davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

Col. McCLURE's petition. contesting
the seat of Col. Gray, was referred to the
Judiciary Committee of the Senate. That
con. mit;ee produced majority and mi
nority report. The majority report rep
reseuts that the petition having been re-
ceived more than ten days after the or
ganization of the Legislature, that body
cannot receive it. The minority report
set, fort, that while the letter of the law
is confined to general elections only, that
the spirit of tbe law is as applicable to
special elections as if the letter of the
law SO defined it. The Senate has not
yet disposed of the case, eight days
time being extended. 1t is not clear that
Mcclure, as a contestant. will be rejected.
The right of petition and contest may be
said to be sacred rights, ana if technical
ities stand in the way Of the free exer-
ciee of them, they should be Speedily
removed.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
READING MATTER ON EVERY PAGE.
Headquarters Republican State Central
Committee OF Pennsylvania.
IHILaDELPI,, Feb. 5 1872

In pursuance of the resolution of the Re-
publican State Central Committee, adoped at
Harrisburg. January 18Th. 1872, Repulli-
can Sirte convention, com:osc1 # delegates
from each Senatorial and Representative dis
iIlci. in tn uumberto which such districts en-
titled in the Legislature. will meet in the
Hall OF TIE House of Representatives. at
Harrisburg. at II clock, noon. on Wednes-
day. the 10th day Of April, A. b 1872, 30
nominate candidates for Governor, Judge of
ihs Sapiemc Court, Auditor General (should
the Legislature provide for the choic. of one
Il. tie peope, and an Elec toral Ticket and
also 10 elect Senatorial aud Representative
delegates TO represent the Slate in the Re-
Juhl can National Convention, 10 be held at
Ibilsd-iphia. June 5. 1872
RUSSELL ERRETT, Chairman.
vs.. ELLI0rT.
y. r. HorsrOS.
EzR, LIKEs-,
7. N LYLE,
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
$40 Acres Of TimberIand.

situated on Shade Mountain, Jnniata county,
known AZ the Cain tract, well set with pine,
white oak. and chestnut oak timber This
tract is within one and half miles Of the
new railroad leading from Lewistown on the
Pennsylvania Railroad to Sunbury, and is
valuable on account of the ties, lumber and
bark on The above described tract.
Any one desirous of viewing either of the
above premises win be shown the same BY
calling on c. J. Chamberlain. residing on the
first described premises. or the subscriber,
residing in Fermansgh twp, Juniaia county
a good and sufficient title and possession
given ON The first day of April. 1872 Terms
made known on day of sale by
.,--., 4 WILLIAM GIVEN
Assignee Of C. ]. Chamberlain and wifi.
Jan 26, I872-5w
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

JOHN BURNS, the independent hero Of
the battle Of Gettysburg, died some
days ago, of pneumonia The Press
says: Few of us forget how he fought
in that battle, the turning point Of the re-
bellion how, clad in uniform Of Of bis
own-a brigbtblue swallow tailed coat.
long buff vest and knee -breeches, with
a high bell-crowned white hat covering
his gray locks-he fought, not under
orders, but as an Independent force, com
manded by himself!
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
For the Sentinel.

Open the doors of the soul and let in
the sunshine. 1t will not injure the
plants there. They need it, and car
never flourish without it.
"a merry heart lives long" So says
the proverb, and We believe it. Melan
choly diseases have ended the existence
of many. who have always looked upon
all things as trouble that differed from
anticipation. When the troubled present
arrives 'tis time enough for sorrow
There once lived darkey that could never
enjoy anything for fear of what might
happen" There are too many like this
poor old fellow, because We refuse life as
it comes and pay interest from the fu-
ture. If we could only live by faith -
There is so much in this world to make
us "rejoice and do good" Why do we
scramble and toll to gather mama for
days yet to come, when we have the
blessed promise that it will come daily,
by faith and works.
An all wise Providence has provided
pleasures for the ever raging desires Of
mortals, and it is we'll it is go. What a
hub-bub we would live in, if We all bad
the same sense of happiness. The Scotch
man was not far wrong that remarked
after reading the saying Of Solomon,
SNOW is beautiful in its RICH" AYE nae
doubt it was beautiful to you with the
rich vines and lasees, U Jerusalem sit
ting side you, but had you been a poor
lone mon. you would have thought nae
such thing" A good meal to this work
ing man would have made him far hap
pier than TO own all the people. riches,
or kingdom" We want more sunshine
in every transaction of life Live to God
and charity to all men will bring this re-
ward. Religion was never intended to
come by long faces and making broad
bylaction. Pleasure would make no i'm
preston upon if We were to close our
eyes to it; but then is added the iniunc-
ton live temperate in all things" The
entire matter is summed up iu that one
sentence. To take one drink of wine is no
sin, but we knsw ~ no drunkard shall in
herit the kingdom of Heaven. A merry
laugh at the proper season il no Elm. but
to giggle and simper in the house of God.
when the mind should be employed with
higher and heller things. is not right.
So it is with pleasures and amusements
Of all kinds. The most innocent can be
made the most wicked by different cir
cumstances.
The first miracle Christ ever perform
ed was at merry making, and with the
material that has caused thousands to 20
the way Of destruction. But we have
strayed from the subject. sunssipe, hap
piness is what we are talking about. and
not whether this or that is wrong. Con-
science will watch over us if we give it
the privilege. knowledge. truth. and
faith will send the vibrations of true
mirth through our hearts. and difFu.e it to
those around us in the purest affections.
EUREKA.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
a1f,r advertisements.
Health! Strength! Viigor!!!

FOR COsTivENEss, BILLIOusNEss and
Liver CoNPL,INr use DR.. HERRICK'S
SuGAR-COArED VrGErABLE Pills, the
best in use.
FOR PAIN IN THE BACK OR SIDE, OR
RHEuNArIsM, use DR.. HERRICK'S
KID SrRESGTHENIN ING PLAsrERs.
FOR CATARRH, or COLD IN rBR HEAD,
use DR.. PERKINS, FUMIGAroR.
FOR all LIVE Stock use HARvELL's
CONDITIONS POwDERs.
The above articles are among the best in
the market.
Satisfaction guaranteed or the money re-
funded.
Sold by BANKS & HAMLIN and KEPNER
& son. Agents, Miflintown. Pa. and DR.. P.
c. RUNDl0, Patterson, Pa, and the trade
generally.
--'--' L. W. WARNER L CO.,
81 Murray Street, New York. =
Feb IA '72-3m /"
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

Hon. Henry S. Evans, Republican
Senator from the Fifth District of this
State, composed of Chester. Delaware,
Montgomery counties. died at his resi-
dence on the evening of the 9th Of pneu,
mona. The death of Mr.. Evans leaves
the Senate tie.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

TIE cause of the disease of the stom-
ach and bowls that has afflicted the peo-
pie of Harrisburg, for some time, has
been traced to the reservoir, where, it is
said, the contents of sewer or two have
been delivered How that can be is a
mystery to us country folks.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

THE olde-t minister in the Methodist
EPISCOPAL Church, of the uuted States
the Rev Peter Cartwright, aged 81
yoars-.was stricken with paralysis, on
the 5tl inst, at his home in Illinois. lie
has been in the ministry GS years
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
REPORTS from Canada state that

REPORTS from Canada state that a
treaty exists, beteen Canada and Eng
land, for the separation of the former
from the latter. This report has given
rise TO the belief that should any serious
differences arise between the United
States and Great Britain the latter gov
ernment would proclaim the independ-
ence of Canada, and by that means be
relieved of the necessity of defending
the Dominion in case war ensued.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

PHILADELPHIA has been excited, with
IN the past two weeks. over the charg-
es Of certain parties, that the grand
jury for the present term had been pack
ed. A searching inquiry by Judge Lud-
low failed, however, to reveal anything
that would warrant such an assertion.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

FRENcn dispatches state that the com
ui'tce appointed by the Frence Assem-
bly,. TO examine into the cause of Mar
shall Bazline surrender of Metz, have
obtained proof of his treachery to the
republic.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
AtrOcious Proceeding Of Highwaynen.

PiTTsBURG. Feb. 9.-Morton j. Car.
penter. of Texas. was knocked down by
three men last night in Z. Liberty St..
and robbed of 500. lie was then plac-
ed on the railroad track, bnt he recovered
his sences before the train passed over
the spot. 4.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

THE rumour of trouble beta cen this
country and England, had an uufavor-
able cff cts IN American bonds in Eu-
rope.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

A girl in Buchanan, Mich, is said to
be the first to take advantage Of leap
year. She proposed to good looking
dry goods clerk, but be declined with
thanks.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

a Large assortment Of Queensware, China
IA ware, Glassware. Crockery ware, Cedar
ware, &C., for sale cheap by
TILTEN & ESPENSCHADE'S
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

The French President Theirs was
shot at on the 5th inst The would be
IEurderrr escaped.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

Col. FoRNfY has resigned the collect
'orsiip of the Port of Philadelphia. To
hold that office, he thiuks, restricts him
10 much a a journalist.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

THs explosion of gas in Luzern county
colliery, on Thursday a week, killed
three men
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
arm adrertisfmsnts.
Notice Of Aupeals.

s. Notice Of Appeals.
AJOTICE is hereby given that an Appeal
IN will be held 1t the Commissioners Of
ice in Mifaistown. for the West side Of the
Junista river on Tuesday, March 5th, 1872.
and for the East side Of the river on Wed
nesday, March 9th, 1872. All persons who
feel sggrieved by the last assessment, either
in personal property or military, may attend
if they think proper, or forever be debarred
frem an exoneration of the same.
By order Of the Commissioners.
JAMES DEEM, Clerk.
Feb. 12-td ..-.-e e....
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

nE>P,TCHGS from Nrw York state
that sm ll-pox is on the increase there.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
GEO. P. R0WELl & co, 40 Park Row, New York
AND
S. N. PeTTENsNt L & CO., 81 Park Row, N, Y,

Are our sok agents in Pat city, and are au-
theritcd to contract Tor advertising at our
lowest rates. Advertisers in that city are re-
questcd to leave 'aeir favors with either of
the above houses.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

THE French talk OF making Thiers
Pr sidcnt for life.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
LOG DWELLING HOUSE,
BANK BARN. Spring House, and other out
buildinps lso
SEVENTEEN ACRES OF WOODLAND,

SeS1N'SIN HSuCS VI WOOUlhNU,
in the same township, adjoining lands of
William Wright and others. Also. the follow
ing property, situated in the borough of Pat
I tersOn
No. l. A House end Lot situated on Path
street, now occupied II Michael Mitchell.
| No. 2. A Two-story Frame Dwelling Housa
on Tuscarora street, nov occupied by Samuel
Rollman.
No. 3. A Two-story Dwelling House On the
same street, occupied by Samuel Fish'r.
No 4. A Two-siory Dwelling House Cd the
same street, occupied by Jacob M.hlon.
No.5. Two-s.ory Dwelling House on the
same street, occupied by Daniel Notes.-The.
No. s. A Two-story Dwelling House on the
same street, occupied by Johu Doyle
No-| a Two-story BRICK DWELLING
HOUSE AND STORE-ROOM. situated on the
corner Of Juniata snd Tuscnrora streets
Main street, near the river bridge, occupied
By L. Kingsley.
No. 9. A Two-story Dwelling House ad-
joining No. :, occupied by Mrs. McNeal
No. 10 A Two story Dwelling House ad
joining No 8, occupied by Jacob Wise.
No H.. a valuable Lot situated on Tusca-
rora street. used as a Coal and Lumber Yard
Also. all the interest of George Goshen in
Lot Of Ground situated in Ferrnanagh twp.
Juniaia county. used as a Coal and Lumber
Yard also, the Building on said Lot.
Any person desirous of viewing any of the
above premises, will be shown the same by
calling on either Of :he undersigned
TERMS Ten per cent. of the purchase
money to be paid on the day of sale. snd the
balance on the lst day of June, ls72, with
interest from day of sale. Possession given
on .he ist day Of April, 1872.
Sale TO commence at 10 o'clock 4. ". Of
said dsy, when attendance will be given by
........ II ". GRONINGER,
f .s c. b. HORNING,
Assignees of George Goshen and Wife,
Jan 29, ls72-5u
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

THE Democratic Passive Policy is
gaining friends among the unterrifed.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
The New Congressional Apportionment.

Congress has passed an apportionmept
bill. The following table represents the
DID, or present, and the new apportion-
ment:
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
Flour and Feed Always On Hand,

Stove Coal. Lime burners Coal. and Black
smiths Coal always on hand at the lowest
prices.
RAILROAD TIES. LOCUST POSTS. and
ali kinds Of Country Produce taken in e1-
change for Goods and Coal. for which ths
highest market prices will he paid.
: e<A- Persons wishing anything in our line
will hnd it to their advantage 10 give us e
call. as We feel assured that we can accom-
moda,e one and all.
George Goshen IS onr su,borized Agent
All business transacted by him wiz. be &C.
knGwledged by us.
DOYLE & MARLEY.
Patterson, Jan. -, 1872
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

y
known as the Elder Tannery. Consisting of
GOOD STONE DWELLING HOUSE.
Large Bark House, Dry House, and Fin.
ishing House,
Situated in Miffiintown, Juniata Co. Pa.
within one-foprth mile of the Penn'a Rail
road st Mifiiin Station. The Penna Canal
passes close by the yard. This is the best
location in the county for bark. hides, &C.
The Tannery is in good working orde-, and
consists of 81 watts, 4 lceches, 2 lines and 2
bates Capacity, 1000 sides yearly. Also.
prime lot of Chestnut Oak Bark, sufficient
TO run the yard until the new crop comes in
Any one purchasing the Tannery and wish
ing to work in stock heforc the LIST of April.
can have the privilege of so doing by fully
complying with the conditions of sale
Also, at-ths same time and place will be
q Ia q
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
O YES! o YES!
II. n. SNYDER. PerrysyilIe. Pa.

Tenders his services to the citizens Of Jupi-
aia and adjoining counties, as Auctioneer.-
Charges moderate. For atisfaction give the
Dutchman a chance F. O. address, Port
Royal, Juniata Co, Pa.
FEB I, '12-1y
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
ASSIGNEES' SALE OF
VALUABLE REAL ESTATE !!

THE undersigned, Assignees of George
L Goshen and Ann D . his wife, will sell a.
public sale. At the residence Of said George
Goshen in the borough Of Patterton, Juaiata
Co Pa on
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

~ Hsndpills for public sales printed on
snort notice at the SENTINEL OrYrcE.
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
SATURDAY. MARCH 2. 1872.

The following real estate. to wit Farm
in Milford township. said county.
within q miles of the Pennsy lvania Railroad.
adjoining lands of John Cunningham, Grin
Groninger, Peter Shiiz and others, contain
in~
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14
Eighty-Nine Acres,

more or less. about I5 acres cleared and in
good state Of cultivation, and the balance
well Set with timber The improvements
consist Of n comfortable
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

republi,
Juniata sentinel. [volume] (Mifflintown, Pa.) 1846-1873, 1872-02-14

name. lney were named tue meetings
of the "Joint High Commission The
commission fixed up a treaty, and that
treaty was called the Treaty of Wash
ington 1t provided for the appoint
ment of board of five arbitrators, who
shall have all matters in dispute between
Johnnie and Sam brought before them
for consideration, and as the arbitrators
decide so shall the matter be accepted by
both countries The arbitrators are to
meet soon at Geneva, Switzerland. The
Emperor of Brazil sends one the Pres
dent of the Swiss Confederation sends
one y; the King of Italy eends one; the
Queen of England sends one; President
Grant sends Mr. Adams as arbiter. ana
Mr.. Evarts and Mr.. Gushing as counsel
for Mr.. Adams before the Geneva board
Our friends came down from court and
said that Johnnie had depatched to Sam
and asked him if he was agoing to have
his arbitrator to ask for damages for all
the loss to our commerce or if he was
agoing to coufne himself to the actual
damages committed by the Alabama,
Florida. Georgia and Sbenadoah. If the
last it was all right, but if Sam insisted
going into the arbitration with a full
claim for the damages done by the burn
ing and robbing of the ships by the
four named vessels, and also for the
American ships that were driven ou. of
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1872-04-18
80 Cents and Sl.OO.
Augusta, April Is, 1872. aprlS-t&w

The most becoming styles of Jewelry worn at the
present day are JET or SHELL. They look well
with any suit OF garment, are never gaudy and oar
prices make them inexpensive. To introduce our new
goods to the fullest extent throughout the country
we ofer our beautiful New styles of Jet Ear Rings
~ 90 cents ard u 90 each; and at the same prices
handsome new patterns of Shell Ear Rings or Pins
reese Popular Prices place the goods ofhin the means
ASK FOR THEM. Thousands of ladies in all parts Of
me Sountry VIII testifyto their Elegance, Dnrabili-
eM Dy mall, postage paid or express, as parties may
a a' parties prefer cordially Invite all to
sh =. p pur store or we will send to your address
70 state when Kind Is wanted) ENCLOSE THE
PRICE, win name, city town county or state
'our 0iue's VIII oe hiled promptly and forwards
WATERMAN & co,
,s. 10 Winter street, Boston, Mass.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1872-04-18
called the Republican. It advocates the prin-

called the Republican. It advocates the prin-
ciPies Of the Union party, and favors- the re-
nomination Of President Grant.
d Another convention is to assemble at Gin
cinnati on, the first of May. 1t is to be COM
posed Of George Francis Train who proposes
to put himself on the Presidential track then
and there.
Ex-Governor Jewell OF New Jersey writes
letter in which he denies being delegate
to the Cincinnati Convention, ard says that
he shall support the nominee of the Philadel-
phia Convention, who he believes will be
President Grant.
The New York Commercial Advertiser
says: -zsSenator Fenton will follow Greeley {;
they were lovely and pleasant n their lives,
and in their deaths they will not be divided
at Cincinnati fA
The Springfield Republican announces that
there will be Massachusetts response to the
Cincinnati Convention, in the course of the
week, and it adyertises for parties to fill the
front seats.
Said Carl Schurz in 1865, when his chances
for election to the United States Senate were
jeorardzed by local discussions in the Re
publican ranks ''To become tool in the
hands of the common enemy is about the
lowest point of political responsibility mem
Der of the Radical party can reach in this
crisis, whatever his personal grievances may
be-" Out of his own mouth, therefore, he is
condemned for his present attitude. The
situation is not materially altered.
The Philadelphia Bulletin says: Those
gossips who are pretending that Andrew G.
Curtin is coming home from Russia to take
part in the opposition to President Grant, are
much mistaken. He knows too we'll the feel
ings Of the people Of Pennsylvania, who still
love and honor him, to think of abandoning
Grant. Their personal and official relations
are of the most friendly character, and if
Governor Curtin comes home in time for the
campaign, if will be to advocate, not to op-
pose, the reelection of our worthy President.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1872-04-18

The failure Of the investigation urged
against Secretary Robson by Charles A
Dana is complete The Globe Washing.
ton correspondent says that Dana ..showe ed
by his own testimony that he had not the
shadow Of a foundation for his caluminous
charges The result of the present inyes-
legations throughout has been strangely
atvariance with the results of other SINH
lar ones. The Covode investigation wher
in closed. left stain upon the democracy
which that party has never been able t.
eradicate That into Willard Fillmore,
Administration, in 1852. SO damaged il
that at the succeeding election it was re
pudiated by the people. But the Infamous
character Of Danas attacks is acknowl.
edged even by the democrats. When he
was put upon the stand his memory sud-
denly. forsook him; facts he had not, and
he eonId not give the name Of single
wifness who could assist in proving bis
nopstrops allegations"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1872-04-18
Marrien.

In this city, 18th inst, by Rev. Mr.. Lenngwell of
Gardiner, l.. A. Shattuck, NJ. D., of Biddeford, to
Miss Ella +. Mosher, of this city.
In this city, 10th INST, by l.. n. Ttcomb. Esq,
William Larrabee to Miss Mary +. Mariner, both
of Augusta.
In this city, 18th inst, by L. II. Titcomb, Esq,
Josiah II. Scates to Miss Mary +. Weeks both
Of Windsor
In Calais, Sd inst, James A. Walls to Mary Allen,
both OF Calais.
in Damariscotta, Both ult., Capt. Oscar 5. Yates,
of Bristol to Miss Della Hoffses, OF Damariscotta.
In Bangor, Nov. 9Th, 1871, Bennett Morgan to Hell.
en- S. Newman; Nov. 30th. Hiram 4. Silve to Mary
E. Washburn l4th inst, Edmund W. Bah to Mrs.
Hannah j. Buker, both Of Hampden.
In Brewer, l4th inst, Samuel Eollansbce to Miss
Lizzie Sparrow, both of Brewer
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1872-04-18

There is loud and general complaint
that the Liberal republicans" are using
the names Of distinguished men to ad-
vance their movement who have no SYM
pathy with it and are supporters of Presi-
dent Grant. In New York and Pennsyl.
vania several prominent men have ex-
posed the cheat practiced upon themselves
and the public, and declared their opposi.
ton to the Cincinnati scheme over their
own signatures. There must be lack OF
material among the Liberals" when they
feel compelled TO resort to such dshon-
est course as this. And if this is sample
OF their honesty they might as well re-
form themselves before they undertake to
reform the nation.