davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
FOREIGN.
SPAIN.
The Liberal RepubIlc..NeW Ministry.

The Liberal RePubliC..NeW Ministry
Madrid, June 0-Shortly after tht
passage oil the resolution definitely pro-
claiming q Federal Republic, yesterday
the CnFtes took q recess until evening
when Senior P. Y. Margal proposed The
following new Ministry, which Was &C
cepted by the CorteS In secret session
President OF Council and Minister oI
State, Senior Covercol; Justice, J. Predlcsl
War, EsteVsng; Colonies, 9ornii Finance,
CsrVogoli Marine, Orclroi Public Works
PAlaucs.
MADRID, June 9.-The following Is an
accurate account of the sitting of the As
sembly:
Amer passing = resolution proclaimlDg
q republic, adjourned until evening, Ior
the purpose Of completing the formation
oil q new ministry.
At7P. n. the House reasSembled and
Senior Figureas opened the debate. He
advised the Republicans to be united aud
warned them that division In their ranks
would prove fatal to the cauSsthey held
dear.
The question then came up whether
the Ministers proposed by Senior Margal
should be voted on enbI0c or separately.
An excited discussion followed which
was accompanied with frequent scenes OF
confusion.
A motion was made to 60 into secret
session, but Senior CASTELAR, proteSted
against it. The Cortes, be said, owed 1t 10
the country that their proceedings should
be public.
Senior Margal firmly announced that in
view Of the sad scenes Of disorder, which
be could only consider ss an evidence OF
distrust, he would Withdraw his list OF the
ministers.
A great uprosr followed and could only
be s:lenced by SenUr Figucras, who rose
IL move that the ministers be directly
chosen by the COrtes.
The motion for secret session was then
resumed and adopted, and at midnight the
galleries were cleared and the reporters
excluded. Around the palace the streets
were filled with an excited throng, and
within the chamber the greatest agitation
prevailed. II was rumOred at one time
that an armed crowd had entered into
the palace and threatened to break into
the ball. Moreover q fight between the
military and the people III the streets was
momcntaIily expected. CASTELAR, and
Figureas succeeded In restoring calm in
the chamber, and eXerted themselves to
good effect In restraining the pOpulaCe
outside. There being no prospect Ol an
agreement between the deputies as TO the
composition off new ministry, Figureas,
CASTELAR,, and Margal were successfully
called on TO form one; but they either dc.
clined or failed in the task. After repeat,
ed consultations, the whole CUrtes finally
appealed to Senior Figuress 70 remain in
power with the old Cabinet; and he at last
consented. At four O'Clock AN. the
doors were thrown open and the gallery
was Immediately filed. The Cortes then
proceeded to adept vote ofconfdence in
Figures Ministry, and adjourned. The
proclamation Of the Federal Republic was
celebrated last night at Barcelona with
and general rejoicinRs.
Captain General Verlarde has returned
TO TOrosa with the troops who remained
faithful.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

A1lirnde of tho Sioux midland.

WASHINGTON, June GA report to
the Commissioner oil Indian Attain from
Specisl Commissioner Kelllve, at the Red
Cloud Agency, says the Indians there
are more friendly than he had been led to
believe; that he had an informal interview
with Blue Horse, High Wolf, Slow Bull,
and Red LeAi, who manifested q very
friendly disposition, and whose influence
has been good, and Is increasing. The
Special Commissioner cannot yet deter.
mine in regard 10 the expediency OF
stalioniDg troops at the agency, but Il may
be necessary to order mounted company
10 patrol the other side Of the river, as
much to prevent whisky trading as to
slop stock stealing.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

In the House OF Lords to-day Earl
Russell introduced q bill for the better
government of Ireland, which abOlishes
the office ol Lord Lieutenant and pro.
vides that the voice OF eight Jurors
out of twelve will suffice for q verdict
The object Of the measure Is to restrict
the power of the Priesthood and secure
the conviction OF criminals.
LONDON, June 9-The total loss by
the burning Of the Alexandra Palace, Is
estimated ut 100000. Insurance $780,.
900. The ere was caused by careleOsnesS
OF the workmcn who were repairing the
zinc roof. No one was killed., as reported
but several was injured. The supply Of
water was scarce, hence the rapidity
with which the the fire spread, Within
hall an hour after the alarm was given,
the entire structure was In flames, and
one by one the great domes by which 1t
was surmounted feel in. Thelsrge organ
was destroyed, but some valuable pic.
tures and other works Of art were saved.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
THE PoLARls INVESTIGATION.

A new Aspect OF the Affair Devels
oped..CaPt. BudGingtOn Drives Oh
the Tyson party and DeleTIS them
WASHINGTON June Notwithstanding
the secrecy with which the Secretary OF
the Navy Is cOlucting the examination OF
the Polaris survivors, the daily Chronicle
saws 1t has leaked out that Capt. Budding.
ton was the main cause Of the failure OF
the expedition, and with him rests the re-
spousi6ility Of having JeOperdized the
lives Of the Tyson-MyerS party, and 9th
era, Shortly alter the death OF Captain
Hall, when all discipline Of the ship be
came lost, each appeared to work on his
own hook, be became intoxicated, and
with pistol in hand drove the party from
the shin, giving quantity OF provisions,
and then deliberately deserted them.
This story Is entirely different from the
one recently published about the separa-
tion Of the POlaris from the Ice.
WARRINGTON, June 0-The PolaIis in
Vestigalion Is now conducted In the large
boat house, south Of the Admiral office
with closed doors. The Tallahassee hSv-
ing lett here last night with the Esqui-
mSux families Of Joe and Hans on board
for the cooler climate OF Maine, the re-
mainder Of the ice flle party we're trans
lerred from the Frolic 10 the shore ship
Relief, this morning, where they will re
main until the investigation Is ended
The Frolic left the Navy Yard this alter
noon for New York.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

LONDON, June Q "A dispatch from Dub.
lin says great fire Is raging In a timber
yard 10 that city. The crowd, whose oh.
jcct Is plumber, are interfering with the
liremen and stoniDg them. A detach.
ment of police has been ordered out to
preserve order. The latter charged on
The mob, Wounding many. The Mayor
ol the city was struck by one Of
the stones. Intense excitement prevails
10 the vicinity, and the scene during the
charge Of the troops was fearful. Prop
eriy to the amount Of one hundred thou.
sand dollars has already been destroyed.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
PITTSBURGH.

Providing for a Mechanics Institute
aud Expeditions Confession Of a
Mail RObbeF.
PITTsBURoH, June 9.-The city coun-
cils to-day took the initiatory steps TO-
ward establishing Mechanics Institute
and Exposition.
W. K. Wales, charged with r. 3 Dud.
lev with being concerned In the exten'
sive mail robberies and draft iorReries In
all sections Of the country, and now In
j4il here, Is said to have made q comics
sion, telling the whole story and throwing
all the blame on Dudley, but the docu.
ment Ia kent concealed.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
GETTYSBURG
KATALYSIME WATER.

The United States DIspenSatoEy, the authorized
record OF oar AAteriA MedicA clADSes this water
itn the most renowned Alkaline or CArbonAted
Springs OF Europe. II far eTcels any other known
In itS self preserving properties. II does not de-
EeTlorate BY bOtlInR and keeping. It has never
been claimed for anT other mineral water the
power 10 dissolve the urGtee, or sn.called chalk
formations In tho body or on he limbs and joints.
RI 10 the Gettysburg KAtA yBine Water has done
In hundreds Of instances GOEt, rheumatism.
R6sIrdtQtd, DySpEptG, GTdvNt LHlbdttg RtdntV
and CflHGFV DlN6GSeS generally have all yielded
10 its influence. II has restored 4EseIL0r PbtpSr
10 the paralytIe, eIred Abd0mIRdl DToptV. and
Iivon healthy action 70 the Torptd Ltper Il has
cured CkrokIe DtdTTh1d, Pies, ConStlp1tIon.
Asthma. CdtGrrh, DSsGSSS Of phS SaH, General
DEBILITY and Nervous FTOStFdttOn r. N H6nLdl
AID Hvtod! kIceGSsS All Lhess by the bottled
water II is powerful Gnudote for RxetGtut
Eating or Drinking. It eorrects the Stomach,
promotes CigesuUn and rslleVes the head almost
Immediately. Pamphlets containing history
Of the EpEing, reports from eminent physiciAnk
and medical writer's marvellous and Well,attestsd
cures, and testimonials from distinguished dtl.
Eens, will DO furnished and sent by mall on Appu.
WHITNEY BROS. Gcn'l Agents,
al South Front bk, Philadelphia, Pa.
GEFFYPBURG sPRINa Co.
Fer sale BY RDMUND BOOKING and Drug.
giBU generally. p8rl1
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
TERRITORIAL CREED.
uOaicInln De,Irpv on (;uatamal

"OaicInl" Designs on Guatemala,
NEw YoRK, June "a Washington
special says there Is growing . feeling
among the officials for the annexation Of
Guatemala 10 the United States, and that
two citizens OF the former country, &C.
compsnled by It's accredited Minister as
sured President Grant Of the dSsire Of the
people for annexation, and anxiety to
know when such q result could be made.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
FRANCE.

PARIS, June 0.-The payment Of the
first installment Of the remaining milliard
francs Of the war indemnity due 10 Ger
many was completed Saturday last.
At q municipal election In Lyons yes.
terday, held under the act recently passed
by the Assembly, IS out Of SO radical
nominees were chosen.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
Evangelical AIlIancc..ClncInnaIl
Branch.

CINCINNATI, June 0 - The Cincin-
natl Branch, Evangelical Alliance to-
dsy, appointed the iOllOWieg delegates to
the meeting Of the World'S Evangelical
Alliance In New Yolk, the coming fall ::
Reverends W. E McCune, r NJ Hatfield,
r s Stanton, Ruben Jetfty, MesSr; Hugh
McBurney, A. L. Frsz.r, 81 B. H5g4us
Alternatives, Rev. DR.. Walden, MssSrl
Geo, F. Davis and W. j. Breed: aTsAS
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
ROME.

RoMR, June 9.-The funeral Of signor
Rqtazzi took place yesterday and was at
tended by = great crowd Of people.
Many persons, 10 show their respect for
the deceased statesman, displayed black
flags from their residences.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

WAR DEPARrMHN7,
uETIrH oy TuE CHIBT SfaNAL OFyIUlR.
WABuNaFoN, D, c., June 9,-S Gl 2. 4.


PROBABILITIES.
For New England, falling barometer,
easterly TO southerly winds and clear or
partly cloudy weather are probable for
tuesday. Fur the Middle States and
lower lake region, falling barometer,
fresh and occasionally brisk southeasterly
to southwesterly winds and increasing
with areas Of rain. For the
South Atlantic States, fresh southeasterly
to southwesterly winds and partly cloudy
weather. For the Gull States east Of the
Mississippi, light to fresh southerly and
westerly winds, generally cloudy weather
upper lake region, and, southwark to
the Missouri and lower Ohio valley, ris.
ing barometer, fresh and brisk northerly
to westerly winds and clear and clearing
weather. For Tennessee and Kentucky,
winds veering westerly and northwest
,rly, with clearing weather.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
HAVANA.

HAVANA, June 9.-The GdeetG pro.
mulgstes the decree by the Capt. Gen
ersl, giving the Colonization Society al.
pQai lalmHSd poTp Cinnamon, whose
contacts have expired, are placed under
charge and at the disposal OF the Society
unllllhey have IEnedR rev contract.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

LIVERPOOL, June 9.-The steamers
Idaho, Baltic, Bremen and silesia, from
New York, and Tariff from Boston, have
arrived out. .r..
NEW YoRK, June 9.-Arrived, steam.
shin CITY Of Montreal from Liverpool.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

THE Cumberland MtirS learns that
Prtsident GARRETT, of the Baltimore i
Ohio Railroad, contemplStcs sailing for
Europe in a few weeks Tor a prolracted
nit Of recreation.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

PITTSBURGH, June 9.-NVpEePhela 9
feet 4 inches, falling slowly v Business
very dull. 2pakE9 ~
CINCINNATI June 9.-RiYeE Q feet and
falling, Weather cloudy 'Sh6WGfy And
SulIy. 2iyn
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

"A. r. Wales, accomplico Of Dudley,
the mail check and draft thief, was be-
fore United States Commissioner Nc
CsndlssS, at Pittfburg, on Monday, lie
waved hearing, and was committed to
jail for trial.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

A GROCER asked an artist: us sculp-
ture difficulty" The artist replied :
"Wby bless you, no. You have only TO-
take block Of marble and chisel, and
knock OF all the marble you don't
Wantn
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

a PlTTsDURGu Coroner makes no
Sa'Se where he sits on young man who
Nled his hair in the middle He says
,hS ~ bis Personal Satisfaction Is enough,
''Ihout the lee. =
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

GES; Asa RuoRRs, Second Auditor Of
,Hginia, announces that the interest on
ssPubhC debt OF Virginia due July l.
.m Ge paid al his Office 10 Richmond on
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

~ ~ not getting married as much Ss l
~ h the latest way Of saying mo" to
al@pAIlloned SuIIcr.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

OrR old friend DR.. N. B. BARNES, the
palumter at Weston, is, We regret to
astf, very sick.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

Joseph u. Husband, q merchant tail.
N NJ aI ql6Gls, ems iarReSIJa In New
York, Monday, on bench warrant. He
iFcChaFged hy1marchantS them with re.
G iyiug over $4,000 worth Q! lgYUls sud
falling 70 make 4Eftqrn.iTizsE II a,sT gs'Ss ~ a,
Three pXjuteIS iellIdEOtA ~; faIlFosd
bridge n GfrtetVfheII Pa, Monday after.
notjS, w tSS breaking Of q ScGaolt9 t9HGh-
~ Ulefich and s166Rh 1ARI7SGD
Killed, and Isaac Jarry had NSthIgAfbfOA
ken. . 4
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
ENGLAND.


LONDON, June 0.-Alexandria Palace,
near this city, was destroyed by fire to.
day. It's reported that seven lives were
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
WASHINGTON.

THE TRIAL OF THE NoDoos-GEN. scHo-
FIRLD INSTRUCTED TO APPOINT A MILL
TARY COMMISSION. r.'.
WASHINGTON, June 0.-Geu. Schodeld
has been instructed by telegraph to sp.
point a military commission 70 try the
ModOc prisoners.
THE BRIDGE AT LACRossB.
The Secretary OF War having referred
to the Attorney General the question Ss
to his authority under the acts Of Congress
to construct the railroad bridge Of the
Milwaukee g. St. Paul Railroad Company
across the Mississippi at LACrosse, the
Attorney General decides that the bridge
Is to be located by the company, and not
by the Secretary Of War; but that In Its
construction the Secretary Of War has q
supervisory power az 10 the security Ol
navigation and convenience Of access
by other railways.
REVENUE APPOINTMENTS.
The following internal revenue ap.
pointments have been made: Gaugers,
T. II. Parsons, I'd District OF Minnesota;
William G. Rhodes, Sd District, Kentucky;
Samuel McFAdden, for Kansas.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10
RY TELEGRAPH.
Asso GATED PRESS REPORT
Exclusively to the InteIlig gencer.

(By tho Western Union Line
0ficg HnrthweJt cor. Of Main and Monroe etsl
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1873-06-10

ETHIHq IAT'
r=-lF r|s
The Potter journal and news item. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1872-1874, 1873-02-14
CONSTITUTION HALL.
Philadelphia, Fejg. 1, 1873. (

DEAR JOURNAL: The Convention
is making very slow progress, and
unless more common sense shall be
instilled into the minds Of the Dele
gates it will be in session for year
to come. Up to this date only two
Sections have been passed finally
those fixing the time of holding the
general and municipal elections. The
latter subject needed no fixing, and
the time spent over it was worse than
wasted.
Only two of 4he twenty-seven stand
ing committees have made reports.
and only one CHAT on the Legisla-
ture) has made full report.
In committee and in Convention as
much time is occupied in discussing
matters of doubtful propriety as those
of vital importance. A large num-
Der Of the Delegates seem to think
they are called upon to extirpate every
evil under the sun, chiefest of which
is the Legislature of the State. If
they could have their way the Con
stltution would be made into code
of laws as big as the Bible and the
Legislature would be abolished. And
these are the Delegates that are vast
ing time and bringing the Conven-
ton into bad odor with the people.
The newspaper press of the city has
as general thing encouraged the
The Potter journal and news item. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1872-1874, 1873-02-14

inc whittier she would, for no person
hindered her, nor gate, nor door nor
wall impeded her." She visits the
poor and the rich, the guilty with
low vices and despairing of God or
of any good, the guilty with callous
hearts in selfish ease, who ''know
that misery is and that it need not
be, and no pulse quickens to the
awful knowledge or urges to the
loving opportunity"
The Dreamer, goes to the factories
where little children live and toll
through the sweet hours that should
be theirs to play and learn and grow
in" And ''pausing at the cathedral
doors the Dreamer hears the preacher
saying: SEQ We into all the world
and preach my Gospel to every crea-
ture and the people hearing send
ostentatious largess beyond seas
never needing that the world begins
at their feet, forgetting that no good
is wrought on basis of omission"
This article closes with Christmas
poem, in which the chimes mingle,
Of which the lost speak the words,
Sand | saw a new Heaven and a
new Earth
The Potter journal and news item. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1872-1874, 1873-02-14
Rev. William r. Furness.
PHILADELPHIA. Jan. Iqth. 1873.
lIn-E ..n.-A


just returned from church-am so
clad | went. There were the usual
services except that there was no
sermon. Instead of that We had a
grand review of Furness' connection
with this church. He was ordained
on the II of JAN, 1915, and preached
his first sermon to this congregation
4S years ago to-day and was then %
years old.
He said "'It seems now. on look
ing back to that time, as though there
were no bounds to the presumption
Of some young men," The discourse
was an hour and half in length and
when he stopped wondered why he
did not continue. and never so re-
gretted to have a speaker leave off
talking.
never heard Furness do anything
like so well before. | feel comforted,
strengthened, confirmed in the faith
of my fathers and would like to 90
and tell him so. The house was full
and it was 4 fine looking crowd.
The Potter journal and news item. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1872-1874, 1873-02-14

was to his family the sad comfort OF
being with him at the last.
For us all there is the repeated
warning, "Be We also ready" mot only
with regard to ourselves, but with
careful thought of the words and
acts that affect others.
Which of us would wish to leave
a severe judgment or a bitter express
sion towards any one that still treads
the steps of his pilgrimage, that may
make his way harder when we are
gone. We would leave a deed OF
kindness neglected if he knew that
the neglect could never be repaired.
Above all, who could leave a jeer or
a taunt, or even an impatient harsh
word. as a last legacy to a loving lit
tie child. that it will remember with
tears that one can never wipe away,
a pain no one can ever more try to
soOthe.
There are so many stones that
must hurt and thorns that must
pierce the tender little feet, all mac.
customed as yet, to the toilsome road
that it is strange cruelty to lay on
the little ones the bnrden of need
less hard word. And yet who of us
does not do 50 sometimes in a way
we shall repent when it is too late.
''Be We also ready" with humble
trusting love to the Father, that calls
each of us at the right time, and pa
tient, tender, gentle kindness toward
His children.
The Potter journal and news item. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1872-1874, 1873-02-14
Ex-Governor GearY,

Saturday afternoon dispatches brought
news of the death of Ex-Governor John
w. Geary, of Pennsylvania. The sud
den death of this distinguished and pop
ular public man causes much feeling in
Pennsylvania, and much sympathy is
expressed on all sides for his afflicted
family. The Ex-Governor returned to
Harrisburg from New York last Friday
evening, i'll napparentgOo health. About
nine O'Clock Saturday morning, while
breakfasting with his family and in the
act of helping his little son, his head
suddenly fell back, and before medical
aid could be summoned he was dead.
1t is supposed that heart disease or apo
plexy was the cause of his death.
Governor Geary had long played a
prominent part in public affairs in diff
ferent parts of the country. He was born
in Pennsylvania in 1929, and graduated
at jefferson College in that State. He
adopted the profession of civil engineer
ltlS. anu NtitIi Tue 4hCAlCdH Wa blbhN
out he joined the army, serving as a
LieUtenant-CO Colonel of a regiment of vol
unteers. After the capture of the city
of Mexico he was made Colonel and
placed in command of that place as a
reward for gallant conduct. After the
war he went to San Francisco, and was
elected the first Mayor of that city. In
1856 he was appointed Governor of Kan
sas by President Buchanan, and did
much better than his predecessor in that
trying situation. His career during the
rebellion was highly honorable. He
served throughout the war, as Colonel
in 1861, and the remainder of the time
as brigadier-General. In 1867 he was
elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and
he continued to fill that Office until the
present year. General Geary was per
sonally very agreeable and estimablC
| gentleman, and his sudden deceaSe viii
be deplored by his fellow citizens of al
parties. .-BrfalO ErpreSS.
The Potter journal and news item. [volume] (Coudersport, Pa.) 1872-1874, 1873-02-14

British India.-CALCUTTA. FEB. 4
An earthquake has occurred at the city
of Lehree, in the territory of Scinde, at
tended by heavy destruction Of human
life. The disaster overlook the city so
suddenlyand Observation-Disclosures
was possible. The inhabitants rushed
from their houses into the streets, where
many met their death from falling
buildings, while those who despised the
warming and remained within were in
many cases unharmed.
1t is estimated that upwards of five
hundred persons persisted hy the caIam-
ity. Large numbers of animals We're
also devourcd by the earthquake. A
great part of the city is now in ruins.
The earthquake extended over a large
tract of country, being distinctly felt at
towns manymiles distant from Lehrec.
The inhabitants of Lehree. after the
first convulsion was over, seized their
movables and fed to the mountains.
The houses tottered and fell in ruins.
blocking the streets and killing men and
animals as they fed.