New-York tribune., 1873-01-28

the itte ronnd slSt @ sro The other method, whc Will
be used by all the nations o % IL by photography
The FneIish will common SeesSoi1 ,S IMAGE of the
clock work with an n diameter With this they will
Srom woment 20 moment take photographs pnd thew will
disk wne measure those photographs Inc oSeceon m
10 this method ia that the eye-pot produces
oIherwise too small image almost nnd mage will not
certain amount OF distortion Inc fo m very dnicult to
round on the glass or ey propose
with the apparatus seae VI ny roo1n with lahs
P up poado nn at eaSsl distances be ed
and t9nS 'ney % Pe different parts the field Of VIEW
The Germans will telescope OF th n focvs Of their
secoIo they will place piece of glass ruleu MIN @
lines into squares These VIII pe @ @ d these ruled
lines 6elng Photographed together II there rs any
ton will affect these hte n ,beir measure to the
nearest lines OF this network To get an aceuaIe w.
best method of all think will be that 70 DC pursued o
the French and the Americans ana also py or on an
feet iong-t not be large in tne
image VIII be large enough not to require
mounted the ordinary way ana the nelhOu proPosuu
is Isl 70 sre 70 protect it from currents air
though that is not essentaland to throw Tue lage Vi
the sun into the ohectgass by means of nat mirror
In this case Nat means great dial Ii is very diff
cult To make mirror fal; and that is tne dmeuIy ~
tins method mirror must be so fiat that at no pont
shall curvature equal radius of is miles Ior any
point would make the results comparatively 'aiue'
less, adding very little TO our present accuracy
NATIONAL EXPEDITIONS.
The different Governments of the world are taking
bold Of the matter with great earnestness Russia VIII
establish 25 stations In her Siberian DOMINION some OF
them armed with helometers, few with Photographic
instruments, and some proposing to observe the mo-
ments of contact France, in her crippled condl,
tion is unwilling to fall behind other nations ana VIII
send expeditions Palestine the RedSea, Pekng ana
Japap the island Of St. Paul NewCaledona, and posi-
SY 10 the Sandwich Islands. The Germans will send to
the Falkland Islands, McDonnels Island, ana Eefgue-
lens Island the Southern Hemisphere me Engllsn
viii send TO Oahu, TO Rodercks Island TO the Falkland
Islands and TO Alexandria, In Northern Egypt L0bo b
Lindsay one of the sciOns of the English nobility, VINO
takes great interest in science is 70 sena Pxae PLY I've
expedition his Mauritius, which think VIII De
more perfectly equipped than those Oh any nhoi
He proposes TO employ all the Ihree letnous
ometer and observation of contacts The United States
proposes 10 establish eight expeditions The points are
JsnSn and China and the other four NewZealand the
Falkland Islands, Van Dieman's Land, and possibly ker-
f6at we NAV pride ourselves upon the fact that our
Government is taking position among oe M ms is
kind. think show you money III H. II you want anu
TO see it, although should take hlgner ground Ior
some things are worth more than in0ney. Ine way
should show yOu the money would DC inns lht nS piu pr
ducng power OF this nation WOuu ue HiIPI' i,,iP onr
fold by the educating influence OF the eXhDton our
high schools and schools pay for themselves IN
mat way and this is only a higher school TO the oh.
servers ip II and all the intelligent people OF
the country Will read about these eAPeu9hs anu ~
viii turn their minds subjects OF scientific interest
| think the indirect influence TINS way VIII pay
the Of the expeditions IN few years nor that ~
viii pay directly do not know that anybody VIII
make a cent of money directly by bndlnS out the us
tance Of the .
What is that distancei AT present we consider II
OOO 600 miles, with margin or error, we must ADMIT
OF 100000 miles half Of one per cent We hope oy ne
approaching transits To reduce TINS margin OF error 10
10000 or miles and do not think that Is an ex
rayagant one OF sance n wSnd take
railroad train 263 years TO move rom the sun 70 hs
earth; so that If the Pilgrim Fathers had started
from the sun at the time they started from
England. by train whose only stopping places
rived vet II would Ske cannOnba, going at ful
speed about nine years 80 make the journey Light
the celestial spaces would be IA years on the way one
more curious Illustration. You know that II you touch
mari of the body does feel instantly. IL you
touch the hand Of any one with PIN 1t vii be an ap
draw his hand back Now if had arm long enough
10 reach the and should put my fingers INTO the
solar flame and them there, 1t would be 100 years
before should nd IL and another 100 years before
could remove my hand Grea aPpsS5s rScs snea ms rs
distance of the and yet across tDat space Tue
earth responds 10 every impulse OF the solar surface
DIMENSIONS AND DENSITY OF THE SUN.
Once having obtained the distance of the sun, II Is
very easy find out its diameter which Is about s6Oco
miles II the earth represented by ball 22 inches
In diameter the would require ball of IS feet in
diameter which would Just about lie between this stage
and the ceiling. II the earth were placed at the center
the the moon would be so FAR INSIDE the suns
surface that there would be almost for another
moon beyond the distance OF the moon from the earth
being $40 600 miles and Of the surface OF the sun from
its center 10000 miles In DnlE, the sun Is mtnon
and quarter times larger than the earth tnat is ~
nSSe up the bulk Of the sun It would noake that
numberto make up the weight OF the sun ior Iae sun rs
about S2jOOO tunes much as the earth. with that
enormous mass the force of gravity must ne y tines as
Great as on the surface earth; that II l. who
am very big, were there should Weigh ABOUT Two
tuns and think the most graceful OF our children
light density with its bulk are led to the important
conclusion that the sun cannot very wei De eltaer sold
any solid liquid matter about IT, IN the ordnaty ac
ceptaton the There may be solid or liquid par
ces OF matter but that there is any continuous lump
OF solid liquid, is think more than doubtful Inc
probability il that the center of the is nothing more
than OF gas intensely heated and by lts intense
heat resisting the compression OF the force or gravity so
tat the gas becomes OF density greater than that or
Eater AR has been condensed by artificial means
the surface of the earth 20 as 10 DE as dene as wa
the suns probable consttutODj Dht thht II ProD
ability and not certainty
TEMPERATURE OF THB SUM-
The sun is very hot The most direct evidence we
have is think the action OF burning glass, which
virtually removes the object in it's focus nearer To the
source Of heat. An absolutely perfect burnngglass
would put an object in it's focus in contact with the
source of heat II we put paper gunpowder IN the
focus of ournine-gass 1t Is infamed Ihe ehect Is
virtually the object toward the sun until the sun
! viewed from IL would appear large the burning
glass This quite realized because the glass aD-
oTbs mart of the neat; but we have in this way with
the hest of burning glasses demonstration OF the heat
of the at distance or 25O,OO Hrles from
its surface hr the moon is from the earth and
we know at even at distance platinum melts down
like wax and the heat exceeds that which we can pro
duce any other except by the voaic arc. Ihere
is no question therefore, that If the earth were to be
brought the the earth to the moon the
earth would be vOatized and all It's substances turned
10 vapOr The has OF course, very high tempera-
tnre but how high do not know, and do not believe
anybody knows We have had very different estimates
The French physicists have estimated 1t not very far
the heat OF the electric are, as comparable wh H.
being perhaps and half twice great At the
other end Of the scale, Secch estimates II at 2OO
Fahrenheit and Ericsson OF this city at 6oocoO' or
7OOOOOOo The difficulty with all this is that IL Is an
attempt to carry laws which are only approximate,
ascerained from experiment, and which we ind to be
nearly although not accurately, true IN our experi-
ments carry those laws INTO regions beyond the point
at which they are practically applicable. Al any rae,
decide between them