davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1873-10-24
l'l ! ir. raf.p.I ...tt.t
l'n so o. If .hIc an. i. .

Don C.Nptrr "u-LrAiN, oA-tnpt ,.l-Gou-
Of tho Ever Fai ht,l l-llud OF Ctta, lott liI,.ua
yesterday Tor TITS wort. on ni- way g. ain. H."
Is the hfh represcututNe Of Spain IN cuba who
has given up in desi air The impossible task of
suppressing or oAteruliattIul lic E.B nt tuhsu4.
II Is presumabe mat ne comes W.th wcd sued
pockets, for he wDuid oe the G.si Cnptoin-Gc1
eril who ever left tuhn wthout Eolug f.. th-
cred his nest on his arrival here he wit iourf-
less visit Washington, VIII 70 - cour-o &c VIII
he warmly welcomed by our Spanish Secretary
Of state, and all the other ohedient servants of
Spanish tyranny in America. His arrival l.
anxiously awaited by all in Washington WHO
fondly romenhcr now literally tho late sp0ui- ID
Mnis,er, Don LoPEH RoBEUTs, distributed span
ish douboous "where they would do most
good
The sun., 1873-10-24
attacked ia fully three times as great as It in


Tho New Orleans journal 0f Mcdi-inc for
April. 1861 gives the following facts and ngurcs
concerning t.ir ravases of the yellow fever In
tnnt CITY dunn. lMo procclIns Nnnr.
The sun., 1873-10-24
IN CONCLUSION.

II has been shown from good medical authorl-
" that hlth does not originate yellow fever, and
that frost does not put an end To the fever. IL
may be added that the FIRST frosts increase tn o
mortality, whatever may be their alter effects
upon the health Of the community. II has also
been shown. medical authority to tho contrary,
that yellow fever " spread by personal Infection
aud that rigid quarantine is protection
against the disease. The facts concerning the
present epidemic when collated will. | am con-
ynced, bear out these conclusions.
A word or two uf warning to those who con-
template visiting cities where the scuurge has
OF an experienced and skilful physician Of New
Orleans that even after the atmosphere has been
purified, the germ VI the disease llngers In houses
where 10 has PREVAILED. aud unacClmated per-
sons are liable to take 10, and thus he tho cause
perhaps Of again inpre gnatng the atmosphere
The sun., 1873-10-24


the interest excited In tho Edst by the recent
attempt OF the Central Pacific Ring TO control
the elections In that state. and the ienominious
defeat ~ the monopoly. Will aid to secure from
Congress next winter thorough investigation
into the affairs Of that railroad COMPANY. Tho
Contract and Finance Company, regarding which
the r. cadcrs Of THE SrN have lad a good dead ~
interesting Information IL the special feature of
Central Pacific affairs which requires overhaul
ing. The san Francisco Bullctm thinks that tn"
Credit Moblier was a very mild sort Of concern
"a c mpared wl.h the Contract and T,u1r .r
COMPANY, which IL dcsignatc- a- a coutrifau 20
for abs, rliug an the a.scts II the Central Pc
cihc Railroad. This company consisted of only
I've men who had not probably moro than
$l00,toO among them when they undertook the
work Of building the railroad when they had
completed the line each one Of the hve was
worth his millions. Not only this, bat they have
made The r4Iroad built as rullc ftuds ar
engine f,r expressing tho rcoihc hci ond eu-
durance. Their last EFFORT to control theu. lit. o.
Of the state having failed. however, q j. hoped
with some show II reason that the fraudulent
means through which they acquired tncir colos-
sal fortunes. and were enabled e. thrust such
tools ot their as.ANLoS 4. S,RGFNT into tie
United states senate. viii receive moro alton
ton from Con.re-- than could be oxpcct,d
while they held IN their hand tho whole ROLE
cal power 90 state II is chiefly tlc Govoru-
ncnt or rather tho tfxp1vcrs ~ the United
States who have been swlndied hy these cous'.'-
ratore and n there is any rerarl fr ruhlc
| opinion in Wa-h.u-tuu means w.l' ho found %
compel them 20 dl- gorge thc'r ii--nf.on rnitt
| desultc the EFFORTS olich o., ftu ui '..ii.n .-
certain to make ,n their honaiC
Gen. GnN.T cotnplUiNod ."..tf- o. D.
The sun., 1873-10-24

JouN RAY, KELLOGG state Senator.
who has just returned To Louisiana, says that
after several protractcd interviews with rresl-
dent GRANT and with Senator MoKroS, he thinks
that 1t ia the determination OF GRANT members
OF Congress TO sustain the KELLOGG Govern
ment, and that piNCuuA,K will bc admitted to
seat In the United 81 t.tc- Senate at the az
prOaching session.
The sun., 1873-10-24

Among the military there were 9i3 deaths out
OF lyO to l,llO cases. The deaths from other
fcyers darling this period aygrc gated lg,
The number II cases treated by the Howard
Association was 4lsa-dicd. $40; recovered,
ass. Relief was granted To d.lg1 other persons.
The mortality of these cases was eight per cent.
less than NJ Charity Hospital and among the
United states troops, but perhaps larger than In
private practice. The Journal, from the stats
tics given, figured up an approximation OF 1850
cases or about twenty-1ve per cent. OF the actual
that there were nearly 6O.01 cases during the
season. The mortality Of yellow fever cases was
eight per cent in 1887, against TWENTY-FIVE per
cent. In 1863. The decrensd mortality IN lsB, s
attributable to a mldcr form of the disease,
more rational treatment, careful nursing, aud
lpss medication IN
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
THE SCHOOL PRINTING,

Attention is inviled to the letter
from the State Superintendent Of Free
Schools which we publish this morning.
Some days ago we desired TO know by
what authority all Of the printing rela-
ting to the recent school election was
don. in Charleston. Colonel BYRNE
replies that the printing WAS ordered by
him because he feared that anless the
necessary blanks were furnished at
once from Charleston, some OF the
counties and districts would not be sup
piled in time for the election. We are
willing 10 give the Stale Super
intendent credit Tor good mo-
tive and very csiially acqult
him OF any Intentional wrong. And
II the interests OF the schools have
been really served By the rather extra
ordinary plan Of printing and distribute
ing blank posters, poll books, ballots
and certificates OF election, we mske no
complaint.
1t has doubtless come 10 Colonel
BYRNE's knowledge. however, as 1t has
to ours, that in come instances wrongs
were perpetrated by the use Of the ball
lots sent ont from the Superintendent
Office. The ballots were sent from
Charleston 10 the several County Su-
periotendents, many Of whom were cam
didates for reelection. These gentle
men immediately wrote their own names
upon the tickets aad distribute
ed them in this shape to the
school distric.s Competing candi-
dates wrre thus ;:AcrJ st u decided
disadvantage, aud ia some cases it is
distinctly charged that the Successful
men owe their majority solely to this
improper use OF the tickets furnished
by the State.
This is but one of the objections that
may be urged against the plan pursued
in regard to the printing for the recent
election. There are others equally CO.
gent. But az it is not probable that
the practice will be repeated, it is
scarcely woath while TO give it any fur
Their attention at this time.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
,le ,:cgtuuin.s of SIcknas,.

Never tribe with what sic called small
ailmc Is. \ iii Ordlr easy o. control al first
if neg, ctc.l 10: II ,ew weeks may lccome
m0.tu disease. &c especially careful not 10
let debility gain upon yon, Tor 1t Is the door
through which ell malad!es enter the sy;-
lem. Ii you feel lapguid, inert, aud 10 use
a common expression. "aS IL there was no
lie in YOU" resort at once 10 Hostetter's
Stomach kltters. That great vegetable tonic
will supply The vitality you so urgently
need. 1t Is nerve food. BY its tonic action
the stomach is soinvigorated that dige ton
becomes regular, easy. perfect; while $
mild, cathstic properties relieve the bowels
from distractions, and its alternative opera
ton beneticially affects ali the sectetive
organs. For the miSeries of dyspepsia, and
they include almost every unpleasant feel
ing that belongs 10 PHYSICAL disease and
mental wretchedneSs, This potent tonic Is a
certain aud speedy balm. auE&O
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23

JEFF DAVIS, OF Confederate fame
passed through Huntington last week
creating quite sensation. While there
our old friend G W. Holderby and
John Reed called to see him. Daring
their chit-chat, Lawyer Msyse, OF
Bath Co, Va, having abont tnree
sheets Ia the sind, went to The widow
OF their room, and see NJ them IN c,cce
converSalior cried cut at the toy OF
us vo.Ie: He'll j. 10 pay there IL
another reheii,o:. hrew'ng - C"'tE
Court, Press
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23

By the way, that idea OF the Charles
ton Comier's that it is much more econ
omical for the people of the State to
have marriage licenses and other blanks
printed in one central Office and paid
for out OF the State Treasury, than to
have small lots printed in fifty offices
and paid for by the counties. IS rather
neat when you come to examine 1t.
There is always something attractive to
q small purchaser in the assurance that
be is getting his goods at wholesale
prices, and as the State is merely aa ag
gregation OF individuals, it must follow
that what is the interest OF one man
- ala, the interest OF the Stale And
then. when taxes gre paid t-ey may IS
well be paid into the STATE treasury as
into those o. the several c1nntles, and,
indeed, where is the use Of having
counties at all when the government
can be administered 80 mrch more
cheaply in sort OF wholesale way by
the State than by the small aud ex-
pensive county organizations. Lock at
the matter of public printing Gas this
has been already referred to- ss an ex-
annie of the benefits TO be derived
from the proposed plan. lhere are
more than fifty counties IN 'he STATE ana
the officers OF each are cohpe'e" 70
nave certain legal blanks printer 'or
their convenience. Why rot ave al.
TINS ""-h don IL o'e o"'':' "n' F'''
Tor !r1m iEe H.A'e treasury nc l"o-
gle have I" pay Tor II " ne co. AKA
W"Ht htF'"'e "'es L ~ '"s ~ :" .'
~"r'her the cot . '"'' 'F.''''s II W.
cnlef IN '"ci7 $40 YAK "r ~ '""'
tu'Y ply to tne c3iH'N ;
AID the ida may l." tN:en - 'l'i.
t.r,;.r. They are abou; i - oe"spa-
,.,-s j., The State. c.ca o. wh:cH is &C
.. .:or,,iy favored with lew squares G.
.,..g.o "a vsr,,s:n, Wv not . N. 81 date
,.....,..,s,.,.,s ;o.s ,ne 10 he .tyled
g 3d.. c,,tr f the SAFE" ari I&us 'ur-
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
PROSPECTS

From the treatment Of the question
OF immigration at the hands of!he pres
ent Legislature, whose adjourned session
resumes next month, it were idle TO
RELY upon any official encouragement
during the term OF this misguided body.
4 nd since it is agreed by all intelligent
citizens, without respect to party, that
the Introduction of foreign cspi;al, en-
terprise and population hiss become an
imperious necessity 10 the development
of our unsurpassed resources, why rot
apply ourselves to the question at once
and ascertain what can be done toward
the purpose by private enterprise
Why should not the several railroad
companies operating or chartered in
our State, eur Agricultural societies,
our incorporated cities, manufacturing
and improvement companies, send
delegates to an immigration convention,
in pushing western style, and devise a
plan to secure that boon which the
State has officially neglected for a
number Of almost nrepGrable years.
The contribution OF each Of those in
stitutions 10 the sum necessary !or a
practical and successful Immigration
Society ,wouli be comparatively trltl;ng,
and would soon return a hundred old
We cannot in this article, which Il
slresdy extended beyond our first in'
tention, enter into the suggestion Of
executive deteila, but propose 10 DO so,
and to demonstrate tbs pn.ire practical
bility OF the scheme, so soon rs We fee
encouraged by the voice OF our contem-
poraries throughout the State.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
TIC COEcc,
goHl Dlggcrs Wnntcd.

400 Htts u...'iE 70 C-T.i., jul
-tt receive AID :Cg ale hy
aus.l ". REILLY.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
Mothers, nothers, Mothers.

Don't fail to procure MRS. WISSLOW'S
sOprElNG SYRUP for all diseases incident
10 the Period OF teething in children. 1t re-
lieTes the child from pain, cures wind colo,
regulates The bowels, and by giving relief
aud health 10 the child, gives rest 10 the
mother.
Be sure and call for
"MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP
For sale by all druggists. deyb
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
I.C. O. T. Funeral Notice

Ui) The OFFICERS AND MEMBE"S
l of Eureka Lodge No. I3, !. o. o +. on
are hereby rcspcctfIlIlv notified 10 meet AZ
the did Fellows Hall (S!h ward, on Sunday
the G4.h inst, at one o'clock p. NJ, 10 pay
the last tribute OF respect to our deceased
brother, James s. Montgomery. Members
OF sister Lodges are rcspccliui!y lHEltra 90
attend. JOHN bAN4N' ~. -
Al. SCHULIZ. SEC. aUg.3-Q
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
Caution to Liquor Dealers.

HEREBY CAUTION ALI PERSONS
against giving or selling any Hqqor or
intoxicating beverage 10 my husband Geo
Stewart. ANY person or persons VINO dls-
regard this notice, and either sell or give 10
my husband any Intoxicating drinks, WA
he prosecuted 10 the jUilest tX'ert OF tue
law. JAHE ksIE Al,
WuEEJTNG. Aug. 81, 1873. aUg-3
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
OUR PARKERsBURG Immigrants.

The 65 Pfussian Poles VINO came
here consigned to Mr.. Debar about two
months ago, have all but one or two
employed in the Pomeroy mines, re-
NAMED in and about our city, where
they have been almost constantly a!
work ever since at remuaerstive wages.
All seem to enjov excellent health and
are content enough with heir lot to
write encouragingly to their riends al
home. Some have even so lar improved
their circumstances, as to be able 20
send money home 10 bring over their
nearest relatives, and we apprehend
that it will not be long before we learn
that the greater part Of them are at tie
head of a one hundred acre farm each,
somewhere among our West Virginia
hills, ard supplying Our markets with
the fruits OF the soil This is the usual
way; no other way will ever bring
West Virginia out o. the woods, aud
vet while every man Of sense coDcedes
this, encouragement to immigration is
necessarily tolled by the want Of the
comparatively paltry sum required for
!ts support.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
aug23
Notice to Merchants and Others.

LII PERSONS INTERESTED ARE
n hereby notified that Vim. Adler is I'M
reliable and not 10 be trusted. Having run
a grocery bill 10 the amount OF SiQ az iny
store, and refusing 10 pay, attached MS
wages, upon which ne swore out an exempt
ion paper, thereby making me pay the
costs, and proving himself untruStwo,lhy'
ang23-n HENRY SHAFER.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
1fhr UE s.tEs.- rs

DFMAINrNG UEHLAiN'D - Ti;&
Is rostonice at Whcciiu-. saturday. A..
To ont in any OF the rpIiowirg. tn "'.u f.
cant will please call los aiv.rt.-.i let
CivITg date of this / {.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
Board Of commissioners.

nor OHIO COUNTY, WILL HOLD a
4 special meeting. al their IoOn ii the
Court House. on Monday, August 9th, AT
10 O'Clock 4. II. BY order Of The Pre-. ident.
CHAS. Il. CECIL,
snp32-r C.eTl.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
IMMIGRATION.
AIsaiion Colonization In West Wiz.
ginia.

AIsafion Colonization In West Wiz.
ginia.
From the Parkersburg Times.
We regret to learn that this enter
prise from which we had hoped so
much for our State, has not yet assumS
ell form in which it may be safely re-.
garded as a fixed fact. Two months
ago it enjoyed promises Of sufficient
financial encouragement TO warrant the
hope OF speedy and successful con-
summation, but.rnfortuuately, when the
critical moment arrived to decide upon
a location for the first colony, one or
more rings, not heretofore visible to
the naked eye, asserted their claims 10
control and brought everything to a
dead halt. 1t was then discovered that
the promised financial backing was
subject to a mental reservation, and
would not be forthcoming in the shape
OF actual greenbscks, unless certain
tracts OF land in which the rings were
interested were adopted by the sssocia'
ton. AS might have been expected
the lands were offered either at dishon-
est prices or in impractical localities,
and az their adoption was sine qua
non OF the financial support, the associ-
alton of necessity Dissolved to be recon
structed upon a new basis that would
dispense with New York city rings.
As matters now stand the committee Of
location Of which cur late Commissioner
of Immigration, Mr.. Debar, is chair
man, have determined to establish the
fret Colony somewhere in the Kanawhs
valley or farther east on or near the
line OF the Chesapeake d ONO r. r,
provided the land owners in that Sec
ton will assent 10 the terms upon which
the company propose to secure the
land. Ii is to be hoped that these
terms which could not be more accepta-
bic and more conducive to the advant-
age OF both parties, will be promptly
accepted by the land owners. wIo csn
never expect to dispose, within the span
of this generations life, OF their large
waste estates, except through en- organ
izalion that will seek the settlers at the
sources OF immigration and bring them
directly to the spot where they are
wanted. Much valuable time has
already been lest since the inauguration
of the new State, in discussing and
attempting hall way measures in this
matter Of immigration, in which almost
every State interested in it is reaping
the just reward o. earnest, practical
and well directed effort.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
TIE WORLD RENOWNED
WILSON sewing MACHINE,

TaUes the BIS EIbbOn at
Vienna. 1t ii tie peoples Ear
chine which has won this
triUEspfg,giIicia only confirms
The ycr5siCt that the MASSES
ha,; IoEag ago rcmctod by .ctT-
al experience. aus23
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23

6IG n O0PFR DAYi Agents wanted.
iSO w HOAll classes Of working people,
vi either sex, young or old, make more
money at work for rs In their spare mo
ments, or all the time, than at anything
else. Particulars free. Address:
u. STlSsOS & CO.. Portland, Mama
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
oates OF ADVERTISING
THE DAILY REGISTER
ne souare-M Inch space.


.,a 75IOpe month.......S 90
Ttso times. -. Is Three months. ~ 0O
One week .........- 2 50 One year.......-.- % w
One square changeable ence a week soO'
special Notices Is per cent asdltional. q,
Advertisements TO occupy liked places -
r Cuts will be charged double for space oc'
cupied. .,.s IN NOR
Double column advertisements GU per
cent additional. , In, IN
Local Notices Is cents per line--0w no
,ae1l NOTES toiH be inserted Jor less hdh ONE
DOLLAR. ,oN,,shad
All Advertisements,exc except for esta?ilsnesa
business houses, must be paid ior IN Ao'
vance. o,,.a ~
th- advertisement. ,,,
Biils with regular advertisers rendered
quarterly. .o,,a,,od 70
their Legitimate business, and all adVer-
tIsemsnts not connected with IL Will De
charged for at ourregular rates.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
NEW ADVERTISER
Fourth Street d. z. Church.

PREACHING SUNDAY. AT l01I A. NJ,
by Rev. r. 8. DeHass, u. ID. No services
at night. Sunday School at 2 P. NJ. All are
cordially invited. auSEN
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
Northern Pacific R, R.
fret E20RTGAGE GOLD BONDS,

" ...r Screen TIIrCeA eHtus cenI coin interest
g--o &c believing Gl2leUts OF Security;
obligation Oh strong corporate
r..E...ziy
- c ga Eai mortgage Oh I'll Road, Its Right OF Way
Line, Equipments and Franchses
Tcy E; Hen cn thc rrainc or net EARNINGS Of the
TeCsiFstS OF the Unlen.Centrai Pncihc
ROAD second year Of business, were equal 20 nine
estisNtas cost Of the Northern Pacific
r. Icy HTIt ana ONLY mortgage Oh all the Lands
-srsa.g IGfnGHySsaOunttnS, the completion OF
;aitaU. &HGG0 liIe OF track. Sold a
price yc&!iEed by other grants these lands will
times total
Mi2 times convertible ut 10
E7 tOmpauy's Hands AT market prices.
EuE!Ga States EIve.FweRty Bonds
49,. -.r. l..s tDEEElf,5:g PACIFKO SEEEN-THIRTIES,
Immediate handsome profit, and Increasing
G.asr. ys~iy Interest income nearly ONE-THIRD.
.ss'..T iiEsii: Tor delivery by
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
ESR nGnEAEsVi.LE.

yIiHB STEAMBOAT MAEKHT COX
viii leave y i,,lin@w!Iar.s'1' - o'clock
SUNDAY In0rnin~. or 20 la'rr AM "o"u">-
vile, and VIII sSu let'u Wine. NJ "hHi!
atli5 O'Clock in 10" .iLr noon.
Exclusion iicEc. = - cent.
WM. PORTER, CaT:ain.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
4. O. MOIHGsE

TO- GBLs. PRIME T CHO,C", ICR
TiEGLF& IHUNtf.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1873-08-23
sEcUIN INSTITUTE

l7rE FIR let (JLN TsNFl
HgE PATRONS or THIS SUBSTITUTION
arereSrGctUiiy reminded that the next
scholastic ear begiIS Monday, August 9Th.
P.rcu!SG 5si-1uS {. securing .Ur thEir Gaugh.
Igrs The benefits Ola Did and reinei edu.
cation, wI.u part GUAR SupecyIs at over
then morals AID HGIn.I., viii have 10
reason to regret ltCir choice Of this popular
institute, Whose location is 50 cOnYe lent
IN Cou,su Of IEStTGc ion comprises all the
branches Ola tinOCgE English education,
also fI,uc1, German, Mus!: ant Fancy
Work
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1873-07-02
Gamse OF fne .uodoe Var.

Hon. ]. X. Luttrell, congressman
elect from the Third California dis
trict, writes to Commissioner Smith,
of the Indian bureau, an account of his
recent visit TO the scene Of the Modoc
war, and says he has been able to ar
rive at only one conclusion in refer
ence to it, namely, that it was caused
by wrongful acts OF bad white men.
lie was informed, on what seemed TO
him reliable authority, that the Mo-
docs were compelled TO slaughter
their horses for food on tho Klamath
reservation, and having exhausted
their means OF subsistence were then
compelled by hunger TO seek the fish.
ing and bunting grounds in their old
reservation on Lost river. Mr. Lut-
trcll urges an investigation into the
causes OF the Modoc war, and regrets
TO say that never was there time
since the organization Of the govern
mcnt that there was so much corrup.
tion and swindling, not only to the
government and people, hut to the
Indians, as is to-day being practiced
in the Indian reservation on the Pacific
coast. N.
1t was scarcely necessary for Mr.
Luttrell to writo this addcndum. 1t
is scarcely reasonable to expect Indian
agents to be honest when the highest
offices Of the government are recling
with corruption, and sending forth
fctid smells from innumcrable jobbing
transactions. If an honest one could
be found our department at Vienna
could bo easily completed.