New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1872-06-01

liz H.
nan from foot to three feet below the surface In spe
:, ,his bich would seem 70 make 1t worthless 1t was
admitted that the sand did not show as much sign oI
o~bapson as the clay, and that taking six OF eight
800 toeether 1t was as profitable as clay. very
;,souoont man. who owned and worked 2ooo acres
=, claw and loan, said at the close OF the
discussion, "The sand has many mertsj IL
can DO worked very cheaply, ana 1t bears drouth
surprisingly well; but after all, 1t is good ohy
for wheat It must always be farmed on large scae
and circumstances may make IL unprohtape some uAy
whereas, on the clay We can raise anything we nAe anu
arc not dependent wheat alone" He ADDED the
clay and loan farms will have TO be cut up, and viii be
before many years 1t viii pay better that land, to
take 100 acres work 1t in various crops, thorOus
than to exhaust 1900 OF 5000 by Swimming over the
surface"
LAND FOR SMALL FARMERS
told you that much Of the land is rented us usual
for the landowner to furnish seed feed for the teams
all the tools and machinery needed for putting in and
harvesting the crops and the land and necessary build
ngs and he gets half the crop put in bags on the ed
The renter as the tenant Is called, furnishes only the
teams and men. and the supplies for the men: Inc
arrangement is not inequablej and 1t gives as you WIN
see an important advantage 10 man without capital
An eghhorse team is worth about $6OOj with hve s9ch
teams and FIVE men--who receive In the Winter SSO per
month and ratious-4OO acres can be put into wheat
When the work is DONE the teams can be hired OUT OF
they can be turned into pastures without COST was
not surprised TO hear that many men have become cn
as renters Two three good crops enable renter 10
buy large tract Of his do not know Wha' is INC
net profit OF the landowners under this SYSTEM out was
told that one who has 10000 acres refused 10 rent au
for 81 year per At this rate, many OF inc large
landowners who rent their land for wheat crops must
make nearly 100 per cent per annum on their original
Investments for you must understand that these plans
Law for years in the market Congress land, ana could
ger no buyers and it only during the war that men
Then, Nr,orroo do ~ alrno
were bought for eenbacks, when goldbe currency OF
this state-was at from $50 TO 2OO that is to say,
these lands cost from 60 10 20 cents per acre.
do not doubt that the whole Of the great counties Of
Fresno Tuare, and Kern would have been gobbled up
by land mOnoposts at the same rate, had not the
Government given land grant in these counties to the
Southern Pacific Railroad, and withdrawn the whole OF
the public lands from sale at the time. From this
results that the sections now open only to
preampton or homestead settlement, in tracts of from
50 to 16O acres, and thus more than 100000
acres Of the most fertile soil in the
world were saved for small farmers, who
are now coming IN in advance Of the railroad and taking
up these Congress and Railroad lands most of which are
of better quality and capable Of various produc-
ton than the MERGED plains.
FRONTIER ECONOMY.
The buildings put up for renters are, as You may
guess as slight and poor can be. There Is shanty
for cooking and seepingthe farm laborer here fur
nishes his own bedding and does his own washng and
his equipment is usually two shirts and
a pair Of blankets. There lis well, and
barn. rOomy enough to hold the hay, and barley, and
the teams The renter either has house Of bis own else
where or If he is poor, his family live in this shanty
there is no vegetable garden there are no trees there is
absolutely nothing 10 make life endurable or pleasant
and the only Of owner and tenant is to get as
much out Of the land each year as they can
At the least expense. IL is not q pleasant
of
anent But IL develops the farmers who practice it
great deal of enterprise and very shrewd business
habits They make money by economy in cultivation;
and they are very quick in selling new aborsavng de-
vices. II may Judge from those met, should say
these wheat farmers are unusually intelligent set Of
men, with great courage. Last year fed my teams but
once day. the whole season, and worked them hard,
too" said ono TO Chow could you be so
inhuman2" 1 exclaimed. "By Jove," he answered,
II was not inhuman; was POOR had very little
TO eat myself" nurseryman wished TO have
a piece of 20 acres plowed ten inches deep,
but was told it could not be .done with the gang
plows. "Why not try q single lpowl' 1 ventured
TO suggest "No Sir" farmer replied al don't sa6e
single pillow you can't get any man to put hand 10
his plow here" One farmer told me, in reply TO some
questions that he had lost 1000 in the last two years
He expected 10 make at least $4,000 clear Of all expenses
this year. He had paid for seed and feed shipped from
san Francisco, to put in his crop this Winter $780,
BEET FARMING
Another farmer shIewdly remarked to me that when
the wheat crop is large enough 10 supply the State, and
little over then wheat pretty sure to be very low
in prce-lower than when the crop very great :;
because" said he, heavy crop draws ships here to
carry it of; with light crop the small surplus weighs
on the market because ships to take away"
Ireproached some Of them for planting trees and
tho answer was, 1--WE do MT 90 cent on anything but
wheat in this county; we all want TO get rich in two
years" Butsthe best men I spoke with saw the
evil OF this farming, and are prepared 10
welcome better things. The soil in MeCced County
is well tied for many crops. Fruit grows well where
ever has been tried and tho sugar beet culture has
been begun on large scale Sacramento where 200
acres are now sOwn and complete factory
is ready for operation It has cost S2OOOO and the com
pany are satisfied that they will get this year ten barrels
OF sugar 10 the acre They employ $50 men in the fields
mostly Chinese and between 70 and so in the works. and
they have extensive sheds for storing the beets have
planted willows along the fence lines and irrigatng
bitches for windbrea and have prepared sheds for fat
tenng 800 head Of cattle with the bagasse refuse
which last wear they found be very much reshed by
animals. They mix ten pounds OF cut nay Win as niue n
bagasse the beast Will cat. The beets are sOWn IN
February and the sugar making viii begin In July The
beet sugar works san Francisco have been, II IL
said enormously profitable for the past two seasons On
the MERGED County plains but little attempt mas yet been
irrigation but plans have been formed,
and experience has shown that if the land is flooded and
thoroughly soaked before II Is plowed IN December IL
win bear profitable crop, no matter how dry the season
c. n.
| SEX AND COLOR IN MEDICINE.
! To he Edttor Of The Tribune.