Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-02-07


aud successful one, but knew that if any
Others could suggest improvements thereon,
none would welcome them any more than
Mr.. Douglass himself With some conclud.
ing observations Of general nature, his ex-
cellency sat down amid heOrty applause.
Mr.. u. Il. Jameson then read paper up.
on Cow Stables" which will be given in
full to the readers of the FARMER. This pa.
per was followed Immediately by short pa
per on Maple Sugar Making" by d. Tolles,
Esq, of Royalton. MIR. Tolles finds whittier
sugar from trees on light colored soils. Uses
Posts spout, and tin buckets. All utensils
must be clean and sweet, and manufacture
prompt and rapid, care being taken not to
burn, and to strain sap and syrup carefully /;
advised flannel strainer.
In reply to question: Mr.. Jameson spoke
of the value Of exercise and fresh air for
cows in winter, but would not let them out
in cold, windy, or cloudy weather.
Col. j. b. Mead, Of Randolph, referred to
the advantage Of having fresh running water
before cattle in winter, When turned out
to water, they drink too much Of ice water,
chilling and injuring them. Would be a
benefit If the water could be cheaply warmed.
Was in favor Of turning out occasionally, in
good weather. Spoke of new form of stan
chion working on pivot, which combines
the security of the stanchion with the free
movement allowed by chains. Mr.. Jameson
gave an instance in which the warming Of
the water was secured by having it pass in a
pipe through the fire-box of the kitchen stove
on its way from the spring to the stable. 1t
was found to be great benefit.
MIR. Tinkham put in a protest against
warmed water and steamed food for cattle.
Thought it was best as nature provided it,
aud that warm stables, cooked food and
warmed water would ruin the constitutions.
You must tougher cattle by exposure, would
like to know how otherwise it can be done.
This problem gave rise to lively discus
sion, too desultory to report. The general
impression was that it did not pay to tougher
domestic animals by exposure to rough wea.
Their.
The chairman remarked referring to the
subject Of" Water in Barns" that Mr.. Geo
+. Nutting, of Randolph, knew something
about the matter, and called upon him to
read paper which he had prepared in refer.
ence thereto He said there were three
methods of supplying barns with water first
by aqueducts from sources higher than the
point of delivery, second from cisterns and
wells, and third by forcing the water from
streams lower than the point of delivery by
force pumps or water rams. In the first anc
last cases the water must be conveyed il
pipes, and these should always be safely be
low the lowest reach Of frost The pipe,
should also be large enough to carry a suf
6cient supply, and strong enough to bear an,
pressure to which it may be subjected Ii
a sticky clay like that of Addison County
lead will not last and there he recommended
patent wood tubing A patent stone pipe
made in this state was recommended wher,
a large supply Of water is required. The
worst water pipe is galvanized iron. 1t il
poisonous and not durable. Does not think
the danger Of poisoning from lead pipe very
great Mr.. Nutting then gave history o
the invention of the hydraulic ram. Thes,
require engineering skill to set and arrang,
properly, hut are very useful when rightly
put up.
Referring to Mr.. Tolles' paper on Sugar
Making" specimens were exhibited of crys
talized "nitre," or malate of lime, from
maple sap, prepared by Prof Collier, anC
showing positively what it is. This malat'
of lime is a compound of a vegetable aciC
and the lime of the soil. This acid (mali,
acid) is abundant in some fruits, especial,
the apple, from the botanical name of which
(maius) the name Of the acid is derived. Ii
its chemical composition it is closely allieC
to sugar, and Prof. Collier mentioned that i
was still question whether it (the acid) ex
lists in the sap Of the maple, or is formeC
from sugar in the process of manufacturing
The lime unquestionably comes in the sap
He invited any one present to send him sam
Piles OF y" nitre for further investigation, Il
more fully settle the question whether on an,
soil, or under any circumstances. it ever con
sists of any thing else than malate of lime
There was flying discussion in reference
to this subject, showing that the deposit i
more abundant in some seasons than Others
and on lime and slate soils than on grant
soils, also that second growth maple yields i
more abundantly than trees of the origina
forest.
Tuesday Evening.
/ The first paper Of the evening session wa
by DIR. G. l.. Case Of Brandon, entitle
"Who Shall do Our Work." DR.. Case re
ferred IN commencing to the growing dsincli
nation of the rising generation to do manua
labor, and their desire to engage in trade O
enter the professions. In Brandon duriD
: the last twenty years not half as many c
, those engaged in trade have attained success
, as from an equal number of farmers or mt
chanics. Very few American youth desir
f to learn mechanical trades, and about as fc
! affect farm labor They all seek employ
Q ments in which there is no danger of dirty
e ing the fingers, and had rather peddle SEWN
I silk or pictures from house to house than
do any honest work. In politics, as insul