The New York herald., 1871-02-03
Maintenance Of a Russian Fleet in ths Black
Sea q Menace 10 Turkey.
THE FIRM ATTITUDE OF RUSSIA.
The Proposals OF the Allies Refused by the
Cars Government.
NATURALIZATION OF THE BLACK SEA.

ONCE ana Immediately adjourned iii the oih inst,
when II is hoped French representative may be
able 10 attend. There are too many signs that In
this question OF the Black sea clause this process Of
priming has been largely aud carefully carried out.
1t is all the more important. therefore, that some one
should explain what are the questions at issue. their
origin and true value. full and interesting ac-
treaty now under consideration VIII be found In the
new number OF the Edinbug ReUtstr. For our
readers benefit We note SOME OF the principal fea-
'''' REVISION OF THE TREATY OF 1s4l.
On the 2Sd Of July, 1854, NJ. Drouyn de Lhuys
wrote to the French Minster at Vienna pointing
ont that the facilities which Russia possessed for
developing maritime power IN the Black Sea were
! four points for which the allies were contending.
The third OF these was that 'he treaty OF the 18th
Of July, ls4l tknown as the Treaty OF the slratsl
the Interest of the European balance OF power and
with view TO limitation Of the Russian power In
the Black sea-" The allies held TO their four points
ihro ghout the war, end above ALL to this third
point, TO which, on the other hand Russia was
Austria. when consulted, declared that without the
third point she would not negotiate, and Prussia
also accepted IT. II was thus Incorporated IN the
Memorandum OF the 2oth OF December 1854, which
was the basis OF the Vienna Conference
The revision Of the treat. Of July 49, ISL must have for It's
end 70 The q n the Black Sea-
directly the events OF the for to be possible
sent % determine the basis is sufficient to point out the
principle
THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIA.
In the conference Russia declined to make any
proposal on the subject Austria recommended o
system OF naval equipose-that is, that the two
rveraip Powers Russia and Turkey. should bind
themselves by treaty to maintain In the Black Sea
certain number OF ships and no more. France also
thought there should be limitation OF naval forces
there. Lord John Russell, supporting this PROPOSE
lional that the principle OF closing the Dardanelles
had been adopted by the public law OF Europe that
OF the Two Powers which alone command the shores
OF the Black Sea the one, already very strong con-
tinually augments its forces, while the other is
weakened by her contest with Russia. In this state
OF things England regards the excessive increase OF
the Russian neet In the Black Sea as a perpetual
nope. TO admit that the Ottoman empire is an
essential element of the European equilibrium and
to wish to maintain at the same time aperpetaal
menace directed against that empire Is Migrant
Inconsistency"
WHAT RUSSIA PROPOSED.
While Russia rejected the principle of a limitation
OF naval forces as Incompatible with her dignity,
Prince Gortchakof submitted document rebuttng
the charge against Russia OF abusing her preponde-
rance in the Black Sea, and proposing TO open the
Dardanees and Black Sea to the ags OF all nations
on condition that Russian ships should have the
rght-wth the consent OF the Porte-to pass out as
freely as the Others entered. This was negatiyed
absolutely by Turkey, England and France as totally
negotiations were broken Oh. Although Lord Rus
sell, with NJ. Drouyn de Lhuys, leaned toward the
Turkish 1eets in the Black sea. the British govern.
ment insisted that the limitation should be absO
lute. Ina circular to the Queens representatives
marks, which have not yet lost their appropriate
ness or fOrce:-
ENGLISH CIRCULAR.
Russia has asserted that regard dignity precudes
sr her from sccsas @ h 70 hr BY the as the
keep peace aud on The s'fn Immediate ss
s s s
shortest notice subver the Independence neghbor
such is The position which Russia has mantsnsa in the
Ras Sea- ana which she has even now publicly avowed
It's needless dwell any motive of self.
Russia would be mockery to pretend that has
sts an
'f
@ the oher e nr ara
in the Black Sea demonstrates that between
open ali the sntsns allies, England
in the Euxne strong enough sweep from
the waters OF that ship bearing the flag of Russia
she Wishes for Ss
but Il o on &c tns re Of
Powers but from the traditional and 1t s no. too much to
danger aIprehsnd the present has been
81 % the sna I sq
Of Europe and in short quote the words
s s5sey Of
% Western IN aha oy WITH h.v.
considered that this object would ereclualy be
a However, Sas %
she has offered sshemeS Of modacaon Of treaty.
ls4 the practical effect Of which would be- that whichever
Powers would S be obgec 70 keep up perpsuay IN the VI
IN any Which For no as
one scheme Russia that the Straits between the
open to the Of all nations and therefore, of
The effect ito of this scheme would have been that consan
nope would at all times have been to all the dangers
that city Of an overwhelming Russian armament; while
ahd i OF nG and all the great
action OF powerful Russian eet salyng forth any
guard against double danger governments of
an IN e avs n me
peace and permanently to station their armameus at
peace concluded such conditions would have been
e % an m na ce OF The security
cessation of expenditure which ought to follow the ern
on THE FALL or sEBAsroPoI
and the conclusion OF treaty with sweden, by
which the allies would have been able to carry the
war INTO Finland, Austria renewed the oIfer Of her
good offices, and the four points were again pre-.
sented in a more detailed form. The third point
now took the shape OF an agreement that the Black
Sea should be neuralized that IT'S waters should be
open to the merchant marine OF ali nations. but not
TO any ships OF war; That there should be no military
arsenals on its banKs and that Russia and Turkey
should mutually engage TO MAINTAIN In the Black sea
only specified NUMBER of light vessels for the service
OF the coasts BEFORE this was submitted 10 Russia 1t
had been warmly discussed by the Western Powers
A proposal by France to lower The terms provoked an
indignant remonstrance from England, Lord Pal.
merston declaring that sooner than accept made.
quate terms, England and Turkey weuld carry ON
the war alone. England insisted that The engage
general treaty with the Powers, and must not he
modified without their assent. These views carried
the day. and the 5th OF January, 1856 Count
Nesselrode accepting the bases OF negotiation thus
referred to the third poInt:-
is ut bottom only reproduction of the proposal
emanang the imperial Cabinet ha Russia herseif
which your Excelency charged communicate the
Austrian government We accept H. and thereby
that convention TO be made Russia the Porte
for this purpose should be previously subed the sane
of the contracting Powers We two amend
PROPOSE Of which Is solely intended to make
the clear and avoid all misconstrnc,ion the
10 "a
suppression OF the slave trade tie Black
THE CONGRESS- OF PARIS.
These prelninaries beng settled the Congress or
Paris opened on the 25th OF Febeuary ana onIhe 4h
OF March the third point came up for consideration
IL was agreed that tile Black Sea should be neutral
zed and That Its waters and ports, while thrown
open TO the mercantile marine OF every nation,
should be formally ana IN perpetuity lnterdicted TO
the dag OF war; either or the Powers possessing its
coasts or OF any other Power with the exceptions
stipulated i'll the present treaty. The paragraph