New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-06-07

and with all their essential properties lie ,lS 49,,
able TO determine rotatory property III clsei"' A
fold that of pure albumen'
STEMENs REGENERATIvE GAS FURNACE luo
sudden and very material increase IN Inc price VI
coal i'm Great Britain has naturally turned at'en''o"
toward available methods for reducing inc cosu Vi
fuel and the subject of the use OF peat mas poo"
again brought forward very prominently WIN
probability of its extended employment AS the re-
sut of recent Improvement by Siemens, IN MS hegeh
cratiye Gas Furnace it is found that rough aI-dieu
neat even when containing - per cent Oh Watur'
NAV be burned TO advantage in making gas; thuS
oppied il appears more nearly equal to coal, rs to
cards its heating power, than when used III any
other way II has been found that one ton Of pea.
is equal in heating power to at least % per ceuV VI
the same weight of Statfordshire coal WIN tn'S
fuel Mr. Siemens's furnace has been succ9sSlu ,i
aDplied TO the production of iron ana Steel uLoO'J
from the ore and to pOtteries and zinc "OiAS' "'
well as to other branches of manufacture 90, =,
In cases where the manufactures are slluI.cI ~
the vicinity of peat bOgs 1t IS proposed 10 Plo,".
the gas from the peat directly on the spot, ana TO
convey IL i'm pipes TO the places where II i neeueu
The essential principle of the SemensIunace CONSISTS
IN FIRST converting the fuel, peat, or NAttft ols
may be, into combustble gas IN ssgaId;t t tbe
of peculiar construction, and conducting II nIo w
furnace containing the material TO be nsaGu 30 m
then burned with hot air After use, tne lhtehsoy
heated products of combustion are naue 10 PISS
through brick chambers called regehtiatoIs, az az
the heat which would otherwise be WaStea Is cauSE
stored up in the bricks, and subsequently, useH ~
raise the air needed in the operation 10 very hisn
temperature.
FOREST GROWTH IN THE WABASH VALLEY.-ln a
description of the vegetation of the bottom lands OF
the Lower Wabash, Mr. Robert Ridgway gives nu-
merous particulars respecting the dimensions and
habit of the prevalent forest trees. These number
nearly 100 species of which about 70 exceed 40 feet IN
hight. about 80 exceed 20 feet, and nearly % are
known to reach or exceed the hight of 100 feet The
ordinary hight reached by the forest-mass IS about
100 feet; and above this general level, occasional
trees rise to an altitude of 200 feet or perhaps more
The largest of these trees is the sycamore PiaRas
occidentdlis attaining sometimes diameter Oh ~
feet and hight of 200 with the lowest branches W
or 100 feet above the ground. The tulip tree lL"'o
dfndron taIipif7 is the second III size beng ioqhd
1SO feet high, and 81 feet IN circumference SUN
from this tree mentioned a5 measuring 90 loel III
length being straight and symm % zeal, ana tapeIuB
from % feet to IS in circumference Inc latest COT
tonwoOds (P0puls m0niifcrd are equally hlgh; Inc
uecan iCayTg oraef1rmis reaches rs feet in hight
" ith n clean straight trunk of 90 10 ~ tect Among
the oaks the most stately and symmetlcal Is INC
Spanish oak" lQapcuS CocaHed' var, frequently
15Ofeet high and ID TO % feet around; Whlle the
most massive Is the burr oak ~. HdcT0clIpd; OF
equal hight and rather larger diameter Inc whlte
ash follows nearly $50 feet nigh; tIe olach walnut
12j feet high and - feet III clrcut erencc ana
the white oak $40 feet high and over Il N circuit
The tallest tree In proportion to ITS glrth Is ne
gum exceeding an altitude of 100 teet win a cleat
shaft of over 100 feet and 4 maximum circumference
ofI7 or is feet The honey locust atans hight OF 20
feet the red maple exceeds 100 and even sdssaIIdS
has been measured with hlght OF 80 Ieet'
FEEDING OF CRAwFIsH IN PONDs.-In the cultiva-
ton Of crawsh for market purposes in Europe 1t Is
customary to have three ponds or ditches, walled up
with coarse stone of them destined for the one
wear old animals second for those OF two, and
third for those Of three years. These filed for
tbree-fourths of their depth with water stream OF
fresh water being introduced through wooden
trough The fish are fed three times a day. IN the
bitches, with chopped liver and with mixture of
one part -four and two parts bran, which is made up
with water into balls boiled, and then chopped mp
again The refuse Of fish is also used for the older
animals.
Crawfsh like crabs of all kinds are best for food
during their breeding season. when they in
soft shell condition, about the end OF June or begin
ming of July About six years are required to bring
these crabs to maturity. They may be readily kept
| for market purposes for number Of days, by en-
closing them in boxes tubs filled with grass, or
other fresh vegetable matter They must. however,
be quite dry, and not partly immersed in water
According recent writers the female does not re-
produce during the first year. and during the second
thu;ph tbe eggs are visible they do not possess an
en,bryO These are held under the tail by the feet
importation takes place by the Application, on the
part Of the male, of glutlnOus material Inc
female carries the eggs until June OF July OF Inc
following wear, at which time they hatch out. Inc
Young crab remains about eight days longer attached
TO the parent after which separates and takes care
of itself. The animals generally collected IN
Julv August and September, the capture being
effected by means OF small lines to which pieces Of
fish frog etc. fastened. The best time Tor TINS
purpose Is during warm moonlight nights
FERTILIZATION IN GRAssEs.-1he cOntriyances for
eaecting cross-fertilization among the grasses l. e
the impregnation of the ovary of one flower by the
pouen from another in preference 10 its own, are
numerous and very various The agent employed
for the purpose is the wind insects having lttle to
do with IT, The fine pollen grains are smooth and
non-adherent; the anthers hang suspended from
long flaments open at the base, and shed their con-
tents when moved by the least breath of wind the
feathery stigmas expose a large surface with nu-
merous hollows and projections, upon which the
pollen may lodge; and thus in very many cases
Decentralization is almost inevitable. The same
result is often aided otherwise has been recently
shown by Prof Hildebrand of Frclbnrg, following
DelpinO of Florence. DIgclOus grasses in which
the male and female flowers are Oh separate pan,s
are few. but many mOnpCIOus species are made IN
effect dipciOus respects fertilization, either by
the male flowers ut the top Of the stem losing their
pollen before the female oWerS below have eGserted
their stigmas IN Indian corn, or 10y the sl2naS
preceding the maturing of the aDtners, as IN COR
dchrna Jobs Tears, or BY the position OF the male
flowers below the female, IN wild rice, or ny
their wide separation on distant branches. In some
species, however, the arrangement seems adapted
rather TO secure fertilization between the flowers OF
the same plant.
80 in those grasses where the male and female or
gans are in the same flower. In sweet yernal grass
aud various Others the stlunas eXsered before
the anthers and remain IN condition 10 receive the
pollen hut for very short time. lnrye the anthers
first slowly appear and shed part of their pollen
into the air; after some hours the 5tigmas become
| h. F||.aV. ttrFF ttrtl nod
more widely and the rest Of Their pollen escapes
Hcre Standardization is possible. In wheat, the