davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1873-09-06

RELATING TO MARRIAGE.-Imp ortant circular to
Young and others Nervousness, Loss of
Memory, Decline, etc. Prescriptions and advice
Tree. Address DR.. =. Hilton, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1873-09-06

For sale by all Druggists.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
GERMANY

BERLIN, Oct. G..
1t is believed that General Manteuf-
fel will replace Count Won Amin as
German ambassador to France.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
DIED.

In Eureka, oct. 6, Ada g., infant daugh-
ter OF Hattie L. and William Mathews,
aged II year, line months, and four.
teen days.
Funeral services at the Episcopal
church at two o'clock to-day. Friends Of
the family are respectfully invited.
She's gone! forever gone! our Ada
The King OF Terrors
Lays his rude hands upon her lovely
limbs,
And blasts her beauties with his icy
breath. G. " -
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

The National Banking Association,
c. Cavaroc President, in accordance
with a resolution passed 10y the di-
rectors last evening, goes into liquida-
ton, and will be placed in the hands
of a receiver.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

THE GRAPHIC BALLOON Profess
sor Donaldson having repaired the
Graphic balloon, is off on his Euro
pean journey. His companions on
the voyage are George Washington
Lunt and Alfred Ford. A dispatch
in this mornings SENTINEL says the
balloon was last seer near Bethel,
Connecticut, moving oceanward. OF
course, If the undertaking succeeds it
will be ranked as n of the greatest
achievements of the age.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
DISPATCHES.
By Overland Telegraph.
SPECIAL To THE DAILY SENTINEL
NEW YORK.
NEW IORK. Oct. 6

NEW YORK. Oct. 6.
Edward $. Stokes, owing to sick
ness, was unable to- appear when his
case was called this morning, and the
trial was set down for Wednesday,.
Victoria W. Vail, of Newark. is the
name OF a young orua found dead
in a house on Clairvovant street, Jer-
sew City, yesterday. from alleged mall
practice. Alonzo L. kimba.l. mar
ried, has been arrested, charged with
taking Miss Vail to the house where
she died.
Donaldson made a balloon ascen-
sion this morning from the Capitoline
Ground. BROOKLYN.
A dispatch from Bethel. Conn, saws
that at IL o'clock the balloon was
rapidly moving oceanward.
Professor D~onaldson's companions
in his balloon VOYAGE to Europe are
George Washington Lunt and Alfred
Ford.
The theological section OF the Evan
gelical Alliance began it's sessions in
the association hall this morning. DR..
Tiffany presid .ng. Papers on the best
methods of counteracting modern in
fidelity were read by Prof. Stanley
Leaths, Of Kings College, London,
and Prof. Theodore Crlstlieb, of the
University of Boone.
The statement from Lucette Mercer
to q reporter Yesterday, that she
was in Goodrich's house and in the
next room to him when he was muir
dered. March 18th, Is generally dis
credited.
Sepleye's oil-cloth factory at Newark
was burned last night; loss, $50, 900.
PoRT JARVIS, Oct. 6.
Rev. J. Onelly, pastor of the Catho-
lie Church at S~uSQuehapna, and form
erly Vicar General of the Philadel-
phia Diocese, was killed at the former
place Saturday evening, by a railway
engine.
PENNSYLVANIA.
PHILADELPHIA, Oct. 6.
The Baldwin Locomotive Works
has discharged 200 hands.
MARYLAND.
BALTIMORE, Oct. G.
Namilton's grocery and Chaffer's
pork packing establishment were
damaged to the extent OF SIS. 900 bv
fire this morning: insurance, $50, 900.
KENTUCKY.
LEXINGTON, Oct. 6.
The preliminary trial of Montgom-
cry Parker. the farmer who murdered
the boy Mills on the 9th of Septem-
Der, i'll this county, was commenced
Yesterday. Twelve or fifteen wit
nesses who were examined clearly
proved the ease deliberate murder.
MICHIGAN.
DETROIT, Oct. 6.
The tobacco factory of Barker e Co.
was injured to the amount Of ST., 0G0
by fire today.
LOUISIANA.
NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 6.
The National Banking Association,
c. Cavaroc President, in accordance
with a resolution passed by the di-
rectorS last evening. goes into liOuida-
ton. and will be placed i'll the hands
Of a receiver.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

Dow HCNTSMAN. of the Capital
Hotel, Battle Mountain, has embark
ed in the fish business. In front of
the hotel is a large pool, in which he
has a variety of fish. including about
500 young shad. Huntsman is en-
titled TO the honor of being the first
to attempt shad culture in Nevada
Humboldt Register.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

DE LOxG.-We learn from a private
LITTER lately received by a gentleman
Of this city. that Minister De Long
will leave Japan for Nevada on the
eth of November, per steamer Great
Republic Tpginiu Chronicle.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

RAIN.-The southern part of Cali
fornia was visited by a fine shower
of rain last evening, lasting about two
hours. The event must be of some
importance, as it is teiegraphed us
from various points.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

BELCHER DIvIDEND.-The Belcher
Mining Company declared a dividend
last Saturday of 50 per share, aggre-
eating 1912, 900. 1t is payable on the
10th inst.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
ENGLAND.

'DNI7V-Ni VVI. y.
A special from Paris tO the Observer
states that $50 deputies of the French
Assembly have pledged themselves TO
support a motion for the restoration
of Monarchy.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
BORN.

In Carson Valley. Sept. IS, to the wife
Of Henry Tucke, a son.
In Virginia, Oct. 3, to the wife Of John
CrOttS, a son l4-pOunder.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
FRANCE.

PARIS, Oct. 6.
The Paris Journal, a Monarchial
newspaper, saysa proposition fora pro-
rOsal for a separation of the Mon
archy on the basis of the charter of
1914 will be presented in the Assem-
biv on the opening of the session.
Deputies of the Right, at a meeting
to-day, appointed Gen. Changarnier,
Duke de Auditfre, Baron Delarcv l..
Combier and Count Darou a commit
tee To draw up platform on which
all sections of the Right can unite.
ENCT mn
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
MARRIED.

In Virginia, sept. 81, c. T. Mccarthy t
Miss Lizzie O'IoOle.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
FOREIGN NEWS.
SPAIN.
MADRID, Oct, 6,

MADRID, Oct. 6.
The Carlists are fast losing ground
in the northern provinces, and are ut
terly demoraliZed. The men accuse
their leaders OF treason. General
Mariones, Commander of the Repub-
lican troops, is theoretically advanc-
ing against them.
The seige of Cartegena is proceed
ing actively the firing being very
sharp on both sides. Many of the in
surrectiOnistS surrender daily to tie
Republican forces.
General Marioues last week offered
battle to the Carl SITS before Estelle.
The Carlists refused to fight, and Sat
urday precipitately evacuated Es-
teIle, which is now occupied by Gov
ernment forces.
The lnsurgent men-ofwar have
Quilted Garraucha. The British
squadron has arrived at Valencia.
The government contemplates a con-
solidation of the Spanish and Cuban
debt.
Correspondence c~Ontraiicts the re-
port that a GOODNESS had sprung up
between CASTELAR, and Gen. Sickles,
the [. :. Minister.
The Minister of the Colonies, who
leaves soon for Cuba ami Por Rico,
has received special instructions for
the settlement of political difficulties
on those islands.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07
NOTICE,

'EHE RUMOR THAT ppona
y" starting a freight limo Used
fhke 10 Eureka is without ounda,i nait
lact. shall continue to drvn,a non IN
ergieS to present business. and my en-
rr an irelEhts entrusted 10 nv ucliv,
promptly and at bedrock rates. NY care
W. l. PRITCHARD
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1873-10-07

DETROIT, Oct. G.
The tobacco factory of Barker & Co.
was injured to the amount Of So, geo
by fire to-day.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
Testimonials.

CHARGES !;
Tuition and board per term. !.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23


THE Nazareth Academy is three and d half
IL miles from Bardstown, and one mile from
the Louisville and Bardstown Turnpike, The
site is beautiful, pleasant and healthy. The
buildings are spacious, and erected In hand
some style, and peculiarly well arranged Tor
the purpose of an extensive boarding school
for young ladies. The yard and ground Tor
recreation and promenade are neat, spacious
and in the summer pleasantly shaded with
forest and grove frees.
z The Institution was chartered by the
Legislature of Kentucky in 1879, and IL has
been conducted on principles which have
given general satisfaction TO the public. 1t
is under the protection and superlnttndence
of the Right Reverend Bishop Of kentucky
and q Board of Trustees.
g. Every attention is given to the nsatness,
ooliteness, health aud comfort OF the pupils.
The sick are nursed with maternal LenternI SIS
and the pupils receive in every respect, pa
rental care and attention.
f. No solicitation is used to change he Re
lieious Principles or Greed of the pupils.
5. Nazareth has been a public boarding
school for young ladies since the year IoI4,
since which time it has received an extensive
patronage from Kentucky, the Southern, and
several of the Western States. Each year
has added to the com orts and convenlentes OF
the Institution, while experience has IN
creased the qualifications and abilities Of the
conductors and tutoresses.
g. Nazareth is open for the reception OF pu-
pills at any time OF the year. The car run
daily from Louisville to Bardstown, passing
by Nazareth.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
Useful Recipes.

Plasters.- Mustard plasters should be
mixed with the white of an egg, and they
will burn without blistering.
Queens DrOps.-One-fourth pound of
butter; one-fourth pound sugar; three
eggs; six ounces OF -four. Beat up as
for pound cake, drop on paper CREASED,
and laid In a baking pan, a large tea
spoonful in place, and bake in hot
oven.
Arroa0 Root Biscuits -fourths
of pound of sugar and three-fourths OF
a pound of butter beaten very light.
Three eggs beaten light and stirred in
lightly, then add two cups of -four, roll
them thin and bake in a slow oven.
Apple Float.-Take one pint of stewed
apples, sweeten and flavor to taste when
cold, and just before you desire to serve,
add the beaten white of four eggs, and
stir thoroughly into the apple. Serve
with cream and sponge cake.
70 Preserve Watermelon Rind.-Cut
the melon rind into strips; boil them in
weak pearlish water fifteen minutes, then
strain off the liquor Add pound of
loaf sugar to a pound of rind, and boil
the whole about two minutes. The
syrup will require to be scalded several
times.
To Polish 1ins.-Rub you. tins with a
dry cloth; then take dry Hour and rub it
on with your hands afterwards, then
take an old newspaper and rub the flour
off, and the tins will shine as well as if
half an hour had been spent rubbing
them with brick-dust or powder, which
spoil the hands.
Ounce Pudding. Take sufficient
number of ripe ounces to yield pound
of pulp, to which put half pound OF
powdered sugar, half teaspoontul each
of cinnamon and ginger. Nix them we'll,
Beat up the yelks of eight eggs in pint
of cream then add the other ingredients,
stir the whole together, flour a cloth, tie
the pudding in, and boil it.
Spiced Grapes. -After taking the fruit
from the stems, weigh it, then squeeze
the pulps and scald until sufficiently ten
der to strain through a cullender. Boil
the skin until soft. Then to seven pounds
of fruit add three and one-half pounds of
sugar, one pint Of vinegar, one table
spoonful of cloves, one of cinnamon and
one of allspice. Put them all together
and boil to thick pressure. The spices
are better tied in thick muslin bags.
Green Tomato Pies.-Take the skins
from green tomatoes by letting them re-
main while in scalding water. To three
pounds of fruit, add one of brown
sugar and boil until tender-put them in
stone or glass jars, and it will keep any
length of time When ready to make
the pies flavor with lemon, and they will
be delicious, or superior to those made
of green gooseberries they much
resemble in taste, By having tomatoes
prepared as above, one never need be at
a loss to get quick, cheap, at the same
time, delicious dessert.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
Early Fall Flowing.

Norman Spur, thus gives his views in
the Duchess Farmer:
Another great improvement that seems
to be LIST sight of, is blowing in the early
part of fall those fields which are intend
ed for corn the next season and have lain
in grass for several years. Some of these
advantage are are as follows, and to make
sure of all of them, the land should be
plowed before the middle Of September ::
1st. The land can be plowed cheaper
then, than it can in the Spring, because
the teams are kept cheaper and you are
not SO much hurried with team work.
I'd. If the land is all cut up by the
pillow and turned over, which should always
be done, you get rid of all the worms
which eat up large share of the corn on
such fields, except the wire worms.
Sd. The eropis much easier to take care
of by having the land at planting time as
mellow, light and lively as a field in
September that was plowed in June, as
farmers frequently do for rye.
4th. You get much better crop of corn
by preparing the land in that way, than
you do by preparing the the land for rye
by the summer following.
9th. You in this way are always sure
that the land is well cultivated for oats,
and will need to plant field two seasons
to get the land subdued, and get about
one large crop.
9th. If you intend to spread manure
over those fields, it is much better to
have the land plowed first and then let
manure be left on the surface, or harrow
ed when you harrow before planting.
9TH. 1t IS wonderful sight easier and
pleasanter to let the land grow mellow
itself, by letting those old grass roots die
and rot on their own hook and their. own
expense, than hurry their decay, in a
shorter length of time.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
From Colman's Rural World.
Facts for Farmers.

If you invest money in tools, and then
leave them exposed to the weather, it Is
the same as loaning money to spend
thrift without security-a dead loss IN both
classes.
If YOU harvest money in books and
never read them, it is the same as putting
your money into bank, but never draw
ing either principal or interest.
If you invest money in fine stock and
do not feed and protect them, and prop
erly care for them, it is the same as dress
ing your wife in silk to do kitchen work.
1fyou invest your money in choice fruits
and do not guard and give them chance
same as putting a good hand into the
field with poor tools to work with.
If you invest your money in good
farm and do not cultivate it well, it is the
same as marrying good wife and SO
abusing and enslaving her as to crush her
energies and break her heart.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23

John Cradle, writing to the Wathena
Reporter, lays down the following facts
The average life of peach-tree in a
natural way is about ten years; and by
judicious renewing system OF training
and pruning, may be made to grow
healthy and bear fruit from fifteen to
twenty years, this, particularly, includes
thinning the fruit.
About high and low lands for fruit
trees, I may remark, particularly for the
peach, low rich soil induces too rapid
and continued growth late in the Fall,
which leaves the tree in a green and sappy
condition, SO it readily freezes the tree as
well as fruit-buds
On high lands the soil is poorer and
drier, which induces q slower growth,
ripening the wood and shedding the
leaves before hard freezing sets in, render
ing it safe for the Winter.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
NIISSISSIPPI COLLEGE
CLINTON. MISS.

TINHE Twenty-third Annual Session of this
l. Institution will open Sept. II, 1873.
By order of the Board of Trustees the old
and usual college curriculum of studies has
been changed into the university system.
For the ensuing year the College will be or
ganized upon six Schools and Preparatory
Department, viz:
School of Mental and Moral Science, taught
by the President
School of Greek, Prof ~.
School of Latin, Prof H. c. Timberlake
School of Mathematics, Prof NJ. T. Martin.
School of Nat. Sciences, Prof. B. II. Whitfield.
School of English, Prof. --.
Preparatory Teacher, Prof D. s. Burch.
A student completing any one of these
Schools will be entitled to Diploma for the
same.
Arrangements are in progress also for full
and thorough Commercial Course, and also
for a Course in French and German
All the advantages afforded by our best In
situations of learning can be enjoyed in Mis-
sissippi College.
Board in private families, SIS to s18 per
month.
For further information send for catalogue,
or address the President Rev. w. s. Webb,
Clinton, Miss. w. I. RATLIFF,
iy3l 3m Pres. Board of Trustees.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
The Weekly Clarion.
THURSDAY, : OCTOBER %, 1873
4 nor sEHoLD GODDESS.

D;mpled, dainty, Internationally,
Ro>y-faced and round of limb,
WarnIsd with mother-wir In plenty,
Prudent. modest. spry, yet prim;
Lily-hauded. tiny-footed,
With an ankle clean and neat
Neatly gIoved and trinity booted,
Looking nice and smelling sweet!
SeIf-possess'd. subduing beauty
To sober sense of duty,
Chaste as Dian, plump as Hebe,
Such CUES. was little Phoebe.
49, 49, $50
In her very style of looking
There was cogniz2hce of cooking!
From her very dress was peeping
Indications of housekeeping
You mi ght gather in q minute,
AS she lightly passed you by,
She could with her whole heart in IL y
Nurse a babe or make pie.
Yet her manner and expression
Shook the foolish giants nerve
With their quiet self-possession
And their infinite reserve.
From White Rose and Red"
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
Ayers
HairVigor,
For restoring to Gray Hair its
natural Vitality and Color.

A dressing
which is at
once agreeable,
healthy, and
efectual for
preserving the
hair. 1t soon
restores faded
or gray hair
to ats original
color, aCith the
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23

ORCHARD GRASS. : Orchard grass
seems to be gaining favor at the South
as well as the North. A correspondent
of the Southern Farm and Home says
GAS orchard grass gets ripe at the same
date, holds the clover up for the scythe,
furnishes the best of early Spring and
Winter pastures, and as it will grow in
clumps, the clover only filling up what
would otherwise be bare, and as a good
stand of this grass is everlasting under
any rational sort of treatment, l prefer
the two mixed "
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
EDUCATIONAL.
f..
SALEM, VA.
Twenty.Eir~t Session, IS73-'5I, Be
gins Sept >, and Closes
june IL.

GOURSE of study as high as thatof any
~ College in Virginia.
Literary Societies OF first rank. Extensive
Libraries, Reading Room, Cabinet and Labor
atory-
Location unsurpassed in America.
The abundance of the Roanoke VALLEY rem
ders the expenses very moderate. For SEES
sion of ten month s, Including Board, Triton,
Fuel Lights, Washing, ETC., about $50.
Students from 10 States and Territories.
va For Catalogues and further i1forma-
ton address Rev. d. +. BITTLE, d d.,
ivlO 3m President.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
COpartnerShip.

II H. BOYD and N HALSEY BOYD having
- this day entered into partnership under
the name and style of j. II. Boyd x Son. for
the purpose of doing auc ion business to-
gether with furniture, lime, cement. plaster
hair, etc, consignment of goods of all kinds is
hereby solicited.
Having secured of the commodious store
rooms in the Neal Building, will be prepared
to make display of all goods that may be re-
ceived and also to store goods for the accom-
mod tion of others.
Furniture being our speciality, we will keep
an assortment of all kinds, and sell cheap
that it will not be to the interest of any one
who wants furniture to go elsewhere to buy.
The lime, cement, plaster and hair that we
keep is the best in the United States.
sep4 J. H. BOY ID & SON
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
Central Female Institute
Citation, Kinds Co.. Miss.
Rev. Walter Hilnan. IL. D.. President

A SISTED by large and able Faculty,
II will begin its Twenty-frst Academic
Year on Tuesday, September 23d.
The last session was eminently prosperous
Over twenty-three per cent. more pupils en-
tered than were in attendance the previous
year, and . greater number than had been
catalogued since 1e60-'6l.
The President having resigned the Presi-
dency of Mississippi 6Ollege, which he has
held jointly for the last six years. will here
stitute. By concentrating thus his entire ex-
perience and energies, he will doubtless be
able to elevate the character Of the institution
even above what it has hitherto possessed.
For catalogues or other information address
the President of the Faculty.
ROBERT KELLS.
President Board of Trustees.
Clinton, Miss, July -. 1873 jy31-3m
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
BARNUM'S HOTEL,
Corner Broadway and Twentieth St
NEW YORK.
On bOIh American md European
Plans.

COMPLETE with all modern improvements;
~ rooms en- suite and single; private par
lors, baths, elevators, etc. Location unsur-
passed, being in the very centre of fashion
and brilliant New York life. In proximity to
churches and places of amusement, and Lord
& Taylor's, Arnold Constable's and J. G.
JohnstOn's dry goods palaces. The hotel is
under the management of A. 8. Barnum, for
merly Of Barnum's Hotel Baltimore, /. N.
Green, Of Dayton Ohio. and recently Of New
York, and Freeman Barnum, Of Barnum's
Hotel, 81. Louis. au2S-am
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
SummerVille Institute.
A Boarding School for Boys and

GOumS Wen.
Eleven Miles from Shuqualak, Mobile and
Ohio Railroad.
Annual Session begins First Monday in Octo-
Der. Semi Annual Terms begins Third
Monday of February, and closes the
Last Thursday in June.
TTNHE Principal takes pride in announcing
i to the public the opening of the 2Ist An
nual Session of his School. Two additional
teachers have been employed, one a graduate
from FIVE of the leading schools of the Univer-
sity of Virginia; the other distinguished
graduate and Tutor from one Of the leading
colleges of the country.
No school, public private, shall surpass
Summervil1e Institute in the extent ard sound
ness of its instruction, and in the high tone
and bearing of its students.
All the elementary, commercial, mathemat-
ical, scientific and classical branches are
taught. French and German will receive es-
pecial attention.
Sixty student will be received.
For particulars address
Gholson P. O., Noxubee Co. Miss,
THOS. s. GATHRIGHT, A. NJ,
jy24-3m Principal
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1873-10-23
TO PREVENT GRAY HAIR,
THE

GLANDS Notwithstanding proved its vir-
y tues at Sixteen different Expositions and
Fairs. lis clear crystal; leaves no sui
phur or other bad smell on the hair, but fine
perfume. Never changes the hair TO ridiculous
red or pink, only natural light brown or
black is the result in few applications r.
Stains neither nands scalp or clothing. Cures
dandruff, stops the hair from falling out, ana
cures any headache within ten minutes.
j. F. Fugazi, Manufacturer and Proprietor,
New York City and Sacramento, Cal. Ash
your druggist, and give il fair trial g.. G.
WARD & BRO, Agents, 2l5 Main ST. Mem
phis.
BUCK & BAILEY,
mar2772-ly jackson, Miss.