The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1872-08-15


sketch the outlines or another but smaller lake and
call 1t MOero; degree again north OF Moero an
ether lake OF similar size, and call i: Kamolondo
and still degree north OF Kamolondo another
lake, large and yet underlined limits, which, In
the absence Of any specific term, we wiz call the
Nameess Lake. Then let him connect these several
lakes by river called after different names. Thus,
the main feeder Of Bangweole the Chambezi; the
river which issues out OF Bangweolo and runs into
Hoero, the Luapula; the river connecting Moero
with Kam0lOndo. Webb's River; that which runs
nom Kamol0nd0 into the Nameless Lake north
ward, the Luaabar; and let him write in bold let
eers over the rivers Chambezi, Luapula, Webb's
River and the Luaaba the "Nile," for these all
one and the same river Again, west of Moero
Lake, about one degree or thereabouts, another
large lake may be placed on his map, with river
running diagonaly across to meet the Lualaba
north Of Lake Kamolondo. This new lake Is
Lake Lincoln, and the river is the LOmami River,
tween Kamoondo and the Nameless Lake. Taken
altogether, the reader may he said to have very
fair idea OF what Doctor Livingstone has been doing
these long years, and what additions he has made
20 the study Of African geography. That this
river, distinguished under several titles, flowing
om one lake into another In anortherly direction,
With all its great crooked bends and snuosties Is
THE NILE, THE TRUE NILE,
che Doctor has not tine least doubt. For O long
time he did doubt, because Of its deep bends ana
curves-west, and southwest even-but having
traced it from its headwaters, the Chambezi,
through seven degrees Of latitude-that is, rom
latitude eleven degrees south to little north Of
latitude four degrees south-he has been compelled
20 come to the conclusion that 1t can be no other
river than the Nile. He had thought it was the
Congo, but he has discovered the sources OF the
Congo to be the Kasai and the Quango, two rivers
which rise on the western side OF the Nile water
shed In about the latitude Of Bangweoo and he was
told OF another river called the Lubilash, which
nom the north and ran west. But the Lualaba
the Doctor thinks cannot be the Congo from It's
great size and body and from its steady and con-
tnual low nOrthward through broad and extern
sive valley, bounded by enormous mountains,
westerly and easterly. The altitude OF the most
northerly point to which the Doctor traced the
wonderful river was little two thousand feet,
that though Baker makes out his lake to be 700
feet above the sea, yet the Bahr Ghazal, through
which Petherick's branch OF the White Nile issues
into the Nile, Is only little thousand feet,
In which case there is possibility that the Lualaba
may be none other than Petherick's branch. 1t is
well known that trading stations for ivory have
been established for about five hundred miles up
Petherick's branch We must remember this fact
when told that Gondokoro, In latitude four de-
grees morrill, is 1000 feet above the sea- and latitude
four degrees south, where the Doctor was halted,
IL only little 1900 feet above the That
two rivers, said to be 1000 feet above the sea,
separated from each other by eight degrees OF lati
tude, are the same stream may, among some men,
be regarded as startling statement. But we
must restrain mere expressions Of surprise and
take into consideration that this mighty and broad
Lualaba is q lacustrine river-broader than
the Mississippi-and think Of our own
rivers, which, though shallow, are ex-
oeedingy broad-instance our Platte River
sowing across the prairies Of Colorado
and Nebraska into the Missouri. We must walt also
until the altitude OF the two rlvers-the Lualaba.
where the Doctor halted, and the southern point
a the Bahr Ghazal, where Petherick has been-are
known with perfect accuracy.
THE NANELEss LAKE.
Webbs River, or the Lualaba, nom Bangweolo is
lacustrine river, expanding from one to three
miles In breadth. At intervals IL forms extensive
lakes, then contracting into broad river IL again
forms lake, and 80 on to latitude four degrees
north and beyond this point the Doctor heard Of q
large lake again north Now, for the sake Of argu-
nent, suppose we give this nameless lake length
Of four degrees Of latitude, as 1t may
be the one discovered by Paggia the Italian trav.
eller, from which Pethericks branch Of the White
Nile Issues out through reeds, marshes and the
Bahr Ghazal into the White Nile south of Condo
koro. By this method we can suppose the rivers
One-f0r the lakes extending over 80 many degrees
Of latitude would obviate the necessity of explain
ing the differences OF altitude that must naturally
exist between the points OF river eight degrees
Of latitude apart. Also, that Lvingstone's nstru-
nents for observation and taking altitude may have
been IN error, and this is very likely to have been
the case, subjected as they have been to rough
handling during nearly six years Of travel.
THE WATERSHED
Despite the apparent difficulty about the altitude,
there is another strong for believing Webbs
River, or the Lualaba, to be the Nile. The water
shed Of this river, 600 miles Of which Livingstone
has travelled, is drained by valley which lies
north and south between the eastern and
western ranges OF the watershed. This valley or
line q drainage while y g2es not receive the
Kasai and the Quango receives rivers flowing from
great distance west-for instance, the important
tributaries Lunra and Lomami, and large rivers
from the east, such as the Lindi and Luamo;
and while the most intelligent Portuguese travellers
and traders state that the Kasai, the Quango and
Lubilash are the head waters Of the Congo river,
no one yet has started the superstition that the
grand river Moving north, and known to the
natives as the Lualaba, was the Congo this river
Ia not the Nile where, then are the head waters of
the Nilef The small river running out Of the Vic
tora Nyanza and the river moving out OF the little
Lake Albert have not sufficient water to form the
great river Of Egypt AS you glide down the Nile
and note the Asna, the Gerae, the Sobat, the Blue
Nile and Atbara, and follow the river down to
Egypt, 1t cannot fail to impress you that
IT REQUIRES MANY MORE STREAMS,
Or one large river, larger than all yet discovered,
to influence its foundations and replace the waste
Of its now through thousand miles OF desert
Perhaps more critical survey Of the Bahr Ghazal
would prove that the Nile Is Influenced by the
waters that pour through 'the small piece Of
water resembling duck pond buried in sea Of
rushes," as Spoke describes the Bahr Ghazal.
Livingstone's discovery answers the question and
satisfies the intelligent hundreds, who, though