davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1873-08-13
UINDL0ST'E BREVE
CHRISTIANsTED8 POsTGOETOIR.


Amy Andrew, z. W. Beech, Christana
G. BoyeIhoud., Wilmington Byam, Cathrino
Butnstod, E5iur IIfrus, Maria Ch5l5tian,
Miss Z. CIa,les, joins William CoailIv.
Joseph Cae.;en, Mara N. De Wendt, G.
Drosc1er, Mary Dubois, Julia Ellie, Lca0a
GutliG, CatArne Johnson, Julia Jurgensen,
Minnoy Johnson, William KniIer, Katy
Jasper, Z. i. Lystrup, Frank Lothbrgo,
Thomas Machefl, Jane Marian, F. Mac
Kay, Miss PeteSen, George Roberts, John
Sheridan, Edward Sanders, Moses Suten,
EIizboth Stoyens, Frances Simmons, Jane
Taylor~ Bob Williams, William Walcli0,
Susanna William, Beniimin Williams.
P. G. TESTMAN,
c0nst.
, 1873-08-13
BARBADOS

DL191ED IN I9tVs
INCORPORATED BY SPECIAL ACT 1851.
CHIEF OFFICE:
No. 90, HIGH STREET, B~RIDGETowN, BARBADOS
RNGEIIS Society, which confines its bust
A ness exclusively to assuring the live
OF persons resident in the West Indies,
presents advantages such as no other AS
surance Company, Iabouring in the same
field, can offer. It's scale of Premiums,
although considerably lower than that Of
any other Company, has nevertheless been
found quite adequate to provide for the
risk Of life in the West Indies, and sulfi
ont to create large surpluses, out OF
which ReVeTslOnary Bonuses, averaging
2 6 per cent per annum upon the amount
assured have been distributed among the
Members Of the Society.
It's career during a period of 80 years
has clearly demonstrated the fact that the
lives of persons residing in this part of the
world, are, when carefully selected, almost
as valuable as those inhabiting Europe.
ana that they do not demand such exces
aIve Premiums as are charged by every
toher Company.
The following abridged Table shows the
Premiums required to assure 500, for The
whole term, upon 4 single itG -
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
Guarana.

This is the name Of a popular beverage
which the natives of Brazil prepare from
the fruit of small climbing shrub that
crows chiefly in the northern part OF that
country, and on the banks OF the ANA
ZOn. The essential principle of this fruit
is identical with caffeine. and its compost
ton i'm other respects is strikingly similar
to that of tea and coffee. An analysis by
TrOmmsdorf shows that it contains cafle-
inc. 4: green oil, 3.5; resinOus OleaglnOus
matter. 2 ): fannie acid and salts. 40, starch
and gum, 16; vegetable fibre, 80. STEM
house. in some cases, found 81 per cent.
of caffeine. 1t is thus seen to be very
much richer in this important ingredient
than either coffee or tea, the former rare
ly containing more than one or the lat
ter more than two per cent. of caffeine:
During the months of October and No,
vember the fruit is gathered, peeled, dried
reduced to powder, and made into apastt
with water, when it is ready for use.
not OverdrieJ, the color of this prepara
| ton is light chocolate, and IT also has
pleasant flavor, which is said TO llngel
long i'm the mouth. With cold water ant
a little sugar it forms an excellent bever
age, Or it may be eaten in the solid siat'
like the preparations OF chocolate. IL L
also eIllplON cu w luC HdtiNSS HI :" IVA -
known as guarana bread. AS cOmmOnl.
prepared it admits of being Transporter
without suffering deterioration, rcsistin!
alike the suns heat, intense cold, humid
ity, and putrefactiOn.
Mantegazza, writing of the effects o
the beverage, says: Between breakfas
and dilner. in the warm days of Jun
and July, there is not a beverage NOR
| ba,lthfil and refreshing than fresh cuJ
of guarAna. After drinking it one feel
reinvigorated, having in a measure par
taken at once Of food and drink" 1t ha
been used incidentally both as remedy TO
headache and as an astringent, but its el
fects are only transient. Like other mem
bers of its class, guarana is not withou
its dangers. In large doses it produce
cxhlaratien, convulsive inquietude. eX
altation of Intelligence, wakefulncss, sligh
diminutiOn of pulse, and want OF appetite
-Gatary for March.
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
German Emigration.

THE question of the great increase OF
emigration from Germany, which 1t was
Thought some time ago the Government
would take some active means OF check
ing. has been brought up in the German
Parliament. and with very Satisfactory re-
sults. Count Gutenberg, the Minister OF
the Interior, acknowledged the fact, ana
deplored it, but declared there was no
help for it. and attributed 1t freely 10 the
war. in spite Of all that the war has done
for the gforification of Fatherland. In the
first place, the enormous rise OF prices mas,
"a is usual, not been followed by cores
ponding increase of wages, and the labor
ING classes are suffering severely, although
the Treasury is bursting with gold. In
the next place, the small capitalists, who,
IL appears, are the class which is cOntribu-
ting most largely to the tide OF emigra-
ton. have been seriously alarmed by the
loss of life in the French war, and by the
great uncertainty about the political f'i-
ture created by the new role which Ger
MANY has undertaken on the Continent,
and which makes another tremendous
conflict one of the everyday contingencies.
They are. therefore, afraid to embark or
continue in business, and are hurrying on
with their little all to the only country III
which the field Of enterprise is not troubled
by wars or rumOrs Of wars, and wher,
the worst enemies the industrious MAJ
has to fear are the "wOrkers" and "oper
atOrs." AS remedy for the GROWN!
scarcity Of agricultural labor. the Minis
ter recommends the increased use OF ma
chinerv.-N. Y. Nation.
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
Wild Plants DOmesticatcd.

The Cabbage is first cousin 10 cailli-
flower. broccoli. etc, and they all come
from the wild cabbage of the sea-coast.
Ii is marine plant. and loves salt and
salt water. The wild cabbage is tall.
wavy. coarse plant, but the pods are now
gathered and eaten in the spring months
in some parts of England. There is no
plant which has produced by cultivation
a greater number of varieties than the
cabbage. We can extend the varieties
much further. but it Is sufficient for us to
consider the wide range between the little
red cabbage for pickling, and the mani
moth" with head SO large that It can
only be boiled in large caldrOn. In the
cauliilower we eat the tleshy dover stalks
and undeveloped buds, which are crowd, q
together into a compact mass. 1t was a
f:!vorite saving of the great photographer,
DIR. johnson, "Of all the flowers of tn"
garden like the caulitlOwer the best" a
sentiment worthy of this learned epicure.
The numerous Varieties Of the cabbage
illustrate in the most striking manner the
changes which are produced in species by
cultivation. and the pcrmanence OF some
varieties of races. They also give us i'll
structive lessons in the economy of vcge-
table life.
The Turnip comes from wild plant
found by the sides of rivers. bitches, and
marshes. Like the cabbage, it has pro-
duced several varieties, the result OF long
cultivation. From the wild plant we have
the little flat turnip ana the huge rita
baga. with all the varieties between. Thi:
root is now most widely cultivated as food
for stock, and it has added much to the
wealth of England.
The Parsnip is also reclaimed wild
plant, and it is difficult to say whether VT
are indebted to cultivation or importation
for it; most probably the latter. as it is
native of Britain. If the wild plant is cul
tivated two or three years in rich gardci
soil, it acquires all the desirable charac
teristics of the best kinds; and if left t.
itself in poor soil, it speedily goes baci
into its wild. degenerate condition. Pars
nips appear to nave been very early re
claimed from wild state, for Pliny tell
us that parsnips were cultivated on TN
banks of the Rhine, and were brough
from thence to supply the tables of tn
Roman emperOrs.-JouTnat Of Chemistry
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
The Earliest Newspaper.

Authorities have differed widely as to
the nation and city entitled to the honor
of having started the first printed news
paper. For many years it was supposed
that the credit belonged to England. 1t
was claimed that the British Museum had
a copy of the earliest paper in its cOllec-
ton. 1t was called the English Mercm1e,
and printed July %, 1888; but it has been
shown that this copy, like specimens OF
rare old coins. was spurious. and gotten
up for sale. Watts, tue photographer OF
the Museum, who saw, on examination,
that the type and paper were OF modern
origin, and did not belong to the sixteenth
century, exposed the forgery. 1t was an
ingenious fabrication, pretending 10 give
the news of the Spanish Armada, when
was DESTROYED in the English Channel by
Drake and Howard day or two previous
TO the date of the sheet. There were seven
numbers of this spurious Mercute pro-
duced-four in manuscript, and three In
print.
Venice has also claimed the honor OF
leading the way in giving newspapers TO
the world. The Gazetta, thus named be-
cause it sold for small piece of money
called gaZzetta, it is asserted, was printed
there in 1870. and it is pretended that
copies of this paper of that date are in one
or two collections i'm London. But late
discoveries have apparently established
the claim of the old German city OF Nu'
remberg to this high honor. a papeI
called the Gazette, according to trust
| worthy authorities. was printed in thai
city as early as 1857, five years after Petel
SchOffer cast the first metal type in mat
rices. Nuremberg, with the first paper il
the fifteenth century, also claims Tn.
honor of the first paper in the sixteenth
century. There is an anciently printed
sheet in the Libri collection which ante
dates all others except the sheet of l45
anu the Chronicle of Cologne. 1t is calle'
the Neue Zeit,u,g aus Hispdnien und FaLie'
and bears the date of February, 1884. Th
British Museum, it is said, has a dupli
cate of this sheet.
Thus to Germany belongs the homo
not only of the first printers and the fir;
printing, but also Of the first printe
newspaper. 1t has also another claim
distinction. In 1915 EgenOlf Eurmt
started Die Frankfurter Oberpostants Ze
tuna, the first daily paper in the worlt
This journal is still published; and th
city of Frankfort is to erect monumeI
i'm honor of its founder and editor as tl
father of newspapers. From "New
papers and Editors" by S. 5. CoNANT,
Harpcr's Muqazine for March.
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
A Lively Thresher.

The Titusville Press gives an account
of young man from an eastern city who
had been visiting rural friends in that Vi
cinity. After. seeing a farmer thresh out
a FLOORING" of oats the other morning,
he asked and received permission to swing
the fail few minutes, upon assuring the
agriculturist that he was perfectly famil-
lar with the art of threshing. Expecto-
rating upon his hands, the young man
went at the oats, but at the first pass
knocked the horn Off from new mich
COW that was leisurely chewing her cud in
a neighboring stall. The second swing
caved in the head of the farmer, who
thought he was safe enough as long as he
rocsted on top of the tanning mill in the
other end of the barn; but, without dis
covering the havoc he was making, the
city artist kept at his labOrs; the third
blow fell upon the oats, the fourth killed
hen i'm a manger near by, and the fifth
pass of the deadly weapon was the best Of
all, for it came round behind the young
man, boomerang fashion, and taking hii
under the lower jaw. knocked him down
and thus put stop to the work ofslaugh
ter. The mere fact that the city "thresh
er" returned to consciousness an hour be
| fore the farmer did. allowed the former t
get several miles out of town before hi
efforts at threshing oats were discovered
by the neighbOrs,
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
Dresden Porcelain.

THE celebrated porcelain OF SaXony
bears the name of, though it is not maic
i'm Dresden. but at the town of MeiSscn on
the Elbe, fifteen miles below the capital.
Not to 90 there is a palpable neglect OF
the tourists obligation. The porcelain
manufactory is i'm the old Castle, once the
residence of the Saxon princes. 1t Is an
imposing editice, and, from its local p"'
sitiOn on the banks of the river. looks re-
markably picturesque at distance, ana
not much less so on close inspection. lis
appearance is assisted by the Cathedral
hard by. a handsome Gothic structure
with graceful open-work spire.
The earth from which the porcelain Is
made is obtained from Aue, an insignili-
can't village twelve miles from Iwickau.
The process of preparing and baking the
clay is slow. difficult, and complicated.
| The mixture. or biscuit, is composed prln-
ejpally of kaolin and ground feldspar.
| Th. materials are reduced to very fine
powder. an! stirred together with water
in cisterns, the surplus water beng
pressed out through linen bags, separated
by filtration or other methods. When
the biscuit is of the consistency OF dough,
it is thoroughly worked over by beating,
kneading. and treading, and is then put
away moist for year or more TO undergo
| the mOldlng process. WHICH lHClc'iscs itH
Elasticity. The better kinds of porcelain
are formed i'm mOlds of gypsum, and the
incest skill and care are needed to fashion
the vessels. as well as in the glazing and
baking. A good deal of the ware is una
yOidably spoiled, such precise handling
does it require: but the artisans employed
i'm this manufacture have had years OF
experience, and have inherited their trade,
as is the case with the Brussels lace max
ers and Amsterdam diamOnd-cutters. lt
is said that the excellence of porcelain De
pends on locality and atmosphere; that
numerous efforts to manufacture tne
Dresden china elsewhere, with exactly
the same material and the same work
men, have failed again and again. There
was always something lacking-sOme-
thing almost indefinable, but still some
thing. Whether it is that the artisans are
accustomed to certain routine anu
subject to subtle influences OF sur
rounding, which they cannot change
without detriment to the product OF their
, hands, is an open question put tna'
skilled labor not infrequently follows the
same mysterious law governing the re-
mOval of plants has been shown ny re,
peated experiments. The manufacture OF
porcelain has been for generations tht
: most profitable industry of the nei%hDor'
hood of Dresden, and is likely to continue
so for generations to OcOme.-From Along
=. the Eibe," by JUNIUs HENRI BROWNE, Ill
!. Harper's Magazine for March.
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
The AirIeSS Noon.

AMoNG the illusions swept away 10y
modern science was the plcasan: fancy
that the moon was a habtable globe, like
the earth, its surface diversified with seas.
lakes. continents and islands. and varied
forms of vegetation. TheologianS and
sacants gravclv discussed the probabilities
of its being inhabited bya rare of Senlicnt
beings, with forms and faculties like cur
own, and c,en propoundcd schemes for
opening communication with them, IN
case they existed. ono of these was 10
construct on the broad highlands of ASIA
series of oeometricai figures on a scale
so gigantic as TO be visible from cur plan
ctarv nairhbOr. on the suppo>ition that
the moon people would recognize the OBJ
iect. and Immediately construct similar
figures in reply. EXlravagant and all
slrd rs it may appear in the light OF moi
crn knowledge. the establishment OF this
Terrestrial and Lunar Signal Service Bll-
rcau was treated as feasible scheme. al
though practical difficulties, which SO
often keep men from making fools oil
themselves stood in the way Of actual eX-
pcrimcnt: but the discussion was kept
I'M at intervals. until il was discovered
that if there were people III the moon
they must be able to live without breath
ing, or eating. or drinking. Then 1t
ceased.
There can be no life without air. BCau-
tiful to the eye of the distant observer.
! the moon is a sepulchral 0rb-a world of
death and silence. No vegetation clothes
its vast plains of stony dcsolation. trav
ersed by mOustrouS crcvaSSeS. broken by
enormous peaks that rise like giganil;
! tOmbstOnes into space; no lovely forms
of cloud float in the blackneSS OF its sky.
There daytime is only night lighted by
rayles> sun. There is no rosy dawn III
the morning, no twilight in the evening.
The nights are ptch-dark. In daytime
the solar beams are lost against the Jagged
ridges. the sharp points of the rocks, or
the steep sides of the profound ably sses :;
and the eye sees only grOtesquc shapes
relieved against fantastic shadows black
as ink, With none of that pleasant "rada-
ton and diffusion Of light, none OF the
subtitle blending of light and shadow.
which make the CHAIN OF a terre-tri;l
landscape. 4 faint conception of the
horrors of q lunar day may be formed
from an illustration representing land
scape taken in the moon in the center of
the mountainous region of AristarchuS.
There is no color, nothing but dead white
and black. The rocks reflect passively
the light of the sun; the craters ana
ADVISES remain wrapped in shade; IAN
tastc peaks rise like phantOms i'll their
glacial cemetry; the stars appear IKE
spots in the blackness Of space. The
moon is dead world; she has no at
mosphere. -Harper's Magazine for Harch.
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
How Government Debtors Make 1t
"Square" in Japan.

A native japanese merchant named
Yamashinya, a resident in \ Yokohama,
but with business houses in Jedde,
Ozaka and Nagasaki, committed suicide
short time since. He was indebted to the
government for a sum of 5000, 600 by nom
payment of duties and other financial de-
faults. Officers were sent to arrest him,
but. knowing his fate as dishonest trad
er, he anticipated the action of the law oy
making out statement of his liabilities
and future intentions, which he personal
ly left at the War Office, and then return
ed to his house and disemboweled him
self. Hardly was he dead when the OFF,
GERS. sent in haste by the department. ar
rived to seize him, but, baked in their
object, took his keys and books, and
placed guards in the possession of ms
property. The japanese Gazette, which
records the case adds, very naiyely: 1--WE
hear other instances of self-destructior
rumOred." This is really terrible tale
Of he result of twingcs Of conscience. Il
is to be hoped that neither the falling no
its remedy wi extend in or TO our Chris
tan land. What would the Coroners IL
in the matter of fragmentary evidence
Shocking, even to think Of it.-N J
Herald,
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
Mexico and Its New President.

We took President Lerdo of Mexico to
be man of work. In referring recently
to Homans' CyclOpedia of Commerce, we
found that all the information there cOmpil-
ed on Mexico was derived from the works
ofthis same Lerdo de Tejada. Buta let
teri the Tribune complains that his ad-
ministratiOn is not working administra-
ton. but spends its time i'm attending ban
ouets and receptions, to the neglect of the
state business. So OnOtoriOus has this be-
come that Lerdo appears in caricature as
the festive president. These ftasts of the
Mexican nobility are beyond description,
and throw quite into the shade any of our
extravagances in that line. The richest
man in Mexico, Senior EscandOn, recently
entertained l 900 guests, setting table of
400 covers, etc. Meanwhile the elements
of social discomfort are perilously plenty:
Think OF this fact, that the whole landed
property is held by l50, 600 families, out Of a
population of nine or ten m lions, the
majority of whom are little better treated
than slaves! This vast substratum of un-
derlings, with passions all molten with
ages OF oppression, is what keeps the vol,
cano in eruption This is the material
any who will confiscate the property OF
the hated Spanish landlords and which
maintains in the heart of the country stub
born little Indian communities that sue
cessfully defy the control of the govern
ment. One of these communities, not
content with defensive operations, is now
in the field with 10000 men, 20 pieces o
artillery. and the rebel Lozada at their head
10 deal with these causes of social disturb
ance and with the disturbances themselves
Lerdo seems not sufficiently active. Su
perior to Juarez in learning and more ami
able than he in disposition, he seems in
ferior to him in administrative quality
He was evidently in the right place as chlt
justice of the supreme court. 1t is We
however. too soon tojudge positively of hi
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22
The Land Of Ophir.

Among the wonderful discoveries that
turn all eyes toward Africa, it is thought
with considerable confidence that the
Ophir of the Bible has been identified in
the gold region which exists between the
ZambeZi and LimpOpO rivers in south
eastern Africa. This region has been pc
culiarly inaccessible, being held by the
Metabel;; nation, fierce and warlike pee
pie who originated in the Zulu l. nd, and
sweeping nOrthward, conquered it, and
have prohibited, on penalty of death, all
foreigners from examining its auriferous
capabilities. But On the death of their
King UmzihkaZi, about, three years ago,
their jealous strictness has been little
relaxed, and elephant hunters, particu-
larly Mr.. Hartley have partially explored
the region and brought back wonderful
accounts. Carl Mauch, the German geol-
Ogist and explorer, some time ago made
fiying trip into the same country and
sent accounts of certain remarkable ruins
and ancient mine shafts to Petermann,
the geographer, who gave his published
sanction to the identification of this re-
gion with the ancient Ophir. Sir Robert
Murchison inclines to the same opinion.
! The records of the earliest Portuguese
navigatOrs mention extensive ruins to the
southwark of the Zambezi, which they
supposed to have marked the palaces of
the Queen of Sheba. Rev. Josiah Tyler,
the missionary, whose station is but few
hundred miles south Of this gold cOun-
| try. corrObOrates the probabilities of in
teresting discoveries, archaeological among
the rest, which promise to make this, as
well as other parts of Afr.ca famous In
the near future. He regrets, however,
the very hasty observations of Carl
Maucf, leaving it i'm doubt whether the
ruins alluded to may not belong to the
early Portuguese adventurers.
We know that King Solomon had
the rendezvous of his foreign navy, the
ships of Tarshish, in the Red sea, and that
his Phenician ally, Hiram of Tyre, ''senl
in the navy his servants. shipmen that haC
knowledge of the sea, with the servants Of
Solomon" and that they brought bach
from Ophir, not only gold in abundance
but 'great plenty of almug-trees and pre-
cious stones, also silver, ivory, apes ant
peacocks." Much the same sort of traffic
comes down from that region now especi
ally if the ancient almug tree may be th'
ebony, the precious stones. diamonds
and the peacocks may be extended to in
clude ostrich feathers and parrots.
The speediest connection between tn
United States and Port Natal on that coas
at the present time is via Suez canal ant
|, Alden on the Red sea. According t
Hcrodotus, Pharaoh Necho, king Q
Egypt, about 200 years after Solomon
having built the original of the presen
f Suez canal, circumnavigated Africa, an
, probably long before this, the Phenician;
i most renowned mariners Of the Olde
. times, had knowledge of this African coas
1t corresponds. too, with the long vOyae
10 Ophir and back, that it should be in
: land distant as this. for "Once in thrt
D years came the navy of Tarshish," accor,
$ ing to the books of the Kings.
1 So while Arabia and India and Spail
and evA Peru. have been rival claiman
Richland beacon., 1873-03-22

for Identification with the land of Ophir,
the probabilities multiply that it was this
table-land between the ZambeZi and Linn
pOpo rivers i'm Africa. At any rate, il
there is gold there now, it will soon be
found, Overhauled, and put into circula-
ton, and with it probably some equ lily
valuable additions to the worlds knOwl-
edge of itself and its history. - Springfield
Nnssl ReplblicnH