The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-04-12

av0wedly speaks OF himself on two OCCASIONS as
sitting on this Tribunal ~ In some sense the rep
resentative OF Great Britain. The government
OF the United States here has no occasion to
pass Judgment on this attitude OF the arbitrator
named by Great Britain. take the fact as find
IL. perceive that Sir Alexander Cockburn while
advancing as public law opinions which are pub
lshed by authority OF the British government,
processes to be In some sense the representative
OF that government II IL In this sense that he
speaks in the expression OF his reasons for dis
senting from the decision of the other members OF
the Tribunal, and therefore the government OF the
aaa ay iaxs nm me a. s
which he thus maintains in behalf and a.
the representative OF his government deserve
questions. lie holds that whatever restrictions the
neutral in the exercise OF his territorial rights i'm
poses on the one belligerent he must impose on
the other also As the discussion grows out OF the
in which one VI the belligerents Is Legitimate
government in treaty amity with tho neutral and
the other rebel IN arms against thar legitimate
government II Is to be assumed that the PROPOSE
ton applies with especial force to such a case. ne
try can only be held responsible for the breaches
OF neutrality committed by It's subjects when u
may reasonably be expected to prevent tn leu,
IN the same degree that 1t diminlshes neutlai
obligation, which 1t measures by the vague sta ,.
ara OF what ia reasonable He maintains tne flg n
Of the subjects OF neutral TO supply to the oela
gerent any objects available for warnke pprposes
as arms and munitIons. provided the same be done
amino c0naneycdfdi, and not dTsuao aovno1, .
rule so unqualified and subject only 70 tne bell
Cerent right or blockade and OF capture FOR contra
band. is q very broad assertion OF neu
tral right. In discussing the question Of
case IN his mind, ne reduces as Tar
he may the s 1,a ,aae. OF ., diligence g,
favor OF the necsra ne nss on sne ia sr o.
lects to proceed in conformity with the spirit OF
ite legal institutions, according to its established
system OF official routine, with such legal advice 81
the government Is accustomed to receive. He
maintains that the neutral government is not to
be held responsible for error in judgment, nor for
declining tn seize vessel ak the instance Of the
begerent on merely suspicious circumstances,
seemingly inadequate to convict, nor Tor mlacar.
rage OF Justice through some mistake OF The courts,
nor for error OF Judgment on the part OF subordinate
officers OF the government. His views relative to
the alleged uniriendiness OF the British Minister
towards the United States and that OF the British
subjects and colonies. amounts to complete justil-
cation OF any degree Or sympathy on the part Of
the authorities or subjects OF o neutral govern
ment III favor OF the rebels or any other govern
ment. and tends TO exonerate governments and
subjects alike from any obligation OF good will
towards treaty iriend--tne Suffering, legitimate
government. His conclusions the question or
recognition OF delinquency accorded TO rebels IN
arms preclude any possible exception on the
score OF prematurencss or other circumstances.
His response to the allegation in the case OF
the United States that Great Britain including her
colonies was the arsenal, the navy yard ana the
treasury OF the insurgents, assumes that recog-
milton OF the belgerency OF rebels they became pos
Sessed OF equal right with the legitimate govern
ment in the ports Of the neutral; and yet the
cess0n OF belgerency TO insurgents does not in his
view, give to the legitimate government any cause
OF complaint against the neutral government. He
unequivocally justiies the use OF the ports OF the
Bahamas and Of Bermuda as entrepots tor blockade
running cargOes and the transhpment OF the latter
INTO lighter craft thus lav0ring neutral right
and protecting the exercise OF that right in man.
ner most favorable TO q feeble belligerent, and
especially to insurgents as against their govern
ment. He maintains the right OF the neutral gov
eminent to abstain from the exercise Of spon.
taneous activity for the repression OF attempts OF
its subjects to violate neutrality, and to require
the representative OF a belligerent Power, asking
the aid OF the government to make out a case for
the application Of the law, Just as it is left to do
to an ordinary individual who desires to put the
laws in melton in order to obtain redress in his
own behalf There are other assertions Of import
ant neutral right, but these are among the most
important. They seem all TO be available in pos
are announced by the Representatives OF
the British government in the tribunal
at Geneva and are published BY authority Of that
is not my present purpose to discuss these various
positions. Some Of them are in evident conformity
or practsed by the United States, but not always
admitted by Great Britain; while some Of them are
In qualification, II not in substance, the result Of
modern events, and especially Of recent contrO-
versy between the United States and Great Britain.
1t needs but the most cursOry glance Mt the mass OF
submitted to the Tribunal Of Arbitration to see hew
thoroughly the remonstrances and protesta,
at s Of ss q as
have quickened and stimulated the European, and
above Oil the British mind into more careful ex-
animation and more complete perception OF the
rights and obligations OF neutral powers. For the
question Of rights is inseparable from that OF obi
alike what are the rights OF the neutral as against
both belgerents, and what are It's duties as
respects either belligerent. In effect the occur.
more or less modification OF the freedom OF action
OF the neutral "ether by land or by sea-" But free
egn power, although in time of war such power
yields portion OF its freedom, that Is OF its gene
right the the Of sSeu Or be
expected to yield the least possible OF that general
freedom that will allow it to be neutral in fact; for
the other hand each belligerent is entitled to de-
mand Of the neutral in profession that II should be
neutral in fact. The United states have had occa-
sion to look practically at both sides Of the ques-
tien, and therefore sometimes to assert neutral
duties, while more generally asserting neutral
rights and the policy OF peace, to such extent and
under such circumstances as to have rendered the
United States the champion of neutral rights, and
On the Of W Enrone Hsry
itself. cannot err therefore, in thinking 1t i'm
portant to note for future memory the positions in
this respect maintained by the representative" OF
the British government at Geneva, and that repre-
sentative the Lord chief Justice Of England.
Serious Illness of the President.
The President had severe attack OF illness this
evening. The family physician, DR.. Newman, was
Immediately summoned, and, at a late hour to-
night, he is comparatively easy.
The Treasury and the May Interest.
Payment OF the May interest is, to very great
eAIent, peia2 anticipateu WITH rebate, at Boston,
New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore. A number
OF the national banks have made application for
the interest due their registered stock deposited
for security OF circulation; but Secretary Richard
sen decides it cannot be done as the schedule re-
qures the interest must he paid in full. The last
sale OF gold will be made on the oath inst and it is
understood the Secretary will order the payment
OF the May interest without rebate on Friday the
25th inst.
Embargoed American Proper I'm Cuba.
The State Department has referred to the
Spanish American Claims Commission all claims
for the restoration OF Enlarged property Of
Americans in Cuba, although correspondence Is
still kept up with the Spanish government on that
subject.
More Confederate Archives TO be Pur-
chased.
An anoropriatjon of s,o 600 included in tho late