, 1873-07-03

bo1 Auto thuaulan WALofB, thoy WILL make II lVc.
lior than ovor boforo for Canadian cod, lnddocls,
and hnlibut. !.
HOW PROTECTION PROTECTS.
An Ohio farmor, whoso wool clip thia year
will not yiold him ns much rs 1t did lust yoar,
and who is losing faith In protection, askH,
"Why should not agricultural labor bo protected
as vol as factory 1abor7" Tho fact is, factory
labor is not protected, nor ia 1t tho object or
purpose Of protection to protect labor. Tho ond
sought by protection is to maho tho production
OF tho manufactured article profitable to tho
capital invested In tho business. II tho profits
OF protection woro divided among tho laborers,
thoro would DO no advantage to tho capitalist,
and capftal is essential to manufactures.
That protection does incroaao tho wages Of
cortain pcrsons Ia truo, but it is also truo
that tho fncrcaHo in tho cost OF living
resulting from protection is 40 much groator
than tho increase OF wages, that tho wages OF a
protected laborer will not purchase "a much Of
the nccosshries Of life az his wagos would do II
thero werc no protection. A man rcooiving $500
annually for his labor may, under cortain fa-
vorablo circumstances, hayo his wngos advanced
under q general protective policy Is per cont,
or to eo25; bat il tho coat Of his food, hfs
own clothing and that Of his family, his house
ront, fuel, and all other expenses Of living, DO
advanced 40'por cont, thon his eG25 will not
purchase as much Of these 81, III tho absence Of
protection, his $500 would have dono. To prr-
chaso Of protected goods tho same quantity
that ho formerly purchased for his $500, tho
workmau would require e7oo; and, consequent
1y, protection robs him Of e75, or Is per cent Of
his $500, under tho pretenso Of raising It to
e825.
Boston organ Of tho manufacturers by way
Of extolling tho wonderful bono1ta Of proteo-
tion, states that at tho close Of 1878 thcre will
| bo 142 paper-mi1lB in operation in Maseachu-
sotts, with capital Of $4,000, 900. producing
paper worth 918. .5oo, ,o00 and giving employment
to G,297 porsonB. From tho censuB returns OF
1870 it appears TINT tho average wages paid In
Massachusetts to hands engaged in papor-mil1a
| is 94o5 year each, and tho proportion OF wages
is to tho cost Of production 10 $40 por cont.
That in to Say, for every 81 worth Of papor pro-
duccd 1874 conta was paid for labor Tho pro-
portion paid for materials WAS G5 por cont, loav~
Ing 81 2-10 por cont to bo accounted for. De-
Quoting 2-t0 por cont for extraordinary oxpcn-
dturos, thero is 10 per cont Of tho proceeds left
for dividends. Now, Il these proportions be ap-
pliod to tho case Of tho 142 papor-mills in Massa-
ohusests, NO have tho following results:
E1renaed for wage. Ct .297 pcrnons. $50 2ee
xa Exne'laGa lot material. 120 0oo
extraordinary OF ponses 973, 900
pEoht On product. 2351, IT'S
valuo of product. ct.................s sls, ,5oo, 900
II theao proportions bo correct, then thore are
s2,o51, ,715 to DO divided among tho holders Of
the 100000 capital inyosted, and 1t il just
hero where tho protection corncs in. The sum Of
s2,o51, ZIG is fraction over 291 per cont. Con-
gross, by law, for tho purpose Of "protecting "
tho manufacture OF paper, has authorized tho
manufacturers practically to add largely to
/ do 30. Hence tho large profit on tho capital.
Tho comparative value Of protected labor and
! protected capital LIS ahown In tho reHult that,
while each laboror gets 9405 year out of
which ho haa to support himsolf and those do
pondont on him, each 81 ,s75 OF capital receives
tho Iko sum Of $4o5 aa Its earnings for tho yoar.
Tho result aimed at in protection Ia thus shown.
The lnhorer and 81 ,075 OF capital earn precisely
tho samo amount Of wages in tho courae Of one
| year.
It ia but Justice to say that protection often
ovorroaohes itsolf. Excited by the inordinats
profits it Affords capital is Withdrawn from Iosa
productive pursuits, and Is put In papor-mills i;
the amount Of papor produced is excessive COM
petition is actvo, tho price of papor fal1s stocks
On hand doprcclato, and ono-half tho mills ovont-
unlly become bankrupt. Tho remainder again havo
aprosperous time and lnrge profits, whom tharo ie
another expansion Of tho business another loss,
aud 90 Oh until tho end, In tho meantime tho
laborer is tho victim Of Ill tlis Initiating and ILL.,
healthy stimulation.