davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13
DEPARTURES OF STEAMERS.

EOR NEW YORk.---Thc Old Fl
L Dominion steamship company'S elc- es=4ss'a
CANT siie-whccl s,cam-hp WlANohE, Captain
o'clock NJ. Freight rcccvcdunl II a. NJ.
Through bills of lading signed, and goods loI'
waret with dispatch 10 AL points north, snliln. cast;
and west Close connections made with CiIard
Line for foreign ports. Passenger accommodations
unsurpassed. Fare. Sl7; stcerage ST.: rouhu-lriP
JOHN VI WYATT Agent.
80 1I-3t No. 3 Governor street.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13
Launching of IL Submarine Torpedo
ROat.

NEW YORK, September ia number OF
naval officers yesterday witnessed the lnuncll-
ing OF the rcwIy.bulIt Submarine torpedo
boat at the Brooklyn mvy-yard. The naval
constructor expressed his diSapproval of the
torncdo. and thinks the boat will Ge unsafe.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13

L'UK NUKF ULN, w lLLIIAHc-ItSYrIIthhaH11
I BURG. AND REGULAR LAND fsnsan-.alss
INliS on JAMES RlVER.-Thc fast AMI comino-
diols steamer rALISADE, Captain lIiAhLEHS
resume her trips AUGUST 27Ill. leaving Richmond
for the above points every TUESDAY, THURS
ID " and SATURDAY AT \. W. ,,,,,
Fassenerrs for Williamsburg land mt Kings Mill
wharf.
Freight received daily lSunlars excepted,
Freight for way landings must bc prepaid. IhSnush
freight forwarded with Dispatch. Train leaves tli>
49, n,, - " ID H. ROG ERS. Agent.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13
YyTILLCOX & GIBB$S
w SEWlSG-MAClIfSES.

uTILLCOX & GIBBS'S
w sEWiNG-MAClIiSEs.
W,rrroy & GIBBS SEwlSG-NACuINE OFFICE
CORNER NISTu AND BANK STREETS,
RICHMOND, Way
4
Dear ,ia.!ain,--The value Of s""ing-'nachine eau
ho ,staru,inrI accurately and bcyo,.d rclldrentup
by giving il thorough ani impartial triai at your
TRIAL
,wu hnin. and TINT you may know all you can oi
The WILCOX 4 GIBRS here freely oier you one
without imposing upon ynu any ohhSai'oh " pun
WITHOUT
chase unless Il proves perfectly satisfactory: no
charge ter lis use or carriage, OF instruct ons apo
CHARGE
IT. Other machines are taken at fair prices FOR tne
Wilcox & Gibbs. also accommodate thoss "ao
AND
wish 10 nur,hase upon the instanenf plan ana VIII
iye full instructions to all at their r.1taences,
INSTRUCTIONS
Bear In mind you are welcome to tho use oS mt
FREE.
CHING free. Yours, very truly ,.,,,,c II
ie 70 stItS Y. ~. "
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13
RICHMOND, FREpEnIcKsBuRc AsDl

PoroMAC ROUTE. June 10, 1872 !
IN AND AFTER MONDAY, JUNE
~ 10th. mall trains on this road will rsn Us fol.
up DAY MAIL, ria rag and steamer. leaves
Byrd-Strect statiunt L. Nj. .G.aH .
UP NIGHT MAIL. ria rail alone, leaves Byni-
Street station p:i0 p. II. except on Sund5ysD
UP ACCOMMODATIONS leaves Hroai-street
station $50 T.. NJ. except an sundays
DOWN DAY MAIL, rit rail- aud sfeainef, ar.
rIyes nj Bvrd.Strcct staton'n n53 L. nj.
Down NIGHT MA l.. rid fnil alone, arrive ~
Byrd-Strpct station, s:55 A. 81. teacfpt on Mob
Down rIoN TRAIN arrive ut
Hrond Street station sS7 A. 81. Except on SUM-.
d,vsI l.. T. ID. MYERS,
So n General SnperinteHdeht.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13

RIcHMosD AND PETEBsBURG. RAILROAD Go'{
RIcnMoND. VA. June 10, ls7a
InN AND AFTER MONDAY. JUNE
" 10th, the TRAISs on this road Will run as ioi-
The MAIL TRAINS leave Richmond % 4. y.
and 1:5o r. 81, aud leave Petersburg nt li;2 a. M.
and s:e5 r. 5I. = zstsaC
FEEiGHT TRAINS, with u passenger eesch at.
tachc1. leave Richmoud ut 4. NJ aud y. a., ana
leave Petersburg at 7:ts A. 81 and 40 <. u,
TbeS A. M. TRAIN viii not leave ktcninona ..as on
Sundays, ard the sab5 II. NJ. NAIL 4TBAiN afa I'D I,n
4. ~ FREIGHT TRAIN win not leave Pstsss''aIs
on Sundays. #Ss
Fare for single ticket. % %
Fare Tor return, tickets. .....ss . W
Corunuafion tickets cJn bc lad al tue fciio"1hR
rates: tises Il
Rlfty-irp tickets fer. =. !. ]. 80 90
.Unc-Iundfed-trip ip tickets for..-....,.t0 ~
Passengers for Norfolk win tl he the 1:s9 y. M.
DAILY TRAIN, and these frani norfolk Will sDn-
meet at Petersburg pitb tho HE'S Al. II. TRAM. i.
Passengers FROM Clover Illil NIL take the go a.
81 TRAIN on Mondays, VpdBesdxTs, and Rrtt.yss
and returning eaye Richmond on the sans days at
j. The aaIL TRAINS VIII stop only ). Chester snd
siaIeM The a. M. TRAIN MIL eonpees al Petersbays
With the Atlantic, sisssitp pi and Ohio ruilroad Tor
lsyagpngI,ls, ispTnI AVS PALACE sLEEPaNs;-cAR viii
no at,ached 10 The I1EoUGH Train af Weidoa,
running tptoasn y y B.EAsEY,
,s,o. Ticket and Freight Agent
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13

DOMESTIC SEWING-MACHiSEC COMPANY
have opcnpd Il BRANCH OFFICE I'm this city for
the sale Of these MACHINES, aud are now located
IN the NEW STORE, 92l Main strcet tsecond door
from Tenth street,.
:. nosy rsTic sEwlNG-alACHISE COMPANY
anon Sc. Otis, Manager.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13

NOTICE TO SHIPPERS AND TIE TRAVEL
LING PUBLIC. s
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13
- IC III Nj o n u AND YORK RIVER
~ RAILROAD COMPANY.

IL RAILROAD COMPANY.
NOTICE TO SHIPPERS AND TIE TRAVEL
LING PUBLIC. s
On and after THURSDAY, August Ist, untll
further notice. imiu leaves this depot nj $50 r. b.,
connecting at West Point with the splendid steamer
HS5 bosos EhApHEEt nSb EE F5s4s AsT wEsf EsEk
; Hs :! I M As; AND :I SATURDAYS
i~ rrd ior r MEs Ricmond r4M y aS 4 the sane hour ar
,,ss t5sht tran H leaves Tus,ays Vs. Thrsdsys, and Sat
oil points N9rtl, and West: and On Mondays Wed.
Biehlnoud and West Point, at a. N.
r1m1 pS Ssya dg '1y h! hlnSs ,TsH Ss6
to all points. No freight taken by pasenser train.
From Richmond to Baltimore. !. 500
From Richmond to Philadelphtn. ............. s5
From Richmond IN New York. ............... 10 so
From Richmond TO Bosioh,all rail II IS
Fro" kGHGonH e BSsteR s is 7'
j. J.. TAYLOR, General 1icketana Freight Agent,
Richmond jy5o
NHESAPEakE AND HIO. RAIL
~ ROAD.-0n and after July lst PASSENGER
TRAINS will leave Richmond rs follows:
s:Sa 4. M.-MAlL TRAIN Except Sunday for
willie with the blange, Alexandria and ManIssas
train for Washington aud North, and Lynchburg
dl5 r. .M-ACCoMMODATIoN TRAIN (except
Sunday for Goronsville, arriving at $50 T.. M on
Saturdays runs through 10 Staunton, arriving. mt II
Z. VI. This train connects at tiordonssille with
the night trains on lhe ,range Alexandria and Ma
l,,.sslS r;lilroadfor LYNCHllURGand WASHING
TON. @ ~ So
train leaves t;ordonsvilIe except M0ndny1a at
e:ls 4. ". for White sulphur Springs, arriving at
l:l6P NJ.
Through tickets, ut low rates, sold to all points
Northwest aud Southwest. .fEs &zEs
Steerage tickets from Liverpool, Queenstown,
Amsterdam. Antwerp, Hamburg, Hayre, R0tterdam
Bergen CcpeDliagenI and Gothenbur2, TO ali points
on this ryt, can DC bought of the General Ticket
Agent at Richmond or can be ordered through any
station agent on the road. iG fgs
Further Information may be 0btained at the Com
papy's Offices.
A. II. PERRY. General superintendent
JAMES +. n ETIiERLAND, General Ticket Agent.
tyl -.aa s,-g,a..s a5Ess& .9nyas
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1872-09-13

S1EWTNG-MaCHINES OF ALL KINDS
- REPAlRED--An The late linrr2yrmeens Pm
'vIiNE our advice to OWNERS of the stoAJ
na, ,,arhiues GEORGE d. SL0AT,
o"s 'h", Successor to
"a "a SI0AT & ADDfsGTOS.s y
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1872-02-24
NEWPORT, SATURDAY, FEB. "a, 1872.

emily upon the stores of food in the soil.
This is partly owing to the structure of the
roots, and partly to II difference in the leaves.
1t is the roots that take up the mineral mat
ters and there is II great difference in roots.
We may divide them, in Il general way, into
shallow on spreading roots. and decp-grow-
ing or tap-roots. The former is well illus
trated in the roots of wheat and other grains.
us well us the true grasses, while the red
clover is an example of tap rooted plant
The length and abundance of roots depend
upon the character and richness of the soil
but whatever the changes in these the pc
culiarities of their growth remain the same
The growth of roots has not yet been thor
oughly studied. 1t is n very difficult task to
follow the entire growth of n root, to trace
out all its branches and follow it down in
the soil. No man has yet been found to do
this completely and Systematically; yet what
is known of them is most valuable. The
development of roots depends greatly upon
the soil If fine and deep. but poor. they 90
far. In rich soil they are more compact,
and also nearer the surface Nine-tenths of
the roots of grain in such soil are within
six inches of the surface Therefore If VIC
undertake to compare the growth of roots
we must be careful to do so in similar cir
cumstances. Roots differ greatly in quantity
and weight, rs is shown in the following ta-
Bile, which exhibit the actual amount in
pounds of the roots and stubble of various
plants grown on an acre of ground. taken to
the depth of ten inches and thoroughly dried.
1t also shows the quantity of their various
mineral ingredients in pounds.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1872-02-24
ingredients Of Roots and Stubbis.

This table is the work of u careful German
experimenter, and il makes some very sur
prising and important revelations. Thus
you see that the weight of the stubble and
roots of clover on given quantity of land is
double that of rye on the same area, and yet
going ten inches deep does not take up more
than one-half the clover roots while it in
cludes nearly all those of the rye. The pro-
portion is the same in regard to the mineral
constituents, and is still greater when clover
is compared with other plants in the list.
Thus you see the great value of clover us II
fertilizer is accounted for in the vigor with
which it appropriates food both from the soil
and the atmosphere. 1t brings up, by its
deep-growing roots the mineral wealth of
the sub-soil, and leaves it in II place and
condition to be easily reached by the roots of
succeeding crops. The explanation of many
other important problems in agriculture may
he found in studying the table attentvely,
and much help in selecting the best rotations
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1872-02-24

The first step towards rotation was what is
called the "nakcd fnlow.r in which the
ground was left idle one year, with perhaps
occasional plowing to destroy weeds and
mellow the ground, and sown with grain the
next, and so on alternately. This is still the
practice in some parts of Europe. After this
came what is known as the three course
system" 1t was known 2O0O years ago, but
came in vogue in Europe in the time of Char
lemagne. 1t commenced with one year of
fallow with manure, second year winter
grain, third year summer gruin,-then fallow
again, and so on.
Up to this time the cultivation of forage
was unknown. Under the three course sys-
TEN the support of domestic animals was de-
pendent entirely upon pasturage. When the
growth of forage was begun. II four course
rotation became necessary. For this purpose
clover was introduced and the growth of
this class of plants dates back only about $50
years in England. The famous Norfolk sys-
tenn was II four course rotation, consisting of
O clover or grass, (2) wheat, (3) turnps,
(D barley. This course in some countries
has been followed for centuries. The newer
Norfolk is five course rotation. consiting of
; CD clover, (2) wheat, (3) turnips, (4) oats.
(5) wheat or barley.
This rotation, with the aid of commercial
fertilizers, has increased the average grain
crop thirty to forty per cent. There have
also been devised longer courses, up to ten
or twelve years. Whichever system is con-
cluded upon. the tillage land is divided up
into ms many fields as there are years in the
course, and the cultivation so managed that
one follows the other in such an order that
all the different crops of the course occupy
the different fields each year, changing an
nually until the course is completed in each
j field. and then repeat.
The reasons for any particular rotation
depend upon the particular character OF the
soil, convenience to markets, and the adapt
edness of different crops to succeed each 9TH
er. They are modified by the effect of tariffs,
the cleanncss or foulness of the land rs re-
CARDS weeds, and various other reasons. 1t
is not impossible to grow some crops on
some soils continually. without rotation.
Barley has been grown uninterruptedly in
Greece, on sandy soil, for 5000 years; wheat
in Egypt for II still longer time; so corn has
been grown in Mexico and rice in China and
Japan, sometimes with fertilizers and some
times without. But the tendency in nature
is toward rotation The vast oak forest in
which Charlemagne once hunted is now IL
pine wood. We see the same tendency in
our own country. Rotation was known to the
Romans; Virgil alludes to it.
There is an adaptation of plants to succeed
one another, owing to different habits of
feeding the same as is shown in animals
We know that we can keep more animals of
different kinds, cattle, sheep and horses,
than we could of . single kind--one takes
what the other rejects, and some feed closer
than others. We rotate our animals in the
pasture. So with plants. They draw differ
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1872-02-24
Reported for the vsRNsSr FARMER.
ROTATION OF CROPS.

ABSTRACT OF A LECTURE BEFORE THE VT.
BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. &c. AT BUR-
LINGToN, JAN. 25. 1872, BY SAMUEL w.
JOHNSON, PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN
THE SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, New
HAVEN, Conn.
Professor johnson began by saying that he
should speak of Rotation mainly in connec-
tion with the chemical principles involved
in it. Rotation lies at the foundation of mod
orn improved farming, yet 1t is not always
strictly necessary. There are two kinds of
farming, both of which may be practiced on
scientific bass, yet differing in principle.
One may be styled Intensive" and the other
Extensive" farming
Intensive farming may be practiced in the
vicinity Of Cities or in densely settled dis
tricts, where the markets are good and fertil
izers abundant. In Intensive farming ma
nures are supplied abundantly, and the con-
dition of the soil constantly kept ut so high
pitch. that the same crop can be grown
successfully year after year. Here IL true
rotation is not required, though II change of
crops occasionally may be advantageous.
Extensive farming, on the other hand, is
suited to region where land is cheap, labor
scarce. and capital small. Here rotation
comes in rs an Indispensable adjunct of good
farming In principle it depends upon the
facts explained in the previous paper upon
:" Exhaustion OF Soils" (see VERMONT FARM
Err for Feb. lO.) where it was shown that
when the soil has been temporarily exhausted
by one crop, (say ro0ts,) of the materials
necessary to its perfect growth, another crop,
(say grass, or grain) requiring to some eX-
tent different materials, might succeed it and
yield well.
Rotation Of crops has been practiced for IL
long time. The earliest husbandry was pas
toral, but after II time increase of population
rendered tllage necessary. At first this was
done by breaking up and planting piece of
ground for IL few years, until it ceased to
give good crops, and then changing to anoth-
er piece, and SO on. This system has pre-
vailed extensively in our own country, par
ticuarly ut the south. But when it became
necessary to keep II portion of the ground
in continual cultivation it was found that
grain crops, especially, would not succeed
without rotation.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1872-02-24
NO.. 12.
may be derived from it.

may be derived from it,
Besides drawing soluble matter necessary
for their growth from the soil. the roots of
plants actually exert II solvent action upon
the soil itself. This is Il fact that has been
recently denied, but ii is one that cannot be
disposed of by mere denial. The question
has been carefully studied in GERMANY Ex-
pcriments were made ut twenty different
experimental stations. Equal quantities of
II soil made by mixing pulverized sandstone
and basalt, first thoroughly washed to extract
all soluble matter. were placed in boxes
lined with zinc. Seeds of different plants
We're sown in these boxes, the soil being
carefully protected from dust, and watered
with pure water. One box was left unplant-
ed, for comparison. The plants grew, and
when they had reached the fullest develop
ment the circumstances admitted of, they
were taken up, burned, and the ashes anayz-
ed In every case it was found that there
was great increase of soluble matter which
had been made so by the action of the roots
upon the soil. 1t was also found that some
plants made twice us much soluble matter
as others. And although all Tho pots were
treated alike, with the exception of not sow
ing seed in the one reserved for comparison,
was found that the boxes containing plants that
acted least upon the soil presented double
the soluble matter of the implanted box. This
latter contained some soluble matter, the CON
sequence of the action of the air during the
time the experiment lasted. The surface of
the soil in all the boxes was kept carefully
covered with carded cotton.
The leaves of plants are important organs
of nutrition Leaves differ much in their
characteristics Some are narrow, and offer
but little surfnce to the air, us in grains and
grasses; while others, like clover and the
various root crops have broad and numerous
leaves which absorb much from the air
They also differ much in the duration of
their leaves. The leaves of small grains. and
many grasses die early in the summer, while
those of the broad lcavcd plants continue
active through the season. AS much as
ninety-five per cent. of the entire dry weight
of some plants is taken from the atmosphere
by their leaves. OF 60 pounds of wheat So
pounds came from the atmosphere through
the leaves, and two pounds from the soil
through the roots. Plants take up carbon,
their principal constituent from the mir in
the form of carbonic acid. But although
large proportion OF the mir consists Of nitro
gen, and nitrogen is essential to plant growth,
they arc unable to take it from the air. The
nitrogen must be in combination, not pure,
as in the air, before plants can assimilate it.
When in the form Of ammonia, nitric acid,
or nitrate of notush and of Soda nitroUpu tan
be taken by the plant. The nitrates of potash
and soda (potash and soda saltpeters) are
formed in the soils, sometimes very rapidly,
(as was explained in the lecture on Exhaus-
ton of SQjls.) Some plants, rs clover, do
not seem to require nitrogenous manures,
although MS the table shows, they contain so
much. They have the power of taking it
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1872-11-08
LETTER froIn Leesburg,,..

Correspondence of the Alexandria Gazette
LEEsBURG, Nov. I've feel badly used up
here, but the Wing, part of us, who are old
enoug oh to remember the times before the war,
take it more philosoph ically than some Of the
others. However, the beat is so clear and de-.
cided that we throw up the sponge, realizing
the fact that we have come to the political ZAP
potomac" as r..Lloyd called it repeatedly IN
his speech at the Circuit Court. We are again
on our parole, and Gen. Grant, is not the man
to see us interfered with while we obey the
laws and mind our business.
The horse disease is upon us in full force l
think if left to my own resources would take
a gallon of sassafras roots, 1.-THE bark of the
roots wash the bark, put it loosely in a gallon
measure, pour water over it., boil it down till
the liquid was reduced to quart. | would
then give it as warm as could bear my hand
in it to one horse, and would be prepared with
cloths and several men to help to rub OFT the
profuse sweating that would follow, and L
then feed for few days on bran mash, and l
do not think it would require more than three
days to effect cure if the animal is warmly
sheltered [ have tried this remedy in bad
cases of founder. It completely reaxes the
humors in the body. | would at all times use
plaster in the stables and in manure hear to
fix the ammonia, and make it useful in feeding
the crops generally. Lime will liberate the
ammonia and aggrarate the evils produced
by it. .,.IlL r .Aa"'. ::
Caution.-I have not a horse in the world,
but several hobbies, one of which is that road
taxes save to the community at least twice
every year what that community pays 10 taxes;
aud another is that is better to stick by old
Virginia till the cows come home. j Nv by, |
will try to tell soon,- I,;:l uABIoUIs..'
WAR IN THE EAsT-If there is any truth 10
the figures given by the New. York Tribune
with regard to the military resources of, Corea
and Japan, war between those two powers
will be tolerably serious affair. Corea is
credited with population of $1,000, 900,
standing army ofGf0,O09 men and navy of 200
vessels, Japan has population four times as
large, and many Of her soldiers are armed with
the most effective weapons used blythe Western
nations, They area courageous people, and
their civil dissensions have taught them at least
the elements of the art Of war AT this dis
lance the cause of the quarrel is not entirely
clear 1t seems that from very remote period
the Tycoon Of Japan exacted tribute from
Corea,. During the late revolution the pay
ment was stopped and the Tycoon was so much
occupied in taking care Of his dynasty that he
did not resort to compulsory measures. Since
matters have Quoted down at home the Japa-
1ese Government has begua to look after the
arrears due from its tributaries. Corea has
been asked to pay up, but she answers that she
owes nothing and at the same time presents a
counter claim for allthat has been exacted since
the invasion by Taico, in the sixteenth century.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1872-11-08

Porfrio' Diaz has sent in his submission to
the Mexican Government also that of the
forces under his command. The. document is
dated October 3d., near Durango, and the
General promised to present himself at the
capital This, it is said, completes the pacif-
cation of the country. Lerdo. de Tejada has
been elected President, without show of OPP.
position worth naming. 1t is reported that he
intends to restore the late revolutionary chiefs,
Trevino aud Diaz, to their former rank in the
army of Mexico.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1872-11-08

The Presidential election in the United
States was again the principal topic of the edi.
torials in the London newspapers yesterday
morning. The prevailing sentiment was mani
testify favorable to President Grant and his ad,
miuistratiop. A subject ofeeomplimentary no;
tice was the orderly manner ip which the cleo
ton was conducted under the existing cir
cumstanees.oaMuch surprise was expressed al
the completeness of the Radical victory and
the heavy maorities given for Grant