, 1873-02-02


>,7wins e's inc::na:cu 'osard the doctrine Of eTo-
l:ior line origin Of laan frel lower forns Jed l1,
tlye-adtsey Year, ngo, t2 regard the habit Of e1-
pressing our feelings b Ecl112r movements, innate an
It has become, IS having been In hoISe n,2nec
gradually acquired d. tho asat. Seeking back
arst place, w.s lc. to osssr7c infants exhibiting
emotions with extraordinary fcrrc, rs well as with
Etmpicity and an absence Of convention which cease
10 audied b2ng Iabe to tho strongest passions, End
giving tLe1n uncontrolled vent. Or. Duchcunes In
eaects Of eai9anis anon tho fae:a muscles ol N I'D
man, gf7a eorae asaiE.anc6 toward distinguishing
varieties Of expression. Less aid than was expected
the great masters In leintiug and Ecu1pture beauty
in works OF art excluding hs display Of strong farial
~ sna G q ops
it to asce:ain how fSr The sa1nc expressions and
gestures prevail among all races Of mankind espes
Europeans. With tha yte:T LIST Of sixteen questions
waa circulated by Mr.. Darwin within tho last i've
from missionaries. travellers, md oer observers Of
aboriginal tribes whcee namcs arc appended to
:ar. Dafwin's introductory remarks. The evidence
thus accumulated has been supplemented BY the ciose
aud keen observation Of the author himself through
wide range Of anial lifc It seemed to him Of para
mount importance to hestow all the attention possible
upon the expression OF the several passions In various
2aalas,-no, Of courSc, deciding how far IN man
certain expressions characteristic OF certain states
nIzaon On tho cA,,scs o. tho origin Of tho yarious
mdycu1eas Of expression. In Observing animals we
not Esc1; 10 bs bised by o1ar Imagination and
may feel sl7e that thoir expressions nre not con-
ytotipn.l.
Any attempt TO state tbs fruits Of such re-
searches in G sentence must be bare and un-
satisfactory; b1t it may be enid that, as the
result Of his inquiries, Mr. Darwin finds IN anl-
mals lower than nan expressions OF grief, Joy,
sorrow, pleasure, fear, hope; and that he a.
tributes them to muscular notion dug to three
principles Tho fret Is thai Of seryiceab!e as"
goc;ntad habitp, which might, with equal accu-
racy and greater perspicuity, be styled SIMPLY the
principle Of haLit, Ike blinking with the eyes,
approach Of danger, although, no doubt At first
shut for their protection. Tie second principle
is that of entithesis. When cortai1l movctnents
or gcstures hare been acquired as aforcealu, ana
hnYa como to bo h2hitually performed in conneo-
ton with certain etate Of mind, there
will then DO strange and lnvoluntaryten-
3oncy under tho opposite state Of mind, to dl-
rec:ly opposite movements, whether IN any way
scrviccablo or not. Hence alone, Mr. Darwin
tl,inks eau be explained, not only the sudden
md extreme changes OF expression In the attl-
t1ldcs of animals but many gestures used py sav-
ascs,or BY the decf md dumb. The third principle
is tho direct agency Of tho nervous system Ar.
Is involuntary actions-sach es the bristllng OF
the hnir in fear or anger-may hare beon ahect-
ed BY the mysterious power Of the will.
Professor Thompson B. naury, of the Signal
Office, Washington, asks attention to Some OF
tna deductions that m"y be Justly made from
tho extensive ana Simultaneous observations on
tl,eweatllor By tho Weather Bureau. His paper,
entitled
THE LAW OF sToaAs DEVELOPED"
is illustrated, and throws great deal OF Light on
the behavior Of cyclones, monsoons, OCEAN,
storms, and the less momentous variations OF
our everyday weather. Concerning tho SIZE or
STORMS, ho says:
It has often been asked whether the storms o. our
letltudos attain the immense size formerly attributed
to the; and many eminent writer's have denied the
p<s,sbiuty Q: tt=r reaching diameter Of moro than
Two or threa hundred nsea. Ir. J. & Lsughto1, IN
his recenuypubhEhed Physical 6eograpny,n would
Ynors rnaSoitudey which have been assigned then."
But this opinion rests merely upon conjecture not yet
f ia Wc-knoS:, fact tia: tho monsoons generated
Oh tha eentral plateau north Q! the aalaya Alouu-
tains, and tie whole system Of Asladc wet nonsoons,
may he regarded ~ IN Immense and prolonged cy-
clone aa1 extend their backing influence Into tho
Indian, Ocean, and rcach far 70 tho south through @
geographical 1nilot) and from the 6oh 70 the 14oth
nesidian Of cast ionsttude, far ont into the Pacific
Ina the sd no4 4a ant of M
also 10 justly 1esarded = grand n': cye!one;; e;
whose centre is stationary o:cr the heated Plains OF
Cautral Aei: whose intro11oring TiEds bearing the
ev2uo-st;os Of the Aatic and oeeans feed it with
1neteoric fuel for raohs IN the yer, ard waose
may b. neS5 Aaaop
therefore, 1arraa tho idea Of great cyclone But,
apart from all ths actual obseryatsons IN ulneEsnt
pazts oI tho g!oho provo the Frequency Of Of
tt'.e tie Celebrated Gulf Stream storm Of 1889,
as Sir David Drewstes 1oag go pointed oq rs sevesat
cf Georgia. uear Savannah, In the very heart 9! tho
guile at the ecmc honr that the winds in its northwest
YorI and Boston, moro than 500 ces distant tcleary
revealing c;clone whose formation vas s:mnetraca
aad Hose dsce5 YES nearly oa nes -ls nu, nos 1s
15a Of August 1871, before its centre had moved
north Of To.ida, had begun to draw upon the regions
It, ini,,snce as far north Ne London, coa1i and
raye US the norcastcrly c5clonc Wnds IN the north
west quadrant Of tue wlArl On tho entire Atlantic H.
Eus discovered 10 bo then southeast Of Florida, and
geographically foreannonnce a. likely to endanEes e
tho coasts 81. o. ha @ soatns1a Sss os thu aeh
In full force IN Northern Florida, bu: not until
Eone eight ten hours after had &c: the atmosphere
finn, md had cauEe tho ssora-cloid 10 spread itself
over the entire region OF the United States on the cast
ern SLOPE Of the Aueghen:es, and US far westward as
Reddcd, i:spy. Henry, Loonats and Others io2e ego
showed for area Of depre On tho opPes e.
IN mako itself simultaneously felt G3 far south AS the
Gulf Of Mexico, and ~ far cast a1 New England.
Herbert Spencor's continuation Of his
'ssIGDY OF SOCIOLOGY"
is Of itself enough to glyo thls number great
value. This mnstor1J work has reached lis sew
enth chapter, mad cannot fail to allure many per
GoIlS TO Ell APp4|E46eae4@" ~ .AA.
est of all the sciences, and to pave tho way Tor
tho other works with which Mr.. Spencer, it ia un-
dorstood, intends to follow
In discussing tho different dstortion3 OF men 9
judgments by which their opinions are twisted
out of proportion, he Eays:
The state of mind wo call fpadence Is one ct these
II man 6,scars tt aozo 1uanimato thing which No
cannot adjus: be wishes, IT, in wintry weather,
clipping towr aud hurting himself, he vents Lis anger
by darning grayitaaon his folly il manifest enough
to spectators and TO nseE clso when his trFatatlon
has died away. i.at in the political ephero 1T Is other
wise 4 man may here, IN fact not in sYord damn
1aH oi Eaturc without being himself aware, md with
out making o:hera aware Of his absuraity.
The state Of feeling often betrayed toward Political
Economy exemplihes this. An i,np:tience. accom-
napy1ug the vague CONSEQUENCES that certain cecKll-
ed conGicons pct scheElcs nre at variance with ro-
liticreconomica truths, Baows itself In contelnptuots
words applied to tAeEo truths. Knowing that this
theory Of gsycranen and plans for social reso1ma-
ton cro discouu:cEanced by It, h1r. Carlyle mani
fcsts L,s a1noyaaco By calling Political Econo-
nv 4ttho dismal science" And. among others
thaan his aaaercntg, there ere many be-
longing to al partce, and progressive. vlo
dispny repnSnrnco to this body Of doctrine With Which
theiy fsyuriie theories do NOT agrce. fet Little
thnpht might chow them that their fe7ng is much of
fho sane lind as would be vented by perpetual
mocn gche:ner ngl:nst tho principles Of mechanics
10 SEQ that these general which they think OF
s cold ana hard aud acceptable only BY tie unsynaps-
tI,attc ara nothing but statements Of certain