, 1872-12-08
The Source Of the Solar Reat---Pomo In
dians---Constitutionl Germany
Miracles a1d Fact---Free
Trade in Land.
OLD AND NEW.

This plan would have the CREST advantage that We
pocy Of the Executive Is and We should able to
hold the Executive, more precisely than Te nov 90 to
SO as G IS
sad recently, that it is great marvel that the English
Government forward at al under TIE necessity Of
constant e1pIanation refusal to e1pain Wills Par-
lament is in session. 1t may said perhaps that
The English this confusion in their Adrn1nstra-
country1nan, Mr. Ward, has wisely said, they .'are
governed by rhetoric more than By logic" They have
come so far that they regard hrs-rate speaking moro
even than rat-rte executive ability in tho choice Of
Prime Minister. might almost be said that you can
not hys % 6an 9nezt to ne b
If his account Of bis own powers in this line Is the
tTue one.
the question, and passes on to lvelier topics. A
:pub1ican-J.P 2. Quincy-pre2ehes sermon M
der the title,
TEE TAXATION OF CHURCHES.
He gives Us his skeleton, thus:
Property invested churches should be treated Ike
ali other property. It should help the people meet
their necessary expenditures 1ts exemption from tax-
atiou & legal; but just9 Not consistent with
democratic theory Of government. Evils Of any aln-
ance between Church md state press this home. Two
an, Why shou1d SONS hundred millions Of property, in
vested in ecclesiastical edifces contribute nothing to
Support the burdens Of the stte there any essen-
al difference between making direct donation to the
pubic money to support sectordan views Of religion,
End relieving ecclesiastical Investments Of their pro-
Church and State Is Christian work. Then shall the
former represent the ideal Justice between nan and
theory Of government is delusion.
He says:
Remember that ne right to land, either Is H.
6ividual corporation, is natural right. It Is
9xpediency but, in granting this permission, the
Legislator wond the most odious and intolerab1e
s wEe nGt ct Tor dso
taxes and competition. Taxes 8oad 1and-holders
one aide; competition persuades them the other.
The result L. that the industrial forces OF the
uniy take possession Of the land at the precise
.uent when It's productive powers be increased BY
when he permits the natural capabilities Of land to be
-dwarfed By Fictitious distinctions among its holders
He assumes tremendous responsibility: He volstes
takes another's 1ifo Violates : moral law. Both
1nay be justified but the probabilities are against
and passing necessity for their actions.
It is said tha Commercial Metropolis is already
gn allegiance and threatens the most vital Of Ameri
institutions. 1t is alleged that this ecclesiastical
hon laws, has acquired enormous wealth, and stands
ready to buy legislation at the highest quotations Of
'that commodity. Our Catholic friends may say that
this Is idle scandal utterly untrue at tha present
time, and Of their particular Church. Very well,
then; viii cheerfully admit. But mark this unless
TN Fl @ M g
sempting from taxation valuable lands At the
asho1sa Sa to oh hold un7atsd tied aabuf5s sooa
be citycenreE provided these are held as "grounds"
For ssgsd it, 4 haE
ityhat may choose to take the reins. Whether that
Unitarian or PosiHvist, or by name at present
s1ntanai1ar, will not pretend to say. But can tell
nernory Of those politicians ho by permitting unjust
Laws to stain democratic Btatutebooks gave their
propary to spoltaton, and imperiled their dearest
QUESTIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE,
'Dy the Rev. George AFFORD, is dissertation in
the form Of correspondence, relieved by q lit
st1e dialogue and startling catastrophe. con-
cerning the scientific thought Of the day IS it
,atfects the average trust of men and women in
the goodness of God, 2 future life, and human
happinesB. These topics are ine1haustib1e; /;
every human being is, to aomo extent, 4 searcher
and an expounder Of such truth in them as
~he finds for himself. The spirit Of the article is
apparent in this paragraph.
Science, Or Philosophy tcan it what you Willy, says
It is now for the first time gojngo give an answer to
snaa 3
i5ble hopes ot humanity then Science is Minister
For ny part hope it viii be proved t1a tevery atou,
Ct matter and shred Of protoplasr, and breath OF
1uaated being, belong with spirit; Of kind,
essential to each other; that mind and matter, body
and soul Creator and al creation, arc an one. Then
there will not be for hidoous doubt that evil
nny gurive. Give that unity, and the growing
teigence which appears in man, and which must ar
Given such unity, and it ia impossible for me to
doubt that 1t subssts By virtue Of an informing Mind,
. universal Spirit, than which know no nobler
Thought nor sweeter consolation.
Tan even eager to have tho assertions Of material
liam established the basis Of the widest geoerali-
zaon Of spiritual facts that has ever been possible
E. f. Hale gives an inimitable little sketch OF
one 'dear little Janet" which ends, as all sto~
ries ought to, in the happy marriage Of hin and
her.
MEASURING TIE nAp1Drrv OF THOUGHT.
When people say, "Quick az thought, :" they
the other miracles which modern science has
accomplished, ". E. Dae1 tells us, is the feat Of
measuring the rapidity Of mental operations.
This has been accomplished through the
labors Of such eminent European psychologists
as Du Bois-Reymond, Valentin, Donders, Hirsch.
Helmholtz, and especially Mayer. These men
have actually invented . machine, called the
myograph. to measure and record the motion Of
nervous action. By this conuivance
Helmhotz found that to traverse nerve 1.6 inches
long, the impulse required .0o0175 Of
en seeen 70 i sec 70
v-r5ataon from the circumstances ot the particular
case. ::
of the nsychical action, 9Has thought the infinite
speed which is usually attributed to t7" asks Don.
ders: tor will be possible to measure the time nee.
esary for the formation Of aea, OF for deermina
ton of the vii 2"
The first researches this interesting subject are
About the year 1870, Maske1yne discovered the curl
ous fact that there constant and equal discrep
across the thread Of meridian telescope and those
Of bis assistant, Einnebrock. This attracted the ut
teutiou Of other astronomers and Bessel comparing
he DISSERTATIONS OF others with his own found that
most obeervera signazed the passsge Of star little
later than be did himself, the difference sometimes
amounting TO more than serond. Other observers
occuped themselves with the determination Of this
crror which ia called the personal equation
1,arTone conditions OF the individuals vary and