The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1874-01-15

Apple Tree hofeFb-lOffect Length
OF whimetrees-How TO Hang q
Hog-Harness Ref0rm-Preaerva.
ton OF Milk-Practical SugEes-
Tons
APPLE TREE BoRERs.
There are several insects known as
apple tree borers, but tine one most de-
s,ructive to the trees is the larva or
grub or the two-striped Ssperda (Sopsr-
da candida). This beetle is about three
quarters OF an inch long, OF a buff col.
or. with Two distinct stripes extending
from the head to the tip of the wing
covers. 1t is very shy. hiding in crew
ices of the bark, and up among the
leaves of the tree during the day, and
lying about at night. The beetles ap-
pear in the spring, the females usually
depositiug their eggs on the bark OF the
trees near the ground, where they soon
batch, and the grubs bore into the cap
wood of the trees, frequently complete
" girdling the stems. The grubs are
nearly cylindrical, tapering lightly
rom the head to the end OF the body.
The head ia small, brown, and horn
like in appearance. Apple trees that
are cultivated, with the stems surround
ed by grass and weeds, are much more
likely to be attacked than those receiv-
ing the opposite treatment.
The grubs can be found in the trees
at this season and during the summer,
their presence being readily detected by
the saw dust-like excrement pushed
out from the burrows made by them.
They should be dug out; q small gouge
or O strong, sharp pointed knife be.
ing used for this purpose. Lime or ashes
are frequently recommended as preven-
tives, being heaped or strewn thickly
about the stems; but we are inclined
to believe that their efficacy. if they
possess any, is mainly due to keeping
the grass and weeds from growing up
and shading the very place which the
beetle selects for depositing her eggs.
The Saporda attacks trees OF all ages,
but appears to prefer those that are
Young, probably because the bark is
thinner and affords more ready access
to their young. The only certain msthod
OF preserving our apple orchards from
destruction ls to examine the trees once
or twice every season, and dig ont every
grub found in them. II the base OF the
stem, Tor a foot or more from the
ground upward, is enclosed Ia oiled or
tar-ed paper, or any similar material,
the female will seldom attack the trees.
But even with these precautionary
measures the tree should be annually
examined.
the next moot troublesome inject is
the "aat-h esded borer." This grub is
the lsrya OF small fattish beetle,
about half an inch long, OF greeuish-
black color above, aud bronze appear
ance underneath. The name OF this
beetle is ChrysObothris .fsmorata. and it
appears at various times during the
summer, the females depositing their
eggs on the elems as we'll az IN the
forks OF the main branches, 1t does
not, however, confne its rsvages to the
apple or trees belonging to the same
family, like the Ssporda named above,
but attacks the peach, oak, and several
OF our forest trees, as well as other
kinds OF fruit trees. The grubs
bore almost entirely between
the bark and wood. the latter dying as
they advance. They are very flat and
the head appears very large in proper"
ton to the body; hence the common
name, "fat-hesded apple tree borer."
In some parts OF the country this in-
sect is very abundant, and large patches
OF dead, shrunken bark mark their
presence in the trees. The only pres
yentive with which we are acquainted
is painting the trees at least twice each
summer with strong soap. OF course
the application, TO be etfectual, must
extend from the ground up to and
among the larger branches. Frequent
examina.ions are also necessary, and
every grub should be dug ont and the
wounds made by it covered with some
kind Of wax to prevent decay OF the ex-
posed wood.
THE CORRECT LENGTH OF wHIFFLETREEs.
A horse cannot draw as well with a
whiffletree twelve feet long as with one
two feet six inches in length, because
the line Of draught is not In the proper
direction to be most effective. Nor can
two horses harnessed abreast draw well
with whiffietrees ten feet long, while
their heads are coupled close together,
because they must travel sidewiss more
or lees, in which position no animal
can exert all his strength to the best
advantage in hauling q load:
Horses draw best with the double
whiffletree just long enough to allow
them to stand close to each other, hav-
ing the single whiffietrees attached di-
rectly behind them, and just long
enough to meet the middle. When the
double,ree is very long, each horse
must draw more or less sidewiss If the
cou bling lines add the neck-yoke are
not made long enough to allow them to
move directly forward without having
their heads turned toward each other.
In order to determine the correct length
of whiffletrees, let two horses stand
side by side with their sides three
inches apart; then measure from the
centre OF one horse to the other on their
backs. This will give the lesngth for
a neck-yoke aud the correct length for
the double whiffietree between the
Joints where the siBgle-trses are to &c
attached. When q neck-yoke is only
eighteen inches long, and the double
tree of the proper lesgth, horses will be
required to move more or less sldeWlse
For the same reason oxen aften gel
in the habit of hauling sidewise'
because the yoke is too short
HOW TO HANG A HOG.
A correspondent Of an,Eastern jour
nal gives the following method tor the