davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
our Home EiHu,icies.

Other Counte. are talking some
what largely of the ple,horir condi-
tons OF their ralious treasures
Why may no, we? Hitherto our
County orders have been down to 10,
so and 30 cents, To-day they are
par, with several thousand dollars in
the County treasury. Our Town
treasury is IN like healthy condition,
likewise our City cotltrs are full Of
the "h,thy," due, our School tcasury
lie; u, rejoic, ana give thanks. Now
let US examine for moment into the
why's and wherciores of our prpsper
Ky. Inresard to the increase in val
us Of our county orders, 1t il obvious
that tho divorce OF Geo. lilies from
Wood county two years ngo, has had
much to do with it. Mr.. lilies with
his powerful influence which irlalwsS .
cxerteG in a direction detrimental TO
healthy growth AMI prosperity was
IA iucu,us that Wool county was
well rid of--but to day lie is reunited
10 our interests, and already We see
tho direrul effects of his malarias
presence. When tho County Board
shall again meet, they will probably
have the opportunity to either accept
or reject till which King George
has drawn up, praying for certain
portions OF our comfy domain to be
annexed to the town wherein he ha.
erected bis altar for sacrifice. I'm
doubtcdly the County Bo: r6 wills Y
amen and shout "long live King
George" and the consequence will
be, many good citizens viii Of ne.
cessiiy yield to Mol och aud become
obliged 10 pay tribute to Cesar
Mr, lilies, we are informed, has
agreed to grade certain number OF
miles on th & b K l. L line of road.
This action look, 50 plausible on it,
face, THAI we are half disposed to
commend the man, but second
thought tells Us that those un.ortnn
nlcs who viii soon be 10 the clutches
u the tyranL viii probably be the
ones who will have iOuu the work.
sul out Of their abundance or their
little, viii flow the dotIus that viii
make George lilies richer and they
poorer. Il waS a woulil day for
" God county when she permitted
ai-, lli,es to again become a citizen
within her borders.
We now look for q depreciation Of
our county orders, aud q conscqncn,
depreciation in the order of onr yari-
GUS towns, also in city and schccI
orders, iDr one can not be affected.
without the hIishting effect extending
20 all the others.
We ask the various members Of
the County Board 20 beware of the
inSlduous approaches of this man
whom all krow as unworthy the conf
deuce Of the people, Back bone and
stamina viii hold him in check, with
ont 1t, "a county we VIII soon he
Ill
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
EDUCATIONAL COLUMN
j. q. EMERY, Editor.
arithmetic.

Tie following is the result Of AZ
examination OF the "B" Arithme.h
class, in tue Graded School Of Cen.
trala, held A.nml Sd.
The class WIS required to analyze
the following examples, and give the
correct answers.
/. A young clerk having charged.
4 OF dollar too much for some cloth,
gave in change 1 Of 1 Of a dollar
What is the exact amount he ought
to have given.
2. A 3 aud c owned three farms
whose total area was 415. 8 acres. &
had IS 2.5 acres more than b, and b
.245 acres saore than A how man y
acres had each in his farm
3. The cost Of a barrel Of -four is
10 dollars, and it will buy 2 barrels of
apples, each Of which is worth II
barrels Of potatoes how III ny
pounds Of butte at ( Of dollar for
3 pounds, would pay for barrel Of
potatoes ?
A. A and B working an equal num-
Der Of days, earned 54B dollars. A
received | 8 IS dollars aud B Ole of
a dollar a day; how many days did
they work.
s. a merchant owning 4 is Of q
vessels, sold ! of his share for sl0+0;
What WAS the value Of the ship at
that rate? q
6. How many lemons at IS Of
dollar a dozen, will pay for 81 oranges
at . is cents each D.?
:. A lad multiplying by SO il
stead of SIC obtained 0 for a result,
what result ought he to have obtain
ed?
s. What is the value Ct 1925 Of
a hoSslcad of beer? ..
0. a pole is 25 in the water, IA
in the mud below the water, and %
feet above thewater, how long is the
pole
10. A tree whose lerg,h was 1876
feet, was broken into two pieces by
falling; % Of the length of the
longer piece equalcd 3-4 OF the long,h
of the shorter. What was the length
OF the two pieces respectively?
STANDING on A SCALE or 10.
Celia RoSsier, 8; Allied Rossier,
8; George Hill, 10; Amelia I.etebvre
% Ella Page. 8; Ernast Kelner,
Is; Esther Lyon, 10.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

w" clip the following from the
Groc"rs Price Current, n journal pub.
ishea in New York city. 10 those
who have never thought Of the mat
ter, the following wifi be n most sur
priSing state ncut.
1t one dplIar be invested, and the
interest added to the principal an
HdiS4, At the rates named, we shall
have the following result ~ the ac-
eumna,Ion Of one hundred years;
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

Cd Br.lliancy who runs the patent
outOides OF tbs Waupaea Repu6lican
recently paid our sister city Of
ST. vens Point a visit, and then wen.
HON and just more than gave the
brctEerin f.. Brights egotism is
charming. Bright is funny man,
ami as swectly simple as sucking
calf Of the male persuasion. We like
Bright because of bis sauciness. We
verify believe he coidl entertain the
Devil cha'miag'y and make his Maj
esty take the Rcpubitcan with its
patent outside, and another thing we
believe, or rather fear,--that orr
dear friend Bright viii just want a
putent outside when Mr. D.-----solne'
lime in tie future begins TO entertain
linn. Bright is cunning withall.
Not long ago Bright advertised
comet to appear in the western
heavens, we think it was April fools
day-As the day grew old--lt was
just the shank OF The eveuing--ye
dear people of Waupaca began to
look for the comet. Bright repent,
ing, and not wishing to diSapoint his
subscribers To the patent outsides
conceived n scheme that reflects lus
tire on the press. lie assembled the
spire Of the brick church. scariny !
away the swallows aud martins, and !
sticking out his classic head, ye good |,
people were not disappointed. They
saw In the waving crimson locks, and !
lowing whi-kers--the flaming eye
nncIeuS--a yertiable comet--a comet
with frey tal---and like all other
comets it seemed to lack substance. !
fhe thing would have worked, but a |
little urchcn who had seen stars be.
tore, and who had sma,tering Of
astronomy laid bare the scheme with,
= that's Bright, that's Bright you
can't comet over US, oh patent ont.
sides And l}right's occupation was
4one, and the brilliant Bright settled
down TO his proper Posish--a star of
The tenth magnitude /
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

With the last number. ef the Polk
County Press, Mrs. Sam Fitieid va
Gates the editorial chair, and hands
over the quill and scissors to NrFi
held.--Erchangs, d. III *
~ Well, what oft ? Oh yesl We see,
we see, Now then, look on, for Speci.
men samples Of profound wisdom, ele-
giant rhetoric brilliant wit anl--our
gold watch, thu rol4atary gift Of his
admiring subordlnates.
Four years ago, Lincoln, the
Capital Of Nebraska, was away ont
on the prairie" and was called
/" Yonng's Colony" Before the close
Of the present season i. will have six
railroads, and will be lighted with
gas Erchanqe2 f't
| This il VIVA. viii all Grand Rapids
and Csutraia before four years shall
nave rol!ei around. III
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
NERVOUS DENYLITY.

THOUSANDS suffer from "A wesk, hsr
L Vous, exhausted feeling. no energy, ant.
NATION or sigor, low SPIRITS confused head.
weak niefnofs, nnetutapl or involuntary sem.
nai emissions, wir loss Of power and threat;
tened Impotence. The conseqaence of ri
eesses. eyrrwmk .pr indiscs eions This Is
NERvor pEBltiTy. and t, ends sdsrr.
eirn -rmcdy II HCMfHREY's GUNEo.
PArIllC SPECIFIC No. TWENTY EIGHT.
Thousands have been cared by thcse simple
sugar pitts. They tore up the system, arrcsi
the diseha ges, dispcl the gloom ami mental
depression, and rcjuycnate the system
Price s5 fur a. package Ut i've boxes nnd
vial cf powder, which is important in all ela,
long.standing cases, or 81 per single box
!aold BY. ali -hlst-class digss. and sent to
any add eSs on receipt 81 the p,icc. Al
dress HUMPHREYS srEaif'3 aHoMEO
rArIIIc GEDICINE CO, 3U2 BsoApw.Y
New York. &e - Is 8 kEt
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

Asks an Indiana journal " How
would it sound for a Democrat 10
shout Hum all for Davis 2" To which
a Republican editor responds: Pre-,
hx JEFF to it, and it wonld be the
most natural sound iE the world
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
OR DE "


or The Board of supervisofss creatiny The
Town Of Remington.
The Board ef Supervisors Of the Ceaa o
Wood do ordiin and determine as fol+s
Section |. All that portion Of the county
Of Wood, consisting OF township lwcnty orr
(2l) North, Of range two ~ Eisf, and town
ship twenty one vi North, Of range :hrce
(S) east, is hereby created, organized and
established into separate town, TO be called
and known as The town OF Remington
See ?. The first town meeting In said
town of Remington, shall be held AZ the store
OF II. w. Remington, in said town, ION TueS-
day, The I'd day of April, A, d. 1872.
See. 5. Al! debts o. assets, properly BE-
'onapgjor ehargeahie to said territory shall
be settled and regulated according to the
laws in such case made and provided.
Sec. 4. This order shall take effect and
be in force. from aud after il. passage.
Passed March 2Sd 1872
.... re. LYON,
fif# Chairman.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

In the light Of the foregoing figures
we ask the thoughtful cor sidcraunh
of the fact that the rates of interest
paid in this country are dFtrays s.c-
orbi4nt and sometimes. IA AT the pres.
ent, terribly oppressive. Ard also
that all tins can be remedid only by
the issue Of National PAPER Money
made stable in value and of proper
volume by it, interrhungeabiiity at
the option of the holder in sums Of
one th0usdnd dollars or it's multiple
with bonds Of the Government bear
ing 4 fixed equitable rate Of interest.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25


Mr.. EprToR.--l want to encroaeh
on the columns of your paper Just a
little. | am a church going man and
like to hear good preaching; bnt when
| have to divide my attention between
the whispering and simpering ofchoirs
and the teachings Of the minister, |
choose To stay at homo rather than
attend meeting.
not long since visited alittle town
in the east, and for several days was
exceedingly lonesome being unac-
quainted. On the Sabbath i at.
tended church, and immediately |
felt myself at homo--my feeling Of
loneliness was disrelIed--for the
whispering and gigling in the choir,
at once made ne feel perfectly at
home, and now that ! am at home,
when 90 to church I feel az though
| WAS still at the little town Of
away down east Nothing tends 10
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

so enliveh the congreEa.ionlasia good
healthy bazzing daring service, and
especially daring prayers, AMI if it
comes from proicssed christians
why, it is certainly sn much the
more cheerf'il and entertaining,
Yours truly,
A CuUncu Coca.
If we thought Church soer" me apt
our church, how we shoad feel in
publishing the above 50 glad
he don't. III f.t r., AZ
Epps,-s,.~.s-
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

600 dollars. A ooplous supply Of wa.
Ter made dry goods moist 1t VIC
were Farewell we should feel inclined
to bid farewell to the biz arr 90 to
selling ice or somo other totntuodity
besides Dolly vardens.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
OUR AGENTS.

Eco. p. Eowel & Co., 40 Park Row, Nes
York, and $ ~ Ptttlngill 4. Co, 81 pari
Row, New York. are our sole axsuts 10 tina
si;r, aud are ilho rizc 4 10 contract Tor Nj
vsrttsHg at our low est rates
Cow, Coburu j 90, Chicago, III.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
On MARRIAGE.

Happy Relief for Young Men from
the effects OF Err"rs and Abuses in eA,ly
life Manhood restored, Nervous debility
cvred.' lupcdimentF to- Marriage removed
New method of tscatment. New and re
markah remedies. Books aud Circulars
sent free, Ii scaled envelopes.
Address now ARD ASSOCIATION, No
2 South Ninth St. Philadelphia. Pa.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25
PURIFY YOUR BLOOD
$50 AT ONCE.

Wherever the Poke Root grows, # has a io-Su
ssruiAIion for curing Rheuma ism and ns A B,ts.i
Purifier. Ia the spring the early shoots are u..J
" many people for grrens," becauss OF their
ntation, and the praise ON time t. time Of a..
sbrated Physicians who have tested its medis II
powers, 1t has bsen neglected by the profs.siou
~ large, as much thr ough a want of a proper xn
NrAo:Atian af 4.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

s.,,ssVN4e - tssA ae9s
proper way IS 10
ssPs,eAi 9E me-s 80
Gca hat use. , Dr. VI
0lrsr Crook, =
= physicianwhots-
! Mtes BIS sn t,ss
Eme,eNa duisss
OF M professson IA
snd ~whse.a'aAA a.aas-
he largest prae.
VS. 81 .&y Py-F
heisn m scuth.N
ern v mo hss
hl tested the
schse me1cinas = ?
qualities o! POKE Z
Koci during tho
.n ,sss :. ye r. me =
pronounces il 70
have morn fherit
for diseases de- asa
fckding on a de-
: paved contiiiiaa -
q theybiaod, =
Man any and AT
rams5 ~ 49,
terra Medica. In. a y
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1872-04-25

The systcrnneeis renoysti az an Is fes ylheninss
New vigor must be ifusel in he ,ifccsti n orynri@
The Stimulating, Regulating and y me properties
Of Dr.. Crooks Wine OF Tar will give vigorous
vitality 10 these organs. They must try II. sTney
wilt soon feel its influence and mus, prrsey VA
ta the cure IL complete, Keeping The stoms.hS
AID Bowels in vigorous condition with fP
CROOK " int vf FRT Ia the best urtrI--
AZ disease,. While Dr. Crooks Vine of Tar H.
she heat remedy for all diseases Of the ThroaE
ssd Lungs, il is no, prepared eIrusivty Tor stf.h
d5seascs. The rich medicinal qualities Of Tar IN 7
contains. wpald alnprs excite ayregulating src
strength tninV nc;fou IA fire S,ornpn,S and Bexth,
but there ere Vegetable ingredients Of un-
doubted Tonic value combined Win q, whics
cause II TO bujid up the weak md de-
biItfssted, rapidly restore exhausted
sarenSfh. cleanse lhe stomach, relax the lvsr'
sausc the food TO digest. sna m,kespurs
blood, removing Dyspepsia, Jaundce. irdires
non and kindred complaints TRY enc hottie.
ASK for pr. Crooks Wine or Tar. Va -
priTnipled par les have copied after the name anSi
styfe OF Dr. crook vi ne of Tar,yaa near "a tasvs
dared WITHOUT Infringement. MS Drs crNSS's'
VINE OF Tar shat has made the many. rnndcrfnf
cures, and DR., Crooks Wine Of Tar is TIE resedy
you need, ami not the rntriei remedies nss ssNy
TO sell md palm nif on The ing Tor aTrTn-
coy OF msrH see that ey.ry bottle You Apur-
chase hss ths following ~ords On the ttsriir. fr
white letters: "Dr. Crooks Wine Of Tar ."-"u. f..
Internal Revenue, Four ctntsA G Crook 4 Ca. ?" 7
tss only sueh sIs genuine. sold by druggist
$50 s& s#rgsH'a IN
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1872-10-18

against the man who may be running
for Office. Then it is that envy, jeal-
ousy and spite find vent in wholesale
torrents Then it is that bitterness,
wrath and hatred flow in unlimited
quantities from the fountains long filed
to bursting.
But let US return to reason-let the
sober, second thought be exercised, and
we shall soon discover the source OF this
sudden outpouring. Men do not be
come alarmingly wicked IN a moment,
in an hour, or in day. Their wick
edness may eliminate suddenly but it
is the result of lifetime of evil imag
inings, evil practices and evil associa-
tions.
We should always remember these
things, and more especially should we
remember them when candidates for Of.
fee are suddenly assailed.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1872-10-18
A Proposed Teachers AssOCi =
alton.

We understand that a movement is
being made towards organizing Teach
er's Association in the St. Croix Val.
ley. The utility Of such an organiza.
ton is beyond question.
intcr communication of ideas is al.
ways profitable for any public interest,
and for none more so than for educa.
ton. There is large class OF persons,
scattered up and down this Valley,
whose entire time and attention is given
to training the young. Their ideas,
characters, and modes Of thought arc
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1872-10-18

The entire stock in trade, Of the op-
position party, is SANDER. Let any one
stop to reflect for moment upon what
has been thus far developed, and the
most casual observer will readily discov-
err that the entire force of the Demo-
cratic speakers, active workers and
journals, is constantly devoted to in
venting and circulating scandal, both
private and general As rule they are
repeating false charges aud gross mis-
representations.
But, really, what else can they do?
And they are SO addicted TO SANDER
Tat they adopt the same stale, stereo.
typed phrases and vile charges against
all, without discrimination. from the
President to the Congressman from
the Congressman to the lowest Office in
otWc VI couuoy'
Again we ask. why is this thus? In
the first place they have nothing but
imaginary evils to complain of. In the
second place there are large number
Of men seeking Office who are entirely
unfit for it, aud they naturally measure
the merits of those in Office by their
own. They feed upon SANDER as ma
turally as they breathe, and they mag
nifty the least improperly into noun
tain of sin.
That some errors have crept into both
the private and public character of
every man who has any lite in him, is II
fact no one can deny. This is human
nature, but we quite too often fail to
recognize this fact.
But this il not all. There is another
handle to this sword Of revenge.
"Why don't he deny it?' is regarded
as q clincher--the end Of all argument
That is to say,-any mad.cap can in.
vent and start a. scandal, and forty of
them can invent aud start thirty. nine
more, and how preposterous the idea
that the innocent victim of their re-
venge must be everywhere and at the
same time, prepared to refute forty diff
ferent charges, of which before he new
er had the slightest intimation. We
forget that prudent man seldom, il
ever, runs after scandal. Nay, he leave,
it to its fate, nor deigning so far to
CRAFTY his enemies as to intimate tina,
lie feels cut by their vitupsrstions.
Though the slauderous tongue otter
docs deal of mischief, it is less harm
full now than formerly. especially at
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1872-10-18
VS. SUMMARY.

Gen. j. Fl. Baker is disabled by q
sprained ankle.
The propeller China was burned ON
Sunday on Lake Ontario, near Kings
ton.
John Cochrane, Greeley's bugler,
says 200 electoral votes can still be car
ricd for Greeley.
James Anthony Froude, the eminent
English historian and essayist, is in
New York.
A trunk containing $4,000 worth Of
jewelry. was stolen from the Hess
House, Chicago, last week.
The funeral of Mr.. Seward was at
tended last Monday by large con-
course of people, many of them distin-
guished men.
Tweed's counsel are trying their best
to have his trial postponed on legal
techuicality, with some prospect Of sue.
cess.
Hartranft's majority is 1926. Some
arithematic man is wanted TO calculate
the percentage Of Republican loss from
Grants $4,000 and odd majority.
The Republicans of Milwaukee held
an enthusiastic meeting Monday night,
which was addressed by Gov. Fairchild
and the German orator from Illinois.
The propeller Lacle Belle foundercd
last Monday, in Lake Michigan. Two
boat loads Of eleven persons have gain
ed the land, but four more are to be-
heard from. .',-
Archbishop Bsyiey, the successor Of
Archbishop Spaulding, aid Roman
Catholic primate Of the United States,
was installed ON Sunday with splendid
] ceremonies.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1872-10-18
For Member of Congress, 9TH District
HON. i. M. RUSK.
of Vernon County.
Republican County Com
veutiOn.

The Republicans of Pierce county will
meet in Delegate Convention Mt the Court
House in Ellsworth. on the 2lst day Of Oc-
toher. 1872. at ten o'clock, A. NJ. to nomi-
nate candidate for the Assembly, for
Register Of Deeds. for Clerk Of the Circuit
Court. for County Clerk. for Treasurer. for
District Attorney, for Sheriff, for Coroner
and for County Surveyor, to be supported
at the election on the fifth day of November
next. Also to transact any other business
deemed proper when met.
The several towns, and the wards in the
city Of Prescott will be entitled to repre-
senfstioa ms follows:
Clifton, Is: Diamond Bluff, 2; Ell Paso 1;
Ellswarth.4; Gilman. 2; Hartland. 4: lisa.
belle. L; Maiden Rock, 8: Martell. 4; Oak
Grove. z: Prescott. LIST ward. .: Cd ward.
9; Sd ward. 2: River Falls. 8: Rock Film.
4; Salem, |; Spring Lake. 2; Trenton, 2:
Trimbell. 4; Union. 2. Total SIS.
by order Republican County Committee.
Ellsworth. Sept 2', 1872.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1872-10-18

being strongly impressed upon the flu
ture generation, and it behooves us as
community to see that these persons
are large souled, noble minded, and
clear Drained. They should be brought
out, SO that the public can examine
them, and so that they can obtain the
benefit of each others experience.
In Teachers Association, such as
we suppose is intended, the experience
and practice Of each teacher can, in o
measure, be made available to the 9TH
ers. The manner in which success
full teacher conducts a recitation or
manages school is of far more value
to other teachers than all the theories
Of the best theorizers.
A lie; cher's Association ought to be
made, and can be made as useful to
many of the teachers who will attend
as one term spent at Normal School.
More than this, it brings them and
their vocation more before the public,
and thus awakens an interest in educa-
tionaI matters that will have tendency
to elevate the standard Of teachers, and
consequently their pay.
We would advise all teachers then to
urge this movement forward. Every
wise and competent school board will
certainly give their teachers permission
to attend; for those interested in educa-
ton will highly appreciate every op-
portunity that is calculated to improve
and cultivate our teachers. Nor are
the teachers alone interested in Teach.
er's Association. Every thinking man
and woman throughout the Valley
should give it hearty support, not
only by influence but by attendance.
We need a more thorough under
standing more earnest cooperation, be-
tween teachers and people than we have
ever had before. Incompetent teachers
are frequently patronized term after
term, and the public money wasted,
solely because the people are SO little
interested in schools that they never
find out who the weak teachers are
BY means Of Teachers Association
the whole community will soon find out
just who the good teachers are, as we'll
as who are the worthless ones; and the
danger of procuring poor teachers will
be considerably lessened.