The New York herald., 1871-09-11

with0ut provocaiion as well against solemn treaty
| stlpuatiOns, seized Rome and made IL the capital
| OF Italy. The religious issues involved, more
or less cause Prussia and Austria 10 side o. present
with Italv: but must not be forgotten that the TWO
Emper0rs are firm believers IN the sacredness OF
kingiy rights. and that the Pa2acy IS the Oldest
lear France. The leading men OF the latter nation
nave declared since the war tnat tho time had gone
q sentiment France had made Italy aud gave
! blood aad treasure In her cause. Her only reGurn
was an Indifference IN the hour OF ner sorest trial,
! and advantage taken to violate agreements that
| would not have been attempted II France hao not
been oyerwnelmed. France, II has been declared
by more than dozen representatives In the Assem-.
bly, would act hereafter strictly In her own inter.
ests. In the event OF France aying herself with
Russia she would nave to take part against POlsn
nationality, for certainly Austria IS now the cham
pion OF that oppressed people. But recent experi-
the friendly feellng that had existed Tor centurles
AVAILABILITY OF ITALY. .fs.
| Itaiy has long been used by the great European
| Powers as an instrument Tor their own ends. Her
military and navaI strength Is by no means incOn'
navy OF 26o shlps. AS long rs the alliance, II u has
been entered Into, continues, sne is exposed TO no
restoration of the temporal power CT the Pope and
austria now lres from appren as 10 certain
ne patriotic party have long desired to tor possess
! Trieste, Trent Dalmata and portion OF llyra. lt
is not great while since, upon the occasion OF Vic
| tor Einmanuers entry into Rome, deputatl0n Of
Italians from Trieste and the Tyro expressed the
desire Of becoming subjects OF rne King Or Italy.
! Now such tninRs will not be allowed IL Is almost
| rs lmpOrtanC to the German empire to prevent
trieste, on the Adriatc anu opposite Venice, from
| aelE ~ - 80 = n -.''-'~ ~
THE ST. aorHARp RAILROAD.
But 1t would appear that Bismarck holds Italy and
its alliance TO he OF considerable importance. The
| man Of "bo0d and iron' has never concealed his
s ss o w wne eS o sne e
| Austrian campaign OF 1856 proposition was SUB
mea 70 e oI aa e e
SsSs waa g GgNHffi dsa Is%fss
hn ootA AtnN vUN Aonu Izp,a arnE
| renewed the application, which was granted. Ihe
line when constructed wan be a continuation ofthe
bodies or troops into germany and voe regs0. si
I Gotharl is 0,y4 feet high and Is one OF the leve
The realization OF this project would bring the two
countries into close proximity ana be, should Italy
able able cement lo Il he Y former WIN A's 'u
| TnE AUSTRIAN SYSTEM OF NArioNALrr1rs.
ng te Various '%s Of when n i Is @ co
posed was advanced this year oy the bold measures
ss9ptea 6y the EmpsSo S rns "a are 9
BY the Hungarians and, Is proof Of the Emperor's
| good w one OF his sons IS travelling through the
| Kingdom, giving assurances 0f Imperial favor and
consideration. 1t Is not unlikely tnat the Emperor
| VIII be crowned King OF g. new state TO gop!prlse
bo erected into Kingdom. thus gratifying the ma.
% %4sssd Efe % Rs saa S
I sach A. kinedom the management Of its own
T cna rs s
the rederalcapitsl. or course difficulties stand IN
tps Tay the Germans IN In Cis-Iei.na rs object TO
only only TO % their m Members S few weeks SINCE warm
Toeswapts SSs caef Of the the caonc OBJ
tanned great triumph in favor Of the federal sys-
Nrensperg, Are sa % Hustrias great % literary genius With
n 10 Z y
Ss austria Te IA e
that 1t Will respect German interests in Bohemia
! and elsewhere ih the empire, and though nImii
| ating to proud nation TO be obliged 10 yield in
duced @ % cordial reeiias between the two Powers,
| and dangerous domestic difficulties 1t must be
understood that tine Germans In Cs-Letna do not
| desire revolution. but many regret tnat bismarck
did not. aiIer Sadowa, seize Bohemia and hold 1t.
A NEW KINGDOM OF POLAND.
In carrying out Its federative system Austria has
fully resolved to erect again the kingdom Of Poland.
The Gallican provinces are large and populouj. ana
been treaied well az subjects Of the House OF Haps
burg. There never has been an insurrectlon IN that
part o. roand ano even now & Austria seeks gam
IDEAS OF nationality. The Poles VINO recently ned
France are ar & m IN ana
| Poonisms On The otner hand, II there be one
thing more tnan an otncr Russia fears H. !. Is The The
peror hicnoas, when ne finally crushed 1t IN
1892 deeIred X obliged to - rule ..,a cops..u
else desponc sway. The present Emperor has
broken with the Pope because the latter
| would not denounce anticipated insurrections.
| Circulars lately been sent from abroad to the
Catholic priests In Poland ana the Russian NORTH
| western provinces, recommending preparation and
| urging them TO extend by all means their influence
among tue people. In Russia everything that might
have lenued TO nurture Polish patriotic feeling has
been studiously renove. In laie years TINS desire
has teen strongly shown by Russia when the
| provincial governments and name oI Poland were
abolished. Even the dress OF the Polish Jews has
been prescribed and quite lately The last vestige Of
| Polands separate existence, the CulJus Ministry,
was recalled. rhe policy OF Austria aud Russia LII
reference 10 Poland Is MS widely di ergent as pos
howski 10 the Governorship OF Caicia has gwen
mortal offence to the Car. brel sketch & Of the n,
terest. IL has been asoi1Owtul one.
! POLAND's HISTORY.
Poland has a strange and sad history-a history
when has Interested learned and sentimental minds,
and which events now that appear to be In progress
give it an interest OF new KIND. In the middle OF
the eighteenth century 1t stretched from the Baltic
to the Black Sea- but now, owing TO Its Vicious po-
tcal system the chronic dlssensons Of Its rulers
OF Europe. In 1894 sobelsKi, Vino had acquired
much oistnction IN wars against Russia anu Inr-
al she S very se Climax oI and were gather
ing themselves up for one tremendous conhict
which they had always been preparing for since the
capture Of COnstautinOple, two hundred years
before. Ii was their determination to advance the
standard of the crescent ali along the Medlterra-
mean, and had openly avOwed their resolution
to plant il in Rome and change St. Peters
INTO mosque as they had t., St ,osSI Sophia; q;
attack and marched through hungary. Tne
tents Of the Turkish army around the city
each klitteIiuk Win " AuthAou oyuloOh CVuicshA,
VINO had no reason 70 De friendly 10 Austria,
marched his army to her relief. II there was
any leading IDEA ana purpose Of his lie IL was
10 shatter the Ottoman power, drive them back INTO
ASIA, redeem Europe from their presence and re.
store the Byzantine empire they had destroyed
ChrIstendOn. which was parayzed with lear
| watched with profound anxiety the attempt made
by the brave Pole. The Turks were totally y; de,
nations united IN public thanksglvinGs foi tie VIC
tory. At this day the deieat Oh the Turks by So.
bleski before Vienna aud tho Corernican theory OF
| ne heavens may 20 together Is the two greatest
contributions made by the roles 10 the civilization
| OF the world.
TIE FIRST PkRTfrI0y.
| The monarchy in Poland was always elective.
| Four kings succeeded SopIeskl, and on each occa-
sion the throne was carried through Europe for
sale. The country continued distracted-the victim
OF concluding MOBILES and factions. The influence
of Russia grew 10 he oil powerful. ln TACT, st.
Petersburg was considered as mucn the capital OF
Polapd as OF Russia. IN 1164 the Diet elected