The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1872-04-19

. u - -E-L. .s.ltHl I,9if EQln %
D Science, Industries ard Manufacture
7 = = BRASS AND COPPER PIPES.
T The curved pipes manufactured. (
brass and copper are ordinarily forme
OF two parts, each of seinf-circuls
!, section, the two being bolted togethe
and braxed.h Such parts are faised an
planishedl with hsmmers-a long an
laborious operation. hifg a}iiub 1-d0
? sRecently,j however, the process ha
been introduced in England of employ
Igng for this purpose three rollers+ tn
y igas pair of rollers, one convex an
the ether cOncaye on the face, fh
n curvature corresponding with tie sec
tiQnA form Of the half pipe. to be Pre-
dueed, while the third roller is behin,
this pair, and is so set that when IS tri
OF metal to form q half bent pipe j
passed between the rollers of the pair
it comes against the third roller, And
\ titus bent to a regular curve, the "a
dit1s of which depends sOn the posi-
ton Of the third roller in relation
the pair. The edges of the meta
strips are made true and parallel befor,
they are brought to the machine, ant
edge guides, or equivalent arrange
ments, are provided to prevent tht
strip twisting while it is being bent
The curves may be made in continue.
fiOn of straight lengths in the same
piece Of metal. The success of this
method is complete. ''i''
| 49,. ..f A NOVEL ART. ,....
One Of the most interesting novelties
in tine preparation of furs for the retail
trade, as now practiced, Is the process of
duplication or manifolding. 1t is well
known by those of any experience in
such matters, that some Of the finest
and most expensive ftirs, especially
those from northern regions, such as
the sable and the silver fox, are almost
too close and heavy i'm the original
state of the skin for ordinary use. To
Obviate this, the method is pursued of
| cutting up the pelt into strips about .
third OF an inch ia width, aud between
two OF these is inserted strip ,ofiequal
width of silk. The strips are carefully
matched jim color and united with the
greatest dexterity, 80 that the fur com.
pieteiy closes over the seam. A fabric
is thus produced more open, light
and better toned than the original skin,
while the latter is eeonOmized by the
substitution of silk for q portion Of the
natural fabric. 1t is claimed that the
articles prepared in this manner are not
only much cheaper as matter Of
course, but are also more wholesome.
CHARCOAL FILTERS FOR DEoDoRIzA-
~ Ias Hils = rrnNG '3i2up0
h According to DIR. StenhOuse of Lon
don, very erroneous views prevail in
regard to the deodorizing and disin-
fecting properties OF charcoal. Instead
Of acting as an antiseptic, and thereby.
retardifig the decay of putrefyi1g sub
stances with which it is in contact, as.
is usually supposed, its action, says
DR.. s., is the very reverse ofthis. Char
coal, from the considerable amount of
condensed oxygen contained within
its pores, not only absorbs but rapidly
Oxidizes the ef1iuvia and miasmata
omitted by decaying substances, and
resolves them into the simplest cOmbi-
nation they are capable of forming.
The charcoal air-filter consists of
layer of charcoal in coarse powder,
varying i'm size, according TO circum-
stances, between small bean and q
filbert. The charcoal Is placed betwt en-
two sheets of wire gauZe, fixed in q
frame and can be readily applied to
buildings, tOiships, to the air shafts of
sewers, and various other purposes. All
the impurities in the air are absorbed
by the charcoal. so that current OF
pure air alone passes through the
filter; in this way, pure air may be Oh
tained from very impure sources.
!, 1t is evident, also, that perforated
zinc, or frame work of coarse wire
filled with larger pieces and greater
thickness of charcoal may be thus en-
ployed whenever the amount of effiuvia
evolved is considerable. L.- |
fecting agents at present employed, the
oxygen contained in the air of the at
mOsphere is by far the cheapest and
most effective; and 3he usefulness
of the charcoal air-filtef consists in its
aff0rding q safe and advantageous
means of applying atmospheric air to
dislnfectiDg purposes. asE '#
CIRONoMETER WORKMANSHIP.
SO perfectly are the principles now
understood which govern the proper
construction of chronomcters, that per-
haps no instrument has attained so
near to the point Of absolute perfection
as this. The principal difficulty that
has had to be overcome is that of COM
pensatiOn. Metals, however carefully
prepared, expand and contract with |
tine, mosphere,9 and these variations
naturally interfere with rates of speed.
These errors were of vast importance |
to the navigator, and admouished him |
that he should be very careful that |
his chrOnOmeters We're adjusted for
high and low temperature in the ice
chambers , and gas-stOves of their
makers. -... .r.. tr.f, i
Such has been the progress made in
this art thatthe faults of the cbronom-
eter have been brought down to b mat
ter of statistics, like the rising and
setting Of the sun, SO that every
deviation is regular and anticipated.
The compensation balance, composed |
of brass and steel lamine, corrects
every temperature error to q daily rate
of four seconds, which may be regard
ed as pretty nearly uniform in. all tenn
perature between thirty and ninety de-
grees. Mr.. Frodsham, the most emil
nent mechanician in this line in Eu-
rope, and perhaps in. the world, has
distinguished himself by the in
ventiOn of a microscopic balance, af-
fortiing simple means of adjusting |
without removing the |
balance or disturbing the mean time.
lone of the most remarkat le instru-
ments produced by Mr.. F., Is the as
trOnomical regulator made for Harvard |
college, an instrument combining !
every accumulated improvement, in
cluding new brass tubular mercury |
compensation pendulum, and connect |
ing galvanic apparatus for recording |
the time of observations. This is q |
model of the celebrated clock made by |
Mr.. F. for the Melbourne observatory. |
The results of the performance Of this |
clock proved the most remarkable for |
accuracy on record, its wonderful pre-
cision being attributed by the maker,
not only to mechanical, but also to the
that few pendulum-rods are
ever so perfectly Homogeneous as to
Iengthen directly by heat, or shorten
by cold. On the contrary, ex-
periments show that they often expand
into bow form. 49,. ...-...,; 10. ..-o |
eIf7 SCIENTIFIC VENTILATION. ic |
NJ. NORM, IN a paper read before one
of the scientific associations Of Paris,
holds that outlets for the escape of bad
air should always be at or near the
floor of room, and the inlets for
fresh air near the ceiling, or at such q