The New York herald., 1873-11-21

accomplished nothing peyonu the Ioss or his
soldiers, the rrechrls,,enng Of Guantanamo Bay by
one OF the Kings brothers Ia name it very briefly
retained, and his own disgrace. IL would appear
abandon project which, Ii was believed promised
booty even beyond reach OF calculation.
THE ENGLISH INVADING FORCE.
England had all along kept greedy eve fixed
upon the French and Spanish possessions in
America. Her aggressions In Canada and In the
West Indies led to the formation OF what Is known
In history as 'sThe Family Compact" between
France and Spain The two latter Powers were
charged with Using undue means to induce Portu-
gal to enter into an alliance with them to resist
Great Britain. This was in 176l, 20 years after
yernon,s disastrous enterprise before Santiago do
Cnba. War existed with France and Sir James
Douglas had captured Martinique. The English
Ministry proiessed Its anxiety 20 remain at peace
with Spain, while 1t secretly collected large neet
and army to make a descent on Cuba.
WHEN WAR WAS AGAIN DECLARED.
IA June TO- q s9uaaroh nn sailed ~ nom Portsmouth.
manded by the Earl OF Albemarle. These were
joined by Sir James Douglas vessels and, thus
united, the expedition consisted OF 10 ships or the
line, Is smaller ships OF war and l50 transports.
To avoid the tediousness OF the common voyage
Pococke boldly explored perilous way along the
Bahamas, and without the slightest accident ap-
peared before Havana
The arrival OF the English was surprise, for IL
was the first intmat0n the Cubans had OF the exist
tence oil war. Nevertheless. Havana was or suf-
hcient strength, by art and nature, to make
utmost skill, cost and care as the great mart ana
centre OF Spanish American trade. Within the har-
Dor lay . u ships OF the line; within the ram
militia, scarcely inferior to the attacking force Be-
sides these the strong works nanked with bastions.
narrow entrance to the harbor was secured by two
forts well nigh deemed impregnable. And here it
fleet during the siege was to sink three of them be-
hind strong boom at the mouth or the harbor.
The English landed. June s, two miles southeast
OF Havana, without loss or opposition. They were
divided into two corps. One, under General Elliott,
advanced considerable way into the country.
vuni lin fhn nfh vrnda hnnin
Moro Castle. The dlficultes attending the opera
tions seemed insurmountable The construction
the soil and SO hard the rock beneath, that the ad-
vance was made very slowly. To cover their ap-
proaches the English had to use bales of cotton.
brought from Jamaica by Sir James Douglas. There
was
NO WATER IN THE VICINITY.
1t could be hau In the neignbOrhOOd Of the camp,
but it was SO impure that Instead OF afIording re-
lief 1t would only prove deadly. The only good
water that could be obtained was at distance Of
three leagues, and could only be procured in boats.
Having no other way 10 get supply, Albemarles
troops had to depend upon the ships. The labor OF
artillery was so excessive that many dropped down
dead with the fatigue However, the batteries
sortic In force was repused, but one day threc
ships OF the English neet stationed themselves as
close as they could to the fort, and during seven
compelled to withdraw without producing the
slightest effect after sustaining great injury rom
the Morro's fire. The principal English battery was
also destroyed. it had required the labor Of 60a
men Tor II days to complete 1t. It was consumed
In few hours, and all had to be constructed anew.
Disease had reduced the invading army to half its
numbers 5000 soldiers were uni for duty and 1000
sailors were in the same condition. An expected
FOUR THOUSAND TROOPS FROM NEW YORK
had not arrived. A Judgement was at length made
IN the covered way, and an attemp. made s to dis
cor long waited for and so much needed at last
reached camp from New York, breach was made
In the walls, and, on July 3O the fort Was stormed
and carried Four hundred Spaniards were
drowned and as many more laid down their arms.
saes the 'n second in command were Killed ID after
now s.ssSk the ely T1s SSveInST
but firm refusal. Albemarle opened his batteries
with such effect that nags OF truce soon appeared.
and on the 18th August, 1852, alter A days. siege,
the city was occupied by the British forces.
THE CAPITULATION
yielded to the conquerors Havana, with $50 miles
OF country to the westward. The neet which fell
into their hands consisted of nine ships OF the line
and four .frigates, which. with the three sunk at
the mouth OF the harbor and two destroyed on the
stocks, made up the entire Spanish squadron,
which made no attempt to act against the enemy,
voy and captured six ships. with 500 men, In the
vicinity of Havana during the siege. The treasure
IN ready money, tobacco and other valuable mer-
chandise taken by the bestegers was estimated at
$15,000,000. The garrison were allowed the hOnors
Of war and safe conveyance to Spain. The English
afterwards died Of sickness, which raged as stated,
to a great extent on shore and on shipboard. The
division O. the prize money caused great scandal
got 5000, 900, while the Officers and crew came In
Tor very small sums. At the conclusion OF peace in
Florida, which was reconquered from the English
at later date. The British occupation, which
lasted eleven months gave the first great impetus
foreign markets to its produce.
HAVANA NOT DIPFIcULr OF CAPTURE.
hands OF Spain, with the exception OF the few fili
clustering expeditions from the United States, each
III Sensible ana Of 81 the sne
OF the island, ana pro1ting by the disasters OF
1852, the Spanish authorities have not only re-
paired the former fortincations. but have added
new ones. The Moro and La Punta, which only
existed then, have been supplemented by four
other works, all Of which, 1t is understood, are
English with force of %, 600 troops greatly re-
duced BY death and disease, took Havana, after q
comparatively brief siege, while the entire popula-
tion OF Cuba was unit. The garrison and ships
OF war were as strong and numerous in 1862 as
those that can be now found in the city and
harbor. An enterprising and able general ike
Sheridan with 40, 900 men, would make as short if
not shorter work than Albemare did in the last
century. Military authorities agree in saying this
number would pc necessary. The United States, in
the event OF hostilltes could count 900 native
allies, who need only arms to make them effective
soldiers TO effect landing could not be very
dangerous operation. The most important duty
the navy would have to perform would be to cover
the debarkaton at some suitable point. THIS ac-
compiished the ia OF Havana would be insured,
and with the fall OF Havana Cuba would to be
strength OF Spain and the difficulties to be en-
countered In the island II war Is to come. This
knowledge will point ont the necessity OF making
due preparations to insure success. The PHI
lippine Islands In the Pacific would easily be cap
tured by our Asiatic feet, II such was deemed ad-
visablc.
CAPTURE or PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
On the breaking out OF h0stilites in 1862 in pur-
suance OF orders received IRON England an expedi-
ton was despatched from Madras against Lucona,
the principal Of the Philippine Islands. Eleven
ships oil war; with 2,300 troops, under General
Draper, were ready to SAIL The Spanards, not
being acquainted with the fact OF war having been
declared. were entirely unprepared for the appear
ance OF an enemy's fleet. Had 1t been otherwise
the English force would have proved unequal to
who was tho supreme ruler OF the islands how
ever, determined to make vigorous defence.
The Spanish troops were small In number, but
they were reinforced by number OF natives who
fought with the greatest desperation. Manila and
Cavlte were stormed twelve days after the British
landed. The Indians, who were armed only with
bows, arrows and spears made sortie and werc
cut to pieces. They are represented to have
ruftn 1Air ~. fIt..