New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1872-12-23

simple optical 0flahkoi 49,,
images OF the magnets upon the screen sCsIYgIs V
lngs over the glass plate 10 when Tue NJ ~
et Of The iron fbes i'm those magnetic curves when
have been so long familiar TO sclenuho Wob, onryas
never t seS9 T @STS 'oS6ned 6 Prof Mayer Of no
bokon ana NAV ada m passing, 1naS eoi consider
au,ed "A youuC professor from whom SAQtCt VVhs4~OA
STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT DUE TO POLAR fohCk,-
The asect OF these curves fascinated karaday tlat
Tho Greater portion OF his intellectual life was devoted 10
Wondering over them. He invested the space through
which thew run with kind Of materially; andthe prob
ability is that the progress Of science by connecting the
phenomena of magnetism with the luminiterous ether,
VIII prove these lines oi IoIee. as faISS3 ~ ms
ny tcrous su0straum Of all radiant action bnt 70 Is
not with the magnetic curves such that now wish 10
occupy your attention; u is their relationship TO theo
rctic conceptions that have now 10 c0slueI' ~ te
notion OF polar force; by the breaking OF the strip OF
uaguetzed Steel attain the notion that poarS vn
pertinent with the iron filings introduces new loa lno
lie mind; the idea, namely OF structural iS
are attractive and two rcpulsiye The attractive pores
approach the repulsiye poles retreati tse
being "a certain definite arrangement 81 TIE particles
with reference to each other.
CRYSTALS BUmI Up By THE FORCES OF THEIR MOLECULES
Now this idea Of structure, asproduced 10y poarforee'
opens way for the intellect into entirely new region
and the reason ask you to accompany me into inns
region IS that our next inquiry relates to the action OF
crystals upon light Before speak Of this action, wish
you TO realize the process OF crystalline are9ecuTe.
Look then granite quarry, anu kpeuu nun
examining the rock. II IS not OF perfectly un-
form texture. IL is rather degeneration OF pieces
which, 0n Examination present SuiIoV 3 t have
there what mineral0g SIS can quartz you aNc
felspar, YOU have mica. In mneralOged cabinet,
Mi obtain some notion Of their forms. You Will see
there. Also specimens OF bery, topaz, emeralu touut
line. heavy spar, nuor-spar. Iceland spar-PSssi9y
Uniformed diamond, as it quilted the hand OF
nature, not yeL having got into the hanas Oh
put together according TO law; they are not chance pro
ductious: and ii YOU care to examine them more mi
find their architecture CapdDle OF DeluB
revealed. They split in certain directions
before kuIieedge exposing smooth and shining sur
faces, which called planes OF cleavage ana Dy IO,
lowing these planes you sometimes reach an internal
ior disguised beneath the external form Of the crystal
Ponder these beautiful edces Of hidden builder You
cannot helm asking yourself how they were Dulti ana
familiar you nov are with the notion OF ola l9Iee'
ana ability OF that force to produce structural ar
Iangemen your M ape az w forces es Which
tier Ultimate molecules are endowed In virtue OF these
forces atom lays itself TO atom In perfectly dehuto
way The fnal visible form OF the crystal depending upon
this Play o. its molecules.
LARGE CRYSTALS FORMED WITH DELIBERATioN.
Everywhere in nature we this tendency to run
definite FORMS and nothing is easier than to give
scope TO this tendency by artificial arrangements Dis
solve Ger in water and allow the water slowly to evap-
orate the inter remains and the solution soon becomes
so concentrated that the liquid form no longer he
and come al length within the range Of their polar forces
Incy arrange themselves in obedience TO these iOce
crystal the molecules continue TO deposit themselves
from the surrounding liquid; The crystal grows, ana
definite shape Alum crystaiizss WIN tle ntlost eSe
chi i'm shape from that inter- because the poles OF the
molecules differently disposed; ana they De Oy
with proper care the crystals OF these substances
NAV bo cansed TO grow to enormous size. The condi-
ton OF perfect crystallzaOn is, t1at the orystazng
force should act with delheraOn There should DO no
uiry in It's operations every mOlecue ought TO be
permitted, without disturbance IRON It's neighbors to
,1ycise rs own molecular rights II Tue orys'al@a'iO"
b. TOO sudden, the regularity disappears.
CASES OF SUSPENDED CRYSTALLIzATIoN
Water may be saturated with sulphate Of soda, dis
solved when the is hot, aud afterward permitted
20 cool. Whom cold the solution Is supersaturated;
ft 10 saw more solid matter is contained in 1t than
corresponds to its temperature. Still, the molecules
show no sign Of building themselves together. This
Isl very remarkable though very common TACT i h
molecules IN tho center OF the qud are 50 hanpeFen ny
the action Of their neighbors that freedom TO follow
their tendencies is denied TO them. Fix your
Inius eye upon a mOlecue within the 1t wishes
to unite with its neghbor to the right bgt IL WISHES
tendency neutralzes tho other, and it unites with
ieeniSr action. the Welkhown suspension of animal
voition produced by two equally inviting bundles OF
hay. But II crystal OF sulp1ate OF SOFA De uIopSu
into the solution the molecular INDIGESTION ceases On
tie crystal the adjacent molecules wiz immediately pre-
Cipitae themselves these again others VIII De pre-
Cip,ated and this act OF precipitation Wal continue from
as far a. possible assumed the solid FORM The crystals
here formed are small, and c0nIusediy arrshsea dnS
orderly action Of the crystailzlng force ~ gPTs %
Of nation in which natural and healthy change rs
with tie ch9uge the change being then ehegted
through aud revolution which wise foresight
roRHAroY OF CRYSTALS OF SAL AMMoNIAC.
Let me illustrate the action Of crystazng force by
two examples OF It; Ner might he employed, but an
other weknown substance enables me to make the ex-
pertinent in a better form. The substance is common
sslamuoniae or chloride Of ammonium, dissolved in
wafer Cleapsug perfectly glass plate the solution OF
te chloride poured the glass 10 WDlch Wheh the
plate is set on edge thin film OF the hquld aaneIes.
Warming The glass slightly evaporation rs pioOSdVa
the plae is then placed In solar microscope ana an
image the film is thrown upon wate screen: , luz
xarnth az fhe Illuminating beam adds itself 10 tnat
already impaired to The glass plato, SO tat aIter mo-
ment the ilm can no longer exist IN tne a91u
condition Molecue then closes with nOecuie ana you
have most impressive display OF erystalIlznG energy
Oyersprcading the whole screen lOu an"y tSarOs
which overspread your Window-p3nes IN WINTER, anu
lion OF tie MIN.
appearance OF this crystallzatiOn, covering the en-
tire screen and proceeding with extraordinary rapidty
called forth a buzz Of admiration. Even to those VINO
have frequently watched the operation through the
microscope this exhibition seemed novelty The Pro
fessor himself declared that he witnessed this
without feeling OF at the enormous display OF
energy on the part Of atoms which sngy must ever re-
tnain lnysibiel
Here the crysallizng hampercd by the adhe.
sion Of the film 70 the glass; never dees the pay OF
,,,er h SIR kurly beautiful Sometimes the crS stas
ttart from the edge the lm and through II from
that Tor the capitalization being once started ne
molecules throw themselves by preference on the
CRYSTALS already formed. The solid chloride OF am-
InOuum possesses power OF pToyoki9g pieelpta9h
eas- Sometimes the crystals start from definite nu-
ce the center Of the nm every Sma Srysne
rnut Throughout the process you notice one feature
Msh IS pT1S S !pen SraDch from the auoR and
from these branches others shoot but the angles IN
closed by the spcue are unateraole 10 IKE manner
Won NAV fluid aumcrystals, quartz ana all other
CRYSTALS distorted In shape Iney are mus lar az the
mercy Of the accidents Of erystallzaon; but IA one
particular tney assert their superiority over az sucn
acknowledgements magnitude Is always ngloy pre-
,,sr.Tr,c VEGETATION a TREE GROWS IN FIVE