davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11
MI IL RED.

At the residence of the brides father. on Tues
day evening, December 9TH by Elder Jos. l..
burlington, Miss ANNIE &. Gkl MES. Of Al
exandrla Va. to Mr.. GEO. VI. PiEHSoN, Of
Prince William county, Va.
At St James Episcopal Church, l.""shurg.
Va. on the OH instant by Rev. Il +. DAVIS,
Mr. THOMAS JULIAN uELANI {" Mis-.
EVELYN Byrd, second daughter OF the late
DR.. George Lee.
On the 5th instant near auckland. Prince
William county, by Key. John +. i"ult"n, Mr.
RICHARDS. ALLISON and Miss ' lRGlN IA
h. FLETCHER.
On Thursday, the .th instant at the residence
of the brides father, by Key. John Hn!,broush,
Mr.. GEORGE EGGBDRN NELSON, IF Bal
tinore formerly Of Culprpcr {. H.. to Miss
ELEANOR, daughter of Col. y. &. Tntlaterr",
of Culpcprr county.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Rev. John F. ". Ware preached a sermon
last night, at Ford's Opera House, in Batl-
more, to very large and respectable audience,
on ''Swindlcrs and Swindling.' In the cour e
of his address he said :-"Our whole political
system has degenerated into swiude They
say men must get de6led if any touch it.
Frauds everywhere, from primary elections all
the way through. We talk about the ballot,
the trial by jury, the safeguards Of the people,
and we tickle ourselves with our fancied libcr-
ties. Why, dear friends nothing is free. We
have been swinded out of our liberties.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11
ALEXANDRIA,, Y A.
MONDAY, DECEMBER IL.

:. Mr. Sumner, it is stated, in the Washington
CORRESPONDENCE of the Baltimore Sun says that
if the Recommendation of the President be car
ried out for reducing the number of articles
from which reve4ae is to be collected to three
or four, he sees no use in continuing the vast,
complicated and costly machinery Of the Re-
Venue B u7ean with its retfnYS of oficehoders.
He thinks it is time that we slan!d be relieved
from the efforts of these gentlemen to control
local politics and manipulate conventions in the
interest of their political patrons. Hence, the
bill he is to propose, to abolish the internal re-
venue bureau, which provides that after TIE
lst day of June next all taxes, except those up
on distilled spirits, fermented liquors, and to-
bacco in its various forms, shall be abolished,
and these taxes shall thenceforth be collected
by stamps the stamp-tax on distilled spirits to
be IS cts. per gallon. The revenue bureau the
bill permits to continue until the lst of Sep
tember to give time to wind up its affairs. AT
ter that time the business of selling stamps and
of detecting frauds upon the revenue is to be
in charge of the Secretary of the Treasury
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Senator Trumbull it is expected will intro
duce in the Senate, a resolution proposing to
raise joint committee of the two houses, with
power to investigate all public Offices to see
what can be abolished, what expenditures re-
duced, what steps can be taken to prevent the
use Of federal patronage for political purposes,
and, in word, to inaugurate reform in every
branch of the service. We hope some good
may come out of this.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

4 P.S. to business letter from neigh
boring county, ays:-'Whether it is because
people are occupied with their farming affairs,
or from other causes, cannot say, but it is
quite certain that, with US, politics aud move
meuts about presidential candidates are not
talked about much. The politicians in Wash
ington appear to be much more concerned than
the people are; just at this time, at least.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Col. Davis reports to the Secretary OF the
Interior, that the Apache Indians are treach-
erous set, and that most of the barbarilies cred
tied to them are probably correct. He regards
Cochise, their leader, as terror and curse to
people of Arizona and New Mexico, but has
persuaded the <anguirary Chief to settle upon
the reservation on 'TuberoSa river place Sc
lected by Vincent Collyer. Affairs; however,
seem to be in an unsettled condition.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Mr.. Sumner urges his supplemental ''civi
rights bill, making compulsory equal privileges
and accommodations for people Of color in no,
tells, public conveyances, churches, theatres,
&C., and wants Congress to pass it as IA Christ
mas gift to the colored people The Balt.
more Sun asks quietly. "Why should Con
gress be making christmas gifts to the color
ed people of the country" AMI non" to the
white people Sure enough.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

The Lyuchburg Republican objects to the
reference in Gov. Walkers Message to the
non-payment of taxes ION the part of all the
most important railroads in the state. The
Richmond Wing says''thc Orange & Alexau-
dria and the Atlantic, Mississippi & Ohio COM
panes now pay" and the Republican adds, that
the latter, if not both Of these companies, has
paid into the Treasury the amount due at least
tor the year 1870.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Congress, at its last session, passed bill for
the better protection of life on vessels propelled
by steam. The bill was prepared at the Treasury
Department., but, it is now said, it is not accept
able to steamboat men on the sea coast or on
the rivers, who claim that while it entails great
expense it does not really add to the security OF
passengers This statement is endorsed BY the
supervising inspectors, and an effort is to be
made to have the law repealed
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11
U1EfI.

SYBIL BLINCUE. in the i.'th year pf her age
daughter OF Geo. ". and Thcodosi;' Biincoc.
November Both, at his late residence, in Lee
Tow nship, Fairfax county. DR.. HULLlSTER.
November Both, at his late residence, near
Gum Spring, Loudoun county, JAMES NJ.
HOLTZCLAW, in the I'D year of his age.
At Bryan, BrazoS county, Texas, on the 4th
instant, in the 18th year of his age, SEVERE ;.
HOKNER, A native Of WarrentOn after pro-
tracted illness.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11
PORT ar .sAEx.5.yWR3s, DECH. fl.

sun RIOS E............ 1.UJ IoON RS r.. hZ"
sun SETS...... Us
ARRIVED.
Steamer Lady Of the Lake" Grey, Norfolk, I"
VI Eldridgc y Go.
steamer Columbia Harper, Baltimore, to b
Wheat.
Steamer WawaS"t, Fuwlkcs, Currioman, Ia
Potomac, Ferry Co.
Schr K g Strnard Hubbard, Norfolk. lumber
to j III ID Smno:
Russian bark Helios, Matilda, Qneenstown
grain by b Ii Lambert.
Sch. + Mcrwain, Pcarcc, New Haven, by
American Coal Co.
Schr Pearl, Baltimore hoop-pol"s, by W
SmOrt
MEMORANDA.
Schr Mary j Fisher, Lawrence, for Puwturk-
ct hence, at Providence eth.
Schr Alex Young. Young. for Providence
hence, at New York Sth.
Schr Joseph Baxter, Baxter, for this port.
cleared ut Boston Sth.
Schr Matte + Tabcr, Tabcr, hence for New
Haven passed through He'll Gate sth
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

1t is said that Attorney General Akerman
has not as yet signifcd his intention of leaving
the Cabinet, nor has the President said any
thing to Mr. A. upon the subject. Members
of Congress- however, express themselves in
favor of a change, and are endeavoripg to hast
en- the same. This is mere report.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

The bill introduced by Senator Edmonds,
provides that all appointments of civil officers
except Postmasters and such officers as are by
law required to be appointed by the President,
shall be made from those persons who shall
have been found best qualified for the perform
ance of the duties of the offices to which such
appointments are to be made in an open and
competitive examination. Best qualified. "
That is the word. That is the best way to ef-
feet Civil Reform
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

The Grand Lodge of Masons of Virginia meets
in this city on Mondy night. Col r: D. With
ers will doubtless be elected Grand Master.
\ few casesof smallpox. Of a mild type. how
ever, are reported in the city. which has Great
ed some excitement.
Bishop McGlll continues very i'll and it is
Thought that his condition is not improving.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Carroll county Va, has paid all the taxes
for the current year, except about $500, tax
upon lands belonging to non-residents. The
county Treasurer of Allegheny, Va, has COL
lected and paid up in full the entire tax fthat
county for the years 1870 and 1871.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Its said that the c. & 0. II. r. company,
in the progress of their work, WILL when coal
seam of proper value is opened adjacent to the
road, lay track to the mine.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Mr. Reverdy Johnson's argument on the
motion to quash the indictment in the ku-
Klux cases, now under trial at Columbia, SC,
is said to have been very mastery and one Of
the ablest he ever made. 1t was acknowledged
to be so, on all hands.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

~ 2 ~ r,u,t ,no.tir,r nf tho ,rcSi
aont ora S;root,r. ~ tL,, q (. n c,v,} w,,
I'oii .. Ea H. ri'''u,J.,. l,s. 49, ,rb;ah
10 ,raa;dont ,,l,r,;,,od - ronort Show;na thn
L,,lao' ~ ti,o an,',,,, t,r ,b nast o;aLteon
nnthS ~, 70 tr't th , Tr ~ ~ P"r The 20.
,,n,t ,'' 'p ntaJ .,l ,"J,rJ 70 In ,rcsoutr1
~ ,ba s,o.Lhnl1jars - mnc,;,~ to H.. cid at
Hnnannl;S 49,, ,Ln Irrh Instant Th, rcnort ot'
,I,a nrnsidnnt shows tL,t after annropriatDe
tho rnn, ~ 81 nm ,or thr rnavnrut of past
I',o o,',rnrs IN rho Ist a.. January, 1872 there
Iii 10 :. h,Jnc. l.tt in the treasury Of SS5 DOO
W.T. rI ~ ',t ~ ,ha nnnin.,.r shnws the canal
- Ia -; :, ,I !r'.lI,rt cnnliI;nn His rrcommeuda
,;,, tL,t .n nvronditure of sI5 ODD for the
'.o,' l',n' "a" ~. H., Godnr tn sunnIv thc
Cnn',rt(,,, In,.oI WINS mn horiyed hv thr hoard
'rLo enr;,,or frr,bnr .racnmmnnds nm eynendi-
,,ro ~ ia n,n Err rho ,,urno.e ,f uniting the
c,n,l !, c,n,,,o,n rn,,,ir FIR tI,e snrine trade:
winch was also authorized hy The board
WIN le>e eSp%nu.. .I NC s''I'' onIsj;
t;nr ' tban T. ba. ernr han, harnra
PARIS Ayp Her Fashions. Paris has
learned nothing. forgotten nothing. and she
sends out to dav STYLES Of attire as shameless in
their imulmleSty. vanity. prodgality AMI def
ance of true feminine grace, a. anything which
scandallzed the last years of the empire. IN"
;'VenseS herSelt win h"o'i 81 fashions "''ch
Is caiciliateH 10 rum al ""'e;i'te revenues ~
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

At Savannah on Tuesday last, bitter cold
weather was encountered, and ice formed in
the vicinity Of the city to the thickness of an
inch-a result altogether unusual. The cold
weather of last week has extended all over the
country
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

REMARKS.-Thc market for What opens
tive at last weeks quotations.; offerings of 100
bushels prime white, with sales at 100, and Gj3
of red, with sllcs at 40, 10. 10 and 100 for fair
to prime, and lGj and lG7 for choice Corn is in
fair receipt with a decline in prices offerings Of
$50 bushels white, with sales II. is for new, and
1852 of mixed with sales ut 81, Is, 81, g. and IS
for new, and 200 of yellow at 10 for new; for
lot of old mixed - WAS asked but no sales w"r"
effected. Small sales of Rye at 40. Oats are
quiet and stcady; offerings Of III bushels, with
sales at 81.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Gen Cluseret who has been prominent in
the late troubles in France, is expected to ar
rive in this country this month. He has not ac-
certed 4 commission in the Mexican army
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

The Catholic Missionaries who lately left
England to establish missions among the col
ored people in Maryland and the Southern
States, have arrived in Baltimore, and will soon
commence their labors
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

Victoria Woodruff has placed bill in the
hands of Gen Butler and Senator Anthony, to
be introduced in Congress, in regard to woman
sufragc.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

The Grand Duke, wherever he goes, express
cs his pleasure and satisfaction at every thing
he sces-railroads, factories, machinery, con-
certs, &C., &c. This is courteous and polite
and the newspapers gravely record his kind
words at each city and town he visits. 1t puts
us in mind Of the reported saying of Gen La
Fayette, when he was in this country-a joke,
probably. v, lieu !, gentleman was introduced
to him, he would say Are you amarried man.
If the response wasin the affirmative he would
Immediately add, y then you one happy man;
the next one presented would be asked the
same question, and if the answer was in the
negative, he would say, with the same pleas
ant smile and bland countenance, then you
one happy mani Every body, with the old
patriot, was ';happy" married or single J.!
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

dclphia.
LINES VERSUS LUcRE--In the recent re-
port of the surgeon general of the I. 5. army
there occurs rather curious and somewhat in
structive ''itcm' This refers to the supply of
artificial limbs to mutilated soldiers. 1t ap-
pears that there were 1887 such soldiers who
had received artificial limbs from the govern
ment up to the first of July, 1870, but that af-
ter that time Congress had dccreed that appi-
cants might either receive the limbs or COM
mutation in money; the singular fact here
comes in that from this period the commute
tionists have greatly outnumbered the limb
receivers.
Thus against l04 who received arms we
have placed LOCI who took the money; legs,
LII; commuters, 3, ia. Only live tootless
men took feet, and fitty-one preferred the cash.
There may be several more or less plausible ex-
plantations Of this phenomenon. some OF which
would not, perhaps, be especially creditabIe to
the aforesaid 'iuvalides, but the probability
is that the Limbs furnished by contract to
the government did not suit the would-be re-
cipients, and that they found they could get
a 'better fit" ''to order than by the ready
made system. -PAihdephia Record.
FAUoUIER COUNTY From the Warrenton
Iudex. The sessions of the November term
of the county Court lasted until Friday. The
grand jury found no bills of Indictment, Thirty
seven deeds were admitted to record and eight
administrations granted In the case of Stew
art & Co., against Jones's administrator, Judge
Smith decided that the military order of Gen
Stoneman of date OF Dec. 22d. 1868, extend
ing the stay of executions under laws then ex-
listing. arrested the statute of limitations du-
ring the continuance Of said order The effect
of this decision is to date the running Of the
statute of Limitations as to debts contracted be-
fore the war, from the lst day of January, 1870.
A little son of James Hinson about II years
old, left home Wednesday morning on rab-
bit hunt and was not found until Friday morn
ing. When found he was sitting beneath
tree stiff and cold in death.
Mr.. r. G. Newly, Inspector for the Corpor-
alton of Warrcnton, inspected during the past
month of November, 81 barrels of Super6ue,
40 barrels of Extra, and 10 barrels, of Family
Aour-making an aggregate of Isl barrels
Commissioners Scott and Garden sold on last
Saturday 100 acres of land near Bealton under
a decree in case of Beale vs.. kreglow to s. F.
D. Bcale for $3.50 per acre.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

We have various and contradictory accounts
of the political manoeuvering in Washington
about the Presidentship. One is that a CEN
ference of leading democrats in Congress was
actually held there two Or three evenings since,
with several aftiGrant republicans, who arc
at work organizing an opposition party, to coal
csce with the democracy to prevent Grant, re-
election. All that resulted at the meeting was
Il universal acquic<cencc i'll resolution dcclar.
ing in favor OF the one term principle for the
Presidency. Areport published in the n. Y.
Herald about movement in favor Of impcach-
ing Gen. Grant is utterly destitute Of truth
MIR. Geo. Wilkes of \. T., declares that PreSl-
dent Grant told him, two days before his first
nomination at Chicago, that he (Gran'l was in
favor of the one-tcrm principle
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

The small pox is abating somewhat in Phlla
dclphia.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1871-12-11

FARO. The Richmond correspondent of the
Petersburg Index writes THE wluter season
of that class Of cur community that delight in
the pleasurabe excitement Of ''bucklng against
the tiger was opened last night with mag
niicent champagne supper at Main street
house of high repute. A number OF the menu
bers of the Legislature were invited and gave
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1871-07-01
Built Him a Fire.

Ferrin, the landlord of the Westminster ho-
Tel in New York, Is not often nonpluscd, but
last August a dapper little Frcnchman stag
gered him for a moment. Walking up to tho
Office he accosted Ferrin with:
"If you please, Monsieur, you shall send bil
de fire in my room"
"a what !" said Ferrin, looking at the Their
mometer, which indicated nnety-two degrees
:" wish 2e bill de fire in my apattmont,"
replied the Frenchman.
"All right, sir" said Ferrin with that out
ward mpurturbability with which the true
hotel keeper receives an order for anything, II
it be gold dust pudding with diamond pumbe.
John build fire in ten thousand and one"
"Yes, sur-r-r !" said John, and by the time
the Frenchman had arrived at his room, John,
with perspiration pouring from of him, had
the crate filed and blaze roaring up tho
chimney like mad.
Nat &c diable you do9' said the astonshed
Frenchman.
"Built fire, sir, as you ordered replied
the othet exile.
"Fire be TAM" said tho Frenchman. "I
shall roast myself wiz &c heat, and rushing
down stairs he appeared at the Office with in
famed face and noistened shirt collar, excam-
ing, al ask you not for &c fire; what, thing !
wish to make myself more hot, ell can eat
myself wiz my dinare."
"Bill of fare? All, yes sir, said Ferrin.A
beg your pardon !" and he politely passed
out the programme for the day, but deputed
one of the garcous Of the restaurant to answer
any further orders from the subject Of Napos
| leon
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1871-07-01
Remarkable Surgical Operation.

. The Louisville Ledger publishes an account
of a somewhat novel and rem arkable surgical
operation recently performed upon one Mureh-
ison, by physician of LeavenwoTih, Indiana
viz: the engrafting of piece OF a rat shin on
the hip of said Murchison, who had lost a
large piece of his own skin by accident The
result is thus given
A rat about two-thirds grown was caught,
killed and quickly skinned, after which the
doctor cut piece of the required size, trimmed
it to suit the exposed surface, c!apped it on and
fastened it With strips Of adhesive plaster, af-
ter which the whole surface was covered with
a coating Of colodion. The experiment sue
ceeded beyond his most sanguine expectations.
The graft took by first intention and in ten
days the cure was complete.
The surface OF the wound is covered with a
fine growth of hair, and the rat skin seems to
answer every purpose. The only inconven-
ience to which Mr.. Murchison is subjected is
on account of the cats. On several occasions,
when sitting down reading, he has been put to
no little alarm and some inconvenience by hav-
ing the house cat spring suddenly on him and
fasten her teenth in that portion of his panta-
looms which Immediately covers the transplant
ed rat skin. The terriers alsosnuff suspicious
ly at his heels when he walks the streets.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1871-07-01
POETRY.
DR.. Addison Alexander's Mondsyliable
Poem.


The following curious illustration of the
power of short words in the English language
has long been out of print
Think not that strength lies in the big round word,
Or that the brief and plain must needs be weak.
To whom can this be true who once has heard
The crv for help, the tongue that all men speak,
When want, or woe, or fear is in the throat,
So that each word gasped out is like shrek 4,
Pressed from the sore heart, or a strange Wild
note
Sung by some fay or fend There Is strength
Which dies if stretched too far or spun too hne,
Which has more height than breadth, more
depth than length
Let but this force Of thought and speech be mine,
And he that will may take the sleek, fat phrase,
Which glows and burns not, though 1t CLEAN ana
shine
Light, but not heat-a fash without blaze.
Nor is it mere strength that the short word boasts
1t serves of more than fight or storm to tell
The roar ofwaves that clash on rock bound coasts,
The crash of tall trees when the wild winds
SWELL
The roar of guns, the groans of men that die
On blood-staincd fields. Ii has voice as well
For them that far off on their sick beds lie,
For them that weep, for them that mourn the
dead,
For them that laugh, and dance and clap the hand
To joys quick step, as we'll as griefs low tread
The sweet plain words we learnt at hrst keep time,
And though the theme be sad or gay, or grand,
With each, with all, these may be made to chime
In thought, or speech, or song or prose, or
rhYme.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1871-07-01
A Plain Proposition.

Il is natural for a man to indulge an appe-
tile that affords him PLEASURE. So frequently
in many cases has this been done, that what
at first was innocent, by constant indulgence
becomes vice. 1t has teen so with Patrick O
Reardon, and he now puts in an appearance
before Justice on the charge of habitual
drunkenness.
"You will persist in drinking Pat" said the
ma agistrate.
"Faitb, you may well say that; Ia get
thirsty if didn't"
"Tben you don't drink when you are thirs-
IL. but only in fear that you may become 20 z
Eyes, sir"
"And you think whiskcy is better than wa
ter2"
ans stronger, sir"
"But do you think it's as good p
40 yes, sir, because you can mir hen, and
the whisky kills The impurities IN thc rdter. :"
"But what kills the impurities in the whis-
ky2' asked the Justice.
"Nothing, at all-a does aHhe KILN hsc!f'
he replied triumphantly and looked very much
as if he had established proposition that adj
mitted Of no denial.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1871-07-01
The Guilty the First to Accuse.

1t may he observed, perhaps without ezccpi
tion, that none are so industrious to detect
wickedness, or SO ready TO impu;e it, as they
whose crimes are apparent and confessed
They envy an unb,emished reputation, and
what they envy they are busy to destroy;
they are unwilling to suppose themselves
meaner, or more corrupt than others; and
therefore willingly pull down from their cleva-
ton those with whom they cannot rise TO an
equality. No man was ever yet wicked with-
out sectet discomfort; and, according 70 tho
different degrees Of remaining virtue, or e2tin-
guished, he either endosvors 10 reform himself,
or corrupt others either 10 regain the station
which he has quilted, or prevail on others to
initiate bis detection
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1871-07-01

Happiness is unborn. 1t is not an outward
trail. 1t is generated in the soul. 1t is never
bought or sold as an article Of commerce.
You may fill your houses with all manner Of
beautiful and curious things, but you cannot
lay in a stock of happiness in the same way.
If you are happy, your happiness IS that
which you are able to make by the use Of the
mind itself. a fundamental condition Of hap
piness in this world is activity, and that kind
of activity which carries with it all the facul-
ties.