davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
For the yERsoSr FARHER
SUGAR MAKING.

lu reading your most excellent paper, the
FARMER, | noticed the discussion Of the Pas
sumpsic Farmers Club on Sugar Making.
The discussion was good but | think there
is good chance for them to improve yet.
The first speaker, l.. Kline, agree with,
that everything about the manufacture Of su-
gar should be clean aud sweet, but letting sap
remain in pans all night cannot agree with,
The next speaker, G. W. Felch, says the
best sugar he ever made was sugarel off the
same day it was boiled. Now let me ask
Mr. Felch how he gets the inter or malate Of
lime out of his sirup3
| will give you my process of making SUI
gar. After sugaring is over my tubs are
brought to the sugar house and washed clean
also the draw tub aud holders. | then put
one peck of lime into sap pan, add about
eight pals Of water, make it boil and soald
all OF my tubs and holders thoroughly, aud
pack my tubs bottom side up. No mice or
squirrels will then Interfere with them. In
the spring, before time to tap, | wash all OF
the lime from my tubs, and scald them in
clean boiling water, and then they are ready
to catch the esap. As quick as get sap enough
to boil, / commence to gather aud boil.
use the common galvanized pan. Do not
boil over three or four hours before siruping
off, Long continued boiling colors the sugar
badly, | boil my sap down to the thickness
of about eight pounds to the gallon, then set
tie from 20 to "a hours before straining
then turn it of carefully through straineT
so as not to let any OF the inter run into the
strainer then put all the settings into one
tub and hang it to a tree let the sap DROP
into it, and all of the malate Of lime or nitel
viii, settle in mass TO the bottom, aud you
eau turn off all Of the sweet without loss
When | sugar of do not put anything into
my sirup to cleanse it, for there is nothing
wish to take out. make some stirred sugar
have no particular rule to cook it, but boi
till it will stir off and not be umpy,
Now propose that all the sugar maker
that take the FARMER send you sample o
stirred sugar, aud the one that sends tho best
shall have premium Of the VERMONT FARM,
ER Tor one year, providing you got enough
sugar to pay for the paper, and you shall b'
the judge, NJ Q.
IraSJurgh, March 22.
All right !-EDIToR FARMER,
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
TILLERING.

One Of the marves OF the wheat plant is
that known as tillering, 1t is the secret Of
its great productveness. Many experiments
have been made to ascertain the limits Of
this faculty, and the results have been truly
wonderful An English gentleman sowed u
lew grains of red wheat June I'd, one OF the
plants Of which had tillered so much by the
eighth of August that he then divided it into
eighteen others, all Of which were planted
separately. In few weeks so many Of
these had again multiplied their stalks, that
he had set out 81 altogether to 90 through
the winter, With the spring growth all these
began tillering, so that in March and April a
new division was made, and the plants in-
creased to 500. 1t was believed that anoth-
or division might have been made, and that
it would have increased the number to 1000 +.
The 500 grew most vigorously, exceeding
plants as ordinarily cultivated. When har-
vested single plarr yielded over 100 ears,
and the whole number Of ears produced was
2l ,l09, or more than 40 to each divided
plant the grain measured 81 pecks, weigh
ing 47A lbs. All this was said to be the pro-
duct of single grain OF wheat.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
CORN.

W. have about seven sub-species Of lea
Mays under cultivation, as follows
|. SuJSpecieS Flint COrH-Oharacter-
izcd by dense, hard grain, the seed coats
entirely filled, plants having tendency to
" stool, and to produce several ears colors
Of grain various. Represented by Dutton,
Yankee, Sanford, Golden Sioux, King Philip,
etc.
2, SuJ.Species-K2Our CorA-Character-
istics, Plump grains, soft to very soft, in
some varieties the albumen almost pure
starch, stooling freely and apt to bear good
ears upon the suckers or secondary stalks t;
colors various, Represented by Four, Ar,
rickee, Dusty Miller, White Australian, and
the corn generally raised in New Mexico and
Arizona by the descendants of the ancient
Aztec aud Toltec races
3. SuJ.Speoies-Sugar Corn-Charao.
teristiCs, Shriveled grains, less starohy aud
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
General agriculture.
THE GLORY OF THE FARMER.

The benefits conferred upon mankind by
the farmer, aud the pleasure which attaches
to his vocation, are charmlngly portrayed by
Ralph Waldo Emerson, in one of his essa Us,
as follows
The glory Of the farmer is that, in the di-
vision Of labor, it is his part to create. Ali
the trades rest at last on his primitive au-
thority He stands close to nature he OBJ
tains from the earth the bread and the meat.
The food which was not, he causes to be.
The first farmer was the first man, and all
historic nobility rests on the possession and
use Of land. Men do not like hard work,
but every man has an exceptional respect
for tilagc, and the feeling that this is the
original calling Of his race, that he himself
is only excused from it by some circumstance
which made him delegate it for time to
other hands. If he has not some skill
which recommends him to the farmer, some
product for which the farmer will give him
corn, he must himself return to his due place
among the planters Aud the profession has
in all eyes its ancient charm as standing
nearest God, the First Cause. Then the
beauty of nature, the tranquility aud inno-
cence of the country, his independence and
his pleasing arts; the care OF bees, poultry,
sheep, cows, the dairy the care Of hay, Of
fruits, of orchards and forests, and the
reaction of these on the workman in giving
him a strength and plain dignity, like the
face and manners of nature-all men az
knowledge All men keep the farm in re-
serve as an asylum, where, in case of mis-
chance, to hide their poverty, or as a solitude
If they do not succeed in society. And who
knows how many glances of remorse are
turned this way trsm the bankrupts OF trade,
from mortified pleaders in courts and senates
or from the victims of idleness and pleasure
Poisoned by the town life aud town vices,
the sufferer resolves "Well, my children,
whom | have injured, shall 90 back to the
land, to be recruited and cured by that
which should have been my nursery, aud
now shall be their hospital
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04

more truly albuminous than any other corn
a large surplus Of sugar remaining in the
plant after the ear is mature, have tenden-
cy to stool and bear several ears from each
stalk generally dull white. Represented by
Early Minnesota, Stowell, Darling Concord,
etc
4. Sub.SpecieS-Dent Corn-Character-
istics. Seed coats extended and not filled by
the albumen, finally producing a dent at the
outer end Of the grain and sometimes a
sharp edge or point OF indurated seed coat,
not apt to stool and generally single-eared ;
various colors. Represented by Dent, Gourd
Seed, Hackbery, etc.
5. Su6.Species-Pop Corn-Oharacteris-
tics. Finty grains popping open with quick
heat producing many ears and stooling, the
tassol projecting but little beyond the upper
leaf sheath
6. SuJ-Species-RiJbon Corn-Striped
foliage.
7. Sub-Species-Kentucky Stock Corn
Having husk around every grain.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
For the VERMONT FARMER.
SAP HEATERS.

w." OF the Passumpsic Farmers Club,
inquiries in regard to the sap heater for use
in the evaporation Of sap.
The heater used in this vicinity was in.
vented and first put to use by Mr.. Oreu
Cummns, very ingenious farmer Of East
Montpelier, who is also the inventor Of many
mechanical contrivances. He conceived the
idea of the heater from the examination of
the boiler of locomotive.
When Mr.. 9. procured his first heater at
the shop, people claiming to be wise laugh
ed at him, but after sight Of the working Of
this first heater, one man procured one, then
another, until they are IN common use. At
the suggestion Of patent Mr.. q. says that
he receives benefit enough from his to pay,
and If they are worth anything to the farm.
ers, let them have them.
They are simply tin box made long
enough to Just fill in crosswise of the arch,
with shoulders at the ends to rest on the
sides, and should be deep enough to leave
about two inches space at the bottom be-
tween the heater aud the hearth or floor Of
She arch. They can be made of any desir-
able width-l4 or l6 inches is the most
common here. Mr.. G. put in twenty -four
two inch pipes through this box for the fire,
smoke and heat to pass into the hue of the
chimney. | believe less number Of pipes,
say eighteen, made two inches and half in
diameter, is found to be more desirable un.
less for large number Of trees. A pipe or
outlet on the front side runs the sap when
heated through pipe and regulator or feeder
into ouc or more pans. Some run the sap
into each pan others into one and connect
with sphons, by which they do all the SIR
uping down in one pan, and by having an
extra pan they can change as often as they like
without diminishing the heat or loss Of time,
thereby making sirup equal in quality to
that made by any evaporator. A pipe from
the feeding holder through Que end of the
heater connects with feeder inside and keeps
the heater all right A heater with two
pans will evaporate sap faster than three
pans Of the same size without the heater.
The heater can be put into any arch by
leugtheniug the arch the width Of the heater II
the pans are of the old style or aaring at top,
a piece Of sheet iron should be fitted in be-
tween the heater and the pan. The common
way here is to make the pans the largest at
the bottom and set them crosswiso of the
arch being the largest at the bottom they
will set close together, and need no bar be
tween them.
Mr.. q. taps some 400 trees, and says that
with his heater and three sheet-and-a-halt
pans, he has never had days work boiling
sap.
The circular put out by the company
manufacturing the Corey evaporator, con-
tains no certificate or account Of the reduc-
tion Of sap equal to what Mr.. G. claims he
can do with his heater and three pans A.
Montpelier, VI. March, 10, 1873.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
3urtitulture.
Reported for the vERSoSr FARMER
CHAMPLAlN VALLEY HORTICUL-
TURAL SOCIETY.

A horticultural meeting under the auspi-
ces of this society was held at Sheburne,
March l4th. The number of orchardists
present was not large, out, as all participat-
ed freely in the lively discussions which oc.
cupied a great part of the session, the occa-
sion was very interesting aud satisfactory
one
DIR. A. d, Taggart presided over the meet.
ing, and much of its success was due to his
skill in drawing out from individuals the
practical knowledge each possessed relative
to the subjects under discussion.
Robert j White, of the Sheburne Point
Nursery, and secretary of the society, read a
paper replete with sound, practical instruc-
ton, such as only person of Mr.. Whites
extended experience in growing trees, and in
planting and caring for orchards, and an in.
innate acquaintance with the business of
fruit-growing in his vicinity, is prepared to
give. AS the paper will probably appear in
the FARMER, at a later date, we will not un-
dertake to condense its directions for obtain
ing the highest success.
Leo Tracey, Esq, one of the largest Or
chardists of Shelburne Point, fully endorsed
the recommendations Of Mr.. Whites paper,
except the distance tor setting apple trees
therein mentioned. instead of twenty-five
feet, he would, from his experience, prefer
two rods apart each way.
N. X. Miller, Esq, a large orchardist of
the same vicinity, also favored a distance of
two rods He has an orchard at twenty-five
feet, and now, at twenty years Of age, the
limbs already intertwne Has shortened in
the limbs, but cant manage the trees, and
don't know what TO do with them
Mr., Degree, of Hnesburgh, was interested
in this question Of distance. His trees were
only sixteen feet apart. Ought he to remove
every other one? Advised by Mr. Tracey,
aud others, TO wait until they began to crowd,
as they might bear considerably before that
time.
g, q. Pringle thought the diversity Of
opinion respecting the proper distance to
plant fruit trees capable of explanation
Some varieties from slower or more upright
habit of growth require less distance than
others. Twenty-Five feet is ample room tor
Early Joe, Primate, Tetofsky and many 9th =
ers Again,on dry Or thin soil of only mode
rate fertility, this distance will do very well
for all kinds of apples The greatest profit
was to be obtained by quite close planting
80 as to have the whole ground producing
fruit at an early day, After twelve to TWEEN
ty years the excess of trees should gradually
be removed, On wind-swept ridges, there
was another advantage from this course, the
mutual protection the more closely planted
young trees afford each other. But none
should venture upon this method who lack
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
THAT AR AND MORE OF 1T.

= Ippesi for Are TO the SsFtant Of the MesnRhoass.
BY A. CASPER.
q Se1tant Of the meetinhouse, wich sweeps
And dusts, or is supposed too and makes fires,
And lites the gass and sometimes loose,
In which case it smells orful worse than Iamp-le
And wriugs the Bel and toles il when men dyes
To the grief Of survvln pardners aud sweeps pathes
And for the servasses gifts 500 per anuu,
Wich them that thinks does, let EN- try il
Gettin up before star.lite in all Wethers and
Kindlin hers when the wether is cold
As zero, and like as not green wood for kindlers;
! wouldn't be hired to do it for no some
But Sextant! there one kermodity
Wich's than gold, wich dosnt cost nothin,
Worth more than anything eIsept the sole Of Mann
mean pewer Are, seXtAnt, mean pewer are!
y 1t is 50 plenty out dores, so plenty II dOant
No what on earth to dew with itself, but hies
About scattern leaves and BLOWN of mems hats;
In short its just "a FIRE rs are " out dOres,
But sextant in our church, its scarce pety,
Scarse as bank bills when agnts beg for mischnns,
Wich some say Is pretty often tant nothin to me,
Wat give aint nothn to nobody but sextant,
U shet 800 men wimin and children,
Speshally the latter, up in tite place
Some has bad breths, none amt to swete,
Some is fevery, is scroflus has bad teeth
Aud some haint none, and some aint over clean
DuL every on EN- DTeetlos IN out unu out a tl
Say so times a minnt, million and ahalf breths an
Now how long will church ful Of last at that rate
l ask you' Say Is minits, and then watts to be did
Why then they must brsthe it all over agin,
And then agin, and on, till each has took 1t down
At least 10 times and let it up again, and watts
The same individual doant have the priyeldge
or breathin his own are, and no ones else
Each one must take whatever comes tO him.
o seItant, dOant zoe know our lungs Is bellusses,
To bio the der Of life, and keep it from
Coin out and how can belluses bio without wind,
And amt wind arel Iput it to your oonshe ne.
Are is the to milk to babes,
Or water is to fish, pendlums to cloG-
Or roots aiTbs unto an injun Doctor,
OR little pills unto an homepath,
Or boys to gurls. Are is for Us to brethe.
Wat signifies who breaches If can't breathe
Waits Poll Watts Pollusl 10 sinners who are ded
Ded for want Of bret why sextant, when we
Dye its only can't Orsthe no mOre-tha ats all.
And now, sextant, let me beg Of you
2 let little are into our church,
Pewer is sertn proper for the pews,
And dew 1t weak days and sundys two
1t amt much trouble-only make II hole
An the are will come in of itself
ut luys to come in where it can git warm .
And how II will rouz the people up
And spirit up the precher, aud stop garps,
And yawns and hggits as efiectooal
As wind the dry Boans the Profit tells Of
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04

two pans in one arch to boil with, one three
feet square in front, and one two and one.
fourth by FIVE feet, back My front pan
used to sugar off with, (by the use Of a
crane rightly constructed could raise it
or lower it, while sugaring, as | wished)
Last spring had made to order two pans
of galvanized iron, three feet square, and a
heater to suit my own fancy, viz: high. and
depth as usual, tubes twenty inches instead
of sixteen in length and the tubes we're put
in in perpendicular lines, or one directly
oUer the other. The advantage is that by so
placing your tubes you can clean your heat
or better, because you can have access to the
whole bottom. believe that Uhamberlin 4
Co., at West Burke have patterned after
my plan in all, or nearly all, that they have
made since ordered NINE. 1t has hereto
fore heen considered a difficult job to clean
one whose tubes are set in irregular lines
only by rinsing as we'll as you can, Again
get five or six extra tubes in the same space
u .a
so you will see by increasing the length of the
tubes, and the number also, have added to
the heating surface with but little extra
expense.
gather my sap into my draw-tub, and
with one and one-half inch rubber hose |
draw it into my holders, one or more as
wish, without starting my team. | then
draw it from my feed holder through FIVE
feet of three-fourths inch rubber hose and a
self-acting faucet or feeder | then draw
the heated sap from the heater just above
the top of the pans, by two one-half inch
rubber pipes and two sell.acting faucets, (of
my own invention, more than twenty-five
years ago, and which my brother has had in
use every year since,) into the two pans.
These faucets are cheap, aud reliable under
any head, be it more or less, so that all of
my fixtures have cost but little in ccmpar-
son to the benefit to be derived from them in
one season.
Ia making my sirup, do not make it as
thick as | used to do, for it will not settle so
we'll and clear if too thick dip it from the
pan into settling tubs holding some twenty
quarts, smallest at the bottom, without
straining let them stand until well set
tled-from twelve to twenty hours-then
pour off and strain, and if of the right
thickness it will be clear aud nice then su-
gar off as soon as convenient.
If cleanliness has been the motto up to
this time, shall not have much scum in su-
caring off, unless put in milk and eggs or
something else to make it, but the more
put in the more scum | shall have, aud in
my opinion the sugar will not be so white
for it.
In regard to holders or vats should pre-
fer clstern in the ground below frost, Il
could then drive team over or alongside Of
it aud empty without waste,) with pipe
leading from the bottom to the heater or
pans, the sap to be governed by a self-acting
feeder. Such cistern will keep the sap
cooler aud sweeter for long time
NATHAN WAY.
West Burke, March 10.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04

A somewhat amusing circumstance took
place, not thousand miles from here, which
was on this wise. One lovely morning the
past summer, the matron of a certain house.
hold which shall be nameess, armed with
hoe, took her station in the garden for the
purpose Of exterminating some weeds that
were making themselves obnoxious by ap-
proprating more than their share of the nu-
tritive elements designed for her strawber-
ries. While thus employed, a gentleman
who wished to see her husband rode up, and
taking her for lass of some sixteen sum-
mers-he knew they had such daughter
saluted her with Good morning, Sis; is
your father at home?" Now the cream of the
joke is this: Two married daughters being
at home on a visit at the time, with four
children between them, the Sis " had FIVE
children and four grandchildren in the house
at the time. Her answer was not calculated
to undeceive the gentleman, so | presume
that he has not the least idea to this day but
that he addressed the daughter instead OF
the mother. l.. IL. B.
Randolph, VI.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1873-04-04
PEN SpaIiers.
A head wind-A sneeZe.
A fine thing-S3 and pnsts

A head wind-A sneeZe.
A fine thng-S3 and costs.
A very dry tap-The tap of the drum.
Good advice for the blind: Get married :
that is sure TO open your eyes.
Young ladies use powder, perhaps because
they think it will make them go of.
A good thing for the elevation Of women (:
Thick-soled boots.
Mr.. Caude observes that bee-stung is bad
and hornet-stung is worse, but neither is
comparable with womans tongue.
II you are satisfied that the mother would
make the right kind of mother-in-law, you
kan safely konklude that the daughter would
make a right kind ov II wife.
"Ienny, you're apig, said II father to his
five-year old boy. e" Now do you know what
n pig is, Lennyp" Yes, sir, hogs little
boy
veterinary surgeon who lives at VIII
mington tried TO founder his mOther-n-
law by dancing polka with her until she
got warmed up, and then giving her all the
iced lemonade she could drink.
Margery, what did you do with the tai
low that Mr. Jones creased his boots with TO-
dayP" Please maam, fried the griddle
cakes with it, Lucky, for thought you
had wasted it,
Susan" said a girl, looking out OF the
upper story of a grocery store, addressing an
other girl who was trying to enter NJ the front
door we've all been to prayer meeting and
been converted so when you want lager
ON Sunday you will have to come in at the
back door
Conversation between an lnquiring stran-
yer and steamboat pilot That Is Black
mountain? Yes sir; highest mountain above
Lake George ANY story or legend connect
ed with that mountain? Lots of 'em. Two
lovers went up that mountain once aud nev
en- came back again lndeed-why; whaI
became orthen? Went down on the Other
side.
We owe it 10 ourselves fully to realize al
that is admirable and excellent in others
We owe It 10 them to tell them that we dt
so. There are more virtues than mercy thai
are twice blest, and this of awarding 9th
ers their due stands high among them. Lei
MS think first, rs we ought, Of what our praise
can do for our fellow-creatures last of wha
Al can do iOr ourselves,