New-York tribune., 1871-05-03
SCIENTIFIC NOTES.

fsaGfn
,n are found in great variety OF rocks OF dfnerent
o,o,,c.l periods to the decomposition OF cyanogen,
SiSR is combination Of carbon and nitrogen, or OF the
arts graphite is formed srnOslly and II Is not mpos
@Sich are now hrousht from the island of ceylon may
he produced arvnciay in such quantities as 20 pe hys
ysiable seSeral branches OF manufactures where ls
mneral is Indispensable Chemists. however nave noe
vet accepted Prof Wagners explanation, VI Sn@ 0'"'''
"a 10 the No ,ural production OF graphite.
FUNGrs THE CAUSE OF WHooPNG-CoUGH.-
Dr Intyerich the pathoogst, who some time ago pub
shed his observations fungus supposed by him 10
preHuce diphtheria recently made series OF
experiments with another form Of fungoid gfows6 wsn
whoopng The spores found in the expect0rated
no arEe s' an@
fben introduced into young rabbits by an opening IN the
snimai became affected with violent cough. Several
animals diseased were killed snd the airpasseses
An each were found 10 contain large quantities OF
similar fungus These observations so Important to the
Of the germ theory have not as ye been con-
Or med by other investigators In the same nelh
ALBUMEN FROM BLooD.-Albumen is now
rroduced on large scale. at Pesth, Hungary, and In
North Germany from the blood Of animals The serum
separating when blood coaguates consists chiefly % %
albumen The best gpsny Oh mel m ses for NOR
anting yarns and cloth At Pesth blood Is ,nre Of
frHm nat 'TSp @ @ sn m FSo% oo pound, .pcS
Io pounds of abumen obtained at e9s1 9snwan at
cost s06. Although the cost Of egg h 1ormer ia
times great that OF blood aioumeni of its purity
{ond sihnmei of second quality. darker in color
but nearly all eoluble in water is uSeu '"'eN' -
process OF refining sugar
pnonTcrIox OF IoprNE.-A method invented
by Thercein has successfully USED ID e&.rao'ns
iodine from crude Chill saltpeer The motnet nquols,
resulting from the lns1ufacture Gd d PsnInste of sos
and the iodine precipitsted as black pow1er ins 10
n % j., earthep lars on the bottom OF which are layers
~ Gnarz sand fine the top and cOsrse at the Dott0h
nom these Jars the iodine is removed Dy etJtntn
water is thus separated 1t is further purified by sno
nation bat often sold before undergoing the iss.
named process The amount of iodine thus reclaimed
from Chill saltpeter already amounts 10 sVyo PS Ph
per annum As the removal OF all aees OF @ ~
is essential in the conversion OF iron INTO stee te d @
crude Chill saltpeteT IN the c pbosphorus As
well a other impurities.
GupING.-In treating of the characteristics
OF god in The London Mechanics Magazine Prof Dem.
hnsky saws gold extremely dnctile that grain OF
it capable of extension over an area OF b9 square
per brass and silver the following different
Hot gliding m i1r DS. hs e metal ,ss To- he gded s rt
washed with solution Of nitrate OF mercury OF anag
mating water which gives silvery surface 10 THIS sur
face an anna gam Of gold and mercury is sgpied fron
which the mercury is driven of by heat The color s
wax verdgris and blue vitrio il is then polished and
frightened by boiling solution Of common salt qne a
cream tartar. Some adopts heat the article on NOT
iron plate provided with small Spertures, and when
Sjt brhsk q German gliding Of silver is performed
by solution Of gold in nitric acid to which saIsmmo- Ian mo
MAC and aembroth "a triple salt formed by ss ana % am,
monia and corrosive sublimate have been addsd h Ihis
rVaDOrates 10 the consistency or oil, ana
is then applied to the silver or nickel both OF which
blackcns but they appear gilded on being heated.
the ashes OF linen rags which have been mpregnated
solution OF gold 4 Wet gliding BY merely dip,
WellkDOwn process OF electroplatinS'
UTILIZATION OF SEwAGE.-A novel method
Of sewage purihcatOn and utilization has been devised
England by Dr. Apsley Price and David Forbes F. r.
founded on the tact that certain t5G1a mineral RhOs
alunina. when in a hydrated or freshly precpltated
isiSed in sewage It being sufficient merely to aeitste
ia the fetd sewage to deprive IT Of all its odor
ana color even nctors substances of great intensity
he present in the solution at the same time while the
phosphate OF ms gnesia combines with the ammonia
faned i'm the sewage aud precpitates it also In the
OF double phosphate OF ammonia and magnesia
WSieT ia quite transparent and cooress also nearly
tasteless aud with safety be drawn of and dls-
charged at into the nearest natural stream Ine
process extremely simple one ana requires morning
heyOud ordinary reservoir for holding the sewage
during Che operation Ihe pnosPhates are pre@srapy @
acded to the in solution In suphurlc or nyurO
form along with organic matter in the sewage and
less ammonia dependent on the strength OF the
is instantaneously effected 10y the addition OF small
quantity of milk of lime Just sufficient to neutrahze the
acid which holds them In solution The use OF the natu-
raj phosphate of alumina is especially recommended
SEA CURRENTs.-DF. Carpenter read paper
at recent meeting of the Royal Geographical society
of London in which he account OF observations
of the Gibraltar currents made during recent cruise OF
the British ship Porcupine. The chief point enunciated
was that there special local eirculations In the
Mediterranean and other inland The immense
evaporation the surface OF the Mediterranean pro-
n-current OF salt water the evaporation IN
creasug che density of the Mediterranean water when
flowed through Gibraltar At lower level near the
bottom The fresh water running into that sea hoated
the top, but did not equal the loss by evaporation
There thus excess OF salt, and, consequently an
OF weight per hight Of column OF the inland
the oceanic waters withOut TINS increased
gravity produced pressure, and tho pressure caused the
outflow The experimental researches were stated III
detail which confirmed ihis theory. The existence or an
undeTcTent in the strait of Gibraltar is said TO have
rope attached az end TO a small boat, and at the
other To basket Of stones sunk 10 considerable depth
TIE basket Of stones acted upon by strong out.
flowing current with such force that the boat was Owed
out against the tnt0wlng surface current The con-
took place In the Baltic and Black Seas.
According to DIR. Carpenters theory, similar In re-
suit to general oceanic circulation the ef-
feet of cold at the polar, and heat at the equa-
toria regions. The action Of cold salt water
different from that fresh water. The salt water be-
denser and heavier with the cold to the point
of its sobdhcaton, which at much lower tempera
ture than 3zs F. Consequently there contraction
and downward motion Of the water at the poles.
On the other hand. there expansion and an
rse Of the water at the equator These two actions
produced outflow OF a cold stratum in the lower
surface from the equatorial hot regions. This
theory illustrated 10y very pretty experiment in
n glass trough with heated surface at one end and
wedge OF lee AT the other Blue and red pigments
In show the motions Of the liquid The red cloud
Travelled ia direction and the blue cloud the other
This ocular demonstration was very convincing.