Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983, 1874-12-03
LEONARDTOWN. MD. THURSDAY MORN

was founded were brought int
prominence by the part taken
Christian Empesors In couveni
ellis and enforcing their decrees
conflicts which occurred betwo
councils themselves and the =
of the popes, and by the cont
pre-eminence waged by the See
stantinople with the patriarchaI
the East, and with Rome hersell
Leo the Great received the apl
Celidonius, Bishop of Besane
posed by Hillary Of Politics.
stored him to his zee; thus, a1S
maintained his doctrinal lettUH -
sceived as 4 Iinal deciSIon by. et
cilof Chalcedon ASH. Anotlsl
ment quoted by ultramontone q
gians as pointing to an exercise q
premacy is letter of Pope Gelasfl
493. in which it is said :-''The C
themselves refer the appeal of the y
Church to the examination Of
chair. They decree that from it
is no further appeal, and by it
whole Church is judged; it goes
Judgment to none, nor can its judgn !
be Judged, nor its sentence revers
Liable, vol. iv., p. l,l69.) Aga5e!
this claim of deciding all ecclesiast
causes without appeal, thus distin@ y
formulated in the fifth century, isqu0 =
the recently established fact of the :.
man presbyter st. Hippolytus havlnl
been at the time of his death in op<o.
sition to the Pope, his superior, as vi
as the instances in which popes fell iQtE
heresy or encouraged heretical opiniou
Such were the cases of Zozimus, vk<
commended the Pelagian teaching 70!
Celestius; Julian, who affirmed the 0r.
thodoxy of the Sabellian Marcellus b
Arcyra; Liherius, who subscribed (3&9,
TO the Arian creed of Rimini; Vigi1ni
(547), who contradicted himself thxic<
on question of faith; and Honorins
who lent the whole weight Of his III.
thority (633) to the support of the ms.
cent Monothelite heresy, and was spl'
EMMY communicated by an ecumepi.
cal council for doing so. Still the bi5h.
ops of Rome persisted in their claims
while in the East the resistance to them
grew as the ratriarchs of ConstantinO.
pie rose in power and influence among
the Eastern hierarchy, until the conffic,
Of jurisdiction ended (879) in the die.
ruption Of Christendom.
IL Western Europe the primacy of the
Roman bishops continued to be univer.
sally acknowledged after the separatiou
of the East and West; hut their Pr.
sonal infallibility was never maintai :
in formal theological. thesiast
time of Thomas Aquinas. ne Z
does not employ the term iffSjNNa :.
he says that the same security from -rrU,
in teaching, judging and determining
all that pertains to faith, which is as.
cribed to the church, belongs also to the
Roman pontiff, by virtue of the promise
made to Peter. The thesis, thus placed
in distinct form before the great theol.
ogical schools of Europe, soon acquired
increased definiteness and interest from
the contests between temporal princes
and the popes, and between rival claim.
ants for the papacy and the ecclesiasti.
cal assemblies convened to heal the
great western schism. Philip the Fail
in 1903 declared his intention of call.
ing general council to Judge Pope
Boniface VIII. In the Council of Con.
stance, where the French clergy largely
predomirated, the French theologian.
DAILY and Gerson proposed the fran.
irg of decree declaring an ecumenica
council superior to the pope. In the
| Council Of Basel. soon afterward, thi.
superiority was urged against Euge.
Mus ~. particularly after he had dis
solved that body. The superiority oi
of ecumenical councils to Papal author.
ity was embodied in the pragmati,
sanction of Bourges in l4SS, both as q
theological maxim and as rule of na.
tional Jurisprudence Thenceforward
the theologians in France who main
tanned this superiority were called Gal
licans and their opponents ultramon'
tanes. Gallicanism, considered as 8
system of Jurisprudence and theologi
cal doctrine. comprised the liberties ol
I franchises of the Gallican Church ant
the peculiar tenets of its churchmer
with regard to the nature and limit.
of the pontifcal supremacy. Thes,
Gallican franchises were understood il
one sense by the churchmen and IL
quite another by French magistrates
In reality they affirmed that the Pop,
had no right, by virtue Of his suprema
CIV. to interfere with the King in tn,
holding of his crown or the lawful ex
ercise of his power; that the election o
ecclesiastical dignitaries, the COLLATION.
of benefices and the disposition of thei
revenues, the imposition and collection
of taxes on church property, belonged
by inherent right and custom exclusive
IL to the Church of France. under tn
protection of the king. These franchi
ses. and the peculiar doctrine of tn
Gallican Church concerning the Pope
inferiority to general council. wer
formulated in six articles presented b,
the Sorbonne to Louis XIV, May
1868, which were reaffirmed with great
er solmnity in 1852 The famous ..fou
articles" then proclaimed by the assem-
bled clergy, besides the absolute indie
rendence of the civil power, declare,
that the plenitude of power in spiritu
ais possessed by the successor Of S;
Peter is to he limited by the decree
of the Council of Constance. whic
have ever been in force Ia the Galliea
Church; that the use Of the Pope
apostolic power is TO BE- regulated b
the canons. and within the kingdom G
France tv the received rules, custom
and constitutions; and that, althoug