, 1873-01-15


nado to ua by tho people Of Canada to oxtond
tho navigation of tho lakes for Htoamors aud sail
vessels Of largo sizo to Montreal, FREQ of cost
to tho United States. In return, they aBk re-
ciprocal trade with the United States. Reci~
prooity wit1, Canadn is not an untried expert
mont. In 1854, q treaty was made by which that
sort Of trade was established. A list Of certain
articles OF tho growth mud production Of each
country was made ont, and it was agreed that
these articles should bo admitted FREQ Of duty
into ouch country. That treaty was carried
out to tho mutual advantage and beno-
fit Of both countries, not only in tho
profits Of uutaxed exchange Of COM
modities, but by drawing tho two pooples olosor
together III those bonds of friendship and mutual
interest which are produced by commercial in-
torcourse. To many sections Of this country
tho troaty was great blessing, as It WAS
undoubtedly to Canada Undor tlis troaty,
Canada aont into tho United States lumber, bur-
10y, flsh, worsted woods, bituminous coals, fresh
meats, vegetables winter wheat, oils, and suit.
In return, VIC sent them o largo variety Of our
productions. Nova Scotia aout down to Boston
annually largo consignmentB Of COAL and fish,
and fish oils, and tho veBsela carried buck with
them flour, and bacon, cotton goods, md boots
and Shoes. 1uto certain parts Of Canada no sont
butter and eggs, and flour, and other parts OF
Canada sent into othor parts OF tho United
9tatoa precisely the samo class Of articles tho
mutual advantage being in the great saving Of
noighborhooda.
When tho war brolte out In 1861, the people Of
Canada wore quito as decidedly in favor OF tho
North as o,1r own peoplo were. Volunteo rs
cnme over tho border to fight our battles, md
capital ca,no hither to bo invested III our bonds.
Tho Canadians, however, wero compelled, AZ
neutrals, to slleltor the agents Of tho Coafodor
ates, and eventually public sontiment thero fol-
lowed tint OF Great Britain. The result was,
that tho st. Abans raids, the Coursol decision,
the blookade-runnerB, Mason and slidoll, tho
Alabama, Shenandoah, Vallandigham. Breckin-
ridge, and tho Canadians all, got confused to-
gether in tho public mind, and tho Canadians
wero pronounced our enemies. Loyalty de-
mauded tho ropeal of the treaty, md it was re-
ponlod upon grounds purely political.
Tho repeal Of the treaty was injurious to Cal-
ada, but it waB equally so to tho United States.
THAT this offoct was moro visible in Canada than
hero was because it WAS tloro concentrated in
small space, while in the United States 1t WAS
dinnHea over much larger area. III California,
Oregon, Texas, Florida, and Louisiana, tho Of
~ r,n4T fo1t J,,.t 3.,
tho State Of New York, in New England, aud i'll
tho Western Statcs, it was folt seriously. Tho
theory that, as thore aye but four millions Of poo
plo IN Canada and forty millions in tho United
States, We would buy more than We would soil,
Ia subject to the other rule, that we would neth-
or buy OF sell unless to do 40 were profitable.
Relative population has nothing to do with tho
matter. If four millions Of our people wish to
trade with four millions Of Canada, let thom do
so; If the trade bo profitable for the four mill
ions, It must DO profitable generally to tho whole
forty millions.
One objection to reciprocity IL, That If 1t DO
refused, the Canadian Proyinceu will 10 COM
PEELED to aeot annexation Oh a commercial ueces-
sity. This Ia & mistako. Tho ropeal Of tho
treaty las had the effect to nationalixs tho Brit
iah Provinces. prior to 1904, tloy were strangers
to zach othor, having no community Of interest,
and being widely separated III territory. There
waB no link connecting them aayo Il common
dependency OIL Great Britain. Tho repeal Of tho
treaty, in 1864, by forcing thom to trade
with each othor, forced thom into fod-
Grafton, In Which thoy formed natsonal
government, with general laws, IN which
tho local interests OF all wero bound together.
II q political union with Canada il wanted, hos
tilo logislqslon on our part can only aervo to
postpone It, Thoro can never bo annexation
until there il hearty friendship betweon the
two people; mud this friendship can best bo
established through tho ngenoy Of close conf
!; nareial intercourse. I'raila will nlwAya follow