New-York tribune., 1873-01-17

g. N we take brass we ought 10 be able 10 distngr ,h
them both for copper does not lose ITS identity IN
position brass and ought 10 observe the ra Of
zinc aud copper There you observe the zine md the
copper intermediate, the spectrum OF the, copper
Take mixture of various substances toge er and we
obtain then complex spectrum which 'ontalns them
now we take half dozen different distances mixed
and project the spectrum on the zen aud you have
the lines belonging to them all oA the at once
illustrating the lscontnu0us srtrun but the spec
troscopist tell the charactri OF all Iapplause
and they may be indivduazed, interfering with
the other.
NEW ELEMENTS DISCOVERED.
While am at the lantern. will produce the spectrum
OF thallium. which substance discovered by Prof
Bunsen and added the list Of chemical elements by
of this method. You will notice that, like the
others, it has single green line Its autograph s plain
Its light ID monochromatic color and find that
at the highest temperature this is the same ss AZ
tne temperature OF ihe oiu,n"iy gas ~ ~ hands
he used II for increasing the knowledge Oh
tRs thS 6ere He sdded two TO the list lie examined
mineral spring water. Looking az 1t with his spectre
scope he noticed blue lines and the element to when
these belonged nc named caesiu, @ from the ia aIn
meaning blueshgray Then there was another element
rubdiTn called so from the fact that had TWO light
red lnes I'm 1851 was discovered the metal thalinm,
named because those I0rgh green lines the color Oh
SSnd pr 6e t Prof Richter ana DR. Wright OF
Freburg discovered another element which was caeu
Not only has This method been applied TO the purpose
for which Prof Bunsen used IT, but has increased our
stances The amount substance which can be found
in this way is wonderful II we take pound Of salt and
eTamme and that is not tho smallest, but OF the
Smallest parts which the chemist can determine BY ms
balance III we this mill gramme and divide t into
100000 parts each OF these is abundanty large to
be discovered by spectrum anayss III we Dnrn stro ron
lionth part of grain may be distinguished; II r, Is di ~
large enough to give vibration to the ether.
THE BEssEMER STEEL PROCESS.
Some years ago it found necessary that steel
should be produced cheaply. Among others who de-
voted their attention 90 it was Mr.. Bessemer Steel
holds an intermediate place between cast iron and
wrought ron In the process Of making wrought iron
there has been time, steel, and the process
could be stopped in the ught place the whole would 9e
steel The process IS an exceedngiy Simple one II ~
consists merely iD burning out the carbon IL therefore
YOU can burn all the carbon but per cent, or less
you obtain steel lie therefore mells the IRON III con
ms mds luV9'S' roll when Won had burned ont
enough carbon. A flame issues from the mouth
OF the converter which IS exceedingly Characteristic
BY applying the specroscope 70 that you may lealn
that blow at the proper time Dr Roscoe appreciated
this and accordingly armed WIN ms spettfq%scope %
a Brothers at Sheffield. After eXaninatiOn he showed
bt te changes of the flame were perfectly definite and
cbaracerstc This process may learn something there
t yocsss s now conducted is carried on I'm this way
The blast OF air Is continued until ali tho carbon Is burned
out, and then "A portion OF lroni ot known weight,
and with known percentage OF carbon Is introduced
convert il into steel This process may be learned from
two diagrams which Will be thrown upon the screen,
bat we may see precise character OF this operation
Tie converter itself is IN esgshaped vessel with the
nozzle at the top, inclined against chimney through
winch the products OF combustion pass. These convert
era arc tipped down. the metal put and then tipped
back Ii is the fame which comes nom them, which IS
TO be examined. At the end or the operation the metal
is run into ingOts and cooled
When the blow begins, the flame is scarcely luminous:
IL is mere glare OF red IL has then marked chac-
ter II gives very FAINT spectrum, any In about
four minutes from the time the blast is let
serve "A flashing through the spectrum or the sodium
line In about a minute ana half after this change,
we discover the lthium aud then the potassium All
these cOlOrs were observed by Mr. Rowan, who
practical operator aud did not know the OF the
lines Tie process goes aud inc flame
becomes more aud more luminous. II We eX-
anime IL then. We shall see a great many
lines II IS intensely luminous, owing TO the silicon
burning Then II gradually changes, and becomes
Signify purplsh and few seconds passes nearly
the same color AS at first. Then the luminous part
bulned ont Tue spectrum correspOndngly changes.
The frst spectrum Is exceedingly simple IL is
about seven or eight minutes AFTER the flame begins.
After the blow continued Tor is minutes,
The spectrum changes 10 the second one shown on the
datn aud the number ~ lines finally increases until
33 have been accurately measured.