Northern Ohio journal. [volume] (Painesville, Ohio) 1872-1896, 1873-11-01

AS you, kind reader, get you regulate
daily, weekly or monthly paper, do you
ever wonder how it is produced; we
mean the blank paper, pure and white.
ere the printers art lla6 converted it in
to an epitOme of news and information
does it ever occur to you that the plain.
business letter paper or daintily tinted
and perfumed note on which you do
your scribling may once have been a
portion of an elegant trousseau. or the
tattered remains of some panpers gown?
No, few give a thought as to how or
whence this most useful and almost in
dispensable article comes, although the
process of paper making is one of the
most interesting in the whole list of
manufactures. Among the materials
used in the manufacturer of paper may
be mentioned, silk, wooleh, fax, hemp
or cotton rags, stalks of sugar cane, corn,
cabbage, thistle, and holly-hock, straw,
slough5 grass, and. in fact, any Vegetable
whose fbrouS nature will enable it
cOhere, is fit for paper making, its
adaptability alone being governed by
cost of production. The first progress
in the manufacture of paper from
rags is the..sorting and cutting. This is
usually done by women; each woman
stands alta table frame, the top of which
is composed OF course wire cloth to per-
init the dirt and sand to pass through.
and at her side is a large box, with a
number of compartments, into which
the various grades of rags are deposited
as sorted and cut. Every piece is exam
ined, seaTne slipped open, and all but
tons, needles, pins, dirt, or anything
else that may be liable to inj ure the
machinery or damage the quality of pa
per, is removed. After this the rags 60
into al 2dusting machine. where all re-
manning particles of dust are effectually
beaten out. The rags being thus far
cleaned, haye to be boiled in an alkal-
inc lye. made more or less strong as the
rags are more or less colored, the object
being to get red of most of the coloring
matter. The method generally adopted
is that Cf placing the rags into large
cylinders, which are constantly, though
slowly, revolving, thus sausing the rags
to be constantly turned over, and into
which a jet of steam is forced with a
pressure of about thirty pounds to the
square inch. The next process is mac
Grating which is done by very simple
machine, consisting of two or more cylin-
ders, furnished with numerous cutters.
Under the centre of each cylinder is a
row of fixed cutters set somewhat OBJ
lique, against which when in motion, the
rags are drawn by the rapid rotation of
the cylinders. and thus reduced to the
smallest filament requisite, the distance
between the fixed and movable blades
being capable of an adjustment. The
rags are first worked coarselv with a
stream of water runnig through the en-
gine, which tends effectually to wash
them rs we'll as to open the fibers; after
this the mass is placed into another en-
gine, where if necessary it is bleached
with an admixture of chloride of lime,
which is retained in the engine until its
action becomes apparent. The pulp is
then put into large slate cisterns to steep,
prior to being reduced to suitable con-
sistency by the beating engines, as
already mentioned. The rolls or CYL
inders of the beating engine are always
made to rotate much faster than when
employed in bleacl ing or washing.
The introduction of coloring matter in
| connection with the paper manufacture
is accomplished by its intermixturer
| with the pulp, while in the process ol
| beating in this machine.
Our space necessarily eompels us tC
omit description of the various ma.
chimes, and cOnfine ourselves more par.
| ticlarly to the manufacture. The pull
| flowing from the reservoir of the beating
engine into the litter. and thence through
| a strainer, passes over a small lip OF
ledge to continuous wire, being there
partially compacted by the shaking mo-
ton, and more thoroughly so on its pas
| sage over air boxes it now passes ON
continuous felt, between the first press
| ing, rollers, then by peculiarly arranged
rollers it is turned over so as TO receiv,
a corresponding pressure on the othe
side, and from thence on to the dyin.
cylinders, which are heated to certain
temperature by steam; the cylinde
| which receives the paper first bein;
heated less than the second, the secon'
less than the third and so on; after pas
sing over these cylinders it is finall
| wound upon a reel, unless it be printin,
paper, which can be sized sufficieutl
in the pulp, in which case it may be a
once conducted to the cutting machines
to be divided into lengths and width
desired. If intended for fine book, it
! guided as it issues from the machin
through a tub of size, thence over skele
ton drums. inside of which are q mum
Der of rapidly revolving fans; same mill
have as many as forty or fifty of thes
drums in succession, the whole confine
in a room heated bv steam. Paper ms
chiEes frequently measure from the wir
cloth where the pulp first flows OH, t
the cutting machine at the extremity
, no less than one thousand feet. The ps
per being thus made and cut mp int
: marketable sizes, is sorted and all impel
: feet sheets thrown out. Those that al
passed as perfect are counted into quirG
| afterwards into reams and are then pacl
ed weighed and sent to the warehous,
{ Some newly invented presses requii
, the paper in rolls, cutting it up after til
r printing is completed, thus obviatin
, The necessity of cutting it into sizes at til
l mills, and saving great amount of tin
to both paper manufacturer and pril
4 ter. $3.50.
The immense amount of wheat stra
! produced in the great grain raising di
trict of the West. renders that cOmmdit
+ one of the paper makers greatest aids,
e the manufacture of the cheaper gI AIDES
paper. In order to reduce straw to
suitable consistency for paper maxim:
| it is placed i'm a boiler with large quar-
t tity of alkali, and with the pressure
4 steam ebual to 120 aud sometimes to Ii
e pounds per square inch the eXtene he.
t being attained i'm super-heating the stea
o after it leaves the boiler, by passing
0 through o coiled pipe over a fire, an
a thus the silica becomes destroyed, an
o the straw softened to a pulp, whicl
Z I
s washing it in cold water, is SUBSEQUENT
y bleached and beaten in the ordinary ia
e machine. Straw is used in Considerab
r quantities, combined with rag or woo
fiber, for the manufacture of cOmmo
), print paper, but it is altogether too bri
T. tai when used alone. Ii, however, it
:, unsuited to the finer grades of printir
paper, its cheapness renders it peculiar
Y applicable for wrapping paper, stray
e boards, roting felt, plastering paper, al
+ many other purposes, thousands of tol
:, being consumed annually in their ma
n ufacture.
e Several patents have been issued f;
It preparing paper pulp entirely fro
Is wood. One of these inventions is veI
d simple, consisting merely of a wOodt
II box enclosing grindstone, against fo'
l.! or five blocks of wood are kept in clio
r. contact by means of flevers. Small STREAM
d of water are constantly running upt
u makers, who have merely to mix it wi
rag or prepared straw pulp, in such br
ID portions as the quality of paper to
a made requires, when it is ready for us
,r We have seen-samples of this materi
lie that equals all rag so far as We are ab
it to judge. This Invention has broug
within our reach an unlimited supply
Y, paper sto, X, and tends to keep the prize
I'll at q reasonable rate, nOtwithstandil