The New York herald., 1871-12-11

convince also all public authorities, how fecund Is
liberty ana how fitting Ii association for all grand
THE ENGLISH AND GERMANS.
Look gent emen, look at the dilatatlon or the new
ideas ana the aspirations In al parts The Ger
mans are in contemporane0us civilization what the
Greeks were In the ancient CIVILIZATION the think
what tine Romans were -the political and practical
men. As practical men they mad established q
formula by means OF which the laboIer could be
independent or tne capitallst-namev co. operation.
Thanks 10 IT, there exist even grand cities 0i work
ingmen, formed INTO associations OF much wealth
and Of much political influence. The associations
oil Rochdale nave attained such prosperity and
strength tnat they appear destined to afford
an the q s U 0e5
working classes Meanwhile, an iliustrious
German, invoking the princlpae OF reciprocity Of
services uniting the labOrers In associations, where
each one guaranteed tne credit OF ALL arrived at Inc
creation OF popular banks IN Germany-a compl-
Engllsh ab0rers. Then those q spersed revolution.
aries who had passed from Germany 70 France,
aud from France 10 Belgium. aud from Belgium 10
England wlIh their minds decided TO redeem the
working classes sought to carry their new ecOnomi
Cal discoveries to ali Europe. and to unite IN one
grand, immense association all tAe labOrers OF the
Continent. C0eval with this Was lively demon
stralion that human industry u cosm0polftan-the
great Exnioitlon In London. one deeu Is worln lo
tiOn OF the results OF international iigatures and
thus commenced the as socation OF winch we treat
the International Hence It's germ.
THE FOUNDER or THE INTERNATIONAL.
But the name, the social formula lt now bears
nad another origin worthy o. s.ady: Keslrct: pro,
error should 90 persecuted, and you Will lind tnat
the formula OF the International was born IN the
conscience oil people mute-serts-the people OF
Russia. certain elOquenC Russian, eMinentiy re-
voluu0nary, ned from 81. Petersburg his country,
to London In search OF liberty for his Thought. He
cOnsecrated himself there TO the publication OF q
newspaper destined to en Knde social revolution In
Russia. me Emperor Nicholas punished rs reading
even With death; out yet ne saw II every wherein
his palace, in ms garden, In his box at the
theatre, on the cnalr IN his chapel, with
manner IN which The inccndary sheet CAME SO con-
stantly TO hts hand. In tins newspaper there was
regularly criticised the Russian Court the nobl'iy
the BUREAUCRATIC nerarchiei, the Church, with It's
clergy wiiIe ana It's clergy back and at the same
the organization OF seridom But you are mis-.
taken II you tnnk that newspaper confined itself
solely TO Kussan questions. It treated OF a social
questions and Ia new and original manner. It
sand there were three iund amenlal races to-day In
Edrope-the Latin, tue German. saxon aad the
Kuss0.Scav0nic. The Latin race Is u s0claistlc
race. 1t founded all the great s0cia institutions.
Is liberal race. but it ID also selfish race great
lovers OF Their own hreslde, or individual property
s1a be sacerey n race aes
tined 70 sclve the social problem, and
winch had the greatest aptitude Tor 1t, was the
Sclavonic race LIBERAL like the Saxon
race, 80 mucn so tnar 1t mad no notion OF STATE,
being federalistic and social That IN It's munlci
pals tDere reail, existed no other authority tnan
the authority OF everybody, Otner property tnan
the collective properlythe property OF all and Tor
a ~, anus sne Sv9ns gave Tue Two srana ormaas
purely adinilistr ativc fuuctiOas the State nom
l0illica, eIeratlon OF muuclpals and. to pro.
1aLd aud Of all the instruments OF labor being IN
the hands oil the inhabltants, or OF those whose
names are inscribed in the municlpas.
Oie man, oil enterpli,lng aud active genius
truly extraordinary from his hign capacity
ss sns arce ana nsane managed
great power OF language from the middle
OF Siberia, where he was oanlsned Tor lormer
attempts at political revolution, and whence ne
miraculOisly escaped 10 the Sclavous, with whom
he Was united not only ny granu connections, but
also Dy hls race his Dood anu has OF. gln-that man
Was Russian, q :ociAvOn also AT inns lime, WINE
the seris oeXan to understand IN brief nelr
formula tnere was celebrated the nrst conference
many years-Ihe International congress OF Geneva
ln that congress tue SctavOns presented their three
ad.ninlstfauve iuucuOns. the municipal Communist
and property COLLECTIVE. Tue European democracy
was not willing ~ accept these three formulas.
The obJectOrs threatened grand excsi0n out the
matter was referred to second Con2ress-that OF
Berne 10 be held the next year.
NATi0SALlTiES STEALING
In the Congress or Geneva they voted by indi-
vlduals Tne french were IN q majority but the
Scayons managed TO arranse tndt the next Con-
gress Should vote py nattOnalitles. When they
came to vote by natioialitics there resulted very
singular tniny-na.neiy. tlat Ii, iOr exampe there
should only haye one VOC, wh,e II Lnere was but
one Slanlard lie should nave one vo,e Tue
together In Berne would adopt, in ITS second Con-
gress, tneir poutical formula, with Its collected
tnas Russia disputed long long ti@ss tis with '"Eer Ger.
many Ior the latter, tried to alter the
many votes as her confederation had King.
dJms The SclavOn SAID II Germany was to be
votes for Russia for RUSSIA mad swallowed up Iour-
teen na0ns. lney ultimately agreed that Russia ana
Germany should be eacn considered as representing
one nation, aud have one vote apiece. kussla In
cludel Poland which was represented by IN Illus
tIlOus man, who has since died the death of
martyr III deieuding the Independence OF france.
the luea oi collective Uwuersiip Italy, represented
by . Celebrated doc.or; France BY an enlnelt
Gus men OF The age, and Germany Dy multitude
Of Its most distinguished men pronounced against
the three nations beng tnus opposed to the three
other nations. l was the only Spaniard present.
replied wltn the sincerity ali ever mad in me, ii
brlnS no authoritative representation. have not
consul ed with my political friends SPAN Is now
In the commencement oil q revolution ana cannot
now occupy herself with the question as to whether
prOprietorsnp siiOud De COLLECTIVE or individual.
Consequently could not vote lor want OF authority
Tneu they SAID me, "Almost all the democrats as.
scuDed mere are III the same position, but all have
been wrlers or Deputies all are wen known In their
Respective naiions, all have influence IN their
politics, all nave an i.ustrious name-except
me VINO have none-.laugnten--all are listened
to by their Fellow citizens, aud consequently their
representation o collective representaIion.n Then
l vO.ed, and l decided not In the name or TIE
Spanish nation nor OF o. my political party, but
Ia favor OF indlv,duai pr0prlciorshIp ani against
conceive propretorship tMurmurs. what, are
you surpriseu2 Perhaps some oil YOU wouiu have
v0.eu the otner ways (Crles or ''Yes! yes - AMI
"No no ~ "Then gentlcmel,h the Sclavon SAID,
al shall never again JOIN u congress vi the Euro
pean democracy. shall Keep aiovi, l SHAH write
apat orgalhe apart, influence aparu Qaugh.
ter, which seemed 70 annoy Castelar, Those who
think THESE things Insignificant don't know tnat this
organization has produced the International, that
this organization has produced the grand move.
ments OF France. tLlausnter on the rgntl You
lauYh because you are incapable OF cOmprenending 4
the movement Of IDEAS lOud applause the EFT; /;
confusion on the right.1 Gentlemen, from that mo
nient the SclavOns commenced TO influence In the
congresses OF the International Tne latter, there
fore, iel under the tuteage Of those who had scp.
rated themselves from the democratic Congresses OF
Europe, wnicn was wnat atLempte to show.
THE FIRST CONGRESS- OF THE INTERNATIONAL.
The International had celebrated various con-
crosses prior 20 the congresses OF the democracy.
The internatonalists met lor the first time ON the
4th OF september, 1896, In Geneva. That was the
first congress Of this society," when 50 much fright
ems you.
ITS DIRECTION IS IN LONDON,
aDd 1t holds Its congresses periodically Senior
love Hevia lthe originator OF this depate) spoke
n tpfr ma finn d.