The States and Union. [volume] (Ashland, Ohio) 1868-1872, 1871-01-25
brourht all safely to land.

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Elm in loss, and which is leading him
On to profits. these two points he
must ascertain /; and then, i'll the
words of Ricardo, '.cut short his losses
and let his profits run on"
One OF the first things to do, there
fore, ia to make accurate observations
on his labors and their results. He
must weigh and measure accurately.
A scale for weighing all his cattle,
that he may know what management
docs best Tor them; for weighing ev-
cry load of hay, corr or potatoes, that
he may know the product of each
field, and to determine readily the
value of every animal which lie pro
poses to dispose of, will more than
pay him its cost every year, if prop
erJy used; without it, he is like a
sailor deprived of a compass. l. not
already done, every field should be
carefully measured with chain or tape
line, and the whole laid down on a
map. BY this he may know at q
glance the number of acres he allots
to each crop, the time required to
plow each field, the a Mount of seed to
SOW it, and the value of the product
per acre after it is harvested. It is
obvious what an advantage the Guilt
vator must possess who adopts this
mode of accurately determining caus-
es and RESULTS over the one who knows
only by vague guessing whether he is
gaining or losing by his different
movements.
The farmer who is about to begin
the year should learn with q certain
degree OF accuracy, how much money
and manual and team labor he will
require to carry Eis work handsomely
through the season. The builder who
is about to erect a house learns the
exact expense beforehand, and knows
every stick and plank that will be
wanted. He would be soon involved
in confusion if he should mistake the
cost, and attempt to build a ten-thous-
and dollar house with five thousand
dollars capital. There is 40 more
fruitful cause of bad success in farm
ing than wan of means. Other
things being equal, the more a mai
expends to carry on the work of liz
farm judiciously, the more he will
make and The greater will be his
profits. In England the enormous
taxes imperiously compel the farmer
to this course, and tho only way he
can do is to expend freely wherever
necessity demands it. Josiah Quin.
cy once said;;.sAt the great EXPOSE
ton in Paris met an English farmer
who told me he had just leased an
estate for which he paid eight thous-
and dollars a year. / asked him
what was the first thing he did, and
with a smile he replied, "the first
thing l did was to invest fifty thous-
and dollars in stock, utensils, manure
and seed.
Now, the Object of capital is not
merely to spend a large sum of money;
it is for the purpose of saving. We
once heard a farmer OF limited means
say, Il am Lot rich enough TO be
economicall" The weeds were over
growing his crops, and he had not the
me at command to destroy them
while it could yet be done with little
labor. Another lost over q hundred
dollars III the DIMINISHED product of
oafs from late sowing. when a few
additio tal dollars paid for hired help
would have put the crop in early
Still another lost half his turnip crop,
With heavy cost besides, because he
could not Kill the weeds as they came
up, but allowed them to grow a foot.
costing ten times the labor 20 eradi-
cate them.
But what shall we do il we really
have not the means to do work well
and in good timer" This is exactly
the question we wish to answer. Elk
anime carefully, beforehand, and see
how much work you will have to do,
and it you certainly have not The
means to do it, reduce your land
This may be done in different ways.
Cne is to sell a part, which few can be
pursuaded to do Another is to rem
a part or let it out on shares
Another is to get as much of the farm
as practicable into grazing fields and
meadows. In whatever way the diff
Guilty is met, determine not to-cuitiuate
more land than you al do well.
But another step must be taken.
Select such a course as will accom-
plish as much as pra ticable with 4
given amount of means Do not at
to do with your hands what
horses may do more rapidly. Ifyour
land is weedy (and there are very few
fields which are not), clear them out
by previous following, by
and ha' rowing, and harrow
Ing and blowing, and do not plant a
crop that will require the slow and
expensive proce S OF hoeing and hand
wedding till this thorough cleaning is
done. Again, two or three plows are
broken or prematureiy worn out by a
lew fixed stones that could probably
be removed with the money that
would pay for one plnw, and you save
the others and have an easily titled
piece Of land in the bargain. Again,
the wet parts of your fields keep you
rom blowing the rest in season, and
you lose in this way ten times as much
as the cost of running a few good
through the bottoms OF
The lowest places. 1t is by applying
money to the best advantage that you
make it go thrice as far as expen-
ling it without Judgment.
The farmer who has rover kept
accounts Of his work, will find it hard
o decide how muc lie may be able
do next summer in the best man
Ter ; but one who has kept q constant
'reck. ming" may now, these long win
er evenings, lay. out his work, esti
anHa @ha |;,0o ,,,,II xoL.1 a. H., 81