The New York herald., 1871-10-27

LECTUkE By SECHETAkI BOUTWELL,.
Present Questions Affecting Public Prosperity
The Errors 0f the LaborinG Glasses The
Tenure Of Lands-A Hit at Railroad Mo-
uopo,ics-Our shipping Interests-LOOking
Toward Specie Payments.
BOSTON, Oct 90, 1871.
Hon. George S. Boutwell, delivered lecture
this evening in the Bay State at Music Hall
to very large audience. lie was greeted with en-
husiasuc applause. His subject was "Present
Questions Affecting Public Prosperity" After
o few preliminary remarks in Introducing his
subject he SAID that within the last two
decades two great events have taken place
the emancipation OF the serfs and the eman.
cipation oil the slaves. In 1870 those formerly
slaves were living In ignorance and poverty, and
yet in spite OF all this they produced 100000 bales
Of cotton against 100000 while slavery existed.
The speaker said he would consider some OF the
ERRORS WHICH THE LABoRING AEN COMMIT.
ana nvst, they look to labor organizations for
general and permanent good. These or.
ganizations are not to be denounced, and
they have the right to say what the price OF
labor should be; but the good accomplished by
this Is only temporary. Second they spend too
much time In considering whether they should labor
six, eight or ten hours day. AS the employers
come 10 ascertain their interests this viii be set
tied. In the mines and in unhealthy pursuits the
man should perhaps labor.but six hours q day; but
In other enployments, where health and life are
| not endangered, the man can work greater num-
| ber OF hours. They commit wrong-not an
! error merely, but great wrong-when
| they attempt to dictate 10 The employer
| the number OF hours they are to labor
or the trade one must adopt. Cannot youth be
stone mason he chooses Is it not the right OF
young man 10 enter any pursuit he pleases without
Sfistp,aay Sfs nag fo9R fo4 u justice and
that Is by co operation. There are two kinds or
operation. one is among themselves and the other
s IN relation TO tne employers ., II you
be accepted IN q cooperative organization,
some would pe rejected; and II you would go TO the
employers the same result would transpire. What
does II meanY 1t means that some persons are not
capable to work for the benefit OF men through co.
some who must be elevated to the benefits re.
ceivcd by cooperation. Ihis can be produced by
elevate the labouring classes. Is by education in
public schools supported by general taxation The
schools that are supported In any other way are
Mr. Boutwell, then referred to another subject Of
TaE TENURE OF LAND.
In England the opinion is strong tnat man should
not cultivate a tenure OF land without being pro-
prietor. If all the population OF the United States
we're crowded into Texas and all other parts OF the
country left unpopulsted there would not be
there are In Massscnusetrs. why should any man,
because ne happens TO be In the possession OF land
should be put when he is deadS Your laws should
forbid man saying by testament or other means
Another evil in relation to the land question is
THg POWER AND PRACTICE OF RAILROAD COMPANIES
TO purchase land which is not necessary for the
business OF the road. Why should railroad compa.
pies be permitted to BUY coal regions and prevent
people from getting a livelihood from owning the
land and reaping some OF the benefits from IT'S
products An incident evn is that the rail-
road companies are able 10 invest their sur
plus profits without the knowledge OF the public.
he then proceeded TO discuss transportation, first
BY railroads and then by ships. ne believed the
about Gffy Thousand miles and was established TO
se pnD isd s s hey sRd seep 4 'r oWa 9a
to their iegitimate business, and that they
sSn na eng a the Of Fry
pToprietors. There is one. point on which the
laporng man Is concerned In England para.
persons a certain distance from the city for one
smiling, and there should be such law in Boston,
establish FOR himself home away from the dirty
rBE INTERNAL INTERESTS
OF this country are fifteen times as great as those OF
IL external commerce. There are in the West
shipped East ana it is important that it should be
done at the very lowest cost, az 1t increases The
West, and 10 man win doubt the propriety OF this
principle. Mr.. Boutwell, then referred to
THE TBASSPoRTATIoS ny WATER
10 Other COMMITTEES remafktng that 1t was dep,or.
able iact that Of the one hundred and forty mer.
chant VesSels mat sail between this country and
Europe not one was nnder the American nag,
Great Britain Is taking possession Of the commerce
or the world. This IS Illuminating. How
is II 10 lie reinedied? No more wooden
ocean ships ought 10 be built. Sailing vessels
bniit OF IRON are no longer wanted, aud
the only vessels tiIat can compete with other COM
merce are IRON steamships. He spoke OF the advan
tage we nave over England in our iron, as being
Ten per cent bctter, and referred 10 the navy ID
nov s claiming That II is Larger for the purposes OF
peace Than is necessary. the question Is not as to
me SIZE or armament Of vessel at Mex
II sas represents 10000, 900 people, who
Will not ask anything wrong, nor will they submit
10 anything wrong. lie then referred 70 the sugges-
tion tnat N the duties on some OF the materials
for building ships were removed we would be re-
neved, claiming 70 some extent that IL would be so
but that II would necessitate the removing OF the
not afford 10 40 that. We are looking 10
EPkCIE PAYMENTS,
and would II not be well, said the speaker n the
transportation OF our products 10 ana fr0 was in
the hands OF American shipbnildersf He spoke
upon The subject OF the public debts, which, In Eu.
rope, were increased at fearful ratio.
the debts OF Europe and the United States
Few years since amounted TO 81, 900, COO 0OO.
TO-DAY they reach }z3, ,OOo, 600 900. lie argued
Ngainst the project OF posiponing the pay
rsent Of the debt, thinking IL was best 10 grapple
with II now and give the capitalists sharp rap for
endcavorlng 10 shrk as they sometimes do, their
real Share OF the burden. lie closed with some cy-
cellenS ADVICE 10 the young who are 10 rule this
country when II contains 100 0C0 900 people warn
ing them Sganst some Of the mistakes men IN lDe