New-York tribune., 1871-11-22
THE HASSLER EXPEDITION
EXPLORATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN OCRANa
THE sTEAMKR-THE MEaBERs OF TIE PARr,
-OiJECTS or THE EXPEDITION -IsCp

BOSTON, NOV. 2O.-l he liasslcr IN which tbe
proposed expedition sails for an exploration IN tho
Southern Atlantic and Pacfr is an ron..crey .esmo,
OF $50 tnns burden. buit Phadephia cSprc..v 70,
III" work ~ the Coast Survey upon the Pacific co.,
iSmnch - Va" iia---r Of necessity. had 10 make tho
voyage around Cape tIIOrn and northw.rd trouyh o.,
Ia me- the superintendent ~ the Coast Survey Prof
lI'r'e IN orl'r That u" H"Vas" m~lt some ,u,
purpose, determined that the time should br ernpovoa
In the investigation Of certain questions which c. olv
b" studied 10 ai'aniLS under such Circumstance, In
order Ia inIkc the expedition of m, ercair-, ,s,.si,,
yIlmc and in order to further not only the Interest, .,
the Coast survey bn a'-o i!r gnrrl interest. Of ..A
tile inycstig ,ton. h" nekrI Prof. h.,,.Iz q,
Cambridge to take The direction ~ a p!r,y ,o 70,
in the IIa>cr and thus max" the voyage winch to ,bo
Coast survey WA bu tedious nrce.sity, of Inr'r al
vantage 10 science. The m'iilt"n Vas acorp'.d apb
enrlr III the summer the work Of prparJti,n l..,r
Aihough ~" opportunity for work had thus been of
ferd y the Coast survey, money wao needed dofr.y
TIE large cxnn>cs winch mus; ,,il attend .,ch
an cxpeton tn srUrrO-ity ~ several iIrHd. 1t o
IN Boston Ia, already supplied IA" want, aid
$1,000 have been subscribed to al ,ance the WORK fl
most among those who have thus insured the ,InrA. ~
the expedition Is one to whom Sccier ady ho
hcaIte,t thanks for the liberal pprO J." gaze to tho
expiration Of Aga-,z IN Brizil-u .ort which r.ieu
possible for the Srra, naturalist tDp"cDnpl-h work
the importance Of which future yeas aiOnr WI show
u,
Ti,slrr. will sail Mrs. AgIS,l. 'pu'' de- p1uite- ono
Of the hr, to begin Ia" deep dr. dging. Dr. Franz
Stein Jdchmer. the famous rt'Y 'OI:- - ycuni gho
fDr two years past has been studying Ia C,nbrI.c ~
fishes broaght by Aga,sIz from LraA Df Thomas iIh
ex Pre- dent OF Harvard College, and Mr.. Bak, an ~
ssi ant OF Prof Agas-z.
Too much can hardly be said praise ~ the pln of
the IIas,er although the of 'ho wNk by tho
contractors is faulty that three week, work A,
". h,rl ,.J
all things ready for Her dnr'l-iol, ere I,r,h
over ALL 6j tct BEAM % feet; depth of hod 10 ir
Her engines mOicls Of economy and poUrt
giving a speed OF eight knots Win coI,lHp
tiou OF but three to four tun. Of coal day
A powerfu. steam reel for hauIng the linz. 20 deep
sea .ounngs lias been placed ON the forward de.k AMI
ju-t aft Of the snOkc.ack another reel FOR the Trow
bridge sounding apparatus. Thr cabin AMI state rpos
are well lighted and well ventilated, and forward there
i, large chart-roOni which be- used rs hc working
room OF the party. Among the conyenencc4 with Stch
the IIa.scr provided Is seamlannch. q feet !ons
whith Will doubtless be- OF great service IN slOal
water when not IN her engines can De- l,c0nDe ted
and boited upon the ancdcck, while The launch rides
easily upon davIts at the steamers side. Ihc 'ee's
commanded by Capt +. {. Johnson, with Lehi' Ken
npdy and Day, whose scientific attainnent., and wboA
thorough sympathy with ;he work to be DONE VII prove
OF essential service " the expedition.
The objects OF the expedition various, and ihs
labor has been ynlcd to insure the COLLECTION ot
facts Of the greatest and most varied mIDtano' Tho
ocean itself will be- the chef object Of n'fsli.ilion
troug the voyage. The temperature 0f tie water
at various depths will he carefully studied the percent
age OF salt which AMI th" nature Of the bJ"m
Tn. temperature can readily be- determined By ot
delicate self registering thermometers. carefully pro
tected against the pressure Of the water Another ap
paratus tor determining the temperature o r sea NJ any
depth has recently been devised in England by Mr.
I.emens, and s value Will now for the first time b"
satisfactorily tested 1t depends upon the fact that The
resistance which Galyanlc current meets IN passing
through coli Of wir" varies with the temperature Two
coils OF platinum wire made "a to Offer exactly tho
same resistance at the temperature to gayanc
current. one OF these coils Il placed In PAL! "i "s
water on deck and the other is lowered by insulated
cable to any desired depth BY neat contrivance tho
Inference 10 the rcsistanccs IA then measured aud
thu, difference gives the of determining how many
degrees warmer or colder than the water on deck The
water below must he.
The percentage OF salt is not 40 easy to determine
board ship. or course. the motion Of the ship would
render impossible the use OF tho balance which "ouh
give the most accurate results. However Damuch a.
the density OF the sea-water increases within certain
limits in exact proportion to the amount OF salt con
tains accurate dete limitations of its specific gravity wm
give the necessary information Delicate hydf0meV"
will therefore be carried which are 50 mace AZ " e'a
the fourth decimal. STILL in the Use OF hydromter
it has been feared that the rolling Of the ship might oea
cause difficulty, and another instrument mas there"e
been constructed especially for the expedition wh"h
il hoped Will give accurate results II ssGrs'
Arrangement for measuring the angle by which Light 70.
refracted or bent out OF Its in passing hrughs
hollow glass prism filled with seawater. Tue sinounsd
deviation with the density OF the water spd
as the whole apparatus, like soxtant be hedin tho
hand tho motion of the ship cannot greatly interfere
with For the study VI the bed. powerful
dredging apparatus has been prepared. by means OF
which large quantities OF material can be brought HON
tho bottom at great depths
Although science See ks truth pure and simple most OF
us are inclined To ask what the truth H. 10 avail Wien
it Is found At first sight it would seem that little coud
be gained by dredging up mud from Tie b'Dm VI
the sea but the pleasure Of knowing "Ds' wa
there, and that knowledge OF the temperature ana
saltness OF the could only interest us Is 1t ai'e'ted
our choice OF Summers bamngplaee, AMI ye' 'he
are question. Of the greatest practical Importance Inc
deep sea currents be traced bv the cjnn2iroh 'u
char setter OF the ocean bed the surface currents ny
the tenrr,turr and s,tpess OF the water. Inc Gi'"t
gulf stream running nottllwari along or ti'''"
shore Is so much warmer than the water ol Tue "''"
in general that the Thermometer s''s '''' $50, &
approach to land. Although this iIndy W i ha'H'u
a thorough knowledge of the great ocean eu''" ~
their temperatures could not but be oi Gfea' P'"'"N
yll,lc So also. the ranging denslty OF the "'''' ~
might make the hydonleter rs valuable 10 ''' ''''o'
the Thermometers. The great current OF "t'' ""'
poured ont at the mouth Of the Amazon ifesinN the Ma
for hundreds OF miles Three hundred miles ti'H 'e
sho,,. the current T. sill well dtGncn, al" WIN" "
limit. thu water contains but two-'hra' a. "'N ''' ~
.,o ,i.,f ,,can In sailin ng soutnward IN tac Atlantic
tb, change IN the specific gravity OF the water """a
give Information a. definite AID valuable as i'' fi%s
tho Thermometer does to the ships appi"' "hs -"
American shore from the east
There IL ,tli another question about h' "a''' VI WV
sea- Viii, H. ailor I'll ci great interest. 'N II" h''n"F
zeal inpo,tancr f. III deep -ci '.r' -'h: are WI l
fectiy ors.ni1rd creatures api"ir"'} l' " "F'. :"
ui.n II, ht ny any ~ tr ior,ls so'rrl'ri" '""''
ALWAYS has hc,n assumed TINT beyond 'tr'Ai" "P.
,,.- c,,d he n, ,,h rom thr sim and that th' iTM