Delaware Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1843-1874, 1873-10-23

ic live stock, was empty, aud the cattle had to
e driven two cr three miles daily for the fresh
'ater. -
Salt water from the ocean could have beeh
blamed much nearer. The barn is a large one
nd Is provided with a manure cellar UNDER
eath. The droppings fall through grated floors {,
nto the cellar, and both u liquid and the solid v
manure is applied to the land with the neces- 9
airy implements. The floors Of the cattle stalls
re Uttered with pewter sard for bedding, that :
Irticle not being worth five cents quart there,
Is 1t Is here. The soil Of the farm is not sand,
however, and judging from It's dry, hard ap,
pearknce, should think 1t largely composed
Of clay. The very heavy rains which had SO
recently and so generally prevailed over the
country had not been in sufficient quantity to
reach the springs here. l think have read
somewhere that undertaking is OF equal SER
vice in times Of drought, as the water from be-
low will rise to the surface. l could not see
that this effect had been produced.
In the barn was a large fine bull, and about
twenty head Of young stock of both sexes and
different ages, all looking very well. They
were kept in the stalls and soiled, while the |
milk cows, over thirty in number, were pastur- |
ed In the fields. We were informed, however, |
that only thirty were being MIXED at present, |
and that the quantity of butter made the pre-.
vious week was 197 pounds, being an aver
age of triae ever 1-2 pounds per COW for the
week.
And now we come to the dairy house. The
room in which the pool for deep cans is built,
is about four feet under ground, and ten feet
square. The pool is ten feet long, thirty in
ches wide and two feet deep, holding, find by
| calculation, All gallons, over IS barrels Of
water by wine measure, II gallons to the bar
| rel.
The spring from which the water is taken
/ is just outside of the building, in front Of the
| summing Shelf and the surface OF the water in
| the spring, as nearly as could estimate by the
| eye, and as well rs | could understand from
what was told me, was seventy-fye feet below
the surface OF the ground. The water drawn
| to fill the pool from this well is with the ordi-
nary rope, bucket and windlass. Estimating
the bucket TO hold three gallons and a man 10
| draw twenty buckets an hour, 1t Will take q
hours TO fill the pool, ord IL hours TO i'll it
three-fourths full, which is about as it should
be before any milk is put in.
Owing to the labor required in hlling the
pool the water is not changed very frequently
and charcoal Is used to keep 1t pure.
The water in the pool is undertaken TO be
kept at the proper temperature, 50 degrees, by
means of ice thrown into the water. But this
had not been attended to that day, and found
the water to be SO degrees in which the deel
cans were standing, just the same as WAS til,
| temperature of the air In other parts of TIN
: room.
d coanvea in the pool fifteen cans, which ar,
IS eight inches in diameter and twenty-five inche
!. deep, and was told they held twenty quart
l. each-making 800 quarts of milk in the 10 can:
i This was the milk of the evening and morDin
+ previous to our arrival, making an average c
ten quarts per day for the so cows At thi
u, rate the amount of milk yielded in wee
~ would be 2l00 quarts making 1877 pounds {
" butter, and requiring over 10 1-2 quarts Of mil
to make pound Of butter.
~ The milk is skinned after standing "a hour
j. while it Is yet sweet, and the cream is churne
~ twice week, and thi, no doubt is the gre
re cause Of the excellence of the butter-for
must be good 10 command ST. per pound "
III were not shown sample, the churning hayiI
he been done the day before and The butter sent
r. the Newport and Boston markets the mornil
10 before our arrival. The cream was not kept
n, the pool with the milk, but was suspended
the well.
-. do not know how tho skipmng is done
~ cans OF such small diameter, as we did not 5
~ the operation performed. Neither could We
M certain the thickness ofthe cream in the car
&c, Evidently the ordinary skinner could not
las used in cans of such small surface eYposu
and he cream must he either dipped or pour
off, II il does not rise 10 the thickness Of
Of least three inches on the surface in can %
'm ches deep, shall pronounce the deep can 81
les TEN a selfevident failure. Another thing
TT The quantity of ice which would be required
keep such body of water at the proper lei
perature when 300 quarts of new milk at a te
ur pera'ure OF about 30 degrees are daily miners
en- In 1t, must be very considerable. The near,
m ice house to the farm was two miles distal
Dt- sAN4- .Io,
ga carry the ice necessary to keep it cool, I
IN. work will keep one man fully employed all t
ost time.
IN In ogden Farm Papers s." in the Septeml
III number of the AgTicuturiSi, it is stated 81
are santially, that 'aer two years trial of the,de
e. AZ.
"a farmer who continues to use shallow pans
~ he can use deep cans, Is an old fogy.'
9r, This is certainly plain talk. Beacon Ste
Ike Farm and the Solebury Farmers Club N
les look to their laurels.
oh In the experiment of Ezra Kitchener il
sen peared that there was a loss of eight pounds
my fifty, or 10 per cent, in setting milk Is incl
WIS deep versus four inches deep, both vessels st.
ar ding on the same floor, and neither of them
III mersed in water. What the effect in irlme
en ing in water would be in changing this resll
ui cannot say. Next season / intend giving
us deep can system thorough trial and will
port the result l have never yet seen the
asc suit of single experiment coming out In ia,
' nc of deep setting, where both the quantity ofm
oe set aud the amount Of butter made were ace
ately weighed. But they have always been
az the eflect that safer trial | feel cohy nee
'es or think, that deep setting produces iaore b
~ W ter with great less trouble no figures bel
~ ~ given.
VI The churning as has previously been stat,
vas is done twice week, and We noticed seve
different kinds of churns in and around the d
~. ~ ry house. The one which appeared to he
VI man standby was the old Fashioned bar
." churn with a crank at each end. The chui
- ing is not done by horse power.
~ We were shown a new churn, Billiard
rs which was said to be good. The ohurn sou
~ what resembles cradle, and is put on a roc
''e ing horse and rocked by hand until butt
30, comes. The churning may perhaps Ibe son
'o what easier for women, but | should think IN
49, would prefer different motion. The advania
csc claimed for 1t is that il churns all the crea
,,,, alike and more perfectly separates the butt
an. leaving no cream partly churned. As we
ns. not see it In operation cannot form an opini
;nn of its merits.
rs We also noticed many different kinds of bt
. - ter prints, one OF which was entirely new to
,yo a block of wood (apple tree some other la
III wool) about six inches long, is turned TO "a pt
S"' fec. cylinder. hole is then bored through
l. r endwse, about four inches in thickness.
,ds block of wood to fit, containing the print cary
IT,, on one end, is dropped into the mould, the
!. manning space being filled with the butter al
80 pressed firmly down on the print, and stru
,ro squarely off even with the top of OF the moul
oJ while the sides of the pound are held firmly
on position. Then invert the mould, push o.
y" the print, and the pound of butter handsome
nt printed drops ont on the wrapping cloth
> half or quarter-pound prints are desired, blocl
proportioDately longer are used. In this W,
butter can be sold by measure, and it nigh H.
move the necessity Of weighing, Certainly il
-. good contrivance for printing soft butter
eh Fssey syine are bred on Ogden Farm "