New-York tribune., 1871-05-04
SCIENTIFIC NOTES.

san was wsre he stood and 10 bve span Of little more
nom ,Sa feet It's color white, like the lunar bow
s,,,,cAN FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES
-,,,r.r recommends an aragam made Of two parts by
S,sst ot zinc mixed, while melted, with one part OF
orcury He finds It superior to the amalgsm com
r1only used ON the leather eosnons OF Ine s
one of Einc, ana one OF tn' .,
SpoNGY Iron AS A FILTER.-Noelcker calls
attention to the of spongy iron as deodoriEng
material of greater potency than animal charcoal
sewage water passed through filter OF spongy iron ls
cop,petey purified and this water after having peSn
kept six months protected from the arr was pere@S.y Guy
sweet and free from fungus growth. The spohRy tol
was obtained by caeinng finely divided IRON ore anu
charcoal
PEPsIN AND OTHER FERMENTs ISOLATED BY
GIYcERINE-The experiments of Won Witch prove that
by means Of concentrated glycerne pepsn and other
secalled ferments may be completely isolated. The
Eycerine extracts thus obtained with but few exee6
mons remain unchanged for long time so that stOck
OF fement may he kept In store Another adyanthge @
been exhausted of their ferment otherwise so lite
changed that they can be examined uhder cohuuoh'
hitherto impossible
ORCHILA-0ne of the most precious colors
known to dyer that produced from kind OF moss
which grows bushes and stones near the sea- Its eX
istence California has lately been
1T is so abundant along much oI tue coast as oTaty
gather quarter of tun IN day. Ihe Des .a, the
brings in England about 500 per tun The aye ySisbes
color that s said 10 rival that made from the been
Plantations where the cOchneal insect bred of
ts competOn @ Of the orcSs c6lOrs produced from the
hchen brought from Africa =. NJ
Is INSTINCT INHERITED EXPERIENCE F-Pro1.
1oseph I Cone Of the California University, in recent
let,er 70 prof Tyuda of London optical iuusion'
saws whether the seeing objects in their true position
be in primary OF an Nv own See Is That
it Is partly the and partly the othermJda eaPI
l. nhate Sy ~ Vision is rapidly almost Immediately
anired The actions of all animals are determined part
a. prbaly but an inherited capacity improved by the
experience Of thousands OF generatlonsLa sor1 OIL m
experience is great and of Individual experience Is Is
can douGt that newborn chick or newborn ruminant
sees objects in their true position Is IL lmprOpaoe
then that in man also vision partly the result OF
inherited experience though confirmed and strength
entd 10y individual experience-the former inherited i
through all human generations, or even perhaps Da
wnians would Say through all vertebrate generations
MAGNETIC SPECTRA.-Prof. A. A. Mayer OF
PENNSYLVANIA has invented new method OF liking pho
tographing, and exhibiting magnetic specua ne hrs'
coats a clean plate of glass with solution OF sheac III
alcohol in the same Photographic plate Is
coated with colodion. After the plate has remained
day two in dry atmosphere II Is paced over t te
maanet so that the under surface OF the plate just
touches the magnet. Fine iron filings OF norway IRON
saIi1iy over the fm of lac The spectrum is then
dnced on the ting plate by letting light piece OF
rhe plate is now cautiously placed the end Of cy.in-
der G "a %Sd ne Sn9 Tae m Of eastiron pate
which has been heated large Bunsen flame Thus
;no tbe softened fm When the shelac is hardened
Gff %R e eS aPdTed dtns to ast &nS until the
tIStIic lnser Of the filings has disappeared aud the
MN appears quite dG PG e Sgi Sestne 1' nSt car
ried so far Many pis1es Iaye 5een nae O3 % Harinns
and Of juxapoed bars as well as Tue d m IN
electric currents led y wires through noigs h ntIa 70
plates Among the most inerestng are those Spee'IS @
exhibiting nducve action of magnets on Dars Oh
soft iron and the interaeton OI magnets ana eIec'Io cur
rents
VENTILATION OF House -DRAINs.-IRe Builder
IN reviewing report of the Royal Sanitary Commits
soD says: "The basis upon which system of ventila-
ton drains effected is the consideration that
sewage consists two fluids, the one liquid he sewage
proper and the other gaseous the foul air liberated by
the decom position OF sewage; and as these Two kus o
fud lrayel in opposite direcuons-the one downward by
gTayv and the other upward. by OF its having
less specific gravity than the atmospheric a least soe
health it follows that construct channel merely for
the part, without completing the work Dy ProXiang
az for the other, is TO make an imperfect WORK; Oi
the formation OF gases cannot DE preventeu IN IL
aa tSa dr5n and those are in and close about TIE
fOuses) until their elastic force drives he tfough ne
tTaps aud soipp into t1e houses, unless Yenathg
pp. he so CONNECTED with drain carry of those
inl IONS cases. pau which has succeeded cHIy
tsr inches diameter To the top of and a few feet
above highest part OF the roof OF the house Inc
eruption of the confined gases viii not then tend 70 IoSe
themselves through the traps but viii freely ascend the
canne provided for them, and when they make their
the mouth OF the pipe above the roof they be-
come sucicnty diluted win atmospheric air to become
harmless the dwelers below, they have the ten
dency still further ascend, until, indeed, they become
practically annihilated."
ELECTRO MAGNETIC ENGNEs.-Ihe Journal
Of the Franklin Institute, gives the following succinct
statement the comparative cost OF generated
and used III magnetic and steamengineS The total me
ehancal equivalent OF pound OF pure carbon consumed
with oxygen is 793Dxl 99O=1O9sl 900 footpounds; in
words pound Of pure coal burned In one minute
ment Of motion exert a force Of 1881 1882 horse
power during minute; on, If burned during an hour
would exert 532 60=55 horsepower during al hCnr or,
again, each horsepower would require 55=l9 oI a
pound OF coal per hour nearly, or say la OF pound
Now, matter Of fact, good steanenine ard boiler
does develop horse power for each pounds or coal con-
med lrf rfft0 hgU
might do IL perfect machine This shows us that there
duty motors, and that IT, ia other man
neT chemical force oe converted into motion in less
be Inconsistent with economy. pound Of zinc,
consumed with oxygen in enc minute would, if applied
VelOp force of 1903 80 O0O55 horse power during
that time during hour 50 Col, say, horse
power. Ia other words zinc, being consumed in such
way utilize its total force, would weight for weight,
be above five times effective coal in its present
less than FIVE times costly coal and perfect bat
terry electric engine shall have been invented, these
will compete faYOT&Dly Win the steamengnes OF the
present day
BESsEMER ON IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL.-At
the annual meeting Of the British Iron and Steel Inst
tute recently held IN London the PTesdenteect, Mr.
Pessemer delivered the inaugural address Among the
various manufacturing industries OF the world there
was he said possessing absorbing Interest
e the manufacture OF trOB whether viewed as source
OF national wealth. social advancement or in its purely
scientific character In the course OF an able address he
The United States, and of Mr. Sherman an American
tlenan, who had been carrying on munger @ 81 ehper
Messrs. Wears co. OF Sheffield he added that among
tic most Important improvements atey eneGteu IN III tis @
Manufacture Of steel, was the development ny sr
Jsseph WAtwortb, OF the system of casting under
hydraulic The casting OF large masses o stGe
free from air bubbles has long been source 1i %
owing enieiy fact that at the extremely hgh tenn
peratmc molten steel certain quantity OF oxygea
absorbed and retained 10y the metal 30 long as 'e
Temperature