The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1873-01-24

except by the most costly motler
scientific appliances.
There was still another reason
which IN the estimation of at least on
member Of the Commission. PiOfesso
Watson. overrode them all-the excer
tional Increase ef heat tcith depth, whic
was It's main Characteristic.
THE SCIENTIFIC FACTS
Upon which this great work was prof
ected may be stated as follows: 1t /
the opinion Of the principal moderl
geologists, based primarily upon tn,
hypothesis Of Kant THAT the solar uni
verse was originally an immense mas
of incandeseent yapor gradually cooled
and hardened after being thrown of
from the grand central body-after
ward elaborated BY Lii Place into tht
present nebillar hypothesis). that ''tht
globe was once In q state OF tgne0u,
fusion, and that as Its heated mass be.
gan to cool an exterior crust was
formed, first very thin. and afterwarl
gradually increasing until it attained
Its present thickness, which has been
variously estimated at from ten to two
hundred miles. During the process Of
gradual refrigeration. some portions of
the crust cooled more rapidly than
Others, and the pressure on the interior
igneous mass being unequal, the heat
ed matter or lava burst through the
thinner parts. aud caused high peaked
mountains; the same cause also prc-
ducing all volcanic action.a The ar
gnmeIts in favor Of this doctrine are
almost innunlerible; these are among
the most prominent
First, The form of the earth Is inst
that which an igneous liquid mass
would assume ii thrown into an orbit
with an axialreyolution similar to that
of our earth. Not many years ago
Professor Faladay, assisted BY Wheat
stone. devised most ingenious ap-
paratus by which, IN the laboratory Of
the Royal Society, he actually was ell
abled, BIZ injecting q fame into va
cuum, to exhibit vlsibly all the phe-
llOlnena Of the formation Of the solar
universe. rs cOntended for by La Place
and by Humboldt In bis Cosmos.
Secondly, It Is perfectly well ascer-
tained that heat increases with depth,
in MI subterraileali excavations. l'his
THE INvARTABLE RULE
IN mining shafts and preventive
measures must always be devised and
ised. by means, generally. Of air ap-
,afatus, to temper the heat as the
leptll is augmented; else deep mining
would have TO be abandoned. The
ATE Of Increase has been yariously Is.
mated by different scientists in wide
Y distant portions ofthe globe. A few
4 tlHm nny be mentioned at this
'laces since it was upon Il total miscal-
nlation Oh this head that led to the
resent most deplomble results.
The editor 0t the JomaoR " Science,
n April, 1892, calculated from the re-
lllts obtained IN six ofthe deepest coal
nines III Durham aud Nortiluml,er-
ND. the mean rate 1T II Of Fahrpn-
cit for q descent ef44 English teet.
IN this instance 1t Is. noticeable that |
he bulb Of the thermometer was liz |
'o'luced into cavities purp0sely cut
ITO solid rock ut depths varying from
10 TO 800 feet. 'i'he D0lcoath mine in
ortiwall. as examined by Mr.. Fox. al
10 depth Of l,3S0 feet, gave an aver
5e result off for every rs feet.
kupfler compared results obtained
ON the silver mines iii Mexico. Perm
nd Freiburg, from the salt wells of
axopy and from the copper mines In
lie Caucasus, together with IN exam
lation Of the tin mines of Cornwall
ID the coal mines III the north of
ngland, and found tile average to be
least y Of Fahrenheit for every 81
ngliSll feet. Cordier, on the contrary,
insiders this amount somewhat over
ated and reduces
THE GENERAL AVERAGE
0 - centiglslde FIR every 25 meters.
about l"Ot Fahrenheit for every Is
ct EngllSlinleaslv.
Thirdly, That The lawns taken from
| parts Of the word. when subject to
elnical analysis, Indicate that tIleyall
oceel flnnl one common source;
IA
Fourthly On no other hypothesis
u we account for the change Of Cli-
itc INDICATED BY fossils.
The rate of Increase Of heat IN tIle
hzee|e SHIFT was no less than N
Illrenlnit for every 30 feet English
,Ssiitt.
AT the time of recommending sink !
: II the shaft ontle 10th vi April. |
W. the perpendicular depsh. was q i
, feet. the thermometer making 49, I
hreHlleit at The surface this would 4
ie the enormous heatOf l2Te Nahen- 3
i at the bottom Of the mine. OF q
Fsc, without ventilation no human I
Ing could long survive III snrh at 4
'spherc, and the first operations ct !
Commission were directed to RIM /
this Inconvenience. /
y Y a
Tie report then proceeds to give the 3
ailS of 4 very sll(4Yssfnl rnifri,o,ua !,