Daily national Republican. (Washington City [D.C.]) 1870-1872, 1872-03-13


"rhe commerce Of ono country with another
merely an extension Of that division Of labor
Which % many Dement'S are conferred upon
richer By the trade ofone province With ANOTHER.
- ~ labor bes0mes thus Infinitely more pro
ductiyo and more remunerailye than II could
9.nervise have been, and as the mutual supply
one provinces hAa and another wants multiplien
the Recommendations Of the whole, the country
become. thus IN a wondetiul degfes. more .opI::
lent and happy. Tbs same beautiful train OF
consequences j; obserTable in the world al large,
that great empire q which tho kingdoms
and tribes ol men may be regarded A. the prov
province ~ sPg sO Or one
species Of accommodation and another province
70 another BY their mutual intercourse They are
'n,, tS sort and dlstrisE,s ,hslS Labor "
"Ihe labor Of the human race thus becomes
much more productive, and evory species Of &C.
Sommodatlon !. afforded IN n mqgh Erea.es aoun.
forts might have been expended In producing a
very Insignificant quantity Of homemade luxu-
rice, may thus produce quantity OF articles Tor
places, and which will purchase In return an 40
eumulatlon OF tho luNurios Of every quarter OF
the globe" ..H.
The influence Of foreign commerce Ia 10 add
Immensely 10 the convenience and happiness
Of the working classes, and 10 create new
sources Of enjoyment 10 the opulent. Il null
tlplios aud cheapens the articles OF necessity
and Of luxury, and thus reduces and equal.
lies the value Of labor, while II affords 10 the
laborer q larger return In all the enjoyments
OF life than he can acquire by high wages
and a consequent scarcity Of production with
enhanced prices. II brings nation after ma
ton luto more intimate relations and knowl-
edge Of the others arts, institutions and peo-
pie, stimulates enterprise aud invention, and
tends TO establish on armer foundations the
harmonles and blessings OF peace.
IL appears an order In creation, that one
country should have In abundance that with
which another Is scantlly or not at all sup
piled, that their mutual relationship and de-
pendenco should the sooner and more por-
mAhently DO established by communication
over ocean highways.
The United States, beyond any country,
seem fitted by Providence 10 sustain com
morco In this manner with other nations.
Producing, In excess Of domestic wants, cot
ton, timber, wheat, corn, coal, ores Of Iron,
copper, load, zinc, silver, and gold, thoy can
from these natural resources, with slight ex-
crtiOns, secure profitable commercial rela-
tons With the world and to these great nat
ural products are added those Of the mechanic
arts, OF labor-saylng machlnery-now In de
mand not only In all civilized, but In most Of
the somi-clvlllked, and even barbarous coun-
tries n nufactures OF cotton, OF wool, of
silks, OF wines and spirits, In each Of which,
II proper encouragement Is given, they eau
compete In foreign markets TO advantage
with tho oldest and most advanced u foreign
nations.
Nopropositlon of economic science Il better
established than that the fall development OF
tho mechanical industries Of the country are
dependent upon foreign markets as well as
the productions Of agriculture itself When
either Is burdened by any cause beyond the
cost OF production In other countries, the
mi "A rnsar -
the simple ground that we are underblddeu 10
all those countries to which they have access
and we have not
Thus cheap transportation Is an element Of
cheap production. On this principle we have
reclaimed the great valleys Of the Mississippi
and Missouri rivers, and Allied all our noun
tain regions with hardy workmen. By In
surfing rapid and cheap transportation for
our products, We help our national Ingenuity
and industry, without reducing their home
value, 10 q fair footing TO cumpeto 10 the
markets OF the world.
The relation Of transportation and produe-
tlon Is Illustrated In EnglaDd with peculiar
force In respect 70 IL domestic Industries and
foreign commerce. Upon cotton, one Of the
surplus products OF our agriculture, a great
portion OF the commerce OF Great Britain
rests. and In It's manufacture lies one OF tue
chief sources Of employment In that country,
embracing In this one division OF labor not
less than l, 200, 900 Of her people. u has, TOO,
built up nearly every other mechanic art, and
caused tho increase Of her ocean commerce
% tho exclusion Of our own: 1t may, there
fore, be advantageous 10 briefly note the pro-
gIcas Of Engiand's cotton Manufacture, It's
direct connection with her imports aud ex-
ports and the rise herewith Of her lines Of
steamships
But little more than a century has elapsed
since the weaving OF cotton was commenced
10 England, and down TO 1773 an entire cot
Ton fabric had not been made-the, welt, or
transverse threads Of the web, only were OF
cottoni the MAZDA. OF longitudinal threads,
were OF linen yarn, Imported from Germany
and ireland. Tho weayers were dispersed In
cottages throughout the country, furnished
themselves with the warp and welt, and when
woven carried them 70 market Up 10 179l
her entire supplies OF raw cotton were de-
rived from the East Indies. In that year
lso, 655 pounds Of cotton wero received from
the United States, (the first ever shipped, and
y, 81, 90 pounds from India. In tho same
year the total Imports and exports OF Great
Britain Of all descriptions were; Imports,
sos 347, S87, and exports, clio, 248, 762-mak-
ing total foreign commerce OF t20o, 90, $40.
In lbs her Imports OF cotton were 81 $50,
6l pounds; her imports OF all descriptions,
el36, 110, 762; her EXPORTS of ell descriptions,
slb2,V2O, i24-making total foreign COM
merce Of e20S, csc, $50.
In 1919 her lmnorIs a. cotLon ware IN os0
i8s nounds, ber fmnorts n iii Ssser,n,ions
ana 40 sDa ana etports n Mi Ljnds sSEA ,
o62 mn making a tataI co,nmsrca ~ s1,a
9i9 oar ~ - "'-'i
In Ik1g tha advent of trans. A tIan,lc ..e.,,.
era the imnorts of cotton vcre M "a ~
no1nds mi M total Inno,ss ~ All MA.
fa1o 1Ia oo0, M exnorts ana , r.,r,s
ss0s al s-l5-matlne fo,al torri,, cq,,,
merce al ana 7Ss ao7 -
The imnnIse vhirh ,ha vartoua -I,ro. q,
ocoan sieamars gaya had incrssseI har noan'
ufsetures 10 ranidiy that in ten wear" there her.,
after-that IA. IN Isis-her imnorts of cotton
were 7iS 0aO i6I pounds. Of tbIs G0I elT as
pounds came from thn IInItad State ana
univ 11aI79 67S pounds from ali other
sources.
Her imnorts of all de.,rintlona raa.hod
AM IA io0 and her exnorta SJRa M mi
maklnr a tofei forelgn Commerce M Si iss
sss sou -, ~''''''N' " -
III 1879 her Imnorts nj ootton ware from
tho limited state. / lib SaO esls nonnds, from
slIothar sorscaS 15s Nd ~ 1910 IT,
~, II i,,ns, ~ o,,,o, ~ ~ aao -
~ ~ ~ VI ir'1o,soo' 90 Pounu1
INC SUSPENSION OF our exports Oh cottor
during the war was calamity so great u
Engana mat was AND always viii %
known ~ Vne COTTON iaullne. Inc great
est eAeL nN MeIe maui " associhtions and
" the government 70 create other sources o.
supply out Win tneIesumption OF our co.ton
eApois vne Aiter hnotncrol tnosoneW sources