The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1872-07-26
STANLEY AND THE MAN OF IRON"
sSThe Great Divide" of the Zambezi
and the Upper Nile.
THE PROBLEM OF THE AGES SOLVED.
Herald Cup Nile Ex-
petition.
FURTHER MAP EXPLANATIONS.

j. Uh HIN IuIll IIAi hhlNA lO-Np.
The splendid map. presented to-day to the
Herald readers graphically portrays the CON-
bincd ana corrected results OF all known explora-
tiOns in Equatorial Africa. AS an accurate work
oil art and as the expression OF all that geographic
science Mt present deduce from these exp.0ra-
tons, 1t will historically perpetuaJe the memory or
the INDUSTRIOUS explorers and cosmographers, who
have despised the danger and the toll OF research
and plunged into the trackcss regions of the great
tropical continent. 1t will also serve the addi-
tional purpose OF preserving to lame the great ex
pl0its lin which the whole American press must
share with the HERALD) by which the imperied
band under Sir Samuel Baker has been sought for
by our up Nile" expedition, and by which also
the indomtable Livingstone has been found and
snccOred by the courage OF our correspondent,
Stanley
NEW WORLD BROUGHT TO LIGHT
1t is no exaggeration to say that these charted
results reveal new world to civilization. Even In
his most sanguine moments Columbus was uncon-
sciOus OF the immense boon his discovery had con-
terred on the world. 1t is. doubtless. so with
Livingstone and those who have been the sharers
of his labors and the companions OF his trials. But
the philosophic mind, overlapping the present and
peering into the near future, beholds these
plished results in their varied relations to human
progress, and the develOpments-noral, social and
scien tinc-that must ere long follow in the blazing
track OF tho explorer Although the Continent of
Africa is three times large as Europe,
and nearly equals the combined land masses
OF North and South America, its geog
raphy has, till recently. been scarcely better
known than it was In the times Of PhGnician
glery and the early Portuguese adventures of Bar
thoomew Daz and vasco di CANA, and absolutely
laso knn tn opton Of fi,,u Tho forn
moon, Of which he has exquisite and beautiful
photographs.
TIE GREAT SECRET.
which, from the time OF Herodotus has ever bafIied
the skill and penetration OF all gcographers and
physicists, has been the wonderful phenomena which
belong to the Nile. On the tangled and mysterious
thread of its course nature has strung the richest
gems of African geography and photography. and
1t was to the genius OF Livingstone that she first
disclosed the fact that he who unravelled the mys-
terv Of the ancient river would be the first to
gather these precious pearls Of knowledge. The
gist OF the great problem OF the Nile has been to
explain how its volume can be sustained, for over
fourteen hundred miles, from its junction with the
uncertain Atbara, In Lower Nubia to the Mediterra
mean Sea, without single tributary stream be-
meath scorching and amid the thirsty and
burning sands Of the desert. We shall presently
see how perfectly the discovery OF Livingstone. as
announced by the HERALD correspondent, unlocks
the whole difficulty, and presents the mind, to
speak, with bird's-eye view OF the whole subject.
EXPLANATION Oy THE MAP.
The map is made out from all the reports fur
uished. at different times by the numerous Afri-
can explorers, especially Dr. Livingstone, Sir Sam
mel Baker, Captains Grant, Spoke and Burton. the
maps OF the Royal Geographical Society OF London,
the data furnished by DR.. Livingstone through Mr..
Stanley in all his communications 10 the HERALD,
and also from all the data forwarded us by our up
Nile'' expedition, sent ont fon Cairo in arch Of
Sir Samuel Baker. Included In these results will
be found the corrections for instrumental errors
by the different explorers in determining the al
titudes and elevations OF the high lands and lake
levels OF the whole country. The corrections are
made by several OF the ablest English
and American scientists, and furnish the
means Tor constructing an geographic chart Of
route in search of Livingstone, as well az the now
famous scene Of his night with Miranda indicated
by tue American nag), the camp of Livingstone
tmarked by the English fag), as also Stanley's
camp and headquarters by mis- national colors,
marked very clearly. The second great expedition
OF the HERALD up the Nile is also given from Cairo
to Korasko. and thence across the Nubian Desert
10 the Nile and southwark TO Ehartoum, where 1t
was last heard from on its way to fad Sir Samuel
Baker, as also the last reported camp OF Sir
Samuel. The entire topography OF the regions
around lakes Tanganyika, Albert Nyanza and
Victoria Nyanza; the photography $50 far as
given by the latest telegrams and letters Of Stanley
and Livingstone) OF the Chambezl, the Luapula and
the Lualaba, and ali the surrounding country whose
drainage supplies the headwaters of the Nile are
Also given In full
without attempting now to supply anything like a
history or detailed resume OF the great expeditions
OF Livingstone aud his colaborers II may be wen for
the reader TO mention briefly the results obtained
by the chief explorers.
SUCCESSIVE STEPS ~ THE GREAT DISCOVERY.
The first light that broke over the problem OF
ages was that obtained by the early adven.
lures Of Livingstone bringing to our knowl-
edge the drainage OF the Lake Nyassa
and the upper Zambezi River, and then by the Jour-
q land where small rivuiets began to now north
ward into great fresh water sea lying about four
hundred and eighty miles south OF Gondokoro, the
uppermost well known point on the White Nile.
Starting in October 1860, from the East African
coast, Spoke and Grant pushed towards Kazeh,
and, traversing country never previously trodden
by civilized man, determined that this great fresh
water lake, or sea, Victoria Nyanza, whose south
ern watershed extends to three degrees south of
the Equator, Is the reservoir from which the sacred
Bahr.ElAbiad. or White Nile, mainly or largely de-
sends to Gondokoro and thence by Khartoom into
the sandy plains OF Egypt.
SIR SAMUEL BAKERS DISCOVERY OF THE ALBERT