davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
OyerWOrk and Want of Sleep.

OyERwORK causes a great deal of i'll
health in farming communities. Very
many farmers, in their efforts to avoid
idleness, which they consider sin and Il
shame, go to the other extreme and lose
both health and happiness thereby. While
industry tends to health, Ocerac0rk breaks
down the constitution and shortens life.
1t Injuries both the body and mind, and if
long continued results either in death or
premature old age. For this sin-and sin
ii is to overwork-there is not nearly the
excuse on the part of farmers which there
was twenty years ago. Now one has ma
chimes to take, in great degree, the place
of hand labor, and the farmer who will
use them need not break down his health
by working too hard. But it is not the
farmer who is most liable to overworA.
The farmers wife is generally the great
est sufferer. Every day in the year, Sun
days not excepted, she has much to do.
Often there is as much required of her as
two women ought to perform. As the re
suit of her overwork, health is lost and
she either dies long before her time or
lives only to suffer the penalties of the
law she has transgresscd For this course
there is no justification. No woman ought
to work herself to death, and no man is
justified in requiring or allowing his wife
to do so. He ought to furnish her with
household machines, and if her health is
poor either help her himself or hire Il girl
to help her. This killing himself and his
wife, which so many farmers do, for the
sake of laying up few dollars which
they never expect to use, and which they
cannot carry win them when they die, is
"A miserable speculation as far as profit and
loss arc concerned, and Il sinful, shameful
thing for any man to do.
Want of sleep is one of the chief causes
of much of the physical and mental trou-
bic of farmers and their families During
the busy season, when the farmer rises at
four in the morning and works until six
or seven in the evening, then eats his sup
per, does his chores, and sits up an hour
or two later to read his paper or chat with
enough to keep either body or mind in
perfect health and vigor. The evil con
sequences of his course may not be APP
parent for many years, but sooner or later
they will come. The waste of the brain
is not fally made up. Little by little it
decays and insanity or incurable disease
is the final result of using the hours
which should be devoted TO sleep for
other purposes Farmers wives, who are
often kept awake at night by the exhaus-
ton caused by ovcrwork or by the CRYING
and fretting of children, are the greatest
sufferers. and year by year a vast number
of this class go to the insane asylum or
the grave. 1t is slow but certain suicide
TO curtail the hours of sleep, and no man,
woman or child need expect to long con
tinue In good health without taking the
fullest amount of quiet Working
IRfT0cr
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
Advice to Young Doctors.

GLOW to practice medicine was the
subject of the valedictory address of Prof.
l.. p. Yandell, Jr., to the graduates of the
University of Louisville last March. In
developing the precept that lit is the
duty of the physician to relieve his pa
tients otto. tuto, ct jucunde," the following
sensible advice is given under the 'ju-
cunde' division of the text:
In all things study the quiet, the ease,
the enjoyment of your patients. Give
them abundant fresh air and ice and
cold water and fruit, when they desire
such things. As to food, obey their appe-
tites. Hunger and thirst have been well
styled our ''physcal conscience" which in
the sick-room is never to be disregarded
They are safer guides in respect to diet
and drink than can be found in all our
medical philosophy, They make known
to us what the living organism needs.
Whatever sick people have a true desire
for they ought, therefore, to be INDUCED
in. When your little patients have been
sick a long time, and have become
anamic and emaciated, it may be for
want of proper food, have them carried
TO the table, and allow them to indicate
by signs, if they have no words, what
their systems require to build them up
again. Infants suffer great distress
when ill, on account of thirst, which they
have no way of making known to us ex-
cept by means and cries. You will often
be delighted to see how instantly their
plants cease on your giving the little
sufferers a drink of cold water. Dismiss
from your minds, then, and everywhere
discOuntenance the absurd notion that
cold drinks can ever be injurious to the
sick. Avoid noise in the sick room
Whispering, too, should be discounte-
nanced. The attention of patients is
attracted by it, and they are annoyed and
fatigued by the effort to hear. Some of
my colleagues whisper that this is cspec-
tally the case with lady patients.
As general rule, you may safely trust
the feelings of Of convalescents in regard
to setting up and taking exercise, as well
as in reference to diet. In a word you
can scarcely consult the inclinations of
the sick too far, except as to physic, of
which of course they know nothing.
But l must put you on your guard
against yielding to the advice of their
nurses and friends. Consult with no one
but a DOCTOR and never take suggestion
from non professional person. You will
encounter numberless sage individuals
everywhere ready to aid you by their
counsel, based upon long experience or
something they have heard. If you adopt
their suggestions, the patient and attend
ants will soon and naturally con-
clude that they know as much
| about physic as you do. 1t will be well
| therefore, respectfully but firmly to put
| aside all such intcrference-B0st0n Jour
nal Of Chemistry
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12

hold. Next rub into the same flannel
enough of the dry plaster TO fairly thickcn
and tougher II.
Treat another piece of flannel exactly
the same way and lay the two fairly to
gether, one on top of the other, and
promptly bandagc them around the leg,
which is now to be held in its right posi-
ton until the plaster hardens. Mean
while spread over the last bandagc a thick
coating of the wet plaster with your hands !;
and then prepare two more pieces of
canon flannel rs before; apply these over
the first two and surround them with
bandage which Is also smeared with wet
plaster.
And, finally, the last two pieces of flan-
mel are treated as the others have been,
and in turn are to be well bandaged and
the remaining plaster of Paris rubbed in
to the last bandage. This, when ii has
set, which will be in few minutes, will
give not only Il hard but a tough splint
that fits the leg so closely and keeps the
ends of the bone in such exact position as
to render displacement impossible, pro
viding the leg has been properly held
while the plaster was hardening. Every
| thing must be in readiness before the
plaster is mixed with water, and it must
require less than half an hour to saturate
| and apply all the flannel and the bandages,
| or 1ne plaster VIII nave become Qultt 700
hard to work BY the time the last band
| age is to be applied it will be seen that
the plaster has become thick and pasty
and is then in good condition for coating
| over all with the hand
| This would be my plan las it has been
and successful, tool for the fracture | have
described.
The principle involved in any other
| case and with other animals would be
| similar; with such notifications as com
mon sense suggests.
| | contend that an effort should be made
in almost every instance to save the un
fortunate animal. l have cured number
by the method detailed above.
| The average time would be from six tC
| twelve weeks before the belly-band can be
removed and the limb tried. 1t may bt
necessary to renew the splint once, and il
should not be finally taken off until some
time after the leg is walked upon, as i
affords additional strength to the point o
fracture. What | have written may not bt
new to some readers. l am certain it viii
be to others, and for them l have written
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
Smoking and Thinking.

THAT which Injuries or enfeebles the
blood, must, as matter of course, affect
the health and activity of the brain If,
then, we ascertain the physiological effect
of tobacco upon the fe-tiuid, we shall be
in a fair way for deciding the question,
especially if we find individual cases con-
frming the views thus arrived at There
is nothing stronger in medical evidence
than the agreement of physiology and pa
thology. DIR. Richardson has SO clearly
explained the influence of smoking upon
the blood, that it will be best to quote his
graphic account. His scientific eminence
entities his evidence to respect, and lovers
of the weed must recollect that it is a
smoker to whom they are listening: son
the blood the prolonged inhalation of to-
bacco produces changes which are very
marked in character. The fluid is thinner
than is natural, and in-extreme cases paler.
In such instances the deficient color of
the blood is communicated TO the body
altogether, rendering the external surface
yellowish, white and puffy The blood
being thin, also exudes freely, and a cut
surface bleeds for a long time, and many
continue to bleed inconvenientlv, even in
opposition to remedies. But the most inn
portant change is exerted on those little
bodies which float in myriads in the
blood, and are known as the red globules.
These globules have naturally double
concave surface, and at their edges per
fectly smooth outline. They are very sol
uble in alkalies, and are subject to change
of shape and character, when the quality
of the fluid in which they float is modified
in respect to density. The absorption,
therefore, of the fumes of tobacco neces-
sarily leads to rapid changes in them they
lose their round shape, they become oval
and irregular at their edges, and instead
of having mutual attraction for each
other and running together, good sign
of their physical health, they lie, loosely
scattered before the eye, and indicate to
the learned observer, as clearly as though
they spoke to him, and said the words,
that the man from whom they were
taken is physically depressed and deplor-
ably deficient both in muscular and men
tai power" Tobacco modifes the circu-
lation in the brain, as in other portions of
the body Hence, it would be remarkable
indeed If il did not exercise some infiu
ence upon the mechanism of thought
"A sincere, selfobserving smoker cannot
fail" says NJ Meunier, ''to recognize that
tobacco creates a new nature, more dis
posed to dreaming than action" AL
though great smoker himself, he CON
sidered the habit was inimical to the ma
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
How to Set a Horses Broken Leg.

MANY horse with a broken leg is
killed to put it out of its misery, that
might, with proper treatment, have been
cured, and if not made as valuable as be-
fore at least saved to many years of useful
labor. Skilled veterinary surgeons are
yet rare, and in the country very seldom
to be found. 1t is much to be regretted
that physicians and surgeons generally
think it beneath them to treat domestic
animals. This is not the case, however,
with surgical friend of ours who has had
much success in treating fractured legs of
horses, and has had the satisfaction of see
ing several animals that would otherwise
have been killed made useful to their de-
lighted owners. AT our request he has
written out his method of treatment
american Agrieulturist
Thanks to the application of common
sense to surgery, we have now at our com
mand successful method of treating
fractured limbs among our farm stock.
For durable cases this new method viii
give good percentage of fair results
Here it is. Suppose we have horse
with his hind leg broken six inches above
the fetlock The first thing to do is to
make for him a firm, nurroao stall, not
much wider than is absolutely necessary
to enable the animal to stand, or pair Of
stocks, such as are used for shooting re
fractory colts or mules. Arran re Il wind
lass by which, when band of the strong
est sailcloth or some similar material is
placed under the animals belly, his hind
quarters can be lifted clear of the ground
This belly-band should be one and IA half
to two feet wide, and long enough to allow
its ends to be level with the horses back.
Thus ii makes snug cradle in which the
patient can rest Put now a collar on his
neck, and to it attach IA strap which shall
extend from it between the front legs to
the belly band, and thus prevent that from
sliding backwards or wrink Iin@ into Il
band narrow enough to pain the horse
when his weight comes to be borne by it.
Now having attended to the preiimina-
ries we are ready to set the limb. See,
first of ALL that the leg is well clear of the
ground, making sufficient allowance so
that when the belly band stretches it will
not allow the feet to reach the ground.
Bandagc the leg smoothly but not too
firmly from the foot up to above the knee
with "A flannel bandage two or three inches
wide
Now take cdttt0H funnel with good
nap. and wide enough To cover the entire
bandage, cut il into such shape as will
accurately fit around the leg-then make
five more just like it. Take six pounds of
the best, freshest plaster of Paris, not land
plaster, but such as is used for hard finish
and stir enough OF 1t slowly into two
quarts of cold water to make a mixture as
thick as cream. Saturate one of your last
made canton-tiannel envelopes for the leg
in the mixture, then lay il on board with
nap side up, and pour on to and rub into
it as much of the liquid plaster as it will
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12

tional mind His frequent diatribes
against this mort dyr peupieS excited
much raillery; but the habit of twenty
years was long too strong tor him. so
close was the connection between work
and smoke with NJ NIeunicr that the
amount of intellectual labor he had per
formed was chronicled by the extent oil
his consumption of tobacco. When, at
last, after many fruitless attempts, he put
his conduct in harmony with his Opinions
it required several weeks of undivided at
tention to break the chains of habit which
bound him The mode by which nicotine
acts upon the blood-vesselS explains the
apparent contradiction that it should he
able to excite into momentary activity an
organ which it has enfecbled and stupe
fed. The excitement and over activity
which it causes in the contractilc appa-
ratus of the walls of the blood-vessels, are
quickly followed by general fatigue,
which is only modified paralysis. Think
ing, as we have seen, is closely related
with the cerebral circulation When, by
continual usage, the muscular tissue of
the blood-vessels has become gradually be
numb bed, the blood, in place of its natural
ly rapid flow, circulates slowly and slug
gishly, and the functional energy of the
brain is diminished. But with Il
new exhibition of the slim
ulant, the muscular contractility is
again stimulated. the circulation becomes
quicker, the brain, abundantly and regu-
larly bathed by the lite-flood, takes up
again its functions, the brain-power in
creases. ideas flow with greater rapidity :;
but the activity thus produced cannot last
With this stimulation disappear the bril-
liant results which it had produced and
tho organ falls into Il relaxed condition,
from which only increased doses can tenn
porarily rescue it. One of the results
upon the brain is the loss of memory.
Many authors have noticed this fact. The
case of FAbbe Moigno, the celebrated ed
itor of Les Mondes, is curious. He had
often been in the habit of taking snuff,
which had always led to prejudicial re-
suits. After various temporary reuuncia-
tionS, he had returned to its use. In 1861,
whilst engaged in some mathematical
labors, he took twenty to twenty-five
grammes daily, and found himself con
tinually having resource to the snuff
box. The effect was il rapid eXtinc-
ton of the faculty of memory. He
had learned several languages by their
root words, of which he knew from
200 to 1900 of each tongue, but he found
that his power of recalling the words was
gradually diminishing, and recourse to
the dictionary became each day more
necessary. Struck with this fact, he re-
solved to abandon the td6dtiere and cig-r.
Writing, after six years experience as a
non-smoker, he says: 1T has been for us
the commencement of a veritable resur-
rection of health, mind, and memory; our
ideas have become more lucid, our imagi
nation more vivid, our work easier, our
pen quicker, and we have seen gradually
| return that army of words which had run
| away. Our memory, in word, has re-
| covered all its riches, all its sensibility.'-
Lancet.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
OiIing and Painting Carriage Wheels.

WHITE oak and white ash timber are
employed extensively for making tellies
OF carriage wheels, whether they are bent
or cut out. Every time these kinds of
timber are saturated with water, and after
wards dried, the woodwork shrinks
Hence, as the tellies of wheels are fire.
ouentlv exposed to mud and water the
timber soon shrinks, so that the tires need
TO be reset. But if the felles can be satu-
rated with linseed oil so that water cannot
find an entrance into the pores of the tim
Der, the tires will continue tight for more
than a score of years. We have in mind a
wagon that was in constant use on Il large
farm for over twenty-siX years. and the
tires were SO tight during all that period
that they did not need resetting. Before
the tires were set, the fellies were oiled in
the following manner:
A trough was made in a stick of hard
maple TIMBER just wide enough and suf-
ficiently deep to receive one felly, or about
half of two. The bottom of the trOu oh,
from end to end, was circular, or of about
the same curvature as the periphery of the
larger wheels. One wheel was then plac-
ed in the trough, after which linseed oil
was poured in until the trough was filled.
Two fellies We're allowed to stand in the
oil for several hours, when the wheel was
rolled around until two fellies more were
submerged in the oil. The pores in every
felly were literally stuffed with oil, which
soon dried and rendered the timber com
pletely inpermeable to water. As soon as
the oil had become dry the tires were put
on and the fellies received two heavy coats
of red led paint. AS no water could en-
ter the wood the timber did not get wet,
and SO long as water could not affect the
gram of the wood it would not shrink.
By filling the pores of the timber with oil.
the ends of the spokes also were preserved
from decay, and the trouble and expense
of resetting the tires were avoided.
We have frequently stuffed old wheels
with oil in the foregoing manner, after the
tires had become loose, and the timber
has absorbed so large Il quantity Of oil
that the tellies expanded and rendered the
tires desirably tight without being reset.
A few quarts of oil employed in this man
ner will frequently save many dollars in
the durability of the wheels.-Amertca1a
Builder.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
Make Manure.

There is probably no country on the
face of the earth where so great Il proper
ton of the elements of fertility in the ma
nure are destroyed by careless handling as
in the West. The inherent richness of the
virgin soil, the ease with which it may be
cultivated, the scarcity and high price of
farm labor, the large areas cultivated by
individual farmers, and the comparatively
low price of the principal crops on the
farm, have all tended to this. Neverthe-
less, says the Western Rural, we have CON
stantly reiterated that it will pay to save
manure in the West, and the time is not
far distant when manure will become an
absolute necessity. The following by Il
correspondent of the 41merirun Fal7ner of
Baltimore, Md, although written from an
Eastern stand point, where manure is alb
solutcly the life of the soil will neverthe-
less commend itself to every thinking
farmer of the West:
If the farmer wishes to make good
crop of hay he must manure his land
thoroughly Two or three tons of timothy
hay per acre is IA good crop. If the farmer
wishes to make good crop of corn, he
must manure his land well. Good land,
well cultivated, in good seasons, ought to
make from forty to one hundred and thirty
bushels of corn to the acre If the farmer
wishes to make twenty, thirty, forty bush
els of wheat to the acre, he must have his
land in good condition. Large crops of
wheat are not grown on poor, badly-culti-
waited land If the farmer wishes to make
large crops of potatoes, sweet or Irish, OF
fine cabbage or turnips, he must make his
land rich. Poor land won't yield large
crops of potatoes or cabbage.
The first, most pressing, most indiSpen-
sable want of the farmer is manure If the
farmer can make or buy plenty of good
manure he can have fine crops of hay
corn, wheat potatoes, etc. Farming
without manure is discouraging, profit
less avoCation.
To make manure, then, is the leading
idea of IA farmers life. All farm stock,
horses, beef cattle, hogs, sheep, should be
stabbed or incIosed Certainly at night in
wards well Uttered with straw or weeds
Every animal, all poultry, should contri-
bute its quota to the manure bank. All
weeds litter, loose dirt, should be placed
on the manure bank.
Wet straw, wet cornstalks, etc, are no
manure. Manure is compost-is vegc-
table matter animalized by wcllied ami
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12
Valuab!e.

Fire insurance is regarded everywhere
as among the necessaries of life. A prop
erty holder is reckless without it. Life
Insurance is now classcd with fire insur-
ance in this particular The National
Life Insurance Company of the United
States of America, with Branch Office at
Philadelphia with which correspondence
should be had, with the largest cash cap
iuai of any life insurance company in the
world, offers insurance in all sections of
the country at three -fourths the customary
rates, and desires an agent in every iocali-
ty. 1t combines absolute strength with
unusual cheapness, is managed by some
of the best men of the country, and is
well worthy the patronage of all persons
seeking insurance, and the attention OF
all persons seeking employment.
American citizen. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1864-1890, 1873-07-12

Twenty summers have elapsed since it
briefly announced that new vegetable tonic and
Alternative. bearing the name Of Ho-tetter's Stom-
ach Biters, had been added TO the list of Prevent
i've and Restorative medicine The modest ad-
vertsement which invited attention the prcpara-
ton, stated that it had been used with great sue
cess. in private practice cure for dyspepsia
bilious complaints, constipation and Intermittent
fever. 1t soon discovered that the article pos
sessed extraordinary properties. The people, of
every class, tested Its merits u tonic. srimulant.
corrective and restorative and found that its ef-
fccts more than fulfilled their hopes and cxpecta-
has been upward and onward. and il stands to-day
the head of all medicines of its class. American
imported. III the magnitude of its sales and it-
reputation IL a safe, agreeable and potent inyig-
GRANT and restorative. For languor and debility.
lack of appetite and gastric disturbances. com
mon during the summer months, it is absolutely
infallible Indigestion, bilious disorders. con-Ii-
patton. nervousness periodical fevers. and all the
ordinary complaints generated by Il Vitiated and
humid atmosphere. vanish under its renovatih.s
and regulating influence. This is its record
:tvouchcd by volumes of intelligent testimony
tending period of a fifth of century. and
Comprchcndinsr the names of thousands of well
known citizens belonging TO every class and call
ing. In Europe it is thought great thing 10 OBJ
tain the patronage of royalty for patent medi-
cine but iIosfcftcr's Bittcrs has been sponta-
neoIsly approved by millions of independent soy
ercigns, and patent consists in their iudorsc