The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1873-03-15

gained Congressman in the First District
and probably one in the Second.
Chart Pictures of the Census.
To the thoughtful mind the decennial
census of the United States is one of the
most interesting of documents. The first
volume of the ninth census, just issued by
the Superintendent, containing ''Statistics
of Population" is peculiarly so, from the
fact of its containing maps, representing,
in the most striking manner to the eye, the
density of population, nationality, wealth,
education, and other circumstances con-
nected with our resources.
We take first the chart picture of the
density of population The darkest por-
lions are those districts containing over 125
inhabitants to the square mile. The next
lighter shade represents those from rs to
125 to the square mile, and so on until we
reach perfect white, indicating proper
ton less than five. The chart shows dark
stream of population coursing down the
Atlantic coast, from the northern boundary
of Massachusetts, to the lower edge of New
Jersey. The darkest colors are seen to be
III Eastern Massachusetts,, in Western Con-
necticut, Southern New York, Middle New
Jersey, and Eastern Pennsylvania. This
darkest color is not found again elsewhere
in the Union. The secondary shade, repre-
senting a proportion of seventy five to one
hundred and twenty five, is found in patches
throughout the country, predominating in
the Eastern States, but seen also in West
ern Pennsylvania, in Western Ohio, in
Western Illinois, and onco in Wisconsin.
The light portions of the Union, showing
an average of population of from five to
fifteen to square mile, are entirely in the
Southern States. The only purely white
patch in the Northern States, indicating an
average under five, is the Adirondack region
i'll New York State. A streak of the same
colsr is seen again in Western Virginia
along the Blue Ridge, in Florida. in North
ern Michigan, Northern Wisconsin, and
Minnesota.
The remarkable feature shown by the
chart is that the fertiliZing streams Of popu-
lation have avoided the most attractive
portions of the country, extending from
Virginia and North Carolina westward to
the Mississippi River, and have flowed over
the most bleak and unfertile district, the
coasts of New England, New York, and
New Jersey. The apparently best part of
the country looks, under this aspect, a
solitary land, and the worst part swarm
ing hive of population. The chart indicat-
ing wealth is equally striking. A deep
yellow represents an average of SO, 900 per
capita through the population the next
shade $3.50 to $4,000; the lowest shade
$500 to $3.50, and pure white under $780,
Here again we see the golden current fol-
lowing the lines of population, beginning
on the coasts of Massachusetts, branching
off into Rhode Island and Connecticut, at
tanning its richest depths at the mouth of
the Hudson, and overlooking into New
Jersey and Pennsylvania hence, westward
we find broad band of yellow, with many
spots of the third grade, indicating pro-
perty from 81, $50 to SO, 900; and more still
of the second grade, showing property from
$3.50 to $3.50. The South again is almost
q pure white, with a few faint yellow spots
along the Mississippi River, and on the
Gulf of Mexico only three or four small
patches show even the second grade of
wealth-one in Georgia, one at the mouth
of the Mississippi, one in Texas, and one in
Northern Mississippi.
California has TWO spots showing the
third grade. The fourth grade alone is
reached throughout the Union in New
York City. The only pure white spot i'll
the Northern States IS. again, i'll the Adj
rondack region. Again, we are struck
with the remarkable fact in this chart that
the portions of the Union most favored in
climate and soil are the poorest in average
wealth.
Turning now to the chart of ''Illiteracy,"
the colors are reversed. The dark is all at
the South-the white at the North and
West. a dark band, showing sixty per
cent. and over of the population who can
not write, fills up large part of Virginia
and North Carolina comes out again in
South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama ::
flows down in a black stream the Mssis-
sippi, from the upper boundary of Arkansas
to the Gulf, and appears again in Texas
This darkest shade of color is seen in none
of the Northern or Western States. The
pure white color, indicating proportion
under five per cent. who can WRITE marks
the whole of Maine, New Hampshire. and
Vermont, barely touching Massachusetts,,
leaving the other New England States, as
well as Southern New York, New Jersey,
and Pennsylvania, flowing through West
ern New York, Northern Ohio and South
ern Michigan, until its purifying streams
circulate in innumerable courses over the
far West. Almost everywhere, however,
through the Northern and Western States
only the first grade of color is found, indi-
eating proportion of five to eleven per
cent. who cannot write.
IT we turn now to the charts of race, we
lind the purple color, indicating foreign
birth, shading almost all the Union north
of the Ohio River, while the pure white of
the South shows it's native American blood.
The deepest shades of foreign blood, indi-
eating over twenty foreign persons to the
square mile, are in the extreme East on the
one side, and on the western shore of Lake
Michigan on the other. The States north
OF the Ohio River, with the purest Ameri
can blood, are apparently Indiana and Hi
nois. Next to them come Ohio, Pennsyl-
vania, Central New York and Northern
New England. The only deep purple spot
at the South is at the mouth of the Missis-
slppl Ii we now examine the charts iudi-
eating the separate races of the foreign
population, we find the deepest green,
showing proportion of Irish of over fifteen
to the square mile, in the extreme East, in
Massachusetts,, Connecticut, and New York.
The deepest brown spots, however, showing
similar proportion of Germans are be-
held more in the far West, on the borders
VI i-"nN -AiSiASuh} ou ZIG PIPER NllSSOufl,
on the Ohio, and again in New York State,
on the borders of Lake Erie. A deep
brown shade also covers the region near
New York City. The South, with the ex-
ception of a faint brown band in Texas,
shows few spots Of either green OF brown.
Still other maps represent, in pink spots,
the Swedish and Norwegian population
these are found almost alone in Minnesota,
Wisconsin, and Illinois. The streams which
have flowed over from Canada are pictured
in still another chart, and are found espe
cially to have covered Central New Eng
land, Northern New York, and Southern
Michigan. These interesting charts will
we'll repay careful inspection. They pic
ture to the eye the streams of population,
race, wealth, and education which have
made this country what it is They reveal
history and the moral of history. They
show that, but for one vast system of in
justice, the fertilizing streams OF wealth
and population would have flowed ever
every portion of this Union. They are
living picture of the retribution which Pro-
violence brings after every system of oppres-
sion and injustice. They point, too, to
Development in the fas future somewhat
different from that which oar economists
and statisticans have hitherto predicted
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