Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1872-09-20

much as fifty could hundred years ago, and
with less expense. II we were compelled 10 go
back only to the facilities of % years ago, we
should be at loss to see how our people could be
supported. In this way, and in supplying the
means By which the raw nsterisl ia converted
into marketable products, manufactures be
come important TO the farmer; and each cen
tributes to the prosperity of the other.
But il is not enough TO incre.se our proiuc-
Ton, we must make products, raw or msnufsc-
tured articles available to all in all parts Of the
world. Hence the necessity Of mesns of tran
sportation ;withwhich supplied, commerce enablet
men In each business to exchange the results Of
their skill, and enable, each portion of the
globe to enjoy the products Of all
We thus see that agriculture cannot he sepe
rated from the great interests of MANUFACTURES
and Commerce, Of all which agriculture is the
foundation. The speaker went on to urge the
Importance Of organizing labor in order to the
best results in agriculture. He thought there
was greater deficiency in this respect. in sgri-
calture than in other departments Of industry.
though such organization is Es Necessary in
farming, as in manufactures or railroads.
Dividing labor into two kinds skilled and phyti-
cal lAber, he showed the economy Of making the
skllful l&bor direct the greatest Smouut Of physi
cal lsbor. In order to this be urged the profit
sbleness Of large farms, and where large farms
do not exist, OF combinations of farmers, using
their machinery and systemaiizing their labor
in common. lie thought farming was more
profitable than most branches Of manufactures
or trade. We re men supporting themselves
and raising and lucstng theiz families on farms
costing but $4,000. If We estimate the cost of
this st bat $500, that would be return Of ten
per ceat or the capital, which ia more than the
f.a =
besides, no risk Of losing the capital, in farm
ing, and the profit Increases, with good mango
ment, with the size Of the farm
Mr.. Underwood touched on some practical
points. He thought cur sand plains, consider
Cd 90 valueleEs, might be made exceedingly
prohtsble by establishing here such branches
q business, sc that of canning fruits and vege-
tsbeF for market, which has become 50 large
business elsewhere. he thought that s. s
rule, common grades Of cattle well fed pay better
than high grades poorly kept. lie said farmers
think that in order to make butter they must
kill their calves; but he had found in bis ex-
peTience that this was not necsssSry The cali
in week from it's birth can be learned to drink
sour milk, and can he raised on that without
difficulty.
f. How about vheyy' asked some one in the
crowd. ! don't believe much in whey for calves,
=
cheese, you had better keep pigs instead
Farmers mistake il selling their hsy. The
cheapest manure is that from the farm. Next
in value are the fertilizers which give the great
ett amount Of valuable soluble matter. There is
a great difference ia this respect among the com
nercisl fertiliZars, some Of which are merely
ground stone Of small value, while others are Of
great service.
Here in New England We tsve Inc advantage
over the West, in cur proximity to the grest
markets on the Atlantic sasbosrd Neither beef
or grain ara improved by long transportation,
and butter shipped from the West TO the East il
poor staff. We get our produce forward with
less expense for freight. We need to psy more
attention 70 putting up cur products sttgsc-iTely
ior mSrket
Oar cheese and butter factories have done
more to improve the quslity Of orr cheese and
butter than anything else for fifty yetrs ESch
such factory is : sort OF school Of the art, and
there ought to be more Of them. These agricul-
turSl fairs serve simiisr purpose in furnishing
example, Of success and instruction in improved
meth53s They should be encouraged by the
general presence Of the farmers, and should
collect the best products Of cur farms. The
world is 20 wide aud the market for agricultural
products SO extensive that there need be no fear
from competition among fArme-s and each should
be glad to communicate to every other Informs
ton which be has found valuable il practice.
In closing Mr.. Underwood alluded to the
CsughnSwssa Ship Canal, as cure to be built at
no disttnt day, though nov temporarily at
stsn1-stil, and IS destined to give great i'm
pulse to agriculture il this region by Increasing
msuaiactdres among W, and charging our mar
ketz for our productions.
The address vas listened to with close attsn-
ticn, sid wss heartily spp'AuleI, the aulienc-
adding three cheers for the speaker 81 It's elosee
One Of his hearers expressed the feelings Of
many, doubtless, ia the remark that GOV IN
darEood "knew splsguey sight more zb5ut farm.
lag than Horsee Greeley, who wssHalking 81 the
zane time on the other side Of the S;,-e