, 1873-12-13
4 CHICAGO INDUSTRY.


in tho Woat, haB ono worry rendy answer, If only
d sufficient number Of people can bo mado to
agree to cnrry ont tho plan. 30 long as tho cost
Of transporting grain 10 distant consumers is 30
great aB to deprive the farmer Of all
profit and at tho same tiu,o to cause an oxorbl-
tant price for broa1stulfs ut the placo whore
thoy arc mostly consumed, thero will bo consid-
ernblo difficulty in reonnoiling tho interchta Of
producers atd conBumors. But whom large
number OF consumers, ongagcd In mechanical
lubor, aro brought iuto tho immediate vicinity Ut
tho producers, both ase henetlted. IN Bhort,
few things will improve tho condition Of tho
farnors Of tho great Northwest as much az tho
location Of large manufacturing establishments
throughout tho country wherever circumstances
will permit.
ready takou a commanding load III all branches
Of manufactures, from tho heaviest and bu3kiest
articles to Tho finest md most delicate piccoB
Of mechanism.
one Of lie moat valuable and interesting
lore Is ono N but Iftlo known, except to those
vicinity. We refor to the Cornell Watch
Factory, SITUATED at Grand Crossing, about
nine and bal: miles south Of tue city;
Michigan Oontral, Michigan Southern, aud tho
Chicago, Rocl; Island & Pacino Railroads. Tho
factory was built BY tho Cornell Watch Company,
and work was begun about two yours ago. Tho
ent time u $4ooo0o Tho officers arc, l'reni-
dent. Paul Cornell Vico-President aud Mana
ger, 4. @. Williams.
The factory IL plain substantial brick struc-
turo, consisting of q main building and two
stories high, aud hi!s tower and boil. The
wings arc oach so by 90 feet and arc only three
stories high. II Inns onpacity Tor 900 opera.
tivea.
The starting Of watch factory ia attended
with groat difficulties and ombarraBsmontB,
owing to tho fact that I'LL tue machinery used III
the manufacture Of watch must ba mato in
the factory. Tho number Of watch factories IL
80 small TINT thoro aro no machinery dealers who
either keep or mike watch working machines,
1nd consequently nll wAtch factories have ina-
clinory departments, whore t1oy make their own
machines, Those latter aro raroly covered by
natonts, :, aud. except few uniInportan'. Il
uHcd in all factorics. Therefore, tho
sturting-point Of watch factory is in
It's machinery department. In tho Cornell
one, tho power for all the machinery. used ia
US noiAe1ossly and smoothly as II it wore d mere
playthng. It seems almost impossible TINT this
Misunderstanding machine should havo Bnch
power. The machinery department occupies the
entire lower floor OF the wings, and containa all
tho latest improvements IN Woodworking mn
chinory. Hero aro machines that will cut the
hcaviest pieces Of metal used, aud others That
will shave off thin ribbon Of metal that
win break to pieces at touch: Tho
large planer III ,o use horo has m sone , valuable
Machinist OF tho factory. IAe tool cnN be
used At any Ango by n1eanB Of 8ot-BcrcWB, And
oil arc graduated to degrees. There aro ninc-
toon muohiuists in this department, nil of whom
arc workmen Of tho highest degree Of pro-
doency.
Tho room noxt in order in the production Of
q watch il the plnte-room. Here the uppor and
lower plates are punched out OF brass. They
arc thon formed and pierced, preparntory to ro-
ccivlng tho trnin Of tho watch. The larger
braaB-works in general, and all tho punching,
aro done in hlHlepa1tmcnt.
Next comes tho train-roon. where tho wheels,
plnions, arbors, ba1anco-staff md jowol-Rottings
arc cut. Tho Teeth OF all the wheels are cnt
here also, joined to tho pinions, and made rer iy
to 60 into tho watch.
In tile ba!anco department, como Of tho finest
work about the watch in dono. Tho balances are
made Of brass and steel, Joined together in q
out Of quito gDod-si2cl piece Of metal. When
finished, thoy are very dollcate and beautiful
These balances have all advantage over those
made from d single metal, Binoo tho contraction
mud expansion Of tho two metals, duo to Aeut
aud cold, noutralizo one another.
The Int stcol mud screw department executes
I'LL tho steel aud acrew work, and tho atanl-wind-
ing attachments. Some Of tho screws turned
out by the machinery Of this department arc 30
small that ono OF tlom Weighs only one-aixloen-
thouBandth Of IN ounce Troy.
In the motion department, tho whole train is
iltted to the watch. That is 10 say, all the ill.,
terror parts Of the watch aro 4oro brought to-
gothcr aud Joined to each other.
Tue examining department III where all imrer-
fectionH or inaccuracies aro houGlt for, and
when any uro found, the offending part IL sont
bacls to DO correoted or replaced.
In tho jewel department.. the rough jewels,
into small Elabs ro-cnt into cubes, turmoil, sized.
polished, and pierced, ready for sotlnB. Only
rubles aud gar4oss are used In tho Cornell
watches.
tho pulse Of tho watch-that which gives it the
regularity OF bent is nude. This work requires
greater Judgment aud skill than al,y other.
When all tho parsH Of ton watches hayo been
| made, they ato pluced In box having ton Bej1-
arnto compartments. md ara Bont tn tho gliding
department., whore all parts requiring gliding
aro rubbed smooth With stone, mud arc olcctro-
gilded Tho diat department, which 10 IN thu
Hane room, IL Quo OF tho most interesting Of all.
Tie dials ate punched out OF thin copper, and
arc then covered with ilno enamel, which il isl-
ported expressly for thiR purpose. This enamel
il tAon baked OH III furnace. Tho dials thou
| 90 to tho painters, who punt tho dial lguroa
| and divisions with 1ino canelB' hair brushes.
boon invented which cai do this work properly.
Tho coloripg matter appears very faint when
first put on, but tho dlas aro again placed In the
| fulraco, and tho loat deopouB the color to
| black.
Tho dials being fitted and tho hands put on,
| tho watches are giycn over to tho regulator, an
in short tinlo aic roady for the market, At
this time, With only about 200 hnnds employed,
! tho factory il turning out twenty-five watches
t!nily and the force can bo Increased ut will to
600, with greater proportional incvoaso IN Tue
| number of wateos. Ths demand for Tue
| watchos Of this Company is growing 20 rapidly
thas tho Manager hopes to hayo tle full force ol
600 at work within oiglltoou months: Chicago
] eau woll be proud Of th!s brunch VI her manu-
fnctures, sinco it took Bomo Ut tho largo Eastern
| companies over two yearH boforo they
could make watch at all. Tho Cor
I noll factory is now entirely over the pre-.
1iminary eInbarrasHtnontH that always besei
watch factory, and 1t otrors nomo OF the finest
work ever dolie in Matchmaking, NJ proof ol
| its SUCCESS. Tho Company manufactures soyol
different movements, Of which throo are Atonl'
wntters, thus tallng tho lend OF all companies
| aaye Que. which also makoa Atem-Winler,
Tho Company oais tha. It's 1ssosa %at' y
I tlnlsh OF tho pallets aud osoapo-wheel teett
hoing superior to any other yet produced. Al
1