The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1872-02-18

sious VI course nave TO he dispensed Wltu tuOugn
the necessity In fact arises solely from the as
suIned captivity OF "the prisoner OF the Vatican"
AS regards Archbishop Manning, indeed, we were
itte surprised, not that the Pope should De ready
10 promote him, but that lie should be DESTROYS, II
ne IL DESTROYS. Of accepting an honor lkelv 10
hamper has action and 10 imperll rather 10 enhance
ms influence IN his own country. Cardinal Wise
man whose genius was greater than his common
Cardinal. and was not lite disappointed, II not
sonred At Finding that ms new dignity conferred no
s Senr rr RANK or position IN england, and
out the sanction OF his own could not
be recognized by the government al all, so mat all
Bishop Grant. OF southwark, instead OF himself Dr.
Manning Will he under no such Illusions, and
mission to accept ms new title, which was, we be-
iieve, asked ana obtained IN the case VI Cardinal
wed: he y, however the pest Judge Of what will
and higher status In Roman Z tholic society
coupled with the revcrsionary chances Of influence
III future cOnclaves may perhaps seem a sufficient
compensation for the drawbacks OF a princely
rank which VIII not be recognized and cannot be
lad aside. For II Is curious circumstance, ana
one which oddly illustrates the composite charac.
Ter or the Papacy, that the highest position the
Roman Church next TO that of the supreme anu
iniaIlible POntIlf Is secular and not spiritual
once, which may be- and often has been, held bv
aymen: Inc whole history OF the institution IS so
recall It at q time when the anomalous Court IN
which Cardinals rank as princes OF the blood
IL passing through m0ment0us, II not nnal.
crisis OF us long and cnequered existence. 1.-THE
Catholic Church, said NJ. About In n 5 peculiar
Cardinals. in memory Of The twelve apostles This
Is not quite an accurate account or the NATTER
preston among Catholics Protestant a. to the
de flctO government OF the Church. But when we
ruled Dy twelve apostles came to fall under the do.
mnlon OF Pope and seventy Cardinals the answer
can hardly be compressed INTO the limits OF an
For many centuries, even after the Bishop OF
Rome had attained In practice to position or I'M
challenged supremacy IN the Western Church, his
election was dependent on the joint action OF the
Whole civic community In Its threeiod division-the
Till the middle OF the eleventh century that Nicolas
Ill., acting under the inspiration OF Hlldebrand VINO
WAS soon N 10 succeed MN on tne papai
undoubtedly was-which transferred the election
of the supreme Pontin from large and mixed
prominent place, to small ecclesiastical senate
nominated by himself alone The preamble OF
fusions OF former elections as the cause for this
ment0us change, DEGREES that hencelorth the right
Shall appera1n first to the Cardinal Bishops then to
tSsF scaaie;sSence: !, About century Iaier
thirds OF the COncave essential to valid election
and this provision still continues in force. The
present composition OF the Sacred College Is fixed
by later enactment. daring from the reign Of
Sixtus ", IN 1885, which limits the number OF men,
fty Cardinal Priests and fourteen Cardinal Dea
cons. It must however, be remembered that the
nomenclature nome Is purely technical; a Cardinal
case with Cardinal Antonelli at this moment,
and many Cardinal Priests are bishops. On the
not in priests orders, as was for many years the
sase with Cardinal DandinL VINO was also, while
according to Moroni, been Cardinal Bishops who
were only in DIAGONAL orders The fact Is tnat the
card,naii ~ title u purely secular one;
as the Court is strictly ecclesiastical one all who
habit aave yemau the ssoss
MOnS1gnori, Tor instance, many or whom are
laymen, dress as priests, and cannot marry
nation for Cardinal as sucn, and he only requires
the POpe's permission to return to secular lie and
AS recently as iis5 Don Luis Of Bourbon WA" was
named by Clement XII. Archbishop OF Toledo and
Cardinal n at the mature age Of eight and sixtus
There are several Instances on record where Cardi
nails in holy orders have been allowed to renounce
grounds. Only two centuries ago Casmir, brother OF
the King OF Poland, who was both q Cardinal and
marry his brothers. widow, on the Jewish principle
Of "rasing up seed 10 his brother" Several other
instances occurred IN the same century OF Cardinals
fact is mat this hybrid dignity, wnlle not sacred
Is yet as belonging to the Papal Court an eccesi.
astical one. 1t Is conferred on laymen Oy o legal
fiction OF appointing them for twelve months, with
an obligation OF taking deacon's orders within that
period, which. however can be renewed totes quo
by the penary power or the Pope, just as French
Pr0estants were invested with the Cross oil St Louis
for ntnety-ntne years, when their right to wear 1t
would forfeited il they remained in heresy. 1t was
however ordered by o Bull OF Plus w. that Carul-
nails not In deacons orders should not vote IN con-
cave; put this exclusion IS explained In later Bull
OF Gregory Nv to he subject TO Papa dlspensatiOn,
and accordingly the Cardinal Archduke Albert who
afterwards married, voted In the election OF Slxtus
V. by virtue OF special license from the late Pope
II was the express wish OF Plus TX: that all the
Cardinals should be at least In deacOn's ORDERS and
there are accordingly no members OF the present
College below thar order
GUAR as their position when created. They pass,
30 to speak, through a chrvsalis and an unnedged
state OF exstence-il sucn confusion OF metaphors
may be allOwed-beOre the fully developed butter
ny displays Its painted wings. First there are the
cardinals IN pettO, who are eventually destined by
The Pope to tnat high dignity, though. no one but
himself need know anything Of the fact 1t was
usual at one period for the Pope to mention
done by Martin v; but this imperfect PRONUNCIATION
did not entitle them to act as Cardinals. Then the
practice was adopted OF simply intlmating IN Con-
slst0ry the number, but not the names, or the per-
sons designated Tor the purple which mad no other
effect than TO limit the range OF the Pope's power
10 belong to the Sacred College. custom has
since sprung up OF the Popes writing out III sealed
packets the names Of Cardinals promoted 1" petto.
however. Is not bound to carry out his
wishes IN the case OF MS death, ana does
credit OF supplying the first example OF Pope an
nuing his own IN pettO nominations, and that, too,
alter 1t had been formally ntmated by letter to the
nominee, who was, moreover, by tar the most dis
Italian ecclesiastlc Of the present GEN.
tury-Rosmini. The future Cardinal after receiv
nag notice TO make preparations for his public re-
;eptiOn, not only found himself summary rejected.
but his latest work. published by the express direc
Tor the chrysals or in lettO stage OF development,
from which a freshly named Cardinal energies into
what was formerly kind OF n0vitate, during which
he is called cardinal ore clause. invested with
the dignity, but debarred from all active exercise OF
mouth" Eusenus ". declared Cardinals in this
state incapable Of voting in Consistory but the re-
y XIV mas ruled Sa
CARDINAL as distinguished from those