davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
THE WEEKLY JOURNAL

II THE WEEKLY JOURNAL .,,..
Will: contain faithful resume Of the News of
the Week from all parts of the world; full and
accurate reports Of the Richmond and Baltimore
Markets; well digested Editorials upon all the
current matters Of interest, Political Financial
Commercial, Agricultural and general topics !;
selections from the leading journals of this
try, local and State news, &c. This paper will
maintain the principles Of The National Repub-
lican Party, and strenuously advocate all mea-
sures to advance the public good Believing
POPULAR EDUCATION to be the great want
of our State and Country, we shall give large
space to its advocacy. We shall devote n large
portion OF our columns to the subjects of Agri-
cultural horticultural and Mining interests, Civ
ing interesting articles these subjects from able
contributors. t,.. 81
Remittances should be made by money orders
OF registered letters, and addressed to
EDWARD DANIELS . e
Editor and Manager State journal, Richmond
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
= WePAPEAs h
rTHE WEEKLY sfATE JOURNAL, N
I A RELIABLE FAMILY NEWSPAPER
DEVOTED TO
POLITICS, SCIENCE, LITERATURE,.A GR1-
CULTURE, AND THE MECHANIC, ARTS,
Alta PRICE WITHIN REACH OF ALL.
THE CHEAPEST AND THE BEST.
s SPECIMEN, COPIES SENT FREE,
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.


9, M Any person procuring ten or more subscri-
bers will be entitled 10 receive copy Of the paper
for one year gratis or, II they desire it, may re-
tain ten per cent Of the amount Of the subscrip
ton, as remuneration for their trouble
4, In addition to the inducements offered by the
above liberal Club rates, we will present to the
person sending us THE LARGEST LIST OF
SUBSCRIBERS before the first of November
next, one sgaIas asisf q I'd sloFiY-
4 SINGERS FINE SEWING MACHINES
complete. This machine has been purchased,
and can be seen at the Singer Agency of .Messrs
Shaffer Strong, No. sl3 Main street Richmond.
COMPETE FOR THIS SPLENDID PRIZE.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
NfOUNTAIN-TOP HOTEL.

1vl .fffiff ii - lttflffa r
This desirable and beautiful summer resort
situated on the summit of the Blue Ridge Noun
tain, ON the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio rail-
road, one mile from Alton depot, Albemarle
county, commanding full view of the surround
ing country, has been enlarged and thoroughly
re1itted, and will be open on the LIST of JUNE.
BoARD-Per month"; $40: per week, $l2; per
day, 81. Children under IL years, and colored
servants, halfprice.
The CHALYBEATE SPRINGS are equal to
any in the State. -
Coaches will run daily to and from the depot
je 15-Sm JNO. N. BALLARD
WI EST END HOTEL, LONG BRANCH, N.
w j., formerly Stetson House.) Just refit-
ted; open June 18th; modern in structure and
first-class in every respect. viii be under the
management of James Sykes, of Wizards,
Washington, and Peter Gardner, now of the
Gilsey House, New York, formerly of the New
York Hotel. Applications for rooms, &C., received
at the hotel, or by MIR. Gardner at Gilsey House.
N: Y SYKES, GARDNER Co,
jel5-tS1 Proprietors.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
SHIPPING

oh NE" ' YORK :. / -- --,,f H. 4. -
The OLD DOMINION, STEAMSHIP CONi-
PANY'S elegant side-wiieel steamship VIVA
NOKE, Captain BOURNE, will leave her wharf at
Rockets on TUESDAY, July 10Th, at 10 A. nj.
Freight received until o'clock A. M, .ss,
Through bills Of fading signed, and goods for
warded with dispatch TO all points--north south,
east and west. Close connections made with Gu
nard line for foreign ports.
Passenger accommodations unsurpassed.
Steerage .......................-.., o 90
Round Trip Tickets ..................... 20 90
For freight or passage, apply to 4A ~
lSis JOHN w. WYATT, Agent,b9
jy 24-1t 4 4 No. Governor street.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25

"a AO4es --l.if4t-
T..
DEALER ~ flst5l
MACHINERY, RAILROADS, MANUFACTU-
RERS' AND ENGINEERS SUPPLIES,
TENTH ST, BETWEEN MAIN AND GARY,
aa 81 {. RICHMOND, VA, r laiieer
STEAM ENGINES of improved construction,
for all purposes, of Richmond or Northern build.
(, S r.6i MACHINERY FOR
Railroad, Machine, Car and Carpenter Shops,
Planning Mills Sash, Blind, Door, Cabinet-ware
Chair, Bedstead, Wooden-ware, Agricultural,
Machine, Handle, Spoke, Staye, Carriage Wood,
Cotton and Wooden Factories, Cotton Gins,
Farmers, Folindries, Rolling Mills, Tobacco Fac
tories, Tanneries, Saw, FIGURING, Corn and Paper
Mills Mines, &c, &C.; Forged and Rolled Iron. (,
Improved Shafting, Pulleys and Hangers Belt
ing, Lace Leather, Saws, Files, Wrenches, Twist
Drills, Steam Gauges, Saw Gauges, Saw Gum
mers, Steam and Water Pipe and Fixtures, Pack
ing, Journal Metal, Pick and Tool Handles, Tur-
bine Water Wheels, Sc, &C. s---.,sf
. SECOND HAND MACHINERY and STEAM
BOILERS bought, sold and exchanged A guam
tity of the same on hand TO be sold low such as
Engines Boilers, Mill Stones and Gearings, Wood
Working, Machinery, &c. .s5.,,.'- $780,
Plans and estimates of Machinery for Mills,
and Manufactures of all kinds. NH l-d&wly
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25

WIN. b. COOK. JOHN vILRs
NEW FIRM. ,as.
.as .d-- rg fpnHa 9isi1,l.al
PIIGNIx FOUNDRY, H tiaii ~
No. EIGHTH STREET, BETWEEN MAIN AND
FRANKLIN, RICHMOND, VA.
"aaWM. B. COOK & co. a
With improved facilities and with determine
ton to please in prices and style OF work, we re-
specially ask from the people OF Richmond, Tir-
GINA, and the South generally a fair share of
patronage.
We Manufacture titNiii fiiit D -iI tt.it
& D 0ill4 hlap. IA + 81, lfuiHa9 70
IRON FRONTS, .ul eaf
Veraiidahs, Balconies, Iron Ratings Vault and
Cellar Doors, Gratings, Window Guards, AVN
ing Frames, Gorintliian Columns and Capitols,
ornamental Window Gaps, Ornamental Brackets
for balconies Shelving, &C., Ventlators for Brick
and Wood Cornice, Gas and Water Pipe, Hy-
drant Keys and Rods for Gas and Water, Traps
for Culverts and Hydrants, Coal Shoots, and all
kinds OF IRON WORK for buildings generally.
We also manufacture, together with the above,
work PLOW-CASTINGS and would respect
fully solicit the patronage of merchants and
farmers. All work guaranteed, and orders filed
with dispatch. no l6--6m
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
WATCHES AND JEWELRY.


~ 80 CHICAGO, january rs, 1870.
T. M. AVERY, 9fHi = iileIl rst9faI ll .3si0
- Pres't of the National Watch Company
B DRAR SRI have now been carrying one of
tern, for nearly five months, and it affords me
much pleasure TO testify in favor of its time keep-
ing qualities, in which, after this length of time,
have great confidence. 1t has from The first run
very close to the standard time the slight varia-
ton being uniform, and susceptible of correction
by careful regulation. My experience thus far
justifies the opinion that it is very SAFE and re-
liable time-keeper. ss5tflt l-I- tt.., .srs H., al
'h Respectfully yours,
az -ttfi II. T., SARGENT,
Is iri,..i fif0s5rf Gen'l Sup't
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
-------------------
~ II Il AN r. q 4 A X

We will send handsome Prospectus of our
Neso Illustrated Family Bible containing over 900
fine Scripture Illustrations to any Book Agent,
free ofslchafge Address NATIONAL Pub
LISTING Co, Phila., Pa, Atlanta, Ga, or st.
Louis, Mo. u tsf tasf t3EJ liz ffl tfyt
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25

VXTANTED-Agents, is2o per day to sell the
% w celebrated HOME SHUTTLE SEWING
MACHINE Has the underfed, makes the flock
stitch (alike on both sdes) 3nd is fully licenced
The best and cheapest family Sewing Machine in
the market. Address JOHNSON, CLARK
co, Boston, Mass, Pittsburg, Pa, Chicago H..
or St Louis Mo- 'Ns~s ~ r y je lJ-4w
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25

Liberty, Va, July 18th, 1874.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25
MACHINERY, &c.

Works and office: 1922, 1424,
1926, and l42S Cary street,
and Nos. IS and Is
south Fifteenth
street, 4uev4
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-07-25

UNRouALBD For BEAUTY OF LOCATION AND sALUBRITy
OF cLIMATE-FrYE BEACH FOR BATHING
Dsl. SPLENDID FISHING ASD BOATING. > i1 ifl'
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06
PronoSals for Barley.

CEALED PROPOSALS will be received C at the office of John G. Capron, Tue son, A. T., until 12 o'clock NJ. on Friday, May l2, 1871, for furnishing Three Hundred Thousand (300,0OW Pounds of Barley, at the different stage stations between Gila City and Tucson. The Grain to be No. 1 article, we'll cleaned. Sacks will be fur nished
 Bidders will please state the price in U. s. currency. Bonds will be required to in- sure fulfillment of contract, if awarded. The right is reserved to reject any or all Bids. JOHN G. CAPRON.
 T. EWING, Agent. Tucson April 15, 1871. 27td
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06
The District of Columbia.

Up till quite recently, Congress has maintained direct control of this polit- ical division, but the fist Congress en lcted law granting to its people about the same powers for self govern ment that IS enjoyed ty the Terri tories. The President will apoint the governor, judges and other principal officers, and the people will choose a Legislature and Delegate to Congress. An election has recently been held and a Washington dispatch says that, P members of the house of delegates, the republicans elected l5 and the demo- crats '. General Chipman, Repub- lican, is elected Delegate to Congress by four thousand majority over Mer- rick
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06
Territorial Boundary at Arizona
 City.

It seems San Diego wants more than a continental railway, and as much more as 1t can get honestly, we shall rejoice to see in its possession i; but when its people undertake to prey upon our people, then to that extent we shall give them our earnest oppo- sition. By our Arizona City letter, it will be seen that San Diego wants taXes-a common want-but wants them this side the Colorado, and we tell the enterprising people of that ambitious city, that California does not now nor never did have legal juris- diction over an inch of territory this side the center of that river. Any in telligent man, who knows where the Mexican and U. S. Boundary crosses the Colorado, may readily discover this truth by a careful examination of the records of the Boundary survey, together with the treaty of Guadelou- pc Hidalgo which makes said survey part of the treaty, the Constitution of California, and the original Organic Act of New Mexico. In making these examinations, the searcher for the truth must keep in mind that the na- tional boundary line actually crosses the Colorado about seven miles 5eJow Arizona City, and at that point and no other, the California boundary in- tersects the one between the United States and Mexico.
 We have given the people of San Diego credit for pluck, for proper am- bition, average honesty and intelli- gence, but if they cannot ascertain their error in this case, and drop the contest, then we shall be obliged to admit that one or more of our credits should be withdrawn. There is less use for San Diego to investigate this question to naake out a case to meet their views, than to find the truth as we have stated.
 Had it not been that Arizona City and higher local authorities have, at times heretofore, submitted to the col lection of taxes east of the Colorado, we should regard this San Diego as- sessor's conduct as piece of unparal- leled official impudence.
 Unasked advice is seldom welcome, but we urge our Arizona City people to proceed with their town site busi- ness just as rapidly as possible, and we venture the opinion that the land officers of the government will grant them a patent to the land in dispute, and that in every phase the case can be presented to the U. $. authorities, that the position we take will be sus- tained
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06
LETTER FROM ARIZONA CITY.
TOwn-sitc--Disputed Boundary San Diego Assessor Tn BOnds-- Trouble Ahcad--Judge Tweed-- &c., &c.


 &c., &c.
 ARIZONA CITY, A. T., April 23, Fl Nothing seems to disturb the equa- nimity of our citizens. Of late an oc- casional shooting scrape or arrival of a steamer occurs at irregular intervals, gives little spice to our rather hum drum existence.
 The town assumed a new dignity of late, having incorporated az village and now sports full blown Mayor and Common Council, who meet oc- casionalIy and solemnly "cuss and dis cuss' the interests of the municipality. They have established their corporate limits and are taking measures to se- cure patent from the U. S., for the lands occupied by the town.
 The old boundary dispute here, is now taking a decided form, and every thing bids fair for fun ahead. San Diego county sent over an Assessor here to assess the property upon the disputed strip. As soon as he began operations, he was gobbled up and brought before Yuma co. Justice, on the charge of a misdemeanor. He waived an examination until he re- ceived advice from headquarters, and was let loose upon giving bail ill the amount of $2,OO0 for his appearance in ten days. Of course this Is the be- ginning of big muss. San Diego Is not likely to back down, and folks in this county have got lots of "back- bone
 There is to be an election Monday for city treasurer; Spann and Mar tin are the rival candidates.
 Judge Tweed and family arrived here the day before yesterday. It's hot.
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06
l. arge Sale of Property

WYE WILL SELL AT PRIVATE SALES w Is Wagons, 150 set of Harness, 125 good Mules, 50 good Horses of all work, Saddles, Brides, &c. 800 head of beef Cattle; milk Cows and work Oxen; Hogs, Sheep; Flour, Beans, Bacon, Pork, Tallow, Dry Hides, Blacksmith's Tools; Moving machine and Having Tools; also, a large lot of useful property too numerous to chandise.
 We will sell all of the above at reduced prices for cash or good notes.
 We will trade any of thc above property for grain.
 HINDS 6 HOOKER. Tucson, A. T., Jan T, 1871. 14tf
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06

"Tom, where's that counterfeit $10 bill you had a while ago?" We'll. I never was quite clear in my mind about dat are bill. Some days l thought it was bad bill, and other days thought 1t was a good bill and one O dem days when thought it was a good bill, l jes' passed it away!"
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06

THE people of Colfax Co.,, New Mexico, have a little speck of war, and Governor Pile has issued a pro- clamation on the subject. It seems that some placer mines were working claims on Ute Greek, on lands claim ed by the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company, that the agents of said company "went to said loca- lty, carrying arms in violation of the laws of New Mexico" and that in the language of the Governors proclama- tion, the placer miners combined to- gether and ''compell6d said employees to give up their arms and other prop erty, and now hold and retain the same unlawfully, and in violation of the peace and dignity of the Territory of New Mexico" If the Land Grant party have legal title, and it seems they have by all reports, the placer men will have to yield, for law will eventually govern, and by it all con- contested titles will be fnnally ad- judicated.
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06
Pine Lumber!

THE SANTA RITA SAW MILL co. l are now prepared to furnish all kinds of
 Lumber and Shingles at the Lowest Prices and of the Very Best Quality ever offered in this market.
 Parties wanting any kind of lumber will please leave their orders at the store of Messrs. E. N. Fish S Co.,, and they will be promptly filled. 25tf
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06

SANTA FE II. M. was visited on the 25th ult., by storm of hail and snow.
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06

SUBSCRIBE for the local paper.
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06

Our facilities or purchasing and ar engagements tor selling are fully completed and we now offer to the trade Full Stock of Merchandise in each department, com prising all articles enquired for, and sala- ble throughout the Territory.
Arizona citizen., 1871-05-06

We sell at small advances FOR CASH, and are positive that it is to the benefit of every Interior Merchant to buy of us-ip
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1871-12-14
Horse Talk,

Gov. Sprague intends holding run
ming meeting at Narrangansett Park
next summer, when it is rumored, 500
900 viii be given in purses.
Dexter, III private trial, is said to
have trotted mile in minutes and
IA seconds. Billy Boyce paced mile
i'll minutes, IA seconds, under sad
die.
Mr.. Belmont has purchased of Mr..
Lorillard his two-year colt Wade
Hampton, by Asteroid out of Ham
burg's dam, for g, 900, with his engage
ments.
The match for $4,000 between the
stallion George Wilkes and the gelding
Judge Fullerton, which was to have
been trotted in fleetwood Pnrk On
Saturday last, is drawn by mutual con-
sent OF the owners, Mr.. Humphrey S.
and Mr. W. Simmos.
Mr. Bonner drove Startle of Fleet
wood track a mile in harness in the
fastest time on record for four-vear
old Time, 2 min. Is sec. Considering
the dull and heavy track on account of
the lateness of the season this was an
extraordinary performance. The same
day Mr.. Bonner drove Joe Elliot amile
over Fleetwood Park to his road wag-
gon in min. 20! sec.
! Peter Nance offers to match the six
year old stallion W. A. Allen for 81, 900,
mile. heats, host 3 in 5. in harness,
against br, G. Geo, B. Palmer or S, g.
Judge, Fullerton. Dan Mace, their
driver and trainer, said he wanted to
see Mr.. Erastus B. Corning of Albany,
the owner of Geo. Palmer, before he
could make a match, but he would
match Judge Fullerton against W. H.
| Allen for $1,000, to trot next spring.
Peter Nance in reply answered; II
may be dead by that time Now is the
chance and here is the money. Delays
are dangerous. Put up or shut up.
How is that for high ~
/ Mr.. Lowell offers to match American
Girl against Lucy or any other trotter
in shape of horse flesh for 81, 500 bar
/ Goldsmith Maid. If the parties own
ng the Maid are willing to handicap
her and carry fifteen pounds extra
weight over the rules of the track Mr..
Lowell will match American Girl
against her for $4,000, an up and up
race asking no favors. He would like
the parties to tx upright gentlemen for
Judges; for instance some such men as
Shepard T. Knapp, SIM Hoagland,
Geo. B. Alley, Geo. Gordon, or James
d. McMann, Of Flora Temple fame.
Or Mr., Lowell offers to bet $4,000
against IS, 900 that American Girl trots
a faster mile on the day of the race be-
tween Goldsmith Maid and Lucy than
either of them. First come, first sery-
ed. Ii Goldsmith Maid or Lucy re.
spond, the public would be well pleas
ed. The race would bring a larger
number of spectators to witness it than
have been on a trotting track for many
years, and put to shame the hippo
drome exhibitions
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1871-12-14


The red ana gathers up his beams,
10 bia the Aithert q earth farewell,
And voices from the swelling streams
Are ringing with the evening bell
Th, cold lake sobs with restless grief,
where late the water Hiies grew,
While autumn fowl, and autumn leaf,
Are sailing down the rivers blne.
Forsaken are the woodland shrines,
The robin aud the wren have fed,
aud winds are wailin9 through the pines
A dirge for summers glorious dead
Fen man forsakes his daily strife,
And muses. on the bright things hown,
As If in Natures changing lie
He saw the picture Q, hisioWn
| often think, at this sad hour,
As evening veeps her earliest tear,
And gliuset 0ilds the naked bower,
And waves are breaking cold ana Gear,
OF that glad time, whose memory dWels
like starlight DER life's cloudy weather.
When side by side We royed the 1alB
OF proud Now EDgland'a coast together.
Twas on old Plymouth's rock-famed.sh shore,
one calm November night with thee,
I watched the long light trembling Ger
The pillows of the eastern sea
The weary day had sank 10 rest
Beyond the lines Of leafless wood,
And guardian clouds from south 70 Wtsl,
ARRIVED ~ hues Of crimson stood.
We climbed the hill Of noble graves,
Where the stern patriarchs Of tho land
seemed listening to the same grand waves
That freed them from tn oppressor's hAnd
We talked of spirits pure and kind,
With gentle forms and loving eyes,
OF happy homes we left behind,
In Wales beneath the western skies
few brief days-and whom the earth
Grew white around the travellers teet,
And bright fires blazed on every hearth,
We parted never more % meet
Until 20 where thou art gone,
From ths dark world of death ana ohBht,
And walk with thee above the sun
That sank upon thy grave tonight.
I hear the mu1ed tramp Of years
Come stealing mp the slope Of time;
They bear train Of smiles and tears,
OF burning hopes and dreams sublime;
But future years may never nInR
treasure from their passing hours,
Like those that come on sloeplass wing,
From mcmory's golden plain OF flowers.
The morning breeze Of loug ago
Sweeps DER my brain with soft control,
Tanning the cmbers to glow,
Amidst the ashes round my soul;
And boy the dim and pickering light,
1 see thy beauteOue form appear,
Like one returned from waadcriDg5 bright,
To bless nay lonely moments here.
Golden Age.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1871-12-14

4 BosTox Yankee has invented q
fruit preserving paper and it Is
claimed that actual tests have proved
il To lie a sure protector against the de-
cavof frut. ana in tact au yeget bic
matter. IT is asserted that the invent
nom viii preserve IN tranar ory0aon for
am indefinite length eff time
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1871-12-14
Further Frauds in New York.

An investigation into the Harlem
Court House expenses show that a
quarter of a million of dollars have
been expended for what could be done
for forty-six thousand, and 100000
have been stolen. The evidence I'M
plicates Harry Genet in the fraud.
1t is stated that deficit of between
5000, 600 and $500, 900 has deem discoy
cred in the account Of the Bowling
Green Savings Bank, but that it will
be made good by the ring officials.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1871-12-14

THE last thing seen by many people
deceased was kerosene
The democrat. [volume] (Weston, W. Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-11-06

The following are tho latest market
reports we have received:
BEEF CATTLE-Priccs to-day for
beef cattle ranged as follows: Best
bccyes at4 s7ta5 62I; generally rated
first quality all 2ja4 S74; medium
or good fair quality at 3 G2la4 % ;
ordinary thin steers, oxen and cows a,
. S7Ia3 62t; inferior and lowest grades
Of cattle 2 5Oa2 s74-gencral average
Of the market %. Extreme range Of
prices . s7ta5 G2!. Most of the sales
were from 4 90 to A IS per 100
pounds. OF the receipts 10 head
eamo from Maryland, 3l9 from Ohio,
800 from Yves, Virginia, 1856 from
Virginia, 50 from the District of Co,
lumbia. and 10 from Pennsylvania.
SHEEP AND LAMBS-Wc quote
fair to good sheep at ia5!c per pound
gross, and n few extra fno ut &c
Stock Sheep in fair demand at . 25a3
IS per head, as to size and quality,
Lambs are in demand at 2 25a3 per
head, as to quality.
H0Gs-We quote to-day at GAG so
per 100 Tbs net.
The democrat. [volume] (Weston, W. Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-11-06
Dried beef at lIriukman's.

IF TnE Township NAMrs.- We
have been requested to call the at,en.
ton OF tho Supervisors elect to what
has long been considered by many Of
our citizens a matter worthy of thciI
consideration We mean the names Of
the various Townships. 1t is consid.
cred desirable to return to the old
uaincs. the various localities are still
known and 60 by their original nomcn.
cultures and We eau see 10 reason why
the wishes Of the people should not b.
gra'iiied in this rcspec. Fully nine.
'ea'hs Of the people of the various
townships, we understand, arc dcsir.
GUS to secure the change