Worcester daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1850-1888, 1872-01-16

the origin OF neither OF these. No man certainly
will claim that one Of the senses was developed
from another. FIVE can find the original cause
or causes of one, we shall have the agency
which produced them ALL What then was the
origin of the eye2 Mr.. Darwin himself declares
he cannot tell. He says: How nerve came
TO be sensitive 10 the light, hardly concerns US
more than how life itself began" If, however,
sentient life was developed out of mere proto-
plasm. il is certainly a matter of very great
concern how that miracle was achleVedl
3. The theory docs not explain the origin of
instinct. Instinct is something very different
from sensation. II is higher power. Ii is
new power. That power which can construct
the domed nest of the pheasant, or the straw
built citadel of the honey bee, is incomparably
greater and nober chan mere sensation. Whence
the origin OF this? Mr.. Darwin cannot tell
He says: " In what manner the mental powers
were first developed in the lower organisms. is
as homeless an inquiry as how life first began y:
4. But reason is higher than instinct and diff
ierent from instinct Reason is something new
IN the world as we ascend in the scale. The
great difference between mere instinct and rea-
son Is clearly pointed ont in all our works on
metaphysics, and Mr.. Darwin himself speaks of
ii as enormous" What then is the origin of
this new power? Mr.. Darwin thinks that rea-
son may be developed out of instinct. But his
reasoning here is the bareSt surmise. He fun
nlShes no facts whatever of any value, on which
10 base has opinion. That in the course of mil
hons of ages there have been very slight yarla-
lions in the physiological structure of animals
IS proven by comparison of fossils with living
forms, but no such variation in the instincts Of
animals, whatever, has been shown; excepting
Questionable cases under domeStlcation. But
any modification Of instinct under dumcstca-
zion argues nothing, because here an external
agency IS involved, which is ruled out of the
case, by the theory itself. Dlrwinsm denies
all outside independent intelligent agency in the
DEVELOPMENT Of new forms.
.. Higher than reason is the moral sense.
This MIR. DIrwn acknowledges is entirely pccu-
liar TO man. He says: "Man in this respect dir
fers profoundly from the lower animals If,
then it is not in the lower animals, but is found
in man, whence did he receive it2 Mr.. Darwin
SAYS it may have been developed out of,the social
affections. Granting this, though it is a heavy
assumption, whence the origin OF the social al
Iections? He thinks these may have been born
OF the parental andrulal affections Whence
then tbesa} Mr.. Darwin does not know He
says: with respect to the origin Of the parental
and tilial affections, which apparently lie the
basis Of the social affections it is hopeless to
speculate. Mr.. Darwin then cannot account
for the origin of moral sense.
o. Again, there is a faculty higher even than
the moral sense. 1t is the religious faculty
This is something entirely different from the
moral sense different in essence, different in the
proper objects OF its contemplation, different
confined to man, and, being constituent in the
very make of the human SOUL is universal; no
nation, no tribe where this element of the moral
constitution is not found in some form. More
over, as man advances in civilization the faculty
seems to become more decided and more dCmi-
nant. Whence this faculty? We maintain that
the development theory gives no light.
Z Now it should be noted that these wonder
lul attributes successIvely given to organic be-
ings are not mere arithmetical additions. Or
game eXlsences the moment they receive these
remarkable endOwments become nelc beiRQs. A
new principle is introduced into the whole
economy OF life and action; new relations are at
once established between all the parts; nay, so
far as we can see there are new creations!
s. Let now all organic eXistenceS be divided
according TO the classification indicated above
First, mere pIotoplasm; second, all sentient
life and nothing higher; third all instinct life
and nothing higher; fourth, all reasoning life:
and fifth, all life endowed moral and religious
faculties. Now, it is manifest from what has
neen SAID that between each of these classes of
organizations there IS a chasm of separation
over which no development theory, even as a
theory, can. SO far as we can now sec, possibly
pass. Mr.. Darwin is compelle to admit this
himself.
8. Prof. Dana SAYS, and all our best geolo-
gistS agree, that the system OF life began with
species of al least three sub Eingdoms, viz: Ra-
dates, mousks, and articnlates. Mr.. Darwin
himself admits this, and thinks besides that the
plant creation commenced with three or four
different types OF being. These various types
then could not have been developed from one
anOtherl
TO- The moment that animals from a common
stock become differentiated, by variation, to the
extent of well defined species, nlertiitv begins
and If differentiation is continued, nlerfiity be.
comes absolute, IN the ease of crosses between
the earliest and latest forms. Mr.. Darwin saws
of this fact: after mature reflection, it seems
to me that this could not have been affected
through natural selection, for it could have been
OF no direct advantage to an animal to breed
badly with another individual Of different va
riety and TINS TO leave few offspring, conse-
quently such individuals could not have been
preserved or selected
II. Again, the development theory is based upon
existing variations. Granted there are no yaria-
tons in animals, then there is no longer any
development theory. Now il should be noted in
regard 70 these variations themselves, which I'M
derlie all Mr.. Darwin's reasoning:
a., That immense periods Of time are re-
qured TO develop them, in even the slightest
degree. Mr.. Huxley says the crocodile has
changed since the chalk period ia matters so
small as to be dscerned only by GRAINED eyes, "
Yet he says the chalk period dates back Count
less ages"
~, That Mr.. Darwin cannot explain the
agency which produces these variations. He
says: eve are profoundly ignorant Of the cause
)t each slight variation or individual differ
ance
y. If, then, these variations are the necessary
anteoedents to the production of new races, the
agency which caused the variations was the
real agency which produced the new races
Natural selection is no agency. 1t means simply
"the survival of the fttest." 1t supposes bene-
fetal variations already existing. What then
produces the variations? This is confessedly
unknown!
10. If millions of ages are required to produce
a variation in the crocodile so slight that the
kecnest scientific atumen is needed TO find it. by
the rule of three, how many millions of years
would be required to develop crocodile entire
on the one hand from a sea weed an how
many more to get him up, on the other hand,
into Daniel Websterl But all these countless
ages the crocodile family have been living and
dying. Where are all the intermediate types?
The earth should be filled. Where are they?
Mr.. Darwin has another theory, that they eX-
list and may yet be fonnd. Here is Baconian
reasoning for You; one theory resting for its
support upon another theory
IA. Man is chiefly distinguished from the lower
orders by his mind. Man IS emphatcally men
tality. IL he came from the brutes, why should
we not look for development Of instincts and
higher mental powers, along with increasing
perfection in his bodily organs The two should
advance together But, VIGOROUSLY, the gorilla,
his pretended progenitor, does not compare, in
pOiHb Vi luttill4tucC Win DdUN OLuef ANIMALS,
as tue beaver the elephant, the dog or even
with the honey bee and the ant in mechanical
instincts.
10. Certain animals possess very peculiar organs
totally unlike those of any other species: ORGANS
without any antecedenls whatever in nature.
Such as the electric battery in the gymuotus.
the luminous emnatiOnS in the freely: the
poisonous secretionS in some reptiles. Sc
Whence the origin oil these? Mr.. Darwin saws
in relation TO the electric organs of the gymno-
tus, at is impossible to conceive how these
organs were produced" Then because more
common, are the organs of respiration, Of circu-
laton, of digestion, in all mammals, any less
wonderful in a scientific and mechanical point
OF view, and is their origin more patent to the
scrutiny CT scencel If Mr.. Darwin will be
honest he knows as little how these organs were
first formed as how the electric battery of the
eymnotus, or spark Of the freely were first
originated.
l6. Granting Mr.. Darwin's hypothesis, that all
organic beings came from one or two or three
pflmordlal germs, there is manifest plan and
providence ia this wonderful evolution. This is
SHOWN by lnnumerable adaptations between Or
gahlsms which could not have produced them
ny nieracton or reciprocal influences IT, then
there is plpn IN all those new unloldinas of life
mentioned above, and if, according TO the theo.
~ ~ question, these grand and novel phases of
life have been produced by an unknown cause
let rs suggest that an unknown agency. which
at the same times involves q plan is very likely
70 be an intelligent one! If an INTELLIGENT one Il