The New York herald., 1871-02-20

our Institutions and governments. 1t Ii beyond dis
4 air friendly concession TO Canada, as a weak and
impoverished neighb0r yet Jnat II whol9s failed te
draw that people towards us. Wheu s,vil war
threatened our national existence In no quarter OF
the world did we meet more bitter enmity or the
rebels more active friendship, than in Canada. This
governmental authorizes went stu further. Acting
under instructions from England, at the time Louis
Napoleon attempted TO SCI up monarchy
In Mexico, the plan Of consolidated en-
pire was started IN canada, Tor the OBJECT
scarcely attempted to be concealed, OF de.
stroying the spread OF this republic. 1t Is no
fault OF the promoters and abettors Of these schemes
n they failed ANONYMOUSLY upon our Souther n
border. and n IN the case or canada, tne REFUSAL OF
willing and lukewarm assent OF two OF the others,
has made the attempted creation mere skeleton or
what was intended. The anlmus Is the same. The
"Oominion" exists to-day as monument OF the
effort to do us deadly injury and Its only present
rangements % with H1S u.s. and he belief that by con-
structing line OF railroad through Manitoba and
SO on through what Is practically called IN Canada
'the fertile Deltn TO British Columbia, they Will be
enabled TO successfully compete with the United
States for the Eastern trade While Canada Is
markets for the sale Of her vegetables her COAL
horses, cattle ana dairy produce she Is at the same
moment straning every nerve to compeIe with us
and TO injure our commerce. No one can blame her
for her ambitious longings; but 1t is equally true
that we are not called upon TO nelp her at the eX-
pense OF our own citizens and trade.
For some years previous to the negotiation OF the
Reciprocity Treaty political discomfort was wide.
harvests the colonial farmers found scarcely any
market for their products and. while the farmers OF
the United States were prosperous IN PROPORTION 70
penoent upon a market three thousand miles dis
tant and q season OF dangerous navigation en-
bracing less than hall the year. The discomfort was
general. and several Of the leading c0Onlsts openly
advocated either severance from England and 1nde-
pendence OF annexation to the United States Inde-
pendence, was the more popular cry because slavery
then existing In the Southern States many Cana
dians, who would otherwise have desired annexa-
hnc tod lfrnt nafarx
The question which now arises ts Is 1t advisable
to enter INTO any new arrangements OF trade ana
what should be the character Of the agreements 1t
cannot be imagined that the United States viii ever
again enter into such an arrangement as was pre-
arrangement, then can we consent to?
The hostile feeling Of the Canadians has been re-
that it is the oflclal class and not the masses In
Canada who are enemies OF the United States.
During the continuance OF the Reciprocity Treaty
the spirit Of tnat convention was outraged Dy
Canada in this. that their tariff was SO changed as
to bear unduy against the United States whenever
'nauonal policy put duty or dfty cents ton on
COAL In the hope OF excluding the coal OF the United
es on corn ao although CANADA is compeIed iu to
purchase American corn as cheap breadstur for
her own consumption to take the place OF Cana
dian wheat, which sent to Europe. lt also imposed
a duty on barley, although no American barley Is
purchased by Canada. Tne Western Canadians viii
not purchase the coal OF Nova Scotia. Tney camor
for the repeal OF the tax on COAL which fifty
cents a ion, and 1t is found, notwithstanding,
cheaper TO buy from u.s. TO say nothing Of the better
No commercial arrangement can be agreed to by
this country which does not include free inter-
change not only OF natural productions, but OF
manufactures. Canada says that England Will not
permit them 10 admit American manufactures and
revenue is derived from duties on imports, they
enter INTO no treaty or really reciprocal nature
while they are British colony.
1t is possible that In arranging the fishery and St.
Lawrence questions an attempt may be made to in
duce the government OF the United States consent
10 enlargement Of commercial intercourse by way
OF an equivalent. But Canada already full equi-
vaents for all she can give US. The freedom OF the
st. Lawrence we claim as right. rhe freedom of
the fisheries may well be considered as equlva-
lent Tor the very great advantages which Canaaa de-
rves from the bonding system and the transit trade;
Great Western and the Grand Trunk, to exist as
commercial enterprises. or the ten million dollars
Grand Trunk more than two.thirds are on American
account; that Is TO say for trade which only exists
IN consequence OF the bonding system ana the fact
that our lake ports are porls OF entry from Canada.
The Great Western Railroad Is even more dependent
upon the United States.
THE QUESTION OF THE FENIAN RAIDS
1t Is supposed that the Canadian claims for losses
and expenses incurred by Fenian raids from te
United States will be presented by the British commls
dations committed by the Alabama and other Anglo
Confederate vessels upon our commerce. IL Is
known that the Canadian authorities, whether by
the direction OF England or not IS unknown have
made up an official account OF The damages by
up formidable array OF figures, has pecn nle III
England for some time. THESE include the Ridge
way" and "st Adams" campaigns, and all the ex-
penses incurred by Canada III preparing for the an
ticipated attacks how, precisely these claims are
to be dragged In 1t Is not easy to say for iar
foTays the BRUSH Minister at washington
he % ns sses os e 10
effective manner IN winch he had enforced Tie neu-
traliiy laws. and as soon as any overt acts were
nf fhn t-ntn
States the prompt manner In which he had caused
the disarning oil the bands and the Imprisonment of
tue leaders. And 1t Is also beyond question that
but lor the Presidents action the Canadians would
have found the raids anything but chlld's play.
With all our Innate sympathy Tor IrIshIaen and
their wrongs the conduct of the United States is
unmpeachable and unimpeached as to the faithful
performance Of their duties and International oDli-
Cations The Fenans at Niagara and ST. AlDans
were disarmed and ine leaders Imprisoned: they
were not Ieted and given fresh start as England
acted towards the Alabama and II tue lmprison-
nent was brief 1t has not been the usage or the
American government TO punish political offences,
even aimed at the life OF the republic with severity.
The presentation OF the Canadian claims will be
singular proceeding, anu there be little doubt
the reception they will meet WITH at the hands Of
the American commissioners.
THE NORTHWESTERN BoUNDARY-THE SAN JUAN
QUESTION.
This subject comes before the Joint High Commits
sion for adjustment The question mas been an an
noying one Tor many years, and mp TO this time all
efforts To arrive al satisfactory agreement to the
true boundary line between the United States and
Vancouver'S Island nave Iailed The United states
claim that the line. according the Treaty. OF
June 15 1916, gives TO them the uarO archipelago Of
which San Juan island forms a part; while Great
Britain, with equal pertinacity, holds that The san
Juan Island and the Islands OF the Haro archipelago
are part OF the British donlniODs.
In the varieus negotiations which took place be-
tween the Unned States and Great Britain or the
settlement OF the oregon controversy, The United
States made The proposition that the line
should run along the forty-nnth parallel
This line was proposed as compromise or
their conflicting claims TO the territory west
OF the Rocsy Mountains, between the latltudes OF
1orty-two degrees ana ttyfour degrees forty min
utes. For long period the British government per-
sisted asserting claim to the territory lying to
the westward OF the Columbia river This preten-
sion was adhered TO until short time previous to
the conclusion OF the Treaty OF lS45, when they so
far receded from their position that they were WILL
lag TO adopt the proposed compromise, provided
that Vancouver's Island were left to the undivided
jurisdiction OF Great Britain. The United States
finally consented TO this concession, and boundary
was adopted having in view this object. rhe boun-
Diary defined in the first article OF the treaty OF
June Is, S46, as foilows:-
ARTioLE l. From the point the forty-ninth parallel of
latitude where the boundary laid existing