New national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1870-1874, 1873-09-18

o pocr and the poor man poorer. To reduc
= as far as possible the difference between
themselves and others, and since they them
) selves could not he masters, they had direc
i and powerful motive for rcducin. their mas
; tiers to the poverty of slaves.
: This, however. was not the worst elemen
OF the situation. The very soil Of Your Stat
was cursed with a burning sense of Injustice
slavery was the parent Of anger and hate
our fields could not be lovingly planted no
faithfully cultivated in lis presence. Til,
eye Of the oyersecr could not be everywhere
and cornhills could be covered with clod, II
preference to soft and pulverizrd soil in thcil
absence, for the hand that planted carcf
nothing for the harvest. Thus YOU will sec
that emancipation has liberated the land a
well as the people.
In contemplating the successful husbandr,
of the British Islands, Astounding, as they do
with fertile fields and the most perfect :
formed and best developed cattle, a distin.
gulshed Frenchman was led TO eXciaim: SIT
is not fertility but liberty that cultivates a
country" The State of Tennessee is now
to be cultivated by liberty; by knowledge
which comes of liberty; by the responsibility
OF labor; by the motive Of general welfare,
and by the sense Of patriotism confined to no
particular class, and | predict for her a vast
and general increase OF happiness and pros
perity in the new era which has dawaed
i upon her.
Gentlemen, if this prophecy of prosperity
to your State shall prove slow of fulfllment.
or be defeated, the fault will not be one to
the new order Of liberty, but to the old order
OF slavery. 1t will not be in the enancpatad
slave, but in the disconnected master 1t
will not be due to any inherent defect of the
principle Of liberty, but to the Inherent dis
! al g.
dom. A dog will scratch his neck long after
his collar is removed. The Illusion is kept
up when its cause has departed. Neither the
slave nor his master can abandon all at once
the deeply intrenched errors and habits of
centuries.
l take it that one part of the mission of
this State Agricultural Association is the
speedy and radical extinction of the evils in
herited by the emancipated class from their
former condition, and that, therefore, it is
| appropriate, on this occasion, to point ont
some Of the more palpable of those errors for
| condemnation and Punishment, and nculcate
| in their stead the wiser and better ideas, sug-
gested by the condition upon which we have
| entered
! TREATMENT or ANIMALS.
! There As no denying that slavery had a
direct and positive tendency to produce
and management of domestic animals, espe-
cially those most useful to agricultural indus
try. Not only the slave, but the horse, the
OK, and the mule shared the general feeling
| OF Indifference to rights naturally engendered
| by state of slavery. The master blamed
the overscer; the Oyerseer the slave, and
the slave the horses, oxen, and mules, and
violence and brutality fell upon the animals
as n consequence. Now, there is no success
full farming without well-trained and we'll
treated horses and oxen, and one of the
greatest pleasures connected with agricutu-
raj life may be found in the pleasant relations
capable Of subsisting between the farmer and
his four-legged companions; for they are
| company as well as helpers IN his toll.
have seen men spend valuable hours of the
best of the day, chasing the horse and the
mule in the open field which but for the
abuses hnapad npon thana whom in harness
would have come instantly upon the can OF
| their master. The loss arising from this
| source is two-fold. Both man and beast have
been wearied by the chase, and the temper
of both has been rendered mfavorable to
calm and steady eXerton. 1t should be the
study of every farmer to make his horse his
companion and friend, and to do this, there
is but one rule, and that is uniform sympa-
thy and kindness. All loud and boisterOus
commands, all brutal fogging, should be ban
ished from the field, and only words of cheer
and encouragement should be tolerated. A
horse is in many respects like q man. He
has the five senses, and has memory, afiec-
ton and reason to limited degree. When
young, unframed, and untamcd, he has I'M
bounded faith in his strength and feetness
He runs, jumps, and plays in the pride of his
PROJECTIONS. But convince him that he is a
creature of law as well as of freedom by
judci,us and kindly application of your supe
rior power, and he will conform his conduct
to that law, far better than your most law
abiding citizen.
CARE or AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
Gentlemen, in farming, as everywhere else,
time is money; and One-tenth of all the time
of some farmers is lost to useful labor in
searching for and mending tools carelessly
flung down anywhere and everywhere and
left forgotten to rust, decay, and ruin.
have seen in some of our Western States,
| amid the SHOWS and rains of winter, costly
plows, harrows, and moving machines ex-
posed to all the destructive forces Of the ele-
ments. OF course, men who farm thus bring
no honor to agriculture, but are disgrace to
that vocation. The loss of time, labor, and
money, as in the other cases, are not the
| only evils of this style Of practical farming.
The loss OF temper, the mental confusion to
which this one evil gives rise, will rack n
mans constitution more than the heaviest
steadiest strokes Of well-directed exertion
THE WELL AND THE wOoDPILE.
Life is said to be made up of little things,
and small annoyances are often more distress
ing to the temper than large ones. There
can be no happy and successful farming when
there is no peace at home. When the wife
smiles and the children are happy and elee-
full, the toll and burdens of the husbandman
are light and easily borne. Everything
therefore, which tends to make home happy
is in the line of a wise economy both of
! time and labor. Where a woman must go
half mile in the woods to tote brush or rot
ten bark to make a fire, or a quarter OF
mile to the spring to fetch water, it is impos-
| sible that household affairs can go on either
regularly or pleasantly. Such economy is
unworthy of the sense of a Hottentot or
Bushman. If you come up tired and hun
cry from the field if your house is not neat,
sweet, and in order; if the eyes of your wife
and daughter are red with smoke and tears ::
if your children are iretting and crying, and
| you yourself suffer from loss Of temper, YOU
have in fact only yourself to blame. You
have neglected to supply your woodshed with
| an ample quantity of sound and wsll-sea-
soned wood, and to pat down well Of pure
water at your door, and have thus omitted
the primary conditions Of peace, purity, and
order in your household. By all means, be
leu ~ 4 i