Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1873-04-23
Applied Science.

Il u
long been noticed that Fabrics colored
with coch1neal are apt to exhibit black
specs, which have been ascribed to the
presence of iron. According to Guig-
net, however, these are due to the for
NATION OF a carmlnate of lime, which
occurs IN the form of black powder,
1nsoiuble IN water. The salt, of a red
color, is soluble in acetic acid, on the
drying of the solution, as black resid-
nun.
NICKLE-PbAFED TYPE.-Type, electro
plated with nickel, are not only supe-
rior to copper-plated IN their resistance
to friction and pressure, being 10 times
as durable as ordinary type, on account
Of the almost steel-like hardness of
their surface, but, by reason of the
smootbness of the coating even when
the nickel is deposited in very thin
film, they render the finest lines more
perfectly and possess the decided adj
vantage of allowing the use of inks of
all colors, while the appropriated
change some of these inks and are
acted upon by Others as vermillon, etc.
An EBONY STAIN FOR WooD.-Apple,
pear and walnut wood, especially of fine
grain, give perfect limitations of ebony
under the following treatment: Boil in
a glazed vessel, with water, 4 OF, gall
nuts, | or. logwood chips, ! OF. vitriol,
and ] or. crystallized verdigris filter
while warm, and brush the wood with
the hot solution number. Of times.
The wood, thus stained black, is then
to be coated two or three times (being
allowed to dry completely after each
coating) with a solution of l OF of pure
iron filings IN a quart of good wine
vinegar. This is to be prepared hot,
and allowed to cool before USE
EFFECT OF RUBBER TUBES ON IIhUM-
MATING GAs.-The results Of recent in
vestigations by Zulkowsky show that a
dimunition OF intensity of the light
perceptible without photomeric aids, is
produced by the passage of ordinary
illuminating gas through rubber tubes
only Ia feet long, and that this dimuni-
ton is not due TO mixture of air by
| diffusion, but entirely to the partial
absorption Of some, perhaps all, of the
illuminating Ingredients. Further
more, since these absorbed ingredients
are given up IN a vacuum, and without
doubt also gradually TO the air, the
effect of such tubes is Independent of
the time they may have been in use.
ELECTRO sTANNUs METHOD OF PLAT
ING. "A recently invented mode of
plating, known as the electro stannus
process, consists in the use of cheap
white metal, of which tin is the princi-
pal Ingredient, and which can be read
lily deposited galvanically upon all
metals excepting zinc. The articles to
be plated are first thrown into bath
Of weak suiphuric acid and water, and
then into second strong bath of boil
ing potash I've, where a complete
chemical cleanness is effected They
are then suspended in vat containing
solution of metal, and having re-
manned there a sufficient length of
time, they are scratched y by a rap
idly revolving wire brush, when they
are ready to return to the customer
In emerging from the vat, the arti
Giles are of dull leaden color, but
they are susceptible of high polish,
yer little short of that of polished sill
yer. One of the chief advantages OF
the new method is that it obviates the
liability of iron and steel goods to
rust, and 1t proposed where articles are
to be silver plated, white under-coat
shall be first given by means of this
new material, so that when the silver
wears off it VII show the silver white
appearance beneath.
The process is now being applied to
coating various substances, such as
harness fittings, spurs, bedstead-
springs, sewing machines, gas fittings,
locks, keys, etc.
IMPROVEMENT IN MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER PULPE FROM WooD.-In the
chemical methods Especially those OF
Sinclair and Tessid de Motay( for con
verting wood into pulpe for paper (ad-
mitted to be superior to the mechanical
methods on account of the economy OF
power, and the non-requirement of a
prolonged beating so injurious to the
toughness of the stuff high pressure,
up TO IA atmOspheres, and a strong
! soda solution are required, together
with subsequent beating, and conse-
quent reduction of tenacity below that
of rag stuff. Ungerer now claims from
experiments IN his Laboratory Ito be
followed up by tests In a mill, in
course of construction, and intended to
turn out so cwt. daily,) that it is posi-
bic to dispense with the costly process
of mechanical communion of the
wood, and get along with steam pres
sure of but to 6 atmospheres, as well
as with. half the amount of soda, and
one-ffth the chlorine required by Sin
clair's process. The conversion of the
wood is so complete that subsequent
beating Is unnecessary, and not only is
mechanical power economical, but a
reduction in the tenacity of the stuff
avoided, and the addition of rag stuff
rendered unnecessary. It is also
claimed that % per cent. more of the
soda can be recovered. In addition to
simplicity, avoidance of high pressure,
and cheapness, it IS stated that the
process is not confined to the manufac
ture of paper, but that it is adapted fol-
preparing hemp, flax, &C., without the
preliminary operations of rotting,
breaking, &c.
BEER MADE WITHOUT HoPs.-A So
called ''Red Beer is manufactured
i'll North German brewery without
the use Of hops, which is said to be of
remarkable excellence. It flows thick
and oily, like Burgundy, possesses an
odor and bouquet between Rhenish
wine and Burgundy, and the flavor ola
strong port, except that it is more
spicy. 1t contains 7.2 per cent alcohol
and IL per cent extractive matter.
From very brief statement of the
method of preparation, it seems that
well terminated, a1r-dried malt is ex-
clusiyely used, which is crushed be-
tween rollers, mixed with cold water,
and, by the addition of boiling water,
gradually raised to IA degrees Fair.
enheit, and mashed four hours. The
wort is run into the brewing kettle
with II per cent dried malIows,
instead of hops, until the color
of red wine is impaired, and
then tannin carefully added, not much
being required, as the nlallows have q
clarifying and coloring action. II
soon becomes clear in the colors, and
at 50 degrees T. is brought into the
fermeptino vat with the Torment nre.