, 1873-04-17

cd tho cost Of making those articles. ho Ia enti-
tod to lila full share Of that benefit, md thht
thcy could manifostly be sold at much 1owor
price but for tho dutios which incronso tho coat
OF tho materials used In thoir construction. In
ahort, tho tariH imposes upon the country tax
Of hundreds Of millions beyond what is paid into
tho Treasury, nnd this Tux increaaea tho coat Of
a11 labor, and Of ovory article used by or pro-
auoed by labor. Ono-half Of tho lnborora Of this
country aro farmers, and thoy llnvo to bonr moro
than one-haH Of thls enormous burden, because
in tho ond tic larger part Of 1t falB upon the
producers, mud not upon tho carriers or middle
mon.
But, secondly, tho carriera and dealers have to
boar some share of this burden, and tho coat Of
transportation is thus increased. Honyily-taxed
iron makes rails, rolling-stook, bridges, and en-
ginoa more costly. Every pound Of iron uaod In
a railroad has to bo roplaoed Aa often as onco In
thirteen years, and by fur tho larger part much
oftonor. In this country, thero arc used every
yoar, In railroads alono, not less than 100000
toms Of iron In form not cheaper than tho rail-.
Tho cost Of all this iron is Increased ut loaHt 40
per cont by duties, and much Of 1t still more.
But tho transportors, having u monopoly in
their businoss, do not permit thomaolveB to
suffer in consequence Of theao burdens, md,
by charging highor rates for freight, they throw
It oil upon tho shipper, tho drovor, and tho
farmer. Nor Is this all. A largo shuro Of tho
coat Of transportation 1s In tho labor Of the
three hundred thousand persons engaged aB OIL
cials, clerks, omployes, md laborers Of rhilroad
companies, end draymen in cities, and theao also
havo their coat Of living increased by needless
taxes. Tho railroad companios, compelled to
pay moro for overy form Of service, throw that
additional burden also upon the farmer. Thus
every dollar OF tho increased expense Of trans
rortation Of farm products, whether in cost Of
iron or other MATERIAL or in cost Of labor, Inns ut
last to come out Of tho pockets Of tho farmers.
Thero is but ono other way In which tho farmer
can bo aided or injurod-by q ohango In tho
export prico Of his products, Tho facts PROVO
that in thnt way also ho hns been injured; that
tho export prico Of corn and grain has been
lower, on tho average, during periods OF high
duty than during periods OF low duty on. tho
manufactured products which NO bring from
other countries in e1clango for our corn, wheat,
and cotton. Tho advocates OF protection will
deny that there is any relation Of cause and
cffoct between our import duties and tho export
prico Of our products. It ia not necessary to
provo that any such relation exists. To the
farmer, It is enough to ostabliah tho fact that,
for moro than forty yonrs, and undor tariffs OF
many different kinds, the same coincidence be-
twoen high import duties and low export prices
has always occurred. The reasoning mind will
conclude that tho aamo coincidence, whatovcr
tho cauao may bo, will bc npt to occur in fnturo.
Nor la the cause altogether conccaled. Com
morco is au exchange Of producta. II laws pro-
won't our buying manufactured goods from Eng
land, or paying such priccs ns will afford fair
profits, England will be tho loaH ablo or likely to
procure AZ 1arge supply Of grain from us
either hor merchants will turn for their pur-
chasos to othor countrioB In which they can also
soil their goods-as England is evon now look
Ing to tho Baltic for her grain-or The embnrraaB-
ment Of manufacture may become such as to
lesson the number OF consumers, or restrict the
quantity Of grain consumed. Froghts from
this country to Europe must rise III proportion
IS ships going thithor with corn lack profitable
cargoos for the return voyage, and slight
differences in freight may give to tho products
Of other lands tho advantage over our own in
European markots. But, be tho cause what it
may, there is beyond dispute striking coinol-
1,o+r ~ Il H,,tf u;.3u
Of low export pricos. Under tho protective
tariff Of 1825-1832, inclusive, tho average export
price Of wheat at New York WAS s1.1014; under
tho compromise tariff Of l833-1842, inclusive,
that average was 1855; under the protective
tariff OF 1843-1840, inclusive, the average price
foil to $1.02, and under tho low revenue tariff
which followed it rose to s1.2G for tho four
years ending with 1860; to s1.44 for tho four
yoara ending with 1854, and to s1.69 for the ai1
yonrs ending with 1860. Condolences such as
these force all roasoning minds to believe
TINT a relation Of cause aud effect
exists. Cotton sold for export at the
average OF 1914 cents for tho protective
period 1825-'99, but rose to u cents under tho
compromise tariff it foil to 611 conts under tho
protective tariff OF 1886, but averaged cents
in the four yoars ending 1850, 91>9 cents in tho
four years ending 1854, and 1915 centa in tho six
years onding 1860. Corn averaged 50 conta for
tho protective porioa of 1825-'32, but roso to
tn conts average for the period OF tho COM
promise tariff; it foil to 67 cents for tho pro-
toctivo period, 1896, but rose to an average Of
o815 cents for the period ending in 1860, to 7115
cents for the period ending in 1861, and to an
average Of BIZ cents for tho period ending
in 1860. suol condolences, whether they cstab-
uah rulo Or not, ut any ratio flx III tho minds Of
farmora jfact-that when duties arc high tho
export prices Of their crops arc low, aud nice
uersa.
Now, II protective duties inorease the coat of
producing crops, and increaHe Tho cost Of traits