davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
HYPOPHOSpHTTES,

Consumptivesl word with you. You krow
that consumption is terribly htll disease.
Very rarely is ii cured by the old exploded
remedies and methods of treatment. Cod
Liver on meyer cured case OF consumption
Iron is utterly useless. It Is dn insane delu
sion to rely upon these old fogy played>out
remedies. II is waste of precious time that
can never be fegaincd. Awakel Awake!
Open your eyes to the light ofsclencpl Open
your ears to the voice of sciencel Winches
ter's ypophosphites is your beacon light
A complete revolution IN The treatment of this
disease has been effected by this e.giving
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18


The library of the late Judge
Plyley was sold at Administra-
tors sale yesterday, the sales,
including book cases, and desks,
footing up something over ST..
800. The following is the sale
bill of books:
John 7. Moore, Waverly, SO
volumes, $265,65.
L. N. BarnhIll, Macarthur, II
volumes, $4,000.
j. Z. Bradbury, GallipolIs Ga
volumes, and 81 copies Of
American Law Register, 1922
SO.
W. Ii. Lasley, Gallipolis, 55
volumes, SZOI.5J.
W. X. Hastings, Jackson, 50
volumes, S212 55.
Mr.. Ayleshire, Jackson, 16
volumes, $30.10
John Mayo, Macarthur, 2 vol,
umes, $3.50.
W. A. Gage, Chlllicothe, 81
volumes, $127 so. IA number
of Col. Cages purchases were
for Robert Clark & Co.
S. S. Cooke, Chilllcothe, Al
Volumes $136.30.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

We are under obligations to
the Valley Brass Band of Chill
licothe for a most delightful
serenade during a recent visit
to that city. The members Of
this band are colored men; it
was organized, We believe, in
1856, and ranks among the
best bands in the State.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
IF Robert TToombs We

IF Robert VToombs wore
green goggles, and Robert had
been nominated for the Presi-
dency by the Republican, party
and thereupon we had donned
green goggles, we think, we
should feel as though we we're
parading our own Disgrace
Put that in your white hat, and
rear IL. E
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
ANNOUNCEMENTS.

Mr.. EDITOR: Please announce the
name of DAVIS DUNCAN, of Madison
township, as "a candidate for Sheriff
subject to the decision Of the coming
Republican County Convention, and
oblige MANY VOTERS.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

NEXT Tuesday there Is to be a
grand balloon ascension at 10
o'clock A. NJ, followed by a
parade on horseback Of the rag
amufins. There will be a Sec
ond balloon ascension at 6
o'clock P. M. The balloon is a
very large age measuring 1897
cubic feet. ya
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

IT rained on Wednesday and
Thursday of last week, and
every day this week, and we
are now enjoying the first mud
we have had for two years.
The weather has interfered
with the hay harvesters, but
it has been glorious for the
corn.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
DIED.

In Macarthur, July 10th, of con-
sumption, Miss Sallie Payne, in the
22d year of her age.
There are times when nations are
made to mourn by the death of a
single citizen, and communities by
the death of u single individual. This
community fully realized the truth OF
this fact OH the 10th, inst, when the
report OF the death of Miss Sallie
Payne became circulated on our
streets. Her loss is felt not only by
her friends, but also by the communi-
ty. She was young lady whose
praise was on evcrybody's tongue,
and whose example might be pointed
to as a model worthy of imitation -
Her lie exhibited all the virtue and
charms which grace the female char
acter. She was dignified. yet free
from anything like haughtiness or
vanity. Kind, and amiable, she never
failed to win the respect of all the
circles in which she moved. She al
ways had word and smile for every
one. There were none too high fol
her to associate with, and none too
low to escape her notice. Her life
was one OF joyfulness and brightness
How much she enjoyed life. and how
hopeful size was of the future was
shown by the frankness with which
on her death bed, she said, 81 prefer
to live, if it be Gods will" 1t seems
hard that one so youthiul,'so amiable,
and so promising should be taken
away in the prime of life, but al
though she is gone, the sweet influ-
ence of her life fingers and sheds it:
fragrance to draw us to initiate her eS
ample. Her name will long be treas.
ured up among the fondest recollec
tions of all who knew her.
During her illness she received tht
best attention, and at her burial wa,
shown the greatest respect. Her re
mains were taken to Bethel church
where after an appropriate and touch
ing sermon by Rev. Doughty, show
ing how greatly he sympathized will
the bereaved, they were deposited. =.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

A. L. HUNTER has withdrawn
as o candidate for nomination
for Sheriff, Notwithstanding it
was generally believed he "had
the inside track"
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
Howard Sanitary Aid Associa-

For the Relief and Cure of the Erring and Un.
fortunate on Principles Of Christian
Philanthropy.
Essays on the Errors Of Youth, and the fol-
Ties OF Age, in relation To Marriage and Social
Evils, with sanitary aid for the afflicted
Sent free, In sealed envelopes. Address,
owARD ASSOCIATION, Box P, Ptiladel
phia, Pa.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

Gov. PALMER, of Illinois, in a
speech the other day, said that
Democrats must vote tor Hor-
ace Greeley. awe won't!"
shouted voice from the crowd.
;sVery we'll, then," said the Gov.
ernor, as a clincher, "Vote for
Grant, ;"We WILL" shouted
the crowd, with wonderful un-
,animity.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
sMoNp's, hotographer, Chillicothe

SrMoND's, Photographer, ChillicOthe
gives careful attention to making cop
les of other pictures. Pictures may be
made as large as life from the tiniest'
lOOket picture, and made in every way
satisfactory by careful and judicious
colorihg. Photographs from ma ture OF
from other pictures colored in the best
styles in oil, water colors, crayon, pas
tel or ink, at rates to suit al eircum'
stances.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
SPECIAL NOTICES.

J.F. TowELL, Portsmouth, Ohio, offers
70 the Merchants and Furnacemen Of Vinton
county, a superior stock Of Dry Goods and
Notions, on terms the most favorable. John
6llleland, Travelling Agent.
Sept 10y.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
WlNCHESTER'S

Hypophophites OF Lime and Soda is certified
by all physicians, medical societies and the
public throughout the civilized world as the
grandest medica discovery OF the 10th cen.
tury. There is no disease whatever, W hich de.
pends upon an impure, diseased and lmpovs
orlshed condition of the bood-that great ry.
er of life, but with this celebrated remedy is
an inialliJle cure, such as scrofula, pimples,
eruptoas, humors, boils, AMI all cutane us
affections. LaIiesl You little kn5w what an
important influence is eXerted through the
blood. Would you beautfy your form aud
sutfuse your complexion with the delicate
bloom of youth and health? Purify and enrich
your blood by using WInches ter's
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

8. j. Eichelstcin, Importer and
Dealer IN Wines. Liquors, Cigars, etc. Cham
payne, Sparkling catawba and Ale always on
'haud. Pig Iron Corner, Front street, Ports
emouth, o. All orders promptly filled.
ma 80 1870 ly
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
Time and enlightened experience have

Time and enlightened experience have
shown that certain substances formerly used
and relied on in medical practice, are unneees.
sary and dangerous; yet some OF these sub,
stances have found their way into medical
compounds. DIR. Walkers California Vinegar
Bltters, however, contain nothing Injurious,
being composed exclusively Of vegetable sub.
stances from California. For all disorders OF
the liver, kidneys, bladder and digestive or.
gans, and for purifying the blood, they are the
most wonderful remedy known. lSjul4wdd
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

We are compelled to lay
over until next week several
advertisements which should
have appeared this week.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

By what hocus pocus has the
Radical Greeley become Liber
al and the Liberal Grant be
come a fire-eating Radical!
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

The Flying Darter is a fast
horse, and his owner, VIM. Sry,
is a staunch Democrat. But
the Darter is too last a horse
to use for electioneering pur-
poses in as small a county as
Vlnton, as is demonstrated by
some of the faithful finding
William over in Jackson
county electioneering at his
best licks for Wat. Holland for
CLERK. William was astonlsh-
ed at the ignorance of his
Democratic audience who did
not appear to know there was
such a man in the world as
Wat. Holland, but was reas.
sured when lie found he had
been riding a fast horse in a
small county.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
CONSUMPTION.

and has been the sole means under Divine
Providence of saving and restoring to life
health and strength, myriads who, but for IT,
would have been compelled to follow through
the dark valley that vast army which has
been swept OFT of existence 10y this relentless
scourEe.
Wnchester's Hypophosphites comes to you
as an agentot health, with healing on its wings
Give It your confidence and generous wei.
come, and appreciate our efforts exerted IN
your behalf BE sure and get the genuine
Price 81 and So per bottle. For sale by drug
gsts everywhere. Send for our circular on
consumption. Address
j. WINCHESTER & CO., Chemists,
SO John ST., New York.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

AGENTS Wanted. Agents make more mon
Hey at work for US than at anything else. Bus
iness light md permanent. Particulars free, @.
SrISsOS 6 Co., Fine ATi Publishers, Portland, Me,
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

PITCHING horse shoes on the
public square andin the streets
has become the leading nui-
sance of our village.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

Reject nll Violent Purgatiyes. They rn.
IN the tone Of the bowels and weaken the di'
gestion Tarranps Eteryescent SeltSer ADeri.
entIs used by rational people as a means OF
relieving all arrangements of the stomach,
hver and intestlnes, because IL removes oh
strIchons without pain and imparts yigor to
the organs which 1t purlhes and regulates
SNLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
ORGANIC LAW OF THE SEXES

ORGANIC LAW OF THE SEXES
OCondihons which impair yltality-positIve
and negatiye electrclty-proof that life is
evolved without unlon-ctiCCt Of tobacco-In
huence of fish and phosphorc diet-modorn
treatment ofpGlYic diseases, structure and var.
lcocele, and arrest Of development; ten ec'
lures to his pr vate surgical class, 10y ED.
WARD H DIXON, NJ b, AZ Flnh Avenue, N Y
"a pages, 25 cents
every line from the pen OF DR. Dixon is Of
great value to tho whole human race"-Hor'
ace Greeiey.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

In Elk township, June 9th, of ca
tarrh fever, Jessie, infant daughter
of John'and Phoebe E. Robbins, aged
10 months and IL days,
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
How the Nomination was Re
ceiVed.

How the Nomination was Re
ceiVed.
On the receipt Of the news Of
the nomination of Greeley
some of the boys who are too
young to appreciate the ridic.
ulous situation of the Democ-
racy, and remembering the pro-
gramme of previous occasions,
beSought and obtained the
necessary cash to buy powder
and ffre-balls. In the evening
they fired off their anvil vigor-
ously for an hour or more, but
the masses failed to respond,
or the silver tongued orators to
make their appearance. The
streets, but for the boys and a
few Republicans who came up
to witness the burial, present.
ed deserted appearance while
the firing of the minute guns
and the approaching night ad-
ded 10 the general gloom.
What was the matter with the
leaders, Itis sad to think that
those who fawned upon the
old party in it's prosperity re-
fused to sit up with the corpse.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
MARRIAGE LICENSES.

Charles Williamson and Amanda
Napper.
Thomas A. Major and Cassie Dolan.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18

In Elk township, July 11th, of cas-
tarrh fever, Bessie, infant daughter of
John and Phoebe E. Robbins, aged 10
months and 30 days.
The Vinton record. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1866-1891, 1872-07-18
CeLLEGIAME AND CONNER.

OCIAL INSTITUTE, New Haven Conn
Preparatory to college, business, scientific
schools, U 8 Military and Naval Academies
Fall session, seth! year, begins Sept l3HEor
catalogue, address Gen WIN II RUSSELL,
principal.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22
LINCOLN COUNTY.

LINCOLN COUNTY.
Fnly, light brown, black name and tail, a
little white on right hind foot on inside, IA
hands high, about years old; B. w. Cat
tbs. miles east of Mulberry, headwaters Of
Stephens Greek, July 1880.
Steer, white, head and neck and legs red
brindle, crop and two splits in right ear,
swallow-fork and two under-bits in left, of
small size, about years; James C. Stewart,
21st dis, April +$8.
Heifer, white back, belly and legs, sides
red, underbit in left ear, about ~ years
old; VIM. F. Zimmerman, 18th dis, Feb.
28-$8.
Steer, red, underbit in each ear and swal-
low-fork in left, about 2 years old this
spring; j. r. Routt, 21st dis, Feb. 5-$7.
MADISON COUNTY.
FLY and Stallion COtt-the Filly, bay,
in thin order, pale white spot in forehead,
right hind foot white up to pastern joint,
white streak just above the frog of left hind
foot, 14k hands, about 8 years, valued at
SIS; the Stallion Colt, light sorrel, in thin
order, white spot in forehead, right hind foot
white half way to hook, IA hands, years,
valued at $30-both by James d. Tatum, 6
miles west of Huntsville, July IL.
Mare Mule, shod before, Is hands high,
or years old; Albert Fl. Jones, near Me-
ridianyille, April 27-$l30. s.s.
LIMESTONE COUNTY.
Mare brown, star in forehead, both hind
/ feet white, scar under left eye, about years
old; Charles B. Hagood, May $3.50.
Mare Mule, sorrel, fresh gear marks, fore
feet inclined to turn in, no marks, IA hands
high, years; Julius F. Hine, May 1880
BEDFORD COUNTY.
Mule. bay; L. B. Bartlett, 9th dis, June
$3.50.
Mare and Colt, sorrel Mrs. Eliza j.
Newsom, Dec $50.
GILES COUNTY.
Mare, sorrel, some white in the face IL
hands, about 8 years; d. W. Burch, miles
west of Pulaski, May $40.
Horse, black, right hip down, left eye
weak, blazed face, few gray hairs on his body,
! IA hands, years; miles north of Pulaski,
May $685.. -..-...
Mare brown, no marks or brands. 1411a
hands high, or years old; N. F. Marks,
| 18th dis, on Bradshaw Creek, April $50.
MARSHALL COUNTY.
Mare, bay, star in face, left hind leg
white to pastern joint, marks of gear, about
| 10 hands high, about years old; j. r. Hill,
, 14th dis, Jan. 1876.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22
8arm aus 9uasthuTS,
= =
A Good Word for the Ok.

A correspondent gives, a.
mOng other reasons, why oxen
should be used on a farm in
place Of horses the following:
"Many small farmers try to pillow
their land with one horse; a few
inches in depth is all the soil is
moved; a handful of manure is
all that is appropriated where
there should be a bushel, the
selection of crops made with
but little care; the cultivation
Of the same is done at a great
expense for want of experiment
tai knowledge, and being preju-
diced against taking advice of
successful farmers. On the ma.
jority of farms in my immediate
vicinity more than a third of the
expense is worse than wasted.
A pair of oxen will pillow as
much in a day and fallow it as
a pair of horses, and the cost is
but fifty per cent. of horses. The
work is done better than it can
be with horses. A boy of four
teen can handle the oxen and
pillow with more ease and pleas
ure than a man can with his span
of horses"
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22

SWEET MILK.-A tea-spoonful
of fine salt or radish, in a pan of
milk, will keep it sweet for sever
al days. Milk can be kept year
or more as sweet as when taken
from the cow by the following
method +: Procure bottles. which
must be perfectly clean, sweet and
dry; draw the milk from the cow
into the bottles, and as they are
filled Immediately cora them well,
and fasten them with packed
thread OF wire. Then spread a
little straw in the bottom of a
boiler, on which place the bottles,
with straw between, until the
boiler contains a sufficient quanti-
ty. Fill it up with clean water,
heat the water, and as soon as it
begins to boil, draw the fire, and
let the whole gradually COOL
When quite cool, take out the
bottles and pack them in saw dust
in hampers, and stow them away
in the coolest part of the house.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22
.Quinine in Typhoid Fe-
yer.

An interesting case from the rec
ords of the Homerton Fever Hos
pital, illustrating the power of
quinine to control the temperature
of the body in patients sick with
typhoid fever, is given in a late
number of the Lancet. The patient
was a little girl seven years old,
who came into the hospital on the
ninth day of her illness, with a
temperature of body of los deg.
Fair. She at once commenced
taking quinine in three grain doses
every four hours; and the temper
AZURE Immediately began to tall,
continuing to do So until the morn
ing OF the eleventh day, when it
had reached 81 deg. Fair, a fall
OF eighty degrees. The admins
tration ofquinine wasthen stopped,
when the temperature at once be-
gan to rise, and by the evening
of the twelfth day had reached its
point, los deg. Fair. Under the
influence of quinine it again went
down, rising as before when the
quinine was a second time sns-
pended. A third and a fourth
time the temperature was brought
down in a similar way, remaining
normal after the permanent dis
continuance of the quinine on the
twenty-second day. Another case,
also that of a little girl, was
marked by a similar fall and rise
of temperature under similar treat
ment. Profuse sweating in both
cases generally followed the ad-
ministration of the quinine.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22
Circulation of the Blood.

SA1 S010O1Oh Va VIZ %4OONA'
is known that our food nour
ishes us by being changed into
blood. A healthy man has in
bis system about three gallons of
blood. This is all contained in
the heart, arteries and veins, and
their minute branches. So nu-
merous are these, SO thickly set
in our flesh, that we cannot
stick the point of a fine needle
through the skin without piercing
some of them.
In all these organs-the heart,
arteries and veius-the blood is
constantly in motion. In the ar
teries, 1t flows from the heart; in
the veins, to the heart. And 60
rapid is this motion that all the
blood in the body, from the crown
of the head to the tip of the fingers,
and the ends of the toes, passes to
the heart, and from the heart to the
lungs, and from the lungs back to
the heart, again, every five min
utes.
The circulation is absolutely
necessary to the support Of life.
In its passage through the system
the blood gives up its life-sustain-
ing power to the different organs,
and in return receives only waste
matter, with which it goes loaded
to the heart and lungs, where it
exchanges this for another portion
of the life-giving oxygen. With
this it is again sent by the beating
of the heart on its cheering mis-
sion to ali parts of the body.
When we place our fingers upon
an artery, as at the wrists, or on
the sides of the neck under the
ears, or On the throtbing temples,
we can feel this flow of the blood,
making a pulse at every beat of
the heart, but in the veins, as on
the back of the hand, it is constant.
and on this account imperceptible
to the touch.
If from any cause, as drowning,
or sufocation by gas, our lungs
are deprived Of q supply of pure
air, the blood is not purified, does
not receive a new supply of OK
ygen, and goes into circulation a
second time, incapable OF sustain
ing life. InsensibiIity and death
are the sure results, unless by ar
ti6cial means pure air can be
forced into the lungs before life's
Pickering flame is quite extin.
guished.-Home and Health.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22

How TO RELIEVE A CHoKED
HORSE OR Ok "A few days ago
/ had an OK chOked on an ear Of
corn with husk on, which he
snatched up while drawing, and
lodged in what suppose farmers
would call the swallow Unto tie
first stomach). How to relieve
him / knew not. Mr., J. Thomas,
an expert cattle raiser, and men,
Der of Bellbuckle Farmers Club,
directed me to use a mop or swan.
/ did so using one about three
feet long; but still the OK grew
worse. He would attempt repeat
eddy to drink water, but, after
swallowing, it would be thrown
back. Four days after he was
choked, l saw Mr.. 7. again and
told him my OK must die. GLOW
long was your mop?" "Three
feet" at should have been sig.
will 60 over and see if / cannot
relieve him." He did so. We
confined a clevis in his mouth
used a swab made of soft rags
about two inches in diameter, fas-
tened well on a grapevine six feet
long, and with this showed the cob
down through the aperture in
which it was confined. The OK
commenced to improve at once
Cor. Tenn. Ag.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22

ABOUT Our BEEs.-UncIe Sam
has bees enough to give US a sting!
There are two million bee-hives in
the United States. Each hive
yields on an average, a little over
twenty-five pounds of honey. The
average price ut which honey is sold
is twenty-five cents pound SO that
after paying for their own board our
bees present US with revenue of
S8,S00,000. To reckon it another
way, they make a clear gift Of over
a pound Of pure honey to every man,
woman and child 10 the vast Co.
main of the United States. In
1860, over tweRty-three and one
third millions pounds of wax we're
made and given to US by these in.
dustriOus workers. The keeping Of
bees Is one oil the most profitable
Investments that our people can
make of their money. The profits
arising from the sale Of surplus hon.
ey average from so to 900 per c mt.
of the capital invested.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22

SoAP.-Add to ten quarts of Wa.
ter six pounds Of quicklime (shsll
lime besi and six pounds Of com.
mon washing soda. Pot all togeth.
er and boil for half an hour, aud let
it stand oil night. Draw off thrlye
and add 10 it one pound of common
resin, and seven pounds of fat (any
Fat will do). Boil this for half an
hour, then let it stand till cool, and
cut into bars.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1872-08-22

How TO OUR TOBACCo.-The
best thing to hold in the mouth is
mouthful of cold water, renewed
every few minutes. 1t will take
away the craving for tobacco
quicker than anything else, and is
wholly unobjectionable. A pine
stick is the best of anything to
chew, but the objection to that is,
and to anything that is chewed,
that it over. exercises and weakens
the salivary glands. In quitting
the use of tobacco, quit at once,
and not attempt to leave off grad
ually.