, 1874-08-11
UTILIZATION OF WASTE MATERIAL.
11scful Things Manufactured from
THAT Which Everybody Throws

Fhna WHICH t1flrYHO0y 1nr0WE
Away.
Tho utilization Of waale articles forms tho
snbjoct Of n book recently pnb}ishod BY Mr. r.
i. Bfmmons, OF London. II Ia entitled, "Wnsto
Products and Hedcvoloped Substances" oha,n-
1ers journal, in rovlow Of tho book, cites some
remarkable fnatances Of tho reclamation at wnsta
aubstauoes and tho usoB to which they aro turn.
I'd. Among tho moBt curious caHoH noteli, and
ono outdoing o1oomargorine In tho marvelous-
moss Of tho Transformation is that Of making
TABLE JELLY OUT OF OLD BOOTS.
which s nlado tho subject Of introduction. Tho
journal Haye:
II Not long since. at tho mooting Of a club in
Now York, q jelly was exhibited on the table,
boot. boo The spoctaclo ot tue boot was myatory
untlt Il ras explained by one Of tho members
TINT from tho follow Of tho boot the Jolly had
been nado by certain chemical process. jelly
for tho tRblo mado out OF old boots!
"What next2 Wo do not hear thnt the jelly
In question was much appreciated NJ au article
Of dict. ItB manufacture. however, suggeats tho
proprioty of rosorvtng old boots and shoes for
ono or other OF the many purposes IN which they
mny DO employed, inatoad OF absolutely throwing
them away. indeed. aoraps Of all ports eau bo
advantagoously utilized and now very much
moro 30 than ever. Waste materials is . kind
Of lnisnomer' for there Is almost nothing abso-
WHAT uuEA1sTnY DOES.
"What with chemistry and manufao turing In
Gonuity, tlere 90 on around l11 the most extraor-
dluary transformations. Chemistry. like a
prudent housewife, says DR.. Lyon Playfair In
Tho clippings Of tho travelling tinker are mixed
with tho pairing of horses' hoofs from the amlthy,
tho cast of wooon garments OF tho poorest in
habitants of the sintor islo, md soon afterward,
tho lreBs OF oourtly DANES. Tho main In
gredient OF the ink with which now writo
was possibly one part OF tho brokon hoop Of
All old boor barrel. The honeB OF dead an
<v$nfH $b,nN b44fn -f 1%1aa Fnw
matches. Tho dregs Of port vino carefully ro-
jeoted by the port vine drinkeg In decantng his
favorite beverage, arc taken by him In tho MORN
ing 6oidiitz powdosB. Tho offal OF tho BtreptB,
preserved in tho 1ady's smelling bottle Or aro
used by hor to flavor blauo nlanges for her
friends. This economy OF art is only an imita-
ton OF what we observe in the chemistry OF ua-
passing into putridity, ehcnpe into tho atmos-
phoro, whore pante again mould them into forms
Of organic lifo; and these plants. acIually oon-
listing Of . past generation OF. ancestors, form
our present food
"1t Is quito evident from daily experience that
there Is an itamenBe mass Of materials thrown
away aa uaoless which might DO easily saved aud
disposed OF for general advantage. Paper, for
cxa1nplo. What prooigious waste of note
onl Basketfula burnt or carried to ths dust-bin.
Mr. Simmons asks; What becomes OF tho en-
yo!opos Of the 100000 Of lettorB passing
daily through our posi-. ..ofacea7 ali Of which aEo
s ehillings per owt.' Rags, Us 4 moro mnrketa-
bio material, arc better tuken caro Of; yet, rs we
aro informed, slx-tenths arc irreyooably wasted.
MARINE BTonRs,
As they arc called, arc tho woii-huown estahiish-
ments at which waste materials arc purchased,
but much never reaches them. Some years. ago,
committee OF tho London Ragged School Het
on foot rag-co1lecttng brigade Of boye, With
L. Ill
with considerable succesH. Paper, rags, bones,
fat, old carpets, metal, ropes, hats, were col:
feoted from houBoholdsra who we're glad to get
rid of tho refuse. In nine months the boys
sshs5 bsas ,6 q e I toa tns o; hoo
tho articles was q bag continuing million Of
uacd postage stnmps, which had boon collected
and stored up by soma fanatic.
ARTu10IAL LEATHER.
On old used loAther, such as TINT OF the boot
there bayo been various Bohemea Of utilization.
BY dissolving the leather by steam and certain
acids, 1t ia possible to produce printing rollerB
for cotton fabrics; hut 1t aoema preferable to
cut the loathet in pieces, mix thom with q CO.
mentiug liquid, aud then squeeze tho whole into
q mass Of different tllcknegaes, according to tic
purpose required, such as material for making
up tho solea and heels Of boota and shoes. With
quantity Of paste and tho force OF a steam en-
Of cakes Of leathor,-,tochnlcally, pan
cakes OF paated stooh. (which are
largely used IN the Wholesale shoe
manufacture Of Massachusetts, There is an-
ings and scraps Of leather. 'Theao arc ground
to powder, resembling coarHo annN, and this
powder is thon mixed with cortain gums and
other substances 90 thoroughly tbat tho wholc
short tmo this dries littlo and is rolled out to
the desired thickness, perhaps ono-tWeltth OF an
inch; it Ia now Qnite solid and 82id to 10 en-
tlro]y water-proof.' There ore various procosa-
1rrA
producing large sheets Of artificial leather,
possessing waterproof qualities but we have
not apaoo to 60 into any account Of them.
BONES.
:" Bones, new and old, whcrovor they can DO
picked up, are put to o variety Of uses. Tho
freBher kinds Of Ahank-boneH aorye for making
the handles Of knives, forks, and toosh-bsushes.
From somo, gelatino ia extracted. When not
aervicoablo for thesa purposes, they arc crushed
from Ib to .G5 los. per ton. Farmora buy it 10
largo quantities for fertiliznG their fields. The
importation OF this convenient fertilizer from
foreign countrlos Is immonae. Btorlea are told
Of battlc~helds boiug plundorcd for tho sake OF
tho dccaying bonos OF soldiers who havo
tnllcn. Researches for tho matoril ct
bone-dust aro carried on upon largo scale
III tho aneient cemeteries and pyramids Of
Egypt. Long ago, whom tho people Of that
and atowed them ceromontonaly away in cav
oruB, thoy wore not aware TINT thoy woro only
preserving them Tor manure iD 4 distant
European Hland.
MUTTON FROM THE BAncornAaUB.
"a correspondent OF tho Times, writing from
Alexandria, facetously romarks: Fanoy nut
ton fattanod on ancient EgyptianBl Tho other
day ut Sakhara I saw nino caulels pacing down
from the mummy pitH to tho bank Of tGo river
laden with nets, in which wero fonoza, tibiar and
other bony bits OF the human form, sone 200
wolght in each not on each side Of tho camel.
Among tho pits there we're people bnsilY
engaged In searching out, Sitting, aud
sorting tho bones which almost orilBt The
ground. On inquiry, learned that the cargoos
with which the camels were ladon would DO sens
down to Alexandria, and thence to bo shipped to
English manure manufaoturera. They mako OK
collcnt manure, am told. particularly for
Swedos aud other turnlps. Tile trale ia brisk,
aud las been going on for years. aud may go on
for many moro. It il strange fate--to presorvo
onea Skeleton for thousands Of years in order
that there may bo fine 8outhdowns aud
OAeslots tu distant land! But Egypt il alwaya
plaza Of wonders
OLD CLOTHES.
"Nothing soems to be 40 thoroughly used mp AZ
old clotheH. Tho buying and selling OF caHt-on
apparel is great business in London. Usually
tic worn garments arc freshenod up by dye-
Btuils, proaaod, aud otherwise dootoroa for the