New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-07-16
THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION.
4, FARMING IN BOHEMIA.

HITTER HORSkH, IT'S BUILDINGS AND fIElDS-lltb
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY - THE BEET-RooT
SUGAR MANDATORY AND THE BREwERY-DN-
NKR AND SPEECHES BY AMERICANS.
,rnom AN oooAsoAL CORRESPONDENT OF THE rRDUNEl
VIENNA, June M.-Through the kindness of
the Ritter Horsky Horckysfeld, gentleman widely
known in Europe very successful farmer the agri-
cultural jury Of the Exposition lately made an excursion
TO his large farm in Bohemia about 400 miles rom thS
city. The excursiOnsts, numbering nearly loO' iei'
Vienna in a special train provided for the purpose
Friday evening last. and reached Koin, in bohemia
city historical interest the place where freue'k
the Great was defeated at early hour tine next
morning. Kohn poturesGuely situated on 'ne ie'
bank OF the Elbe and the side OF large PLAIN
many miles m extent The spots Of sand on the MIL
sides show the probable formation OF the
earth in this vicinity, and everything points
10 the suppOsuOn that the large Vsney
was once shallow lake IdrainnG the rolling
county that surrounds It, more beautiful farming
district il seldom seem tue land is smooth and free from
rocks occasional patches Of woodland break the
monotOny the shaven hills, and everywhere large
fields OF grain and tubers add their varied shades Oh
green to the landscape Every foot of land is cult
waited; there is little waste ground the farm OF
Herr Horsy lies north Of Kon aud extends across the
large plain 1t contains 5000 acres, OF which 1850 Is
woodland and the rest devoted 10 the cultivation OF
the susarbeet, grain vines, and hops and only 400
waste land and space occupied by the ROADS,
sion OF this years ago. and purchased 1t for the
small SUN OF 10000 forms. Tue yearly products now
amount to value exclusive Of the profits OF the
sugar mandatory the estate and the proprietor has
invested about 100000 improvements When De TOOK
the farm il was nearly all morass and pasture land al
most entirely uDproductive and comparatively worth
less BY scientific system OF drainage and by the en-
ployment OF chemical manures and other agents
Herr Horsky has succeeded IN bringing the
sand up to the highly productive state indicated
by the Of the yearly crop. The venerable agrcu-
turalst NOW years Of and his whole lie mas
been spent IN earnest study OF tho means Of promoting
the successful cultivation of the land Of his native dis
trct His own brilliant financial is but part OF
the material reward he has obtained he is knight OF
several orders decorated with medals and crosses and
is member and officer of large number Of scientific as
sooiatiOns.
From Koin private railway leads to one OF the nve
farms that form the large estate and, after ride OF
quarter Of hour through fine deer park, the excur-
sion party reached Karollnen Hall where the host met
and welcomed the visitors under trumphal arch OF
farm products. The long, low farmhouse with widely
projecting roof gayly adorned with buntiDgand the
Austrian cOors hoated from the enormous haystaeks
that oyertopped barns in their gigantic proper
tons The farm-yard was animated beyond description
on either side were ranged hundreds of machines carts
and barrOws while the fire department in polished he'll
NETS and neat uniforms drawn up with the
engines IN the middle. Dark-eyed Bohemian peasant
girls, dressed DlaLe
the doors and windows. with the crowds OF labor
ers trooped barefooted over the fields. The welcome
general and hearty one. forecast Of the generous
hospitality OF the gallant host shown at every moment
of the day The farm-buidiDgs peculiar, and will
bear description. The sheep-barns simple roofs,
built upon ground and rising TO the hight OF com
and A-half house Tho interior 10 roo,y, vol"
ventilated and in every respect comfortable Inc large
hayOarn has open stoopEe attachments on either slde
formed by the OF the roof TO within SIX or
eight Of the ground and these stoops are used to
stow machinery in TO dry hops In one of these
fesooned with evergreen the tables set for break
fast Toe farmhouse itself is built of brick and mortar
in about equal parts the roof being Of wood 1t per
haps $50 long, aud in the form OF wOsOry main
building used for tue farmers dwelling and two long
story and aha wings. In these wings are the cattle
stalls The cattle tied up in Enclosures of movable
bars, around which 1 a wide passage.
The manure is only shOveled out at long
Intervals but is allowed TO remain and TO
be trodden hard by the feet OF the cattle until
bank Of compost built up too high be convenient
The cattle are tedded generously with straw cut in
lengths Of FIVE or six inches and by their weight they
mack the compost so hard that there is little perceptibe
Odor This bed OF imbibes all the liquid ana the
advantages OF this system obvious. The fodder
troughs hung chains that their hight can be
adjusted Iron traps in the walls at frequent Intervals
serve as venators and the shutters OF these are worked
simultaneously by an ingenious arrangement OF wires
and levers. TIE large watering troughs which are
ranged along the walls, filled by similar contrivance
TO work the traps The ceiling worthy the notice and
the imitation Of the farmers The flooring timbers
not more than foot apart and these rest arched
tiles which are covered with a layer Of sand and lime
waste and then with flooring Of Fat brick tiles The
ceiling is thus perfectly hreproof and the roof may
burn of without harming the cattle. The horses are
kept in similar quarters in the other wing, and the
nure is treated the as in the cattle barn.
The cattle are mostly onghorned, wildlooking white
heh tall and angular
They are said 70 be active and good workers. but appear
Anees are against them.
Behind the farmhouse the host had arranged
hibtion Of working machinery exactly after the plan Of
our agricultural fair trials, and the display pic
turesque TO say There were in all thirysix
machines OF which hirtytwo are Of his own invention
and manufacture. The examination OF the machines /
was intensely interesting. In this collection OF imple-
1nents rude as they we're. beaten out by the heavy
hammers OF the blacksmhs saw the results OF
lifelong search for means lessen the manual labor
Of cultivation and very perfect adaptation Of the in
veutions to the exigences that demanded them Some
idea Of the inventive power Of Herr Horsky may be
gathered from the fact that his cultivators and
plsws number sixty-two patterns and large number
OF other machines are of his invention and bear his
name The pillow in common and the only one
AoAp'ea TO the light sandy soil OF the farm Is con-
struced on principle of Herr HOrskys invention The
snare Is an upright square plate, slightly curved and
paeeu Cd small angle, perhaps 20 degrees, with the
line OF 'he DEAN This share does not polish and does
not consequently turn the soil much, but strs 1t
up 70 the depth OF six eight inches Behind this
are Ooeu Two nat perpendicular bars from foot to Is
inches long the lower three inches being out and
bent inward at angle OF AZ oeorees These act as
subsOers stirring the deep so and not bringing IL TO
The surface ms method Is according TO Herr HOrsky,
the proper node OF WORKING light soils He packs the
surface by means OF small rollers hardly foot in diam