The Portland daily press., 1873-08-22


carboniferous serIes near Sutherlands river in
the county of Pictou. At no great distance
| from this is bed of gypsum. Its mode of oc-
| currence is on the whole not dissimiar to that
of the nom fossil forms of sub, crystalline lime
| stone which occur in some parts of the lower
| California series associated with the gypsum
| This ore is true spatline iron. 1t affords from
| AZ to 43 per cent. of iron and contains from
| to per cent. OF manganese. This vale is only
| four miles distant from the "Vale Colliery."
Clay frcestOnes occur in many parts of the
| Nova Scotia coal field.
Various iron ores. LIST, Great specular iron
| veins OF Siluran slate and quartzes. In most
| parts OF the region these iron veins, though
| very numerous are of trifing thickness, but In
| two localities they are known to attain glgan-
| tic dimensions, rendering them OF great econ
| omic
Earliest known of these was the great vein OF
Acadia in the Cobequd Mountains. Ihelr
hills consist of olive and black slate With beds
| OF quartzite, very high, lncloSed. Ihe IRON
| vein is very irregular. -.
| These iron ores are associated with large
quantities Of crystalline ferr'g!nous dolonte
| AS the out-crop of the vein it is in some places
| weatbened to some depth into soft and very
pure yellow schist. In some places the thick
ness of this vein has been found to be 100 feet
| with rowe rock
| These beds must be older than the lower
Helderburg rocks, and newer than the aurfer
Gus promordial rocks of the Atlantic coast.
A few miles from Glengerry station is the
most western portion of this vein known to run,
showing in some places thickness of 30 feet
of pure ore. Magnetic ore is occasionally mix
ed with the specular ore. The ores Of this
| vein in Pictou county are nearly pune parOxide
| of iron.
| 2d-Limonite veins of the east river of Pic
| tOu. The valley of the East river of Pctou,
above Springvale, is occupied by a narrow
| tongue OF lower carboniferous rocks, having at
one side the states containing the ores last mem
| toned, and on the other side a more disturbed
| country. 1t is highly probable that the river
| valley follows This the line of an old pre-car
boniferous line of fractures denuded and par
TALLY filled with the lower carbOniferOuS beds.
including large deposits of limestone and gyp-
sum. Here, as in other parts of Nova Scotia,
black magnesium limestone forms one of the
lowest members of the carboniferous series.
The outcrop of the vein was originally marked
| by line of masses of the ore too heavy to be
removed by water.
| The ore of this vein is of the finest quality,
| affordng from 81 to IS per cent. of metallic
| iron.
3d-Limonites of Shuhenacadic- Oldborns
| and Benkfeld. AT the mouth of the Shuhen-
acadic river the lowest carboniferOus beds seen
is a dark colored comnatal limestone. This
limestone and the sandstones and marls over
laying it and transversed by large assure veins,
holdi 1g confused aggregation of iron ores
and other materials. This is also fou2d to be
largely developed at Benkfeld and Oldbarns.
1t will be seen that the iron hills are not far
from the coal fields of Cumberland where rail-
road communication affords better facilities for
the manufacture of iron of a superior quality.
SECTION A.
The first paper read before Section A, in the
afternoon was one by Prof. Benjamin Pierce on
the relation of the planets as result of the
nebular theory. 1t is scarcely possible to make
an abstract of the paper. and our space does
not permit its publication as whole:
General Barnard followed with paper on
the relation of internal fluidty to the preces-
sion of the equinOXes.
J G. w. Hough gave description of an au-
tomato registering and printing thermometer.
Lewis Feuchtwanger made remarks on the
manufacture of glass by himself The in
calculable benefits which the discovery
of glass has rendered to mankind not alone for
purposes of daily life, but also for higher OBJ
iects in the cause of science, such as the micro
scope and spectroscOpe, must lead us to believe
that attention ought to be paid to the bringing
of this art to greater perfection than has
beer done so far. Ever since 1850 when Agric-
ola gave the first detailed description of the art
of glass making, very few Improvements have
been made. The same materials, the same
tools, the same furnaces and the same unscien-
tific manipulations have been used for these
1923 years except the discovery of Leblanc in
1772, which was the use of carbonate of soda by
decomposition of common salt; the production
of achromatie glass by the experiments of
Farady, .Herschel, Bentley, Fraunhofer and
Dale, and others having during this century
contributed much to the improve ments, and
latterly by the introduction of Simond's re-
heating furnace But the common glass MAX
er has not yet learned that certain equivalents
according to the atomic theory are indispensa-
BILE for the production of chemical compost
ton: all he knows is that 100 pounds of sand
and so pounds of an alkaline earth, whether it
is lime, potash or soda will give him at an ex-
posure to a great heat the transparent sub
stance called glass.
The Section then adjourned.
SECTION
The following papers were read:
On movement in the stigmatic,
Lobes of Catalpa, 10 mi. Thomas Meehan.
The Metamorphoses of Rocks. [2O MI
T. Sterry Hunt
On Staurolte Crystals and Green Mountain
Gnesses of Silurian age 20 m, j. ID. Dana,
Next came the Descent of Rivers in the Mis-
sssppi Valley by Col. Charles Whittlesey of
Cleveland, Ohio. OF only few of the streams
in this valley has the elevation of the channel
been taken. Such observations are highly i'm
portant for typographical purposes, because
where there are no falls, chntes or important
rapids, the descent of the channel is approx
mately uniform. Between points only one or
two hundred miles apart. it is nearly proper
tional to the distance, and the elevation OF the
adjacent country may be obtained by barome-
ter or merely by short sightevels;uslng low wa
ter as base, The paper here proceeds to give in
figures the elevation of different points on the
Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio and other large riv-
ers.
The interesting line of plain 1000 feet above
tide commences at the south west on the Rio
Grande, near CualtvO, thence in a course along
the base of the rolling or hill country, turning
the Colorado, thence to the Deighborhood of
Fort Worth on the Trinity, 1900 and by anoth-
er curvation to the south and east, wound into
the valley of the Red River, up this stream to
the Indian country, distance not yet edeter-
mined, doubling back on the north side, to the
valley of the Arkansas. The Prof went on to
trace his plan, bringing it around the buttresses
of Tuscumbra, and cutting the tops OF the hills
near Lexington. Up the Allegheny it inter-
sects the mouth of Maunoh Creek, 1000 feet
above low water mark. 1t passes 435 feet
above the surface of Lake Erie, intersecting the
slopes of its southern shore near their tops,
leaving below it a large space ip New York
and on the north of the lakes in Canada. In
the lower peninsula of Michigan there are very
few points that reach up to it, the highest prom.
inence of Mackinaw Island being 200i feet be
low.
This was succeeded by Hints for the promo
ton of Economic. Entomology in the United
States, by John LIE Conte, NJ. d. The author
opened by referring to the increasing interest
in Entomology among the members of the As
ISOLATION, and congratulated himself on being
able to attend the meeting and meet with so
American School of Entomology may be con-
sidered as made in 1917 by Thomas Say. The
Entomologists of that period were essentially
species men, manners and DISORDERS of the I'M
known objects with which they came in con-
tact He then goes on to mention some of the
earlier prominent men in the science. The Sec
ond period in the history of American Ento-
mology began in the decade from 1910 to 1850,
a most important epoch in the intellectual his
tory of the country He referred to the excel
lence of the works published by the Smithso-
MON Institution. OF all the branches of FOOL
ogy there is none more intimately connected
with the great agricultural than Entomology
The entire sum expended by Congress or by
our various legislatures for this purpose from
1910 to 1869 does not exceed $1,000 year yet the
damage done by insects annually in the United
States can not be less than $500, 000, 900.
There is no other department of the animal
kingdom there is no branch of Natural His
tory which requires for its elucidation greater
Industry or higher powers of scientific analysis
Before any science is capable of practicable ap-
pllcation, that science must be we'll advanced,
or at least its general principles established.
The series of books recently published by the
State of New York is only monument of pre-.
sumption and ignorance. Students must study
those orders which have been heretofore neg
lected A new series of works is absolutely
necessary, and will be published. The Colonel
goes on to state what should be the nature of
the new work.
He then passed to the practical portion of
his paper OF the great number of insects
which are to be found in any given point of the
earth comparatively few are capable of becom