River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1873-03-28
Annlied Science

fish guano, from Meinert in Leipsic.
was found to have the following per.
centage of composition Moisture.
$50; mineral matter, 3273; organic
matter, SAT the amount of phos-
phorlc acid being 1880, and of nitro
gen 6.4S. At about cents per pound
Tor phosphoric acid, the price of nitro
gen is entirely too high, higher than in
fertilizers which contain it in the form
OF ammonia salts.
COATING COPPER WITH IRoN.-Prof
Bottger states that ammonia-sulphate
OF iron, with suitable batteries, gives
beautiful results in the electrical de-
position of iron in thin films or thick
plates, according to the process with
double salts of iron described by him
about rs years ago This has proved
OF great practical value IN the preserva-
tion of engraved copper-plates from
wear in printing, by covering them
with thin film of this peculiarly hard,
steel-hke iron.
SUBSTANCE FOR CLEANING SILKS AND
WooLENs.--A new substance for clean
ing and whitening silks and woolens
consists of aweak solution of sulphuret
OF sodium, or of potassium, this having
a very remarkable effect in removing
the fat from the wool and the gum
from silk. In the case of silk the bath
must be boiling but for wool the tenn
perature OF the alkaline sulphuret
should not exceed 122 degrees Il. The
more gum there is on the fibers of the
silk the greater is the amount of sui
phuret needed in the solution. The
aluminates of soda and potassa have
also been used for the same purpose.
A New APPLICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
ACTION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR.
1t is claimed that Weinreich &
Schroeder have succeeded in the appli-
cation of centrifugal action to the pro-
duction of common sugar and purified
loaf sugar without the usual method of
hquoring. In case of the loaf sugar,
a current of air, drawn in by the cen
trlfugal action, and with which steam
is mixed, is employed to aid in the re-
moyal of the last traces of syrup. The
amount of sugar obtained is said to be
larger, and ten hours to be sufficient
after concentration, to produce a mar
ketable article. Time, labor, and stor-
age room are thereby greatly econo-
MiZed.
ENAMEL FOR COPPER COOKING YES
sELs.-To enamel the inside of copper
cooking vessels in which acid fruit and
vegetables are cooked, and prevent the
formation of the so-called 'verdigris,"
the following method is recommended:
Twelve parts of white fuorspar, IL
parts unburnt gypsum, and one part
borax are finely powered, intimately
mixed, and fused In a cruclble. The
fused mass is then poured out, ana
after cooking is rubbed to
paste. The copper vessel is to be
coated inside with this preparation, APP
piled by means of brush, and the
vessel placed in a moderately warm
place, so that the coating may dry uni
iormly; after which it is subjected to
gradually increasing heat, till at
length the preparation fuses. On cool
ing, the vessel is found to be protected
internally by white, Opaque enamel,
adhering very firmly to the copper, not
chipping off by ordinary knocking and
rubbing, and impervious to vegetable
acids.
SHIPPING BUTTER IN SEALED CANS
For many years butter has been sent
from Copenhagen to all parts of Europe
in Dramatically sealed tin cans. Al
though the business was commenced
originally as an experiment, it has
expanded to such degree that, during
the last two years, 1t has occupied
several of the largest butter dealers of
Copenhagen. The object of packing
the butter in this manner is to protect
it against the action of air and heat.
and this is so completely attained
that butter has been sent from
Copenhagen to China and back
again, without the slightest detriment
to its edible qualities. The principal
places of demand are China, Brazil,
Java, Spain, and other countries, gem
orally through London or Liverpool
houses. The packages vary in size up
to 2S pounds, although those OF 4
pounds are generally preferred. The
cans inside are lined with wood, sat
urated with salt pickle, and, when
filed, are soldered up. This treatment
is thought to exert very important
influence in the preservation of the