Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1872-01-30

feeding too closely; the secret lies in
taking the stock off before the feed Is
closely cropped.
President Gilbert expressed hope
that Mr.. A. would in future meet with
the Board. Mr. Arey seeds with herds
grass and clover.
oRCHARDISG.
Discussion OH orcharding opened by
7. S. Gold. .0mitting the mere fancy
products. he confined himself to the
culture of the apple and pear. Where
nature has not provided loose subsoil it
is necessary to under-drain in order to
convey away surplus matter. and also
to give the root chance to strike down
ward rs they desire. The aspect for or
chards should receive due amount OF
attention. Preparation of soil is essen
tial. The cultivation of such hoed crops
as require high manuring is advisable in
orchards whore the soil is such rs 10 adj
nit of working. In planting an orchard
We should not look merely at the present,
but forward to the future. The prepare
ton Of holes for setting trees should oc.
cupy particular attention; should be
broad and highest on the bottom ia the
center, sloping gently to its edges
Carefully cut back shoots TO half OF last
years growth, and every lacerated root.
sloping and smoothly. Trees from two
TO three years growth are best Tor trans
planting. Select trees from the nursery
yourself, if possible; those with we'll
balanced. even tops, and also OF roots.
Nnrsery men do not always trim trees in
the best manner for our wants. He
would prescribe no fruit tor different
localities till acquainted thoroughly with
all attendant peculiarities OF soil and eli
mate. He thinks early fall planting lar
preferable TO late, and perhaps rs con-
duciye to good results as spring. Roots
in transit should be protected from ireez-
ing and they also should be carefully pro-
lected from dryuess. He illustrated by
referring to transplauting forest trees.
and especially evergreens Handle trees
carefully. In transplanting put the roots
in their natural positions. and Gil loan
carefully about them. He recommends
using wafer in moderate quantities TO
settle the earth more firmly about them.
Animals should be excluded from fields
devoted To tree culture and orcharding (;
calves are especially detrimental to orch
ards.
The culture an orchard should receive,
is much mooted question among fruit
growers. Would occupy ground when
trees are small. with potatoes or some
other hoed crop, giving plenty of room
about the trees unoccupied. Thinks plow-
ing, as usually conducted in orchards, is
as conducive 10 damage as to benefit
Thinks orchards may be successfully
managed even where glass is allowed 10
grow, especially when the trees are large {;
would pasture such with hogs or sheep,
placing some protection about the trunks {;
Would exclude the animals in the latter
part of the summer.
In selecting trees, avoid one that forks {;
they never make as desirable trees rs
othors Recommended shelter, but not
exclude ventilation: eyergreens make
the best shelters. Prune little and often !;
prunc early and iudiciously. Do it with
the knife. Winter gives peculiar facili-
ties for this operation. Make clear,
smooth cut; not too close. neither leaving
stump; remove all suckers each year {;
keep a proper amount of growth upon
all sides TO secure a well balanced head.
Great care should be exercised in har-
yesting. Gather by picking from The
tree, not from the ground. Cold, wet
ground in which tree. are placed, is con-
ductive to the many ills, and perhaps the
parent of them ALL A late, vigorous
growth. late in the autumn is to be avoid
ed.
The insect enemies we have 10 contend
with are the bark louise. canker worm,
the borer, the tent caterpillar, the apple
worm and the apple maggot. Spoke at
some length upon the habits and dcvas.
tation OF the borer, also means of PIE
vention, but gave nothing new upon this
point.
Col. Hcrsey, OF Lincoln, inquired how
far apart he would place trees in an apple
orchard. Mr.. Gold answered from thirty
TO forty feet.
Mr.. Lucas, of Somerset, inquired how
many upon an acre. Mr.. Gold said about
forty.
Mr.. S. F. Perley, of Naples. followed
in some remarks: Said Mr.. Gould had
confined himself more to general than to
specific principles; considered him good
authority, and had been very much inter-
ested in his remarks. Spoke particularly
of the production Of apples. Much time
and effort has been wasted on unsuitable
sites; would select northern exposure
-roasons-better soil. and deeper. Best
soils for orchal ding are stone, or granite,
poorest sand. stiff clay and muck. Soils
composed of feldspar largely, are well
adapted TO orcharding. Protection by
means of shelters. pays by the saving OF
fruit fro1i being blown off by high winds,
gales and squalls, in great measure {;
would prefer the whole field in room of
holes and special places for receiving the
trees; does not fully endorse the putting
OF water about the roots at setting thinks