New-York tribune., 1873-01-22

cord such TO bring the right half OF the body into
relation with theefhaf Of the BRAIN and the left side
of the body into relation with the right half OF the brain
therefore, the left cerebral hemisphere Is injured OF
ton lost In the right side OF the body there u rcht
hemplegia while left hempega results from trouble in
the right side OF the brain. Per contra also, when there
ia right hemiplcgia are justified in the belief that
there is something wrong in the left side OF the bra
Now 1t appears that In large majority Of cases
aphasa has beon attended with right hempega and ID
eases verified by Postmortem examination there were
which the left anterior lobe Affected and only
81 where the right involved. and IN AT least TWO 0
these latter the persons are known TO have Oecne
handed All this points very strongly to difference OF
kind between the right aud left hempheres but as
yet there proof that the faculty OF arcuate speech
connect these curious facts with the additional ones that
first the right side of the body in most persons the
second that in nearly 400 in which the hepneres
weighed separately. almost invariably the left was
In connection with this is interesting TO note that the
great French anatomis Bchat, entertained the opinion
inequality of size between the TWO nehispheres'
Curousy enough his own brain was found 70 De re-
eraby larger than the other Would that an OF US were
sure Of being able correct after DEATH tue mistakes
Returning now for a moment aphasia we learn that
the part of the left cerebral hemisphere Il IN or
near and generally in front Of the island OF Kel ana
generally the third frontal conyoution And although
Cleaud has called IN question the M Gl h
language yet 1t is right TO state the case Ia even at
the risk of its being hailed as great IN avor
of the doctrine about 10 consider fhrenOlOgy
puREsoIOcY: ITS HISTORY AND PRESENT ASPECT.
H. has lately become the fashion to ignore phrcnology
or to mention 1t only with rdeue say latey because
when it first years ago. it had very warm advo-
Gates among the most cultivated and scienunc men OF
the time whose hopeful sayings are still cmDlazoned
upon the chronological charts But the opposition was
equally violent and the new doctrine was denounced as
thorough quackery, and as the eiuslon oI DEVIL
dered imagination" while phrenologlsts were called
internal ldiots who manifested absolute insanity,
gross ignorance and matchess arrogance, Now now
ever, t is rarely that we meet WIN any uecusu aunls-
sion of its correctness by scientific man, and the ma
jority regard pseud0-scence Wmcn mas so sIgnt
an attack upon it is deprecated akin to Staying those
who are already slam" Yet at the present day IL Is
claimed by themselves, that the believers IN phrenoogy
are 10 he counted by millions, evidence OF which am
Informed that The chronological Jo1na has monthly
circulation of 10000 copies, and that s saes Win tht
of works upon pnrenology and kindred tOples, amount
TO 100000 per annum by single house. IL Is further
stated that perhaps 50 chronological eAauheIs are oc-
cupied in different parts of the United States
PHREYoLoGY AS AN ART.
PbrepoIogy Is both science art. rather it is
al art. and 1T claims TO be a science.
As art the practice Of phrenolOgy Is based upon
single and perfectly simple proposition namely that
certain traits OF character have been found to coexst
with certain of skull in many cases as to render
possible TO predict the former upon an inspection OF
the latter No. there is nothing absurd or lmpOssDle
or even improbable III the foregoing proposition; for
whatever views respecting the nature OF nnd,
spite of EXCEPTIONS no one has ever ques,
toned the general correctness OF the popular 1ee that
some sort correspondence correlation does exist
between the material frame and the nmaeral element
which is produced by it manifested through It.
This general truth is at the bottom OF our estimates OF
another and forms the basis OF cheirooey aud phs
OgnOmy in which. with vast quantities OF exaggeraOn,
there rs surely truth. The art OF phrenoogy Is
really physiognomy OF the skul-a cranlal physog-
pOmyad all we can is that the coincidence between
character and skull be proved to exist IN sufficient
number of warrant us in accepting 1t as law
Where this the there may De perhaps as much
reason for estimating mans character by an examina-
ton his head, there Is for nerrng the curative
power OF drug IN diseases because u mas already Deen
successful in large number Of cases In other WORDS
there wanted only sufficiently large number OF well
authenticated cases. Fully admitting, however, that
the proof OF the pudding is In the eating have this
day paid my s. and dIned at the chronological Rooms,
and. although wholly unknown TO those In attendance
was treated with greatest courtesy How the repast
agreed with shall now be told. You will acquit me
of egotsm. since IL did not wholly agree with me.
As above described phrenOogy is merely an art the
practice of which may be harmless ana III some cas5s
useful at any rate there Is nothing aereuloe IN inc
OF che proposition upon which 1t Is founded
But the science OF phrenoogy is quite another matter
supported, much more mschievous and merits there
fore more thorough exaninatoh.
PRINCIPLES OF PHRESoLoGY.
l. "The brain is the organ Of the mind.
g. each faculty of the mind has its separate and
special organ in the brain.
g. Organs related to each other in function
grouped together in the BRAIN
L. Size. other things being equal is .he Weasnre of
power"
Merely promising that have objection to offer TO
the lst aud 4th principle let us hear the amphcaton OF
How to Read Character"
AS is the soul which is incarnate within it, so is the
brain IN texture size and confguration and as is the
BRAIN bOny easement, the cranium on what may
be read. in general forms and special elevations ana ae
pressOns and with unerring certainty correct outline
Of the intellectual and moral character OF the man
mental philosophy founded upon the physiology of the
waving for the present the feeling that it is rather
method OF demonstrating character, based upon the
physognOmy OF the skull let inquire what this oun
datiOn is What do we know of the physiology Of the
nprv
There are this city to-day, three men who can
answer this question: let us see what they say. Dr.
Hammond, late Surgeon-General of the United States,
confines his practice and his teachings 10 nervous dis
Physiology PlrSss W Of spfaas@ he admits that the physo
ogy of the nervous system is not even 1oleraDy well
understood"
Dr Austin Flint jr in the preface to his volume the
system which with some defects by far the
I" important questons which are as vet regarded by
And thirdly. DIR. Brown-sequard, who has done moro
than any living man solve these questions is
still hard at work them as If he had Just begun IL
sevdent them that the foundation OF chronological sci
ence is hardly yet completed But you may say
although the cellar he not yet wholly inclosed there
must be already pillars upon which may he reared use
full school OF chronological science.
THE CEREBRLLUM.
Coming now to tho two organs which have been espe
cially claimed by phrenologss since they alone d.
recty affect form Of the skull we learn that there
are still the widest differences of opinion among pbys-
oogists as TO the functions of the cerebeum Some
gard it as the seat OF the balancing power others
the reproductive nervous CENTER Flint to the
clusio there proof that the cerebeun is the
organ presiding memory. The involuntary move
ments general sensibility, the general voluntary
movements and the only view which has positive
experimental pathological basis IL that presides
e0uilbraton and the coordination OF certain muscular
movements and is in some way connected with the gem
erative function"
But DR. Hammond, after independent examination
OF tho question: comes the still less satisfactory
cusiOn that IL "has special exclusive function OF
any kind but simply additional generator OF nervous
power ganghon u be added TO the cerebrum and per-
fnpu ana InaFnna fun
confess my reluctance TO suppose that similar func
tiOus can be carried by organs 30 primyey distinct
In position and connections the ono being always single
and medan, while tho other forms pair; the One
when conyoluted at all having regular lamlnated
rangement while the other presents more sinuOus pat
tern certainly better TO confess our ignorance
and disaHeements than to jump at unfounded eonclu