New-York tribune., 1871-08-26

nid Win nronrcfy be referred TO new genus oi
; n roqer"be 10 different genera IL Is alt0rether
probable that such vill NJ some luture ""''' W. WV
ditiOn Of some race or races OF men,
lion THE LAWS OF EVOLUTION.
v-,uoco and Darwin have propounded the cause OF
Modification in descent their law Of natural selection
This law has eptomzed by Spencer as the preSe
walton of the fttest This neat expression no DOUBT
covers the case and leaves the origin OF the httest entire
L. r,+oucbed Darwin assumes tendency to varia
& i'm nature and IL Is plainly necessary to do this In
order that materials for the exercise OF seeelon snVuu
exist Darwin and Maaces law y of somethng AL
ready created Let us then seek for the @ nWs
by which these g, subjects t rsn ARE e, be tes " O"'
The origin OF new structures which distinguish our
IL a IRON ae OSe SedsT be law Of acceeraon As
growth creation of parts usually ceases wdtn
Il is entirely plain that the process oi acceelatoh Is
limited TO the period of infancy and youth III al ahuaS
II is also plain that the question OF groWth Is one o
nutrition, Of the construction OF organs ana TISSUES
The construction of the animal types is restricted to
two kinds of ncrease-the addition OF increase the addi-
ton OF identical cells The first is probably 10 be re-
ferred to the last hut the laws which give rise TO II can
ial to its simplest expression nd that all its most
specialized parts are but notifications OF the segment
The limb Of the LeptdosTen represents ue nrst gho,
that of the IchyoSauruS the second In the iater te
first segment only is speela2ed the 9Ier eces oems @
mdstmsuishable In the plesiosqatdn paddle tno sep
arate parts already distinguished the ulna ana Ia-
dus well marked the eaTpal pieces % io nn
be safely assumed Though Huxley may reject owens
the definition Of a verjebra As we descend the
secmSnts to vertebrp increases ANIMALS which pre-,
distinct cavities parts OF solid support are sun
more easily reduced 10 simple basis OF segnehts ar
ranged either ongtudinally centriugay Each seq
ment-as the jaw of whale or the sac BODY oi l9ol
etus the first cell divides its nucleus, and then us whoe
outline, and this process repeated mh4ns 9d leS e
duces, according TO the cell theory all the tissues oI
animal organism, or their bases from hIs 70 ast ie @
he ultimate or astrological elements OF all organs are
! dnrfpi by
cleated cells with various notifications OF % ~
repetition in the more complex, Is tauSnt Wy ~" "a fol
theory The formation OF some OF the tissues Is as oi
| First Chance-Formation Of simple indicated cells
from homogeneous prOtopasm or the cyto1dStend Sec
Uucens Of tbe old Third-Formaon of tissues by ac
cumuiaon of cells with or without addition of ntercel,
ular cytobidSelnd. (l In connective ussne py sEo ~
blood by addition of fluid cytobldstema brin to free
cells Gymph cOrpuscles) which i'll higher animals (yer
rane and by acknowledgment Of nucleus. C) In mus
cles by simple confluence Of cells end 10 end anu mn IN
formation of cells in cy0bids which break Mp Their con-
tents being added 70 coblost tv0gtl The process IS
here attempt at development with only partial suc-
cess, the result being tissue OF small vltahty.
Even i'll repairnuIition. recourse is had TO the M,
Of the fetus contains for long period only these
nucleated cells or corpusces and that the lower vcre
brates have greater proportion OF these corpnsIes
than the higher whence probably their greater facility
repair reconstruction of lost limbs or parts.
What is the relation of cell division to the forces OF ma
ture and to which OF them as cause Is IL 10 De Ileeu
of the food Grotopasm to correlated amounts 9i heaI,
notion electricity, light (phosphoresence) ana nerve
tinct from any OF these Addition homogeneous Jumps
parts of protopasm tas in that lowest animal I[o-
tqn96a OF HOecke may be an exhibition OF mere mole
culaT force addition seen IN the crystal put cell on
vision is certainly something distinct m LOOKS hKe tk1
the exhibition OF another force and though TINS Is sun
an open question it may he called for the present grown
force is correlated to the other forGeS 6r lf %
Ii is potential in the protOpasm OF Doh prOoplasIc
ppfip ou he
continues it energetc when cells bnrst and dischafge
contained cyobastema, as in the formation OF cart
| The size of a part is then dependent upon the cell
the number Of segmens is due 10 the same cause The
whole question then, of the creation OF animal ana d
location of growth force Before discussing the lniu
growth force, II will be desirable To polht Qut te od
in which these influences must necessarily nave aHcleu
fon of growth in animals during that time most of
them are removed from the influence OF physea& & OF
or incapacy the energetic performance OF liefhc
the been rendered potential in eproductye
cells and become energetic 10 the GROWING ImIgs ot Wy
this my ysteIous process II is nevertheless tue Ilere Is
no act which does not direct grOwhOree ana therefore
there is no determination of growth-force which may
not become habitua There is, tnen, no habal deter
mination Of nowthforce which may not be inherited
and, of course in growing fGtus becomes az One %
energetic III the production OF structure III the
! direction inherited, which is acceeTation
III. THE influences DIRECTING GROWTH FORCE
causes second. use third, effort. Tile first Is not
especially prominent in tyTe-growth among animals As
to use we cannot muscle without increasing IT'S
bulk OF the teeth without inducing renewed deposit Of
dentine The hands Of the aborer always larger
than the hands S1 ose 10 deemneS tie
locality OF repetitiols OF parts ready eXiSng ana
determines increase OF growth force a the same tIc
by the increase OF food always accompanying increase o
work done, III every animal. CT,
But suppose there were no part or organ 10 use ouvn
must have been the condition Of every animal PRIOR 10
the aIpearaEce Of an additional dgt OF lG OF otAcF
useful element. IL appears that me deteEhauoI VI
growth1orce is not merely me Irritation OF tne p'L r 9
tine in the tooth the thickened epderms OF the
cells 10 the Scarad cornea of the frog Cohneims
perInent You cannot rub the selcrotica OF the eye
anda cOIrespOn ling Increase IN the amount OF nutrSe
fluid. But the ease may he diterent IN the
and hshes which under the control Oi the NOAOn on
the animal He.c, and IN many other instances WMcn
the direct control of the will through The media
ton of nerve force Therefore am disposed TO believe
that growth force may be by the VOOu o the animal
readily determined 10 locality where an executive
orcan does not exist as 20 the 1lt seeehI OF cen oi
effort N the order OF time the nst factor IN dcceea
/ uli TO their eXertOn.
! Use Of part by an animal is either cumpulsory or
optional In either case the use may be toOwcd by an
Increase OF nutrition under the influence the reflex
force Of direct Voition. compulsory would nat
uIaly occur IA new situations which take place apart
from the control @. the animal where noalternatye
prcscutCd. such wOuld arise a subneTcencc of
/ fand, where land animals might be imprisoned
island or in swamps surrounded by water, and compelled
| 10 assume a less aquatic life Another
case, which has also probably often occurred, would
! be when tie enemies might so increase as TO COM
pel number Of the latter 10 combat, who would
previously have escaped it, In these the structure
produced would be necessarily adaptive. But the effect
would be most frequently 20 destroy niuTe the ami
mails (retard them thus bTCrt INTO new situations and
compelled additional scic for existence has
no doubt the in ge gcal history. PTcscrva
tiOn with notifications wOu!d only ensue where the
| changes should be introduced very gradually This
No 10 a Mo
included those where choice selects from
several alternatives thus exercising its influence
structure Choice will he Influenced by the emotions
| the Imagination, and ty intelligence.
As examples Of intelligent selection the modified organ
isms the yarieties OF bees and anti be regarded