davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

a GOOD Word FOR CoCKRoACHEs. 1t has
oeen the prevailing opinion among housekeep-
ers that cockroaches were nuisance. but
among the prejudices which science is destined
to do away tins opinion is to be numbered. We
have TO learn now that the sprightly bugs
home. So insist NJ. StrouiD Of Paris and Herr
Eblert Of Berlin. The breeding of tue coclk.
roach, according to these authorities, should be
au intelligent pursuit, directed by scientific
knowledge and prompted by sanitary motives,
In all those quarters Of Paris where paper and
the multiplication Of these insects, and even un.
dertake 10 tame and breed them, aud sionin
attributes their immunity from cerebro spinal
meningitis and kindred diseases in a great part
10 this fact. Ang one who wishes a colony or
two Of these pNv'c beneiactors will and the
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

The NEW LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND.
The lord chancellor OF England, Lord Selborne
(Sir Rounded Palmer that was) made the follow
ing noteworthy remarks, in the course of
speech delivered the other day TO his friends and
neghbors in the village where he resides. In
replying TO the toast Of his health, Lord Sell
borne expressed his desire to see all classes Of
people united in the bonds of brOtherly love
with one another" aud urged his hearers to re-
member sit is not in the possession of more or
less Of wor lly advantages that happiness de-
pends; 1t IS IN the heart and in the relations Of
the heart to God and man." His lOrdshp, refer.
ring to the Overwhelming honor and responsi.
Otlty which the queen had laid upon him, SAID
Perhaps the minds Of some may be attracted
as much to the honor as TO the responsibility.
l hope IL may please God 10 preserve
my mind from beng directed to that; be-
cause, although the honor and dignity are Ger.
ialnly great, earthly dguitles and honOrs are
| useful only for tue sake Of the public objects
for which they exist. man who sets bis heart
| upon them is certainly not likely to turn them
TO good account. They may last very short
ilmej and wien they 20 il is certain that we
can take nothing Of them away with US. No;
IL IS the duty and the responsibility which are
the real thing. Ii is certainly great RESPONSE
bility TO judge causes Of justice between man
and man-to be the adviser Of The queen and
the colleague OF her ministers, and to have TO
Oil up vacancies which occur in spiritual bene-
iiees. Those ale duties the adequate
discharge Of which will require gihs
TO which ! cannot pretend. ] only trust
that those among you who know and under.
stand these things viii sometimes, when they
pray TO God to guide the minds Of those who arc
set In high places in this kingdOm, remember
me- and ask God to give me those gifts Of which
your minister has spoken. | do not agree with
some Of my friends who In private letters say II
may be presumed that have now reached the
highest point ol NY ambition. That Is not so at
all. My ambition is not high place. My ambi.
tlon isi II 1t be possible, 10 do some good in the
do good In that position would rather leave il
aud try some other
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14
'Sic in original Query; May az
fTranslation

We, William, by the grace of God German
emperor, king of Prussia, &C., after eXamin.
alton Of the treaty between the governments of
her Britannia majesty and that of the United
STATES OF America, dated at Washington, May
6* 1871, hy virtue of which the above named
governments have submitted to our arbitration
the question at issue between them, viz, wheth-
er the line Of boundary which, according to the
treaty dated at Washington, June 10, 1916, after
it had Oeen continued westward along the forty
nntl parallel OF north latitude to the middle of
the channel which separates the continent from
Nancouvers Island, shall be further drawn
SOutherly through the middle of the said channel
and of Fuca straits to the Pacific ocean, should
be run, as claimed by the government of her
Britannia majesty, through the Rosario straits,
or through the canal OF Haro, as claimed by the
government Of the United States, in order that
we should decide finally and without appeal
which of these claims is most in accordance with
the true Interpretation Of the treaty OF June 10,
1876;
Have, after taking into consideration the
statement Of the experts and jurists appointed
by us to report upon the contents of the respect
i've cases and counter cases, with their enclos
ures, given the following decision:
The claim of the government of the United
States, viz: that the line of boundary between
the dominions of her Britannia MAJESTY aud the
United States should be run through tine canal
of Haro, is most in accordance with the true
Interpretation of the treaty concluded between
the government ot her Britannia majesty and
that Of the United States of America, dated at
Washington, June 10, 1916
Given under our hand and seal, at Berlin,
October 81, 1872.
tSigned) WILLIAM.
aSic in original Query: NAV 81
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Dail Hamilton recently made an excursion
So"I ~" .lie iie - Llwrence aud up the Saguenay.
ssne uia not ENJOY IL, bat says, philosophically
sSeyeLineiess, am glad went TO the saauenay.
eNag e2olnsalhlng Is accomplished when you have
want to 10 TO again
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

AN UNMITIGATED RuFFIAN.-Mrs. Clara
Courtney registered in the Astor house, with her
husband, from Pottsyile, Penn, about two
years ago. She remained several months, and
from the kind courtesy she received on the part
of the prOprietors, formed a high opinion of the
hotel. Shs came tasthiS city about tDrce weeks
AGO, and went 10 the Astur house. Sue noticed,
day after day, man oil respectable appearance
do9gng her through the corridors, and informed
Mr. Charles \. StetSOn, Jr, Of the strange con-
duct of tie man. MIR. Stclson informed special
officer fully Of the matter, and a strict watch
was kept for the man, who, it was ascertained,
was not resident OF the hotel Yesterday
morning, about II O'Clock, Mrs. Courtney went
to her room, and shortly alterWard
heard knock at the door Thinking
It was the chambermaid, she opened
the door, and found her unknown per-
secutor outside in the corridor. She imme-
diatelY attempted TO close the door, but the man
put his shoulder to itand burst it in. He then
tried 10 iasen the door, but proved unsuccessful
de then attempted to perpetrate an atrocious
assault on Mrs. Courtney, when she screamed
ior heIp. Col. Charles SIetson and Officer Tuly
hearing the alarm hurried 10 the rescue The
mlsereant finding himself in danger, hurried
from the room and fed into the cellar of the
hotel, where he was finally captured by Officer
Tally. 1t was with the greatest difficulty that
Col. SietsOn and Officer Iuily could prevent the
gentleman gucs vi the hotel from infictng
condlEn punishment upon their prisoner De-
lectiYe Mcdonnell OF the third precinct was noti-
ned, and on arriving at the hotel took the pris-
oner into his custody. Mrs. Courtney was at
hrst opposed to making any complaint against
the fellow, but she ii1ally did So The man was
arraigned before Alderman Conan, at the tombs
police court, yesterday afternoon. He proved
TO be John IL Tenant, produce commission
merchant, residing with his wife and family at
No. 43 Park avenue, aud does business at No 23
Peali street On Mrs Courtney stating the
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Citizens interested in fire insurance and Others
are invited TO appear this evening before the
committee of the city council on the fire depart
ment, to make suggestions in regard to the
better protection of the city from Gre. There are
doubtless those among US whose thoughts on
this subject deserve attention. We trust they
will improve the opportunity now offered
and let our city authorities have the benefit
of their suggestions. 1t is highly important
that here as well as elsewhere there should
be q full discussion of the matters involved in
this topic, for tits apparent that changes N the
laws and municipal regulations regarding pre-
cautions against fire are demanded by public
opinion and must soon be made. and everybody
is therefore interested in whatever can throw
light upon the subject and make the work of
legislation easier and more complete.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

OF the bune hole. Aaron Petty, long since dead,
weighed 800 pounds, was a man of tremendous
strength, and so active and supple was he that
he could dance a rope or wire equal to a profess
SiOnal acrobat When gathering at a vendue or
frolic, these gigantic men moved the astonish-
ment Of men from a distance. Among these
noted men there was a noted snnffer He raised
his own tobacco. After it was gathered and
dried, he would ill his pockets with the dried
leaves. aud then when he wanted a snuff he
pulled out some Of the leaves, broke them up,
and applied them to his ollactories. A stranger
from the northern part of the state attended
vendue and saw these large men, and especially
this yoracious snuffer. The visitor returned home
and told his friends that there were in Timber
Swamp the laracst and strongest men he ever
saw, and among the rest there was one who
snuffed even wood.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

mttted 10 them in season to adjourn finally
before Thanksgiving, they will do all that can
reasonably be expected.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14
'sic in original. Query; May 81

IHE DISTRICT TELEGRAPH PROBABLY few
Of our readers are aware OF the wonderful con-
venience that is furnished to many business Of
hces, and notably to all hOusekeepers, by the
little instrument named at the head Of this ar
tlce. Oar own acquaintance with it is but re-
cenr, and was made on this wise: A lady Of our
family, visiting al the house of friend was
urged to remain and spend the evening. But as
her own house was remote, as she had not in
tended 10 remain away so long, and as her fam
lily would not know Of her whereabouts, she was
compelled to decline. The discussion lasted for
4 few minutes, when the gentleman of the house.
who had seemed meanwhile to be busy about his
own affairs, suddenly iuteTpOsed with "Ihere
you may take off your bonnet; have arranged
everything; your people Will know, in a few
minutes, where you ale, and all aOout it In
explanation OF this singular statement, he in
formed the lady that, while she was talking, he
had written brief note, accounting Tor her a5.
sence, summoned a messenger, and dispatched
him upon his errand to the distant family. In
further elucdation OF the mystery, be called her
attention 10 a little brass instrument fastened
against the wall. This, he said, was connected
by a wire with the office ofthe district telegraph
slight touch upon a little ivory knob would
bring 10 the house, within three minutes, a
messenger, ready to execute any erand at the
very reasonable charge of fifteen cents for every
half hour. different signal on the same in.
slrument would bring policeman with as little
DELAY; and third would give an alarm Of fire.
When this came to our ears and we found,
upon inquiry, that these instruments would be
placed in the house, and the connection made,
by the company at their own expense, for a rent
Of thirty dollars year, and that, besides all
this, they kept, without additional charge,
night patrol, to watch he houses of their Gus.
toners, we could scarcely believe that these ad-
vdntages were real, or that they could be so
cheaply furnished. Subsequent experience has
removed these doubts. We have proved in our
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

The NEW YORK SESAToRsHIP.-The Utica
Herald, speaking Of the election Of United
States senator 10 succeed Roscoe Conkling, says,
Mr.. Conkling can be reelected, if he chooses,
and speaks on the subject as follows:
"As yet we hear no candidate presented
against him, and it may be doubtful whether
any organized opposition will be made. In
many quarters suggestions have been report
ed that Senator Conkhng would be offered
some high station at the hands OF the president
and probably any Judicial, diplomatic or cabi.
net appointment would be cordially bestowed
upon him, and with popular approval. Many
elements of fitness would mingle in such an ap-
pointment. In that event, new candidates for
senator would be presented"
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

EAST INDIA TEAs.-There is very great
difference between the teas OF Cblna and those
Of the East Indies. The latter, in point OF
strength and flavor, are superior As with wine
in California, the tea of the Himaldya foothills
has more tea flavor; aud the varieties made
have pecuharIies that require different names
from those OF China. Official returns Just pub
llshed, gives the value of teas exported from
India, in 1871, Al S5,500,OO0 and they fud favor
in the English markets. In five years hence,
government estimates count on 2O,OOJ,OOO OF
export teas. Before the expiration Of this cen
fury. England expects 10 be independent Of
China Tea. Japanese teas do not take the Eng
lish taste They are used for mixing.
We have fancy gro ,erS IN San Francisco. Let
us suggest that they may find profit in bringing
East India tea 10 this market. Curiosity alone
would ensure sales Of the first importation; and
there would be large and permanent consump-
tion, if the move pronounced favor should suit
the American taste, which is probable Why
can't tea be brought direct from India to San
Franciscot We can give in exchange what
would make for us large profits. There is more
ale consumed in lnda in proportion TO white
population, than in any other country, for it is
the beverage of all ages (babes included) and
of both sexes alike. Nobody drinks water
70 touch up the proYarbaiy torpid liVers of
that climate, and TO avert the country fever that
spares neither chick nor child, qunine is in
daily use; and ale is the menstruum that gives
II agreeable passage TO the stomach. CiuChona
trees are now cultivated there 10 supply quinine
II we can make anything in California more
particularly prime, 1t is ale. Our barley and
our hops challenge the world; and our eucalyp-
tuS tree trOOt, bark and leal) is in no way inie-
rior to the Peruvian bark trees as Il lebnfuge.
We can give, in exchange for tea, ready doctUred
ale cheaper and better than can be furnished by
any other country which has not barley and
hops Of equal quality,
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

United States Currency cygs.........,,.,.I II9E
Western Union Telegraph company.
Pacific Mail steamship company, ..,........ ST8
\. Y. Central Hudson River consolidated. 1855
Erie railroad .....,..........,.......... 4gK
u, 90 preferred d.'...,......."........,..7l
Harlem railroad. au...,,.,.....,.......,.....,
do preferred. .......,... i16
Michigan Central NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS., ..ll4
Panama railroad ..,...,,...,....n....,..l4O
Union Pacific railroad st0cK.......,,,.,.....34l Il
Lake shore X Michigan southern R........kSls
Illinois Central railroad, ad,........,.,.,.,.. lgO
Cleveland and Pitlsburg railroad ,,......,.,,gyl5
Chicago and northwestern railroad, ........A
Cleveland Columbus 4 Cincinnati railroad 81 ,s9
New Jersey Central railroad. .......,..... iUI "a
1nlyls3 ana n9Ck Island railroad. ....,,.,...lO7N
milwaukee, and 81. Paul railroad. ....,.... ..5S4
Toledo and Wabash railroad ,'... ......7S ',,...,iS
r., - uV pItlssss.ss......sssHU ~
Fort wayne and Chicago railroad,
Alton and Ierre Ilaute railroad. ;",,.",,."l5
40 40 pfeitrred,n,....,....@
Chicago and Alton ralroad ......,."....,!07X
OHIO ami Mississippi railroad .,,,.,..,,,.... az
Delaware, LacKawnnua a. Western II RI, g5E
Hartford ana E1G railroad, ,......,. .,,..... 5L
Columbus. Cincinnati Ina. Central Il K ,,,.3lG
Burlington and Quincy railroad. .....,..,..lg9
Hannibal and StJVseph K X R...,..,..,,..... gH
Central Pacific gold bOnda. a......,.,,,,.,....lOJ
S'i "N'AS i.rsi'' - ,''.'at.t,,..S1a
~ t taiiu sl'i'9' ''''''s s's.,,tt.,,...GG
nr,,,oo t, ~ nllSulle'' '' ''s,.,,,.,,,,..,..7St
''A'v y a''''''''s's' '.,,,u,,,...,I3G
vi,,si,,to s,o,, ''.sss.,,t..ss,,.7J4
IL ''''N o.t's.''''''ssss ..s.,.,.,.....4G
nf,.,,,si .,,, g. He"t'tts.' '.,s...t,..,s,,...,5
si,si, 80 ''''''''s's.s,.. .,..s....Hjh
0',,' '''''' "'' ''.'.''''''ss ''ss'..',,,..,,.,....W
41oto,,.o .t,,. D. HN"'''sssss ..ssssss.sss.s,.dS
-A'A'i ''''v q9't'' s.,.,,,.t,t..,..,.h
rlo,.,to' J..- '''''''''' ss,s..,.s,,.........5I
7'' ,"'' uu9'''''''t's''s.s''. .,.s.sr....10
N..t ~, is,''''''s' ''s'.s's..,,.,..,ts.,...B
'"4 'I "ilA" Vss''s.
c,,,tt, g,.,i... d. HtN''ts''. .s's.st'''',rs.....2U
''i IN'"'lllA us' t'ttt'ts''s's 30
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

DIR. C. R. BRoADBENr physician Tor lung and
throat diseases, also all chronic complaints and
humors is at the Bay State house, and will remain
until next Saturday noon. Advice free Room 2s.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Ladies, gents and children can find nice assort-
ment of merino underwear at Weinberg Bros, 857
Main street.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Anothernew lot of French and German corsets-at
Weinberg Bros 357 Main street.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Abbott will sell stock, hay and grain at auction
for F Worcester, in Grafton this forenoon at l.2
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Closing out sale of pictures and picture frames at
Il. Whimey's, 395 Nam street. Call early to secure
choice goods and extra bargains.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank
NO 246 MAIN STREET
oFEN FRoM...,.,..........9 A. NJ. to p Nh to4P.N
THIRTT-SIXTH SEMI-AEEUAL DIVIDEND. The trls-
tees of this Bank declared the Thirty-Sirh semi-4a
naal DiDead the first day Of July al the rate OF sx
PER CENT. PER ANNUM.
DEPOSITS received up to oNF THOUSAND DOLLARS.
Deposits are put upon interest the first day OF every
month.
July. ~
CHAS. L. PUTNAM, President.
GEORGE W. WHEELER. Treasurer DIFF iyll
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14
SyeeiaI Gat1fss.
The Peoples Savings Bank,

The Peoples Savings Bank,
No. ass MAIN 81.
has NOT MET WITH ANY LOSS BY THE LATE
CALAMITY IN BOSTON,
but continues to receive deposits and make payments on
demand, as usual.
Deposits draw interest from the first day Of every
month.
Bank Hours-9 a u to l P. I.-and to4P. ". sstur-
days, a. n. to ] P NJ, and to sP.M
JOHN {. MASON, President.
Worcester xov "a ,s-, c. N. Bent, IT., Treasurer
UnIred states ana Canadian
PATENTS OBTAINED,
foREIG% PATESTs PRoGf c SITsft RGb secured
ntererenees, and other Patent Cases attended to by
2Il Main ST. dtl mhlq
Worcester Mechanics savings Bank,
IN CENTRAL EXCHANGE, 3lI MAIN ST.
Deposits put upon interest on the Fifteenth day Of
each month.
Dividends made every January and July
Bank open on Saturday evenings from to 8, for the
receipt Of deposits,
HARRISON BLISS. President.
II. WOODWARD, Treas'r. dawtf iylO
Worcester County Institution for Savings
FOSTER STREET.
Chartered. February s, 1928.
Deposits put interest on the first day OF each mon
Dividends made every January and July
Deposits Nov. l, lS72........Ss5, eos, ,48G "a.
Number oil Depositors ..................l5,eE0
Hon. ALEXANDER II. BULLOCK. President
d&wu C. A. HAMILTON, Treasurer
MiDbury Savings Bank. NEiIIbury, Mass.
ORGANIZED July, 1871
Deposits received up to one Thousand DoH0ys Depos-
its put upon interest on the first day of every month";
Diriieads Interest are made in January and July at
the rate of six per cent. per annum.
THoS. j. HARRINGTON, President.
FRANK c. MILES, Treasurer diff au3
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14
a BooIk for Every MN.

The "SCJENCE OF LIFE, or SELF RESERVATION" a
Medical Treatise on the Cause and Cure of Exhausted
Vitality. Premature Decline IN Man, Nervous and PLY
scal Debility, HypOchondria, ImDotcncv, Spermator-
rh0a or Seminal Weakness, and all lther diseases ars-
ing from the errors youth the n6iscretions or e
cesses Of mature years, This is indeed book for every
man. Thousands have been taught BY this work The
true way to health and happiness. ii is The cheapes
ana best medical work ever published and the only one
on this class OF ills worth reading l9Jth edition revised
much enla-ged illustrated bound m beautiful French
cloth Price ST. Sent by mail, post paid, on receipt OF
price. Address PEABODY MEDICAL INSTITUTE. No (
Buhnch ST., Boston, Mass, Or Dr.. W. IL. PARKER AS
sstant Physician. n. B.-The authormay he consulted
on the above, well all diseases requiring sk and
experience. deOplyr lax
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

John ;. Clark a. Son, Commission Merchants
and dealers IN Flour and GRAIN Land Plaster Lime
Cacinet Plaster Gr Bone, Cement. Salt Gnano Super
Phosphate OF L.me and Western Produce Nos 237 and
23J Front ST., Worcester Mass.
dst JOHN s. CLARK & SON.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14
Fan Term

Fan Term
WORCESTER CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC
WILL COMMENCE.
Monday, Oct. 18th, 1sIs'
= Pupils received aud classified at any time.
F. ZUCHTMANN, Director,
". II. DASIELL Secretary du o.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14
De. u. M. Rnrton
MAR FsIED

EiSe Per Cent. per Annum
allowed for Money on cali. L. A. GOODNow,
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

RIA RksiED
In this city, 18Th inst bv Rev II Hall, Sadie r. onl
daughter Of George Taft, to Heuss OF Boston. n
cars '' AZ
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

Worcester Gas Light Company.
COKE
This CHEAP AND MOST DESIRABLE FUEL for Manuiac-
turing purposes and Family Use. is offered the
public. in quantities to suit at the following Reduced
Prices:
III tl4t s11.VV per CualuEOn
llellFeftu- .-..s...-..-.. h-VV
Blunfu .s..ss.......-......-.- b.50 -
Is cents per bushel.
Payments may be made, and orders ris delivery will
be issued 0UfB the Office Of the Company, No. Bank
Block. Foster ST.. IN stairs. dtf la4
Structure, Fistula, Piles-Radically cured with
on, the knife, cause, detention from business. In
potence, Diseases of the Geneative Organs Diseases Of
Women. c. MANSFIELD, NJ. D.,
No 5 Pleasant ST.. near Main,
O3O dEwu Worcester Mass.
Worcester daily spy., 1872-11-14

DIED
In Upton, Nov H. Luther Leggc, aged s. yrs 10 mos
IN SuicoNe, Mo, Oct "A. Mrs Mira wife OF Daniel
Johnson aged 81 yIs, formerly Of Auburn, Mass.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1872-10-18

PAYSON TUCKER, agent,
353 Commercial Street, Portland.
June "a, 1872 jun21tf ra
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1872-10-18
The Great Pope.

Only few weeks later, on the 25th of Nav.
1855, he died. Even in his last hours he
nacnified his office ard proclaimed his hatred
of all who did not bow to it, by granting a
general absolution to all mankind, except
lac Henry, Clement, and their supporters.
1T, despite this outrageous bitterness, we
must admit his good faith; in the whole tur-
moil and battle of his life he saw only right
motives and worthy deeds.
81 have loved Justice and hated iniquity,"
he said; "and therefore die in exile"
Such was Gregory VII. the greatest archi-
tect of the temporal power of the popes, the
greatest organizer and disciplinarian OF the
Romish Church, and the establisher of probi-
ty. in the conferment Ecclesiastical dignities,
the establisher of that priestiy celibacy which
has fruited SO much strength and so much
sin.
He was one of the purest, most austere,
most intrepid, clearest-headed men that ever
lived; an enthusiast who was at once fanati'
cal, and yet always guided by reflection and
system; leader who meant well by his kind,
and yet crushed it without remorse; a yea
lous Christian who bore almost no resem-
blance to Christ.
He was tn enemy of every one who would
not grovel before his see; the enemy of every
bishop who claimed the smallest freedom Of
conscience; the enemy of every monarch who
cestors; the enemy and nearly destroyer of
all the national churches of Europe.
To him the Germans and Italians owed the
sowing Of a strife, the quarrel of investitures
which ragged with fury for forty-six years,
costing, without exaggeration, a hundred bat
ties and the lives of two millions of human
beings.
If there is a pontiff who more than any
other is responsible for the religious wars and
massacres of the latter centuries of Christi
anity it is Pope Gregory VII.
Notwithstanding all the good which may
be attributed to him by his ingenious advo-
Gates, it seems to me inhuman not to regret
that he should ever have been born-sGre-
CORY VH.-King Of Kings" by j. W. De
Forest, IN November GdLaru.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1872-10-18

saRadahOc House, j. ohm g. MiIIikeu, Pro.
prietOr.
Bafh Hotel, Z. WI. Plummer, Proprietor