, 1873-08-11

Ino prcBont anu oVor-1tloronHlIlB want OF TIM
Of treo-growing. Now York Inns lont her ,nap!a-
walnut, md hickory foroats. lilo great Wscon,
s!n forests arc II proccss 81 rapid obstruction.
No loas than 1885, 900, 600 foot wore out IN 1e7f
down tho hliaBBsippi to towns In Iowa, wl,oro
thoy arc cut into 1uml,or. Young Il 90. lnyc Il
mill at Clinton, 1n., TINT r1nH 200 naws, aud
threo-fourtha Of all tho Timber thoy cut goes to
900 foot Of Wisconsin logs, wore cut III town.
only tho Wisconsin, bit Michigan ani N1inno-
sofa, forests will DO swept nway. Fifty thousand
supply tho Kanpas and Nebraska markot nlono.
fhoro is now loft In tho whole United statcp,
untouched, but ono traot Of fine timbor, consist
ing Of about ono-half Of Washington TorrtorY
o of an eoVorsd Gb BY o magneos a. " yeow ys %
many Of tho treos boing 500 foet high. Tho
Northorn Pacific Railroad will open up thin bolt,
and, w1ton 1t is gone, Tho last of tho groat Amort-
can forests will have disappeared. Alroaly OK
moilcod, and 1t cannot Last over ten, or ut most
twenty, yoara. It will DO for tho noxt ha}f
decade our building ceitro aud thon wl1ero
ehall Wo go for ahip-tiinhor?
foroRt, ono-third Of which wnB cut away In tho
last two years; but that State, awaro OF tho f,l-
turo nocehsity has alrcady commenced tho cnlti-
yation Of tho Australia, g trco tllal grows rapidly
RA1LnoAD.TIE5.
Tho vast number Of cur railroads already
built, and tho toms Of thousands OF miles yot to
DO built, mako the question Of tios ono Of vithl
now uao ono hundred aud Gfty millions OF tics
annually, and those lavo to DO roplacod by new
ones euc,y scron gears. TICS, as every ono
knows. arc nude from Young timber, tho trcos
dom cutting more than two ties of ono troo. 10
supply the demand for this kind Of timber will
in tho future. require millions Of acrca Of forost
aud 1t will afford a valuable market to our young
eeuts, and a tree planted i'll 1873 ought to cut
two tics In 1883. Allowing 800 trcea to tho aero,
which is small csinlate an nero Of trees plnnt-
cd now will bo worth at loaat $500 for railroad
tieH are cut off, will Bol for wood, mud ought to
bring Us much moro, or 5000 por nero for trooH
10 yearH old. What farmer can mike tho half Of
that amount from Ills land in 10 years by raiBing
croph2
THE WASTE OF T1MBEn,
Incredible az It may scosn, it is true That for
est-lantlB arc Htill cleared for tho purpose OF
being brought under cultivation. From 1AG0 to
1870 not less than ttoelvo million ncres Of forest
wero cut. the timhor logged or burned on the
ground, and tho land far1ncd. Tho annual do
creaHe Of forest by logging mud burning ia still
somo 2, ,000, 900 acres por yoar.
Tho demand for umber In tho Unttod stntos
increases at the rate Of 25 per cont por annun,
and whilo tho increase OF forest as yet ii less than
1000 ncroB, the decrease from nil cn11Bes il
ovor 5000, 900. As an example: in 1871 thoro
was received at Chicago 2,500, ,000, 900 feet Of
lumber, and 10, 900 aoreH were stripped Of timber
to supply that great city with fuel.
FENOK-RAII,g AND POSTS.
hare already shown tho important part rail-
roads will shortly play in the do1nand for timber
but. leaving them out Of tho question: tho fo1lcos
sumption Of lumber almost beyond human be-
Lief. This drain is alroatly felt i'll oyory State Of
the East, and erory year our farmers aro bccom~
ing moro saving of their timbcr. 1t is IN nston-
iHhing fact, but true, that tho fences have cost
moro than tho lands, and aro to-day tho most
valuable caBB Of property III tho whole country,
except railroads and roal estate in cities. Our
fences arc DOW valued at oae thousand eight
hundred millions, and it costs sainety-cight nit
lions Of dollars to zoep them i'll ropairs. Illinois
Inns 80, 600 invested in fences, GU per cont of
which aro boards, post and rail, mud 40 por cont
wiro and hedges, Those fencos cost sl75,0oo
annually for repair.
It is remarkable that the foncea in Nebraska
havo cost less, md Tint there arc loss OF thom,
in proportion to tho civilization. tllan any other
force thero has easoaed tic NECESSITY forfoncos, b.
and Nebraska has only 400 rods to every loo
aoros Of farming lind. Farmers should hedge
moro, aud try il tlloy cannot utilize one-half Of
their fences, aud got tho 81, 100000 Of doad cap-
actiyo uso. Division fonces betwoen farm~
ers ought always to bo mado Of hodges
LIS sbaso tbaH tbns soS S'd each ,o 9no doing
inclosod by beautiful greon hodgo-rows, which
would add much to the beauty Of their homo
steads.
TREEs AND RAINFALL"
Tho effect Of trees Oil tho rainfall Of O country
is no longer o question. 4 peach-treo gives OF
18 pounds, or about 2 gallons, Of moisture
oyery 12 horlrs. Tho evaporation from tho
earth through trooB is immense; tho roots often
draw from springs themselves, and throw OF
f1,nir hrnn nf
air. Especially ia this trlo in Nebraska, where,
ut tho depth Of 20 foot, white aand III struck,
and this aand ia SO full Of water that, In many
places, aubtoYraneous stronms have beeu fornl-
cd, which hive been frcquoptly found when
boring shafts Or wells.
The groat currents OF mir which leaye the
Pacific Coast humid and warm empty in Bnows
on tho Rocky Mountains, and. leaving The moull-
ing no moisture to take up until tlioy paaH over
tho Missouri aud mississippi, when, having be-
como again charged, thoy on1pty in Illinois md
WisconAin. In Wyoming Territory, tho doartll is
tin,borod hoads of her streams give eomo lu-
rnidity, and tho clouds empty in frequent showers
along the Loups, Niobrara, Plattos, Elkhorn.
| and Missouri. Those WHO have watchoa tho
mencing at the edgo Of the dry belt, tile foroBts
and consequent rainfalls, may gradually be OK
| tended aoross the whole Of tho dry belt. So We
might commence, say, zoo miles west of OMAHA
anu Dy RIauuAily plhHllts1 tiocd "tbtWtIu. 1-
croaso tic humidity of tho atmosphere, until
tho required moisture for ruin il reached all
over tho Plains.
| III Germany, the Ebo lost 10 per cont of its
flow in consequence Of cutting away the trees
along it's banks, exposing tlio waters to tho llot
sun and consequent Increased evaporation. THO
Inland of Santa Cruz, in the West Indies, which,
twonty years ago, was gardon Of fertility, iB
now deaert.-tho result Of cutting away the
forossH. The theory il this: The dry currenta
nf mir nre retnri1ei i,y fOrcbts and eleyate uuttl
point Of condensation is reached. Radiation
is also prevented, the air cooled, aud tho clouds
passing oyor foroats are rendered moro eany
condensed. Electricity is also great agent, the
trees boiug negatively charged, md drawing will
great power lilo positively enlarged clouds.
/ edyance these theories with no hos!tatllnG
doubts, for they arc no longer experiments, bul
-dotnonutratod by positive experience arll
knowledge OF Tho laws that govern tho atmos
phere. Our loar1lod selator Hitchcock, OF Nc
braBka, agrcos with NE in those views nnd i |
was q conviction that they wero correct wllicl
lo1 lin to franc anu hayo passed. this grea