, 1873-08-16

mated with lo1eotlons OF ollolora-patlont stood
oil day expoHod to tho sun. Tho 1,oxt morning,
that water, presenting, no popularity Of appoar-
ass ae S os It Wnn '1 teo .ys yo ~ore
Hcized with oholora. At tho pleoo whore th!a
accidental experiment was made, no othor than
tlleso hvo cases occurred, and clolora lad not
ovont.
TIE EXCITING uAuHE.
:, Tho canHo Of cholorn III bcl'oyed to bo n roou-
liar poison. Tho nnture Of this virus ID rn-
known: By somo 1t is regarded as q. saht1c. in
ct writer's, 1t p thought to bo 4 living gorni~colf.
Since 1893, mioroscopiate, Mt eacil visitation Of
tho diseaso in Europe, hayo clain1oa to hayo dlg.
covered this gor1n. But tho ;, commiasion Of
mont to invoatigato In Intua, tho olain,a Of these
discovcrcre, hnvo recently reported adversely to
them, and hayo declared that they hayo not
hoen nblo to doteot In tho ojecta Of cholora-.
paticnts any germ.colle which can be considered
observation Of tho llsoase tends moro and moro
to confirm tho theory Of organic ger,nB rs ita
cause, microscopy haa as yot failod to dotoct
thom To nteyor 70 ats nec sxeo
tiona Of tho patient, md 70 DO capable, l1'dcr
oertain circumstances aud In certain relations,
OF graatly multiplying itself, and Of producing
cholera In porsons coming nnt'or i1a ~ liilonco; M
to retain itB powor in a tlriod atato na cholara-
dust. It Ia supposed to onter tho system IRON
tho mir through tho lungs, Or from wator or other
ingosta through the stomach.
emannting from patients, and Us loayon, in To-
yoring circumstances, multiplying itaolf indetl-
nitely mny DO found in thogo facts:
a ship, aftor q long VOYAGE, With lloalthy
whore tho cholora rrovat!ol. In n few honrg,
anil boforo any communication had boon had
with tho shore, caaos occurred on board.
An nrmy ascending the Cangos In bargeB was
with tho laud, whom opposite tho places whoro Il
prevailed. Upon passing those points, tho din
cago coasol to occur. < second body Of mon
following tho first had d Like experience.
A sudden, soyoro, and concentrated nttnck of
eholora, lasting only few days, occurred in Soho
district, London. It was ao0n observed that tho
Victims woro persons supplied with water from n
certain well. a lady, roBiding at aomo distance,
partial to this water, had supply brought to her
daily, friond in hor honso, aud eorvant. also,
usod the water both ladies died OF cholera, on tho
third day aftbr It's outbreak at Soho. Tho servant
was attackcd with diarrhoa. 4 committee ct MI
chronological Society, appointed to investigate
tho mattor, wore unanimously Of tho opinion
that Tho epidcmic was tn some way connected
with tho uao Of this water. Unon examination, o
VOL. -
Sayon hundred occupants of public institu-
tion in st. Georgo's Farish, England, woro OK
empt from cholera, though ii was prevalent in
tho district, and humorous cases occurred on tho
adjacent streots. Tho institution waa provided
with an artesinn we'll. Qho pariph was supplied
with filthy water.
THE pRED1spos1Nd CAUSES.
Tho preaonco Of Q poison, Of d special cauRo Of
tho daoase, In tho discharges, as abovo stated,
does not alono account for Ill the facte relating
to Its spread as mn epidemic. Casos Of cholera,
md this poison Of cour8o, havo again and Again
been carried into nofghbothood without an OK
tenston Of tho malady. Forty thousand poraona
f1od from Moscow, many without performing
disease having boon carried elsewhere by them.
For tho epidemic developmont OF tho ecotlrgo,
some fayoring local conditions aro necessary, as
these facts demonstrate. In several instances,
wl1ilo on this other side Of tho dividing line, no
cases occurred.
The liBeaan has disappeared from pn army
upon romoying tho camp fow mileD, and from
q population deBortng infected districts.
Filth, especially Wien subjected TO n tompora-
ture as high rs 80 degroeB, and impure water,
havo 60 constantly boon coinctacnt with epidemic
cho1erA TINT they sre almost universally recog-
above. It IL stated Of tho last epidemic III Eu-
rope that it's magnnnoy was In o1act ratio with
tho preBonce OF 9Th, tho neglect Of cloanl-
ness, and ovororowdiug.
ditional to tho cholora-virus, noceasary for tho
development Of tho diaoaso, is loose, porous,
moist eoil. holding water uoar ita surface mud
impregnated with docaying organic mastors ca
pecially with the saapings from ccBB-pool8. Tho
nrivy IL regarded by aomo us tho main source Of
infection; in fact 1t eeems to bo established
that worry frequent source Of tho disease is the
infection Of wator-caoBots. !. hr. Meyer states
that, in m opidomio in small town, no WIS able
to trace almost every caso to contamination from
priyios into which tho discharges Of oholora-pn-
tiontB, or OF those affected with choleraio
diarrfnn, Ind heen deposited.
| mporfectly-trappoa aewers and drains, by fill
ing tlo air OF tho streets aud houses with poi
| Bonous etuyia, nro regarded M fertile Hourco
| Of tho tliuoaAo.
| The habit, quito common in some country
distriots, Of throwing tho discharges on tho boil
whence 1t may tant the mir or contarninato welB,
is most dangerous. lilo practice, in tho poorer
| country -houBos, Of allowing the objections to
| fall upon the door, that they may 10 swept out
OF tho door, 10 probably ono Of the cauHos of tho
extraordinary virnlonco Of the epidemic in somo
| country-settlonlants.
| The occurrence Of tho disoaao in Russia dur
| ing tho wintor IL not regarded aA contrayenng
tho theory that o relatively-lfgh temperature il
| necessary for tho development Of tho disease.
| The habitationB of tho Russians prosont every
element regarded 81 essential to the existence Of
| n cs,olera-opflomic. Their temperature in kept
| very high, cleanliness ID disregardod, aud over
croWdinE is excessive
| weather upon the continuance or character of an
epidemic arc conflicting and confusing. No poHi-
tive facts regarding tho relation OF metoorolog-
cal conditions to tho disease can be said to have
been aBcertainod.
MODE OF APpROACH-FACT6 CONCERNING An EpI-
| DEMO.
The cholera usually iuva1es locality gradual
", cases slowly multiplying till thoy become nu-
hours. In tho Massachusetts Btate Prison it
first attached aprisoner in solitary confinement
in tho course Of Ill hour, four others in ditrcront
parts Of the inclonuro Were taken, and IL forty