Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1872-01-27
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MAINE FARMERS nv COUNc1L. % s%.
PANS, WEDNESDAY,, Jan. 24gsa
10 the Editor Of the Journal: gs
The Board met at 9 o'clock A. ~. Psesi-
dent Gilbert in the chair. eos ysja9 I'D
The morning hour was devoted to business.
Mr.. Sweat Of Oxford. moved that psrnar
| nent committee be appointed BY the chaie. lsoq
Committee on time and place Of next meet
ing: soeF9f % asd ssa9>ie
Messrs. Goodale of Saco, Boardnan u Aa.1
! gusta, and Fernald ofOfono. q asa.9a5 5aa
| Committee on Pay Roll-M essrs. Gilbert of
| Androecoggin, Perciva al of Maine Agricultural
Society, and Lucas of Somefset - ~ le76sa7s
| On motion of Mr.. Scamman Of Cuuabsr.
| land, 1t wss voted that Prof. Fernald aof
Ofono, and Secretary Goodsle b deleeateSto
| represent the Maine Board II Agrieu1tuYe q
the National Agricultural Association, to ~
! held atiW Washington, d. c., February IS, 1872.
Professor Fernald presented the method u
treatment adopted By Mr.. Arey Of Hampdsn,
regarding pastures. He devides them into
several departments, changing the stock Nom
| one to the other, from time to time. He tafbss
under, say lot No. /, when there 10 about kalf
ton OF grass upon an acre; cultivatss head
or grain crops year or two, then lays dewR
| to grass he thinks farmers err in feeding toos
closely; the secret lies in taking the stock on
before the feed il closely cropped. 5as9as
4 President Gilbert thought Mr.. Arey had
| better attend the sessions, and make personal
presentations of any thing valuable hs nsay
have, and expressed hope that Mr.. Arey
would in future meet with the boatd. Mr.
Arey seeds with herdsgrass and clover. g1 "a
A discussion followed, participated IN by
Messrs. Scamman of Cumberland, Thing of
Mt. Vernon, John Stenton Gould, Of Hudson,
! n. Y, Prest Gilbert, Parkhurst Of ArOos.
took, Goodale of Saco, and others. a'aFz
| Discussion on orcharding was opened BY
r. S. Gold of Connections. Vic Presideaf,
Sweat in the Chair. Omitting the mere fancy
products, The speaker confined himself to tie
culture of the apple and the pear. He sid
where nature has not provided loose sub
soil, 1t is necessary to underdrain, in order TO
convey away surplus water, and also TO rive
the roots q chance TO strike downward %
deeply as they desire. The aspect for or
chards should receive due amount of atten.
ton. Preparation Of soil is essential. TIE
cultivation of such hoed crops a. require high
manuring, is advisable in orchards where the
soil is such as to admit working. In planting
an orchard we should not look merely ct The
present, but to the future. The preparations
VI HOitS IOI setting tIeee eHOuk0 OCCUPY p8fs
| ticular attention; should be broad and high.
est, on the bottom in the center sloping sent-
ly to its edges. Carefully cut back shoots to
half of last years growth on the shoots, snd
| cut every root sloping and smoothly. Trees
from two to three years growth are best for
transplanting select the trees from the
| nursery yourself, if possible; those with we'll
balanced, even tops, and also Of roots. Nufs-
cry men do not always trim trees in the best
manner for our wants. II il just as welIto
select proper varieties with proper prepare
ton Of top and roots in fact it 10 wisdom. 70
taking unfortunately. Would prescribe NO
fruit for different localities until acquainted
thoroughly with all attendent peculiarities Of
soil and climate. Thinks early fall planting
far preferable to late, and perhaps % con-
ducive to good results as spring. Roots in
transit should be protected from freezing, and
they also should be carefully protected from
dryness. Illustrated by referring to trans
planting forest trees, and especially ever.
greens. Handle trees carefully. In trans
planting, put roots in natural positions, and
loom carefully about them. Recommends
using water to settle the earth more firmly
about them, in moderate quantities. All ami
mails should be excluded from fields devoted
to tree culture and 0rcharding. Calves are
especially detrimental to orchards. 41sn3
The culture an orchard should receive Il
a much mooted question among fruit growers
He would occupy the ground when trees are
small, with potatoes or some other head crop,
giving plenty of room about the trees unoce-
pied. He thinks plowing, as usually conduct
ed in orchards is as conducive to damage ~
| to benefit. Thought orchards MAY be sue
cessfully managed, even where grass ID a.
lowed to grow, especially where the trees are
large. He would pasture such with hogs OF
sheep, placing some protection about the
trunks Of the trees; would exclude the ami.
mails in the latter part of the summer.
In selecting trees avoid one that forks.
They never make as desirable trees 70 others.
He recommends shelter but net to exclude
ventilation. Evergreens make the best shell
ters. Prune little and often, and prune early
| and judiciously. DO it mostly with the knife.
Winter gives peculiar facilities for this oper.
alton; make clean, smooth cut not too
close, neither leaving stump. Remove Ill
suckers each year. and keep proper amount
| of growth upon all sides to secure well bal
| anced head.
Great care should be exercised in harvest-
ing; gather the fruit by picking from the tree,
not from the ground.
| The cold wet ground in which trees are
placed is conducive to the many ills, and per.
haps the parent of them all A late, vigcr-
| Gus growth. late in autumn, is to be avoided =.
The insect enemies which We have to con-
tend with to the backbone, are the canker
worm, the borer, the tent caterpillar, the ap-
pie worm and the apple maggot.
He spoke ut some length upon the habits
and devsstations of the borer; also spoke
Of preventatives, but gave nothing new upon
the point.
Col. Harvey Of Lincoln, inquired how far
apart he would place trees in an apple orch
ard!
Mr.. Gold answered, from 80 to 40 feet.
Mr.. Lucas of Somerset, inquired how many
upon an acre?
| Mr.. Gold said about 40.
| S. F. Perley of Naples followed in some
remarks: said Mr.. Gold had confined him.
self more to general then to specific princi-
pies. Considered him good authority and had
been very much interested in his remarks.
Spoke particularly Of the production Of apples.
Much time and effort has been wasted Upon
unsuitable sites. Would select . northern
exposure; yeasons, better soil, and deeper,
| Best soils for orcharding, are lime stcnes or
granite, forest sand, stiff clay and muck.
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