New-York tribune., 1871-08-26
SCIENCE.
rnr NirrHnD OF creation.

pIANAPOIIs BEFORE THE AMERICAN Asso-
CITATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE,
BY PROF. EDWARD d. COPE, SECRETARY OF
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHlLA-
DELPHIA.
INDIANAPOLIS. Aug. 29-By far the most
important paper from scientific point of view was t'
Of Prof Cope on the Method Of Creation The DISCUS
sion Of this subject he said divides itself into TWO
viz: consideration Of the proof that evolution Oh o
canic typos or descent with modification mas .'A'"
place. and secondly, the investigation o. tne Jaws -
cordance with which this development has progIosSeu
I-oS THE PROOF FOR EVOLUTION
There are two modes Of demonstration, both depehu-
ing on direct observation One OF these has been sue
cessfuly presented by Darwin. he has observed 'no
origin of varieties in animals ana plants eIeI III ~
domesticated wild states and has shoWh' "na' i''
been known TO many, the lack OF distinction III tNo
Grade OF difference which separates varieties ana species
But he has also pointed that species such so a S
distinctness gocs) have been derived from olher sP
among domesticated animals and he nfers Dy lnuuouo
that other spccies whose origin Las not peeh oose'
have also had common origin 80 far DeheNe DE -,
duction to be justified but when from TINS oasls eNou
tion of divisions defined by important struciWa en
acters as genera, orders, classes &C. Is ioiIu' 10
lieye that we do not know enough oi the un4oI! VI
natures processes the premises TO ehaDIe us 10 resd
this kind OF proof as conclusive therefore appear W
,tror node of rroying IT, and which covers the
os ~ all the more really structural features of animals
and plants II is well known that In both kingdoms III a
general way young stages of the more perfect types
oo ronresented or initiated with less exactitude
Inv the adults OF inferior But true identity OF
these adults with the various stages OF the higher has
comparatively rarely observed Let such case be
supposed.
In We have four species whose growth atains given
point, certain number of stages having been passed
rror 10 its termination or maturity. In have
other series OF four Uhe numbering matter OF no i'm
portance which, during the period Of growth, cannot be
distinguished by any common l. E. generic character, &c,
from the individuals Of group A. but whose growth has
only attained to point short Of that reached by those OF
group at maturity Here we have parallelism, but
no true evidence of descent But If we now 1nd set OF
individuals belonging Species and therefore hedto
have parentage for still better the
individuals Of single brood, which present differences
among themselves of the character in question: we nave
gained a point We know in this that the indivdu-
ais a. have attained TO the completeness OF character
presented by group A. while others, b, Of the same
parentagc have only attained TO the structure
Of those of group L. 1t is perfectly obvious
that the individuals of the first part OF the
family have grown further, and, therefore, in one
sense faster than those groups If the parents were
like the individuals o. the more completely grown theh
the offspring which did not attain that completeness
may be said to been retarded in their development
IT, on the other hand parents like those less
fully grown then the offspring which have added some
thing have been accelerated in their development
Inow claim that consideration of the uniformity OF
natures processes inductvc reasoning requires me
however it may affect the minds of others TO believe
that the groups Of species, whose individuals have
never found TO vary but which differ in the same point
as those in which have observed the above VaTlatoh
are also derived from common parents, ana the more
advanced have been accelerated or the less advanced
retarded may have been with regard 10 the
parents This is not an imaginary but true repre-
sentation OF many which have come under my opserVa-
tion The developmental resemblanCes mentioned are
universal in the ANIMAL and probably in the vegetable
kingdom; approaching the exactude above depicted IN
proportion to the near structural similarity of the species
considered.
Fyo,pplss a. II is wei known that the Ceryda Of the
Old World develop basanag Of the antler ee Cuvier
Ossemcns FosSies, and Gray CGrdi Brit Mus) at the
third year; majority Of those of the New World genera
Subdo CGyaciS) never develop 1t except III abnormal
cases in the most vigorous maturity Of the most northern
Cariacus c. Virgnfdnus; while the South American
swbo retains to adult age the Simple morn OF 5l1h G o
rid0 RuSa and ATiS never assume tie characters 9t
yOnd equivalent of the fourth year OF Car"S, III
assumed more rapidly than in Cvus its third year cor
responding to the fourth Of the latter, and the develop
in after years Of broad plate o. bone Win pois
being substituted Tor the addition OF the eGriesPO,nu
snags thus commencing another SERIES Wuch erniha'eS
10 the great fossil elk megacquS. ,,,.,.
RctrDiug To the American deer have BioSfocer"s
C1aS GGrGes s'6 corTespondns with the Dq Mgeeergs
type Of the old World 0 Te hoge o tbe f & cf caeas d. e.
select the following series embracing the majority
of the genera of the North American Heiie'd@
l. Turns fspire rery few vide um5icus; she'll No..
TS15 5@1 s,a ses bat San Rorp rest q: above a
B. Turns numerous rest az ..Iiyoln1
As O. but bp hckere4 ilsi Hggr0HN
Coisd; m6cus closed; lip tl-cEcnei Inside AMI ~ ,i
s. out, .ih i.rst i tooth Nssofon
Z same with parsia an iate-cr r th I'ognomao'a
S. As No l. but lip thiesc-el and out.....,. 4S0aia
same q, & q PC 5i T ,a, Ie s5 io s TgsaoDss
the history of the growth OF the genera lsosnoas-
series II is wen known first the coils OF the shell
are extremely few a. ID B.anega anG th1T & ne M IT. mn ~ E
increase succcssively in number as in Ithna and
TGcn the umblcus may close as in IGctSa or On
Tri0dOpsS remain open as in Artonta In either case
tooth is soon added the body whorl Ho3Utd-
o,csoarnl and finally the full maturity OF the shell seen
In the added width On the inside o. lhe p lnIsin hoT
MANY OF the stages OF the genera II1CdOpss ana
ycs5don are identical with the genera Of tie series
which 'efel , i5 ,' me do now eXSt and ali have
prcscncl Illustrations oi the relation Ol eAdct paiaesh
EIam1ics~I An abundant race Of the American deer,
CGridcts riyin anus exists M lLe Ic-loi " "
NewYork, m wLh the development oi inc aeIs HVr @ CT
progresses bcyona the spike stage OF tAe second year.
therefore soae iLdlvlc o tu f ~ c1r,,rop
?. large Ir tl tAe lhnl .! ~ m H.,
sigil ueSOd0H diCbltS, never develop thc tooi o tc
BODY Wnor, [ y giS.ly 9 ri T t - Naly individuals Of
qi0d0Us.s irjdcHuiI nom Eastern North CarOl occur
without the lp with charactersilc OF tc genus tT.9
SIS Hence these specimens, though OF common origin
with others of the species must ne referred 10 avlGl
rOt an species which said % be "iuc0nstant beng
present or hseut indiferenty thus DSg n,lens Ior
definition. They may be rudimeutal when present OF
cousidcrlbly developed The presence or absence Of
wings m some specie, OF insects may he cted also he
presence Of generic characters in the male sex OF many
tooODtera ana their absence IN the females. Inc cha-
acters OF males females, workers, ana sOdefs IN Decs
ana ants may DO added. Al these facts belong 70 INC
same category as those cited among deer ana ouSc',
and have a similar explanation o.. ~, zoe ;
moi seem to be the law " hetaroauOh Jlat
pafallelIsns exhibited by the series IN IT'S
rise 10 its highest point OF development should fetrce
he seps nv winch u attained IT, and that exact lral-
lesu" should be exhibited IN reversed order. ISI1l-
lems ii Is true, are exhibited, but 50 far as nave
observed. always "iueXaCt'-Often in a inSh degree
marked case OF TetardatiOn occurs IN the dental deFel-
of a number Of who have come uhdeI my
Oi'+s r.t.lhborhocd of Pbll9deluhia IL