The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1873-08-23
SCIENTIFIC AND MECHANICAL.

tlon VIII be held at Montreal on September
10, II, Is, and I9, 1873. In all depart
ments, the competition is opened to exhib-
ltors from any part Of the world The
whole fields of agriculture and manufac-
lures, commercial and domestic, are Gov
cred by the long list If premiums. Mr..
Georges Leclere is is the secretary, who
will furnish full particulars if addressed at
Montreal, p. Q.
A GENTLENAS who has tried it, says the
best way to catch q rat, which has found
ITS way into your room, is to lay boot fat
upon the floor, close to the mold board.
The rat will run into the boot leg for pro
lection, when he is readily captured
A SPLENDID passenger depot IA nov Ia
course of erection ID Washington, by the
Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Company.
The building is l37 by $40 feet, and located
at the corner Of 9th and b streets.
New METHOD OF PROTECTING rms
PLATES OF IRON FROM CORRosIoN To
prevent the corrosive action Of bilge water
upon the iron plates of iron ships. James
Young has suggested and tried the use of
lime, To neutralize the acid Of the water
Actual experiment, continued for several
months, shows that a small quantity Of
corroslon Of the iron plates.
PERILs oF BALLooNINu. Frank K
King is reported to have made a balloon
ascension from Morristown, Vermont. IN
the 4th Of July. When he had risen 10
the hight of nearly three milee he encoun-
tered a snow storm, which - loaded the
top of the balloon that it Was driven down.
and he landed IN deep forest some eight
miles distant. II took a searching party.
Of hve hundred strong, forty-eighht hours
70 hnd him. He was discovered in fam
lshing and exhausted condition. but had
sustained no other injury.
o. the eight Coriss engines ii the VI
emma exhibition, two come from Switzer-
land, one from Belgium, two from Ger
many, and three from Austria.
The AMERICAN PAPER TRApE.-D D1,r,u,
the year 1872 there were IN operation in
the United States Sl2 paper mills, owned
by 200 hrms, and Of All estimated value Of
over 81, 600, OU In addition to this -
tual value q mill property, there il 10 be
added the usual working capital, twenty
two and half per cent. of the value " the
mills, thus making the total capital invest
ed ia paper making throughout the country
about S43, 900 900. The mills employ II :
APO male and !, 200 female hands. besides
922 children, OF a total of ~, O42 laborers
whose wages amount yearly to the large
sum Of nearly SO, 900, 600 dollars Their
product amounted last year TO 3I7. 3s7
tons, valued at 500 i1J s25 The total
number of engines running is 1928. be-
sides 2y9 Fourdnnier and OSy cylinder mn
chimes. Paper Trade Journal
WnIparbaunrt,.,
lately sent to this country for their iron.
which American manufacturers could sup-
ply more cheaply than English maker,
hampered by labor troubles and famine
prices for coal. These manufacturers are
now complaining in their turn of the an
perIority Of American manufacturers
American hardware, they say, is not only
| driving their English product out Of Amer
lean markets, but L. dispossessing them IN
the Colonial and South American markets.
These facts are the highest possible tribute
70 American industry and skill, and prove
that We are yet able TO compete successful
ly with the English manufacturer.
IL all the United States. ACCORDING p,
the census report, there are only ri ono
persons of all ages employed in the manu-
tacture OF woolen goods. The entire pro
duct Of manufactured woolens is valued at
| Sl35. .OOO, 900 and the entire capital invested
~ that business y but $98, 900, OOO. much ~
which y nominal IN the shape of watered
stock. The entire wages Of the persons
employed IN the manufacture of wooden
/ goods Is about S3O, 900, 900 year The -
latious which wool has to corn NAV be seen
/ In the following statistics The farmers of
this state (lllinOis, for instante, have in
vested IN cultivated land 1914. 600 900 and
the working Of tins land gives employment
to 3l6,OOO hands. Two counties in this
state have an annual surplus of bread
stuhs more than sufficient ID feed every
man, woman and child engaged IN tbs
whole United States in the manufacture ~
iron, woolea and cotton goods.
From advance sheets Of the third ynl-
ume of the census Of 1870, relating "a ~
dustry and wealth, we deduce the follow
ing facts in illustration of the condition of
wages throughout the country IN manufae-
turing establishments We find that the
whole number Of persons EMPLOYED was
?. O53 800, and that the whole amount maid
in wages $175, 5S4, 343 80 that the average
annual wages of men, women and children
IN ali the manufacturing establishments Il,
the United States, were only $500 ~ W,
per cent, less than in Massachusetts alon,.
If We reckon 300 working days in the wear
this gives only an average Of Sl.lO a day
for all the hands employed, and this paid IN
deprecated currency. These are low
wages. They are probably lower in mr.
chasing power than were the gold wages of
1860, which, as calculated from similar
data in the census, we're in the AVERAGE I'M
all the hands, $3.50 In 1850 thew wer,,
$3.50 Between 1850 and 1860. wages N
manufactures, all classes taken toget 49,
rose sixteen per cent; between 1850 and
1870, they fell rather than rose-not noD,-
inally, but in reality.
The LARGEST STEAM ENGINE IN ~.
WORLD Pittsburgh claims to have in nro-
gress of construction a pair of engines
which will be the most powerful In tbs
World. Reducing the capacity of soIna i,
the largest pumping engines to a uniform
lift of one foot in twenty-four hours \ l.
found that the one at the Lehlgh zin,
mines will lift 3, 456, 900, 900 gallons ths
pair At the Chicago water works. 4 NV
OOO, 900 gallons the pair at Haarlem Hol
land, 10000, 600 go gallons while III.
new Pittsburgh engines will lift "a Dan
OOO, 900 gallons. The pair will vs,ab
800 tuns, and will cost $423. 55O r.
following dimensions will serve Ia nv
some idea Of the magnitude CraDLS -ls.e
tuns shaft, twenty-four tUns our sec
! tions of two valve chambers. me hundred
and twenty tuns fly wheel seventy tuns.
The four plungers VIZ "elgh upwards Of
four hundred tuns. Cylinder, sixty-four
inches III diameter stroke, fourteen feet
Plungers forty incIes diameter eleven feet
stroke This poaderous piece Of machin-
E cry will be useJto raise water into High
land avenue reservoir in Pittsburgh, a
night of three hundred and fifty six feet
7 IL is estimated 1t will raise seventy million