davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06
Humorous,

THE scientific conundrum of the day
is What did 10 die of? Iodide of
potassium.
"HAvE you heard my last soDg?"
asked music writer of a gruff critic.
81 hope so, was the reply.
THOUGH Shakespeare positively doth affirm it,
And to dispnte it may not be discreet,
Yet 1 cannot believe that which call flour
By any other name would smell as wheat.
AN Iowa editor wrote "During the
past week we have been visiting the So
Ions of the country ;" and his constant
subscribers think that is a funny way to
spell " saloons.
"THERE l'' said Jones, as he wrath
fully pushed away the pie which his
landlady had just served him, that
stuff isn't fit for a pig to eat, and amt
going to eat it !"
OFF and on. The man who gets off
may get offer, but he can't hope to
reach the superlative; while the man
who gets on, we are told, may get honor,
and, by possibility, honest.
AT hotel-tab1e one boarder remarked
to his neighbor, This must be a
healthy place for chickens" "Why?"
asked the other. Because I nevar see
any dead ones hereabouts."
A MAN in blouse-scene Paris, of
course-presents bottle of perfume to
his beloved, saying "When you smell
this you will regret that your Greater
did not make you all nose.
A DRY-GooDs merchant of Hartford
was asked how he spent his evenings.
His reply was, "At night I store my
mind, and during the day I mind my
store" He was alive at last accounts.
CATCHING q little TARTAR So you
don't care about donkey-riding, Miss.
And why ?" "Oh, I'Ue got pony, and
one doesn't care about donkeys after
that, you know 70 elias a pony got
more legs than donkey, then ?'' Missy
(who don't like to be chafed)-" Yes;
exactly tlOice as MANY as some donkeys
that know of. !"
JONES dropped in at closed bar the
other day and purchased glass of his
favorite beverage. AS he munched the
customary Glove, he observed that the
bartender had returned him short
change "Well," said the gentleman
of the shirt front and diamond pin,
"wen owe it to you. But what
kind of security can you give me?"
asked the wary Jones. Suppose
you take lean on the bar" was the
reply.
A WOODWARD avenue business man
found counterfeit 50-cent scrip among
his currency, the other day, and he put
it in his vest, and that afternoon gave it
to a little girl begging on the streets:
When he came back from tea, he found
the same piece of scrip in the drawer
again, and, questioning his clerk, he
learned that little girl had brought it
in. bought stick of gum, and gone
away with 40 cents good money. That
bank has suspended on currency pay
ment to beggars. Detroit Free Press.
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06
EATON OHIO THURSDAY, NOVEMBER g. 1878.
answered, 'tbut I should not like to

answered, "but I should not like to
leave my guard
Nonsense, nonsense, man-the guard
will be all right; you must come in"
This must he said in quite deter
mined tone.
I felt desperate, and again declared
that I thought I should be wrong to
leave my guard.
"I'n take the responsibility, said the
he grasped my arm, and almost dragged
me into the porch of his quarters.
When we entered the house and were
exposed to the light of the hall lamps, I
fancied I saw a slight twinkle in the eye
of the officer, and L began to wonder
whether he really knew of my predica-
ment, and wished to have his joke. He
gave no other intimation, however, that
saw, but quickly took off his cloak,
and said that had better do the same.
Seeing me hesitate, he said, "Come,
look alive off with it"
Further remonstrance I found would
be useless, SO that there was no help for
me but full confession. Summoning
my courage, and fearing to hesitate, I
blurted out, "Colonel, I've no trows-
ers on"
"The deuce you haven't l'' he said.
Well, you'd better go and put them
on, and then come here as soon as pos
sible, and have a glass of something
warm"
Irushed out of the quarters, half de-
termined not to return. L was fully awake
now, and shivered like half-drowned
dog but no sooner had 1 dressed my
self than the Colonel came over o sny
that a quadrille-was waiting for me.
I determined to put bold face ON the
matter, ard entered the drawihg-room,
where a party of about fifty had as
sembled. It was evident by the titters of
the young ladies, the grins of the men,
and the subdued smiles of the dowagers
that my story was known.
The Colonel had told it as good joke
to the Major, who had whispered it to
his wife, she had breathed it into the
ear of two of her friends, and III about
knew young subaltern had unwillingly
gone his rounds in his night-shirt.
As long as stayed in that garrison L
was standing joke. When the girls
saw me they always looked away and
smiled, and it seemed as impossible for
me to obtain a serious answer from any
of them as for clown to preach SER
mon. They even seemed to be afraid to
dance with me, fearing, as L afterwards
heard, to look at my legs, lest I might
be deficient in some article of raiment.
I soon exchanged and went into an
other regiment; and years afterwards
heard my own adventure related in a
crowded drawing groom, all the details of
the story being true except the name of
the prisoner-my misfortune having
been attributad to an unfortunate fall.
I never went to bed on guard after
that night. -Charieg Cross.
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06
LICENSED, FOR WHAT.

Licensed-to make the strong man weak
Licensed-to lay the wise man low;
Licensed-a wifeis fond heart to break,
And make the children's tears to fiow-
Licensed-to do thy neighbor harm,
Licensed-to kindle hate and strife;
Licensed-to nerve the robbers arm;
Licensed to whet the mui derer's knife.
Licensed-thy neighbor's purse to DRUM,
And rob him of his very last:
Licensed-to heat his feverish brain
Till madness crowns thy work at last.
Lcensed-like spider for fly,
To spread thy nets for man, thy prey;
To mock his struggles, suck him dry,
Then cast the worthless hulk away.
Licensed-where peace and quiet dwell,
To bring disease and want and woe;
Licensed-to make this world hell,
And fit man for a hell below.
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06
Two Dollars per Annum, in Advance.

and the improvement of water communica-
tions between the interior and seaboard, the
same to be owned and operated by the general
Government, for the purpose of affording
cheap and ample transportation, and to pro-
tect the people from the exactions of monopo-
lies"
1t should be stated, in justice to the
Convention and the class it represented,
that the resolution was declared adopted
on 0t0n Uoce vote, although the noes
appeared about as numerous as the
H1LRH
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06

M1cH1aAN's Constitutional Cenven-
ton has adopted clause prohibiting
railway companies from giving free
passes to any but railway operatives.
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06
TFrom the CHICAGO Tribune. Oct. 25.l

From ITIDune,
The Farmers Convention, before its
final adjournment Thursday evening,
passed the following resolution, prac-
tical Endorsement of which is now
sought in the National Board of Trade.
I'VE demand the construction of railroads
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06

GLASS bonnets have appeared. They
are formed of a tissue woven by fine
glass threads, and may be said to be the
glass of fashion fitted to the mold of
form. Ladies who wear them must
deny themselves the pleasure of CRITICS.
ing their neighbors, on the principle
that it is dangerous for those who live
in glass houses to throw stones.
In Paris smooth hair is the fashion,
although some ladies destroy the beauty
of the new arrangement by FASTING
"cats' paws on either side of the face
Eaton weekly Democrat. [volume] (Eaton, Ohio) 1866-1875, 1873-11-06

THE scientific conundrum of the day
is: What did 10 die of? Iodide of
potassium.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1873-07-12

tortoise, The Ibis, in a lc,, ingenious but
( equally effective manner, cheats the night
hawk
Once ON q time the night hawk spoke like
/ people. His shirt was very pretty, because
! II was 30 red but the ibis shirt was black
and ugly. The ibls looked ut the night hawk
and was pleased with the nghthawk's shirt
| The ibis came 10 the side of the nigh-hawk
" Lend thy shirt to me- he said to the night
! hawk. Why dost thou wish to borrow my
shirt The ibis answered: wish to amuSc
myself; and go to dance" Until whcn:''
the nighthawd asked. TO thi, the ibis an.
/ Swcrcd; Until three days after" The night
hawk took of his shirt and gave it to the
IBIS. Here it Is, do not cheat me- ! await
/ thee The ibis went away; never did he re-
turn; he went completely away from the
/ night.hawk; never did he appear in his sight
again. The night-hawk Wcpt; he cried and
said: Ibis, bring back my shirt to me-
Always he cried on account OF the ibis.
This IS why the nighthawk goes clad in
sOmbrc attire, while the ibis is of cav plum.
age, and perhaps it is to answer the question
" Why is the ibis rcd:' that the fable was
invcntcdi If So ii goes into Il large class-as.
for instance the class containing the fable
which makes the aspen SILVER because it fur.
ulNhed wood for the cross of Christ; the one
which marks the haddoCk with A thumband-
finger mark, because Saint Peter held him by
the right hand, and took the tribute money
from the tish'> mouth with the left and a
thousand other similar tancics, known TO
more ambitious poets than those of the cave
and hut and hcarthStonc, as we'll as to these
We do not know enough of our Tupi to guess
whether the demand of the night-hawll for
his shirt resembles his natural cry, and Prof
Hart does not inform us.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1873-07-12
FAMOUS bks.t>S~
~i"rir- Which Appear CoinIa.s )" the Humar
Race


The N0f,"D SAYS: Curious - il may be- II
wa, entirely 10 be expected that far away un
der the equator, on the banks of the Amazon
ian streams, the investigator of folklore
>hould come upon the same tales that are
told 10 children in nursery rOOTaS under the
Arctic circle. tn" adventure OF our Jack
the Giant Killer, who challenged the Welsh
giant % eat with him, PSof IIara heard rcla.
ted in Tupi language in a Brazilian forest
the " kurupiraS - are anthropomorphic wood.
spirits characterized by reverse feet, who lead
the traveller cStray, perhaps TO destruction,
hut who, though generally malciCcnt, some
Zines do man "A good turn, many myths re.
late how the hunter has been presented by
one ct them with unerriag arrows that can
not miss the mark. Man NAV sometimes out
wit them: and it is told of one of them that
a hunter played on him lack the Giant Xii
lcr'> trick, and induced him to cut himself
open aud thus commit suicide 80. too, the
Iupi oIara, or water-Spric, like the mermaid
and lurly of Northern mythology, enticeS hu-
man beings To her home beneath the water
Again, the AmaZOnian Indians narrate the
story Of a match at running between tor
toiSc and a deer The former stations her
relatives along the course at short distances,
/ ami beats her antagonist-"A fable found
also IN Africa and Siam remarks Prot. Harl
! ''"lih dl>o III lllc NCd lNlaiiI>. WI VIII autl,
and substantially the fable everywhere found
which illustrates the general truth that the
race = not always To- the swift. The swan
maiden the Indians have also; only with
them It Is a dress Of parrot feathers that the
spirit lays aside; she is seized hy a man he
lore she can resume IL, and becomes his wife
and the mother 81 a new tribe. Beast and
bird myths, Prof Hart found numerous in
the 1upi One Of these is about second
wise tortoise. He wagcrS with big fish that
he can pull the hSh ashore, and then going
toa tapir, he wagcrs that ne can pull the
tapir into the water. The tapir and the tor.
tois0 then proceed TO the waters edge. where
the fish awaits the contest, and the tortoise
tying both Of them together with Sipo, wins
the wager, for, after a long struggle, both fish
and tapir confess themselves exhausted by
The cndcaYor which. Is they suppose, he has
mail" a,a.l,' be etor, uf The I-"-~picaCiou-
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1873-07-12
THE BLAZE- on THE HEART.
ny SAMUEL SLICK, jim.

ny SAMUEL SLICK, diN.
Then goodbye Joe; you've gone, I'm 'oii,
Away to the far-oh West;
And the old folks say, and the Deacon, too,
They're sure it's all for the best
For the cursed dram.shOp spoiled you, Joe,
And never could be your wife;
Yet I'm most afraid, in spite o, myself
I'll love you all my life.
Day and night,
Night and day
Ever IN sight
Never away,
Joe, dear Joe.
often think of the days of old
When We tapped the maple tree,
And you sworo the sap warn't half as sweet
As the kiss you stole from me
think of the walks through the Lcnluck wood
To the mectn house with YOU;
But the stars somehow, don't shine SO bright,
And the sky don't seem so blue
Day and night,
Night and day,
Ever In sight,
Never away,
Joe, dear Joe.
The blaze you made on the juniper-trcc,
Long years will wear away,
But the blaze you've left on my heart VIII last
Till age has turned me gray.
For can't forget; when | shut my eyes,
You're sure to come TO view,
Til | kinder wish for an endless sleep,
one last long dream of YOU
Day and night,
Night and Day,
Ever in sight,
Never away,
Joe, dear joe
a hackwOodsman's luaIi. on e trcc--,Aow'
that some chaps been along that way before
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1873-07-12

a hackwOodsman's luali. on e trcc--,AOw
that some chaps been along that way before.
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
Proposals for Purchase.

Sealed proposals will be also received as aforesaid
for the purchase of the whole any portion of said
parcel Of flats for cash. the purchaser TO bud said
sea-wal and do said filling according to said plans
and specifications, and to perform all the obligations
OF the Commonwealth to the City of Boston in re-
lation to said parcel under the Indenture of Four
Parts made between the said Commonwealth, the
Boston and Albany Railroad Company, the Boston
Wharf Company, and the City of Boston, dated June
23d, 1873.
The right to reject any and all proposals is reserved
by the Board of Barbor Commissioners and their
ceptance is subject to the approval of the Governor
and Council.
Proposals must be endorsed Proposals in relation
to the South Boston Flats" sealed up and directed
the chairman of the Board
For the Board of Harbor Commissioners.
Jy22d1m JOSIAH QUINCY, Chairman.
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
PORTLAND & OGDENSBURG r.
SUMMER ARRANGEMENT

On and after Monday, July 7tb. and
further notice, trains will RIM
eG -.=i.-zsas follows: W." Luz
Leave Portland for North Conway at 7.1O A NJ.
12 20 P. M. and $50 P. NJ. a. ava y
Leave North Conway for Portland at 6.45 NJ.
1885 and $50 p. M. " w.
Connections by 1920 P. NJ. train from Portland
with Stages at Baldwin for Cornish, Porter. Kezsr
Falls, Freedom, N. H.; at Brownieid for iienmarls
and Bridgton; at Fryeburg for Lowell and North
ell with steamer at Sebago for Naples. Rr;daton.
North Bridgton, Harrison and Waterford.
Stages leave North Conway daily for Crawf ord
House and Glen House. oia"ioi1
The 6.45 A. M. and 1926 P. M. from No. Conway
connect in Portland with Boston e. Maine u ssy
Boston. arriving in season for all lines South and
Trains leave Portland from B. & M r. r Statim.
j. HAMILTON, Superintendsnt
Portland July 8, 1878. W.,
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
EASTERN & MAINE CENTRAL RAIL
ROADS.
SUMMER ARRANGEMENT,
lilly 81 1873

Passenger trains leave Portland dai.
se.sseeassssss1y, for Portsmouth and Boston, Sun
eKeepte az a. p t63 70 a. a.
P. M.
Leave Bangor for Portland, Portsmouth and Bos-
ton at 1890 A. M, 1890 NJ, *7.OOP M.
Leave Boston for Portsmouth and Portland at IL 80
nS.30A. M, 1920, 1915, 1890, $500 P. M.
Leave Boston for Portsmouth, Portland, Bangor,
HOulton, Calais and st. John at $500 p. M.
Leave Boston for Portsmouth, Portland, Bangor
and st. John at 1880 A. M.
Leave for Portland at tsss os5
Leave Portsmouth for Portland. Bangor, Houton,
Calais and st. John at 1905 P. M.
Leave Portland for Lewiston, Bath, Rockland, Au-
gusta, Waterville, Skowhegan, Belfast and Bangor
at II. 90 A. M.
Leave Portland (via Danville) for lewiston Au-
gnsta, Pennington, Watervie and Skowhegan at
Leave Portland for Bath, ewiston, Rockand, Au-
gusta, SkoT hogan: Belfast, Bangor. st. John and
For lewiston Bath and Augusta at 1920 P. NJ
For Lewiston via DaEv;lle at 1915 P. M.
Leave Biddef9rd for Portland at ILLS A. M, re-
The 6.15. $40 A. NJ LOS and 800 P. NJ. trains from
Portland, and the 800 A. M. train from Bangor
make close connections to New York by one or
ed through by either route.
The Gle A. NJ tain arrives in Boston at 1910 A.
Line at K rhe 1917 NfT f09k ya re
Boston at 10 Pa NJ in season to connect with the
train for New York. all rail- also with the $50 p NJ
lstcdmDOdt) udlus iOT NcW 1OrK VIA rail- River,
Stonington and Norwich Lines. The los and 800
P. M. trains arrive in Boston in season to connect
with trains for New York via Springfield at 8 P. M.
also with train from Boston at F. M. via Boston
and Providence r. R., and steamer Rhode Island
at Stonngton for New York.
The $40 A. NJ, LOS, 800 and 600 P. NJ. trains
from Portland connect at Conway junction with the
Great Falls and Conway Railroad. a5e
The 1880 A. M train from Boston arrives in Port
land in season for passengers to take the of the
P. q o. Railroad, (via Sebago Lake. for Naples
BridgtOn, North Bridgton, Harrison and Waterford
The $50 A. NJ. train fro Boston connects with
the Grand Trunk Railway for Montreal, Quebec and
all parts of Canada East
The 1890 p. M. train from Boston connects with
steamer Falmouth every Tuesday for Halifax. N. S.
Through tickets are sold in Portland and Baggage
checked through to HOulton, Calais St. John, Hal
ifax Dover, FoXcroft, Rockland, &C.
*Puman sleeping car express tram. N. B. This
train runs Sunday Morning. does run Monday
morning, and arrives at and departs from the Maine
Central Railroad Depot.
Accommodation train.
NFast Express.
j. PRESCOTT,
Supt. Eastern Railroad,
L, L. LINCOLN,
Supt. First Div. NJ. G, r. r.
GEO. BACHELOR,
General Agent Eastern & M. G. r. R., Portland Me-
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
TAXES 1873.

Town OF DEERING, /
~ror,o1, Treasurer's Office, July 5, 1873. I
MULE y hereoy given that the tax lists for the
1N year 1873 were committed TO the CoIlector of
said Town on the thirteth day of june. 1873. with
warrant for che collection of the same. In accord
cent will be allowed on all taxes paid within 70 ys
from the date OF the commitment thereof A dis
count or Foe per cent will be allowed on all
paid within 90 days from the date of the commitment
hereof a discount Of four per cent will be allowed
on All taxes paid within four months from the date
OF the commitment thereof. ~
Alter the expiration of said four mon his legal in
paid. Po an oaHes remaining I'M
jy2stf w. n. GQOLD,
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
MAINE CENTRAL RAILR0AD.

Summer Arrangement, Cemrnenciuy Iu,v
FL, 1879. '
Trains leave Portland for n,poor
Houltcn, Calais and St. John at IS
f Hvi-Iasa. m. sleeping and day cars on this
traln.) $3.50
For Bath, Lewiston, Rockland, Augusta, skovbe.
gan, Belfast, Dexter and Bangor at 200 a. m
For Bath, Lewiston, Rockland, Augusta. Read6ed.
Winthrop, Skowhegan, Belfast Bangor, st. JOIN and
Halifax at :05 p. m.
For Lewiston, Bath and Augusta at 20 u m.
For Lewiston via Danville at 5:15 p. M
Trains are Due at Portland. +
From Augusta. Bath and Lewiston at $3.50 A. m.
From st. John, Bangor, and North and East az
2:45 p. m.
From Augusta and Lewiston at 5:55 D. m.
From st. John Bangor &C., at 20 a, m
Through Tickets are sold in Portland and baooao
checked through to Houlton, Calais, st. John Haff
fax, Dover Foxcroft, Rockland, &c. Ian
Augusta, July II. 1873. ivoetf
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
POETRY.
The Cloud.

A cloud came land of leaves
10, hush, little leaves, lest it pass you byD-
How they had waited and watched for the lain,
Mountain and valley, and vineyard plain,
With neyed sign from the sky!
Day after day the pitiless sun
Looked down with lidless eye.
But now! On sudden whisper went
through the topm0st twigs of the poplar spire
Out OF the east light wind blew
(All the leaves trembed, and murmured and drew
Hope to the help of desire),
1t stirred the faint pulse of tho forest tree
And breathed through the brake and the brier.
Slowly the cloud came; then the wind died,
Dumb lay the land in its hot suspense;
The thrush on the elm bough suddenly stopped,
The weather-warned swallow in modifying dropped
The liunet ceased song in the fence,
Mute the cloud moved, till it hung overhead,
Heavy, big-bosomed, and dense.
All, the cool rush through the dry-tongued trees,
The patter and piash on the thirsty earth,
The eager bubblng of runnel and rill,
The lisping OF leaves that have drunk their I'LL,
The freshness that follows the dearth!
New life for the woodland, the vineyard the vale,
New life with the worlds new birth!
All the Year Round.
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
RAILROADS.
KNOX & LINCOLN RAILROAD.

DireC rail route to Wiscasset, New
Aess.eassssssssssE Castle Damar2scotta, WadObOro
el.s-,T.@.u.1Warren and Rockland.
No change of cars between Portland
and Rockland.
Steamers leave Rockland for all points on the Pc
nobscot river, Machias, Mount Desert Vjnal Haven
Hurricane and Dix Islands.
Leave Maine Central Depot, at 700 A. M, and 100
p. NJ.
Stages connect at Rockland. for Camden, Lincom-
vile, Northp0rt, South ThomastOn and st. George,
daily. At Rockland for Union Appleton and WASH
ington, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
At Tnomaston for st. George daily.
At Warren for Union, daily
At Warren for Jefferson and Whltetield. Mondays
Wednesdays and FRIDAYS
At Waldoboro' for North Waldoboro', Washington,
and Liberty daily.
At New Castle for Bristol and Pemaouid, daily.
Freight Trains daily and freight taken at low rates
jv29d6 C. A. COOMBS Sun;t'
The Portland daily press., 1873-08-04
Proposals for Sea Walls,
Parcel of South Boston Flats, and for the
Purchase of such Parcel.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts

h-arcel OF SCUM ktOstOu FIats, ana Tor the
Purchase of such Parcel.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HARpoR
COMMISSIONERS, Nos Pemberton square,
Boston, July 18th, 1873
CEALED PROPO AIS will be received at this Of
= flee until WEDNE DAY, August goth. 1873
a parcel the Commonwealth flats in South Bos-
ton, situated at the juction of the motn and Fort
Poiut Chan nell in Boston Harbor. bounded south
west by flats of the Boston Wharf Company, and
southeast by flats sold of the Boston and Albany Rail
road Company and containing about one million
square feet, more or less, as follows:
1. For about 700 lineal feet of light sea wall on
Fort Point Channel.
2. For about 1900 feet of heavy sea wall on Fort
Point Channel and the main channel.
3. For filing said parcel to grade IS, with mater
ia dredged by the contractor from the mouth of Fort
Point Channel and from portion of Boston Harbor.
which is to be dredged uniformly to depth of 20 feet
at mean low water.
4. For filling said pnrcel with good clean gravel
from grade 10 to grade 16,
5. For the whole work of building said sea wall
and filling said parcel aforesaid before Octo
Der 1st.. 1876.
The above work must be done according to plans
and specifications to be furnished at this office
between the hours of nine O'Clock in the forenoon and
twelve O'Clock noon.
The contractor will beoI quired to give satistac-
tory guaranty that he will execute contract accord
ing to his proposals. and to give satisfactory bonds
torthe faithful performance of his contract.
The Legislature of Massachusetts has appropriated
four hundred thousand dollars towards the above
specified wall and filling, but contract will be
made binding the Commonwealth for any more of
said work than can be paid for by appropriations of
the Legislature, under the laws of the Common