, 1873-11-12
In the Lower Order OF YertcDratOs
the Angle OF Tho Face Is in
Line with tho Back,
In the Highest Order It Is in Line with
the Abdominal Surface.
Relation Between Mcntal Manifestations md tho
Bearing Of Tho Facial Angle to tlc Limo
Of lllc Body.

minutes Of Inst meeting. which woro adopted.
Mr., o, 8, Weatcott WAS elected q member OF
tho Academy.
The Secretary announced that tho following
donations wero madc to tho Academy since tho
October meeting: From Mr. William Wolcox,
specimens OF wood taken 81 foot below the R,1r-
face In sinking tic shaft for the now Lake Tun-
mol from Mr.. r. 8. Ohosbrough, specimens OF
vood taken from tho Same shaft 83 feet below
the surface from tho Leavcnworth,
Lawreneo i Galveston Railroad Com
pany, sixteen geological specimens
lnrge boxes Of specimens Of grain. and apoc-
lmons Of soil from hlr. H. ". Boyd: Portions
Of skelcton OF a child taken from mound ;
skin of'an African python l skin of m African
monkey, aud ono skin Of m African baboon.
From tho Department. Of the Intorior: PAM
phless from Mrs. Kate ". Doggott: 80 nurn-
bers Of tho american Naturalist, 25 Of tho
American Journal Of Science and ART, Il Of the
Ne1o England Historical and Geological Register
pnd Antiquarian Journal; from tho Smith
,onian Institute: G6 pamphlets; from Mr. Al
bort D. Hazon vols. Of the Geological Survey
pf Vermont.
DR.. pExTEn's ADDRESS.
DR., Ransom Doxter, Professor Of Comparative
Anatomy aud Zoology in tho University Of CHI
pago was then introduced, mud read the follow
inE paper on "trhe Facial Anglo OF tho Yerto-
brato bub-kingdom of Animals p
"I Tho subject OF tho facial anglo has occplodu
the attention OF philosophers from tho earliest
antiquity. Their theories though vague, ul-
satisfactory and embarrassing III themselves,
set tend concluBiycly to show that some patent
general principle under1ios tho whole domain OF
Inc subject. Confined to tho narrow limits OF
The varieties OF the human raco, rs has usually
1tf $rn sycf fHY,IU
part Of tho evidence thnt IS SO beautifully Illus
tratel. when We include tho whole sub-klngdom
Of a,,inals to which no belong,
o1, lin 0nsaenE say ai 'ne aueeso5 eses po taa
sog''a' s2s basea aas p'posp upon q uniformity Of
primitive typo development, md arc
peculiar to the ontiro Bub-kingdom; We find that
u1auv useful lessons may be learned by inctnd-
Ing oyery class Of animals in which tho specali-
xatiou to be considered appears: For example;
syery animal belonging to tho ,vertobrate sub
Kingdom OF animals, agrees with every other
eu11nal, Of tho sa1no Hub-kingdom III tho follow
lug distinctive racteriatlcs--charactoris
ton Of the gubjcct Of tho facial anglo: In all.
tho head and yertohral column, aro composed OF
! number Of dclinito aogments, arranged along
! longitudinal axis; cEcn segment IL normally
somposed Of two ri'g-ike formations tho
nervous syatoni, viz: brain and Bpinal
cord, tue yentral containing tho organs Of
nutrition, the almentary canal, circulating anu
eliminating organs. Every vertootate animal,
tho Que to protect tho brain mud apinal cord,
The other, tie organs OF nutrition. These tubos
ire subject to very great variations, ana arc
modified as by mastor'a hand to meet The noo-
assitieB that their various specialization OF fut,o-
tasu may domand. The great modification in tho
caltbre Of tho doraal tubo in tho different claaBes
Of tho Yertebrates, as we'll Us the great variation
III shape OF the elements which compose that
4N Tn
sssd ses so@ena ass tnss s 's e
1t some distance apart, whilst, in the
crapial, thoy ore hattcned. spread cut,
so as to unite and form tor H., sntufes. t'taIes.
lion OF the softer aud nore massive nerue mat
Tho clements composing or forming tho
nutritive-case arc the jnwa, ribs, and pelVic
girde. These as in tue former, ara suuoGot 70
marked in the region of the face: And here re
nav designate what should constitute tho facial
angle, mud describe tho drawing.
"rhe anglo Of the face is simply and properly.
think, tho anglo formed by tho intersection OF
two linos tho first Or baso lne, corresponding
to tho axis of the body the other, or diverging
line, drawn from tic anterior margin Of
tic superior maxillary, oyor tho contre Of tue
formed Expresses the rotation and tho conl-
Of the two primitive tubes, the neural and hen,a
at the anterior extremity, or head OF q verto,
hrate animal Mr., Owen Mr.. LII; Huxley, anu anu
line from the floor Of tho 1loatrlls to the artic-
latiou OF the occipital bono, to thu yertebfal.
This is ono Of the groatess errors that hayo
known committed, and ono, no doubt, that has
contributed It's ahare to dopreciato tho subject
As M index to the mental caate OF q vertebrate
animal. For by adopting this method, 40 aro
subject to tho enormous error Of ninety dogreoss
In passing through tho aub;;kinugaom. all
Of which, wo lose, httlo by little, as We ah-
cond t1a scnlo Of tho animals Of this typo.
And yot they make this application through tho
entiro vertebrate soriea. by referring to this
drawing VIC find the face of tho lowest clasH OF
tho type, tho fish, to be i'll direct limo with tic
loraal surface Of tie ani,nal whilst III tho high.
aBt typo, that Of en, tho fnco ig in Line with the
vontral or abdominal surface. THUS, 1t will be
seou that tho aspect Of tllo faco to tho line oi
The body, makes an o'ltro llalf Of revolution
type Of animals. i will also bo seen that thore
Ii direct relation betwoon tho power aud cofa'
plexity Of the mental lnnuifestationB and tho bcnr
lug Of tho lne Of tho face, to tho dorsa
ur ventral surface OF tho body end at
increases, and tho bones Of tho faco diminish
We also iinl tlat tla rclltiyo projection OF the
jaws IN front Of the orbits diminish as We
:, ascend from tho fish to the man, Ii the cold
bloodel 1ish, tile yerpont, and tic crocodile, the
tlan u prolO1gation Of canal for splaa! cord,
with dispGopoitionnto development Of tho or
gant Of mast,cation, thus enabling them to OK
ecuto tho strongest instinct OF tho lower ami:
mala, nanely: to say and leyour. In tho bird
elaas, tho brain IL AomoWhat lnrger, but ls con-
tuIpod in tho postorior part OF tho Uranium, they
manjfostiug but slight mentul superiority oyol
tho reptile. 1n tlo dog, ovor whom man IL tl!e
much larger, the facial limo IL abou
at rigAt-angla with tho vortebral axiH