The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1871-06-24

editorial departments. OF these articles, cover.
ing topics of the most varied character, nine are
illustssssd of which only three are less than ten
pages in length. seventy-three illustrations are
given. making this the most protusely illustrated
number that has ever been issued; and the quail.
ity Of the cuts. which are all beautiful, charac-
teri.tic, effective, and excellently we'll printed,
10 NJ remarkable as their quantity.
The Mount Gents Railway and Tunnel is
treated in the opening article from every inter.
sst,ng viewpoint, and is profusely illustrated.
In An other illustrated paper, "The United
States Naval Academy of Anapolis"-its history,
its grounds, edifices, and monuments; and the
qualifications, discipline, and Amusements of it's
cadets-is iustructively and gracefully treated
The Florida Reef Series, by DIR. j. B. Holder
10 concluded IN this number, this final paper be-
ing, both in its prices and illustrations, one OF
most entertaining of the SERIES
| From its encyclopedia character it was, Of
course, impossible for Hsrperis Magazine to
overlook so important subject as that of the
recent explorations At Jerusalem, and in this
number We have just the kind of article that is
desirable, with beautiful illu STATIONS, entitled,
"The Recovery OF Jerusalem"
Mr.. Lossng's interesting, and Just now espe.
cixlly timely article. THE Spectre from Elba,"
is enriched with the tac.similes of the popular
caricatures of Bonaparte published in England
and America during the period of that Empe.
ror's decline.
Not less timely is the paper on "Queen Louise
Of Prussia" the mother of Emperor William.
The interest now taken IL studies directed to
climate and the weather renders the article by
Prot. Winohell on "The Climate OF the Lake
Region illustrated by maps and isothemal
charts one of marked Importance.
"The American Baron by the author of "The
Dodge Club" continues to be as entertaining
% hitherto, and the story is rapidly approaching
ito crisis.
The Editors Scientific Record" opens with
| comprehensive summary of scientific progress
snce the beginning of the year. This is the in.
PRODUCTION Of a new feature, which We under.
stand is to be kept up-giving from time to
time connected historical view of the develop.
| meats msdein the various lines of scientific In
vestigstion.
W. give few extracts:
CORAL ON THE FLORIDA kREF-It is y puz-
sle to many how and where the red coral is
| obtained. As there is in these waters = variety
| OF the same animal substance, we may see clearly
its nature. In many places along the reef we
observe. through the glass, waving bushes and
fs~thery. plume-liks forms, ranging in color
| from light Blown to black. Under the general
! term Gorgonia these and the beautiful sea.fans
ore known. They grow, like the coral, from any
fragment IN the bottom, and are in many re.
| spocts the same From the minute germ, Of soft
polyp, barely visible to the unassisted eye is Sc.
GREETED At its base peculiar substance, having
the same constituents a. tho hora and hoofs Of
animals The polyP. now established, throws
out another and outer coating of lime similar to
that OF hard corals; now a bud is put forth,
and others, and the stalk branches like q shrub,
having numerous polyps in pores along its whole
surface.
One species, found abundantly ON the reef
has iet.black horny base, Or heart; and this is
y variety of the coral used in jewery, the only
difference being in color. The red is found in the
Mediterranean Sea. The choice coral of jewellers
is. then, the skeleton portion of living form
| While alive and growing the surface is envsl.
oped in crust Of lime out of which, through
many minute pores, the polyps spread their star
/
| its texture, and has the same waxy glsss shat
oharactsrizes the red. 1t would prove pleas.
| ing material for the same uses. Some Of the
older gorgonias, bearing large, heavy tops, have
] from time to time thrown out new deposit of
the root, so rs to make sure hold against the
heavy sea. These, when found dry upon the
beaches, 80 closely resemble the gnarled roots of
y tree III culor and form that nothing but the
well-known results of the chemical analysis will
convince one unacquainted with them. 1t ,s
precisely the same animal horn or hoof-Dr.
J. B. HOLDER, in Harpe''s Mag,sine TOR July.
WILL TIE MOUNT GEMS Tunnel PAY p
Actual wsrk upon the tunnel was begun in 1859
the air perforators, without which the whole
must have been = failure, were introduced in
1861. In 1868, Savoy having been annexed te
France, an agreement was made between the
French aud Italian Governments, in accordance
| with which Itay was to execute ths whole with
In ten years, receiving from France about ~,
OOOOOO francs as payment for half the work
with reductions In case the completion should b,
delayed 1t is generally understood that tn,
French payment will fall short of half the tota
COST which il estimated now at Is, 600 900 francs
say $l5O00,000. But it should also be borne il
mind that this sum means much more in Ital,
than with w. Thus the payment of ordinar,
laborers on the tunnel is three francs a day
, with Us the same men would command abou
two dollars 1t is fair to estimate that, measured
by our standard, the cost of the tunnel itself
less than eight miles long, will DO $50,OO0,00O
but this is only part of the actual workin,
cost. AZ we have said, thirty.four miles of rail
road have to be built. and the whole equippe,