Worcester daily spy., 1872-08-20
W WoRCE TER .
TUESDAY. AUGUST go. 1919.
Dr. livinrstone,s Diseoveries.

DR. H.ivingstOne's Discoveries.
There is no longer room for the most skeptical
TO doubt that the New York Herads Mr.. Stanley
found Dr. Livingstone. The London Geograph-
ical society and the highest officials of the
British government bear witness that he has
brought from Central Africa important COM
munications from the Doctor, which are un-
auestonably authentic. Seven of these letters,
addressed TO Lord Stanley, Lord Clarendon,
Earl Granville, and others, have beeu published.
The dates are from Nov. IS, 1870, TO Feb. 20,
1872, and they give an account Of his exploring
adventures in the region west of Lake Tan
ganyika, between the twelfth degree of south
latitude and the equator he speaks also of his
failure to receive supplies sent from Zanzibar,
because they were entrusted to slave-trading
Banians. These Banans come from India and
are British subjects. His exposure of their
nefarious proceedings in the Manyema country,
may lead the British government to check the
outrages of these men.
DR.. LWingstone's discoveries are likely 10
make important corrections of the views con-
cerning the sources of the Nile, which have pre-
vailed since the volumes of Speke and Baker
were published, Speke thought its source was
in Lake Victoria Nyanza. Baker discovered
Lake Albert Nyanza, and found its outlet con-
nected with the stream that runs from Victoria
Nyanza. He thought these lakes should both
be regarded as sources of the Nile. DIR. Living
stones explorations make it nearly certain that
the river flows at a considerable distance west
ward from these lakes, and that its sources are
,g mil IY, .Io
river fed by the lakes in question is
nothing more than tributary of the Nile, the
actual river being further west. and, probably,
identical with the little known stream wlscs
has been heard of as "Petherick's branch of the
White Nile" His report is that the Nile begins
at about the twelfth degree OF south latitude, as
the Chambeze, flows northward through several
large lakes, receiving various local names on
the way, and goes on to Godokoro, Khartum, and
Egypt. Its channel is from one to three degrees
west of Lake Albert Nyanza, making no con-
nection with this lake save through the tributary
which flows from its north end and falls into the
Nile at considerable distance north. There
fore, the river of Speke and Baker, which flows
from the two lakes they describe, is no more the
Nile than the Ohio is the Mississippi. More
over, it is a small stream in comparison with
the Nile of Livingstone.
Petherick's White Nile "a much larger stream
than the Nile of Speke and Baker, has been
traced TO lake situated north of Livingstone's
Nile. This lake extends southwark nearly to
the equator. The Lualaba (Livingstone's Nie)
has been traced to lake which extends north
nearly to the equator. When exploration shall
show that the same river connects these two
lakes by flowing across the equator TO the lake
from which the Petherick Nile issues, this great
work of exploration win be completed
Meanwhile, it seems so impossible for such
a volume of water to go anywhere else
from the point to which it has been traced, that
it becomes unreasonable to doubt that Living
stones theory of the Nile is correct. He re-
mains in Africa to complete this exploration.
On another important point his view differs
from that which has been current. He main
tains that the waters of Lake Tanganyika flow
into the Nyassa, and from this lake into the river
Zambezi, which empties into the Indian Ocean
and visit to the four great fountains which are
said to be the primal sources of the Chambeze
or Nile, on one side, and of the Zambezi, on the
other, is one part of his unfinished work.
If modern geographers could have believed
Ptolemy and his predecessors, they might have
found the sources of the Nile and traced its
course accurately, long ago In ages previous
to the time of Ptolemy the Nile had been ex-
plored and traced, until The whole river was
familiarly known. His geography was compiled
from the works of earlier geographers, and he
gave an accurate account of this river; but we
moderns are too much inclined to assume that
everything began with our civilization, and that
the aneients, excepting the Greeks and Romans,
knew little or nothing. DR.. Livingstone says ::
Gan that can in modern times and in common
modesty be fairly claimed is the rediscovery of
what had sunk into oblivion. The predecessors
of Ptolemy probably gained their information
from men who visited this very region, for he
gave in substance what we find to be genuine
geography" There is a great deal in Africa
besides geography, which the moderns will never
explain until they understand that civilization
and knowledge did not begin with them, nor
with the Greeks and Romans.