The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-17
Pope was not now viewed as the head Of reform

Pope was not now viewed as the head Of q reform
movement. but as the
HEAD OF A NATIONAL PARTY;
and the cry or "ltaian Independenceo took the
place OF the demand for reform. This new cry soon
spread beyond the boundaries OF the Papal States
and in fact animated the entire peninsula, and en-
listed the sympathles OF the higher and educated
classes who were DESTROYS OF emancipatng their
country from the degrading guardianship Of foreign
Powers
THE COUNCIL or STATE
which the Pope had promised IN circular OF the
18TH OF APRIL assembled in Rome on November 10,
IS4T, amid the paldis OF the people, the hooes OF
the undertakes the apprehensions OF the tlmid ana
the eV expectations oil the anarchists. ms Council
wnlcn consisted OF a cardinal president, preate
vice president and twenry-1our councillors elected
aiding the sovereign Pontin in the secular admins.
tration OF his dominiOn; ana the occasion OF Its
meeting was the first on which aymen and pOpu.
lar representation were admitted 10 the Papal
councis. Cardinal Antonelli was appointed The
President and Monsignor Amici the Wee President,
ana the hrst act or the body was TO pay homage 10
the Pope VINO delivered an address 10 the members
This innovation led to Pio Mono beng awarded the
approval OF the people OF several foreign nations
Among the saiutations he received was one from
meeting held III the month or November, in the
Tabernacle, IN our own cily at which many OF our
leading statesmen expressed then warmest SYM
patty ana admiration.
THE SACRED CAUSE or ITALIAN INDErENDENcE''
was, 0y the close OF lS4l. the great political hope
OF the Italians. Charles Albert, King OF sardinia.
placed himself at the head OF the movement. ana
declared that he would soon draw his sword In
It's belalI. Austria and France became alarmed.
aad Metternlch and Guizou tried their utmost 10
other band, England encouraged II, and i'alner-
SION despatched Lord Mimic to Italy as c0niiden-
ual diplomatic agent, and, though there was moth.
ing IN his Instructions 10 warrant IT, The latter was
universally regarded as the Champion Of Italian
freedom, and was received with turbulent mani
testatlons Of popular feeling. The next ipnova-
ton was the r.
AgNEsiQN Or LAYmEN INTO THE pAPAL CABINET,
which was the result or the advice of Count Rozz,
who became alarmed at tho threatening revolu-
tlonary commissions, aud considered the ecclesias-
tics Inadequate TO cope with the stormy Zines which
al
french Ambassador told the extreme liberals OF the
dangers they were mourning. and pointed ont to
Austria. But whatever the Pope did he was unable
60 satisfy the revolutionary crowd which was as
sembed In Rome. HIS vaclllations, too, were not
ipduclve to the retention oi popular approval.
RECIPIENT or NEW YEARS INSULTS.
the holy Father. In consequence or frequent eX-
hibltions Of the reversal OF pubic feeling, conse
Qucnt upon the Introduction OF some conservative
measures. led MN to forbid lefe proposed Tor the
new year, as he was ieariul OF public demonstra-
ton; and cIamor being then ralsed he revoked his
order. ana even agreed to show himself to the
people. lie aid so, ana on the very spot wnere.
eighteen months before, the multitude had idozed
him on their knees, he now met with the fouest
crowd, rough fellows mounted the steps, while one.
more audaclous than the lcst, seated himself behind
which the Ponh was seated.
THE UPRISING OF 1s4e
Towards the close OF January the Pope MADE
some further concessions and promised more.
During the following month took place the French
aad shook Europe to ia foundation. In the general
movement Rome was not likey to STAND still,
by Immediate action. Accordingly. on March 10,
the Pope caused proclamation to DC issued IN
which he promised new CO.. stntion on a liberal
bass. and gave the most decisive proofs Of his sim
certy by forming new CABINET, composed OF ten
lay ana only three ecclesiastical members. This
Ministry Immediately set about framing new con-
stitution the extension OF the National Guards, and
the organization OF part Tor active service In the
field.
The Pope was next dragged into the war which
was now being waged between Sardinia ana
Austria, being forced against his VIII to declare war
against the latter power, anu to contribute small
force to the Italian league. This was Immediately
followed, on May l, by the formation OF new Cao-
net composed entirely OF men OF the most liberal
opinlons. al the mead ofwhich were Cardinal Caccn
and Count Marchetn, wno declared their firm adne-
renee to the cause OF Italy. The war was not pro-
nacted one. soon terminating by the success OF
siria and the aDdicaton OF Charles Albert in favor
OF his son, the present KING OF Italy. Throughout
the s1inmer or lS4s
the REVOLUTIONARY PASSIONS CONTINUED VIOLENT
in Rome much Of the anlmosity that prevailed be-
M. attriDutibe to the Impotence the government.
the Cardinals found 1t necessary ay0id appear
ing III public IN order that they might escape
being grossly insulted Owing to the weakness OF
the Executive, Counb Rozzi, who was an Italian by
birth, ana VINO had ceased being rrench Ampas
sador to the Papal see, was entrusted on SepIem-
Der IA with the formation OF new Cabinet OF which
Cardinal Seglio formed one OF the members. The
new Ministry aimed AT pacific policy, and intio-
duccd sever al reforms hut they were not sufficiently
radical 70 meet the approval OF the revoutionlsts
ceeding rapidly III the career Of po-
litical progress, and Count R0zzi received
attended the opening OF the Chambers OH November
ID his life would pay forfeit, as his assassination mad
been determined on by the secret societies. The
Minister lid not heed the warning, ana on his way
from mis- carrrgc 10 the Chambers was surrounded
by persons armed with daggeis from one OF whom
he received fa1 stab on the neck, after which The
assassin escaped, but was afterwards discovered
and convicted IN May 1874. lie proved 70 De a
ror which this tragic event caused led TO perfect
paralyzaton Of the government who were power
art lff dam tulNla
That evening the clubs ana societies met and made
preparations TO take advantage of the occasion and
force
AN ENTIRELY REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
on the Pontin; ana on the following morning lew
crowd proceeded to the Quirinal, bearing nag,
on which was inscribed the names Of The ministry
they intended TO force the Pope TO accept They
Der, who closed the gates OF the palace and fired
some shots over their neads: but the crowd return
Ing with the civic guard, several thousands strong,
the palace was fired upon and a conflict ensucd,
which resulted in the death OF the popes private
secretary, who received bullet wound In ali ante
chamber and closed by the forcing of the gates
and The Pope ordering his guards to cease hiing.
The Pope said TO the dlpl0 matic body who sur
rounded him that he was
NO L0SGEK A FREE AGENT
AM t must ye 70 Nt n on peg
the refused to accede to the demand, saying That
II was against his conscience 10 sign IT, Az being
informed OF this the crowd outside became tumui-
nous AMI cried out ''Sgn. sgn,'' tll M last the
Pope was compelled TO comply. Tnat night the city
claimed, zine Sovereign has given US a republic"
The Pontfr now virtually became
A PRISONER IN HIS own PALACE
ard took no part in publc affairs. though the gov
eminent was carried on III his name 7 his position
was Insupportabe and lie The; eIOre determined TO
seek refuge flight, and 50. Oh the 24h IN TIC dis
guise or servant, he mounted the box
OF the Bavaran MINISTER'S carriage and, Undecided,
succeeded III reaching Gaeta, III the Ncapoll-
tan territory. Immediately afterwards the
cardinals considered 1t advisable 10 follow his exam
pie. Directly IL was known that the fope had
escaped the Ministry sent deputati0n rel ueSti3g
his return; but they were not permitted to pass the
frontier. The POntfr declared that the Ministry was
illegal and all It's acts void, whereupon both Cham
beers Professionally deprived HIM OF temporal power,
and decrced the election OF q provisional Supreme
Junta" Tor the purpose OF carrying on tue govern
ment, Its functions ITO terminate upon the return
OF the Sovereign Pontlf or when he shall himself
appoint according to constitutional forms, substl
TUE OF MS own selectlon.o After this an act was
passed convoking "a Constituent Assembly for the
Roman states, and then, on DECEMBER -, the CHAM
beers were dissolved, and that evening the discharge
from thc On stle OF 81 An -alA annAnunnl