davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

ANOTHER ToADY SHELvED.-Tht
administration succeeded In beating
Senator Patterson, in New Hampshire
for denomination. But they could mo-
carry Rollins as they did Hawley il
Connecticut. Rollins was Grants
man. lie is of the Morton. SO school
corrupt, unprincipled, cringing ant
servilc. lie is always at the foOtstoo
OF power, no matter who sits on The
throne and wears the purple. The
Boston Post says that "tlroughouI
the campaign, whose real fruit was tc
be his own election to the Senate, h,
spared no pains and withheld no levie,
OF money TO make sure of the prize h,
now reaches forth 10 sieze. Hc is III,
centre of political system that con
tains every element and agency Of 20
litical corruption known to modcrr
invention. For years he has wicldct
supreme power in the State by IT,,
help OF the very same arts which have
been so disgracefully and alarmingly
common at Washington. II is hc wht
has always marshalled forces that ar,
universally denounced as beyond th,
reach Of honorable political warfare.
Tho defeat OF such a man as Mr.. Rol
Inns is q triumph for good governmen
OF no light Importance at this crisis il
the condition Of national affairs.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
Pertinent Questions.

Col. John W. Forney, the editor ol
"my two papers, both daily" il o late
number Of the Press, asks his loyal
brethren the following: "lIow is Il
with those gentlemen protesting to be
Republicans who proclaim so loudly
that If Hartranft is defeated they will
not vote for Grant? They insist that
We The Press are secretly against
the National Republican ticket, and
yet are ever dinning in our ears that
IL our opposition TO certain of those
before the Republican masses, IS can.
didate-. fsr tiy;. s,,ssss.,;a .iie c4*a
monwcalih, is in any way successful,
they will punish us by refusing their
support TO Grant. If they believe
their so it.assertej untruth, that The
Press aims at the election Of Greeley,
why threaten us with the deicat OF
Grant and Wilson, They contradict
themselves at every poiut. How deep
lies their Rcpublicanism, that they
will vote against Grant because, for.
sooth, Republican journal, for well.
defined reasons, cannot advocate the
choice by tho people Of those it lelicv.
cs to bc unworthy the bonors they
seek. They claim that The Press
wars for personal reasons only and
yet they openly declare that Il their
candidate fail they will rcmain mac.
tive, if they do not become hostile, in
the great battle Of Novembet. Of
course, there are no personal reasons
for all this 2"
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

LET US HAVE PEAcE.--Thus spoke
Gen. Grant on the day Of his inaugur.
alton. Well, we are likely to be SC
blessed, so far as regards Britain, our
ancient and inveteratc foe; for we
might as well thank her for all the in.
suits she has thrown in our teeth, and
pay into her treasury the whole sum
of our Alabama claims at once, as Ia
back down in our demands as often as
Gladstone looks cross nc Sehenck, on
Earl Russell uttors a biting insult in
the House of Lords.
We will have peace with the noble
red man as long as Grant keeps his
soldiers in the South, and gives the
Indian full course on tho prairics.
But is this the kind of peace tho peo.
pie wantY The honor Of the country
treated as myth, by President who
dances TO the piping of tho English Gov.
ernment; and who hdrrics the homo.
sleads Of our own people, by soldiers
who ought TO DO defending the from.
tier - Piftsburg Post.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26


'INFERNAL" REVENUE RuLSas.---
Never were revenue laws enforced
with moro unjust discrimination than
ours are. Take an example. The
duties are remitted on foreign goods,
II destroyed by fire when in bond, or
lost at sea but nc 10 domestic NOR
ebandiso the ruling Of the internal
revenue department is tho reverse.
If tobacco, whisky, and any other
property of citizen of the United
States bo destroyed or damaged while
in charge Of tho internal revenue do.
partment, there is no relief or abate.
ment. The whoic tax must be paid
though nothing Is left on which to
pay II. 2 N'' u''N n'.'''' Fri' =
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
National Democratic Convention.

The National Democratic Committee, by vir-
tue Of the authority conferred upon them by the
last National Democratic Convention, voted, at
a meeting held this day in New York. to hold
the next convention for the purpose of nominat-
ing candidates for President and Vice. President
Of the United States, on the 9th day Of July, 1872,
at 70 o'clock, NJ, in the city Of baltimore.
Tho basis Of rePresen tation, as fixed by the
last Democratic Convention. Is double tho num-
ber of Senators and Representatives in Congress
in each State under the apportionmcnt Of the
census Of 1870
Each State will tend delegates accordingly.
and invite the cordial CO. operation Of all con-
servative citizens who desire the restoration Of
constitutional government and the perpetustion
sf repuS lican principles.
AUGUST BELMONT, Chsirman.
FRKpERIck o. PRIscE, Secretary.
Now York, May, s, 1871
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

Tho Philadelphia Press Of Saturday
says:
"a country contemporary is entire,
ly too fast. II is falsehood, mildly
speaking, TO say that the Press is ad.
vocating the election OF Charles r.
Buckalcw to the Goyernorship of this
State. II has not said anything in
his favor, and its only words upon
which this construction can be placed
IS an article upon bis speech accepting
the nomination at Reading. Hisspcech
was pronounced patriotic effort, and
one which carried us back to the early
days of the Republic, when honesty
and intelligence were the standards Of
fitness for Office. BY that declaration
the Press still stands" M
In alluding TO Gen. Hartranft, the
Radical nominee for Governor, tho
editor says: fT
"Thc Press has never said that he
is personally dishonest, but it has not
concealed the fact that his associates
and surroundings arc not of tho best
ci"Ss anu tyPe' III tnc report OF the
convention that nominated General
Hartranft for Governor it was shown
that his chief "backers," the men who
in the language peculiar 10 bar.rooms
and the nominating conventions, now
happily abolished, proclaimed them.
selves for "Hartranft first, last, and all
tho time," were not of the highest
character, although there was n sprink.
ling of rcspectability and integrity
among them. In Philadelphia Gcncr-
al IIarrraurt, as soon no ho boeamo a
candidate for the nomination, made
himself the friend of all the low poll.
ticians of tho city. Since he was sue
cessful at Harrisburg no has continued
his intimacy with them. A cores
pondent Of tho Press writes 10 us that
hc has been converted to the opposi.
tion TO the candidacy of the General
by 80 simple fact as having seen him,
10 use his own words ain familiar
in front of the State.
house, on the afternoon OF May 81, for
more than an hour,
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

BIBLE TTUTH.--The PhiladeIphis
Press OF tho goth truthfully remarks
"Hartranft and Allen cannot bt
elected, and there seems no probability
that other candidates will be substi
tuted for Governor and Auditor Gen
eral who could be elected by the usua
cheering majority. But Judge MGR
cur, the nominee for Supreme Judge
is an unexceptionable man, and should
poll the full party voio."
As the Press is loyal journal, We
hope Radicals will not denouncc Dem
ocrats when they utter the same fact
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

The Philadelphia Press gives III,
! following reasons for not supporting
the corruption ring nominees,
Some good, well-moaning friend .wbt
holds personal rule in Pennsylvania
In doep detostation, but who appar
emily thinks 1t is his duty to suppor,
and vote tho "regular ticket" under
all circumstances, writcs to rs inauir.
ing if tho opposition Of the Press 70
tho State ticket is based alono upon
it's personal resentments, and very
properly adds that II this DO tho case
we arc deserving OF no sympathy from
the people. Our answer Is, No. IL is
not. Senator Cameron is only q minor
feature In this fight. lie introduced
himself into It by slandcring the cdi.
tor of tho Press, in season and out; by
misreprescnting his course and misin.
terpreting his motives. If he COOS
out of II with shadow of his present
political power, It will bc because the
world comes to sudden ending before
next October, or that tho millennium
dawns before that datc.
The opposition Of this journal to
Gen. lIartranft's candidacy is based
upon the following reasons:
First His personal unftnes for the
Office. '' II
Second. The manner Of his nomina.
ton. ipE
Third. The fact that there ure ten
millions Of dollars in the sinking fund
created for tho redemption Of tLS Stnts
debt, but generally used for Individual
speculative purposes, and that the
Governor appoints Secretary Of the
Commonwealth, who, with the Audi.
tor General and State Treasurer, has
tho management Of this money.
Fourth. Because human affairs and
fates are uncertain, aud there may be
another Chicago FIRE.
Fifth. Because there werc better
men named for tho position, who were
oversloughed.
Sirh. Because the men who set nm |
General Hartranft know full well the
necessity of nominating this year a
with tho confidence Of the
entire people, and that their favoritc
was not such man, and yet nominat-
cd him because they thought that by
associating his namo with GRANTS
their personal ends with the cause of
Republicanism-thoy might elect him
and pcrpetuate their rule.
Seventh. Because there is not the
slightest chance OF elccting General
by fair means, and we are
resolved that it shall not be done by
Ioul ones.
Eighth. Because 10 associate Grant
md Wilson with Hartranit and Allen
5 to bring certain defeat upon the
ormcr, and therefore we believe the
alter should be retired.
There are many other reasons equal.
y effective in this cause. Among
hem are the class of men in this city
ipon whom Hartrnnft relies TO elect
lin, tho ospousal of his cause by Simon
cameron, the scandal concerning his
administration Of tho Auditor Gcner.
lis Office, the general corruption that
,ervadcs Pennsylvania politics, and
he necessity for applying immediate
emcdy.
We may enlarge upon these reasons,
md shall certainly proceed TO show
low Hartranft can never be elected,
md how Grant and Wilson will carry
he State in November in any event.
We shall continue to treat General
iartranit with the utmost kindness,
believing that he, as much as any man
n the State, regrets his present posi-.
ion, and that but for bad advice from
,ad men be would withdraw.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
Simon Cameron.

BUSINESS. --Ex. President johnson
the other day, received $4,000, the
amount Of income tax on bis salary
which has been refunded under re,
cent judicial decision in the case Of
President Grant, who had drawn bis
out Of the Treasury six months before
johnson, although tho latter had been
out of Office over three years. candy
is too slow for "Ulys' when cash is al
stake.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

TuE CALAIS" CASDIDArEs.--lt il
rather an amusing fact that the Radi.
cal candidates have both changed their
esmee, aad are now running under
aliases. Grant, who now signs his
name Ulysses s. Grant, was christened
Hiram; his colleague, now known as
Henry Wilson, was christened Jercmi.
all Goliath. Hiram seems to have
been Grants name about tho time he
followed mule riding; and when viii
son followed the shoemaking business
he was known as Goliath.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

FRIGHTrUL DISASTER. Of the
most horrid railroad accidents that
has happened in this country, occur-
red near Belleville, Canada, on last
Saturday night. 1t appears the en-.
gine jumped the track, together with
number of cars, which telescoped on
the locomotive, scalding and otherwise
killing from go to 10 persons.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

DRIPTINo.-Thc Erie Observer says
1--WE meet Republicans nearly every
day who voluntarily tell us that they
intend 10 vote for Mr.. Buckalew.
They cay il is more important to have
an honest man for Governor than TO
win mere party triumph. The Ring
ticket for State officers is away below
par in Erie county" 1t will he a
gala day for the State when the Radi.
cal hosts of bcnighted Eric turn in to
be "Union Savers"
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

MoRE SSoBBgRY.-A st. Louis tan
ncr, named Shryor, has written q let
tor to Gcn, Sherman, who is now ex.
sibaing Fred. Grant to crowned
heads in Europe, in order to secure
his services for a similar purpose on
his return to tho United States. 1t
sppeass that Shryor has son who
was kicked out Of school q short time
ago, and the father thinks If he could
employ the General of tho Army 10
exhibit his son befors Kings asd
Queons, he might yet sssseed in max
ing q man owt of bin. He further
states that ops tannesfS .Ann y no bet.
ter than anothsr - III sHsa 81
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

ExpLosIoN.--The stoam boiler in
tho yard of the Columbus, Ohio, Pen.
itentiary, exploded on Friday last,
killing a number of the convicts and
seriously injuring nearly one hundred,
besides doing great injury to the
buildings and surrounding property.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

For over three centuries cdict, have
been in force in Japan against ebisli
anity. These have been ABOLISHED by
q recent decree Of the Imperial Tonne
Of the country. Thus, is that mild
and pcaceatlo kingdom, spoken of by
Daniel, after the fall of tho Assyrian
Persian, Macedonian and Roman en-
pircs, gradually and surely winning
its way into the Pagan nations of thl
oartis. f'fl
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

DMvES orF.-Harry White, who
was nominated for three Offices by the
'"ring' State Convention, has been
driven off the track for Congressman
at largo. The corruption ticket is
hcavy enough with Hartranft and
Allen without the weight of the bonn.
bastic White.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
Misffllanfous.
Cheap Furniture.
JOHN GuLIcu

JOHN GULICH
htslRES 10 inform his old friend, an,
~ toners, that having enlarged hi, ,ba, w y,
increased his facilities for manuiaelp,i,. M ~
now prepared to make to order such Fg,rs',,..' -
may be desired, in good style and Al ,bs.r y.
for CASH. He generally has on hapd =, N
Furniture rooms, q varied assortment of 49,. y
made furniture, among which are ''''
BUREAUS AND SIDE-BOARDS
wardrobes and Book Gases; Centre, sofa. p,,,
Breakfast and Dining Extension Tables, n,s
mon. French post, Cottage, Jenny Lind and Sg..
Bedsteads; Sofas Of all kinds, WorI ..,,sI.
Hat-racks, Wash-stands; Rocking and 80
Chairs; springseat, cane bottom, parlo,. 49,.
mon and other chairsj Looking q lasse, of sv.,,
description on hand and new glas,., %, ~
frames, which will be put In on very rsa,on,ss
terms on shortest notice. He also keen, an h..
or furnishes to order, Corn -husk, Hair and al
ton-top Mattresses.
CoFFISs OF EVERY KIND
Made to order, and funerals ATTENDED I'D i.
Hearse whenever desired. Also, HOUSE p,iss,.
done to order. The subscriber also m,n,s,1
lures, and has constantly on hand. cl.r.,s
Patent Washing Machine, the best nov I, y.
Those using this machine never need B, Via
out clean clothes He also has FLYER, P,,,,
Churn, a superior article. A family usinr ,I,l
Churn never need be without butter
All the above and many other article, Ar, n,
nished to customers cheap for Casa or srehapr,l|
for approved country produce. Cherry, M1e,
Poplar, Linwood and other Lumber suitAS, nj
Cabinet work, taken in exchange for furniar
Ee- Remember the shop is on Market s1...
clesrheld, Pa, and nearly opposite the "oldJ Ju
Store" JOHN GULICH
November 26, 1862
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

STILL KIcKrSd--Coloncl Forney'i
paper says: notwithstanding all its
misfortuBcs and follics, Tho Democrat.
ic party has shown remarkable vital.
ity, and stih rotaias q strong hold
upon many thoughtful men, as well as
upon men wse arc not thoughtful"
Not quite dead, yet, il appears.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

Before Col. Jim Fisk died, ho move,
dreamed that . woman wovld aspire
TO spooaod him at the head Of the ninth
rcgiment. But sVch is tho case, and
Miss Tennesseo ClaAin is the won an
Certainly, tho political and military
lookout . promising. With Wood
hull ~ President and Ga0in as Col
onsl, the country will surely DO safe
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

A Hrr.-Thcodoro Tilton, in his
Golden Age, says: "Tho GRANTEES
dote on Gerritt Smith as though he
were a strawberry short cake Wilton
cd wi6h q whole shower Of powdered
sugar. None of them cares to remem.
Der that he signed ye6 Davis bail.
bond. Ono. II isSAy Mr.. Grecley's
signature that was wickod y lA'on
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

He Knows. exchanges says =
Lancaster county has Sunday school
superintendent who has been absent
from bis post but once In nine years,
He is also one of the Radical leaders
Of that county, but he ayers in Sunday
school and out of IL that he cannot
support Hartranft and Allen, whom
he believes belong to the State robbel
ring.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

THE CIRcUs.-Thc Grant children
are still exhibiting in Europe TO roy.
al houses and snobs generally. 1t is
reported that Miss Ncllie is engaged
no a Scotch Lord and that Fred is
looking after Kingdom as an Offset
to Long Branch. .lI.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF

whole number Of schools, 1Pj No. Of malt
teachers cpipleyed. ~ No, Of female teacbsrs, 8
average salary of isaehars per month, Hl,so
whole number pf scholars attending school t22
average attendance, as2j average percentage Q
attcndAres, SO. .-l
Arrkts. I.er MATTHEW READ, u
u. o. BLoor, Secretary. President.
Lawrence township, June 10, 1879.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

ANOTHER One OrP.--Ulysses, the
Presidents second son, sailed from
New York on Saturday last for Eu-
rope. The baby is to go, too, as soon
MS wcaned This will make the Grant
Troupe full. Maj. Gen. Sherman an6
FIX Senator Boric are the wet nurses
to tho troupe, and will act in the ca.
pacity of agent and ring master while
Lhe family exhibitions last. ha
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

OUT.-Gen. d. B. McCrecry, of
Erie, is announced as Radical candi.
date for Congress in this Nineteenth
district. Scofcld will soon get him a
place, too. a..f aH
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26


Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes,
Furnishing Goods. &c.,
OF which he IL constantly receiving large assort-
ment " the very latest and best styles, which he
will dispose Of at astonishingly low prices.
LADIES, I have on hand a large aud we'll
selected stock Of those celebrated hand sewcd
MOROCCO and LASTING CATERS, which
can safely recommend to be the host In the mar
kct Call and examine them. hthsH..
GENTS FURNISHING Goops.
GENTLEMEN, my stock Of Furnishing Goods
Is complete. have all the novelties In scarfs,
Ties, cravats, Handkerchief, Underwear, sus-
pcnders, Collars, Gloves, Hosiery, &c., together
with complete assortment Of White and Cloth
Shirts. have on hand large aud we'll selected
stock Of Hats aud Caps of the very latest styles.
Also, Trunks, Valiscs, Railroad Bags, Umbrellas,
Canes, and many other articles, both useful and
ornamental, which will be sold at fair rates.
Ec-The citizens Ct Ciearheld and vicinity are
respectfully invited to call and examine my goods
before purchasing elsewhere.
LEVER ILLEGAL.
Clcar6sid, Pa, May %, 1872.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
4 DMINIsrRAroR.s NOTICE

N Dmi NisIhAio NOTICE.-Notice
IA Is hereby given that letters of administration
on the estate Of WILLIAM LUMADUE, late Of
Boggs township, clearheld county, Pa, deceased,
having been duly granted to the undersigned, all
persons indebted to said estate will please make
immediate payment, and those having claims or
demands will present them properly authenticated
for settlement without delay.
A. @. TATE,
jel9-6t Admipistrator.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
Trustees Sale Of Real Estate
LATE THE PROPERTY OF JOHN DuRouN-
DER, DECEASED.


DY virtue Of an order Of the Orphans Court Of
ID Cleardeld county, the undersigned will sell
at Public Sale, at the Court House In ClearGeld
on SATURDAY, JUNE 10Th, 1872, at 2 O'Clock
=. M. the following described real estate:
All that certain farm situate In Burnside town.
ship, bounded on the north by lands Of j. stepben
sou, on the east by lands allotted 10 the widow OF
said John Durgunder aud by lands Of J. Stephen
son, on the south by J. Stephenson, and on the
west by lands Of J. Snyder and Others, containing
ONE HUNDRED a TWENTY Two ACRES
and o7 perches; having about 90 acres cleared,
with frame house, barn, orchard and other i'm
proyementg.
This land is Of good quality, situated in a good
neighborhood, and well adapted to farming or
grazing purposes, and has quantity Of valuable
timber thereon.
IERMs.-fifteen per cent. Of purchase money
TO be paid when the property is sold one-third
Of the purchase money TO remain In the land dur.
ing the lifetime Of the widow Of said John Bur.
gunder-the interest to be paid to her annually
one.third ofthe balance In one year, and the one.
third In two year,, with interest," TO be secured by
bond and mortgage on the premises
JOHN NJ. ADAMS,
June iz-ot Trustee.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
A DMINIsrRATOR,s NoTICE.No,i

A DMiNlsTRATOR'S NOTICE.-Notice
"A is hereby given that letters of administration
on the estate Of JANE SMITH, deceased, late
Of Woodward township, Clearfeld County, Pa,
having been duly granted to the undersigned,
an persons indebtedto said estate viii please make
payment, and those having claims or demands
viii present them properly authenticated for set
tlcment. JOSEPH J. DEwALT,
june ~, Is72-6t. Administrator.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

DMINJsTR ArOp,. NorIcp NJ

"A DMiNisTHATOR's NOTlCE.-Notice
IA is hereby given that letters Of administration
on the estate Of JoAB RIDER, deceased, late
Of corington township, Clcarheld county, Pa,
having been duly granted to the undersigned, all
persons indebted to said estate viii please make
payment, and those having claims or demands
will present them properly authenticated for
settlement without delay.
wM X. wRIcLEY,
June l2.-6t Administrator, DBL N.CTA.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26

THE RIanT PLAcE.-M Miss Tennic G.
Clanin has been elected Colonel Of the
Eighty fifth Regiment, New York
State Militia (colorcd), receiving 1913
votes TO 80 in opposition. She bad
offered herself to the Ninth but the
members being white mcn she was
defeated. We hopc Tcnnic's ambi.
iion will be satisfied whom at tho head
of her negro regiment. M l. .hl.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1872-06-26
| DMINIsTRATnR,s NoTICE.--N.t,

DMINisTRATOR's NOTICE.--Nvtiee
IA ishereby given that letters of ministrstion
on the estate Of RoBrRr II. RAIsEr, deed, late
Of Burnside township, Clesrdeld county, Pa,
having been duly granted to the undersigned
all persons indebted to said estate will please
rake immediate payment, and those having
claims or demands will present them properly
authenticated for settlement without delay.
Il. HILTEDRAND, !.
June IL, 1sf26tt Administrator.