The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-06-30

made the tribes on the seaside OF the Kharazm
desert accustomed to personal contact with the
Europeans or semi-Europeans north OF the Steppes
and the Caspian; but by treaty with Persia he had
abandoned claim to possession OF any tracts east
OF the latter. In 1882, however, the Khan OF the
Lesser Horde Of Klrgiz was formally received under
Russian protection and considerable extent of
country came under Russian organization and su-
pervision.
Dating from this time civil order was gradually
introduced into the depths OF Central ASIA In 1922
a series OF regulations were promulgated for the
government OF the Kirgizes who wandered in the
Irish Ishm Steppe, and since 1884 they have been
under the Jurisdiction OF local courts. In 1884 tho
Alexandrovsk fertilization was erected near Kai-
dak, bay the Caspian In 1916 the fortresses of
Orenburg and Uraisk were founded in the heart OF
the Steppc, on the Rivers Irgiz and Tuegai re-
spectively. In 1s47 Fort Raimsk was erected near
the mouth OF the Sir Dara, and the reduction Of
AK Mashhad, in 1858, the Russians established
Themselves along the whole Of this river.
In 1854 Russian General proceeded on
a second expedition to Khiva, accepted
the nominal submission OF the Khan, Mohammed
Amin, at the city ITSELF and returned. In the same
year, or at the outset OF the Crimean war. it was
resolved by q special committee, and confirmed by
the Emperor Nicholas, to connect the then newly
established Sir Daria line with the newly advanced
Siberian line OF frontier. This was considered to
be the best to the object OF the adj
vance into the Steppes, made already by the force
Of circumstances. The question is too wide one
to admit OF present description and Illustration 1t
would carry us into China and Russian progress
Chinaward. We are however, concerned to know
that between the years 1850 and 1850 the Russian
detached posts, forts and military Settle
ments "were scattered over the vast sur
face OF the Steppes, on the one side from
the Ural, the Irish and the northeastern part 0
the Caspian far the northern parts OF the Sea
OF Aral and Sir Daria, and on the other as far as
the iii River at the base OF the Tlan Shan Noun
tains." The Mangishlak Peninsula on the west,
Fort Perovski on the Sir Daria and the Ill River
west OF Kulja win exhibit the supposed limit-near
the forty-fourth parallel of latitude.
In spite OF endeavoring to consolidate without
further extension, and OF keeping on the best terms
with the rulers and people OF the Khanates OF Gen.
trail Asia, the Russians complained that their rela-
tions south OF the Steppes far from satisfactory
Khiva and Kokhand were usually hostile, and Box
hara was not so friendly she might be- notilla
on the Sea OF Aral, and other measures, onen-
sve or defensive, kept the Khivans from open
warfare, but Khokand not only refused to make
concessions to the northern intruders, but be-
The connection OF the Orenburg and Siberian lines
was looked upon as the nttest remedial measure.
Romanovsky informs US that, "while accepting
this decision, which must have inevitably led one
way or another to the subsection OF Khokand, Box
hara and Khiva to our influence, the Russian gov
eminent was far from entertaining any ambitious
views.v
ORGANIZATION OF RUSSIAN rURKRsrAH.
In accordance, then. with the approved scheme,
Russian troops TOOK possession OF the trans-ni
region, built forts vernoe and Kastik, north OF the
Issik Lake ana Ala Tau mountains; destroyed the
K0khapd fQyts Of giabpek and Tokwak and atsE