, 1873-05-25

Z 4A1 - II1lctIoo
ins what is not in it,. CeTtainly no -euch case is
known to us. But there is still another ques-
ton. Does all which is In it necessarily come
out of it in every case? do not think it does.
Though nothing can como ont Of tho egg but
that which the oge brings from its ancestry, it
does not necessarily unfold all the capacities in
closed Within it. ....> '~. p.
THE QUESTIONS or onldIN., =.
How those powers originated is different
question from that OF their maintenance: and
ono for which we Lave as yet no answer. Whether
they can be or ever haye been altered, or added
to, IN tue course Of ages is question which Gun
bo considered only in tho light of. geological
succession aid leaye that part Of tile subject
out Of confederation nov, because it requires
vast srray OF geological and archaeological facts
for which ne may not have time in this course.
con6ne myself now to the history Of tue egg,
tie egg evolves nothing but what it has
received from progenltors, and does not
necessarily evolve that, in overy case, wholly or
uninterruptedly, there being sometimes break
III tho continuity of inherited. fQrtupaB, 1nd q
reproduction Of them after 1aIpsso Of one or
mora generations. - =
From soma OF the facts re have beon consil-
ariny, it would seem doubtful how far tho act Of
fecuudation is ESSENTIAL to all tho phenomena
sccoppany'ng the sroxth ena n production Gf
Of tho egg as q process initiating the formation
Of new being. In number Of species OF fish
have observed that the process OF segmenta-
ton reaches an advanced stage before
stances the new being is certainly initiated
previous to the fertilization Of tho egg. The in
dependent inauehto of the fornale in such . case
Is certainly not limited TO the production of the
egg with yolk OF certain dimensions. She also
without any participation of the malo gives the
frat i,nnl.1aa fhh AfiGn 0f fIn' pHrnn. A
worry interesting fact in connection with this
question Of non-fcrtilized germs has been re-
ported to me again and again BY Intelligent
farmers from the State Board Of Agriculture
ments. I have been assured that if turkey
hen loses her brood she will 1ny another set Of
eggs e7on though there be no male
turkey n the neighborhool, and these eggs
will hatch into perfect brood: Nothing would
be more yalunble to physiology than q careful
record from the practical farmer Of all facts con-
corning breeding. But such observations must
be made with great care, and precautions taken
to eliminate al son1res Of error, It is because
so few people ara in the habit of observing eau
absolute trust the statement Of the gcntlemen
I have quoted, whose word would be Sufficient
voucher in any othor matter. As it ls, their re-
ports have only given me- an intense des.4e to
know the truth about these facts.
ANIMALS THAT INCREASE Be BUDDING AND sE14F-
DIVISION
A)
AsTRAN9A.
! will now turn to another mode Of repfoduc.
ton quite common in the animal kingdom, that
of budding and sef-division. including tue phe-
nomena OF alternate generation, the non-se1ual
mode OF multiplication. There are many Of the
lower animals among which new individuals ara
produced without eggs, the offspring being q
product OF the parent in quite. peculiar senee.
Whether we calf the parent male or female is,
as sou will see point often very difficult of do
csion. II would understand this subject IN
it's details, / refer you to the masterly work Of
Prof. James D. Dana, Of Yale, who has treated it
in more exhaustive manner than any one else.
have time now only for general sketch Of these
curious reproductive processes Of which there
are great variety among Radistes. Some
species Of corals bud from the base, others from
the side; some put out single buds at time.
others produce an e1crescence or bulglnB, out OF
which number Of new individuals may arise
simultaneously. As simple an illustration asI
can give you Is the sea-anemono and tue Astran~
gia. When expanded, the outline Of the body is
somewhat Like open hower-cnp, and the re-
senlblanco il increased by the tentacles around
the upper margin, which remind one OF tho cut
or fringed end Of a flower. A transverse sec
ton across the. body shows you the Pc
culiar radiate structure, all parts radiatins
from the centre to the periphery; from
which nil animals belonging to this lowest type Of
the animal kingdom take their name. The Ano-
none usually buds from tho base, which is some
"Hat gAp.n1oett A1u 6h:ce lag ~ - 4.se s" -
ing. This Attle .swellng' oY successlon o.
changes, graduSliy taxes on all tne teatqles "
the parent animal: aeptsssiSnn 5ahos pace -, s.
tne top o. Ine ~ 5,;ai, tb dt1as,;xa
pas II 11snea m. Men ,,a Is o,t ~ noa s,
tat1s5' III upP 1..t1 L - . p -. 3 s.a
nnu rnoha .sth the rad;at;nr narf;t;nns
sF4,a of ~, hn h In tstranria we hnve lie same
~ Jn ~ - 1,,a5;,,r frn~1 }ha h,sa and 7afa-a7
i1uuo hnds ~ also ds renrasanted in the illus
traIion. Such an individual having
stI.t I;to af ~ a,rr Ano+hor ;rc{ancn r.
npsn tI,at " ~. Astre,ns so named m acconnt Of
~ ..srs1a4,o3 fo71 ~ tha 3itf1a Tta crovd.i
t1,a s1saca ~ Tia arfa coral haada foed
~ t1a;r snarecafo rrrowth STARING 1yit}, a
~ - ;n,s49d1a1 for1n from mn aoo anch cora1
1,nts ont a, hnds svn1metricsIIv d;snosed arounJ
Hf Hftae1f At arst they geem only small sweIIincg:
Int hv Gradual growth and change. such as I
bava hf2ady described in tha Ancmone. they u.s.
anne III the featrreg nf the narent Thev an
iarre become hollow by the Thinning Of the
val, and the cavity thus formed opens into
The central cavity of tho parent BODY. Hayine
reached maturity. they proceed TO multiply bv