The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-06-15

BY mall from Rio Janeiro we have the following
beporEspecal to the HERALD-of the public situ-
ation which presented in Brazil the 18th OF May.
Fhe statement comes in interesting elaboration OF
brief kilograms already to hand from Lisbon.
Imperialistfc Review of the Condition
and Wants OF the Nation.
RIO JANEIRO. May 7, 1873.
On the Sd inst. the Emperor announced the close
p the first session OF the Fifteenth Legislature of
Brazil and opened the second session with the fol-
lowing
SPEECH FROM THE THRONE.
AUGUST AND MOST WORTHY REPRESENTATIVES, OF
FHE NAToN-Once more / thank you, with deep
gratitude, tor the demonstrations OF your sorrow,
which were very soothing to me- at the loss Of my
press Dowager, Duchess Of Braganza who gave up
her soul to God on the 18th OF January last
Thanks to Divine Providence the epidemic which
has attacked some OF our maritime cities has not
been or the most deadly kind and is disappearing
N almost all with the entry OF the new season.
This result has been greatly contributed to by the
sharity Of the native and foreign population.
Diseases OF different character and considerable
Injuries have not been so great as those which
other peoples experienced Of late from analogous
provinces have fulfilled the duty, which the law
and humanity imposed upon them In IKE cases, by
81 that private which is never Jeff un-
manifested In Brazil.
The good relations or the empire VIM the Otner
Powers remain unaltered and the government
takes much to heart the straitening OF those rela
TONS still more, through just, elevated and gen.
extradition with Portugal, Great Britain and Italy,
and Of postal treaty with Peru have been ex-
The public peace has not been disturbed in any
place. 1t Is to be lamented, however, that lndi-
tidual safety and that of property cannot be
properly protected in our back country, where the
influence OF the law does not yet rule e6lcacousy
for the prevention of crimes. The radical remedy
M rQ
communications and other measures tending to
nmeliorate the moral state OF those regions. This
Is not the work OF single day, but it is our duty
to pursue this endeavor with all possible celebrity.
FINANCE AND COMMERCE..
The liquidation OF the financial year OF 1S71-2
and the calculations of the current one confirm
the former provisions of increase in the public
init us to continue to mitigate the burdens Of the
taxpayers, provided that, IN the decretal Of new
that may be by the most
that necessity and OF the heavy charges which
are legacies OF the late war. The increase OF pay
which you conceded to the army and tine navy was
an act OF justice. The other classes of public func-
tionaries who were included in the recent egisa-
tive provisions were likewise deserving of the ben
efit you granted to them. 1t Is most expedient to
establish in our administration the principle of
having less numerous personnel, but one better
paid, and severely stimulated tO.the fulflment OF
their duties.
EDUCATION.
Popular education and the diffusion of the lights
needed by our various social classes require O
wider and improved plan In the intent to realize
TO the governmental has sought to give the most
ekillul employment to the means OF which 1t can
dispose and to animate the worthy efforts making
everywhere with the same view-a movement
observe with great satisfaction, and one that does
the economic interests Of Brazil, each day in
creasng, especially requires for their greater and
the nquS of useful
graphs. In the combined application of these
providences undoubtedly lies the future safety OF
BUR leading industry, to enable without shock or
loss, those transformations which, with the course
Of time, will be going into operation in its labor
make for this purpose, with the Judgment and
prudence that SO greatly Distinguish your resolu-
lions, will be amply compensated by the accommo-
dalton to the people, by the protection to produc-
tive labor and by the increase OF the public wealth.
RAILWAYS.
Studies are being made of extensions OF the Per-
nambuco, Bahia and San Pauo railroads, and the
railroad which cuts the territories Of the province
Of Rio Janeiro Is progressing in quest OF the San
Francisco. Various other undertakings, by private
persons and by provincial administrations, have
Golfers, to connect those important trunks OF our
railroad system. Both the geographical situation
merce Of the province of rio Grande do Sui cali
npOn the general Powers for aid to its endeavors
to provide for its safety and to benefit better by
The distances between Its sea coast and its frontier
with Uruguay. Constructions OF the same kind are
extending through the territories OF neighboring
States towards the frontier towns 1t is expedient,
then, for us likewise to favor the reciprocal IN
terests.
TELEGRAPHs.
The concession made to some parties, for the
laying of submarine telegraph between the north
and south OF the empire, has been transferred to
the Transatlantic Cable Company, on modified
conditions which promise the execution OF this I'M
pOrtant improvement WITHIN the shortest possible
time.
MILITARY AND ELECTORAL REFORM.
Two bills oil the most recognized utility, recently
presented to you in the name OF the government
one for reform OF the National Guard and the
In tendency; and likewise Others derived from
your enlightened initiative. Among these last
wi mention, because OF Their reacn, tnose reia.ng
justice and to the creation OF new province. l
hope such important matters will merit your
especial care and will receive from your enlighten-
ment the solutions most adequate to the
present circumstances Of Brazilian society.
new administrative clrcumscription, COM
pretending the fertile margins OF the San
Francisco, will be centre OF lie and progress
TO that extensive and distant region of the national
territory STILL in great part, deprived OF the influx
and advantages of civilization. The alienation OF
the National Guard from the heavy burden IT. has
Ing elsewhere the requirements OF local police, will
be provision conciliatlne the supreme interest OF
the public order with the liberty OF the citizen.
The electoral reform proposes to secure the pri-
mary condition OF our form of government, the
the most constant efforts of free people, whose
CHIEF power SHIT uid be derived from public opinion
and the authority OF the law.
August AM most worthy representatives OF the
nation 1t Is ever with entire trust In your enlight-
ened patriotism and with The strongest faith in the
grand future OF Brazil that address you from this
position, the duties OF which | seek to discharge
With all that love | bear our country.
DOM PEDRO H.,
Constitutional Emperor and Defender OF Brazil.
CITIZEN OPINION.
The Emperor's speech has been received with
satisfaction as indicating that the policy of the
government is to continue in the direction OF re-
form and OF material improvement, at least on a
moderate and rather conservative scale. The re-
form OF the Elections bill is OF this kind, as It pre-
serves indirect election in the case OF the provln-
cial and imperial Legislatures, but at the same
time abolishes the existing power OF the Executive
to suspend or annul elections, this power being
confined to the Judiciary. The bill establishes the
principle OF minority representation, the vote OF
each voter or elector being limited to one name in