davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
PAPER BOXES.
FOR SALE I!

ONE FRAME HOUSE AND LOT, PRICE
" 81, 200; one-nalf cash in hand, balance In
one year with interest.
One frame house, Cooper Shop and lot, price
81 900, one-half cash in hand, balance in one
year with interest.
Also, 60 cords dry oak wood, and 400 perch
Of building stone. B. DAVENPORT.
Rock Island, Sept. l6th l37l-dlm
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

GOING! GOING!!
For particulars call
at the Plumber Store,
corner Illinois and
Buffalo Streets.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
COStiVeneSS.

qb,, i.csussd by a sIaggish, torpid state Ofths
| 4'.d ' deranEement CT the whole system.
.,-Drising that there are go many troubled
;ts this distressing dsease and give II 80 little
sttsption. The diseases that follow habituAl
costiveneIs ara many, of which Sick Headache.
Ru,h Of Bleed to the Head, Dyspepsia, Piles,
Heart, Lurg aud Skin Disease and Female and
Kidney Complaints, are always aggravated by
it. Many resort to pills, and never have = free
evacuation of the boweIe without their cid. To
these, say, stop and eensider, as every pill
you take con tains mercury, which will in time
cause you to regret the course you have taken
By using Taylor's Stomach and Liver Corrsetor,
you viii not need to take pills two to four bottles
will cure gou.
For Sale By ell Druggists and Dealers In Medi-
cinss.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

ST. Louis, July 6, 1s70.-JAs. A. JACKSON &
Co. Having examined the formula from which
your celebrated stomach Bitters" are prepared,
and having witnessed the method of combining
the different ingredients, we can safely recon-
mend them as the best tonic with which we are
acq uaiuted. From the great care with which
they are compounded, and from the choice ma
terials which enter into them, we have NO doabt
that they will prove, as they deserve to be, the
most popular tonic and stimulant in use.
RespectfulIy, yours
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

LOCAL NOTICES.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

CHICAGO. Sept. 80, 1s70.-J. L. SMITH, ESQ.
We have examined the formula fer the s'Ceisbra-
ted Stomach Bitters," and find it TO be composed
of articles that are considered the best tonlcs
used by the Medical Profession, and one Of the
hest hitters we know of now in usa.
Very respectfully,
| Il Hahn, NJ D McVicar, n D
B Walker, MD G A Mariner, MD
Norman Barnes, d
JAMES A. JACKSON.
Sole proprietor 107 North I'd st St. Louis Mo.
4 mchST-doaW-mon-w6m
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

q. S. MAR.HH HOSPITAL, ST. LOUIS, No, Oct.
8, IS70.-JAs. A. JACKSON b Co. l have ex-
Amined the formula for making the "Home 5tom-
aeh Bitters," and used them in this Hospital for
the last four months. I consider them the most
valuable tonic and stimulant nov in use.
II. MELCHER.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
Mercury or CalOmel

Is the great remedy that physicians appeal TO
and use almost entirely IN all diseaFes Of the
Liver. There are thousands at the present time
that are suffering with the rheumatic pins in
the joints, caused by the use of CGlonel which
has created q disease Of its own worse than that
which it was intended to cure. There 10
drug that leaves it's mark more prominent in
the system. Yet, perhaps, there are times when
1t can be given, and have a benifcial effect, but
should not be dealt out 1t has been, and iE at
the present time, by those that pretend TO know
what they are doing, but in reality do not. The
Liver is more liable to disease than any other
organ in the human system, and when that fails
to do its duty it leaves the weak points of the
body exposed, rs the bile is not thrown of, but
taken up by the blood, as il passes through this
great filter of the system, and becomes impure.
Then follows train of diseases, whose name il
Legion. There are many that suffer from pain
in the side and across the body, dull, hesvy
droWGy feeling, headache, pain in the right side
often severe pain in the bowels, costivensFs, fat
ulence, diArr heA more or less 10 Digestion loss Of
appetite, ssllOE skin, white Of the eyes yellow,
sinking of 1ssh, depression of spirits, at other
times great craving for food. Some Of these
symptoms are caused only BY torpidity Of the
Liver. 1t is Impossible to give all the symptoms
Of deranged Liver, and they all eurenble
without the aid OF Calomel.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
4 MILLION DOLLARS !

shreWd but quiet men can make fortune By
revealing the secret of the business 90 no one.
Address J. WEST,
RsS Broadway. New York.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
Every FaniIy Should have a Bottle.

We ask every one 80 read the following Ger
tifcntes from many of the most eminent physi-
clans in the country:
sr. Louis, July lo70'-JAMES A. JACKSON
CO.; Gentlsmsn-As you have concentrated
TO the medical profession the recipe of the
Home Bi.ters, 1t cam OF, therefore, be consid
cred 8 secret or patent medicine, no patent
having been taken for 1t. We have examined
the formula fer makiEg the "Home Bitters, -
and uuhes5tatingly say the combination Is one
Of rare excellence, all the srtices used in its
composition the best Of the class to which
they belong, being highly Tonic, stimu.ant,
Stomachic, Carminative and slightly Laxative.
The mode Of preparing them is strictly in ac-
| cordAnce with the rules Of pharmacy. Having
used them, its effect in our private prsc tice,
we take pleasure in recon ueding them to all per
sons deslrous Of taking BitteTs as being the best
| Tonic and sLmulant p0w offered to the public.
| L Boislniers. N b. Z q Porter, NJ D
Alfred Aeacock, d. c Gsricke, Nj ID
| Drake Mcdowell, Nj D. C A Ware, NJ D
J Whitehill, n D. EA Clark, MD
! DR. Ludwig s q Moses. N D
| W A Wilcox, M d. Hubert Primm
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
I. J. VAsTINR, N. D.
IT q MSmnN ~

CIsoNEArI, Oct. 19, I87O.-Mesus. KENNR-
DY CO., Al Home Bisters,"; Gents
Agreeable to yoar requests, have examined the
formula of the "Home Stomach Bitter" :" and
fnd the remedies it contains such as are IN ,ap-
ersI use by the Medical Profession. Tbsv ara
very scientifically and pleasantly Combined and
as stimulating tonics win be found esneciaJIv
adapted as corrOborants to the treatment o. Iox
or debiitatsd stages Ofthe system, whether ay;-
sing frem impaired digestion or from maIari an.
disaaEes.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

a Radical Pet cuts his wife's
throat In Chicago 2ev. Chez
ney and Law.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
Agents Read This 4!

"E WILL PAY AGENTS A SALARY OF
F." $50 per Week and Expenses, or sllov q
large commission to sell our neH and wond erful
Inventions. Address Il. WAGNER CO.,
EsrphsH, Mich.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18
$50. wu WILL PAx sac.

Agents $50 per week to sell great and valuable
discoveries. Hyou want permane Mt honorable and
pleasant work, apply for particulars Address
DYER ~ co. jackson. Mich.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1871-1872, 1871-09-18

NORTHEAST MISSOURI Farms and Unlmuroved
" Lands for sale by McNutt Il Moss, Paris, Mo.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17

At Pittsbnrg a clergyman called on
Edwin Booth and asked him if there
was side door by which astrietlv NOR.
al man could get into the theatre to see
him pav "Rohco." Booth put on one
Of his Hamletest expressions and told
the elder there wasn't any door to the
show but what God could look in aud
sec such jsckasses as the reverend gen,
tleman. The elder concluded to atte d
a prayer meeting that night
What more appropriate holiday gift
can he made to friend at q distance
than to send a weekly newspaper, which
will keep the donor in constant reinem-
brance throughout the year? sass 81
Peaches weighing one ponnd each,
we're raised last year id South Ciro.iaal
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17

q :
PlNEvILLE, Mo, Jan. /, 1871.
EDS. SPIRIT: The old year is gone.
another wave has swept across the "bil.
lowy tide of time," and agloomy winter
night has spread its sable curtain over
the grave of seventy; and to the editors
and readers OF the Esprit" one and all,
rich and poor, high and low, and espe-
cially to the oor,down-trodden working
people do we from our far Western
home wish them a "happy, happy New
Years. As we turn the harmonious
leaves in the book Of Nature, We there
can trace the emblems of human life
Youth is the spring time, when all the
lovely associations cluster around, and
life is fresh and sweet as the nectar pet
Ils Of ths virgin rose. Mimic pleasures,
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
From the Washington City Patriot, 9th inst
SAN DOMINGO.
The Majority OF the FOREIGN AZ
fairs Committee Opposed 10
Banks. Resolution.
Cabinet 0facers Lobbying for the
Scheme. szosa.+,@

The Committee on Foreign Affairs OF
the House of Representatives held their
first meeting Yesterday morning to con-
slider MIR. Banks resolution for COM
mission of FIVE to proceed to San Do.
mingo. with view to anhexing that part
of the island This committees IS com
posed of ten members, eight Republic
cans and two Democrats, and there were
present Mr.. Banks, of Massachusetts !;
Mr. Orth, of Indiana: Mr.. Sheldon, of
New York; Mr. Willard, of Vermont;
Mr.. Amber. of Ohio; Mr.. Swami, of
Maryland: Mr. Wood, of New York,
and Mr.. Myers, of PENNSYLVANIA. The
two absentees were Mr. Wilkinson, of
Minnesota, and Mr.. Judd, of Illinois. !,
After presenting the resolution, and
submitting his views in support Of it,
Mr.. Banks called for division Of the
committee upon reporting it to the
House on Monday next, according to
the programme which be announced on
Wednesday. The committe voted
Ayes-Messrs. Banks, Orth, and Ny
y
H.. M.ssrs sbo,aon willard Am
Nor os swonn on5 W,Snd-5
e. ,hat tlara was majority of two
oua;nst tho rronos;t;,,n ayen in ! com
ss;..as tas ,.h,.h .nv Ia haon aos;gnadIv naek
ad Is.es ~ ~. "u interest Of the ASministration
!" .rs s,,,,osaa IN f,yor ~ anv
'.i.' = VOC sapposs n,l;oh ,ha p,as;,,an,
uu .a;.,. 10y m 1.,'r,and - ronaross MT
n,;,hstond;nl. mt u ih;s vote Mr. Ranks will
!, ha olla,sod p ra,,ort tho resolution bv
oo..,a.'. - h,t = nj, only roaecttbe on;,,.
;on 20 60 v,;aor;,, In ~ rnloss Tho two absan.
.oas .on oI sh"nII iU n,;,o w;,h Mr Rsnlss. and
ioss t,s. sn o,.oat 1 ths ronnrt would renresant
~ ~ . anna,,,, d;x;asa co,,,m;t,ss R1t i i
updsrstood ~ ,tbat Messrs wilkinson and
Indd arc not fayoraI,le ,to the scheme.
~ r =, loo laos, I ware not racentIv
Everv ofiort has baen and will he made
hv ,ho 4 dn,;n; strat;on 70 carry th;s Soh
~ tSronrh ouo .ha Honse A singie examnle
,IiI ,s;,l aerva s' r. illustrate the annliances
that are nsed for, this. nufnoae II. is
knosn that after the scbism between the
President and Senator Schurz orders
were Given to exclude from patronage
and favor every member who adopted
the views of that Senator. This policy
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17

gilded with the dewy CLEANS Of hope
float before us with all their enchanting
graces. But Summer soon comes-the
meridian of life-calm, peaceful, serene
and thoughtful; the rainbow of hope yet
shows It's blended hues, and quit the
scenes of sensual delight to seek pleas
ures more substantial, but alas! Autumn
approaches and stamps her care upon
the brow that is clouded with mlsfor-
tune, and the heart sickens with the un.
fulillment of hope, and we pass into
old age-the Winter scene Of life. The
funeral cypress casts its gloomy shadows
across our remaining pathway. The
cloudless shore of the bottomless river
of death is just before us; the scenes OF
youth are passed and early friends are
gone, and sslike the gnarled and wither-
ed oak upon the mountain brow" all
friendless and companionless, we weather
the storm alone. o! what is human
greatness and grandeur while the de-
spelling hand of Time cannot be stayed
when all that's great or good or wise
sinks into oblivious gloom2 From the
closing of the gates of Eden to the dawn
of the Millennium there is a, sad waste.
The palace of Priam once illumined by
the smiles of the beautiful but tickle
Helen, like the graves of Hector and
Achilles, are unknown. The cottage Of
Romulus and the palace of Nero alike
sleep beneath the dust of ages. The.
pyramids of Egypt bathe their heights
in the blue clouds while rank weeds wave
over the graves of their builders. The
walls upon which the mysterious hand
wrote the destiny Of Belshazzar, and the
downfall Of Babylon have long since
crumbled into dust and the City of God
hath fallen. Ought we not to wish for a
newness Of life to resurrect the world to
the beauties and pleasures which fade
not aeay .forerer9 Ought we not with
the beginning of this new year resolve
in our own hearts to live for something
else beside the things Of this world, du
ring the present year! try and make
i
some aching heart glad9 try and make
those happy who are sad and weary of
the tolls and trials of earth, and direct
them onward to that bright and beauti-
full world above, where, if they will only
hold out faithful they will receive a
crown Immortal, and be forever at rest.
And now, kind friends, at this sacred
threshold we must leave you with the
the present year of 1871 may
leave you all better and happier than
now. CENSOR.
Per- r.s.5sl. -as.-, .. 'gf, i sss55e r9ss
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
$l8,a9o,1e4 o5

This table shows that the State taxes
have increased tllirty-three per cent: ,and
that local taxes have increased almost
10 per cent, in other words, that less
.han, -ope-tentli of the increase has been
in State taxes,.a and more than nine tenths
IN local taxes sif
The increase of taxation has been far
greater than the growth of the State in
business, population or wealth. 1t. is
not to be doubted that this burden has
grown to dimensions which seriously
threaten tile prosperity of the State.
No full and exact statement can be
made from the official reports as to the
amount annually collected from the
property holders of the State in the
form of special assessments for what are
termed local improvements, but is cer-
tain that this burden is also great and
rapidly growing
The Auditor of State reports cases in
which such assessments have been made,
amounting to half of the cash value Of
the property on which they were levied,
and, in one case. which he refers to, the
assessment was double the value Of the
property:
In respect to these evils it islindoubt-
|edly easier to 6nd f:lilt tliah to provide
remedy. No single measure will re-
move them. Probably no system of
measures which the General Assembly
can adopt will of themselves accomplish
what is desired. A complete reform is
impossible, unless the city, county! and
other officers are disposed and thorough
lly competent to do the work of cutting
off every unnecessary expenditure.
L Much, however, can be accomplished
by wise legislation. Let the General As
seinbly firmly. adhere to the policy of the
Constitution, and refuse to enact special
laws granting powers to tax Or make as
sessments. Let snch powers be exer
cised only in pursuance of geperal laws.
Local authorities should be empowered
| to levy no higher rate Of taxation than
is absolutely required for practical eff
cheney under ordinary circumstances
In extraordinary cases general laws
should provide for the submission of the
proposed tax or assessment to the peo-
/ Pile to be affected by it, under such regu.
Ilations that it cannot he levied unless at
least two thirds of the taxpayers app: owe
| tine measure
| One of the most Valuable articles of
! the present State Constitution Is that
which prohibits the State, save in few
exceptional cases, from creating any
debt, and which provides for the pay
ment at an early day of the debt already
contracted. ] am convinced that it would
| be wise to extend the same policy to the
creation Of public debts by comfy, city,
lnd other locd authoritles Tbs rule,
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
e7rBeet root smear Is cxtensiyel

EE Beet root sugar is extensively
in California. Tie works
at Alvarado, in that State, for reducing
the sugar, cost s25e, 900, and the es,ab-
lishment is said to be.the most complete
of Its kind in the woilL Eastern Wash
ington Territory is also said to be well
adapted toctae culture of the beet, and
efforts are being made to inluce the
people of that region to enter largely
into the cultivation OF that vegetable
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17

did not commit members to annexation.
The President and his Cabinet are,
therefore, carrying out the Babcock pro-
tocol, Of privately" operating upon
Congress. to carry corrupt and dis
graceful scheme for plunderlhg the
Treasury.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
GoERRlORS MESSAGE

Fellow-C Citizens Of the General Assembly:
The official reports, which the law re-
qmres to be annually made to the Gov
lernor, show that the affairs of the vari
Gus departments of the State Govern
ment and of the State Institutions have
been conducted during the past year in
a satisfactory manner. l shall not at.
tempt to give synopsis of the facts and
| figures which the reports contain. The
most important parts Of them have been
spread before the people of the State by
the newspaper press, and the details
which may be desired with view to leg
Ifslanon can lie best obtained from the
reports themselves.
/ also refrain from making many re-
commentators. Believing that too fre
quent changes of the laws and too much
legislation are serious evils, respectful
ly suggest that upon many subjects it
may be well to defer legislation until the
people have acted upon the question of
calling Constitutional Convention If
such Convention shall be called, 1t is
not improbable that the General Assem-
bly, will be clothed with powers essen
tally different from those conferred by
the present fundamental law in respect to
the Judiciary, railroads, ,intemperance ,and
many other important subjects, and that
the Legislature itself will be so consti.
tuted as to secure to minorities fairer
representation than they now enjoy.
The balance in the State Treasury on
the 10th of November, 1869, was $685.
060 IA; the, receipts during the year
were $4,399, ,932 So; making the, total
amount of available funds in the Treas
ury during the year S4,S37,991 81.
The disbursements during the year
have been S4,07l ,954 81; leaving a bal.
ance in the Treasury November Is, 1870,
of S766,03S 10.
The estimate of the Auditor Of State
for the current year are as follows:
Estimated receipts from oil sources,
including balances, $3.50, ,205 10; esti-
mated disbursements for all purposes,
S5,l63,976 OIL; leaving an estimated bal
ance in the Treasury November 10, ISL,
of S506, ,229 %.
The public funded debt'of the State on
the 10Th Of Nov, 1869, after deducting
the amounts invested in loans not yet
due, was S9,S55,93S u. During the
last year there has been redeemed of the
various loans, and invested in loans not
vet due, the sum Of $l23,S60 36, leaving
the total debt due November Is, 1870,
S9,732,077 81. e55A tas
The Fund Commissioners were pre-
pared to pay off larger amount of the
debt than has been actually discharged
during the year, but none of the bonds
of the State were due, and some of the
holders demanded ten or twelve per cent.
premium, and others refused to surren.
der their bonds at any price. =
The constant and rapid increase OF
taxation demands consideration. The
following table, showing the taxation for
different purposes in 1860 and in 1870,
and the increase of taxation in ten years,
sufficiently exhibits the nature and ex.
tent of the evil:
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
4ER,sssor 4 ApvERTIsfNa:

4tIW6iv9 ndcSs "a 1885 WIT y S11'' 6o" 90
onh square. sss3 ,gsIs gsse
EAll legal Advertisements will becharged
~ the line, and must be paid in advance Of
publication.
- Nstioes Of the sppointment OF Ad-. -
- mfnistrator's and Executors; alsc. -
- Attachment Notices and Road noti-. @
ri. oes, two dollars and ffty cents, in q
6advanoe. -
rAdvertising done At published rates.
and payment required in advance, IN all
uaees.l sf rs
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
january 8, 1871.

EEA New York correspondent
writes: The other day the front door Of
the New ork Tribune office had TO be
closed for some purpose. So Horace
Greely wrote on piece Of paper, s.Esn,
trance on Spruce street." and sent it
down to man who does the printing of
the bulletins to be copied. The man
studied over Horace's tracks all the fore-i
noon, and finally, and despair, wrote
Editors on a Spree" and posted it up.
The passers,b by thought the circumstance
was not unusual; but wondered why il
should be posted up so conspicnously.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
Natures Gifts,
Scientifically Developed.

As mankind from indiscretion or other causes, has
been doomed to suffer from disease 70 also has reme-
dy for disease been provided Our hills and valleys
abound with roots and herbs which II scientifically
prepared and compounded, win restore health and
yigor to the invalid Tofnd such remedy we should
heck one that has stood the test OF agc TiSss Lis
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1871-01-17
rrN WARE, COPPER WARE,
slset Iron Ware, Stoves, &c,
flss. Il business At the old stand, oppsite the
Jail.

WILL AN R 0S B
fIAs lust received. and will sell at reason
IT abls prices, { first class stock Of the
S1fuS enumerated above. Mr.. Rose is cap.
MI k5ikinan, and will manutacture for you
any &sfss desired, not found in his shop.
one him call before looking elsewhere.
.n,s 81. WILLIAM ROSE
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1871-07-26
Crop Prospects,.

The crop accounts, from all por
ions Of .he South, ugree in tn. STA, g.
ne"t that he corn O! op il hct,er tn. u
~"s ever kmn%n b.fure. Our own
observation in the enstc,n aud m,d,iI@
EQUITIES OF thi. $',atc--the hereto
Fore grca. cotton growing reg On
leads us to the conclusion that IN
>hnndanre Of cora will b. made for
tho home supply--a condition OF
things which has not, within our men,
Try. existed here before.
/ A Large area has been planted, and
he crop 10 he,ter than we have evor
known it. This valuable cereal il
now be, ond the danger of f.untoward
seasons. All through this sec,ion ,h.
cofn, except that grnwu ou bottom
lnud, and With seldom suffers tor
*ant Of moisture, is s" far maturr,l
an be sate trpm excessive heat and
drought. With large corn crops we
shall 'fint no difficulty in raising
meat. We trust and believe that
Georgia planters are at last realix.
ing the Importance Of raising foil
supplies IF provisions of oil kinds
On all sides snh frum every quarter
We hesrtf diiige ebt efforts directed IA
TINS imPortant mattcr.---Augusta Cron
icls.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1871-07-26

John Quincy Adams has been In.
terviewed, and has told what he
thinks of political affairs. He saws
that tho new depa.tu is very old
departure to him that he sees moth.
ing in thccon stitutional amendments,
apart f,om their p: :ocusoDe ent, which
ueed distress any Democrat, the fair
purport and up>hot of them being
merely to give equal civil rights aud
impartial political privileges to all
men, irrespective Of color that he
would have educational restriction for
suffrage that he believes Grant will
be re.nomiuated, but will "s overdue.
dened by the dead weight of the
financial misman"grmnnt of affai:s !;
that the Democratic fuanoial polioy
must be squarcly in the direction of
free trade and general reduction Of
taxation, , and that as tho tug of war
will DO in Odio, Indiana, Peunsylva-
MIA and Virginia, the candidates uron
the Democratic ticket should como
from these parts.