Urbana union. [volume] (Urbana, Ohio) 1862-1872, 1871-03-08

the evil rests upon the law Of self pres
ervation; a law vital to every communi-
ty, and especially TO every sovereign
State. Peters Reports Vol Xv, p 5Os.-
Judge Baldwin Of the same court decid.
ed, the foundations Of this Government
are laid, and rest on the rights Of prop
erty in slaves Both Of these Judges
were Northern men.
9TH. A Slave State could forbid by its
statute law, a slave emaneipated by one
ofits citizens, to remain in the state, and
when he left the state, not to return to
It for his residence.
9Th. A Slave State had the right to hne
a master for letting his slave or slaves
run at large in the State, having no ap-
parent means for their support; and If
/ the fine upon the master did not cause
him to make provisions for their COM
I Portable support, then the state could hire
them out for that purpose.
7th. A Slave State had the right by
I law to take a slave from q master or
mistress who was maltreated by their
government over him, and hire him to q
humane man until there WAS confidence
in the owner of the slave he would be
treated with humanity; the hire went to
the owner Of the slave.
Sth. The right of speech, on the policy
Of the General Government; and the
use Of the press, TO express an open
opinion Of the legality Of the measures
Of the Executive Of the United States,
and of a state, and Of the acts Of Con-
gress, IS to their legality, or Of their wis
dom TO promote harmony and peace and
unity in the country, or the States, as
the case Of legislation might be. The
original States came as Sovereign states
into the Union and bound their people
by the vote Of the people, each, and all
Of the States, to enter into one Compact,
to observe these state rights. To have
and to hold, to enanciPete their slaves,
or keep them In slavery. NolaW could be
constitutional that would forbid state to
legislate pro or con on the institution Of
slavery, in It's own state.
In 1880, not quite a year since Con-
gress had commenced to carry out the
provisions Of the Constitution Of the
United States, tOprOmote the peace, and
harmony, and prosperity, of the States
individually, and collectively; three Pc
titiOns from Pennsylvanis aud New
York were presented to Congress, pray.
ing that body to stop the slave trade,
and to take measures for q better treat
ment Of the slaves in the country in
general. Il was Of course q Northern
movement. One of the petitions was
from an organized Abolition Society,"
Slavery at the time existed in every
State in the Union, but Massachusetts,.
The want Of arabic land in most of the
Northern States for their white popula-
ton; the cOldnesS Of the climate; and
the value Of the productions Of the soil,
Influenced those states to get rid Of their
slaves. This was, done, without an ex-
ception by those states, passing gradual
emancipation laws leaving those alive
In the states on the passage Of the emau.
cipation law Of the state, to remain
slaves, during their lives; and all born Of
slaves at, and after the passage Of the
law, 10 be freed persons
when twenty-five years old. 1t is GER
tain great many of the slaves in all the
Northern States, found q home in the
Southern States fort quid pro que,
that was put in the pockets of the dis
Of human Slavery.
The petitions laid before Congress from
Pennsylvania and New York were re-
turned to the persons in charge of them by
Congress, on the ground Congress could
not cOnstitutiOnally legislate On-the re-
quest stated in them. The long discussion
in Congress on the subject Of slavery
itself, had the desired effect in bringing
the right Of slavery to exist in the Unit
ed States before the community. in gen.
eral. But it also led the Southern mind
to loose confidence that the Northern
States would abide by the Compactof the
States in forming an Union of States
under the Constitution of the United
States.
The next Session of Congress, a peti.
ton came from the South, asking Con.
gress, to pass a law to enable the owners
Of offugitive slaves to recover them in other
states and bring them back to the States
they had fed from. A law was made, Dee.
13, 1898, specifying how such slaves were
to be recovered; and If the owner Of the
fugitive slave, or his agent, was hind
cred in the state, he was found in taking
him legally from the state, the party go
hindering was to be tried, and If found
guilty, was to pay fine of $500, and be
imprisoned not exceeding one year.
But the Northern States had laid their
plans to have the political rule over the
Southern States, as the sequel viii show.
They revised their laws passed to hinder
the third section Of the fourth Article Of
the Constitution being carried out for a
fugitive slave being returned back to
the state he fed from. This plan Of leg
islating to nulIify the renewed iegisla-
ton Of Congress TO carry out the section
of the Constitution Of the United States
was continued until Congress ceased the
attempt Of getting a law on the provis-
sion Of the Constitution that could effect
the end aimed at. Seven times Con-
gress was asked TO revise the laws that
had been passed; and which had been
by state laws hindered from being exc
cuted. New States in the West came to
the assistance Of the Northern States.
Underground railroads, that IL reRu.
lar lines Of wagons running by night,
took of from the Slave States, slaves
to be northern residents. This sys-
tenn Of State legislation, and the long
action Ofeovert removal, was continued,
until thirteen States had laws, which ef-
fectively prevented q fugitive from serv-
ice being carried out of the state to his
home. Maine, Vermont, New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts,, Connecticut, New
York, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Iowa, had
such laws. We quote the law of Yer
mont, State that in 1850 had only 7O9
negroes. How many of that number
were fugitives from the South, the Cen
sus tables do not inform US. But the
tables do teach US that from 1910 to 1850,
that State had lost 1914 of her negro pop
ulatiOn. We give from her statue book,
her law 10 nravant q fnpitiva nlava hainp