New-York tribune., 1872-08-28

-, ,t.,a ,broughout the country, a resolution was
offered by tho standing committee recommending tne
appointment of a committee to memOrlahEe OohEio9 W
mo subieet of collecting the results OF the geoioglc
surveys of the different States and Territories ana pun
1bins complete geological map or atlas OF the whole
on,rv. said committee to consist Of the directors OF
all ,be state surveys who are members OF the Associa-
finn both OF present and suspended organizations inc
commit;ee on making the geological surveys OF tne
states uniform consists Of Profs James Hail. A. MN
chelI T. Sterry Hunt j. 8. Newberry, and e. Z. Swallow
chairman to these is added Prof Pierce, OF the
Coast Survey.
BIrUMIsoUs COAL AND IRON MANUFACTURE.
Prof L. b. Andrews of Ohio, the State Geologist pre-
sented paper coal of both scientific and practcal
interest The universal law of the accumulation of coal
strata seems to horizontal by water
levels The proof of this is in the marine organic remains
found in the coal itself aud its associated States This Is
more particularly true OF camel COAL which IL of'en rc
in forms OF ngula and fossil fishes. In addition there
is distribution through of coal OF horizohtai
layers Of fine sedmentary matter which constitute 'o
oay partncs of the seams The subsdence which carries
down the area of the cOalmarsh " may be 80 caeu'
is widespread in its character and equaDe IN lts
ment having tendency to continental rather 'n'n
local character The result OF this gives nOIlLoht
parallelism to all the seams or coal a te
formation and this is equally true where one i
is formed over another making seIi toD " ooes coal
seam has been accumulated on ta sn ton cond
al
not take place. because IL wOud De tta side ~,
establish the conditions OF accumulation On thos hat
hill Hence it is impossible IN tne since ter
subsidences must take place In parael ies, or
otherwise would involve very unequal Of
very limited area amounting indeed 70 conNus1h VI
nature which is almost incredible For examP&e & ro t;
Andrews has yet to see two seams OF cOai oO W b M
apart in one place come together III announcer W. n ~
distance of a mile a few miles so as 10 make one @
seam though the contrary has often Deen ass y
other explorers. The apparent exception W tni d - 80
where small local basin of coal has been formed ana
Consequently filled In with clay sediments hhu aiVel
that new coal seam has been esta9llshed Ao nu W
the BASIN and continuous with its edges. ,h, ,ho
II has hitherto been TO some extent conceded tat te
snidacaton OF coal Is exceedingly STOW process anu
,% nnnn,ap notion rs that there has been complete ac
cnmnatOn of series OF layers OF cOal, &C. ohb
thorough hardening takes place ha e nroes Of olid
fcation making completed coal is conpaiatey IaP & ~
coal seam by rapid current of water the small DOw-
ders washed by il over the covering stratum oI sau
few feet above are complete coal, having an ahguar
fracture some being still sharp the edges ana some
being slightly waterworn These powders III tuIn nav
eSain heen coyered by subsequent depOsOns and are
found at considerable depths near the base Oh tue coai
Thee are three leading varieties OF bituminOus coal
the ordinary resnOus cakng COAL the spnht anu ne
camel coal These pass into eaeh 0ther Dy anost III
pereepble gradatons The Tesnous 9oal seems " ar D
assumes and splint and camel are moulned Iors Io
camel coal having lost all trace OF sraeue, b "a
very abundant. The ash OF Goals Is tue Orgal I0 S
ganic matter of vegetation, often increased p{ seu
me noy The Lowest percentage OF ash observed by
prof Andrews In OHIO Goals Is on per cent sulphur
IA found IN all Goals. being part OF the oEglhhl
organic compounds combined In part with lrOn as
IRON pyrites-suphuret of ironthough not necessary
40 combined as Prof. WOrmleY has abundantly SHOWN
in his chemical examination of the Ohio survey some
times the sulphur is 30 exclusively combined WIN te
more bitumnOus element OF the coal as 70 pass On ei
firely with the gases the operation OF cOkng leaving
the coke almost pure as charcoal Goals Oh TINS nu
are specially adapted to the blast furnace te sulphur
of in the top OF the stack without detrinent 10
:he iron Coal for the blast furnace, II useu III tne raw
state must be a dry-burnng COAL so as not 10 eAptnu
in cOkng, and thus choke the furnace Inc eV @ u ha
dry burning Goals has tendency 10 DC ess mn tnan
that made from the more bitumnOus OF Gazing
and conse0uently will not so well sustain In the blast
furnace the weight OF the superincuOeht VI
the charge The coke made from the softer Goals IKE he
Newcastle OF England and the C0nnesVe Oh resyr -,
yania has hard, einGerike formation, enaOhng ~ 70
bear the burden OF furnaces OF great hgnt tnoG o @
land sometimes exceeding 100 feet AS pIdctlcal nae
ter it is absolutely necessary that lron-nasterss
should adapt their furnaces to the peedr PnS
using. high furnace with weak tehuer iuel &
simple mechanical contrivanees the vertical VI
the burden be relieved, and the coke at te pottQ
of the furnace be allowed 10 rest lightly ana not uhuer
heavy weight; thus securing the most intense anu Pea
feet OF the carbon at the base OF e urhaoe
Prof c. A. White OF Iowa CITY gave seheraa al shetch
of the geology Of the state OF Iowa IN Nhlen ne ste
that of its coal measures was greater tha the
entire OF Massachusetts The occurrence OF
III the northeastern portion OF Iowa nc regards as ol e
Potsdam aT mngro @, tSe state Covering an area
OF at least 10000 square miles 50 deeply TN Is no
through. PrOf. swallow tnllhS "@tOS
cediug from this State went to the Pacinc
SYMPATHETIC VIBRATIONS.
Prof Joseph Lowering Of Cambridge, Mass, gave an
interesting address vibration, illustrated by an eA'
pertinent. IL was presumed that the members were
more or less familiar with Mllde's experiment with a
tuning and vibrating thread This optical method
of Mide very much improved by using large bar OF
iron and perpetuatng the motion by means of magnetic
excitement the vibration being thus maintained for any
. cord Oh feet fn ia Inns
thrown into vibration. When the first suspension
bridge was building in England fiddler offered to fiddle
it away Striking after another he eventually
hit its vibrating note fundamental tone and threw II
ers had to beg him TO desst. Only recently bridge
down under the tread OF infantry In France who
ment Is often referred TO OF umbler or small glass
vessel being broken by the frequent rhpetton OF some
be true that certain German tayernkeepers increase
their custom by the occasional performance OF this
feat. la the Talmud there rs curious question
raised TO what would be the damages II domestic
vessel were broken by noise mado by an
Lowering here exhibited two pieces OF elockwOr each
giving button a circular velocity OF rotation. These
are TO turn cord much as shpping-rope Is turned
The rotation twists an ordinary cOrdor uutwiss IL,
the may be-and 10 avoid this twisting tape -
substituted and twisting or rotating machine Is placed
at each end The chief difficulty remaining Is 20
have the machines twist in unison. which Ia difficult as
the two pieces OF clOckwolk vary ro eaoh QUIET Due
the whole the experiment Is usually satisfactory
The tape stretched across the stage ana the machines
IL placed al each end III the string Is TOO
slack for one segment OF vibration 1t subsidies into parts
each having vibration similar to the other. Tho tighter
the string drawn the fewer the segments OF harmonic
vibration. The string started with hye waves or seq
mens of vibration. Drawn tighter these were reduced
to four three and finally two segments the modal point
In each instance between the remaining perfectly
uumOVed. With shorter string the first HARMONIC
note was reached and ultimately the fundamental note
or single vibration exhibited Very high harmones
were shown by OF very flexible string with
high velocity dividing the revolving tape into very
numerous equal segments of vibration, or as the Pro
fessor preferred To call them, harmOnics.