, 1874-12-27
The Pachng-Houses the Chief Source
Of the Efnuvia.
L Minute Inquiry into The Causes Pro-
duetiye Of the Foul Gases.
Together with a Mention Of Some OF
the Attempts at Deterioration.

Tn,n7->r instructed IT'S scientific commissioner
to investigate the various packing and rendering
houses, fertilizer manufactures, and other
tueli-producius establishments iu and about the
:lty. The first visits we're paid to the
Union sTocK YARDS,
where the largest packing business in the world
is DONE and the greatest portion OF the eutralls
OF tho animal are manufactured into fertilizers
In this article aro given tho results OF Euch an-
yes,,ea@on in all the packing and rendering
houses. etc.. which form tho large group OF
buildings situate Immediately On tho west s:dc
of the Union stock-Yards, and which arc trav-
ersed lousitutinaly By two lines Of railroads.
Preliminary to the detailed description Of the
processes adopted in each packiug-house or far
tilizer-manufactosy for dspoeing Of the blood
sud entrails, or, technically speaking, "odal,"
OF the SWING which arc Eilled. it will be OF intor-
est to examine the various etcps by which
THE UsEAPpY PoRKER
ia transformed from the living animal into pork,
either salt or fresh, and stowcd away in barrels
OF sent immediately into market as the case
may be-
Arriving at the pacxing-house, the herd of
pwine aso driven up an inclined plane on the
ou.si3e OF the building, the top Of which COM
n,cn;ca.es with the interior OF the building
third Ioor) BY door opening into small pen
from which DoT selects Ills victim ana attaches
4 sp7ing-catch nnd chain to Que OF his hind legs,
b7 which he ia swung up on to 3 rail. thus hang
ing head downwards. In this position
he IS "srUCk
.,y the sane boy. aud dies within five minutes
Thereafter Another boy slides tie dead animal
along ths rail on which lao rs hun:,, aud at zig
nal FROM tho foromau releakes the spring catch
aud chain attached to his hind leg, and let's the
hot water, which scalds him and thus loosens
the Lairs. On arriving 1t the other cnd Of the.
trough the hog is caught up by revolving r1ko
and turned over ON to tablo on which men
scrape off the hair aud bfisties, which are col
]ected il barrels and thus sold; these may bo
termed
THE FIRST PRODUCT OF "rooR PIGGY"
The head ard trot1els are then removed,
AID the animal n then hung up again.
tue whole Of tho entrails removed, and
the cazca4s then left hanging for twenty
four hours, until the whole OF the animal
heat has cvaporated. It is then cut up into the
various market forms. such as sides. shoulders,
ha1ns. ETC., and those portions which are to be
e2lted arc sent down slide into the CELLAR Of the
building, where the sailing is done by hand. md
the various fornls, hams, sides, ETC., piled in
separate heaps, after which they are packed in
barrels aud exported, in many cases direct to
Liverpool, England
TIE ENTRAus-
Returning now to consider the disposal OF the
entcalls wefind that they ale sorted into two
portions. both OF which axe thrown into large
tanks. nnd arc hoiled therein for lard.
the larger of whicA portions consists OF
lungs. henrt, liver. head, feet, ETC., the
smaller portion OF the bowels or small gute,"
etc. At this point the first offensive smell is
raised. The lard-tanks arc frequently very
badly closed, or else left entirely open On the
rop, the covers teing removed to facilitate their
rapid charging. Through theae openings the
steam and organic vapor5 escape into the room,
and il some packing-houses the odor tAerefrom
10 yesJ strong, AZ
-y7t>Y WIN
hang for long time underneath the flooring Of
tic Eto1y above tho top OF the lare-tanks. After
all t.aa lard has thus been extracted from tho
entraih, tke5 ure then removed from the tanks.
becg known technically j" tankings." either
to undergo drying treatment On the premises,
lifting them Tor the uso OF the fertilizer,
manufacturers, or they are simply dumped into
avat outside the building, where sney remain un-
til tAs uaI11re manufacturers shall cast them
away. In all the packing houses
TUE STEAM AND yApons
arising from .hc lard-boliiEG carried direct
iuto the chimney-etacas, and thence, being rap
idly disseminated through tho air en- the primer
pie Of diffusion of gases, speedily reach and
envelop tho southern portion Of OUT city. yero
these, however, the only yapors which
reach US from the packing houses, the
sterch nuisance would scarcely exist. ae
the quantity Of such vapors is not large
ariso when tho ~ tankiugs" arc subjected to
dying process, either before or after being sold
to tho fertilizer manufacturers, aud also those
arising from the actual manufacture OF the
"tansiogh'' ard hleod into fertilizers.
Ho1 The FLOOD IS DisposEp OF.
s. farthe manner OF disposal of the entrails
Of the hog hns been described Before classifying
the various smells which, united, form the Lor-
rid stencil 60 often troublin: our CITY. the man.
ner in which the blood is DISPOSED Of should bo
mentioned. In moat packine-houses this runs
direct from tho animal into a vat nl-ca1 ~,
tho outside OF the brilding. whence t il corfel
o;t1 t1A~ H..
manu!acturo Of fertilizers. or to ha traatod Brst
for tie extraction o. its albumen- su1,stance
Of considerable use in the crts.-nnd of ira color
tnk natse1, "nca lo1as tue substance OF nch
drie1 On tic nreisea of tIa 1,s,nrnnse +e ase
blood IS also dried, but senarate rom the
ta,,kinge." IN open tanks vii, steam. ria ria
.aposs arising from Tie dryinr-nroce aas
ara in one or two cases ic.1 ;nto a
condenser where thev aro s,,nnorad n - nso o,r
asnaed py stream OF let's OF cold w,tsr T sehnh hG
pay upon them md rhs, car1.- ro.u ~ th a VIII
N solution into the drain. aud thence into the
os e.sss tev o. NE eba1 ac1s9 ave1 but in
smoiest.ck nr c1iurar ee, ,x,e ea o'tect 1 70 me
into ~ 49, a. etnnoy; ~ "nence they escape
ttAo oPeA Al1s hAA Wing Their speedy