The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-06-30

KhoIand after weeks investment ahd bombard1
ment, thus severing Kokhand nom Bokhars, thia
place being intermediate to the two. These opera
tons were succeeded by lul; the Russian prison.
ers were released and returned, but there was
sign Of settled peace. Nor could there well be un~
der the circumstances. for Russia took Khokandiam
towns and forts claimed by Bokhara, and Bokhars
felt the blow to be one levelled at her own power
In Central ASIA That this state OF things gave rise
to internal revolution cannot be held surprislngz
An outcry was raised against the ill-starrea
Amir by the Molahs, or priesthood, an6
Others and the standard OF rebellion wa6l
raised by bold ana ambitious Chief General
Romanovsky has been replaced IN Russian Turkes-f
tan by General Kaufman. It's present military Cow
ernor and the commander OF the new expedition
and the question Of administering the newly
acquired province, as well as the policy TO be pur-
sued with the neghboring chiefs and people, en-
gagged the serious attention Of the higher authors.
ties.
A HOLY WAR.
General Kaufman entered into negotiat0n1
with the Amir or Bokhara; but the excitement %
his subjects against the latter such that before
o treaty could be signed holy war was proclaimed
and the neighboring Khans OF Khiva and Khokand
called on TO Join the Bokharians. 1t was clearx
however, that nothing but decisive victory could
produce efficient alliance against che common
enemy, and Kaufman shattered their hopes o.
unanmity and success by adding samarcand tQ
the list OF captured cities. Perhaps no place tra
the whole OF Central Asia had been more univer1,
sally lauded and esteemed than this. 1t had bel
come sort OF synonyme the Oriental for all that1
was poetcal and luxurious In life, and, In lta
comparatively fallen state, was, theoretically, to
the Uzbek what Bagdad ID to the Arab, and ShiraH
to the Persian.
Finally, to the capture or Samarcand succesded1
that OF Kettle Kurgan. one or the strongest Oh
Bokhara FORTS together with series 81 sharpS
decisive actions, IN which Generals Kaufman an8
Apramoff contrived to rout their Ill d!sciplinedk
opponents. The Amir Of Bokhara, driven to exj
tremities, made peace with his conquerors, who In
return assisted him to que rebellion and restored
to him the town OF Karshi taken from the rebels.
TREATIES ALL AROUND.
1t now appears that treaty OF mutual obliga5
lions was signed by General Kaufman on the part
OF Russia on the Goth January, 1858, and by Khuda
Var Khan, ruler of Khokand, on the 18th February;
following, by which Russian merchants and Rus
sian merchandise were to be treated with marked
favor In like manner treaty OF commerce most
advantageous to Russian commerce, and guaran-,
teeing protection to Russian Subjects was accepted
by salad Muzafar, Amir OF Bokhara. after a second
cession or captured town was made to him IND
1870. The Khan OF Khokand. being Russa's near
est neighbor, was the first to realize the mpQssf-
bty OF military resistance, and the Amir OF Box
hara convinced himself that Russia wished to live
with him in peace and amity, and had no desire To
extend her possessions at his expense.
ONLY KHIvA IS OBSTINATE.
In respect OF Khva, all attempts to establisF
friendly intercourse with that Khanate came til
nothing, and, indeed, only served to reveal the
hostile dispositions OF the Khiva government. Yet
all Russia asked lorswas that her subjects detained
II knn khnka
her traders should have free access to the KLAMATH
and that they should be protected while theres
"These, just and moderate demands" says this
official Gazette "were either left altogether unan-
swered or on other occasions declined made the
pretext for raising absurd prctensions. Matters
cannot possibly remain in this state; the less 80 aG
the maintenance OF order and quiet In our Oren-
burg Steppes Is altogether dependent on our rcla-
tons with Khiya."
A FORMER RUSSIAN EXPEDITION AGAINST KHTvA. ,
For some years previous to 1888 General Perovskis
bold, daring soldier, mad been urging on his govs
eminent an expedition to Kaiva. IL is said that no
required seven years TO make preparations. Tha
alleged grounds for the expedition were that the
Khivans held Russian subjects in slavery, mo-
Tested and plundercd the caravans to Bokhara, and
harassed the Kirghiz tribes under Russian protec-
ton. 1t was also announced in the manifesto
which the Russian government issued upon the
subject that its object de consoder dams cette
partte de rAsfe pt7slueace Nottine gut dppdrtiens
a Ia Russie ct Qti sesae peut seruir de gage la
conservation dc la paiT; or, in the expressions Of
the Emperor, Ito establish tranquility for tho
future in Khiva." IL was admitted by Count Nes-
selrode that the intention was to depose the
reignlng Khan and to place his brother upon the
throne.
The invading force consisted OF 10000 men, ZOO
camels and 81, 900 horses. In June 1885, detach.
ment or 1000 men left Orenburg, and established q
fortified post the River Emba, and further add
vance post at Ak-Boulak 100 versts from the Emba,
was occupied in the same Summer. The main body
OF the army left Orenburg the 18th Of November,
the Winter season having been chosen i'll order to
supply by means OF the snow the want OF water on
the route. on the aoth Of January, 1870, General
Perovski announced his arrival at the second post
of Ak-Boulak, aud at the same time the abandon1
ment OF any further advance in consequence OF tho
obstacles presented by the unusual severity OF the
weather. The thermometer was down to forty de-
grees Reaumur, the cold freezing the brandy and
breaking the bottles containing 1t. The
snow was seven feet deep, hard enough to
allow the troops TO march upon It, but not firm
enough to support the camels who sank at every
step. Attempts were made, but IN vain, to pre-
coed in single file, and thus to make firm path for
them through the snow. The camels would not lie
down upon it, but only on the sand beneath IL. II
therefore, became necessary on hating to clear q
a space for them which at last became impossible
in consequence Of tho depth OF the snow. Num-
bers Of the Russian soldiers were frozen to death
and frost-bitten. The army retreated by small
detachments 70 the Emba. and thence to Oren-
burg, where they arrived In most sorry plight In
March, 1910. With regard to tho health Of the
troops and the number Of men who pershcd
accounts differ. The Oural Cossacks are said not
to have lost either men or horses to any
extent; but the loss In baggage cattle was
enormous. Out OF 1000 camels only 1000 re-.
turned, ana the greater number Of the horses
persisted. This loss OF camels may perhaps be-
attributed TO the notorious peculation Of the Rus
sian commissariat. Men who supplied the camels