The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1873-03-06
The REPUBLIC In PORTUGAL,
Measures in Progress to Sup
press Revolution.
GRANDFATHER" SALDANHA
The Parties Favorable to
Union with Spain.
q.aaU hnM sral ~ ~. eft
THE GARRISON OF LISBON.
GRANDFATHER" sALDANHA
THE GARRISON OF LISBON.
Great Britain Pledged to Maintain the indie.
pendtnce Of the Kingdom.
AMERICAN INTERESTS IN THE QUESTION

u"
The abdcation Of Amadeus and the declaration
of Republic in Spain, as in the case OF all i'm
portant political changes In that country for CEN
turtles past have produced great excitement in the
sister Kingdom OF Portugal. The telegraph during
the past fortnight has from time to time informed
US that Portugal was arming In anticipation Of
civil commotion; that movement OF the army had
taken place towards the frontier that students of
the principal colleges had made demonstrations In
favor OF the Spanish Republic, and, finally, that the
leading European Powers mad agreed to protect
her against Spanish aggression. The two coun-
tries forming the peninsula besides being alike In
nearly every respect are always the eve OF open
rebellion and impending bankruptcy Spain has
suffered and continues to suffer from dynastic
wars, and Portugal also has had her share OF civil
connections growing out of contending claims to
the throne. Both have tried in late years the ad-
vantages OF constitutional government, until it has
become a question with many whether absolute
rule is not better for the people than any descrip-
ton of representative government Whatever
may be said OF Official corruption in the United
States, OF Credit Mobilier scandals and swindling
contracts, the dominant party In the Iberan king
doms particularly in Portugal, has been noticeable
for the barefaced errontery with which peculation
and venality have been practised. ~
THE UNION OF THE TWO KINGDOMS
The political connection between Spain and
Portugal was of long duration. The crowns of the
two countries were united in the person Of Philip
ii. at the beginning of the seventeenth century.
Had that monarch, when he conquered Portugal,
fixed the capital permanently at Lisbon he would
have secured the kingdom forever. 1t was city
better fitted to be the capital OF great kingdom
than an inland place like Madrid. Lisbon is stu
ated near the sea, commanding the best facilities
for commerce, with colonies east and west, and
for general traflc is in every way preferable to
city lying in sterile plain, almost inaccessible and
without one navigabe river. The countries be-
came separated and the Braganza family descended
from Ferdinand and Isabella ootained'possession
OF the throne Females and all foreigners were
by the fundamental law excluded from the sue
cesson. and with the growth of the commercial
Importance OF the country alliances were formed
by which its Independence was guaranteed under
all and every circumstance. The decay Of Pcrtu-
gal has not lessened the resolution to maintain its
integrity, and not many years since theEnglsh
Parliament Lords and Commons), unanimously
bound themselves to help, defend and secure the
independence OF their ally. The geographical
position OF the country accounts for this deter
mmatiOn and up to the present hour Lisbon is rs
frequently VISITED by the British fleets any port
at home or abroad 1t Is, In fact, as much rem
devious or headquarters as Portsmouth.
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
After the French Revolution and when an alliance
was Termed between France and Spain, Portugal
threw itself entirely under the protection OF Eng
land. When Napoleon invaded the peninsula the
royal family took Night to Brazil, and established
themselves at RE Janeiro. England put forth all
its power to maintain the independence OF Portu.
gal and at the end OF the war Pedro III. returned
to Europe Two courts were kept up-one at
Lisbon and one at Rio Janeiro. The continued
residence Of JOAN VI at the latter city gave Occa-
resulted, in 1870, In . revolution and proclamation
OF . constitutional form OF government in place Of
absolutism. In 1923 the advance Of French army
int Spain excited counter-revolution, when
England again appeared Oh the scene In favor OF
non-nterlerence IN Portuguese affairs. On the
death OF joan, In 1925 Pedro w., after organizing
the government on the model Of the French char
ter, renOunced the throne in favor OF his daughter,
MARIA DA GLORIA, '30
on condition OF her marriage with her uncle. Dom
Miguel, which she subsequently refused to carry
out. war OF succession between uncle and niece,
something similar to the Carst contest in Spain,
followed. British neet under Admiral Napier,
operated in favor Of Queen Maria, and Dom Miguel.
after short struggle, renowned his claims to the
throne. Three years later democratic outbreak
occurred. The leaders demanded the abr0gatioA
OF the charter promulgated by Dom Pedro in 1926
and the restoration OF the constitutional form estab
hshed by joan in 1920. Maria da Gloria married
twice her last husband being cousin OF Prince
Albert, OF England. She died suddenly in 1853.
Her reign was not popular, and an armed inter-
ventien Of the great Powers took place in lS47,
disorders Her Ministers were regarded by the
people as odious, In consequence OF outrageous
taxes and waste OF public money, and an insurrec-
ton broke out, which resulted in making M
MARSHAL sALDANHA, MILITARY DICTATOR
OF the country. This chietaln has played promi-
nent part for over quarter OF century In P0rtu-
gal. When IN power he has ruled with the aid OF
the arny-whO look up to him as their bestfriend-
despotically anu when out OF power he has been
a successful conspirator. He has been the conn.
terpart OF Espartere, O'Donnell Prim and other
Spanish generals to a great extent But 1t has
hnn uai Inv nm ~ huf haoa l.Uov
weakness or the Braganza family to allow them
selves TO be governed by inferior men,. Maria do
He regned eight years and was IN turn succeeded
by his younger brother, Louis, the present King.
Louis married daughter Of Victor Emmanuel, and
IL was TO Lisbon Amadeus her brother retired after
renouncing the spanish throne. H.
THE GARRISON or LISBON.
The garrison OF Lisbon, like that Of Paris and
Madrid, has always been much given TO revolt The
| insubOrdinate conduct OF tho Spanish army has
| met over and over again responses In the sister
| power. There Is a close sympathy between the
| democratic elements In the two kingdoms, and
| powerful party exists in Portugal In favor OF q
| union with Spain. Saldanha Is supposed to belong
| to this party. But in Portugal the discomfort Of
| the people arises almost entirely from the ex.
travagance Of the government. The country Is
| bankrupt, and 1t Is contended that with economy
and prudence In the administration the two ends
might be made to meet; that Portugal, instead OF
losing her credit abroad and drifting into utter
insolvency, might maintain very respectable pc.
| sition among the nations and that diminution In
the army ana civil services should be made .
reasonable figure, and no moro useless frigates,
costing mints Of money, should be laid downs Of the
| arSenals. ~ H ir.t'rs. IT
| fl' H SPANISH PEELINa FOR UNION. -,
These were the views proclaimed In 1865 when
| the lnsurrection under Prim broke out In Spain.
some OF the spanish generals declared themselves
In favor OF union with Portugal but the govern
ment OF that country emphatically declared itself
against any such scheme When the failure OF the
insurrection was complete Prim sought refuge in
Portugal but he was ordered away. The line OF de-
marcation on the frontier dividing the two coun.
| tries was most definitely fixed. The progress OF
events since that time In Spain has caused much
aneasness In Portugal Special attention has been
given to the condition OF the army but the navy,
about which the people 80 bitterly complain has re-
NAMED In state OF neficency. But this Is Of lit
tie moment, 81, In case Of an emergency arising,
the English feet IL always on hand to protect Lis
bon, which II the key 70 the entire kingdom. In
1869 serious disorders again occurred Plaeards
posted IN the capital suInmonng the people to
ASSEMBLE IN THE NAME or THE REPUBLIC.
Saldanha, out or power, was c0nsptring against
the government OF Marshal dc Ionic. The latter.