, 1873-06-23

agod Tor years by contonding nrmios1 Jet Its
vnluo Of far1ns has incrossod from $3.50. 900, 900
to $500, 100000, Its valuo Of farm: Implements
from eight to aftoen millions It's value Of
slaughtered animals from nino to twonty-throo
millionH; ita product Of wlloat from to four
teon millions. Not only lnve all tho 1ossoe caused
by war or the change in tho syasom Of labor boon
recovered, but tho incroaBo In valuo md produce
tton Inns boon groator than most OF tho gtatos
not subjected to such loBscs can boast. II a
similar revival Of industry has not followed
peaoo In all the sonthorn States, tho CAUSE can
not DO those lossos In which Missouri fully
sharod. Indood, war does not deprive land Of
fertility; on the contrary, the farmer returning
from tho fold finds Ills land only tho more
fcrtile for its years OF reat. II buildings,
atock, and implements havo boon destroyed,
Industry will restore them, and place tho farm
In condition to produce moro than over. Hence
1t Is that tho eRocta Of Wat llaYo boon alight In
state' most nubjcctol to It's ravagou, whilo agri-
CULTURE haasut1orod incompnrably more In States
Scarcely reached by any hostile forco.
1t ia truo, political causes and especially tho
work Of those who havo intrenohod themselves
In tho power to rob Southern statos by foator-
Ing i1l-fooling botwoon whites and blacks hayo
done moro than all national taxation to TO-
tard industry In certain OF thoso Statos.
But, II agriculture elsewhere has been prosper
ous, II tia ability OF tho people to consume It's
products has not decreased. why has not any
deficiency Of production thus occasionod been
compensated by creator inoreaso elsewhere
Tho negroes boing froo, and having littlo con-
coption Of economy, consume far moro Of food,
evon It thoy produce loaa. than they did whom
Blaves. The deficiency Of tho South in aRrioul-
tural products. other than her great staples, hns
increased tho donaand for corn and wheat from
tho North is groator than 1t was before tho war;
Why has not TINT demand boon met by such in
crease at production Ut tho North as to cause tho
aggregate production to keep pace with popu-
1ation7 II, with this groatly-inoreaaed domand
to supply Southern deaciencios and with thou
sands Of migrating farmers mud 1aborers from
tho South competing for tho possession Of land
well located, tho value OF Northern farms has not
80 increased as to compensate for loss at tho
South, must It not DO for tho reason that tho
aggregate consumption has been checked, and
tho cost OF transportation and tho coat Of pro-
duotion increased?
Yet the Northern statos, separately consid-
ered, have gained only Q por cont in product Of
corn and 4 por cent In tobacco, and havo lost "a
por cont in ryo, A per cent in buokwheas, and
largely In choeHo. Meanwhile. tho increaBe in
other crops has been groat, and yot not as great
as it WAS during the preceding decade. II NO
take tho crop Of wheat for 1860 alouo, IT is truo,
wo find nn increase In Northern States Of 93 per
cont, but this waa IN extraordinary crop,
100000 bushels larger than that Of
1870 or that Of 1871. Tho latter shows
an incroaso since 1860 Of 89,784, ,0sB
bushels In oil formerly non~a]avoholdng
States and TerritorioB. or 81 per cont against 10
per cent In the decade ending in 1859-and Of
this increaso tho grontor part Ia due to the do
floienoy at the South aud the migration OF 1abor,
So the crop of oats was 2o000,0 900 larger In 1869
than in 1871, and shows an increase of OF per
cent during the decade in tho product of
Northern States. Tho large crop of hay in 1869
was 48 por cont creator than that of 1860 In
Northern States, but tho crop OF 1871, 100000
ona amaller, in tho Northern States cxcood~
cd that Of 1859 only s,255,1 ,1s1 tons, or 10 por
cont,-the increase In tho preceding decade
having been 50 por cont.
Those illustrations show that tho separate
comparison Of Northern crops, all confederation
Of increased dolcionoy at tho South and increased
industry ut tho North, resulting from migration,
being omitted, would deceive the inquirer, and,
second, that tho comparison Of crops for partic-
u1ar years is an unreliable test OF the general
prosperity Of agriculture. Rome estimate Of tho
effect of migration may DO formed by taking
the increase Of population, which has boen only
1875 per cent in tho Southern and 28I per cont
in tho Northern, or formerly non~slayehold-
ing, States. Simply to keep pace with their
own growth in population, tho Northern statcs
in agriculture should have increased 28< por
cent, therefore, without allowance for tho Bup-
ply Of deficiency at the South. Now, tho num-
bor OF acres In farms at the North las increased
only 81, 1874 037 or al per oont-lesa than the in
crease of population. The average valuo Of Ill
land in Northern farma (reduced to golD WAS
s2s por aero in 1860, and $25 In 1870. There
has boon, therefore, even in the Northern States
separately considered, no such increase in acro-
age Or Valuo OF farms, compared with tho i'll
oraase in population, as to meot tho groatly-in-
creased lomand arising from deficiency in South
orn production.
Yet, In tho decade preceding, tho increase in
the number Of acres in Nortlorn'farms had beon
43 por cont-much larger than tho increase Of
population. Tho increase in value Of farms had
boon over 100 per cont, three times as great Us
the increase Of population. But one conclusion
ia possiblo-that tho retarded progross Of agr-
culture during tho last decade has boon due, not
to cAuses peculiar to the South, but to sys-
tom OF taxation which inoreasos tho cost Of
production and QimiuieheB tho ability Of tl1A