New-York tribune., 1874-11-07

weapons that they invented names for things ana
words for their thoughts, and finally began to abstain
from war. TO fortiy towns and to enact laws But since
this classic myth disappeared from the view of Western
Europe before the traditions Of the Church, 1t has only
been by successive conquests over physical aud reg
GUS aniipathy that the grim peasanries OF Monboddo
and Samuel Johnson have at length passed into grave
controversy OF science. De Maet. vaing his ironca
purpose in Dialogue between a Heather Sage and
Christian Missionary, opened the question with glimpses
OF the primitive animals, the norman among then'
rising from the slime OF the deuge and becoming in the
OF generations adapted to the slowly desccated
earth Lamarrk imagined such transmutatons to have
occurred through the long eras and stages OIL
an organic progression by the instructive
efforts Of animals TO adjust themselves
to new conditions the stranded turtle growing into the
tortoise, the higb-browsng camel into the GIRAFFE. ana
the upright orang into savage and CIVILIZED man.
The author the Vertiges Of Creation recalled these
speculations from the obscury into which they had
been shaded by the great name of Cuvier mainly to
show the need of some higher law of development than
the mere efforts and habits Of animals Prof Richard
owen years ago surmsed the probable action ot
physical law by which nature has advanced with slow
and stately steps, through the archetypa ghf fr ON
the earliest vertebrate the fish 10 the glorious form
OF Messrs Darwin. Hooker. and Wallace have at
world tho survival OF the best ttest breeds In
the struggle for subsistence which Is ever going on
among the teemng populations OF nature. Mr.. Darwin,
COME cturng that himself may thus have fought DIS
upward from the inferior races has been collecting
the inherited proofs OF such origin from MS embryonic
Stages, his rudimpntal organs, and his very physOg
nomy. Prof Huxley has suggested that even his high
est faculties OF feeling and intellect may DO seen ger
minatng IN of The lower species with which he Is
most nearly connected Prof Haeckel declares tnat, IN
the course OF his organic me- from the germ 10 me grave
he epitomzes all the successive types OF the paB0ntoo
ca scale m Ana s se os sc @
typical shapes the proudes mobiles stii bazon ZOE
hfT hs is in m different
forms at least the principle upon which 1t proceeds
and they would doubtless agree win saying
to Scbaafhausen. that the secular transformation OF
animal into human species once proved could Dc DO
phosis of an egg into bird or enid into man.
MAN FORMED OUT OF TIE DUST OF THE EARTH.
On the other side OF the same question stands the
dogma OF Independent creation OF an immediate orma
ton OF out OF the ground, in the image of Cod on
the sixth day of the first week OF the world. 1t has
down to US through various forms Of statement
from the earliest comments on the waitings OF Moses
The rabbins from the of Sirach TO Pho delighted to
depict the divine image in Adam as rehecilng every
conceivable perfection OF body and mind Ihe IaerS
Tertullian ChrysOstom and Augustine discerDed II IN
godike aspect and dominion III his intellectual ana
moral faculties, and in miniature trinity or MS pohV
soul and spirit Tue school men ST. Bernard Lombard ana
scotus Distinguished itinto that intellectual image when
even in Gehenna cannot be consumed aud that moral
likeness which he lost by the fall The later doctors
Belsrmn and SuareE described such moral likeness as
a paradsaic dOwry which he had forfeited. yrgnai
wreath OF which lie had been despoiied The reiOrers
Luther and Calvin the faritans owen ana EiTaras ae
which has been wholly lost or mIrod ana can on DO
has since thought retouchng these ancient symbols
and at the present moment. while anthrOpOO%sts on
all sides mining into the fossil nora aud aana coeV
with primitive man. our reigning iogmatc conceptions
still crude and vague as the fescoes OF Raphael
and the paradise OF Milton.
IL will be obserxed that the preAdame and co-Adam
te of Peyrere and Agasz as well as the preap-
saran OF Bichner and Vog by the terms OF our
survey, are alike excluded from view.
The development Of mankind, the rise OF races, Ian
gins to share with religion IL has been the traditional
faith the time OF Augustine, that tho human pe-
from Paradise, became wnelmed q universal Hood,
were renewed the lons OF Noah, and after ward
language into nations and tribes, with everapsng
perverted civilization. And until very lately scen-
Shem Ham. and Japhet all living dialects to the prmi-
tive aRd az a Rse @ w ar no Ieatras
with total revolution OF these opinions. Ehnoogi5ts
such Agassz. Morton, and Owen have been grouping
mankind into indigenous through all the hues OF
climate from the Ethiopian sable to the rose of Crcas
grading them distinct classes. by all degrees of
the facial angle from the low forehead Of the ape TO
the vertcle brow of the Apollo; and following
them ms from Noses ep s
dynaslies Of the Pharaohs Philologsts such
have been unfolding human speech its formative
stages, the radical the agglutlnate, the amalgamate
and even expanding it's growth through long eras OF
fossil dialects, rudmenary letters and phonetic types
between the extremes of animal and human expression,
from Inc chatter OF Australian forest To the comedies
OF Shakespeare and M0iere. ArcheogstS such as Lub-
book, Stevens and WesthrOpp have been sketchiug
human culture through its prehistoric ages Of stOne
bronze and of iron from lnt-chip to the steamen-
eine from the rude to the marbles OF the Parhe
noD and exhibiting the savage peoples OF the earth in
advancing stages. the hunter, the herdsman, the
farmer during long epochs, ere civilization was KNOWN
And archa.o biologists, called, such as Schmerng,
Lartot, and Lye, have been restoring the flora ana
fauna OF the pre- historic periods beech and the horse
of the age the oak and the goat OF the bronze age
the and the reindeer or the stone age the Uedr and
the g cier OF the savage epoch until last they have
carried the torch into primeval cavern among NAM
moth bones and slman skus' as the rude birthplace of
Aud the concluding question to the destiny Of
kind the aim and prospect OF The whole human eyolu-
tion at length opens two opposite views; on the
side the prediction OF regeneratcd upon the
OF a renovated earth, with the wilderness budding
rose, the lion transformed into lamb and man again
an innocent child OF paradise and the other sde the
prognOsis Of gradual decline AS well as growth Of hui
inanity when the noblest races shall have lost their
ancestral vgor the richest tongues their classic grace
finest arts their pristine purity when even the
shall have been exhausted, and the lingering plants
animals, and efete tribes or men shall fade like
the leaves of Autumn, while the earth veers back into
her glacial epoch and the longer WHY the
nations that have Dasked in his rays.
PROBLEMS IN THE PsYCHICAL sCIENCES-THE ORIGIN,
DEVELOPMENT AND DESTINY OF THE SOUL.
Our survey has now brought the verge OF those
higher p5ychical sciences which, as they include the
nearest human interests brstling with portentous
questions not likely to be treated In that passoniess
mood which belongs scientific inquiries and yet sIl
the imperousy claiming our attention Psychology
the development and the destiny OF the individual Of
his cOgntons, his emotions. bis vOOns, and Is present
ing like divergent opiniDns-on the one side such
hvpobeses as those OF Herbert Spencer Maudsey and
MoeschOlt that mind Is product Of matter that the
willis force acting under laws and that death
is the dissolution OF tnat matter the OF that
force and the other side, such traditional dognas
those OF Lacuntius. Augustine. and Jerome tnat the
soul nas created in the body that the may be
regeneracd by irresistible grace and that the spirit
will be reclOhed hereafter with the whole present body
Sociology far behind with such problems as tue
origin the development, and the destiny o society OF
It's arts sciences, its politics. and Is branching with
similar divergence OF views on the SIDE the nv.
potheses Of such civilians Locke vicO, and Draper
That the state social contract that the history OF
nations proceeds under periodic and progressive laws
and that societies, like Individuals physologically