The New York herald., 1871-09-11

Poiand ned with ideas OF popular freedom and nu-
movement began IN Cracow, where Kosciusko sud-
denly appeared with band or adherenis. Never
such unanlmty. i The % russians were driven ont OF
warsaw and 0tner places. But the unhappy Poles.
Notwithstanding m, were beaten; the hussians
overan the country and the third and last partition
OF the country was arranged. Of the ~, 900 miles
Russia took the lions share-43,5o0 miles advanc-
Prussia look this occasion 81, 700 miles, and Aus
trla annexed 90 600 to the Galican kingdom Ponia.
in i7ss. Kosci1sko died IN switzerland m isi7, a
cripple and mlsantnrope.
SYMPATHY FOR THs FALLEN NATION.
This cruel fate OF Poland awakened throughout
Europe widespread sympathy uut no hand was
stretched forth 70 give assistance. The people,
though totally crushed yet retained their national
spirit. fhe French revolution kept mp their hopes
OF dellverance. In 1897 when Napoleon was set
ting the terms OF the Treaty OF Tilsit, he compelled
Prussia to give up $4,000 miles which she nad ap.
prOpriated In the three partitions, and erected The
ierrtory INTO the independent duchy OF Warsaw.
In 1909 Austria Was obliged TO give up 1000 miles
which was added to the new State. At the Congress
Of vienna all the Powers agreed TO be liberal to
caused the work to be done hurt'edly. The 6uchy
OF Warsaw was declared to cease TO exist; 1850
given back TO Austria. An independent Ea-
ropean state, called the kingdom OF Poland,
Emneror t U,oMn M was cVe.rea 09 ,me
session, entirely separate from the Imperial Crown
OF RUSSIA, and, lastly, tract OF 6,O00 square miles,
with oil UOy sOul was converted into the republic or
Crac0w. This could not stand, as the aspirations or
the Poles for independence were as grear ever.
In November, 1885, four months after the French
revoiution, an instruction broke out. For seven
months battle after battle took place. and Poland
ence mere lay bleeding and crushed. me patriots
were punishcd'toy drafting some INTO the Russian
Army, thousands were driven into exile and hun
dretis transported to siberia. Acting law OF
nations winch declares that conquest cancels all
piior tenures. the Emperor Nicholas declared
Poland no LONGER an Independent state, but pro-
vince OF the iu-sian empire The republic OF Cracow
was extinguIshed IN 1915.
POLISH NATIONAL FEELING.
cuuidnot be very acceptable to the Kaiser william.
He stu retains MS Polish provinces ana the inhabl-
iants are not among the most loyal Of his subjects.
But this matter mas also been arranged 10 the sais
faction OF bismarck, and In reference to II the
Cabinets OF Vienna and Berlin are IN full accord.
The romantic patriotism OF the Poles cause them
selves to consider their country still O nation.
mecting IL 70 be held at Lemberg. the capital or
Austrian Poland. Each mcmDer Is to bring from
his province or villa &c bag Of earth 10 empty upon
hill rs IN emDlem Of the UNION OF fosh citizens.
day or mourning for the first PARTITION OF the
nation. Prussian Poles Will be in attendance, but
Russian Poles VIII not be allowed 10 JON IN the
c0mmomOratiOu. Russia fears oil ideas Of Polish
nationality. The revival OF the Polish question at
this late day, Win its threatening consequence. IS
spoliation by these Powers OF o nelghborlng king
S ssls sSa Ea II Ssio xss 'n' most
PREPARATIONS FOR WAR IN THE SOUTH.
The liberal concessions to POland have reused
public opnion In Russia against Austria. Activity
In military matters Is not confined 10 ST. Peter burg
Russia Is now engaged IN fOrtlfylng the railroad
lines ,eadlng INTO Gallcia, above all tue two CON.
expresssd is Intention to Extend the system moi Of for
tl6cAtlOn to the other lines the Austrian from.
tier and also to suitap.e points on oil navlganle
To fOrtify Prfemys, which Is termed the key Of the
passage over the river san, and Is almost the key of
also been making preparations for defence OF
tneir borders, having provided Tor the completion
OF the fortincatOns at Krakan, which Is position
carage OF being made strong defence against
Russia. ~
AUsTRrA's INTEREST IN TURKEY.
The interest OF Austria IN Turkish affairs Ia fully
as lively as tnat of France or Russia. Her policy Is
to RESTRAIN Muscovite influence on the Danube, and
when 1855 sne declined joining the allies It was
because at that time the emp re was directed by
statesmen who could perceive no dlference between
neren9 9 austria Is one OF e reest
countries on the Continent. Leading Vienna paper
says the only solution OF the Eastern question tnat
would be really advantageous to Europe u by the
construction OfralrOads connecting the cnleI cities
OF Turkey with the rest OF Europe. Austria is aware
appropriate the fairest portion OF tile Ottoman EN-.
pre-, and, consequently. establish an ascend
s~n pocy ~ Europe q Ausa sn,s part as e mnua %I
ylta importance as the establishment OF
the Kingdom Of l,cia and on on both question:, q,
Geographical Society OF Vienna last month. in
which It SET forth that as the extension OF Rus
slan power can no longer be numbered Oh the Black
Sea- the only remedy was to buid ilne OF railroad
ssra, fierey TO connect with line OF stesmshios 10
Bombay. The time between England and the capt
giving ample time and opportunity TO suppress any
hos lie or nsurrectloDary movements In the bud.
Russia might have time 1t was SAID, TO make good
her iootho.d IN Asia before the WORK could be
pleted, but the speaker-Herr Won Orges-sald-
I'm such case Austria would be powerful
Size would OBTAIN an ally in England
IN whom she could place implicit reliance" II WIN
be observed that the subject OF possible hostllitios
with the Gar ~ considered more al an Austrian
than an English question. There Is a party in Aus
Powers, the true antagonist and enemy OF The etn-
plre, and who deprecated the assistance given by
more fatal than the disease It was called Ia to erad.
cate. In 1854 the Emperor Nicholas pointed out to
the then young Emperor OF Austria the possession
easily Obtained but no faith was placed In these
promises. Russia, 1t was feared. would. IN case Of
success, have outnonked, surrounded and DESTROYED
Austria,
From the preceding 1t Is evident that the question
OF Polish nationality Will revive the Eastern ques-
tion, ana at time when the great nations are
ready to engage IN war; In Russia there Is dls.
shows itself IN hostility to the new empire OF Ger
many. There Is no disgusting the estrangement ex-
last dates the Russian Minister OF War, Mlotyn, was
personally making tour oil INSPECTION through the
Southern provinces bordering Austria, where forls
are ordered to be built IN considerable plumbers.
And II may be mentioned that q Russian fleet Is on
It's way 10 the United States, aud tlat Immediately
before the breaking out Of the Crtmean war
similar occurrence took place. The course England
Will pursue 1t would be useless to enlarge upon. She
is rarely or ever at loss to escape IRON difficulty.
II possible she Will remain neutral, but as the issue
involved brings up tile Eastern question In nearly all
ITS bearings something must lie done The ni0dfca-
ton or treaty Of Paris has already Its bad results
Russia Is making her nave2s In the Black Sea
anu Sea OF Azot important arsenals ana points OF
departure ior army routes through Central ASIA and
British India, which, with the closer connection
Russia Is now making with Turkey, Will end in
trouble to England. IL appears that railroad IL 10
be constructed through Asia 10 lndia SO as TO
svold the Black Sea, and Tins make short route cute
Tor the transport OF British troops TO the East This
IA the Oniy way she can avoid coming In CONNECT
with Russia. The question OF tho SEIZURE oil rail-
roads by the Roumanian government has almost dis
appeared from The POLITICAL Stage. Tne work was
performed by Russian capital, ana the appeal OF
Bismarck to the Turkish government on behalf OF
the shareholders has caused the petty rulers OF the
prIDcipalites to retrace their steps: Inc Emperor
or Russ a IS visiting the Caucasus, In the neRhbor-
l,Ood OF tue Black Sea, the two kaisers meet again
In few days at lscnel, and the Prince OK Wales Is
visiting his fatner-in.law and brOther.in-law. Tie
Kings or Denmark ana Greece at one OF the wafer.
ing places In Germany. Meantime preparations Tor
fnr rNa "A nm n ~