The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1873-10-04

ems amt turkeys always DING d gOUt
price; and the range he thus gives
them and the comparative freedom,
dimlnlshes the amount of care required
and the per cent. of loss from disease
| that ordinarily obtains where fowl are
closely confined. Really. the orchard,
with It's fruit and poultry products, Is
regarded the most profitable portion OF
his investment In proportion to the
expense involved in its care
Theory ard Practice of Tree Planting.
From every thing We see and read, 1t
is evident that the great part p aged by
evaporation in successful tree planting
is not generally understood, yet on this
| Que thing alone rests failure or sue
| cess. 1t makes no difference whether
| it be winter or summer, there is always
moisture escaping. In winter 1t is from
| the stems and branchlets, and IN sum
mer from these and the leaves. All TINS
continuous loss of moisture must be
Immediately made good by root action
or the plant is lost, or the part of the
plant which suffers most goes first. 1t
is a popular notion that there Is no
4
mistake There is not near as much
as in summer, but still quite as much
| in proportion to the activity of the
roots.
Now In trausplanting trees, there is
| but one absolute cause of failure, and
that is that the moisture escapes faster
than the roots can supply it, and there
fore in transplauting everything We do
i l. l.
root growth, or for the prevention of
rapid evaporation, until the roots grow.
OF course there are incidental causes
of failure. If tree be badly dug, and
half the roots cut away that ought to
be on it, it has worse chance for It's
life than if properly dug Or If the
roots be allowed to dry, the smaller
roots are injured, and only the thicker
ones are left to carry on the water
work Still 1T all amounts to one
thing, which is the moisture dries out
of the branches faster than the roots
can supply it.
We know how this Is IN making cut
tings, and it is equally true of a tree.
We take piece of stem without spots,
| but as we know 1T Will wlther, we put
it in a damp greenhouse, or even cover
| It with a bell glass. If we did not, it
| would dry up before the roots APP
peared So III outdoor cuttings. If
we take large willow branch and plant
| it Just as it comes from the tree, it Will
likely die The sap is escaping from
all the small branches, and there are
no roots yet to make good the waste.
We cannot put small bell glass overa
L. oh n
| would check the evaporation and per
haps there would be stronger and
| better roots for all this top. But not
being able to do this we do the same
thing in another way. We cut away
all the small branches, leaving nothing
| but Il stake or post, and then 1T
sprouts out like grass on warm sum
mer's day. Though it has no roots at
all, yet such willow stake grows bet
ter than a willow tree with all its roots,
and the numerous twiggy branchlets
left on
| This is the lesson for the tree plant
er. 4 tree may, and often does, grow
well without any pruning OF It's tops !;
but as there are always some injury to
the roots, whereby they are prevented
from Immediately or fully supplying
evaporation, a shortening Is always
beneficial: and this cutting back
sometimes to - bare poles" should
always be proportlonate to the appar-
ent injury done to the roots, or accord
ing to the amount of cold, dry winter
wind, or warm, hot spring weather that
the plant is liable to encounter.
1t will thus be seen that there is
greater risk in winter from fall plant
ing, that in the spring season from
planting at that time, if the trees hap
pen to have large heads with numerous
| branches; but if this matter of evap-
| Grafton be fully understood, anG the
tree pruned according to the season,
there is no more risk at one season than
at another.
This knowledge of the loss of plants
by evaporation of their juices, can be
turned into great practical value in the
management of young nursury stock
for the winter II set out in final
places in the fall, they are pretty sure
! to have either the sap dried out of
them, or be drawn out of the earth by
the freezing and thawing of the ground
| The best way Is, theI efOre, to bury
| them wholly in earth on the ground
or IN the earth that slopes well, so
that no stagnant water can be about
the roots.
One of the best nursery men we
know, who plants out thousands on
thousands of young trees every year,
and rarely loses one in a million, gets
all his young stock in the fall, covers it
with earth III this way, and thus has it
on hand to work al whatever day suits
his purpose In Spung. Trees of larger
size are also pruned at planting, and
we have heard him remark that In his
opinion most nurseries which fail III
Amerlca-and hundreds of new ones
annually do fail-mostly from THEN
failures to get stock to grow, which
need not be provided they are properly
handled.
We believe this firmly, and further
that half the trees annually planted
die, the majority of which might be
saved if only this thought of evapOra-
ton of the moisture were uppermost
In the minds of the planters. There is
probably little new in this chapter to
intelligent horticulturists yet we be
lieve it Will be benefit to thousands,
if we are to Judge by the losses we see.
l-Gcrdener'S Monthly.
|
The Cultivation OF QuiuIne.
\ Parliamentary paper on the pro
gress of India in 1872 gives some inter
estIng information relative to the cul-