New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1872-08-20
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
.np nnrr1 lp SCIENCE MoNrnLY. sep.ember

Sc,,n1s giving foretaste Of the admnao'e plo'is,o
which Professor Youmans has made Tor 'He hsuuoUo
Of his large company of readers for the presen. o"
A. eneer discusses the mature Of the Social Science
An n series Of acute analyses aud apt Illustrations
ing that there is but one law ior mannnu anu ~
rest OF the universe. The essential TRAITS On ''o "
which compose any aggregate determine tAo n''Ue "
chat arcreeate Tho character Of the units Hpose cer
limits within which the characters OF the sregates
must fall No laborer for instance. bas the power
10 pile cannon-shOt into vertical wall however
favorable the conditions. No circumstances VIII
make it possible for common salt whieh crys'ailIes
on the regular system. to crystaiIze, IKE ssnPna!e
Of soda, on the oblique prismatic system nor will
ENABLE the fragments Of pOlype to take on the
structure Of a molusk. The same law holds OF such
social aggregates as exist among the inferior animals
The form Of their societies decided by the properties
of their units survey Of the tribes ana nation that
are or have been the face Of the earth show that man
Is no exception to this law The qualities OF any assem-
Mage OF individuals result from the individual qualities
that are common the members OF the human species
From the general principle, then, that the proper
ties of the units determine the properties OF
the aggregate. Mr. spencer draws the conclusion
that there must be social science which
expresses the relations between the two beginning
with types OF men who form small and incoherent
social aggregates such science has TO show in what
ways the individual qualities, intellectual and emotional
negative further aggregation 1t has to explain how
sleht notifications OF individual nature, arising under
modified conditions OF life make somewhat larger ag
regate possible 1t has to out in aggregates of
come SIZE the genesis of the social relations regative
and operative, into which the members fall 1t has TO
exhibit the stronger and more prolonged social
influences which, by further modifying the char
meters Of the units, facilitate further aggre-
cation with consequent further cOmplexity OF social
structure Among societies Of all orders and sizes, from
the smallest and rudest TO the largest and most civil
ed il has 70 ascertain what traits there are in common,
determined by the traits Of human beings what
y,f,o
eetes result from traits distinguishing certain of
men, and what pecuarites In each society tracea
BILE pecuarties Of its members In every it
has for subjectmatter the growth, development,
structure and functions of the social aggregate
brought about by the mutual actions Of individuals
whose natures partly like those Of all men, partly
like those of kindred races, partly distinctive"
singulary interesting chapter Of natural history
ted "Clever Fishes" is devoted to certain curious
semblances which are found between the habits
,,,. OF men and fishes. For example, there Is
,eareely a weapon of oenso in use among men, winch
has not its parallel among the hnny tribe Dageers
.pears. swords, and even guns, are all possesSeu
bv fishes in a high state Of natural perieeu9h
The nose of the ch@tOdon, native OF the
Eastern seas forms a kind OF beak through which
a, uroues small drop OF water with considerable force
and accuracy Of aim. the edge Of the water sits
nv on spray wood, twig, or tuft Of grass The
ehoaon advances cautiously understhe fly stealthily
pop goes the watery bullet The poor insect who has
como 10 the end of his "ltte day Of sunny bliss" is
knocked over by the treacherous missile, and
drops from ITS perch into the waters below
t. be sucked in by the vOracious chetodon
Other fishes who do not shoot their game
Hsh for it with rod and line The lophius for instance
nae two long tentaele prngng out OF his nose, 10 the
end Of which attached by line or slender flament,
email eitterilg mOrse OF membrane which serves as
bait Huge sacks like bag-nets, attached to its gill
a. rfar no liza In
ne mouth Of the fisherman down below. Just the
angler srs up the mud of the river to attract gudgeons
the ophius stirs up mud with his fms and tail Then
plies his rod, and the gering bait waves to and fro
like living insect gancing through the turbid water
Tie udgeOns rather gObies rush towards IT, and are
rauehtu the bagnet be transferred to the stomach Of
The monster FISH, there are enough collected
10 form 4 satisfactory mOuthfu. Some sporting fish
hunt their prey singy in couples; some In packs
Ike hounds Tie pike and trout hunt sinsly, running
down a smaller FISH, the greyhound courses hare
The unhappy victim turns side to side in its efforts
10 escape while its pursuer bends and turns TO every
motion following close upon his track, and cutting OH
retreat Other fish, as the bonito, chase their prey
like dogs wolves in packs The hercest OF these Is the
black saw-beliied salmon of South America. The
laws Of TIL, fish are strong that they can
Rite of a mans finger or toe. They attack fish
ef ten times their own weight, and devOur all but the
head Some IA employ other fish to hunt up their food
for them az pointers and settlers The little pilot
fsh leads the huge shark his prey Besides the shoot
ing apparatus referred to- fish have the sword as
weapon Of oAense. The xiphas possesses a blade no
less potent than Damascus steel This weapon VIII
pierce through the bottom of ship though it probably
would not make much progress with an rOn-clad. The
sayfsh has long snout set upon each side with sharp
spikes like the teeth of a shark, forming weapon Of
terrible power The narwha carries spear on one side
of his nose formed Of the hardest ivory, and gradually
taperne TO a point. OF daggers. there many speci
mems Al Of them fearful weapons often serrated or
barbed and capable of infctiug deadly, lacerated
wounds
1.-The Unconscious Action Of the Brain " is able
paper by Dr. W. b. Carpenter, IN which that distin-
Rushed Psychologist discusses a subject nearly related
10 the phenomena Of genius He starts with curious
sneedote which he takes the text OF his discourse.
1.-THE manager Of a bank in a certain large town in
Yorkshire could find key which access to al
The safes and desks in the bank. This key dup
cate key, and ought TO have been found in place ac
eessble only 70 himself and 10 the assistantmanager.
The assistant manager absent holiday in Wales,
and the first impression that the key had
probably been taken by this assistant In mistake
He wrote him, learned TO his great surprise and
distress that had not got the key, and knew moth
Sng of IL. OF course, the idea that the key,
which gave every valuable in the bank. in
The hands OF any person. having been taken with
feonous intention, 10 him most distressing. He
made search everywhere thought Of every place in
which the key might possibly be- and could not find It,
The assisant-nanager recalled, both he and every
person in the bank were questioned but could
give any idea OF where the key could be. or course,
although no robbery taken place up this point,
there the apprehension that a robbery might be
committed after the Storm TO speak, had blown
when better opportunity would be afforded by the aD
sence OF the degree Of watchulness frstclass
detective was then brought down from London and this
man had every opportunity given him Of making inqui-