The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1871-09-22

E@.@ xaStssNA>osN
WORKINGMEN AND WAGES IN
] EUROPE. 'rIgT '7ln
Interesting Facts from n Parliament Z.
| ary Reports. ngT-t7
A book of 946 octave pages has
just been presented to both Houses
of Parliament containing reports from
the British diplomatic and consular
agents abroad respecting the condi-
ton of the industrial classes, and the
purchase power of money in their re-
spective localities. From the facts,
, set forth in this volume VIC CLEAN the
following: ,se74c rTr elG
BELGIUM.
Consul Packenham, of Brussels,
supplements former report of Bel
GUM with further particulars respect
ing various descriptions of industry,
promising that it must be remembers
ed that Belgium is the most densely
populated country in Europe, and
there is next to no emigration beyond
the seas, while only about $4,000 op-
eratives find work in France. Hence
it is not surprising that more than
100000 persons (One-fifth of the pop
ulation) are On the poor relief lists.
There is constant superabundance
of labor, and consequently the wages
are not sufficient. f.. .i}EjH II
~ HOLLAND. r..
Mr.. Sidney Locock, In his former
report from the Hague, says that the
general value Of money is not very
different in England and Holland /;
but that the question as to how far
wages would go would depend on the
style of living. He gives several ia
bles drawn up by a cOmmitte some
time since, which set down the expen-
ses of all artisan with q small family
at from los to 22s Cd aweek. Ali the
calculations made by the committee
made the expenses exceed the regu-
lar wages of the head of the family.
so that they came to the conclusion
that wages were at too low figure Ill
their district The quality Of the
work performed In Holland would ap-
pear in general to be inferior to that
done in England. sR 81 ia
..- NORWAY.
Consul Grove forwards an elabo-
rate report on the industrial classes
in Norway, whom he divides siDto
three classes-l, the seafaring peas
antry, who mainly depend ON the
fisheries; 2, the real peasant or
"Bonde," who farms his own land, less
with the view of selling produce than
to supply directly the wants of. his
family g, the "Field Bonde, !" or rmoun-
tain peasants, who are small proprie-
tors and live chiefly by rearing cattle,
telling and floating timber and selling
game. There are also men employed
in mines and manufactures as we'll
as the cotters, or farm labOrers, many
of whom have, of late years, emigra-
ted to the United States. For skilled
labor the wages are lower than in
England, and clothing, firing, as well
as many other necessaries, are higher
in price.
SWEDEN. .-,l E'.r rI
AIr. Jocelyp, Secretary to the Lega-
ton at Stockholm, scnda o supple-
mentary report respecting tho indus
trial classes in Sweden, from which
it appears that the average wages of
artisans are from las to 25s per week,
most work being done BY the piece.
Lodgings are not expensive, but there
is generally deficiency In ventilation.
Drainage does not exist in Stockholm,
but no refuse is allowed to remain for
more than few hours before il. is
carried of and converted into valua-
BILE manure. Food consisting Of
beef and pork, with hard rye cakes,
vegetable soup, eggs and milk, aver
age about IS Cd English per week,
and a man can frequently support a
family ON about lbs week. A light
pure beer is sold at about three half
pence per pint bottle, and there is
high duty on spirits, which are moi
very largely consumed. 1.
RUSSIA.
With respect to Russia, Consul
Barrow writes from Kortch that as TO
the purchasing power Of money the
roublc, which is worth about % Cd
English money, is about equal to
shilling in England as to what can be
procured for Ii. Bread, meat, and
poultry are cheaper than in England,
bnt everything else is much more
costly;iso that wages of Goa month
are scarcely better than f10 a month
in England. Vice Consul Stevens
writes from Nicolaief that it is al
most impossible for Englishmch earn.
ing high wsgcs to save anything, but
with the working cl,.scs the case is
different. They can live at about
one.third less moLey cost than ia
England, and many have retired with
mere than they would proably have
saved at home. The average wages
for resident workmen is about 3s
(English) day. t-tLi g. q a''
DENMARK.
Mr.. Srachy, in his report on Den
mark, says that Danish artisans arc
content with food and lodgings
which would not suit English work
men, and that tie unskilled and low
er skilled labor classes can do little
more than subsist on their wages. z a
higher skilled workman, who receives
about 2os a week, might be able to
live on los. The climate is much
like that of Scotland. r--F0 a. =
FRANCE.
Consul Workers report from
Chsrente Inferieurc, and that OF con-
sui Hammond, from Cherbourg, show |
that the French laborer lives at a low |
er rate than would suffice an English |
workman. Where money Is worth |
more than In England wages ere |
proportionately lower. Skilled work
men, who might set up for themselves
in Charente, would be likely TO do |
well.
PORTUGAL.
Consul Crawford writes from Opor-
H. xL.t labor IN that d;sfrfcf sc pas6 !