New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-08-25
making An independent determination of that longitude
Bress-Paris (ssml:

showing difference OF only oOe seconds, which is to
equally distributed between the ssveps line
made in 1ses within 0ol second the same as above
seconds less than the value now found. 1t is singular
combination Of circumstances which led to the eorrec-
ton Of s Longitude SS ass o%o pscpa
For the longitude Harvard Greenwich we have now
three independent results obtained In different years
in 1870 the two cables Joined at st. Pierre and the
signals EXCHANGED directly between Bres Duxhury
Pierre whence the signals sent via Sydney and the
Provinces to Cambridge. The results
oBssRv.roR1
1873 Il !: 4 s siSs is7s.1 ! s@s9
The eose agreement Of these re.n. indicates very
near approximations the truth, and this fundamental
longitude may be considered settled Adding 70
the above value the difference in time between Tue
Washington and Harvard observatories. % minutes
l2.I2 seconds, get for Washington 5h. Sm. Rias
CONCERNING HYAL0SEmA-BY DIR. SAMUEL LOCKWOOD.
Tue recent deep dredgpgs have done much To-
ward clearing up the Singuarly anomalous history OF
the japanese glassrope sponge. Prof Lockwood now
ever thought that either from napprecation or other
wise the knowledge thus obtained has not been applied
TO the calculation Of certain mooted points connecleu
with Hyalonema With regard TO the mlsase ~ tht
the led off by the japanese themselves dno
Objects as attached TO the bottom by the sponge
mass thus making the fascice to DE erect anu uPper
most Obtained by the net or some suon means Ho OLE
the bottoms at great Depths it supposaoe that the
fishermen at Enoserna were entirely Ignorant OF the
! matter Their theory, however, as represented ny
| the native artists has wrongly represented the
Hyalonema. These ropes attached 10 tIe spun sio
| or upper portion encrusted with parasites, after
removing portions Of the encrnstng case Iron n
that POlython owed anything for food 10 tne oDeoe
which had ven noDS 9ca FOR pSrpose Of s
Prof. Lockwood thinks that 1t draws sustenahoe Ho
the fishing process OF its radiat1g tenaces: .oo. Tn
his view the zoophyte what we must call compensal
could not exist without that sort OF Suppora Ho rom
Hyalonema which the oak affords the VIne, anu
HyalOnem9, too, IL coInpensal Tor now i0ns "Oul'
it endure without the support OF P3lython Inc sem
without this support would not DO apie " , U com
stem erect Other varieties are supported py stes c9
sting of sheaves OF short spcues oSuno xnnnrps
| PoIythoa He combatted the view that Hyalonema was
rroundne the tenn could not so live could not
use lis tentaces obtain food, ana that the position
OF the eggcases OF the deepsea SHARK tne Quest oS
being attached and the most recent AT tne pUO, ~;
Sustaining this view some account was tneh gwen ~ W
essayist spoke of the deep-sea sharks on setuDol.
making that place their feedns ground because OF this
facility afforded them to secure THESE egg cases W 'nc
| abundance OF tue HyaonemaS there
THE ARCTIC REGIoNs-BY PROF. WI. W. wnEnDos
| Mr. Wheildon's paper on the general phenomena
of the Arctic regions considered in reference to the at
mospherc theory of ameorated climate and an open
poar sea- subject which he has presented in no former
papers He spoke of the geography Of the region and
tho creat watersheds in the Arctic Ocean in both
n,ning Ave or Six of the longest rivers in the world
dTaining region of 100000 100000 of square miles
Tn rfference 10 the Arctic Ocean, MIR WhedOn contro
verted the made by the late Prof Rogers of
Fdpburgn IN his ply seal atlas, OF cOnvergDg aud
tatng ocean and discussed the somewhat confused
question of outlets defined by that gentleman, and
also his views with regard to the movements OF che
waters of the Gulf Stream. Capt Barrow considers the
Polar sea as defined by circle In the latitude o; 1O' OF
So0 Geographical miles In diameter and 1900 miles
circumference II to have been supposed that
because surrounds the position OF the the0retc pole II
must necessarily revove around imaginary object
lxUhip a
of them speaks OF It as pivot or point OF the
axis on which globe OF the earth turns An Ameri
can not long since declared that Capt Hall would set
his foot upon the pole ltself'
cussed and the great Polar from the Siberian
rivers toward SpitZbergeD and Greenland described.
This great current appears TO run southwest loaded
with ice and drfwOOd nearly or quite in the track OF
what is assumed TO be pI0longatlon or the CUR
stream SO that the Gulf Stream theory these
streams must other. The latest intelligence
furnished by Dr. Peerman locates the polar current far
to and nearly the middle OF the Spitzbergen
Sea The surveys and explorations OF Admiral John
Rogers referred to and quoted against the idea OF
! simply rotating current around the pole.
The subject of outlets aud nets as defined by Prof.
Rogers and others, next considered Prof Rogers
speaks of Behring Straits as one OF the really but Two
inIes" but regards null account of its shall
lowness; and subsequently, in the paper makes 1t
TO enforce the Gulf stream, neither of which, the
speaker believes reach the Arctic Ocean at all Capt
Keretts views Of the current in Behring Straits
! quoted those OF Admiral Rogers.
The several temperatures OF the Arctic Ocean and the
Poles of cold are considered OF the remarkable facts
that the position OF the poles OF cold is nearly in
the central latitude of the great ice belt which surrounds
the polar sea- and the inference Is that there 10 mder
temporal north we'll as south OF it, fact confirmed
| by all explorers, and recently by Capt. Hall and
frozen ice blink Of the most constant Arctic phe
nomena it is believed only be explained the
! mospherc theory Capt Rogers said he was satisfied no
man could explain the phenomena as he had seen 1t
| sent light on the subject. Capt. Beechey, Ne
! ClintOck, DR.. Kane and others are quoted
the icebarrier next considered. 1t has been
rated at all points, and no gateway as claimed has ever
been found through IT, II the Gulf Stream keeps An
uas theory reasonable. The general climate OF
AdTce as 10 m character furnished Capt Parry found
fresh water ponds the ice north Of the latitude OF the
poles of cold Capt Hall and Capt Tyson describe the
climate as mild beyond their expectations, shown by
the absence of and ice and rising thermometer
Auimal life abundant and Is 80 In the Arctic
gons on the mountain ranges OF Sptzbergen Greenland
| Jan Mayen, Kennedy Channel. and probably on more
tabshed facts Which appear TO authorize the belief that
there is beyond icebarrier climate equally mild
snow line IN the Arctic regions is in the valleys and
tends less distance up the sides of the
tans while the tops often bare aud comparatively
free and subject TO frequent falls OF rain The
deer and other animals find their feeding grounds above
the snowne and there Is abundant evidence that they
remain there through the Winter. Capt Mcclure in his
famous passage around the North American Continent
saws the hares and ptarmagin descended from the
high ground the ridges, that supply of
was Kept up during the Winter" Record is made Of
great yarableness or climate generally the Arctic
regions, beyond the ice belt 1t may be nearly as
equable as in the zones as under tne tropics
are only Summer and Winter" Tie intelli-
gence from the Arctic regions confirms. have sad
The suggestion OF ameliorated climate beyond the
most northery latitude yet reached Capt Halls last
written records latitude 80 3d. "We ind this
much warmer country than expected We have found
the country abounds with live seals game geese ducks
musk oxen, rabbits, wolves foxes bears, partridges
| Jennings DC.
THE Co-EFFICIENT OF SAFETY IN SAyIGATIos-AN AT
TEMPT TO ASCERTAIN WITHIN WHAT LIMITS SHIP
CAN BE LOCATED AT SEA BIT ASTRONOMICAL oBsER-
vATIoSs-BY PROF. ROGERS.
This was an attempt to ascertain mathematically the
average number of miles that ship may out OF her
reckoning. 1t paper of length. indicating long
and careful research IL stated that the case Of Brit
a. al i,nrn