New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-01-24
TIE CONFERENCE.
THE REPORTED ADJOURNMENT CONTRADICTED--
BISMARCK REFUSES TO ALLOW FAYRE TO
LEAVE PARIS.


Count Bismarck has In q note in reply 70 NJ. Jules
Fayres request for a safe conduct declined TO enter upon
any such negotiation. His reasons therefor given
in the following summary OF the note Count Bismarck
says: Presunlng that the authority Of the Provisional
Government had not been recognized by the French
ton, the Military Government formerly allowed n. Fayre
TO pass without prejudicng the question Of recognition
1t Is impossible 10 give VI. Fayre safeconduct TO
pass the German lines, because OF his declaration that
invitation TO ake part In the proceedings Of the Con-
ference would be a recognition Of the Republic" In
conclusion, Count Bismarck pontedy inquiries whether
1t ia advisable fOr ~ Fayre to proceed to London, since
the interests at stake at Paris for Germany aud France
completely oyershadOw the Eastern question.
A recent dispatch from Paris announces that Jules
FayTe quite III.
FORMER INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES or EUROPE
WHY THEY WERE CALLED, AND WHAT
THEY EFFECTED.
IN 1914, the PenipOtentiaries of all the States
Of Europe met at Vienna reconstruct tie map of Eu-
rope. The subsequent history OF the European states
indisputably proves that the work OF the assembled d.
pomatss not well done II has neither stood the tes
OF time, shown itself capable, in many In
stances OF being peaceably amended II has led, and
sill leads to bloody and the future is pregnant
with serious complications which everybody admits
must be solved though how the solution may be peacea
bly, effected nobody has yet been able 10 point out To
conclude the wars avert them and to solve sudden
complications or least TO smooth tie for their fu
ture solution has been the object Of the great Interna-
tonal Conferences Congresses. distinction IS
times made between these two FORMS Conference being
used for n meeting held b. the regular ambassadors OF
the States in the capital where takes place. and Con-
gress for assemblies OF plenpotentaries, specially
appointed and deputed for the purpose The distinction
H. however far from being generally accepted; and,
It by no affects the importance OF these assem-
bllcs Is OF little practical value The Conferences or CON-
grasses arc the great crises through which the political
a. Al. "A
important portion Of their proceedings eonyeyS Drd8-
1874 OF the great interests which still agtac me NINA or
Europe ana OF the great dangers which threaten II" ID
The Congress of Vienna had the important task Of re,
arranging the territorial divisions OF Luroe Wnch laa
been radically disturbed by the nr,t NapOcrh' IL
was attended by the EmperOrs OF Austria ana Russia,
the Kings of Prussia Denmark, Bavaria ana HiItem,
berg number Of Other princes ana The mos,
diplomatsts OF the ago. among whom were Metrgrmch,
TaleyIand. stein, Castlereagh, Minister ana Harden
beTgh Personal Influences were largely Ata n
shaping final resolutions and France probably owes
to the diplomatic talent OF Taeyrand glei'eT Tho n
sons than she would otherwise nave an Tho ~, &
principle that can be said to have guided t1g ,Faslc
lions OF the Congress was that or the equhDluh oi
France, England, Russia, Austria and PRUSSIA as inc
duly aggrandzed the expense and TO the danger OF
the Others while their agreement on any great nerna-
for all the other As regards the internal policy
OF the several staes absolute Was faygied
the new territorial Arrangement no regard wnat-
ticuIar three great nations which the consciousness
OF their national unity was strongly aive-Germany.
The second Congress OF Paris, 1915, was supplement
iary that Of Vienna. The new danger with which the
return OF Napoleon from EDa nad threaehea EuIOpr,
caused other Great Powers to be somewhat less I'D
eral to France in fixing her frontier than tney haa IN
tended 10 be at Vienna. 1t was also provided that
Switzerland was to allowed 10 remain neutral
in European conflicts and that thel0nan Islands were 10
be placed the proecorate of Great Britain But
more important than all these provisions was Tor El,
between the sovereigns Of Russia, Prussia and Austria,
who agreed with united efforts to stamp out the liberal
| of and
rope the cause Of absolute monarchlsm go 49,,
Tee task arduOus, for the war OF liberation whch
the nations of Europe had carried against the first
Napoleon had kinded throughout the continent spirit
Uc of German Itaiy spain and other countries made
noble extort from their rulers the concessions
of liberal Institutions and than the soveregns
of the three Empires found it necessary 10 meet in Con-
gress devise the best measures for ayertng tie dan
plans The irs of Congresses, which was held at
Aixa-Chapee in 1918, fully developed the system and
ellis Of this Alliance. The Congress. of Karls-
bad, in 1919, planned measures for crushing out me
liberal movements in Germany, which demanded truly
tent Sr eiey d The r
man Empire on liberal and popular basis I1t reVon-
tonary agitation IN part OF Italy called fGrtn tne
At the latter Russia, Prussia, ard Austria formally
adopted the principle q an armed nteryeLton 10 inc
mtionary agitation and soemnly declared that from tns
principle they would never depart France gave in rs
consent The Congress Verona, in 1874 applied this
principle the liberal movement in spain, which was
|
France After that, there long ntrrupten in the
holding OF international Congresses Greece, even be-
independence; and, in 1850 the three allied foEers
deemed ii best not to interfere when France once more
expelled the BOurbOns, and Belgium Effected sePais-
tion from Holland but Russia, Austria, GERMANY Hhy,
SPAIN and most of the minor countries OF EUROPE
tnued be governed in accordance with the principles
OF the Holy Alliance, of which Prince Metternc9 was Dy
consent regarded as the ablest and leading rep
In ls,s the work of the Holy Alliance shattered to
pieces by a general upheaving of the revolutionary
beginning
Paris The objects which the leaders OF this movements
had in view accomplished. In France the re-
public oyerthrown, and the Teesabshme OF
German Empire failed by the timdity OF King Fred.
erck William ". But in spite Of all this Europe entered
upon a new era No prince or statesman was found To
resume the work of Meternich. IL vas admitted on all
agreed upon at the Congress Vienna, would soons
later be neyitaDe and that thee Gnss c9 h nos
five Powers, but that the aspirations OF tho
dsmembered nations for reconciliation OF their ma
tiona unity would he an Important agency "h5h no
Government would bo wise in leaving ont OF consdel-
ton. Prussia and Austria both acknowledging the
power of tho union movement in Germany, began
for the leadership IN reunited Etrmahy.
Russia Regarding the collapse OF the Turkish Emple
at least in Europe as imminent underworld to eSta9n
virtual prOeotOrate the Christian tribes OF IuAcy
and to for itself the undispued aseendency
in the East when the collapse OF rae should DeI sis
accomplished fact the war OF ne Crmeil I9h 80
and sardinia deemed it necessary join Turkey ands
new Conference OF Paris conyoked IN 1886 70 arg'
under the cooperation Of Austria and Prussia was con-
Guided between Russia on the one hand, anu Iulasy
France, England and Sardinia on the olher qua .l,V.u
The indenpnencs and The territorial integrity OF Turkey,
neutrazed the Black Sea- on the coasts oI MILL 10
military and marine arsenals were 10 ne htpt %
and Turkey, and which neither OF tnes1 t"o 800
was allowed To keep armed vessels finally ,nc3nta
the old Turkish principle that the Dar'n'.s anu one
Bosphorus must he entered in time OF pace ny my
foreign wpr-yesse France England, and Austria, nOre.
over, agreed among themselves 20 iesaru Noi"'o"'
the above provisions as u cdSus 6ett. . -.
This alliance With Austria lid not hinder Lou.
Napoleon in 1852 from supporting the rev -
Italy i'm the war against Austria og the recovery oI
I1nibarty The new nation which thus arose wac, 2s
antagonist OF the latter and the natural ally ois TO
tectoI-of Louis NAPOLEON, who became more aud more