The New York herald., 1874-05-22
SOCIAL SCIENCE.
Third Days oceedtngs-Papers on
school Hygiene, Hospital Tents, Trans
PortntiOn OF Animals and Fimamee.


ton. The afternoon meeting was preceded by q
set OF informal conference OF the BOARD OF Health.
Mr.. Jackson ). Schultz presided. The first paper
| read was oy Dr. jenkins on "Tent Hospitals, =
the argument OF the paper as well as the argu-
ments OF DR.. Elisha Harris. or New York. and DR..
Howard, OF Boston. who discussed 1t, gong to
show that the treatment OF patients suffering
| from malignant fevers was always attended with
better results In tents than In closed buildings.
/ DR.. George 7. Angel rean paper on ''rhe Pro-
lection OF Animals,p which was discussed by
Mr.. Bergh and others- DR.. Alfred L. Carroll
read paper on sanitary Science in our
Schools and Colleges" which was discussed by Or.
! c. X. Agnew. DR.. y F. Lincoln also read a paper
on the subject of 'Schooi Hygiene" which took
the same views OF the subject as Dr. Agnew and
4 DR.. Carroll He dealt. however, with the subject
somewhat more in detail.
DR.. Lincoln contended that the air furnished for
the use OF the school room ought to be heated be-
fore 1t is brought into the room. in some way; II
should not be roasted, so TO speak, but should con-
tam surcient moisture. Whether II should, when
! polluted and deoxygenated, be removed by suction
4 like that exercised by chimney upon the air OF
4 CRATE or stove, or whether we should endeavor
simply to force warm air into a room and
| trust to its own elasticity to force its way
out by cracks in the windows or special open
/ ings In the walls, was not wholly settled ques-.
4 ton. He said good ventilation was necessarily
! expensive. First. because when impure air was
! expelled. we expelled with II great deal OF heat,
which was absolutely thrown away. Taere was
no help or it. IL had to 20 up the chimney or out
1 OF the window-the sooner the better. Again,
4 adequate ventilation in a crawded room implied
dangerous amount OF draught and air. scarcely
public schooroom existed that was not so crowded
that the attempt to bring In enough fresh air
4 would be improper. The remedy was only to be
ioana IL placing fewer scholars in the rooms. and
! built. The expense he insisted, was good in
vestment, u IL saved children from headaches, in-
a., Lace days 4
and the disposition to take cold, pale cheeks and
poor appetes. 1t was well known from foreign
sources that school work was bad for scholars
eyes. The best known series OF observations upon
this point came from DR.. Conn, OF the Prusslan
sightedness increases in rapid ratio
proportlonately With the advancement Of the
School had little no trouble. while OF the oldest
scholars III the high schools more tnan onehalf
were were various. Some. which could be be- remeded,
! were badly printed text books, the use OF so.
called German text. badly lighted rooms, light
their eyes, too somDre too Brilliant coIoring OF
the school walls. desks which are too high, and
bring the pupils books TOO close to the eye: desks
/ which are too low, and cumpei him to stoop over
IN reading or writing, more especially, whereby
pressure Of the collar on the neck, making
matters stin worse. Over-heated rooms, he said.
av eees u all adsa ers to
other reasons than these, Doubtless for the fact
on oMn e9g eara
that no such deterioration OF vision had as yet oc-
Cured among the children; yet he acknowledged
those famllles in this country in which the chill
dren ior generation or two had been thoroughly
trained in studies n hich were not accomplish
ments-German, Greek. mathematics School seats
were bad when the scholar could stand up between
scholar In slrting had TO lean forward very mucn
in order to reach his desk 1t is necessary TO bring
1t is good plan to make the lid in two pieces, SO
1 that the near piece swings up on hinges,
to to- writes write upon Seats with too little W support
or an uncom ortaole support give pain, increase
the natural restlessness Of the cniidren and tempt
lures, which give rise especially IN the case OF
giris) 10 spinal del0rmttes One OF the most i'm
! portant agents IN counteractaHg tins tendency
which is so serious that 1t sometimes he said, I'M
presses itself on the forms OF almost oil the girls
use Of light gymnastlcs. He advised not only
light gymnastics, but thar the chest should be de-
veoped bv the parallel bars, ana more especially
in the OF girls than Of boys, Tor girls, IN
cordance with the natural laws Of human society,
boys boys M have largs school yard sheltered @ M from
puhllC view, was doubly desirable, both as furnishing
abundant supply Of Sunlight IN mt the = school roc rooms
He protested against the lamentable persersion
Of al senoo e o Whereas 'ns
proper amount or real study was really
sure means y Tue neam amen ana nr I'm
was given the children, producing lasstude. The
over work given caused nervous diseases. FIRE.
quent change OF posture should be allowed the
scholar in School. They Should not be kept for
hours at time IN their seats. TOO long vacations,
he believed were injurious to the pupils eflcency.
He said that owing to the intense nervous strain
on their systems school teachers suffered much
he believed BY exhaustion and breaking down.
He ADVISED organized inspection OF schools within
given areas. Every important Item IN the health
OF the scholars and the arrangements OF the build
ings should be Included in such inspection, and
members o the had the
draft OF law establishing the office or inspector o
public schools.
The Evening Session.
At the evening session Professor W. G. sumner
made report on finance, MI. George Walker pre-
siding. The report was quite exhaustive and the
Sc o & as 10 s
we had been trying system winch had already
proved that it was bad one. He SAID that II the
financial question ever succeeded in making two
I great parties in the counrry-that OF men who
have and those who nave not--tne result wonid be
sense Of the people Of TINS country, and |!
! we were to lose faith in that there was, indeed
reason Tor fearful lorepodings lie said the Legal
Tender act was passed at moment OF bewi Ter.
ment, and our present caamities could be laid a;
tine door OF inconvertble currency our biun
ders were our mlsIor.unes, and our duty at pres
ent was 70 remedy these blunders. !.
Mr.. Charlton T. Lewis spoke in relation t9 ,s5
that the question OF irredeemaDie currency was
nor wei understood. 1t was matter OF sclcntinc
truth that the Legal Tender act fraud. Was
1T possible that the voters OF this country could
be made to understand the elements OF this
a republican form OF vernment, ana tree dis
cusson OF this question before the people, he
Deeved would not go unheeded II properly pre-
sented. How should all the evils OF an irreedem
able currency be brought plainly before the public
so that they could its real rottennesS, Its
absolute falseness, was matter that concerned
every man who had tue welfare OF the country al
heart--what means should be employed to open the
eyes OF the people TO the real bollowness of the
system, so-caed, upon which this fraud OF TIRE
deemable currency based ltseli? This was really
the duty OF men VINO believed IN social science.
Mr.. d. A. Wells followed, said that TO get al
the neart OF the subject 1t would be necessary tl
go oacK 10 the year 1857. From that year &c
1860 everybody was prosperous and saved
,,ftle restr,ctions eon trade flor lac, came ghf
high tar'n, then the Legal tender and all the Ills
tnat followed IN Its tram. Ia 1865 the exchanges
between Canada and the United states amounted
10 oco and alter the repeal OF the treaty ihey