, 1873-01-25

] EO1i-SMELI1EG,
! Gold, silver, and copper exist in d state Of
comparative purity in the rocks with which they
| are associated They arc separated either By
| crushing the rock and specific gravity, or by
| combinations simple and easily effected Tho
various substances occurring in the ores Of iron
ure very injurious to the purified metal, aud
! must be separated before it can be utilized.
Phosphorus rervales all iron ores, is extremely
injurious, nud difficult to separate. Sulphur is
universally ditfused through the sedinentary
ores, and is with much trouble to be- got rid Of.
Silicon clings tcnaciously to the iron through al
tho processes of manipulation, refusing to 50 of
entirely in the sleg. Fuels having percentage
Of sulphur ere highly objectionable for smelling
purposes. When; used. they must be coked
to remove their injurious properties. Char
coal is the most desirable fuel where it can
be obtained, Us it is pu7o carbon, small amount
OF which is necessary element OF the harder
grade OF iron. Tho carbon removes the Oxygen
from tho iron. Apercentage OF limestone, being
introduced, combines with tho sand or clay and
forms scoria. Certain proportions Of ore, fuel,
and "1ux,"-that is, limestone,-are thrown
together into the furnace. The chemical CON-
binations arc effected BY the operations OF heat;
the fused iron runs to the bottom, leaving tho
Stag or scoria suspended, and is drawn on into
matrices of sand, whore it cools and forms pig
;-,n E,rtbar 7nan;nn1at;on in nnda1no fnr.
1.aa. a,;;a;1a+as o+1ar hostile ;,arof;anta and
the iron is made hard or soft By processes
which cannot herein be =. described.
Too great percentage OF carbon makes
tile metal too brittle. Steel contains one and
half per cent Of this element Ono ten-thon-
aandth pErt Of sulphur makes the metal so
pt!t.le HAe1 ~ .aas ~ :aNnos 20 ~. asu ~ ~
santago. Ataneanesa 10 II aeeAi l:.t5 aci:pnn5
ii Its is Of erea adyaptaee as It assists
1te pte6ce1 Ae W GieoS ~! &c - aesaoto
1ne . !. =; y;;{{1, ~ ron =;
hhlm even Wnen + ID nssoe.a.ea VIII sn' 'fon LII
1ts VARIOUS n'ai'ulac.nleu Ia .. to.tnn. ,,sc
Mining ls not M without IT'S mysteraes ana super
OF pu5tyang the oras ana gotng the metal 1nso T
usetnl s4apes have lnen pfaeslea. asaat ne
ne nuerg1ouna Pas seSiee @ =, cn11n' ,stt' ips
;ts fn9 man % hns;Iv occnnieI in their different
ne ps ~ -. ~ ;,raoo;h1a nnna
mas Meiro lntelest ~ an llnPiessIpae eRsc.a.ol.
ane eu'1, na asstso tas r. 10 a1r,,;n IT,
Uicba ex ala au rn 4sd' aud blue aud whlte
ao e1ceealngy pcLuaesqne ae ~ any n.6n1,lanu- ,.a
seape; an apploAl1Ilate@ @ llsI = furnaces ~ nnng
ake nnpG.aos p.i oaes nns pJtn stsen AoEns. T iaos
t le n4oA t4n ~ : ~ o,@,,a p;,t 1,,;,, ~ ~ ~ =;
tilted, WIN iss a IL aaaa ana nu1.
Mhae kna o. dtina 1uet Sn oe ~ nsTn ae 1a on
!asn !a opi5vus ~ p;ttss,,rni, rennires. N - t'e
iron a. flItaputsh 1o4a14''' ,<..
eaae eake superior 10 Id tasS"!s he's
tares'one ms @: - ;,o h., o;r n,s.oa t;rat
ano o - en;1s ~ rcd-bot line nj intrndncod
succesalso colls o. IL 1e1,uU. p1pe1 % ato ;a
81 me bottom oi tns LIZ ta contnnaI bon
tbem Hep1 Of euaent s q water The limestone Tor
the Aake o4peIaot & tasnar 4ocks
hnaS tto aated to tho
s4''o 1''t '''':D'S '''''' FUEL. FUEL ~
chiefly ups upon Al tho kind Of fuel which must Ie used
n smenng IL, ann 1S cgns ~ eaS The sisrnnntfe
atrict Is covered viii virgn forest, except tho
norf;on adjacent to ths mines aud |