The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1872-03-24

tho size Of his chest In proportion ss he Is called
upon to increase has speed; The chest must to q
certain extent be nattened on the sides In order
that 1t may be capable OF being
CHANGED FROM THE ELLIPTICAL
In 10 the circular form. The direction OF the ribs
as they spring rom the back bone. must be particu
larry attended IT. place OF being arched above,
tine 1pper part q the cavity DC
narrowed This Is great defect, inasmuch as the
form Of the RIBS near the baokbons wil MOI permit
chest 49,, from the siiPrcsi to IN, the ciISn;
come out for considerable distance from the back
bone so as 10 present broad and somewhat nat
best observed by looking over the back from DC
hind, Inc part unon which the saddle rests ought
comfortable position Where tho ribs commence
their descent on the side they should either pre-
serve toleraDiy rounded shape or become moder-
aely nattened. according to the use Tor which the
horse Is intended. The circle however. must be
resumed as they approach the breastbone below.
Tor the purpose OF giving breadth to the noor OF the
cnest. the power or motion possessed by the walls
OF the chest Is greatest on the sde much less at the
breastbone and very limited at the region OF the
spine. The breadth OF the chest may be estimated
Dy the width OF the breast or counter, and by tne
1t ought TO be broad enough to give substance to the
shoulders and capacity TO the chest without adding
the legs TOO far from each other. In all cases the
prominent muscles.
which forms the floor of the chest, requires to be
long. 1t ought to drop both between aud behind
horse than q long and well et-down sternum. as 1t
ADDS to the cavity OF the chest, both behind and
below, at the same time that it throws the Rirths OF
the saddle far back into comfortable position.
me best way to ascertain the condition OF the
ana run him quickly down mot up a hin. The
pressure OF The liver stomach ana bowels, through
me diaphragm on the lungs VIII very soon tell oy
their normal or abnormal condition. The ordinary
method OF running him up the mill may be good
test Tor roaring or whstng but 1t Is not so certain
criterion Tor cough as the plan suggested.
TIE SHOULDER
contains two important bones Embedded In mass
OF strong muscles One OF these Is called the
scapula, or snouloerbade; the other Is called the
point OF the shoulder below to tile edge OF the with
ers above. Its outline Is well marked and easily
traced when the horse Is thrown INTO action. Its
length bears an intimate relation to tie length OF
the animals stride, and consequently 1t can hardly
be 100 long. The position OF Its upper extremity
close as possible to the ribs and spine. II 1t Is so
wide set as to permit PERSONS fingers TO be thrust
rore-quarters win be clumsy and unsafe The length
and slope OF the shoulder are to be estimated by the
and not as is very often the case BY the appear.
ance OF the shoulder-tOp.
strong ana roand in It's shaft 1t reaches from the
lower end OF the scapua, at the point OF the snout-
Der to the Top OF the ioreeg, ana 6y its means
well slaned scapula, and o toleraby long, we'll
santed hnmerus must. OF necessity, form deep
placed in reference to the weight It is destined to
carry. the points Of the shoulder should be light.
placed ut a great distance from the front OF the
counter; nor should 1t, on the other hand, pc
Decidedly the best as that viii ensure favorable
leverage with moderate weight. There Is
popularity the attachment OF the shoulder blade
to the body which does not occur In any
other part Of the animal. All other bones are
united together by the intervention of carriages
Ar ninf, In naSn fhn nntn vii Ina
Is effected solely 10y means OF muscular substance.
There is nothing approximating to Joint. inc
sh0ulderbade Is embedded, as II were, In mass OF
muscle. This arrangement serves completely TO
break the
SHOCK OF TIE GAILOP
or leap, and, at the same time, renders shoulder
lameness very race occurrence except as the con-
sequence OF direct local injury. II the shoeing-
smiths were aware OF this fact they would not trace
to the shoulder, as they invariably do, one half OF
the diseases which are located In the foot and Leg
BY referring the ameness to The shoulder the smith
easily get rid OF The results OF bad ShOetng The
light uraught horse should have strong and thick
but moderately slanting shoulder. In roadsters,
be high and the shoulder well laid Oack. The nigh
wlthers VIII materially assist in raising his fore
ton OF the shoulders Will increase hts stride.
The arm should be very broad at its junction with
basis Tor the attachment OF muscles. Now. as the
muscles are the only moving power In the anima
fexing the foot and knee are situated on the arm 1t
must follow that the strength OF the arm Is q matter
@ elbow ey Se e at
part OF the top OF the arm demands attention. Inc
advantage IN muscular action which IS gained by
could easily be proved by reference 70 the prin-
ciple OF the lever. In mechanics 1t Is OF great I'M
pOrtance to have. the elbow thrown far back from
the front OF the arm. The more breadth and Strength
there Is IN this locality the better There are three
masses OF muscle connected with the arm all capa-
BILE Of being seen and distinctly felt One Of these
masses placed on the outer edge the arm In 'front.'
the second directly behind and the third on the
junction They
must all be large and strong. The irst and second
are engaged In extending and nexlng the limb the
third confines the arm 10 the side, keeps the leg In
straight line anu prevents the limbs rom being too
widely separated None of them can be dispensed
with, as all nave most OncrouS duty to perform.
THE KNEE
The knee should be nat and very broad. II Is ex-
posed to frequent ana violent conclusions, and
therefore requires great breadth of surface for the
purpose Of aording sufficient room for the insertion
OF sucB powerful tendons aud ll2ament5 as are re-
CURED about joint composed OF eleven sometimes
twelve) different bones. There Is an arch or bridge
directly behind the Knee, through which some Of tine
tendons belonging to The muscles Of the arm pass.
II not placed at proper distance behind the end
OF the shank bone tile tendons Will be tied IL. THIS
Is great defect. The arch which Is composed Of
gaments and bone called the trapezlum, requires
to he strong and thick t. AFFORD attachment to the
muscles which are connected with and terminate In
IT, The tendOns, alter passing through the arcn,
should run in a straight nc 10 the back OF the
wrist OF man. Tine part Included between the knee
and the hcOf, including the pastern Is called the
Leg 1t Is composed entirely Of bones, skin, tendon
and lfgament. There no muscles attached to 1t,
consequently 1t acts merely as lever for the sup
port and propulsion OF the machine. The leg should
be thln when viewed III 'front.' as that Will snow
fneness anu fairness OF bone; but its side must
be broad Otherwise the snewS which belong
to The muscles OF the would act at
q great disadvantage. Immediately below the
shank bone or cannon. on the head OF which
rest the bones OF he Knee Is situated the pasern,
commonly called the ietlock: but properly speak,
ing, the fetlock Is only the posteriOr part OF the
Joint OF the pasiern from which grows the foollock
or tult Of hair When the pastern Is very short and
upright the limb Is deprived OF much OF It's elaS-
ITCHY, and horses thus built prove uneasy movers
They are also unsafe Tor the postcrn being so nearly
In an upright position requires but small resist
ance slight shock to bring 1t forward beyond the
perpendicular, IN which case the weight OF the ma.
chine uniting with the impetus, brings the animal
down. When, on the contrary. the pasterns are too
long, they are frequently too Obllquc likewise aud
must then be also propoltionaly weak; neverthe-
less, horses with long pasterns are easy gated.
HE FEET
are next to he considered. They are more liable to