New-York tribune., 1873-01-22
INpIvIpUAlrT'
SIZE
WEIGHT

lD~NYVr~-N
or hop, skull from above showing .s, i,rss iro,ia
hes and he brain S s-SinuseS or-orbitnl Iobes
Now am particularly detrous TO ayoidall appearance
Of special pleading or Of making one qoo'ue 81 Inf
call attention to the fact that the phrenoogoa
not the undor surface much the brain ITSELF and
is easy overlook this from the manner wnich
back OF the head or in the center Of forehead"
The fact is that ont OF the forytwo or more mental
three assigned to definite parts Of the brain o no
anterior convolution OF the middle lobe OF the oereDrun
| and language to the orbital lobes.. ,,,-.. ,
Moreover, although there is an evident Willingness 10
recognize the sylvian figure as the boundary line De-
| tween the region Of intellect In front anu
incidence is far more exact in the case OF even
this grand and primary cerebral hssure while the one.
correspondence with the chronological organs which
them, cut them up and combine them In the most
! regardless fashion"
OBJECTIONS TO PIIRESoLoGY.
Incredible as it appears the arrangement OF organs
does not indicate the separation OF the cerebeum
by thick, hbrous plate, the tentorium which in many
animals is bone. II now we note the statement that
organs having functions grouped together in
che same region in order support and cooperate with
each other, the case stands somewhat as folows: A..
Granting that amativeness is IN the cerebellum, then
in the cerebeum II these are the only faculties there
located, then the social propensity which provides Tor
with the selfish propensity which regards only the pres
eryatlon of the Individual; while the former is dolned
freu phoprogenltiyeness and from cODugalty aud the
latter from destruction and bbatiyeness But H. 70 es
cape from TINS ryngpan pa oI IN n ws
tyeness conugay and destructiveness, then we lall
and placing its upper half In the cerebrum while the
| lower portion remains in the cereoellum
With the best Of wishes confess my inability TO es-
cane both horns Of tins dilemma but such slight ana
tomca discrepancy may not disturb the convictions OF
| uOt
the latter IL is external and who describe the cerebe
| um as divided into lobes and lobules" The above
! would explain why phrenologists have never
yenured to draw their maps upon the BRAIN ITSELF ana
artistic arrangement Of organs from their own CONSCIOUS
ANATOMICAL DISCREPANCIES.
! We come now TO the second general faacy OF phre-
nology We will admit, for the sake OF argument. either
that the cerebral gnres do coincide with the lines be-
tween gans what makes the case simpler that
the cerebrum Is perfectly smooth and even as IN its
primitive condition Does the gray matter admit OF sub
division into larger and smaller patches and the subja
cent white matter into larger and smaller bundles OF
hbers And is there anything which even looks ilhe
LIQUIDATION Of the whole massi Every one who has eyer
examined the brain OF any animal whatever knows that
this s not the case that beyond slight difference In
thickness. aud in the number Of alternate layers com
posing the sheet OF gray matter is as absolutely homo
geneous the rind OF orange or the plaster upon
your wall. The phrenologsts claim that the no1,aetec
between the various parts OF the cereDru IS no proo o
their nonexistence This may DC readily adnitted Dy
every real investigator whose work to discover what
Bnt the only Illustration on which they base this arg
men involves a falacy IL is said the most expert an
atOmss had looked frequently and long upona Dunle OF
fDers inclosed IN common sheath without s
covering OF them the organ OF voluntary
notion and the other that OF feeling as was aterwlrd
then Phiiipeaux and Vupian have shown that tine cut
end OF motor nerve may be made TO JON the cut END OF
OF sensation and that both motor ana sensitive
currents then be conducted through the DeTs az
the point OF union In other words the propertes, IKE
but their functions vary according 10 the
at ono or both extremities Tne properties OF the
| wires are the same whether they are connecteu
! with hre-bell recording instrument, bat
Therefore, in order to make their Illustration apply to
the nary sections Of the cerebral substance whic
they call organs the phrenologists must show one OF
two hingeiiher that bundles OF the cOnverging
bers connected with certain muscles by when only
the other end they are in communication with certain
patches gray matter which are different from all
others, in structure or arrangement or position
Both Of these out OF the question IN the present
state of knowledge respecting the minute structure
continuous sheet upon absolutely continuous mass OF
ber And to assert that nevertheless the hypothetical
patches OF gray matter. and through them the equally
hypothetical bundles Of hbers are connected with as
tnct faculties of the MUD, would Dc a case OF pettlo
prncpi which would startle but the most reckless
votry OF this system OF mental philosophy when Is
founded upon the physIo ~ of the nervous system"
ONE INCH OF BRAIN AS GOOD AS ANOTHER.
The following point forms real objection to the idea
Of phrenoogy but is perfectly Incompatible with its
present methods:
All the known faculties located upon the Uranium.
Granting that the OF this is exact index OF the
upderlying brain we may do what as have seen, the
phrenoogsts have not yet done namely, transfer the
map to the brain This leaves us with all the faculties
distributed upon its outer free surfaces which are in
contact with the skull But upon what ground is the
right OF representation denied 70 the lower surface OF
ropaIIn Ind ehove All to fhe mesal aspects of the
hemispheres. which. as our diagrams show present
numerous deep and characteristic assures. and
responding amount Of gray matter which differs IN no
respect whatever excepting in position from tnat upon
taxation without representations; for no one questions
that square inch of gray matter - as good as an
other and performs an equal amount OF WORK.
Again. even II some faculties, now recognized, or
others manufactured for the occasion are allotted TO
these hidden surfaces 1t is manesty impossible that
their organs should affect the surface OF the skull or even
OF the brain so as to DO available IN phrenoogca ex
animation No answer has ever been made to this serious
difficulty.
from results Of injury to the brain with men, and ex
permens upon animals The cereDrun Is not sensiuve,
in such cases. and animal will bear to have ITS hem
lspheres gradually sliced away and the slclng may he
done in any direction with the same result, naney'
gradually increasing stupidity, but with no change ac-
cording another chronological organ rs re-
moved" - ,,--.,. 4. -, ,o.
upon these special ncongrues, although II my object
were merely TO amuse. would call attention TO cases
like the following The newly discovered organ OF con-
jugality monogamical marriage, is the lower ana
hinder portion of the old organ. combatyenes now re-
duced dimensions. Such an intimate association as
this, between the inclination 20 marry one ~ie nd ne
look for the marriage relation. The dscoverer OF conju
gality must have Deen some lncOngruOus Ol Dacneor
for surely ordinary mortal would locate MS nalrlmo-
NAL rose-garden in the southeast corner of bate-
field.
PRoBLEMATic UTILITY OF THE SCIENCE.
We have examined the so-called science OF phre-
nology as fairly and fully our time will permit.
What IS our concusioni With all admiration for the
learning and ability Of It's founders, and with due re-
speet for the industry and enthusiasm of ITS present up
hoders am forced conclude that far from being
a system OF mental philosophy based upon the physo
ogy OF BRAIN IL Is rather doctrine estiDhshed In
facts OF physiology aud the laws OF
logic that whatever Of apparent truth Is contained In
H. Of the nature OF general physognomy ana tnat the
present practice thereof Is practically not theoret
icay effort the part of certain persons possessing
shrewdness and vigor OF imagination and IN most cases,
no doubt " convince those less welnrormed,
nut than themselves, that there is