The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1873-09-13
Points i'm "a Good HIiiker.

ton varies much from the characters
tics peculiar to the sex. First of all,
see that the animal has feminine
appearance-a cowy look. The next
| thing to be looked after is thedigestive
apparatus, particularly the stomach
and bowels, A large and strong boiler
is not more essential to the power of
an engine, than a large and vigorous
stomach Is to the production of milk.
A COW cannot make milkFout of moth
ing. If she gives large flow, she must
eat and digest large amount of food
to make it from, and she must have a
stomach equal to the task one that
has capacity to hold and power to
digest enough to manufacture the milk
out Of
When the digestive organs are rela
lively larger than the other viscera,
they give depth and breadth to the
abdomen, and Ii somewhat wedge
sheped form-the body tapering for
ward.
The large stomach and bowels mark
diathesis III which the fluids abound;
| a condition, as will readily be under.
| stood, very essential to a large flow of
milk and the depth and breadth of
the lumbar region, indicate large de-
velopment and flow Of blood, and vital
influence to all parts surrounding and
connected with the milk producing
vessels. Gaunt COWS are small mixers.
4 good constitution Is important.
This may be judged of by the luster
of the hair and the brilliancy of
the eyes and horns. Constitution
depends mostly upon the heart and
lungs, the size of which may be deter
mined by the depth and breadth of the
thorax. They should have good de-
velCpment, enough to secure health
and yigor, but the lungs, in particular,
should not be excessively large. When
very large they Durn up, by increased
respiration, the fat-formlng material
BY the extraordinary energy they
create, they induce unusual exercise
and motion, which make rapid waste
of tissue aud a rapid assimilation to
repair It, and thus divert nutrimeut
from producing milk. Ii too small,
the animal may be an excellent mixer
while she lives, but viii be feeble and
short lived.
The capacity Of the lungs corresponds
with the size of the aperture through
which they are filled. Large, open
nostrils indicate large lungs, and rice
Uersu. In the same way the indications
of the mouth correspond with the size
of the stomach
THE UDDER AND ESCUTCHEON.
The udder should be large and capa-
cious. 1t need not be feshy. 1t should
be broad and reach well forward A
large development of the fore part of
the bag is a more certain indication of
quantity than the back part. The
teats should be set wide apart, and be
of good size for handling. Teats which
are small next to the udder, denote
small tubes inside the bag, which, OF
course, is unfavorable to quantity.
The flow of blood to and from the
udder helps TO determine the inclina-
ton TO secrete milk. The arteries
which supply the milk vessels with
blood reach the bag inside, and are not !
seen externally, but having supplied |
those organs with blood, they pass |
through the udder and ramify on the |
surface above and outside of the bag, |
turning the hair Ill the direction IN |
which they run, upwards and Outwards, |
forming the escutcheon of GuenOn.
The size of the escutChe0n IS re- |
garded as the measure of the quantity |
of blood supplied to the milk-produc- |
ing vessels, and is evidence Of their |
capability of celebrating milk. In the |
same way the veins take mp the blood |
and carry 1t back in the milk veins, |
which pass through the bag and along |
the body, and enter the body through |
ono ~. moro bn. ae IN, +batr NV 70 tho |
heart The size of these milk veins |
and the holes where they enter the |
body vary with the escutcheon. AMI, |
like it, give evidence of the quantity of |
venous blood passing away from and |
through the udder, and they have the |
same significance, with reference to |
quantity, as the supply of arterial |
blood and the size of the escutcheOn. |
But none of these indications taken |
singly is an infailible evidence of large |
yield. They must be considered to- |
gether a large escutcheOn and milk /
veins, coupled with a small stomach, |
would be marked down at least one |
half of what they might otherwise |
signify. And large digestive appa-
ratus, coupled with small milk veins
anu escutcheon, should be marked |
down in the same way. Keeping the |
leading indications in view, observa-
ton will soon enable one to make close |
estimates.
RICHNESS.
Soft, fine hair is by my -,arded |
as an evidence of richness, and oftener |
than otherwise it proves true. But |
some COWS that give the very richest |
have hair that is quite coarse and |
harsh. The appearance of the skin is
a guide. \ clear white, or pale skin Is
an evidence, either that yellow fat is not |
formed, or if formed, the peculiaritles
of the animal are such that it Is used up |
in supporting respiration. When it is |
so ABUNDANT as to lodge IN the pores Of |
the skin and give it a yellow color, it |
may be expected to appear also ia the |
milk and give it the same color High /
color and richness seldom fail to go |
together, hence a yellow skin becomes |
an evidence of rich milk. But tsome- /
times happens that the skin Is Of such I
a hue that the yellow fat does not affect /
its color. The appearance of the skin
then has no significance.
The tat OF animals IS stored IN Il net
work of cells, called cellular tissue. |
and an abundance OF these cells is /
coupled with a tendency ID form fat /