The Placer herald., 1872-08-03
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION IN ITALY.


Since the new order of things has taken place
IN Italy, technical popular education is regarded
rs subject of the greatest importance not only
by the government, but by the people at large.
In this kingdom the technical schools of in.
struction are classified in four divisions as fol
lows: lst, Superior technical instruction.; I'd
Technical instruction Of the second grade; Sd,
Military and Naval schools; 4th, Popular schools
Of mechanical arts trades, etc., and industrial
lrawing. The first division embraces the Royal
Italian Industrial Museum, Turin, and three
superior special schools, viz: school of COM
merce at Venice, school of agriculture at Milan
md school of navigation at Genoa. The first
and highest of these, the Industrial Museum,
was founded in 1885, but was afterwards, in
1869, thoroughly re-organized. 1t has three
Institutions Of learning, viz: A Physical laDra-
tory a school and laboratory for chemical tech
nology, and a school with hall and garden
nexed for mechanical experiments and the ex
hibition of machinery. The above institutions
,re well supplied with collection of apparatus
Of the very best kind, one part of which is used
FOR measuring temperature, moisture, etc; the
other portion consists of various apparatus foi
the industrial application of light, heat and
Electricity. There i'd found here also machine
with utensils and substances necessary for ex-
periments in electricity and photography There
are, in the Hall OF Mechanical experiments,
mach mes to illustrate the different operations in
wood and metal work, and others used in various
Industries Machines for testing force resistance
and labor numerous. There are here, too.
several machines for the weaving of cloth and
FOR cotton fabrics, for the kneading of clay, etc.
In the museum also are arranged, in the most
perfect order different objects in iron, zinc tin.
lead, copper, etc., showing first the metals in
their original FORM and under the various phases
Of treatment, also objects which constitute
articles of commerce, artistic pieces, all the
chemical products derived from these metals
through their various solutions and preparations.
Porcelain from Italy, Berlin, Vienna, Copen.
hagen and Worcester Raw fibrous materials
COR textile fabrics hold prominent place here,
being the most important and richest collection
in all Europe. 1t comprises silks from Italy,
Algers, India and Japan, woods from all parts
of the world, and cotton and other fbrous mate
ials of every kind aud variety; specimens OF
treatment. The museum affords space for speci
mems of wood from all parts of the globe. Tho
ugar industry is well represented, specimens
It in its raw state are here from the West Indies
and in its refined state from Bristol and London,
ls we'll a very large collection of beet suga'
from France Austria and Germany The col
lection of chemical products, comprising oils.
soaps, CLUES. gums, resins, acids, alkalies. salt
and dye-stuffs is attractive and worthy of notice
The number of scientific and technical periodicals
taken in the museum is l20.
In order to bring technical instruction to the
HIGHEST perfection. Notwithstanding the f,cit'cs
afforded in the Royal museum for the attainment
Of that end, three other schools Of superior
Grade. rs mentioned before, with the same
ohject in view, have been founded by the Minis
Ter of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. The
achool Of commerce was established by royai
lecrae in 1869, and is supported by the govern.
ment. the provincial government. municipa.
authorities and Chamber of Commerce collect
ively Judging from the course of studies
adopted in this school, we are. indeed, forced
into the belief that in no other country of Flu
rope has industrial instruction reached such
high order Of excellence. The course embraces
| modern European languages and the folowint
Oriental languages: Persian Turkish and Arabic:
n addition to which thorough instruction is
also impaired in knowledge of goods, book
keeping. commercial law and practice, com
mercial statistics. merchantile international and
industrial law, commercial economy and history
If commerce This institution is exclusively
intended in the first place to fit men for bust
ness, second to educate competent persons as
consuls for foreign MISSIONS and lastly to edu-
cate able heads of industrial enterprises and
teachers for these studies.
The Italian government. not satisfied with the
proficiency to be attained by persons intending
to'he educated for foreign consus, from the study
Of the present course. have lately added largely
~ and recognized the consular course The
following branches have been added: Civil law.
Penal law Constitutional law, Political econ
omv and History Of Treaties. The number o.
students in this school in 1870 was l09
The superior school of agriculture was found
ed by a decree of April 10th. 1870 at the ex-
pense Of the provincial and nlnnc'cpal eGtinori.
ties, the general government in the mean time
Granting an annual sum of So 900. The institu
ton will have courses Of agriculture. and, as the
Italian people are placing their entire reliance
On industry and the tiiling of the soil, may
infer that the courses will be thorough and com.
plete; one thing moreover is certain, that ihe
people will not only endeavor to advance agr.-
culture scientifically by teaching in their schools
agricultural chemistry, ETC., but also practically
by experiments and daily manual labor in the
field The institution will have Normal school
OF an experimental character attached for the
purpose of educating professors Of agriculture
TO be sent into the provinces 10 lecture and teach
the masses.-Taksn from the Circular of the
Bureau of Edtcation.
T To be Continued.