The New York herald., 1873-08-05

any more than could the geographical fact that
the southern portions OF Canada are in the same
atltudes as Corsica and the northern provinces OF
Spain, Italy and Turkey, extending as far south
even as the latitude OF Rome" or the other less
pleasing reelection that the bulk OF the territory of
the United States lies within nearly the same
parallels OF latitude as the Great Desert OF Sahara
ana IS comprised within the region OF Summer
drOughts." CoOred maps, in which Canada s dressed
In deep green, suggestive OF fields and forests with
verdure Clad while the United States are ex-
hbited in splash OF mud-brOwn, statisticay
typical OF the ard, sterile character OF the soil and
OF the vast amount OF desert included in pos
sessions, are placed within easy reach of the IN
tending emigrants along with the information
that 1.-THE United States having reached the West
ern limits OF arabic lands, immigration, an agency
so efficient in their increase In wealth and popua-
lon must now turn more towards Canada" The
1act that the natural increase OF the American
per cent while in Canada 1t 10 more than twenty
two per cent, is also well advertised to the
Europeans. beside the assertion that ''Maine and
New Hampshire have diminished in population
and the whole OF New England Is nearly at stand
still.''
Coupled with the assumption that the flood of
emigration is about to overflow the Dominion and
leave the Union high and dry with nOn-multipy-
ING population, find that the Canadian govern
ment chews the following sweet morsel OF pleas
ing intelligence
The Bureau of Statistics Washington values every
hs sws 81 me s tns n MSS'n 5 ro aaa &
WSs srs ssn % 81 as St s 10 s
res estate ss % me n S,e Se s .ne
The money and ma. ria brought by the Immigrants the
Borrowed by states companies &c. make, BY careful
computation, another eight thousand millions and more,
the Republic sinee lss anu "'u'' ~
To turn this stream OF wealth from its accus-
toned channels to the virgin regions OF the newer
country one may wel imagine is the longing OF
Canadian statesmen
COMMENDABLE ENTERPRISE.
Hence it Is that some ten thousand miles Of new rail-
way communication are authorized To be added to
the nearly lOur thousand now in operation. Hence
natural waterways OF the country by the finest sys
TEN OF ship canals the world has ever seen, to
tratlng inland to the very heart OF the Continent.
The lesson taught by the States has seen learned
by the Canadians, that the emlgrant population
Will lead; but the day has gone by when pioneers
locate Westward and patiently await the arrival
mills she ne with the parchsnr wor
The most of the railroad lines to be built will be
completed In from five to ten years ana then the
provinces OF Quebec and Ontario Will be as
lhickly gridlrOned as are New York and Pennsyl-
vania to-day, while lines VIII be constructed all
along the northern borders OF Huron and Superior,
to serve AS feeders or the great trunk line TO the
Pacific.
THE ROUTE OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC ROAD.
The legally ordained starting point OF the
Canadian Pacific Railroad is from the south shore
OF lake Nipssng, winch lies In longitude 80
degrees west from Greenwich and between the
Iorty-slXtn and lorty seventh parallels 0l north lat
tude. lhe probable terminus westward VIII be at
point on Butte Inlet, on the Gulf OF Georgia,
the port o! victoria. Az Lake Nlpisslng the
line will connect with the present Canadian sys-
TEN OF railways, and Its proposed extensions to
Gaspc Bay and Shppegan on the Gul OF st.
Lawrence, and perhaps across the island OF New
ioundand, so as TO insure an all ran conmunlca-
ton from the Pacific port TO the Atlantic seabOard,
ut point wItnn a lour OF i've days sail OF the
irish coast
north OF superior. thence n0rthwesterly TO Mani
toba, touching Fort Garry at about The hItieth
parallel; thence northwesterly through the Sas-
nfab.. Aa1l tVtn prtft txh nntl hn
Yellow Head Pass; thence 10 the Tete Jaune Cache,
longitude l2O degrees latitude SO degrees ana
finally across the Chllcotn country, via North
fraser River ana Forts George and Chicotin to
Butte Inlet or whatever terminus later surveys
may disclose TO be most advantageous.
lne highest elevation to which the Oad will have
to be carried ~ over the Fellow Head Pass, winch
IS 3,760 feet above the sea level The Union Pacnc
traverses the Rocky Mountains (Brdgers Pass
ut an altitude OF 1884 feet, and surmounts Sher-
man Summit, BLACK Hills, which Is S,Z42 ieet high,
while the Central Pacific rises from 1000 to 7,00u
ieet in lts passage over the Sierra Nevada. The
natural inquiry whether the advantages oi cOmpar-
atively easy gradients are not Offset by the in
creased rigors OF a long winter along the new path
OF the locomotive is fully anticipated and answered
in Mr.. Alfred Waddlngton's report upon the practi
cability OF an extreme northern route between the
oceans. lie says:-"As u general rule, the snow In
Canada is easily removed by the snow -pi0ughs,
which used bOth there and In the Eastern states
and the trains run regularly all Winter, with the
exception OF an occasional snow storm. But as we
get lurther into the interior the thickness O snow
continues 10 diminish with the decrease OF atmos-
pheric moisture, till, In the plain OF the Saskatch-
evan, IL does not pack over fourteen inches thick
aud then evaporates quickly; and even In the
Yellow Head Pass, IN the Rocky Mountains, IL
barely attains from two To three ieet In addition
TO these iacts the Isothermal lines which run III a
west-n0rthwest course across the Continent show
an increase IN the mean temperature on the IA :
cIc coast equal to fully eleven degrees OF latitude
as compared with ihe Atlantic while the range
OF the thermometer becomes less and the Winter
ana summer temperatures more equable. thus the
mean annual temperature at Cumberland House,
in latitude "a degrees, longitude 1Ol degrees 40
minutes, Is Ony one degree lower tnau that or
Toronto, ten degrees more TO the sOutn, but also
lorty.two degrees more to the east; and in VIC
torla, Vancouver Island, where snow rarely falls,
and the arbutus grows IN the open air
To the size OF tree, the climate closely resembles
that OF Nantes or La Rochelle, France. IN short,
if the trains run all winter IN Canada, they could
do IL JOrtiO1r across the western portion OF the
Continent" Concerning the fitness o the country
for settlement, the same observer reports that
from ottawa TO Npigon River, It5 miles, there IS
a very desirable PLAN and ''clayey level" 1he
next 235 miles, between the NpIgon and Winnipeg
rivers, is composed partly OF sliurlan rocks anu
comparatively sterile, although lnterpersed with
cu!Jlvable tracts OF great fertility. Further west
Is the fertile belt, stretching away nOrthwestcry
Tor Il thousand miles, and which has become known
as paradise OF fertility" 1t Is remarked tnat
'Its climate more suitable to the emlgrans from
Northern Europe than tnat south OF Missouri
River where Summer droughts are common, to-
gether witn excessive Wlutef colds and Winter
SHOWS. In British Columbia there exists o large
tract OF fine country along the Upper Fraser; and
further west the proposed line traverses the great
Chilcotin or central plain oil the province, luXu-
RANT garden, full OF agricultural and pastural
wealth. ana containing over twenty milnons OF
acres, two-thirds OF which fit cultivation"
From all this 1t appears that there no
engine difficulties TO speak OF along the sur
vcys made, and tnat the general character OIL the
country will invite settlers throughout nearly the
whole width OIL the Continent. Moreover, coal eX-
lists IN abundance AT Butte Inlet and at Halifax, 20
that the eastern and western termni OF the
route will each afford the best facilities Tor the
steam marine. There is no coal ear San Francisco.
II the natural advantages OF the Canadian route
prove TO be superior to those OF our own trans
continental highways the world at large VIII soon
fnd it out. IL would really seem as II obstruction
from SHOWS was less to be feared via the yellow
Head Pass over the hOCny Mountains than
through Brldgcr's Pass ana over the Sierras. The
Canadian eng neers do not estimate Tor snow
sheds even at the greatest elevations cf their
route, while IL IL well known that these protec-
tions against the action oI the avalanches are
necessary at points on central Pacinc.
TINE AND DISTANCE TO BE SAVED
As the shortest sailing Circe across the Atlantic
is from Liverpool 10 quebec VIA the STRAITS OF Belle
Isle, 2,5O2 miles, SO the shortest locomotive cut
across the continent s by nearly the same parallel