davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

of Judge Advocate General, an extraneous
kind OF demi-legal, semi-military position, to
which no appointment had been made since
Mr.. Dawson, Q, c., after holding Office few
days, was found dead in his bed.
The duties, which are not very i'm
portant, were discharged by the deputy, an
Irish barrister named O'Dowd, and some thou
sands year were saved to the revenue. This
proceeding of Mr.. Gladstone is exactly on
par with SO much that he does, which is the
result Of undertaking. his opponents. By this
act he has given the conservatives hustings
cry. They will ask the Gladstonians, 'How
about Ayrtons appointment" and when the
word 'retrenchment' is mentioned opposition
candidates will remind the electors how
lapsed Office was resuscitated for the purpose
of giving sop to barking dog. As for Mr..
Adam, who succeeds Mr.. Ayrton, he has the
advantage of being gentleman and one who
is popular in society. Every one has kind
word for "Willie ADAM" but beyond this he
is no more fitted for his Office than was his
predecessor, which is saying good deal.
AS we have said before, the new Postmaster
General is yet unnamed The London Times
recommends that some man of influence and
determined will should be appointed-one
who would insist on holding the reins of
Office himself, and not be influenced by Mr..
Scudamore. We venture to think that it will be
found that there is no need for all this energy.
It is most probable that Mr.. Scudamore, who
has worked in his department with energy
and assiduity alike marvellous who, in his
blind ''zeal for the SERVICE" has again and
again refused offers of double his official
salary from large business companies appre-
ciating his extraordinary powers of organiza-
tion, will be disgusted by the ingratitude he
has experienced and remain content to 'slet
things slide" Mr.. Monsell was appointed to
please the Irish Roman Catholics. There are
ever plenty Of malcontents of all classes and
Mr.. Gladstone can offer the Postmaster Gen
eralship as bait for the allegiance of one of
them.
We have left Mr.. Brights return to office
to the last, because we think it Of very slight
importance. "Les absenas ont toayours tort"
and during Mr.. Bright's enforced retirement
he has lost much of his old prestige. His
name is no longer one to conjure with, and
some Of his printed comments on public
affairs have wounded those whose faith in him
was strongest. In the sinecure which he has
accepted he has no power to WELD beyond
that Of extensive church patronage, which
will be oddly placed in o Quakers hands, and
but little greater opportunity of serving his
comrades than he had in his retreat. Finally,
itseems to us that the shutting of the cards has
been impertectly performed, and that before
many months are over English public opinion
will call for new deal
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

THE SHAH AND THE GRAND VIz1ER AS soon
as the King of Kings reached home he got
into Teheran passion and popped his Grand
vizier into prison. The royal anger is re-
ported to have been reused by that officials
attitude towards Mr.. Reuter- to whom he and
other Persian officials have rooted dislike.
1t was, of course, to be expected that the Grand
vizier's head would roll Independent of his
body, according to the fine Persian manner
of treating Objectionable public servants but
the Shah has learned of civilization on his
Western tour. Here our rulers pat people on
the back who have betrayed public trust, give
them certificates of character, send them to
foreign missions or promote them little.
These lessons were not thrown away on the
Shah. Before his visit he would have
decaptated his Colfaxes, bowstrung his
Binghams and sent his Sheppards to the
shambles. lie has changed all that.
Instead of making the Grand Vizier
crime against Reuters Board of Works CAPT.
tai offence he makes him Governor of capi-
tai. 1t may not be considered promotion,
but the Shah, like other reformers, must begin
by slavishly copying others he is only o
beginner and will improve. The Grand
Vizier will find balm in Ghilap. If not Gilead.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

The Grangers and Their Dangers.
That which was but short time ago O
simple organization among agriculturists for
mutual protection and benefit has grown to
be giant power, affecting the commercial
and political as well as the agricultural inter-
ests of the country. We refer to the Changers,
or the Patrons Of Husbandry. In this wide
spread influence of the Grangers it may not be
out Of place to suggest an idea or two that
may enable them to avoid dangers that always
beset similar organizations when not strictly
confined to the special purposes for which
they were originated. In the first place they
should beware Of the intrigues of political
tricksters, who are ever ready to seize upon
organized bodies like theirs and shape them
to suit their personal uses and to insure
their personal aggrandizement 1t matters
not which party may have its represen-
tative demagogues in these organiza-
tions, it is certain that neither of
them will work for the especial benefit of the
masses who compose the bodies. If there is
o selfish, sordid mortal in the world it is your
professional politician and chronic place
this class of people and set their faces as hard
as a stone wall against their Vaccinations.
In the next place these Changers should not
while reposing confidence in their acknowl-
edged strength and influence, demand too
much from the monopolies of whose exaotions
and extortions they have just reason to COM
plain. Let them move carefully and judi
ciously in working out the reforms they seek,
and not embarrass valuable roads by unneces-
sary and untimely pressure. There are not
many branch roads, Independent Of the main
trunks, that are able to pay dividends, if they
even succeed in meeting their running
expenses; and these roads are constructed
with view to open up new terri
tories and farming lands, and thus benefit
the agriculturist 1t is difficult now
to raise money to complete roads already in
progress and the work on some Of them in
the West has been entirely suspended in con-
sequence of the inability of the companies to
sell their bonds. In others, and we need go
no further than New Jersey for examples
freight Is rotting on the lines of some roads,
because the bonds Of the companies are dead
on the market and funds cannot be obtained
to construct double or more tracks. The rail-
road business in some sections is, no doubt,
overdone-scme companies may be nothing
short of absolute frauds-but at the same time
this is no reason why healthy and useful
roads-roads that do legitimate business at
reasonable rates for freight and passenger
travel--should be condemned, and by unwise
action be compelled to suspend operations
altogether. While the Grangers are calcu-
lated to accomplish much good in the way of
railroad reform, let them not overdo the thing,
make failure and create disaster all around.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

A TRAIN RUNNING OVER A Cow has before
now resulted fatally to the passengers. In
Michigan two persons were killed and several
injured by this means. In districts thinly
populated where the roads are not fenced in,
the straying of cattle on the track is a
frequent cause of danger and delay. Great
carefulness is necessary on the part of en-
gineers. Farmers and stock owners along such
routes are greatly to blame for the negli-
gence which so often makes such dangers
to the travelling public end in dis
aster. The matter should come within
the cognizance of the law in the various
States. Where the chance of actual loss will
not make cattle owners careful fine for the
neglect should follow every case of such stray
ing Of cattle, while the loss OF Lives therefyom
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

ana as little quiet will do him good he will
seek Reshd with thankful heart. He must,
if he has heard of America, wish that his
royal master had come here and studied our
ways on the spot.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

NEW YORK HERALD
BROADWAY AND ANN STREET.
JAMES GORDON BENNETT,
PROPRIETOR
Rejected communications will not be re-
turned.
THE DAILY HERALD published every day In the
,eor, Four cents per copy. Annual subscription
price s1a.
Volume xxxvIH. H......................No. 26O
ADJUSTMENTS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING
BOOTHS THEATRE. Sixth and Twenty third st.
Rir VAN WlSKLE
NEW LYcEUM THEATRE. l4th street and 9th av-
NorRE DAn.
METROPOLITAN THEATRE, sss Broadwas.-vAnnrr
ENrrRrAINxxSr. Matinee at2h.
BowERY THEATRE Bowcry-HAsDsoxr JACK
MARKED FOR LIFE.
wALLACK's THEATRE, Broadway and Thirteenth
sreet.-CoLLExS BAws
BROADWAY THEATRE 72s and 7sO Broadway-oPERA
BoUrrE-LA PkRIcHoLA
OLYMPIC THEATRE. Broadway, between Houston
and Bleecker sts--sISsAD THE SAILOR Matinee at~
THEATRE CoMIoUE, No 5l4 Broadway-vARIETY
ENTERTAINMENT Matinee at Z7s'
UNION SQUARE THEATRE, Union square, near
Broadway ay.-fnE 8ELLxs OF TIKI KITCHEN
NIBIo,s GARDEN Broadway between Prince and
Houston sts-TnE BLACK CRooK. Matinee at Ia.
GRAND OPERA HOUSE, Eighth av. and Twenty third
st-WANpKRING JEW.
ACADEMY OF MUSIC, i4th street and Irving place
OTHxLIO.
MRS. F. B. ooNwAY's BROOKLYN THEATRE
OTHKLLo.
PARK THEATRE. Brooklyn, opposite City Hail.
MONEY.
GERMANIA THEATRE, l4th street and Sd avenue
DAs MncHNAEDcHEs AUS scnoESEnxRc
WOODS MUSEUM. Broadway, corner Thirieth St
BEN McCuLLouGn. Afternoon and evening
ROBINSON HALL. sixteenth strcet-THE ROYAL
MARIosErrxs. Matinee ats
BRYANT's OPERA HOUSE. Twenty-third ST., corner
eth av.-NfCRo MINs1RELsY. &C
TONY PASTORS OPERA HOUSE. No POI Bowcry.-
VARIETY ENTERTAINMENT.
HooLEY's OPERA HOUSE, Court street Brooklyn.-
SAN FRANCISCO MINSrRELs.
BAIN HALL. Great Jones street between Broadway
and Bowery-THE PILGRIM.
CENTRAL PARK GARDEN-surxrn NIGHTS Cox.
CERrs
AMERICAN INSTITUTE FAIR, Sd av between 6Si
ard Gath streets Afternoon and evening.
NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, No. 6ls Broad
way.-SCIKNCE ART
DIR. KAHN's MUSEUM, No. 6ss Broadway SCIENCE
Art.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

The SHORES OF THE BLAoK SEA AND Bos-
PHoRus have been swept by violent storm,
which has caused terrible and most fatal de-
sells were wrecked, and two hundred and sixty
five corpses have been washed ashore at one
point on the coast. Fitful gales seem to give
premontion, in various parts of the world, of
the approach of severe winter.
The LAST OF THE GERMAN TRooPs left French
soil yesterday morning at half past nine
O'Clock, and the French are left to themselves,
where they have often found their worst enc
mics.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

METROPOLITAN THEATRE 5S5 Broadway " ARIErY
ENTERTAINMENT. Matinee at 2x.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

NEW LYCEUM THEATRE. l4th street and 9th av.-
NOrRR DAMN.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17
A Tale Of Three Ctttss.

By this title, which smacks of the novel
literature of the day, our readers must not
suppose we are going to write romance in
paragraph. We mean by the three cities
New York, Brooklyn and Jersey City, and
instead of romance we refer to facts known
and read Of by all men. The tale is the
municipal corruption and the crimes of NUM-
cipal officers of these three cities. We might
really say the tale of many cities, including
especially Washington, Newark and Phila-
delphia, for corruption and thieving have
prevailed there as we'll as at and in the
neighborhood of this metropolis. Here,
however, in the three cities particu-
larly named, we have pretty much one COM
munity. True, the municipal organizations
are different, and one of the places, Jersey
City, is in another State, yet commercially and
socially they are but part of the metropolis,
though separated by the North and East rivers.
They seem, too to be under the same or like
influence morally. The stupendous frauds of
the Tammany Ring, though exposed, and
though the offenders are overthrown and
fugitives from justice, have not made our
neighbors more virtuous. The escape of the
Tammany rascals, so far, appears to have in
spired in the rings of Brooklyn and Jersey
City and the high municipal officials there
sense Of immunity aud shamelessness. Look
ing at the easy escape of Connolly, the defiant
resistance of Tweed to the laws and law
officers and at the izzle generally of all
the efforts, to bring the cuiprits to JUS
treasury plunderers concluded. no doubt,
that law is a farce, or that, at
all events, the money they could steal
would compensate them for whateye.
punishment they might have to endure. The
failure of punishment for crime begets fresh
criminals. And when the highest official
yes, IN the federal government condones
or honors, even, those guilty of dis
honesty, Low can we expect anything but
general decentralization? The evil is that men
in Office, particularly in high office, are too
apt to look upon thieving or appropriating to
themselves public money as a slight offence,
as if there were any difference between
robbing the people or an individual employer.
Robbery is robbery in one case as in another,
and, if there be any difference, the robbers of
the public treasury are the worst criminals.
What we want are able and honest prosecut-
ing attorneys and inAexible justice in the
courts to bring these official rascals to exem-
| plary punishment
THE SHAH AND THE GRAND vIzrER.-As soon
as the King of Kings reached home he got
into Teheran passion and popped his Grand
vzier into prison. The royal anger is re-
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

OLYMPIC THEATRE. Broadway between honstor
and Bleecker sts-SIyBAD THE SAILOR Matinee at =
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

THEATRE COMIoUE, No. 54 Broadway.-VARIErY
ENTERTAINMENT. Matinee at21
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

BROADWAY THEATRE. 72s and 73O Broadway.-oFrRA
B0UrFK-LA PERICAoLA.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17
ADJUSTMENTS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

BooTH,s THEATRE, Sixth av and Twenty third st.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

BowERY THEATRE, Bowery.-HANpsoxE JACK
MARKED FOR LIFE.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

wALLACK's THEATRE Broadway and Thirteenth
street.-CoLLExH BAwN.
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

on the waves of new and desirable destiny,
and are to remember that Cesarism was only
possible with the Romans when they had be-
come hallowed by centuries Of credit and
honor.
No. While we accept this contingency, let
us rather recognize as Americans o more Sc
rious duty and graver responsibility, for our
history has inspirations as ennobling as those
Of Numa Pompilius and Junius Brutus.
Having fought for independence and
gained it:
Having made ON honorable, if not alto
gether successful, struggle for maritime rights
in 1912 against the gigantic power of Eng
land:
Having proved to Vice Presidents, like
Aaron Burr, that fame and genius could not
save evil deeds from shame
Having under jackson crushed out such
| treason as notification by the declaration
that the Union must and should be preserved
Having vindicated the national sovereignty
against Mexico, showing magnanimity unusual
in the day of conquest and annexation by
treating the conquered Republic as O neiphbor
nd friend:
Having condoned the selfish and almost
c,ir, ,inal conduct of General Scott in Mexico
in " ithdrawing our troops from the capital,
nv non ,nating him for the Presidency of the
limited States, and making him General of the
army:
Having G onsolidated the Union and emanci-
pated the sla YES by cruel and oppressive war:
Having. fin ally. vindicated the wisdom of
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

UNION SQUARE THEATRE, Union square, near
Broadway-fnE BELLKs THE KITCHEN
The New York herald., 1873-09-17

Already we "see the front of battle lower"
and have little doubt that the coming down.
fall of the Ministry will, early in the session,
be accelerated by some ungracious act, some
bitter gibe of the new Home Secretary.
AS it became absolutely necessary to silence
Mr.. Ayrton, whose coarse, rough brusquerie
and professed ignorance of and indifference
to matters with which it was his duty to be
acquainted had disguised alike the min
isterialists and the opposition, and as Mr..
Ayrton, having tasted official loaves and fishes,
declined to give them up without On equiva-
lent, it became necessary to do something for
him. This something was to revive the Office
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
sTAseEIO DIRECTORY.
LODGES.


soryu MxxPHrs, No. l1s--meets I'd Friday
q, esrt raOnth-han corner Madison and sec
ond. Ben. K. Pullen. W. NJ. A. "heeier'
Se ITaseox1. No. les-msets lst Monday in
.-ayv month. al Odd Fellows Hall corner
Cont and Main. C. g. Locke. W. NJ; b.
Richmond. Sscreta-y;o =.
ITT1a ScoTT, No. 2s9-ineets LIST THURSDAY
of aaak month--hall corner Madison and Sec
eond. A. 7. Davis. W. NJ; +. Goldsmith,
os nVso-o' No. 2oe-raests Sd Friday Of each
-,nntb- {1id Fellows' Hall. Bun. 7. Price,
~ NJ: K. W. Shelton, Secretary:
Vu.wrEErrG. No. 3H-meets 4th Friday OF
..ch MONTH"; South Memphis Hall. corner
N Madison and Second. Richard creighton,
W. NJ; Louis CIapski, Secretary.
ROYAL ARCH.
PExx CHkPTKR. No. 2-meets q monday OF
e.rb mouth-Odd Feilows' Hall. Dbl orEter,
M-E.H.P.;A A. j. Wheeler, Secretary.
MRypH1s CHAPTER, No. 95-meee Al Odd
EeIlovs' Hall, Sd Monday Of each month. W.
s. Matthews. NJ. Z. II. p; K. W. Shelton
Secretary.
ErpxxA CouxcII, No. 6-meets Sd Thurs
A.. ~ sach month-Odd Fellows Hall. G..
Reder. IN. H.; @. II. Myers, Rec.
TKNPLARs.
CvuKrK CONMAKDERY. No. 4--meets 9Th Mon
day ofIeach month. Geo. Mellersh. Com. I.
- ,1T.TY CHIPrEk OF ROSE CRoIx, 18th. No.
I. Charles W. Adams, SD. NJ. w.; IL.
Tomiiusou. 32d. Sec.'.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
PRICE OF TICKETS.

Whole tickets, $50; halves, SOS; tenths, or
each coupon, s.; eleven whcle tickets for $500;
twenty-five and a half tickets for $1,000; one
hundred and thirteen whole tickets for 5000 (;
two hundred and twonty-seven whole tickets
for $4,000. No discount on less than $500
worth Of tickets at TIM.
The unparalleled success Of the Third Gift
Concert as we'll as the satisfaction given by
the First and Second makes it only necessary
TO announce the Fourth TO insure the prompt
sale Of every ticket. The Fourth Gift Con-
cert will be conducted in all its details like
the Third, and full particulars may be learned
from circulars which will be sent free from
this Office TO all who apply for them.
Tickets now ready for sale and all orders ac-
companied by tho money promptly filled.
Liberal terms given to those who buy to sell
again. TflOS. y. BIZ AMLETrE.
Agent Publ. Libr. Ky. and Manager Gift Con-
cert. Public Library Building, Louisville,
Kentucky. wskw-l42-7S
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23

side Of his mouth and eoolly remarked
"None Of your Odd business" Aud
Il wasn't either.
Az Sunday school concert the other
evening, at Atlanta. the following oe'
eurred Little fellow (reoiting his verse
~ Am the Bread Of Life" Superin-
tendent Questioning him as to his
knowledge Of the Bible)-"who said |
am the Bread Of LfeT" Little fellow
lin surprise)-"I said H."
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
TTnited Ancient OFdeT Of Druids

meets at the Druid Hall. No. 81 South Court
street, on the LIST and Sd Tuesday evenings in
zach month. J. s; Hsiligers.. n. A.; J.
SeehleT, v. All z. W. Bgttinghaus. Score
MENPHIs GROVE. No. 2-meets at the Druid
Hall, 81 Court street. every Thursday evening.
Wm' Nj. Loeb, N. A.; II. 0ertel. v. A; j.
P. Shide. Secretary Barney tray, Ireasurer-
aall, 81 Court street. on the LIST and Sd Mon
day evenings in each month. A. Davis.
IA: George w. Baxter, ". A.; N. Bren,
Secretary; Martin Cohen. Treasurer.
the Druid Hall. on the ID and 9Th Tuesday
evenings in each month. J. Beehlor, Is. 3. A.
A. HitIfald. SecretarE.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
+ o. h. b. DIRECTORY.

DISTRICT GRASp LoDGE, No. "A. b. Frank
land, O.. n. A.; Lewis We1ler. g. s. General
Committee meets az the call Of the q. N. A.
EUPHRkTEs Lopez. No. s. daniel Schloss.
President; Isaac Schwab. Secretary. Meets
every Sunday at 9 an. at its hall. northwest
corner Second and Adams sireels.
HfDDEKEL LoDoE. No. lo0-Samuel HirEch.
President; Jos. Doernberg. Secretary. Meet
every Tuesday evening a. hall. northwest cor
ner second and Adams streets.
SnoN IUsEA lODGE, No. lsl-~- l.. Lee
President. Edward Goldsmith. Secretary.
Meets every Wednesday evening AZ hall. north
vest corner Second and Adams streets.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
Wednesday, December 8, 1873.

Only Sixty, thousand tickets will Be sold
European market, thus leaving only 5000 for
sale In the United states, whore 10000 we're
disposed Of for the Third Concert. The tickets
are divided into. ten coupons or parts, and
have on their back the scheme with full OK
PLANTATION OF the mode Of drawing.
Al this Concert, which will DO the grandest
musical display ever witnessed In this coun-
try. the UNPRECEDENTED sum Of
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
SPECIAL NOTIOEs.
obstaoles to Marriage.

Happy Relief for Young Men from the Of
fects Of errors and abuses In early life. Man
hood restored. Impediments TO marriage 70.
moved. New saelhod Of treatment. Newand
remarkable remedies. Books and circulars
sent free. In sealed envelopes. Address,
HOWARD ASSOCIATION, No. 2 South Ninth
street. Philadelphia, Pam institution hav-
ing high reputation for honorable conduct
and professional skill. nO-xvii-H
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
BARNUMJS HOTEL,
Cor. Broadway and Twentieth St.,
NEW YORK.
On BOth the American and I'm.
ropean Plans.

COMPLETE WITH ALL MODERN IN.
- proyementsi rooms en- suite ard single
ungurpassed, being in the very center ol
fashion and brilliant New York life. In rro1-
unity o. churches and places N amuTemerf.
and ..ord A Isylor's, Arnold A Constabies'
be hotel 4 under the manaremeuf 6f Al. -
barnum, formerly q Barnum'E Hotel. Balfi-
more I. n. Green. Of Dayton. Ohio. and re-
Gently u NsW York. and Freeman Barnurn. oi
harnln-s Hltel. 81 Louir. l55-fuI7-sl
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1873-09-23
r o. o. y. DIRECTORY
odd FeuowseHan. corner Main and North
Court streets.

odd FelIows:Han. corner Main and North
Court streets.
LODGES.
MxMPE1H LODGE, No. 6-meets every Tues-
day, A. w. Newsom, n. g.; Geo. w; emith'
v. g.; E. %. Milton, Secretary; <. e. RISK
Treasurer. ~
day night. Geo. W. /. Crook, n; g.; John
Garrow. v. e.; T. N. Holt. r. s.; Thomas
Bacon, P. s.; H. D. Cornell. Treasurer,
SoHIiLER Lopez, No. 140-meets every w ed
nesday night. John P. Hoffman, N. o.; Jos.
Achtmap. v. g.; IL. Shilling, Secretary Ph.
Maurer, Treasurer.
BANNER Lopez, No. 1lT-meets every Friday
night, VIM. Henry, N. g.; G. Gross; Y. r.. !;
F. Starr. P. and X. s.; George A. haring'
Treasurer.
DEGREE LODGE.
MEMPHIS DEGREE LoDeE No. 3-meets lst
Saturday of each month. Chas. NJ. Carroll,
ID. NJ; D. @. Trader, d. d. NJ; George w.
Mathews, A. D. NJ; I. s. bingham, Secre-
tary; Il. r. Jack, Treasurer.
RECAMPNENTs.
GAYoso EHcAMPMEET, No. 3-moets on the
LIST and Sd Thursday nights Of zach month.
r.. +. Alexander. c. P. Geo: W. Mathews,
HIP. John Garrow, s. W; Thomas Bacon.
S.; II. D. Cornell, T. +; Dan,l Shloss. VI;
MEMPHIS EEcAMPMEET. No. 3s-meets I'd and
9TH Thursday nights of each month. g. W.
Smith, c, p; @. II. Plisehke, III. p. p. J d.
Willard, S. w; 7. S. Jukes. Treasurer; W..
F. North, Scribe; E. X. Jack, j. W.