National opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1865-1874, 1873-02-14
Farm, Garden and Household,
Yeoding Meal 10 Cattle.

Teedins Meal to Cattle,
The stomach OF rxminnnt animals is
compound organ. II is divided inl
Tour compartments. When grass, Ia,
or any coarse food is eaten by the RI
minant, it passes, after partial mast
cation, down the csophagus, or mes
pipe, and is lodged in the ruman, G
first stomach, more commonly called til
Puncil. II is retained in this receptacl
or reservoir till the animal has leisur
to remasticate il. II does not lie q
rest, but is constantly stirred up an,
kept in motion by the peristaltic actioi
OF the sack that contains it, and is mix
ed up and softened with mucus by
this means and by fermentation, pre-
paraton is made for the work of diges
ton, II it is not in the strictest sens,
actually here begun. For tho purpose
OF remastication, according to Youatt
it is gradually moved into the second
stomach, honey-comb bag, and then
by spasmodic motion to the mouth.
After sufficient mastication it is swallow
cd again but instead of going back to
the place from which it is raised. or TO
the receptacle where il went the first
~ Woo oNaioWtu, IL HOW goes, nc
cordlng to the authority just cited, to
the third stomach, or inaniplies, where
1t undergoes further and material
change, and thence TO the last division,
or fourth stomach, where the process OF
digestion is completed Though diges-
ton proper is only carried on in the
fourth division Of the stomach, it is
evident that the action OF the other
divisions Of that compound organ is
useful to the digestive process or they
would not have been placed where they
are. That the changes wrought upon
the food in passing through the several
divisions hasten and perfect the action
OF the trne Gourth) stomach can hardly
be questioned.
Land for . Cow.
We asked two experienced Wisconsin
dalrymen, says farmers journal. How
many cows will good dairy farm of
l6O acres support in average seasons.
keeping besides only the horses needed.
and, perhaps, few hogs to use up
whey, &c. One, who has been many
years IN the business-as this was in
private conversation we do not mention
names-said that on his farm of that
size. ON which were twenty acres thickly
covered with timber and worthless for
pasture, he could keep forty. The
others estimate was forty also for the
I6O acres. OF course both included the
use of such land as was necessary for
the usual orchard, garden, &c, but not
Tor the production of anything for sale
except the products of the COW in milk.
or the cheese or butter made from the
mix. Both of the dairymen to whom
we refer believe heartily in the value of
sowed corn, believing II cheaper feed
than hay: One says he would want one
ana half acres of pasture for each COW.
TO last till after haying. After that time
he pastures the meadows. and feeds
green corn fodder, &c, with the usual
pasturage. The other would have two
ana q half acres of pasturage for each
cow for the whole season. also feedina
corn fodder in the Fall. He so plants
THIS that while it produces n large ,
amount OF stalks and leaves. it also ,
manqresa considerableIquantity of corn. I
IN tins feed he relies largely for the S
winter feed. ~
Ab soA Ahiik anu 6utter.
In feeding cows for milk and butter !
ne following suggestions were made Mt {
he Maine Agricultural Society: Raise 5
your own cows, do not buy tn EN-; strange
'nimals are lll-treated and often injured.
i you wish to get all the milk possible,
eed high, and in two years you can
rive all the milk out of COW ON t
ne contrary, feed moderately and many n
ows VIII hold out until they are 211 n
everal instances were mentioned. Cows Z
reated kindly will not be vicious. No d
ule Tor feeding them can be of uniyer- s
al application, their constitutions must C
g regarded as much as in the human b
ace. Abundant testimony was given e.
favor of fodder corn-with n prefer h
nee for sweet, although Southern corn 81
leiaed the most. One herd had been t.
lntered on 1T thus far-cut with hay d
~ t.'er-two quarts shorts and two quarts M
DO meal added. After fodder corn is III
ell cured, pack closely in the barn, as sc
'ws Will not eat it if it is too dry. One W
INK producer stated that he could not I'll
axe 1T pay to use the highest priced bl
~ !; he preferred poorer quality and SO
ore meal. In reviewing some dozen la
no allusion can be found sp
the use OF cooked food for dairy he
'ws. n,
Training steors. ell
One used to handling steers with d a;
ew to making oxen or them saws ui
Steers handle and yoke up the frst wv w,
inter- before they are a year old. and ILi;'
ring the following summer, to ac- hn
stom them to the yoke and to walk ne
re by side evenly together. The second w.
nter put them to light sled. and a al'
I small rope round the nigh ones ~" ~,
IN, not to guide them, but to secure 90 So'
en- from running away from me by lie,
ne sudden fright or some other causc. f -,
hen, with light, short whip, proceed To-, ,o;,
teach them to draw, to go forward. . tra'
stop, to haw and gee. 1 use few . a.
rds with them and few motions Of Una Una
whip, not trying to teach them too wa.
ny things at once. When they are n vi
lie older, | teach them to back bv PPn of
POSING piece of defending ground -. IN
that purpose, with the empty sled pos
cart Tor load. Inever try to plough ne
hout driver till the steers are fonr s s'ii
RS old "' ne