, 1873-03-13
----.----.-.-.-:- -------.------@ ----.------------@-
ARTESlAN WELLS.
George A. S]lufoldt, Jl:::,
Not the Originator
Of Them.
The Chinese Knew All
About Them Thous-
ands Of Years
Ago.
Tens Of Thousands Of Wells
Mentioned by the Mis-
sionary Imbert.
London, Paris, and Other Euro
pean Cities Plentifuliy
Supplied.
How They Are Bored.''The
Chinese Method Still
Partially Adher-
ed To.
Special Information About
American Wells.
The Artesian Wells Of Chicago
and Cook County.
Ssll1frlAt's WELLS. :anae1 Their
Esccsa1iaradies.
Uses to Which the Water May
Be Applied.
Tho vVater-IIIevator in ". e. Hale
s. Co.'s Building.
The Artesian Wells Of Chicago
and Cook County.
Ssl11frrilt's Wells, ssnael Their
VcceaQitaradies.
Uses to Which the Water May
Be Applied.
Tho yYater-Elcvator in W. e. Halo
s. Co.'s Building.

Artesian wells are holes bored in tho earth
through which aubtorroancan currents OF Whtor
find their way to the surface. Tloir theory ia
easily understood by any ono having 4 knowledge
Of the rldimcnts of geology. Tho water that
falls upon tho ground percolatoH through the
soiI COLLECTS in assures and botwoon strata OF
tho underlying rocks, and follows tho dip, in
croasing in volume as It Aows. Wea}s sunk to
great depths at lower parts Of tho inclino, or in
tho basin where tho strata agnin assume hort
zontal position, Btriko thcso streams, which at
once make an effort to Geek tho level OF
thor source through tho apnrtercs pre-
pared for them. 10 sink woll with
reasonable expectation Of finding water,
therefore, the spot aooctcd must bo lower
than tic supposed place Of supply, md at somo
point in q nearly direct limo from tho edge of
tho ridge, or basin, toward the lowe2 levola.
Some strata Of rocks arc highly porous, and the
wator easily iniiltrates through them. Those
strata arc imporneablo to water, mud along theae
tho streams or ebHots, flow with en-
1arred volume. and st an accelerated ratio OF
apeed. In boring for water on regular incline
NJ stratjfied rocks SUCCESS Ii almost certain !;
where tho rocks are irregularly placed 1t ia
highly problematic. Whom tho source 1B high,
the wator IL thrown with great forco above tho
mouth OF the woll. sometimes to tho height Of
over 100 feet. When it il but lttlo higher
than tho place OF artificial exit, it flows out gent
II. and runs quietly OF upon tho surfaco.
The quantity OF water flowing from
a we'll is generally IN proportion to
the size Of tho boro, tho subtcrranaan bore.
end the subterranean pressure. Two wella may
bo OF the same size, and may soom to discharge
continually from d full oriflce and yet the ag-
grogato flow Of ono may bo double that OF the
other In given number of hours. The useH OF
arte,ian wells are many, aud will be found
further specified below.
wEL1.a III FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The boring of artoainn wel1s can scarcely be
numbered among the 1oat arts, although The
Chinese practiscd for thousands Of years un
known to tho rost of the world. Their methot
or oueration ia simple, aud most etfcctual. Tho
wells arc remarkable for their depth ami
their nunbera Imbort, the missionary, state
that within q diRtriot Of forty Bquar
1oaeues thore are items Of thousands, many 0
them 5000 feet doop and somo Of thom bores
in yery romote pcriolH for the Balt and bitumin
rms mstters held in solution by tho watera
Wells have boon sunk in tho arid rcglonH 0
Sahara by the natives to tho depth Of !, 200 feet
md all abundance Of wator has gushed to tn
surface. Artcsan wells aro humorous tn til
vicinity Of London. In 1888 they furnishe
G,0o0,0O0 gallons daily, and the amount va
doubled in 1851. As the number is Increased
IL said that tho average flow, and tho pressur
which ia technically called tho "hoad," arc coz
aido,ably diminished. A single vol In diHtrit
will flow atendily through all indefinite term
rears without Decreasing In volume. we'll
T1lieres, in Franco, las boon flowing since 112t
without showing the loast aiEn OF dlninution'
WELLS IN PARTICULAR DISTRICTS.
London aud Paris are well situated as regard
srtesian wells. They are in basins, toward
which tho strata dip or incltno from severai d
roctions. Consequently, tho wells Ill these II
calities arc numorouu, mud, haTlng been esp
c;a,tv couyouient for acionti0o observation, the
nscn1;, ,rtiea have been noted and printed #
tno ,rnow]edeo Of tic world. Tho boring is got
ora11v oasi1v accomplished through strata OF CO
carovs ar crotacoous rock. The we'll Of Or
nellie. not fur from Paris, is tho deope8t OF
those. Il was commenced in 1858, With tho o
peotatiou Of finding wat0r at tho depth OF !,
ar l 200 feet in the greensboro undoryine IL q
chalk. which III uppormost III tho neraea' ~
noriDr ran commenced with an auger one TO-
T., dinn,etor which was reduced IN SIZE aa u
horinr progrosscd to d diameter OF
t,chos. The work ,yas delayed ut qaf1o
kimes by tho broaking Of tho rods o.
tnbinr, and other voxatlous hindrances, nus
In 1911, having obtained dopth OF l,79a fe'
the drill pouctratod all arch ovar m 1mmen
reservoir, and suddenly foil to the depth OF SO
era1 Yards. The water soon roso to the surfat
and was discharged with such VAo!ence tnas
,yas found necessary to raise vertical Pipe mn
feet into the air. from tho top Of which the III
tsless forclble, and moro oagsiy manaeoa'
1850, we'll was bored at Kissingen, In HaYas
10 the depth Of 1,s7s11 feet, through aandston