New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-08-21

"A u
and bottom of bundle Of old rails. and all heated TO-
gether come out Of tho In sofd redhot bolt
This is rapidly passed backward and forward between
rollers rolls" astheY called, OF varying SIZES
constantly diminishing until the bolt iron Is drawn out
TO at least three times s original length and mas only 10
pass under sort Of trimming machinery TO DC com
ploted rail-.
The great feature Of this r0llngm Ia the uso OF what
is known Danks Pudding Apparatus. IhlS ID oe
signed TO do away with expensive and aborous pro
cess of pudding Instead Of requiring man to turn
around bar Of stuck into furnace uhi tho iron
becomes worked" into ball. 1t may be said that, In
the Danks process in use also IN Chattanooga and
ST. Louis the furnace itself turns round The furnace is
shallow cylinder perhaps about two feet deep and four
feet in diameter standing like wheel upon Its pc
riphery and susceptible OF turning like wheel The
charge OF iron is not than onefourth of what tho
furnace could hold When the charge is melted the
mace begins slowly to reyolve, blast Of air rushing
through middle about the spot where the hub would
be If there were one. The motion Is obtained by
gearing, the periphery Of the furnace being toohed
wheel. The molten iron, clingng to the inside rises
slowly ono SIDE with the revolutions till it consid
craby above tho CENTER and then falls back into the
mass below, the draft meanwhile tearing through and
through It, The speed is Of course regulated to the
cessites OF the process and the result is satisfactory
that really looks though the occupation Of the work
ing puddler had passed away. The whole bloom thus
rOngmill. As the principal difficulty of the ironmen
here Is with the OF labor IL may be imagined that
this machine is regarded almost with affection. The
workmen here elsewhere, always fancying they
can better their condition by strikes. "Why do you
strike, horei" asked the superintendent Of some
men who were making preparations for such
movement" Does 1t not cost you less to live than in
Pennsylvania, and not your wages the same !" All
that may be- said the disconnected workman "but this
Is further West You must pay more the further we
go from the old country" And therefore is machinery
welcome when dispense with labor The rollers or
rolls used with this furnace OF enormous sze and
made at these works they continuous-that Is
large and small rollers the samo horizontal axes
and workman pointed out with justfabie pride that
where roll had been welded on, the weld being
made at the axis hub the strength just as great
to resist the immense aXia Orson the welding else
where,
The following named papers were read to-day before
the Association
l. On the Distribution of the Mean Distances OF the
O. On the Rates Of Interest realized to Inventors in the
Securities of the United states. G5 minutesJ BY E b.
Elliott.
s. An Inquiry concerning the Physical Relation be-
tween Masses and Mean Distances of the different Plan
cts. as minutes) BY John NJ StOckweD.
A. On Chemical Equiyalency as minutes.) BY samuel
g. On the Invisible Calorc Extreme Of the Solar Spec
tTum and the NOnCaloric Lines or Bands in the same
Is mlnutesl BY ?. II. Van der Weyde No..
The Relation between the Distances and the Proper
Motions Of the stars go mnutesA BY I; II. Stafford.
z. On the CONSTRUCTION and Verihcation OF Metric
STANDARDS for the United States us mlnutesJ BY j. f.
s. ON the Use of the Balance for determining tho
Changes in Atmospheric Pressures, and the COeieent
Barometrc Corrections. Is minutes) BY r. H. Van der
O. Note on the Periodcty Of the Solar Spots Is min
utesJ BY Daniel krkwood.
!. The MOnocotylodon tho Universal Typo Of Seeds
Read;) BY Thomas Meehan. .., .,,o,. ,,,o.o
scopic Structure. BY Alexander Agassiz . MI,
g. The Mechanism Of Flexion and Extension In Birds
Wings. Us MINI BY Elliott COues.
l. on the Geological History of the Mexican Gulf (25
MINI BY Eugene W. Hlgard. . n
s. Some questions in Surface Geology. as MINI BY
Frank H. Bradley. ,o-,,..
c. on the Development Of the Tarsal and Capal Bones
T. On the Charactorscs of the Primary Groups of the
Oi s. on N the Primary system BY Edward D.
3. On the Relations of Anomia u2 MINI By Edwin s.
10, On Pterosaura. BY B. W Hawkins.
II: On Cocoon Canadenso in the Crystalline Limestone
of Massachusetts,. BY L. S. Burbank -,...-
Us MIMI By ]. b. Perry
the Classification of the Neuroptera. BY A. s. Pack
ard IT, in tho r,rtnouoxo ot October 1870 nv C. Whit
Ia Contributions TO Photographic and Dynamcal
| I6 Al Examination into the laws Of Development Of
| Organic Types. BY Edward ID. Cope.
METEoRoLoGY.
Prof Henry delivered brief address on meteorOogy,
combining himself principally TO the work of the Smith
sonian institution and investigations concerning the
rainfall Of the United States. He still chung TO the be-
lief that correct knowledge OF principes-for which,
and not for mere facts Science OOks-wOud eventually
show that rain is not matter OF uncertainty that rains
and drouths would be computed and predicted in differ
ent localities. He reviewed much Of the work Of the
Signal Service respect to the weather reports and
went over much Of the ground In those matters with
which readers Of THE TRIBUNE have been recently
rendered familiar He divided the characteristics of the
country in respect to the weather into sew
eral distinct types; the position of the
sun and the topography of the country
being the principal factors in such calculations and the
dates of maximum and minimum rainfall serving TO dis
tnguish them: ~ the Atlantic Coast, 2l the Hudson
Valley 3 Upper Mississippi, az OHIO River, - Indian
Territory and Western Arkansas, ) Lower Mississippi,
Cd Mississippi Delta The distinction Of rainfall dates
was remarkable In California tho rainfall was greatest
In Winter in Florida in Summer Tho specific heat Of
different soils should also be cOnsidered he mentioned
the difference in this respect between clay and sand and
estimated that pound Of water gives out six times tho
heat Of pound OF brick.
DISTANCES OF THE PLANETS.
A paper the mean distances Of minor planets by
Prof Daniel Krkwood of Bloomington Indiana, received
special attention because OF the fame of tho speaker,
who discovered the law sometimes known as Kirk
woods Analogy" which is of the proofs Of the
nebular hypothesis. 1t stated In terms follows;
The square OF the number of days planets yeer
the cube VI its attracting sphere This tho few
planetary laws which has been discovered since those of
Kepler. Prof Krkwood several years since, called
attention 10 the fact that in certain portions OF space
between Mars and Jupiter clustering tendency h
observed the distances OF the asteroids whfe
IN other parts Of the gaps chasms equally ap
parent Subsequent discoveries have rendered this fact
stin more conspicuous. Thus, we now find
Between NoAstesos1s Beweer No Aerh Betven NAsrroiss
and 2s and no. 10 Max. BIG ssd as.
| p and 26... i2B and IBR I3h and iy 0 Min.
" ard 2f6.. 2l Max i2e6 and 49,. Mia SO and 54
20 aud Min 1S6 aud 800. $40 and 356..
| 25S and 266..T 305 aud $40. III Ma.
This table very clearly indicates three maxima and