, 1873-01-21


ton. Such Is really the caso THO rango 10, in
reality, high plateau broltcn up into rnfnor olo-
yetlonH and dopsoaa!nlls, md varying greatly In
width Tho first Impression nalo upon tho
agreeable. Launched out upon tho platform Of
tho depot at midday III wintor, porhnps with
aovoro Bnow-storm proyniling,-for 1t SHOWS, OH
lho HyornSo, niue days out Of ton along tho
m exceedingly pliabhy villago md vory wilntry
| landscape. Nogaunoo wns built by the Jackson
| Mining Company to slo1tor their workmon. II
ID therefore, atrictly n mining town, with tho
small and comfortable, but far from showy. Tho
streets aud walks uro onu.a,nborod with snow,
tho ]inlitod amount Of trnvel not making por-
! fuot clearance necessary. Saloons arc unfli~
A few neat rcsittoncoe, moro ambitious tl,nn tho
rest, Indicate tho homes Of tho mngnAtoH: Tho
eyo glal,cos into tho valley In Wlic}, tho
business strects arc sftnatod, then rises to tho
elase 't o. two S1s with whits i prros pit feniy eo,s
trastod with tho snowy hills III tho distance. Tho
CatholtcH still ntrivo aftor tho old supremacy
I whcl, they acquired over tho uurons and
| Rotnfsl Bishop, having hiB homo at Marquette,
w!elds an 10y croeior ovor the Uppor ronfnau'a::
About tho village aro soon hills, mostly bnre Of
tho primoyal Forests that coyorcd thom. Tho
| wood llas nearly all gono into tho anlotlng fur
arc gracefully drnped with tho nll-peryading
! snow. Tho hills have tho same prevailing OUT
| liuo. Thoy arc simply enlinnncoH Of from 100
to 600 foot In hc'ght, sometimes detached, solne-
timos In ohort ranges, now rising In gent1o de-
cliyity, now moro Rbrupt, and sometimes preoip.
itons, tho cliffs appearing. A vlsta Of several
miles In longth calls tho snnlo characteristics;
oil along 1t are acon tho same an knobby protuber,,
with thin layer Of oarth, Forests. mud eomo-
times rocks. Dotvcon tho hills aro occasionally
valleys Of some oxtont, filled With back de-
poBit called peat, mud tfiol-Hot with maple, hem-
foo1r irc1, orf thn nrn
doprossiona in tho folds Of tho rock an1 iron
bcds, for tho layers havo nil boon oontortod and
conyoluted by gront latoral pressure III some
fsr.o misty geologic epoch; :; iron & I'm t' bo
wash and selinont Of conturies, and cannot now
bo protltably worked. All tho iron In this vast
region will, undoubtedly, In tluo, come out OF
II tic traveller IL going to Marquette, he drops
down nearly Thousand foot In Is miles, the
railroad passing nlong tho edges. aud winding
about tho basoH of such hills M those described.
II ho Is going westward, the cara tako him
sion of similar views, wlloBo timber has found Its
why into the coalkiln's TINT, like wl,itel aopnl-
chres, glmmor along the route. Tho nnos lilo
aan s pon 6 n a tic S so o e a. rom
ono to five miles IN extent. Thore iB little to
vary the Wow in winter, except how and thon
deeper valley, " moro abrupt procirico, Or tho
fantastic form Of snow-covored pines and hom,
scarcely bo more unattractivo, for 1t would pos
soaa clements Of beauty wanting in this dcBolate
region III wintor.
IRON ORES.
Tho pcoplo Of tho iron localitios arc nlucl,
given TO amateur geology. Tlloy. chatter stony
leBsness TINT can only como from much profu-
aiou aud great familiarity. A stranger stands
astonished and nbaslod before tha outpouring
Of technical knowledge. 1t is pleasant sight
+- f1In ~,
scanning lieco of rock Of extremely common
place appearance, a1,d e,,l,nciatiug his opinions
II regard to its being 4 .;magnetic, oxide" orr
tlle attention aud divert tho talk Mining is Tho
vigorous lifo Of the country, and tho people
think and ,Bpoak Of little olso. All iron oros
tiou with iron,-tllo first substance boiug in ra-
tio to tho second approximately US to 2. Sill
con, manganeso, magnesium, sulphur, aud ploa-
phorua are aleo found connected With the metal
III small proportions. To eliminate tho lattor
requires good doaI Of scientific knowledge, and
not 1ittlo persovoring labor. Tho term he
matito is applied to the red ores, or to those
WHICH give red streak when scratched with 4
G-eok alma, blood. Tho ancienta know five va
rietios. Thoophraatus Hays sand lilo uona-
tito, or Dloodstono, which is Of d donae, aolid
tosture. dly, Or according to its natrro, aeom-
1,emntiteB havo d metallic lustro, and aro then
called "specn1ar iron, tho torn simply mean-
ing "luatrons." Some are soft, aaa have o
more, doeidod crimson east. These, aro
houses sS about % lilo Jaekson &c no It Nesaunoo s ar
painted with this s,bstance, mixed III tho usual
manner. They hayo about tho shade Of tho red
sandstone with which our citizons aro familiar.
The magnetic ores arc dark III color, and giyo
black stroah when scratched. They arc not
found in the eaetern end Of the iron range, but
begin about Ii miles from Negannoo, extending
Lake 11ichgamnle consist Of vast deposits Of
the magnetic ores, which will aoon furnish a
largo portion of tho iron of tho region.
TECHNICAL.
Wo givo here tho gonorally received c1assi1ca-
ton OF thd ores Of tho Marquette iron district:
4. Tho most valuable, 10 far nj developed, il
tho spocusas henaatito, Which is very pure an-
hyarous sesqu.oryde, giving rod powder, and
yielding in tho blast furnace from, 90 to
ss II Ry rsd sin Short a sas orc e bot w sa
and granular, or nRssiyo. 1t is often bundled or
inter1aminated with bright red quartz or jas
por, and is then cnllal "mi1ed ore."
3. The next II order Of Importance is probably
brown hemntito (Limonito) of Pennsylvania and
Connecticut. This ore il generally found asBoci-
atod with the harder ores. from which many
s;npposo it Is formed BY partial decomposition or
cally combinod-is porous In Btr,1cturo-yields
As to IS per cent in the furnace, and Ii moro
easily reduced than my othor orc Of the district.
It forms NIL excellent mixture with tho spoculars.
! There arc several varieties OF this oro That
found at tho jackson, l4ako Superior, and New
| England is associated with tho spocular,
| while the FoHtsr bed IL several milca removed
ns9 hes
this oharactar and is one Of tho best homaltcB.
q. Tho magnetic ore OF the district has tins far
only been found to tho west OF the other oros,-
lie, Il spnrr' and Michigammo aneaMat ~hich
none Of tho other yarioties havo been found OK
cept tho Bpecular, into which tho magnetic soue-
ti1nos passes, the powder being from black to
may be varieties Of the same ore, an they arc
much Mike in richness, nature Of ison mud goo
logical structure. This view is much strengths