, 1873-11-23
A SPANISH Butcher Three Hundred
Years Ago.
HOw He Ruled tho Nctller1nnds--~
Slaughter by Wholesale.


tho Queen Of tho Antilles into an American
Inland. Nearly 800 yoars have elapsed since
Alva went to lis grave but In every struggle
between liberty mud oppression his uneasy ghost
has accmod to burst tho portals Of tho tomb
and stalk abroad as reminder Of that
pAnK AND DISMAL ERA
when loug-suroring people, goadod into mad
moss by moro than doviliah tyranny, roso agninBt
An empire which tlcn ovorshadowed tho world.
and struck tho blow Which mndo republican gov
ernments possible. How strange It Is that to-
day the momory OF this man, who 30 long ago
turned to a little hoap Of coiilu-lust, should
asalst in rousing tho wrath Of n great nation
which had no existence wl,ilo ho lived, Ind set
in motion influences which may sooner o. later
snatoh from Spain tho last of hor onco magnia-
cent colonial poasoasionsl Noithor Alya nor Lis
maHsor dreamed that tho horrible work which
tho one did at tho bidding Of tho other would DO
handed down as IN awful legacy to generation
Aftcr generation, and enveloped both in a halo
Of imperishable infamy. Dead they RIO, but
their doode live after hem,-burncd, as IT were.
with hot iron into tho worlds heart, thero To
romain until "tho last syllable Of recorded
ttmo." ,.
FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO,
Duke Of Alya, wAa born 10 Spnjn in 1b0B. He
U
to bo tho greateat soldier Of them oil. Ills fam
lily claimed deHcent from tho old Byzantine En-
perors, and ono of bis anccstors-a PalgloguH-
conquered Toledo, aud addod tho namo of that
city to his own and his descendants title. The
father OF tho subject Of our sketch waB killed. in
an encounter with tho Turks, md tho 500 grew
up with discrimination to ayongo hia doath and
carve out fame and fortune with bis sword. He
may almost bo said to hnye loapcd from tho
cradle into tho saddle, for at All ugo when other
boys are amusing themselves with toys and trilcs
he u as studYing tho art Of war, and was Already
an adept in every manly and military exercise.
When be entered tho army IL not known, but 1t
is cert.in that at~1e he fought At tue baltic Of
In his campaign against tho Turks. It naa in
this campaign that his cool courage precocious
wisdom, and remarkable gonius attracted the Mt
tontion Of monarch who had a rare faculty
for discovering what vas in man and hence
forward Charles and tho young Fernando
WERE lNsEPARApLE.
It is told OF him at THIS pcriod-and 1t is about
tho only symptom Of the gentlcr pageion lie ever
m manitestcd-that no rodo from Hungary. to
Bpnin On horseback for no other plrroao thhn
to enjoy brief interview with the bride he Ind
loft behind. In 1856 ho was with Charles IN tile
expedition against Tunis in 1546-47 ho COM
m9nded tho forces arreyed agnha5t, tho smal. i;
fhaa IL aa o a aSers aieTsa srihn rhare 0p e po
. splendid victory over, his. antagonists.
In 1864 he VAS attached to the suiee OF Phillip
then Grown Princc-and Joined hin, On tho visit
to England which resultcd in his marriage to
Queen Mary. When Philip By tho abdicasion OF
lis father became King, Alya was appointed
Gauera1iaBimo Of tho army in Italy, aud wagel
TINT
FAMOUS war AoA1NaT POPE PAUL ".
which created such vast scandal among the faitli
full. at tie conclusion Of ho6tilities,- lad
all gone in favor Of the Spk1linraa.-AlYa pro-
ccedel to Nosno, Kissed tho feet OF tho Pontiff
whoso torritorlea h. had ororrun and whose
troops ho had vanquiahed, md obtained al ab-
solution which must Aavo stuck Eotnewhnt in tho
throat OF tho holy poreonagc who care IT.
When CharlcB abandoned tue cure Of State for
tho. sacred calm Of tho secluded monastery OF
Yuato, le recommended Alsa to .philp In tho
strongest possible torms, and urged Ills om-
and relentless urn wore needed. We have
acen that Philip followed this advice in tho
Italian difficulty he WAS now to follow it in q
much moro important matter, aud on o atngo
whore tho mightiest actors Wero to figure for
nearly eighty years, aud whore SPUN Was to
recoiyo thoEe wounds which have reduced hor
onco imperial sway to such insignificant dimcn-
eions that elo IL hardly ablo to maintain her
own nationality.
SPANISH pEoADFNoE BEGAN
with tho rebellion IN the Netherlands. That
rebellion waa the cancer which slowly but SUI oily
has eaten tile lifo out Of tho dominion which
once embraced the choicest portions Of tho Old
World aud tho New,-a dominion which has
tho earth.
IL is impossible, Of course, in the columns Of q
newspaper to give oven tho briofc6t summary Of
those eYents which produced b revolt in prov
incos hitherto enthusiastically loyal to Spain.
Enough for our present purpose to soy that this
revolt was not SO much against spanieh au-
thority as against tho Spanish Inquiation, and
tina: tho Netherlands throw of the yolso because
Philip II. 6toadily adhered to Ills favorito mot
to: Better not to reign at ali than to roign
over horeticu." Up to tho moment when lilo
people Of tho sosen provinces finally and forever
repudiated their allegiance to Spain, they could
havo beon reconoiled to their sovereign by, n
simple proclamation on llis part of liberty 10
own conaciencos. Thia was the ultimatum
which William OF Orange announced, and which
Philip rofuBed aud tLis WAS tho pivot upon
Which turned those events that, long after
confirmed the Dutch Republic. -...
Margaret Of Parma, as Regent Of the Nother-
lands, had failed to cruah the budding i1,surreo-
tion, and being wonan-though QUO Of the
most masculine Of her aex-waa too merciful to
inaugnrato the policy which Philip had resolved
man who could enforce that policy without foar
and without romorse. Alya was F.
READY AND WILLING Toni,
and 1t the planet had boon searched for person
Alvarez do Toledo would hnye diatanccl all COM
petitors. Ho WIS then 90 years old, tall straight,
With small, round head, kecn, glittcriug, eyes,
loavy nDso, thin lips, and an'irou-gray beard,
which, divided into two long Tufts, foil upon lis
breast. Ills norvea wore steel; ls was as inca.
pablo Of fatigue aa OF forgiveness lle bad no
appetite oxcept for blood, aud vent about his
bloody bunino6a az quietly and dispansonately
as the professional butcher who rutB Ills knife
to the throatn Of dumb lrutes. Though the ycry
incarnation of cruelty he was seldom angry, and
certainly noyor allowed anger to disturb Lis
Judgment or Interfere with lis appointed taalt.
AS machine for systsnatio murder, tho annala
OF mankind do not furnish hlH equal, uo btRnda
alono and above MI other murdererg-
A COLOSSAL CRIMINAL.
before whom all other criminals may hide their
diminished heads.
Aya sailed from Carthagenn May 1s, 1867. Ills
army consisted Of 10000 picked veterans sea.
soued In q hundred battles, end tit Heryanta fo1
aucl a mastor. Thoy wero perfectly equipped,
and In order to prevent thoBe disorders 30 projn
dirlal to military discipline, Il corps Of o,u00 ot
the de'ni-1nondc,. regularly enlisted and
paid, accompanied thcm on thar
march. Franco, having refuaod passage