The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1871-12-18
B isketS OF
EEI/ nnttnI0
will be asked how it can be explained

lS45. Observation-Disclosures. llSol
1845.. 1000.
1t will be asked how 1t can be explained that
India sends rice to Liverpool, gets 1t cleaned,
ships IL to New York, whence 1t Is Imported
into Cuba, The country apparently best adapt
I'd for rice culture We have to reply TO this
that the sugar and tobacco production in CUBA
is so profitable that 1t wolld not pay TO divert
any labor therefrom and bestow It upon rice,
while it can be had 80 cheap, even IN this
roundabout way.
THE BHULL RICE LANDS OF LOWER SIND.
Like all large rivers which flow through an
alluvlal soil for very heightened course, the
Indus has tendency to throw up patches OF
alluvial deposits al its mouth and these are In
Sind called ''bhulls," and are In general very
valuable and productive iOr The cultivation OF
the 'red rice" Of the country. When the
river runs out strong and full the "bhulls"
prosper, and the sea ls kept at a distance. On
the other hand, the salt wafer obtains The
supremacy when the river Is low, and then
the farmer suffers. In this manner much
''bhull' crop was destroyed In the monsOOns
of 1851 and 1852, during the heavy gales which
prevailed In those seasons. This rice is SUBJ
ject o attacks also Of small black sea crab,
which cuts down the growing grain in large
qualities, and often occasions much loss.
BURMAH, SIAM AND COCHIN CHINA.
The Burmese and Siamese are the grossest
consumers OF rice. A common laboring Malay
requires monthly 80 chupahs, or Sc pounds OF
rice, The Burmese and Siamese about 81 Chu-
pahs, or Ga pounds. Rice land In Penang
yields o return which cannot be averaged
higher than seventy-fve fold, or nearly thirty
gnnlangs of paddy for each orloug Ut acres;)
but it has been considered advisable to rate IL
here at sixty :old only. The rice land of the
Province Wellesley gives an average return OF
ll73 fold, the maximum degree Of productive
ness being GOO gunlangs OF paddy to an orloDg
oil well flooded alluvial land, or $50 fold, equal
to 300 gnutangs of clean lice, weighing nearly
1920 pounds American. Rice In Cochin China
Is The 'slaf of life" and forms the main arti-
Gle Of culture. There are six different sorts
grown; TWO on the uplands, used for confec-
llonery. and yielding only one crop annually;
the other sorts affording two 10 five crops q
year. but generally two-one In April and
another In October-or three when the inun-
dalions have been profuse.
= CHINA.
In China the returns of the land subject to
tax as used in rice cultivation there give near
ly half an acre to each living person, and IN
the southern and we'll waterou provinces 1t Is
anything but uncommon TO take Two crops OF
rice, one Of wheat, and one OF pulse from the
same land 10 single season.
Taking the population Of Canton at the
usual estimate OF million, and allowing 10
each catty day, the quantity Of rice re-
quired for one days consum lion alone In that
city would be 10000 piculs of 1873 pounds
American each, or 100000 pounds.
Rice Is cultivated In Java in three systems.
The name Of "sawah" is given to the rice
fields which can be irrigated artitclally; ''te-
par" or "tagal," arc elevated but level
grounds; and "gagah," or "la dang" are
cleared forest grounds. The two last only
give one crop; second crop may be obtained
IRON the ''eawah"
Besides Java, there are Bali. some parts.of
Celebes, with the most fertile spots of Suma-
ira and OF the Malay Peninsula, all rice ex-
porting countries.
java is inferior in the estimation of Europe
and The United States 10 Bengal, and especial
ly Palma rice and Carolina, but they are ex-
porting in paddy what is called ''Lablen rice
from Batavia, which, when cleaned at Liver
pool, Amsterdam and Bremen, is as hand
some in color as the most delicate Patna or
Carolina.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
These intsimably valuable Spanish islands
produce In such abundance and variety, that
nine species are known; but as The names are
all native, We will not enumerate them.
Sugar and hemp are TOO profitable there TO
push rice as might be done; yet 100000 cent
weights are quite an ordinary surplus for eX.
port on an average, while Java exports MIL
lion to million and half annually on an
average.
THE IMPORTANCE OF RICE IN THE EAST.
While in the Atlantic countries cotton, su-
gar and coffee are the great colonial articles
on which the attention Of capitalists, specula-
Tors and dealers is liveted. 1t Is rice on the
Pacific, even In California and Australia, where
thp prpspncp Of en- many Cinnamon nOnsfItutp
the staple one Of large import from China
and Java. Hundreds Of large and middle
sized vessels flying the American and Eu-
ropean flags, are Internationally engaged In
the Indian seas every year TO establish the
equilibrium Of wants and supplies between
the leeming millions of China and the other
large countries, short crops being constant
In some locality every season, not to speak
Of the Chinese, Malay, aud other innumerable
junks and craft of all sizes, doing nothing
but conveying the leading staple.
Rice is thus king" like cotton among our
selves, In its importance and extraordinary
oscillations of value.
MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES.
The principal kinds dealt in here are Palma
and Rangoon from Liverpool, (and Akyab and
Java from the Continent, seldom, however,
nowadays, because the German and Dutch
cleaning does not suit us as well as the Eng
lish.) Palma Is slender long grain and very
transparent, and of O handsome snow white of
prime quality. Rangoon Is the plump, rather
slightly yellowlsh grain, more or less broken
and never transparent, while Carolina Of the
new crop Is always transparent and without
wrinkles" all old rice gets to be ''wrinkled,n
and mealy outside.
The Hoosac tunnel was undertaken by the
State of Massachusetts some years ago-the
object being 10 slraighten the railroad route
between Boston and the West, and thereby
shorten the distance by some forty-eight miles.
The tunnel itself, when completed. will be u
little less than five miles long. and Is expected
to cost about s7,OOO,O00. The present con-
tract provides for its completion before March