Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1873-06-19
The Crop-Maps of the Census.

census has just been applied to the
volume upon &c Industry and Wealth.
that is, the representation of statistical
results by colored charts. In the mat
ter, however, of maps delineating pro-
ductlon, the Superintendent had pecu-
liar difficulty. If, for instance, he wished
to represent the per capita production
of wheat, the natural method would be
to divide the aggregate crop of each
county by the population but under
this scale some of our best wheat coun-
ties which happen to contain large
town or manufacturing population,
would show the poorest production. Or
again, if two counties were taken of
equal area, and with entirely agricultural
population, and if one had 10000 in
habitants, and produced 100000 bushels
of wheat, this ought certainly to be
ranked higher than another with 1000
inhabitants producing $4,000 bushels, or
so bushels per capita. Suppose, on the
other hand, another ratio were taken.
the number of bushels or pounds to the
acre as related to the number of acres
cultivated. This would be still more
fallacious, as representing the produc-
tive power of different parts of the coun-
try, for, as is well known, there are
small regions under favorable conditions
where the yield of wheat may reach from
40 to so bushels per acre, and yet if the
crop were extended over the State the
yield would not average ten bushels.
The Superintendent has met these diff
ticulties by the formation of a somewhat
peculiar ratio, which is, perhaps, as fair
as anything that could be devised. He
has taken two elements first, the num-
Der of bushels or pounds produced to
each inhabitant, and second, the num-
Der of bushels or pounds to each acre of
improved land. These are certainly the
two important elements. He has then
compounded them by multiplying, and
taken the square root of the product.
This final ratio he believes will fairly
represent the productive power of each
portion of the country
The first chart prepared by this scale
is one which represents, by green bands
of various depths of color, the produc-
lion of wheat. The deepest shade of
green, or highest production of wheat,
is found in California, in Southern Min
nesota, Western Wisconsin, and North
ern Iowa nowhere else does it appear
on the map.
The next lighter grade of green, or
the third grade, appears in Oregon, in a
small district of Montana, in Eastern
Nebraska, in portion of Iowa, in
Southern Illinois and Indiana, in Central
| Michigan and Eastern Wisconsin. No
where, however, is this grade reached east
or south of the Ohio river. The next
lower grade of production, OF the second
grade, appears largely in the Northwest,
the Central West, Central Virginia and
Pennsylvania, and Northern New York
The lowest shade of color is seen cover
ing New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and a
line stretching west from Chesapeake
Bay to Kansas. The Southern and New
England States are entirely white on
this chart. In the chart for hay pro-
duction, the highest scale is represented
by pink color, and in the map all the
Northern and Western States are of a
more or less deep shade of pink, while
all the Southern are white, with here
and there little islands scattered about
representing the lowest grade of produc-
ton. The deepest pink color, showing
the highest production of hay, is seen in
the extreme North and the extreme
West, in Northern New England, North.
ern New York, in Minnesota, Iowa, Ne
braska and Kansas.
On the tobacco chart, the deepest
color, showing the fourth grade of pro
duction, is seen alone III Southern Mary
land and Western Kentucky, with Z
small island in Tennessee and North
Carolina. The third grade, however, is
found in small strip along the Con
necticut river; as well as through Viz
ginia, Tennessee, Missouri, and il
Southern Illinois. Nearly all the Unio1
has small islands scattered through it
indicating the lowest grade of produc
ton.
Ii we turn now to the corn chart, the
highest grade of production, the fourth
is indicated by deep yellow. Thu
deepest color we find alone in the Cen
trail West and on the borders of the ex
IRENE West the largest patch of it il
in Central Illinois. Still another il
Central Iowa, Eastern Nebraska, ant
Northeastern Kansas. Another small
patch of this deep color appears on th'
Mississippi, just below st. Louis. TIL,
next lighter shade of yellow, or the thirt
grade of production, is found in a broad
band through Texas, Arkansas, Mis-
souri,, Southern Illinois, Southern Ohio
and Northern Kentucky. The loves
grade of production is seen all through
the South and large part of the Middl
States. On this chart, however, tn
New England States, New York, and
; large portion of Wisconsin and Mime
!, sofa appear perfectly white. In tn
chart for dairy products, the highes
production is represented under a differ
ent ratio, of so much per capita. TIL
deepest yellow, or the fourth grade
!, represents a value of $40 and over pc
!. capita. On this chart New York is tn
. yellowest portion of the Union, tn
deepest appearing in various portions 9
! it, and in no other State, except a SINAI
: patch in Vermont on the borders G
6 Lake Champlain, and small patch i
q Northern Ohio, near Lake Erie. Penn
= sylvania, which has generally been SUP
: posed to be the Dairy State, par ercel
lerace, shows generally the lowest shad
> of production-tha is, of value be
!, | tuoap OK o,a1 co nor oo,,ito orI n, op1