New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-06-20


NOV 10 tho pole This theory is, with moro or less
warmth advocated by Prof t. b. Maury A. Keith John
atom and DR. Augustus Peterman, and has been at |
lacked by the Hon. Chas. J. DAILY, III, says itoi
Maury the theory of this termometrie gateway noaS
good there can be but one possible hope OF oap'ain
Halls reaching the goal OF his ampiuoh Nv inc nos'
norhery extremity of globe That sole hope lies 10
the possibility Of finding Eesmere Land to be projected
economically all the way to the Pole II this should
he the case IL may yet be that Capt Hall will set foot
upon the Pole itself, and fuhl the expectations OF
science and cosmographical ambition"
FORMER DISCOVERIES AND THEIR FATE.
While discovery has been longest bafed in the North
It there gained its first victory In America, for inc ~
kings Of Norway had landed American shores peioi
the days of Columbus In the year 1000 Norwes"n'
with crew of Iceanders landed on the coast Oh nI.
chusetts which they called Vinlana. Icelanu ooV"
however, persisted and her prosperity ceaSeu "A oo
records OF her discovery were ioS'. In
the Zeni, two venetians, penc'aoa voso,t
Northern regions, but without ihae, -,
Tho Cohots however were the first Northern
navgators with fixed purpose IN bev nepetrated
discovery OF the North T Hugh %iioughby who was
sent by the Museevy Company, in 1858 TO nnd horn
east passage india was soA in fHpsnd James Fro
Ssber who journeyed north three times IN 1910 us
ynrad Frobsher Strait and the entrance 10 Hudsons
covered u ,E7s Sir Humphrey Gilbert, firm believer in
y!bwest passage, had series of adventures IN en-
aSe his voyages discovering Strait which bears
his name. VIM. Barentz, the Dutch navigator, mace
three voyages in 159e peishing himself near the Icy
Next Henry Hudson appears Following out this his
orders from the Muscovy Company he steered direct
for the North Pole" reaching SO 9V to return with
firm belief that CONC not oe es orS Sones s
find eastward passage, and discovering instead the
New-York Bay. The next year he discovered Hudsons
Bay, and wintered one Of its islands. The Spring
brought famine and mutny, and Hudson perlshed on
the entrance the Pacific Ocean. and within the next
five years numerous expeditions were made into IT, In
1915, Ban explored the bay called after MIN, making
Then the Russians undertook to find the wshedfor
passage, but met only with disappointment Behring
died at sea- and his were wrecked shalarof died
Of starvation; AndreieR and Billings commended with
the elements in vain. Won Wrangeu and AnOu organized
sledge expeditions penetrated to lat zoe o. NJ ana re-
sR the has ben explored chiefly by the
British and Americans. In 174S the British Parliament
~ passage by wSy Of Hudsons
Bay. During l7692 Mr. Hearne, in three overland jour
Phpps QOrd Mulpave started out with instructions TO
reach the Poe but did not go so far as Hudson had
northern passage and promised $4,000 to the
crew which shond penetrate within 10 of the Pole;
In 1852 Mackenzie by land discovered the river named
after him In 1873 the expeditions Of Cant Ross and
Lieut Parry and Capt Bgehan ana SIR John Franklin set
believed to be bay and Parry what 1t really was Run,
the mouth of Prince Regents Inlet and had passed be-
yOnd the limits reached by former navigatOrs The COM
the Pole. They passed the 10th meridian of lOngi-
tude, but the ice prevented any further progress.
i'm the Fail of the next year Starting again In 1871 Ross
was to meet the expedition with which Franklin was
ships however yielded not the wishedfor discovery.
Again four expeditions were hted out Inc hrst con
Arctic Sea by way of Prince Regents Isle The second
under Franklin was to descend Mackenzie RIVER TO the
Bucky was 20 90 round the Horn, through Behring
Strait and wait Tor Franklin fourth expedition
TO 20 TO Repuse Bay cross Melville Istmus and survey
the coast. Every one Of these expeditions was unsuc
In Iscs Mr.. scOresby, private discoverer tried to
reach the Pole on sedges. He and his men endured
terrible hardshps became blind and had to pursue
their journey wholly by night. In five days they made
but ten miles, the ice moving south as they moved
north 10 advance 172 miles they Travelled 1922 and only
succeeded in reaching 500 49, This was the first attempt
I'm 1870 an expedition fitted ont by Sir Felix Booth was
commanded by Capt Ross steamer was used, with
which he reached within 200 miles OF Franin's limit;
In April 1851, Capt. Ross, sedging expedition, fixed
the position OF the true magnetic pole at lat 7O 3 ~
abandon their vessel and, after incredible hardsps,
were picked up by snip, after having having been
en up dSr 0t U U SFg an osernGG
search FOR Ross, but the expedition was with
COMPANY sent out two men, Dease and Simpson, who
descended Mackenzie River, reached Frnkins urthest
eS fSS SoS an along the Sea
eSt eRed sa BooSa and the main land To settle this
Hudson Bay Company sent ont Or. John lac IN lSi6,
Of the continent This destroyed what had been con-
de1ed the most plausible theory OF the Northwest Pas
next came the last expedition of Franklin, who the
o 70,
roT the crews numbering SS men They were last seen
by whaler the 9th OF the following July near the
sent out for him. but without result In 1919, Rae
pored the shores of wolasOn, but found traces of
him II was now believed in England that Sir John was
ice-bound west Of Melville Island, and $4,000 was
offered to any p Them hem ee oe exSe
ditiops were fitted ont. In 1850. the Lady Franklin
nent sent ont the Advance and Resolute, under Lieut.
Haven. There We're now eleven vessels In the northern
waters, Ross reported that the party had been mur
10 al m EOund LADY then
the Isabel but Rscer m% s no ont ye Vessels In
The next year, DR., Kane sailed under the patronage
of Mr.. Gfinnell OF New-York, Mr. George Peabody,
Dr. Kanes efforts stin fresh in the memory of all.
Unsuccessful in the prime object or the search pc spent
reached the Danish settlements. lie was found at
Upernavik by expedition sent ont by the United
states and returned home the FAN Of 1855, TO die
from the effects of the sueTng he bad passed through
It remaned with Sir Francis l. MeCintoeh, however,
steamer Fox was ntedlup at Lady Franklins expense
and placed under McCllntocKs command. sailing
through BarOws Strait he passed round North SOner-
set and Prince of Wales Land, and finding frozen bar
rer went into Winter quarters at Port Kennedy From
this place numerous sledge Journeys were made.
McClintoek himself, travelling south, was told OF
ship that was sunk on ve the W. ta sn ore
crew went away 10 great river aud that all died Of
bieached skeleton near Cape HeTsche and near Cape
Felix ruined hut and three tents. large cairn was
dG1na at some Pes Stones s from it, was TN
case containing the records Of the lost expedition These
stated IhhJ uIou ~
expedition beside making this great discovery proved
Sir John Franklin to have been the discover OF North
West Passage, and McClptOck himself found the
passage aud received from the British Government the
promised reward.
DR. Hayes, VIM. Godfrey, and Capt. Hall are the three
latest American adyenurers The last named sailed
his former expedition May 90 1860, returning in August,
1862 His expedition was gotten up solely by his own
tireess exerOns and the voluntary assistance OF his
own cOuntrymen He found many relics OF former ex-
porers and believes that with his already large expert
ence gain satisfactory reward in his COM
ing efforts.
sent north, but all have failed to reach high latitude,
except the Hansa, OF the ships belonging to the
PeteTman expedition, which sailed from Bremerhaven,
June IT, 1862 Her voyage full OF peril she sunk In
lat 100 TO N. crew took refuge ice cake,
uhich fhevl