New-York tribune., 1873-07-26
with a view OF applying practical remedy. Ac-

cording 10 some 1t ~ produced by the freezing
the pond and the accumulation of snow the result
ing ice, exercising pressure upon the water WiI .I
materially affects the respiratory functions oi VI,
fish. This can hardly be sufficient reason hoWeNcIt
since the resulting pressure is very slight ~ f
20 that which the same fish may eXpeEienro . ~
different depths in large bodies Oh N~"v,i ~
Another alleged cause is the untimey u's.u sun Ia
of the fish, Ia various ways before tnt5 wv n tLe
result of n premature awakening Of the.lsu' or VI
the intrusion of pCkcrc or oheI Ih i:,l ~, ~
Dr trauCntod, however Is ilyi. f t dnvclonment of
this may be partly the result OF the ut(ci"i'ii I'm,
micrOscoDic innri I'm the water, e52ecial.y aS cpl
mon premontioa consists OF ch3Ise - Itod w i;
OF the wafer which becomes tulbu anu ditoieVt f
,,,,n,,..u.o :, conecouence of the Development ol
t6e fnnoj IN largo numbers ihe edect oi lhiS ,s ~
use mn fhe oxvgen. and introduce mo tHe Maoo' a. H.
exeess of cafbOuic acid gas, thus ieIuci!is ot
y,oter insufficient Tor proper respiration on VIC PU
of fbe fishes With this SugGeS tlOh' IcicIc,iioo
made to the fact that certain Isi ,h soI and
vo0p very rapidly on the SURFACE OF cue s"o" @ un,
tbot il is possible that the snow iuhgIs vi sum sCo
ofber NAV develop equally II water Oh q @ Ool 80
nuinum temperature When the spores u'piT w r, ~
fi irto II Mo adyigce rs the best method OF TcIl-
o,yinr fine difficulty and one IN acc'iuHSo VII VII
prctic9I rypereace, TO plant the e0tes Oh 'ic Po.t
with water cresscs This plant, as is Wen hho"h'
baa tendency 10 purify the water ,y Ihe uecollPU
s,ton of tine carbonc acid produced by the respiI-
fi0n of ish thus restoring the eliminated oxygen 10
the water
DrprcT METHODS FOR THE MANUFACTURE or NAL
Ir,PIE IRoN.-Yon Tunner IN an article on the
manufacture Of malleable iron from the ore, re-
marks that the mechanical pudding method of
Danks has given a fresh impetus 10 efforts in this
direction since by this process SIX to seven per cent
more iIon is obtained than tie amount OF cast iron
introduced so that allowing FOR waste l. TO II per
cent of iron must result from the ore added; or
according to Danks's statement. about one-hait OF
its iron The reduction Of the ore is doubtless
mainly due to the carbon dissolved in the molten
IRON coming into most intimate contact with the
ore also for the most part 10 fluid condition. Inc
conversion of this secondary direct manufacture OF
nalIcable iron into the chief feature of the process
suggested itself very naturally, and has been nuch
discussed. Sicmens has stated that it would be
difficult TO obtain such temperature in a rotary
hearth as would fuse five to six tons Of puro iron
and that it would he impossible to obtain fluid steel
in it. since it would at once be deprived Of It's
carbon by contact with the walls Of ore Of the fur
mace: but he remarked at the same time, that ne
had directed his attention long ago to the use o.
rotary apparatus not for padding, but for the re-
drctioa of ores and hoped soon to give an account
of his experience IL was the opinion OF Sneua,
who has thoroughly investigated the chemistry Of
Dan1,s's mechanical pudding that it Is impossible
to do much more wi5h that method, toward the
direct manufacture Of iron than had been done as
secondary result, because il is impossible TO bnng
more carbon into play in a liquid condition than Is
contained I'm the cast iron and that The presence OF
carbon IN liquid state is necessary for the r9duc-
tioa Of ores in y rotary hearth. lbeIe can DC no
doubt however. that contact ia more intimate ar /
action consequently more energetic between LLe
carbon ard ore in "a duid CONDITION thaA NA,l aJHd
Indeed, the reducing action 90 -d9. gus '' ooi, o.
caTbOulC oxide 's nor as entfs. jl'' ~I.ygc VIC
Azure must be lower or contact Win the mct'I ore
less perfect St ti iadjspniaDie that uhttf con
difOns present i'm DanEs apparatus, the feuli loh
~ v M m, N. oi7nd by the addition of pure, finely
divided vegetable OF IMMORAL carbon, SINCE by ICIf-
tou more intimate contact Ci the carbon ana Ill'
more or less molten ore would take place ana con
sCJucntly more energetic acuon me .tatiII! @ ul
pure iron ores this manner, in common pliUll-S
furnaces ia SJIla and eIs s,"He.e' IN ."e MS, l, 'i
the CeutuU-8haudoncd ber.u. g nor ecguo'llotl1 ~
su1,p, rrs this aseuUDtion. The old methods as well
gs tho recent cNpeU nents Tor Tht dltecl manu-
tion due entirely as Gaucliu has proved, TO tne
motion Of the he.ices. is continuous ana nniorn IN
direction. BY using Clc- .lla4I' t't.di. Oh
pprultu.nt ones. and hy adopting Lale lIiclWe
of reinforcement. the mower ot the machine a' hcen
vastly increased. 4 machine OF TINS sort lh G"+N
,l., for clcctro-ul3tin0 in the establishment o1 NJ
CIrstolfe I'm Paris. weighs $50 illogfHnnes, ol winch
185 lulogTamnes are tie weight OF WIRE on the p+r-
ruo,a lie ones About 0nC-lurec DoWerl required 10
rive If It's normal velocity Of 300 turns minute.
With this velocity. the current is equal IN intensity
10 that of two BUUsen cells Ol the ordinary szt' ana
I'm quantity t. - such cells lt VIII dcr.siJ C3'
grammes Of silver per hour Nith tils Neioclt, I.'
Temperature OF the arIn2tuTe never cNcecdS I= r.;
and with 215 tuUs inmate, no heating takes place
A Wilde machine, much larger n SIZE. and making
2,4l0 revolutions per minnie. deposited oniy $40
gammos of SILVER per hour For the electric lgiit,
+lo CIaIallc machine is somewhat varied 80 rs 90 in
crease uroporiona,cly it's Intensity Tie one tested
bv the committee was - meters in hight. by Oo
meters square and weighed about ton. In IT, three
movable electro-magncrS revolNeu between the poles
of fluecfXed c.Ccro-racacts one Of these developed
fine ma ynctisin of the fixed magnets, the other two
furnished the li2ht. The fixed mlruets Were wound
wifi - kilOgiaM5s of wire the movable ONES with
a. Klogrammes With velocity Of 800 rotations
pcr minute. requiring -four hOrse-pOwrTs OF force,
binary Buuseu cells, and q quantity Gf five such
cells; Il gave light equal 10 that Of goo Carct egs-
lets: and IgntCl - meters of copper wire o. or
uiIlincter iu Ill octor and five meters of iron wine
g milhmcters thick IL fused - meters OF this
L. rrirn-