davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

Made ~ Poor Rum, Whisky, Proof spirits,
aud Refuse Liquors Gueturcd, spced and sweet
Cncd In please the taste, called "ToniCs" AppctE-
crs," Restorcrs," &c, that lead the tipplcr
drunkenness and ruin but arc true Medicine made
from tho Native Roots and Herbs California free.
from all Alcoholic Stimulant~. They are thu
GREAT BLOOD PURIFIER and 4 LIFE
GIVING PRINCIPLE, aperfcct Hcnuvator and
lnvgurator of the system, carrying Oh all poisonous
matter and restoring the blood tn u healthy cnndl-
ton. No person take these Bittcrs accounting t.
direction and remain long unwell, provided the bone
are not destroyed by mineral poison other means
and tho vital organs wasted beyond the point uf
repair
For Inlammatory aud Chronic RhcnmH-
tism and Cont, Dyspepsia, or Indigestion,
Bilious. Rcmittcnt aud Intermittent Fc-
ycrs, Diseases orthc Blood. Liver, Kidneys
aud Bladder. these Bittcr- have been most
ccssful. such Diseases are caused by vitintcd
Blood. which s generally produced by dcranrcmcnI
of the Digestive Organs.
DYSPEPSIA OR INDIGESTION, Head
ache Palnin tho shoulders Coughs, Tightness Ut the
Chest, Dizziness, Sour Fluctuations of the stomach
BAD taste in the Mouth, Bilious Attacks. Palpitation
Of the Heart, Inflammation of the Lungs Pain In the
regions Of the Kidneys, and hundred other Painful
symptoms, the ufTspra' ~ Dyspepsia.
They invigorate tho stomach and stimulate the tor
id liver and bowels which render them OF unequal.
d efficacy In cleansing the blood Of all purties AMI
imparing new life and vigor to the whole system.
FOR SKIN DISEASES, Eruptiuns, letter Sal;
Hheum, Blotches, Spots, Pimples, Pustules, Dolls
Curbunclcs, Rinr-worms. scad Head. Sore Eyes
Erysipclas Itch, Scurfs Dscolorations Of the skin
Humors and Diseases OF the skin, OF whatever name
nature literally dug up and carried out Of the
system in u short time by the use of these Bitters
One Bottle in such cases will convince the most in
creduous OF their curative effect.
Cleanse the Initiated Blood whenever you find its
impurities bursting through the skin in Pimples
Eruptions or sores cleanse It whom you find 1t OBJ
structed and sluggish in the veins cleanse 1t when
It's foul, and your feelings will tell you when Keep
the blood pure and the health OF the system will
follow.
PIN, TAPE and other WORMS, lurking In the
system OF 50 many thousands, efeetuay destroy
ed and removed. For full directions read carefully
the circular around each bottle, printed In four Ian
guages- English, German, French and Spanish,
J.wALKER, Proprietor. H. II. MCDONALD CO.,
druggists and General Agents, san Francisco Cal,
and p and - Commerce Street, New-York -
.sf-oAI IA NO A. 4 npIrgtfespe Nn ms m.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
Bone Setting, Sorofula Diseases,
Sores, Cancers, General
Debility, &C., &c.

DR. BARKEn for eight years In practice with the
Celebrated Bone Setter Surgeon and Physician, OHAs
SWEET, NJ. D., Of Lebanon, Conn, and for the last
year has been very successful in his present locality.
Braces for Spinal Diseases, Crooked Feet, ke., are
specially attended TO.
DR.. BArkers Scrofuls syrups, Cough Preparations
Strengthening Bitters. sAyes and Lnimens aooompa-
ny the treAtment. tao
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
Terms, $50 to warrant.

HM The great cause Of human misery. just pub
lecture ,'aoI n r~' Sno r treatment 1,
and radical of seminal weakness, Spermatorrh
oea, induced by selfabuse involuntary emissions i'm
potency, nervous debility, and impedimens to mar
riage generally Consumption, epilepsy, and FITS ;
mental and physical incapacity, kc.-By Rob. J. Gull
verwel, NJ. D., author of the "Green Book, &c.
The world-renowned author, in this admirable Lee
ture, clearly proves from his experience that the
awful consequences of Self-Abuse may be eectuAlly
removed without medicines, and without dangerous
surgical operations bouges, instruments, rings or
cordAls pointing out mode Of at certain
and eeetual by which every sufferer, no matter what
his condition may be, may himself cheaply pri-
vately aud radically. This Lecture will prove boon
to thousands and thousands.
Sent under seal, In plain envelope TO any address,
on receipt Of six cents, or two postage stamps by
addressing the Publishers Also, DR.. Culyerwell's
Marriage Guide, price 20 cents. Address the Pub
fishers, CHAs. J. @. KLINE l. CO.,
1877 Bowery, New York, Post Once Boz 1896.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

A member of the Arkansas Legisla-
ture, in speaking on extravagant appropri-
alton, Indignantly exclaimed; "Gentlemen,
talk about adequate compensation of pub
lie servants Why, sir, during the late
war, l was in thrty-seyen battles, was
wounded thirteen times in the cause of the
South, and the entire pay | received was
$50 in confederate money, every cent OF
which gave for one glass of old rye whis-
XIV"
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28


i II. DOW continues to be cunsulted at his office
Nos Endcott Street, Boston, on all diseases of a
PRIVATE OR DELICATE NATURE. BY long
course of study and practical experience Of unlimited
extent, Dr. d. has the qualification Of presenting
the unfortunate with remedies that have never since
he first introduced them failed to the most alarm
ing cases of GONORRHEA AND SYPHILIS. Be-
meath his treatment all the horrors Of venerea and i'm
pure blood, ImpOtency Scrofula, GonorrhGa Ulcers,
pain aud distress in the regions Of procrcation In
hammation Of the Bladder and Kidneys, HydrOcele,
Abcesses Humors, frightful Swelings, and the long
train horrible symptoms attending this class Of dis
ease, made to become harmless the simplest
Ailngs OF child. SEMINAL WEAkNESS.-Dr. d.
doyotcs great part of his time to the treatment Of
those caused by a secret and solitary habit.
which ruins the body and mind uniting the unfor-
tunate individual for business or society. Some Of
the sad and melancholy effects produced by early
habits of youth, weakness Of the Back and Limbs,
Dizziness Of the Head Dimness Of Sight Papitation Of
the Heart, Dyspepsia, Nervousness, arrangement Of
the digestive functions, symptoms, Sc The fearful
effects the mind are much to be dreaded; loss of
memory confusion of ideas, depression Of spirits evil
forebodings aversion of society, sefdstrust timdy,
&c, are among the evils produced Such persons
should, before contemplating matrimony, consult =
physician of experience and be at once restored to
health and happiness
Patients who wish TO remain under DR.. Dows treat
ment few days weeks, will be furnished with
pleasant rooms, and charges for board moderate.
Medicines sent to all parts Of the country, with full
directions for use receiving description Of your
cases Dr. Dow has also for sale the French CapOtes
warranted the best preventive order by mail Three
for 81 aud a red stamp,
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
ST EINWAY PIANOS.

"The Best is the Cheapest"
TINHE sTEINwAY PIANOS for FULLSEss, CLEAA-
Il MISS and PURITY or ToSH, and THoEouGHNLss
or WORCESTERSHIRE, ARE uNEQuAIl.Ep.
The majority OF the leading artists throughout tue
world prefer them for their use, aud eoneede to
them the highest degree Of excellence.
sr-Calland examine for yourselves.
EDMARD CLARK, High ST., BrattlebOro,
AGENT for Southern aud Central Vermont. 1yAA
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

the small and half-matured pods and pani-
cles, leaving none but the large ones to ma
ture. A few hours labor in saving good
seed, will often be the means of doubling
the quantity of the crop.-N. Y. Observer.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

81 regard MIR. Eddy one Of the most capable and
successful practitioners with whom have had official
ntercourse.-CHARLEs MASON, Commissioner Of
Patents
~ have Hesitation in assuring inventors thatthey
cannot employ man more competent aud husiWoi-
thy, aud more capable Of putting their applications in
u form to for them early and favorable con-
sideration at the Patent Ohice.-EDMuND BURKE,
late Commissioner OF Patents"
Mr.. H. II. EDDY has madefor me over THIRTY APP
pcations for Patents having been successful IN almost
every such unmisakable proof Of great talent
and ability on his part, leads me To recommend ALL
inventors to apply to him to procure their patents
they may be sure Of having the most faithful attention
bestowed on their cases, and at very reasonable
charges.-JOHN TAGGART"
Boston, Jan. |, ls1l.-lyl
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENTS.
n n TnnU SOLICITOR OF PATENTS FOR
X N tIIIII INVENTIONS, TRADE MARKS,
III III Lulu II OR DESIGNS,

No. 70 State Street, opposite kilby Street, Boston,
A FTER an extensive practice Of upwards of thirty
IN years, continues to secure Patents in the United
States also in Great Britain, France and other foreign
countries. Caveats Specifications Assigumtn ts and
all papers for Patents, executed On reasonable terms
with dispatch Researches made to determine the
validity and utility Of Patents Of Inventions aud ltgal
aud other advice rendered in all matters touching the
same. Copies OF the claims of any patent furnished
by RENTING one dollar. Assignments recorded In
Washington.
No Agency in the United States possesses superior
facilities for obtaining Patents, or GscUdining the
paftntabiiity Of iHUtHtiOns.
All neceesity OF journey to Washington to procure
Patent, and the usual great delay there, are here
saved inventors
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
UNDERTAKEN.

TINHE subscriber has taten rooms in Rytheff build
ing two doors north Of the Plank ofhce, where he
will furnish Cohns aud Caskets at Wholesale and Ie.
tail: and will assist at funerals, furnishing robs Ae
n, ID. sOUIE.
BrAttleboro, Sept ,lsI0-tf35
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

THE SCIENCE OF LIFE, or sELF-PNESEliN A.
TON. A Medical Treatise On the Cause aud Cure Of
EXHAUSTED VITALITY, PREMATURE DECLINE ~ MAN,
NERVOUS ASD PHYSICAL DEBILIIY HNroCHoNDhlA,
and all other diseases arising IRON the EHLuhs Oh
YOUTH, or the iSDiscRErIoS or ENcEssLs Of mature
years This is indeed book for every man. Price
only one Dollar. 2s5 pages, bound in cloth.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
A Book for Every Woman.

Entitled SEXUAL PHYSlOLOGN or WOMAN, AND
HER DISEASES; or, WoMAS THEAlAp OF lnlsio-
LOGICALLY, from INFANCY 10 OLD AGE, with elegant
ILLUSTRATIVE ESGRAvISGs. $50 pages, bound in
beAntiful French cloth. Irlc, S2.UO.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

GARDENERS RHEUMATIC AND
VI NEURALGIC COMPOUND is "A
SAFE AsD RELIABLE CURE for all Complaints Of 4
scrofulous Nature splendid Blood Purifier
Gardeners Compound Cures Rheumatism,
Gardeners Compound Cures Neuralgia !!
FOR SALE by ALL DRUGGISTS ny4l
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
IIiGmLY NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

Il
Surgeon No. Endicutt Street, Boston, is consult
ell daily for diseases incident to the female system
Proapsus Uteri, falling Of the Womb, Fluor Albus,
Suppression, and other menstrual arrangements, are
all treated upon new pathological principles and
speedy relief guaranteed in few days. SO invariably
certain is the mode Of treatment, that most obs-
nate complaints yield under 1t, and the afflicted person
soon rejoices in perfect health.
Dr. Dow has no doubt had greater experience in the
cure of diseases Of women and children than any 9TH
err physician in Boston.
Boarding accommodations for patients who may
wish to stay in Boston few days under his treatment.
Dr. Dow since lS45, having confined his whole atten
ton to Office practice for the cure of private dis
aud femalecompaints, acknowledges no superior
in the United States.
n BAH letters must contain four red stamps, or
they will not be answered. Office hours from A. Nj.
to9P III.
CERTAIN CUREIN ALL CASES, OR
- no charges made. DR.. Dow is consulted daily
from A. NJ to L. NJ above, upon all diihcult or
chronic diseases of every name and nature, having by
his unwearied attention and extraordinary success
gained reputation which calls patients from all parts
Of the country to obtain advice.
Among the physicians in Boston, none stand higher
in the profession than the Celebrated DR., Dow No.
Of an experienced physician and surgeon should give
him call
P.s.-Dr. Dow imports and has for sale anewarti-
Gle called the French secret. Order by mail Twofor
81 and red stamp. apr 26, ls7l'--lyl9
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
NEW YORK STATE RAILROAD BONDS, lirs
/ NlAss Hnmn inNNhimnni.

NEW YORK STATE RAILROAD BONDS, a lint
~ Glass Home investment
First Mortgage Gold Bonds Of RONDOUT AND Os-
wEGo RAILROAD, Principal and interest payable in
Gold. Seven per Cent per Annum- Payable Semi
annually.
This road covers 100 miles Of the moot direct poss
bic line between the Great Lakes and declwater nAN
CATION the Hudson River, the whole line Of which
will be completed and IN operation before Oct.
1872 and give new line Of road to Lake Ontario and
the West twenty-five miles shorter than any line that
can be found.
The issue Of bonds is limited to sac, 900 per mile
Of COMPLETED ROAD, the coupons payable III gold
in this city. Price q the Bonds 90 IN currency and
accrued interest
Full particulars of the above aud the Bonds for sale
EDWARD HAIGHT & CO.,
No. Wall Street.
Financial Agents If the II. o, r. II. Co.
For sale by S. NJ. WAITE Cashier ift National Bank
Of Brattleboro, gro, S, DOMlLl, Cashier Vermont
National Bank Of Brattlohoro, GEO. NEWMAN, Treas
urer WindhAm PTovdent Institution for Savings Brat
teboro, J, A. BUTLER, Cashier Jamaica National
Bank 27-@
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
PERFORMANCES.

YOUNG AMERICA trotted, when two years old, two
races on the Centreville Course, Long Island; one
against Lady Berins and one against Rocky Hia
winning every at with ease, and making the best
time record, in match, for two year old, viz, 8
minutes and seconds
Ills colts all Of more than ordinary promise. A
year old, owned by Mr.. W. NJ. Parks Of Brooklyn,
New York, won match for $4,000 in 1870, beating a
by Rysdicks HambtfOnian, owned by Geo. b.
Alley
Hazor, three-old, trotted, october, 1870, in the
Prospect Park Stake in ABA. He was lame, but sas
Of the four starters in twenty -four entries
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
YOUNGsAME
THE
MESSENGER TROTTING STALLION.
PEDIGREE.

sIRE-Hoagland's GREY Messenger, ownedOn Long
Island, Of whom ii is said, be never got colt that
could not trot in three minutes.
DAM AND GRASDAN-Hif sisters to Iysdicks Ham
G.toHidn, both by Abddildh, by MsmLriHo he by
imported Messenger His dam also the dam Of
Jupiter Abddiidh, stallion famous on Long Island,
owned by Mr.. VAN wYKR, Of Flatbush. Jupiter Abdai
idh stands at 5000.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28

ened, falling hair checked, and bald
ness often, though not always, cured
by its use. Nothing can restore the
hair where the follicles are destroyed,
or the glands atrophied and decayed.
But such as remain can be saved for
usefulness by this application. Instead
of fouling the hair with a pa.ty sedi-
ment, it will kept clean and vigorous.
Its occasional Use will prevent the hair
from turning gray or falling off, aud
consequently prevent badness. Free
from those deleterious substances which
make some preparations dangerous and
injurious to the hair, the Nigor can
only benefit but not harm it. If wanted
merely for n
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1871-07-28
Ayers
Hair Vigor,
For restoring Gray Hair 10
its natural Vitality and Color.

A dressing which
is at once agreeable,
healthy, and eifectual
for preserving the
hair. Fdded or gray
hdT is so0H restored
10 lis original color
aciM tie gloss and
freshness Of youih.
Thin hair is thick
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1871-09-21
Work Plenty for Women who
Want It.

The New York Tribune, IN sensible
article on women's work and women's wa
ges in that city, tells us:
There's no use quoting the phrase
starving at the needle" when there are
so many blooming, easy, prosperous young
dress and shirt-makers asking their own
prices and setting their own hours. The
sewing girl in a gentleman's family on I'd
avenue is paid So a week, has her pleas
ant room. meals by herself, and the rever-
sion of her mistress's moire antiques, and
works from o'clock to 6, with an hours
recess at noon. Such position as this
no woman who is obliged to work ought
to find fault with on any score of refine
ment or privilege, so far as she only is
concerned. Then the forewoman in a
fashionable dressmaking establishment has
$26 to $50 week, and is almost mistress
of her own devices. The work of pre-
pairing trousseaux and fine lingerie is fab
ulously paid nowadays, and if needle
woman do not grow rich it is because they
choose to do less and have more leisure.
The finer works enumerated are sold at
fancy prices when well done pair of
slippers in applique which contains less
than days work, selling for $40, and
good carving for much more than an oil
painting of the same mint, on a purely
decorative subject. y Lace-work in
New York pays well. as may be seen from
the fact that fashionable ''modistes' pay a
clever hand at lace-stitch Sc for joining
the ends of Chantilly founce six inches
wide.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1871-09-21
Our Degenerate Age.

The hideous and revolving crimes which
have been raked up from the filth of the
lowest dregs of society, by the recent dis
covery of the trunk and its dreadful con-
tents in New York city, are subjects which
the editor, In common with the rest Of
mankind, shudders to contemplate but
cannot ignore. Who was the victim in
the present case? who was the murderer !?
who were the connivers? These are ques-
tions which the telegraph has answered or
will answer, and they are of little COM
parative moment But they serve to call
public attention to the appalling dimen-
sions of business which is the most foul
and unnatural Imaginable, against which
all the laws of God and man, and every
principle of expediency and common sense
are opposed, and which yet supports hun
dreds of INSCRIPTIONS men and-the
greater be their shame-unscrupulo wo-
men, and sends to their dishonored homes
or dishonored graves hundreds of young
and lovely girls. 1t is a sad commentary
upon the effect of this traffic on the traf-
fckers, when it is remembered that one of
the most notorious female practitioners"
his amassed sufficient ill-gotton wealth to
buy palatial residence in New York city
and offer quarter of million to any one
who will marry her daughter; it is a sad
commentary upon its effects on the victims,
when the pride of household, seduced
from the paths of virtue, is liable to have
her life tortued out of her, and her body
bent double in trunk, to be discovered
by truckman or newsboy, exposed to
the gaping gaze of five thousand eyes, and
finally tumbled into an unknown grave
Roo,,.Y.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1871-09-21

Down in Woodbury. there is a woman
who is extremely deaf, and her affliction
has caused an extremely unpleasant mis-
take, of which her infant child is the VIC
tim. She took this babe to church the
other day to have him baptized. While
she was waiting in the vestibule, she tho't
she would keep him quiet by feeding him
from bottle of milk. While the child
was still taking the sustenance, the moth
er was summoned to the church with the
announcement that the minister was ready.
In her agitation she drew the bottle from
the babes mouth burriedly, when the
gum nozzle came off, and pint Of milk
was spilled upon the child's new clothes.
When the clergyman took the child IN his
arms, he looked down at it and asked the
mother what name should be given it.
She, with her mind troubled about the ac-
cident. thought he was asking how the
clothing became soiled, SO she answered.
"Nozzle came off,"
Rather surprised, he asked again for
the name and she, thinking he did not un-
derstand her, bawled out:
Nozzle came off, say!''
Whereupon that astonished divine
poured water on the child's head, and
said
'-Nozzle-came-of Ferguson, / baptizc
thee," etc., etc. What this woman wants
to know now is, whether the legislature or
something can't have the child's name
changed to Henry of Lucullus or Will
lam before it gets old enough to swear at
its parents.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1871-09-21

A correspondent of the San Francisco
Chronicle. who signs herself -'Tormented
Woman" defines her position thus:
81 am pestered with offers. Now L
never offered to marry a man; never
had the presumption to say to a gentle
man: If you will be my exclusive COM
panion for life. will support you; / will
be mother to your children. Asto con-
geniality, why, I've only seen you in COM
pany dress. but you please me in that, and
I'll take it for granted that in all their in
tricacies and complications our natures
viii come into perfect syspathy and con-
sanguinity with each other. But men
will make such propositions after a six
weeks acquaintance, when in reality they
know no more of the woman whom they
ask to marry them than they do of the
man in the moon. There are men who
will propose marriage to us, whose busi-
ness would keep them two-thirds of the
time in the wilds of the continent. They
seem to imagine that the honor of their
name and alliance would be a sufficient
compensation for life spent two-thirds in
the condition of grass widowhood, or of
one entirely subject to the privations of
the backwoods. There are others, con-
firmed invaliGs, who, because we are
pleasing to them, elect us to the station of
their nurses for life. Others are as poor
as poverty, yet not for moment do they
hesitate to offer us shares in their like
property.
You men are deiuded on this subject
of matrimony. You meet woman at
tractive to you, and forthwith you con-
clude that the be-all and end all of her
existence here is place in your own pri-
vate cage, where she is to sing for your
own exclusive benefit. We propose soon
to take hand in this worlds little game;
we're trying to learn from you how you've
managed so lcng and SO successfully to
stock the cards: we propose to trump our
score of the tricks and see that the hon
crs are more evenly divided: We may
not all vote, or shrek. or officiate as plat
form statuary for Stanton or an Antho-
ny, but things are working; a new deal
all around is being quietly shufHed out.
and in year or two moro some of you
gentlemen who deem all woman's fitness
to be for making your beds, cooking your
food, scrubbing your floors and rocking
your cradles, will be astounded by the
positions held by u.s."
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1871-09-21
Amusing Conflict with n Bear.

A couple of residents of Georgetown,
Colorado, started out on hunting expe-
dition about twenty miles east of town..
On arriving at the scene of operations, it
being late. they concluded to camp for tho
night. Early next morning one Of the
party decided to 90 to some convenient
spot and prepare what the hunters call o
s'deer lick" lie started out with an
yeast powder can filled with salt, and an
auger While pushing his way through
the bushes he suddenly came face to face
with big black bear.
Not liking the intrusion, the bear rear
ed up, and prepared to fight. The hunt
er and the bear were so close to each 9TH
er that neither could very well back out,
The only weapons that the hunter had
were the salt and nuger. Believing the
salt the best werpon at hand, he dashed
the can full of salt directly into the bears
eyes, and while bruin was scratching the
salt out of his peppers the hunter pegged
away on his head with the augeE until his
bearship gave up the contest and fed.