The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1872-03-16


1000 persons and $40. 0oc 900 OF capitaL IL Is an
absolute necessity Of life. Ihis industry must be
im9ciiIlei BY any maritime Power the domestic
supply Is ample and the product 10 cheap IL Is sold
per pound Our shermeu. w iss must comSete
with foreigners have their salt 10 erect
any ss Gr they are paaw Western nrUSs
and its production. Transportation and use repre-.
sen, aoo Eysry part OF i r labor me raw
I9YSTALLIzED- SALT.
II 70 labor IN the fcrnliag oil SALT IF labor IS TO he
proiecled why should abor-producing salt be cx-
ccpted! There is now 4 dufy on sale Of eighteen
cents per nuodred pounds, or 1883 than one-li!h OF
ge pc, VIM MT ~" ~ 1n look for
revenue. IL yields over one million OF dollars, with
little cos ans. absolute CERTAINTY. II you look to
more properly han the duty on salt The duty on
sli. does ado TO iiIs cost OF The article on the
lii the West; but II duties are 10 be levied only on
articles the manufacture OF the East. how long Will
tney stand II me revision Of the taria must be
pied. II special exemptions from uty are applied
to one article vi domestic produce they must be
applied to all. VIC may stand upon exemptions
tom duty on
A.yIclEs rnNr We cASSor PRODUCE :.
but yOu caunOt stanu upOn special exemptions on
any artclc ,nat We can and ought To produce
Free coal and free salt mean free iron and free
woollens. You may discriminate IN rate OF uu'y Dy
reason vi cost, huik, capacity oil production aud Tor
oher causes, ana Tor them yO1 ma. properly re-
dEcc the duty. hut YOU cannon make the arIicie
revenue Or a pre,coIive tariff II Is
said that coa and salt are r0w articles. Every
OF the uiHci. salt of the boiler -evcrg commodity 10
Oay the raw oass OF otter Industries; cloth Tor the
tailor, tools for the farmer machinery for the
manufactures, and all OF them are the raw article
OF The merchant. therefore conclude thai whether
we regard ne dry on coal and hal. as revenue
tireiy repeated, ana, therefore. thu House bills
ought not to pass, AZ 10 the duties on
TEA AAD COFFEE,
their repeal Is simply a question OF revenue. We
cannot produces ihcm. They are OF 81 h general
use as IT, enTcr INTO the CONSUMPTION OF every family
n the United states lie dn.ies on tea c0fee ana
sugar are the most table aud interchangeable sources
OF revenue. The Quantities consumed vary less
are bulky aud cannot hc easily siuugglcd The
duty - specific and Is rarely evaded Nv fraud. Stil
tney hrc tesirne rs hevesssiieS " ut. tuc fes'eai
OF HE duty VAL lessen The COS. TO the precise cx-
tent oil the duty. Dealers 80 not az .rst lower .e
pilce, Out competition soon reaces It,. SO
thai the repeat OF elmer ot taes, duties
VIII in some degree chcspen the daily
meas OF nearl every family rne House Of Repre-.
scntatycs has SHOWN 1t desire to maze ten ana
coffee free by twice passing bills for that purpose.
but II Is manifest Mat II TINS Is done we must
duty. We are compelled 10 consi,,er wncti,er otner
duties ought not TO be modified before ne purely
revenue duty Is entirely repealed.
REDUCTIONS PROPOSED
now come briefly TO cslssIuer the measure pro-
posed W the Committee on Finance. Instead OF
IL,
colrec. we propose large reduction on hem. We
reduce the dulles on lumber, rlce lead anQ oilcr
posaa e eScese SE a WHlG IN IN. .s
Tree iist ana propose reduction OF ten
rer csps me,s the a Spss e ane most TEX
proposed is 81 5o7,a 1853, but we may fairly antici.
pate The lessening OF expenses ana such increase OF
importation ;ts viii reduce The loss to revenue
to zl.oo"ooo. THIS IS not the time for stating in
detail the reasons for the great reduction certain
specific articles. AS the debate progresses cacn
article Will he separately considered, ana II we err
as TO details the Senate viii correct Us.
THE CONTRASTING THEORIES.
l have now only 10 consider the general PRINCIPLES
involved. We arc met Ivy Expressing theories OF
political economy, by theories OF protection ana by
ineorieS OF free trade. The object OF prOtcclIOn Is
to secure TO home industry tie benefit OF the mar.
kels OF oar own country. ihe means proposed are
our own. and low duties, or none ut al articles
used IN manufacturing. The object OF free trade IS
regard to the place OF production; revenue tarllr
INCONSISTENT vita the extreme theories OF both the
free trade ana schools Tor foreign artieles
home producer the entire market; the revenue IS
destroyed absolutely as If no duty at all were i'm.
posed. This Obvious truth reduces q revenue tarlY
tie rate mater duty ass' any as Hitssmn aas
whether 1t can or cannot produced in this Coun.
try and whether the any should he higher or lower
Sa s' nesae @ ae to %
stated IN tue report OF Robert J. Walker,
made IN a .nh H. the nnSme,abe discus
nations 1t became obvious that theories ana
maxms adopted BY one nation in fixing the rates OF
reason OF the difference OF climate, soil, producuon
labor and age. THIS y especially true OF Great
elements which determine tarin policy we are the
EXACT ANIIPODEs OF GREAT BRITAIN.
agriculture Their chief commerce is foreign; ours
is domestic They produce but little raw material:
we hnn o Te ex
are not. In Great Britain capital Yields
and abundant: here 1t Is very high. The Industry
OF Great Britain could not survive without tO egil
raw material Tor all products essential to the nap.
pincss and comfort OF man. Again, this subject mas
been SO often discussed ana acted upon in Congress
that we may say that certain principles are
Consent Of our people. Il IS settled that our ma
manly collected BY duties on imported goods and
as the war has enormously increased our wants, we
Extreme VIDE IDEAS Of free trade and prOteo.,on s
which are. alike inconsistent with q revenue
a least he y ss as IN eS " pa uSs
articles Of foreign manufacture that come into COM
peion with nome Industry, ana that these duties
country, and for which we nave the law
difference between the price OF labor in this coun
try and Europe is the chief cause OF the difference
not good policy, by permitting too close q competI
ton between foreign and domestic production. to
REFUGE THE WAGES OF AMERICAN LABOR
engaged in producing any article essential TO our
wants below the standard Of other similar labor In
this country. 1t IS agreed that 10 secure certainty
and TO avoid undervaluaton that all duties as far
as practicable should be specific instead or oil
val0rem. These principles are the basis
OF the American system OF protec.
ton embodied in the act OF March,
1861. the rates OF duty have been much increased
by the new demand for revenue caused py the war,
and may now be reduced as these demands
diminish; but these protective principles WILL
trust. be maintained as tue essential foun
daton OF our national prosperity. On the
are a multitude OF articles IN which the
trade should be as Tree as our domestic trade. All
raw productions of nature which are the gift OF
Providence ought TO be free as the hand that gave
them; but II they can only be made available by
labor and yet are abundant III our country the rate
OF duty should not be higher Than the bare
difference in the wages OF such labor