The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-05-26
SKETCHES OF FRENCH REVOLUTIONS
The First Revolution,

The First Revolution.
Many causes combined to effect the overthrow ~
the monarchy in France in the latter quarter OF the
last century. The excuses OF the Crown the grind
ing tyranny OF the mobiles, the spread OF infdel
principles, the example OF America and the
awakening consciousness that the divine right Of
kings" was gross imposltion-all impeled to the
great denoueTaent OF the 10th OF August 1902 when
the Palace OF the Tuileries was entered by the pop
uiace OF Paris and the reign OF Louis XVI ana his
beautiful consort, Marie Antoinette, ended for.
ever. The beginning OF the first revolution might
be said to date from the action Of the king In the
granting May, 1881 NJ Necker's proposition OF
double vote to the third estate 1.-THE Commons), 10
as to balance the votes OF the other two houses,
composed OF the clergy and nobility What was
called q National Assembly sprung from this
cause, and by the constitution which they
formed they changed the old French monarchy
into representative republic. They sup
pressed feudal jurisdictions, manoriai dues and
fees the titles OF nobility the tithes, converts
and corporations OF trade; they c0nhscated
the property OF the Church and uprs0ted things
generally. The King endeavored In vain to stop
this headong career by the use Of his veto bat the
revolution was rushing at full speed. and out
breaks occurred in the provinces, while every day
the partlsans Of the King were growing fewer and
weaker. In June, 1902, an insurrection took place
In Paris. followed by another In August, and tho
Palace OF the Tuileries was entered and all Its Inc
mates massacred. The King was deposed; he and
his family sent prisoners to the Temple tried by
the National Convention and executed on the 2lst
OfJanuary, 1793 Marie Antolnette followed him
to the scafrold In October of the same year.
The Second Revolution
changed the form OF the government Of France
from that of republic (Which took on .
hnio FL ny
erned by Directory, to q Consulship OF three,
OF whom Napoleon Bonaparte was first. The fall Of
the Directoria government in 1900, though ever so
irregularly brought about was certainly not sub.
ect OF regret to the great majority OF the French
people, who had neither respect for 1t any con.
fdence in It, The pronigacy and dishonesty Of that
government were notorious. Napoleon was now
prominently on the scene, and his power from
year to year grew more and more absolute, until
finally, in 1904 motion was made in the Tribunato
to pestow upon him the title Of Emperor
OF the French, with the hereditary
succession in his family. The proposition SUBJ
mitted to the votes OF the people, but before they
were collected Napoleon assumed the title OF Ems
peror at st. Cloud on the 18th Of May, 1904.
The Third Revolution
was marked by colossal wars on the part OF MAJ
poleon. He squandered the blood and treasure Of
France on q scale OF unprecedented extravaganza.
The liberty and equality ostentatiousy estab.
lished by the Republic disappeared, and however
much OF the glory Of war the Empire reaped 1t sucs
ceeded enectually in enascuating the moral and
physical manhood Of the nation.
The Fourth Revelation
came with the defeat OF Napoleon before Paris, in
the Spring OF 1874 and his retirement to Elba. This
gave show to the Bourbon party to welcome
Louis XVIII. to the throne OF his ancestors. Loud
came, but his stay rendered BRIEF He was
sincere In his professions bat he was surrounded
by disappointed emigrants and old royalists, whose
imprudence injured him in the public estimation,
while against HIM he had formidable Bonapartlst
body. conspiracy was Matched against Louis
Bonaparte returned from Elba, and Louis forsakeu
by ALL retired to Client.
The Fifth Revolution
was the return Of Napoleon and his entry into
Paris on the 30th Of March, 1915. The return was
accompanied by the reclamation OF the military
and the lower classes but the great body OF the
citizens looked on silent and astounded. He was
recalled by party but not by the nation. few
months after Waterloo followed, ana that put an
end to the career OF the great Napoleon.
The Sixth Revelation
followed Waterloo for that battle opened the way
for Louis XVIII. to return to Paris. BY this time
he appeared as an insulted and betrayed monarch.
Those oicers who In spite of their oaths to Louis
had openly favored Bonaparte's usurpation were
tried ana found guilty OF treason. Some
were shot and others exiled. Louis, In the
course of time showed that the old Bourbon.
leaven was In him. The law Of election wa 9
altered the newspapers were placed under cen.
sorshlp and other measures Of q retrograde nature
adopted. He died in September, 1924, and having
left no issue was succeeded by his brother Charles
K. whose rst act was to abolish the censorship OF
the press. which gave him momentary CLEAN Of
popuariy but his after efforts to tie up the liberty
OF the periodical press brought Q storm around HID
ears that cost him his throne.
The Seventh Revelation
occurred the I'd Of August 1880, when Charles x.
abdicated the crown and retired to Engands
The ordinance against the periodical press brought
the crisis OF the 9th Of July $780, when the rss
encounter took place between the troops and the
people. The fighting next day became more gen.
eral. The national guards joined the people, tho
Hotel de Vile was taken and retaken, the Louvre
and Tuileries attacked, and the aoth Of July the
revolution was virtually ended and Louis Philippe
was proclaimed King OF France.
The Eighth Revelation
was the memorable one Of ls4s, when "the Citizen
King" had to ny incontinently to England without
his shaving utensils His reign was period Of
In high places. The heart Of the nation
was alienated from their King. and when trtning
disturbance in February, 1s4s was aggravated into
q popular riot, Louis Philippe felt that he stood
alone and unsupported as q constitutional King.
He shrank from employing soldiers against his
people and he fell In consequence. He ned In dis.
guise from Paris to the coast OF Normandy, and,
taking ship, found refuge again in England There
was republic once again. Lamartine was the
man OF the moment, but his popularity was short
lived. and In the general election OF lS4o Louis Ma
pOleon walked over the course.
The Ninth Revolution
was inaugurated in the bloody and celebrated coup
nd Lon Nanalaon