Lamoille newsdealer. [volume] (Hyde Park, Vt.) 1860-1877, 1872-08-21


In Russia. the condition Of the artisAl
during late years has materially i'm
uruved. A goodly portion Of the work
ing clssscs spend their winters in town
and SINNERS In the country, hocking q
the latter a. soon ~ warm weather setl
In. Wages vary according b locality
and seasons Of the year, bat are loEes
n the districts where the hand-loou
wcsvcrs congregate. Good mill hand
in the cotton, silk. linen. cloth aud car
pet trades receive from $3.50 b. SIS per
month; ordinary mechanics. ioinen.
hlacksmiths. etc, are paid from IS cent
% Sl5O dsy. while skilled mechanic.
aud engine-drivers can earn from 81. 81
n $3.50, OF even more. In Austria.
every trade has its spsc.al gnild, the
memlers OF which are divided into three
ranks, the upper Of masters. the middle
workmrn, the lower Of apprentices.
/ Anyone nav enter a guild by enrolling
himself as an apprentice aud paying an
entrance fee Of three forms (nearly
Sl.50) After serving with a master for
thrre or four year., without payment
/ the apprentice is registered as a workman
aud proclaimed a free member Of the
guild. In return for a quarterly pay
ment Of % cents, he becomes entitled to
gratuitous board, lodging, medicine aud
care at the hospital when sick, or to re
ceive the same at home at charge Of
81 cents a week. IL a workmln desires
t. become a master. be pays twenty flo
Rms 10 the masters chest. SIX forms for
a diploma, a small fee TO the togn rates:
upon which he receives the coveted pro-
motion and becomes an elector of the
guild. This system turns out good
workmen. Shoemakers earn SO week:
Jniners, $3.50 to SIS; tailnrs Sc to 50;
.ilversmiths, $3.50 10 So; compositors,
SO; meerschaum carverS 81 TO SO; plumb
ers 81, and smiths, Sc to 80; twelve
hours being the average working day.
As to food aud lodging. in Vienna house
rent is comparatively high. a small room
with kitchen costing some S4S per annum.
Strikes, lock-outs; and all combinations
for the restraint of trade are Illegal in
Austria and trades-unions do not exist |
Cooperative ssociations. however, Aour-
ish. Education is compulsory, aud the
popular standard OF taste is very high,
the people finding their amusement in
musical entertainments and the drama.
excellent performances being afforded
Tor nominal sum. Intoxication is rare
and habitual drunkenness still rarer
among the Austrian artisans; although
heir ideas OF intimidation are solely con-
fined to sending their obnoxious fellows
to Coventry. In Prussia, the Journey
man artisan is fyenarallv IN aducatad and
we'll TODD man. He not only possesses
l good technical education, but by fol-
owing the excellent practice of travel
ng or wandering" and by visiting the
Of other states, he ac-
lulres ample ability for the business he
intends to pursue. In Saxony wages
re not high; they average no more than
wo to three dollars a week; but the Sax
n workman knows how to keep him
elf and family on that sum, and fire.
uently to lay by something which
Dables him to purchase a small house,
nd plot OF ground attached to it. In
Vsrtemberg, the condition of the labor. \
is still better, and the facilities which
ne nottingham possesses of enjoying "
te are IN many respects greater than in
'ngland. he is able to indulge in meat A
) daily article of food, and even the
oorest artisan eats sausages, if unable A
procure fresh meat White bread is
Ill luxury and is seldom INDUCED in
y the working classes. but black or rye
read which costs 4 kreutzers or 2 IA
$. per pound forms their habitual con.
lmption.