davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

III A'tNG opened during tho past ten lays
- one hundred packages OF goods, bought
III New York ut much less than regular prices.
replcnlshing all the departments to the fullest
capacity, both wholesale and retail, we arc
now prepared to fill I'LL orders from city or
country.
we oncncd today twenty-five pieces Of
CARPETS, III new and beautiful designs; $50
pairs OF BLANKETS, including all qualities,
IN white and colored. Notwithstanding the
very large advance OF 90 per cent. in the no
goods, wp aro Offering them ut less prices
than last year. '
VII open i'm a few days the best stock OF
WUol. SflAW1.S ever shown in Columbia
;, Wo keep only the best makes Of goods,
alrcct from manufacturers and importers, and
have but ONE PRICE.
shades and Shade Hollands, in nl1 wild tbs
and styles.
some ot our worthy competitors arc getting
rather nervous on account Of he quantity of
goods We are reccising. We do moi get them
Tor their benefit, but for Tho benefit of our
customers.
We i"vltn all to inspect on stock, which
Will be shown freely.
w. u. LOVE & CO,
~ Columbia Hotel building,
~. LOVE Main street.
~ a. hcChEtEi. Aug 25
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07
Notice to Contractors.


GEALED BIDS for the erection of Civ
NJ Hall will he received at tho Office OF tie
Chairman Special Committee on CITY Hall.
until Monday, 1lth September, 12 H., at which
time all bids will be opened. Tho contract
VIII bo awarded to the lowest responsible bid
der. The Committee reserves the right to re-
]ect all bids offered. The contractor will be
required to enter into bond for faithful per-
t9rmance Of his contract in penalty OF tifty
sureties. The names of persons offered as
sureties by the contractor shall be cent in
with bid, together with tho assent Of proposed
suretios. m The contract, after being awarded
Gil Plans and specifications of tho prouosed
building can be eeen at tho Office of Chairman
OF Special Committee.
"; HUTsON wIGG, Chm,
ISRAEL SMITH,
WM. MOONEY, Committee
VIM. SIMONS,
JOE TAYLOR Sont1
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07
ThornWell's Collected Writinps

Thornweil's Collected Writings,
'HEoLoG!CAL and Ethical, volumca.
l. cmbelished with DR.. Thornwcll'. nor,
trait. 81 per volume -N'--I1' NH
Memories of Patmos. Ey AIacDuT. s2.
The Conservative reformation and it's The
The Unseen World Bv Rev DR.. Stork. 81
NEW NOVELS.
iink and White Tyranny. By Mrs Harriet
Eeechcr Stowe. sl50. '-N
.aitcr Lord and Master. BY Florence Maryatt
Won. not Wooed. By the author of Bred io
the Bono, DC so cents. -'-'~'-''
Terrible Temptation. BY Charles Reade.
Uniform edition Of Grace Aguilor's Works
Jc., at 81 per volume. -
The shove books sent 10 any address, post
paid, on receipt OF price
Aug DUFFIE & CHAPMAN Rooksai,ora
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07


The Sentinel, published at Mt. Ster-
ling, Ky, calls upon Mrs. Victoria O..
Woodruff and Miss Tennie O. Clafin to
pay bill due since 1866 for ADVERTISING
done for them when they followed the
clairvoyant, fortune-telling and magic
medicine business in Cincinnati. When
this bill is pnid, the Sentinel will see
about supporting Mrs. Woodruff for the
Presidency.
a. T. Stewards now hotel for women
at the corner Of Fourth avenue and
Ihlrty-second street, New York, is ra-
plday progressing towards completion.
S2,oU0, 600 have been appropriated for
it, and another million will be REQUIRED
to complete it. This is the largest sum
ever given by single individual for an Y
edltice for benevolent purposes.
The Chinese have found in California
method Of revenge which exactly suits
the temper Of the race. If one ipjures
another, the benevolent society to which
the injured one belongs appears in court
and swenrs the offender into the peni-
tentiary for life. How much more or
derly than duel. .
The new Commissioner of Agriculture
insists upon discharging some clerks in
his Office. because they are worthless.
He is evidently green il the business OF
serving the Radical party and General
Grant.
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

The wallis" Tie.
DIPLOMAS FOR BEST COTTON TIE
~ RANTED by
VI Louisiana State Fair, April, 1870.
Georgia Stato Fair, October, 1870.
Cotton States Fair, October, 1870.
aalississippi State Fair, Octnbcr, 1870.
Alabama state Fair, November, 1870.
Made Of the best Engli Ii Iron. Easily and
rapidly adjusted.
:, 1000 Of the above TIES now landing pcr
Bntleii bark NJ. +. Seed. from Liverpool, anu
for sale ut the luwcet market rates I,v
:. J. N. ROBSON,
Nos. GS East Bay and and Atlantic Wharf.
otpt Charlestnn s. g.
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

you value your ryt.iel.t use these PER-
Il fhCT LENSES. Ground from minute
crystal pebbles, melted together aud inr;ve
their namo "Diamond'' ON account of their
hardness and briiiancv. They will last many
years without change. and are warranted tu
perlor o all others, manufactured hy
J. +. SPENCER i CO., NY
.CAUTIoS.-None genuine unless slammed
with our trade mark. WM GLAZE. Jeweler
and optlcian. is sole agent for Columbia, s.
r., from whom they can only he obtained.
No peddlers employed. July 90 Ht1v :
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

Native and Foreign Wines.
GCUPPERNONG, Concord. sautorns c,,.
- ret, Champagnos, just received and for
sale low, by e. HOPE.
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07
Notice.

FthE lsraelitcs Of Columbia and visitors
by Informed that full aid ample arrange
mehts have been made by tho .'Bnai Israel"
Assoeiation,'of this city, for tho celebration
OF the approaching Sacred Holidays, com
menclng on the evening OF September IS.
Applications for seats should be addressed to
Anguat 81 th3 u EpSTIN
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07
The Celebrated
Murray
LIall1na1's
Florida Water.

The most lasting, agree
able, and refreshing Of all
perfumes, for use on the
handkerchief, at the Toilet,
and in the Bath. For sale
by all Druggists and Per
filmers.
Sept II
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

Red Oats, Rust Proof.
EtOR eale, at IL so per bushel, sacked and
H. delivered at railroad. Apply by cash
order to w. Il. .ANpt;Rst5N
Nlnety-Six Post Office, Abbevile Co.
REpEnhsCE-Col. u. Wyatt Aiken.
August 12 40
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07
Correct Time.
For Sale

z 600 AcNEs o: LAND in Barnwen,
900 ACHES III Krrshaw---il lo,a to suit.
saw n and ntR! acres ot Land in ..exinp.
ton. on Horth Edisto, s., 900
$500 acres Wateree Bottom Land 50 2nracre
ooO acros creek bottom and pine Land. at
81 per acre. House in this citv s5 nm
HOUSE and thirteen acres LAND, near the
Attorney at Law aud Real Estate Agent
Seu: 25
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

New Books! New Books!! New Books!!
THHE DOMESTIC LIFE OF THOS. JEF.
y Il :, FEKSON. l,y his grand daughter Sarah
:, "Reminiscences of Fifty Years. BY Mark
Boyd. S1.7j.
AT Last" A Christmas in the West In
ales: Hy Charles Kingsley. with many illus
= The The Life io Of fernando Cortez. by Arthur
Light and Electricity" BY ]. Tsndall
Ihc Coming Race; or, The New Utopia.
DIX Boys: a Mothers Story. BY tho Anne
rican Tract Society. 1925
The Earthly Paradise. Poem Ey vii.
liam Morris. Three volumes $3.50.
nErncstnc." BY George Sand. 75c.
Terrible Temptation, Hv Chas. Rcado. SOC.
Also, largo selection of new Novels by the
pest authors, just received nd for aale at pub
iishcr's prices, by BRYAN Il NcCARTEK.
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07
THE EXCHANGE HOUSE.

Every One Drinks Seegers' Beer,
BECAUSE it gives strength and improves
ID their health March II :
The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, 1871-09-07

The Georgia Gin
HhiS is the third season we have sold these
a GINS. and have never had single com.
Ptalnt. We offer them with renewed conf.
dence. at moderate prices and REASONABLE
terms. LORICK t. LOWRANCE, Agts.,
JUDY 10 1mo Columbia, Il. @.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17
TeIe9raph
70 MONDAY, APRIL II, is7l.
THE 1OAL TROnRLEs.


ALTHOUGH no final settlement of the troubles
in the coal regions of the State has yet been
effected, it seems to be understood in each
district, as well as by the coal dealers, that
there will be q general resumption of work
about the first of May. If this anticipation
is not realized it will be solely because some
of the miners and operators still have q slight
doubt whether the cessation of production
has been sufficiently protracted to ensure
prolongation of high prices during consid-
cradle period after work is resumed; but the
public have little reason to share this fear.
AS practical result of the strike, the coal
consumers of the land will be compelled to
pay the bulk of all damages it has caused, or,
in other words, to maintain thirty thousand
men, with their families, in idleness, during
q period of about four months. The ruinous
competition between the various coal dis
tricts, while it has occasionally lowered the
price Of coal temporarily, has increased rather
than diminished its average cost during
series of months and years; and
until there is better relation
established between the facilities for produc-
ing the proper supply and the demand, there
will continue to be great waste of capital,
great loss of labor, q great deal of financial
embarrassment and distress among coal ope-
rators, and at some periods terrible extor-
tions upon coal consumers If there was any
legislative wisdom in the State, this is one of
the subjects upon which it should have been
exercised long ago. but legislative wisdom is
seemingly thing of the past, and the Legis-
Iature, acting under the Indictment of vari-
GUS interests from time to time, has
done nothing to restrain the
development of evils which statesmen should
have foreseen, while it has afforded every
possible facility for the establishment of the
present condition of affairs. The proposed
system of arbitration may do some good in
mitigating the evils of violent encounters be-
tween the coal operators and the operatives
but the root of the difficulty is over-produc-
tion and over-development, and the only sure
way to cure it is to strike at this root. If the
coal-carrying companies could agree upon the
production of their respective districts, and
graduate the working force in each to the
actual demands of the country, the whole
question could be settled permanently on this
basis But as matters are now arranged,
periodical strikes are unavoidable, and they
will continually recur until a considerable
portion of the present force of miners are
compelled to abandon the pursuit in which
there is now only work enough to keep them
all employed for two-thirds of year.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17

the Union. The time has most certainly
come when broad and liberal policy Is neces-
sary unless the irritation of the South is to
be a source Of trouble for the future, and
now is the time when general
amnesty which will restore the prescribed
classes of the South to full citizenship will be
of avail, as an appropriate finale to the recon-
structive measures of Congress, to inaugurate
reign Of peace and to put an end to the dis
orders that will continue so long as the pro-
scription of the participants in the Rebellion
is part of the policy of the party in power.
Amnesty must come some time, and il will
be better now than next year or the year after.
If we are to wait until every Southerner is
transformed into quiet, law-abiding citizen,
we will have to wait forever; and it is a seri-
GUS question whether the outrages which are
reported as occurring in some of the States will
not sooner cease if they are left to the care of
States themselves than il the General Govern
ment attempts to take them in hand If we
must have a Ku-klux law, however, by all
means let 1t be accompanied by an amnesty
measure which will put an end to all further
pretext for the deeds of violence against which
the former is aimed.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17

The National House Of Representatives,
after en- interesting and animated debate, has
decided by close vote to return to the old
system of commencing the sessions of each
new Congress in December, instead of on the
fifth of March. Since there is no longer any
special necessity for continuous sessions like
that created by Andy Johnsons amiable pecu-
liarities. it seems desirable that the country
and the Congressman should obtain the re-
pose contemplated by this action. If it is
true that any part of the world was ever gov
erned too much, surely the United States is
in danger Of being placed in that predica-
ment, especially when Congress is in nearly
permanent session.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17

The deadlock at Harrisburg may produce
some good results by protecting the people
from the usual batch of legislative monstrosi-
ties. If the number of private bills run
through the Legislature happens to be some
thing less than million this year, Pennsyl-
vania can still outlive such a calamity, and
flourish So well that new dead-locks hereafter
will be rather things to be hoped for than
misfortunes to be dreaded.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17

The blu providing for geological survey
was recently indefinitely postponed in the
lower branch of the State Legislature. As
this was a useful measure, likely to benefit
all sections of the State, and in accordance
with the spirit and demands of the age, il was
of course doomed to defeat. The occupants
of the State Capitol may commit any con-
ceivable folly, endorse the most fragrant
wrongs, or vote for the most iniquitous
measures, especially such as are advocated by
a powerful moneyed interest, but the worst
enemies of the Harrisburg Solons can never
accuse them of originating and willingly
adopting laws of general utility.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17

AT ST.. CLEMENTS EPISCOPAL CHURCH the
assistant minister, Rev. w. III. N. Stewart,
LID, preached an interesting sermon last
evening, which will be found in full on our
inside pages. This discourse, we understand,
was originally delivered by DR.. Stewart some
ten years ago, but bears repetition at present,
as it contains full resume of the history of
the Church, with special reference to the pc
culiar practices which have recently created
an ex citem ment at st. Clements Church.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17
THE HOUSE OF CORRECTION.


The leading provisions of the bill relating to
the House of Correction which Councils re-
quested the Legislature to adopt were very
necessary and unobjectionable; and although
some amendments may have been wise and
proper, the action of the lower branch of the
Legislature in defeating the bill, as a whole,
was fragrant outrage upon the citizens of
Philadelphia The members from this city
who opposed it merely because it authorized
tax of fifty dollars, in addition to the State
license, upon the venders of spirituous and malt
liquors, may earn the gratitude of those who
are specially interested in the liquor traffic
by their action, but they deserve the severe
condemnation of all ether classes of citizens.
If they we're particularly anxious that no new
license tax should be imposed, they should
have made jealous effort to transfer to the
city treasury, where it legitimately belongs,
the.sums now paid to the State for licenses.
Blu t in view of the long-continued demand
for the House of Correction, they
should not have allowed either this tavern
license clause of the bill, or any
minor DETAIL to have postponed the estab-
lishment of an institution which Philadel-
phia has sadly needed for a score of years.
Their action on this bill affords a new evil
dence of the evils which this city habitually
and continually suffers from her practice of
sending to Harrisburg members so ignorant
and inferior that they are often the laughing
stock of their country associates, and capable
of distinguishing themselves only by some
notorious act of folly or corruption.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17
AMNESTY

The Amnesty bill passed by the House of Re-
representatives., and which we believe is
acceptable to the best and most influential
people of the whole country, hangs fire in the
Senate, and there appears to be a disposition
among some of the prominent Republican
Senators to defeat it, We doubt the expe-
diency of the Ku-klux bill, which will doubt
less pass in substantially its present shape,
and we are confident that so far from allaying
the irritation and bad feeling at the South, it
will only increase them, unless it is accompa-
MED by an amnesty measure that will con-
vince the intelligent people of the South that
there is real desire on the part of the Gov
ernment to heal the wounds of the war, and to
interfere as little as possible with the domestic
affairs of the several States. Many of the best
men OF the South-those who are really dis
posed to be good citizens-are strongly con-
Yinced that all the repressive measures
adopted by Congress towards the late Rebel
States are merely for the purpose of main
tanning the ascendancy of the Republican
party. This idea is erroneous, but it is new
ertheless firmly fixed in many minds, and the
Democratic journals of the country, instead
of aiding to bring about permanent and
peaceable reconstruction, are using all their
influence to misrepresent the actions of Con-
gress, and to increase the ill-feeling which is
one of the natural results of the war and of
the legislative measures which were neces-
sary before the Rebel States could with pro-
Priety be restored to their proper places in
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-04-17
N OF &c z 8.

CLoTHING.-SPRNG CLogHING-IMMENsE STOCK
Best Materials, Best Styles, Best Work.
rndnShip, and Logest Prices, at WANA-
MAKER & BROWNS.
Clothing.-Spring OUercoats. AL the Netuest Colors
and Mixtures.
Clothing.-Spring Suits for Gentlemen, for bust
ness and dress, for all occasions and occt-
pations.
Clohng.-Spring Suits, for Youth, 'usry noDel,y of
style and material. a lot of Youths Sack
Coats, very cheap.
Clothing.-SIring Suits for Boys, all sizes, shapes
colors, and qualities.
Clothing.-Spring Fancy Suits for Children ofttr(e
gears of age and up'cards. Many entirely
neto ideas.
Clothing.-Spring Styles Piece Goods TO make up to
Order IN our E1tensiUe Custom Depart
nent. Perfect SatisfactiOn guarGnteei in
this Branch Of Immense Establish
7nent.
Clothing may be ordered by mail by persons iving
the time expense of a viSit to the city.
Samples lCith Easy Rules for Se,f-rnea-
surement sent to any address ,ohen torit-
ten for.
Clothing may be purchased at Oak Hall betiOeen the
hours Of 6H o'clock A. NJ and6K p. NJ,
and on Saturday, from a. M. 10 10
Pm.
WANAMAKER BRoHN's,
OAK HALL,
THE LARGEST CLOTHING HOUSE IN AMERICA,
s. E. CORNER SIXTH AND MARKET STREETS.
The Cairo daily bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1870-1872, 1871-05-04
-saHsHHH#
tTOR SALE.
- wiitiams' bourbon aud High Wines
HisilileryD


AZ CAIRO, ILLINOIS,
Is offered for sale by the Undersigned on the most
ress enable terms.
The building is new and complete throsgh1u ut
IN aii the modern improvements and appliances
OF suct an establishment, Is Ia complete runni o x
order, but has never been run. The engines,
machinery, and apparatus generally are Of the
best man iacture.
The main building is 81 by a feet, AMI three
stories nigh. Tho boiler shed is - by 20 feet , the
tub shed Is 81 by ~ feet, each shed being one
story high,
the engine is 10 inch cylinder, with 80 inch
stroke. two boilers Al inches in dlamaer, fues,
and 20 feet long.
The capac ~ OF the distllery Is rs BARRELS per
day. Contiguous to tho distiliery are large brick
warehouse, aud pens Tor stock.
It's baliesed that TO any one desiring 10 carry on
the distillery business no better opportunity for
investment can be offered than is found here, both
cons dering the dstlery building and apparatus
and the location thereof at Cairo.
For further particul ,rs apply to the under.
signed o. Cairo, or to Smith Beggs& Co., corner of
Main and Morgan streets, st. LOUIS, Mo.
Nf"t| JOHN NJ. LANSDEE,
Cd Cairo illinois,
The Cairo daily bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1870-1872, 1871-05-04
Dr.. Hooaand's Greek OH,
Lighttag Care Cor all kinds OF Pains
md Acner.

AFFliED EATLR.ALLr.-It wi! cure all Kinds OF
pans ana Nrhrs, such as kht uuaslsul, Neuralgia,
lOothshc, CMlbuns, sprsins, Rrui-cs, FROST
BITES, heedach-s, Pans IN the Blck aud Loin.,
FANS the Joint, LiInU~, .susg- y! Ins.cts, Ring.
worms, ..".
IAEEh isnEslLLY.--ii sIll cure Kidney Com
falut bisk.ec!ic', b:.K headache coi. dy scEtery,
dia''ho's, c;i"rg nltntuIu, cholera mOTbus,
cIatnl- an pa'n- IN the s;pmN,h, FOYER aud Ague
rc4rii~. cultr a-!.linr. Ctr.
The Cairo daily bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1870-1872, 1871-05-04
They are the Greatest Known RENE.

For Liver Complaint. Dyspepsia, Nervous DebiIi.
~, Ja,ndioe, Disease Oftie kidneys, Erup.
iion- OI he 5KIn, aud all diseases
Arising IRON disordelcI
Liver, StomHch. or I'M
"LuFy Of TIE
E.gua.
keag ut- pliNvug symptoms: CLnpatIonSs
Fiaiulchcr, luFHri Piles, Euiiusss of blood to the
head, hcidlty ~ sns stoEach, Nausea, HEARTBURN,
disgust % iJOu, flIness weight 10 the Stomach
sur EririAiipa', linking or hEtteTing at the pit
oi ihe stomach, swimming Of the head, hurried
or diiLeui breath sns fiu,fing at the ieRrt chok-
lhS or siiioc"iiig =-nsstions whsn 10 lyILg pos
lufr, 1i"hrs- pI Vision, dots and webbs before the
sight dlH pain u the ne.d deiiricucV OF p.rsuir.
hon, y iioSHcss nf ths skin and eyes, pain 10
N. ride, back. chcst, iimbs, etc., sudden bushes
OF heat, burning IN lie iesb constant Imagining.
OF cyl, ana great depression OF spirits All these
indicate disease Of ihe Liser or digestive organs
combined VIA iEpdre bosi.
The u,e Of the Bi;ieIs or Tonic will soon cause
the above symptoms 10 disappear aud ghr pat ept
VIII Iecuug n eli and lealty
The Cairo daily bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1870-1872, 1871-05-04
Hoofiana'a l'oso ,hyiii,a pill
HooAand's Greek Oil
H0of,land's German Bitters.
1 Bitters without Alcohol OF sdirits
of INV nd

Bitters without Alcohol OF sdirits
Of any kind
IL difsrent from all others. Is composed OF the
pureIu or vial principle Of Roots, Herbs and
Banks Tor As medically termed, eItracis) the
worthless and inert portions Of the ingredients
not beng used. Therefore, In one bottle OF this
Bitters there IL contained as much medicinal yr.
tue as will be found in several gclons of ordinary
mixtures. The Roots, etc., used in this Bitors
are grown in Germany, their vital principles ex-
trac,cd in that country bv scientific Chemist and
forwarded 10 the mandatory in this city, where
they are compounded and bottled Containing no
spirituous Ingredients, this Bliters is free from
the objections urged against all others; no desire
for strmulants can DO induced from their use,
can fnaie no drnnkards, and cannot under
circumstance. have any nut beneficial effect.
H0GnGni's Herman Tonic.
was compounded for those not inclined to ex
rene biuer-, a2l is intended for use in cases
whea some alcoholic stmulant is equiied in con
nec,ion with the tonic properties OF the Bitters
Each bottle Of the Tonic contains one bottle
the Bii'ers, combined with pure Sats Cruz Rum,
and Favored IN such a manner that the extreme
bitterness OF the Bitters il overcome, forming
preparation highly agreeable and pleas mt to the
palate, and containing the medicinal virtue of the
bi'ters. The price Of the Tonic is 81 80 per
bottle, which many persons think too high They
must take into consideration that the stimu.
htSsed Ia guaranteed to be Of pure quality.
poor article could he furnished at a chespsr
frice,outis itnoi better To pay little more and
nave good article, A medicinal prepsrstion
should contain none but the bes, IN gredenis aud
they who expect u obtain cheap com Mound Will
most cerisiiiy - cheated.