, 1873-03-03

YAnlat ma tno Olllo oolHLFyl-HuITguHuHu tno
two land Offices at c!ncinnstt and Pitta1nrgh,
and controlled tho periodical vonduos. Delegate
William Henry Harrison moslinca this systom by
urging tho opening Of 1aud-ofcos within the tor
ritory to 30 aottled and four wefo thYs oponed
At this period was tho substance Of our prosont
land-systom developed.
II 1922 Congress granted, tor .as',, ssate lay !,
which It aosfc rod II exchange one t9wnA In
right to 500 aorcn--tho drat Of a long aorios Of
AiinilAr observation-disclosures carried through Con-
g1ess, In 1s2to put stop ta ama.
a25, 900, and could not pay,, despite many
oxtonetous,-t syatem Of credit salea waa abol-
ished, and tho prlco reduced to s1.25 40 nero;
lands honceforth to bo plrofaaablo In half qlar-
thr-soctionB, Of oIglty acres.
Thus. littlo BY little tho lind syatem Of the
country waa adapted to the requirements OF OK.
porlanoo, and tho virgin domain of tho continent
was rel!nquishod to the growing nation pieeo BY
school m,1at be supported by tho central town.
ship Of tho land. Giving away tho ground, tho
Government thus oxaoted from It security for
civilization, and this feature Of the land-systom
At comparatively rocont dato, tho railroad
was made superior to tho Hohool-houso upon tho
public 1nnd8. 4 ::
was introduced by Stephen A. Douglas, In tho
United Btates sonate, Jon. 8, 1850. Mr.. Shields,
Of Illinois, reported It back with amendments,
sx wooks aftorwarl. r comprised II tts pro-
visions not only tho Illinois Central Railroad,
for for M road from Chicago to MelIle. Il finally s.:
car,o law, Sept. 20, 1860 in tho torn Of Mil-
lhrti Fillmore. In thta grant was contained
% csas s1es 20 1s gGSa ssaee 5Ssae
OF that grant, the illinois Central Railroad Conn
a.1J atlto ttno ~s t.e rFoport tisao no ntfll for
aalo, G9o, GOO acroe, ut from e to s10 an acre;
worth Of land, annually Increasing In value, re-
mains to tho road, which owns nbovo 900 niles
Of track, ind len1es several hundred moro. Tho
total saos Of laud will roalzo Gboye @3Q 000 900,
and tho not reyonuo Ia over s9,o0oooo par an-
mum. ...
4 living mnn In honorable and active lifo, who
voted egainst tho bill, was Salmon P. Chase, in
the sonato. Othere WHO voted nay, IN tho Houaoy
King. and Lowis Campbell, Of Ohio. It ,was 2
by jon Davis and ". Il. Seward. .' =;
The Illinois Central nailroad was completed IN
aa tho most bonoicont example, as 1t was :the
first OF tho Immigrant aystom. being contrived
ii q time whom tho, riyalrios OF Stat. railway
systemB had ceased by thoir gonora1 failure, and
OTHER LANp-onANTs.
The Thirty-second Congtesa, In 1912, en-.
dowod Missouri and ArkanRas with railway
lands; tho Thirty. third Congress-, in 1864,
Thfrty-fourth Congress-, when the Republican
party WAS fully developed, nine railways wore
endowed In tho Northwest alono and. twelve In
tho South. MoBt of the southorn grants wore
Ohio, tho tthroo Of Michigan, and tho two Of
Wisconsin were made rich by tho. hcts OF 1856.
Iowa received a,458, 900 acres, Michigan, 3,o98,-
600, and Wisconsin 1,6G9, 1000. -
d as' ef ss ns & he bsl Il Gss a'
came tho widest proGigAcy, Tho total number
= ;ss5es @ e@bssaoa IN ri ths Tail: j.
ao1 has not i,o00 eIseable farms lit II Il Of the
Government land; Illinois is not recorded IN
tho laua-roport ps possessing any more public
lands and Iowa haa loft only about 1,0O0,000
acre9.
OUR ENDOWED TYRANgs.
Tho railroads will have received, under
tic Tics schools together, forty tlmoa % more more
than all tho common roads and canals, ten
sas IS 1sh S,n r. 81 ~ s sna as I'D
teon times as much as all tho atatos havo re-
coiyed from tho General Government, md ton
timoa as much aB all the confirmed private land-:
claims. laa The GoneEel Land Office report for
7o0, ,osl aoros, and that tho roads will rooovo Of
15Sry, .hsn sro shout $50, ,oo9 square n.ilee 9s
equal to Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wis
consin, and Iowa added togetherl =.
Those 1ailroad.grants cover tho moet nrable
and suitable land for population IN the central
continent. They include nothing IN Alaska, md
Texas meantime has giYon away Of her own
public domain d distinct empire:
to tho six great States OF tho West, had aropro-
sentatiou equal to their domain Oh tho present
basia Of those etatos. and wcro able to control
1t, they would have in Congress twelve Senators
and aaventy.sight nepresentatiycs. j.,
lines to de1ineato roada provided tor by grants,
will sufficiently show that posterity is already
PROVIDED WITH 1rs a1AsrEns; .i,.
that tho charters grantod under tho Republican
system .haye e., passed AZ the .proaigaoy Of tho
tho Union has boon picked up In adYaneo, and
tho GoVornmont has little to sell which will re-
pay a purchaser. All that can now DO done is to
make lilo terms Of tho boquost onorous upon tho
lret failure to keep ha contract; unloss, indeed,
greater neceHsitles than what Is called the pub
Lie faith demand a Wholesale revolution In rail-
way mattora. =,
tered without lands or money. already mennco
sYs sSiysais ;s'e?5s Road s ssd ae t. oassrel
@ aase9 @ M miss n3 1sTay and an,,sSx snHyo
sa ws'sga SRs ssa stes
Observation-Disclosures !; and atill wheat in Iowa. Kan
BaB, and Nebraska lB depressed by freight-impo-
aitions, until tho farmer cannot find tho boots
md shoea OF hia family in whole landscape Of
grain.
II such bo tho commercial situation upon
railway system devised without intrigue Or ra-
paoity what is tho prospect for the railways
province they permeate, and which, knowing
how easy It Is to corrupt tho Legislatures, tho
Judiciary, and Qongre8s-despise the people
they plnuder, and mako transportation-tolls the
yillo supposed that .foudal ariHtooraoy and vaa-
Ba]age might arise from tho modern system Of
manufactures, with its division Of labor and diB-
tant capitalists; but, nt that time, had no idea
to confer upon corporations tho right to take toll
III perpetuity On all tho highways Of the Hepnb-
lie, and alho TO have tho disposition Of tho 1and.
TIE 0oNaED LANp-oLuTToNs.
The defoAt Of tho st. Croi1 4 Bayfield, Rail-
road BILL In 1872 showed that tho turn OF afralrs
had como in railroad laud-granta, aud, although