The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-17


rlous duties OF winch he faithfully discharged.
BECOMES A PRFLATE.
After fulfilling these duties Tor twenty months Leo
MI. designated MN To the Archiepiscopal see ol
Spoleto, the Ponuii's native diocese where he
founded an orpianage for the maintenance and In
strucuon OF poor children intended Tor industrial
lie. Whe here the Few prelate experienced his
frst political troubles, MS doce @ being invaded in
1881 Dy "a band OF insurgents. who ESCAPED thithcr
after lney had been compelled ~ the Austrlans to
abandon the siege OF Ciilta Cdslelana, and whom
tue Archbishop Induced by moral suason and a
promise OF money to deliver up their arms. consist
ing 81 several thousand mnskets and i've pieces OF
cannon Al the same time CARDINAL Berncll. then
secretary or state, entrusted 10 hIh the temporary
jurisdiction over the provinces OF Perugia and SpO
eto. IN consequence OF the nght OF The authorities
aud he discharged the duties IN addition to those Of
ms see And IN January Of The following year his
iahofs were much increased by his endeavors to al
lcvlate the distress caused by an earthquake, which
ad desolate great portion OF the province OF spo-
ELEVATED TO THE DIGNITY OF CARDINAL.
In December 1882, Gregory XVI., who was then
the Pontn, translated Mastai from the Archiepisco
pal see OF Spoleta to the Episcopal see OF lmoia
vacant by The resignation OF Cardinal Justlnian;
and NniIe IN this diocese he was decorated with the
purple being reserved pstto In the conSstory Of
December -, 1889, aud was proclaimed Cardinal
December ID, 1910. While III Inc diocese OF lmoia,
Cardinal Mastai was instrumental IN rounding many
charitable institutions one OF which was college
for ecclesiastical students VINO had not the means
ato enable them TO complete Their studies at the
Ecclesiastical Seminary He also established con-
seryatory Tor female orphans, an asylum for the
deal and dumb an orpnanage for the instruction Of
poor children, and refuge Tor lelnaie pcnitents
a hs e5sSs dPeAsis Ysaye G sn
the Cathedral, which ne lound unfinished.
HE STAYS THE AssAssIN's HAND
W ME making his accustomed visit To the altar or
the cathedral Of lmoa in the dusk y an evening III
February 1916, the Cardinal was alarmed by the
scrlstan rushing toward INN, exclaining tnaG a
murder was being perpetralcd in the sacrlstis and
SpeiscliGally requesting hn TO hasten tnither.
iiayng first invoked the DIVINE aid lie proceeded
10 the spot, where he found lying on bench u
young man who had taken refuge IN the building
alter receiving DANGEROUS wound from bayonel;
and nnlu apnn had. Ennr
ing naked weapons and intent upon the death OF
Their vict,m. Them fierce looks, however, dbl not
disnlay the Cardinal, who confronted them with his
Peciofal cross, informed them OF the enormity OF
their crime, and commanded them TO retire, which
they immediately did.
THE rAPAL THRONE BECOMES VACANT.
The intelligence OF Tie death OF Pope Gregory
XVII. which took place on June !, 1916, was re-
engaged win number Of his clergy IN Il spiritual
relreat, where they were accustomed to assemble
for ten Gays for seclason and prayer, anG he at
once fastened TO Rome Ut which city he arrived On
the 12tn.
over fifteen years, had been one OF commoton, COM
mencing the day alter his election I'm February,
lsSl,J With revolution, which broke out In Modcna
and immediately extended to the Papal provinces
and mepacea Rome ana the Papa government. The
Austlians eventually suppressed these revolutionary
orous measures 10 prevent u repetition oi the out
break; ana the result was that he re-
framed from lntrG,dacng -, reform, fearful
meat that was evidently awaiting its opportunity.
And as IN tlno ms ressn evidently drew 10 Il ciosc
tle liberals restrained their acton, In the nope that
his successor lught introduce q new policy which
mlght approach TO their desires Consequently,
when 1t became necessary to eject new Pope there
WAS considerable anxiety III the Papai dominions;
but The excitement consequent thereon IN obler
nations was less than what it had been III former
DAYS, account OF the diminutiOn OF the temporal
power during the previous hail century.
ELECTION or rus THE NINTH.
On June IA tie Cardinals assembled 10 elect q new
POn.if, with an ANXIOUS and excited crowd III the
outer streets awaiting the decision. The Sacred
College consumed Two days III the testing 81 votes,
the candidates Tor the vacant tiara being the fol-
lowing cardinals:-Fransoni, aged al; Castruccio
dor s and sos Mca T. On rH the
evening OF tie 18th the choice unanimously fell on
tue later, who was bg more than dozen years the
youngest OF the candidates, and on the morning OF
the I7tn Cardinal Mastai was proclaimed from the
balconies OF The Qurinal as the new Pope, under the
inns set cton was the cause OF great rejoicing
among me Italian liberals; who eit Inspired with
the hope that me new Pontilf would inaugufate mis-
reign with course OF liberal measures which they
imagined IN the end would conduce 10 Italian
unity. which had been their "bewitching DREAM
There can be little doubt but that Cardinal Mastal
was indebted for his election to the influence OF
LOUIS Philippe. and his first act was TO acknowledge
TO Count Rossi, the French Ambassador, his indebt
INAUGURATION OF CnEcYERED REIGN
The new Pope aid not disappoint the expectations
Of the liberals as he commenced his reign by the
Introduction Of reforms Of nature more progress
sive than any that had been granted by previous
POpcs: but he soon found himself overwhelmed by
IN Is4s. from which date I'LL the time OF Its total
extinction last year the temporal power Of the Pope
was dependent for It's existence on foreign bay
Onets.
The first important act Of Plus TX was to issue,
month after ne assembled the throne July l6,,
general amnesty Tor political offences. which
caused him TO become emnentiy popular for
the time, and led crowds OF all ranks and
professions to hasten 10 the Quirnal to express to
him the joy which his act Of grace mad
Infused. In fact, great was the excitement that
though twice In the space OF few hours he had
given his blessing to the assembled muti,udes, he
FELT constrained again. contrary 70 etiquette after
and a spontaneous Illumination III up the whole city.
CHANGES IN PUBLIC FEELING.
The Pope was, however, lacking III hrmness,
lending TOO attentive an ear 10 the influence OF the
arstocratlc party, who had objected to his sweeping
by the liberal leaders, VINO considered they had q
claim TO Offices pensions or succor OF some sort
great number OF the applicants and the embar-
raised finances OF the HOLY See rendered him
unable to meet the demand, and caused consider
able strife between the fortunate and unfortunate
applicants. This source OF disquietude, added 10
the reputation the new Pope nad obtained for vacii-
latlon and inconsistency, soon caused the Popes
popularity to wane, so that on November OF the
same year. on bis appearance in public, he was
deeply mortified To ind himself coldy treated Win
the desire TO regain his popularity, he authorized
on the following day q commission OF preates ana
laymen TO report on several proposed municipal
ana political reforms. This, for time, restored
HIN TO public favor, which was further increased by
various DEGREES snoray afterwards ss0ed Tor the
tutions, hospitals for the poor and the reorganza-
ton OF the famed College Of Bologna and OF the
military forces Of the Papa states.
A TURBULENT THRoNG.
But the Pope was now beset with new difficulties.
The liberal measures he was introducing into his
dominioas induced q horde OF the dissatisfied Of
other countries 10 flock to the papgl city an
asylum IN which they would be unmocsted by the
governments they had offended. Rome thus be-
came, al the close OF 1885, the headquarters Of the
revolutionary element in Europe where aggressive
acts were organized. Aware Of the haired with
which these irrcpressihes viewed LOUIS Philippe,
Count Rossi, the French Ambassador at Rome, he.
came alarmed, and used hls influence 10 limit The
Papal reforms TO those of practical and useful
nature; while on the other hand, Lord Palmerston
favored the spread OF liberal opinions, which dis
tufDed the relations between the French and the
English governments; ana this, added to the
concessions being made by the soveregns OF
Sardinia and tuscany helped 10 Keep IN action
the yeasty element that was assembled In Rome.
The result OF all this was that Plus lX found IL ne
cessary 10 check the progress OF his reformatory
measures, aud in June, lSlT, he issued two State
papers, In which, though he expressed the strong
est terms his determination to proceed IN the pam