, 1873-08-11

1f ~ Ao"Aao III q lRuoIor but upon LIS profit
: aa capitalist. Owning the 1and which he ttlls
the stock and implements employed In it's oul
tiTatton, tho farmer haa right to o1peot 70
! turn proportional not only to tho labor o1pond
Cd, but to tho aum Of money invested In LAM
and stock, buildings and Implements. This Il
tho rownrd Of his industry, and correspopds t.
tho "not product Of tho manufacturor-to tht
Va!uo Of products oyor tho cost of materials
From each tho producer has to pay tho wagea oi
labor, whether hls own or that OF others, tho In
toreat on money borrowed, and the coat of ro
pairs, rcplaoomonts, and purchases for extension
Of bis businoas.
l. According to the census OF 1870, tho entire
Valuo Of products OF tho farm, Including i'm.
provomonts of farms, was $2,447, ,538, ,189 in
currency OF 81, 1,847, ,8o1, ,687 In gold value. The
number Of persona employed In agriculture was
22,471, md tho not product was therefore $311
In gold for each person thus employed. But tho
money invested WIS, first cash value Of farms.
gold Value, s8,o91, ,2l0 Big second, va1uo Of live
stock (gold) l.15l ,583.725; and third, va1ue Of
implements and machinery (gold) S254, 81, ,210
80 that tho whole aum thus invested, In gold
Va'uo, was 9a,3o7, 1853, or 81, ,417 for evory
perHon employed. Lot ua suppose that tho Cap
ital employed ia worth I por cont, then es12 in
gold, the yearly value Of product. pays 999.1o,-
ror cont interest on 81 AT invested to each porson
employed, and s2l2.83 over, from which must
como tho yearly wagea Of each peraon thus ON
ployod the repaira renowa1a, md replacemontB,
and all profts above actual interest on tho sum
| invested.
according to the sano consus, tho net product
OK manufactures, value 1T raw matorials uBcd
being deducted from gross product was al. .412,-
"1o'aoA IN gold. The number Of persons en-
| pioyod IN manufactures. men, vomon, and
otildron included, was 2, 707, AL and tho product
| WAS, therefore. e521 to oach person. Tho
amount OF capital invested. according to tho
eensue' was s1,715, 78o, 1876 in gold, or s63o for
each porson employed. sovcn nor cont interest
on this sum fs SA.10; there remains, therefore.
for tho wages Of each person employed, and for
repairs, renewals, replacoments, and proflts
above interest, $4,000 In gold for zach psrson
employed.
Tho difference hero is atartling. Agricultural
labor, after paying interest on capital invested.
yields $212.8a to each person employed manu-
featuring labor. s47G.g0 to each person-moro
than twice M much.
of persons employed in manufactures, a con-
siderable number arc women and Children, Not
loss than 1896 were females, and 40, 979 males
under l5 yaara OF ago. But, while moro than
twice as many persons arc employed in agrioul-
ture, only a96, ,9G8 OF thon arc females, and 42G-
9s1 aro males undor IL years of age. Clearly a
much largor proportion of those employed in
agriculture have to support families but, il the
proportion Of persons supported By both is the
samo ~ tho proportion Of persons uneua-
ployed, according to tho census, to tho
whole number Of porsons employed, name-
y, z 8-10 to each, the average supply
1or zach porson snpportodsby manufactures,
after paying intoroat On money invested, is s170
IN gold, and for each person supported by agri-
culture, after paying intorcat on money invested,
s70 III gold. Tho cost Of living for each persou
man, woman, and child, in manufacturing towns
In Massachusetts, has boon Shown to bo about
91s2 III currency, and in Western towns, at tho
aamo ratio Of consumption, about 912G. It thus
appears that the return of manufacturing labor.
if equally distributed, will support onoh poraon
employed and those dependent on them, with
some SURPLUS unleBs tho cost of renewals. ro-
palra. and tho Sum taken for profits oyor iuter-
ost on capital Ia too largo, But tho entire sum
realized from agricultural labor after paving
interest on capital, will not suffice for tho Lare
cost Of living Of those employed aud those do.
pendent on thom. Ono Of two things must be
Eruo; eithor thoy 1.-Two with painful economy. or
'he returns OF agriculture do not pay por cent
IN tho money invested.
1t may be thought that tho uttor prostratiou
II agriculture at the South causos this dis
In part it docs. Separating values
u products and property, and numbers Of nor
ons employed, ne flnd that the farm labor ut ,
he South pays only e21o in gold to each person
and to 3632 invested, while farm labor
t tho North paya s312 to each person employed.
nd to 90, 241 invested. Though tho Northern ,
verago is mitch higher than tho average for tbe .
'holo country, the contrast betweon oven North i
m agriculture and manufacture, as to PROFITS :
capital and rewards OF labor, is still startling n
nough.
1t was shown, In recent articles, that tho baro a
ost OF food and clothing, rent. fuel, lights, and
1rnit11ro WAS @110.93 for each poraon in labor 4
70 familios in Massachusetts, and $lo2.o2 in O
boring families In Western towns conaumine d
10 same articles. Tho cost Of food On the farm
a'Ho appeared, wae little loBs thnn $50 to r,
'cl person, wloreaa to the consumer in ,nauu-
ctlriug towns at the East 1t WAS s53C7 and at y
10 Woas s39.a4. Let us suppose, thou, tl,at n,
10 actual coat Of living for each person SUM- q,
'rted by farming is only 800 yearly at tic Wost tc
III $7d yearly at the South, aud for each person IL
pported by manufactures s110 yoarly--uo al
or comforts included in other case, u
1ls is certainly moro than just to the manufac III
ring eido, for tallowa for ali persons employed nj