davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
The Philosophy of Rain.

To understand the philosophy of this
beautiful and often sublime phenome-
non, so often witnessed and so very es-
sential to the existence of plants and
animals, few facts derived from obser-
vation and a long train of experiments,
must be remembered.
1st. Were the atmosphere here, every
where, and at all times. of a uniform
temperature, we should never have rain,
hail or snow. The water absorbed by
it in evaporation from the sea and the
earth's surface, would descend in an i'm
perceptible vapor, or cease to be absorb
ed by the air when it was once fully
saturated.
I'd. The absorbing power of the at
mosphere, and consequently its capacity
to retain humidity, is approximately
greater in warm than in cold air. The
air near the surface of the earth is
warmer than it is in the region of the
clouds. The higher we ascend from the
earth the colder do we lind the atmos-
phere Hence the perpetual snow on
very high mountains i'll the hottest eli
mate.
Now, when from continued evapora
ton the air is highly saturated with
vapor, though it be invisible and the
sky cloudless, if its temperature is sud
denly reduced Icy cold currents descend
ing from above, or rushing from a
higher to a lower latitude, its capacity
to retain moisture is diminished, clouds
are formed, ana rain is the result. 1t
condenses, eoois, and like sponge fill
ed with water and compressed, pours
out the water which its diminished ca
pacity cannot hold.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

How TO MAKE SOFT WATER.
now, when cistern water is scarce, it is
matter of no little Importance to know
how to make soft water out of hard
The following is good recipe:
What is known as hard water is water
which holds carbonate of lime in solu-
ton. The carbonate of lime combines
chemically with the soap when this hard
water is used for washing purposes, and
forms lime soap which is insoluble.-
This insoluble soap forms flakes, which
float upon the water, and presents the
peculiar appearance so well known to
persons who use hard water to wash
with. The carbonate of lime is only
soluble in water that contains free car
bonic acid, and when anything is added
to the water that will unite with this
free acid the carbonate of lime in solu-
ton is precipitated, and falls to the bot
tom in a fine powder. Common carbon
ate of soda, or the sal soda of the shops,
when dissolved in water, combines with
the free acid, and forms bicarbonate Of
soda. The carbonate of lime is then
precipitated, and the water is no longer
hard. 4 small quantity of soda is suffi
cient.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
The Horse.

The Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals publishes the fol-
lowing suggestions for the treatment of
baIky horses:
1st. Pat the horse upon the neck; ex-
anime the harness carefully, first ,pn one
side, and then on the other, speaking
encouragingIy while doing so; then
jump into the wagon and give the word
go; generally he will obey.
I'd. A teamster in Maine says he Gan
start the worst balky horse by taking
him out of the shafts and making him
go round in a circle till he is giddy. If
the first dance of this sort don't cure
him, the second will.
3D. To cure a balky horse, simply
place your hand over the horses nose
and shut off his wind until he wants to
go, and then let him go.
4th. The brain OF horse seems to
entertain but one idea at time; there
fore continued whipping only confirms
his stubborn resolve. If you can, by
any means, give HIM new subject TO
think of, you will generally have no
trouble in starting him. A simple rent
edy is to take couple Of turns of twine
around the foreleg, just below the knee,
tight enough for the horse to feel, and
tie in a bow knot. AT the first check
he will go dancing, and after going
short distance you car get out ana re-
move the string, to prevent injury to
the tendon in your further driving.
Take the tail of horse between the
hind legs, and tie it 10y the cord to the
saddle-girth.
These suggestions are all good, but
sometimes none of-them will work The
fourth given explains the theory ON
which the rest are based, and is, we
think, the true theory to adopt in the
treatment of such horses. The best
way, however, is not to have baIky
borSnS of all
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
4 Model Sheen Man.

The best sheep man We ever heard OF
was a soldier who saw somewhere how
valuable sheep are for renovating worn
oct land. and after the cruel war was
over, he went home TO his poor farm and
bought thirteen ewes, all that, fort uDate-
ly, he was able to buy lie put them
in a small field Of briers and weeds,
which they soon destroyed; then he fed
them on bran and meal In the winter
he sheltered them well. feeding oats and
swamp hay. and in the spring he had
thirteen fine lambs Saving the manure,
he planted the old brier patch with corn.
and harvested a fine crop. al his spare
time was devoted 10 caring for the sheep
The next spring he had more lambs,
when he sowed clover and grew turnips;
and now, to-day, as the result Of such
beginnings. he has several hundred fine
young sheep, free from disease, bringing
him -, 600 year, while his farm has
become extremely fertile, and be is
TIc1 Dlaii
We know that thousands and thous-
ands of poor young men have a free
course before them 10 become wealthy
by beginning in the same way. But the
trouble : the way is too humble ard
slow; they want 10 get along faster;
they have no patience, no faith, no
pluck Truly, it does seem a small bus
mess 10 watch dozen sheep, as if it
were beneath the attention of a bright
American youth; but if said youth viii
look the subject all over, lie will see it
worthy of ali hispowers. A young man
can well afford to sit down with dozen
sheep Oh the plains, live in dug-out,
and feed on antelope meat, rather than
undertake TO become independent in a
city on clerkship of 81, 600 year.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

HELPS FOR WASH DAY.-If by chance
your wash boiler should spring leak
when filled with clothes, over brisk fire,
carefully press the clothes away from the
side Of the leak and sift small spoon
full Of Indian meal over the water; the
leak viii close Immediately.
Should tar, by any means get s1neared
over your clothes. rub the spots with
lard thoroughly, then soap and wash as
usual.
Boiling water poured over fruit stains
Will cause them 10 disappear, provided
the boiling water l. the first water they
are immersed il. The fabric containing
the stain should be held over the tub
and the boiling water poured through IT,.
All dirty clothes that can be- convent
emily gathered up on Saturday, such a.
sheets, pillow slips, table linen, etc.
would be much benefited by washing
and putting the same TO soak in clear, soft
water Saturday eve, letting them remain
until Monday morning, when they could
be put to boil. thus facilitating the work
in hand. on this over burdened day.
Besides. clothes thus treated will be i'm
proved in looks hundred per cent,
provided they have been previously in
clined to become yellow.-DoT, IN Ohio
FHFHeE.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
Domre, gardfu and gar'p
wheat without Manure.

Our readers have been frequently ad
vised of what has been done by Mr.
Lawes, of England, in the way Of rais-
ing repeated crops Of grain upon the
same land year after year, both without
and with manure But Mr.. Lawes' Ia
bors have been experimental. Wehave
now before us report Of the sales OF
the standing crops Of wheat. oats and
clover upon two farms in England upon
which these crops have been raised sue
cessfuny for a dozen years, and sold
standing. To be cut and carried away by
the purchasers, both straw and grain
together. 40 stock is kept upon these
farms. No manure is used upon them.
Deep plowing by steam and draining to
farther deepen the soil are the only
means by which these crops are pro-
duced year after year. One of these
farms IS owned and cultivated by Mr.
Prout, of Sawbridgeworth, and con
crop was chiefly wheat, which. sold by
the acre as Il stood, realized from S4j to
$50 per acre for grain aud straw. The
purchaser in all cases does the harvest
ing. The average prices were, for wheat,
S54.4 40 per acre; oats, so per acre, and
clover, $50 per acre. The average re-
suit of the past seven years crops has
been S51 So per acre. The farm was
purchased twelve years ago and was
then in poor condition. 1t was drained
and $4, 600 worth of chemical fertilizers
were used, TO bring it into a producing
state Since then it has been cultivated
deeply by steam each year, but no fer
tiIizers were used, nor has the straw even
been retained upon the farm. The 9th
er farm is owned by Mr. Middleditch, of
Wiltshire. 1t has been managed upoh
the same plan The crops upon this
farm brought from SIS to $50 per acre,
or anaverage of S55. The aftermath Of
some 6elds of sanfoin, which were to be |
pastIred by sheep, sold for so to SIS |
per acre There are 500 acres in this |
fern. Both farms have clay soil, and |
are fairly good wheat lands, but at the
commencement of this cropping were
much run down. The farmers who pur-
chased the crops, and some who had
taken them for several years said that
those of the present year were the best
cropsfor several years, and Mr. Prout
expressed tile opinion that he could thus
farm as long Gas he lived, and his son
after him" Wedo not pretend to make
any application of this anomalous kind
of farming, but merely give the facts.
AT the same time we cannot refrain
from comparing it with some farms we
have seen in the richvalleys of Ohio and
westward, where for twenty years the
merest scratching of the deep, rich soil,
and the raising Of wheat upon the un-
ploWed corn-stubble, year after year, |
has made farmers comfortable if not |
rich, and thinking at the same time that |
it is possible, if those rich lands were |
better treated, and farmed more with |
the plow and less with the harrow, that |
they might produce better crops than
they now do, and remain profitable |
a number of years to come.-AmericaB
Agric1tttuyTSt
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

SWINE IN PENs.-Swine kept in pens
during the summer should have a chance
to get at the earth and provided with a
water trough of sufficient size to allow
the hogs to wallow. Keep the pen
sweet and clean, as on this depends very
much the prosperity of the hogs, al
though they are generally considered fl
thy animals. Vegetable matter should
be given daily; it is a good plan when
wedding the garden TO throw purslain,
pig weeds, etc, into the pen Charcoal
and forest leaves or straw cut fine makes
a good deodorent and absorbent for the
sty.-Ohio Farmer
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

PoIsoHs.--W When it is known that a
person has swallowed poison, stir heap
sng teaspoon of salt and one of ground
mustard together into glass of water,
and make the patient swallow it imme-
diately. 1t is the quickest emetic known,
and should operate in one minute. AT
ter that give the whites of two eggs in a
cup of the strongest coffee, or swallow
the egg in cream or sweet miik.-4nier-
ican Homes.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

IMPORTANCE OF CLEAN AND EARLY
SIZED. .-TiIlers of the soil may generally
increase the amount OF their crops by
using clean seed and keeping the land
free from weeds. This is particularly
the case with wheat. 1t is nothing un-
common for farmers having eight or ten
acres of wheat to have mixed with it ten
or fifteen bushels of cookie and chess
1t is believed that 200 bushels of cookie
and chess is a small amount 10 set down
against the town where the writer re-
Sides per year. Allowing that other
towns In the country raise the same
amount each, il would give us about =
600 bushels in the county. Allowing
fifty wheat-growing counties in the State
and we should have 200, 900 bushels.
Now suppose that only ten times as
much wheat is grown in the United
States, equally foul, and we have 2. .00O,-
600 bushels. Every plant of cookie or
chess occupied as much ground and drew
as much fertility from the soil as a wheat
plant would; hence it is plain that by
clean culture we cen increase our wheat
crop largely. Cookie and chess are
nothing but weeds, and like all other
weeds they are hardy, withstanding
summers heat and winters cold-N. J.
Herald.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

II there is one admonition that is more
timely than another, just now, it is to
push the fall work ahead Some kinds
of work must be done whatever the
weather may be. There is other work
that may be postponed. Outdoor work
may be done IN the fine October wealth
er, for half the cost that the same work
would cost during sleet and cold rains in
November. The forehanded man always
has the most leisure. He is never in a
hurry Hurried work is always poorly
done. The farmer who is hurried and
behind time, works twice as hard as he
needs to do, never has leisure day, and
yet loses money. Late sown or late
gathered crops are always deficient, or
defective in quality. With our magpifi-
cent autumn weather, there is no excuse
for being caught with necessary work on
hand, when SHOWS and storms are in sea-
sOn.-AmeFjcdR AQFiculturist.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

WORKING men are apt to consider that
their occupations alone are laborious,
but in that matter they are mistaken.
Labor of mind is, generally, even more
fatiguing than labor of the body, and it
is quite erroneous to suppose that others
do not work as well as we do, simply
because their work is different from
ours. Labor is the earthly condition of
man, and, until the nature OF man Is
changed, the want of something to do
will produce all the horrors of eianui.
Gambling and other reprehensibIe dissi-
pations are all laborious, owing to the
fact that human nature cannot support
a state of idleness.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

STUMBLISG.-When horse stumbles
never raise your voice-the creature
breads its masters chiding; never jog the
reins-the mouth of the horse is far more
sensitive than the human lips; never use
the lash. the horse is so timid that the
slightest correction overpowers its rea-
soning faculties. Speak TO the creature;
reassure the palpitatiDg frame; seek 70
restore those perceptions which will
form the best guard against any repeti-
ton of the faulty action.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
Trees Grown al 8gEl} 2g Ii Bat.
PURCHASE AT
Chambell,i.3s nurseries
One and n sIaif miles 5Oufb of
Eindlay.
June Z7-tf
Notice 10 Contractors.


Fiadiay, o. oct 4 lN'f-J
C,EALFD PkOPes Is WILL BE r.
- eeived at THIS Ofdce uiilt Q eipoN , r ' ~
Ertdty O.f 80 I4sf g1r t8e erecii0u a OF cont
DIefi0r ~ i've = one sbuf Isleni- tor it 'in.-
nm Bridge I'm Blanchard tC@ n7il-P 44dh1'is.
g.sSn~y tO be hrst class bridge masonry
- -, -. ,,9oi souad quarri-d some. aud 20
work GpOL ihs y Dft1-e 80. a-i.- r. .' ~ -.
- iGInfefi and , tcAed off % q tru- itne eiia
S.c- No stone % be lees tlaH siX lnrles
fbf-k ard each course 70 i5e 1i uII.U .UIfI thick
ness Headers 10 be puf iu the Sal % -bteF-
walls Of six feet. Contractors VIII be required
70 coz form 10 the diree-i iou Of TIE coiiiiis-
-loueTs- No ex.f IA allowance viii be- made 70
contractor.
Commissioners reserve the RI sat 10 OeJect
any and al BIDS
Hy order OF tie Commissioners.
q. :. n JSHER
Oct. 0. '7f-4w AE2ilDT.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

STEAM PUDDING and slice ten
or twelve apples, put them In kettle
with little water, say a gill, make
crust the same as for soda biscuit, and
0oNer them. Close the kettle carefully,
a,io"ing no steam to escape. Cook
ABOUT half an hour, and cat with sweet
sauce
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
TIE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN.

THE CCLTIvsT5R & COU STRy GENTLEMAN
IOr the pas- forty y=a7s, mas ranked D,5tn 10
his country anu abroad. the -TAEDARD
OCRSAL Of AMERICAN AGEICCLTUEE. The
ditOrs and frDpriesOrs, iu addition 70 their
WI per~Oial laDO-s, are regularly assisted Dy
very large UtJ'n b-r OF special COrre> pond
enIs and Regular Contributors among whom
all parts OF the Country. Eszst and W..St-and
BY over give Hundred Occasional and
Voluntary y riteS~. directly IN the rsa.ikg <f'
ne Best Farmers a.d HOTtIcuiturisLs = j. ri..trIy
very State IN the Eu!oG. Win The cfl-f,rf-rt-
ton Of 20 large e1rs~ ~ practical men tbts
Journal i iE5=s.l- -.t 90 Tll-~s--s excpBfiOua.l
value a. the chosen "a s-siitsns of Eus@reou-
mu nicstt ron among all cla.se- Interested in
:he Products aEd Fertility Of The land-tftrs<a
who Cultivate and those VINO COaAlgne-tIl-
Buyer and Shipper, As wei r. the first oJz-6.-
of The crop -br ree-1ers o improved A AnImais
and their Customer Manu- factur-fs or In
proved Machinery and those VINO pureIlase
and employ it-NuTseryHseH and Fruit RsIs-
ers-aud. especially, To supply fuller and better
data a. 70 ire prog e., prCsyecls and returns
OF eacn Successive S-EsDn az fnrlylrfr1a ITsyTft
upon one ni tie most lmportang OF Ill 9t,,s
uOnS- WhsJg 10 Bun ana feh m 70 81
TERMS-The COIfN TRY tiESTIEsTAS v il uub.
lished weekly, on the following terms when
paid strictly 10 advance: ONE q PY ore YEAR
s25o FOUR Copies, SO. and "a 0dditt5nqi
eCpyBor The genr free b The eratier n NJ (gYay
Ten 0PIE-, $50. 0yid IA qdi ftJgsal cUBy tor ne
year Jr6e 10 tte seade- lf The CHl5.
HS SPEECH ~ JGPIEs RE. Address
ss-SnbS,5l i. ions Eeg-iyed aud forwarded at
This ofiies :. = -.
LUTHER ICCKER a son, PubiIs.,er.-
ALGASY,N. n.
Sept. Is, 1874.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

o,ToLEN Prom Ny BROTHEKss RESI-
- deuce In Dra1 ge township. a note Tor : u1.
uayable 10 PaIieu McCOr beil. or order. due
April last. will a credit OF 80 endpi'ed There
on Parties are hereby cautioned against boy
Inc said note as Will not pay the SANE.
3cf y ls74-3w. PATIEN MCcUS ILL
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

IT is asserted that 500 pounds of frogs
are daily consumed in New York. They
are chiefly caught in Canada, and are
sent there in salt sacks laid fiat on the
moor of the freight ear, and containing
e1eh about one hundred frogs. An av-
OF per cent. die in the train.
- .,-I-. tsiilale frog is said to spawn over
e.. ~ .'P''i,u at a time, but not more than
hlty IN that number live 70 atta;n FIJI
growth They are often eaten hv tbeir
own species or by birds ana c.aI- -
They are usually taken with the I,aS1
but bite at it only when their heads -
above water y bait is often unneces
sary. A frog-catcher frequently brings
his hook under the jaw of the frog with
out creating alarm, and jerks its point
into the flesh. He is then easily lifted
into the boat.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
Horses Suffer by Bad Roads.

We are grumbling about our roads and
surveyors The roads are miserable, and
our system of making and repairing
them is miserable too, but we do not re-
alize how much We are losing by con
tinuing to use them in their present con
dition. The annual wear and tear of
horses, carriages and harness is eDor-
nous, but on smooth, hard and level
roads, is very much less. Supposing
horse can pull on level road LOCO
pounds, on a road rising one foot to the
hundred he could pull but 900 pounds.
If it rises two in a hundred, $40 pounds;
two and a half feet, 720 pounds; four
feet, 520 pounds; five feet, 400 pounds;
and if the rise were ten feet in hundred
he could pull but $50 pounds, or only
one-quarter the load he could draw on
level road Then, again. the condition
OF a road, whether hard and smooth. or
soft and uneven, has much TO do with
ohe amount a team can draw over it.
experiments made by NORM show that
a load of 5000 pounds will REQUIRE a
.oeNlse force Of LOCO pounds TO move
'e1 q snrsin, gravel road, newly repair-
Gu on pest kind of gravel road $40
on broken sao''e road in good eonai+ion
loo pounds on good nave,o,,t 80
pounds. according TO the sb-ra''., 20
lations, in the first case it wc,nls -. o,l'eu-
eight horses TO do the work wb,c,, 80 -
could do in the latter case. So If ~
roads.were level, and we had 200 bushels
of potatoes TO carry to market, We could
draw them on the best paved road with
one horse, while on the newly repaired
gravel road we should need eight horses,
and it the rise We're ten feet in hundred
We should require thirty-two horses to
draw the same load--N. &. F1rsaer.
To REVIVE old kid gloves, make a
thick mucilage by boiling handful of
fiaxseed; add little dissolved soap:
then, when the mixture cools, with a
piece Of white flannel wipe the gloves.
previously fitted to the hand; use only
enough to take of the dirt without wet
ting through the gloves.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
TABLE OF
Daily Swings at Compound Interest

II Will be seen by the above table that only
"a cents saved daily viii i,-fuOuuJ Ia ten wears
10 SlaG. while 81 - reaches tie important sum
Of S5,5DJ, sufficient To place one in business for
himself. AZ IL the duty Ot every person 70 pro
vide Tor q id age or "A rainy day, auG how t. W
there are who could not save one OF the above
amounts by aDstalning from the Use Of cigars,
liquors or other IuXuriss. aud IN so doing i've
happier, longer and better lives. lf you wish
To realize the truGn oi this statement Lry Tue
following:
For every Cigar and every Drink you
ay iOr put an equal amount iisats she
Saw inss Departments OF this BanA tor
one year.
II. p. GAGE, President.
q ALE. GRABEf, Cashier. sept. Is, lS74-5fn
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
Eow to Plan a Tree.

When planting don't dig hole like a
bowl or eistern, but dig it Just as deep as
the soil is, and no deeper; make the bot
tom of it one-third larger round the top,
and loosen mp the very bottom. Then as
the tree is planted, throw in first an inch
of real, good, fresh, rich soil; set the
tree, holding it with one hand while on
your knees you spread its roots carefully
with the other; let the assistant drop
the dirt upon the roots as he would If
he had a sieve, and as it is dropped in,
do you hold the tree upon the bended
knees. work every root carefully out
straight on level line with the point or
the junction of it with the main stems;
use the fingers outspread in mingling
the fine dirt with the roots, and be care
ful that not an air space is left at the
lotions, and also that the earth upon
the lower roots is packed the hardest or
tightest of any.
As you reach the upper roots only see
that each root is surely surrounded with
earth, and then let the last four inches
of earth be sprinkled on with spade or
shovel, without pressure of foot or any
thing else: don't even fiat it with the
shovel, and be sure to keep your own
and Paddy's feet off; for every pressure
will destroy the natural position of the
root below R. ELLIOTT, IN Clere
land Herald.
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23

( RIDERS left with L. A. Ia dwiD, corner
SyMain anu Stndusky 5ts-, Will receive
prompt attention. Refer TO q =. Musher,
isaac Davis, Chas Z. Mics. James wilson,
Aaron Blackford. and Others in this place
who have purchased stone.
July 20 7I-tf
The Findlay Jeffersonian. [volume] (Findlay, Hancock County, Ohio) 1870-1881, 1874-10-23
Executriz' Notice.

yE,HE CEDEESlGSED has been appoint
"a an qualified a. ExecutriX 81 the viii o
Sobert l. StfOtHer, lafe oI Hancock county
Ohio. deceased SARAH a SlHO4 HER.
Oct. 10, I57i-3w