, 1873-05-12
THE FARM AND GARDEN.

plOyv nnI with Titc-. Cutting Drains
for Tile with In0rHe.p0xvcr.-HnO1
Wells Ncnr Buildings May Iso Used
ms Cistcrnss-rltc Sctlxolls.~,Nslc Fruit
Crop--A FoSv Things to Consider on Il
Rainy Dsly..
From Our Agricultural Correspondent.
CHAMPAIGN, ILL.,, May 10, 1875
,BunrAoE-DnA1NAHE.
For tho past threo years, tho noil has boon 30
dry TINT tho subject OF drainage hna nearly gono
ont Of tho public mnl though Tho Farm and
Garlon" hos ofton cnlo attention to ita value In
comparatively dry na vol as wet aoaBona
Though tho rainfall Inns not boon oxooBaiyo thur
far, yot, the evaporation boing 10 slight 1t gfvos
ia soil saturated with wator an1 ,thoBo intltca-
tiona lead many farmorB and othorH to prodlot o
wot aoason. 10 tlia I'd it may, thoro IL no harm
In looking at this subject from practicalstaud-
point.
Il Is no groat tank to lny off field into lantlt
Of four rods III width, and running in tho droc
tton Of tho natural drainage, and tlon to back
furrow theao lands is tho moat convenient me-
nor Of plowing them. This loavoB dead. .ntrrow "
every four rods, to faclitato the surfacetlranago
Il tho furrowB aro turned towardp lilo coutro for
two, three, OF moro yenrs, tho lAnd will DO ridgod
up at tho contro, and tho t1oad.furrow would be-
como doop drain. Whom tho 1idging hnH beo'l
carried to a satisfactory extont tbs ploWtng fa
reversed, md tho furrows turned toward tho
fload d-furrows. lilo plowing mny DO altornntod
zach yoar, and thus leave tho land i'll a good
shnpo for drainage. Those WHO have practfcod
nnon this nlan havo had no difficulty III putting
in thoir crops Of tho small gr't'ls, for no water
can stand on tho lnn1s when uA'B managed.
Tile ypluo IN rognrtlto tie holding Of plant
food, havo al,own nf former lcttors,--tho pres
ent object being sinply to show ita vnluo Iii re-
gard to s.,rfaco-wnte'.
Wo nil know thatiho cultivated plAnta, with
fow exceptions, ,-'uch aB tho crlnborry anu
r1co.-must l,aye wcll.iraincd soil ,-that is,
tho water in tn soil mist bo iu tho form of
vanor.--in orlo. to mod tho 6omasd Of tho
crops, Some o}tho coar,o grass's will hear con-
siderable watorin tho only par! OF tho season,
hit t],is m,1sbe loBsen3d nj tho crop ronchos
maturity wl;lo nil OF No small grainB, Indian
corn. md potatoos cal1lot atand IN wator
moro thar u fow iuara. All OF tho
1ond In lhcyo cropa that is not so
dra;noa ia so macl, lost to tho far1nor.
Every 1ov placo sho,lljlo drained by running
furrows for this purpHe, an1 tho RaBa Or
1oprosstons that cronf tho nntural drainage
should bs laid with toas soon rs the farmer 70
nb1o to do no !; but u1fl TINT in accomplished,
ilo must depend on Cpd drains for this purpose,
aud, in mont oaaos, his nlny DO dono with a
common plo,y eoueof The farms that lio Oh
tho dividing ridges AZ fl'lod with ponds, and tho
moat Of thouo will MD bo drained with e ditch,
fng-mac}line knT several farms Of this kind
tLat hayo been grcay improved under this nodo
Tho present PRO Of labor will not warrant
tho outfay for tilclraining, unless We could out
thoro aro maeluea for this purpose, but
Of their yucsHs worry few facts lafo
como to til public. I have soon
tho machincs attic Indiana State Fair, and they
appeared to he very wei adaptGa to tie wor
would DO liabltt to rulo them out for common uoo.
4 machine tld Gun DO nude nnd sold ut profit
for e200, w]lel topped Off with a patent-feo Of
from 9l00 tc sGoO, is not inviting. Tho prin-
ciplo upon wllch thoso machines il constructed
i,ass lbs boon in uo ior moro than zovontoon yours,
to my persona knowledge, and all that is necoB-
eary IL to mnln tho machine strong, md adapted
to tho soil tint requires draining. Two or throo
wot Boasons il succession would tend to develop
drain.tllo fsctories, all of which wo will tud
useful -
Tho most OF our soils arc clay-loam, and will
not roquiroan average Of 10 rods of tile-drain to
q few hours, except in placea whore it accunu-
1ates In tho deIrcsatons, and, II tlloHo nro laid
with ti1o, tho higher land inay bo loft in its
natural condition.
hAAH-HELlS+
a we'll 90 feet deep that waa about 100 foot
from one eorner Of my horse-1}nr1l, nnd that fur
nfahod about q wasll-tub OF wator daily, was
placed on rapport with the cavos on the south
side Of tho barn, by limo Of Finch tile, laid
feet deep, to tho corner Of tho barn md along
nndor caves. It was some weoks bo.
lore We had a respectable shower; but,
Ehon it canio, tho we'll was nearly filed
With water; and, from that timo forth, there was
40 want OF wator, as eli tho wator from that Sec
f1,o ~1of H4HA6 not fx,1 1.o,,1
'ound its way into tho woll. At first it WAS my
ntontion to have put conductors on tho roof,
md to carry tho water down through n bod OF
,raycl to the tile, but soon found that to bo
.loug tho front side, with tho result "a stated.
Tho cost of this was cents Il foot for tho
lo and two days work of one man in putting 1t
n, besidos tho hauling from tho depot. TIat
Job saved me at least $50 last wintor In extra
york that would have been expended in taking
1orsoa and COWS to dstant we'll. 4-foot wolf,
feot dcep, makes pretty good ciatern, and |
yill be found OF small value In dry Boagon
1t this time tho woll III full of water aa aro most
yelIs md, when tho wator-aupply gots short, I
'ings Of tho roof from tho other side of tho burn.
Tho aoil is n clay-loa1n but sandy or grayo}ly |
oil would not bo quito rs good for tho purpose !
- tho water might DO absorbaa In tho soil, in
tead Of following the tile to tho well. Mother |
manure or stock is allowed to como in contact
nth this drainage, and tho water III nearly as
loft NJ rain-wntor, nnd without tho least un- |
pleasant tasto Or smell.
In dry season this plan will he found yalu- !
blo: not only to SECURE supply of stock water,
nut for tho 1louAp also.
In the case OF the house, the drain NAV bo |
He'd with sand and gravel, instead Of using tic
lie. Now tho water TINT ltsod to stand III pud- |
les along tho side Of tho brick wall OF tho barn.
assmont ont, disappears at once aud hs itH way
.uB eOnkH out through tho Hni1 IN tha 1n,var