The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1872-10-18
SCIENTIFIC NOTES.
OZONE PRODUCED By EvAPoRArIoN.

Of Besanez.
TELEGRAPHING IN CHINA.
The POLLEN of telegraphing in
the Chinese language, to write
which requires some $4,000 differ
ent characters, has been solved in
this way: A few thousands of the
characters most used are cut upon
wooden blocks. On the opposite
| side Of each block is it's number
Duplicates of such numbered blocks
are at each telegraph station. The
China merchant selects the blocks
which express the thoughts to be
transmitted. The operator tele-
graphs only the numerals designat-
ing these blocks, which enable the
receiving operator to select similar
block at his end of the line.
FIRE PROOF STONE.
An account is given in the En-
glish papers of new artificial in
fusible stone, or quartz brick, lately
invented and introduced. Its appli-
cations have been more especially
in the construction of steel furnaces,
etc, but it would also seem particu-
larly adapted, in consequence of its
extreme infusibility to the prepara-
ton of absolutely fre-pro0f safes
and vaults. 1t is prepared from 81
peculiar kind of stone, occurring
partly as a rock and partly as a
sand. The rock is of a light gray
color, with transparent edges, hav-
ing the fracture of crystalized quartz,
and is prepared by crushing be-
tween cast iron rollers to a coarse
powder-with the exception of GER
tain portions which are too hard to
be thus treated-and then adding
one part of lime and a suitable
quantity of water, and introducing
the mass iRtO iron mOulds, where it
is pressed, by means of a stamp, up
on an iron bed. After the stones
have been dried by artificial heat,
while still upon the iron bed, they
are baked for seven days at an in
tense heat in a cupola furnace, and
allowed to cool for the same length
of time. The stone shows in its
fracture coarse, irregular, grayish-
white fragments of quartz, incIOsed
by light brownish-yellow finer
mass, and sweIls in the fire instead
of contracting. Metallic oxides and
strongly basic slags attack this
quartz rock very rapidly, and, like
quartz, it will not permanently en-
dure rapid changes of temperature.
DEEP SEA BEDS.
In a communication to the Lon
don Geographical society, the au-
thor, Capt. Osborne, states that the
bottom of the North Atlantic is Oc-
copied by two valleys, the eastern
extending from ten TO thirty de-
grees west longitude, and traceable
as far as the equator, with an ex-
treme depth of less than thirteen
thousand feet The western valley,
he says, reaches from the thirtieth
to the fiftieth degree of west longi-
tude, and the two are separated by
a ridge in thirty degrees west Iongi-
tude, along which the average depth
is only sixteen hundred fathoms,
and which can be traced northward
to Iceland and southwark to the
Azores, so that it is volcanic in
character at both eXtremities. Its
extreme breadth is found to be
somewhat less than five hundred
miles, and the depth of water is
found to increase on both sides of it
according to the distance from the
axis.
From Capt. Osborn's researches
in regard to deep sea beds general
", he is inclined to believe that
there are no rough ridges, abrupt
nor bare rock, and that the
sea bottom at great depths is not af-
fected by current or streams, even
by those of the magnitude of the
Gulf Stream, and that it rather re-
5embles the American prairies in
general appearance, and is every
where covered by kind Of mud.
THE PIN MACHINE
This machine is one of the closest
that mechanics have
made to the dexterity of the human
hand. 1t is about the height and
size of lady's sewing machine, on
ly much stronger. On the side at
the back a light belt descends from
a long shaft in the ceiling that
drives all the machines, ranged in
rows on the floor. On the left side
Of the machine hangs on a peg a
reel Of wire that has been straigbt-
ened by running through com
pound system of small rollers. The
wire descends, and the end of it en-
ters the machine. This is the food
consumed by this voracious little
dwarf. He pulls it in and bites it
off by inches, incessantly-I4Q bites
to the minute. Just as he seizes
each bite, little hammer, with a
;oncave face, hits the end of the
wire three times, "upsets" it to
head, while he gripes it to counter
sunk hole between his teeth. With
an outward thrusts Of the tongue he
hen lays the pin sideways in a lit
lie grove across the rim of a small
wheel that slowly rcvolves. By the
pressure. of a stationary
loop, these pins roll in their places
As they are carried under two series
IF small files, three in each. These
iles grow finer toward the end Of
he series. They lie at a slight in
;lination on the pins, and a series of
cams, levers and springs are made
10 play lightning. Thus the pins