New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-12-01

Yeas and Nays; for eIe'uSirciy h IcHching II Nays
to,7 Yeas. TIE spirit Of the uVvcnnt is nachiI- "
TIE soal OF France is not dead. W. H. u.
PROGRESS OF REFORMS ~ ri SNlN.
AGITATION TO ABOLISH THE FXIMPTIUN OF TIE
NOBILITY FROM DIRECT TAXATION -CVNl'I-
TON OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
(FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT OF THE TElD EF.l
ST. PETERSBURG. Nov. 1O.->incc thc ;hlii-
ton Of corporal punishment. tie emancipation of the
tcrf and the ompusOry military service, they" remains
hut one privilege 10 the R!>>ian no i!ity, that
Of exemption from direct taxation. An AL
tation for the abolition Of this las: Gi-tinc-
ton and for rendering all men equal heforc
the law, Ia putting all thinking Russia into coHo
tom Ii will scarcely lie believed that, in Il country
where the pcasaItry so very poor in Rus H. th'y
pay almost the whole Of the They WEI, lc or in
fact placed In this situation by the pijiVn, ani
ohng has been done then TO relcTc them. We're
they educated or more cNoitIh!c they would rsc
IN rebellion: it is they endure with a,si'r st"c.st
Now, what with new taxes fer the SUPPORT OF 'hc
provincial Institutions and with other hUf'crs. the
situation has l,comc desperate Tat some
r NEEDY must be found. Eyry party or totclle comes
forward With liz panGtca. Some adyCt t. nothing
bu IN income tax to others land tax seems In" only
cure some with Ia keep al. the bufd' On t!r lcas&t
only in Il 4, rent form; OILERS pr pose TIA. The nobility
and rc,aa>, Tho classes in wlo sc LANDS coICcn
tratcd all the wealth Of Tie Empire except Tie mcT'
land owned by thc r";-an'iy shah pay their STARE. Tic
nobility OF Moscow. in advance q the rest have
proposed to give Up thoir GIT totxcmlton from taxa
lion, and yrJVos, t. pay their proportion. One Commits
ZION Las long had Ter consideration the change in th'
tax system, another Las just been appointed To- discuss
tc abolition Of the lo.l tax. Tie provincial As~' P'cS
The Ii sSpapcrs and tourna.>,n occupied wiki pr
l,cts and discussi,D-. II il Only 10 - .cr,d tt l'y
opposition may put IF tie day Of reform.
A. said ust now. Tie TeasaItry have absolutely 40
TT perry hut thcr Land (wich l. not yet al pad or).
tHrr hnt their cattle and tier neIE share OF houNo
old goods Iloars Of nonoy saved Yet, out
~ the SO cCOrO in direct taxes Cc'ycd in Ers>a O;
Including the pa yninis and i.tcrcst an :720soN1
paid 10y the peasants alone, ani ~ the remainder
tLcy pay pert. Then flank Of the Indirect taycs: TIE
from the excl on spirits ain"rns L. S]tio1
yearly an nearly ever, kupcck If HAT comes from til"
peck q! the peasants Tho direct take. on each male
average fron 8 q IL. and We In luGc The quit
still in arrcr it Will make Sn OF from $50 ~ 70
SO for a family whore thee are three adult nIa!c~-
the usual proportion III Rus il. Tia: may see ~ sE
sum but will BE ~ II, at one half O: wo-r!s Of tc
ia, ONE OF "a peasant firmly, arising from agriculture
simply The cousequ, j. that in Inany PROV
i,cea there is always deficit as the family cannot
I've and still pay taXr> These have TO be
raised by work OF some kind. either i'll
Manufacture Itty trade. l.h"r which is not a.rcuL
uril Men boats, tramp of to districts where
labor is scarce durin: the Summer leaving the women
at home til fields for the only purpose OF finding
money pay their taxes. Sometimes TINS method 1S
them the harvcsts bad, they can lind no work
and they are unable to payihe tax Some o'their cattle
nrc seized and sold Ivy the catatrcr and the next
year they s less prosperous There are some dis
trcts where the taxes are always in arrears. On the
Other hand there mobiles with incomes OF from $4,000
IL $4,000 year. who pay Loing except the ioca! rate
the provincial institutions and before the last Few
years they did nOteyen pay that And there mcr-
chants with large with larger incomes In the great
town. who pay perhaps $3.50 aiycar as guild tax. and
that il all II j. opcrceive that system Ike this,
which takes all the taxes from those least able to pay them
the very Of what exists in England and America
.-s rnous TO the economical interests OF the country
only that people 10 be unaware Of the truth
tat the prosperous the lower classes become The
greater the revenue Of the country Will be-
only the amount OF taxes but the way they are
paid. which is oppressive. With the communal system
Of land tenure there is united collective guaranty Of all
the members of the commune for each individual The
taxes are levied on the coumunes which assess the taxes
on the individual members In this the active and
industrious punished for the lazy and drunken for
the taxes must be had. somehow or other. This COZ.
lective guaranty found by the Government useful
md convenient thing i'll the collection Of taxes, and of
recruits for the army and it has been sanctioned and
maintained force. Together with the movement for
reform ia taxation il for abolition Of the collect
I've guaranty lint It does not make much hcadway,
though the Provincial Diet OF St Petersburg reported IN
favor Of the last session. Everything seems TO
turn in a vicious circle Tie tax system cannot he re-
formed cries one party TIL the collective guaranty L.
abolished; this GUARANTY cannot be disposed OF
until the taxation IL reformed, says another.
and so 1t goes Meanwhile the passport system,
vexatious and oppressive, must stay III force TIL both
reformed ana workncn In Moscow and 81. Petersburg
have to 20 or send to distant part Of the Empire
every year to renew their passports. but rcqurst
will not De acc'dcd to before their .hae of the faxes il
paid, share that l. greatly increased when the Iyrre
far off; bcr! they subjected to exturtious
and cxactons the part OF the officials through whose
hands the passports 90. Every reform seems to be
treated 10y very, very many in financial light
how IL will affect the In spite Of the good in.
tntions OF the Emperor, and the noble enthusiasm the
rising generation, bureaucracy sends far and wide its
evil crushing influence. The idea cannot he eradicatc
from official minds that the Government created
their amusement and OccupatOn and that III" people
solely to pay tie taxes and Lt them "rnn the
Chine
And what DO the yDasaury get for all their toll and
money! Lrk al the roads and bridges, they are nprov
ing tr'' 'ut they still very bad Tho pcaaatry
eo anu ale "pAo' Tor education, yet when S95,tcOpo
year are ~ mt on the army only s7OOOOco are set
apart "l rb' Eeiructinu about the same us for the
rAp'Ls'A " 'he tmper.l COurt-Of which less than
s."'"' are io' oo1inon and primary schools, and a
'n' W tat - "tnihed 10 the Treasury at the end OF
tn' year az ubGScd and UNNECESSARY Let Us hope that
-" s'"''" no" gong IN, and the Interest taken in
'mhe Nv" experimentation land educatjo--by all the
n''s"'cneu '"S'eS IA is,seia. Will 5000 be produc-
live OF sa!GlaIy results. in FINLAND uh.re the
:. 'ohe''u'iohii sovereign tho wishes
VI Tue county are consulted, and tie couutrv
Is accordingly III a state Of prosp,rtv 1.uao has
Just been issued cOnvoking the Diet ~, 1,,., =,
heisngfors on the LIST Of February 1870 s,,cs 1904
"hen the union with Russia affirmed bere b.. ,.,
Duly pne session of. The DtetiA lSGa when was called