New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-10-31

Ago df 20 .gol than ave an account OF experiments In
which ne has partly succeeded 10 ,f ~ heat that
snnnd n when the bodice producing them arr cansea
TO send Their vibrations INTO ln tDoi cbcd between
the prcnes fork, and neosed on te sdGs r
ernobattery Prof Mayer s SUI can measure the
infensty OF sounds there Is no science on ~ S,ec
si year Prof Mayer made an initial s,eb ~ resyo in
linn 6y measuring with great accuracy Ine
tonsy OF sounds of the same pIsn u, eat ~ mIc6 IL
VIC mara d,aicuIf matter and has nOtsyet been sue
eessiulIy accomplished Prof. Mayer, however, tnopes
TO succeed in this 10y converting CERTAIN AHo"H "
ton OF a sonorous vibration into heat. - .no rosr,t
Prof Mayer exhibited 10 the ACADEMY tuc ,su,o
ant curve produced by combining tho nrst si1 n IN "a
oics oT u,nsical note This curve then drawn IN
circular disc OF glass by removing Io tvs ratrned
surface the continuous line OF the curve Whc 70 " IN
on Itself This curve was placed in front Oh 'n
tern and Image OF the line was piolce On in
piece OF cardboard haHng peen ans Of The
front OF curve aud in the direction OF RADIUS % ~
dice aud the disc being rev9yed Seu5e 1 The ear
when II listens TO musical hote aniS nnanse
Prof. Mayer then proceeded 10 give an aeoou 10 the
trated by experiment Of what he supposes TO DC tte
organ o. hearing III ds snd sonnnS various notes OF
tuuingfOrks In the range OF SOUND gwen py sne
inusketo the various hDers OF Tue ah,ehhI vi INC n
sounds The longest hOers vibrated Hympatheucay W
the grave notes, and the short noers viotS.ed & %
thetcay TO the higher notes. The TACT that Tue noe
turnal insects have highly organized antennP WINE ne
diurnal have not; and also the TACT mat the ahat
omy OF these parts oil insects SHOWS ngny
nervous organs ltOn leads TO the highly probable lle
onee that Prof Mayer has here gwen facts which form
the first sure basis Of reasoning 10 references " Tue la
ture of the auditory apparatus VI insects. - A.,
These experiments were also extended In direction
which added facts 10 the physiology OF the senses
m soaOrous impulse strike ber tnat the direction
the impulse is in the direction OF the hoer tnen me
nber remains stationary But n the direction OF the
sound is right angles TO the fiber tho hber yDrates
with maximum intensity. Thus when sound strikes
the fbrils OF an insect, those one antenna are
vbrated powerfully than the hbrs on the other,
and the insect naturally turns III the direction OF tht
antenna winch is most strongly shaken Inc nDrls on
the her anteuna are shaken with more and more
intensity until. having turned his body so That poth
antenn@ vlbrate with equal intensity he mas pdSeu Io
axis body IN the direction of tue sound Expert
under the microscope show that the muskelo can
thus detect TO within nye degrees tne p9son oI to
center To render assurance douDy sure PrO
Mayer having found two fbris OF the antenne OF
musketo which ylDrated powerfully 10 Two oihereno
notes measured these hOrs very accurately unuef the
pine wood which, though two or three feet long ana OF
the thickness Of small plcurecordi had e&aetIy tue
proportion Of length To thickness az the nOIs Oh
der pine rods brs had to each other the same ratio
of vibration IS the fDrls OF the musketo.
Prof Henry said: The Academy has been highly in
terested IN these beautiful experiments To make expert
ments, reproduce what others have done, requires
peculiar talent and much experience but TO 20 Into tho
unknown requires talents OF high order Prof Mayer
has shown US he possesses these talents and we
hope for him long OF usefulness and successful
results
| REMARKABLE FLUoREsCESCE IN NEW CHEMICAL COM
PouNDs-BY PROP. MORTON OF THE sTEyENs INsTI-
TUE, HoBoKEN.
In response TO the kind invitation which received
only yesterday morning from the Academy Of Sciences
20 present them OF the results Of the fnyesga
lions which have occupied me for some months past,
have hastily arranged few things and propose TO give
very brief resume OF OF this work. illustrating
few Of the results.
The research has consisted in studying at the
time the nuOrescence ana the absorption spectra OF
various bodies including the uranium salts, the organic
substance anthracene and OF It's derivatives, and
new body which fortunate enough TO discover by
the application Of this method to products OF the dis
lation. The material on which operated was given
to me in the ustanc3 by Prof HOsford, which was
a small specimen. I was afterward able TO obtain
through Dr. Barker introduction to Mr.. Truax, who
gave me large quantities The methods OF observation
have employed have not differed essentially fromth0se
usually adopted Little points of arrangement have
been added and modified: but the good results have
been Of the extent Of the ground gone over and
the assistance OF my friend DR.. II. c. Bolton and Mr.
Carr who enabled chemical knowledge and skin TO be
brought to bear the stuiy OF physics, while physical
knowledge could be added TO chemical analysis
Becqu6re has done great deal of work in this direc
tou but through inatenti0n 70 the chemical eOnsdera
tion involved has been far misled that he has failed
10 obtain results which might have been reached If he
had operated with pure materials or known perfectly
what he was dealing with. Thus he supposed he
examining one material only, when il has been found
that the chemical substance was Impure
In my experiments porte iamiere is placed in shut
facing south. We get the best OF the sunlight in
our climate IA the cary part OF the d"S. Inc ght so
entering allowed 10 directly through lens OF
tank nianng an ammonacal sulphate Of copper This
nlters light of all but the pure blue aud violet
These rays then fall by the fOcazug action OF the lens
mentioned upon the objects TO be studied observed,
which placed IN a little stand, in walls The stand
contains eight stalls for holding yias, the whole TOtat
ing with click so that when we have one in proper
position for observation move another to the
1.l.a VfQut he All led
me to note condolences which would be difficult
il any notable time had elapsed between the obser
yatiCu OF different substances.
Taking the matter historically, the first substance
nous was pretty clearly demonstrated that the spec
onrbv studied by Bec1ufrei and asseped 10 this snb
stance really due in part 10 material present in
all commercial anihrdcene, aud named chry s0gen In
further examination OF this OF materials,
ceeded sOlatng from them a material in many points
resembling anthracene. 1t however differs from that
body chemical reactions IN very marked way. IL
will not react like anthraceue with chlorine bromne or
suphuric acid. Besides combining with pierre acid
IL takes twice as much acid 10 form compound as does
anthracene. Its spectrum is also perfectly dstln
able from taat Of anthracene or chrysogen but It's u
mate chemical composition seems to be identical with
anthraceue, OF which II IS probably an isomer. The lat
fact has been confirmed by some hasty analyses OF
DIR Barker IN which De mad not sufficient confidence TO
permit their publication and by more complete exam
nation obtained through Dr.. Bolton OF Berlin who
moved one OF the best chemists OF Germany.
Its remarkable power of huCreseence j. the most inter
esting property OF this body. When acnic light is
allowed TO fall upon 1t, ~ exctes 1t in manner not
comparable 10 any substance with which 1
Qualnted. Wnen "a CONTINUOUS spectrum IL thrown up
IL is banded. The absorption spectrum also
remarkable. One other point is that strong solution
Of it is placed In bright sunlight being kept hot,
maintain the solution, the substance undcrgOes def
mite change regards its reactions and with reference
10 its huOresceuco 1nd its 1uOrescen spectrum has
all It's bands moved upward TO higher point In the
spectrum. AS natural consequence We md that IL
gives blue light by huorescence, la place of the
light which tue subject in It's normal condition gives
To this substance IN the condition In which 1t is first
produced have given the name Thallene, from the
brilliant green color OF Its uOrescence. To the modified
stale given the OF PetrOlucene, abiding to
its brightness and derivation from pc trOleum.
This method OF examination proved of great value
With the salts OF uranium. Differences the state OF
hydratIon which could not veil be determined In any