davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28


In cold winter weather a naked
iron bit is apt to haye frost in it,
and the moment it touches the in
eide of the mouth of the horse or
mule it is pretty sure to stick
fast, and with the least passi-
BILE movement or change of po-
sition 1t is liable to tear the tender
skin of the mouth or tongue, and If
the movement is repeated, may
cause much suffering. Any one
doubling this may satisfy himself
by simply touching his tongue to a
smooth bit of frosty iron. Owners
of horses or mules would do well
to see that the bits in use in winter
are permanently covered with gum
cloth, leather, or even with q bit of
muslin-something to prevent the
iron bit or its appendages from COM
| ing in contact with the inside skin
of the mouth.
A Texas Co. ono. paper says Few
persons are aware of the immense
number of fruit trees sold in Texas
county in the past few years. Mi.
Caldwell, for whom j. w. Price has
been selling, has disposed of 1900
trees in the past few months. Maj.
Brockaw, Mr., Aspey and Others
have sold, we doubt not, an equal
number. We are extremely glad to
chronicle this item, as it is another
indication of the rapid improve.
ment of our county. Everybody is
planting orchards and vineyards
for, in addition to the large number
of largo fruits, thousands of grape
! vines, currants and small fruits o.
every description have been sold il
the county, showing that the people
are conscious of the fact that no.
!. where does fruit yield more bounti
fully than in this section of thu
State
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28
LIST oE CIETS.

Total, 10000 gifts, all cash, $500, OOC
To provide means for this magnificent
concern, ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND
TICKETS ONLY will be issued. large
portion OF which are already sold.
PRICE OF TICKETS.
Whole Tickets $40; Halves, So; and
Quarters, $3.50. Eleven Whole Tickets
for 800. No discount on less than
500 orders.
Nothing could be more appropriate for
presents than tickets to the Bang net
Of Wealth or more likely to produce
grander satisfactory results. The object
OF this Third Gift Concert is the
enlargement and endowm' mt Of the Pub
lie Library Of AenIucI<y, which,
by the special act authrizing the concert
for its benefit, Is TO be forever free to all
citizens of every state. This concert will
be conducted ike the first and second
heretofore given, and full particulars OF
the mode Of drawing the gifts and paying
them and everything necessary to thor
ough understanding OF the scheme from
beginning TO end, are now published in
the form of a circular, which Will he FUR
nished, free of cost, to any who apply.
The entire management of this under
taking has been committed by the Srus-
tees TO Hon. ThOs. T. nIle1Ie.
late Governor of Kentucky, t. whom all
communications pertaining to the GIFT
Concert should be addressed.
II. T. DURRETT. Pres.
w. y. HALDENAS, Vice Pres.
JOHN $. CAIN, Sec. Pubic Library, by.
FARMERS and DRovERs' BANK, Treas.
Tickets are now ready for sale, and all
orders for them or applications for agen-
meet with prompt attention when ad-
dressed TO me as below directed.
THOS. r. BRAMLETTE. Louisville. Ny.
Agent Public Library, Ky.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28
EMPORIA NEWS.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY IS, 1878.


TELL 1T TO THE CHILDREN
Every life, however humble, has
some links of evidence to add to
the chain that makes us believe,
lovingly, in God. So l have read
of poor woman whose Bible was
plentifully marked in the margin
with the letter T and +, which she
explained by saying, "These
promises have tried and proved,
and / know them to be true" Let
that Bible go down to her chill
dren; and amid the trials of after
years, what comfort may they not
GET from these promises, tested in
the crucible, and attested by q
mothers hand to be pure gold!
"The father to the children
shall make known" No firma-
ment sparkles with brighter proofs
of divine faithfulness than that lit.
tie world of which fathers and
mothers are the observers. Luther
thought it a great miracle when he
could see no pillars on which
the stars and the sky and clouds
rested, and yet they did not fall
So it was. But look at the family
of children-growing up amid
what dangers! What twitterings
alarms, escapes, are the portion o
every nest; from that of the spar
row in some tuft of grass, Will
feeding cattle around, up to th,
human home. How often the hoo
of calamity has trodden just by
and how frightfully loud and nea
has been the monsters breathing
But it passed by an hand-dreadth
by what instinct. or thought o
pity, or rather-has it not been
by what an invention of divin'
faithfulness? The covering han'
of omnipotence, the compressor
Fathers, was there. These things
also, are miracles, if you please
but miracles of which n father ca
tell his children n great many
A. G.. Vermilge, ID. ID.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28
GRANDEST SCHEME OF THE AGE.
S 8 q 5000
CASH GIFTS.
100000 for ONLY $1,000.

Under authority OF special legislative
act of March 10, 1871, the trustees now
CERT, for the benefit of the Public Lii
brnry OF Kentucky, TO come of
in Library Hall, at Louisville, KY, on
Tuesday, April Sth, 1873.
At this concert the best musical talent
| that can be procured from all parts of
the country will add pleasure to the en-
tertainment, and TEN THOUSAND CASH
GIFTS, aggregating a vast total of HALF A
MILLION DOLLARS currency will be distri-
buted by lot to the ticket-holders, rs fol-
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28

HEAT OF RooMs.-The purchase
OF q thermometer will make pay
ing returns in health. The great
tendency in winter is to keep
rooms too warm. The foundation
of pneumonia, pleurisy and pull
monary consumption is frequently
laid in oyer-heated, ill-ventilated
apartments. The inmates become
accustomed to breathing hot, close
air; the system is toned down
and relaxed; and slight exposure
to cold and wet results in a SER
ious illness. "Some years since"
says n medical writer, "we called,
one winter evening, on n friend,
whom we found in a cosy sitting
room, with a large fire, a low cell
ing, and the heat ranging about
the eighties. She was suffering
from a severe cold, but could give
no account of how she took it. A
month later she was Frustrated
with pneumonia, and she and her
sister died within q week of each
other, and were buried in the same
grave, The intelligent use Of a
thermometer would doubtless have
saved both OF those valuable
lives" The mercury in the tube
should never be permitted to stand
above seventy. If that tempera-
ture is not sufficient to give
warmth, it is an indication that
the person does not take sufficient
exercise, and the cure for it is
more miles and more flannel. In the
coolest weather, when the ground
is like stone under the feet, when
there is no drip from the caves,
and when snow lies on the roofs,
rooms should be ventilated. Pure
air should be admitted through
open doors and windows, so that
the oxygen consumed by flame
and by respiration may be re-
placed, and the effete and poison
Gus matters thrown off by the
body thoroughly driven away.
AS one of our best writer's on
household science remarks, "Nen-
tilation is q question of money!
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28
LnITH I HOFFMAN'S
huUE HOP PILLS

These Pills do not contain Quinine or
Minerals. They are sugar-coated. Price
80 CTS. per Dor.
Dr. NHcNaann, Gardner. Eli.
says: 81 have taken them myself and
given them TO my wife and children.
They have cured them aud many others
who have used Them They are made
to cure Fever and Ague at once. DUN
Ague and Ague Fevcrs are cured speed
lily. They are simple, harmless. and al
ways reliable. Directions in four lam
guages accompany them.
"McLain's Candied Castor Oil is deli
cious; and McLPin's Candied Vermifuge
Bonbons are perfectly elegant. Children
are glad to take them "-Salt Lake Herald.
l.. G. +. LOTT, Proprietor,
Once Or and "a Lake street, Chicago.
For sale by all druggists, or sent by mail,
prepaid,
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28

MILwAUkEK DIVISION.
1925 A.M.le Cedar Rapids 12:40P p. NJ. ar.
1O:40 A NJ ar Center Point II 30 A NJ lie.
$3.50 NJ lie PoStville 7:40A NJ ar
lO:45A NJ ar West Union 6:10 A NJ lie.
PACIFIC DIVISION.
1850 NJ lie Cedar Rapids 5:l5 NJ ar
IL 40 A NJ lie. Nipton 2:55 NJ ar
1850 NJ ar Dysart 1925 NJ lie
s-za-.ssa.--slllUseAFIN .8ERtsEeN.---sg- :
$50 Nile -Muscatine 1908 NJ ar
$3.50 A NJ arc - - NieAolS IL :06 A NJ lie
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28
Connections are AS Follows

Connections are as Follows;
At Burlington, with Chicago, Burling-
| ton & Quincy RAILROAD for GhicagO, Peoria,
| Cincinnati and Lonisgille .sKeokuk. Quin-
cy and Kansas; with Toledo, Peoria, &
| Warsaw railray for Logansport, Column
| bus, PIttsburg and st. LOUIS, via Rock
| ford, Rock Island & st. Louis Railroad ;
| with Burlington & Missouri River rail-
| road for OttumWa, Red Oak, Nebraska
and 5.Rapsas, and with Burlington g.
Southwestern for Pennington, Bloomfield,
Missouri and Kansas.
At Columbus Junction, with Chicago
| Il southwestern Railroad for Washington
and Leavenwo-th. .=
Island e. Pacific Railroad, for Iowa City,
Des Moines and Davenport.
at Nichols, with Muscatsne Div. B., e..
r. & NJ, for Muscatine.
At Cedar Rapids, with Chicago & North
western Railway for Omaha, Council
Bluffs and Chicago, and with Dubuque &
Sonth western Railway for Dubuque.
At Waterloo and Cedar Fails, with
Illinois Central Railroad for Indepen-
denee, Dubuque. Fort Dodge and Sioux
City.
At Nora Junction, with Milwaukee e.
st. Paul Railway. for Mason City and
Charles City.
At Austin, with Milwaukee & st. Paul
Railway, for all points in Minnesota.
AT st. Paul, for all points on Northern
Pacific Railway, the great Lake Superior
region, and al points north and north
W Il. PRTTiBoNE,s E2tHM. GRKRxE,
Asst Gen' slp't. Gen'l Sup't.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1873-02-28
Burlington, Cedar Rapids and
MINI esOta Railway.

- - > tesl3' o
On and after Dec. 9Th, 1873, Passenger
trains on this line will run as follows:
, 1873-08-16

Daniel L. Pratt. Of Boston, is ut tho Sherman.
IT, Scott Howell, Of Keokuk, is at tho shor-
nan,
". Simpson, Of Wiaona, Ia at tho Clifton
House.
Tho Boston Base Ball Club are ct tho Clifton
House.
William Tilton, Of Now York, is ut tho Clifton
House.
.,, Hon. Charles D. Hoyt, Of Detroit, is ut tho
bherman.
Hon. G. ". soofleld Of New York, is at tho
Sherman.
Tho lion. ]. Hook, OF Lookport, a at tho Wost
5lde Briggs.
Tho Rev. L. L. poasles, Of Indianapolis, IL at
Tho Briggs.
The Philadelplia Baseball Club ia stopping
1t tho Drigga.
Hon. II. A. Bushnell and family, OF Pensacola,
sro at tho Sherman.
z. L. Hastings and family, Of San francisco
bre at the Sherman.
George Y. Gushing, formerly purchasing
, 1873-08-16

great variety OF stoves at tler Bulesroo, Nos.
III and 143 Lake strest. Among tho most popular
atylcs aro number Of Basc Illuminating Iustera
now plgent plut for burning hard aud soft coal Many
large dcalcra in tho Northwest have already examined
then and secured tho exclusive Bae for their respective
localities. This hrm own extensive workH In Vo,,nsyl-
yaniu and Hel only TO tho trade at ,nanufacturcrs
prlceb Their assortment includes the american Cook
Htuycs md American Heaters, aud variety of 1odum
md priced cook aud heating atoyea Dealers will
do we'll to give ho1n call or wrto for their nov illus
tgatel catalogue.
, 1873-08-16

ALLEGED EXCESSIVE cHAnuEs--oAP1As.
John Lessler, in his affidavit for capaH against
B. ]. NooLn aud T. z. Richard, aifirrnB tint he
employed defendants as brokers to sell out his
stock az a grocer Mt $40 North avenue; and
I thar eomsmission o. Being POI cent int hc af
forwards sold his horse and other property for
$500, and they claimed commission on that also !;
and that thoy received 81 $780, and paid him over
only 81, ,005, retaining tho balance for commits.
sion. Ho c]nima that tho commission would
not DO moro than $76, ard ho Buos for tho
amount thoy refuse to give up, and prayB
capias, fearing that the result Of his action may
eleo ha 10at
, 1873-08-16

BPEOIMEN biVOHUE MQBEnY.
Catherine Droilng petitions tho Court for d.
vorce from, hor husband, Ioronz, who is cow
keepor and Inilk-vendor, living at and owning
No. IS Farrell street. Lorenz was married bo-
foro and divorced, after which ho married this
complainant, his former wifo being still alive.
Ho "a alleged to havo paid secret visits to his
old lovo, and removed an intimacy TINT ought not
to oxiat betHcnn nun aud divorced vito,
Alternating this conduct with cruelty and ill.,
treatment OF tho worst sort, wherefore tho COM
p1ainant, unable to bear her combined troubles,
Resolved to put an ond to them by recourse to
equity. Bho prays that her path may DO made
smoother with alinony.
, 1873-08-16

The through Pacific o1presa train for Council Bluffs
oaaha, Eau Frsnc4co, and all other Far West points,
Will leave the Wells Street Depot Of the Chicago h
Northwestern Hallway at 1915 III, Sunday. Aug. H.
Quincy, and Chicago, Heck 1Blana Pacific Hsilways
arc good on tAls train
, 1873-08-16

CHICAGO, Aug. 15.
The range Of temperature this day, as reported
by L. Manasse, opticlan, 20 Wont Madison street,
aYnrY laif-hn1,r, ia aa fplIQWa:
, 1873-08-16

Now TINT the Hyde Park Trustees have adopt
cd the appropriation bill for the ensuing year. a
comparison with last years bill will show the
practical working Of tho village System:
, 1873-08-16

A Lady LnndY u MoMytor mancalonBo.
From Tho Syrucusd Journal.
4 party headed by Mr.. i. II. Putnam and
lady hayo boon Bojourning at Clayton for tho
past fow days, and we are happy to state that
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1873-11-20

( WIS is national bank currency Ike au
ambulaY Ibs eounmdram has excited
tacrutbudasgIe aJgeaaaa uot only iuicr.
cstcl ia trs iug 10 Gua out Why QUO thing
/ Is ike aUolleb but also 1T another class
Of theorists who are always rcad, to give
ftbcir views On anything rcmogelv con.
uceted with tho finances of tbc country.
( II thn answers which have thas taf been
received shall be the means Of bringing
about a resumption Of specie payments,
or Of restoring paDHe confidence Ia the
strength of our present system, and thus
relieving tue money market, she compll
cr viii feel abmdsutly rewarded for hi.
uxorlous. Without further preface We
submit d few specimens OF thc answers
" hleh are at hand
Practical mau--lt aint ike IL,
Nice young man Because you can
make a spread with 81.
a Wall street man Because 10 Is tue
hardest @ borrow when son need it tho
most
a papf young Because IL doa't
take long tu count all yoa'vc got.
Au experienced man because Il don't
do any good unless IT Is used.
An unfortunate man Because you
can't get Il back again when you lcud IL.
a iocuse young man- Because IL Is
very convenient when thol heavy dues
come.
4 djsgruntlod mani Because the chan.
ces are u yon'ye got H. lt is whore you
can't yet hold OF ii just At the time You
want il.
a thcoist- Because there's no system
Of coItrai rsdtnpd on whereby it can
be returned after leaving possession ofits
owner,
A young lady-Bocause it Is handy tn
have When one goes ON jpuruy.
\ hard.mouey man Because ii ia uu-
convertible. rhoowaer ctn't present his
umbrella at the Treasury aud demand
coin for its fun value
Au importer Because II won't pay du-
lies at the custom house.
A careless man--Bceause 1t is easy to
lose IL,
A nliserly man Because one dislikes to
nave 70 use it,
A speudlhrlt-B Because one likes TO
have 1t to use when there's occasion for
IL.
A quiet young man Because itpromisos
TO pay.
Joues-Wcll, Jones, who needs an eN-
cuse for not paying his board bill, says, as
taras be is concerned, his currency is liko
aaan9roIla b,otus5 it is used up.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1873-11-20
now HRIGGs BAnp WAS TREATED

Thomas Briggs, Of Twelfth street. has
boy baby about ten months old, who is
admitted at the beginning Of this article
TO look just Hike his father, aud to be the
smartest boy baby Of his age In Detroit.
Yesterday morning the child was sitting
on the floor, play ing with five or six biz
coat buttons on Il stnng, and taking an
occasional nlbble at an apple TO bring out
his first crop Of teeth, Mrs. Briggs and
a neishbor were talking away as only
women can gossip, when the baby hid
the buttons under mat and started
70 finish the apple, A BIT Of the skin got
Ia bis throat aud be gave cough and
whoop and paved the air over his head.
Oh, the butt0nsi he has swallowed them
buttons cried the mother as she yanked
him up and shook him. Pound him on
the back yelled the other woman, try
ing to hold the baby's legs still. Run for
the neighborsl cried Mrs. Briggs. Oh,
he'll die screamed the other, as she ran
out. Aud the ncighbors came in aud
and made him be on his stomach and
cough, aud then turned him on his bacl,
and rubbed his stomach, and joggled bin
about ia all sorts Of ways, until he got
mad and went 10 howIing, Then a boy
ran for Briggs aud Briggs ran for tho
doctor aud the doctor came aud cboked
the b8bg aud ordered sweet oil and mus
atd plaster, and told them to hold him
on his back. Everybody knew that those
,ix big buttons were lodged IN that bsby's
throat, because be was red 10 the face,
and suuugled as ho howicd aud wept.
They poured down sweet oil, and put
mustard across him and wcpt over him
aud the mother said she could never for
give herself Boys drove by calling out,
Slab wood for sale uud the scissors man
went by shouting ng3-sharp, sharpl bat
bat distressed crowd held the baby down
aud shed tears over his whole length,
The doctor was looking serious, and
Briggs was thinking he had done
nothing 10 deserve such blow, when
one Of the women pushed the mat aud
discovered the buttons. Theu eyer3bo
laughed aud danced, and they kickcd
the sweet OH bottle nadcr the bed and
ttr:g ta3 mustard plaster at iho
Doctor and Sits Bugg. bugged be how.
ling angel 10 her bosom aud csiled him
her popsy wopsy topsy h0psy drop.
sy ittc cberubiu.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1873-11-20

selous Of NY merits and riches in ans
4, other place One has there The rauape,
of being a stranger aud 8 nyaery to
every ouo else, aud lives IL the aindpr
possibility Of not beiug found out a mosi
ordinary person.
They were 50 late Ia coming to the sup,
T per room, that they found tbemsc've.
sIoue In e.. Al the door they had a bow
/ from the head waiter, WHO ran before
them aud drew ont chairs for them At q
table, and signalled walters TO serve them
first LAYING before them with 4 gracious
flourish the bin Of fare. A force Of ser.
wants focked about them, as II 20 con-
test the honor oi ordering their supper
ono set upon the table heapug vase Of
strawberries, another nanked Il vith
hagous Of cream, third accompanied il
with Gates OF varied favor aud device; q
fourth obseqniously smoothed The table
cloth; q 9th, the Youngest Of the five,
With folded arms stood by and admired
the satisfaction the rest were giving.
when all these lad been despatched foF
steak, for broiled white-fsh Of the lakes,
-noblest and delicatest OF the fish that
swim for broilcd chicken, for tried po-
tatoes. for mullins, for whateyer the law
less fancy and rayening appelitcs ofthe
wayfarcrs could suggest, this fifth winter
remained to tempt them to further ex-
cess aud vsiuly proposed some kind OF
eggs-fried eggs, poached eggs scrambled
eggs, boiled eggs, omeietie
O, you're sure, dearest, that this isn't
a vision of fairy land, which wilvauish
presently, and leave US empty and for
lorn? paintively murmured Isabel, as
the menisl train rc-appeared, bearing
the supper they had ordered, and set it
smoking down.
Suddenly a look OF apprehension dawn
ed upon her face aud she lei fall her knife
aud fork You don't think, Basil, she
fsltered, that they could have found out
we're bridal party, and that they're
serving us so magniiceutly becausc-be-
cause--O, shall be miserable every mo-
ment we're here! she concluded, des-
perately.
She looked, indeed, extremely wretch
ed for woman with so much broied
while-ish on her plate, aud such bsn-
quet array about her; aud her husband
made haste to reasure her. You're still
dcmoralized, Isabel, by our sufferings at
the Albany depot, and you exaggerate
the blessings we enjoy, though ! should
be sorry to undcryalue them suspect
it's the custom TO use people well at this
hotel; or If we are singled out for nm
common favor, think ! can explain the
cause. 1t has been discovered by the
register that we are from Boston, and we
arc merely meeting the reverence, aiiec'
ton, and homage which the name every.
commands. It's our fortune to represent
for the time being the intellectual and
moral virtue OF Boston. This supports
not tribute to You as bride, but as a
Bostonian.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1873-11-20

al The arrival OF a laa3 of furniture
enough lo furnish two rooms handsome
ly. aud Ter which boz scholars bad been
saving and soHsltjug for moro than d
year,
Wei, sally was very happy in her new
home. The Hirle garden was source o0
delight and profit, and when The sd
news camo to her, enc year aier that bey
brother John bsd mot with an accident
that would cFipplc him for months, she
went TO his earrownl home and took
thcm al, three 60 her sanuy liHle cottage,
for which She helped 10 pay. An thro. !
said, for sweet little nephew ehimed
her sy mpathy and care now. There, in
the sweet, fresh mir, the invalid gathered
new strclglh and being free from aH2l-
cty. bis recovery was FASTENED
| little thought when you talked about
bnildiug a house, Sally, he said, one day,
that should ever need lis shelter, What
should have done all these weary
MONTH Of inactivity
III had bought 4 piano, or what YOU
call them, o,gani laughed Sally, cover.
ing his emotion.
You were Visor than l. Iiltlc girl. John
answered, a moment after; aud now ,har
our furniture is all here, and we are fixed
so comfortably, feel as ifeven when !
got into business again, should like to
stay right along.
You shall Oh one condition, John, said
Sally.
What Is thalY
That you build a house on The next lot
| will make YOU q present Of the lot,
You? exclaimed John.
Yes; bought il six months ago; and
il is no more than right you should have
it for the help YOU have generously given
me.
You had better cast Your fortune in
with her, said his wife, for she is bound
20 be rich.
III tell YOU what, said John, as he wa.
showing his friend three years later. over
his neat little house; have great respect
for a woman's judgement.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1873-11-20
now SALLY nUILr nER HOUSE.

shall expect you on Saturday, John.
wrols Sally Plummer. Mrs Lamen Says
You can stay here just as well as not, as
there are two spare rooms. Please not
disappoint me, as have a plan iu my
head which, want TO eDnfde to you. etc,
etc.
John Piummer looked very grave over
thi. lett rs. lie never liked TO 90 10 Old
town, especially to spend the sabbath II
was sach dull pace, be said to himself,
and even on Sunday the city was all
alive. he shook hl. head over the letter,
but supposed he must go. sally did not
ask him often, and Sally was such a good
girl
she hss not required mach Of him, GER
tsinly, since her mother had died, and
that vas I've Years before Though bat
a child, tscn, bu, little over fourteen. SHE
had began bravely TO hew Der owa path,
sud had succeeded What the plan wAs
she spoke of, be could not even guess
sic wa generally very rctieent over her
own Affairs
sally met him al the depot, oa saiur.
day uighi, according 70 appointment, and
very proud she va. Of her tail. stylish
lookIug brother John. And Jobu. fresh
from the citg though be was, had no raa.
son to be ashamed VI bis sislef, for sally
was very pretty ari, hcaahily pretty,
wiih bright dark eyes ani roses On either
cheek
tel you what, sally, yoa ought to 20