davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1873-03-09

1ne opefad7es except In the caeo Of weaye,s vhoso
VOTE Ii done In standing position, which tends to
proooce debility. The average length Of life OF the
operatives cannot he determined with any certainty
On account OF the Hansozy character Of the employ
mens IN many cases. Girls Of Is enter the mills,
main from one to four years, and then pass to other
branches OF industry, OF to the duties Of the household
Tho period OF the employment of males Ia often still
Shorter We are gradually becoming whnt the founder
Of Lowell neTer looked for, permanent body Of lac
tory employees, composed partly OF American, but
moro largely Of I1ish md elements,
with Engliah, Scotch, and German blood CON-
mingled.
The wages Of females. clear Of board, wore from
$500 to S9.75 per week, and Of males from 91.20
to 1900 per day. It is stated that about ono
fourth save money and one-fourth get into debt,
tho remainder living up to their earnings. The
prevalent vice Of Lowell is drunkenness, for
which there we're 1904 arrests Inst year. The
report concludes with the statement that, "on
the whole, the condition or the factory employees
Of Lowell will compare favorably with that Of
other classes Of factory operatives anywhere. At
the same time, there is room for improvement
in many ways, especially BY reducing their hours
Of daily toll and BY increasing the facilities for
their intellectual development"
, 1873-03-09

Justice that is requisite preventive Of crime.
But here, too, we may find the first sin in tha
higher c1nsses. a fraudulent bankruptcy works
tenfold greater injury than petty larceny, and
yet it usually goes unpunishcd. An example
like that Of Mum j. Scott, in this city, leaves it's
impress OF evil upon society long after bur
Glar has served ont his sentence in tho poniten-
tiary. {Tho official thievery in New York,
which promises to escape: punishment,
figures moro prominently among the causes Of
crime than the example Of MI tho occupants Of
sing-Sing. But what can be said Of the action
of the highest Legislative body in the country in
,condonine the betrayal of trust Of which some
of their leading members have been guilty?
How many cases Of imprisonment for theft, OF
fines for drunkenness, Of punishment for petty
crimes, can Offset the pernicious influence OF
this single failure to bring to proper Justice the
men Of high standing, ability, and wealth, who
have thus set 4 lasting example Of betraying the
public trust .7ith impunity'?
, 1873-03-09

There is . runor OF prospective removal
TT Federal officer OF this city, and Of the ap-
pointment Of his SUCCESSOR, which is important
only in illustrating one OF the possibilities Of
our Civil Service rs conducted at present. It
suggests tho following hypothetical case: A
relative Of . distinguished Senator and
influential politician in the East desires
q Federal Office commensurate with the claims
Of his relationship. There is no opening at the
East; the lucrative offices having been appropri-
a!ed by gentlemen OF prior claims+ Tho aspirant
with relatives is therefore advised to move to
Western city, where he is given q subordinate
riace in the Post~Ofice or Custona-H House long
enough to establish citizenship. When this
time has elapsed, some ofice-holder who has
ccascd to be useful to the party, or has become
Objectionable on some other account, is removed
aud his place is filed with the rising young man
Of influential relatives from the East. A par
ticular cago Of this kind WAS evidently over
looked in the formation Of the Civil Service
rules, but it is not Of impossible occurrence
even under these rules. There is reason to be-
1iere that such a proceeding has been found
more than once among 1.-THE ways that are dark,
and the tricks that are vain' of far-Bighted poll
ticians- It las the merit Of ingenuity to recon-
mend it to public attention.
, 1873-03-09

A summary Of the Congressional appropria-
tions shows an increase Of about 425, 5,000,0 900
In the public expenditures of the present year
over those Of the last year. The most remarka-
bic items are IN increase Of 81 500 900, owing to
the RIA in Congressional salaries just before
adjournment, extending over two years past.
This was plain robbery. The expenses Of
the War Department show an increase Of
nearly So, ,oo0, ,000- Whether this wns rendered
n 'tla alsas tk R4 ktAa Teton sion4,
Modocs, the public is: loft to guess. The Navy
expenses ara increased nearly 100000, pre-
1umably for the purpose OF maintaining what
competent authority prononnces to be one OF
the most inefficient nayies now in existence.
The expenses Of tho Post-Of6ce Department
ara also to-: be !. s., ,000, 1000 greater, in
spite 8. Of the abolition OF the -frank-
Ing privilege. Tho "sundry Civil Ex-
.penses are enlarged by about 81, ,0o0, 900; the
s'Dehciencies" by about 81, 500 900; and the
"hiscellaneous" by about $4,000, 600. Under
these last three items are ipcudedmost of the pn-
'Fate Jobs and unwar1anted expenses which Con-
61ess did not dare to insert in the regular appro-
pnahona" For the task Of appropriating, 80 much
more money than heretofore, the late industri-
ous and virtuous Congress concluded that it was
ent'tied to an increase Of pay.
, 1873-03-09

The report Of the Massachusetts, Labor Dn-
teeu, to which ne have before referred, is filed
with facts Of remarkable interest. One OF the
most useful contributions ia that of Judge
Cowley, OF Lowell, who furnishes some impor-
tent information touching the people employed
in the factories Of that town. The cotton facto.
Fiea employ $4,000 spindles, $1,000 looms,
5000 males, and 1900 females, aud
the woolen factories, $1,000 spindles,
1000 looms, 1000 females, and 1000 males.
There are, also, 1000 workmen engaged in the
manufacture Of machinery. The population Of
Lowell is now about 4, ,0oo the nationalities be-
'ng divided as follows: Native Americans, 23 100;
11lsh' $4,000; French cansdians, 1000; Eng
Ash, 2,ooo; Scotch, 500; miscellaneous. 500.
With regard to the effects upon health, the re-
port SAYS:
The special diseases incident to factory 1.hor -.
a1ng diseases aud fcuale debility It'll doubtfnt -
there Il sny effect good had, dus to tha postrs ~
, 1873-03-09

The war Of the "'pathiea" hes been renewed
IN Massachusetts. It will be remembered, per
haps, that, year OF 80 ago, when the anti
homeopathic majority of the state Medical So
ciety expelled some Of the homnopathists' the
latter applied to the Supreme Court for an in
Junction. 4 decision has just been reached, and
tho Court holds that they have no power to To-
Fersa the rulings OF the majority Of the Society,
Ind that the minority must submit. Another
interesting struggle was in the militia. The
3urgeon-Genera1 Of the state declined to permit
homeopathic doctor to serve as regimental
n1rgeon. Thereupon therojected homeopathic
lad himself elected to the Legislature with the
purpose Of abolishing the Office Of surgeon~Gen-
.ra1 Of the State militia His bill it is reported,
aas also been defeated. Thus far, the old school
has decidedly all the advantages Of the struggle.
, 1873-03-09
TIE BATTLE or WATERLOO.
Dr PEoF. WILLIAM s1arnEWs, Of TEE uS1vEssr
OF CHICAGO.

| DS PEoF. WILLIAM aIaTEETE, Of TEE UNIVERSITY
/ OF CHICAGO.
f. OF the sixteen or seventeen decisive battles
] of tho world, there is no oro of deeper interest,
| if there is one Of greater importance. than the
battle OF Waterloo. Fought by tho greatest
Generals of the world, at the very primo Of their
reputation. and being, as it were, tho crown aad
finish Of tho experience Of 20 years. war. this
duel, which closed tho wars Of the French Roy
olution, is ono which will always to invested
with peculiar fascination, for the rcndcr.
whether viewed in itself only, or in connec-
tion with tho vast results that hung on it's
issue. Never WAS 8 victory more complete than
that OF the allied armies. It VAS no. only defeat
OF the French army andits chief; it was an ex-
Termination. Il wea shipwreclz Of q people.
On the 18th Of June, 1915, between sunrise and
sunset, the French Empire breathcd its last
breath; q! s o'clock IN the morning it stood
erect, With all it's hopes,-at o'clock in tho
evening it was Only name and q recollection,
Why was this7 How happened it that tho hero
Of ArRterlitz, c1:d Jena, and Wagram, whose
genius had never Ehono forth more resplend-
emily than while fighting against fearful
odds in the last campaign before his
bauishmeut to Elba, WIS now, after a hun
dred victories, foiled? Was it because, %
Is popularly supposed, Marahal Grouchy was
t1eacherous, and failad TO intercept the Prus-
Sims, and becauEe OF the heavy rnius which
delayed Naroleon'a attack till nearly noon,-or
was it because Of the superior energy, strategy,
and, above all, pronptness. Of lis foes, that he
WAS SO overwhelmingly defeated? These qucs-
tons we purpose to answer; aud il we succeed
In disabusing any reader Of the notion that the !
Emperor was beaten through no fault Of lis |
own, simply becauEo "t1o stars fought against |
against him in their courses" and that he never
showed more consummate generalship than On |
Ehe fatal day when he left the field Of Waterloo |
Tor exile, premature decay, and grave amidst
'' the immensity Of tho scas,"-we ahall deem
,ur labor we'll expended.
The truth is, Napoleon owed his defeat to
himself alone,--to a series OF blunders and de-
avs which he would have denounced as unpar-
lonable in ancther chief. Probably no one Of
,is campaigns was more sagaciously planned.
The brilliancy and justness Of his conception are
'dmitted BY every authority except Wellington.
lay, even by critics who utterly condemn his
and who charge the failure to his in
applicable mismanagement-. His first great error
'as in beginning the campaign NTH aueh an IN
, 1873-03-09

The physician who attended the dead McVcigh b
teati6es TINT the dying man asked after lie
policeman whom lie had battered with club,
and, when told that the officer was likely to die.
replied: II hope he will die, and 60 to hell be-
fore me-" Tho remark appears to he significant
Of two things: First, it Contains distinct
evidence that the character Of the man
sras such as to destroy my suspicion that
tho officers were too ta6:y in tie use Of
their weapons. This mans character WIS prob
ably not different from that OF, lis associates
the mob Of five or six mon who pounced upon
the two police officers and endeayorel TO kill
them as common enemies Of their kind. The
mob itself is representative Of class to which
rafferty, belonged, that infests the particular
ncighborhood where Rafferty, killed police
ofacer' and where the McVeighs tried
to Eu another. The lesson from the
dying mans remark should he to in
crease the police force Of the neigh
io1iood, enforce order in the strictest manner
and SO finally scatter the dangerous elements. Of
that community The second possible construc- |
tion OF the remark, in Which aicveigh hoped the |
police officer might die and get to hell befo1e
him, may be used by tho Methodist clerey yman in
New York who holds that the punishment of the |
wicked is determination. He might reasonably
nsk the question, in his next discussion, whether
there is anything in the prospect OF a lake Of
fire and birthstone which Is calculated to restrain
murderous thoughts and actions
, 1873-03-09
THE sAEC1ITY OF LIFE.

| rather novel discussion has recently ariaer
in England upon proposition made serions17
in one of the essays read before the Birnineban
Speculative Club, that persons suffering with IN
curable diseases should be gently and mercifully
put to death BY their friends, just Us an animal
| is often killed that his tortures may not be pro-
longed.' In posthumous work, written BY
charles Buxton, there is also a proposition
that the Bishop Of each diocese shall.
among his other duties, bo compelled
to shoot all the old and imlec;le in
hls charge. A writer in tho Fortniga,!y Recie,o
taxes up the strain in the most sober earnest,
and proposes that q to provide due guarantee
against tho possible abuse Of practice Which
certainly would have its dangers in careless
hands, the clargyman Of the parish should nj
ways be present On the occasion OF tho proposed
Hari-Kari." Tho idea which these savage moral
lists have advanced is nothing new. It was
first Developed in Sir Thomas Mores "Utopia,''
but the engo old philosopher probably mover
entertained an idea that the practice would Ia
advocated outside his ideal world. Should this
world ever become Utopian, ne have no doubt
some such practice as this would become quito
common, and indeed would be improved upon in
various ways. In order to keep up the Utopian
standard Of physical and moral excellence,
there would be q general pruning of,
not only Of those incurably sick, and
the old and imbecile Of all kinds. of WORTH
less persons,-for instance, those who fail to
get rich before they are 20 those who don't
understand life insurance. or the tariff question,
or the Philosophy Of Herbert Spencer; thoee |
Who have wnrts andfmoles; old bachelors; in fact,
n1l those who are not 4 No. specimens Of men |
and women. FREQ from spot and blemish. This |
process faithfully carried out, just as farmer
throws aside all defective potatoes, and |
'aEes only tho best for growing purposes,
would eventually 1eavo only the perfect
specimens Of physical and intellectual manhood
md womanhool on the DarEinian principle, and,
y exercising due caro- in eraicating all the poor
'dspring, the human race could be easily kept up
o the highest standard. Instead Of the motley
'opulation which now throngs the world and
[oods it with disease, poverty, crime; Ignorance,
&C., the world would eventually be peopled
nth race combining marked physical strength +
nd beauty, intellectual power without
tint, the choicest Of blue blood, richos illimit-
ble, freedom from rheumatism. headaches, and
ther Ills OF Lfe,-a race which could eat with
ut has1nS the dsspepsia, which could sing with
, 1873-03-09

stairs without getting out OF breath, which
could never run bills at the bakers or grocer's
and which would mover know ailmont or sozrow
| OF any sort. As sucl q rnce would not emoke
poor cigars, Of course they could not b. made
rs it would not drink poor wines, they
would not be In the market; as it would only
| read tirst~class newspapera, there would be
an end OF those nyriads Of small gazottes which
60 provoked Mr. Greeley7s ire as it would only
read frat-class books there would be no
beadles Or Pete1Eons; as it would nevax be sick,
there would be no doctors; Us it would be
IN honest race, there would be no
lawyers; IS it would represent the maxi
mum Of morality and epiritua1isna, there
would be no clergy. One cen 1aintly imag;ne
the joys Of such world in which there are no
lncapables, no sick people, no poor singers no
bad actors, no lawyers, doctors, editors, or min
listers, no apinsterB, no sin1pering school-gi
no crying babies, no corrupt congressman. no
politicians OF any sort. nd little men, NO colossal
women, no anyt.dngiia tact which does not rep
resent the absolute maximum iof perfection, every
man being strong, brave, learned, and handsome,
and every woman 8 combination OF Venus,
Minerva, and Diana
which may be possible thousands OF centuries
hence, when life has been reduced to an exact
science. The coolly barbarous propositions which
have emanated from Birmingham, the Fortnight
" Rerteeo, aud elsewhere belong, however, to this
world It only needs one answer to dispose Of
tile whole brutal business. ANY thing which
tends to lesson the sanctity Of humnn life should
be sternly rebuked. There is shooting enough
going On in the world Is it is without increasing
it by legal provisions. Tho horrors which are
served up in single issue Of the daily journals
chow that there is nothing cheaper at pres-
ent than human life; and that there is
no crime less liable to be punished than the Tux
ing Of it. TIE Tn1nUSE OF yesterday morning
alone contained narratives Of the drowning Of
lao people by criminal negligence; of the muir
der Of two young women in New Hampshire for
tie sake OF paltry sum OF money; OF the
murder OF u widow 'ead hor daughter in this |
eide at Louisville; OF an attempted mur-
dor OF policemen in Chicago; and of
the murder OF negro woman in South Carolina |
BY her husband. There is no prospect that the
crimson story is driving to close. Each new
.hapter is filled with additional horrors, in
spired by immunity from punishment. Any +
proposition which tenda to increase this pro-
peusity for shedding blood is simply
nonstfous and brutal even though it
nay be advanced ns theory in socin1
science. Men and women to-day need no hints
Il regard to taking human life. It is the dai1y
.u1e-the moBt common occarrencc-the t.mi1-
ar resort Of every brute and maudlin fool. uo
sho helps 10 increase this mania with ine-spun
hoories is himself guilty Of serious crime.
, 1873-03-09

beneficial result Of such ] change would be the
freedom Of adaptation to such studies as each
student might desire to follow. Tho suppositlon
would be that studenta had attained IN
age, discretion, and grade of scholarship,
before entering ccllege, which would enti-
tie them to tlis freedom of study.
To this end, the examinations for natricu1atlon
would bo OF a stricter character, and woald do
mand greater advancement and proficiency from
tho applicants. Those co1lcgeswlich should prefer
to retain tho old system would take their lcgiti-
mate positions as Gumnasien; the otllera would
finally haTe the scope and power Of the univer-
sity, This distinction between colleges and uni
veraitics is one that is much needed in this
country, where degrees, whether Of Bachelor,
Master, or Doctor, have lost their Significance.
, 1873-03-09

Il will be noticed TINT in 70 case arc the in
hnbitants returned as Canadians France cedad
Canada to England more than century ago,
get the descendants OF tho first inhabitants are
reported As French to this time. Figures giving
the number Of the present inhabitants of adult
age, born in the Dominion, would bo interesting,
as showing whether the population OF the Prov
inccs was kept up By immigration, and whether
tho native stock, especially Of tho Ens1ieh-sre2k-
ing Provinces, do not largely move of to .'the
States upon reaching adult age. Classified ac-
cording to their religion, tho bulk OF the popu1a-
tion is thus divided: Roman Catholics, 400 e29;
Church of England, z94,oAo; Methoaists, '5G7,-
o91; Presbytcrians, 81, s9s. Among the various
minor classifcations occur the following:' Pa
eans, 1886; Atheists, 20; Deists. 400; no relig-
ion, 5,14G; Mormons, SCI; Nahoaetans, 13.
, 1873-03-09
WHAT WE BUY IN FRANCE,

Tho trado botEeen the United States and
France is increasing, and it is curious to oxam-
inc the lists Of imports from that country and
notice tho direction OF American tastes. In
1872, tho value OF the goods exported from
France to the United States was certified by our
Conslls to bo sec, Sc, ,009, OF which $685. GOT, 600
was from Paris, and 917o00,0o0 from
Lyons, The highest value in any one
year previously was in 1871, 955, Isl ,00O
| showing for 1879 m increase Of 914,0o0, COO
| Tho principal articles purchased in Paris were
buttons and trimmings, a1nountingto to 81, ,s37 900;
| bronzes and works Of art, $780, 900; fancy
goods, 81, 900; artificial flowers and feathers,
Sl,soo, 600; hats and hatters goods 81, SOC, 900,
while jewelry and diamonds amounted to as
much. Of 1acos We only purchased 81, 900, 900
worth in Paris, but we spent over s., 600 600 for
leather and shoes. Our liquor bill in Paris was
less than 100000, but we spent $4,000 900 for
mcrinos, bombazineB, and Grape, and 50, SOC, 600
for miscellaneous dry goods. For shawls' sud
ELK, TIE scut $3,5oo,o0o to Paris, wliio
for woolen cloths, ready made garments, furni-
ture, glass, and porcelain, We spont loss than
half million each. In kid gloves We invested
s79o,ooo, and in human hair s424.o0O. Wo
bought toilet and perfumcry articles to the
amount of S674,o00, but ouly spent e7e, 900 for
wines This, however, was all at Paris, and we
had quite lively trado with other places.
At Nice VIC spent $50, 900 for porfumery, being
about all we bought at that place. At
Lyons ne purchased silk and velvet
goods to the value of so.250, GOO; tulles
laces, Grapes, 5000; shawls, s151 900;
trimmings, s123ooo; leather gloves. s725ooo
We also spent an average Of s150,o0 each in
the articles Of silk and cotton gloves, woo1en
goods, leather, and church o1ucneuts, while no
invested $1,000 in raw silk, and as much more
in metals and hardware At st. Etienne we IL
vested ss 500 900 in silk ribbons, and ae54, 900 in
velvet ribbons.
At Bordeaux VIC purchased quite different !
class Of goods consisting Of oils, wines, brandy,
sardines, dried FRUITS all amounting to $780,
900, Of which nearly one-third waa for wines. |
At Nantes we purchased sardines, preserves,
calfskins, and champagne, to the value Of $751;
o90 At Alarsellles VIC bought chemicals. dye-
stuffs, and fruit, but tho big business done was
in common soap, maddcs, and n.addcr-root At
Limogeswe purchased crockory and porcelain.
---"~'o1tas amounts to 81 500 0oO--
Principally for wine, and in tu1 a,~.,-;o. ~ Cog
nae We laid down 97000oo For time the trade
IN certain branches of millinery goods was trans
ferred to Germany, but has returned to
France and is lassely increasing annually.
instead Of reducing orr imports by our exorbi-
tant tariff, We find that they arc annually increas-
ing, and We enjoy the luxury OF paving for them
N Increased cost of so to 100 per cent. In other
'ords' the S7o,ooo,oo OF French imports, and
III the domestic limitations, cost consumers m
'dvance of 50 to 100 per cent, in order to build
'p home market which will not stay builded.
'lth all the cid Of tho tariG-architects.
, 1873-03-09
TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE.

1Efxs OF SUBSCRIPTION {PAgAp1E II ApvA.,cr,.
tn eckls........ 500 WeoEly TX
farta OF u yaar ut the same rate.
prevent delay and mistakes, be- sure md c1yo Post
" co acozcss LII fuu, including State and County.
e1tances may be made either by draft axpruss Port
o1lce order, or in registered letters at our risk
TERMS TO CITY suDscnrpEns
Daily. delivered. Sunday excepted a5 cents nor uoek
Daily delivered. Sunday included, 70 cents per uoek
Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, 80
Corncr Madison and Deazbprn-sts., Chicazo III.
, 1873-03-09

| -"--~% ~AA~A~~%AA*1AsAA
Congress, in 1872, while tinkerinr at the tariff,
transferred to tho FREQ list tho article OF nacca
roni, which had previously been taxed IS Per
cent. The American manufacturer Of that arti-
Gle went down to Washington and lobbied thora
until he induced 1tr. Dawes to move an amend
ment to one Of the appropriation bills, restoring
the tax OF 35 per cent GU foreign maccaroui.
Tho House agreed to it.; tho Senate, for soma
unexplained rcaeon, rejected it, and somo time
on Monday night conference committee agreed
to strike the Dawes tex out. So maccaroni is
free.
Hero is an occasion that calls for protest
from the Industrial League. Shall foreign mac
caronf be sold in tho United States in co,rpeti-
ton with American? Shall u,accaroni mcde OF
-four and water, in this tho most productive
wheat country ia the world, he exposed to com
petition from tho -four and water Of foreign
countries Shall American flour be thus humili-
ated? It is true, naccnroni is made tv ma
chinery; but shall American machinery be forced
to compete with the pcuEer machinery Of
Europe? Shall our people be permitted to eat
maccnroni that has not been taxed? That, nfter
MI, is the great economical question.
Shall. man who wears taxed boots,
taxed hat, taxed coat, taxed panta-
looms, taxed slirt, taxed undertaking. and
taxed collar. be allowed to eat free maccaroni7
among tho forty millions OF people in tho United
State, there is orc man who makes maccaroni.
Shall these forty millions Of people be allowed
to cat ruaccaroni without paying tax Of IS per
cent to this gentleman wlo is engaged in this
industry Why should they not pay him taxes
on their msccaroni, rs we'll as pay other people
taxes on their boots and ehoes, their linen, cot
ton and woolen garments? Here is this man,
nursing an infant industry under the protection
Of tax on the whole country levied for his
special benefit, robbed in single night OF his
bounty, aud actually compelled to mako macca-
roni without the privilege Of collecting taz
from the consumers.