The New York herald., 1871-11-01
r y S S ! A !
MILITARY STRENGTH OF THE EMPIRE.
DIFFICULTIES OF INVASION.

DIFFICULTIES OF INVASION.
The Network Of Strategieal Railroads Through
ont the Cars DOminiOns
AEERIcA ALWAYS FRIENDLY.
ST PETERSBURG Sept. 20, 1871.
General Fadejew. an oficer who has grown gray
in the service OF his country published soon after
the close or the Austrian campaign book, pur-
porting to expose several errors in the fundamental
system of the organization OF the Russian army, and
suggesting suitable reforms The book, as may be
imagined, created great surprise and brought down
quite an avalanche OF opposition. The General,
nothing daunted, has further exposed his 0fanion
and replied to his critics in series Of pamphlets
which serve at the same time as supplements to his
first work. Both the book ana these pamphlets
were originally printed in the Russian language;
consequently General Fadeyew has failed to attracr
much attention beyond the limits or the Russian
empire. One OF the pamphlets. entitled
'THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORIENTAL QUESTION:
deserves especially to be mentioned, as nothing
seems better calculated to convey an idea how far
this interesting question dominates the popular
mind. have extracted therefrom few OF the
more salient points and transmit them herewith.
The General says that his object had not been to
treat the mere abstract question touching the num-
ber oil soldiers that Russia can send into the fed,
but that he desired to expose the more practical
portion OF the question, namely, what forces are re-
quired or necessary to take the neld ana then he
goes on TO expose the popular error which led to the
belief that the western borders OF Russia needed not
to be taken into account whenever The Gar should
be called upon to make an end OF tns Eastern Ques-
tion. In rcfating the assertion that the campaign
Of 1854 Afforded sufficient evidence to prove the ab
OF all danger In the west the General advances
the following
FHst-A coalition was proposed by the En-
peror Napoleon-Austria hesitated during few
days only. 1t required however, but little addi-
tlonal pressure at thar time and we should have
seen France. Austria and Italy united against US,
not 10 speak OF Prussia, whose government was at
that period In state Of unconsciousness on the
Eastern question.
Second-England alone was determined TO keep
the Polish question separated from the connict In
the East; H. therefore, the sea. OF war mas been
was not solely due TO the resolve or the great
Powers IN the West. 1t depended on Austria to
alone me s' ea reach
Thtrd-we desisted from opening nostlities in the
matum proposed BY Austria We submitted TO q
sscr's oinerwse the main battles woud
CALCULATIONS.
''In making my calculations" continues General
FadeJcw, 81 did not consider what has been done,
but what ought 10 have been done provided we had
not waived the hold we had ON Austria and there
with Withdrawn our demands.n
The General says:-.sNo barometer so plainly deter
mines the state OF the weather as the position of
the oriental question can determine the degree OF
enuisy OF Austria. To England and to France It
is q mere question OF political import but to
Austria the East presents question Of actual exist
ence SO IL Ia to US, but In an opposite sense" a
HISTORICAL EVENTS.
He then refers to the alliance made In 1855
between Joseph IL and the Empress Catherine IL,
for the purpose OF conquering, dividing and regen-
Grating Turkey. Following historical events up to
the year 1851. he says that to all appear
ances-at least outwardy-no change had
taken place in the position which the old alliances
SO clearly depicted. Prussia. although disposed to
be dissatisfied with the provisions OF the Treaty OF
1851, did not forsake her old ally. But It is more
than questionable whether Napoleon would have
. dared to come forward in the bold manner he did
unless he had possessed the certainty OF being
backed up BY Austria. The incendary demonstra-
tons made by the French Emperor. which tended
to inclte other great Powers, would have been
answered by march on Chalons; but Napoleon
knew full well that the "Holy Alliance" would of1er
would be trampled upon. II at that period word
In season had fallen from the parties adhering to
the Holy Alliance. England would have In
stantly withdrawn from the contest. sin the
abse nee OF guarantee, the French demon
str atiOns In 1853 would have appeared senseless,
and, taking all into consideration, Is not difficult
to come TO the conclusion that on Austria alone and
not on France the blame attaches Of having brought
about the coalition OF 1864 Whatever may be said TO
the contrary the lacts unless frauds introduced
not be changed. Austria deemed II prudent to keep
allied Powers from their obligations towards her,
and by doing so compelled the Russian forces 70 re-
tire behind the line OF the Pruth.o
The Austrian government General Fadeiew says
showed the greatest amount Of opposition at the con-
now come TO decisive blow and end forever snGSa 3Ta
everlasting question In the East II may be per-
twice in the same manner ana it is for the second
time that Austria has made attempts In that direc-
ton."
ITO decide concluslvey the fate OF Turkey 1t suf
fees, irrespective OF what may be done by the mari
time Powers TO march with 10000 men straight to
the Bosphorus, and to place 250, 900 men along the
line OF the Danube. There would be no difficulty In
force large enough to cooperate on the Baltic on
the borders OF the Black Sea and in the Caucasus.
Powers In reaching not only the Balkan but even
Constantinople, before they are aware OF II. SUP
believe 1t possble-to meet US under the walls OF
Constantinople with force such as they assembled
In 1854-namey, $4,000 men-they could not defeat
100000 Russians, no matter how large the TurkIsh
army, for at such juncture no regiments OF Turk
ish regulars would exist Long before the European
the winds"
PUBLIC OPINION IN RUSSIA.
need not extract more than the foregoing 20
show plainly the spirit or General Fadejews argu-
ment. The language ha holds is a fair sample OF
public opinion among Russians. certain portion
OF the press follows III the strain, while others
using every endeayor tH gloss matters over. NO
one knows the resolve Of the Emperor, nor does any
IN np a w.
country is prepared 10 wage war. sooner or later
It must come TO blows. General Fadelew, you per.
tria wnile he exonerates France And what Of
Germany, IL may be askeds
N-r HOW GERMANY NIGHT ACT. 49,
The answer is simple. Prussia-tle late Prus.
Slain her limited sphere OF action was compelled
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