The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1872-08-17

OUOO1 LIZ 1Ot ~ ILL ~
companions after breaking their engagement 20
for twenty months which was 70 t formally
tleman, and after solemnly assuring him that had
been murdered, demanded pay for all the time
ceived from me advance OF pay and clothing,
amounting amounting to 60 sterling; ! nov transmit the
demand that the advances and also the pay should
be refunded; for If they are allowed to keep both
as the reward OF falsehood, the punishment en-
Joined to be inflicted by Lord Stanley viii only be
laughed at. d. L.
Letter No. 3--Doctor Livingstone TO Lord
Clarendon.
UJIJT, Nov. I, 1871.
MY LoRD--I wrote very hurried letter on the
2sth ult, and sent 1t by few men who had resolved
to run the risk OF passing through Contendng par
ties OF Banyamwczi and mainland Arabs at Unya
nyembe, which Is some twenty days east Of this
had just come on tramp of more than four hun
dred miles, beneath vertical torrid sum- and was
SO jaded in body and mind by being forced back by
falthlcss, c0waidy attendants that could have
written little more though the messengers had not
been in such hurry to depart as they were. lhave
the prospect of sending this safely to the coast
by friend; but 30 many of my letters have disap-
peared at Unyanyembe when entrusted to the care
Of the Lewale, Governor who la merely the trade
Of the 2sth Othe unfortunates and give in this
as much as can recall.
l have ascertained that the watershed of the Nile
Is q broad upland between ten degrees and twelve
degrees south latitude and from 1000 20 5000 feet
above the level Of the sea. Mountains stand on It
ct various points, which, though not apparently
very high, are between 1900 and 1900 feet Of &C
tual altitude The watershed Ii over 100 miles In
length, from west to cast The springs that rise on
it are almost innumerabe-that is, 1t would take
large part Of mans life to count them birds
eye view OF some parts Of the watershed would re-
semble the frost vegetation on window panes. They
all begin in an 0ozc at the head of q slightly de-
pressed valley. A few hundred yards down the
quantity Of water from oozing earthen sponge forms
q brisk perennial burn or brook few feet broad,
and deep enough to require bridge. These are
that now to the north In the great Nile valley.
The primaries unite and form streams In general
larger than the Isis at Oxford or Avon at Hamilton,
and may be called secondary sources. They never
dry, but unite again into four large lines o! drain.
age, the head waters or mains Of the river OF
Egypt. These four are each called by the natives
IL II not TOO may Dc
which, in prehistoric times. abounded in Africa,
and which In the south are still called by Bechu.
anas "MelapO, f" In che north, by Arabs, "Wadys;"
both words meaning the same thlng-river bed in
which no water ever now flows. Two OF the four
great rivers mentioned fall into the central Lua-
iaba, or Webb's Lake River, and then we have but
two main lines Of drainage as depicted nearly by
The prevailing winds on the watershed are from
the southeast This Is easily observed by the direc
ton of the branches, and the humidity Of the eli
mate Is apparent in the numbers OF unchens which
make the upland forest look like tho mangrove
swamps on the coast.
A. In passing over sixty miles OF latitude waded
and requiring from twenty minutes to an hour and
quarter to cross stream and sponge This would
A Suahet friend In passing along part OF the Lake
Baugweolo during six days counted twenty-five
E the Village at Which obseryed on It's
northwest shore was few seconds into eleven de-
grees south, and Its southern shores and springs
and rvulcts are certainly In twelve degrees south
tried to cross 1t In order to measure the breadth
accurately. The first stage to an inhabited island
point here the tops Of the trees, evidently lifted by
the mirage, Gould be seen on the second stage and
the third stage; the mainland was said to be as far
the canoe and got hint that the real owners were
in pursuit. and got into q furry to return home.
but had only my coverlet left TO hire another craft
II they should leave me In this wide expanse Of
water and being 1000 feet above the sea 1t was very
The length Of this lake is, at very moderate
estimate $50 miles. II gives forth large body Of
water In the Luapula; yet lakes are in no sense
this and others serve an Important purpose in the
unlike the okara, which, according to suahen, who
travelled long IN our company, is three or four
sks run into
still larger These men had spent many years east
OF Okafa and could scarcely be mistaken IN saying
oRarS Gives on its waters to the north 0ne Ae
The White Nie' Of Spoke, less BY full half
or ninety yards broad, can scarcely be named III
comparison with the central or Webb's Lualaba, OF
from yS SIX the s E
and economy OF the watershed answer very much
the same end as the great lacustrine rivers,
hnt Of Lat otufx
Which explained ta The e0Rs Ssf on e
watershed are robably. what Ptolemy, for reasons
From their bases found that the springs Of the
Nile do unquest!onaby arise This is just what
poe%y put down. ana y true geography We
tines will reject the mountains though we cannot
conjecture the reason for the name.
snOw-capped, but they are so far from the sources
and send no water to any part OF the Nile, they
explorers, nom whom PtoIemy and his predeces.
sors cleaned their true geography so different from
the trash that passes current in modern times
Before leaving the subject Of the watershed,
may add that know about six hundred miles oft,
but am not yet, satisfied, for unfortunately the
seventh hundred Is the most Interesting Of the
whole. have Q very strong impression that in the
last hundred miles the fountains Of the Nile men
toned to Herodotus by the Secretary Of Minerva in
the city OF sails do arise not like all the rest from
O0zing earthen sponges but from an earthen
mound and half the water flows northward to
ER @ IS Ae es dne e ESe esSn%e ae
rivers, though at the mound they are not more
than ten miles apart. That is, one fountain rising
on the northeast OF the mound becomes Bartic
Frere's Lualaba and 1t flows into one of the lakes
proper, Kamoondo, Of the central line OF drainage
Webb's Lualaba, the second fountain rising on the
northwest, becomes (Sir Parafln) Young's Lnalaba,
which passing through Lake Lincoln and becoming
Loeh Or Lomame, and joining the central line too,
goes north to Egypt. The third fountain on the
Southwest PalmerstOn's, becomes the LAMBDA or
Upper Zambesi while the fourth Oswell's fountain
becomes the Kafue and falls into Sambcsi in Inner
Ethiopia. ff wf
More time has been spent in the exploration than
ever anticipated. Ny bare expenses were paid
for two years, but had left when the money was
expended could have given little more informa-
ton about the country than the Portuguese, who,
in their three slave trading expeditions to Cazembe,
asked for slaves and ivory alone, and heard
of nothing else. From one OF the subordi.
mates OF their last OcaHed expedition I
learnt that IL was believed that the Luapua went
to Angola / asked about the waters till was
ashamed and almost afraid OF being set down as
AFFLICTED with hydrocephalua had 10 feel nv way