davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1872-05-03
Fire Up, De,nocrats.

That the Democracy in this
county are more than usually un-
easy as to the probable result Of the
June election, may be inferred by
the strenuous exertions which they
began so early to make for the pur-
pose Of kindling enthusiasm among
the bone and sillew of the party.
The leaders evidently felt tie abso-
lutte necessity Of putting forth every
exertion to rouse the latent interest
and energies otthe fraternity, a State
to which new departure dodges, pas
sive schemes elsewhere, and Legisla-
tive iniquities in this state had re-
duced the feelings ot'the party, and SO
they organized their clubs long ago,
held their meetings weekly tor quite
time, until all the stlmpers and
spoutcrs they had, had completely
run ont Of political soap, and then
they, per .torre, subsidized. We hear
Of no more club meetings now, and
have our doubts whether those that
were held, never largely attended or
Of much enthusiasm, amounted to
much in intuSing life and confidence
in the body Of Linn Democracy. If
they did, the present state of that
body is oneof reaction, as it appears
deader than ever. Now the Re
publican party las no particular
need of such stirring up. The masses
of that party are intelligent men,
who think, and read, and choose
their principles for themselves, and
acting from honest and Intelligent
conviction, they need 10 coaxins or
@ourging to be kept in the ranks;
but poor Democracy has a large ele-
ment. which must be labored with
and worked over at every election,
to keep them from departing over
into the ranks of the opposition.
These exhausted spouters of Linn,
and by-the-way it does not take
them long to say all they know, or
have committed must fill up with
something other, it doesn't matter
what it is, 50 it makes a noise, and
try another round at warming up
the unterritied. Come, gentlemen,
try to kindle another fire under the
I 1Aon,ccratin NOT
The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1872-05-03
Uncaay.

Our neighbor Of the Democrat
vainly endeavors to hide his un-
easiness as to the result Of the COM
ing election i'll this county. 1t Is
true that the Democracy carried this
county by two hundred majority
two years ago; but the Democrat
knows that times have changed, is
sues have changed. The Democra-
cy of two years ago were diSsimllar
in their platform principles, in many
points, from those advocated now.
Two years ago they denied the val
idity Of the 18th and 18th Amend
ments; now they accept them, but
commit the strange Inconsistency OF
denying the right Of the President
to enforce Congressional legislation
based upon them. They have
changed in their position on inter
nal improvements, on the National
debt, ETC.; and is it not reasonable
to conclude, that while change has
become so conspicuous a trait in the
character of Democracy; while its
indentity is recognizable in the
multitariousness of its changes as
its Inconsistencies, and errors, and
follies, and deceptions appear and
vanish in quick succession upon the
political landscape, that many of
the more intelligent and conScien-
tious members of the party will lose
their respect for it, and withdraw
their support ? The Democracy Of
county to-day are not the Dem
ocrats Of two years ago in their feel
ings OF alliance to the party. There
is nothing to indicate that the
party has grown stronger numerlc-
ally, and there is much to show that
it has grown weaker. Within the
last two days we have heard two
Democrats express their detemina-
ton to rpudiate a portion OF the
Democratic ticket; and if such is
the feeling here, it may be safely i'll
tcrred thata like determination pre-
walls elsewhere in the county among
Democrats Of like views. The Dem
ocratic ticket for this county, in
point of character, business quail
tication and sobriety, is not above
censure. Intelligent, sober Demo
Gratis may we'll hesitate before they
deposit their ballots. They riH
hesitate; and we have reason to
believe that when the vote of this
county is announced next June,
many, if not the entire Republican
ticket, will be elected by a fair ma
jority. For this, let every Repub-
lican labor.
----sO . s---------------
The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1872-05-03
Indirect Claims.

Some late dispatches have con-
yeyed the impression that our Gov
ernmcnt has changed its position
upon the question of indirect dam
ages; but this is substantially with
out foundation in fact. The claims
will not be withdrawn unless Eng
land grants the point involved IN
the settlement OF the question. So
we read from the latest Washing
ton specials. The Government of
the United States never expected
to obtain damages from Great Brit
ain, but believing it had the right
to present these claims, it did so
for the purpose Of having the ques-
ton settled.
The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1872-05-03

The dispatches inform us that this
celebrated volcano is in most ter
rible as we'll as grand state of crup-
tion. On the 25th ult., new craters
had been formed and streams of
lava were pouring down the noun
tain sides in different directions.
On the 26th, the eruption was in
creasing and becomingmore serious.
Over one hundred persons had been
burned by the lava and flames
which burst from the earth under
the feet of the inhabitants. The
town of Tora Del Greco was in
danger, and the people were fleeing
from the place. The villages on
the mountain side were threatened,
and thousands of the inhabitants
lad fled and encamped on the fields.
The scene is described as sublime
and awful, masses ofrock and flames
being elected to a great hight.
Mount Nesuvius is one of the
most celebrated volcanic mountains
OF Europe, situated some six miles
east Of Naples, Italy. 1t is thirty
miles in circuit at its base, and is
3,949 feet in hight. Towns and
villages cover the lower portion Of
the mountain, and villas and luxuri-
ant groves are scattered over the
higher terraces, while above these
succeeds q region of absolute waste
and sterrility. The apex Of the
mountain is described as having the
appearance of a truncated cone
deeply covered with ashes, the ex-
treme top presenting the character
of a narrow ledge Of burnt earth
nearly two miles in circuit, enclos-
ing the open crater, which has a
depth OF $50 feet. The bottom Of
this is a flat plain, nearly half a
mile in diameter. The first record
ed eruption was in rs, whenit over
wheImed and buried Hercnlaneum,
Pompeii, and Strabiae, and proved
fatal to Pliny, the naturalist. The
ashes on that occasion were carried
as far as Africa. Many eruptions
have occurred since that period.
The most remarkable Of these were
in 1886, ITO, 1922, 1889, and
1855.
The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1872-05-03

We read in an exchange that
long dresses for street wear are
again the mode for Spring and Sum-
mer. AS a friend aud admirer Of
the fair sex, we can do no less than
express our regrets that a style SO
uncomfortable to the wearer, as it
must be, and so ridiculous and III
decent to look at, as it sweeps the
dust, and mud, and filth from the
sidewalks and crossings in its on
ward draggle, is again coming in
fashion. The present style of short
dresses is both sensible and comfort
able, as well as neat and pretty
and if the ladies' would consult their
physical comfort as well as looks,
they would repudiate the arbitra-
ton of some fool man milliner,
probably Worth, who has revived
the notwithstanding train-style,
and cling to the present cut. Why
should few milliners, of more ava
rice than taste, be permitted to reg
ulate the styles, anyhow? Ladies,
assert your independence, your
rights, and don't submit to the man
date of this long-trail, dust-raising,
underskirt-soiling, strcet-sweeping,
dreadful tashion-don't! It's worse
than pipe-stem breeches and bob
tailed coats, worn by the other sex.
The Albany register. [volume] (Albany, Or.) 1868-18??, 1872-05-03
How co,ln-lslderatel !

achievement. How considefate! !
Hungry as Burnett is for official al
imest, lie yet prefers wind to solid
food, His Squire Brown, how
ever, probably looked closely
after the "bread," Sanco-Panza-
like. But we can't help but
suspicion that this contest termilr
ated, as did Don Quixote's with
the Windmill, in die defeat.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
APPLICATION FOR PATENT.
NOTICE NO. 2oI.
U. o. Survey No. SO.

TT 9. REGISTERS OFFICE, Carson City,
U. New, October Is, ls12.-Notice 10 hereby
given that the Alhambra Mining Company, By
Jacob l., Van Bokkelen, Superintendent and
Managing Agent, has this day filed In this ondco
= copy Of the plat and the field notes OF survey
Of claim, together with notice Of application for
q patent from the United States, under Act OF
Congress approved May 10, 1872, for two thou.
sand q, 0Ooj llncal feet OF q certain vein or lode
OF quartz or other rock In place. bearing gold,
silver, copper and other metals, commonly called
and known as the Alhambrn Lode and Alhambra
Mining Company, situated In the Deyil'f CATO
Mining District, Lyon county, Nevada. Tho
names OF the adjoining claimants, on the came
or other lodes, are as follows. TO wit: Genossee
Company on the south. and Dayton Company on
the eastward, and Is more particularly described
as follows, to-wit: Beginning at Post No. !,
located on the north line OF the Gencssee Com-
pany's claim, from which post tho quarter sec
don corner on tho west line Of section Is, town.
ship l6 north. range 81 east, bears south IS deg.
70 min, west 1877 feet, and running thence, mt
course, north 75& deg. west 427 feet to Post
No. 2; thence, second course, north AZ deg:
course, south TN deg. East 1915 feet TO Post
No. 4; thence, fourth course, south l4x dog.
west 1000 feet 10 Post No. ], the place OF begin
ming, containing 10 63.l00 acres. The bearings
are taken from o true meridian, with q mag
netic variation Of 10 deg. 30 min. east. Bearings
to natural and permanent monuments: From
Post No !, Kossuth Shaft bears north ssh deg.
east; from Post No. !, Mount Lincoln bears
south &6k deg. east. The width OF the lode 10
unknown, but the groupings show plainly for
about 0 thousand feet on tho south end or thg
claim. The location OF the withln.deseribed
mining claim IL OF record, and may be found In
Book Z, page 81. Of the Mining Records Of the
Devirs Gate Mining District, Silver City. Lyon
county. Nevada. The claim Is more particularly
described In the notice, plat and teld notes
posted In this office and on Post No. ! OF the
oeas cod ADoLPHUs WAITE, Register.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
APPLICATION FOR PATENT.
NOTICE NO.. 200.

TT 8. REGISTERS OFFICE, CARSON
u. City, New, September I, 18T2.-Notice 10
hereby given that the Keystone Silver Mining
Company, by Samuel b. Martin, President,
has this day fled in this office . diagram
and Geld notes, together with a notice OF appli-
cation for q patent from the United States, I'M.
der Act OF Congress, approved May ~, 1872, for
/ 900 feet, moro or less, OF q certain vein or
lodo OF quartz or other rock In place, bearing
gold, silver, copper, and other metals, commonly
called and known as the Comstock Lode and
Keystone Mine. situated In Gold Hill Mining
District, Storey county, Nevada; said claim eI.
tending twelve hundred Q200) feet, more or less.
In q southerly direction from Post No. ] along
the line OF said vein or lode, embracing the same
with all its dips, spurs, angles and variations,
bounded on the North BY the Front Lode Con-
solIdated Mining Company. and on the South
by the Justice Independent Company. Tho do.
scription Of said claim, taken nom the Geld
notes and survey made BY the Surveyor General
OF the United States for the District OF Nevada,
atrue plat and diagram Of which survey 10 hereto
attached, Is as follows, to wit: Commencing
ut Post No. 1, located about IS feet west Of Main
street, Gold Hill, and 70 feet northorly from the
Atlas MIL, and 1910 feet southeriy from tho
Crown Point south line, at which polnt Mount
Davidson bears north II deg. west, Mount Lin.
coin south $Sk dogs. cast, quarter section cor.
ner on the west line OF section 8, township Is
north, range q cast, bears north u deg. west 7S8
feet; thence running south TAX dogs, west 800
feet TO Post No. 2; thence eouth Tx degs. east
1850 feet to Post No. 8; thence north 81 deg. "
min. east 500 feet to Post No. 4; thence north
TN deg. west 1,035 feet TO POET No. s; thence
south i2A deg, west 100 feet to Post No. !, tho
place OF beginning. Magnetic variation, 10 deg.
20 min. east, embracing twelve and thirteen one
hundredths a. 1900 acres, together with 200
feet on the east and 800 feet on the west nom
Post No. /. as Indicated In the diagram for
mining and working purposes. The claim herein
with the local customs, mining rules and rrgu:
lstions OF said Mining District, which said
location and notice thereof 10 OF record In the
Recorders ofice Of Storey county, at Gold Hi,
In said Mining district, IN Book B, page Is, OF
Mining Records; and said claim 10 distinctly
indicated by monuments on the ground and sur.
face OF the claim, showing with accuracy tho
exterior surface boundaries Of ruch claim.
oc26 cod ADOLPHuS MAITZ. Registor.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
APPLICATIONS FOR PATENT.
APPLICATION FOR PATENT.
NOTICE NO. 2o3.
U. s. Survey No. So.

TT 8. REGISTERS OFFICE, Carson City,
u. Nov, October q, lST2.-Notice 10 hereby
given that tho Dardanelles Mining Company. by
James J. Robbins, has this dsy hled In this
once . copy OF the plat and the field notes Of
survey Of claim, together with notice OF appli.
cation for Z patent from tho United States, IN.
100 linear feet OF q certain vein or lode OF
quartz or other rock in place, bearing gold, ell.
yer, copper and other metals, commonly called
and known as the Bosphorus Lode, and DArdi,
nelles Gold and Silver Mining Company, situ.
ated In Gold Hill Mining District, Storey eoun-
~. Nevada.
There arc no adjoining claimants on the said
or other lode, go far as is known to said Oar
dknelles Mining Company. The 0vermzn
claim, the Caledonia claim, the Rocky claim and
the Caledonia Mining and Tunneling compa.
ny'e claim are the names Of the nearest claims
to said Dardanelles' claim.
Said claim is moro particularly described as
follows, to-wit:
Beginning at post No. !, from which point
the quarter section corner on the west line OF
bears south 80 deg. 30 min. east $50 feet; thence
let course, west 200 feet to post No. :; thence
ID course, north ] 200 feet to post Nc. 8; thence
Sd course, east 400 feet TO post No. 4 thence
9th course, west 80 feet to post No. ], tho
place Of beginning, containing eleven QD acres.
The bearings arc taken from a true meridian,
with Q magnetic variation OF 10 deg. 20 min.
east, Bearings TO natural and permanent OBJ.
Jects: From post No. l Mount Davidson bears
north 10 deg. west; from post No. j Mount
Lincoln bears south 43% deg. cast; from post
No. 2 Dardnnelles shaft bezrr north 672k feet.
The location Of the within described mining
claim Is Of record. and the record thereof may
Hill Mining Records. now In the ofiee Of the
County Recorder OF Storey county, Nevada.
The claim Is more particularly described In
tho notice, plat, and field notes posted In this
Office and upon tho front door OF the hosting.
works OF the Dardanelles Mining Company.
oc24GOd ADOLPHUS WAITE, Register.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
Baltimore Consolidated
Mining

H,or1cE. TIE BALTIMORE MINING
N Company and the Baltimore American
S.rs n IND Baltimore Consolidated Mining
comnsny holders Of shares In the former two
eompsnies are hereby notified Of the same, and
reanested 10 bring In their certificates Of stock
and cxchapge them share for share for certin.
DAVID 7, BAGLHY, Secretary.
onlee-Room No. 10, No. +01 California street,
San Francisco Cal. oS16 In
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
UNITED STATES REcIsTER's
No.

TN THE o. 8. LAND OFFICE OF THE
d \ q, Ss' Gniss q s S.,sE1 70 ~ ~ 4. IBUcKiNiNsTER,
and Ill parties interested, Greeting: You are
hereby rummoned 70 appear before me, .t my
once, In Carson City. on the 18Th day Of NO
vember, A. D. lsT1, at 10 O'Clock A. 4, TO answer
he Complaint OF william B. Thornburyh. aver.
yino your clsIm. 10 Lot No. 10. Block No. q,
Range 6, In the town site OF. Gold Hill. Storey
county, State Of Nevada, 70 DO unjust and lle,
al: and, then and there, do you show cause, n
any there DO, why the claim OF ssid MInam d;
legal And be allowed to enter the said lot, fail.
Ing In which, Judgment will b taken against
To The United States Marshal, Greeting:
MAKO service and return hereof.
!. Given under my hand this 18th day OF Otto-
ADOLPHUs wAITZ, Register.
o.aa Id QIatrct Of CaIlon CITY. NeHada.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
DuOxRYE COED AND sILuR

Id Mining Company=Location Of Works,
DcviI's Gate District Lyon County, State Of
S Sss.Ias q ssa fra !: ssIs & IL. say eonp 1s.s 4 ssis !
on, tho ssth day Of October. A. D. 1874, sn
assessment o two Dollsrsp per share was levied
upon tho capital stock Of ssid Company, pay.
able immsdistsly, In United Statei gold coin,
70 the Secretary, a the ONCE OF the Company,
Room . GHaywIrd's Building, <is California
street, San Fnueiseo, ca; Any stock upon
ID. in .Sai 50 deemed d%saSau.n.; md vii
Be duly advertised for SALE ct public auction,
and unless. payment shln be made before, VII
be sold on MONDAY, the sd day OF Dseemeer,
\. p.slsn, 70 pay tbs dslin9usnt asssesmSns
OF ssle. ~ order Of the Board o. Trustees. w
oRAs. y. Fish, sses:tsfy;;,o
. omes-Roon No. s. Hay1vafds puho.nE = -
Csntoypa stress, Gan Pnndsso,ca. eeo"
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
A pAuoHryn of one Of the first fami

A DAUGHTER Of one Of the first fami.
lies In Kansas City thus rehearsed a
family jar" Father got mad be-
cause mother starched his stockings
mother picked up the stockings and hit
father with them, and 1t sounded as
though they were sticks Of wood
father then stuffed a hot wheat cake
down mothers throat; then mother
set the dog OIL father, and twisted the
dogs tail TO make him bite harder"
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

A YOUNG lady who has just returned
from Europe advises her friends not to
20 there "unless you are sure you
know enough to appreciate the beau
ties Of Europe. 1t lends such 4 charm
TO Italy to remember that among these
groves Of olives the immortal Beetho-
ven sculptured the Medicean Venus,
and Shakespeare composed the sublime
poem Of Paradise Lost"
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

CHARLOTTE CUsDdXN, the famous
tragedienne, has with her a faithful
colored servant, named Sally, who has
been In her service over thirty years.
The closeness with which this woman
follows the fortunes OF her renowned
mistress Is shown In the fact that she
has crossed the Atlantic with Miss
Cushman no less than fourteen times.
Miss Cushman nov regards Sally more
in the light OF a true and confidential
friend than In that Of n servant.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
$A8;8
TO CHARLES z. DELoNG-S,R: Take

TO CHARLES z. DELoNG-SiR: Take no.
tice. that tho above amount 10 now duo from
you - your pro rata In and on the Gold and
Silver Mining Company and ground or claim.
called tie South Extension Of tho Columbii; IN
Spring Valley, Lyon County and state OF Ne.
yida. Payment Of the same 10 required Of you
nehts and interests therein will be forfeited
according 70 the law In such eases msde and
provided. JOHN phIM1,
November o, 1872. hos ia"s
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

And In accordance with law and an order Of
the Board Of Trustees, made on the 9Th day OF
October, 1872, 30 many shares OF each parcel
public auction, At the ONCE OF the Company
In Morrow's Building. No. AZ California street,
San Francisco. Cal, on SATURDAY. the Soth
day OF November, 1871, At the hour OF ! O'Clock
P. n. Of said day. to pay said delinquent assess
ment thereon, together with costs OF advertising
W. VI. sTETsoN. Secretary.
loficc-No. Az California street, Ban Fran
cisco. Cal. no ~ "a
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
.$+@ 10
To GEORGE sHERNAN-sR:

To GEORGE SHERMAN-SIR: Take mo-
tiee. that tho above amount 10 now due from
you as your pro rata in and on the Gold and
oliver Mlning Company and ground or eiAim,
called the South Extension OF the Columbia In
Spring Valley, Lyon County. and state OF ne.
ysda. PAYMENT OF the sam 10 required OF you
In ninety DAYS from date, and II not paid, your
rights and Interests therein will be forfeited
According to the law In such cases made and
provided. JOHN spEiNG,
November Q, 1871. MOP avs
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
tees $50. .. .a3.
d Freedom, Trus.

tees ............ ........+%l ,.... U....lU. 81.
And In accordance with law and an order Of
the Board OF Trustees. made on the ID day OF
October, 1874, go many shares OF each parcel OF
said stock - may DO necessary, will DO sold at
public auction, 1t the ofico Of the Company,
No. ~ California street, San Pranclsco, Cal,
on WEDNESDAY, November nth, 1874, at the
hour Of I o'clock p. T., OF said day, TO pay said
delinquent assessment thereon, together With
costs OF advertising and expenses Of sale.
r. WEGENER, Secretary.
ofice-No. ~ California street, Ban Fran
cisco, California, NOS ID
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

4 WEDDING was to take place one
evening lately, and bride. parson and
guests were ready. when 1t was an
nouuced that the unhappy groom was
on = jury which was unable to agree,
aud hsd been locked up for the night.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

And In accordance with law, and an order OF
the Board Of Trustees, made on tho let day OF
October, 1871, 30 many shares Of each parcel OF
said stock % may DO necessary will be sold at
public auction, a. the Office ofthe Company, No.
70 Hayward's Building, San Francisco, Califor.
MIA, on FRIDAY, tho 18th day OF November,
1877, at the hour OF / O'Clock ?. y. Of said day,
TO pay said delinquent assessment thereon,
together with costs Of advertising and expenses
Of sale.
ohnce-Room No. 10 Haywsrd's Building, 4ls
California street. San Francisco, Cal. noStd
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20
TUI.IA GOLD AND SILVER

d Mining Company.-Location Of Works, Wiz.
ginia Mining District, Storey county. Nevada
Notice L. hereby given that At q meeting OF the
Board Of Trustees OF said Company, held on the
Two Dollars and Fifty Cents "a bo) per share
was levied upon the capital stock OF taid Com.
pany, payable Immediately, In United States
gold coin, to the Secretary, at the Office OF the
ompany, Room No. 20, No. 40 California street,
San Francisco, Cal. -E' 30
Any stock upon which said assessment shall
remain unpaid on the 10Th day OF December,
1872, shall be deemed delinquent, and will be
duly advertised for .alc at public auction, and
unless payment shall DO made before, will be
sold on SATURDAY, the 2Sth day Of December,
1872, to pay the delinquent assessment together
with costs OF advertising and expenses OF sale.
BY order OF the Board Of Trustees.
A. NOEL, Secretary.
~OfHco-Room No. 20 Hayward's Building, 40
California street, San Francisco, California.
-H ...".. # n0A q
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

DARWIN says that Shakespeare was of
the same opinion that he Is respecting
the desc mt o. man. Doesn't he make
Hamlet say: al could a tail unfold"
Now, who would have thought that Of
Billy?
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1872-11-20

SOME silly people in indianapolis
recently cut out the heart OF a presnm-
eily mad dog which had bitten a child,
boiled it, and gave the broth to the
child as a preventive against hydro
phobia.