The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1871-07-13
9aaetsall yslteaWeneer, ,
Prof. 8. F. b. Morse :

The tunyeiling of the statue Of Prof.S. F.B.
sMorse lin the city; of New York, on the 10th of
sIune..has given occasion to the press of the
Tinted States to review the history Of. the won-
!, derful discovery to which Prof Morse is in
debted for all the renown he enjoys.
The combination of two ideas, the frst OF
which was given to the world by the Roman
generals snd. the second, at different times, by
,Du FaJ. and Frankl klin-the idea of commune
eating int eliigence by signals and that OF MAX
ing electricity the nsotiOe po,oer, by means OF
: which ths signals,Mere to be niade--pr produced,
as 3 final result, the electric telegraph of mod
ern times. As early as 1774 signals were COM
munieated by means of electricity by Lesage
at Geneva, and again by Lomound In France
in 1887. In 1794 a German student by the
name oil Reizen employed the electric spare
Sorthe same purpose, making use OF lines and
interrupted spaces on strips of tintolI SO ar
ranged as to form by the illumination resulting
from the spark, the particular character, letter
or signal desired. But this system involved
the use of 81 wires from one station to another,
i:eacif connecting with return wire making "a
Sin all, and@Sas therefore, almost wholly I'M
Spraeticables ~. 80
~ In I797-9S teiegraphs on the system Of Ca
FVallo, were,e established In Spain-oDa sot them
extending from Madrid to Aranjuez, a distance
sof 26 miles, Don Francisco Saliva, OF Madrid,
Snsoposed an. Improvement and seemed to be-
sfieVes that submarine Communications could be
effected BY the wires. It was he who iirst pro-
posed TO substitute the Voltaic pile for the old
electrical {frietionl machine. Renalds intro
Nd1ced the clock telegraph in England, but 1t
was: liable to the same objection as that we
= lisFe named as againstthe invention OF Relzen,
although subsequent improvements tended
largely torsmove that difficulty. The Voftaic
pile discovered in 1900 was frss used sin con-
nection with the wires by SOmmefipg In 1879,
3 who brought telegaphy TO Eall the pertectlon
practicable in the then eond the SCIENCE:
he used 35 golden tipped wires set vertically
on q horizontal line at the bottom of a glsssre-
seryoir of water. At the otherlend OF the con-
meeting wires we're brass plates; corresponding
in number and. designation with the tipped
points referred to. The plate, on being touched
By positive and negative poles, communicated
resersoir-the water around it was decomposeo
and the gases escaping ..told the tale. J" ,.,s
The teiegraphs Of Steinheil, ,:of Munich, and
of Cooks and Wheatstones, of England, we're.
basedson the movements of magnetic needles
ss-.eacil needle having the name OF 3 letter. OF
the alphabet; and these were subsequently
: perfected by reducing the number OF the
wires. ~ = < s,
,ssghe next step in the Improvement and per-
i fecticn,cf this wonderful instrurne ent vas made
( in 1926 BY Mr.. Sturgeon, of London, who hrst
introduced tho soft iron magnet. Prof. Henry,
of New Y York, imp rowing Surgeons discovery,
! ingented the now universal horse shoe magnet,
BY Tflicb the magnetic force was SO intensified
and the Snrreilt. SO largely increased that the
hitherto insuperable difficulty of transmitting
messages to great distances was at once sur.
,saounbsd.. This: was in e1S2S-30, at which time.
) lit was evident that the arinature of a magnet,
attracted and released for irregular intervals OF
time, could be made available for the trans
mission Of a!phabetic signals to any required
distance. Electricians fnily recognized that
fact but the difficulty of pertecting and
8renderina practicable the important discoveries
tlvs far made, seems to have deferred scientific
s minds from making the attempt until the year
1882, when Baron Schilling,.of st. petersburg, rs
applied them to Cooke and Wheatstone's e's needle
irstrument, which he so modified and improved
as to render it seryiceable with but one needle
instead of 35 Slight improvements were ad-
ded in 1884 by Gauss and Weber, sof. Cot.
tineen, and in 1886 Prof. Daniel introduced
the first form of the constant battery for keep.
: ing mn continual cnrront-a principle yet
retained, almost universally.
- But the first actual TELEGRAPH ever established
= appears to have been invented by Prof 2. AZ.
Steinheii, ,of Munich, in 1886, In 1887 Stem
= heil,s telegraph was taken under the patronage
and protection of the government OF Bavaria
-after which Prof Morse conceived the idea
s of becoming the Steinheil of this Continent
Steinheils telegraph operated on. small bells,
> and hence required all operators to be Sound
readers, 1, Morse introduced the 5nbbon-like
3 strips of iiick paper, on which appointed stylus
of iron, driven by the armatureof the magnet,
{ left dos and dashes corresponding BY an arbi-
trary arrangement with giVeR letters OF the
alphabet. Professor Morse FIRST exhibited. his
invention in July, 1887, in the University OF
New y ork, and in the month of October fol-
5 lowing he fled cayeat in the patent otlce at
Washington, b secure it. In lS40 ne secured
The patent covering the Improvements he had
neanW hile made In the original apparatus ana
this sy.ytem. a.. perfected by the study and ex-
nerience of subsequent years, is now the almost
universally recognized system OF the world
In the speech made by the venerable Fro
fessor, now in his 8lst year, at the Academy OF
z Music on the occasion of the unveiling OF the
statute erected. to commemorate has name and
his fame; he pays merited tribute to those
who aidetl him in his struggles and trials in
; perfectiilI,s his invention and obtaining the
means 10 demonstrate its powers. 1t WAS near
" twelve years after he had began his labors
before he obtained the aid he sought from Con-
gress. The bill which appropriated 500, 900 for
chat tpufpose, and which had been RECOMMENDED
): and urged by President Tyler only passed on
the last day Of the session, of lS43, after he
had been struggling for it for Eve years. 1t
seems almost incredible now, with the prodigi-
= ons performances of the magnetic telegraph
before us, that sneering and insulting amend
), ments were offered to the bili-one member
proposing that half the sum be devoted to
i.AEesmerism,' and another that part be de-
voted in iavoro of nMillerism." The first at
tempt to construct the line through the eartn
as at present. and on Saturday, May Is, 1874,
: messages were interchanged between Washing
ton and Baltimore.
The first ''press message" was sent to the
Baltimore PGtriotat p. m. of the day above