The weekly Shasta courier. [volume] (Shasta, Calif.) 1872-190?, 1873-04-12
FARM AND GARDEN.

cheese factories throughout the country,
Mr.. Arnold, before the American Dairy
mans Association, cited the butter
making interest in evidence of the dis
advantage of working privately and
alone. Improvements move slowly
when they go single-handed. Rapid
progress in all the affairs of life comes
from learning of each other. Differences
in butter-making could be as readily
reduced as in cheese-making by COM
parison of results. But makers
are very little organized. Vermont, it
is true, is working Systematically to
improve her butter interest, and the
market reports of St. Adams show how
well she has succeeded. But this is an
exceptional case, and consequently
among butter-makers very little is set
tied; they are at loggerheads on almost
every point. The temperature at which
cream rises best seems to be but little
regarded and is known to but few; the
best depth for setting milk is argued all
the way from one inch to twenty; the
number who know just when is the best
time for skimming milk is very small;
the time, temperature and manner of
churning, the effect of churning sweet
or sour, and whether it is better to
churn the whole milk or only the cream,
are questions in dispute. What is
needed to regulate and advance this in
terest is minor organizations all center
ing in a national association, either in
conjunction with this association or
forming a new one.
LAND FOR Cow.-We asked two
experienced Wisconsin dairymen, says
a farmers journal, how many cows will
a good dairy farm of one hundred and
sixty acres support in average seasons,
having besides only the horses needed,
and, perhaps, few hogs to use up
whey, etc. One who has been many
years in the business-as this was in
private conversation we do not mention
names-said that on his farm of that
size, on which were twenty acres COW
cred with timber and worthless for pas
ture, he could keep forty. The others
estimate was forty also for the one hun
dred and sixty acres. Of course both
included the use of such land as was
necessary for the usual orchard, garden,
ETC., but not for the production of any,
thing for sale except the products of
the COW in milk, or the cheese or but
fer made from the milk. Both of the
'airymen to whom we refer believe
-.eartily in the value of sowed corn, be-
lieving it cheaper feed than hay. One
says he would want one and half
acres of pasture for each COW, to last
till after haying. After that time he
pastures the meadows, and feeds green
corn fodder, etc., with the usual pas
turage for each COW for the whole sea-
son, also feeding corn fodder in the fall.
He so plants this that while it produces
a large amount of stalks and leaves, it
also manures considerable quantity of
corn. On this feed he relies chiefly for
the winter feed.-Mass. Ploughn.an.
Robert Manning gives in the Horti-
culturist the names ofsome pears which
are apt to rot at the core, among which
are Harvard and Clapp's Favorite, which
he has, however, never found to be af-
fected with this difficulty if they are
only gathered in season. The Merriam
and Buffum keep well. The Figue,
Flemish Beauty, and Sheldon "go
quickly" after ripening. The Moyam-
ensing is well known to possess SINH
lar quality, and DR.. Brinckle once told
us that sit must be eaten by the chro-
it was just right only for
a moment. Mr.. Manning says that no
pear is recommended in the American
Pathological Society's catalogue that
will rot at the core when picked in
good time.
The way to get the seed out of Os-
age oranges is to put the fruit (or orang-
esq in pile, and let them freeze during
the winter and spring till planting time
about the first of May. Then put them
into a tub, or some such vessel, and
beat them up well, putting in enough
water to make the mass as thick as slop;
then, with bucket and lineup, pour
this along in the row. Treated in this
way the seed will not need soaking
which it always does need if it is dry.
1t is soaked already, and will quickly
come up.
To the question, "When two swarms
cluster together, how would you sepa-
rate thems" the bee-keepers reply
/" Hive all together in large box and
they'll settle in different corners. -Four
swarms together had been hived in that
way, and in the morning each had ia
ken possession of corner.
The following is recommended for the
prevention of hog cholera: urpounds
of salt, one peck of wood ashes, one
pound each of black anthony, copper
as and sulphur, one-fourth pound salt
petre; pound, mix thoroughly, and moist
en- enough to prevent waste. Put in a
trough in dry place, where the hogs
can at all times eat just as much as
they please of it.
The Journal of Horticulture says that
a French farmer has discovered that the
use of tan is an efficient preventive
against potato disease. For three years
he has introduced a small quantity of
the residue of the bark used in tanning
into each hole on planting his potato