davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
GERMANY.
Pope -Conciliatory Reply Of Cardinal An
tonelli-The French Loan.
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD.

BERLIN, June q, 1871.
The Prusstan cross Gazette says that the G rman
government complained to the Pope OF the attitude
Of the Catholic party in the German Parliament.
Cardinal Antonell, IN reply, unequivocally dts
avowed all responsibility for or sympathy with the
course pursued by that party in Parliament.
THE FRENCH LOAN POPULAR
The French loan Is popular here, and arrange.
ments have already been made for the taking OF o
large portion OF 1t by German capitalists
THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY TO THE EMPEROR OF
AUSTRIA.
General Won Gablenz has returned to Vienna with
an autograph letter from the Emperor William IN
reply to The congratulations or the Emperor Of Aus
tria Before his departure the General received the
Grand Cross OF the Red Eagle, set In brilliants.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
Speech Of Count Beust in the
Reichstag.>
The Relations Between Austria, and Rus
sia Satisfactory.
Petition Of the Austrian Bishops to the
Emperor 10 Restore the Pope to
His Temporalities.
The Secret Service Fund-Beust Afraid OF
the International Society.
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD.

VIENNA, June 81, 1871
In the Imperial Diet yesterday Count Beust, reply
ing to speech by N. Giskra said the relations Of
the empire with the Western Powers were excellent
and there was no reason to apprehend collision
with Russia. The newspaper statements that
Russia had demonstrated against the internal
organization OF Austria were unfounded, and even
II they had been true would have received no atten-
ton at the hands OF the imperial government. The
results OF the conference upon the Euxine question
were entirely satisfactory to the government, and
the prosperity Of Austria and her authority among
the nations were greatly increased because OF her
non-partlcipation in war upon this question.
1t Is said tnat twenty-five Austrian bishops have
peti,ioned to the Emperor in favor Of tie re-estaD
lishment OF the temporal power OF the Pope, but it
Is added that they have received no answer.
PARLIAMENTARY GRANT FOR THE SECRET SERVICE.
The Austrian Delegation has voted to grant
fund Of 2oo,0 900 forms for the secret service.
Count Won Beust had asked for 81, 600 more, be-
cause OF the spread OF the International Society.
AUSTRIAN AMBASSADOR TO THE POPE TO REMAIN
The Delegation approved Of retaining the Austrian
Ambassadors at Rome and Paris after lively de-
bate.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
THE COREA.
N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~>~
Later Dispatches from Adj
miraI Rodgers.
The Expedition to Start for the
West Coast of COrea.
THE PROSPECTS DOUBTFUL.
w
Rendezvous of the Fleet; at
Nagasald.

WASHINGTON, June 81, 1871.
BY the arrival at San Francisco or the last Pacific
mail steamer from Shanghai and Yokohama, the
Navy Department received nothing later concerning
the COrean engagement.
RENDEZVOUS OF TIE VLEET
A despatch. dated May 81, is, however received
from Commodore Rodgers. reporting his arrival IN
the Colorado at Nagasaki, Jaran the rendezvous
for the Corean expedition. The flagship brought
from Wo.sung, China Minister Low. his secretaries
and suite, and accompanied nv the United
States ships Monocacy and Pal0s. The Alaska ana
Benicia, from Yokohama, which complete the expo
dictionary fleet, were found at the reIuezvoHs await
Ing the flagship.
GETTING READY TO SAIL
Admiral Rodgers announces his intention TO san
on the 18th directly TO the west coast u Corea. on
the Gava river. He states that he has VU0d
French charts, but shall not implitly derond apsA
them.
PROSPECT
Regarding the prospects OF the expedition Admit
raj Rodgers says:-"The anicipations va.g very
much as TO the reception we shall Drobabl ymees--
will hope until the facts dispel hope that W. shan
meet with success. The time has come, infer.
from what learn for the Coreans to make treaty,
and II we do not succeed now some other P0wer Or
Powers will probably be more fortunate.'
FOREIGN VESSELS AT NA6ASAKI.
At Nagasaki Admiral Rodgers found her Majes,y'8
iron-cad Ocean and transports Juno, anu the French
corvettes Duplex and Coetlogon.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
GENERAL REPORTS.
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW Yoax HERALD.

M. Theirs Denouaces Napole0n's PolIcy-The
Financial Din1culty-A Protectorate OF
Rome Dena nded-Arrests at NTarseilles.
LONDON. June 81, 1871.
The speech delivered by President Theirs in the
french Assembly yesterday denounced the policy
OF Napoleon as absurd and the real cause OF the
disasters which have befallen France. The course
pursued by N. Gambetra was excusable, though
peace ought to have been made with Germany when
success on the part OF the Army OF the Lore became
hopeless.
THE FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY.
II was. said M. Theirs, necessary to pay the Ger
man indemnity quickly. still he was nor in favor
OF the evylng OF an income the re-establish-
iishment OF measures Of prohbitory character.
but would simply re-establish a few taxes which
would provide the money necessary to meet the de-
mands upeu the country. "Prance," concluded the
President, 'should and win derive many advan-
tages from her msfortunes.n
A FRENCH PRorEcr0RATE OF ROME DEMANDED.
letter from the Archbishop OF Cambria and
Bishop OF Arras to the Assembly demanding the re.
sumption OF the French protection OF Rome has
been presented to that body.
ARRESTS AT MARsRILLEs.
number OF arrests have been made at Marseilles
for connection with the International Society.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
ACCIDENTS AND ARRAYS YES TEODAY.

At fifteen minutes past two O'Clock yesterday
afternoon Harris Miller, aged four years. residing
with his parents at No. 1853 West Forty
eighth street, was run over by soda
water wagon and received injuries from
which he died shortly afterwards. The driver,
David Clark OF 100 Sullivan street. arrested by
an onicer OF the Twenty-second precinct and Will
he beId 10 await the issue OF the CorOners inquest
Yesterday afternoon, as Bernard Elliot, OF 800
East Thirty.flrst street, ana Thomas Carr, OF All
East sixteenth street, were at work III Harness
Brothers. lumber yard In Eighteenth street, near
First avenue, pile OF lumber FELL on them, instantly
killing Carr and seriously inJuring Elliot.
Gottieb Kabe q cellar digger, residing at the cor
ner OF Seventeen street and Ninth avenue fractured
Charles Sangwebers head by hitting him with q
char. The woud-be murderer was arrested by an
officer OF the Twenty-second precinct, and the In
jured man sent to Bellevue Hospital In an ambu-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
POLITICS IN MARYLAND.

Grnnt and Cameron Club Formcd-PInf~
form Adopted-A "Ncw Departure" for the
Republicans Of the Country.
BALTIMORE June 90, 1871.
The HERALD being the only live paper IN tho
United States, and read from ocean ocean by all
peoples Of whatever race, nation color, the
unanimous request OF It's members that the HERALD
be furnished with the fact that o Grant and Came
ron Club-the first In the country-had been formed
in Maryland with Its headquarters In the city Of
Baltimore. The details OF its organization are
omitted, as. well as the names OF It's subordinate
officers. suffice 1t tnat the club chose for Its per.
, manent President Mr.. Samuel >. Bair, Superin-
tendent Of the Baltimore division North Carolina
Railroads. man Of great personal influence among
the politics Of the country. What, perhaps, IS OF
more interest to the voters OF America Is It's plat
form, winch Ii given as Iollows:-
THE PLATFORM.
whereas harmony the vital element of party organization
strength energies lukewarm nvgorales
and rsawakens the Indifferent and common pur
tory and whereas this such 10 those
as ae and Club Of
no SnS w aa avn ] n
ton which the party has imposed its iaitn
Il. is u Rnn e Convene
Of s
lure" the settled principles of the party
ana
/
of the standard of the choice
thousands viii orally agan"and to urge that choice
vigorously and pointedy emincny thc for
the party throughout The country and preemnenty that Of
the republicans of Maryland this
binds Itself hold It's
labor with earnest viii and sincere and there
fore be II
Resolved That this association the parent club OF tho
State makes known its unqualified preference, choice
without ' or 'but "prenxn ani1," for the Hon.
U. s. Grant President Of States 1872 ana
voice 10 the unsokcn wish and will Of large majority
o American people.
declaration gratifes
the merits OF soldier who, from the rst gun fought
fighting the nations peace that appre
citation administration closing with h0nors,
pte with benefits the people, redoundng his oounsys
lame and stamps the gratitude which such choice will
manifest a shining virtue OF the republic
That association its prefer
and invests its choice with all tho pledges
ganzaton for the Hon Simon Cameron OF Pennsylvania,
for the United 1872 axis
less than its first choice the will OF the majority the
Resolved That ths declaration prominently presents the
the nation but marked In the OF s trials
and tribulaons foremost and most active OF us do
tenders.
noushed it, vigor and secured m victories from the
beginning.
his claims confined HIS traits private citizen,
have developed
State elected him by universal consent the great
patron Of Internal Improvement has made his name
onymous with the material progress OF the
Resolved That y Maryland republicans the Of Simon
Cameron peculiarly acceptable not alone within the
the attracts adherens outside, Identified wuh
best and allied to the states prosperity.
Resolved association cordially invites To It's
bershp and cooperation all who will subscribe cordially
the harmony of the party who Will adopt the rules OF the
either favor win IL j0t from
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD.

KINGSTON, Ja.,- June 81, 1871.
The rector OF Montego Bay refuses to obey the
Diocesan Council and the Bishop has requested the
authorities to remove the rector The rector charges
the bishop, before the Archbishop OF Canterbury,
with heresy. on the ground that he is the
author Of a book entitled 'The Future State" The
whole Church Of the island OF jamaica under the
DisestaDlished Church law, Is In confusion, ana
lawyers have been called for consultation by the
Governor.
The Courts have ordered new trial In the case Of
Captain Dixon.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
+ r A N G E.
Favorable Reception of Theirs
Financial Exhibit.
PROSPECTS OF TEE NEW LOAN.
Progress Of the Political Cam
paign.
JEROME-DAVID MOBBED.
,Accessions to the Republican
Union Of the Press.
MANY ARRESTS I'M LA vILLETTE
Napoleon's Policy Denounced
by M. Theirs.
THE CLERICALS MOVING.
A PrOtectOrate Of Rome by
France Demanded.
.Napoleon's Policy Denounced
by M. Theirs.
THE CLERICALs MOVING.
"A PrOtectOrate Of Rome by
France Demanded.
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD.

VERSAILLES, June 81, 1871.
The speech Of M. Theirs has produced an excellent
impression in consequence of the clearness of his
financial statement and the announcement that two
hundred millions OF francs would be set apart
ally for the sinking fund.-
SUCCESS ANTICIPATED.
1t is anticipated that the French loan Will be q
complete success
THE COURTS MARTIAL.
The courts martial will not. it is now believed,
meet before the elections
POSTAL AND TELEGRAPHIc ARRANGEMENTS.
The French postal service has been entirely
tabshed. While the Geographic service not yet
been restored, kilograms relative to the loan
cepted In part the Treasury ONCE and transferred
TO the Palace d'Industrie.
ARRESTED.
M. Maret formerly editor Of the Mot dOrdre, has
been arrested. rs 49, 80 ~. ( ss y,
MANIFESTO OF THE REP UBLIcAN LEFT
The manifesto OF the republican left contains fifty
signatures, including that OF NJ. Barthelemy ST.
.Hilaire.
HOW PYAT EsCAPED.
The GdulOts says N. Pyat is in London, and that
he MADE his escape from Paris by means OF the
passport OF Bavarian oflcer.
PATRIOTIC OFFERINGS PROPOSED
IL Is proposed to have boxes inscribed "For the
deliverance Of the country placed In all the
mairies churches, stations and theatres the contri
buttons thereto to be devoted the payment OF the
war indemnity.
TO BE OPENED.
The galleries Of the museum of the Louvre will be
opened next Sunday.
CANDIDATES FOR BORDEAUX.
despatch from Bordeaux says the conservatives
have presented their candidates for the assembly
NM. Montesquieu and Renan and that the legiti-
mists have nominated Zeseze. General Merau and
II. Gallois are the Orleanist candidates.
INsULTED.
MN. Jerome David and Bonvle were nsulted by
q mob out fortunately sust aimed no injuries.
LANDS FOR REFUGEES.
The ASSEMBLY have adopreded a resolution In
favor OF granting lands In Algeria refugees from
AlSace and Lorraine.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
PARIS ACCOUNTS.
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD.

ltlt6kAM ~ Inc NEW IuhA nehAlU.
Tho Approaching Elecrion-Iauy Arrests
Dumas Congratulated-The Figaro Seized.
PARIS, June q, 1871.
The journals to-day all discuss the approaching
elections for the Assembly.
ANTIMoNARcHIAL.
The Sece condemns the re-establisnment OF q
monarchy.
Numerous arrests have been made in La vilette.
DUMAS CONGRATULATED.
Dumas upon the article recently written by him for
the press favor OF the continuance Of the republic.
SEIZED.
The Figaro has been seized at st. Denis.
The Republican Union-Thanks to u Humani-
tarian-TriRls Of Prominent Communists-
Tobacco Mandatory Removed.
PARIS, June q, 1871.
The Apenf- National and Nation Souperaine have
Joined the union OF the republican press.
THAMES TO HUMANITARIAN.
Minister Favre, In a circular to the representa-
lives Of France abroad expresses the profound graft
tude OF the for the services rendered by
Count Havigny. President Of the Society for Aid to
the Wounded.
WON'T LET 1T REAPPEAR.
Preside n THEIRS refuses to permit the reappear-
ance OF the Peuple Francois Of the journals
suppressed by the government before the lnsurrec.
ton.
RoCHEFoRTs, RossELs AND LULLIER's TRIALS.
The trial OF Henri ROchefort VIII commence on
Monday next. and the trials OF Rosse and Lullier
will Immediately follow. The court martial before
which these cases come for trial Will sit In the
Palace OF Justice at Versailles.
REMOVED.
The srasbourg tobacco mandatory has been
transferredG0 DuOn.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
TELEGRAM TO The NEW YORK HERALD.

LONDON June q, 1871.
The census OF England, Wales and Ireland is
completed, The population OF England and Wales
ia officially stated at about 22 ,O00 and that OF
Ireland at about 100000.
GENERAL scHENCK TO MAKE HIS FIRST BOW TO THE
QUEEN.
The American Minister General Robert O..
schencK, will present his credentials TO the Queen
on Friday.
THE MARQUIS OF RIPoN.
The Gazette Of to-day announces oficially the
elevation OF the Earl de Grey to the MarQulsate of
Ripon.
TIE LITTLE SHIP CITY OF RAGUsA.
fhe little ship City OF Ragusa, from New YORK
bound to Liverpool, was spoken mo date) in latt.
tude 4s, longitude 80.
REPoRTED LOSS OF AN ENGLISH STEAMER.
The steamship Collingwood, from Liverpool for
Bombay is believed to have foundercd at sea with
all on board, thirty in number.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
BELGIUM.
Order Restored in Brussels Excitement Not Yet
Over Much Ink Shed Between the
Radical and Clerical Papers
TELEGRAM TO the NEW YORK HERALD.

LONDON, June 81, 1871
Dispatches from Belgium announce that no dis
turbances have taken place since yesterday and that
order has now been restored in Brussels.
The excitement of the populace is however. far
from having subsidized, but the arrival of large
body Of troops overawes the Internationas, and
WILL it is confidently expected prevent further out
breaks.
newspaper war U.s. however, being carried on
between the radical ana clerical organs.
RELEASE OF THE PRISONERS.
The greater part Of the members Of the Inter.
national Society who have been arrested Will be
released. The remainder will be tried.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
MEXICO.
A New Line Of Steamers Between Matamoros
and Sisal-M Miscellaneous News
TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD.

CITY OF MEyIcO, June IA,
VIA KINGSTON, June II, 1s7Irj
Governor Bussamente, Of the district OF Mexico.
died suddenly.
A concession has been granted to Colonel Lever
to enable him to establish line OF steamers to rum
along the coast from MatamorOs 20 Slsal.
The opposition to Massey's lottery scheme has
ceased. The former opponents are now supporting
It. and there Is every probability Of grand success
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
THE NEW DOMINION.

Sailing or the British Flying Squadron from
Halifax.
HALIFAX, N. s., June 81, 1871.
The British flying squadron, consisting Of the
Narcissus Voltage, Cadmus, Pyades and lmmor-
tae sailed yesterday for Gibraltar, where it VIII be
Joined by the Aurora end Cossack from England.
The Plyades VIII then proceed TO London.
To-day being tho anniversary o: the settlement
OF Halifax, Il wiz be observed - public holiday
In the city.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
VIEWS OF THE PAST.

JUNE o.
1s6i-Second days fighting along the Weldon Ran
road. Virginia. ended In the repulse OF the
Union troops
1sl5-Emperor Napoleon abdicated In favor OF ma
son.
1679-Battle OF Boutwell, Bridge, Scotland; tho
Covenanters defeated by the English troops
under Monmouth.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

BUCHAREST, June II, 1871.
government loan OF u, 1000 o0of., secured By the
property Of the crown Of Roumania, is about to be
put ON the market
ADDRESS TO PRINCE CHARLES.
the Roumanian Senate has voted an address TO
the Crown. the address expresses confidence In
the governmel: OF Prince ChArles
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

LoSpos MONEY MARKEr.-LoNDoS, June 2l-As9O p
Consos closed At a5 both money and the account
United States nvetwen,y bonds, 1867 scA 1855, old, so
PARIS MONEY NARK.r.-PARIs, June 2o-Evenng
Rentcs closed at 81 francs ~ cenmes
FRASHroRr MoSrY MARKEr.--FRANKFoRr, June 10
ngusied States nvetweniy bonds oiossd At s6h
96x FOR the issue OF 1852. .
4y0 r: The market closed quiet and steady middlns
been 1900 baic Including 400 for export and
specuon Sales OF cotton at nearly due from ssvAa
Charleston, have been made gl6d for mlddlzg
The transactions In cotton 10 arrive are small
LIVERPOOL Provisions MARKKT.--LtvFRPOof, Juno
2-Purk l7s Sd per bbL for nne western prime mess.
THE COTTON MOVEMENT. -.
LIvERPoor, June Il, l7l.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
TIE WEATHER YESTERDAY.

The following record viii show the changes In the
temperature for the past twcntyfour hours in com.
parison with the corresponding day Of last year. as
indicated by the thermometer at Hudnut's phar.
macy HERALD building, corner OF Ann street,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

Died.
HuGHEs.-In Brooklyn, on wednesday, June n
JAMES HUGHES, In the 10Th year OF his age.
The relatives and friends OF the family are re-.
uuestcd to attend the funeral on saturday alter,
noon at two o'clock, from hts late residence, I50
State street.
[FUr other Deaths see Eighth Pa0e.l
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
ROUMANIA.

A New Loan Secured by the Crown Domains
Address Of the Senate
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
GREECE.

The Refusal Of Turkey to Receive the Greek En-
voy-Greece to Blame for the Difficulty.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
JAMAICA.

Clerical squabbles Wholly unimportant Except
to the Parties Concerned.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
1rlEeSAms TO TINE NEW YORK HERALD.

ATHENS, June 81, 1871.
The refusal by the Sublime Porte TO receive M.
Trlcoupis "a Ambassador from Greece has caused
great irritation against Turkey the part Of the
journals and people OF Athens.
RANaABE IN REQUEST.
The Porte requests that M. Rangabe be retained
as Greek Ambassador to Constantinople.
Inconsistent Conduct Of the Greek Govertment.
LONDON, June q, 1871.
It has transpired that previous TO the appoint
ment ofM Trcoupis Minister to Constantnople the
Greek government inquired whether the selection
would be agreeable TO the Porte, and was answered
In the negative.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

Among the recent arrests are tnose-of NM Janyier
and Delamotte.
BONAPARTIsT CONGRESS-.
The Independence Beige announces that Bona
partst Congress will be held at Brussels, to be
presided over by NJ. Rouher.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
ENGLAND.

The Census Of England, Wales and Ireland
Presentation Of the American Minister
to the Queen-Kaiser William
to Kaiser Francis Joseph.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

A Hurricane and Destruction Of the Cotton
Cropss
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

BOMBAY, June 81, 1871.
A hurricane has destroyed the cotton crop OF the
country around the town Of Banda, in the district
OF Sorat The loss is estimated at hall q milion
sterling and It will take years for the planters to
recover from the blow.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

AveraRe temperature yesteTUHy
Average temperature for corresponding date
last year. .............,......
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
THE EMPEROR AND EMPRESS OF BRAZIL
Reception Of Their Majesties at Lisbon-Their
Future Movements


LONDON June 81, 1871.
the Emperor and Empress OF Brazil. whose ship
has been performing quarantine at the Lazaretto,
in the Tagus, landed at Lisbon on Tuesday and met
an enthusiastic reception. They 60 to Madrid on
Thursday, and will soon afterwards proceed to
London.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22
SWITZERLAND.
The Model Republic" Aiming.
TELEGRAM TO THE new YORK HERALD.

BERNIE, June II, 1871.
The Swiss Federal Council have asked the AS
semby for an additional credit of T. Ot0 francs to
enable the government to complete the armament Of
the republic.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

MADRID June Fl, 1871.
Despite his resignation Senior Moret remains in
the Cabinet until the close Of the debate upon the
budget.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

TELEGRAM TO the NEW YORK HERALD.

Senior Moret to Remain Little While Longer.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

A-FOr a stylish and Elegant Summer Haa
10 10 EsPENCHEfD, Manufacturer. 1lS Nassau street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1871-06-22

TELEGRAM 70 THE NEW YORK EaAlN
BuENos AYREs May 49,
Via LONDON June II. 1S71,D
The yellow fever Is disappearing, and the city
begins once more to an appearance OF activity.