The New York herald., 1873-09-10


mills and 1--WE one-hundredths per mile-the total
| freight carriage would nave produced revenue OF
225 A. The Central's annual financial state
| ment for that year was as follows:-
| EARNINGS
From passengers. ?66E M
From misceIlaneoas sources" " .............. S65S62
Total ............. s25 $50 CTS
. DISBURSEMENTS.
For transportation expenses ................ 2S39
For roadway, bridges SSSss
For dividends Of per each ........ 7N4S3l
Total. s25 Ss5s7s
Balance, surplus Sept 30 ls72............... Asoa
II all the Central'S freight had been carried at
nine mills and five one-hundredths per ton per
mile that year its receipts would have been dimin-
ished @ by s7o2o,42d Ss, sum nearly equal to the
| deduction which would have been far from salts
factory to the enterprising capitalists whose
which this computation Is based Is above that by
canal.
From this exhibit 1t is clear that, with the pres
ent construction and equipment, none OF the roads
now in operation, while running slow freight and
paying business IN carrying freight as low as as the
| average Oh water carriage To reduce railway
lreigh5age expense to its lowest paying point it is
requisite to construct long, straight roads, with
easy grades, to lay them IN double tracks, with
heavy iron, and run over them large and frequent
delays. such roads, built honestly for cash, so
tnat their capital should only represent their ac-
| might reduce very much the cost of carrying
freight by railway, II not bring it to the level OF
the cost by water; H., n, -
| AS the avenues OF transportation now exist the
| most formidable rivals to New York lor the West
| ern grain trade are New Orleans and Montreal.
| With the Mississippi and Its tributaries New Or.
leans has river navigation of nearly 1900 miles, in
all OF which the cheap and efficient barge method
may be adapted for carrying grain quickly through
nearly the entire route: Against her, however, is
the unfavorabe eject of heat upon grain, which is
so severe that prudent shippers win always hesi-
| tate at adopting route otherwise especially
anS as s
Welland Canal vessels OF $50 tons capacity and
ss q .s M
grain to Montreal, and there discharge by noating
| elevators into vessels or steamers Tor the ocean
pedimSnts in the navigation OF the st. Lawrence,
moss of the lake craft are discharged at Kingston
TO Montreal. few vessels have carried cargo
through nom Chicago by this route to Liverpool; {;
| but certain economic reasons make 'h's nm:
Inclusive 10 400 bushels OF grain passed through
i .. ..wIence ioGS5 This movement was In.
creased as O. IN the four years, endIng with 1871 to
version Of western trade is still Increasing annu.
ally, the delivery OF Western grain at Montreal in
| 4,S46,SS bushels in 1856.
| A COMPETITOR NEARER HOME.
ort t os IN re gram
portion OF 1t by her railroads and water communi-
cations Her receipts in 1855 were 7,2eo5l6 bushels
and in 1872 reached "a gain OF 232 per cent.
New York; in the three years ending with 1858.
received bushels and in the three years.
bushels, gain OF 20 per cent. In 1872 the receipts
were 90 1922 bushels more than three times that
OF Phiadelpha and gain Of 81 per cent oyer 1856,
To this Inquiry the report furnishes q simple
answer. We can secure the great bulk Of the
ment OF the Erie and Oswego canals and their
locks so as TO pass boats OF 600 tons capacity and
HHomcai system Of steam PROPULSION. It demon.
strates that even tue completion OF the Canadian
ship canals between Lakes Huron and Ontario
| volved in long canal navigation, as compared with
free sailing or steaming BY the lakes TO Buffalo,
Bunsio, where besides the canal, there spi is the ne
the es the ns0pRsts sss
Engineer Ak ,da the cost Of this enlarge
win at iedsds tSs cost 81 o 9nq that sS
! one mill and tour hundredtbs per ton per mile |;
thirty.six cents from from Buffalo Buffalo 70 the Hudson. or
canal or by the Champlain route are not iavorably
and because there is large, unnecessary expense
attending the working Of large craft through long
not built for lake navigation. 1t is also doubtful il
sufcient water supply could be had for such ship
| GROWING NEED OF TRANSFORMATIONS
In 1927 only three miles OF railway existed In the
United States; in 1887 14sl in 1S47, 1886; in 1857
miles, OF which e,427 have been built within this
year. We have now population OF &C, OOO OoO, and
century, will bring the number to 100000. 900. We
pay about 81, 000O,0 900 annually for transporta-
Of ana and Ss fa mes in s SS. we win
Certainly this now costs fully 800 100000
| long railway lines which have proper feeders are
crowded to the full extent OF their equipment ca.
| East and west, Is carried on our various routes
annually, IN the proportion OF three East to one
the main trunk lines was about 81 ooO, 600 tons.
| Farmers in the West find that to send their corn
to market costs three times its value at their DOORS
1t requires the crop OF three acres to pay freight
on the product OF one acre. To save this ruinous
outlay the corn is as much as possible turned into
| limit, and out of an annual yield OF GOO, 600
bushels of corn, only $4,000, 600 OF which are sent
abroad, the large proportion must be marketed for
| home consumption or be burned as fuel In 1869
| the total numoer or beeves, calves, sheep and
%s % 1ne cur IN a @ SeaSSaDa cities BY
6795 s7e and last year, 65o6 67s. About one-ninth
OF the entire tonnage OF the principal through rail-
movement OF live stock is increasing from
100000 to 100000 per annum: Our grain
product could easily be carried to s,o0o,O0O,OOO
bushels In the Mississippi Valley and still have q
We r aeet e aee aan
nation on the face Of the globe, our crop being
| about double that OF France with about equal
| population -
| This country now uses annually upwards of
3,5OOOOO tons OF ron OF which 600 Is imported
| and the balance produced from our own mines.
At the present rate OF railway extension, with our
general progress unchecked, before the end Of the
century we will IRON 9,00O 900 to 100000 tons
OF iron yearly Facilities beyond the present sup
| the limestone from which this iron Is to be pro-
duced and for the iron and its thousand products.
Within our limits we have larger coal area than
any other country Our consumption In 1872 was