The New York herald., 1872-12-21

mount. BY the end OF November when y.as
stopped by the Winter rains, my trench had
reached length OF ffty-si metres ana a depth Of
nine to ten AS have kept my measurements
generally in metres the general reader can count
the metre at forty inches English.
From this cutting had most encouraging re-
Suits found the ruins OF different ages in strata
OF comparative regularity found the ruins OF
historic times reaching generally only to a depth
OF one and half metres, and nowhere deeper
than two metres In depth OF from two to four
metres there were no stones, and the calcined
ruins left no doubt that for ages Immediately pre-
ceding historic times there had been only wooden
houses here. Presently shall speak Of the objects
found in these different layers Of ruins, and par
ticuarly OF the religious symbols, which
prove that the Inhabitants had been OF
Arian race. At q depth Of four to seven
metres there was an entire absence OF metal, and
found very great quantity OF stone implements OF
all kinds, finer pottery, all the houses built OF small
stones, united with earth, and evidence that the
Inhabitants were Arians. At depth OF from
to ten metres. all the houses built ofunburned
brick Inhabitants Of Arian race; very many cop
per weapons and instruments, though implements
are for the most part OF black stone (diorit. At
q depth OF ten metres (thirty-three feet) came
upon immense masses OF large stones, and at once
believed that had reached the vertable ruins Of
Troy.
To this deeply interesting point I had come, as
said, by the end OF November when nv operations
were stopped BY the rainy season.
DIGGING IN EARNEST.
In April last I began again with force OF 100
men, which number soon increased to 126, and
ever since the number OF my laborers has been be-
tween one hundred and twenty and one hundred
and nifty. Since the Autumn had received from
Tpn hAo md Tn nnltc
picks and shovels. Mr.. John Latham, the director
OF the Pirsus-Athens Railway, had supplied me
with some OF his best workmen, to serve as over.
seers; and Mr.. Cookson, the British Consul at Con.
stantinople, had sent ten man carts and twenty
wheelbarrows. This time l opened q cutting or
platform OF 20 metres breadth by IA In depth (say
233 feet by 46, cutting into the elevation from the
north side intending to carry this cutting through
as far as the Chiplak road-a distance OF nearly
200 metres, or trlne over on eighth OF q mile I;
but did not find the virgin soil even At this depth
Thereupon cleared out . well which l had dis.
covered In the previous October, and there found
the natural rock at depth Of sixteen metres, or
nity.three English feet. In order to avoid the
labor OF sinking the whole cutting two metres
deeper, but resolved to carry the operations to
proper depth now began TO lower the moor OF the
cutting at an incline OF one In eight, an inclination
that would give me the proper depth, as estl-
mated, by the time had advanced sixteen metres.
went on thus for twenty metres. But the cutting
was made with very great dlfnculty, for the six
metres at the bottom-that Is, the six metres
lying Immediately on tho virgin soil-were
composed only OF stones and rubbish-rubbish the
hardest and toughest ever saw, and stones for
the greater part huge boulders. On the 1st OF May
opened from the south side close to the Chiplak
road, countercutting, directed to meet the one
advancing from the north. This made only thirty
four metres wide. As the surface slope on the
south side Is more gradual than on the north, had
TO sink the trench rapidly In order to get the
proper depth. But here also the difficuties were
very great, and Increased apparently at every
step.
Seeing that with the dificulty OF the cutting
could not possibly terminate the work In the pres
ent year on the scale In which had commenced
It, ], perlorce, limited myself to opening q plat
form OF $50 metres In length and twenty four TO
thirty In breadth; and this will now be nnished In
few days.
In the beginning OF June also began another
cutting In the field OF Mr.. Frank Calvert close to
NY large HatioIR. " Z PerReadtculsr depth OF