The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1871-05-24
Ghe94tdligs1oer.
The Arts and Sciences.
NArrnAL AND ARrIEIrrAllI ICE.

NATURAL AND GRTIFICrAli ICE,
The well known French company,
M,ageriss hap9idits, wishing to ascer-
tain what kind of ice would be prCIeFa-
Bile, all things considered, for their vessels
navigating the Suez Canal, caused careful
experiments to be made under identical
circamstanessf9f weight temperStnrS
etc, with several varielies, and obtained
the following results: Time required to
melt 200 pounds of natural ice from Swift
lcrhnd, l01 hours; the same from Nor
way, 10 hours; the same from Massachu-
sets, l3S hours. To melt this quantity
nj artificial ice il required 1870 hours Tor
TINT produced by the Care machine, and
IN hours for thatrmaIle by the Teller
proccss-a remarkable difference in favor
Of the machine made article.
NJ Cares apparatus is simply an air
pump, under the receiver Of Which the
vessel Of water to he frozen Is placed.
The action Of the pumpnCcGssaril causes
the rapid evaporation OF tho water, and
consequent reduction Of temperature, To
remove the atmosphere Of aqueous vapOr
resulting from the exhaustion of the mir,
il is made ia. pass over the surface of
some strong sHlphtriC acid, kept IN agita-
lion by n peculiar C0ntrivanCC, so that u
large surface Is presented to the vapOr.
By this means, rapid absorption of the
apor takes place, and consequently rapid
evaporation and reduction Of tempera-
mrC. While in the Care machine the
condensation OF the ammonia Is effected
entirely by mechanical compression, in
the Teller machine the strong affinity of
ammonia for water Is used in the COllCC-
ton Of the gas, the latter being separated
from the water again by dislillaion.
RENDERING WEARING FABRICS INCOM.
BUsTIBI.E.
some simDlG and inexpensive methods
have lately GOMEZ into Use among foreign
manufacturers of musllns, cotton cloth
and other woven tissues, for rendering
those fabrics comparatively incombustlble
and thus insuring personal safety to n de-
gree not ordinarily enjoyed. Ono Of these
methods, discovered bya French chemist,
consists in mixing with the starch used In
making up the fabrics half of its weight
Of carbonate OF lime, commonly called
Spanish chalk or Spanish white. The
muslin or other stuff is then irOned rs
usual, the chalk thus added in no respect
nuring either the appearance, the quail.
ly, or the whlteness Of the goods. An.
other process, that Of NJ LauVageon, con.
sists in exposing cotton cloth for a certain
time to the vapOr of burning sulphur, by
which exposure 1t assumes such an amount
Of incombustibility that, although 1t will
char ind become brittle when held over
the flame of spirit lamp, 1t cannot be
made to take fire, while, of course, under
like conditions, but ,unpreparel In this
way, the cloth would have innamed at
once, TO render such fabrics impermG.
able to water, NJ, Newman makes II sui.
phuriC acid bath, through which the cot.
tons or linens arc rapidly passed, being
lett in contact with the acid only from 10
seconds to two minutes, according to the
nature of the, tissue, which is immediate.
" after passed through very cold water,
and next submitted to thorough washing
process. The effect Of the action of the
acid is the formation of II varnish like
matter, which, especially after It hds been
regularly spread oVtrthe fabrics nnd in.
corpOraicd Herewith by hot.prcssing and
calcndcrng, greatly increases the strength
Of the fabric, and renders it waterproof
rHoTOGRApHTNG THE PLANETS.
NJ. Sccchi, OF Rome, in phOtographing
the various heavenly bodies, states that
he took photograph OIL TIP m0Pl, eight
inches in diameter, in the seventh day Of
her age, also photograph Of Jupiter,
which showed his belts distinctly, and
also traces OF some d his satellites But
the point OF fact most notable in tue latter
operation was, that 1t took twice rs long
time rs the moon the day after the full, 50
that tho force rlght-aCtinic rays only
in Jupiter Is greater than that Of the
moon, seeing that their distances from the
sun arc a. five TO ten. Ills photograph OF
Saturn, though onlyithe twcpty.tllllll Of
an inch In diameter, not only Showed the
black spaces between the planet md the
ring, but the shadow u tie planet on the
ring. hItboreto bC ninSniilcd 10 diane.
ter OF one and u half or two inches, and
established the two remarkable laCts, that
the planet was more sOmbrO than the
ring, and that the actinic light Of tho
planet was stronger in proportion thnn
That Of the moon. This Is thought to
prove that Saturn has arcllecting atmOs.
plGrG.
SUBSTITUTE ron CifLoROFOlIM.
Nitrous oxide gas is now warmly Advo.
Gated rs q substitute for chlorof0rm and
other anirstheics. disadvantages claim.
ed for it are, the rOpidity Of its action in
producing inscnsibilty, the time required
for this being from sixty.three to thirty.
one seconds; the rapidity with which pa.
tients recover from lis effects; lis iAstelcSs.
ness and freedom from irritation to the
air passages,-cougling Or struggling for
free respiration, rarely attending lis use;
the comparatively few instances in which
it has been known to produce natlscn; and
the absence, rs u general rule, Of all lin.
pleasant effects after the recovery Of com.
plcte consciousness. The disadvantages,
however, of this gas, are by no means in.
considerable. Prominent among these IS
liz unsuitableness for long operations,
n,yinr IN thn' sLnrit,psa nj ia hhhsihntiC