The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1871-11-09
THE ARTS AND SCIENCES.


has Deen recently lnLTOuuCeu III beIBluul
II consists OF one thousand parts OF irol
filings, five hundred parts of borax, tlilI
parts resinOus oil, and seventy.tiVe part
salammOniaC. The materials are mixed
heated and powdered; the surfaces to b.
welded are busted over with the compost
,iOnand then brought TO CherTy.red heat
nj which the powder melts, when the pOr
iiOns to be united arc taken from tho hrI
and jOinted. Another composition for thu
same object consists Of fifteen parts o
bOrax, two parts sal.ammoniac, and two
parts of cyanide Of potassium. These
constituents are dissolved in water, and
the water itself afterwards evspOrated at
u low temperature. The tests which
have been madeo Of this composition prove
its superior value.
The welding of copper Is now COmpar.
ativaly easy process, according TO a state
ment in Diaglers RRytechRtc journal.
Hitherto the great obstacle experienced In
welding this metal has been that the oxide
formed Is not flSiblC. 1t has been found,
however, by NJ. Rust, that the use OF mi.
crOCOsmiC salt gives fusble Stag. But
this salt being expensive, he has subsLitu-
ted u mixture of one part phosphate Of
soda and two parts borax, and finds that
it answers the purpose very well, although
the Stag formed Is not so tusible as that by
the miCrocOsmiC salt.
SOUNDS OF TELEGRAPH WIRES.
As the cause of the sounds frequently
heard to proceed from telegraph wires In
the open air, II has been customary 10
accept the wind, and Its producing the
scundings by direct vibration, similar 10
those of tho KOlian harp. A different
view Of II, however, Is given by railroad
officer In the Austrian RdiI0dy Gazette, and
his statements are at least interesting
llU calls observation To the fact that
one who gives his close attention to both
the wires and the sounds, will find that
the latter make themselves audible when
there Is u total absence of wind, md on n
quiet morning In winter, even when the
wires have upon them thick covering Of
lrOst, they nevertheless carry on live Vi.
brAtions and swinging, unaided by the
stirring Of any air. The observer had
vrars nearly and at last was led 10 he
yesIronsn n the nhpnomennn
Accounting IN ihpso Observations there.
fore, the vibrations are due, not To the
wind, but to the changes Of atmospheric
temperature, and especially through the
c,,V no,au,r" in,rnduces a shorieninG If the
wires py,"nJin" over the whnls length
N, iLo conInctns 4 conoiderohle omnI,nt
nj fricIion Ia nroduccd m the s,,nnnriing
hcIs Nnd this affords nm exnlNnntion Gf
ihs sounding both in tho wires md The
n"les This cynlanoiion also concIirs
Win ,hc act that nolcs hearing Int one
or tcw wires rive pIF far wiJer sounds
,han wbon ioodoI with monv LaconSo In
tGe latter case the vibration nroJuccd
ml,, be lcss uniform and simultaneous
~ ,s -. :. .'',,. ',as'....
"tth'oAl.oNS oF hhhotNloitn'
NJ. AlvcrgniSt, the ingenious French
electrician, has made an Improvement first
suggested TO him when using the tubes in
vented by GieSsler, which arc cylinders
OF bulbs OF glass filled with raretied gas
that becomes luminous in the dark when
acurrent OF electricity Is passed through
H. The Improvement consists In filling q
glass cylinder or vial, hermetically sealed,
with Il substance which becomes phos.
phOTescent by the action Of the iriCtional
Or static electricity. A tube 0I this kind
may be Of some service to those on night
duty; Tor all that Is requisite TO produce o
Transient light, Is to rub the tube briskly
with a SILK handkerchief.
On some Ol the best managed Euro
pcan railways electricity Is more and
more taking tho place OF human watch.
'Illness and the ordinary interventlons OF
machinery. For example,, on several
lines there are Contrivances by which the
passage Of train Is automatically an
nOunced to neighboring stations. The
cars pass over connecting wires, and the
train records Itself before and behind, 80
ihat It's progress and appearance arc alike
indicated.
=, The experiments recently made on tue
English coast, with the view OF showing
he praCticaDtlity OF Illuminating beacons
and buoys at sea with the electric light
produced by means OF battery on shore,
anu which were 80 sllccessltl have excited
much public interest. In this case, q sub.
marine cable, fully half a mile In length
na, naTlng Peen laid between 'ne eaSt Dreak. !.
WAY "ei VI T,tai ran.on narOor anu .ne Cii"l, !
I,n,, p,vL AZ lLlnlly, the operator oCCupleu
sai'.n ssI ~ neat v the centre OF Tue preaKWater
suu SGo .iU. snc lignt was SHOWN AZ the point o.
Sn,lpn SV p.c. ~ ILonI VI an orulnary ngnt'
ouSe aouS at neiiecs3r, pLouuClng most DrlIllanl
.sSi "sSn, eulItsu i; WIN gteat taplulty as many
Snve N hundred could Ge transmitted IN q
ui'nute-the macnine nelng also capable
VI uelng reguia'eu IN sucn manner as 70
Sshu a, one llasn every second, or al any
O'Isr desired interval
ne lhvesiigGtlons made Dy herr Pael'
LOW nave !eu nm 10 conclude ihat thert
y 10 relation between the conuuCtiOlllty
,ot neat ana that Tor electricity. lie has
tAPerlmenIed on the following substances