davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1872-01-31
Barnard, sumner a. Co.

Barnard, Sumner AZ Co.
MAKE THEIR
ANNUAL MARK DOWN SALE THIS MO tYH
and offer Great Bargains in oil
Winter Goods,
well Linens and Housekeeping Goods and Blankets.
Housekeepers should buy years stock of TABLE
DAMASKs AND NAPKINS, as they are now VERY
CHEAPl diff lalO
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1872-01-31
CundurangO

limited supply of Bark and Extract for sale by
FAIRBANKS q PIPER,
DRuGGIsTs. 10 Front ST. and 20 Pearl ST..
la29 def
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1872-01-31

The Bank is open daily for the receipts of Deposits.
Deposits put upon interest on the Fifteenth day of
each month";
semi-annuai Dividends in January and July.
HARRISON BLISS, President
H. WOODWARD, Treas'r. dawtr 1seE
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1872-01-31

chartered. February 8, 1928
deposits put on interest the first day each month
Dividends made every January and july
Deposits May l. 1871 .....,.. 81, 585,s45 90.
H.. -,
Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1872-01-31

Hon. ALEXANDER H. BULLOCK. President.
d&wtf c. A. HAMILTON, Treasurer
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
roo MUCH STUDY REQUIRED

The New York Tribune says: Gan
irate Philsda phisn father does not APP
prove Of the present system Of School
teaching. He declares that It is far be-
low that in vogue thirty years ago, and
that il Is making candidates for the in
aps asylum, and pilipg up a heap Of
misery 10 many forms. He desires that
there should be reasonable fogging in
SCHOOLS, beginning with the teachers. One
thing which especially rousss his wrath
il the way in which tired parents ars
forced to teach their sleepy children,
during the evening, the lessons which
they 50 to school the next DIV merely
= recite. He demures, and with reason
- the mental drudgsry for which he
literally pays others who arc purpossly
lifted for it. It 10 not alone from Phila>
delphia this circumstances comes. In
oil our cities, parents arc complaining
bitterly Of the studying 1t home which
their children are forced on pain Of fall
below their classes. No father wants to
teach school during oil his leisure hours,
and no child should b compelled to
spend % much Of the day in brain work.
Fewer studies and strict discipline in the
schools wonid make suffcisnt time for
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
n ARRIED.

--On Monday msrning last. Dec. 93d, at
the Brides fathers, G. B. Perry, Esq., OF
this city, By the Rev B Wakefield. NJ Wal
ter 8 Mitchell, Of Chicago, ILL.,, and Miss Ida
B Perry. - g 4e
~AcsomPanyisg this notice We received
. choice variety Of most exc. lient cake. for
which We mot only return our thanks. bue
hope that happiness and prospsrity may be
theirs throughout - long = life - Aathusa.
leh and his wife enjoyed.
In this. city, Dec .. BY Rev A L wilkin-
son, Mr. Edward o Durham to Miss Olive
u Boyd. lae l.aia i
Also, at the samekiue, by the sa1e, Mr.
James W smith to Miss Afabella Norris.
lin Chicago, at the residence Of the
brides parents, ON Monday evening,
Dec. 23d, by Rev. DR.. Walker, Of CAL
vary Episcopal Church, Miss Louisa G..
Prescott to Mr.. James r. Lewis, Of De-
trois, Michigan.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

THE sales Of real estate in Chica-
go for one year from October 3,
1871, number 7140-amount, 342,
O07, 1856. The number of perma-
nent buildings built IN the South
Division-burnt district with the
total cost, number 637, cost $49,-
623, O0O. Not q frame building is
included in this number, and it is
said there is great lack of cheap
teniments for the poorer classes.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
For the Palladium.
! RICHMOND SCHOOLS, sc.
EDITOR OF PALLADIUM:

7 BIO '4f 3sy.sT III |
In an article in your issue of Dec. !
Il, 1872, under the head Of "Law |
Tinkers," there appears some re-
fections upon the acting members
of the School Board Of this city, that
may deserve some notice, lest
silence, on their part, may be mis-
construed. a RS
The article reads very much as if
it were written by party, who,
short time since, logged the citi-
zens to sign a petition to the School
Board to do what they construe, the
School Law does not authorize.
And for their failure to install this
fossilized old imbecile into teach
ership, or superintendency, and to
pay him out of the School Fund,
contrary to law, we are thus mis-
represented and vilifed. It also
savors of a little Inspiration from a
very small man, with q very small
amount of ability in the manage
ment of schools, but of very large
desires to handle the School Funds,
etc., and cannot, you know" Thus
You see the animus of both.
We are called by that terrible
| title, "two dictators," and are
charged with spending annually
$50, 900 for school purposes, some
according to law, and some accord
ing to our own dictum; also, with
having purchased piano at cost
of five or six hundred dollars, and
employing a music teacher at the
rate of $3.50 annually, and he says:
"How is it here in this city, where
one party gives five or six hundred
majority for the Republicans, yet
we have only two Democrats to
manage the whole School Fund, and
who have virtually denied access to
the books to the only Republican
on the School Board
/ Now in answer to the falsehood,
chat we are spending $50, 600 annu-
ally, would just say, that by making
this charge he betrayed his utter
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

Few persons conceive the vast
magnitude of the investment of
capital in railways in the United
States, although there are few, if
any, other interests in the country
rivaling this one in importance. A
recognized authority estimates the
total capital in this line at $3,0O0,-
O0O, 900, which exceeds that in the
British railroads costly as they are
known to be, the latter having, in
1871 reached an aggregate Of ESQ,
OOO, 600. We have an aggregate of
81, 200 miles of completed railroads
in the United States, which exceeds
the mileage of Europe. Our rail-
roads returned an average net
profit in 1872 Of five per cent
whereas the English roads returned
Q profit of 4.49 per CENT It is
worthy of note that the States in
which railways pay best are as fol
lows, taking the net profits % the
paaoe.AMassadhusetts GAL per
cent, Pennsylvania 8.3, Connect
cut TIC, New York rs, and Ohio
40. Hereit appears that this enor
NOUS outlay ON Western railroads
to accommodate agriculture chiefly,
has not yet been remumeratise.
Nothing could more strikingly illus.
trade TIE fAct that agricultural St.
Piles alone connot Sustain railroads,
and that it il IN industrial districts
where they pay best Doubtless
the rapid increase Of mining, quar-.
rying md manufacturing now going
on IN the West will remedy this.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28


-PNz1cT Weax-NaGtis delinea-
tn q 6uner's attempt = @com-
plsts restoration, "by striking from
Ths q. s. Flags and Army Register
N record Of Battles fought with
isllow-ciiisan" which H. ssHar-
pers Weekly" ~ Dec. %, i inimita-
bic. At Summers hide, grasping his
coat-tail, i. the figure Of = boy, want
ing him to take the copy Of bill
he holds towards the Senator, for
him TO present, asking to ..restore
my father who died in the war for
the Union and against Slavery
A wife presents him another copy Of
. sbin to restore my husband, who
died IN the war for the Union" A
manned solder, standing in front Of
the Sentor On cruteheA presents q
'Fbill, " with Tie only hand lefk ask
ing TO restore my shattered limbs,
lost II the war for the Union, and
against slavery" Under Summers
arm il the History Of Rome, and to
his right is . basket containing the
record Of the rebellion. Battle Flag,
and Army Register. It's q life-hke
picture and . knock down argument
aQaint that kind of reconciliation. "
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
dep. I

- III
A bill has bsen tr6iuced in e
House OF Reprei 5nl lives, Viii
object 10 to pesvd i thsIcirctlati6 =
Of counterfsik altered ana . spuri-
Gus United States and national
bank notes. The bill Is q useful
one. and provides that any officer
Of ? national bank vho may re
ceve. Or 70 whom may be offered
10 business, ssycounterfei United
Statsa or national bank note 70
asthcrized and required to write
or stamp plainly upon the face Of
such note, the word counterfeit
in case ofaltered or spurious notes
those words shall, in like Manner.
be stamped upon the notes. $
A new attempt 10 to be made to
secure the adoption by the great
p6wers Of . COMMON unit and
standard Of an international gold
ctihAge. Z If1absolute unihoatioh
canpos be obtained. the intorna-
tlonal valne Of The ceins Of the ma
lions that may become parties to
8 Mohetary canvention can be de-
tsrmiped BY the quality Of pure
gold which each contains, 10 be
expressed in . common standard
Of weight on their faces.
.SExArR-A motion by Mr.. Rice,
to take up his resolution for an In
vestigatiou Of the alleged irregular
tiles In the Alabama election, was
objected 10. The House bill extern
ding The time for the completion Of
the Wjnona and st. Peter Railroad
Wa paase<1s also the hin appropria-
ting S18, 790 for the Texan Frontier
Commission. The Indian Appro-
priation Bill was taken up and laid
on the table. After debate, the def
cheney appropriation bill was taken
up and finally passed It now goes
to the House yor concurrence in the
amendments. Adjourned to Jan. 6.
HoUM-Bills were introduced to
extend the time Tor entries in Usage
lands IN Kansas to secure more
efficient indian administration in
the Territories, and to amend the
Constitution by the election Of Pre-
sident, Vice President and Senators
by . direct vote Of the people. A
call showed less than quorum
present, and the House adjourned
to january 9Th.
In . letter to Gov Baker, from
Washington, under date Of the 10Th,
Mr.. Isaac n. Morris gives . graph
ic account Of the passage BY the
House Of Representatives OF the
two per cent BILL. which guarantees
to.Ohlo, Indiana and Illinois their
unpaid percentage from the sale
Of public lsnds within their iimits.
MI Morris pays Q handsome COM
plinent to the members from this
State for their effort in behalf OF
the bill, and lparticalarly to Judge
Wilson and Mr.. Kelr,whos . speech
60 In it, favor seem to have had
great weight in determining the &C
tion OF the House. which passed
the bill by . vote Of 104 to Sc. Mr.
Mosris 10 saneuine In the belief
that Il win receive equally favor
able consideration In the Senate. =
Ind Journal Dec. "a.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

Tn Secretary Of the Treasury
has decided that cars carrying nm
appraised Customrhouse goods from
New-York ahall be locked with the
Xxx American Seal Lock-" with
Rlass seals, and that . photograph
Of the seals must be sent with the
manifest goods in the cars.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
The Best and Purest Goods.
&75 to 1850 per month y. *

75 to ESQ per month "S:ss
male ard female, t. Introduce The 0enaine
q Machine This mAshine sWi1l esGileh, hem,
q fell, tuck quilt, esrd, hisd, braid ard en-
e broider IN most superior manner Price
= only 915. Fully licensed and warranted
e foff6ys yeays. We viii pas u see sbe
sAAy mach % that will sew 4 stsoAeeee
e more Beautiful, or more elastic aeam than
6ays. II unahsa ths sElastic lock SttcA.S
- Every second stitsh can b cat. ard mn
e tearing il. We pay agents iron CTS 70
E ESQ per mosth aud expenses, or q eom-
Q mission from which twice that amoant
q can be made. Address SECOND co.
B0aton, Mass ,P4tsburgh, RA /, Chieagep
Ill ]. or St Louis, No. "A 4
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

There is just at the present writ
ing, an exciting race going on in
the brag-line between our neighbors
Of the Telegram" and Times.
they are now neck and neck, and
It would be rmwise TO bet on either.
The Times gives the Telegram due
notice, to .1look out for its laurels,
If it intends to wear them" We
pleasantly remind both our respect
ed contemporaries Of the old saying,
tht-.Brag is q good dog; but
Hoadfast is better" taEaa ~ q
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
OUR FOREIGN COMMERCE.

The gold value OF the foreign imports
into the United States during the fiscal
year ending with juno, 1872, reached
sea-, 367, 640-an increase Of $50 R63,-
$50 while the exports to foreign coun-
tries were 4528, 984, 720-s decrease Of
Sl7 ,660; asa, ths 1Alline OF being due to
the dessUass in the o1tgo Of Cot1oa and
specie. The diminution n Cotton en-
Ablsd EssopA 10 consume most Of that
accumulated from the liberal crop of
1870. This year, with more than an
svsrage crop, " shall increase the
amount Of our exports Of Cotton. Last
year w exported but little moro specie
than Ne received from abroad through
imports and smigrants. We paid our
balances with bonds, and retained ct
least fve-sixths Of the gold and silver
drawn from our mines. Consequently we
are strosger both Ia Cotton and specie
for our expectation this year, and - We
are fast increasing our shipmsnts Of
Baead Stuff and Provisions to Europe,
and sssuming the Shipments OF our
manufactures, W may reasonably ex-
psct to carry our exports this year
abeve six hundred millions Of dollars,
and our imports shove seven hundred
millions, and - 0ovsrnment proposes to
raise but one hundred and Gxty millions
from duties on imports No should rs-
quire duty Of twenty-sgo per cent,
only on such % importation.
The Chief Of the Bureau Of Statistics,
allowing for the difference in the ware.
house sccount, figures out On apparent
balance against the country Of . little
less than Rfty-iour millions Of dollars on
last years foreign trade. Such differ
ence between our imports and exports
need not seriously disturb country q
young asa thrifty - our own, country
which draws annually in specie thirs
millions nom emigFants and seventy y
eighty millions moro from IT, mines, an
converts most Of ito iron imported into
railways and spindles. We must expect
also that some capital from the Old
World viii annually seek high rate,
Of interest and permanent investmentl
on this. side Of the Atlantic. Notwith
standing our heavy imports, We an
making gratifying progress IN home
manufactures that must in the coming
years not only lessen our dependence
on foreign countries, bat place u in
position TO successfully compete viii
them in the markets OF the word, from
which We have been for many year
dcbarred.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

The Boston Advertiser, in consid-
ering the question of the adjust
ment Of insurance upon losses by
fire, throws ont some pertinent and
sensible suggestions Merchants
and others who have lost nearly all
but their insurance, it remarks, nat
urany feel little inclined to be treat
Cd . If they had committed some
thing little short Of crime in hav-
ing their stores OF stocks of goods
destroyed, and their business inter-
rupted If not ruined; and in asking
for their insurance money upon a
fair and honest statement of their
losses, they feel that they are only
asking for what they have q right
to expect, and look for honorable
and generous treatment. The buGi-
nesz of insurance is not of SO recent
q date, but that some satisfactory
rules In the matter Of adjustment
should have been perfected by this
time. II, for instance, q merchant
loses stock worth fifty thousand dol
lars and is insured for fifty thous-
and, there ought to be no qnes-
ton rs to whether the insur-
ance is to be paid upon the val
ne or the cost of the stock. If some
compepies recognize the value as the
baGs mothers the cost, lett be SO
understood in the first place, and
twill all be fair. Let the announce
ment be made, or have it specified
in the policy, that losses are to be
claimed only on the cost Of goods
destroyed or, otherwise, that may
be claimed on the market value Of
goods lost, and insurers and insur-
ed will have no cause or trouble.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
SUBSCRIBE FOR your STATE PARE
THE WEEKLY STATE JOURNAL
0 ToR 1aza. t1

FOB 18z0.
The propristors of the Indiana State Jour
nal are determined 70 spare no pains nef sx-
pense 70 make the JOusnsl the Beet ~ we'll
a. tie Cheapest Republican newspADsr in In
diana or tho West, and for the purpese Of
securing such aslseaht3eD - the import.
sess ord vslsa IT " pager dsaan1, NY
o1ls ths Following ibssaI list Of peo0.ns y
Agents for obtaining Subscribers:
For Club Of Eve, at 81 Is each d
We will give No aolid Geld Pen,
withoat holaer, worth. ........$ : so
Or SET Of double silver plated Tea
Spoons, wefth. 81
For Clab Of Twenty fvs At 81 - each,
A silver-patsd Dinner Castor, worth s 50
Ora dozen de1be plaasd Desert Forks
For Club Of Fifty, Il 81 50 each,
A fine silver huntipg-eass Watch jew = Z
sled. lever movement, xossi.... IS u
Or an elegant Russian bound Family so.
/. Bible. or other books OF same value. -
For Club Of Ssvsnty-1ve, 1t 81 IS
each,
A fine silver hunting ease Wateh, full
plate. lever movement, full jswsled,
warrsnsed, worth -. ............ IS 0.
WILSON sndsr~fsd Sewing Machine.
worth: ...:.......... IS Q,
ccmplets with Tray and 0oble.... Is y
I For CIub Of One Hsndred, 1t 81 rs y
each, ssa sG
A Singer ~ Howe Sewing Maehine,
Or 1 = splendid .ii;;i hnntin. cas-. - y
Watch, full paats, gold hinge, war
ranteo, Wosth ................... ~ o.
For Club Of Two Hundred, At 81 as
each,
Hsfasa
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL co.
Indianapolis, I.aiasa.

GAIL and examine the Young
Lady's Magazine for the Holidays,
n the p. %. News Stsnd.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

Holiday Goods, in abundance ct
Nicholscn' g Odd Fellows Building.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

~ Z
fis unequaled By any known rsmscy.N will
|eradieats, extripAts and thoroughly dsstr,y
all poisonous substances in the Blood and
will efectually dispel al psedisposition to
bilious dsrangenent. .rss $500
L: there went Of action in your Li!;s:
er 4 Spleen! Uuless revived at once, thJ
blood becomes imPuye by delstesious secssr
lions, producing 1crofulous Or skin diseases,
Blotchss, Felons, PustuIes, Cankef, Pimp!es,
&c., Dc.
Have you . Dyspeptic saonsaeAr. Il
Unlsse digsetao1 - proopay aided thesysteWs
10 dshilitataA UitA loss OF Yital force, poverty
Of VI Blood, Droisieaf TendeueY, Genessr
WeakneO - 1noDseude. 81
Have y0a weol1sess Of the Iatee.
tines You are in danger Of Chronic Diar-
rhoea or The dreadful InAamatien Of the Bow
els. ~
Have you weakess of the C,cripe
or Urinary OEeanse You must procure !
| instant relief or you are liable TO suffering
worse ts,sn death. 81
Ars yoa detected, drowsy, dali, slsekaN I
or depressed in spirits, with head ACRE, bach,
| aches coated toDgae and bad tasting month";
| For ,csrtais remedy for all Of these dia.
eases, weakuesses and troubles; for cle9rSl
| ing ard pnRifyisg the vitiStcd blond and ins
parting vigor TO all the vital foroes; EoT
building up and restoring the weakened c0p-
stitution USE a
| j URU BEB A.
which = pronounced by the teAdise nedieal
authorities of London and PARIS the Jnost
powerful tonic and Alternative known u tho
medicalwsrl3. This ID 70 new ard untrieA.
discovery but has bsen long used BY the Iesd1
ing physicians Of other countries " ih won
defful ramedial results. ~ s5ss r.
/ DON'T weaken and impair the digestive Or
fgans by catharties and phi ysics. they Eive
fonly temporary relief-Indigesticn, fatulency
II and dyspepsia with piles and kindred dis
eases arc snrs to follow their use.
Keep tina blood pure ard health is assured.
1 JOHN q. KELLOGG, Is Plat st., n. Y.
| ft6 Sole Agent fov the United States
Pries 81 per Bottle. Send for Circular. A24'
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

CASH COMMISSIONS TO AGENTS
Whe prefer cash ceunissipn in lien of
The foregoing premisms. On application
Commission Races will b. fur ished.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
TERMS.

TERMS.
THE INDIANAPOLIS DAILY JOURNAL.
By Mail payable in advance) per annnm $l2
." :" for six months 6
:. for three nonths 3
+" for one month l
By The week (payahls to the agent OF
oarrierl. ........... -. Is
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28

Senator Sumner is understood to
BE- preparing q speech in support Of
his revolution proposing to erase
TIE naznes of the battles Of the civil
war nom the army register and
regimental flags, 80 - to obIterate
the msmories Of the past completely
between the North and South. He
says that all history shows that no
country has anything to gain by
fermenting recollections Of it's civil
strifes or the memories Of . conflict
between its own citisena.
Following out this new Sumner
ian reconciliation, Mr.. Sheldon, in
the Senate of Massachusetts, for
isix that somebody might feel UNI
pleasantly about 'sthe memories of
The pest" offered the following or
der: s
<4OHpERxD, That a joint special
committee on the part ofthe Senate
and two on the part of the House
be appointed, with instructions to
report forthwitha plan under which
Faneuil Hall shall be removed to
make way for an extension of the
Highland Street Railway; Copp's
Hill, Kings Chapel and the old
Gfanary Cemeteries be put in mark
ct for Building lots; Bunker Hill
Monument to be leased for shot
tower; the portraits Of the old Gov
ernor's now hanging IN the halls of
the Senate Chamber be sent to the
auction room; the trophies from
Lexington, Bennington and Con-
cord be sent to the old junk dealers,
and the places now occupied by these
old relics be devoted to the placard-
ING the wares Of Boston merchants. .
1t il but just to the dignity Of
that august body to say that it re-
fused permission for the order tobe
introduced
Let Mr.. Sumner fy the banner Of
peace, while driving the black hor-
SEES and chariot of rebellion over the
monuments of our honored dead, il
he will The more he runs the
black cavalcade under such spe
cious pretext, the dearer win be oul
flag, our battle6elds and fallen he
roca, and more fresh in the memory
of every true and patriotic heart
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
GOOD AGENTS WANTED!

Intelligent men and women wanted every
where T0,eet good tofritory, exclusively
osD send s.'y for ssssi so .na
Chicago. ILL.,, San Francisco, Cal. ~
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
| GREAT cOnblilIIOnF
FRENCH 0LEOGRAPH

called s'Pet,s Paradise, (Oleographs
are the choicest class Of French Art-pri hitting
in oiIs-ths peFfectim Of Oil Chromos.) We
also give The superb SO pair of Genuiie
Fast a Aleep, subjects Life Size. -charui5hg
fac riniles Of original Oil Paintings. This
paper has the largest circulation in the worll.
Il will next year b made better than ever.
Serial talss By world famous authors, l.. n.
Alcott, Edward Eagleston, Harriet Bescher
Stowe, &c. New and brilliant contributors.
Illustr tied Holiday Number and back ncs, II
"Combinatiopy' The largest con missions
paidl One Agent made $500 10 three moths;
another 9537 in IS days; another &94.4S in
ono week; ono $37 80 IN one day, and many
others from IS and SO to $40 per day. Thia
year our oddss are even more profitable.
No waiting for the premiums. Tho snb-
scribef gets them when he paYs his su5safit !.
fiOn.
The Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1855-1875, 1872-12-28
LIST OF LETTERS

Remaining in the Post Office At Rich mond
Ind. Dec. 18th 1877.