Tenths,
or each coupon IS Eleven SholeD tickets
for $500; 22f Tickets for $1,000; i lB. Whole
Tickets for $1,000; 227 Whole Tickets for
SI0, 600 No discount on less than $500
worth of tickets. ,sYijsI29Tqqhr ,osui
The time for the drawing is noar at innd
and persons intending to purchase tickets
have no time to lose.
THOS. L. BRAMLETTE.
Agent Public Library Ly., and Manager
6ift Concert, Public Library Builing,
Louisville, KY, or H.. .....,,,,, h,
|THOS. II. HAYS & CO.,
soc Eastern Agents, 600 Broadway, My.
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04
CENTRAL HOUSE,

NOTICE is hereby given that We intend
~ to apply to the Legislature for tine
passage Of am act the title of which shall
be IAN act to repeal all local lien laws in
the counties of Crawford, Venango, War
ren, Forest, Clarion, Butler and Arm
strong, and the object of said act shall be
as stated in the title. L. $. Tarbell, II. o..
JOY, o. ID. Harrington, $. b. StOwell, A. s..
Ralston, NJ. B. Grossbecl, IL. B. Porter,
S. II. Carpenter, David Emery, J. d. An
gier.
February II, 1874.
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04

G1Oto,SlOO In Wall st. often leads TO u
tp Oiortune. No risk. - page pam
phlet for stamp. Valentine Tumbridge a
TO-. Bankers and Brokers. ~ Wali-st., y.
y. 39-4t.
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04

Don't fail TO go to Robinson d
Bonner's if you went stoves, stoyepipe
or tinware. 43-tf
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04

The lightest running Machine in
the aeorld is the Grover & Baker, at
least Baldwin, of Tidioute says so,
and he knows. e,0ag 46 1y
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04

During the month of February
the national debt was reduced s2,520,-
O47.
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1874-03-04

B. j, Reid, Esq, well-knOwn to
many Of our readers as lawyer of
fine abilities, who has been practicing
in Titusville for the past two or three
years, is about TO move to Erie, He
will, in all probability accumulate a
good practice in very short time,
Col, Thomas, of this place was at
Harrisburg last week at the reunion of
the old members of the Legislature, ,he
having represented Chester county, we
believe, in that body some years ago.
No doubt it WAS pleasant occasion.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
The prOperties of DE-. WALKER's
Grateful Thousands proelaim VIM

VINEGAR BITTERs are Aperient, DiaphOretic,
Carminative, Nutritious, Laxative. DiUretic,
Sedative, Counter-Irritant, Sudorific, Altera-
tirn nnd mil RilinnS
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
REMINGTON SEWING MACHINE.
AWARDED
The "Medal for Progress"
At VIENNA. 1873.
The Highest Order of "Medal' Awarded at the
Exposition.
No Sewing Machine received Higher Prize
L Few Good Reasons:

IA new invention thoroughly tested and Sc
cured ny Letters Patent.
2.--Makes perfect Lock Stitch, alike on both
sizes, on all kinds of goods.
S.-Runs light, smooth, nOiscless and rapid
but combination of qualities.
4.-Durable-runs for years without repairs.
".-Will do all varieties of work and fancy
stitching in superior manner.
G.--ls most easily managed by the OPERATOR
Length OF stitch may be altered while running,
and machine cad be threaded without passing
thread through holes.
7.-Desien Simple, Ingenious, Elegant, form
ing the stitch without the use Of cog wheel gears,
rotary cams or lever arms. Has the Automatic
Drop Feed, which insures uniform length of
stitch at any speed. Has our new thread con-
trollcr, which allows easy movement of needle
bar ard prevents injury TO thread.
S.-COnstruction most careful and finished. IL
is manufactured by the most skillful and ex-
pcrienced mechanics. at the celebrated Reming-
ton ArmOry, HiOn, y. Y. Philadelphia Office
$40 Chestnut street. oct. g, 1S74.-2m
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
HOUSEHOLD.

To MAKE SUPERIOR MINCE-MEAT.-A B
lady sends the GsTnlGnto,r1p Telegraph the f.
ing receipt for making mince meat, which !
in season Take seven pounds of currants
picked over and cleaned of finely choppe
suet, the lean of a sirlOin of beef minceC
and finely chopped apples, (the golden ,
or Smiths cider preferred } each three
half pounds ; citrOn, lemon-peel and orang
cut small, each half pound fine moist
two pounds; mixed spice, an ounce mi
and put in deep pan. Mix n bottle OF
and white wine, the juice of the lemon
oranges that have been grated together il
sin; pour half over and press down tigr
the hand, then add the other half and
closely. This will keep whole year or l
and is frequently made one season to kee
for the next.
BREAKFAST ROLLs.--Take q coffeecup
new milk, two beaten eggs, half 4 cup o
yeast, teaspOonful of salt, a teaspoon
sugar, two tablespoonfuls of butter or
lard, stir in briskly enough sifted -four t
Il stiff batter. They should be mixed in th
ut tea time, and covered up to rise. Late
evening, when the dough is light, mold it
the board and put back in the pan, an.
again. In the morning tear of, but do d
in pieces of sufficient size to twis. up int
working it as little as possible when tb
up, bake in Il quick oven, and eat theT
hot.
To REMOVE WARTS FROM HANDs.-Pt
a dimes worth of spirits of hartshorn
warts, or, if very numerous, that portion
hand where the warts are, with a small
of the spirits of hartshorn each night and
ing for about three weeks, not wash
hands Immediately after. The use Of it
cause any pain unless it comes in cont,
a cut or bruise. cure is usually effe
about three weeks.
The best way for drying boots which
says the AgrieElturist, is to fiji
full Of dry oats. The oats rapidly abso
last yestige of moisture from the leather,
so doing swell and fill the boot as with
fitting last, keep its form good and dry
leather without hardening it. When the
is concluded the oats can be shaken
placed where they can dry aud be ready
vice on the next wet night.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
THE KING BARBER SHOP

THE KING BARBER SHOP
rs THE SHOP OF THE TOWN - and long
Il has been ask history and she will tell You
Men have grown old in our patronage
Babies on their mothers breast
To bouncing boys at play;
And youths by maidens fair caresSed,
To stalwart men with cares oppressed,
And old men silver gray.
And among the hOnOred and lasting impress
siOns of time, and the crash of revolutions in
circumstances, We stand q living monumental
memento of the ingenuity and perseverance ap-
pertaining to the identity of progression, plying
our vocation with the highest style of art and
perfection, and aspiring to achieve the highest
reward of merit attainable in our humble capaci-
ty, and the sentiment of respect and appreciation
which the presence of superior appliances and es-
tablishment are always wont to inspire.
Always to please
We shave with ease
Cut and comb with taste the hair;
Shampoo the head with soothing care,
And color the whiskers black or brown,
To suit the people about the town.
Then allow me politely request you to stop,
And not 90 past nor from around our shop.
To get shaved on the basis of ability-nor as
some have done for our use of the ballot for prin-
ciple-sacred and right-nOr under the common
secret and inyidious guise Of enmity to complex
ion for the cut of 4 mans coat, or the color of
his skin, ought not to affect his usefulness nor
his qualifications. A fair chance is all that We
demand, to give the proof to all the land.
JAMES W. WASHINGTON.
Proprietor.
Sunbury, April 5, 1878; No 81, Market st.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27

WORK FOR ALI, at home, male female; $3j per
week. day evening. No capital. We send valuable
package of goods by mail free. Address with cent
return stamp. NJ YoUHe. l73. Greenwich ST., NY.
Nov. l3. 4w
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
Philadelphia & Reading Railroad.
WINTER ARRANGEMENTS.
NOVEMBER 9th, 1874.

NOVEMBER 9th, 1874.
TRAINS LEAVE IERNDOS As FOLLOWS (SUNDAYs
ExCEPTED.)
For Shamokih, 1910, II 90 a. m. and $40
p. IN.
For Mt. Carmel, Ashland, Tamaqua, Pottsville.
Reading and Philadelphia, 1910 a. m.
TRAINS FOR HEREDOS, LEAVE AS Follows {:
SUNDAYS EXCEPTED.)
Leave ShamOkin at 500 q. m. l.5O and 355
p. m.
Leave Philadelphia, 9.15 4. m., Reading 1l.S0
a. m, POttsville, 10 p. M, Tamaqua, 1.e0 m.
Ashland, 2.35 p. m, Mt. Carmel, 3.2I p. m.
TRAINS LEAVE HARRISBURG, AS Follows:
For New York, $50, $40 q. m. and 200 *7.4O
p. m.
For Philadelphia, $50, s.1O9 a. M, .. 90 ard
CSC, p. m.
SUNDAYS.
For New York, $50 a. IN.
For Philadelphia, 1.45 p. m.
TRAINS FOR HARRIsBURG, LEAVE As Follows:
Leave New York, 900 a. m, 12.40 and 80,
%7.45 p. m.
Leave Philadelphia, 9.1j 4. IN. $40 and 7.15
p. IN.
SUNDAYS.
Leave New York, $50 p. IN.
Leave Philadelphia, 7.15 ?. N.
*Via Morris anC Essex R.R.
J.E. WOOTTEN,
General Sup't.
Reading, Pa. Nov. Is, 1874.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
LiQ UOR STOI RE-,
CHRISTIAN NEFF,

Second Street, opposite the Court House, SUN
BURY, Pa,
Respectfully invites the attention of Retailers
and others, that he has on hand, and will con-
stantly keep all kinds of
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LIQUORS,
Consisting of Pure Brandes: Cogniac. Cherry,
Ginger, Rochelle and Otard.
Whistles: Pure Rye COpper-nistillcd Mon"u-
"ahca, Apple and Nectar.
PURE HOLLAND GIN
Wines: Champagne Wine, Sherry, Port aud
Clarct.
Crab Cider, Champagne Cider, y. F. Rum,
Brown Stout and Scotch Ale.
STOMACH AND BAR BITTERS,
And all others Liquors which can be found in
the city markets, which will be sold at Whole
sale and Retail. Every article guaranteed as
represented. Also, a large lot of DEAIIJOHNS
and BOTTLES, always on hand.
- Orders promptly attended To, and yublc
patronage respectfully solicited
e. NEFF.
SSuubury, July 3, ls73.-ly.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27

GOAL! COALI COAL!-GRANT BROS,
- Shippers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
WHITE AND RED ASH COAL, sUNBURY, PA.
CLOVER WHARF
Orders will receive prompt attention.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
RuiIdinv Lois For Sale.

NINETEEN LOTS, 25x1OO feet, fronting on
~ Vine street, in Sunbury. Price 1925. Also
shirty lots, 25x137, fronting on Spruce and Pine
treets. Price SIS per foot. Also eight lots, 25
x90, fronting on Fourth street between Walnut
and Spruce. Price $3.50. Also 21 lots, 25x110,
fronting on Third and Spruce streets, between
Walnut and Spruce. Price S40O. Also lots
24x2S0 on the north side of Spruce street. Price
5000. Also 16 lots in Caketown. The above
prices do not include corner lots. Persons de-
string to purchase will do well to call soon.
Terms easy. IRA T. CLEMENT.
inn 93 3m
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
Children often look Pale and Sick
Manhood How Lost, How Re
stored!

stored
just published, Il new edition of DR.. Culver
WELLS CELEBRATED ESSAY on the radical cure
(wthOut medicine) of SpermaIorrhGa o: Semi
nal Weakness, Involuntary Seminal Losses, I'm
potency, mental and Physical Incapacty, Impe-
dement's to Marriage, etc; also, consumption,
Epilepsy and Fits, induced by sclf-indulgence or
sexual extravaganza, &c.
- Price in Il sealed envelope, only six cents.
The celebrated author, In this admirable Es-
say, clearly demonstrates, from 4 thirty years
successful practice, that the alarming conse-
quences of self-abusc may be radically cured
without the dangerous use of internal medicine
or the application of the knife; pointing ont a
mode of cure at once simple, certain, ard effect
ual by means of which every sufferer, no mat
ter what his condition may be- may cure himself
cheaply. privately, and radically.
.4S Ths Lecture should be in the hands of
every youth and every man in the land.
Sent under seal, in plain envelope, to any
address, paid, receipt of six cents or two
post stamps.
Address the Publishers
CHAS. j. g. KLINE, tC co.
III BoweEy, y. Y. Post Office Box, 45s6
Jau
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27

Mail East connects east and west at Erie with
l.. S. e NJ. s. Il. w. and at Irvineton with Oil
Greek and Allegheny R.R. w.
Mail West with east and west trains on L. s.
81 NJ. S. r. ". and at Cory and Irvineton with
Oil Greek and Allegheny r. r. w.
Elmira Mail and Buffalo Express make close
connections at williamsport with n. C.. r. W.
trains, north, and at Harrisburg with n. C. r.
W. trains south.
WM. \. BALDWIN, Gen'l Sup't.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
RaiIroaAs.
PENNSYLVANIA RAIL ROAD.
PHILADELPHIA & ERIE r. r. DIVISION.
SUMMER TIME TABLE.

On and after Sunday, June 2Sth, 1874, the
Trains on the Philadelphia Il Erie Rail Road Divi-
sion will run as follows
WFSTW WARD
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27
MeoiraI.
frlH

III. ID. fIlhtI CdilIUlHid HIT
gar BitterS are purely Vegetable
preparation, made chiefly from the native
herbs found on the lower ranges Of the
Sierra Nevada mountains of California,
the medicinal properties Of which are
extracted therefrOm without the use of
Alcohol. The question is almost daily
asked, "What is the cause of the unpar-
alleled success of VINEGAR BITTERs ,"
Our answer is, that they remove the
cause of disease, and the patient recOv-
ers his health. They are the great
blood purifier and life giving princi-
pie, perfect Renovation and Invigorator
Of the system. Never before in the his
tory Of the world has 4 medicine been
compounded possessing the remarkable
qualities Of VINEGAR BITTERS in healing
the sick of every disease man is heir to-
They are a gentle Purgative as well "a "A
Tonic, relieving Congestion or inflammation
of the Liver and Visceral Organs iii BilioLs
Diseases.
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1874-11-27

127 BoweEy, y. Y. Post Office Box, 45s6
Jan, ~ l2TI-ly.
The New York herald., 1874-11-02
SEVENTH AVENUE METHODIST EPISCOPAL
CHURCH.

DR.. Wild ON Ministering Spirits.
Dr. wild's sermon yesterday morning was based
upon Hebrews, l.. l4-"Are they not all minister
ing spirits. sent forth TO minister for them who
shall be heirs OF salvation"
1t was said that the human body was an epttome
OF all the elementary substances OF the earth, and
thus man by his physical constitution was related
to the world OF matter If this was true man was
marvellous centre OF force and a subject OF won
derlul influences. Each element was relatively
proportioned and serviceabe In q state OF health;
dlsproportion entailed disease. and disease pro-
duced disorganizatlon and death. But man
was more than o material organization. He was
spiritual ana immortal. The demands ana real
needs OF the animal were bounded and contained
in and by the material; but man soon outgrew this
world and longed for something not OF earth-a
desire that was intensified by considering the in
terest that Heaven took in the same, for even
angels were made to minister unto u.s. to aid US IN
such manner as should instruct MS in things
pertaining to eternal life. OF the mode or nature
Of angelic minstration we could in this life know
but little; but the speaker clearly showed by con-
vincing argument that such was part OF their MIS-
sion, and their mintstratton was specially appli-
cable to Infants until their minds could grasp
material things. Their work did not END with
this worlds Meeting existence. He believed that
when we come to our second birth bv death;
when strange sounds break upon the infant
ear; when strange influences shoot athwart the
brain and heart; when the grandeur OF the beauty
ancient temple; so the soul that struggles through
death and is overwhelmed by the beauty that
meets Its vision Is taken charge Of by the angels,
and tod tins ana mat nat t y began an TO grow and
urging his hearers not to be indlfferent to their
salvation, or slow TO have the mtnisterlng infiu-
ences Of angels, until IL was decided IN love that
they were subjects to fall into the hands OF the
good and the holy
The New York herald., 1874-11-02

changes wrought in the material body are no :
eYected as soon as tnose Of the spiritual body, be.
cause the material body Is so rough. The spirit
the spirit is beginning ITS new lie. The new spir-
itual body which has begun within throws
charm over the material body. The regenerate
soul before It's night Is like prince OF noble
blood in the disguise OF begrar IL Is more than
a figure OF speech that men and women make
beasts OF themselves. on the other hand, good
ness and nobility mould the whole spiritual
body in It's likeness. Love is life; II never grows
old IL Is the fountain OF youth. For this
reason those whose sins are forgiven never
grow DID, In regard 10 the e1ect or
sin upon our substantial body, IL may
be dif1cult for US TO consider these changes as
real. The face is the mirror oil the heart. IL was
considered Q terrible thing TO be branded for
crime committed II a mans determination to
commit o crime should be printed in large char
acters on his forehead he would never accomplisp
1t. It's mercy OF the Lord that these Characters
do not come easily. We are all sinners. but why
should we not seek TO have tn.s vile body ike she
Lords glorious body Why should we not seek
10 have this hideousness put away and our sins
forgiven2 The masks we wear In this world we
cannot do much TO change, but our real bodies we
can change. Every time we resist an evil we do
something to take on the sharp and ugly lines IN
our faces and 10 remove the loul spots from our
hearts,
The New York herald., 1874-11-02
LYRIC HALL.
Al saints Day-The Qualities Of Saint
illness.

Illness.
The noral decorations at Lyric Hall yesterday
were very beautiful. large bouquet OF roses
occupied the table, and one side ofthe platform
were briiant-colored autumn leaves and ferns
Mr. rockingham discoursed to a large congrega-
ton on the subject Of IAN Saints Day. He
said In the calendar OF the Romish Church this
Ia All Saints Day. The origin OF the festival was
In this wise There stands In the city OF Rome
mighty church, called the Pantheon IL was built
before Christ and was dedicated to all the gods,
and in ir stood statues OF emperors and mighty
pagan deities, which the people worshipped. In COS
Pope Boniiace begged permission to reconsecrate
the building. The images OF the gods were out,
and the images OF saints introduced, and 1t be-
came Christian church. and on that day the fes-
tivA OF All Saints was ordained The SAINTS
whose glory was held up we're Christian saints
always. We are not TO suppose that the saints
were exclusively Christian, Tor there saints
before Christ was born. We fail into the error or
supposng that all saints, If not Christian, are at
least pious BY profession that all saints are re-
1fgious men. Not so. August Compile made cal.
eDdsr OF saints, but they were not men out OF the
world, but men who were In the world Now
these saints OF August Compte-the atheist, the
man who believed in no future-were still pos-
sessed OF the same sanity qualities OF saints IN
the Christian Church. As with the trees in au.
tumn, each turning different color, so it fs with
saints. The color depends on the nationality on
the conditions Of their lc. but the spirit IN them
is always the same. what can We do better this
morning .ban to think OF the qualities O sainti-
WHAT Is 1T TO BE sAIsT9
What gives colorlng TO that group OF qualities
when we call By that all but forgotten nameS Let
me try to anaIyze them Tor the purpose OF making
you feel that these great qualities have not only
kAen the same In all ages but ought to be TIC