New-York tribune., 1871-11-06
SOCIAL SCIENCE IN ENGLAND.
THE CONGRESS AT LEEDS,

Napoleon, when Emperor, ready TO patronize
as he was before he became o monarch, provided the
socialist would keep clear Of politics There Is not
despot In Europe who will not aid 1t, II workingnen
will occupy their attention with It, and not medde with
questions OF government. Our leading Conservatives
and all those politicians who regard IL as their mission
to regulate public affairs, continually deofy political
rights, and recommend instead the moro profitable
attention TO social rights Rights" Is, perhaps, too
strong O term-the vaguer ono OF "improyementsf
better describes their feeling This sentiment however
viii mako Social Science moro popular year by year,
as there will be competitors TO patronize 1t.
There s already audible and Just complaint that this
Congress good deal diverted and perverted into an
advocacy Of UNCONVENTIONAL education The President'
Sir John Pakington, tho primary offender. AS,
however Dir John quoted with approval the fact that
the King Of Prussia had consented to pave the way to
democracy by universal education and the arstocracy
consented to raise the middle class 10 that kind Of social
equality with themselves"i 1t must be taken az sign OF
Conservative hberulity ard Improvement No doubt sr
JOhu Pakngton intended TO be impartial In what he said
as to educational parties In this country but not In
Sir Johns nature to be impartial. An impartial man
must dash Of the philosopher in him, and one has
accused sr John PakngOn Of possessing TINT DASH
To be impartial implies o certain sympathy with
opinions opposite his own. Sir John has certainly no
faculty for even conceiving the case Of opponents.
Mr.. Vernon Harcourts address was protracted one.
Indeed the honorable and learned gentleman is never
brief on any subject II he addressed jury on behalf OF
likely to be hanged, the probability is that the
jury would aoqut him rather than ait out the speech
Mr.. Hareourt has belgeren tongue In his carly days.
when he first sought to get into Parliament, no went
down to Scotland to contest the Ayrshire burEs when
the stting member, Mr. ]. E. H Crawfurd, challenged
him to duel with pstos AS both gentlemen were men
of bulk and stature whether they shot wide high they
must have killed each other. However, the fight did not
come OF Mr. Harcourt's address was very elaborate
and thoughtful but relates to the codcaon OF
law the education Of our lawyers and reform Of legal
administration It has readable interest only for legal
studentS Ono point Of general scope was that law is
taken by the people be arbitrarily imposed system,
and consequently they do not themselves with 1t
they should owing to the impression that they cannot
understand 1t or control 1t. Whereas he
argued that lGw Is always the actual
expression Of the will Of the peOple-which Is quito uu
tfue. Now approImatiAg to universal suffrage,
1t is besOmng 80. Tor may become 80; Bentham, who
know sll about It, always argued that our law was Inn
posed by Che powerful Interested few and this is what
we have practically found 10 to be IN England. Every
year the English Parliament " repeating laws which
" pastors and masters" imposed upon the people, Mr.
G. w. Hastings the President 81 Council and founder Of
the Association criticised in s address, Mr.. Goschens
scheme Of making the parish tle unit ef local govern
nent hoped Mr. 6tansfeld's Local Government Board
WSud not lead to GENERALIZATION Itrouble6 Mr, ROrster
his educational administrations, wfeh has
provoked that minister to reply. Mr.. Hastings had
fling ct the Communist" having evidently MI Cob
1ens idea OF him, which always absurd to Ed4gtsh
cars have nothing OF the continental type heIen
the Communist way.
The kaw Section, which found competent Presidsnt
Mr.. Harcourt, debated many questions Of interest
Mr.. Sheen, popular solicitor in London multainedr n
against Nr Bereant that universities could tessh
aw that there scientific law to teach" The Law
Section dla much useful work The Education Section
hu fha nf Of
and becoming manners, always O popular depart
ment There were ladies of the ordorwhich George
Henry LewsA used to- describe "boRY priestcsses,
learned all the 'osgtes and destitute OF hips"
features whiSh would been unnoced had they not
drawn attention to them BY semimasculine modes of
attire whena largo lady small hat, it was
her not TO sttract attensn to herface
Tho Section o.. Economy and Trade had Geyersl popular
days Mr.. NoMmarch, he President, made the ablest
address deyeSsd during tho Congress to the sections
u presented tAe most perfect and condensed viswof
English Political EconDDy, with all its European here
,ies, which hes been rendered for q long timn 1t
was marked with something OF tho considerations
Of Lord BIuugham. Many Of those anremembered
unnoted persens and agencies, by which Social Econ
,my is advanced, were named. Mr.. Newmarch. gaye
prominence to tAetopnieus Of Mr. Wells, without dong
.s he might ,ay haVe done adequate Justice to the
views contained upon thu question Of Fon Trade by tho
esding statesman Of America. No arguments ever
larry ought 10 iceIry na conviction unless they Ia
,uded the fullest and Unrest statement Of the Of
he opponent. Ens. NeWmarch Ia not q to, shrink
tren this did include the American views in
address, take into account tho personal poston
n Mr.. David Wells, which, in the opinion Of lmercan
eaders will be IArt OF the argument. Mr.. Nswmarch
Of the abest presidents Of oscons in tie
IA which Dr. RolestDn distin Ruiahed himself at the
meetings Of theah Association Of koeping the
.eCtion not onwelhin hand and the speakers relevant
Eothe questions hn debate, but interpreting the purport
papers to those WIN heard thsh and any speakers
likely to haTes new opnious to express ere given.
courteous orportuzitF Of addressing the section.
Mr. George Potter, the we known Trades ynonist do
vered the best spsee he has made the subject
of Union poliey ma William N1ttan Of CAdham, who
may deSc<bed asthe statistisan Of cooperation the
manager Of the GREAT Wholesale Society of Manchester
made speeches Of somemark, the characteristic
Of which was stroaG talk diroot decisive ornamanted
and aboundn6 m perfectly iReligble srthmetioafaots.
He said the working clAsa were unwilling to reoeive
cottage and hause building. Those Of them
who oo6Perators had learned how to build houses
for Themselves The average profit Of cooperative socie
ties was eight per cant This thS could invest n
Gotten spinning and other buSness and mako 2i Dor
cent The Bun Min al Oldham Q cooperative concern.
had paid le1 per cent for x years. and in the quarter
Just ended 1t had realized 10 cont AfteI their
parence cooperative workiDgmen no employer would
venture to tell them that capital insuaently paid
There was quite an inundation Of public meetings-
Temperance, desUnions, Cooperation, Educa-
tion in India, the PermiSsiSe bill, workingmen's
clubs Young Mems Christian Associations. vOrkmen's
meengs and the irrepressible Contagious Diseases acts
At one Of the Cooperative meetings Mr. Nuttal gave
ssemAnt Of the financial results Of co6pera
tion in oldham tine town snce represented by Cobbet
and subsequently by w. Fox the famous orator Of the
AntiCorn Law League and predecessor of Mr. Moncure
Conway In the southplaee Pulpit, London.
Mr. Nuttall said that In Oldham they had over 1000
members of cooperative societies They had FIVE large
libraries In the town. and they had conversation rooms
In which they met daily to discuss political and other
versaton They had capital Of 100000 In their
six cooperative stores they had Investments In II df