davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-05-09
6tramboats ano Railroads.

49,.
SAFETY, SPEED, AND COMFORT.
r Boston wS,ss G.Gps :sSs and
G GfTyp 9 ON NO he rev and 'taneh steamers
CITY OF LAWRENCE .nd ,. o,,,ov
80, CITY or NEW-bONDoN'
s11 NM SiT Sl t 4. ss;;E : o'clock NJ fro"
For S and Norwich there eorneetug Express tr'ns
fer he shove New onion northern Norwich and woree'-
F5 sIoe tickets and rates Of freight pPy o The ofe' Pier 90
Ss.'icfs oc, 49, 1882 D. L. 0'0''-'''' A'''~
NEPTUNE LINE STEAMERS Daily for
PROVIDENCE. BOSTON. WORCESTER,
c., at . ? NJ from Pier n, ~ r., foot Of R95asoH,s5 80
bs s 1,' 20 SS 10 P PR9yBSCE
at " ,a Connect At Providence Win Boston and Prov
NAVIGATION RESUMED for HARTFORD
~ DIRECT The Steamer GRANITE STATE will Peek slip
today THURSDAY March 'or Hartford and River Lnng The
nents The COMPANY responsible toI any.
NeaYorL March D. i57I. ''D'' 80
| HARTFORD DIRECT.-State of New-York
and City Of Hartford leave Peck slip daily Hartford
,oo H. s p.' 1t class .oGPss s. G s.. sI IS
STANFORD AND GREENWICH.-The new
steamer AMERICUs leaves foot Of Markets. daily, $780, and
CENTRAL RAILROAD of NEW JERSEY
~ P,ense And Freight Depot in NswYors foot Of hberty,
with Tie Delaware LacEaWnHa ami Western Railroads Phil psbur
with ,e elgh and SasgqehanH, Railroads and Ron with the
huh AMI the West wihou: change Of also to Central Psun
VaHis anil New. Yorl State
ALLENTOWN LINE To THE WEST
WINTER ARRANGEMENT
Sommencing January 30 lBI.-Leaye Sew-lork follows
Ia ifor FunyoD Eason Bethlehem Maucb Chunk Wilbes
hhfrt Pon Mthanoy C MI Carmel Hazei0R TunshannOeE,
lo"aha "sFery &C. Connects Junction with d. L. and W. K X
oI oi.'H1y Nr"r Cap Scranton, Bngham'on Syracuse &C.
ga wEsrERS EIPRrs, daily ercep sunda- for Esston A.
n'onn, Harms aud tie West Someryle
ngoa At PhlpsIng for Mauch Chunk Wikesbsr Wiuamspo
Ee &c at Easton for Much Chunk Mabanoy City Carmel vii
Transport, Ere &c.
lO:@ a. m.-Wav Train for Someryille
Il For Pennington, Eaon. Allentown, Miuch Chunk Mhanoy
tt azeon Wbarre, Reading Columbia Ephrati,
p.m.-Por Eason and Allentown.
800 m-For Eion. AlentoSn and Mauch Chunk. Connects at
Jun ii0u for stfous OBJ D b. W. q. H.
Az, ?. mFOr SOmervile and Pennington
pmCINCSSAu EXPRESS daily. Baston Bethlehem, Allen
Reading Harrisburg PITTSBURGH Chicago aud Cincinnati Sleep
iug AMI Paaes Cans 70 Pittsburgh and Chicago
a:lJ p. n-For Somsryle.
.m.-FoT SomeTVlle
!. m.-Fir Eason.
PM EmiIraut)-For Easton
0:4Up. m.-Por Panicd
u pm-For Pls.a6ei Wednesdays and SATURDAYS
For Elizabeth G: 5:lj 1870 $3.50 300 $50 l01D Has
leo 200 3:l5 3:3 500 40 5:l5. 5:i5
1900 500 1870, O:i5, l200
Tickets for he West be obtained the Office Of the Central Rail
Of foot Of Lrr " and the pncpa hotels
NrT-fOfk KICKER Superintendent
len A.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-05-09
Goaro ano Rooms.

BOARD. with the comforts of a home wanted
I'D girl yesrs old French family preferred Please
address, stating terms ROSE Tribune Once.
CITY BOARDING in SUMMER at Al west
~ New-York furniture near
Msdson-squ,re; just the plaee to enjoy good health
VERY pleasant newly furnished ROOMS EN-
suite or singv gentlemen. vita hrst-class BOAED
IS ast Nnh-s, between Broadway AMI University
place References eXchs cd
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-05-09
DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA and WEST
- ERS RAILROAD


NEW BROAD GAUGE LNEt Water Gap stou!Aurg Scranton
~7lacgse ani Osv-go WITHOUT CHANGE OF CARS
Dcpo in NewYork foot NJ Brcay-s ami foot Of Crophest
StH14ER ARRANGEMENTS. commencing MONDAY, MAJ ISL
800 BROAD GAUGE EAPRL.S TRAIN Bo1nton Branch
directly from NevYork without change Of
with and b. H. r. for Kingston. Nkesbr
Itt-tou
75 EXPRESS MAIL TRAIN connecting Danve with Boon
Branch Dover "a Chester Branch Waterloo with Sussex X
Anlcgr onl Newton AZ Washington with TIE De- L. AMI W. H. X
Water Gap S0usbug Scranton Great Bend BnghamOn Syra
AMI OswegO and al with Lehgh Valley K r. for all points
p: LEIGH VALLEY EXPRESS stops Newark. Morris
town. Dover acaeown Washington Publishing and Raston;
Phlpsbug Bel Del r. r. for Beydere, &C., and at
lasion III L. v r. r. for Bethlehem, Allentown Mauch Chunk and
800 p NJ BROAD GAUGE EXPRESS TRAIN via Paterson
Bo.non directly oa to Bnglmton without change Of
40 IASTON EXPRESS Dover with Chester
r, lteroJ VITA Sussex H. r., and Easton wh L. v H. K Tor
IiertieI - sror- ami fa
$3.50 m; HACKETTSTOwN MAIL connects with BoOnon, Chester
and Sussex Railroads
Por YOUNGSTOWN n7:i5 9:Io Il:o 1900 2:3o $500 io
3: 70, end $3.50 p.
For SUBMIT and intermediate stations at $780, 7;7;t 800 1900
1910 anl "a a. IN 2:1'. f2n, and $500 p. -
For ORANGE anil SOL TIL ORANGE, t:J 7;3, $40 94h 1910
AMI % l:io $3.50, $780, 43 i:j0, $50 b;o o'iO J:J vO'
s:i-. ami ID As =. ~. .. o.. . .. ... -. -. ..
ll.u1 l:2O AMI m. LOO; 800 s2:y j:1, 3iO, $3.50 4O
1875 n. M Trains marked stop at East Newark
cave Eew.York BLOOMFIELD and MONlCLAlR ct $50
$40 Il 100 w. and 2:uo, $3.50, $40 t:2l aId D.
NuUgrut fguf
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-05-09
Aurtion Sales Of Real Gstate.

4 DIsGEE Auctioneer
TXECUTORs SALE-AT AUCTION.
~ THURSDAY, May 10, 1871 al2m,
on THB GROUNDS
NINETY ACRES OF CHOICE LAND,
the estate Of the late Judge A. W. BRADFORD,
IN RYE WESTMINSTER COUNTY
at the Harrison Station Of the Railroad
hour from the City; thirty Minutes Harlem Bridge. This well
known estate is divided by broad avenues into
PLOTS OF TWO TO SEVEN ACRES,
and, together with the
SPACIOUS MANSION,
Of thirty elegant rooms with the extensive grape
e conservatory sni $500 acres Of tasiey adorned grounds win
be sOh
WITHOUT RESERVE.
TERMSForty per cent cash. per cent mortgage FIVE
Take the and ia NewYork and Newayen Railroad
depot Weny-seyenths. and Fonrhave.
Persons IA attendance the house daily 70 show the premises
For snd circulars spp to T. s. JACQUES Attorney for eecu-
tors, No IS ChsmbeTs-st,
s. DINGBE & Co, Aucioneers,
No % Cedarst.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-05-09

UyUF AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL
L UNION will hold i lath Annual SOCIAL R.'non at the
- 49, EROOKLYN ACADEMY OF MUSIC, on
TIN RSDAY EVENING, NAV IL. 81 u oeloeh -
Rev W / BIpDN6TOS D. d.. viii presde Brief addresses vin
"a" bY Rev HENRY NJ SCUDDER. d. d Rl. J. HYATT
SMITH D. D.; Rsv NOAH H. SCHRNCk D. Rev. EDWARD
nGst PSToS d D. and Re-, WIN NJ TAYLOR iron Liverpool,
Rnsabd Muse instrumental sud vocal inoatg select Shoes
81 N,,. Voice, will constitute feature % e exercises
~. ooe..ou A meeting Of rare interest Is Anticipated .
TICKBTS CRsTS each he had a, The Beg ~ IRE Cenyt
Ton ous the Ohe Of The indepeudeS Para place.
and AZ the ono az The Daily Uliou LIooklyl
m. annual business t the presentation ~ eors an exc
,on 4, rs viii The Booklyu Academy Of Muse al oock
On TTVRSD,N AFTERNOON.
V,UE ANNIVERSARY EXHlBlTlfN of the
Wv ynpE NsTri.rON i.r he BLIND ,onI apx u vesal
I irtrms1a Music Lcsr Eyrce &C., viii DC tsh al Slsinway
us on THURSDAY EVENING MAJ 81, bit csksnepeina AZ
,el,ck Admission. p ceat i
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10
Sheriff's Sale.

NOTICE is hereby given that by virtue of an
order of Sale issued out of the District Court of
the Fourteenth Judicial District. in and for Pla-
Ger county, California on the 3lst day of May,
A. ID. 1871, on n judgment of Foreclosure rend-
cred in said Court ON the llth day of May. A.
D. 1871, in favor of John Scott and Geo. Gun
noldson, and against W. Il. Coleman and Geo.
Rogers for the SUN of Eleven Hundred and sew
entysx dollars and fifty cents, i'll gold or silver
coin of the United States of America, and the
further sum of Twenty-one dollars and eighty
cents, (S2l S0) in coin costs of suit, and the fur
ther sum of Fifty Dollars $50 .00) in coin al
lowed BY the court as Counsel fees of foreclos
urc, with interest on the said several amounts
Mt the rate of seven per cent. per annum from
the rendition of Judgment Now therefore
Will, on
Saturday, the Oath dag Of June, AID. 1871,
at the Railroad Depot Saloon in the town
of Alta, Placer ounty California at the hour of
ten A. NJ, of that day sell at pnOlic auction to
the highest bidder for gold or silver coin of the
Unite, States, the following described property
to wit All and singular the interest of Defend
ant W r. Coleman in and to tlat certain piece
or parcel of land, with the buildings and i'm
provements thereon situate, lying and being in
Township No. 4, Placer County California, on
the northerly side of the Dutch Flat and Donner
Lake Wagon Road and known as the Coleman
Ranch, containing by estimation 1G0 acres of
at the southwest corner thereof on the line Of
said Road at point nearly opposite the Toll
House ON said Road above Dutch Flat; thence
running easterly with the line of said road to
Buckley's field; theuce with the line of Buck
ley's land to the south-oasterly corner OF said
Ranch aud to the line of Blooms Ranch; thence
with the line of Blooms land to Little Bear
River; thence down said River to the line of
Bradleys Ranch; thence with the Inc of Brad
lev's Ranch, southerly to the place of beginning
on said Road, including the whole of that GER
tain tract of land described the Northwest
quarter of the southwest quarter, the southwest
half of the northwest quarter and the south
west quarter of the northeast quarter of Section
Sc, Township lG North, Range 10 east Mount
Diablo base and meridian. Together with all
and singular the tenements, heiiditaments and
appurtenances thereto belonging or in anywise
appertainng.
The above described property I will sll as
aforesaid to satisfy said Judgment costs accru-
ing costs and expenses of sale.
b. ID. DUNNAM Sheriff of Placer county.
Sherih"s Office, Auburn, June 3a, lS7l,--4t.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10
Administrators Sale Of Real
Estate.

~
~ pursuance of the order of the Probate
Court of the County Of, Placer, in the State of
California, made on the 2d day Of May A ID. 1871
in the Matter of the Estate of HENRY SCHAF-
FER. deceased, the undersigned Administrator
OF said Estate will sell at Public auction. to the
highest bidder for cash. in gold coin of the Uni
ted States subject to confirmation by sad Pro
bate Court, OH
at 10 o'clock, A. II. at the late residence of the
deceased Dutch Flat Placer county, all the right,
title and interest Of the said ntesta'e at the time
of his death. and all the right, title and interest
that the said Estate has by operation of law OF
otherwise acquired other than, or in addition to
that of the SAID intestate at the time of his DEATH
in and to all that certain Real Estate lying and
being situate in the County of Placer and State
of California, and particularly described as fol-
lows to-wit
The undivided four twenty -fifths, and the half
of another twenty-ffth in and to those certain
mining claims situate Oh Fillmore Hill in the Vi
cinity of the town of Dutch Flat and known as
the Louisiana Mining Claims.
Also the undivided one-half Of those certain
mining claims at the town Of Dutch Flat known
as the Columbus mining claims.
Also the house and lot owned by the intestate
at Dutch Flat.
Terms and conditions of sale, ten per cent. of the
purchase money to be paid on the day of sale,
and balance on confirmation of sale by the Pro
bate CouIt. Deed ut the expense of the pur-
chasers. JOHN MEYER
Administrator.
FELLOWS & NoRToS, Attorneys for admins
tirtor.
May 18th, 1871 .--my20 4w.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10
BEAUTIFUL FLOW ERS.

Beautiful flowersi God, the divine,
FIRST planted seeds OF love,
Then watered them with heavenly dews
In Eden fair above.
When up there sprang. in varied hues,
The children Of the soil,
Roses and lilies. (which spin not
They neither spin nor toll
Beautiful howere mid MOSES dark
And earth Der hue,
Into this woriI. \. ours ys caMo
AZ types Of irian'ahip true.
Ye came to kee,, aliv, egcod
That was witt no, born,
Bright rs the st of Bethlehem
That shone in early morn.
Beautiful flowers. cannot tell
One-half my love for We;
1t is as boundless as the sea,
That fills immensity.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

FASHIONABLE WoMEN Fashion kills more
than toll or sorrow Obedience to fashion is
agreatcr transgression of the laws of woman 8
nature, a greater injury TO her physical and
mental condition, than the hardships of pow
erty and neglect. The slave woman at her
task still lives and grows old, and gees two
or three generations of her mistresses pass
away. The washerwoman, with scarcely a
ray of hope to cheer her in her tolls, will live
to see her fashionable sisters all extinct. The
kitchen maid is hearty and strong, while her
lady has to be nursed like sick baby. 1t
is "a sad truth that fashion pampcred women
are always worthless for all good ends of life
they have but little force of character they
have still less power of moral will, and quite
as little physical energy. They live for no
great ends. They are dolls in tn, hands of
miners and servants to be fed to order. IF
they rear children. servants and nurses do all
save to conceive and give them birth. And
when reared, what are they? What do they
amount to but weak scions of the old stock?
Who ever heard of fashionable woman s
child exhibiting any virtue and power of mind
for which it became eminent? Read the
biographies of all our great and good mer
and women. Not one of them had fash
ionable mother. r.-Er.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN TO WHOM
~ it may concern, that an application has been
made by JOSEPH A. MENDES, HANS FED
DERSON, REYMUNDO SILVA AND JOHN
FRANK. an association of Miners, to the Gov
ernment of the United States for Patent to the
following described Placer Gold Mining claim,
viz known as the Quartz Rock Ravine and In
diana Ravne Claims situated in Hoggs' Dig
oinps Mining District, in Ell Dorado county,
State of California being bounded by the min
ing claim of jim Clark on the west and by unoc-
cupied mineral land on the northeast and south,
and more particularly described as follows, to-
wit on unsurveyed land being the west frac-
tional u of west q of the northwest quarter Of
Section 30, Township II north range east
Mount Diabo Base and Meridian in the district
of lands subject to sale at Sacramento, Califor-
min. and containing 81 4S-100th acres said claim
being still more particularly described i'll the d-
apram posted and fled with said application
All psrs ons holding any adverse claim thereto
are hereby required to present the same before
the Register and Receiver OF the United states
for Sacramento Land District, at sacramento
California within ninety days from the hrst day
of publishing and posting hereof.
Dated May 10Th, 1871. r,
JOSEPH 4. MENDES,
HANS n. FEDDERSON,
REYMUNDO SILVA.
JOHN FRANK,
nv o7-3,nl Applicants.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10
NEW STORE.
T. e. STEPHENS,


Takes pleasure in informing his old friends and
the public generally, that he has just opened a
NEW STORE in the
Fire-prOof Stone Building, Auburn,
Formerly ocuppied by JAS. Nolan,)
Where he will keep constantly on hand new
and choice stock of
Groceries, Provisions,
Preserved Meats, Canned Fruits,
Shelf Goods, Mining Tools,
Spices, Hardware,
Syrups, Sugar,
Liquors, Feed,
Vegetables, Oils,
Candles,
And every article 10 be found in first class Gro
cery and Provision Store suited to town and
country trade in this section Of the state. His
goods are all new and selected with the greatest
care.
All kinds Of country produce taken in exchange
at the highest market price.
Goods win be delivered FREE OF cR,ESE when
required by customers jyo-7o my
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

Three little girls who had very carefully
buried in a garden in Portsmouth, n. H..
the dead body of pet bril-, after consultation
sent one of their number into the house to
inquire "if people didn't sing at funerals"
On being told that they often did, the mcr-
senger ran back and in few minutes ths
three were seen standing hand in hand around
the little mound, gravely singing "Shoo 8y
don't bodder me-
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10
(OFFICIAL.1
STATE OF CALIFORNIA,

DEPARTMENT OF STATE. !
/, II. L. Nichols, Secretary of State of the
State of California, do hereby certify that the an
nexed is true, full, and correct copy OF Chapter
four hundred and fortv-four Statutes of Califor-
MIA. Eighteenth session-Approved April 2, 1870
now on file in my Office.
WITNESS my hand and the great seal of State,
- at Office in Sacramento, California,
SEAL the Twenty-hfth day of May, A. D.
\C0O 1871 II. l.. NICHOLS.
Secretary of State.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

a LADY in Memphis, not exactly posted on
the word DISTINGUISHED, was told that NJ.
Smith was disfranchised, and she wanted to
know how long he had 'been SO.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

Dyspeptics should remember tha. sold
food is more readily digested than liquids,
and as rule they should not take any
drinks with their meals.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

Husband, must have some chaLge te-
day" "Well, stay at home and take caro-
of the children; that will be change enough.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

A negro, after gazing at eoms., Ohiupss,s
shook bis bead and solsmnly said 'Ndx
white folks lie so dark asdat out dsr,- Iw1eE
der what's De coicr 81 da black fifxs -
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

A woman in Nashville shot at her truant-
lover and succeeded in perforatng neigh
boris cow, which died mildly but Immediately.
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

A Hibernian orator, speaking Of suicide.
said, "The only way to stop it is to make II
a capital offense, punished with DEATH"
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

In saying that Eve told Adam IA chastise
his sou, what five scriptursl names do you
use? adam" Seth Eve, "Cain Abel"
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10
1862.
Application for a Patent
TO A
Placer Gold Mining Claim.
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,

Sacramento, Cal, May 10Th, 1871.
JOSEPH A. MENDES, HANS FEDDERSON.
REYMUNDO SILVA AND JOHN FRANK,
an association of miners, having filed their ap-
plication in this Office for Patent to a Mining
claim, and the law and instructions in such cases
provided, having been complied with, 1t is here
by ordered that the annexed Notice Of such APP
plication be published for ninety days, in the
PLACER HERALD, a newspaper published nearest
the location of said claim at Auburn, in Placer
county, State of California.
JOHN G. McCALLUM,
SEAL Register,
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10


SCRAP Book. Every one who takes
newspaper which he in the least degree APP
preciates, will often regret to see any ono
number thrown aside for waste paper which
contains some interesting and important ar
iiclcs. A good way to preserve these is by
the use of a scrap book. One who has been
accustomed thus to preserve articles, can
hardly estimate the pleasure it affords to sit
down and turn over the familiar pages
Here choice piece of poetry meets the eye.
which You remember YOU were no glad to
see in the paper, but which you long since
would have lost it it had not been for your
scrap book. There is witty anecdote---it
does you good to laugh over it yet, though
for the twentieth time. Next il a valuable
recipe you had almost forgotten, and which
YOU have found just in time to save much
perplexiy. There is a sweet little story,
the memory of which has cheered and en-
couraged you many a time when almost
re to despair under the pressure Of liv'a
cares and trials. Indeed, yoa hardly take
NJ a single paper without perusing it. A
choice thought is far more precious than
bit f g,tl,rng gold. Hoard with care tho
pre' ious genus and see at the end Of
year what Il rich treasure you have accumu-
lated 11 ga
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

PLANTING IREEs. 1t was rot with de-
sign, says writer, that greater part of
the earth is clothed with forest trees. Their
multfarious uses, for bearing fruit as food
for the production of lumber for shade, and
for fuel, need hardly be dwct on. TO the
casual observer, it seems as though they
were intended for no other purposes. Scien-
tifc researches, however, prove conclusively
that they su5serve many other aud far more
important uses 1t has been demonstrated
that they are the principal determining cause
of the Ice Il rainfall; and that where they
are absent the latter never comes regularly,
and is frequently wanting altogether, and
when it does arrive, falls not in gentle, re-
fieshing showers, bnt with destructive force,
causing inundations, calamitous in their effect,
and carrying away with them the fertile sur
face soil. Trees attract the rain which
would not otherwise fall, and not only by
causing it to fall more frequently. render it
more gentle and equable. Countries in high
attitudes bare Of trees are alternately scorch-
ed in Summer by II burning sun, and frozen
IN Winter hy Arctic codness. Forests shell
ter the earth equally from the effects of great
heat and great cold. Considerable tracts in
this territory are devoid of trees, and the
settlers in the districts thus situated would
do well to plant them. The trouble is trf-
ling, IN:sost nothiug while growing.
ThyyeNiI 33e& 1estected against the
dsfS1ar fN;is MIS- tas6ey have attain
Certain a2f The .AReGts derivabe
ispES:Ee seere;Sni.yls. l,ss;:rfesultcd by their
ySttNS .jh one Of ihe southwestern States.
"a aps4s. .QatUarN yeas ago, the western
HiffFp q ltaG was considered to be al
most .ResSh tfsssl,alc of settlement and Of
lt0::. Nevertheless, enterprising set
!, ~ Nbtirea into it, and lacking lumber
NSAtss; as a substitute planted trees for
t3frdI;~ The result has been, that with the
q 5wfh of these, the rainfall increased from
I Year to year, until thorough revolution has
been wrought in the climate, and now this
region produces grain in abundance.
There is scarcely doubt but the same
result would follow the planting of trees in
the great central vallies of California. The
evidence is before us that in the foot-hill and
timber districts of California, vastly more
rain falls, and is more equally distributed
throughout the season than in the timbcrless
valleys and upland plains. We regard this
very question as one of deep interest to our
farmers and land owners on the plains in
Western Placer If forty acres out of every
100 were deeply subsoiled and planted with
the chesnut, white walnut or butternut
black walnut, hickory, ash, wild cherry, red
cedar, black and honey ocusts and other
valuable timber and nut-bearing trees, il,
would, in few years, be the most valuable
portion of the land. The varieties should
be intersperscd, planted alternately through
out the lot, and yet close enough together
to make them run up and grow tall as they
do in their native forests.
FASHIONABLE WOMEN. Fashion kills more
The Placer herald., 1871-06-10

Copy of Notice posted on the Claim.
.4pplication for Patent TO Mining CLAIM.