davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1874-03-26

flymoush Church yoHtorday tlocidoa to reject
the invitation to DO proaont at tho CONGREGATIONAL
Council, 5s0 members, alt of those who woro
prosont, voting in tlis way. A protest was also
drawn up, sotting forth TINT tho Council is
er parfc, without precedent. and called in tho
samo spirit Of monaco and coercion with whlcl,
tho two Brooklyn churches eought to bring
plymouth Church to confession. Tho pro-
test was presented to tho Council,
and Drs. storrs and Burlington mado
their statements. DR.. storrs blan,od nlr,
beechor for not donying tho alandorous charges
naado against him, and Plymouth Church for
dropping membor without trial. DR.. Budinc.
tou declared that III these dayB of political and
general corruption it WAS necessary TINT tho
purity Of tho pulpit should 10 preserved. The
Council adjourned till tlia morning without
taking any further action.
, 1874-03-26
A *GR0SS" OUTRAGE.

The State of Delaware has got grievance, for
the redress Of which slo appeals to 'tlo Amori-
can people," It soemB that. in the Bcience Of
numbers, the wisdom and learning Of man havo
overlooked tho important duty of defining what
constitutes "groBs Of matches" Now Dola-
Waro is largely engaged in the manufacture Of
matohes, md Of necessity is deeply Interested in
bill now pending before Congress which defines
gross Of matches to bo Il, 400 matches, or LII
bo1es containing 100 matches each.
In tho whole United States, in 1873, there were
manufactured 100000 gross OF matches, upon
which tho manufacturers paid tar Of q, ,450 900.
In tue abHenoo Of apy definition Of
what constitutes gross Of matches, the
general custom in tho United States, outaido
Of Delaware, has been to put up matches in
boxes containing 100, 200, 800, or, 400, aud to
count LA boxea containing 100 each, or
l4,40o matches, as gross; the mma number Of
boxes With 200 in oach as two f:ross, and 80 on
In Delaware, however, the manufacturers put
on'y fifty matches in box, aud they count la
boxes OF that szo, containing altogether 1900
matches, as gross The result is that, when
man buys gross Of matches, it depends upon
whero they aze made whether ho gets III boxes
containing 100 each or the same number of
boxes containing fifty oach It is stated that Dea-
ware matches sell at Wholesale at 81. 90 per gross,
while other matches sell at a2.75 per gross In
tue one case the gross consaina 1900 matchos
in the other 14.40Q Each box in tho gross
ls stamped, 30 that given number Of
matches made in Delaware pay twice tho
amount Of revenue that tho same number
mado elsewhere pay. Delaware produces 200, 600
gross Of boxes Of matohos III year, aud.
though each Of those boxes contains only fifty
matches, she pays as 1nupll revenue rs il tho
boxes contained 100 oacl,. Now, Delaware is
willing to pny this double tax, II Congress- will
refuse to pass tie law defining gross to DO
II, 400 matches. The Inference is that Delaware
makes money by selling two gross of rhntoilea
out OF tho same number which aro sold BY other
manufacturers as one gross. Delaware insists
that what shall constitute gross OF matches
shall ho loft to the FREQ choice Of the manufao-
Juror. Delaware selects 1900 mntchos for
grosfs, and pro:osts-and appeals to tho country
to protoat-agatnst requiring 14,l0o matches in
q gtpas
, 1874-03-26

TOT Gil OF them or for any two OF them bo Just
Thie cost is mato up Of Bovon olomonts, roail.
"9S ohaFgos, gonoral o1ponsos, station service,
track ropairs, car service, trim ecryco, and
insurance.
| 1soauway charges consist Of the ropars oxol,,-
| 6ivo OF now rails, and Of tho taxos Tho ropairs
arc caused mainly by tho action Of tho woatl1or,
not by tho traffic. Tlo taxos, too, do not do
pond upon tho amount Of traffic. Tho roadway
clargcs do not vary, then, with tho traffic.
General oxponHoa comprise tho cost Of general
management and Of contingencies. These OK
ponsce arc much henvier In proportion for short
road than long on0. Thoy, therefore, do not
vary precisely with tho amount Of trafllc, a1-
though they do Homewhat.
Station service inc1ndcs tho cost Of agents and
cloikH, loading aud unloading, watchmop and
s"1tclmon, etc. 1t varies pretty nearly will, tho
tonnage hand1cd, but Inns no rotation to the num-
Dor Of miles run.
Track repairs vary with tho number Of mi1oB
run' Other facts, however, tito equipment of
tho road, whether heavy or light, the care takon
IN tho original construction, tho cmnto, tho soil,
Affect this elcment Of cost worry markedly.
Gar sorvico includes a1l the running expenses
and rernirs Of froight cars. It varioy, roughly
speaking, With tho number OF miles run.
Train service includes au tho running exponsos
and repairs Of locomotives, and the wages OF
conduotora, ongineera, 1romen. and trainnnen.
This varicB with tho tonnage aud tho distance It
is carried. It is tho only ono OF tho sovon olo-
monts OF cost which docs 30 vary, Even 1t Ia
affected by various other facts, sucl, "a the con-
struotfon Of the track, tho proportion OF cars
that must DO hauled empty ono way, tho cost
OF wages and fuel, oto.
The insurance depends on tho value or franil-
lty Of tho articles transported.
Here, thon, arc sevon elements Of cont only
two Of which agreo in their variation. Tho
number Of miles run is tho standard OF thosv
bwo. Whom the coat Is such q complex result.
'an any Legislature dotcrmino It satisfactorily?
Sotis ia essential to find out tho coat Of thing
bofoEo you put price upon 1t. Not only does
the cost OF transportation por ton per mile vary
IN each Of tho sevon railroads included in the |
Esblos but each Of tho sevon ooments of TINT
'oss varios on oach rnilroad. There is but ono |
exception. The item Of insurance is tho Same
per ton Per milo on two roads. This is. how
'vcr, nese accident, for that itom ynrioa, US
"e haVo said, with tho value or fragility, and
'ot with tho bulk or weight. Of tho freight. Wo
'ub}oin ono of Mr. cts tables, which sun,s up
he atato Of tho case in 3 few lines Of figures:
, 1874-03-26

No human ingenuity could frame an unchang-
ing taaW which could bo Justly applied to these
soVen railways. An eighth clement of cost,
which no State has yet fully considered in it's
frefght-laws, Ia tho amount of cash capital in
vested in tho road. This should have q fair
return. It 1t got nothing during tho first few
yoara,-and this is very likely,-it should got
enough afterwards to make up the loss. On tho
other hand if it's atock has boon watorod, notll-
ing should be allowed for tho watered portion.
Mr. @. aumB up his remarks On State tarifrs by
saying: "Thoro is no term Of comparison more
fallaclous, to apply to individual oases or
particular shipments, than tho average cost por
ton por milo." Rates must change from timo to
time, and must ho comparatively less for long
than for short distances. IA fair rate ono year
may be insufficient or extortiouato tho next"
II tho rates Of 1868 had been maintained
through 1865, sl1 Of the seven roads III
lhe table would have been operated at
loss. aIr. q. predicts TINT thoro will bo great
ordivoraty railroad charGea ovory year and says
that there ought to BE- He dooa not consiaer
competition an inyariable cheapener OF transpor-
'.tion. It may act IN just tho contrary WAY,
FOR now road, II It Ia superluoua, will not pav
itself, aud will diminish the traffic Oh tho old
road with which It compates, su that the Inter
will huyo to raise its rates. Some curious calou-
lations are glvon to show the limits Of profitable
competition. In tho cotton States, wl,ere ono
car carries OF tho product Of A acrcs, competing
railroads will pay II they arc GO mtlos apart, III
Illinois, carload OF corn contaius the orop OF
7>5 acres, and We can have roads 20 milos apart,
In wheat country, 22 acres would bo rea,urcd to
produce car-load. A car would contain 10 acros
In cattle or 50 acres iu hogs. Titus stocr-rafsnr
stntos Gun mover expect tho same railroad facili-
ties that thefr agricultural noighbors have,
Tho essay olosea with two suggestions, Tho
only way to give aubades to railroads ia ror thu
towns taoy ronch to guarantee them certain
rate OF interest On their bona,tde capital during
tito first fow yearB attor their completion. An
approximately fair way to calculate tho ooat q,
transportation oil any railroad is to tliyjdo thu
gross cost OF handling, billing, aud oheckiug
fre'ght by the number Of tons forwarded, and to
cona1dor the result ~ an arbitrary charge por
ton' without regard to tho distance run, aud to
Rpportlon tho othor clements OF cost (oxcopt
capital inyesteD according to the mileage mado
by freght.trains. BY adding to this enough to
Yield fair profit on the cgpital tnyoatod. the
ps1os ol transportation bau bs Approximately
, 1874-03-26

The Old Dominion Legislature passed. lan,
some days aince. which virtually diHfrancAiaed
tie colored population Of Petersburg. Some
1000 negro voters, Of whom thirty-fyo pay
taxes, form the majority Of tho Petersburg
olectorH. They uso thoir power ~ their follows
IN South Carolina do.-to rob. The Conaerya-
tive Legislature vosted tile control Of tho city's
Police and Fire Departments and Of tho expend-
iture OF tho oty's money in Commission,
which was to bo appointed by tue Judge Of the
Corporation Court. The Conservative Governor
vetoed the bill. He said, wisely enough, that
1t wsa unjust, aud that the negroes, II
thoy ever got control Of the Legislature,
would act on suc1 precedent and
would be Justified in doing 60. When tho veto
was announced, the whites Of Petersburg burned
Gov. Kemper In cnlgy, whoseupon tile latter
added pathetic appendix to his message: "If
tho pathway Of duty shall DO lighted with tho
blaze Of my burning eflgiea, nevertheless shall
tread it with an untaltsring step to the eud.'
So much gasconado may be pardoued him 10 con-
sidera!ton Of tho rea! manl!ne#s Of his course,
It ia gratifying fact that the House In w4lcL
Tue bill originated sustained tho veto by 20 to IS,
and that the whole Conservative rress Of yir-
gluta and tho South, with possibly hali-a-dozen
exceptions, approves Of tho Governors action.
, 1874-03-26

The joint ballot ]alen yosterday on tho e1cc-
toh OF massachusetts senator gavo A1r, Dawos
" Votes, gain Of O.; Mr.. Hoar 50, gain of @ !;
nna Nr. Curtis II, gain Of l. D1r. san-
ford received but one vote, which would
2ndlcate that tho votes given to
him tho frat day were merely complimentary.
A conference betsnau tho Dawey and Hoar mr..
tisans Yesterday art>ught forth no results unless
tho strong sentinle n:s uttered on both sides
ahall have tho oiEect Of iutensitylug tho stub
bornuess OF the uon1ict,
, 1874-03-26
RAILWAY FREIGHT-TARIFFg

We have received paper on "The Elements
Of Cost Of Railroad Freight Traffic." which Mr.
Q. Ohanuto, Q. E., recently read before the
American Society OF Civil Engineers. It's argu-
monta aud conclusions aro we'll worth oonsidcra
ton.
Alr. Chanute haHes what he has to say on nlu
tlatics. He pointaout. however, that the figures
may lie. The roads keep their acoounts in sucl,
different ways that comparison is difficult, and.
again, it III not easy to accurately distinguish the
expenses Of tho passenger and freight traffic. be-
causo many mon employed at stations MD in
both, and their wnsos consequently must be
added partly to one account and partly to tho
other However, tho figures give Soma
reliable data. On these AIr. Chanute
builds. Tho first objection to a tarlr
fixed by the state il TINT tAe cost Of transport-
ing ton milo yaries from 80 to DO pcr cont in
the different mouths. How, then, eau an un-
varying charge for al the mouths be fair ono
The second objection is that the cost of traus-
portatlon varies greatly on different railways.
On Home 1t il four times wllat 1t ia on o.!urs.
This can bo partially met by arbitrarily dividing
the railroads into different olaaseB, as Wisconsin
has dono. Mr. Clanute bolioyos however, TINT
It III impossible 10 fix tariff which shall fairly
apply to any two roals. He gives four tables Of
the comparative earnings and exponhea Of soyen
ra'lroads,-tho New York Consral the Erie, tho
Lalio shoro. tho Syracuse, Dinghamton l. New
York, tho Harlem, the Rensselaer, l. Saratoga,
The cost OF transportation por ton per mile on
thoae aeYau roRda varies from 704 to 1886 uents,
In no two u II tho same. Would fixed tariff
, 1874-03-26
THE ST, LOUIS pLASTEB-MARKET

Tho efforts Of st. Louis to become tho Capitsl
Of tho United stnteB. to o1coed tho population
Of Now York, to monopolizo all tho business Of
tho Wost, to have all tho prizo-Hghts, and to cx-
tond her eocial-ovil system as the panacoa for
human ills, aro just now collapsed by lor recent
surgical operation upon gentleman from Chi
oago. Tho unfortunate victim upon whom tho
st. Louis sawlonos praotced his remarkable
ingenuity was Mr. O. ". Baldwin, who is on-
gagod in tho construction Of elevators, and who
had tho misfortune to bo injured by tho broakine
OF beam to which tho elevator was attschca,
st. Louis surgeon Was called, who at once de-.
oidcd that NIr. Daldwin's skull and hip wero
broken. Tho unfortunate Baldwin. notwith-
standing his condition, made up his mind to
como homo to Chicago. Tho St. Louis surgeon,
unable to dissuado him, made preparations to
pack him up for tho Journey. We quote from
tho account recently published:
The limb was wrapped and rewrappod with voolon
bandages and then covered with poco Of mosquito
netting after which the fluid pasor-o-pars was ap-
Flied. Tho patient haa to enuro these operations for
two mortal honrs, during which he stretched upon
Q platform. and raised tho bandngcs were wrappcd
Under
ha sa Of Il. back, while TWO attendants lifted the
lower part Of Ills body required.
Thus enoased IN hard plhster-of-Paris, Mr.
Baldwin roached home. aud, consulting his
own surgeon, was delighted to find that his
skull was not broken at oil, aud that his hip was
WAS not broken either. His surgeon, with the
help Of stone-mason, Immediately got Mr,
Daldwin's leg out Of its plaster of-Pars prlson,
and tho patient fe now doing woll. and will
shortly be out again. In connection with th,s
brilliant specimen Of surgery, It is pertinent to
inquire il this surgeon put A[r. Baldwin into
plaster. of-paris merely because lie is a Chicago
man, or because lie didn't know any better. II
for tic former reaaon, ho ought to have his
head done up In plastor-or-Parls for the rest
OF his life. II for tile Inter, re arc some-
what surprised that he didn't tropan him
and amputate his leg, In either event, the con-
dition OF unfortunate victims Of accident In st.
Louis must oo deplorablo one, and 1t helps to
account for the high price Of plaster In TINT mar
ket. It is about tirno thnt 81. Louis Surgeons
and the newspapers OF that CITY, which extol!ed
the science OF this particular surgeon, should un-
derstand that Chicago people who got hurt there
don't want to bo done up in plastor-of-Patis, and
that what will kill st. Louis man only occa-
sions Chicago man slight Inconvenience. Aa
Nlr. Baldwin is about to send the plaster cast Of
his leg back to that city, whore 1t was made, wo
suggest to the city authorities that they take
charge OF it and set 1t up in some of their public
parks as monument to tho skill Of st. Louis
surgery.
, 1874-03-26

Congress- adjourned onco, somo time ago, to
pormt tho members to 60 to Ohoster, Pa, to
Wltheas tho launch OF tho now iron steamer
City Of poking. Aftor the launch thoro was a
foast,-tlo Company owning tho vessel having :
nil before Congress- for = subsidy. In tho re-
port Of the atter-dinner proceedings thcro oc.
oura tho following:
hlr. Cameron, "in a brtof sneech nronourco, n.
present proud occasion for t!a stats tic Iron md
eoai nsesests Of which ho had long ago
control tae sortd. Iie Ind been peculiarly doljnacd
vanin, " AeHusSs'
Mr. Cameron told tho truth. The iron and
coal intoroata Of Pennsylvania hayo controlled
the logiHiatton Of Congross for over ton yoaraL
and have In that simo oxtortcd from tho pcople
several hundred millions Of dollars for the pr1y-
l1ege.
, 1874-03-26

Mr. starno's proposition to submit an amend
1nent to soc Il Art. X, of the Constitution.
relating to tho raising OF State revenues, has
ta'led Tho resolution was reported adversely
sud defeated by q vote of % to 17,-a two-thirds
sote bong necessary to its adoption. This
action would Indicate belief on tho part Of q
considerable portion of the Illinois Sonata TINT
the present constitutional provisions arc ample
Tor laleing tho revenue, either in the old way or
IL tile now way, which proposes to substitute
licenses for ta1es
, 1874-03-26
gllah labor is no better paid than It was twonty

Bllan labor ia no better paid than II WAS twenty
yeara aso, but tito Etonomtst rotorts by showing
tint tho consumption per capita Of tho
oft'oloa constantly usod by tho lnbortng
o'ns6ea has greatly inoroasod In that
timo. Tho only exception ie In tho oaso Of
coflco. It's use Inns decreased "a per cont. Tho
uso Of cocoa has increased 100 por cont of im-
ported splrita 00.G; OF British spirits, 80; Of
malt, 65.o; Of tobacco, 84.o; Of Sugar, o2.0; and
Of ton, 102.6 ror cont II thoro iB 80 much moro
demand for theao commodities, thcro 1nust be
higher wages. We published, some time SINCE
some lottora from a Yorkslliroman now residing
IN Northwestern State, who found himself un-
able to 1.-Two ns comfortably a. ho Ind In tho old
country. About tho eamo time. twenty out Of
HovontY momberB Of carpenters association In
this city showed what they thought on tho mat
tor by going back to England. No have boforo
us tho trade-roport for tho present month"; issued
by tho A1na1gamatod Socioty Of Carpenters and
Joinors, Which has 235 branches in England.
Scotland, and ireland. md 10 In tho Unitod
States and Canada Of The 214 foreign branches
which have aent In returns, Q report trade
as livery bad" as "bad 2as "vory dull," 40
aa "dull, /" LOO as "moderate," 24 az "atoady."
33 as good" md 1 as "vory guod." Only 81
then, or loss than q fourth OF tho
whole. report state Of trade bolow Tho average.
Tho 18 American branches classify trade ~ fol-.
lo1s: "Vcry bad" Q; "bnd,"7 livery dull, L;
dull" 4; Improving" 1; "modorate," /;
and "good,"1. Thus 1G American branches, or
30 por cent Of tho whole, report a state OF trado
below ths average. Thcso hguroa certainly do
not invite immigration.
, 1874-03-26
THE PROBLEM OF IMMIGRATION,

Does it pay to become an American citizen /?
lind On our shores, woek after week, to find the
answer. For yoara that auswer was yos. To-
day 1t is, in many cases, no. Tue Immigrant too
often fiudA that he has left home and friends for
tue saao Of imaginary woaltA which he cannot
gain. Whom our crowded poorhousea and ovor-
burdened CHARITIES arc considered, we must
sLudder ut Joseph Aroh'a wild idca Of bringing
over hero Ills tons Of Thousands Of fo} owers,-
followers WHO are 30 poor thatthey will have to
truut to philanthropy to pay thoir passago Athor.
II they como, they como to starvation. They
are all common laborers. We have no room
for such men now,-espoolally when they arc
shipped by tho thousand. The wages of un-
skilled labor have been forced down too near
the starvation point already. We have just re-
ceiyed complaint from q man who has l,eon
employed for tlftoeu years by ono Of the rail-
roads entering tls oity. Two years ago ho VIVA
paid $3.50 q day. Now ho gots s1.25. Gan
such men stand moro competition ? During
last winter, the authortoa Of every largo city in
the Uuited States we're called upon to provide
work for Thousands OF men WHO could not oyon
get the chance to earn their daily brsnd. Does
q country which las just seen such sights otfpr
Ill inviting field for foreign arttsana2
Many poople believe that English mechanics
arc botter OF than their fellows In America,
Tho bellet Ia not Without roasou. Profa. ;Fawoott
Ind Carnes Aasa bssu srsins to sheu thAt Elm. :
, 1874-03-26

Tho Chicago produce markets wore generally
stronger yesterday, with rather large aggro-
gate Of tranaaotiona-mossly speculative. Moss
pork was active and loo por brl higher, closing
at 914.75@14.80 oash. and 914.8214@14.85 seller
April Lard WAS active and 211D5o por 100 ths
highcr, closing at eB.o711GD900 cash. and s0.02h
@oo5 seller april. Meats woro quiet aud strong,
at oI@6ac for shoulders; s7.05@28.00 tor short
ribs; 8]4@89Go for short clear; aud 0@1o1So for
swoot-plokled hams. Highwines wore aotiyo mud
advanced ~, closing at 0215o per gallon. Flour
#as quiet and strady. Wheat Was aotlso and 10
higher. closing 1t s1.1g}f cash, and 91,1ok
, 1874-03-26
l. HAPPY FAMILY BROKEN up.

Tho unanimitY which heretofore has been sup-
posed to prevail in tho happy family Of Rhode
Island politicians is last broken. The sprague
family, whioL has recently been in the throos Of
financial panic, seems to have lost its political
grip, md the Brown & Ivoa Manufacturing Com
pany, which has hitherto shared with the
spragues the political proprietorship OF the
State, has received very ugly rent, which
threatens to grow wider, and perhaps break its
political power entirely. Tho altered condition
OF things grows out Of the TACT that tho Logiala-
ture which will be elected next month
will choose q United States Senator to
succeed A1r. Spraguo, whose torn expres OH
tho It'll Of March, 1876. As Mr. spraguo is en-
tirely out Of tho contest, this shows that his
house no longer has political control, and that
the aceptra has passed to tho l.anls Of Brown
md Ives. The moment, however, TINT Brown
aud Ives got exclusive possession, tho Proyi-
dence Journal, which has all along been their
organ, and Is owned by Senator Anthony, pre-
paros the way fox rebellion, IS follows:
The dread Of one-n,an possession Of the politics Of
tue aate 1a very wholesome sentiment anywhere. We
have been accustomed to tha kind Of possession aud
control IN nhode Island, mud know how denoraliz-
ing and dezradngit II. We hopo Massachusetts Will
hayo no auch experience,
Tho mysterious Significance Of this paragraph
IS explained by the fact that Senator Anthony Ia
in favor Of Hon. Nathan r. Dixon Jr., OF Wes-
torly, very strong man, who haa an excellent
reputation in tho rural Districts. The Brown l.
Ivos concern, OIL tho other hand, hare put Con.
Burnside forward as its canddate. The Inter
las already taken the fold, having vialtetl yari-
ous parts Of tho State. opened headquarters
where tho Grand Army Of tho Republic may
rally, and secured the publication OF card rec
ommondlng Him. signed by all tile trst familios
WHO visit with tho Browns md Iyesos. This iB
strong start, ospocially as his opponent has.not
yet hoated lis colors. Other candidates arc aIso
loomiug up, among them. William r. Bhoflold
and ex-Cougressman Jenokea. All the eau
didates are, Of course, Republicans j; but In
oase tho Providence Journal aud Senator
Anthony make lvoly fight against the Brown
i Ivea Manufacturing Company, a. thoy now
threaten to do, it ia not improbable that tho
Democrats may 60 Into the fight also, and In
thla oaaa tho Hprague houas may look up.
attA. ~ thu apsaxhas oNn The Rhoas IalAad