, 1873-09-15

Wator communication, wlethor by canal or
rivOr, must bo closed great part OF
tho ycar. During tho winter tho
srGGs 5 s n's 'ssa ss 70 'ss sse S @ ss a asnsn
plaint IL malo that Nlsnn navigation cloaos tho
fnruatlB charge h,ghor ratcH. l1l!n iH caused
by slo Inv Of supply and demand md by the or
trn cost Of working tho linos during tho wiutcr.
Tho extra exponBe of working tho roa.In during
tho wintor Is owing to moro night work being
necessary, by tho rond-beds being injured by
frost, and by the delay cnused By snow ana leg.
The incrcaao Of oxponao during tho winter ls
on tho train vaa all Of ono kind IL could DO
handled in a comparatively short timo but II tho
wheat was Of different kinds 1t would take a
much longer timo, becauBo thoro would haro to
would take at lenst half hour, and no mattcr
whether tho sorting Of the grain WAS donn nt
Now York or before reaching there, 1t would atin
take the titno to do 1t. Tho present capacity Of
tor tor Of m hour. Within cortaln distance each
tralu Inns to be inapoctcd to SEQ Tint everything
whilo thoro is apparently gone delay
to allow paahongcr.trainn. to pass, 1t ia
feay no grtnor to "n y o tra poa W w.
o1naiyc,v ~ for % f,nckf nnt, iho natHine Of Tia
pnssorEer trains is so arranged tint tl1cy allall
tnhe nlace II there were no passenger trains,
hn 1rme cnnanornt;xa inos nv Inv aro cni]cj mr.
nish car4 in proportion to tho mil, neo Of Their
roads. Eaoh company hne q freight agent, and
thot Ia, Gnoh comnany eenterinr In Chioano. and
ti.a t,a* Mostarn ,inns 10 t,,c snan tno rcnd
carries froglt for ieye rate than ihiB published
fnr;ff tho other rooda nro uot bonnt] tn ncccnt
of tbe % T!ro Conni Ia ahont II ma mn tona Iho
1,oatn hnvo incrnaucd in ai2n vsrv murh sinco
former catimntoa xvaro rneiJo T,orn ca,, In a.
mauy boata locked In a lsy. and OF courao
Tia 1,cntor thn azo ~ fin Inoto t,n ro, tnr Iho
number of tnna :. wherc nroner,v Ina to
In 1norcd in Inrro onantitinn tho ronis
carnnt co,nnatn wit1, thn concla hnt
In emn11er n,,nnt;t,oa il in, moro cronomi.
"a, % fnr Tia sEi,,,,or 10 ae,,d hv rail. 40 that
If he reo,,ires fnr icons,mption Hcertain olsutity
mr. Inv Il il n,nrn ccnnnm;cn1 for him to send
Hose snail dnitv onnntit;on hv rail' than 10
warchonse thom till tLey accumulate to a sum
ciontlv lnrra a,,a1Ittty 10 sllip Ly wntor. Wo
tronra 8 NJ Nav ~ Yor On necount Of erea;er
faa;l;tSoa 1or hand1;nr' a; Ala trnira r'7,orc ia
moro room tLcro than thoro could bo in tho
initial snaco obtninnblo In n larro civ like Now
1psn; Gni ,o,on Do.., pr,.;,,nt = :, t,o r,n;,o
ool' doeelh ~: 1o'th, irehluont oi INC Eh'Pifo
transportation Company, testified aa tohows:
My business la very similar to that Of Mr..
Hayos'. Wo hive III arrangement With tho df-
feront companies On to the cnrringo Of freight.
The cars nre owned by 1,a. and Tie, companies
allow us the rates Which thew pay each othor for
excess of cars, which ia about il cents por mile
run por car for eiglt~wheeled cars, built to
carry Ia tous; hut tic mothod OF COM
| po1satinp tho cAr-ovner difrcrs on the
various roads, THO Western systom is TINT
which Just statcd tho Eastor1, system is cithoE
hy ton NJ froirht cn,riol nor nile or elAo by a
certnin porcentago Of tic earnings Of freight
Der mile. Tho adyautage Of tho Eastern system
1s that tho chr is not mid for 11nloss 1t carries
something, Tho con,pouRation depcnds upon tho
amount carrled or upon tho amount earned but
Ixf. ~
ceirod BY tho road for tho ears which thoy them
sclyey own when those cars are used by another
roaI, and which their experience shows to lo
| about sufficient to cover tho expense and intor-
! road is that they hire uB 10 do by contract that
which thoy engage AIr. Hayes and his staff to do
for salary. In most casos, aud holioyo in all
| now. the contract ratio is certain per cont upon
rates Of freight aro higl, our compensation ia
Increased, aud If thoy aro low our compensation
| is diminished. For that percentage wo assume
certain responsibilities. We calculate All tho
froights ald charges. We establsh agencies
all over The country, and pay their expanhcs,
such as oflco rent, stationery, services
of moD, etc., aud thoHo agencies are for tho pur-
| pose Of bringing tho advantages Of the road to
tho cognizauco Of tho shippers, and Of settling
any question Of damages regardless Of what part
Of tho road tho damage occurred. Those agon-
| clos arc very numerous, and roach great many
local ports other than Tho commercial contres,
ald enablo tho small dealer TO secure az the
| advantages which would attend tllclr location in
the larger places. We hayo regular tariff shcett
Of prices, but we aro moroly tho agonta OF the
roade-a kind Of f1lsng Of the roads into gone-
ral mass. Wo have nothing to do viii, fixing
the rates. The railroad companies fix tho rates
Ct which We shall carry the trnfic: Those nrt
fixed by tue freight agents Of the different Lines
and whatever rate is named is the rate at which
we carry the goods, and our compensation ~ tlit
dlilorenoo between this fixed ratq and tue ratio w
fix with tho Company about wllas tho work wonlt
amount to if they DID tho work by hal
aty. They decide whothor it is clloapol
to hayo tho work done by contrac
or by themselves. Ny Impression Is tLat b.
employing US tho companies Bavo something
At Boma points We discharge tho cars. and q
others VIC do not. In New York NO do; tho road
ovor Which VIC run into Now York is q worry ahor
limo only seveiity.four miles and i ca,iso
a1ord to furnish tho facilities, aud the othe
roads do not wish to bear thoi1 share, tlarofor'
wo furnish thon1. Tho rato to the consumer i
no moro by our system than by co-operatiy