New national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1870-1874, 1872-06-20
Ninth Census of the United States.

llShed, are part OF the volume on the " In
dustry of the United States" belonging to
the Ninth Census, of which the Statistics of
Wealth, Taxation and Public Indebtedness
have been printed and those of Manufactures
and the Tables of occupation are to be. The
introduction remarks, that, as the census
year begins and ends in June, in many sec
tions the replies given sometimes estimate a
growing crop, and more frequently increased
in amount, as did the growing crop, with the
advance toward harvest. The classification
OF farms has been made more difficult by the
number of negro squatters, without title, on
old plantations; and for this and other rea-
sons the accuracy of the Southern returns is
not insisted upon. But every farm has been
visited to secure the returns, and thus a high
degree of accuracy has been attained III re-
spect to all great crops. The grazing industry
west of the Mississippi is also unreliable. The
structures of the wool trade on the census of
that article lead to the comment that the
average yield will hardly ever come up to
that claimed by the TRACE, as the brokers
reckon their average under favorable condi-
tions. Still, the figures OF the trade approx
mated the truth more nearly than those of
the census. In Iowa il was found that the
last census omitted the wool of "a ,067 sheep
on 2,4l6 farms, or per cent. of the State.
No effort has been made t5cnunerate horses
and cattle not on farms, but an estimate has
been made from the best statistics. These
figures give $500. 2l9 horses in A. States and
Territories, of which 7,142, $40 arc on farms,
against ,434,6SS in 1860. The neat cattle
are 2S,oT4, $50, against 2S, 967 ops in 1860.
Illinois has the most horses--1 OF ,G4G, New
York coming next, with S5G, 241, and Penn
sylvania having Gil ,4SS. Ohio has 704 Col
but no other State has over 514, 64l-the
census of cattle. The greatest increase was
in Nevada, from 54l head in 1860 to IA 400
In neat cattle Alabama has lost $4,000
head; Arkansas 2ll ,507; California 5G4,-
G57; Delaware l0,5l0; Florida 3,445
Georgia 398, 2S5; Kentucky l5l ,724; Louisi-
ana 209,7 ia; Maryland 81, 397; Massachu-
sets 56,928; North Carolina 1SS,7SS; Ohio
1856, 275; Oregon 63,000; Pennsylvania 81
700; South Carolina III 500; Texas 1888
Tennessee l40,926; Vermont 81 900, and
Cured in Illinois, $4,000; Indiana $4,000;
Iowa 505,173; Minnesota PIG, POI, more than
ninety per cent. increase; Nebraska, $685.
OBS; Nevada, eight fold; New Mexico, 49,
900; New York, $4,000; Utah, from $4,000
to l9l 900; Wisconsin, lS9, 643, and Wyom-
ing, 81, 472 head. The collection of aggre-
gate values of farm production was made
difficult by the range of values--corn selling
in New England for ninety cents while burned
for fuel in Iowa; wheat bringing forty-five
cents in Minnesota and $l.3j in New York,
and beef slaughtered for the hides in Texas
commanding 81 per hundred weight on the
hoof East.
With this introduction the report gives
1921 ,o99 acres Of land improved in farms
in the country, With 159, $40, l77 in woodland
and 59,503,7G5 unimproved any way. The
cash value of the farms is given at s., 262,-
sos, SGl of implements, &C., 1886, 1873 ,420;
wages paid, including board, 1910, 2SG, 1885
value of all productions, 81, AL ,53S ,G5S
orchard products, $47 1856, lS9; market gar
dening, $40, us, 900. Illinois has the most
improved land, l9, 320, $50 acres. New York,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana following
as named, down to l0,104,279 Pennsylva-
mia has III ,5l5,965, with a cash value of ST.
043, 4Sl $50, besides s35 ,65S, LOG in imple-
ments and machinery. The value of all our
farm productions is rendered at slS3 GAG, 027.
New York, Ohio, Illinois alone exceed
ing us.
The forest products were valued at $780,
sos, 277 home manufactures, s23, 423 1872;
animals slaughtered, $39S, 956,37G. The total
value of live stock was 81 ,525, 27G ,451. The
yield offspring wheat was IL $40 - 33 bushels,
and of winter, 175, l95, 1893 of rye, 1G,9lS,-
795; Indian corn, go, 955, $40; oats, 2S2,-
l67, l57 barley, 29,76l ,305 rice, IL, 635 ,O2l
pounds ); tobacco, 2G2, 1854 pounds, and
cotton, 3,0ll 1896 bales. New York leads in
the value of live stock; Illinois, Ohio, and
Pennsylvania following Iowa and Wisconsin
raised the most spring wheat; Indiana, Ohio,
Illinois, and Pennsylvania the most winter.
Illinois turned out l29, 92l ,395 bushels corn
the nearest approximations being 6S ,935 ,O6j,
66,O34,075 g., sol > 44 in Iowa, Missouri, and
Ohio. Pennsylvania produced 81 ,702, COG.
Illinois led with 42, SO, 85l bushels of oats
Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio follow
ing. California heads the barley harvest
1888, 400 bushels New York raising ,434.-
GIL, and only five other States between one
and two and half millions. South Carolina
raised 32,304,825 to 1866 ,O2l bushels of
rice; Florida and Louisiana coming nearest
in the nine competing States. Kentucky has
credit for los ,305, 1863 pounds of tobacco the
Virginias 80, 80, $40. Mississippi grew 564,-
93S; Georgia, 473 1854 Alabama, 429, 482 /;
Louisiana, $50, S32; Texas, $50, 62S bales of
cotton-five States having 3,lG9, 1854 bales, of
the total crop of BOIL 1896. The wool crop
of 100, l02,387 pounds derived one-fifth from
Ohio. New York grew one-fourth of all the
Irish potatoes, and North Carolina one
seventh of the sweet. OF 3,O02, $50 gallons
of wine made, California is responsible for
l 1914, $50; Missouri, Ohio, Illinois combined
giving 65O,9G7. The cane sugar crop was
,o4o hogsneadS; sorghum ~, and maple
%, 443,645 pounds. But the cane mOlasses
was only 6,594,323 gallons to 1G,O50, 0S9 of
sorghum.
There are in the whole country 2, 659. 9S5
farms against 2, 0i4 ,O77 in 1860, and AGO. 73
in 1850. Ofthese, G,S75 are under three acres
each, and 172,02l under ten acres. The
farms OF this size have increased from 81
GO in lS60--more than trebled; those be-
tween 10 and 20 acres, from l62,l7S to 294.-
COZ; between 20 and so acres, from GIG, 55S
to S47 ,6l4; from so to 100 acres, from Co.'S
S7S to 754, 22l under 500 acres, from 4S7,-
OIL to $685. 5i; from 500 to 900 acres, from
2O,3l9 have fallen to 1888; from 1000 up
wards, have declined from 1864 to 800.
showing notable tendency to smaller hold
ings and increased ownership. The decline
in large farms is, of course, most marked in
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North and South Carolina, Tennessee. and
Virginia, where at a rough estimate it seems
to have been 100 per cent. On the other
hand the increase of these great landed
tenures is shown in California three-fold H.
linois one-third, and Wisconsin two-thirds.
There are 76 farms of 900 acres and over in
Pennsylvania. The percentage of unim-
proved lands in farms has fallen from 81 5 in
M n in,