, 1873-04-21

ciho. They will find 1t q maostrom in Which
hundreds Of millions may DO sunk forever with
worry litt1o trouble.
HERBERT SPENCER ON CAPITAL AND
-, LABOR.
In tho Popular Science Monthly for May, d
further article In hIr. Herbert sponcers series
on the difficulties which surround tho effort to
establish social science, discusses tho bins under
which employees and employed, or capitalists aud
laborers, everywhere regard tho conduct Of each
other. Notior soos in the other tho best and
necessary result Of tho present uudovoloped con-
dition Of Hociety, but oach charges the conlicta
betwoon tho two to tho Inherent doprayity and
personal wickcdnoas Of tho other. Tho laboror
secs tyranny In tho oxections of his employer.
The employer sees spirit OF indolont aud inso-
lent turbulence In tho disposition of tho laborer
not to work at all unless lo can work
loss tfmo or ut higher wages. nIr.
Spencer secs, In both, the resultants
OF the conditions that surround them, and only
blanca both for tloir failure to regara thon1-
selvos In the same philosophical light. book
upon servants, for ariatocratic reading, ontitlos
them "The Groatest Plague in Life" while
book upon employers, to DO read BY servants,
would of courao style masters a1u. miatrenaos
"Tho droateat Plaguo in Lifo." While Mr.. spon-
cor contomplatos with serono satisfaction the
folly which insproB both these claaeeB in their
contests with each othor, lo raiaoa new issue
with both Of thom,-that they a1iAo maappro-
hon1 their rown interests. Workfngmon ought to
know that moro equal distribution Of wealth
and "bettor forms u industrial organization
would grow up aud e1ttnguish this which they re'
gard as opprasaiyo, were such better forms prac-
ticable." Tho power OF the capitalist is
tho compensation hereceivos for regulating tho
course Of industry and tic exchange Of products,
| and, though the Share Of the proceeds of indus
try which now 60 to pay for its regulation ia
| probably oscoasiye and will bo lesaenod under
future Bystems, at presont 1t has tho justifica-
| ton that it alone succools." 30 much to tho
workingman. To the capitalist, h1r. Spencer
argues that ho would DO Happier with less
money; or rathor that. with tho onward sweep OF
society, conditions will so change that unBol1ah
policies will supply moro largely the comforta Of
ll1G, WILLS enlAlllHb 4966 Cll0 huA AAo
feudnl Baron of two conturies ago would have
snoorod at the possibility that bis SUCCESSOR, the
Earl OF to-day, could live without moated cas-
tie, without armed retainors, could hayo gono
abroad without stool mail, lanco or sword, aud
got enjoy, not only greater social power, but
mora froodom, thau those oncumbranccs would
have supplied. So our modern bankers, railway
kings, aud land-holde1s, who drudge llo hirod
clerks under the load OF details their business
inYolvee would snoer ut tho prediction that q
social condition is approaching in which their
postority will enjoy far moro real wealth, means
Of culture, health, 1oiauro, and social power md
freedom, without than thoy now enjoy with, their
vast monopoly OF property, which they Gun
ueithor consume nor labor with directly, but can
only invest and supervise. Mr. Spencer,
therefore, condemns tho "peryading the-
ory of life" entertained by tho
! capitalist class, viz: thu. tho monopoly
/ Of vast wealth by individuals ia conducive to
, tho happiness Of its poBscasors, as being in
miatukon as 1t Is ignobo." Wo quote tho fol-
loving as singular concesaIon By philosophy to
| the soupduass of the chief anl most difficult
claim OF Christianity, viz; tint, to insure hap
pinosg aolf-lovo must bo modified anl balanced
by the love of our noighbor:
Tho p1casure-huntiug lifo fag for the that Ii
lcayos large paris Of tho Ianro une1erclaedt neg
lacta tho Satisfaction gnncd by successful acyliy,
and thorc Is missing from 1t tho consciousness
OF services rendered to others. EgostIc enjoymenta
continuously pursued pail because tho appctitea for
tloul are satlntea In times much shortcr than ouE
| ri 1nASinu tflnea tbnS either
empty or spent III efforts to yet enjoyment uftet
deaire las ceaHcd They pail also from thu want OF
that broad contract which arises when ,noiety Of fa
ta actively occupied. Tlesc negative cases Of dis
subtraction Joined with thepostivo cause indicated
tho nbacuco OF that coutont gained by Buccessfu
achievement. Quo of tho most passive anu enduring
qualifications Ia tho OF personal worth, evel
afrosh demonstrating itself to consciousness by efac.
tusl ac.iou; aud lido lifo ii Calel Of Its hopei
partly hccn,so 1t noks this. Lantly, tho implied ab
Of atrnso activities, Of activities felt to bo
It eomo way esrycoabs to otcrH brings kindred evils
= au ABSENCE Of corta!u positive pleasures OF higl
ortlor not easly exhausted, aud further falling buc
ou cgolstlc pleasures, ngan tending toward HRtiet,
And all this with ita resulting weareas mud lseon
~ tout, wo may trace to Hocsl organization undo
which there comca to tho regulating classes aaro
IL produce gscat enough TO make possible lnrgs
10 latlous that support uaulesH deacenlauts.
" In the mode OF expressing those ileaH there /
10 tho moro shade Of novelty which attaches to Mr
10 aponcer'a philosophical style. The conclusions
aa howoyor, aro as old as tho Dool OF Job, wherot
to tho ennlo truth IL taught, that mans lappinet
O. oonslatoth not In tho abundance OF tho thine
ro TINT 10 posaosseth or as tho etoica In philos
he ply and the eromitea in religion. who have,
y, their Ho7erM ways, sought to PRACTICE on Il