The New York herald., 1871-11-01

rae Present C..1,ds. .r - Russa..
We print IN another part of this mornings
issue letter from the correspondent Of the
HERALD In st. Petersburg. The communica-
ton Is one OF considerable interest at tho
present time, now that rumors Of army reor-
ganizations and military changes throughout
the empire Of the Czar are startling and ire
quent. The correspondents quotes freely from
pamphlet published by General Fadejew at
the close Of the Austrian campaign, whose
object evidently is to show that for years
back Russia has been watchful and
energetic, and that when the time comes
it will be found that the imperial
government has studied we'll the lessons of
the past. From the general tenor Of the COR
respondence 1t would seem that Russia is
preparing, and preparing encrgeticaly. too,
for war. How It is to be brought about Is
another question. 1t is scarcely necessary to
refer to the Hohenzollern affair at Ems to
call to mind the deadly conflict in which
France and Germany were so recently en-
gagged. Without any very great stretch of
the imagination one can perceive how another
Prince of the House of Hohenzollern might
kindlc o flame which would set all Europe
ablaze. Be this AS it may, Russia is arming
to the teeth, aud in short time will be ready
for any emergency. 1es
A little reflection will call to mind that for
long years previous to 1870 Prussia was
quietly pursuing peaceful policy towards
all her neighbors. Under this mild
garb her statesmen and her generals
were close observers Of the events
and changes going ON all over the world.
The Schleswig- -Holstein and Austrian affairs
wefe but slight evidences Of what Prussia
would eventually undertake and successfully
accomplish. The time at last arrived, France
cast down the gauntlet and Prussia, accepting
the challenge, took il up. How thoroughly
the little kingdom was prepared the world has
already ascertained. The policy of Russia
since the Crimean war furnishes us with a
somewhat similar parallel. When we consider
the vast extent of the Czar's dominions,
the immense difficulties of transporting
troops from the frozen regions of the
north to the shores Of the Black Sea, we can
readily realize the force Of the assertion that
the Russian soldiers were beaten long before
the present-now nearly twenty years
Russia has been quietly pursuing vigorous
policy towards the internal development of the
country. An immense network of railroads,
constructed in q manner to suit military
operations, is spread all over the empire.
These lipes are run right up to the frontiers,
and by these means troops can be transported
as rapidly as occasion may require. In this
way one of the great difficulties encountered
by the Russians in 1854 is surmounted.
Regarding the Russian army we find that
many improvements have been introduced into
its management. Needed reforms have exer.
cised wholesome effect on It, and although in
many respects it might be further improved, yet
il is to-day in higher state of efficiency than
at any other period in its history. According to
the figures furnished by the HERALD corre-
spondent Russia could at the present time
bring an effective force of eight hundred and
thirty thousand men into the field. This is
independent of the force in the Caucasian
provinces, which foots up the respectable
figure of two hundred thousand. Then the
number of troops in Orenberg, Siberia and
Turkistan count one hundred thousand
more, so that really, from the fig
ures thus furnished, Russia is ready to
put over million of men in arms. Referring
to a special despatch to the HERALD published
few days ago, we find that by general
order of the Russian War Office, duly approved
by His Majesty the Gar, the entire and
complete reorganization Of the imperial army
and the calling and training to arms of the
whole adult male population Of the country" is
directed to be put in force. This will swell the
figure to still larger proportions. The equip
ment of this immense army must not be
forgotten. The most approved patterns
of breech-loaders are now in the hands
of Russian soldiers. The figures show
that six hundred and sixty mine thousand of
the Berdan, Kruka, Carre and Brancon rifles
are in use. Four handred mitrailleuses also
find q place in the service. From what we
have said and from the figures given it Is
plain that Russia is preparing for struggle
on an enormous scale. Nearly twenty years
of peace have given the empire nm opportu-
nifty which evidently has not been neglected,
and when the time comes-and 1t may not be
far distant The indications arc that Russia
has proHted well by the lessons she has set
before her both at home and abroad. a 81
THE SITUATION IN MExIoo.-A HERALD
special telegram from Matamoros, which we
publish to-day, reports the situation of affairs
which existed in the Mexican republic on the
23d Of October. Juarezs cause was more
hopeful and the current Of events in favor Of
his government. Por6rio Diaz was not in the
aala Moxino citu ramainad nuiaf Many