, 1873-02-10
Something Concerning Lunali-
los Kingdom.
Historical Rosumo-~-TheH eHCountry and
lis Natives.
What Civilization Has Done for
Them.
Commercial and Business Aspects
or the Hawaiian Question.
Special Correspondence Of Ths Chtcaeo Tribune.

Special Correspondence Of Ths cAtcaoo Tribune.
BAN fnAao1soo, Fob. 8, 1873.
The Sandwich or Hawaiian Ia]ands lie just
within the Tropics, In Latitude 18 to 20 dogrocs
north, md Longitude 155 to 1G0 west, nearly In
straight line beswoen San Francisco and Aus
trala, and In tho track Of smiling voaaola from
that port to Hong Koug. They arc olovon In
number, of which only seven aro inhabited. Tho
total aroa Ia about 8,0o0 sauaro milos; 100000
acres aro susceptible Of fcnltvation; 1000 square
miles are covered with forest, and tho rost Is
pasture-land and rocks.
Tho earliest mention mado Of them Ia in map
publlghod by aaotnno, q Spanish eailor, In 1542.
They woro probably we'll known to tho carly
Spanish and Portuguese navigators Of tho Pa
ciac but their oxistonco was forgotten until
tlloy wcrc again discovered by Captain Cook
In ITS.
They aro Of Volcanic origin, tho process Of
building thom up from tho depths Of the nca
having undoubtedly continued, with various In
termiasions, for many centurioa. Kanat, tho
most western ialaud Of thegroup, bearing marls
OF great age, while On Hawaii, ut tho other end
Of Tho line, arc two largo volcanoes still in ac-
tion, ard the crators Of innumorablo othors tint
havo only rocont1y become extinct.
TIE NATIVE TRADITION
of tho creation is as follows: pelo, tho Goddess
Ut Fire, being hard pressed by Puma, the Hawai-
inn Neptune, built Kanai Us place Of rofugo.
Doing driven thence, sho retreated eastward,
and created Oahu; but tho god was too power
ful for hor, md drove l1er from one refugo to
anothor, until ut last, sho mado the great Island
Of Hawaii, and then ontranohod horEoH 80 firmly
that Bho was ab1o to hold hor own. puaa, find
Ing her unconquorab1e, compromised by mnrry-
ing her, and over snco tho two have lived hap
ply together In tho crater OF Ki]auoa, their
peace being disturbed only by thoao occasional
marital aunrrels to which gods rs we'll as hu1nan
boingG are subject. Whom they do Disagree,
however, groat is tho tumult; for sho spts fire'
while he throws water, till the airis fullof smoke
and steam, and the oycrturning OF tho furniture
Ia signalizod by earthquakes TINT make tho
mountains trcble, while, at tho spilling Of their
calabasies Of poi, streams Of molten 1ava burst
forth md roll down tho mountain-Hide, swooping
everything before thom.
Lying withii, tho Torsid Zone, tho heat Of tho
sun tempered by tho oyol1blowing traae-wind
that has como ovor q thousand leagues Of water
einco 1t left tho last land, the ialande1s enjoy
A CLIMATE UNSURPASSED
by TINT Of any spot on Garth. On their Toward
uidcs, tue mountains are parcled aud barron,
a.sd tho heat is at times oyorpowering; but,
rheroycr tho brccze reachos, tho temperature ia
mover oppressive. A carefulIy-kopt record Of
YEARS. residence at Waluku, Mt IN elevation Of
about 2O0 feot above the aea, showed tue h1gh-
cat point reached by the thermometer TO bc SO
degrees, and tho loweBt 68 degrees, while oyery
lay In tho year tho mcrcnry anrroacl.oa within
one or two degrees Of both extremes.
III such climate, tud With abundant supplies
CT wator the growth Of vegetation is surprising
to one who has spont his lifo in our less exubor-
ant climate. In tho deep, narrow valleys, pro-
tectod from tic wind, nil
THE TROPICAL FRUITS
flourish. : Oranges, pno-npplcu, coooa-nuts,
bananaa broad-fruit, yama. guayaa, aud score
of strange fruits with native names, grow spon-
sauoous!y, or with tho rudest cultivation. on tho
lowlaads. Coiroe md sug.<-cane can bo auo-
:cssfully cultivated oven us high. as 1900 foot
aEoro tho sea. Tho mountain-r1dges, to the
height Of 1000 feet, arc covered with forest.
Above that line, bushes and grass extend still
higher; but, above 10000 feet, oil vegetation
censee, and. In the cleftB Of Mnuna Kea,-wllich
rcars it's Scared md barron dome 19, ,9s3. feet
uboyo tho sea that tlaslles agaiNat itB base,-thu
snow lies nearly all tho year round. 49, -..-
Though Honplulu has long boen famed
among lilo inhabitants Of tho Pacific CoastRa q
conplaints,-lts soft, moist mir hcing most
delightful change from the throat-raspng winds
tl1at11owl within tile Golden Gate,-bnt few Of
tic many visitors Of Honolulu hnyo any hnowl-
Ddgo Of the ..
MAoNir1crHr soEEERy
that is to DO found on tho other islands, and
especially on Hawaii. -
1t Wafpio il q waterfall nearly as high as tho
Yosemite, while tho walls Of tho noxt valley nre
1000 fcet high, and 90 perpendicular that the
only approach to tho village that .noatles in ita
aoptha ia by aca in boats, thero being not
oven foothold along tue beach. At o H!tlo dis
tance from Ho in {. waterfall 12O foot high,
over tho mouth Of t. cagern LOO foet deep. From
Kakaina to onomea, tho road Tor miles is on tho
very odgo of tile cliff n thousand feet above the
sse.. and; ut ono p1aco, ono can climb oui
upon IN overhanging ledge, and follow with hit
DO tho st:erm TINT rreaea past bis fset and
one Who loyea mountaiua, no sight can be moro
satisfying than the perfect dome Of Mauna Loa
drawn aB II Wilh compass nga!nst the Blty, OF
tue sharper ridge of Alauna koa, purple In the
az <oruoorl-sun or to cit on, the summit oi
lIalcakala aud Boe the A1lt sink behind the horl-
.ou, ,7l,ile yet apparently moro than IN hou1
high, and watch tho shadows creep ncrosa the
bottom Of tho cratos, and a. cover the rounded
But tho grandcBt sight OF all iu the islands
and i'll its way in Nil the world is
THE cnATEN OF K1LAuEA,
groat pit, three 1niloH acroaa ind a THOUSAND
tees ioop it's bottom co7erod with crust o
1T black lava, like a lako Of black ico
."ith breatlpg-tIoles 600 foot in diameter, nllof
u tho brim with b1ood-rol molten mattor, boil
{ug, ani Turning, md throwing up red-hot stone
sra fountainH Of liquid lava without cessation
Until within q iow years, tho difficulty Of roach
ing these interesting scenes has been 10 great
and the accommodations for travellers 90 poor
Tint on|y Tho most courageous, and capable q
enduring privation md hnra worls, have vou
tu1ctl to visit them hut, with tho oponing c
The Pacific Railroad Rnl tho steamer line to A1n
t1alia tho tide of travel has sot In, and betor
long Haweii will be US famous aa Yosemite. ~,
THE PRODUCTIONS
OF tho islands arc strictly agricultural. Thor
arc uoithcr lnncs nor manufactures, md tho SO!
men, ofiors nothing worth exporting. Evon til
coral that surrounds each island With rec
at times milo in Width, ia Of little vail
except for building.matera and tn
fnr fsa or sn hard nff1 1InnttY "a To ha nrapklcA