davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
Correspondence,
For the VERMONT FARMER.
FRUIT CULTURE.
VOL. III.--NO. 8.

am reading with interest Mr.. Pringlc's
papers on fruit culture in the valley of Lake
Champlain, and as l notice his wide range
of observation on the different locations of
Vermont and Canada, am disposed to put
in few inquiries which perhaps he may
answer in the sequel before this reaches your
columns. Here in Maine we have much the
same to encounter that they have in the
northern and high mountain towns in YER
mont. Our lakes in northern Maine are
small and do not affect the climate very
much on their shores, though they do some !;
but we have another difficulty here which l
cannot well explain, and that is, our river
lands including the warm loamy terraces
adjoining, will not allow the common En-
glish apple to ever come to bearing condi-
tion. should feel safe in saying that on
these lands not one tree in thousand of ma.
tive seedlings would ever bear an apple.
Why the open benches of warm sandy loan,
so good for corn and the most tender vines
should prove so, l can not explain but know
as we 90 further down the St. John to Freder-
ickton, we fud good fruit on the intervales.
But 100 miles south of here in Bangor, on the
penobscotr river, valuable farms on clay fats are
in the same condition. | have seen these
open terraces tried for apples where they
were quite rocky, but all with uniform
failure. have seen them 20 to the expense Of
digging large holes and putting IN rocks
for 100 trees, anl still the result was
the same. We have lately found out that
all these river towns and clay flats can bear
apples aud some very good ones, by taking
Siberian hybrids. feel sure myself that
all the clay fats in Canada can in that way
be supplied.
Now what | wish TO know is how the clay
flats and sandy terraces prove in the valley
of Lake Champlain, and on the borders of
streams such as Onion River and the La
moille. have a word more Of inquiry re-
specting the
lockwood Apple.
Which a friend tells me originated 80 years
ago, in Belgrade, in this state. What are
its qualities for keeping, and FOR enduring
the cold ATTITUDES? OF
The New Brunswick"r
| wish to make correction in the COM
mon opinion nov current. 1t is not the
same as the Duchess Of Oldenburgh. 1t
was produced near here, in New Brunswick,
is about month later keeping than the
Duchess, and Is in some other respects bet =
ter apple, but not quite so sure and prolific
q bearer. NJ, r. KEEP.
Dalton, ArOosto0k Co., Ne.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
horticulture.
For the VERMONT FARMER
THE JOURNAL OF INGLESIDE.
ny HoRTENsIUs.
The journal.

The journal.
Always at hand on my writing table lies
volume bound in red and gold. In this
book are recorded throughout the year what
ever experiences and observations of mine
in horticulture and agriculture most deeply
interest me. Here are results of some prac.
ticaf experiments in these pursuits, of some
new facts gained in their science, and of new
methods devised or pursued in their practice.
Here enter particular reports from orchards
and garden, and the stories of their fruits
and flowers. think the pippins and the
roses would blush and the lilies hang their
heads coyly, could they read all my book
tells Of their likes aud ways Here atSo,
are some secrets learned from delightful inti-
macy with nature, when through her woods
aud fields in all of her out-of-the way places
| have tried to pry into her hidden ways !;
and here, finally, are treasured the accounts
of some curious transformations which the
plants of my gardens sometimes undergo
when, at the magic touch Of my brerelle, like
does not produce like, but new forms arise
and are moulded at the will of the operator.
May hope you would be pleased to have
me trauscribe for you from my journal some
Of these things, my dear FARMER?
IngIcsIde Farm
is common enough place. | am apprehen-
sive you viii be disappointed when you see
it. l only give it this name for purpose of
distinction. Ten years ago it was an old
fashioned farm just like thousand others in
this valley of lake Champlan, and no more
interesting to you or to me than any other of
them. But a change is coming over Ingc-
side, and visitors come to see it, old fence
lines and old landmarks disappear, and a re-
arrangement according to present wants aud
some modern ideas goes on. Fields are
cleared Of stones and heavy walls are built
to bound them; drains arc laid, and water.
courses established within fixed bounds
AHO'S ohu V'hSi Improvements arc CdIIteu
out as fast as the strength and means of its
superintendent will allow. The situation of
lnglesdc farm is a very good one, gently
sloping down from a summit which looks of
upon the lake, its left wing stretches over a
watershed in long reach Of rich pasture,
and its right falls away across little valley
Of meadow land. Its capabilities are great,
and much hard work is required fully to de-
velop them.
But the chief feature of Ingleside is its
orchards and horticultural grounds. Here
are on trial some experiments in fruit cul.
turc, and many varieties OF new fruits aud
new plants are being tested with reference
to their adaptation for general culture in this
region.
And now, again, dear FARMER, would it
interest you to hear from this farm for a
year, while this work progresses shall Hor.
tensi'ts endeavor to tell you something of the
process Of re.modcling an old Vermont farm
and of bringing it into high condition Of
culture; something of his trials and achieve
ments in orcharding, and of his perplexites
and delights in gardening?
tcontmued nsTi uctkl
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

but let the cattle have the run until they
can do better elsewhere. To be sure, your
trees will be subjected to more or less mu-
tilauon, as the horns Of cattle are very apt
to become entangled in the branches Of small
trees. Mover use fertilizers about your
trees, for fear worms may work in the soil
and trouble the roots, and your trees decay.
Follow precisely the above described proc
ess, | know of many that have tried il and
then complain that the climate of our coun-
try has gone through with q serious transfor-
nation since our forelathers' day. and that it
is utterly impossible to raise fruit in these
latter days,) and il the secret Of failure is
made to appear PLAIN, then let there be a
reformation wrought within you, aud reverse
the process, and in very few years | will
warrant you luxury in the finest fruit, of
your own raising. Do not be afraid of
making an effort for fear you may not live
to enjoy the fruit of your own labor, and
that others may enter into it after you are
gone. have my mind on some who it
would seem would meet death with degree
of terror or dissatisfaction, for fea, they had
done something that had not benefited them
ten fold, and others should reap where they
had sown. While such men are plenty, yet
the world might spare few of them and
still move on in its wonted progress. The
dollar is all the god they know, and if they
were to hold five cent piece between them
selves and the moon, they would never see
the moon These are lamcntable facts. But
before | close let me assure you now and
forever that until you are willing to make
little sacrifice, and put forth an earnest ef-
fort, making the cultivation Of fruit thor
ough you will never succeed in raising fruit
for profit or your own qualification. Re-
member we do not live in Adams day; it
we did perhaps we might expect spontaneous
growth in abundance. But while we are to
earn our bread by the sweat of the brow,
what matters it if, by physical labor, per-
spiration be effected by earnest effort and
thorough management in the horticultural
department. One thought more, by no
means least of all. In selecting trees, seek
not, as Of the utmost importance, a great va
riety, but few of the choicest kinds known
to be hardy and prolific, c,-those adapted to
the climate where you are. In recommend.
ing fruit raising in our state | wish to be
distinctly understood that / refer more par
ticularly to apples, as | could not recommend
the cultivation of other fruits to much ex-
tent. \ few pears may be grown, if hardy
varieties, in some localities, to moderate
success, through northern Vermont, but not
so successfully as IN the southern portion OF
the State A little effort even in this direc-
tion in northern or northeastern Vermont
will not harm any of our farmers, and the
satisfaction of raising few pears will amply
pay any one interested, though there may be
no money in it, Industry is honorable, and
without it who can expect to thrive?
Berlin. Jan. |. Il. +. A.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
RECIPES.
NIinceneat,

Two pounds of rasins, three pounds of dry
currants, one and half pounds good lean
beef, three pounds of beef suet, two pounds
OF moist sugar, four ounces Of citron,
one grated nutmeg, one quart sweet apple,
tho grated rind of two lemons, the juice Of
one and half pint Of best French brandy.
Stone the raisins, and cut them once or twice
across wash, dry and pick tie currants
boil the beef till tender, minco it very fine
skin, string and chop the suet slice the cit
ron pare, core, and mince the apples, and
when all the ingredients are ready stir them
with wooden paddle in wooden vessel till
thoroughly mixed add the brandy, and
pack all closely in jars, covered air-tigbt till
used.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
"ARE THE IMPLEMENTS SECURE ?"

The harvest is past, and the above cap
tion is pertinent and in order. The census
of 1870 placed the cash value of farming im-
plements at the sum of 1886, ,S7S.420. A
large part of this sum belongs to the account
of harvesting machinery, which is in use on.
ly about one month out ofthe twelve. That
sun, wind and rain, are more destructive to
all classes of implements than actual use,
needs no verifcation 1t is therefore in the
interest Of economy, that machinery of every
description should be properly housed and
cared for Immediately on its disuse for the
season. Economy and thrift bid you build
sheds, aud after they are built to see that
your impliments are housed therein, Man.
ufacturers, commission dealers, agents and
runners, are Indifferent their profits arise
from carelessnCss Of their patrons.-El.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
ST. JOHNSBURY FRIDAY, JANUARY "a, 1873

butter made in winter Is il not because
there is moro oil in summer and less hard
tastclcss fat? 1t is not exactly known what
gives butter its peculiar favor. We suspect
the flavor is impaired by some quality in the
oil, and that where we diminish the quantity
Of oil and increase the quantity of hard fat,
we weaken the flavor and make the butter in
sipid. We would like to see some expert.
ments tried to decide this point. If we are
right, the butter from a COW noted for tho
high flavor of the butter, will contain lar
ger proportion of oil than the butter from
COW whose product is comparatively tasteless.
Utica Herald.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
HOW CLOVER IMPROVES THE
SOIL.

Prof Noelcker thus explains the action Of
clover in increasing The fertility of soils :
"All who are practically acquainted with the
subject must have seen that the best crops of
wheat are produced by being preceded by
crops ofclover grown for seed. have come
to the conclusion that the very best prcpara-
ton, the very best manure, is a good crop of
clover. A vast amount of min
eral manure is brought within reach OF the
grain crop, which otherwise would remain in
a locked-up condition in the soil. The clover
plants take nitrogen from the atmosphere,
and manufacture it Into their own substance,
which, on decomposition of the clover roots
and leaves, produces abundance of ammonia
In reality, the growing Of clover is equivo-
lent, to great extent, to manuring with Pc
ruvian guano and in this paper of mine
show that you obtain larger quantity of
manure than in the largest dose of Peruvian
guano which farmer would ever think of
applying. 1t is only by care.
fully investigating subjects like the one uu.
der consideration that positive proofs are
given, showing the correctness of intelligent
observers in the field"
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
Stock Raisin9.
THE VALUE OF COLOR.

\ correspondent writing from Fort Dodge,
Iowa, asks whether there is any reason but
mere fancy for refusing premium to Berk-
shire all black or to an Essex with white on
him, on account of these variations from the
prevailing colors Of the respective breeds
That is, two hogs Of equal individual merit
were shown as Berkshires in competition, and
the judges awarded the premium to the one
having white on his feet aud face in prefer.
ence to the one having no white on him, and
gave as a reason for determining their choice
that the hog with white on the feet and face
was the better specimen Of the breed In
our opinion their decision was correct, and
the reason satisfactory.
\ Berkshire, pure bred, we doubt rot, may
be entirely black, and so an Essex may be
parti.colored, but they are not expected to
be SO, and are Objectionable, because they are
to that extent departures from the breeds as
established in the hands of the best breeders.
In truth such departure is ordinarily sufli-
eient to cast q suspicion upon the purity of
their breeding, at least so far as to cause
them to be rejected as breeding stock by
those who desire TO meet public taste and
judgment
In like manner a spotted Chester White, a
pure black or pure white Poland. China, a
spotted Devon, or black or even black. k.nosed
Shorthorn, would find little favor with any
discriminating breeders of the present day.
II presented as representatives of the breeds,
any proper standard would reject them, with
out regard to their individual merits or 9th.
er defects.
Devon cattle have been bred so long in
their purity without admixture, that they have
almost the fxity Of characteristics found in n
natural race. Under similar conditions they
will reproduce themselves from generation to
generation with almost the certainty Of same
ness which is expected in a herd of deer.
1t is more than probable that others of our
improved breeds will, IN course of time, ar
rive at the same point The Essex and
Berkshire aud Suffolk hogs are almost, if not
quite there now 50, also, are several breeds
Of sheep and chickens If there is any BEN
eft to be derived from the preservation of
distinct breeds in their purity, all departures
which are manilestly such from the accepted
characteristics of each should be marked
with disfavor by awarding committees, as
they will always be by the practical judgment
of good breeders. In the process of estab-
fishing a breed there must be some model
persistently aimed at by the breeder, and
that model should be as little subject to
change as possible, and hence it is important
to suppress every "spot' out Of the general
line Of advance to that ideal of perfection
In most breeds Of domestic animals color
is important because u variation in that il
most readily observed, and because it is
among the most difficult to establish 10 a
breed made up from original elements greatly
varying in respect to color In such cases it
is one Of the best, if not the very best, indi.
cations Of thorough breeding.-Prairif
Farmer.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

Paschal Morris, Of the Practical Farm
er, says ave sat in car recently by a
gentleman from Milwaukee, who told us that
since the establishment of iron works there,
land had gone up from $50 to $500 per
acre. Their farmers, instead of sending
their grain to Europe, found a market for it
at homeland much better than that, they
had sale in their vicinity for potatoes small
fruits, vegetables, &C., which they could not
send to England at all These results fol-
low from the same causes everywhere,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

People talk of hard times, and well they
may, We are fast becoming a nation Of
schemcrs to live without genuine work. Oar
sons are crowding into cities looking for
clerkships hardly one American girl in each
one hundred will do house-work for wages,
however urgent the need. So we are send
ing to Europe for workingmen and buying
Of her artisans millions worth of product
that we ought to make for ourselves. These
things fall upon us like leadon pail which
we have not the courage and strength to up.
lift We may try to scare them, but they
will not scare we may try to drive, but they
will not drive. We may try to coax but
they will not coax. What, then, shall be
done? How are we to live without work,
and dress and enjoy ourselves at the rate of
$4,000 year on an Income of 81, 800?
This is one of the conundrums which, as
Sothern would say, sis hard for fellow to
find QUIT. d. Curtis.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

One cup of butter, two cups sugar, one
cup OF molasses, one cup coffee, one pound
chopped raisins, three eggs, dessert spoon.
iul OF each kind Of spice, one nutmeg, tea.
spoonful Of saleratus, Add -four enough to
make it little sitter than pound cake.
This cake will keep a long time. A little
citron in very thin slices through the cake
improves it, aud currants may be substituted
for part of the rasins.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
1T ALL FALLS ON THE FARMER

| am glad to see that you are calling on
the farmers of the west to organize, says W.
Is, F., in the Prairie Farmer so as to be a
match for spectators and monopolists, II
they don't take your advice they will be
crushed. Oats at IA cts, and corn at Is
cts. per bushel, is no living price for farm.
er to sell his grain at. A farmer cannot
sell grain at these prices, and pay 30 per
cent. to 100 per cent. tariff on his plows,
nails, clothing, boots and shoes, etc.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

cient river beds, where it was supposed water
would never flow again. Now there is a
running stream so large as to require bridg-
ing. IL has also been observed that the
water of Great Salt Lake is seven feet high
er than ten years ago, and is constantly ris-
ing. Many other places in the same region
might be cited where similar effects have
been produced in greater or less degree.
1t is highly probable that at some future
time large portion of that immense territory
sometimes termed the "Great American
Desert " may be changed to fertility and
made capable Of alimentation for the benefit
of millions yet unborn.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

In buying inrs blow against the set of
the fur, aud if the fibre opens easily and
shows the skin, don't buy; but if the down
next to the skin is so dense that the current
OF breath doesn't penetrate it 50 as to reveal
much of the skin, the article is good. So
says protessed expert.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

When, in l776, Mr. Coke succeeded to the
great estate ofthe Leicester family at Holkham
in Norfolk, he found one part of it a blowing
sand another sharp finty gravel, and no
part Of the soil was superior. On these
strata, aided by skill, capital and enterprise,
there now exists one OF the most fertile rs.
tates in England. When an eminent agri.
culturist visited Holkham in 1916, he was
astonished at the exubcrapce Of the crops.
the richness of the soil aud lis freedom from
weeds. Yet so sterile had this portion of
the estate been considered that a large tract
had been let titho free, at three shilIiugs an
acre, and Mr.. Coke offered another lease Of
twenty-one years at five shilliugs an acre,
but thc tenant had not the courage to take
it, Yet Mr.. Coke made it yield double the
average crop of the best land in the county,
and nearly treble that Of many counties
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
WHOLE NO. 112.
RaOtes department.

Ne particularly desire contributions 10 this column
upon dH SUBJECTS interesting 10 our lady readers.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

A Georgia girl not yet twenty is credited
with having raised large family, The
family was her mother-ln-law's. and the way
she did it was with a kog of gunpowder
planted in the cellar.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24

For the NERMoN1 FARMER.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-01-24
'PILINe FOUR ACRES ON ONE"

(CoRoipded nert wesk)
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1873-06-24

ben @elegenbeiten nnb @Gueen beS 6aue
les 10 6efaRnt mar Die NIT ben 2taielt
@Ieiner 0ano, idritt fiber aus, Der W8on9
itolperte hiateroreiu.
u6alit ni0t", parltte ser 0icner, res
fleet ltu8lU6 II Ser 2uft."
Sch bD6 feiu Barr. Ser 8allAe
bets Sub augetban. Gr bat etne1 bQlen
Stid, ober Iebt quer, ipelil er ait CHG
1d1alit, 6ann f0aoet CT Gid nt6t9."
@r iii nidjt u~n1ionlt g%efommen, urz
pl6sIidJ, !pie Ser Bl;B BEL Reiterem Sim
mel in eiu 0ou5 i0lG8t. 9a3 pat lp05
su bebelJten.
,@it0 b6not man ni0t, geootter, Gu0
nidti cant es rltbig bliBen unb qe6t
o~runter tped. limb mas Die 6erreu an
betrtfft- 6aGS 1T sails un0 Seber hat
nur eireu; Jorge barua Seoer fit Ben
leinen.M
Darii6er bate ser Mlte Die E6Ir Ieines
@enlades erfet0t, feffcE lie nno DteB
6en M0lt6 eintrete1weBer Slid fpur 9e5
Dedt, cine Hattpe bralute bdrolif nn0 be-
J 1dten berlodeao Die Spei1en unD bic
SLalden, Seller uno Slider.
y@rit Das @lien," Ia8te WorceGlts rno
l~iTtete ben Strif, peann Sic 8olitif."
uno ME i'm @rb9e19oB, 10 peritummte
aud I'M Spetleiaal oben auf cine lGngere
Srttt teoes e%rnitere 0eiprd6, bier pie
bort tpor Jtt6t5 pernebrlli0, ais 6aS
frobltde &lappern nit Oteiieru unS Oaz
beln, oaS Sltlt9en ber Slider, 6a5 etltge
goufen Der 0iener, pet9e SlaI0en uno
S9ui1eln binaufz un0 Dtnabtru9et.
go mfe beute, etn9 eS i6on etne Stetbe
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tobermnnatS, better nto Derg1ltgIt9 tn
6iefem 6auie Der. Set beln traurtgen
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sen auer e6ten Oeiterrei6er etne nod
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tune, in ieiner berrIi9en Sage 3wilden
BEN 6ei5en Seen, tnt Grau3e ieiner Balb9
berge, faum eine @s6niu6t 1to0 etnent
a1oeren. S0ntmer5 ultb 6er6ito1lfentDaIte
in Der Seele ieine5 8efiber5 bGtte auf-
iteigen laiien foQen, iDieber befu6te.
8i5 od6in par eS getueleu; ais bate
i'm cine grinnerung feru9ebulten. 0enll
bic alten 9iener tDuBten pom Der 8oYe
Ite6e oes 6erren geraDe fir oies S0lo6
10 ptet gu er3dblen, oaB tie ft6 ietne pl0b=
Iide A6netBun5 nt6t anoer5 erfldrer
, foutten, 9lu icnent 5~toetten December
1906 mar dber in bteiem S6toiie Der 8az
ter Oes @'rafer, Anton Wolfsegg, bod
BET So6ren, in Sen 9trnen ieineS So6nes
unb ieiner Sobter, = bret anocre &in6e,
batten bpr t6m oaS 3ettIt6e ee1egllet =
nod f6tperem Sobesfdmpfe Qeit0r5et.
l1nte~ ser 9teneridoft lief Die Gage, DaH
Ser NIte fterbeno auf baS ferne S0ladt:
felb in Wdbre1t, tpo sit 6erielben Stltnbt
Der 6ampf piitbete, inn @eiite entriidi
tporoen lei un0 BEN unbeiIpoaen IltS-
gang bes Cages prop6e5ett babe. Set
4 ienen @ei6t6ten bate Oraf ltIri6 baS
J S6loB gemieOen, nno Der 6ausbertpala
ter, Der ieBt nit benz Bater uro Dem Ia@
bafsberfdufer Ietmer aus &~lagenFurt
rben rntben Itroler" prifte, mar ui6t
tpents e%ritaunt getueIen, ais er i'm Nu9uii
etnen 8rief erbdlten: Q1es bibib LAUDER
in Stonb GIT 1eben fir Teitlt6feiten, Sag:
ben nno Sremoenbeiude.
(SOrriesuug iotgt.)