davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

Those Bonds.

FRIEND WRIGGLEswoRTH Your sug
gestion for meeting of the people of Iowa
county who are opposed to paying the
county bonds is highly commendable, and
highly necessary, and if all in this vicinity
do not respond, you may nevertheless de-
pend on it that we are with you in that
matter and are unit for resisting this IN
paralleled swindle. The idea is too repug-
nant for the community to tolerate, to be
forced to pay so unjust demand. This
is not bad bargain that we have made, if
it was we would stand to it, but it is a
steal, a swindle, from beginning to end,
and we will never pay it.
would suggest that you set tine and
call meeting to consult and determine on
a proper course to be pursued; and, as
there has been so much selling and buy
ing, would suggest that the following
resolution be passed:
Resolped, That we hold in utter abhor-
renee, that we loath and detest any thing
calling himself man, who has or ever
would sell himself to aid the thieving bond
holders to collect their dishonest claim
against this county. And that we sever
ally and collectively pledge ourselves to
resist the payment of any part of the
claim until satisfactory compromise is
made.
Yes, Mr.. Editor, call meeting by all
means. l will be there, and all my neigh
bors, and five hundred others, and we will
show the bond-holders what kind Of stuff
we are made of. J.B.J J.
Highland, Dec. q, 1870.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
Written for the CHRONICLE.
In MemOriam.

EDITOR CHRONICLE. Dear Sir: 7 ad-
dress myself to the painful duty Of giving
you short sketch of my dear, lamented
brother.
William, son of James and Ann Ben
nett, was born March 18th, 1906. His
parents were members of the Wesleyan
Methodist Church, and he was brought up
in the fear of God. When he was about
Is years Of age he was soundly' converted
to God during a revival of religion in his
native parish, and was made exceedingly
happy. Aftraward, through unwatchful-
ness, and yielding to temptations incident
to youth, he lost the grace of God and be-
came backslider. In about five years af-
ter this he married, and Immediately re-
Joined the church he had left, and remain
ed steady, constant, and respected MEM
Der until he left for this country. When
he came here, in 1887, he, believe, joined
the M. E. Church at once first at Mineral
Point, then at Linden, then at Dodgeville,
where, [ understand, he was the first to
organize an NJ. E. class-meeting, of which
he was leader, and of which | became
member when I came here in 1916, and |
continued to be member of his class in
all its removals until [ came to this city,
and he remained leader until his decease
AS man, he was Industrious, prudent
and temperate, practical and persevering ;
he possessed sound sense, good under
standing, correct judgment, and a good
degree of general intelligence. AS hus-
band, he was kind, forbearing, patient and
faithful; indeed, the strength of his do
mestic virtues is unknown to the world.
AS parent, he was affectionate, tend,r
and munifcent. AS master, twas
kind, consderate, equitable, and just. AS
citizen, he was friendly, sociable, honest,
truthful, upright, and loyal; a great lover
of our free government, and strongly be-
lieved that the Union should. be maintain
ed intact, at all hazard; in politics, Re
publican. In word, he was widely known
and respected by wide circle of friends,
of which fact the great gathering at his
funeral bears testimony. AS a member Of
the church, his piety was sincere. His
views of evangelic truth were sound and
correct. AS class leader, he was in
structive, experimental, practical, faithful,
and efficient, and few, believe, excelled
him in this Office in this section of the
country. To the church and to his breth-
rem his attachment was strong and unwav-
ering, ever ready to exercise that charity
that thinketh no evil" In all the duties
of his religious life, private, family, and
public, he was a faithful and constant OBJ
server to the end and as long as | met
with him, | am bold to say he enjoyed
communion with his God in the church
He filled various and important Offices with
credit to himself and satisfaction to his
brethren in his church; he had a deep in
terest in and literally supported its insti-
buttons.
OF his sad and tragic end we have no de-
sire to dwell; conjecture will be rife. Over
this terrible catastrophe we draw a veil
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

sG@ We were pleased to see our old
friend Edward Webster, the other day.
He gives magnificent report of Iowa, af-
ter two years residence in that state. He
appears to be satisfied. When they NOV
ed out West, they took package Of the
Russian wheat we had for distribution.
He says it yielded remarkably we'll. The
second years product was 8 bushels of first
class wheat, more than third larger grain
than ordinary wheat One advantage is,
the straw is so strong it cannot lodge, and
last season. Notwithstanding the dryness,
it grew to the height of five feet.
We have distributed about two bushels
of the above wheat in this county, and
though we requested everyone receiving it
to give it fair trial, and report their sue
cess, and opinions on the wheat yet we
have heard nothing from anyone concern
ing it, What is TIE reasonP
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

fy~ The Russian wheat we had for dis
tribution two years ago, done well in Boone
Co., Iowa. The second year it yielded
from the seed saved from the first year, s
bushels. The wheat is remarkable good,
being at least a third larger than ordinary
wheat; it cannot lodge, as the straw is
very strong, and last year, notwithstand-
ing the dryness of the season, grew to the
height of five feet.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

cite, Milwaukee and Washington. Fond
du Lac gave the largest vote, and Rock
the largest Majority against the system.
This will relieve the counties of a small
item of expense twice in each year; but
whether it will furnish better security for
their rights and liberties, is a question
now to undergo solution.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
On Tuesday last the JANUARY thaw u

On Tuesday last the JANUARY thaw :"
came along, and set everything afoat. Tt
continues still, up to the present writing,
and if it continue SO days longer, it is very
probable that rainbows will 60 out Of fash
ion, and there will be heavy demand for
buoys and anchors. Sleighing is still
good on the snow, but there is no snow in
sight of town, fog and rain having monop-
olZed the weather.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
M A II r. / II ID

MILLS-COOPER.-Att the residence of the brides
father, in Franklin, Sank Co.. Wis, on the Goth OF
December, 1870, by Rev. H. j. Walker, Mr.. Thorn
as L. Mills to Miss Mary e. Cooper, all of Sank
Co., Wis.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 9Th, 1871, by Rev.
l. B. Richardson, Richard Ill. Wearing to Miss
Martha Spargo, all of Linden
BLACKNEY-LIDDLE.-Ja Sth, 1871, in Min
eral Point, by Samuel Thomas, Esq, Mr.. James T.
Blackney to Miss Elizabeth Lidde, both of Mifain,
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

nG@ James Ryan, the newly installed
Sheriff of Iowa County, called on us yes
terday morning, and caused US to forget
our regrets that the democratic ticket was
successful for the office of sheriff. a
worthy officer always subdues party feel
ing. Such is our present democratic Sher,
if, Mr.. James Ryan.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

Reg On Thursday evening, the 9Th
inst, about S o'clock, the house and con-
tents of Conrad Pancake, on the Mill
Greek road, southwest of Arena, was en-
tirely consumed by fire, which originated
from defective fue Loss $1,000. In
surance $500.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

ly attended, perhaps more so, than any
previous one we have had in the county
and judging from the number of teams
which was AL, we should say there were
about 1000 people attending the services.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
7\RM FOR SALE.-THE UNDER

ii ARM FOR SALE.-THE UNDER
II signed is DESTROYS of selling his farm. 1t is sit
-A- uated at the foot of the Helena valley, in the
town of Wyoming. 1t consists of about $50 of
land about 800 acres under cultivation Is of
tame meadow 100 good bearing apple trees and prn-
ty of good land yet unbroken, about of hops
yard and poles in complete running order There is
good dwelling house 26 by 26 feet, house in the
hop yard for boarding hands 30 by 10 feet, and dry
house Is by 40 feet There is plenty of never failing
springs. There is timber enough the place to half
pay for the farm, and it is within three mile of the
railroad station The title is perfect Possession
fgven Immediately. [ believe this is the best stoc
earn in the county. The above farm will be sold
cheap. Terms half down, balance to remain secured
the place. Ii. MCCUTCUlN.
Helena, Sept g. 1S70.-2tf
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

~ The constant demand, and rapid
sale of the Richardson Boots & Shoes at
the store of VIM. Teasdale, in Mineral
Point, show plainly that they are the best
in the market.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

REMovAL.-Wm. Teasdale, of Mineral
Point, has moved his fine stock of grocer
les, crockery, wooden ware, and the incom-
parable Richardson's boots and shoes, to
the building adjoining Penrose & Roberts
meat market, directly opposite the old
stand
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

and leave it to that day whep the hidden
things of darkness shall be brought to
light, and every man shall receive his re-
ward according as his works shall be,
whether they be good, or whether they be
evil"
To conclude: Ct could say more,) I be-
lleve | shall meet my dear lamented broth
er in heaven. He died resting on the great
Atonement. and, like his divine Master, in
his dying hour, prayed God would for :
his enemies. To-
1t is my desire and intention, together
with all the family of the deceased, to pay
the greatest respect to the widow, who
now suffers the loss of an affectionate hus
band, while we that of near and dear re
lation. john BENNETT.
Mineral Point, Jan. II, 1871.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
STRAY NOTICES.

CTRAY NOTICE.-TAKEN UP BY
~ the undersigned. mile southeast Of the
~ village of A rena the 10Th day of Decem
Der, 1870. land occupied by him, bay horse,
about years old left hind foot white, and scar
right hind foot. The owner is requested to prove
property, pay charges and take him away
Dated Arena, Doc %, 1870.
16w40 W. A. MCKENZIE.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
NTEW LIVERY sTABLE-HTGH-

IN land, Wis, p. CHOLVIN co: would re-
- spectivey announce to the citizens of High
land, and Iowa County and the travelling public gem
orally that they have opened livery stable in the
above place. They keep horses, carriages hacks,
buggirs, &C. which tn ~ prepared to hire for a
reasonable consideration, or they will take persons
keep good new stock, and our charges are reasona-
Bile. 4m6n
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

For SALE have fifteen cords of good
dry wood for sale, cheap for cash, if called
for soon. The wood is situated about FIVE
miles north east of Dodgeville, and piled
up by the road side. First-rate road to it
all the way.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

mAKEN CALVES-FOUND AND
taken up by nae, the undersigned on land owned
- by me, and on which live, in Sc ction 81, town
ship 9, range ), i'll the village of DOd%evile, or
about the 30th day of December, 1870, three last
springs calves, all Of them red aud white spoted
other marks.
Dated January 3, 1871. JOHN S. DAVIS.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
MASONIC.

DODGEVILLE LODGE, No, 119 F. h A. M. hold
~ their Regular Communications on the LIST and
Sd Fridays of each month.
ORvILL STRONG, W. NJ.
CHARLES BISHOP. Sec'Y.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
AVOCA HOUSE.

Opposite THE RAILROAD DEP0T-James S
OSmith, Proprietor. This house has been fitted
up in the latest style, with every accommodation
for travellers boarters, by the day week. Also
the best accommodations for teams-4H
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
II O r. N

SLAUSON.--In the town of Arena, on Dec. %, 1910,
the wife of James w. }Slauson, of son.
VILLEMONTE.-In the village of Arena, on the 9th
inst, the wife of f. Villemonts of a son.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

IOWA ENCAMPMENT, No. 27, I. 0. 0. f, meets in
/ Odd Fellows Hall, first building south Of the
Court House every2d and 18th Tuesday evening ofeacf
month. THOMAS JOHNS, Z. L.
o. P. ASHLEY, Scribe.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

mAKEN UP-CALF-FOUND AND
taken up by me, the undersigned, land
-& owned by me, and on which live, in section
q township 6, range 4. in the town of Ridgeway Ion
or about the 26th day Of December, 1870, heier
calf about eight months old, with dark red, and
white spots with the point of one ear off and slit
an the other
Dated Dec 26 1870.
16w4o JOHN CRETNEY.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
G.. F. TANNRATH.

FASHIONABLE BARBER AND HAIR DRESSER DRESSER
attention given to ladies' and chdrens hair, cutting
and curling. Hair work executed in all the late
fashionable styles. Highest price in cash paid for
ladies hair. Next door to City Hotel.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
I. O. O. T..

DODGEvILL LODGE, No. III, meets in Odd Eel
ID lows Hall, first building south of Court House
every Saturday at "a O'clock Members visiting the
village invited to attend.
r. R. EVANS, N. G.
NAT. JAS. LEWIS, Secretary.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
A 400 ACRE FARM
TO BE
SOLD ENTIRE, OR IN LOTS
ETOTICE TO CONTRACTORS AM

ETOTICE TO CONTRACTORS AND
IN BUILDERS.
4v Sealed Proposals for buildings new School
House, in the village of Dodgeville, Iowa Co., Wis,
will be received by the School Board of District No.
l. on or before the 10th day of January, 1871. at
O'Clock p, m. House to be built of stone. Sze I5x
78 feet, two stories high.
Proposals for mason work and for wood work re-
ceved separately together The Board reserve the
right to reject any and all bids Plans and spechca
lions may be a the store of B. Thomas & Co.. on
IowaSt Dodgevile. For further particulars apply
to or address
R. ARUNDEL, Director School Dist.
B. THOMAS, Treasurer, No: 1;
J.E. BARTLE, Clerk, sDodgeville
1Aian1hn
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
CRONIN, A. NJ, NJ. D

HDW Ard CRONIN, A. NJ, NJ. d.
H. (Graduate of the University of Pennsylvania
- in Glass of 1912. and Jefferson College in Glass
of 1914 Student of the late Prof John X Mitchell, of
Phil After % years of prat tice feels competent
to attend to all cases that may come under his
ia Mineral Point and vicinity. lie would inform the
public that he has permanently located in that city,
Office at his residence behind the United States Hotel
| Ist above Col. Jones' residence. wolff
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

HsgHThe following is a list of subscriptions
toward building fence and preparing track
on Fair Ground.
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13
COBB & LIKENS

J. w. DAVID, M. D.,
Physician and Surgeon,
HIGHLAND, WIS. OFFICE IN HIS DRUG
III Store. Particular attention paid to diseases OF
Dodgeville chronicle. [volume] (Dodgeville, Wis.) 1862-current, 1871-01-13

ROBERT WILLIAMS.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29
Milton Tobacco Market.
Cow will Want Tail again in Fly
Time!

must say to my customers tina. I must
have what they owe me nc once. NV Fall
purchases will be due from the 1st to the
middle Of December. DO come up and
settle Mt once, without further invitation.
need every twenty five cents that Il due
me. want 10 be IN condition 10 accom-
mediate you again. As said az the be-
ginning, the COW will want tail again In
liy time. ] can not wait Until YOU sell
Tobacco or Produce. My creditors will
not wait for me. 1fyou have no money
bring Flour, Corn, Oats, Wheat, anything
that ! can turn into money. I am really
needy. | am not able to keep up the
Stock unless you come upat once and set
tie. / am IN earnest. / am talking 20
cach man that owes me. Please come aud
see me ut once. q. M. PARKS.
Nov ~ L
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29
MILroN. N. Q. nov. 24th, ls7l

Thomas E'UdRs--I have known you to
allude TO good Hotels that you have stopp-
ed at, but allow me to say to you that you
nor /, until lately, ever stopped at good
one. left Reidsville, N. O., yesterdayaf-
ter a few days stay ut the Hotel recently
opened there by DIR. JOHN SMITH. Ihaye
travelled over $50 these United States,
Upper and LowefC Canada, and can truth
fully say that have never been atsuch q
coed House as the "SMITH House, at
Reidsville: In the first place the Rooms
are large and clean-seas0ned wood for
fires-the Beds and Bed-clothing clean
the Towels clean and inevitable Cloths
alright, and the Apple Brandy from Pat
rick, Virginia-o pray, oyerseer! not
pummy but Cider Brandy-and John, the
servant, IA polite colored gentleman raised
by Mrs. Judge Settle.) The cooking is
under the immediate supervision Of Mrs.
SMITH, q sister-in-law OF DIR. Smith, and
her very accomplished daughter, Miss
SALLIE And when 4 say the brandy
aud eating are good, you can safely say to
the travelling community that they are
good, for you aud the Senior will testify
that am Judge ofbolh. You owe i 70
the travelling community 70 publish this.
Yours, JOHN l.. WooDING.
[eaT-Our old friend is splendid judge Of
good eating and drinking, but our Fore
man who Is also capital Judge Of good
things,) says he'll be ding'd IL Cheeks
Apple Brandy made by Curtis, Of Ala
mance,) to be had at the Gem Saloonp in
this town, can be beaten by the "Stase Of
Patrick any other man. See his adv. ]
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29
MARRIED..

On Wednesday night last, 2Srd inst, the
Presbyterian Church % this place having
been decorated with beautiful bcquets Of
rare and fragrant nowersmade BY some Of
the fair daughters OF Hillaboro. Mr. En-
WARD cRAHrRxE Of this town led TO the
altar Miss. SARAH daughter Of Mr.. John
TAYLOR, late Of Milton, n. G. Rev. Mr..
smith the young pastor Of the church, Of
ficialed, and having been lately ordained
this was the firat tune he had ever per-
formed this beautiful aud solemn ceremo-
nv which was very impressive, and re-
flected on him great credit. Though the
bride wore M precious jewels, nor costly
fabrics yet, In that case, beauty una
dorncd was adorned the most, /" and mod
csty and dependence supplied everything.
We predict for the young couple-both Of
whom are pious, we belleve--a future Of
industry and conIugai bliss
On the evening ofth 2ist Inst, ut the
brides father In Richmond county, Jas.
r. Cody Of Laurinburgh, N. 9. TO Miss
Fannie Il. johnson, daughter Of Mr.. Ar
chic johnson.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29
APoGTTrcALrnrroR

We have determined to employ some
leading gentleman as political editor of the
North C0otiaicn. al d salary to command
the best talent Of the State, and to the end
that gentleman may be secured who will
best reflect the sentiments and most ably
ana efficiently maintain and defend the
principles of the party. We shall leave il
to leading Democrats, in and out of the
Legislature, to suggest the name of gen
tleman for the place.
Never before in the history Of the coun-
try did the people Of North Carolina 50
much require the services Of the ablest 2o-
litical writer's at their capital and from
now until the Presidential election of ~,
We shall bestow upon the Curolinian the
best available political talent of tae State.
Rdleiqk Caroliniaa 2Gtt inst.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29
THE INDIANA TRAGEDY.
Lunchinr Of he Murderera.

A telegram from Louisville gives further
particulars in connection with the hanging
Of the three negro. murderors Of the Park
family, by mob Of citizens. At little
after O'Clock Friday morning, the mob,
numbering about fifty men. on horseback
and on foot. on entering Charlestown, broke
open the blacksmith shop and supplied
themselves with sledge hammers. chisels,
&C., and then proceeded to the Jail where,
with drawn pistols, they demanded the keys
Of the jailer.
lie stated that the keys of the Jail had
been given to the sheriff Of the county,
whereupon he was sent. under the escort Of
a guard. to the sheriff to get them. The
sheriff informed them that the keys were in
Jacksonville. The order was then given
to break down the doors of the Jail and
with chissels. sledges and crowbars the mob
broke down three ponderous iron doors, and
took --out Taylor and Davis. They then
went to the upper rooms Ofthe Jail 10 search
Of johnson. when the sheriff, to save Jail
from total ruin, give up the keys, aud they
took Johuson.
Placing ropes around the neck Of the
three negroes, they closed the Jail and or
dered the persons there. about twelve in
number, to remain on guard, as they were
determined not to be interfered with BY
alarming the village. Starting back on the
same road. they bad come double quick to
place known as Gypsy Camp. about one
mile and a half from the town. Ties strung
the ihree murderers upon separate trees.
At two minutes to three o'clock thcir
leader, addressed the mob: Orr work Is
done until We are calleds together again.
Say nothing. Remember tie password !:
Justice to all. The crowd then quietly
dispersed.
The whole affair was done with military
precision. Not word was spoken except
70 command order. or to keep some Of the
bys;anders quiet who attempted to give an
alarm. So iaras il known there was not d
man absent from his home anywhere in tie
neighborhood aud while there is no doubt
Of the guilt Of the negroes, there Il still
general feeling of regret that the course of
the law has been frustrated.
The coroner n noon sent out wagon for
the dead bodies and has held an inquest.
bnt has gained 10 information as to who Tie
eob were. Tho jail was damaged BY the
mob 10 the extent ofnearly $500.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29

Flat River Il never behind III anything,
she excels in pretty ladies, handsome men,
fine coal cured tobacco. big turnips, and
Inst though not least In the art Of matrl-
mony; there being In the last week not
less than ak biushlng maIdens from the
ages fourteen % thirty six, led 10 the hy-
menesl altar By as many handsome gen
tlemen from tie ages Of nineteen to my.
This goes 10 show that we live In pro-
grcssIve age, aud that Flat River Is ahead
Of time.
The progress Of education Is also going
ahead IN our vIclsity, and u Will not be
long before the hammer can be heard fof
miles around, mailing shingles on the ROOF
Of Mangum's Male Academy. AZ the
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1871-11-29
Ar HOME. Nov. 18th, 1871.

Elitors Recorder. Gents:-I visited
your old town this week and found every
thing up and moving like business; quite
a Tobacco market four Warehouses all
selling the weed, and only one thing
married the pleasure ofmy visit, and that
was being annoyed by street dyamners lie
ing about the bcst Warehouse. Please say
10 the Warehouse men Of Milton, II they
have any respect for themselves or their
market. to stop these street drummeis.
To nervous man it's awful the way they
attack you ut the bridge. have concln-
ded, with many Others that our next trip
will be after drumming has ceased.