davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1874-04-27

do not afford characters which permit one TO acceu, ,h
evidence OF the existence OF land plants aud oertso
not OF Si1tiLdria In OHIO. during the Lower sllnrss
age The remains OF what have been called plant
found the Lower Cimbrian sandsoncs OF Sweden
and twO species described (EOphylOn L,ana
sona, Torell. and n. Tore. LenarsonJ These plan,.
pronounced by algoogisis not 20 be age. ara
referred vascular cryptic gains aud
II certain. however. that they are not tlaogens
all OF structure are lost and nothing ia eit
but the cast impression OF Inc external surface
(Geoio0icai RG0dzine, september. ise9D
Lana plants Of Gsspe have also been found In tbA
with q largo number fucoids, few specimens hsy,
been found. which hs refers to MS genus Psopayoa In
both remain and satisfactory guide. m fhei,
classification, tDl'0so" PTeear6salfero"s PIiHs of
With theso exceptions no land plants are rspor,ea
below the Deyonian. On this point. however. the ev.
deDcc s a negative, and highly Organze1 land plan,
may be at any time found Ia the Lower Slluran Foeks
Indeed, tho variety aud high rank Of the DevoDaA a,a
oompes state. however that up the present tina
positive proof Of tho exstenoe Oi land plants 10 tha
Lower Suran has not been met with IA other counre
nor il IL furnished by the specimens under iera
tiOn .' r... ..t
Prof. Guyot read memoir of Prof. James II.
Coffin The following papers were read by tito
ouly: A Memoir on the LodIacal Light. by Prof \.
Alexander; On Some Points in Mailot's Theory Of
Vulcancity by Prof. f.. w. Hilgard; The Polariza-
ton of the Zodiacal Light, by Prof A. w. Wright
An exceedingly interesting aud valuable paper
on the mode of formation Of the earth. its
condlJlOn as 10 lhteI1oT huiultJ, anu th1
probable limits within which it was reduced
from fluid state to its present condition.
under the title of "A Criticism the Contractional
Hypothesis Of the Earth's Surface Changes,n was
read by Capt Clarence Dutton of the Ordnance
Corps. u. s. A. Want OF space compels the omission
of this in the present report, but If possible an
abstract of it may be published hereafter. Mr..
James ID. Warner of Brooklyn read purely teehn-
cal paper New Set of BeraouillPs Numbers.
which are mathematical invention for shortening
certain mathematical processes by their application
to the coeffcients of development Of expanding
SERIES
At the conclusion Of this paper, without another
word pro OF con- without stlted resolutions or any
other Of the numerous devices for closing an ex-
tended meeting. Prof. Henry simply rose from Lis
chair and said;
1.-The Academy is now adjourned"
And it was adjourned.
New-York tribune., 1874-04-27
ACADEMY OF SOIENOE.

LAST DAY OF THE WASHINGTON SESSION
HASTE FOR THE SAKE or ADJoURNMRNI-sciENIfi0
VALUE OF THE PoLARIs VoYAGE-N iNIEkhSi0
ING DEBATE ON THE FORMATION OF THE Nokrh-
FRN PART OF THE CONTINENT-rHE GREAT IEih
sCoPR A GREAT sUCCEss-orHER SATELLITES LINE
orp Mooy-r,vs OF sToRMs-sILURIAN FOSSILS
(PnoN rnE SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT OF TIE rRlBUNh'I
WASHINGTON. April 24.-It was evident when the
session began tins morning that the Secretary froi
J. T. Higard was pushing matters with unusul
rapdty. There were many papers OF interest anu
value that had been under consideration wh'on
were either declined. read by title lthatls not Ieu
nj all except the title or hurried though with ttle
coromonv Two or three times q rising debate on
the subjects presented was brought to close by an
anneal from the Secretary urging haste And to the
snrnrse Of most of the members and all of the audi
dience. the Academy did actually finish their pro-
ceedings and finally adjourn at the usual hour oi
closing the session for the day.
If those who imagine that the work OF Polar expe-
ditions is nero useless expenditure of enthusiasm
could have been present at this meeting. and seen
the deep interest taken by all the members OF the
Academy in tho scientific results Of the expedition
Of the Polaris, they might have found cause tor
changing their opinion in this memoir and the de-
hate which followed nothing was more evident than
that in order to obtain satisfactory answer to the
many unsoved questions of the history OF the earth
an immense number of facts are yet to be amassed
which can only be procured by new expeditions to
the higher ATTITUDES. In the interest OF science
alone Polar expeditions are of the highest order of
value.
Everybody that takes the least interest in astro-
nomical science is anxious to know whether the
great telescope in Washington, with the largest
ocbromatic lens ever constructed is really good
instrument. and whether it has met the sanguine
hopes entertained during its construction To such
nouirers, Prof Newcomb has given most interest
ing and categorical reply that is perfectly salts
factory. The astronomical paper furnished by Prof
Alexander seems to tear away the last hope OF habit
ability in any part of the solar system except tne
earth for Prof Proctor has shown that none of the
primary planets were fit to be the abodes of life
and now Prof Alexander disposes similarly of the
satellites Those who are interested in meteorology
will find much of interest in the calculations OF
Prof. Loomis concerning the law of storms; and
Prof Newberry gives information OF scientific value
respecting fossil plants Of the Silurian age
New-York tribune., 1874-04-27

and officers and reporters each fve copies OF tho
Red Book or Manual was rejected by the Assembly.
and the resolution copy OF the civil Last TO
each was carried book cost "a only The resou
uon print 5000 copies OF the reports of the STATE
Agricultural Society 1872 and 1873 in volume or
800 pagestne printing OF the report OF 1874 having been
omitted last year--wss adopted by the Assembly.
New-York tribune., 1874-04-27

ton gives his unhesitating opinion that the new
instrument must be regarded great success.
The following paper, in tho absence of its author.
was read BY the Secretary:
New-York tribune., 1874-04-27
ALBANY.
MUNICIPAL INTRIGUE.

CusroM-HoUSE AMENDMENTS TO THE NEw-foiN
CHARTER REPORTED FAvoRABrY-PARIisANA AND
pIsCREDTTABLE woRK-TnE SAME sOhh"" h'
THE ASSEMBLY,
IrRoM THE REGULAR CORRESPONDENT OF TUE ii"DuN'
ALBANY, April 26-The bill 10 ameno ''e No"-
York charter by reducing the Police ana lafk ooih-
m,ssioners to four in number and giving inc Mayoi
the power of filing vacancies IN heauS oi depart
,nep,s without the confirmation of the Aldermen
was f,vorably reported TO the Senate yesterday
,no,rino and ordered 10 third reading by
a Marty vote. This action was in pursuance
,hf eancns of Republican Senators, held
the preyious evening and is in obedience TO the
marty lash applied by Murphy, Bliss and Company,
who have been around the Legislature during the
past weok The object Of the bill is first, to secure
Mr. Howland place in the Police Board in spite of
the Aldermen and second, to prevent the Kelly and
Morrissey wing of Tammany Hall from getting
representation in the Board in place of Comms-
soner Russell, whose term will soon expire, and to
allow the Mayor and Mr.. Charlick to fill the place
with man of their own choice.
The whole thing is in the interest Of the compact
alleged to have been recently made between Mayor
Havemeyer and the Custom-house; and in view of
the larger powers which the Police Board have over
tho election machinery in New-York. it WILL if it
succeeds have an important influence on the result
next November Bat if the bill passes 1T VIII be the
most disgraceful act Of the session. for it will show
that the dominant party in the Legislature with all
their professed desire make an honorable record
for their party are willing TO allow themselves to be
used 60 promote the political schemes AMI to crafty
the personal spites OF petty factions in New-York.
Only a year ago those same Custom-house politi-
cians were here in full force to prevent giving to
Mayor Havemeyer the same powers which they now
ask that he shall have; and if half of the ugly
things they have said of him since that time were true
they would prove him unfit to exercise any power at
all But because an unpIincplod compact has lately
been formed to promote personal ends and gratIfy
mutual revenges. these CustOm-house managers are
now ready toreverse their whole record of last year
and swallow all the hard words they have heretofore
uttered against thoir new-found ally.
Senator Fox protested against the action of the
Senate aud asked that the bill be recommitedto to af
ford chance for persons in New-York to be heard
against It, itwas of The same bill has been
reported in the Assembly and the design is to put 1t
through that branch under the spur of party eau
ous-whch may or may not succeed.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17

The Pail Mall Gazette says: "Some no.
ton Of the difficulties Of constructing the
indus Valley Railway, the proper gauge for
which was recently so warmly discussed at
the institution of Civil Engineers, may be
gathered from the Progress Report for the
year ending the 3Ist Of March last by Col.
Pcilc, L. f., who has charge Of the under
taking. Two bridges of extraordinary di-
mcnsions will be required, one over the Sut-
lei River, and the other to cross the Indus
itself. The former has already been decided
on as to dcsI gn and position, and will con-
sst OF sixteen spans OF 2Gl feet each, meas
urlng from centre t0 centre Of the piers.
These piers will have to be built on iron
cylinders, about 10 feet in diameter, and
sunk 100 feet below low water. But the
site Of the Indus bridge is not determined,
except 50 far that it viii be in the vicinity
Of Sulkur, and the report indicates three
different proposals between which a choice
must be made. One Of these takes advan-
tagc Of an island, and crosses the divided
channels by very large spans. Another is
to cross at Ncw-Sulkcr, where the river is
l, 900 yard, wide, by bridge of ordinary
construction. And third would take
narrower intermediate part Of the channel,
where the stream is Of course, deeper, but
where there is rock available for the founda-
tons at one extremity. The estimates of
these three projects are respectively G2l0,
600, f3eG 600, and E2lG .00O so that it is
quarter OF a million to execute either of them
\ steam ferry Is to be established at Sulllur
before the line is otherwise complete, to be
used pending the successful completion Of
the BRIDGE
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17
Paper in Japan.

The uses Of paper in Japan are ludicrously
various. 1t is used in everyday life, in the
drawing-room in the nursery and the
kitchen, in ways that are dark to Il foreigner.
A japanese is never at loss for string, a
sheet for letter, "A wrapper, Il handkerchief,
towel or platter In his bosom is a roll
Of paper, and what paper can accomplish is
known only to the native Of Japan. When
Yczahuro or kntnra cuts his finger, a
bandage is applied, and tears are dried by
the same article. The cxquisitely dressed
young lady takes Il roll Of paper from her
girdle and 10 it becomes handkerchief
Pass into the street on q rainy day in Jcddo,
and You see for miles panorama of moving
disks Of paper. Both umbrellas and Il suit
of oiled and waterproof clothes, hat, coat,
trousers and shoes, may I've bought almost
anywhere in Japan. Boxes, pipe-casts,
twine, dishes, tca-trays, carpets, chimneys
roasting tins ior firing tea, windows, doors,
partitions, and screens, are everywhere made
of paper.
The panelled walls of houses are made of
paper pulp. Old japanese armor is largely
made Of compressed acqucred paper. Per-
haps Europeans adopted the custom of
papcring the walls Of their houses from
these people. The dwellings Of the better
classes Of the japanese people are always
papered; though the sheets used are not
over foot or eighteen inches square. They
are polished, silvercd, gildcd, colored, or
printed, with birds, flowers. animals, and
many tasteful designs. In looking over a
paper dealers sample book in JedIo, one
scarcely sees loud or uncouth pattern,
always excepting the dragon, in which the
normal japanese doth SO delight.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17
Natures Wonders.

There are many curious facts about vegc-
table life. We can, for example, graft the
apricot ON the plum, and the peach on the
apricot, and the almond ON the peach and
thus we may produce tree with plum
roots and almond leaves. The wood, how
ever, Of the stem, will consist OF four dis
tinct varieties, though formed from one
continuous layer. Below the almond wood
and bark we shall have perfect peach wood
and bark, then perfect apricot wood and
bark. and at the bottom perfect pium wood
and bark. In this curious instance we see
the intimate correspondence between the
bark and leaf, for if we should remove the
almond branches, We might cause the several
sorts of wood to developc buds and lcaiy
twigs. Each section Of the compound has
its seat of life in the cambium layer, and the
camLium of each reproduccs cells OF it, own
species out Of a common nutrient fluid.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17
The Bottle of Oil.

Once upon time there lived an old gen-
teman in large house. He had servants
and everything he wanted yet he was not
happy; and when things did not 90 as he
wished, he was cross. AT last, his servants
left him. Quite out Of temper, he went to
4 ncighbor with story of his distrcsscs.
''lt seems to me, said the neighbor, saga
ciously, sit would be well for you to oil
yourself a little"
"To oil mysclf?'
"Ycs, and | will explain. Some time ago
one Of the doors in my house creaked No
body therefore liked to 60 in or out by it.
One day | oiled its hinges, and it has been
constantly used by everybody ever SINCE
"Then you think am like your creaking
door, cried the Old gentleman "IIow do
you want me to oil myself?'
''That,s an easy matter,' said the neigh
Dor. $50 home and engage IL servant, and
when he does right, praise him. If, on the
contrary, he does something amiss, do not
be cross; oil your roicc and words with the
oil of love-
The old gentleman went home, and no
harsh or ugly word was found in his house
afterwards. Every family should have a
bottle of this precious oil, for every family
is liable to have a crcaking hinge in the
shape ofa fretlul disposition, a cross temper,
harsh tone, OF a ault-fnding spirit.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17

EYE WAsn-For us to be able to see OBJ
jccts clearly and distinctly, it is necessary
that the eye should be kept clean. For this
purpose it is furnished with little gland,
from which flows a watery fluid (tears),
which is spread over the eye by the lid, and
it is afterward swept off by it, and runs
through hole in the bone to the under sur
face Of the nose, while the warm air pressing
over it while breathing evaporates it. 1t II
remarkable that no such gland can be found
in the eyes Of fish, as the element in which
they live answers the same purpose. If the
eye had not been furnished with liquid to
wash it, and lid to sweep it off, things
would appear as they do when you look
through 4 dusty glass. Along the edges
of the eyelids there are a great number of
little tubes or glands, from which flows al
oily substance which spreads over the sur
face Of the skin, and this prevents the edges
from being sore or irritated, and it also
helps to keep tears within the lid. There
are also six little muscles attached to the eye
which enable us to move it in every direc-
ton and when we consider the different
motions they are capable of giving to the
eye we cannot but admire the goodness of
Him who formed them, and thus saved us
the trouble of turning our heads every time
we wished to view an object.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17
A Sad Fate.

Another sad result Of sensational per-
formances is the death Of man in London
who attempted the pcrloas feat Of flying
from balloon to the earth in flying
machine. Immense crowds had congregat-
ed to witness the experiment. The balloon
was cut away, and after rising short dis
tance the professor" waslowered and hung
suspended from the balloon by rope with
the wings Of the machine extended The
balloon ascended to considerable height,
and at given signal the rope was cut.
The experiment, however, proved fatal
failure. For the professor descended
with frightful velocity to the ground, and
was instantly killed. His body was horri-
bly, disfgurcd.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17

TIMING ADRIcs.-The following process.
is given by r. jackson for coating linen and
cotton fabrics with heavy, flexible. bril-
liant film Of tin. A thin paste, formed BY
stirring commercial zinc-dust into a solution
of cgS-albumen, is laid on the fabric by
brushing Or pressure. This coating is fixed,
after dying, by coaguIating the albumen by
heated steam, the fabric being then placed
in bath Of pcrchloride Of tin. The metal
precipitates upon the zine in II finely divided
condition. and the article, after being well
rinsed with water and dried, is put through
glazing machine, which imparts brillfane,
to the tin coating. Beautiful results can be
obtained for decorative purposes by printing
or tracing designs 80 3nen cloth :Lu>
timed corlJ nf ;IuIo..i L many cases as
substitute iur :'n!fli ~ al giant, tcna-
ciouS waretHscn' ~.dpH'r2
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17

"Oh, Jack, do listen to me. | can repeat
every word of that unfortunate note
As he made no instant objection, she did
SO.
''Do you think I am fool?" he said,
looking crue.ly into her eyes. 81 know
that you took the note out OF my coat-pcckct
yesterday morning, and read it! OF course
you would renember it. Good heavens it
is burned in letters OF ire on my n.lin!h
ooh, jack, believe me! cried Lulu,
weeping bitterly.
believe you? Do you think am an
idiot, Lula? Dil not sec you, this morn
iag, hy up-Stairs to a window, to watch for
some one the instant was gone? Yes, the
very instant, lol know that | saw you,
Lulu,"
"I-n
"Silencc! And do you think will be-
licve it mere coincidence that you were
walking ON Ii Avenue to-day? No.
my eyes are opened now. You have de-
cciycI me as long as you ever can. How
hateful you are To me, with your hyp0criti-
cal tears. Go out Of my sight! Leave me!
For Gods sake. leave me.'
Actually afraid of him in his fury, Lulu
retrcatcd from the room.
Her husband did not follow her. She
passed the night alone. When morning
came, she found that he lad eft the house.
In the course OF the day her father came
and took her homc-ha,ing been requested
to d. so BY her husband. Husband and
wife We're separated; the pretty home was
shut up.
The farce had become a tragedy.
Six months later. Jack liGton--a most
miserable mau-leciled to sell lis house
hold goods and go abroad. For this pur-
pose an appraiser was admitted to the Old
house.
Mice in The house, sir" said the man,
taking up Il book whose pages were badly
nibbcd
81 believe there arc, d" replied Hinton, alb
scn,Iy.
"Lady'@ writiog-lcSk and cabinet--vcry
nice thing. lou don't wish to reserve any
Of the things, Go you?"
"No;ling,' replied Jack, bitterly.
He now had opeaed the cabinet, and was
pulling out the dawcrS.
"By George" SAID he. "Thc micc have
been in here ~
He had pulled out one Of the drawers,
and in cavity beneath was nest, formed
by those little creatures, OF bits of PAPER
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17
HEREAFTER.

-
From my scat meath inc gpWlng,
Iwatch the river gently flowing,
Onward ever, to the sea;
Far beyond, my feeble vision
Scarce disccrns the other shore,
Which seems like some field elysian,
Or like heavens half.opencd door.
Blossoms, bright and far, are pending
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17

COMPARATIVE DURABILITY OF 0UR GoLp
AND SILVER CoiNs.-lt appears from some
experiments recently made at St. Peters
burg, that, contrary to the opinion that Is
everywhere generally entertained, that gold
coin wears away faster than that Of silver,
it is not 50, for example: Twenty piccos OF,
gold half-imperiuls and as much Of silver
copecks-coins Of abou. the same size
were put into new blrrels, mounted like
churns, which We're kept turning for tour
hours continuously. 1t Was then found on
weighing the coins that the gold ones had
lost sixty-iom srammeo-the silver onlS
only thirry-four but as the number O! gold
pieces was twcnty-eight per cent. less thar.
those of silver, the proportion Is OF cour-r
greater to that amount in favor u: the lar
t-r The silver a.,o cutuinci more alloy
thau the gold,
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17
Scandal.

All those untortunatc; who have fallen
under the lash Of an unruly tongue desire
to make scandal Il punishable offence, and
declare that, in this particular at least, the
word has dcgenerated, as, in old times, the
scandal-monger paid dearly for sins COM
mittcd. In Germany a dame who let her
tongue wag too freely about her ncighbors,
used to be compelled to stand upon block
in the market-placc, with q heavy stone
dangling from her neck, shaped either like
a bottle, loaf, an oval dish, or representing
a woman putting out her tongue, unless she
happened to be rich enough to buy pcrmis-
sion to exchange the hateful stone for bag
of hops, tied round with red ribbon Two
centuries ago, an English woman vcnturing
to take liberties with the good name of
"Mrs. Mayoress, had to walk through the
streets of the town, preceded by man
tinkling small bell, bearing an old broom
upon her shoulders, from the end of which
danglel wooden mortar. Statforlshire
scoldS did not get off so easily. They had
to follow the bcll-man until they showed
unmistakab!c signs of repentance, debarred
from giving any one a lit Of their minds by
the branks, or scolds' bride, an ingenious
arrangement Of metal hoops contriyed to
clasp the head and the neck firmly, while
the paddock behind remained locked, while IL
spiked plate pressed upon the tongue, 50 as
efiectually to preclude It's owner making
any use of it. The branks, however, was
not peculiar to Stailordshirc; it was in use
in Scotland centuries ago.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1874-10-17

AcrloS OF WATER AND Am ON Glass
Some French experiments On the dccompo-
sition of glass By water show that, while
glass vessels in which water is bniled are
but very slowly attacked, powdered glass IL
decomposed with remarkable case. Thus, q
pint flask, in which water was boiled for
five days, lost very slightly; but when the
neck of this flask was powdered, and boiled
for the same time with water, the decompo-
Sition was one third the mass. 1t appears
to be chiefly the basic constituents of glass
that are thus extracted by water, and that
kind OF glass in which the amount Of lims
is large in proportion to that Of soda Is less
decomposcd by water than glass in which
this proportion is reversed. All ordinary
kinds of glass undergo gradual decomposi-
ton, when exposed i'll fine powder to the
atmosphere they absorb carbonic acid, and
after Il time eticrve>ce copiously; and, when
mixture OF powdered glass and water IS
exposed for some days to the air. it etier-
yesces with acids, and the solution always
contains salphuric acid, originating from
sulphate Of soda. Powdered glass boiled
with water, through which current Of car
bonic acid is passed, yields Il liquid thas
also e1ervesces copiously with acids. When
boiled with IL solution Of sulphate Of lime, II
considerable amount Of sulphate Of soda is
produced. and this reaction accounts for tke
fact that the walls and floor of the rooms in
which plate glass is polished are covered
with an eflloresccnce Of sulphate of soda-
the gypsum used for fixing the plates yields
the sulphuric acid, and the glass yields the
soda