The New York herald., 1872-12-22
"A s I A
England or RuSsia---Which Shall
Rule the Continent
Caspian Sea to China-Ths
Policy Of England.

The vastness OF the British Empire has some dis
advantages, one of which is that the government
and the people OF the mother country engaged by
questions In one part OF the Empire, are very apt
TO forget equally important questions in another
part. While the Ballot bill occupies all minds at
nome revolution may be silently preparing in
andfs while India is engrossing attention Austria
ia may De passing through a most eventful crisis;
and 80 on. or course q great safeguard against
this and other dangers is that the colonies should
be taught to take care or themselves in place OF
leaving that task to the mother country, already
Overborne by the many home questions demanding
It's attentions and TO this policy OF making the colo
nies more and more self-dependent public opinion
- more and more tending every day and is indi-
Gated by the recent article Canada in the Times,
quoted In your issue Of November 10.
But there are some dependencies OF England in
which this policy OF developing the native
power OF selfgovernment and selfdefence
cannot yet with any safety be applied. India
s one OF these dependencies. India, II 1t is to be
kept, must be ruled aespotically Tor long time to
come; u is child, ready to rebel at every moment,
which has to be constantly watched by Its guar
uan, the government OF England. And India Is
are most likely to saner detriment iron from the pre-
occupation or the carelessness OF the government
at home In the opinion OF some people very i'm
portant instance OF this neglect oI home interests
has just recently occurred.
;. Every one knows that the only two European
Powers which have really any foothold In Asia are
England ana Russia. Now, when the future OF
Asia is discussed, the very first question sug-
gested to the mind il, Shall Russia or England be
the mistress Of the Continent shall they hold 1t
p0inty In subsection This momentous question
mas been brought prominently before our notice
py recent events. Up to the last few years the
country known as
MAS entirely subject to the Chinese Empire.
violent religious policy was by cause or
Dther excited among the Mussuman subjects or
sss sSe ass Emps na%ea ons
pr those extraordinary men made to
the Of great Ieoes se s a
new, independent kingdom has been formed with
Sakoob Beg as King: Yakoob Bey has shown that
Enan those OF the warrior. The Chinese rule Is not
avery benefcent one and the effect oft exchange
government by Yakoob Bey IS described as very
remarkable. Now Kashgar the kingdom OF
Hakoob Beg, is the extreme western point OF the
Chlhe8e Empire, and almost touches the northern
part OF India. Between the confines OF Russia, at
The southern point where it leaves Europe, and
tcaled Khanates. 1t needs but glance at the map
Of Asia to see the immense Importance of the tract
a line drawn through utS this "t tract AA would
almost bisect Asia. And the Importance Of this
tract OF country Is as great in commercial as in
military aspect. The people are very anxious to
lwhere humanity swarms ana where here the most
price from people ignorant OF their value, the
European dealer would be able not only to sell q
barge quantity OF his goods, but also to sell them at
So much being said about this tract let us now
Esee the different nes OF policy adopted by the two
IEurOpean rivals for the domination OF ASIA Russia
Doegan with the Khanates or these Khanates there
rare three--Bokhara, Khokund and Khva. Russia
land their goods should be allowed to pass into
slnd to pass through the Khanates free Of duty.
t-oops against the unwse soveregns and sSort
tsme half the Khanates had been added to the
20 be a spss and tine sa was t
ehe scvereigns should be subject to the Czar Khva
now renamed: And here It would be thought was
the moment, IL ever, for the Intervention OF Eng
ern borders OF the indian Empire. or the three
s w sSe % ).
allowed to lall Acting upon this natural train OF
against the Russian Empire. The petition OF
Khan SO IN an is s e
Russia has subdued Kniva as the reports
nition against Khiva had been withdrawn; but
1t is now more than likely that by this tune the last
OF the three Khanates has met the same late rs the
BRITISH INDIAN DIPLOMACY.
SO much for the conduct OF the two gov
ernments with regard to the Khanates. Now
Tor their conduct with regard to the new king
dom Of Kashgar. When Yakoob Bey had esta6-
lished himself firmly upon the throne, one OF his
Ing q political and commercial alliance between his
Eerritory and the British government IN India.
CaCutsa. asking the British government for its
friendship and Tor the favor OF visit IRON
British onicer In reply 70 these these o1ers the
pushed member OF the civil service. TO the court or
Yakoob Bey. But, unfortunately when Mr.: For
having gone to suhdue some troublesome netghbors
on the eastern frontier Of his territories Mr. For
gyth'e INSTRUCTIONS we're 70 stay certain length Of
tore the return OF Yakoob Bey. The Ministers OF
Yakoob, who had treated Mr.. Forsyth with the
stay until Yakoob's return; but Mr.. Forsyth re-
fused and went back to India without having seen
sbste the Yakoob's desire for alliance with Eng
land, for, Immediately after his return he sent q
90 the matter rested for some time.
RUSSIAN POLICY.
Meanwhile Russia had perceived what an i'm
mense advantage IL would be to have tree entrance
for her merchants into Kashgar and through kash-
into .v China aent 1aeasa
ADOPTED towards him by England. Instead OF wait
lng for an embassy they sent one 70 him, and the
result is that commercial treaty has been con-
cluded between Yakoob Bey and the Car OF Russia,
and thus In the line fr0m the Caspian Sea to the
frontier OF the Chinese Empire Russia meets with
nothing but states which are subject or friendly to
her. And -
WHAT IS THE CONSEQUENCE TO ENGLASDs
On the one hand her merchants are put out OF O
highly important market by the sagacity OF the
Russian government. This is the direct effect OF
recent events; but are not the indirect effects
much more important' Russia Is now on the
threshold OF China Now, whatever their diner
united on the one point Of hatred TO England.
Under these circumstances, do not recent events
point to o future danger to the supremacy
or English trade in China2 AND, then. the loss OF
prestige-and that In q continent where prestige
may be said to be literally everything For what
but prestige can enable the 20OOO0 English In India
to keep In subJcction population OF looooo,ooo OF
peopef
These are the views which one would naturally
expect to ind expressed In the English journals;
and yet to your astonshment, you discover that
the sentiments expressed by the Times, the leader
or the English, are exactly the very reverse OF
those you expected. The advance OF Russia Is
thing net to be feared or mourned over. English
men ought rather either look upon it calmly or
even rejoice over such an occurrence, Is what
English journals say. That do not exaggerate
the tone OF the Times You may see from some cx-