The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1871-09-30

scribasr's 1sr October.
IAN ISLAND ON Fns l. the title Of q srsph.
10 article on the volcanoes of Hawaii, BY DR.. 7.
L Cosn. The illustratieas arc remarkably ef.
Ssotive. and include pictures of the Lady of Fire.
Hauna Los, Coast formed by Volcanic Acs,sn,
Lava Stream Pouring into the Sea, the Falling
Mountain. and Volcanic Wave Breaking on the
Shore Of Hawaii. The "Last Of the PEG uods" is
An interesting account with fine portrait en-.
gravingl Of Eunice Mahwee. the last of a power
fsl New England tribe Of Indians, by Benson J.
Losing. In "Wa,er, its Ways and Usss," We
have piece Of popular science, set off by appro-
pirate illustrations. The most important essay
in the number, however, is Mr. Fancher's "Was
Adam the First Man ?. It is here contended
that the Mosaic record itself furnishes "stroug
ants Of Adam dwels on tho earth" This is
mere indication of few Of the leading articles.
The page Of Etohings is q characteristic sketch
Of "New England Town Meeting" by Mr.. Bush.
With the Arst number Of the third volume NO.
vsuber.) Scsi1nsTs Monthly will be enlarged, and
greatly increased in popular interest The price
viii hereafter be the same - that Of the other
leading magazines, a per year, and tho publish.
srs promise TO spare NO pains or expense to make
IL the best magazine IN the world.
We append few extracts:
An IsLAND ON FR1.-Ths sources Of volcanic
efeptions in Hawaii are two First the crater
OF Ki.lsa-ea, stuatsd upon the eastern slops Of
this mountain, and about midway between it,
summit and tho sea It Il . vast pit, nine miles
in circumference, suAk in the asnk Of the noun.
tain, and varying in depth, in different ysarsI
from thousand 70 fifteen hundred tset, accord.
ing - the ssa Of molten lava beneath IL aoor IL
At high tide or ct ebb. Fer yeaRS this door will
% slowly raised BY tho aocumulsting lsvss bs.
low; and when their lateral pressure becomes at
last too great to b resisted. tho molten torrent
rsndins it, way with irrssistible force through
rock and earth, and shaking the whole island
with the throes Of its progress, finally breaks to
the surface, five, ten, or twenty miles from the
crater. The river Of dre Leaps from the ground,
mighty fountain tAst sometimes plays thou.
sand feet high, with jet that 10 several hundred
feet in diameter, and pours down the aank Of the
enlarying the area Of the leland by pushing out
new oapss and promontories Of lava into the va.
ter. The lava thus ejected may remain, in many
places, warm and smoking fer months after the
eruption has ceased; yet have seen spots where
the natives, pu'verising the cooled Laws and mkt
ing with it few dead leaves before planting in
it. had obtained good crops OF sweet potatoes
from wh'ta year before was torrent of liquid
fire. Nature thus renews tho soil.-furnishiux
bran.new "TtlCle Ut each eruption, white hot
from her chemical laboratories in the center of
the earth.
With each eruption 'the bottom il knocked
out, 80 to speak, Of the great crater of Ki.laue.
.. The Hood OF molten lava upon which it ess
Is rapidly drained away, and the vast Aoor of III.
durated lsvas, an area of six square miles 1t the
bottom of the pit, goes crsshiux still farther
down ard, three, four, five hundred feet toward
the oentr Il fires; rs when the water,-to com.
pare great things with small, Is lot of from fro.
zen miil.pond, and the Joe settles down upon the
bottom The mountaiu.wall il probably not en-.
tirely solid and oompxct, ~ the iavss are OK.
tremely fluid, and in runolng of honeycomb its
structure, leaving pumerOus csysrns behind
thea, through which subsequent eruptions force
their way. Yet the pressure required for the
lava to rend tis mountain. wall il estimated st
not less than five huadred pounds to the square
inch, or million pounds for Il stream two feet
deep and seven feet broad. Whsn the breadth
OF the lava stre.n is measured by miles Instead
OF feet. force enough is exerted ~ shake the is
land to it. very foundations.
The grat!d erup,ions o. K;-lau e.a occur. with
some approach 70 regularity, at III tsrv.s or about
eight years. But the volcano docs not, like w.
suvias Etn., or Strombvli, coofne its activity
to special occasions The FIRE RACES continually
in the southern end OF the great crater, where \
lake of melted lava tosses its red surges and pours
forth Its sulphurous vspors without eessiug.
This lake, the "aale H.u.mau," Or "Huuse Of
Everlasting Fire" Of the old heather mythology, !
may be safely approached BY the traveller at al.
most any time. 1t 10 represented in the first Oh.
CRAVING as 1t appears when very active.
RICHARD WAGNER, the great musical COM
poser, has . marvellous ''eveut' on his hsuds--oae
that sm ,cks little of Gilmere. He has com.
POSED in verse and note what he oalis '.Festiye
Opera" bearing tho aame Of the king of the
NibelunHe" 1t 10 to be brought out in b ,irsuth,
the birthplace and home Of Jean Paul Ritcher.
in the summer Of 1873. For tNis purpose
special theatre Ia to bs constructed The most
celebrated musicians and singers OF Germany, to
be chosen BY Wagner. are 70 assemble tbsre in
the early Summer and devote two fail months of |
undivided attention to its preparation aud re-.
hearsal. and those who know WsvnerA intensity
ID bis artistic lsbors, understasd what this
me ms. An association Of Wsgner's friends and |
admirers have already subscribed about $500, 900 |
towards the enterprise, snd great dell more is |
to be rai.ed BY ;nesus Of certificates Of o .tron.
age, at $500 apiece, which give to the bea,er
the right OF entrance To Nil the perform .nces.
These are to open with several speci Il occasions
for the principal patrons Of the enterprise and |
then the piscs is 70 be seen nightly through |
several wseks % that the performers will need |
to spend at least three moaths in the uudertsk. |
ing. Wagner 10 very popular In Bavaria, where
for time he WA supposed to control the king, |
who is m ardent lover Of music. There he nay