davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
ue1Ineifn iron; sp7q

The sudden and large decline in prices In the
Engllsh iron maFkets durinR tie first week Of the
present month has induced an examination and
comparison OF the several reports. About the be-
ginning OF the month there Was meeting of the
North OF England iron trade, at which everything
was reported favorable. Prices were well main
talued and the prospect Of the tipde was declared
excellent. On the very same day o great reduc-
uon OF price was announced by two leading firms,
ana before the close Of the week there had been
general shrnkage Of prices throughout the iron
districts OF England. The reduction is very large
amounting IN some cases to three pounds sterling
70 the ton, and in one at least to four pounds,
Delng reduction Of sixteen per cent. There is
ne visible cause for this dropping which has not
neen In operation during the last six months. La
Dor is quite as high as it has been and coal is
higher than everya q largeIadvauee being announced
SIN 81 nImuitaneously with the decline in iron. The
Boston Advertiser, in aludng to this matter, seys
the most plausible theory that can be suggested is
tnat the steady decline in the demand for iron
from abroad has opened the eyes of English man
utacturers 70 the danger they are ia Of losing
their foreign markets. This would 10 at any
time sufficient reason toy making the charges as
low as possible; but such considerations have
been neglected during the past year, and one is
forced to wonlcr what has so suddenly opened
their eyes to the risks they have been running 1t
Is 6y no means certain that the decline will be
maintained, as many of the iron men have yielded
most relu' tintly TO the pressure upon them, and
regard the movement At this time as premature.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

IHE EFFECT OF THE GRANoEs.-The move
mant N the Western States regulating railroad
ttrlttsls widening its MOI molecommsnding influence.
The operations Of the new law Of Ilinois with
reference TO freight rate il not yet definitely de-
teTmined, but II is probable that an attempt will
be made blythe railroads to secure under it an
advance Of rates within the State, amounting to
something like one-third of those now charged.
The railroads will unquesIionably have 10 meet
their customers in court, where the plea will be
made that any advance is unreasonable" and
unreasonable" charges subject them, according
70 The recent law, to heavy fines, ranging from
SlUOO 10 $4,000 for the first offence, up to $25,,-
OoO for each offence srb5pquentto the third. On
the other hand, the working Of the law in re-
gard 10 passenger rates is likely TO tend gen
eral reduction, estimated as likely to bring the
average rate as low as three and half GEMS per
mile. These organisations, which are showing
such commanding influence, were originally a
nucleus known as the Patrons of Husbandry,
originated in Washington in 1867, and the Ma
t!Onal Grange was organized in December OF
that year. t1ta
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

DR.. Edward Warren, late professor In the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti-
more, Nd, and well known as the chief medI-
cal expert in the great Wharton poisoning
case, has been selected by the Khedive Of
Egypt, for the distinguished position Of sur
geon TO the staff of his army, with the rank Of
colonel and the privilege Of practising medi-
cine and surgery In the city of Cairo. Dr..
Warren has arrived at his post HIs repartee
to the Attorney General that '1awyers' mis-
takes sometimes hang six feet in the air." will
not soon be forgotten. t,,. re-tE
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

The ex-Prince Imperial, while at -Arensn-
berg lately, ascended the Right, where6n he
met NM. John Lemoinne and Bapstaof the
Journal dec DJbGtS. He pushed against al :.
Lemolnne ami angered him, but passed on
without recognition. Afterward the Journal
lists met Dr. COrvisart, who told them who
the young FTenchman was, and, In their sight
caught up with the Prince and informed him
of the indignity Of Lemoinne, who had been
probably the ablest opponent of the Empire.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
Wilmington and western R n.
TIME TABLE.
SPRING ARRANGEMENT.

sarj In CommencinR April 9TH
&a-25. trains will run as follows:
4ys Leave Mil95inEtCn g. % 1919 a m. and g 6 s5 m.
Arrive at WILMINGTON I s. a m, OO and 90 m.
Arrive at Landenbeyg 20. IL 81 M and 90 D N.
C0NNECTl0NS-Train leaving Wilmington al
10 40 n with train leaving Philadelphia at so q
m; baltimore et Z 80 m. and Delaware R r trains
Trains leaving Wilmington at IS m. connects
with train leaving PhiladelDhia at 4 90 D m.
Train arriving at WILMINGTON at 55 m With
train Philadelphia at B 10 O m.
Train arriving at Wilmington at 90 with train
for Philadelphia Rt 90 p m. ~ III. :
Train arriving AZ Wilmington at s 90 m with
train for Baltimore and Washington at IL D m:
with train for Philadelphia and New York nt SO
p m. and with Del ware R trains at 6 IS m.
SUNDAY TRAINS,
Leave Wilminaton 90 and 30 pm Nd.
Leave Landenberg is m, and As D m.
2 Arrive Wilmingtsn 2 20 q m.s and 90 p M,
Arrive Lahdeberg z "a D M, and 4 AZ D m
Trains ARRIVING IN Milmington at 90 p m. con-
meet with train for Philadelphia at 80 . M
0wnibug con nections between W. and W. and p.
W. and b. DeDOts, and cars of the Milmington City
katTay. st!4 az DAVID o0NNELL. supt.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
CONNECTIONS.
no THE PUBLIC.

i The Wilmington and Reading Railroad Com.
pany have completed arrangements TO carry Money
Packages and Express Matter to ami from all Donta
on the line OF their road and West Chester.
Also. to all points on the Phil 4delphia and Read
ing and Catawissa Railroads. Including Reading
Allentown, Columbia, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Down
ingtoEI, Mahoney City. Mt. Carmel. NorrlstOWn.
For further information apply at the Depot cor
ner Of Front and Madison streets, WilminRtOn.
Express matter sent ~ franklin TsleRraDh vdice,
No, West Third street or to their De- pot, Front
and Madison, or orders left with McMdIlon 4 Seal.
delivering agents. will receive prompt atteAtion-
aDs-tf 5. scl Gen'I suD't W. 4. 4. Z. %.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
Philadelph Wilmington and
Baltimore Railroad.
Delaware DiYision Time Table.
SPRING ARRANGEMENT.
On ana sfkaP MONDAY An.;I o1.t
aINQ ARRANGEMENT

lsss.. @ SSnSaSSST sHospsea'J F1SSin. Fam Tls 1i
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

DECLINED WITH THANKs-Henry Ward
Beecher declined to receive the degree Of d,
D., because he considered the honor an empty
one, and preferred to remain plain "Mr.f'-
Now comes venerable Indiana clergyman,
the Rev. Richard Hargrave, who refuses for
the second time IN be called "Dr" He SAYS
he ls seventy years old, and In falling heath,
but he has no desire to be Doctored. Mr..
Beecher and Mr.. Hargrave, therefore, 90 down
to history together aS shining examples Of
clerical good sense.-N 2, Commercial Adper-
tlasr. N-H-.l- I
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
RaIIruaa 9tuHa.
Philadelphia, wilmington ana BaItI'
moro Railroad,

GznS1sS'~
n III
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
Philadelpnls. Wilmington and Bal
Tlmore Railroad.
DELAWARE DIVISION.

TMPoRIANT NoTICE-on and after Monday,
n April 2lsts 1873 Passenger Train will leave Sea-
ford at go q m. for Philadelphia, Baltimore and
Intermediate citations. 10
: The Us p. m. train from Wilmington with Phila-
delphia and Baltimore connection will run TO Sea-
trains TO- and fr0m SeafOrd. N
On and after the above date this Company will dis
continue running the early morning and evening
trains between Milford and Harrington.
II. +. KENNEY, Supt.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

leave as follows /:
HORTHRARD.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

Inc Mixed Train viii run subect to delays 'inci-
dent TO freight business and wilfstop only at sta
NEW CASTLE TRAINS
Leave New Castle for WILMINGTON and PhIladol-
atT.40 Am. Leave PhilaA0lDhfa Al 10 is p. .M ana
Wilmington ct l.2i P. NJ. for New Castle,
SMYRNA BRANCH TRAINS.
Additional to those above. leave Smyrna for Clay
ton ll.39 q. m.s and7.35 p. M, Leave Clayton for
Smyrna $40 Q. m, and 400 D. m, to mako oonnoc-
1on T1th trainsto and from Dover. Sld stations
CONNECTIONS.
At TOWNSEND. with the Kent County and Queen
Anne's q Kent Railroads.
.AtOhAYToN. with the Maryland and Delaware
ASHARRLNGTQN. with the Junction and Break
At STAFFORD with the Dorchester and Delaware
At lNELMAR, with the Eastern Shore Railroad
and Wicomico and PocOmOke Railroad,
Z Y. =. KENNEH. SuDt.
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23

We don't know about that COnceit and
vanity assume various shapes and some men
are so vain of their simplicity they carry H to
the extreme Of absurdity Richmond Eyioiklrer
Wilmington daily gazette., 1873-07-23
RUsH's
STEAM FREIGHT LINE

Leaves Cd wharf above Chestnut street. Pbiladel.
phia. daily ct p.ms and French street wharf, Wi
mineton, ct 2. n. FTSisht handled carefully and
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
A City Boys Letter From the Country

DEAR JIMMY: Ask your mother
to bring you up here right of. It's
gay. There's fishing here and lots
of worms to catch 'em with. You
stick the hook in them and they
wrlggle bully. Fishin's funnier
when you don't catch the hook IN
the seat OF your pantaloons, so that
YOU can'tsit down and can't fish all
The way homo. did that the other
day, and Mr.. Jenkyns, Cousin
Laura's beau, asl't me if l was a
sole or heel. Suppose he thot he
was going to be funny, but didn't
see it. Bimeby, [ saw him cut a
piece out of Cousin Laura's hair,
where her hook caught. and kiss 1t,
like great baby, and put it i'll his
pocket. So I told on 'em at tea,
and Everybody laft. They have
COWS here and [ 60 to see them
MIXED. They don't pump 1t out
with their tails, like you and | thot
they did, but they squeeze it out OF
a bag that comes on purpose, l sup
pose. I MIXED the other night.
It was very hard to squeeze, aud it
would not 60 into the pail. Some
went into my eyes, aud the rest
went up my sleeve. / don't like
turkey cocks neither. They ruffie
themselves up and run at you:
They are pherocious bird, and
disagreeable to live with. Chickens
are nicer. We cat 'em. They put
them under a "barril'' atnight, and
Bill and kill them in the morn
ing. We have bully fun wringlng
their necks. You'd better come
here right off and bring a shotgun,
for there are bears here-anyhow
we saw fox-and candy, because
we can't get any here, and a pop
gun, and some bows and arrows
and things. Perhaps we eau shoot
a deer. I think MIR. Jenkins is a
blamed fool. lie made me believe
he found a deer's track the other
day, and when I looked at it it was
only the mark of Cousin Laura's
boot. I don't see what makes him
so happy about girls. We won't,
will we? I'd be ashamed. [ am
going to ride old Sam tomorrow.
He's a horse. You ride him bar
back, and it's very hard to stick on,
he feels so squirmy. Give my love
to all the boys, and tell them I'm
having a bully time, and [ hate old
Jenkins. No more atpresent from
Yours truly, ROBBIE.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
American Humor.

The American humor partaSes
slightly of the Spanish character
and extravaganza, but it is, never
theless, the growth Of the soil. The
vastness of the country, which is
said to be bounded on the east by
the Atlantic ocean, on the north by
the aurora borealis, on the west by
the setting sun, and on the south
by the day of Judgment, and the
peculiar circumstances in which the
people are placed, can be traced in
most of these stories. The hyper
bolical or tall species of American
humor was much in vogue some
years ago, and such stories as the
following were once very common ::
"a man was so tall that he had to
60 up a ladder to shave himseH;;"
another so strong that his ''sneeze
would kill a buffalo across the Miss
issippi rivcr;" "a Massachusetts pig
was so lean it was necessary to tic
a knot in its tail to prevent it get
ting through the chinks Of the pa.
ling" Gan American artist painted
a snow storm so naturally that he
caught bad cold by sitting near it
with his coat off, "Some land
was so rich that a squash vine, in
its rapid growth, overlook drove
Of pigs" "The reason why cream
is dear is that milk has risen so high
the cream can't reach the top"
There is capital story, in which it
is related that "a coach drove
through the country SO last, and
the mile-stones passed so quickly
by, that the passengers thought they
were in church yard" This
coach, however, was beaten by the
"skipper, which went so tarnation
fast that in sailing round Long
Island she left her shadow three
and a half miles behind her.
Major n, when asked whether he
was seriously injured by the explo-
sion of the boiler of the st. Steam
er, replied that che was so used to
being blown up by his wife that a
mere steamer had no effect upon
him" The evidence of witness
in life insurance case involved in
the blowing up Of steamboat in
the Ohio is droll, just because it is
characteristic. The witness knew
the missing man, and saw him on
the deck of the steamboat before
the explosion. When asked by
the lawyer, "When was the last
time YOU saw him?' he answered,
'The very last time I ever set eyes
on him was when the boiler burst,
and as I was going up, | met him
and the smoke stack coming down. y
We all know that the American
oysters are large, but that one must
have been of extraordinary size,
which required three men to swal-
low it whole,
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
yACCINATED.

What vile abomlnation
Is this awful vaccination!
Half the arms of half creation
Must be sacrificed and sore.
Mine is itching, swelling, aching,
'Tontures new forever making,
Aud I wonder-"IS it taking"
And l murmur-"What bore?"
Not word or sign of pity
Can l find in the city,
Every fool who would be witty
Makes remarks about my arm.
Some, with hearts than icebergs colder,
In their malice growing bolder,
Seize me roughly BY the shoulder, 8
'->' Just to laugh at my alarm.
Every mortal is my foeman;
Sympathy win from no man.
But with courage truly Roman,
Bear my misery alone.
Every one who cOneth nigh me
finds some way to tease and try me;
Pokine, rubbing, jostling By me,
- Wondering how cross I've grown.
Shade of Jenner, long departed,
Had your arm so achcd and smarted'
Less severe and softer hearted
You'd have been in life below.
Had you known this pain distressing
Which the world is all confessing,
You'd haveleft some milder blessing
With little less Of woe.
Life becomes but void and frightcul;
HOrriu l>iOlls nil my sight
Even smallpox seems delightful,
Matched against this little sore.
HSould that were dead or dying,
Passed beyond this torture trying,
To some home of angels hieing,
Where they vaccinate no more.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
Pacific Guano Company,
CAPITAL sl,ooo,OoO)
SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO.

TNVHIS GUANO is now so we'll known
n in all the Southern States for it's
remarkable effects as all agency for in
creasing the products of labor, as not to
require special recommendation from u.s..
Its use for seven years past has establish
ed its character for reliable excellence.
The large fixed capital invested
by the Company in this trade affords
the surest guarantee of the continued
excellence of this Guano.
The supplies put into market this sea-
son are, as heretofore, prepared under
the personal supervision of DR.. St. JUL
ian Ravenel, Chemist of the Company,
at Charleston, S. c., hence planters may
rest assured that its quality and compo-
sition is precisely the same as that here
tofore sold.
J. N. ROBSON,
Selling Agent, Charleston, S. G.
JNO. s. REESE & CO.,
General Agents, Baltimore.
. TERN1S-$4S cash; $53 time, without
interest.
TO accommodate planters they can or
der now and have until the lst of April
to decide as to whether they will take at
time or cash price. When delivered
from the Factory by the carload no dray-
age will be charged.
Nov. q, 1872, 33-6m.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
Ayers Ague Cure,

For Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever,
Chill Fever, Remfttent Feyers Dumb
Aoue, Periodical OF Buious Fever &c.s
and indeed oil the affections which arise
from malaricuA, marsh, o. Miasmata0
poisons. -. ~
AS its name implies = does Care end does 20; ne
fail. Containing neither Arsenict Quinine, Bis.i
muth, Zinc, nor any other mineral or poisonpas
substance whatever, It in noTise injures any pa
tient. The number and importance Of Its cures
in the ague districts, are literally beyond acconnt
and we believe without parallel IN the .histoTy
OF Ague medicine Our pride Is grntifed by fh6
acknowledgements we receive Of the radical curee
effected in obstinate cases, and where other rem,
Unacciimated persons, either sres:dent IN, a.
travelling through miasmatic localitie VII ba
protected by taking the 1GU UE CURE daiiy. !. s.
For Lipey Con.plaissts, arising nom torpid
fty Of the Liver, 1t Is an excellent remedy srmu
lating the Liver into healthy actiyity = e,
For Bilious Disorders and Liver Complaints, y
Is an excellent remedy, producing many nyly
remarkable cures, where otiier smedicines nao
% Prepared by DIR. j. G. ArEr 3 co, Praetica!
and Analytical Chemists, Lowell, Massa ana
sold all round the world. " 3 4ssssz "a
g PRICE, 500 PER BOTTLE. 3 (;
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
Late Fashion Notes.

Blue will be the leading color in
Spring silks. Lophohore, a new
SHADE of greenish blue, is seen
among. the importations for early
Spring wear.
Turquoise blue is also very fash
ionable.
All the indescribable shades,
known as paradis, lizard and pea
cock, worn in the Winter, are to be
seen in the Spring goods, but in
paler tints, suitable for the season.
Pale gray shades, tinged with
green and blue, arc also introduced,
Norwegian gray is a charming
gray shade, with blue tint.
Airian, or copper color, is a sty-
lish brown.
Verd antique, black bronze, and
various other metallic shades are
seen.
Pervenche, or periwinkle, is a
new shade of purple.
Mordore is a light golden brown
hue.
Striped silks in all these colors
arc seen as well as selt-colored ones.
The stripes are either in contrast
ing or harmonizing colors.
Polka dots will be revived on all
goods cheaper than pure silk fab
RIGS, such as foulards. pongees,
grenadines and prints.
Foulards bid fair to be very pop
ular; they are brought out in dark,
rich colors with polka dots, cres
cents, stars, or japanese figures in
white sprinkled upon them.
Napoleon blue, dark, rich
shade, is the favorite color for these
foulards.
Foulard Laine, or woolen fou-
lard, is new fabric, just imported
for Spring wear. 1t is as soft and
flexible as cashmere, light as fou-
lard, twcnty-six inches wide, rever-
sible, and comes in all the new
shades of blue, bronze, absynthe,
souchong, &C., that are now so
fashionable.
Pongees, in unbleached and dust
colored hues, are seen in large
quantities among the importations.
Satin jeans, a lighter quality than
formerly worn, is also seen among
the wash goods in these new colors
and polka dots.
The new pcrcales have dark
grounds, and some have twilled
stripes of d ,rk color on q white
ground. The figures on the dark
grounds are tiny dashes, sprigs, and
Greek squares OF white atlntcrvals.
The coming Spring jacket is OF
marine blue, double-breasted, and
with rcrers and square pockets.
kn, bnohorI &c
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05

Coop NEWS FOR SoME.-Better than
all quack medicines is the invigorating
power 6 the sun Here is a bit of
news for bald-hcaded people. Says a
writer from the silver mines Of Mon
tana "a friend of mine who had the
misfortune to be bald-headed, know
ing that there is- wonderful invigo-
rating power in the SUMS rays, last
spring threw away his hat, and work
ed in the gulch all spring, summer
and fall, bareheaded, and also for the
first few days at midday. For a few
days the rays Of the hot sun on his
head were almost unbearablc; after
that time he experienced no uneasi-
ness whatever. The result was that
in the fall he had a good head Of hair.
And in this experiment he was not
Of his acquaintances
who were bald-headed having followed
the same plan were all fortunate
enough to experience the same result"
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
SCRAPS.

Can pretty woman be plain cook?
The real yellow fevcr-Grecd for
gold.
An expensive wife makes a pensivo
husband.
When a mans neck-tieis united,
how untidy he looks:
When is a woman as cold as ice ?
When she is scold.
When is a man like cannon::ball :?
When be looks round.
Whv should sick man not be allow:
cd 10 vote ? because he's IN illegal
voter.
A bow who undertook to ride horse
radish is now practicingou a saddle OF
mutton.
Why is it not good to beat children
hard and often Because you may
beat oft and harden.
An Iowa paper boasts of weather
"rold enough to make an arctic bear
wear pulse warmers"
Among the saddcst spectaclcs in the
late storm in Minnesota was the treez-
Ing of the hands, nose, forehead every
thing except the check, ola life assur-
ance agent.
A young lady at a South Norwalk
party explained that her father con-
Quoted an aquarium which was much
better than saying be kept fish mar
lsct -Duubury Nt0s.
At ball given in Philadelphia:
"Then you are fond Of dancing, sr p
said pretty girl to her rpartner." "On
the contrary, miss, l detest it," "Rut
this is your fourth polka, if l don't mis-
take p True, but the fact is. my doc.
tor has ordered me a good perspiration
at any cost"
The Worcester (Mass.) Spy remarks
that "indepcndcnt Journalism" as now
practiced by those who make the loud
est professions OF it, apparently con-
sists in abusing everybody else by d.
rect attack, sneers or innucndo. and
praising one' self without stint or
measure.
Endcavor to do your work quietly.
Anxiety and over action arc always
the cause of illness and restlessness.
We must use our Judgment to con-
troll our excitement, or our bodily
strength will break down. We must
remember that our own battle is to
be won by strength not our own.
1t is battle that does not depend up
on the swift nor upon the strong.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
ABBEyILLE BRANCH.

Train leaves Abbeville at 9.15 A. M,
connecting with Down Train from
Greenville. Leaves Cokesbury at 2.l5
p. NJ, connecting with Up Train from
Columbia. Accommodation Train,
Mondays, Wednesdays apd Fridays.
Leaves Cokesbury at LIS A. NJ, or OH
the arrival of the Down Train from
Greenville. Leaves Abbeville at l
o'clock 2. NJ, connecting with Up
Train from Columbia.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05
ANDERSON BRANCH e. BIUER1DGEDIv'N

Accommodation Train between Bel
ton and Anderson on Tuesdays, Thurs
days and Saturdays. Leave Bellon at
$50 a. NJ, or OH arrival of Down Train
from Greenvillc. Leave Anderson at
2.O0P. NJ, connecting with Up Train
from Columbia.
THOS. DODAMEAD,
Gcn'l superintendent.
JABEz NORTON, Genl Ticket Agent.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05

A thies was lately caught breaking
into sony. He had already got
through the first two bars when a po.
liceman came up aud hit him with q
staye,
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05

4 soldier cannot be even half a SOL
der if he is in quarters.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1873-03-05

During the fever epidemic of last
month, the stock of Ayers Ague
Cure in the Old North State became
exhausted, and before a supply
could be received from Lowell, the
suffering from chills and fever be-
came fearful. A few parties were
SO fortunate as to have it on hand,
and in one county, the druggists
ekcd out their slender stocks by
selling doses-a spoonful each-for
dollar. Many paid ten dollars
for a bottle, when the regular price
is but one, and thought themselves
favored at that, so valuable are the
curative properties of this prvpara-
ton, which not only expcls the
poison from the system, but leaves
the patient with unimpaired health
and vigor.-Raleigh On. c. Stand
ard.