New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-08-23
a, ,,,,,. fr,.r. s,.esiopod =. ,a. animal live. At

OF Salem, Mass, showed that inc oidcniVpVuo W.
only class OF animals Of which the deyeopmenta BIS
tory has been hitherto unknown dark has been TINS
department OF zoology that eminent German hatura'
list. Oscar Schmidt, published but single hSure Vi
young brachopod as an Important eon'rio"
ton 10 existing knowledge. Lacazc Duther had oeeh
the only one TO give a few figures OF an embryo DFaoh
iopod until Prof Morse last year, contributed szetenes
of native Species confirming the Investigations OF tne
French naturalist.
Before going further IL NAV be well TO give unscentinc
readers notion OF what nd OF animal the bfachlo-
pod is and why so great interest centers upon thls
group. One of Cuyers memoirs "a early as lSJ2 wac
upon one OF this class OF animals Hancock ana DAVID
son OF England have each received gold medals nom
the ROYAL Society for their contributions on
this subject Eminent German naturalls's have written
memoirs upon It, Prof. Huxley has made 1t the subject
of special study The for this peculiar interest
among nauasts that the very earliest ioSsinierous
remains-hose deposited IN the most ancient rocKsare
OF members Of THIS class They are moreover touh IN
rocks Of all subsequent ages and are still living IN Ihe
seas Of the present day. SnGu,arly enough, whe all
other groups animals have changed 10 their distinctive
features and many have been extinct there arc racno
pods of the present day that can scarcely be disun
gushed from their most ancient representatives Iney
are closed type having branches and may De there
fore considered a royal family among animals their
line Of descent having been unbroken aud untaihtod
since the very dawn of life. But like other ancient
families, their numbers have seriously diminished anu
their line is probably In process OF extinction
The brachopol is small animal enclosed IN DiVaiVe
shell aud adhering by posterior appendage to the
ocean floor. The possession OF this bIvalve she'll
has led all naturallsts to include DrachiOpods
among the molusks. Three years ago Prof. Morse
after long and patient study Of the living FORMS
startled the world OF nauralists by announcing MS
conviction that the animals were not mouks and that
they had no relations with shel-sh whatever but were
D.Hfc uaa ia
cation received the sanction Of several eminent nat
uralsts both at home and abroad But before this
new view could secure general acceptance IL was
necessary that, the obscure and almost unknown
history Of the animals from the egg to the aduIt
should be fully ascertained. This Pref Morse has at
last accomplished. He has succeeded IN raising the
brachioped from the egg aud has studied its internal
and external structure in every stage OF growth So to
sneak he has seen it in it's infancy and childhood and
dissected every portion OF it under the microscope,
drawing as be can with hand and writing descrp-
ton with the other while his eye glued to the III
strument.
Briefly then, the embryo commences life as little
worm of four 3egments and after enjoying itself III
swimming freely in the water for while, attaches
itself TO sea bottom by posterior segment and settles
| permaneuty The middle segment then prOtrudes on
each side OF the head segment and gradually ncoses
it, as represented in the figures gwen thus producing
the dOrsal and yentral shell characteristic or the
entire class. This unlocked for simple Development
could not have predicated by any study OF the
adult animal but remarkably sustains the homolos'es
insisted upon two years by Prof Morse in his papers
unon the subject The present communication elected
warm appreciation.
Remarks on the manufacture OF glass and the plate
| lime glass, by Lewis Feuchtwanger;
The incacuable benefits which the discovery OF glass
has rendered mankind not alone Tor purposes OF u
life, but also for higher objects IN tne cause vi %
amen as the microscope and specrOscOpc, must la Us
10 believe that attention ought TO be pad 10 ptlugus
mis- arr to greater perfection than has been done
so far. Ever since 1850, wnen Agrlcoa gave the
trst detailed description Of the art OF elsSs
| making very few inproy have been made. The
same materials. the same tools, the same lufuce WIN
its glory hail." and the same unscienthe manipuatons
have Leen used these years. excepting the discovery
OF lie Blanc 1872. which was the use OF earDoha,o
production OF achromatc lenses by the experiments
OF Faraday, Herschel, Bonempts, Frlunhoer, Dan,
aud Others having during this century contributed much
10 the improvements and atterly by the INTRODUCTION
OF Semens relocating furnace. But the common llass-
maker has not yet learned that certain equivalents sc-
cordlng the atomic theory are indispensable tOr le
nrJnction Of chemical composition; all be is
mar loo hounds of sand and so pounds OF alkaline
EARTH whether II IS lime or potash OF sOdd VIII give
him on exposure TO great neat tIU @ S h IN
troduced in this art while other arts have undergone
gigantic metamorphOsts.
GEOLOGY OF SOUTHERN NEW BRUNswIoK-BY PROF. T.
sHEREY HUNT.
The recent labors under the Geological Survey Of
Canada by Messrs Bailey Matthew and the author we're
skeched They show south ana west OF the coal basin
various uncrystalline formations all resting upon
cent crystalline rocks. These latter by the author
regarded for the most part the equivalents Of the
Green Mountain and the White Mountain series, what
ne calls Hurordan aud Montalban These are penetrated
by grantees and associated in one part with Norian
what doubtful. While the author recognizes thus, at
least distinct series Of pre.Cambran crystalline
rocks In Eastern North America ne does not question he
possible OF yet other seresln this region The
anaogies offered by the more recent rocks of mis- region
are very suggestive We nave WITHIN twenty miles Oh
ST. John larger smaller areas of not less than I'VE
paleozoic formaons-the Meneyian of Lower Cnmbrian
age the laura OF which mas Deen 80 Wen stuqleu Oy
HART; true Silurlan probably or Lower HeIdefDerg
age Deyonian yielding the FOSSIL Nora made known 10
us by Dawson; Lower CarDOnlierous, ana true coal
measures beside sndstones Of Mesozoic age Each one
of these found resting the older crystanes, and
except the last they highly inclined.
ON THE POSSIBILITY THAT THE sun WHILE MAINLY CASE
oUsMA HAVE LIQUID CRusT-BY PROF. CHARLES
A. YOUNG.
There can be very little doubt that Faye secch and
Others who hold that the sun is mainly gaseous,
rect IN this the smaness OF density possibly he
explained any other superstition. AT the time
the eruptona phenomena which all the time
nV on the surface almost compel the supposton that
there is crust of kind which restraDs tue impris
Oned gases aud through which they force their way III
Prof Young suggests that this crust may consist of
more continuous sheet OF descending raiu not of
water OF but Of the materials whose yapors
shown to exist IN the solar atmosphere by means OF he
spectroscope, and whose condensation and combine
tons are supposed furnish the solar heat The
tnuous efux OF the solar heat is equivalent TO the
from steam to water OF layer about five feet
over the whole surface OF the sun every minute
Of time. AS this tremendous rain descen'ls,
the velocity Of the falling drops would be
tarded by the resistance of the censor gases
underneath the drops would coalesce until connu-
Gus sheet would be formed; and these sheets would
unite and sort Of bottomlesS ocean resting upon
the compressed beneath, and pierced 10y unu-
merab BILE nding jets and bubbles IL would have
approximately constant depth 10 ckness because IL
would eevapoTate at the bottom nearly rapidly
If would grow by the descending rains above though
probably the thickness of this sheet would continually
Increase -at some rate, and its whole diameter
diminish.
In other words, the according TO this view, is q
gigantic bubble whose walls gradually thcken'ng
diameter dimLnshng az rate deermlneA By Is