The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1873-01-24

greatest depths, only a portion o
which do we deem It Important t,
quote. az follows:
The width of the M0er-Yater, O
Lieye, at this point, was 1880 yards
and spanned by All old bridge. th,
stone piers Of which were very nea
together, having been
BUILT ny THE EMPEROR iIADRAN
In the early partof the second century
The rise III the tide Of the North sea
close at hand, was from Ii to Is feet
thus producing cnrTellt almost Al
rapid rs that of the Mersey at Liver
pool. The Commissioners determined
to utilize this force, In reference tt
the erection ofexpensive Steam work,
at the mouth ofthis mine. A plan was
submitted BY Cyrus w. Eield and al
once adopted. Turbine wheels were
built, covering the space betwixt each
arch, movable. and adapted to the rise
and fall of the tide. Gates were also
constructed between each arch, and a
head Of water. raging from 10 to Is
feet fall. provided for each turn of the
tide-both in the ebb and the flow, so
that there should be continuous mo
ton to the machinery. Near the
shaft two large boiler-iron res
eryoirs were constructed. capable OF
holding from 10000 to 100000 cube
feet Of compressed air. tle average rate
Of condensation being about 200 atmos-
pheres. These reservoirs were prop
erly connected with the pumping ap-
paratus OF the bridge by large casG-iron
mains, so that the supply was contin-
nous, and at an almost nominal cost,
1t was BY the same power Of COM
pressed air that the tunneling through
Mount st. Gothard was effected for the
LYONS and Turin Railway, Just COM
pleted.
The first operations were to enlarge
the shaft so as to form mi opening 10
ny 100 feet, English measure. This
consumed the greater part Of the year
lS49. so that the real work Of sinking
was not fairly under way until early
in 1850. But from that period down
to the memorable 9Th Of November.
1872, the excavation steadily progress
ed. neglected to state at the outset
that NJ. Jean Dusuloy,
THE STATE ENGINEER OF BELGIUM,
Was appointed General Superintend-
ent, and continued to fill that impor-
tant Office until he lost his life on the
morning Of the 9th Of November, the
melancholy details Of which are here
matter fully narrated.
As the deepening progressed, the
heat at the bottom continued to incease.
but 1t was soon observed, in a differ
ent ratio, from the calculations of the
experts. After attaining the depth Of
1860 ct-about the hight of Mount
Blanc which was reached early In
1864, 1t was noticed for the first time
that the laws oftemperat,re aud glav-
ltatlon were synchrunous TINT il, that
the heat augmented inn ratio propor-
toned to the square Of the distance |
from the surface downward. Hence
the increase at grea, depthsbore no re-
Iation to all the apparently gradual
augmentation near the surface. AS
early as June. 1863. it became appa-
ent that the sinking. It carried on al
III, would have to be protected BY
'one athernIanOus or a,liatherlnic COW
ring. Professor Tyndall was applied
.. and, at the request OF Lord Palm
,rSton, male a vast number of exper-
ments on non-conducting bodies. As
he result ofiis labors, he prepared a
compound solution about the density
u white lead, composed Of seleuite
luln and sulplate Of copper which
vas laid on three or four thicknesSes.
irst upon the bodies of the naked
oiners--for III all deep mines the OPP
rltives work IN p,ris aataait6uS-alll
hen upon
AN OVAL SHAPED CAGE
lade OF papier lnache, with a false
ottom, inclOSed within which the
liners were enabled to endure the in
ense heat for Il shin Of two hours
ach day. The drilling was all done
Y means of the tlian0nd-pointed in
trumelt, and the blasting Nv MIRO
iycerinc from the outset, so that the
rlncipal labor consisted In shoyeling
p the debris aud keeping the dFiil
olnt iii Sita.
Before proceeding further It may ,
OF be Improper to entlnente q few Of |
10 more Important scientific facts, !
'hiCh, mp to the LIT Of November OF
" past year, had been satisfactorily I
First IN importance is I
" one alluded to III the ab0ye--the /
lie Of Increase Of temperature as we
Aseend iltD the bowels Of the eartll. s
his law, shown above to correspond !
Sactly with the law of attraction Of 1
Tyitatlon--liad been entirely over a
'Oked by all the scientists living or '
1ad, No one had for Il moment sus- Il
.cted that heat followed the universal v
" Of physiGsasa material body ought a
do, simply because tiOln the tlIue 1
De SluSSllre heat had been regarded 9
lly as u lac' or eia piea and not as a 4
n. III