New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1873-08-27

the line OF separation between che olfactory crus or
hemsphersI nssure dvldes the tive cerebral hemis-
pheres and although in cnrnivora the true assures
though IL has clearly defined borders. yet neither OF
these features exist with berbivora. The SYLVAN
'1 The P Hs Re " and is manner
nation Is somewhat peculiar.
| FORMATION OY FIssuRRs.
There be doubt that all brains, even the mo,t
deeply urrowed smooth at earlier stage oil de-
veiopmcnt Although they look like clofts or depressons
in the brain mass IL probable that the assures are the
result of difference in the raPidty OF growth Of differ
ent parts certain points or lines renahng i r
| assures.
large superficial cerebral vessels often lie IN the
ssures but that this merely coincidence, and not
cause is indicated by the frequent departure OF these
which marks the of large russell across Tod
has generally regular form with better defined
| any agency IN the formation OF assures ~
In order to describe the variations OF assures In diner
ent brains they must be identified. Having no true
structural features they present tests OF homoogy
1; Position in relation to internal structure t's lne
assures determined. Their connections, branches
length. and general direction Of little value Aid Is
always be had by comparison with simpler brains OF
allied speces with the brains OF young OF tne se
species The extent of variation In length direction
and connections which may exist without invaIdAtng
their homolOgy is most readily seen by comparing the
corresponding assures upon the two halves OF brain
1t appears that long assure may be represented by
several short aud disconnected ones that branches
may not exist at either end these branches are al
invariably dichotemous that two assures wholly
separate in the fGtus, and in other species may unite
either directly branch. Good examples OF this
the lateral and cOr0na ssures which are perfectly
distinct In the fetus in some ADULTS ana on one sue
only of others, but which show tendency 10 untei
ma ked constaney in.the location ana direction OF q
branch may as In this case indicate the point oi uhon
SPECIAL FIssUREs.
The most constant OF all is the SYLVAN In adults 1t
generally nearly straight line dorsa and backward
with rarely branch. although the eco-sylyan often
Joins it, But in fetal BRAIN as OF cat, dog ana WOi IL
appears as crescenhc furrow surrounding the above
mentioned Island OF Rel :" by the gradual eeya.
ton and approximation OF the anterior aud posteri0r
horns of the crescentc fold outside Of the furfow this
island is at length wholly covered and only vertical
slit is left.
The frontal is very constant. beng absent In para
dOJurus only appears In figure OF Geryas III nsn
of the hemisphere, branched and usually straight
as on the right de OF 6eaT ay Ss
lateral sometimes forward. less often backward Inc
The eco-rhina always points forwards it is short and
mostly hidden by the ofactory lobe In cats but long ana
exposed In dogs and foxes.
The lateral supersyvian and ectosylviaD assures are
raceabe with many carniyOra, but where only Two OF
them present. It is always apparent which they are
pearance in fetal brains but there unexpected
differences between nearly allied FORMS and the CORE
sfve additions IN different species of the same genlsis
less satisfactory than could be wished. .,,,.,
Canid6 the posteror horn of the osylvlan
tends to join the SYLVAN, but is generally continuous
assure. In domestic cats. however, II Is as rule inter
Tnpied above and consists only OF anterior and pos
terror horn. This difference ~ remarkable IN view OF
the fact that IN total wolf dog the assure ia deeper
at its center and indicates difference in the manner OF
formation, which lessons the value generally ascbed 10
OF the carnvorous families, only Canidg and Fetid0
are represented in this collection by species and speci
sural pattern The frontal region is always longer in
Candle while u the feline brain the frontal assure Is
very the 'front.' the ectorhina wholly uncovered
by the ofacOry lobe and is longer than In common cats
and the oheeah but in the hon 1t Is more as N dogs
The interrupted ectOsylvan is so general In felide
that tempted 10 accept 1t as characteristic OF the
family but aside from our ignorance OF most species
interruption appears upon several dogs Drains
while in others there Is, AS IL were top piece con
Meeting the otherwise separated oornua, indicating
departure from the manner and formation IN wild
CANDIDA. -, -, A.
hyena and other carnovora, IL IS sufficient TO say hat
the difficulty Of making an exact comparison OF Their
assures with those of either dogs cats together with
the fact that we have put slhsle specinen Vi eaon'
wholly prevents conclusion respecting tner chdrac-
terisc ssura patterns so long as sueh conclusion can
not be reached from larger number oil fehd9 anu
Gambia -, -, .,-. souo
and cOntortOns of the primary assures when pre-
walls with the heI bivorous brains an torori argu-
pretty careful study Of the specimens AT my eomman
and the consultation OF all works In when Drains are
accurately deneated feel justified IN asserting that
cannot yet characterize the hssura pattern any
mammalian order family, genus species without
cuson; that studies IN this direction should be
based upon the careful comparison OF accurate drawings
OF much larger number oil specimens than now exists
i'll any museum that nearly allied forms OF carlvoIa
should be compared; ard that tue most Satisfactory re-
suits obtainable from large series OF fetal and
young brains OF the Species and Il possible, family
and sex in order TO eliminate minor differences.
Mr. Gill remarked upon the widespread faith In phre
noogy, and thought the Association should permit some
expression here of the general reputation OF by nat
uraliss. Prof. Wilder had suggested that instead Of
there being the slightest evidence in favor of phreno
ogy there forced upon him the opinion that specific
parts Of the brain have specific functons but that
the mind uses the whole brain, it uses the hand. The
amount Of convolutions the size, the total expansion
might be OF the capacity OF the brain for the
work that mind could obtain from it, but these con-
sue no evidence Of the exercise of specific functions
| THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY IN CEN
| TRIAL PARK EEw-YoRK-DY DR. ALBERT S. BICKMoRE.
The generous and publicspred citizens OF New-lork
have felt for many years the need OF Museum OF Natu
raj History with appropriate library the whole TO be
Oh a scale commensurate with the Importance OF me-
tropoltan city and which should foster and encour
age the studies OF naturalsts and afford them suitable
and extensive facilities for their In adyan-
tage was taken of remarkable opportunity for obtain
ing what might prove the nucleus OF the collections for
| a comprehensive museum. Edouard Verreaux Of Paris,
the most dealer such articles in the world
left the hands Of his widow an accumulation OF seen
tidc specimens worth at his selling prces SlO0O gold
The collection especially rich IN East Indian and
Australian specimens ana those oDtaee IA hica TerS
he had been aided by the French Government HIS col
lectons been largely increased by exchanges But
on the other hand he died in deb and his specimens
were mortgaged. IL decided to embrace this 0ppOr
tunity for procuring good starting point for museum
sGch az have described in NewY9rk, and $4,000 were
Immediately subscribed, and since then about slOOOO
mas been contributed money toward the general object
The total value of the present accumulation of speci
| mems, including the foregoing, cannot be far from
$4,000 rare and nearly complete collection of Amer
lean birds and foreign birds Of rarity have been pur
| chased. Another collection purchased was That OF
! Prince Maximillian of Neuweid on the Rhine above
| Bonn-not Macmillan OF Austria and Mexico. His son.
| at the death Prince Ma1imlian sold all the spee
mems which the father had collected in exploring Brazil
from Rio Bahia The specimens had never been exposed
10 view during the life time Of the father and were found
10 include many types of species, rendering IT, as
has been asceraIned since purchase OF extraordinary
value. All the Macmillan and yerreaux specimens
| are now on exhibition at Central Park.
The trustees Of the Museum property are body cor
norate having unrestricted control over by law Inn
rcd I'm number to 49, the survivors having power "
| All every vacancy. The Department OF Public Parks
i Ian and hnilhings. which