The New York herald., 1873-10-18
FORES
Report of the Session of the Most
Important Congress OF the
Vienna Exhibition.
PROTECT THE FORESTS.
International Discussion Of Land and
Forest CulturiStS.
Resolutions for Preserving and
Cultivating the Trees.
Decrease Of Water Volume in the Ohio, Hud-
son, Elbe, Rhine and Other Rivers.
Need of international Treaties for
the Protection Of European
River Commerce.
Lessons from Antiquity and from
Modern Times.
Egypt and Salt Lake-Mehemet Ali and
Brigham Young.
Decrease Of Water Volume in the 0hio Hud.
son, Elbe, Rhine and Other Rivers.
Need Of International Treaties for
the Protection Of European
River Commerce.
Lessons from Antiquity and from
Modern Times.
Egypt and Salt Lake-Mehemet Ali and
Brigham Young.
THE LESSONS OF VIENNA.

VIENNA, Sept. %, 1873.
The most important Congress held this year in
Vienna was closed yesterday. The first Interna-
tonal Congress OF Land and Forest Culturists, the
members of which were yesterday taken on vari-
GUS excursions, has left behind it some exceedingly
valuable resolutions bearing on the good OF the
culturists of the soil. The first series of resolu-
tons were to petition the Austrian government to
take measures for inauguratlng international trea
ties with other European States Tor the purpose
Of giving protection to those birds which are use
full TO agriculture. In second series OF resou-
tions the Congress recognized the fact OF lack Of
scientific basis for land and forest culture; and
that the various governments must be induced
60 publish exact statistical comparative data
as to the condition and progress made in
these departments in the various lands The erec-
tion OF agricultural and forest cultural expert
mental stations was likewise urged The conclud-
ing series OF resolutions were TO us the most in
teresting OF all, and referred TO question which
has at last been recognized as vital TO own
agricultural and commercial well-being-the ques-
tion OF
THE PRESERVATION OF THE FORESTS.
The Congress was made important by the fact Of
Its members being for the most part men of science
and practical culture and that 1t was presided
over by the Austrian Minister OF Agriculture, Won
Chlumecky. Several governments sent special
representatves-the Italian, the Dutch, the Ger
man, the Belgian. the French, the Hungarian, not
forgetting the United States, in the person Of DR..
Warder Altogether the jury hail must have
held at least 300 or 400 deputies, cer-
tainly the most intelligent and earnest body
OF men ever assembled in that pavilion, not ex-
ceptng the Exposition jurors, who were frequently
fetched from the highways and byways to fill their
important positions Austria played in the gather
Ing the leading role which one will object to II
the Minister OF Agriculture ulfls the promises he
has made OF aiding in carrying out the resolutions
passed by the Congress. In closing the meeting
he said that he wished the result OF the discus
sion might not remain idle words, but that the
various governments may be induced to take an
earnest interest in them. He said :-"In the reso-
utions the Congress has left to the Austrian govern
ment, and to me as the head or the Ministry OF
Agriculture, q series OF missions. can give you
the assurance that l. for my part, shall do my best
to promote and further what has been done.
will cooperate with all the means at my CON-
mand.n Thus you see where Austria finds 1t
necessary for her own interests she not only gives
an official sanction to these congresses, but allows
one OF her Ministers to be elected President.
THE RESOLUTIONS RESPECTING THE FORESTS.
The discussion on forest culture by the Congress
was exceedingly interesting and instructive. The
resolutions were supported by young, earnest
hardt, OF Neustadt-Eberswade, who made an in
teresting, weworded and convincing speech.
The resolutions as they were then adopted by the
Congress read as i0llows:-
The International Congress of Land and Forest cu-
/ We recognize the that in order to ehectuaIy
cheek the continually increasing devastation OF the
Ses sre Ge Il 1l 10 h
ton and proper cultivation dor the end IN view Of those
sTeat rsers Since i snoMn that through heir ira
volume Of waier causing dstrmen, to trade and com
IN Of the banks banks and Of agricultural
We uTher recognize it to be the mutual duty of all
civilized lands and to cultivate all such for
Cultural and oterwise0oi the land such as those on
sandy coasts the sides and crowns as well as on the
other exposes PAGES that International principles
tecng Q. "gSrdan forests be subject thus to preserve
s. We recognize iaTiher that we have presen.
sufficient knowledge Of the evils disturbances in ma
and therefore that the efforts OF Legislators should be d
rected causing exact data to be gathered relating
fourth resolution was to the effect that the
Austrian Ministry of Agriculture should be re-
quested to enter into communication with other
states towards efiecting the purpose OF the con-
gress-of attaining International agreements
among other European states respecting the pre-
servatlon ana culture oil the forests.
THE DECREASE OF WATER In RIVERS.
Much has been written both IN Germany and In
and consequently on agriculture on the water
courses and ON health. Instances where the
CROWN VI OBSTRUCTION OF forests nave mad marked
influence on the river systems, through the rain
fall, can be recorded by the score, not only In
Europe but In the United States. The diminution
OF the water volume OF the Ohio River Is at this
moment attracting serious attention. In the first
quarter OF the century 1t was navgabe the whole
year for the largest vessels, but Is now available
but for six months In the year, and growing beau
tifuy lessu The same thing is said OF the Hudson
as l find In an American article handed me the
other day In the congress- 'It is notorious that -
saws my authority, "even with vast northern
forest remaining intact the water supply OF the
Hudson grows less with every year, and It's navL
CATION more and more dficult. But for the large
annual outlays for the Improvement OF its chan
nels and the construction OF artificial remedies,
the upper portion OF the river, between New Bal
timore and Troy, would long since nave been prac,
cases with u.s. and trust Professor Marsh Will in
cude in the new edition Of his MAN and Nature'-
work largely quoted by German writer's on the
influence OF the iorest-all the cases OF
rivers that have been noted In the various states.
When the results Of delorestaton are seen and ap-
preciated as they show themselves at home then
we snail be ready 10 learn from the experiences OF
these older and stil worse deorested countries OF
Europe, though ior the matter OF tnat, Europeans
point 10 America Tor evidences Of def0restaton In
the New England States and elsewhere, as warn
ing 10 their own countrymen
EUROPEAN RIVERS
An Italian referred to the United States In this
relation yesterday. lie gave no particulars, how
ever, and have no works on American forests to
aid me In adducing them here. But then we have
scores OF striking cases OF the effects OF
tion on the rivers OF Europe proving the necessty
ofnternatonal treaties for protecting the sources
OF the great water arteries. We need only refer to
ane nnlno. .ne Eine and the oder, all OF which have
O lower water mark than formerly. According to
measurements taken at Atenbruch, In Hanover.
the low-water lsunmer) mark OF the Elbe repre.
sented IN l7s7 lorty,elght Hamburg feet; in 1912,
fcet-showing O diminished supply IN half
n centpy Qf ten Ieet, The s0prcea Of the