davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1873-09-06

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goas wonu ..1udr aoss' tnoy ~, i,tst mako mag. Hlx
yoatn u pno,, "u 1oonery Or inc Na
.aonal IloaHuty peo.oo taas % naHnoss has so'zed
upon tnat p"tiy' a., n,o; an.osh Tue hgna OF tto
nnioa are a. Inu!' .no uont-a@tI9 @ III ~ troat,
ana 9a disaolntlon n must BOON 1ollo"'-Sdyorook
I"'19 9sl'1a sAlnta1;hioaopoaiSSt a. .,,a .,,..u,.
.1,r.aIl nah IT. clnsoa tno a.;, inn1 o. complaint
aaongnona ag I'LL eo ones @'iu f nrea3sn o. slo lnnu'
aor tnoy asS not ntrong ono1gn t II y lumbors to
fhe"ao IT. ,I ni,en c2tao,.on: nis IL comes from
~ ~ uoljo' togRraloHs OF Party, loaf, OF 1aVor
ss, Mo noo gg' gg'nnto swiu!os' moneyod corporations,
1e, ill., III 5iane'8Ian.e our currency 1luotnasihg At
enu "1u 81 s anu boars anu finally, every
" oomGGlYaoo do'ice carried out for Congressional
o1d n1h tal1 aoont olthor one OF Up
pa t.a patsaos p oolnR nonost nntl ir sympathy with
ap sno PGopao nay 20 ior an 1dtot' The Domocraiio
pm1ty ar,n u ~. T. ole surely deaa than tho Nepnb
can palsy @ corrupt. and lonEor unworthy oi
oounaonoo Mua"ea ana fospoos.-o9e County (Iu)
oraTge: ;1}'.,,, n1,
A. ,-inanR .it toa! # no mistake not tho stgns OF
tt1 .no nmes. tho po9p!o are aroused to their in
ig,1ss, t;.ts anu s4o PoI!ca Aas thieycs and proa
, 1873-09-06
THE STURGEON BAY CANAL.

day or two Hnce, We roforrod to tho Portage
Lake Canal. connecting Houghton direct with
tho weat shore Of Luke Superior, aud pointed
out aome Of tho advantages which must result
from Its completion. Another important like
improvement now begins to attract public no.
tico aa 1t approaches complotion,-tho Sturgeon
bay Canal, which will connect Groom Bay direct
with Lake Michigan, pta Sturgeon Day Tho
canal in question runs from tho hoad Of stur-
goon Bay across tho Green Bay peninsula, through
Door County, to Lake Michigan, dlatanco Of
only milo and quarter, through q perfectly
lovol strip Of land, devoid Of rock or any othor
serious obstacle in tho way Of cutting. Tho ad-
vantagcs Of this canal arc apparent at ganco.
It brings droon Bay and tho Mcnomineo region
into moro direct communication with Chicago
and Milwaukee, aud Is sayeB about 100 miles of
navigation around the peninsula, ut the head Of
which is Death'e Door, the very namo Of which
is significant Of tho dangora which lio In wat for
mariners. It ia expected that tho canal will DO
finished In about year, as there are no
aerious obstacles to Interfere with tho work,
and tho distance ia very abort. A large forco Of
mon is already at work on both ends Of tho ca
nal, tho Dimensions Of which aro about na fol-
lows: Tho length Of tho canal is $500 feet, and
its width 100 feet, which will DO found too mar
row, If there should be anything like tho trado
which fs expected will follow its completion. At
the 1ako-ahore end thoro are to bo two piers OK
tondng out into the lako 1000 feet, 1000 foot
apart on tho shore, and running out In angles
until they arc but ESQ foot apart, thus
giving comnlodioua outside harbor, which
will be effcctually protected by tho piers, which
are to 10 constructed in similar manner to
those forming tho outlet Of tho Portage Lako
Canal. Sturgeon Day itself is a fine and-lockod
harbor, eight miles long by from half a mile to
two miles broad. SO that tho harborago at either
end Of tho canal is Of tho worry best description.
The recent discoveries Of enormous dopoeita
Of iron orc on tho Wisconsin sdo OF tho Menom-
inoe River, together with the rangos Of ORC on tho
Michigan side. and tho advantages for making
charcoal iron in tho Sturgeon Day region, will bo
OF positive value to Chicago, and this fact hos
already been recognized by Chicago capitalists,
who have recently been through that region, and
hayo estimated TINT this charcoal iron can DO
laid down in Chicago for 81 por ton lcas than
tho Pittsburgh harlooal iron, which Ia worth
$40 per ton less,-the difference in prico being
duo to tho fact that charcoal iron ia required for
tic Dosaomer~Htoel PROCESS.
, 1873-09-06

Ono Of the largest farmers meetings ovor hold
terday. Sixty Oranges took part in tho proooa-
sion, robod III tho rcgalia Of thoir Order, and
thore woro about 10000 farmers Oh tho
ground. They wore addressed bY Dud-
ley ". Adams, Master Of tho National
Grange, and Miss Garrottson, q farmers
daughter, who is declared to have mado tho bot
tor speech Of tho two. h1r. Adams reiterated his
advice to tho farmers not to forgot that in be-
coming members Of tho Patrons of Husbaudry
tl.oy 1ad not ceased to bo citizcus and urged
tllom to attend to thoir political dutics with
greater fidelity than evor before.
, 1873-09-06

Iceland haH got warmed up at laat by sort Of
farmora' movement, and AL intenHo political
agitation has commenced having for Its objoot
tho overthrow OF tho oppresaions Of Danish
monopoly and tho complete separation of that
island from Donmsrk. A great public meeting
WINS hold on tho 2Gth OF Juno at which 1t was re-
solved to uao ovory effort to put M ond to the
danish rule in Iceland, und to obtnlu from Den
mark FREQ Constitution which should give
them Government OF thoir own, the only bond
loft boing that Of common sovereign. II this
is yielded 1t ia stated that tho Icelnnders will
then break away from Denmark altogether and
nlly themsolyou to Norway.
, 1873-09-06

SAsAAA3AA &4A1O 0A4lA44124A 0lR4AA4AU9s
The publication Of the railroad statistics Of
Great Dritain, recently Issued by tho British
Board of Trade, has afforded an opportunity for
comparison botwoon tho railroad systnm Of tho
United Kingdom and that OF the Unitod States,
30 fur as tho statistics Of tho latter hayo boon
collected. Tho total mileage Of railroads in
England, Ireland, and Scotland was 1854 miles
at tho end Of 1879, while Poor reports tie num-
bor Of miles OF railroad in operation in the United
States at the samo time to have boen G7,104. It
must be remembered, in order to properly appro-
clato this difference, that tho ground actually
covered by the English railroads is not largor
than that contained In two Of our Western
States. The Inoroase Of railroad mileago in
Groat Britain in 1872 was only 438 mies, wllilo
tho increase In tho rairoads Of tho United States
during tho same tino waa GAIT miles. Within
the past twenty years tho railroad mileage of
this country has quadrupled, whilo that Of Great
Britain has only doubled Tho most astounding
dlGoreuco botwaen the railroad system Of tho
two countries is to bo found in tho
comparative cost. Poor gives tho total cost OF
tho railroads In this country ut 80, 423,-
057, which cona[ats Of s1047, ,B44,113 Of capital
stock, and s1,511, ,57s, OIL Of various forms Of
indebtedness. The paid-up capital Of British
railroads is SASH, ,000000, consisting of q, ,085,-
oo0,oooin stock aud $3.50, ,o0o,o 900 in mortgages.
This shows that tho railroads Of Great Dritain
aro on much Bounder financial basis than
American railroads. In tho first plaoo all tho
capital Is actually paid up in cash, whilo
d largo proportion of tho nominal railroad oapf-
tal Of this country Ia fictitious. In tho next
place, tho loans and debontures carried by tho
British railroads amount to only about, t,onc-flfth
Of thoir eutire capital, while the debts OF the
American railroads amount to noarly one-llalf Of
all tho nominal capital both roal and fictitious.
The coat per milo OF British and American rail-
roads would appear to DO greatly In favor
of American railroad-buildera. Tho average
cost Of British railroads IL $170.02
Per mile, while, according to Poor,
tho average cost Of American railroads is s55, 110
por milo. From thta 1t might 10 interrod that
thoro had been creator Credit Mobliors In Eng
land than hero. Tho difference in cost, howoyor.
is not to DO accounted for in this way. England
was alroady donaely populated whom railroads
wore first built. Tho now fre-horBo encountered
tho same opposition from among tho people
thoro "a 1t did In all old conlmuIltioa f1ed in
their habits and fearful Of innovations. Tho
consequence waa that It was extremely
difficult and always oxpengiye to - ao-
cure tho right Of way. hight Of way
In this country has always been easily obtained,
and has rarely figured to any extent ~ tho cost
Of tho railroads. On the contrary, prcmiums
have usually boen offcred to hayo the road To-
Gated In auoh direction ~ to run through certain
, 1873-09-06

Tho Chicago produces markets wero sctiyo yoa-
to-day, md broadstnlra woro strongor. Moss
purk VIVA III fair tlomand and s4alo nrmcr, at
s15.O5 cas1,, aud $15.0o@15.26 Hollor October.
I.ard was quiet and steady at 716o por ID for
wintor, and 7@794c for summon rondorod. Moats
wore dull and stendy at 716@8o for shoulders,
$4,000 for short ribs, o@0]6o for short oloar,
.pd 91]5@1l1{o for swoot picked hamH. High
riues we're aotlve and 20 lowor, cloBiug ut 02>l@
g3o per gallon. Lake frelghta waro aotiyo and
1toaly at 14o for wheat to Buffalo. Flour waa
In better demand and firm. Wheat was ao-
tive ard advanced 2@215o, closing tame ut $t.1D
oaAh, $1.16H sellor tho month, and $1.1416 aoller
October, Cam Was aotiye. aud 10 higher. clos
, 1873-09-06

No reason is giYon for President Salmeron's
resignation announced to-day, but It undoubtedly
resulted from the action Of the Cortoa concern
ils; military execution. It was proposed that
that body should permit sentences Of death in
the army to bo executed without reference to 1t
for approval. The telegraph stated yesterday
TINT tho passago Of this motion would ovorturn
tho existing Cabinet, and, as tho effect has fol-
lowed, tho eauso may DO easily inferred.
, 1873-09-06

Tho testimony Of the railroad freight-agonts
is to tho effect TINT the tariff prepared by tho
Railroad Commissioners Of this State is lower
than tho existing tarin for tho shorter distances
md higher for tho longer distances. This is In
direct contravontion of tho established policy Of
railroad management, The present tariffs On
tho Illinois railroads conform to tho pro rata fea-
ture Of the nov law, but, in doing 80, they have
made tho rates oqua'zo tho earnings by gradual
ing tho scale Of rates as much aa possible in fayor
Of tho longer distaucos. without actually making
thom tho aame aa or lesa than tho rate for short
or dstanco8. II tho railroads are forced to re-
dueo their present rates for all distances less
than 155 mi1oB to comply with tho Railroad Com
miasionors' tariff, they will probably bo compel
led to incroase their rates on distances ovor 155
miles up to tho maximum allowed by the Rail-
road Commissioners for thoso longer distances
Tho results Of this policy would inevitably DO n,
loBs Of busineBs to tho roads from
the more distant stations, diversion Of trado
frcm tho Chicago market. and special hardship
Oh those who have no nearer market than Chica-
50. and aro yet compelled to pay rates which cat
up tho value Of their grain at the shipping-pont.
Tho Railroad Commissioners have evidently
made up their tariff without any reference to
tho competing markets. outside the stato such
as st. Louis, Toledo, and Milwaukee; In uttor
disregard OF tho people who arc furthorost
removed from market, and in 1otlanco
Of tho natural laws Of competition. It may be
that tho present thrills Of the Illinois railroads
arc still excessive but the fact that the tariff
prepared by the Commissioners diffors from tho
existing tarifsa by decreasing the ratos for the
shorter distances. and increasing thoso OF tho
longer distances, beyond the requirements of tho
pro rata feature Of tho now law, Indicates that
their tariff will work still greater hardship to
the interests Of tho state if 1t ia carried out. 1t
will bo tho greatest discrimination against CHI
cago In favor Of cities outside tho State, and it
will practically shut oil certain diHtriots from
market.
, 1873-09-06
THE UNION PACIFIn auIT.

Tho statement has recently bcon made in
Washington that the Government auit brought
against the Union Pacific Railroad and others,
BY tho direction Of congrcsn. will be withdrawn
or at least postponed, to await further logsla-
tion on the subject. We cannot conceive what
better facilities can be required for Its proaoc-
ton than thoHe afforded in tho Wilson
bill. It defined tho character Of tho
suit In equity; 1t authorized tho employ
mont ct the necessary counsel; 1t pro-
vided means for bringing tho auita In
any Of tie United States courts; 1t stipulated
that Judgments obtained under tho prosecution
might bo transforred to any place in tho United
States; it stated the object Of tho suit, and 1t
indicated in general torma the part1eB who wero
to bo mado defendants. Under tliH Congress
s'opal authorization, tho Government engaged
counsel, and bill waa filed in tho United States
Circuit Court at Hartford, Conn. This bill Was
necessarily yolunainous, and the list of dofond-
ants Is long enough to cover several printed
pngos. It includes tho Union Pacific Com
pany, tho Wyoming Coal and Mining Company,
the Telegraph Company, the Credit Mobior Of
Amorica, still other corporations, tho estatos Of
Oakos Amos and James Brooks, and oil those In
diylduals md firms which aro suspected Of hav-
Ing boon benefited by the fraudulent coutraots
ind stock diyidonds with which tho construction
Of tho Union Pacific was lonlod down. Tho bill
thus filed Inns brought out about 100 demurrers,
mud 1t ia said that nearly 200 subpnnas hnyo
beon Issued and returned. Most Of the
defendants, numbering about 180, hayo
employed separate counsel, and Aayo adopt
ol separate lines Of defouse. At the
worry beBt tho suit must DO long and tedious,
and thero is no doubt that 1t will bo lorcoly con-
tostod. Tho caso was set for tho middle Of this
month, and it ought to be commenced without
any loss OF timo. lie Government counsel have
lud both ample time md facilities for preparing
their caao, and IT uhould be vigorously prose-
ontod to accord with tho demands OF Justice On
both Bilos. It il not faIr to tho Union paoilo
stockholders, nor to tho defendants In tho suit,
nor to tho intorentH Of the Government,
that 1t should bo postponed. II 1t IL
tho purpose Of tho Government TO
prosecute the suit honestly and vigorously, it
should 60 on with tho work; ii not, It will bo
tho duty Of tho noxt Congreaa to ASCERTAIN why,
and to provide counsel who will undertake to
push 1t. It is not we'll to postpone tLis suit
until tho intorost tho people haye in 1t sLall
Hubsidc.
The circumstance tint the Union Pacific Com
pany iY malo rty-dofopdant to tlltB suit has
oroatad tho orronoous impression that the suit ls
calculated to reoovor something from this Com
pany aud damage tho road. Tho fact Ii
that tho suit Ia brought TOR the direct
benoht Of tho road, rs 1t is only by
increasing tue yalue Of tho Union Pacific stocks
, 1873-09-06

Tue Supreme Court OF Wisconsin has In all
tho power md authority Of State over the sub
ject Of selling liquor. Tic Legislature ut itB
last session passed n Inv requiring that, before
my liconHo was issued to soil liquor in any form,
tho applicant should flo a boud In tho sum Of
$4,000 as security for I'LL peualties and damages.
A case waB made and taken to tho Supreme
Court to tost tho conBtitutionallty Of this law.
The Court hold that tho powor to prohibit tho
sale Of liquor Was oloarly vested in tho State
Legislature. Having that power, it had Of nc
cessity tho right, whore 1t authorizes tho saio OF
liquor, to require that the person authorized to
sell shall procure q licouso. Thia license ia not
held by tho vendor aa 1nattor OF right but at
tho nero pleasure or grace Of tho power grant,
favor, which, like all fayors, must be roceiyed
upon such terms and conditions and subject to
suoh burdens and inconvenience aa tile donor
thinks proper to impoao aud tho douoe eloctB to
accept. Tho Court thus mot q familiar obtoc-
ton to restrictions upon llcouaod occupations:
II Ia assumed that tho law ]cgaizcs or sanctions in
m unqualified sanBo, tho act Of aalo by tho party who
hnB compiled With thu formal requirements prescribed
and obtained lrenuo in tho mannor provided for by
It, and then 1t ia argued TINT tho Legislature has no
power to nict penalties mutct party in damages
for tho performance OF q lawful act. Tho difficulty
with thia proposition H. III will bo scot from the course
Of reasoning above adopted IL auch reasoning be
roc that It that to be absolutely lawful uet
which ia 80 condtlonay, or with qualifications only
, 1873-09-06
ANT1.MONOpOLY IN CALIFORNIA.

Tho Republican and tho Democratic parties
hnvo both sustained signal dofoat in tho State
of California. Not only las San Francisco ropu-
d;atod both those parties, but tho whole State
haa dono so. In vain did tho Republican party
ox1ort tho faithful In vain wero the people In
formed that the Republican party had put down
tho Rebellion, reconstructed tho Rebel States,
had paid OFF several hundred millions Of tho
public debt, had emnncfpatcd four millions Of
people, had mado suffrage universal, and had
ro-o!ectod Grant; that, having done oil these
things. 1t was ontiroy compotont to dcal with
oil now isauoB. In win did tho Office
holders parade tho ghost1y remans Of
tho Democratic party as a warning Of what
would follow tho defeat of tho nopub-
licnn party. Tho poop1o wont to tho polls In tho
citios and in tho rural districts, from the work.
shops, tho farms, md the minos, and doliborato-
1y ydofcnsed tho Republican party. The Dcmo-
cratic 1oadora In every precinct presented thcir
candidates. They wero hopeful Of victory.
They had faith in the allegiance Of their follow
ers. They told over the history Of tho party Of
Jackson and Jef1oraon they roforrod to tho ha-
torical purity Of tho Democratic fathers; they
claimed that tho restoration Of their party to
power vas essential to the salvation Of tho
country, but in win. Party ohains were broken;
tho laah of tho party whip WAS diBregardod, and
Republicans and Democrats abandoned all other
organizations and enrolled as new party, and
loft tho old ones to defoat. THO Government
OF tho State has boon revolutionzod. Tho rail-
road dospotisn which has ruled California 60
long, and which haB selected all tho Senators
and tho Representatives In Congress from that
State, lns boon ovorthrown. Both political
parties have boon manipulated by tho railroad
dynasty for yoarB, and had provon 80 corrnpt
thns thoro was no choice between them, Tho
only means Of doliyorance was to form a now
party in opposition to both, and to appeal to tho
popular intelligence and honesty. Tho appeal
was successful, and California is at last re-
deemed from tho thraldom Which has made her
producers tho slaves Of monopoly.
1t would DO unjust not to give full credit to
tho patriotism and energy Of Gov. Booth, of
California. This gentleman, who Ras elected
Governor On the Republican ticket, has porcmp-
torily refused to DO controlled by the Railroad
Monopoly. Ho mado public declaration Of
war on that monopoly. and has beou, Of course,
prescribed as m unsafe man by hts own party.
he succeeded in arousing public attontion to tho
corruption Of the two old parties, and thus
etartcd tho opposition which has boon 80 sue
cessful. It is not likely that tho people,
with a Legislature Of their own Bolocton, will
forget tho courage and patriotism Of tho faith
ful Governor.
, 1873-09-06

Ing ut 4216o cash. and 1890 aollor October. Data
wero moderately active. aud }l@99o higher.
closing at 2811o cash, and 29Ho eollor October
Barley was dull and 7@1oe lower closing nt s1.1s
for No. q aud 8216o for No. 8. The hog narkct
waa fairly active, but castor, closing weak at
without t1ooidod change, fair amount Of sa1os
being accomplished at e1.75@o.10. shoop woro
in light supply, aud were firm at e3.00@450.
, 1873-09-06
New York City ilnancos arc In q bad p1ig1

New Yor]; City 1nancos arc in bad plight.
Its revenue last year was e325oo, GOO; tho ex-
ponditures, &52,s0oo00, tho two ehow-
Ing q magnificent reproduction Of
the conditions which N1cawber warned
David Copper1cld would alwaya result in
"misory." To mike the matter woreo, tho city
bookkeeping ta 30 intricate that none but exports
can comprehend it, md tho newspapers OF Now
York aro charging oil sorts OF iuiquitios upon
Comptroller Groom, who does not soom today to
l,o half 30 ''popular" as Boas Tweed or Dick
Connolly
, 1873-09-06

Con. Spinner has expressed tho opinion that
tho Congressman who hayo covered tAor baok-
pay into tho Troahury. or thoir heirs-at-law,
hayo good action against tho doyornmont for
ita recovery at any time. n1r. Taylor, tho FirHt
Comptroller Of the Treasury, on tho othor
hand, beltovea that 1t ia within tho func.
tion Of tho United etatoa Government to
receive gilt, II tho return Of tho
baok.pay can ba regarded In thls light,
, 1873-09-06

Tho corporations OF Cook County havo boon
informed by circular from tho Committee Of
the State Board OF Equalization that they will
be assessed upon tho rule that the nominal is
tho actual valuo OF their stock. 1t dovolvcs
upon them, il this hypothesis ie incorrect, to
convince tho Committee Of that fact.
, 1873-09-06

Dofaulting Collector Harper, Of Springfield,
is said to bo in Canada, and to bo il
communication with his friends IN this
State. Tho curious statement is made
that in tho presence Of friend and ono Of Lis
clerks he prepared n written confession Of his
crime eight days ago, a]l knowledge Of which
was kept by them from tho public for nearly a
Srnnk.
, 1873-09-06

So sto1u was tho repression by tho French
Government Of any attempt to celebrate tho an
nivorsary Of tho establishment Of the Republic,
that American citizons in Paris woro not ovon
permitted to mako q complimentary display of
tho Unitod States flag on that day.
, 1873-09-06

towns and Hootiona. In England, tho cost Of tho
right Of way Inns always boon ono Of The most I'M
portant ltos In tho oxponao Of railrond-buldinE.
In addition to thia, tho expense attending tho
securing Of charters has always beonlargo, not In
tho way Of bribing mernbora Of Parliament,
but because Of tho exceeding circnmapectlon
with which tho British Parliament yiows all an
picntionB for charters. II requires long timo,
great formality, and tho most thorough gtlaran-
teoa to aocuro railroad chartor in droat Britain
!" addition to thcso legitimate o1ponBcs tln-
known in this country, tho cont Of British rail-
foads represents bettor work in evory respect
and much moro liberal accoutromonts. Tho
rolling stock, atation-houscs, sido-traokB,
sWitohos, oto., must represent a cost
por milo almost double tho cost for
tho 8amo material in this country. All tho rail-
roads In dreat Britain arc crowded with bug
inoss, and must havo tho most extensive and
permanent facilitios for doing It. This Ia mr.
italy attoBted by tho circumstance that, though
the mileage Of British railroads was only Ii. .914
miles and that Of American railroads WIS 07,1o4,
tho British railroads earned s7.7o por hun
drod OF population and American rail-
roads only s11.5o. Ii tho American railroads
did tho Hamo busineBa as tho English rail-
roads, they ought to earn four timos as much.
Tho earnings por mile wore 81 800 In this coun-
try md sl0,21o In Circuit Britain. Tho number
Of passengers carried by tho British railroads in
1879 woro AL, 875, 600 iii addition to 270000 who
travolod On seaaon tiokotB. Tho number OF
miles travood tharc during 1879 waro o., 1000, 600
by passenger trains aud o500Ooo0 by freight
trains, or noarly 100 900 900 in all. Our railrond
Rsatistlos do not afford q comparison in
this respect, but it is obvious that
tho service performed by tho Britiah
railroads is such to require facilities and mn
terial Of double the value por mile OF railroads
In America Tho gross earnings Of tho British
railroad 1879 amounted to e256 440, ,oo0 those
OF American railroads for tho samo time woro
s473, al, ,055. OF tho English earnings, two
ffthB woro on passenger, and tlree-hfths on
freight, business; Of tho American earnings,
about ono-fourth was on passenger, and
about throe-fourths On freight business.
Tho operating expenses In Groat Britain
woro 40 per cent on the grosa earnings, which
was Al increase Of per cent ovor the former
year. Tho proportion Of operating exponsos in
this country WAS 86 per cont Of tho gross ro-
coipts, which shows difroronco Of 10 pcr cont
Of tho gross earnings In favor Of tho British
railways saved in tho management Of tho roads.