New-York tribune., 1872-03-27

The red oxide of zinc in the franknte Is regarded
no detriment but rather anadvantage Manganesife
rous Ores probably suitable for spiegeesen. as have
shown exist both the borders of Lake Superior and
in Missouri so shall not be dependent on foreign
sources for this ampOrant ingredient in the Bessemer
process.
simpe and wonderful az are results. they repre-
sent chemical changes which have long been known
Pig metal, apart from its impurities, is highly carbu
reted ron the maximum OF carbon which Faraday could
obtain being 6 per cent Steel contains from 03 TO Is
per cent of carbon iron is steel freed from nearly
every trace of carbon Now it is evident that in the con-
version Of casron into malleable iron 1t must pass
through the intermediate state of steel but the difficulty
been determine the point of time in which
TO arrest process Bessemer and herein consists the
great merit his prOcess adds the amount of carbon to
the decarbonzed iron requisite TO form particular grades
of steel; and completely this under the control OF
the operator that in the practical WORKING IL does not
vary onetenth of per cent While thus the amount
carbon to produce the different grades OF
steel is susceptible of the incest gradaton there are
other combinations which set at defiance the highest
netalurgic skill g., those of phosphorus and sulphur
In the ordinary process OF pudding these noXious in
gradients are. to extent. elimnated but III the
Bessemer process while the sulphur is slightly reduced,
the phosphorus passes into the steel IN undminished
force increased in proportion to the loss sus-
tanned in conversion This is shown In the suboned
assay of Percy of pig iron and mallcabe ron as de-
terminod by the Besst mer process
Pig Iron Msle,ble Iron.
sulphur. r..-.........-.....-.-O485 O4U
PhOs sphOrus. ............ .l0l2 llO2
The great bulk of the British derived from the
coal mea sures and the has and the Pennsylvania ores
derived the coal as well as the recent de-
posts known as "bOg" ores utterly worthless for
the production of Bessemer steel The Adirondack ores
and herein include their extension southwark 10
New-Jersey-are often contaminated with sulphur and
phosphorus and even ttaniumthe latter element be.
ing equally deeterousso that they cannot be employed
where high degree Of tensile strength, as in iron. or
keen cutting qualities in steel required Happily
for u.s. however in the specuar and magnetic ores OF
Lake Superior and Missouri, and their resultant pro-
ducts from decompOsition-the brown sesquoxides-we
have an absolute perfection OF iron and in exhaust
less quantities; and the block Goals Of Indiana we
have reducing agent which closely assimates to char
COAL thus providing the great materials for the
feet realization of this problem.
As them the process il destined to confer
substantial benefits mankind and country
affords unsurpassed facilities for its full Development
opportune to state how far ii has become doMi
ced among and what expense attends its inrOduc-
ton The plant necessary produce 100 tuns of ingots
in period of "A hours costs 100000. and to duplicate
this plant under the shelter costs 100000. rail
mill 10 consume this combined product costs 100000.
Thus TO carry the various from the crude
material 10 the merchantabe RAIL- requires capital Of
not less than 100000 This may seem startling, and
yet while capital is cautious 1t is ever keen to seek the
already been established at the following points: Troy,
" Y; Johnstown, Harrisburg, and bethlehem PENN
Cleveland Chicago. two; and Joliet
Illinois one now erecting Each OF these establishments
has a double plant. and is capable or supplying rail
mill At Troy, the melt consists of twOthrds English
pig and One-third American charcoal pig. AT Harris
burg and Bethlehem anthracite iron, without the add
tiOn of charcoal iron, Is employed Al cleveland pig
iron from Missouri Iron Mountain ore smelted with Bra
Zil coal and at Chicago, Brazil pig and Grand Tower
Murfree coal twOthrds, and coke 0ne-third,
are successfully used Mr. Holley prefers, however,
in all cases, admixture Of Onethird charcoal pig.
The distinctive qualities OF pig metal whether mace
main feature being their freedom from sulphur and phos
phOrus The of spegeleisen from Germany Is SbS,
gold that of the NcwJersey rankhne about the same
The latter Is richer In manganese, and Is equally es-
tecmed
There is loss of Is per cent OF PIC metal In the
conversion steel The scraps utilized by draw
ing them merchant bars tires, wire, &c Where the
pig ingOt steel will be s6l, and rails
s8l For these practical details am Indebted TO Mr A.
s. HOey gentleman OF eminent experience, ana un-
whose supervision several OF the works enumerated
have been erected This branch Of iron industry Is yet
in It's infancy, and especially In the states bordering the
Ohio Valley The cardinal fact is demonstrated In
the daily product Of blast furnaces and convefers that
the specuar OF Lake Superior and Missouri by rea
of their richness and purity and the block Goals OF
Indiana in their near approach 10 charcoal as reducing
agent and the facilities which exist for bringing these
together destined to the worlds imperative
demand for cheap steel IL requires prophetic vision
TO that, before the lapse OF half century the
coal region Indiana will be the principal seat Of
Bessemer steel manufacture, not only Of this country
but Of the world. j. W. FOSTER.
ChicdgO, March II, 1872.