New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-08-25

visions for use ia place OF the existing British unit OF
sSt of six Of the proposed United states metric dollars
or Of japanese yens 0r d0arsl Inc corresponding
limited states three dollars piece being consequently
nrecsely one half OF sucn proposed British unit 1t Is
10 be hoped that the System will DC adopted ia England
as thereby simple correlation between the two pro-
| posed metric SYSTEMS will be secured.
Tee following table compares the Tour STANDARDS OF
eerS G lnag9s%De Of st,pdsri goli Of pine
IN 900 Tl@ne' ofp''s Bach piece xsishas
100 proposed decasT;amnes.
COO Japanese yens. .........................l 1866
S!O ten-franc pieces Freneb) 9295s
$50 ten-mark pieces (GermaUJ.. 39o25-
1852 proposed lOforn pieces Netherlands. 6774
and weighs 793SO5 sr,mue containing OF pure so IS ;as
s.mms. a1d consequently saa'a'n' IN value
Tae audience in Section rapidly increased in the
afternoon as the time approached Tor the delivery OF
Prof. swallows paper.
on TIE ORIGIN or sPEcIEs-BY PROP. &C. SWALLOW
large number of the cutyators of science have be-
lieved in the integrity OF species They have based
their Investigations the hypothesis that certain or
ganc beings alike in all their essential character
isties that each has welldefned beginning and will
produce s kind; and that each series will maintain its
identity indefinitely the end They have at the same
time ADM tied that individuals may be somewhat
changed by various causes such Us climate, food &c,
and those changes may be fostered anu transmitted
especially by mans care that varieties with marked
characteristics be produced by special causes but
that when these AMI the original conditions
are restored the variations will rapidly disappear aud
the varying series will return more or less perfectly 10
In the beginning OF the present century Lamarck. De
Hare and others advanced the theory that inorganic
matter a deyeloped into the lower orders OF organisms
and these in turn are developed into higher organisms
until man is produced This theory occasloned pro
found sepsaon, but Cuyier Linn9us and others sue
cessfully defended the nImuabllity OF species. Near
the middle OF this century the "Vestiges OF creation
sPRendne the theory OF development beyond tho
limits Indicated by previous thinkers Some ten years
later Mr. Charlie, Darwin and Mr.. Alfred Wallace
duced theory accounting for the origin OF species in
Mr Darwin has sustained his theory by many able
works. he wisely limits his theory by admitting the
creation primOrda beings thus avoiding the weakest
parts of the old theories. The matter becomes OF more
serious import when Drs Bastian and Chid ana Proi.
Hpckel and Mr. Herbert Spencer declare that the ey-
dence evolution covers tho whole space from nor-
But these opinions generally lead definite
clusion but 20 balancing OF possibilities Changes IN
volvng the addition OF new bones OF new ORGANS nave
reference to changes when lhV1Lve merely nooca
tons or engagements OF either The same ~ true IN re-
gard to the introduction OF new reasoning powers Be
tween the lowest organism and man there seem 10 De
very serious barriers and one OF them seems 10 DO
change things qualities and principles put none 10
show that can develop new ones III Is as easy 10
give life to molecules TO give mental powers to plant
Also the fact that you can change one animal mo an
other only supports change oil animals ana not vi
plants into animals.
the other 10 me- nsuperabe barrier the change Of
animals into man. So far as the ply steal nature IS con-
cerned II might be possible but in the highest degree
improbable. But when you say the intellectual powers
Of monkey are developed into the mind OF man the
powers OF the money Will give the moral powers Oh
mani
ment could never be developed out OF the monkey SUI
perstition prevalent in earlier races OF men
ment But the monkey could be taught to reverence
the unknown. There nothing in this direction
that man could have lived in the tertiary period. lie
described excavations into an Indian mound IN Mis-
souri, there remains OF the mammoth found
in strata around the mound of higher level than the
excavation made. 1t his conviction that the nam
IN Ih-Dpa Ia
taken out OF the bottom OF the excavation contain
ing a skull OF a woman 1t was OF fine texture and of
elegant form There was evidence that this belonged
race in any wise inferior TO man OF the present day
These two objections TO the development OF the monkey
into man-nrst the absence OF moral in the mon
key; second the utter want OF evidence OF the physical
| modification of the monkey into man-Prof Swallow
considered nsuperabe, The usual arguments OF the
| ant-Darwlnian school were brought to bear
| turn their original types adverted TO- and
instance was related where In Western district
hogs of good breed, domesticated beng left without
owners Tor many years became wild in appearance and
long tusks grew upon them so that European seeing
them could not be made to believe that the creatures
were not native wild boars. Similar instances ad-
speaker was not impressed by the arguments OF Darwin
in respect TO hybrids. He mentioned the case OF ny
brd between the willow aud the oak which had become
| extinct.
His time having elapsed, the motion was made that
the time be extended. Prof. Swallow declared that he
was anxious up OF the section. He
was allowed time to finish his paper He proceeded TO
second that the tendency of the offspring OF fruitful by
birds to return to other OF the parent species
1
natural hybrdizatioD. He mentioned the OF tri-
hum which he had discOyered-a sport" of unusual
beauty and sZebut the efforts OF the careful Gull
| tiyators failed 70 perpetuate It,
In regard 10 fossils he thought there evidence
whatever that species had seyer cen
| into another We had merely discovered that there
we're more varieties than had before known. He in
stanced the cyrtia exhibiting the widest variety
no development into anything else In the
mastodons instead Of developing into something better
with every advantage OF climate and locality they die
out entirely He considered that the case OF man was
similar That IN different nations had for
improved, but afterward degeneraed and sketched
| the rise and fall OF past civilization.
the audience had not TO wait long for the repy Prof
Theodore Gill; the chthyologist the first TO gain
| the floor.
Prof Gin said familiar with most OF the argu.
ments advanced by the speaker He up the srgu-
ton OF the doctrine Of development theory he said the
doctrine was not advanced at time Perhaps nine
enhs IN this country and threeourths In Europe OF the
natuasts we're evolutionists many OF Darwin
lahs Inc osuhcuoh mas not been made between Oar
wnlsm and the evolution theory The latter h belief
in progressive Developments by growth from the simple
TO the complex through successive Oar
wnism adds 70 this theory by showing ia factors in
sexual selection natural selection protective colorng
The arguments not perhaps sufIcIent IN nrove
spontaneous generation but we cannot yet refuse the
evidence OF our senses IN reference sOme the
meDts Of Basan The questions Of homology formed
principal part OF the science OF the day AZ 10 these
homologies We trace them throughout the 6shes
from the lowest form TO the highest No d,stnr
ton has yet been established between animals aud
plants IN their lowest forms In fact has been nece
form third group ~ include the forms
animals the Psychological evidence In case cannot
be directly procured Ii 10 well known "A 10 dogs that
they dream and there IL abundant evidence az east
rudimentary moral sense IN these and domestic