New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-06-02


furniture of the room The high, box-like bed old
fashioned wooden chairs with small seats and three
long legs bench by the wall and large stove of tiles
in the corner NAV be seen in old farm-hOuses all
over Germany Among the specimens OF domestic
industry were pottery, linen, embroidery Of a de-
cided Turkish fashion, and some household and
farming implements. One Of the joists was hung
with a collection of round caps, of warm brown
color very hight and thin, and made of that variety
Of fungus which grows upon old wood. The sub
stance of the fungus to have been beaten into
a paste and then nodded, without a seam, into the
desired shape These caps said to be very dura-
BILE On the other side of the entering vestbue was
the kitchen, having seen which we had seen the
whole dwelling. The arrangements were very prim-
tive a stone hearth raised about two feet from the
floor with funnel shaped canopy over it to collect
the smoke were all that is required for cooking.
The implements were of the simplest and most ne
cessary kind, and a row of golden ears of Indian
corn called kUkurats in Hungary hung up by the
husks, showed the principal food of the people
Carts, pows and spades were of very rude fashion,
but the plows mad iron shares and double handles
which l took TO be a sure sign of progress.
SAXON HOUSE.
The Saxon house from Pennsylvania stands beside
the Seeker as is appropriate the two peoples being
geographically intermixed. You see the difference
of their blood at in the manner of their lives
The Seeker dwelling squats upon the ground; the
Saxon is raised upon q high basement story, which
serves for cellar and stOrerooms, and the entrance
is reached by double flight of steps The architec-
ture is perfectly plain, but the windows are large
and numerous, the walls are cheerfuy painted, and
along the gable there runs this inscription:
The Emperor holds the sword, the Farmer holds the
pillow;
Who not honor both has not good sense, ItrOw"
The Saxon, you see, boldly calls himself a farmer
Bauer and claims honor for his plow He can well
do without a certain formess transmitted pride in
enjoying the comfort, the material security which
his own hands have created for him. The occupant
of the house is not a superb figure, like the
Seeker; he was rather short but his face, if not
handsome, was strikingly frank and honest, and
the Carpathian suns of centuries had not changed
the blue and blonde tints of his original race.
The hostess was altogether charming fresh,
petite maiden OF IS OF 90 with milk aud roses" IN
her face teeth like grains of white corn, nose
piquantly retrousse, plain gown of dark wooden
stuff auda snowy cloth tied overh her head and under
her chn-this was the picture she made. The guest
room was plainly furnished with the same old-fash-
toned tables, benches and stools as in the Seeker
house, but it was brighter and more cheerful. The
question came INTO my mind, whether the amount
Of light in the dwclnghouses Of a race is not also
measure of Their clealiueSs At the table sat Dr.
chochterus of Hermanusstadt in Transylvania,
who has charge of this part Of the contributions to
the Exhibition. He is the author of an interest
ing monograph called The SaXOn-Transy lvanian
Former which gives history Of this remote Ger
manic colony from the time ofits migration eastward
in the twelfth century to the present day, with an
account of its peculiar customs and social laws. /
should like to quote some of the latter were there
time: but l have not yet described the internal
arrangement OF the house The outer door opens
into a central space which is in reality the Kitchen
The large guest-room is also the bedroom of
the master and mistress and the dining
room of the family; but beyond the kitchen
there is another chamber rather more elegantly fur
nished Here the old father and mother retire after
the eldest son is married, and has taken the formers
place as farmer. The bedstead, table, chest of
drawers and chairs are gaudily painted; there is
picture OF two on the walls, an almanac hangs to
a nail and a little closet serves q sanctuary for
particularly precious relics and heir-loOms. DR..
SchOchterus ordered bottle Of Transylyanian
wine that we might taste the product Of the Car
pathian vineyards. 1t was a delicate yet potent
beverage, resembling some of the Hungarian wines,
but with more fruity flavor. portrait Of Luther
in a frame showed the faith of these Oriental Sax
ons. There are also quite a number Of Unitarian
congregations among the Hungarans in Transyl-
vania and an attempt is now being made to estab-
lish closer correspondence between them and the
UnitaIiaus Of England. In Vienna, the Germans Of
the same faith have formed church, at the head of
which is Pastor Schmela very earnest and forcible
preacher.
ORIENTAL HOUSES.
We next visited a Hungarian farmhouse in
habited by a family from the ueighborhood of Pres
burg 1t was neither entirely finished nor furnished
and the man gave me to understand, in an unmis-
taxable German dialect, that he was a SchUOp Of
an old immigration which has not yet mixed with
the Magyar blood His embroidered jacket and
wide trowsers thrust into the boots did not make
him look in the least Hungarian; but his wife, in
close-ftting, waistless gown Of
dirty-colored wool, was odd and ugly enough for a
Calmuck. However, the people are not yet "on ex
and we may find them quite transformed
a week hence The Walachian house, also unfur-
nished is at present only noticeable for its matched
roof It's next neighbor is a cottage from the Aim,
or high pasture, on the Austrian Alps. It's dimen-
sions show that it is built where trees plenty;
its airy rooms, some Of them without ceilings, that
it is inhabited only in Summer; and its long
bench. with half dozen tables, each meant TO
accommodate three persons that it is the common
home Of many berdsmen and herdswomen. l be-
lieve there is to be a Turkish house, possibly
also Persian and Armenian dwellings; if so, they
will be seen only by those who come much later.
South Of the Egyptian Palace, tue japanese have
secured small plot Of ground, which they have
been busily transforming for some time past into
japanese garden and summeE-house. with bazaar
for the sale of silk and ackered ware at one end Of
it. The work is not yet complete, and the Austrian
guards refused admittancc until persuaded by the
sight of the Japanese Commissioners card The