New-York tribune., 1871-01-03
,.,,.c ,r,ov IN sTEDEy AND NoRFAE

sAILAu'',,N sAILA,'',','> ,TrENDING SCHooL-NuNi .t,
Ei,,I,r[-IyIyERsAL MILITARY l,, ,T-,,,S-n.
'Topy SCHOOLS CONF lL9u"i Ni-''-'
.,, ~. ~ swFDEN AND Nok"Al.
ANOh ~ ~ Dec. 26.-Gen. c. c. Andrews,
w NASiL,so,, NJ stockholm, has forwarded iuh re-
% stcn,s Of public instruction in sweden ana
poftS OF ~, r,,n,rtrent Of state, when mas III turn
Nor"'y 49,, IN the Bureau Of Education ihese uo'u-
5.tcd November, 1870 are full OF lnei'S' " ''o'o
',ntl learn what has been done IN OtIsI '"""S 'oi
the cause OF education ., J. ,o,s he.rocn
.nJ1sv,ars was G7e e12S Of whom 526i6 were a'.H'.s
,n "Folk' fchoos schools for the lower eiasSes' am
,oro attending other schools or being instructed
- 7, follows therefore, that q out OF every loO
,,o, wore receiving Instruction. percentage "hlch
"a nproably not exceeded by other nation ana "l'h
a., most enlightened Of the Unod states OF America
nav Look upor with envy. Several causes have coh'flo
,,3 70 the more than ordinary diffusion OF h'erai!
tDoyledc, among the masses oi sweden tIoln '"o
,,t ,riod the peasanry Stituted one OF inc ioi
.t,tes ar chambers OF the highest legislative "sSeA!
thc MET The masses enjoyed much liberty ana TOOK
,,. IN rolidcs On the establishment OF the Lutheran
,,rb tce centuries ago. the rite Of confirmation ana
tuowledee Of ,he caechism was made obligatory for
many wears rack there has hardly been sWede lher'
torc who could not OF least read. peasant from sch
MI Manson had the honor Of introducing the hrst oh
tor the establishment popular system OF educauoh
,cl,,,ls were e1lpported by local contributions
An agitation cf ten gears in the House Of Peasants
finally constrained the Government TO take up the SUD
tact Then there arose "A remarkable and unanimous op
position from the Bishops Some held the matter 10 De
absolutely local. AID with which the state should hoI
Insdale others declared that schools were established
IN, people vero too poor TO send their children properly
cl,d othcr maintained that the education Of the peas
sntry should be of % limited character. The Bishop of
lane that seat OF the ancient University, maintained
that popular education could not and should not he III
trofIcc The reply of the celebrated poet Tgner then
Bishop Of diocese Of WeX0, similar in spiIt To
tlc question what should the Folk schools teach ~ lie
qD.wored "The culture OF the labOrnS classes ought
principally 10 lee rchaous this II rightly impaired, In
clu!cs morality. Al other knowledge is u he regarded
as not only needless, but hurfu than beneficial
TcgGer was that time 81 years Of age, and had been
bishop about twelve years. Notwithstanding the Oppo-
Eton Of tie T. tabshod Church in three years from the
time those were given the present system OF
FOk schools had it's foundation in act OF the Diet
by the Law OF 1872 one school required to he
maintained in each soehen "a political division of from
six twelve English miles in extent, both i'll the city
and in the country.
The following are the branches taught in the Fol-
schools aud the nImbcrs that received instruction il
each branch OF study IA 1861 Writing 4O225o; Biblical
History $1,000; Catechsn 28G5)D; Arithmetic, S395O)
HlstOry and Geography, 1327 Grammar lO5,soO
Geometry and Linear Drawing, $500; Singing, $4,000
Gymnastics, 1920; HOr ultn.e and the Piah'iAs OF
Trees $50 The study Of and exercise in military tao
t is obligatory upon every boy and in the Folk schools
a. wcn as in the higher schools the boys have target
practice ana compete in shaIpshooting using the Rem
iggton limerlcau) rftd mlskct The Folk schoolboys
are organized into batiOns aud practice in the school
OF the soldier the company and the batah0n-unorI rms
Of hight blue cotton blouse, white rowsers, and dark
blue cloth cap, being furnished by subscription They
generally dil with light imitation muskets. Children
aho q
v,afa of arc savings bank is attached to each school
~ st0cbholG, and the pupils are encouraged TO make
sIaH deposits.
Tie method OF instruction Is mixed one but to large
extent oral with the of the blackboard aud charts
The erection of srhoohoulcs falls upon the landowners
OF the parish but not owning real estate must con
tribute labor tilecovered brick structure containing
several apartments and capable OF accommodating $50
pupils be buit for o0 and the parishes often con-
tract FOR loans for this purpose at six per cent running
twenty years. In the country the teachers reside III
apartments in the school-housc, and from TO
twelve acres Of land IL attached 10 each school for the
benefit Of the teacher the schoohOuse acquires certain
home-liLe appearance Hundreds Of schOolhouscs are
annually erected. ID 1857 40O were finished
Modern improvements, such arrangements for draw
Ing the foul air from the base of the room, and
heating with hot water or steam, generally intro
duced I'm new schoo'houscs. School libraries estab
hshcd by law there are 1900 in Sweden. Compulsory
attendance may be carried 10 the separation OF children
from parents but this has been Tcsorted 10 in but few
instances where poverty Of the parent rendered ucces
sag for the paIi 10 support The Cl1ld There grow
iuV sentiment u favor OF enforcing universal attendance
though perhaps attending 10 the separation parent
and ri a. Evcu thc distribution of soup % the poor in
Nncl is made 10 encourage attendance at school
NscHO0l oGsc accommodations insufficient, pupils
arc equally divided, aid each half attend alternately
rr,s attend the school but in large towns separate
schools are provided. Instruction IN folk schools f.
I.'rutaly gTatHt,us. Movable schools for those par
ls.'n oeIc ~ W Inc ans or population, Is feature OF the
HSc Hh school system. In 1861 there 2,lI7 fixed,
ana l,tO5 dmbsiatOr% schools.
III t.c selection y teachers special regard is paid to
thrir religious sentiments and moral character III ap-
tAe yHt q, tle pastor counts equal 10 hall the
Not ~ the practitioners, and ne is therefore really the
alp'.hiHf power. lcW hundred teachers are as
= .i i,t,'' '4N t'Jdt lVp teachers perform the du-
ties of church ccfS ard chOrster Tle minimum salary
OF tea cr> is sJO with lodging fuel aud pasture for
COW. Tor every month OF extra service he rs entitled 10
aQgaHtI,l of grain. Teachers who have attained the
age az 90 year, and served 20 years receive pension
eqal 10 ltey lIhH ~ The salary. In l7J7 there
800 maze and goo female teachers The average number
bcIe the F'lk schools there the sma Skoa' sInal
or primary sehpo) and te iIogre FOR skola ('olks
higher schools. In 1857 there Sere S24s sma Skoa
with l5l53C pupils There but 10 Of thc Folks higher
schools. There are two agricultural inst tutcs and q
agricultural schools that receive aid from the Gov
erumcut There s institute aud six schools for in.
stwcuOn in rairtaiuIug and stocking forests There
ancient and famous universities Upsdla and Lund the
former the arger aud has 100 professors tutors
TAis university had lts bc ginning in the yeGr l25Q
NORWAY.
1t is stated that for tie 400 years during which the
union between Norway and Denmark existed the cause OF
education much neglected. aud but for the law OF
compulsory confirmation in the Lutheran Church. in
preparation fOT which the young were TO be instructed
Ia the truths Of Christianity and in reading ignorance
would have been almost universal in those countries
aurng that period. This compulsory law OF cOyhrna-
uoh ald The foundation for that rendering education
compulsory passed. IN 1871, the agitation OF which
was '"guh IA l'i soon after the independence
Vi The country wa secured, and the elactIDrn.s
nave, since tat time, been rendered r,nrr
complete by the law Of IoG0. All @. ,,hn' s,i'nls
m.4-''" a Christian Character an ,r.. lions IN IUrto'
is seoa,d red cf primary Importance Common schools