Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1871-05-09
The Five Races of Men.

III Is q hundred years or so since
the scientific men of Europe settled
upon the classification of mankind
which has since prevailed-Caucas.
ian, Monaghan, Negro, Malay and
Americana very rude division,
which has been found quite made
quate of late years TO satisfy the adj
vance of chronological knowledge
Three or four years ago, Professor
Huxley indicated his belief in quite a
different classification, which be has
now illustrated in paper contribute
ed by him to the January number oil
the British Journal Of the chronological
Society. He believes in four princi-
pal types Of mankind, and fifth,
which he thinks is derived from two
of these four His classification is, 1,
the Australbid type. found in all
Australia, except Tasmania, and
among the hill-trlbes of the Deccan
in Hindoostan 2, the Negroid type,
found in all Africa between Sahara
and the Cape, including Madagascar,
and including, as a modified form,
the Malays and the inhabitants of
| Tasmania and the islands east of con-
tinental Australia, whom, with some
Others Huxley calls Negrito; 3, the
Xenthrochroic. or tair-skinned type,
found chiefly in central Europe, but
extending into northern Africa, Syria
and Arabia, and even as far as Hin
doostan ; and, 4, the Monaghan type,
inhablting an enormous area lying
meinly east of line drawn from
Lapland TO Siam, but including the
Dyaks of Borneo and many of the
islanders of the Asiatic archipelago
or "Indonesia," who are mixed with
the Australioid type, and including
also the Esquimaux, Greelanders aad
American Indians.
These four great groups of men,
according to Huxley, occupy all the
world except Western and Southern
Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Minor,
Syria, Arabia, Persia and Hindoostan.
In these regions are found, more or
less mixed with the Xantrochrooi
and Mongoloids, and extending for a
great distance into the regions occu-
pied by the four great types, the
Melanchroic. or dark-skinned whites,
whom he regards as a mixture of
Xanthochroic and Australioid types.
He considers the Egyptians, ancient
and modern, as modification OF the
Australioid type, and not Melanoch-
roof but the latter, in their best
form are represented by many Welsh
men, Irishmen and Bretons, by Span
iards, South Italians, Greeks, Arme-
mans, Arabs and bigh-caste Bramins.
He describes the Xanthochrooi as of
tall stature, with the skin almost col
orless, and SO delicate that the blood
really shows through, blue or gray
eyes, light hair. ranging from straw
colored to red or chestnut, and with
abundant beard and body hair. A
man of the Melanochroic type may
equal in physical beauty and intel
Iectual energy the best of the Kan
thochrooi (to whom, of course, Mr.
Huxley belongs), but still be presents
great contrast, for his skin, though
clear aud transparent, is of brown
hue, deepening to olive; his hair,
though fine and wavy, is black, and
his eyes also are black his stature
is ordinarily lower and the make of
his frame lighter than among the
Xanthochrooi. In Hindoostan these
"dark whites" pass off by innumera-
bic gradations into the Australioids OF
tho Deccan, while in Europe they
shade off by endless varieties of To-
termixture into the "fair whites"
1t is to these two groups of whites
that the term Caucasian" is COM
monty applied but this term, Hux-
ley regards as absurd.
In discussing this paper, when
read before the chronological Society,
Mr. George Campbell, an authority
in East Indian matters, agreed with
Huxley as to the connexion between
the Australians and the people of
the Deccan, which be said was sup
ported by traces of resemblance in the
Dravidian and Australian languages.
But he was unwilling to give up the
term Caucasian, though he could for
bear the use of "Ayrans" and "Se-
mites" He would designate the diff
ference not by color, as Huxley did,
but as perfect and imperfect eau
casians." some countries truly eau
casian present the most perfect form
of the race, the handsome, high
featured people represented by the
Jewish type, which prevails among
the Afghans and the tribes on the
hills northwest of India, who are
Aryans. The Aryan Persians, the
Jews, Syrians and northern Arabians
partake largely of this type; but as
the true Caucasians descended into
southern Arabia, and mixed with
some other race, they became the
short and swarthy Arabs; and as
they pushed on northwesterly into
Europe, Mr.. Campbell supposes they
intermixed with "some primitive
races Of cockle-eaters and she'll
mound makers, who shortened our
noses, detracted from our beauty
aud rendered us the mixed and varied
race that we now are" Mr. Wallace
in the main. supported the hypothe
sis of Huxley.
These speculations derive much in
terest just now from Mr.. Darwin:
positive assurances that all races o.
men are descended from monkeys
the tendency Of Huxley's theories
being to show that at remote anc
indefinite past epoch, there were
four great races, as distinct from
each other as they are now, anC
which, with all their intermixture
have not approached SO near that al
the inhabitants of the single islanC
of Ireland can be regarded as posi-
lively descended from one of tb'
four races. 1t will also be seen how
imperfect is the classification as it 81
fects the native American races. a
a contribution to scientific guess
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