The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1873-10-17
EBENsBURG, PA, FRIDAY, OCTOBER II, -1s7s.

! council; and when he mounts the throne
he stops and takes breath. He then sits
! down; and then he stands up; and when
| he stands up he tells the two great coun-
| ellis that he has the election in his wallet.
and that he will open and read it for them
| He then opens the wallet and takes out
the certificates one by one. AS he takes
out each certificate he breaks its seal, and
has it opened and read. These certifi-
| Gates authenticate how many votes are
given for each candidate; hence; when
| they are all read and collated; it is ascer-
| tanned who is elected, and the head man
| then solemnly announces that such a one
| is elected President of the United States;
and it is only then that it is officially known
| in Washington who is elected President
| although 1t is officially known all over the
| world for the three months previous.
After the public announcement of the
election of the new President nothing re-
mains to be done but to induct him into
Office. This ceremony is called the In
auguIatiOn. 1t takes place on the fourth
day Of the third month of the American
year, which is exactly seventeen days be-
fore the sun crosses the line, in the seed
| sowing season. The ceremony of inaugu-
rating the President is something similar
to the method of crowhing European mon
archs, or of enthroning our own Tycoon.
This Inauguration has political signif-
eance in America and in Europe. All the
inferior rulers secure what they call com
mission; which is a document certifying
their appointment to their Office and guar
anteeing their authority. Now, as the
President has no superior, from whom he
has to receive his commission, his induc-
tion into office is made ceremonious and
pompous, because it is intended as a for
NAL notification to all mankind that he is
the supreme ruler of the country. So
much importance is attached to this that
it was feared that the late President Lin
coin would not be acknowledged by Euro
pean powers, unless he was thus publicly
inauguratcG.
In the hereditary monarchies of Europe
the wife of the ruler is also inaugurated,
whereby she is solemnly acknowledged as
the mother of the future monarch; but, as
the government of America is not here
ditary, the same reason does not hold good
in this country.
Having described the manner of the
election of President of the United States,
and of his induction into office, L will now
endeavor to describe the nature and extent
of his authority. In the first place, the
President is the highest in rank and dig
nifty of all the functionaries of the govern
ment. He has the supreme command of
all the land and naval forces; he appoints
and commissions all the subordinate mag
istrates; he conducts the negotiations with
foreign governments, but he cannot con-
clude treaty without the concurrence of
the superior council of Congress, which
the vulgar people of the country call the
Senate; he receives ambassadors and en-
VOWS from foreign governments; he has the
power of pardoning ofFenses and he is gen
orally charged with experimenting the
execution of the laws; he has no authority
to interfere with the local governments, of
which l viii give fuller description i'll
another letter.
The President may be legally deposed
from Office, although such such an event
has never yet occurred. There is one re-
markable circumstance connected with the
President Of the United States as compared
with European rulers which is worth not
ing. The circumstance, or rather the
usage, is this: Although the President is
not surrounded by courtiers and retainers,
nevertheless the ENJOYS Of foreign powers
do not enjoy the same license of COM
muning with him that is permitted by Eu-
ropean rulers. The slightest glance at
newspaper regarding European events, to-
gether with a consideration of the manner
in which business is transacted in this
country, will show this matter in a clear
light. In Great Britain, France, and
other European countries, ambassadors
often introduce business of a serious na-
ture at the levees and public entertain
o
credited In the United States sttch is not
the case When the President holds leyoeS
or entertainments it would be regarded as
a very unusual thing for foreign ambas-
sador to avail himself of the resulting ia
cilities to introduce anything like diplo-
matte business. Such things are here
usually put in writing, and are brought
under the Presidents notice through his
grand Prime Minister, whom they call the
Secretary of State. From this simple diff
ference great results follow. The Amerl-
can government is never surprised with
hasty proposals, and the subjects brought
to its attention are known to 1T actually
before they are known to it oficially-and
hence, in communication with foreign pow
ers America usually means what 1T says,
and says what it means, and there is no
yaciIlation in its foreign policy. The most
important policy of the British government
is often foreshadowed in the speeches made
by the high ministers of state at banquets
and other festivities. The speeches made
in the grand councils of the nation, and
the articles published in the newspapers
are all allowed by the British government
to be made the topics of diplomatic discus
sion. The same may be said of other Eu-
ropean governments. In America the ex-
act reverse of this is the case. Neither
the debates in Congress nor the speeches
made by public men are allowed to be no
| tlCeu- Oy foreign governments roloiSh
governments in communicating with the
government of the United States are not
allowed to notice anything appertaining to
the American side of the discussion, ex-
! cept what is formally announced by the
| President or his Secretary of State ms
formal mode of proceeding gives much
| tone and dignity to American diplomacy,
| ard frees it from the embarrassment that
might naturally surround an authority pos,
sessed by many in common All this might
be summed up by saying that the Presi-
| dent of the United States is the sole organ
of communication with foreigners, ana TINS
maxim of the American government is ao-
hered to in all its consequences, remote
and proximate, direct and indirect, trivial
and important. Hence, although there
are parties, and factions, and combinations
in favor of every measure of the govern
ment, and against every measure of the
government, nevertheless foreign powers
b.ya mt the SLIGHTEST oDpOrtunitY of inter-