davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
SPECIAL NOTICES.

Let Common Sense Decide.-What is the
rational mode of procedure in cases Of gene
raj debility and nervous prostration2 Does
not reason tell us that judicious stimulation
is required? To resort to violent purgation in
such case is as absurd as it would be to bleed
a starving man. Yet it is done every day.
Yes, this stupid and unphilosophical practice
is continued in the teeth of the great fact that
physical weakness. with all the nervous dis
turbances that accompany it. is more GER
tainly and rapidly relieved by Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters than by any other medicine
at present known. 1t is true that general de-
bility is often attended with torpidity or ir-
regularity Of the bowels. and that this symp-
tom must not be overlooked. But while the
discharge Of the waste matter Of the system is
expedited or regulated, its vigor must be re-
cruited. The Bitters do both. They combine
aperient and ambitious properties, with ex-
traordinary tonic power. Even while remoy-
ing distractions from the bowels, they tone
and invigorate those organs. Through the
stomach, upon which the great vegetable spe-
cifc acts directly. it gives healthy and per-
manent impetus to every enfeebled function.
Digestion is facilitated, the faltering circula-
ton regulated, the blood reinforced with
new accession Of the alimentary principle. the
nerves braced. and all the dormant powers Of
the system reused into healthy action; not
spasmodically. as would be the case if mere
stimuIaut we're administered, but for a con-
tinuance. II is in this way that such extraor-
binary changes are wrought in the condition
Of the feeble. emaciated and nervous invalids
by the use of this wonderful corrective. alter
alive and tonic. Let common sense decide
between such preparation and a prostrating
cathartic supplemented by poisonous astrin-
gent like strychnine or quinia.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

All notices of meetings Of any organ
lied institution will be published at fifty
cents in advance, or if charged, one dol
lar. for each insertion, if the same does
not exceed one square. 7
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

RAISE your right arm, sharply urged
the clerk of a Portland court as a wit
ness elevated his left to take the oath.
The man obeyed. and up went an empty
sleeve. what belonged in It having been
left at Bull Run. The clerk at once be-
came very gentle.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
ESSAYS.
THE BRIDAL CHAMBER.

ESSAYS FOR YOUNG MEN, ON GREAT
~ Social Evils and Abuses. which interfere
with Marriage-With sure means Of relief for
the erring and unfortunate. diseased and de-
hilitated. Sent free, in sealed envelopes.
Address HOWARD ASSOCIATION, No. 2 S.
Ninth street, Philadelphia. Pa. 65-lB
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
Attachment Notice.
Ferguson 4 Privett |
We.
d. G. gawin A Smith.

d. C. sawin & Smith.
A TTACHMENT HAVING BEEN ISSUED
y by me in the above entitled cause. on the
ground that the defendants are nOn-residents
Of the State Of Tennessee. and the same having
been returned by the proper officer, levied,
ETC., the defendant viii take notice that this
next. At 10 o'clock An, before me, Justice
Of the Peace for Shelby county, Tennessee. at
my ONCE in the city Of Memphis. when and
where the defendant can appear and defend
eL parte; and Z i further ordered that this
notice be published once a week for four sue
cessive weeks in the Public Ledger, a news
paper published In the city Of Memphis,
69-75-sl-s7 S. A. MOORE, J. P.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
srEAM-F1rr1se at 3l5 Second st. A

ANY of our country friends IN need Of
a cheap and good press will do well to
read advertisement under For Sale "
head.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
Read This.

If you
Want cook,
Want situation,
Want salesman,
Want a servant girl,
Want to rent a store,
Want to sell piano,
Want to sell horse,
Want to buy horse,
Want to buy house,
Want to rent house,
Want to lend money,
Want to sell a patent,
Want TO sell a carriage,
Want a boarding place,
Want 10 borrow money,
Want 10 find an address,
Want 10 sell a house and lot,
Want to find stTayed animal.
Want to sell a piece of furniture,
Want to buy a secondhand carriage,
Want to find anything you have lost,
Want to find an owner for anything
found,
For few cents you can tell thousands
of people through the columns Of the
PUBLIC LEDGER, some of whom will be
sure to have what you ask for, or know
where you can get it. Try 1t and see.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

FORESTS Juniper Tsr-For Coughs. Groups.
Hoarseness, WhOOping Cough. Splitting Blood.
Bronchitis. and all diseases Of the lungs.
Parties purchasing should be careful. as there
are two or three eounterfeits resembling the
genuine calculated to mislead all in want Of
this preparation. The. genuine is warranted.
or the L oney refunded; and this is prepared
By DR.. JANIS Mason FoRREsr Co.. since
1852. Price reduced to thirty-ave sents.
GOODYEAR 4 HILLS,
s-I1-t 81 Main st.. Sole Agents, Memphis:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

Genuine Gravel Roofing, by BAR
thOIOmew a Allen, IS North Court
street. ll9-t
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

CURES ALL CHRONIC AND SPECIAL
~ diseases in a short time, either in male or
female charges low fees; uses No Mercury.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

An infallible remedy for all Obstructions Of
the " Monthly Periods" from colds or other
causes. a certain cure; Il is WOman's best
dress. with full and complete directions. etc.
For sale only at DR.. G. A. Bohannan's Office,
No. 6ls North Fifth street. St. Louis. No.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12


An. Pm. Al. f.1-
Il.5O7 40 JMemphisk Ohio R. R. 2-SD SO
II 80 u Twice Daily e-5
(Msmphis Charleston
$50 r. R-DAily- lz.lo
Mississippi 4 Tennes
ma see r. R.-DAily.
lMsnphis l. Little Rock
HI e R-Daily.
Miss river 70 Helensk
81 Friar'k P't-dsily. 10
iYicksburgttri-weekly)
Mon, Thurs, Sat-
miss river "a St.Louis
81 Mon. and Thurs.
( White River-Semi-
8 lWeekly-Tues. i Sat.
JArk'sriver. tri-weekly
s Mon. Wed. Friday.
Marion (tri-veeklyl-l
10 Mon, We'd, Fri. 10
Cuba, Tennessee
l2Ll weekly-Priday. l2.D
(ByhAlia&0liye Branch
81 Tues. and Fri. DO
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
k.l3g3sl5!3S!!sa

Cures all diseases caused
by self-abuse, viz Spermd-
torrhea, Seminal Weak
ness, Night Emissions,
Loss Of Memory, Unirersal
Ldssitude, p aims IN the
Back, Dimness Of Vision,
Premature OM Age, Weak
Nerues, Difficult breathing,
Pale C0untendnoe, HSd'a-
iity, Consumption, and all
diseases that follow as o
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
MEMPHIs POSTOffNE.

OryruF HouRs--PR0H A N. 10 6P-E.s SUNDAY
PROE 70 l0A
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

- DR.. b. sends his Treatise on Special
Diseases EkEE to any address. which fully
explains the nature. causes, symptoms, ETC.,
Of Spermatorrhea, syphilis, etc. ldli-AW35
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12
M EDICAL.
DIR. BOHANNAN

ONCE 6I9 North Fifth ST., bet. Wash
ington avenue and Green streets.
st. Louis, Missouri.
Established I'm Sc. Louis I'm 1897
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1871-06-12

Depot at foot of Main street
Ticket Once, 2S71S Main street. one door
n'''h VI ''H' Jas. Y0NGE. Gen'l sup't.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
THE ADVERTISER.
Edge6eld, S. Co. sJune l5, 1871.
zAfairs in France.

UalES III EIdnGes n
The latest kilograms say that Paris is
perfectly. quiet and peaceable, and that
thearmy will eyacuaseIthe city in few
days. The work of2renovation has al
ready bsenbegun through the city ,ana
the, ,tradesspe have returned to thor
avocations. In the meantime, as regards
political matters, it is clear that there are
three candidates in the field; to wit, the
Republic, the Bourbon monarchy, and
the Bonapartist empire. AS to Thiers,
the present President, theworld does not
seem to trust him. It is strongly sus-
pected that he is intriguing for the resto-
ration of the cBourbons. On the other
hand, Marshal McN1ahor. the head Of the
army, is a stoutimperialist, and many
anticipate that Louis Napoleon will al
some opportune moment soon, reappeaa
in France, and that he and McMahon to
! gether will make short work of all po
litical schemes and seize again upon the
throne All three parties are intriguing
to get government into their hands
and poor France, desolated and humilia
ted, seems not to know what to do. I
will be deeply interesting to watch th'
| course of events. ;.T.,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
----------------sHcD
yhc COttnn Movement.
NEW YORK. June


The cotton movement shows contin-
ued decrease, especially in the receipts,
which are the smallest for any week since
ths height of the season. The. exports
are little below last week, but nearly
double for the corresponding week last
year. The receipts at all of the ports
,have been 2S,l36 bales, against 36, ,4O2 last
week. 40,l7S the previous week, and 45,-
0GI7 three weeks since. The total receipts
since September are 3, ,s2llsObales, against
2,7a2, $40 for the corresponding period of
tic previous year, showing an increase
of ! ,02S, S,30l in favor OF the present season.
The exports from all the ports have been
L. SS23 bales, against % ,982 last year The
total exports for. the expired portion Of
the cotton year have been 9, 1852, ,S44 bales,
against 1,9S2, ,34l for the same time last
year. Thest at all ofthe ports amounts
to 235,50S bales, against 263,SSG for the
same time last year. The stocks at all
of the interior towns amounts to l,511
bales, against 1924 last year. The stock
in Liverpool amounts to $4,000 bales,
against coz, 900 last year. The American
cotton afioat for Great Britain amounts
to 2O6, 900 bales, against 155, Olast year.
The Indian cotton afloat for Europe
amounts to 415, LAT bales, against 1913, ,1SO
last year.
The weather South has been rainy in
some sections. Severe storms visited
portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Geor-
gia, Alabama and North and South Car
olina. These have done much damage to
the growing plant, and undoubtedly de-,
creased the yield of cotton. Southern
planters have had nothing but .reverses
and drawbacks since the growing crop
was planted, and it would seem from the
weekly reports of weather that rain
enough had fallen:in the Southern States:
to deluge the whole country. These re-
ports must be exaggerated to some ex-
tent, because if true in detail, then it
would be unreasonable to expect any
thing but a total failure of the cotton
crOD - tf y
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
rGrcely at Home.

NEW YORK, June 13.-Grecly had a
grand reception from the Republican
Committee last night. He Hereasserted the
intention to do his duty, even if itinyol-
ved White House responsibility. He
spoke in severe terms Of the Ku-Klux,
which he said the Government ought to
extirpate at once and forever, and in se-
-verer andmo sarcastic condemnation
ofthe thieving carpet baggers, who plum
der and prey upon the negroes and poor
whites; while pretending to be anxious
for their education and the salvation OF
their souls. He said they were the great
est existing obstacle to Republican as
tendency in the South, and so he de-
nounced them. ~ =; 3, or,.r ,.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
The Infamous scalIiawag


A Northern exchange thus comments
en- the recent conviction of Hon. c. G.
Bowen, lately representing the Repubi-
can party of South Carolina in the halls
of Congress-: Sa'}Li 'g
Astranger, whose knowledge of our
politics was confined to such information
as might be cleaned from Republican
papers, would naturally infer that the
Hon. Mr.. Bowen is secessionist,"
"rebel," and a." disloyalist." He would
not dream that he belonged to the party
of great moral IDEAS" and was a worthy
and by no m cans singular leader of that
partyfin South Carolina. Butsuch is the
melancholy fact. He is very like the
Rev. Mr.. Whittemore, the cadetship bro
ker, Republican member Of Congress.
He differs very little from the three
prominent members OF that party recent
ly sent to the State Prison for three
Years, for stuffing the ballot-boxes in that
unhappy State. He differs only in the
character of some of his vices, and that
very little, from the members OF the Re
publican Legislature CT South Carolina
who have plnnderedl that State. of mil
lions drawn from the estates of honest
and virtuous citizens To be sure Bowen
can read and write, whereas 4 majority
of the Republicans in the Legislature OF
South Carolina cannot. . In this he has
the advantage of the rank and file. And
yet it is for the express purpose of keep
ing just such men in power at the South,
and through them controlling the cleo
tions, that the legislation Of Congress
has been shaped. 1t is for this purpose
that the Presidentof the United States
has been armed with the power Of send
ing the military forces of the United
States into the South. Such is the bitter,
remorseless and shameless treatment OF
a conqueredIp people, Such is the charac-
ter of " reconstruction" and "rcaping
the fruit of the war and such the agents
by which tits accomplished. Fitpolicy,
fit agents, for the corrupt and unprinci
pied party which tramples upon every
principle of law and decency in order to
secure its lease of power over the coun1
try .Wt-N .a.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
For the Advertiser.

Mr.. En1roR:-As all questions of pub
lie interest should be well ventilated, and
closely examined, I',have concluded to
offer some thoughts on the proposed
Railroad to Edgefeld G. 81.
The necessity Of the road is apparent
to- all. The general appearance of the
village, with its. empty hotels, closed
workshops, rotting down public stables,
&c., too mournfully proves the oft-re-
peated assertions Of your paper, that
without Railroad, Edgefield will be
given over to the moles and bats. :.
But this is shameful! especially when
men of means andlarge property-holders
in and around the village, could, by put
ting their minds and hands and means
together, soon see the "iron horse" wa.
king up old Edgefeld out of her Rip
van-Winkle sleeps and her waste places
built up again. }5iis T -
But 1 must confess that do not have
faith in the proposed road from the Pine
House via iEdgeheld to the Greenville
Railroad. That is impractical, because
off of direct line, and the exceedingly
rough country over which it twould pass
Charleston win have road from Aiken
to Ninety-Six, over, the direct line nature
has made bytJ Johnson's Depot, thence ur
the Ridge or Mathis road, as tits called
that is practical and cheap route. Be
sides, the Legislature has passed a bill
I think, chartering road from Aiken tc
Port Royal to connect with this Ninety.
Six road, and in less than ten years
Charleston and Port Royal will be CON
nected by rail with Knoxville via John
sons Depot:
Let Edgefeld take hold Of practical
question, build.a narrow gauge road tc
connect with the c. c. AR. r. neu
Col. BAcoN's race track there switch or
to that road. 1t is about five miles to the
village, and the most practical route tt
the C. G. e 4. r. 4. An arrangement
can be made to lay down one stringer o.
iron OH the c. G. & A. r. r. to fit tho
gauge of the narrow road. This can be
done with old iron, unsafe for heavy en-
gines and trains of the wide gauge road
which can be got at a mere nominal
price, and yet safe forthe light engine o.
the narrow road. But the balance Of
the narrow road from the. switch to the
village can be laid with with light iron
Let the road thus be run to- Johnsons
Depot. Then. you have railroad cen
tire, running to Knoxville, (prospectively
and in time certainly Columbia, Char
lesion, Port Royal destined to be great
city, and Augusta. ,ye ....
Besides Edgefeld would be profited
more by being terminus, than if the the
road were to pass through. Every one
knows that. Isi
Now people Of Edgofeld, go to work.
You have plan, if followed, that will
guarantee you the cheapest and In many
respects the surest prospects for a rail
road. ,.-li u. PRACTICAL.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
For the Advertiser.
FOR Lne Aufo1eiool'
Appointment of School Trustees.
=, ~ ~, a., ry,,,,.-sseYoc1o,cEp,c OEEIf,Js

Appointment of School Trustees.
s6HooE EoMSass1oNER's OFFICE
4sEdgeaeld, 8. c., June 10th, 1871.
The following are the Trustees hereby
appointed for retrospective School Dis
tricts !Edgefe1d County. Zach Town
ship wiH HSonstitute School District, viz:
Bloeker-Luke Culbreath, S. w. Mich
eoisen, Smith Brooks.
Is sD6 uias EyattL. Holmes, j. A. La
Si S1ieF, Alex. Hampton.
0olemdn's-J. W. Pitts, DIR. D. Shep-
pard, DavidsGraham.
C6oper'sEWm. Haltawanger, F. v.
Cooper, William Wilson, ...-.D
Dean's-Dr. D. C. Tompkins, A. J.
snlSIy,sJ. R. Edison. e. = !;
Es GreqslJohn Moolly, John Perlnentcr,
ss;;ty,saa3Rti..br Robert McKie, W. F. Pres:
cott, Peter Boyd! l2l 10
. aray-o. Sheppard, j. P. Bodie, Henry
Carol. r: II ,aaG u. I...sl sa-.J
Hammond-Paul F. Hammond, Mil
ledge Cooper, Jas. Wigfall. ID ] e
Hiaees-P. B. Waters, Richard Massy,
A.,Pe West. ,i5.ds / is1 ~
i .Hi6ter-Jas. Callison, Jasper Yeldell
VIM. Qparles. 70 iarJ.. ~ ::la
Hi iMeeri,oether's-W. G. Harris, ]. P
Mealing, John Wesley. a;7a 81
Motss-LemueE corley, Robt. Hughes
Paul Hollowayt, - ~, .5......
.Mo5ssys-M. n. M ;Padgett, y John lll: Daniel
Philip Dozier. .iso+ IN 80, ~
jeremiah Wise. -.
Picke,,s-D. d, Turner, Paris simkins
| w. w. Adams.
Rineha1r't4E. !: gGoggans, F.;E. Rine
hart, A. F. Langford. " 'pe
Ryan.DE. J:aH. Jennings, Ellington
Searles, s: J. Tompkins. d l.
! schultz4Frank Arnim, 8 Jas. Harling
~ s. simms. h9bgaG.9F .TsE ioistsz
Ma,Os' oteek@E!a Gaswearengin, j. L
Smith, j. d. Johnson fi5To! .f -.
5Talbert-JohnA. Barker, Robert Coch
ran, Willis Brunson. Z.
9 Wsse-J.. w. Barr, BE- Mays, J. P
Wells. 4 DaG a4 aosai
Ward-E. w. Horne, Clinton Ward
w. II. Zimmerman. l54Hla4s
Washimgto,s+T. 7. McKie, George Nix
on, J. P. Blackwell. q iya
The attention ofthe Trustees is directed
to notice from this Office, published thi
JOHN H. MoDEvITT,
if s. c. E. c.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
- 80
NeWherrY Items.

From the Herald, Of the 7th, we gather
the annexed items: =
General !Stollbrand, last Monday, re-
ceived achievements from Newbcrry
III the form Of fourteen in-volunteers
| who are to do the State some service or
The smiling banks Of the rocky Congaree
Two men, one from the 7th United
States Cavalry, and the other q suffers
clerk, decamped from Union last week
with several thousand dollars. In New
berry District they sold their horses
and procuring tickets at this depot lefl
for Walhalla, where they were captured
and brought back.
A great cry was raised some time ago
saws the Herald, that wheat was almost
totally ruined; some farmers said they
would not get back the seed which they
sowed, and perhaps there might have
been some shadow Of reason for these
complaints, but Just now we are truly
reioiced to say that the prospect is great
deal better than that. Harvesting has
commenced in earnest, and the promise
is. that the farmer will be blessed with
good crop. ,r.es .a
The national bank of Newberry was
fully organized on Saturday, the 3rd IN
slant, by the election of the following
board of directors: Robert l.. McCaugh-
rim, John b. Carwile, ]. B. Palmer, G. Z,
Scott, w. H. Webb, Y.J. Pope, j. n
Martin. r. Moorlnan, John 7. Peterson
After the election Of directors, the follow.
ing named gentlemen were elected Off
GERS of the bank: r. L. Mclaughlin
president; John b. Carwile, cashier; T.
S. Duncan, assistant cashier MessrSS
Fair, d Pope, solicitors. The capital stock
of this bank has been increased to one
hundred thousand dollars, and will be
increased to two hundred thousand dol.
lars if found necessary.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15
The Washington Patriot saws &C

TheWashington Patriot says: "Col-
onel Johnson, son Of Hon. Reverdy john
son, late marshal of South Carolina, pass
ed through this city, last night en- route
for Long Branch, to see the President in
regard to his removal. The removal OF
Colonel Johnson was brought about by
Congressman Wallace, of that State, with
the assistance of his negro colleague. It
is understood that Wallace boastsof be-
ing the instigator Of the Ku-Klux bill,
and that the appointment of his son as
marshal in place of Colonel Johnson was
the reward for the testimony ofthat party
before the joint committee of Congress,' .
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15

AIKEN Court HoUisE.-The Aiken Jour,
nal says that the new Court House is still
being pushed forward, and the parties IN
charge expect to have it ready by the next
session of Court The building IS OF
brick, and very much after the order Ct
the old Court House of Barnwell, burn burnt
during the war, though differing IN in some ONE
respects. There are six rooms for the e
different county officers on the ground
floor, three on each; side Of a passage
which extends thei whole length! OF the
building These rooms will each be ISf
good size, and seem to have plenty OF
light. The court; roomi will be- on the
second floor, and the jury rooms, vii! lat
one Of the ends of the building. IT Is the
intention Of the Commissioners, for the the
whole building toS.cost less than $lo,eoo
when completed.is .,li ized-f',s .99
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1871-06-15

s--@~goS---
MODEL KU-K The Savannah Mo,v-
ing News vouches for the truth of the
following Ku-Klux story:
About te1. miles South of Dublin, Lau-
rens County, Georgia, lives an old man and
his two sons, all strong able-bodied men,
but miserably lazy; so much so as to be a
burden upon the industrious community
in which they live. They had. planted a
leetle crap" which had obeyed the laws
Of nature and shot up above the surface
but the more strong and luxuriant grass
threatened destruction to the growing
corn. The neighbors witnessed the con-
duct of the old man and his sons-an easy
indifference to consequences and a perfect
carelessness as to the result of their crop
prospects. In the " Silly night" when
all nature slept, and no man thought Of
crossing his peaceful threshold, a horrid-
looking band of bloody heads and bare
bones might have been seen creeping
cautiously to that old mans door, Call
ing the old gentleman out, the chief, in
husky tones, announced to him that his
mission on earth was to instruct him to
plough his land. The old gentleman and
his sons, all trembling at the sight of the
unearthly visitors and their direful tones,
asked with what must they plough; would
an OK, do? YES" answered the chief
demon, anything. Assured that their
orders would be complied with, the un-
welcome Ku-Klux withdrew. The old
man and his sons gazed at each, other in
mute astonishment, evidently determined
to earn their bread in future by the sweat
of their brow. The schoolboys, in passing
by tire Grass caten farm next day, witness
ed the singular sight of theaold man
ploughing with all his might, and one OF
tie sons driving the other, who was pull
ing the plough through the matted grass
with the strength and facility Of beast
of h,,rdan .f-' s''.'., or