Western Reserve chronicle. [volume] (Warren, Ohio) 1855-1921, 1872-04-10

pefate seas. It Is found on the Eng
glish coasts; is taken In great quRnti
ties on the coasts of MOrbIhan anC
other Biscayan provinces of France
as well as on those of Spain, and alst
In the Mediterranean. The catch o
the sardine fishermen of France wa
valued at one and a half millions O
dollais in 1855. A part Of the same
eatch. when prepared in oil, was ex
ported at an appraised value of Ovel
three millions.
ANCHOvY, Engrdllis encrdsicoEus
small fish. four inches in length
Il und in abundance on the Mediter.
ranean shores Of Italy, Greece, France
and Spain, and also, though not in
such considerable numbers, on the
coasts Of France, Holland, and Great
Britain. It is put up generally in
Oil, and, in this form, becomes an
article Of foreign trade.
TURBOT, SOLE, PLAICE, and HALL
But. varieties of the Pleuronectid@,
or fiat fish family. They are caught
IN all the northern seas, and in the
Mediterranean, but play an insignifi-
cant part in the statistics Of trade.
TUNNY, ThyHnUs VuLgdTtLs, a fish
bearing some resemblance to the
maekerel, but larger and stouter,
its maximum weight reaching 900
pounds. 1t is found in the greatest
numbers on the northern shores of
the Mediterranean and in the vicinity
of Sicily.
OYSTER, Ostre0 eCltflis, ft for market
when three or four years old, and in
their prime at five years of age. The
oyster beds of England and Of France
have been almost depopulated. Spe-
cial attention is now given to the
oyster culture in both countries, and
in other parts of Europe. A single
example of the success of an oyster
farm may be here allowed to be intro
duced. lone hundred acres OF a long
strip of sea bottom, situated in the
middle of broad channel bordering
the northeast shore of the lie des
Diseaux, coast of France, were pre-
pared, planted, and guarded at an
expense of s. 5,5lS, and the returns, in
about twenty seven months after
ward, amounting to S3S,7lO, besides
fifteen millions of oysters not then fit
for Market" On the eastern coasts
of the United States the oyster still
in abundance, the most
AID extensive beds being
in the Chesapeake Bay. The
few which were found on the cOast of
Oregon have been nearly, if not
consumed. Oysters are also
found on the cOasts Of China and
Japan, but whether in sufficient
quantities to entitle them to be
mentioned is not known.
MUSCLE, M!ytiiIs edltllss, generally
found attached to rocks, stones, &c.
They are found in almost every sea,
and are more or less in repute as an
article of food, and Of trade when the
Is rapid.
CUTTLE-FIsH, Octopus, belonging
TO the genus sepid, and sometimes
called the ink-fish, from the black
liquid contained in a bladder under
its thrnat, which the fish discharges
at the approach of danger for the pur-
pose of darkening the water and thus
facilitating its escape. Its usual length
is about six inches. The euttle-fish
is eaten in some parts of England, the
Continent, and of the Levant, and is
a special luxury in China
and Japan, where there is variety
Of a larger size.
TRAIN OIL, or common whale oil,
the product of the BdLgRd Mysticetlts.
This whale, although not the largest
Of the family of Cetdced, yields the
most oil and bone, or baleen, and is
thence called the right whale, or the
right one to pursue and kill. Its
length, when full grown, varies from
50 to 65 feet; the thickness of the
from s 10 20 inchts, and the
yield from 1000 20 5, 900 gallons. The
habitat of the right-whale is north Of
-he sixtieth parallel, though found at
certain seasons in the North Pacific,
rom Oregon across to Japan. 1t is
now rarely, If ever, seen in European
seas.
SPERMACETI OIL.-The product of
he CdchdlOt of Cuvier, or Physeter
JdtddOn Of Linnaus. This genus is
rom 40 10 so feet in length, its head
Dne-third of its Dody, and the blubber
rom s TO II inches in thickness,
from 1000 TO 5000 gallons of
iperm oil. In the numerous cells
md compartments of its enormous
head there is found an oil, in q semi
iuid state, containing a very large
of cetine, or the sperma-
eti of commerce. Ambergris, SO
much in demand by the manufac-
ulers of perfumes, is Obtained from
he intestinal canal of the Cdehdiot,
,Ct not in all cases, and hence has
'een considered the product Of dis
40 Tba hfsaf o,f = he rarn,-xu l,oI L.
mbTaees belt extending across the |
'aclfic from the fOrtieth north to the |
Ortieth south parallel of latitude ; |
rovers, however, are found |
D the nOrthward of this limit.
COD OIL, or eOd-liver oil, obtained /
rom the liver of the common cod, !
nd used principally as a medicine.
Is medicinal value consists in its /
utritive qualities, or the pepsin, or |
Hilary matter contained in 1t.
WHALEBoNE, WHALE-FINS, or ba-
zen, a characteristic product Of the 4
ight whale. 1t is found in its mouth,
nd consists of two rows Of three
undred plates each, suspended from
he upper jaw and sides, each plate
in kind Of coarse hair,
nd the whole constituting a sieve for
ne collection of the animals food.
he length Of the plates is from 10 to
2 feet aud the weight from 1,SO0 to
200 pounds. The hair, sometimes
.rmed whale-fiDs, is used in the
of brushes, and the tail
convertible into glue.
SEAL OIL.-The common seal,
'hoed UituIind, is from 4 to feet in
myth, the Greenland seal 6 feet, and
le PhOcG 6drbdtd from : to 10 feet.
he seal captured in the spring of the
ear on the Newfoundland and
a6rador coasts yields from four TO
yelve gallons of oil, according TO age.
he skins, when tanned, are used in
be manufacture of shoes, &c. The
aluaGle fur-bearing seal has been
most extermiuated. The only local.
y where they exist in any number
on the Pribylov group Of islands in
he Behring Sea, now belonging to the
nited States. Unless captured under
rict rules and regulations as to num-
er and season, they may be driven
the AsiaIie coast.
II has not been deemed necessary
enter into any details in regard to
le different varieties of the same
h such as the coast cod Of the United
.ates and the British Provinces, that
e found in the Grand Bank, the
ariety at Iceland, and the superior
nd caught on the fishing-banks off
e peninsula OF Alaska, otherwise
Ie description would partake of
ientific character, which is not in
nded nor has it been thought
to include among the mar
.taDle afLicles such products of the
The D