, 1873-09-21
The Original Homes Of the Various
Grains.
OF Four Thousand Species Of Grass, Loss
than Twenty Cultivated for
Food.
Why Flour Is Of Such snporlntive
Importance as an Article Of
Diet.
Tho Process Of Drond- nIaking...Alulto
lions Of "tho Staff Of Lifc.N
DY ON. ADOLF LOENIsY.

AVAo u tuV Gk4l1 VI L&lEs'
1T Dn. ADOLF LoENnY.
Dy far tho creator part Of domestic plants nov
cultivated in the northern zonos hro natives OF
Tar moro Houtherly clmcs. In p1tnius' times,
tho nulberry-troe, which now 1ouriahos in tho
latitude Of Norway and Bwoden coula not DO
successfully cultivated. Tho GreokB werc una-
ble to produce Juicy peachos; to-day they may
bo found In every garfon Of Germany. And
how far from its native home has tho vine from
Tho forests Of Ararat BEEN carriod, and to how
great degree OF perfection and variety have
tho several spcolos been brought Truly, tho
dessert Of Luoul1us would DO doomed pitifu1 to-
day, oven In the most frugal md modest houso-
hold.
Let us take turn through tho garden, and we
shall geo ia
now FAR MAN HAS uEEa ABLE
10 influence and modify tho vegetable world.
On all sides tho hoauty and fragrance Of flowers
from all countries greet us. These, too, lie has
succeeded In adapting to o.lr aol aud cl~
mate. a Binglo walk through tue garden auf-
acos to transfer us, All II by magic, to tho
most distant climos; for 1t is these plants which,
drawing robo Of verduro over tho landscape,
gigo character and expression to the countries Of
which they are natives. What has tho hand of
the gardener made OF these descendants Of for
oign countries? Into . thousand different
forms, and endless play aud variety Of coIors,
thoy have boon varied and multiplied, ,-ofton in
such uaanor that the aborigines Of their na-
tive homes would ba unable to recognize thom.
But, ii the influence of man on vegetation is
50 evident and important, wo arc constrained, on
Tho other hand, 10 confess to n reciprocal in1u-
enco. This
INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION on MAN
,,.,,,,, ..;s,1 n.ta,,,;.,. a,.s ,s.;.. ..,,,
as.l, ~, e. NNsonus wv. oA.Ao poop'so,
and determining IN measure tho character and
development OF nations. If wo would trace this
Influence OF tho vegetable world on man. NO
u's stloe -. ., ~ u ~ suo
sts.oiS VI taa''' ~ tne le."slo''s III WHICH 'no
nfst people lived TO cacli other and to surround-
Ing nature: in ono word, ut tho basis upon
nations Of .o.any worn conat,ncto1.
~. 49, @ 5a.,ss .,'a4 -.
inare can 90 no oono1 thas tnose countries
which furnished tho greatest variety OF impor-
The chief conditions for = ranid nna succosseul
dnva,o,,,o,,t ~ tIa o,,t,,rn ~ .,,a ;,h,1;,.,ta
y, t1Ao o"4.u'o VI '.o '"n"o1tahsa'
duldeo py all INC experience Oh hihtoryt we can
not hesitate to pronounce as such tho prosper
Gus and fruitful regions which OCCUPY d largo
nort1on ri Southern and 1voatorn aa,n j. ,ba
- -. ~.
eounh4'on ne@1 tno H"ue"ou', J'"6 oe1"eo' tne
Euphrates and Iigrls, aud extending to tho
Hi,dostan, From this VIC arc lod to infer Tint
The frat important development in civilization
.ho,,1d h. asor;ha1 ~ F'-'0 ''' ~AA''~D''0A
'ANN1>A ~ ~
lspiA RATHER THAN EdYPr
Tor, though tho hitter ia very fruitful It has not
rluded delta OF the Nile was populated az early
- 1000 .yeara before Christ. by immigrants.
Who, in oil probability, brought foodplants With
fhem It is pretty certain TINT the reigning tribe
lmmigratea thilher from Interior Asia.
Il wo look over the hst OF articles employed ns
food, we find that grain ia the most important
and widely disseminated. What would we DO
without bread2 It is remarkable TINT almost
fruits. and .hat the development and dssemina-
tion Of the latter stood
IN THE CLOSEST RELATION
to tho development Of tho people to whom it
originally belonged, or those to whom it waa
transferred. 1u Europe, it was oats; in North
ern Asia. barley and wheat; In Southern Asia,
rice and rnillot; in Africa, Borgho; and, In
America; rice and maizo. which gradually super
seded al4 other plants as breadstutfs. Australia
alone departed ompty-handed when CoreR did
t1ibuted her gifts, aud Austria Ia the only divis-
Ion OF tho Garth whose Inhabitants ncyor pro-
EFeasod beyond the tirat rud!monta OF clVlllza-
lion. Whichever way we look, the same won-
derful relation batweeu plants md man presents
The family OF graasea Is .......-..
NJ, fhE-EN1SEar4y THE BASIS OF Aon1cuLT0nE.
1afoug1 them al clvillzcu nations draw from
Mother Earth their chief austenanco,-ho aud
hIead. From tlmo lmmomorlal, ~, grain has
been an object Of cultivation. The Greeks,
With their fine seIso for Nature, eBteonleu 1t q
6lreot gut from Gou. CeTtsn 1t - tint whoever
1fae introduced the cultivation OF grain wletdod
.n an innuenc9 oser tho aessny OF nat,ons, oxel
mighteBt monarch. Dark, primeyal forests
disappeared, and sunny folds Of grain waved ip
their place: The climate changed, and usually
became u'ilder. Plants OF moro southern origin
were grown ,swamps dried up; water dig
appeared wild and hnrtfnl beasts retreatcd tc
rocky wastos. And what was tho aim Of al
these changes' 10 mnko room for cereals.
But the changes in tho phyniognomy and
character Of countries and continents wna not
tho only thing achieved by tho cultivation Of
to man aowud from It ho became attaehed to
F1xEp PLACE or ABODE.
Unstable and restless, tue hunter roams about ;
x1<+kA f<EN -11It