National Republican., 1873-11-22

penalties IN case OF default or embezzement.
aud lncincient mode in which savings banks Se are
conducted In many OF the States.
MT Cresweli then reviews the experience OF
follows
Reason and philanthropy being thus sustained
by the prolonged experience OF so many peoples
speaking the English language, how can the sue.
cess Of similar Institutions Ia the Unlted States
be longer doubtful I believe that the IMAM
cial pcrlls through which wo are now passing
lions had been open 70 receive deposits. The
more than those Of any other. The State Of New
eaus 10 ~ hoss p se vSos Tnsa
Kingdom OF Great Britain and Ireland; and It ls
not extravagant to say that II . spirit Of unit
verssi frussiy could be enseorssea cy an
the savings Of tho American people would soon
grow Into such gigantic proportions that the
voluntary ,s loans q single generSh,on rh would OK
am clear In the conviction that tho estab-
lshmcnt Of postal-savings deposltories VIII bo
found an emlnently wise and practical measure; ,s
that end, will submit at an early day form OF
bill embodying the necessary legislation.
rus rELEaRAru.
A year ago earnestly urged tho assu umptlon
by Government OF the control OF the Telegraph,
and gave at some length my reasons for belicv-
Ing that such action would correct the dcfeots OF
the present management and result 10 great
henent to the country. also presented az the
I ina The a lines and apparatn, now in use. There
II no need OF repeating those reasons or esti.
mates. desire, however, 10 express my ful
confidence In the soundness OF me former and
the approximate correctness OF the latter, not
withstandlng the efforts which have been Ia ado
TO invalilate them. Ample ttmc has elapsed for
~ and free S q me sne,se, S IN az
which have not already been considered. One
fact Is conspicuous and most slsnlncant, aud
me 70
panies and those directly interested with them
In sustaining their monopoly. Every Intelligent
dlsn.srested observer who has seen n, the work,
them the decided preference.
The necessity for an eficent and choap mode
o. telsgrsphic commsnlcstion. n,,, which sssn be 6s
within the means OF ali, Ia daily becoming more
apparent. Under the present management the
use Of the telegraph ey the masses 81 the people
IL almost prohibited, BY reason OF arbitrary rates,
unnecessarily high charges and Q want OF fucili-
itles. This assertion Is verified by tho Testimony
Of the president OF the Western Union Company,
who stated before q committee OF Congress that,
out OF forty millions Of our population, only one
million use the telegraph at all. TINS Ia cer-
tainy an anomalous condition OF Affairs among
and business acilyliy. Il may, however, be rc;
garded as settled that, while under the control
OF private companies, whose chief object Is To
ssiii and labor r. are V expended In Efforts 70 ad.
vance the prices OF their stock aud to enforce
| the highest rates to which the public can be
made TO submit, the telegraph will never become
q general medium Of cortesppudencc. Gov
eminent postal telegraph Is the only means by
which the full benefit OF this great Invention eau
| be secured, for, wherever the telegraph Is under
Government management, II Is operated at It's
minimum cost, and the people receive the bene-
| nt In low rates OF transmission aud In greatly
| extended facilities.
Appended TO this report arc four tables. Ia
which reference may be male for reliable infor
nation, derived from of1lciai sources, as to the
| condition, force and operations OF various Ooy'
nrnshsi if, by he director Of the bureau o. Intel
| national telegraphs Of Switzerland, gives con
| densed returns, showing the receipts, expendt
lures and other details OF Eurooean systems
| Table gives the number OF messagas (exclu
sive OF press and news messages) Forwarded
from postal telegraph stations IN the unltes
Kingdom during each month Of 1871 and 1879
week and month Of the nrst three quarters
1873 ana 1873, respectively.
| Nature furnishes an inexhaustlble storehous,
OF electricity. The earth and the atmosphcr,
constitute tie neyer-wearying media Of It's trans
mission. Ita application TO Infinite uses Ia limit
ed only by human knowledge aud ingenuity. A
single generation has nlled the earth with won
Investigation. Successive improvements hav
contributed so much to the simpll1cation Of tele
graphic apparatus that the work Of the operate
ing the residences OF merchants and other bust
ness men with their stores and ofices, are In
creasing In number and popularity; and so no
table has been the advance that electricity I
now called into daily requisltlon TO meet the or
dnary wants OF domestic life.
For years past the attention OF Inventors an
scientists has been attracted TO the necessity 70
more rapid and less expensive mode Of trans
mission than the Morse. which requires the mes
sage to be spelled out by slow and tedious prc
one OF the resuits OF their Investigations is III
| automatic or fast system, now In operation be
tween New York and Washington. This syslet
is capable Of a speed Of from ave H. hundred .
! Of an expert Morse operator Is no. over twenty
i've words per minute. Therefore, It Is evlden
that II the automatic method can be made to a'
complish what It's advocates confidently predit
for II, the capacity Of single wire for bushes
, will be increased nearly or quite thirty time
J This increased capacity may be again doublet
! now used every day by the established compa
nles for sending messages simultaneously In di
ferent directions on the same wire, can be SUI
cessfully combined with the automatic machine
There can be no doubt OF the ultimate success
the automatic principle. Its battle with an II
credulous public Is almost won. As soon as
shall be thoroughly developed and Is applied lI
definitely solved.
Experiments by the French electricians an
Inventors, D'Arlincourt and Meyer, In the dire,
q
graphic system .hie sinite OF the messag
written by the sender for transmission Is repft
/. duoed at the distant once Of delivery, thus o.
abllng the receiver TO verify the signature Of h
correspondent. Diagrams, maps, plans, tracing
. or letters written In stenographic characters
In symbols can also be transmitted by this u
strument and as the message or drawing to b
sent Ia itself used as Q medium Of Transmission
and the act Of sonding Is entirely mechanica
errors very rarely occur .,.
electrical and telegraphlc invention. Improve
processes are constantly being discovered. moi
instruments devised and new adaptations mad,
inachinery ~ Of tslegrspSIc comlnunication viii !
oheapened aud famlliarzed to such an exteu
that the Government will be compelled TO o.
their control In order % pIoatee, the pc,
most improved and extended facilities at th
lowest possible cost. In this wide neld Of VI
GRAFTON no money-m9klng privilege should b
tolerated. As well might charter be granite
for tho exclusive use OF air, light or water; q
well might q price be set on tho Winds an
waves, on rivera n0wlngto the sea, on seed-tim
seed 70 geT;nlnats and the fruits Of the earth /
Of electricity. that most subtitle and universe
graph should u Be- the common messenger % ot u, Il
human race, aud no man or association OF me
should be permitted 10 burden u with excessiv
% follow 'fs susom. rsRSOS sSa empires
recognizing aud protecting the rights OF the pee
There are now but TWO partieB IN the cOntrt
versy over the postal telegraph-on one side I'll
people, on the other the Western Union Tcl,
graph Company. At meeting OF the director
held on the stb Of Uctobef lest, the president q
the company, In his report, stated It's polio,
with commendable csndor, In the followin
words:
most important routes, and between the primo
pal cities, has been applied recently to the whol
country east OF the Rocky Mountains, so that ID
induceinent to subscribe, capital for the exter
sion Of competing lines, In order TO secure N
the rates now establlshed II 10 impossible 10
any competing company 70 realize profits, an
some OF them are known 70 be, and all are bt
lleved 70 be, operating at loss. As reHnl
the extension of competing lines has ceased
and lt Ia not believed that capital can be foun
wherewith 10 inaugurate new enterprises In an
quarter. The time 10 not distant, therefore
when the Western Union Company will be with
out substantial competitor IN the conduct Of
business which, notwithstanding the enorlnou
growth Of the last seven years. still Ia In Il
Infancy. With the increase OF lines already pre-
vided And now In progress, the capacity Of whic
the duplex apparatu3 hereinbefore spoken Q
will 10 nble 70 double d small cost, 10 Is believe
that the constantly Increasing. volume Of bus
ness, the growth Of which will be stimulated b
the present low and uniform rates, eau be su,
oessfully handled with less annual investIneI
In new construction than has heretofore bee
necessary; 90 that with competition checke
and In process Of being extnguished, the pei
csntAge Of expenses may be reduced, end On
patience Of the stockholders be rewarded at q
early day by the resumption OF regular div