davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1873-10-23

Tho National Board OF Trado, at it's session
yesterday, commenced tho serious work of tho
week. Tho topics presented for discussion were
the Bankruptcy Iaws, tho Shipping Interest,
tho nocessitios for tho creation of Departments
of Commerce and Trade, undor tho chargo Of tho
General Government, aud Transportation. Tho
report Of the Committee Of the Executive Coun-
Gil on amendments to the Bankruptcy law Of
1867, was in the interest of bringing settle-
ments into tie hands of debtors and creditors.
It contained fro recommendations; /. Tho abo-
litlon Of tho whole System Of fees md Bubstitu-
tion Of fixed salarios. 2. The enlargement of
tho discretionary powers Of Assignoes. Q. The
appointment Of committee of creditors
10 authorize settlements direct sales, and audt
Assigneos' accounts. 4. Tho..comploto admipis-
tration on property to dovo1yo upon this Com
mitteo and Assignee. &. THO fixing by United
States law Of property exempt from assignment.
Three resolutions were presented on tho Hhip-
ping question, tho first providing for Congress
sional bounties to shipbuildors; tile second,
releasing from duty all articles OF foreign pro-
duotion needed for subsistence and uso on yes-
soils; and the third, allowing tho purchase Of
tonnage wherever built or owned, aud its
protection undnr the American lag. The
resolutions gaVo riso to long discussion,
which was In tho main hostile to giving
any protection to shipbuilders, and, at
its closo. the resolutions wero defeated seriatim,
although it ia probable thRt tho second and third
may be reconsiderod today. Tho report Of tho
Chairman of tho Board, iuolosing draft Of
bill for tho establishing Of another Executive
Department Of the Government, to have charge
of all mattors pertaining to commerce aud nayi-
CATION, was referred buck again to tho Exocu-
tive Committee, with instructions to proBs tho
muttor on Congress. Another report, in favor
Of establishing uilni1ar Department of Trade,
was postponed. The last report of tho day was
Oh Transportation, and was made the special
order for this morning. Tho report, in sub
stance, ID III favor Of Congressional prevention
Of unjust railroad determinations, and of plac-
lug q permanent ehock upon railroad exactona
by fostering competition by water routes-tho
BGmo position which was taken by A1r. Morgan
in his recent Bpcecl1,
, 1873-10-23

Tho Farmere' Convention commenced It's 8cs-
aion. yesterday, with delegates in attendance
from Illinois, Iowa, WIsconaln, 1nliana, md
New York. During tho day, nothing waa nc
comrlishel beyond efrccting permanent Of
gauization by tho election Of James II. Allon,
President, and 8. II. Smith and 3: 7. L. Prime,
Secretaries, and tho appointment Of committees.
At the evening session, tho question Of trans
rortatfon was brought up by tho introduction OF
resolutions favoring lilo construction Of ship
canal from tho Atlantic soaboard, pia tho lalsos
aud tho Illinois md NfiBsiBsippi Rivers, to the
onlf Of Mexico; also, air-lino double-trac1s
freight-roada to Now York City. Tho roaolu-
tionB oliclloa long and spirited, but somewhat
dohultory, discussion, which resulted in their
roferonco to the Committee on Resolutions,
, 1873-10-23

ne''fs, desert their posts Of duty, assumo khe
management Of all party assen,11ies, and continue
to uso patronage as a party lcucr. II theBo
gontlomen wore suro that thotr Illicit uso Of
o1ilcial powor was Btcrnly daapprovod, thoy
would hardly bo SO cngor to shout for Qou,
bntlor III Massachusetts, or to manage tho
Convention in Now York, or to tako tho Logls-
'atnre up tho rlvor In Louisiana" It will DO
soon TINT Mr. Curtis docs not hositnto to p1aco
tho responsibility for tho cyla Of our Civil sor-
vico where It properly bolongs,-wIth President
Grant. 11o says TINT tho pooplo hayo
no meana Of ascortaining positively wltothor
tho Civil.servioo ruloa aro observed with
rogard to tho subordinate places, Whether
tho appointments in this class aro mado
upon proper examination or not, but they do
know that President drant docs not promote IN
efacicnt Deputy whom Postmaster Is removed
thnt no docs not romovo Postmaster Filloy, Of
1t. Louis (and ho might have addod tho Oolloo-
tor Of Customs in Now York, tho Naval OiIloor
and Surveyor Of Baltimore), when they aro
guilty Of tho n1ost lagrant violations of
tic rules TINT ho docs not accopt tho resigna-
tfon Of Collector Oasey, Of New Orloana, though
his offonsos hayo boon frequent md outrageous.
He says that all these aro tangible faotB, not
isolated, but constantly recurring" and TINT, as
tho Presidents will Is tho spring Of tho whole
novemont, his roa1 disposition upon tho Bub-
joot oan bo seen moro p1ainly in his discretion
ary notion" than in tho hiddon processes of do
partmonts. hr. Curtis thus finds tho suspicion
OF tho people as to tho genuiuonoss Of tho re-
form to ba well founded, and tho whole tonor Of
Ills article leaves no doubt that ho
only differs from tho pooplo in k'sosofng
that tho spirit Of tho roform docs not prevail
while tho people ouly suspect 1t. I1e charges It
MS tho rule Of the present Civil Service that pub
Lie officers everywhere are busy with "parsy
management and intrigue" Instead Of tho duties
Of their positions, aud that thiB Ia tho roason
why "the reform is tho open gbo Of the oppo-
Bition, and the secret doubt of itB friends in the
Republican party" Altogether, ho br1ngs tho
most singing Indictment against tho Adminis-
tratlon that has jet been mado in this relation,
and tho Republican press may now begin to aoe
TINT Mr. Ourtis' resignation was not entirely
monninglosa.
, 1873-10-23
THE CITY TREASURER.

The Staats-Zetung Lag au article pronobing
various conuudrums to the City Treasurer, want
ing to know whether Mr. Gage has pad all Of
tho interest on tito city doposita into the City
Treasury whethcr the city mopoyis 80 depos-
lied that If it waB all called for In Ill instant of
time 1t would MI 10 forthcoming whether auy
Of tho city money was usol to prevent ba,.ls
from failing during tho panio, etc., otc.
Thoro is another conuntlrum wcl, wo wiat, to
PROFOUND to tho iaaats-Zeitaag, viz: ho,o much
intorest on city dopoBits was paid Into tho Guy
Treasury during all tho timo TINT Mr. losing
was potent in city politica2 Or, II TINT form Of
putting 1t is not satisfactory, low much intorest
on city deposits was paid Into tho Treasury
prior 10 tho election Of afr. Gago9 It ias boon
officially sa!od that hIr. uago has puld Into tho
Treasury sl9o,829.07 In tic way Of intorcut
on city deposits. 1s not tint f130, ,B2907
more than WIS paid hy a1l hfs prcdo.
casaors put togethor7 Wo yonturo to my
that 1t ia e190,82o.07 moro than any
1Ioalng politician, or Mr. IIosIng himself,
would ]lavo paid. There III no law requiring tho
City Trcaauror to l'ay ono cont Of intorest Into
the Treasury. Whon hlr. dago was nominated
four yaars ago, tho utmost olrorta woro uaol to
got aomo expression from the olquo tint Mr..
Heslng was Identified with on tho aubtoct OF
paying intcrcst on tho city doposits, but IN vaIn.
Tloy ignored 1t in tho campaign and dofoatod 1t
In the Common Council. Thotr theory waa that
, 1873-10-23

HOW " 01T1ZENS" ARE MANUFACTURED.
The curious citizon, by Visiting tho oillces Of
tho Clorka of the Superior, Circuit, or Criminal
Courts Of this county, may sEitnoBs tho process
by which American oitizonH arc manufactured.
Wholesale busiu~zta is now going On. It ia
well that tho Clor1ts Of these Courts should un-
derstand that tlis business Of naturalization is
regulated by inv, md that neglect Of tho law
not only vitlatea tho assumed naturalization, but
ronders tho officers issuing such papcrs liable to
aoyero ponnltios.
Naturalization Is a judicial proceeding, and
tho finding Of Court thereon Is Judgment.
Clerk cannot perform judicial act. Tho appli-
cation to be admitted to citizenship must bo
mado In opon court. It Is not sufficient that It
DO mado boforo tho Clork out of court. (Sce
second clause Of 300. l. act Of April H. 1922
soo. Of tho act Of May 40, 1924, provides
that tho declaration Of intention to become
citizon may be made before tho Olork of tho
Court this leaves tho rest of tho act Of 1902 In
forco, requiring application for citzonship to bo
mado and proofs to bo presented before
tho Court. Tho Judges Of tho aoyoral
courts Of this county wero 30 strongly i'm
prcaaod with tho Importance Of supprcssiug tho
.praotce Of illegal naturalization 30 1ongin vogue
horo, that, some years ago. they jointly ordered
thnt all applications should DO presented to
them In opon court, to DO determined by them az
in any other judioal proceeding. Tor that pur-
poHo courts wora hold md oaeh yoar Binco
thcn Judge has hold court for that pt,rposo
Ia this wiso procaution to be abandoned? j? AFRO
tho Clerks Of these Courts to be permitted to 70
on issuing certificates of citizenship upon no
other warrant or authority than tho prcsonta-
tion Of printed card bearing tho namo Of
Miles Kehoo"7 Is Miles Kohoo judicial
officer, competent to perform judicial act or
to render 4 julgment7 Is ho legal fuuc-
tionary whose orders and dccreos tho Clorks Of
tho several Courts acknowledge aa binding
upon thom ? Wo ask Tor information, and NO
shall rcpeat tho inquiry until this reckless
travcsty Of Inv, under tho noses Of our Courts,
is stopped.
, 1873-10-23

froIglita wore moderately active and 16o
lower, cloHing Mt 30 for corn to
Buffalo. Flour waa quiet and unchanged.
Whoat was loss actfye, and ssoatly on cash, which
closed at 41.0l wl,ilo 10 iowor for November,
closing at $l.0a1(. Corn was actlvo, md 4o
lower. closing at 372{o casl,, and 3sho sollor
November. Oats woro nctivo mud stcn1y, closing
at 32}Go cash or sellor November. nyo was dull
aud 10 lower, ut 62@09o. Dar1oy was active mud
Bteady closing ut 81 30 for No. q, and 61.00 for
No. Q. Hogs sold slowly ut a doclino Of 10c
closing wonk at e3.8o@4.40. Tho oatt1o and
shoop markets wcre dull md weak.
, 1873-10-23

Tho financial news this morning is Of 4 gonoral
nature rather than local to New York, where the
slsuation remains unchanged. Tho principal ox-
citomont On Wall street was the question wheth-
or tho President did or did not soy tbat lo WIS
in favor of purchasing s5,ooo,o 900 in foreign OK
change and s10,000,000 moro Of bonds, and
intended to draw on tho legal.toulor
roserve at tho rato Of e8,0O0,000 por wook
Tor Horno wcokB to come. Tho Secretary of tho
Treasury insists that tho President did not ear
80, while ono New York flnnncior, who inter-
viowod tho President, and another, who re-
ceiyod letter from him On tho subject, ill.,
siRt that ho did. Meanwhile, tho prosi-
don't Ia thinking groat doal about it
and Haying nothing, "a usual. Tho Now York
Clearinghouse will hold meeting to-day to
consider tho subject. Tho only otl1or items Of
financial interest aro TINT tho indebtedness of
tho New York banks ia 914,o00, 900 1argor
than 1t WAS last year at this timo;
that Secretary Richardson ia in favor
of Issuing series Of currency bonds,
into groeubaoks and back into bonds
at the holders option that tho Comptroller Of
thc Currency is in favor Of issuing $4,000 000
moro Of groenbacks, and 1eveling mp tho bank
ing capital with 1t by distribution in
'ho Wost and South, instead Of taking
lint amount from tho Eastern banls; and TINT
'he Western Bar-lron Association las detcrmin-
I'd to roduco thoeprico Of iron, which involves
ho reduction Of tho wages Of employees.
, 1873-10-23
4 Now 4sQK-AbnrOo,

IF Taharyo n ,vo1t.krou,, olan,i,4 ~ r u...
Fronco ;a ranoTtea n hovo rond naua, hssans s'1
flo Ac,demv NJ ecloncoa PAWS on IT, ,ot1, =.
Inns Inst. in wl;o,, In oaime1 r. hava t1ison1o.
nd that hvfrocan paa IL a comnonna IT, stataa
t}at he lan diyilod It into two olomcnta ona ~
wh;c, oa on1v onc.te,,tr tl,o onooHo ,rar;.,. ~.
hvi7rooon. w],ioh haa hitharto haon ro1o~;,o3 ~
tho ljcbtogt Of all kuown subntances. hoin1 on1v Nv
o.o,o9 tho weight NJ an ooual vol,,mo ~ atr ~
tho Same temperature and prosauro.
Tho new eas ia said to differ tota11v rror,
hydrogen in its chemical proportioa. bo;n1 n
non-supportor Of combustion. ami ;1oatit,,ta ~
tasto. color, or emel1, Its most ramorlat1o
pronerry. however. liz its extrome lovitv which 10
10000 times creator than tint Of aisti,od
water or A. cubio foot nj lin eort,.,a aurfooo
would weigh but a little over two grains. In
view Of this extraordinary property it js pro
posed to namo tho new gas, Abaron from a
Crock particle mud root, sgnifyine ,oi,hout
tretqhs. Tho old name, hydrogen, will in that
case be appliod to tho leayier constituent Of t1,e
gas which combines with oxygen to form wator.
Tho first poiut that will naturally sucpos.
itsolf to tho render, probably ia Tint. will tlo
d,ecoyory of Abarou. tho problem Of noria1 INV.
igatiou ie practically solved. Being son,o twan.
ty-ayo times lighter than onr cnr}nrotta1 i,v.
dinurily iutIatod, It would Give to vorv- small
elobo tho buoyancy necessary to enable nor-
Bon to float through tho air. and could be aefo1v
caead within an enyelopo of aluminium ,vhici,
ia not posaiblo with tic coal ems. owing to tho
crootcr bulk REQUIRED by tho more i]onao mn.
torial, Certainly. il the Abaron can In manu.
faotured in larco ounutitjoa. avon tbone1, tho
PROCESS should bo costly onc It won1d ho
gladly taken hold of by thu noronout ~
couran tho nrohlon NJ atoo,,n,r t,,o ~
loon would still remain, hnt I'm AIM.
Guilty in tia NAV NJ acconn1s1,ino tha.
daa;rab1o reHn,t vnr,a In m,o,, ,os. H., -.
nrosont In nronortion r. t1,a d;,n,,,;.,,a .,.taa
nroaente to tho c,rrant NJ oir IN txh,n .,a n",
ioon ,yor,d n,ovo ""@'~AA 'A'o 0"A'
~ ia soiontifo ,nvost,n,.o ,.. .,n
a,.oovar,, ~ a,,n - ~ ,,s;,, !. As' .,,' wv
,,,ans IT,. ,,o.a a...,I;' ~, w. " ~, eaoo ~
norhoas ~ ,nss nsaat;a,1 'N'' =, o I.1s,a ao
ao'annn, n .as ps.os.s"4' 49,, -. nsa1oa 10
, 1873-10-23

The best evidence that we have soon OF ma
terial progress toward civilization In Japan Is
tho amended criminal code reported in q lste
number Of tho Japan Mau. Until recently
barbarous code, made 150 yeara ago, has been
the criminal law OF tho land. Asow comparisons
Of tho old and new will illustrate tho p1ogress
that Inns been made. For kidnapping children,
the old penalty was decapitation and Ok
posuro On tho aoatold; tho now law
penal sorvitude for ton years. Stealing waa for
merly punished, If tho property etolon was
Of greater valuo than tor yon, by dcath; tho
sovorcst penalty IL DOW IN priHonmont for life.
It Was death under the old law to receive stolen
property, and tho e1tromo penalty Ia now ten
years imprisonment. Selling human bonga in
to bondage was punished by death. Under
tho old law there was variety Of crimes
which wore punished with decapitation aud ex-
posure, crucia1ion, ahd other cruel forms
Of death, for which strangling haa boon
substituted In all crimes IN which hui
man life has been sacrificed. Tho
ancient codc punished all forms Of adultery with
death, but it is now punished With panal soryi-
tudo, ono year for ordinary cases, aud longer
term for what tho Japanoso regard as oxaggor-
atod casea. 1ncendiariHna, which was formerly
punished with roasting alive, is atin punished
with doath, but without tho cruelty of tho old
form. Gamblers were formerly baniahed, but
are now imprisoned for only eighty daya.
, 1873-10-23

| hydrogen, aa aundorod from It's n1lion will,
Abaron. Dooa TINT, too, exhibit now propor-
tioa3 LAS 1t loat or Increased its affinity for
oxygen, which gives rfBe to tho brilliant p{lo-
nonona Of combustion? And, especially. doos
it, or docs IL not, exhibit moro tlooIdod|y tho
properties which caused It to 10 suspected, nonrly
twonty yoara ago, OF belonging to Ll.o famly Of
metals 2 ThoHe aro very interesting questions
to which wo llavo at present, no answer, But
even groator In interoHt will bc tho ascortaIncd
behavior Of tho two now olo.neute wJ,eu
submitted to tho toBt Of tho enonlro.
scope. What changes may occur iu tlo
oharhotor OF tho three principal (old)
hydrogen linos, which aro located reBpcc.
tlvoly III the rcd, bluo, and violet nor.
tons OF tho spectrum; Perhaps 1t may bo
1onnd that one belongs to tho new hydrogen, IN.
other to Abaron, and tho third Ia only exhibited
whom tho two e]omonts arc In union. If so, wo
may, porhaps, bo able to 500 our way q Ittlo
noarer towards tho rcason why most of the no.
called elomonta give moro than ono limo, and OK
hplt them In di0orert portions Of tho spectrum:
point on which aomo spocu1atioua wero 3D.
vancod nearly four yours ago In tho columns OF
Ins TRIBUNE. 6tili further, 1t Is not improba-
DO that thonow olomont, Abaron, will ho found to
81'e tue mysterious limo in tho greon portion Of
sae spectrum which has boon discovered in the
nGht OF tho Aurora, and that from tho exterior
OF tho solar corona, but which has not hitherto
oeen identified wsh any known Bubstauco On the
earth'a surface. II thiB should bo 30. wa al,nu
then DO able to do much moro than p,,esa fca at
presently in regard to tho material that lorna }ho
outer envelope aliko Of aun and hahitnh1o
pianeta that possibly got lingers lovingly around
sho moon, and connects tho rolling orbs with
tho ethorial oxpRnBo through Which thov mr..
, 1873-10-23

The Postmaster General yesterday issued an
order which is Of general interest In tlH city.
It increases tho number Of lottor-carriers thir-
teen, which giyea Chicago in alt 40 carriers, and
establishes five new postal stations, to he known
ma the North, Northwest, South, Southwest, and
stock-Yards stations; and appropriatcs about
$4,000 per annum for the cxponaos Of each.
This substantial increase Of postal facilities ia
ono which Inns long boon ncedod aud will rolieve
tho main Office of the pressure upon 1t, besides
more thoroughly accommodating thoae living
In tho outskirts Of tho city,
, 1873-10-23

few days. anco, mado great speech yesterday
iii Birmingham. In which he reviewed tho pollt.
ical topca Of tho day, III his allusons to tho ro-
lations Of Great Dlitaiu and tho United gtatos,
he once moro appeared as tho ataunch
friend aud advocate OF thia country. Roforring
to the constant Talk about tho hr1mtliations Of
the Washington Ircaty, &lr. Bright iutlulgel in
some plain home talk, and notified Lis hearers
that the real humiliation Of England was botwceu
the years 1861 and 1865, md that, If tho press
and aristooraoy OF England Lad observed ordi-
nary fafrneEs ut that time, thero would Layo
boon no occasion for the troaty at all.
, 1873-10-23

The reports from tho South concerning the
progress Of tho yellow foyer pestilence arc again
Of the most gloomy description. A warm rain at
Memphis, for thopast day or two, Inns aggravated
Registrar and Secretary of tho Board Of Health
being among tho victims yesterday. In Colum~
bus, Hiss, tho fever has broken out in worry yio-
lent form, and those who can are flying from
tho city. At several points in Texas, also, the
mortality is on tho increase.
, 1873-10-23

Undor tho proHout Jury law, every voter is
required, If callod upon, to sorve his country in
tho laborious, it not altogethor heroic, capacity
Of petit juror for tho space Of two weeks oyery
two yearg. It ia a clear case Of patriotism, as
tho State gives no other compensation for this
servico than 10 cents mile for tho number Of
mileB actually travelled in going to and rotlr1,-
ing from the court-Room. Though 1t is en-
inonty proper TINT every citizen should
be required to do bis full share of
jury work, tt is altogether improper
that he should be required to do it for nothing.
The fact that no compensation is allowed is a.
great hardship on o largo portion Of those whose
time is arbitrarily occupied by tho State In this
uncongenial and Improbable employment. Wo
ha7o caao in mind which can hardly be an OK
ception, and is more likely to DO sample Of
daily hardHhipa. A colored man, who is employed
as 5anitor in building at compensation Of S10
or $12 week, WIS called two wcoka ago to sorye
as juryman, and Was retained tho full two
weeks authorized by law Ho WAS Obliged to nav
substitute full wages during tie whole ti,no ho
was thus engaged for d1Hcharging his duties as
janitor. Whom ho had done the State lilo eor-
vico demanded Of lim, lie received the following
official " loan-cortiAcate y:
5000 STATE or ILLINOIS, Coon Co. No. 1.76o.
This cortiaes TINT Edward whipple attended a. a
petit juror at tho October torn. A. D. 1874 Of tho su-
pcrior Court Of Cook County twelve days. and travcl-
cd, In coming to aud returning from said court
miles, ind In cnt1ed to bo paid therefor out Of any
moneys In tho Cook County Treasury, not otherwtgp
appropriately tho aun Of -dollars anl sixty ccnta
A. jacobson,
Clerk Superior Court Cook County.
CHICAGO, Oct. 20, 4. D. 1879.
That Is, for giving up Ills timo and his wages
and either drawing on his savings for support Of
his family or forced to 500 thom suffer- il lo had
no rosorye he received tho muuiflcont sum of
GO conta from tho State OF Illinois. Wo happen
to know Of another case OF equal hardship,
carpenter, living some miles out OF tho city, WAS
engaged on plccc Of work on which he was
making "a day. Ho was dragged away to seryo
on jury forced to givo up his job, aud, In addi-
ton, compelled to pay his own board at city
prices whllo tho expenses Of his homo were ro-
ing Oh as usual. The claaB must be- large which
is compelled to bear thoso burdens, and it
consista Of those who havo not tho in
fuenco to get excused nor tho money to
employ professional jurymon in thoir places.
We submit that this is an outrago Of SO moan a
character that tho State OF Illinois cannot afford
to sacrifice its own dignity III tolorating it. The
petit turors last week united In u formal pro-
test against the treatmont they received, and
they deserve to be heard. There is no question
that overy man, wloso condition does not fur
nish sufficient excuBe, should do duty na jury
man, but common dccency suggests that there
should be sufficient compensation to pay for tho
nocoRRaries Of life md protect poor mon from
tho temptation Of bribery.
, 1873-10-23

The Chicago produce markets woro ruthor
moro aotive yesterday, except in provisions, but
the majority were oasior in prices. Ness pork
was dull and 10@15o por barrel lower, at e19.o0
@13,25 cash, md 912. 2.30@12.40 sollor Docombor
Lard was loss active, and ~ per tb lower, at 71S
@7Ao cash, md 714@796o seller January.
Meats woro quiet Mt 09l@G16o for short ribs
076@7o for short clear, anu 8]19014c for awoot
picked Aana, IIighwlnog were active aud
shada Armer. ut GOO per gallon. Luke