Connecticut western news., 1872-03-01
Those Who Labor.


 well as surprising in the relative propor- persons who are in public service, those who are in domestic occupation, and those who are without any regular call ing. It is clear that many persons would be unwilling to take their place under either of these heads, not only those who get living nobody can tell how, but class, and who are neither wholly idlers, workers, nor capitalists. In France, un- til 1851, as in Belgium, Holland and Bavaria, capitalists and persous receiving pensions of honor were counted among the liberal professions. When they were left out of this class the proportion of sions sank in France from 11.15 to 3.7S, In Austria, in 1857, no less than 1,291,- 700 persons were reported as belonging to other than the regular callings enum- erated :; and in England in 1851, no less than 10000 were returned as of un- certain or undefined profession. Hausner who is thought to be a good authority, inhabitants, and estimates the number of the nobles as 2,8O7, 500 heads-almost a million in Russia, about 800,OO0 in Aus tria, almost 50O, ,OOO in Spain, and nearly 200, 1000 in Italy, where, as elsewhere, the socially. It is remarkable that he assigns 177, 500 persons to the noble class in Prussia, who are registered in books of living thought and progress of that great nation.
 In Saxony the proportion of female labor is reported as 33.7 72 in 100, while the labor of men is 66 23 in 100. And between the ages of fourteen and twenty one the two sexes nearly balance each other in numbers employed, the female proportion being 1O,O8, and the male proportion being 12.30, And of those employed as servants, the number of females between fourteen and twenty one years is 2.61 to 100, while the num- Der of males is 17.89.
 In modern society the drift of labor is away from farming and the country to mechanism and business and the city. The tendency also is toward the increase of corporate labor on large scale over the old-fashioned small industry. In Prussia this increase has not been great, and was less than 1 per cent. in the thir- teen years from 1846 to 1859, while in England and France the proportion has been vastly greater. In Great Britain the families of the agricultural class sunk in 1911 to 1921 from 36 to 29 per cent. and in 1851 fell to 236 per cent. The industrial population, between 1911 and 1881, rose to A per cent. While the agricultural class in 1841, in relation to 1881, had fallen of about p per cent, /, the number in mechanical industry and business in the same time rose about 46 per cent. The same movement, appears in France. In the short time between 1851 and 1856 the agricultural class, in- cluding women and children, had fallen from 56S7 to 52 94 per cent, while the number in industry and business had risen from 276S to 33.3S per cent The policy of Napoleon has undoubtedly tended to help on this increase of me chanism and trade, and to bring about an injudicious neglect of farming and grazing-a state of things not well in a nation in which two-thirds of the resi- dents belong to the rural population.
 In France the decrease of population in the country in 1S46-56 was fully O.25 while the increase in cities was l. 53-s proportion of excess in city multitudes that is connected with the worst aspects oi French society. In other countries the. same process is going on, but not to the same extent. Thus, in Great Britain the city increase has been 187 of the population, and in the country 1 pei cent. and in Prussia the figures arc nearer those of France, the gain in the cities being 1.3S, and in the country O.76. In the Netherlands the change ha. been least, the proportion of gain being O.82 for the city, and O.74 for the conn try, during the period estimated-1S46 56. ...s
 Remarkable facts show the great regu lativeand conservative power of marriage in our civilization. For example 1T France, in 1847, there were, among 87O4 arrested, 4574 celibates and in 1865 among 4154, arrested 2272 were celibates In cities criminality centres and while the cities of France have only 29 pc cent. of the Fren ch population, they hav' 50 per cent. of all the crime, and the un married are answerable for more thal half of the whole. In Belgium, ill 1856 50, more than 5S per cent. of the wors offenders were unmarried.