The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-04-23

OF the condition OF the serfs-descended ana spread
steppes and vast domains OF Russia. This thought
breathed soul into the body Of the serf, and from
the Alpine peaks, desert and frozen, where thin
air can scarcely be breathed. new downwards into
the deep valleys. where rivers bearing the names
OF the khine the Rh0ne and the Danube, filling the
they give to labor and tillage. fulfilling throughout
the land the work OF the Creator"
HOW ENGLAND HAS TREATED SPAIN.
So, continued the speaker. do literature and phil
osophy do their work. An obscure thinker in the
silence OF his closet moves revolutionary tenets
that sway all minds. In time the Gar said that
serfdOm should no longer be possible. Russian
soldiers had been conquered because they were not
the soldiers OF free nation. They had been CEN
quered because they were machines--not men. In
opposition to the arst0cracy, and holding IN MS
hand the sceptre OF despot. Alexander aooiishea
serfdOm and gave the serfs independence. Ihen
the question passed to America. The United states
sacrificed their citizens and their treasures, o mil
boundess prosperity TO redeem the slaves. In
country where the negro had not been regarded as
towards inieriors-the condition OF the negro
work w, Of washngtsn After these national achieve
ments could Spanards maintain slavery or could
1t be denied that IT had become an international
question: A Spanish King Ferdinand VIZ had
agreed with England to abolish the slave trade, to
permit Spanish ships to be searched and tribunals
established on spanish SOIL to adJudlcate upon
questions arising out OF slavery, mus was s tue
land and thus 1t was that not single House OF
Commons had laed TO protest against the action
slave trade treaty, and there had not been a gov
eminent that had not been compelled TO explain
and apologize to England when she made an i'm
periouS demand.
WHAT HAVE THE UNITED STATES DONE
But" asked Mr.. CASTELAR,, shave the United
States made imperous demands : Have they
acted as England, evens NO, gentlemen; let me
here and now protest against the unseemy Ian
guage- Jealous and patriotic but stll unseemly-
That has been uttered in this place against the
Minister OF the United States, and IN regard
to the people and their President. Let
cratic nation, this republican nation, that
can do no less than cherish deep reverence and adj
on ess imam has the n ,ss m
wards which we have so long been tending-the
problem OF making democracy the twin sister Of
under the Republic. When it is remembered that
in the midst OF the general suspicion and want OF
confidence shown to our democracy by Europe the
act OF giving us their material and moral guaran-
Tee to proclaim us to the world as people worthy
OF sef-government, should we not owe debt or
gratitude towards that great nation that forms SO
high and favorable Judgment OF usg And when,
he alone is responsible, and in preparing which he
does not even consult his Cabinet-thls Illus
Tsous man who on the battle eIa has
Alexander-says:-I seek neither war nor
military performance nor conquest. simply de-
sire liberty and democracy. ! would wish TO see
all the nations in possession OF one common right
should not the man who speaks thus be nailed with
joy by a republican Chamber and regarded as the
colossal figure in history, closing the era of con-
quest and opening the era OF liberty and rght9
AMERICAN LAWS AND CUBA.
"Apart from this, the American laws cannot pre-
vent Cuban associations in the United states,
even as we in Spain are not permitted in any way
to interfere with associations intended to effect
change In any foreign government We cannot in
terlere because 1t would violate the constitution.
All we do Is to prevent forcible acts or acts OF
war against a friendly Power expeditions and
shipment OF arms This is precisely what
the United States have done to the utmost
ster Who sought to win the Presidency by the
annexation OF Cuba and Porto Rico to the South
ern states as slave States, 1t was easy to under
aid unlawful expeditions. They did so. And then
1t was under the influence OF the slave power that
Rico was seriously menaced. But what interest
now have the United States IN any scheme OF an
nexationS None, absolutely none Annexation
would introduce an unstable, mischlevOuS element
into tho c0nlcderatlOn-a race that does not har-
monte with the Saxon and has always been at
war with races out OF It's own blood. Annexation
would perhaps compromise the greatness and
power and peace OF the marvellous Republic. The
americans know TINS well NOW c with Il ron, ba
they have done as England has done-addressed
us friendly and courteous advice, such as all gov.
ernments may tender to one another In the grand
parliament OF civilized natiOns.n
THE FAMOUS OCTOBER NOTE.
Mr.. STANDARDIZATION about the note OF Octo-
Mr.. CAsrELAR-I shall speak OF that note. In the
first place. that note was not addressed to the
Minister of State, but to the American Minister in
Madrid, and the latter was not instructed to pre-
sent 1t to the Spanish government.
A DEPUTY-How about publishing 1t ?
Mr. Observation-Disclosures may nave come from
oversight or breach of confidence Only recently
came near being the victim OF a similar oversight,
and was obliged to use the utmost activity to pre-
vent the publication ola note that almost found its
way into print. Although the publication of the
American note may have been diplomatic act, we
never read 1t officially Let us not reach such q
depth Of humiliation as to seek to degrade the
Amadeus was Minister Of Spain. Ills eioquence,
his renown his glory belong to us all. His good
name is our good name, and, knowing his Ms
he could to protect the honor and dignity
OF Spain which can never be trodden
under loot while patriot breathes on our soil.
No, gentlemen the Zorrilla Ministry knew nothing
OF That note, were never informed OF IT and were
ignorant OF its existence when it resolved to de-
strOy slavery. / am IN favor OF emancipation in
Porto RicO and say this because have not yet
had conference with the American Minister on
American influence or pressure. i am for enamel.
patton in Cuba, with due regard to all interests.
liberty to Cuba and Porto Rico. II were called
upon TO take this ground by foreign Minister
would say these pledges are with my conscience
and my country, and foreign nation has no con-
Germ Herewith. And the worthy Minister Of the
United States, who knows and respects us, will
never seek to dictate to the Spanish nation and the
SLAVERY AN INTERNATIONAL QUESTION.
81 do not believe that when some nations inter-
est themselves in the futures OF other nations, or
when there are domestic questions that may be
related to other foreign questions, those Ministers
nave compromised the HOuOT anu ulRniIy VI the
nation. Slavery Is really an international ques-
ton, as have shown. What would this Cabinet
say Il foreign Cabinet should ask, How VIII you
settle the question OF the traditional tribunals in
Galcia2 What are you going TO do about the
rdtdssa nOrtis OF Catalonia 2 No foreign Cabinet
would ask these questions, because they are do
mestic and we alone decide them. But in the
slavery question the spirit OF the human race, the
advance OF ideas and the pledges Of the Spanish
nation, and even her treaties, all give slavery an
international aspect. And thus IT Is that frank
ness leads me to say that ALL absolutely
all, the Cabinets OF Spain have been APP
preached on this question by England.
Every recent Parliament has found fault
with our Cuban administration, and every Minister
has preferred some claim against us. But since
this question was taken up by the Zorrila Cabinet
1t has not been made the ground of any diplomatic
representations. No one has requested, no one
has demanded, that the Ministry should present
this measure Of emancipation for Porto Rico. IL