The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1872-02-01
table of true population thus raodo up

gives al aggregate or 3S,3Z3,ZlO
to the whole country. Alccka is es-
timated 70 have populaticn Of 70, ,46l,
and the " Indians not tr-ed" ere put
down ut 26I2S6. or tho probable
population CT the couutry but for the
war, on the let Of June, 1870, the re-
port contains the f1uSvinC decidedly
original stetomsnt.
"But for the war, snd for ceu7es
which, whether duo I, tho war or
not, came in ut nearly the a1pGe time,
the population Of the United States
N m'ght have been expected, according
to the asCerta!ncd rates OF increase,
to be In the reigbborhoOd Of forty-ono
and hal! millions on tho 1st OF
June, 1870. The rule Of geoEetricGl
progression has, indeed, been involved
by some to prove that our population,
but for the war, would have reached
forty-two and q half millions. Geo
me.rinnl progression is, however, ct
TIMED in e few things human, and
mGintcjHed l0Dg in none. A better
rule for finding the population OF tho
country would have been by the use
c. the mathematical principle Of diff
ferences, second differences being as
sumed constant. The following table,
prepared by i. Il. Elliott, Esq, Chief
Clerk Of tire Bureau Of Statistics, ex-
hihits the true projection OF the pop
ulati0n Of 1870, according to the line
Of ascent from 1880 to 1860:
POPULATION.
!.S%q?o is l7S5sr ~ ~ @'lsIs7s 'als@.sa 4ll,$%so',
i !5' Gie%,, as@.' '2"@ sSS ~ ,S 5 iaaSeaS aSs
Excluding Indians, as previously"
The popular expectation was that,
in spite Of the retGriation of increase
by the w&r, the ninth census would
show u population of 4O,0OO,0OO. The
report considers the operation OF four
causes growing cut OF the war, which
are ample to account for the loss OF
100000, which make up the differ
euc9 between the rctuGl and the pro-
jected population. These are, first, the
retardati0r Of increase in the colored
popuation, which Is only 1901
against 100000, which might have
been expected. Second, Tho direct
lCss from wounds and disease, "hich
is claimed aa . moderate estimats
makes 100000, in the united armies.
The Confederate loss Is a!go estimated
at 3J0000. Third, the indirect loss be
3he var, from the withdrawal Of a
body CT men averaging l,5OO,NtD in
nUr1ber, between the eges Of IS and
IS, from domestic life, and the conse-
quert decrease il the number OF mar
rlegcs and Childrsn begotter. The
loss by this cHuse must have bccn very
great but no numerical estimate is
given. Fourth, the indirect loss oc-
casionod by the check given to immi-
grafton, which Is r2ckoned at 33O, 600.
The notorious FILLING eff in the num-
Der OF children born to American
parents in th9 Middle and Eastern
States, since the eerly days of the
country, il Glludad to SO tifth cause.
The substantial correctness OF the
enumeration Of the people at this CEN
sus is claimed, and ii is believed it has
been as honestly and carefully per-
formed in every part OF the country
?s 9t Gny tine before.
The real faults of the census are
those not generally complained Of.
They are due to the pracLiced System
of enumeration eStablised by law
Tte period in round numbers Is one
hundred days which the law allows
assistant nar2hals in completing their
returns. Now, where the enumera-
ton OF . people is extended over such
g period q time, dc faCto enumera-
ton is, O? course, impossible. The
country must be content with an emu
meratiOn which affords, in its very nG-
ture, but an approximation, more or
lees ineEact, to the real number Of in
hahitants.
After full review Of the facts ad-
duced by experiences, the report de-
cide3 in favor Of y system which shall
provide r0r q CGmn!ete o umeratiOn of
the whole country in single day, OK
cept the purely agricultural districts
in three days more, with an e1ten-
sion Of thirty day, fox certain portions
of the mining States and territories.
The liability Of duplication under
the present system il noticed. To
test this liability the catalogues OF a
large number Of institutions of learn
NV for 1859 80 We"e recovered, and on
comparison villa the nannscr!pt re-
turns Of the eighth census II was found
that large number OF the students Of
the country we're taken twice, and
some Ofthem three times. They were
taken once 1T the institutions when at
school, ard once with their families in
the towns where they resided, and in
e0ma instances besides ct another
family where they took thei. meals
when rooming at the institution DOR
mitorios.
The report, speaking further ofthe
defects OF the law, objects to tbs super
intendence by United States MGrshals
Of TIE census enumeration; for one
reason, because they aro appoint
ed with reference 70 fitness for
very different duties; end fer another,
that .bc fcrInation OF districts to
which they sro appointed Is deterrnin-
ell by reasons rot ct all in harmony
with refacns which should determine
the grand division Of the country forthe
census enumeration.
at would be impossible,n says the
report, "to find language too strong
for TIE embarrassment which the SER
vice has suffered from this inadequacy
cf tho provisions of law in respect to
compensation. Probably net less
than 2G00 assistant marghals have
beer kept from throwing up their po-
siti,n5 solely for tie ll:r {. incurring
Tie penalty fixed by the fourteenth
section Of the act Of 1850 Before the
enumeration had sell begun, 1t be-
care necessary 10 refuse to accept
designations upon any whatever,
rxceDt of prntracted sickness. III
some districts Il perfect paEic arose
when the difficulties OF the WORK ana
Tive Inesgerneaa Of the pay became
known, and hpt for rigid ref'lsel to
accent ro4ignations, general stam-
nrda would haYe occurred, which
would have mcde It simply Impossible
70 csrry forward tac work. In ccses
where death OF the protracted sickness
ofen assistant made it absolutely nec-
essary to I'll vacancy, tho difficulty
ofpr0viding for tie continuance OF the
wort; has been extreme. Some dls,
tricts have remained for weeks, ana
even for mouths, without n person oe-
ing frupd Ofany condition or charac-