davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

TnE firm Of Noreman q Brick, rail-
road planning mill, corner Pacific ave-
nue. and Pearl street, has been changed
10 Brick & Clark, These mills are
turning out ali kinds Of work In wood
IN the best manner, Orders from oily
aud county respectfully solicited, See
advertisement,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

The MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TlGNAS
RAILWAY, with It's connections, " inc
shortest, Quickest and only Direct Route
from all points In Texas, the Indian Nation
ana southern Kansas 10 81. Louis, Hannibal,
Chicago and all prominent Eastern points.
Rates rs low aud time quicker than any other
road In the market.
An claims for loss, damage or oycreharge
promptly settled.
Merchants ordering goods from the East
will save time and money by conslgning
them care Missouri, Kansas ana Texas Rail
why. ,,,,,
". A. FRfER,
Genll Eastern Agent, $40 Broadway, NY.
u. Il. WILLIAMS,
Agent, IS Clark street Chicago.
GEO. W. LlLLEN,
Contracting Agent, lOi Walnut street.
st. Louis, Mo.
W. GAGE,
Agent, Hannibal, Mo.
j. W. BuRCH,
Contracting Agent, DallaS, Texas.
W. p. ROBINSON,
Genl Freight Agent, Sedalih, Mo.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

G. II. Beauchamp, on Main street, opposite
the foundry, keeps constantly on hand fresh
white cornmeal and full supply of his SUI
perior Mountain Valley Flour. Try II.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
uUTCIIINs.l


Twelve lots lone hloohl, on tho prlho'pn'
business street Of The town Of liulohihs, on
Inc Central lIinllroad, In Dallas county lo'
s,lo NJ low prices, Apply 10
JOHN W,sWINDELIS'
nihltf Herald ONCE,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

That whispering all around ttown-what is
it? Gentleman talking about the good liv-
ing at the most popular Hotel in Dallas,
Which, the Commercial House.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

ApcnI,Ii,E To-day.

The candidates for the Legislature
viii address the people Of this city and
county to-day, Messrs, Bradshaw,
Cochran, Kcmble and Middleton will
speak ut the courthouse,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

1t is economy TO use Dunham's Yeast Pow
der. For purity and strength ithasn no equal.
All who use it, like II, and recommend IL TO
their neigbbors. 169dsu&wed&w3m
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

G. IL. Bcauchamp, on Main street, opposite
the foundry, has builders and other hard
ware, which he is closing out very cheap.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

g. II. Bcauchamp on Main street, opposite
the foundry besides general merchandise,
keeps the best family groceries. Try them.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
For Rent.

One-halr of II store in the business center
of the city. For particulars inquire at Her
man Lange's Iewelry store.
2l7dtf
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

A night class has been organized at the
Dallas Telegraph Institute for those unable
to attend during the day. Tuition fee mod
crate. Apply to
22jdlw ED. 4. BASYE.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
CVnlI,sp's Tonic Bitters.

Best tonic known for chills, fovers, consti-
patton and indigestion. For sale In Dallas
by j. j. FENDLEY,
lSJd3m ONCE Saloon.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

Ullmann n Co. have fresh and heavy lines
ofnll kinds of groceries, arrived yesterday.
Call and see them M-dtl
TERMS l26dtf
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
Advertisement.

The following II an extract from u
report Of tho Grand Jury of Dallas
county, made at the Winter term 1873,
w the Judge of the District court;
t.f. EXTRACT.
'It further affords w pleasure TO
state That j. M. Salmon, w Deputy
Sheriff, asdlsoharged his duty prompt
~ and Is an efficient Olllcer.p
Unanimously adopted with n request
that our county papers publish The
same. Thlslslh February, a. ID, 1871
Signed by all the members Of the
Grand Jury, d&wlt.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

Where do people get good liquors There
is but one place and that at the Commercial
Hotel bar. Ed. is always polite aud atten-
tive,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

BOOSTERS, Dodgers, Circulars, and every
\ kind of Printing executed In the nentcst
styles and al the shortest notice ut THE HER
AID OFFICE,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

Go and see the tempting invoices of fish
and fresh groceriesJust received ut Ullmann
Il Co.'S. 2O0-dtf
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

few boarders can be accommodated with
large rooms and cool fires, II short dis
lance from the business of the city. Apply to
HERALD Office. 230d3t
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

G, H. Bcauchanp, on Main street, opposite
the foundry, has large stock Of school and
miscellaneous books which he is closing out
very low. lJDdtf
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

Two good residences in this city. Imme-
diate possession given.
l59-dtf STEAGALL & co.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
AT A Bargain,
y. ID. BLAKE.

Commercial Hotel for sale mt bargain
fronting 100 feet on Elm and 100 feet ON JEFF
forson streets.
2O9dtf =. ID. BLAKE,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

city. Its quality, we know, is superior, and
being nicely perfumed, we are not surprised
that consumers prefer 1t, and that 1t has a
arge sale.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
For Sale.

Go 70 the King House saloon for the best of
cigars, wines and liquors. 2i7dSm
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

Philip Werlein, wholesale andretall deal
er In Pianos and Organs, office and sales
rooms Nos. 5000 Baronne street, New Or
leans. Qualities better, prices lower and
terms more favorable than at any establish
ment South. Large sales fully attest these
statements. Pianos sold on payments OF
Sl2 80 and SO per month Ii preferred. Philip
Werleins is the oldest music house, and also
the largest piano and organ house in New
Orleans. one-fourth million copies sheet
music of all kinds. Send for price list and
catalogue.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
Modern Dick TurplBs.

1t is not ut all surprising when an
article of much value Is introduced in
the market and gets what it really
deserves, popular run, when indi-
viduals without brains or principles,
and reckless of the consequences,
straightway proceed to counterfeit the
genuine article, even to its trademark.
or course in many instances tho peo-
pie are powerless, and this class of vul-
lures succeed in Obtaining great deal
ofmoney under false pretenses. Even
when man like Old John Robinson,
who hasspent fifty years of his life in
elevating and creating a grand source
of amusement, known to the world rs
the Menagcric and Circus, is not free
from these sharks.
Mr.. Robinson has invested million
dollars from his princely fortune, which
is variously estimated from five to
seven millions. Now, it is not to be
wv III Wis uA,S VI
that unprincipled individuals boldly
steal his thunder and advertise largely
and reclilessly the NAME or ROBINSON,
hoping they may succeed in victimi2-
ing the public. Old John Robinson
has issued his cautionary proclamation,
and has had his agents to officially
announce on Saturday, November Is,
that his Great Worlds Exposition will
exhibit in Dallas, and with the only
Giraffe, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros,
monster Elephant, Spiral Horned
Eland, Snow White Yak, Harte
Beeste, Nondescript Taurus, with three
horns and three eyes, Ostrich seven
teen feet high, Cassowary, King Vul-
ture, White Bear and fifty-two cages of
Wild Beasts, of which more are led
through the streets than will be seen
with any other show in this city this
season. Make no mistake good people.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

Go To Franklin II Penn's, Main street, Il
subscribe for any paper or magazine.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06
NOTICE.

| Twin exchange the finest country news
paper aud job office in the State for Dallas
city or county property. on liberal terms.
22ldlw ". rHURMOND.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1873-11-06

IyibItf
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

SENATOR COLES PROSPECTS. - The
movements and prospects Of ex-senator
Cole are still attracting much attention,
principally from the fact that the Presi-
dent is known to be friendly disposed to-
wards him. Some of Coles friends ex-
press confidently the opinion that before
the Summer is over he will receive an ap-
pointment as United States Minister to
Berlin or Vienna. 1t is doubtful whether
he will apply for any Office, on account Of
the expenses Of living in foreign capitals
being so much in excess of the salaries
paid by our Government. However, it
is reported that the President has assured
Cole that he may have any office avaia-
BILE within the gift of the Executive.
Among these various rumors, the report
that he intends to return to California to
practice law in San Francisco still re-
mains uncontradicted. 1t is generally
thought, however, that Mr.. Cole will be
appointed to a foreign mission, and it is
very probable that he will be appointed
to succeed Mr. Low as Minister to China.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

IT is amusing and at the same time
must excite a feeling of honest indigna-
ton and possible disgust, to observe the
course of a few newspapers in this State
who rejoice in the sclf-designated title Of
Independent Press. The San Francisco
Chronicle, which of late for reasons that
we do not propose to discuss here, has
fallen into the ranks under the lead of the
Sacramento Union, daily makes itself
ridiculous by condemning Senator Sar-
gent for rewarding his friends by ap-
pointment to official positions within his
control, and then praising Gov. Booth
for doing exactly the same thing-or
worse. The only difference which we
can observe in the action Of these two
men is, that Booth removes opponents
and appoints friends in order to secure
his election TO the Senate, while Sargent
waited until he was elected before taking
this course.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

WELL SPoKEN.-We make the follow
ing extract from the body of very able
article which appeared in a recent num-
Der of the San Francisco Chronicle -
"There are three things in this world
worth preserving: Republican liberty,
that, having made all men equal and free,
clothes them with political privileges and
power to maintain their equality and
their freedom; free schools, that educate
all, and enable all to read and understand
their rights; their duties and their powers;
free, untrammeled Independent, resolute
press, that dares to write in the interest
of humanity and in defiance of oppression
frOm whatever source it COMES"
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

SUITS AGAINST THE PACIFIC RAIL
RoADs.-A Tribune Washington special
says that Perry and Ashton, the attorneys
of the Government selected to look after
the interests of the United States in the
matter of the Pacific Railroads, are both
there, collecting materials and studying
the facts and history of the roads, prepar-
atory to drafting bill for the purpose of
bringing suits, under the provision of the
bill prepared by the Credit Mobilier
Committee No. 2, and which became n
law only day or two before the adjourn
ment Of Congress. The Attorney-Gen-
eral is in consultation with the attorneys,
but he has not yet decided when the suit
against the companies shall be begun,
nor where the initiatory proceedings shall
take place.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

CUMULATIVE VOTING.- following
item is from the Galveston Ne,0s of late
date: "Under our present charter one
voter can give three votes for one Alder
man instead OF one vote for each Of three
Aldermen, or if he thinks two Of his three
votes will be sufficient to secure the cleo
ton of the Alderman of his first choice,
he can give his third vote to his second
choice, in the hope also Of electing him.
But if he thinks his party strong enough
to elect all the Aldermen, he may give
one vote to each of the three candidates.
The first is called Pumping, the second
dumping, and we suppose the last, or
voting for all, may be called trumping."
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE JAPAN MIssION.--It is learned
officially that Charles DeLong, the United
States Minister to Japan, has not yet ten
dered his resignation, but he will do so
very soon. In fact he has been notified
that his resignation will be accepted.
Senator Jones, of Nevada, will urge the
appointment of Joseph r. Goodman, of
the Territorial Enterprise, Of Virginia
City, New, to succeed DeLong. 1t is
understood that the Pacific Coast Sena-
tors will add their influence to that of
Senator Jones.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE INCREASE OF SALARIES. = Our
delegation in Congress, says the Stockton
Independent, has been severely censured
for voting to raise the salaries of Con-
gressmen, and particularly for increasing
the salaries of the members of the last
Congress. 1t appears that the act in
ereasing the salaries of members also
abolishes the mileage system, and thereby
really reduces the compensation of mem
bers from this coast. 1t is claimed that
the saving made to the Government by
abolishing the franking privilege and the
mileage system will exceed the amount
required to pay the increased salaries by
about $500, 900 per annum.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

CIVIL SERVICE REFoRM.-A Wash
ington special to the New York Tribune
says although there is an honest determ-
ination among some officials 20 carry out
the system Of civil service reform, now
nominally in force, the belief is gaining
ground every day at Washington that
the regulations formed by the Board are
binding on nobody unless the superior
officials in the several departments and
bureaus are disposed to make them So
1t has not been learned that the President
contemplates filing the places on the Ad-
yisory Board, made vacant by the resig
nation Of George w. Curtis, and the APP
pointment of Cattell as General Treasury
Agent in Europe, and the Board will
probably be allowed to die.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

NEW COINAGE BILL.-The new Coin
age Act went into effect April lst. The
Mint of the United States is established
as Bureau of the Treasury Department,
embracing in its organization and having
under its control all mints for the manu-
facture of coin and all assay offices for
the stamping of bars. The chief officer
Of the Bureau is denominated the Direct
or Of the Mint, and is under the general
direction Of the Secretary of the Treasu-
ry. He is to hold his office for five years,
unless sooner removed by the President,
upon reasons to be communicated by him
to the Senate. DR.. Linderman will be
appointed to this office, having been con-
nected with the Mint in responsible po-
sitions for the last twenty years to the
entire satisfaction of the Government.
The term of Branch Mint is abolished,
and the Mints at Philadelphia, San Fran
cisco, Carson and Denver will be known
as separate establishment. Those who
are now Directors of Mints will hereafter
bear the name Superintendent. The Of
fees of Treasurer of the Mints in Phila-
delphia, San Francisco and New Orleans
are to be vacated, and the Assistant Treas
urer at New Y ork will cease to perform
the duties Of Treasurer of the Assay Of
fee. The duties of Treasures will de-
volve upon Superintendents, and Treas
urers are to act only as Assistant Treas
urer Of the United States. The salary
Of Assistant Treasurer at New York is
not to be diminished by the vacation of
his office as Treasurer Of the Assay Office.
The other Assay Offices are at Charlotte,
North Carolina, and Boise City, Idaho.
There is no change in the gold coinage,
but in the silver coinage there is to be
new trade dollar. The two-c cent piece is
too be abolished, the minor coins being
five, three and one cent pieces. SO much
of the Sundry Civil Expenses Act of 1870
as provides that until after the compile
ton and occupation of the Branch Mint
building in San Francisco, it shall be
lawful to exchange at any Mint or Branch
Mint of the United States, unrefned or
impaired bullion, whenever, in the opinion
OF the Secretary of the Treasury, it can
be done with advantage to the Govern
ment, is repealed.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

PETRIFIED HUMAN BODIES. - The
Antioch Ledger relates the remarkable
fact that in removing the remains of the
dead from the old to new cemetery in
that town il was disooyared that the bodies
of VIM. Wyatt and child were petrifed.
Mr.. Wyatt died ten years since, and
weighed about two hundred pounds.
Those who removed the remains judged
that the same would now weigh between
four and five hundred pounds.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE Eastern freight shipments of the
Central Pacific Railroad from California
for the month Of February were as fol-
lows, in pounds: Wine, 147,8O4; wool,
$40 23l; tea, 32S ,S54; silk, 42,451; leather,
ll4,7l3; -four, 80, 900; coffee, 422, ,43l; hops,
$500; merchandise, 80, 1853; furs and skin,
6,6O3; salmon, l51 ,965; glue, 42, ,S65; beans,
ISL; quicksilver, 59,94O; walnuts, 30,-
l57; wheat, 100000. Total, 2,2OO,Sl2.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

Ir is well known fact that Dyspepsia
and Indigestion are the causes of nearly
all the diseases that the human body is
heir to ; then why pay enormous Doctors
bills ? BY using DR.. Henley celebrated
l X l. Bitters they can be thoroughly
eradicated from the system and new life
impaired to the sufferer. Read physi-
clans certificates in advertisement in
another column.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE POSTAL CAR QUEsTIoN.-Offieial
information received at the PostOffice
Department shows that the controversy
on the Postal Car question has been
greatly nagnifed in importance. Out of
iif eight railroads which move po tai
cars only seven have demurred to the new
schedule of prices established by Con-
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE net profits Of the London and San
Francisco Bank for the year past were
500, 200 twenty per cent. of the
capital of $3 100000. Milton S. Latham,
who is Manager of this bank in San
francisco, gave a dinner to "A few friends
tae other day, which the Chronicle styles
reating up the pI ofts.N
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

GENERAL DUCRoT recently stated to
a correspondent at Paris that the repub
lie WAS failure and the only safety for
France was in the restoration Of the
n on trchy or empire, and that she must
hght again. THE S, in his opinion, would
attempt to prolong his term till his death.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05
gress

THE late executive order of the Presi-
dent, prohibiting persons Ia the Govern
ment service from holding local or State
offices, will shortly be modified in respect
to Postmastors that any Of the latter who
receive less than $1,000 may hold local
offices. AS the order now stands, no
Postmaster whose salary exceeds 5000
can hold local office.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

CoNsIsTENcY.-On year ago the Sac
lamento UniOn opposed the Apportion-
ment bill before the Legislature and
urged its defeat, claiming it was "rail-
road measure" The Sacramento Union
now charges the Railroad Company with
defeating the Apportionment Bill be-
cause it didn't suit the company. Oh /!
Consistency thou art jewsl
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

REFUsEs.-Senator Kelly, of Oregon,
noby refuses to take any back pay under
the bill raising Congressional salaries.
lie finds out by fguring that by retaining
bis mileage instead, it makes difference
o. 5000 IN his favor.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

ALAMEDA COUNTY SEAT. - AT the
election held in Alameda county last Sat
urday, u decide whether the county seat
should remain at San Lcandro or be re-
moved to Oakland, the latter place came
of yiet0ripus 10y a majority of 98l.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

GENERAL SHERMAN has received let
ter from General ScofeId, dated at Hon
olulu, wherein he says that he was about
to start for San Francisco, and that he
would be accompanied by the new king
Of the Sandwich Islands, who proposed
making a tour of the United States for
the purpose of studying our institutions,
with a view to adopting them in his own
country.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

II is understood that an order has been
issued from the Treasury, directing the
detention of the whole amount Of earnings
OF the Union and Central Pacific Rail-
rpads for m il and transportation service.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

JoHN DEYiNE, alias "The Chicken" +"
was. on his second tlial, again found
guilty Of mu.d1r in the first degree, in
San Francisco, and has been sentenced
70 be hanged ON Friday, May 9th. His
counsel have moved for another trial.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05
Meekly Triaitv aoarnal.
OUR AGENTS :

THOS. BOYCE, Room No. 30. New
Merchants Exchange Building, San Fran
cisco. is our only authorized agent in that city.
NEW YORK. ;-Iiudson & Menet, Al Park
Row: Gee. 2. Rowell & Co., 40 Park Row S
NJ. Pettingil 4 Co.. 81 Park Row.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05
ST. 900 TO $4,000 A YEAI Y, 4

men and women can secure First Glass
business in the exclusive sale of works by
Henry Ward Beeeher, William Cullen
Bryant, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Grace
Greenwood, etc. Try this Business
For terms write at once to j. b. Ford &
Co., Pine ~ Kearney streets, San Fran
cisco, ap5-3m-f.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE franking privilege recently abol-
ished by Congress fourished to the green
old age Of eighty years, having been en-
acted in 1892, during Washington's adj
nIinistration.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

The Commission on British and Amer
ictn Claims disposed of fifteen cases last
week, awarding about $4,000. The com
mission have thus far settled 259 cases,
leaving 2IS on the docket.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE announcement is made that Geo.
Wm. Curtis resigned about two weeks
ago from the Advisory Civil Service
Board. His resignation has been ac-
routnd
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

Col Tom SCOTT, the Pennsylvania
Railroad King, is reported to have pur-
chased the Southern Pacific Railroad OF
this State, paying 81, 200, 900 therefor.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE Police Court of San Francisco is
full of business. On Monday last, no less
than 9s. offenders were arraigned.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

DR.. s. Tyler, a son of sx-President
Tyler, is lecturing in San Francisco on
Temperance.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

Az injured San Francisco maiden Of
sixty Summers has brought suit to re-
cover S299 90 damages for breach Of
promise.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

For thevery best Photographs, go to Bradley
& RulOfson's Gallery without Stairs. B8~ AS
CEND IN TIE ELEVATOR, i20 Montgomery
Street San Francisco. 9.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

The State Medical Society will meet
in Sacramento on the 9th of April. Pro-
fessor Gilman, of the State University,
will deliver an address.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

FREIGHT from Redding to Yreka is
four cents from Redding TO Weaveryille.
three cents.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE Pennsylvania Legislature has APP
proprated 81, 900, 900 for the Centennial
Exhibition.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

SENATOR JONES, of Nevada, contem-
plates the erection of 800, 900 mansion
in Washington, according to late tele-
gram from that city.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

THE French Government is sending
strong reinfOrccments to the troops now
stationed on the Spanish frontier.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05

JNo. FoLLANsBEE, of Shasta, will
deliver an Grafton at the Odd Fellows
celebration at Tehama on the 26th.
Weekly Trinity journal., 1873-04-05
SATURDAY. APRIL 3, IsS3.

SAN FRANCIsco has the measles to the
extent Of 2909eases.