, 1873-08-03

than had boon hitherto supposed. But tho owl
dence was received with oxtromo caution. Sci
entifio mon wero reluctant to admit its validity
But in tho ycar 1853, now facta woro brought
e 1re Witch sass sGh ssh pss sixs to e tho on9ss n9Ssa
ty Of tho British public and led to tho beof that
tho prevailing skopticism on tho subject had
boon pushed to an extromo. Binco that timo,
unexpected eyidonco has boon furnished both III
England md on tho Continent. Dotwoon tho
years 1850 and 1878, tho author himaelf has
taken MI active part in tho researches to which
this volume IL devoted, and hero describes their
progroBss and results with unpretending frank-
nosB and simplicity.
Tho first discovery OF fossil animaln belonging
to extinct species, with which human remains
wero found associated. as described by Sir
Charles Lyell, WAS made BY DR.. sch1nerling in
1881, In the Valley Of tho Meuao uoar Liogo.
nevor boon entered by Hciontiffo observers. Their
ilonrd waro incrusted with unbrokon etnlngmito.
Tho bonoB Of man worc 90 rolIod and scattered
as to preclude tho idoa OF intentional hural
They wore Of the aame color md with tho same
amount OF animal matter aB thoao OF tho ac-
companying animals. The human rornainH Of
most frequent occurrence wore teeth detached
from tho jaw, and bones OF tho land and foot
detached from tho rest Of tho skeleton. There
were no gnawed bones, nor coprolitoB. Honcc,
DR.. 6chmerling inferTod TINT tho caveruB had
not becn tho dons Of wild boasts, but that
their contents had bosn awopt into tlom by
country. Tho occurrence horo and thoro Of
bones in o very perfect atato or OF several bones
belonging to tho samo skeleton in natural order,
while many of tho accompanying bones we're
surprising TINT portions Of carcsaBos wero aomo-
% ~ tHe es In f'S Eo p'0 oSampo Mhs stu vas s'fa s
covered of M entire skeleton. In ono cav
were dlsinterrod. Tho skull Of ono Of these wsB
imbetdod by tho sfdo Of q mammoths tooth. It
was ontiro, but 80 fragile, TINT noayly all Of 1t
fell to piecea during its extraction. Another
skull vas M in a'!tticiont state Of integrity to
enable tho anntonsist to speculate on tho raco to
occurred ut nll depths in tho mud md
gravel, somotimos above md Homotnea
below those Of tho bear, elephant,
rhinoceroB, hyena, and othor animals. Rude
flint Instruments woro found eonoraly lieporacd
through tho cavo mud. Mono Of these could huye
been introduced at q later period, as they wero~
in tho same position as the animal remains. II
therefore" :" anya DR.. schmerling, "attach great
importance to their presence foroyen III hrd not
found tho hun1an bones undor conditions entlroly
favorable to theirbeng considered as belonging to
tho antodiluVian epoch, proofs Of mans exist
Sonsa rS sud workea nav s ta p " tho on
cludes from tho various faots nacertaipod by him
that man onco {iyod in the Liogo district con-
tonlporanoously with the cave-bonr and several
other extinct species Of quadrupcds. On visit
that tmo was incrodulons Us to the supposed
antiquity Of tho fossil human bonasj OH
tho ground that man WAS a Hp1clos Of more re-
cont date, EXPRESSED his doubts on tie subject,
when tho former remarked that one might Just
as well doubt tho coe1stonce OF all tho otllor liv
ing spccleH, such as tho rod door, roe, wild cat.
wild boar, wolf. for, weasel, boaTor liaro, rab-
bit, hedgehog mole, dormouse, water-rat. and
oriininatoy acattored through the samo mud
with tho extinct quadrupoda. siuce then, sl
ClRrlcs Lyell has found Cause to change his
opinion. uo now considers TINT tho aecumu-
lated evidence produced by DR.. schmerling is
entitled to groat weight. as q proof that man
bad lived upon tho earth at an earlior poriod
thnn goologiata wore then willing to believe. AB
an oxcuao for his alownesa of faith, ho pleads the
natural hesitation to receive o discovery which
rosoarchoa. Il Would have boon no easy
task oyon for ono vol skilled in geology and
ontoo1ogy to follow tho Dolgian philoHophor
through .eoyory, stage Of hia observations mud
day after day by nc popo ted to to trao, 80 as to
slldo to tho foot of the first opening of the ngia
cavo, where tho best prosorvod human skulls
woro found and, after thus gaining access
to tho iirst subtorranoan gallery, to creep on
larger chambers, then to suporintend by torch
light, woek after Weok and yenr utter year, tile
workmen who woro breaking through tho staag-
mtio crust aa hard as marble, in order to romove
pieco BY piece the underlying bono-brcccinn nearly
as hard :; to stand for hours with onos foot in
the mud, and with water dripping from tho roof
On one's head, in order to inark tho posi-
tion, and guard against tho loss Of oaoh
single bono Of skeleton, and, ut length, after
these operations, to look forward, us the fruits
OF ones 1abor, to tho publication OF unwelcomo
intelligence, opposed to tho propoBaossions Of
the Hcioutifu AZ well aa OF the unacientilc pub
llc,---whon those circumstances aye taken into
nGrnrnt. Srn mad RcRrEelY wonIDr. not DuV
TINT n pasHlng trayolor failol to stop and
scrutlnizo tho evidence, but tint quarter Of q
century should hayo olapsod boforo oven tho
noghGorlng professors Of tho University Of