davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

The post-ottce at Iturbide, Wythe coun.
ty, Va, is discontinued. The site OF the
office at BOGUS Mills, Franklin county, Va,
is changed to its original location, and John
W. Wentz appointed postmaster thereof.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

cFFlyE GF TIE ALABAMA AM ~tHArTASooGAl
hAILkoADC
NEW. ROUTE FROM THE NORTH
AND EAST TO THE SOUTH AND
. SOUTHWEST.
The ALABAMA AND CHATTANOOGA
RAlLGOAD, extending from Chattanooga Ten
ue;See, 10 Meridian, Mississippi, Is completed,a od
forms With It's connections the
SHORTEST ALL-RAL LINE
fr ON Portland, Boston, hew York, Phl;adelphla,
Baltimore, " ashiugtoc, Richmond, Lynchburg,
,nS Chat: &ncoga, Ia Merictan, Mobile, New VI"
leans, Jackson, VicksburS, and all Southwestern
cities.
TIE rosd-bed is In splendid condition and the
equipment perfect.
ru.lnan's Palace Day and Sleeping-CSrs are 70
be run via this route from LyncD6arg 70 M0pie
and New Orleans without change.
Purchase tickets Wis The Alabams and ChatLa;
noosa railroad, and secure the quickest Lime ano
most comforts. .,
The attention OF freight, shippers Is called 70
thls route as Offering tine advantages OF speeoy
.I.slislt between the Sortn and soutD, "ilh faNo
aiWays as low as by any other route.
nark snip frei eht and procure bliis Oh IauuB
fia ue Alabama and Chattanooga rallroSd-
..-r .WM. kEARl,
General Fretgh. and Ticket Agent
ChattsLooga, Tenn'
.- ...-r..r r.- .. y. STANTON
Ia. General superintendent,
-.e--oR- =, = Chattanooga, Tenn.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29
REATMUE&NTM.
E 7 E / s Z r.; o.
u# No. 1904 MAIN STREE

IA ALWAYS supplied with the Injuries Of the sea-
son-lbs BEST MEATS Of all kinds-FOWLS,
tame and wild-GAME OF all sorts-0YSTERS
and FISH. All served 10 order in the best style.
Rates reduced dishes ample. Pastries OF the
hest. Orders for suppera and entertainments OF
the most elegant and recheTche s]y!e niieo III Hs
most satisfactory manner.
The BAR, as well as the table, with rates suited
Ia the LINES. The best liquors always on hand.
and mixed drinks brewed by the most sAlinm
REFRESHMENTS served up in elegant style liz
the Ia / SALOON, where perfect prlVac5
And decOrurn are maintained m-'
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

CULTIVATION OF THE HUcKLEBERRY.-We
are pleased to see the article published
some time ago in this paper upon the cul-
tivation of that delightful berry has been so
extensively copied by the press.-Piedmont
Vtrginidn.
No doubt. Why didn't you credit it to
the Elk Run Gazette p
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

brief prayer, and the sheriff called the
prisoners to the trap and adjusted the moose
about the neck OF each. Both men s.lnder.
went this trying ordeal coolly. Rev. Mir.
Givens then read the burial service, com.
mepcing &" am the resurrection and the
life,". and at Its conclusion the black caps
were drawn over the faces OF the condemn
ed. Just at this moment Dir. Atwell i'm
nlored johnson to make some sign Of his
rr1ilt. and thus appear with clean soul be-
fore h:> Maker: hu' he refused. au5ihly
rrrlyinc that he could not confess, even
e hc knew that pardon would he granted"
And now the reverend attendants lett the
Mat fnrm. 4 solemn silence pcrvaded the
vas, multitude IN front. the signal was
Owen, and tut before the drop fell Green
in a loud voice proclaimed again his inno-
ccrce and thcn-juSt Is minutes to l
o'clock-thc trigger was pulled and the
unfortun tie men were
LAUNCHED INTO ETERNITY.
Green's neck was blokcn almost at once.
though there were nervous motions OF his
body Tor some mImCNts: but johnson
struggled violently for two minutes, and
died hard.
DrS. Fem. Williams. ard Rivcs, were in
attendance, and pronounced the sentence
Of the law duly executed after Green nad
been hanging tWentN->lN mlhHlcSaIlo JONI
son THIRTY. The bodies were then trans
tcrryd 10 plain coilius and buried in Il dau-
ole grave fifty ybuGs i'll rear OF the county
prison. -,
JoIuSon's brother called III Sheriff Bate
! alter the execution and requested that his
grave should ip liked. is his relatives de-
sired To remove the body after awhile.
The crowd on the outside OF The I'M he'
haycd with great GOODNESS, there being no
| disturbance. and although it was composed
of every age anu sex, yet not the slightest
demonstration of u%iSapproral was apparent,
the better portion even of the colJrCd race
fully sustaining and SInctioning the verdict
OF the jury that condemned Them (com
posed as it WAS of whites and blacks, Eaal
Gals and Conservatives.
The officers hAvi'g charge Of the atai
discharged their painful duties cNtr"mcl.
Well. and the occasion was surrounded b,
AL the solcmnity which should attend In
talking of life i'll the ca,ise Of Law.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

IS De o. CA LlCoRICE.-We are re-
ceiving a email shipment OF the above brand OF
SPANISH LICoRICE, which is equal to the L.
C. YCA'brand or any other. i ~
A. Y. STOKES & CO.,
..iy % Importers Agents. N
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29
Weather Probabilities.

WASHINGTON, July 2S.-Threatening and
rainy weather will probably extend to.
night eastward to Michigan and Eastern
Tennessee. The same is probable for sat
urday in the interior of the southern and
Gulf States, aud pleasant weather for New
ENGLAND.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

w, X. BERKELEY. r. d. BERKELEY.
ID hI1ukHhI5 AT LAW,
FkR.VILGE, VA.
L"u7ts: FRINGE Edward, Cumberland, Buck
ineham, md Charlotte.
uil:r Maiu street. opposite Randolph House.
~ .4-2m
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29
1877.
1871.

SUMNER ARRANGEMENT.
EURa aND POTOMAC ROUrF, GOING
INTO EFFECT JUSE ], 1871.
TEOUGH TRAINS leave Depot, corner Byrd
md S!h streets, as follows
Ihc Day TkaIN daily at 500 4. NJ. hrriyas
ii Washington at l2:l5, Baltimore ~texcept on
s~unlaysl at 2l5, Philadelphia at gas, snd New
York az lo:2o T. II. Il "a r DAY.
Ihe NIGHT TRE1h daily except On ~sundays)
1t 8:4s 2. NJ.
Ihe DAY TRAIN arrives in Richmond at 2:I7
The NIGHT TRAIN arrives In Richmond
(Aoudays exceptedj At a:S0 =. NJ. :
lhe ACCUNAODA1lOS TEAM for Milford
leaves Broad-strees Depot daily Cundays ex-
ceptedl at s:3o L. Il. Arrives IN Richmond AZ $40
A. NJ.
The FREIGHT TRAINS leave on Tuesdays and
Fridays st o.a5 A. II.
Ihh.UGh TlChAT3 and THROUGH BAG
jAGE CHECKS to &! principal po:cs North,
last, and West
Companies offices, corner Brosd and 9Th streets.
TicaaG office, Corner 5s,d and Stll Streets.
.. ii. GESIAY,
General Ticket agent
y f. " ~YnRs Heps-al Snp't- ts7
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29
MAIeHEE ~lNFELLIGEScE

GlI'lATu&E ALMANAC. July %, 1871.
~ riaes.-n-"~.. $50 aoon sets... II
'F W 'iSI GlQ6.....,.. ID
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

A PPOMATTOX PAPER MILL,
IN fG4sEsBUAG, VA,
Manufacturers or News, Book, and Wrapping
pape.s,
Orders solicited. ~ which We promise prompt
and faithful attention.
NCI1WAINE & CO.,
INV 2S-sn Grncers and Commission Merchants.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

PROFESSIONAL C.AEssr.

JACKSON & CLOPTON.
y ATT KStHS 1T LA".
The UNDERSIGNED have this day formed d CO,
partnership for the PRACTICES OF La ". Under
the name and style Of A. heUN Z CLNlIuN.
lHnS. G JACkSIN,
WM. ]. CLOPIoN.
July 90, 1871. jy @l-1w
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

HORRIBLE DEATu.-A negro (n1me uu-
knowr) met with Il horrible death at lhaX-
toms yesterday. In the absence of the
sawyer he e~ndeayorcd to run The saw, and
by some means unexplained to us WAS
caught on the log and carried under to the
saw, and both legs sawed of. He died i'll
great agony.-Li6erty Ne'rS.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

re RECEIVE MORE MACHINES,
WE SELL MORE MACHINES!
WE PLEAsE MORE PEoPLEl
VIZ PRODUCE BEAUTIFUL WORK. :
WE SELL ON MERITs ONLY!
We sell as good a MACHINE IS there Is In the
market for SA3, cash.

Cur customers have no trouble at all when net
tpter.ered with BY envious and meddlesoue COM
~petitors, who have hard work TO. sell machines
controlled by the do,oa-east monopoly, because
thew are sold Ut such crhorbitant prtces-ard
hence their enmlty. - wac cn
IL Is :, - W.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29
LATEST FROM WASHINGTON
The kukluy Inyestipotjou

WASHINGTON, July 2S.-H. W. Guion, of
North Carolina, was examined to. day. He
said that the failure OF conviction and the
pardon OF rascals compelled the
people to organize.
. Gulon, who was an officer Of a railroad
company, had bonds of the State rendered
his road at 4 share of 10 ner cont
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1871-07-29

Correspondence q ire iItcilInona Dispatch.
Roanoke Valley Susse0nd--T:ablic
Meeting and Barbecue neerncs-
ksailrond Views and FoitcieS-Good
Advice.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14

The following from the Goshen papers,
exhibits an alarming state of morals In
Elkhart county. Nothing of this kind
down this way. We remember TO have
had crows nest deposited in our wood
ward 1T Eaporte once, which one OF our
generous patrons deposited there, and
iokinglv called it a load of wood. to pay
for his paper. The joke didn't take worth
cent. We left-.it there subject to his
order. Marshall county Republicans have
been too well educated for that:
Our -neighbor of The Democrat got q
load of wood last week; or at least we
observed a load of sycamore poles ane
rotten rails coming to town on Thurs
siay last, which we felt confident was IN
tended for the printer, and as 1t qua nc
come to this office, we supposed ou
neighber got it.-Goshe1a Times.
There is little too much truth in tbs
above to make joke of it. 1t seems tina
some people think nothing is too meal
and worthless to poke off on the printer
We were informed some time ago that
coed christian gentleman y was see
bringing such miserable load OF WOO
to town that a neighbor was anxious I
know what he expected to do with
when he answ, by saying that II We
10 oay Billy b. = for the Goshen Dem
crnf This.is aI3.ii. When we hear TIL
man talking sa Z previously, we lnwar
" think that b ilfull of such CHRISTIAN
Goshen Dsm< 4
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
BURLINGTON.

Leaving the East and arriving at Chica-
go or indianapolis, how shall we reach
the West? The best Line is acknowl-
edged to be the c., B. & O., joined togeth-
er with the B. g. NJ. Railroad by the Iron
Bridge at Burlington, and called the BUR
LINGToN ROUTE.
The main line of the Route running to
Omaha connects with the great Pacific
Roads and forms to day the leading route
to California The Mf3Ele Branch, enter
ing Nebraska at Portsmouth, passes
through Lincoln, the state Capital and
will this year be finished to Fort;keaEpey,
forming the shortest route across the
Continent by over 100 miles. =
Anotherbranch of the B.. N. :, dvefging
at Red Oak, falls into line running down
the Missouri through St. Joe to Kansas
City, and all Kansas. Passengers by this
route to Kansas, see Illinois,, Southern
Iowa, and Missouri, and; by aslight di
vergence, can see Nebraska also.
Lovers of fine views should remember
the Burlington Route, for its towns high
cleaning from afarn-its tree-fringeo
streams-its rough bluffs and $ quaTfies
its corn-oceans stretching over the pr'li
ries further than eye.can reach. s~d@a 81
Land buyers will be sure to remenbei
It. for they have friends among: the twt
thousand who have already bought farm
from Geo. S. Hurts, the Land Commits
sioner of the B. Z M. r. r. at Burlington
Iowa. or among he four thousand home
steaders and pc elapters who last yea
i filed claims in lie, Lincoln land Office
where "Unclel. lie rich enough to Civ
US all farm"
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
The Prince of Wales not Dead

Early in the reek, the daily newspapers
announced the death of the Prince OF
Wales Later accounts contradict the re-
port,-but from latest reports. such an
event is almost certain to happen very
soon. The following is from this morn
ing's daily papers:
LONDON, Dec -, SooN-The Prince
passed a restless night. There is no inn
provement in his condition.
Mn the case of the Prince, there
has been no alteration to the flrst stages
of convalcScencc, as every one had light
to expect.
\ dispatch to the Echo says: "Delirium
is constant but not violent. He does not
rave, but murmurs incoherently hour at
ter hour, without essation.'
| 4 Herald special from London says
The recovery of the Prince appears to be
/ IMPOSSIBLE In the case of his death a
Council q. Regency will probably be ere
ated. composed of the Duke of Cambridge,
the Duke of Edinburgh, the Princess o
Wales, and perhaps others. This is like
ly to take place Immediately, and he fol
lowed by a discussion upon the power o
the present Parliament to continue its ses
sions, or whether it is necessary to til,
country as an extraordinary occasion"
5P M-There is a feeling in some Gil
cles that the official bulletins have repre-
sented the case of the Prince of Wales t
be worse than it really is, in order t
arouse sympathy for the Prince and max
him more popular.
11:30 p. Mo change in the Prince
condition.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14

The Plyn outh REPUBLICAN is becom-
ing somewhat democratic-it opposes
mob law If it is not careful it will be
wiped out. of the Grant party. BE sure
YOU are right, Bro Bender, and then go
ahead we are with you on that issue.
We have had bayonet rule long enough
Amor Ledger.
If be Democratic to oppose mob law,
then we are a Democrat; but Mr.. Mus
selman, how does it come you oppose
mob law and work with the present so
called Democratic party in which all the
mob spirit and venomous hate doubly
distilled is conferred? The present Demo
cratic party is the party of mobs. II
sought by mobs to carry the elections in
Philadelphia. 1t did control New York
for twenty years by mobs-and the editor
of the Ledger ought to remember thai
Gen. Grant at the head of his brave men
suppressed one of the largest mobs tina
ever was generated in any country, anC
brough; peace to our homes. For thi
we are with him, can stand by him, ant
we can't see why any man who is in favo
of law and order, is not Grant man.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
The Prince Royal of England


A special dispatch to the Cincinnati
Times 6 Chronicle. dated London, Dec.
10th says
An official telegram, dated Sandring-
ham, p NJ, says ''it is evident, from
the distress which prevails there, that the
last hours of the Prince are approaching.
The whole household has been thrown
into the deepest gloom by the words of a
special messenger who left the sick cham
Der shortly after noon with dispatches for
London. He declared unreservedly that
he did not expect to find His Royal High
ness living when he returned. 1t is evil
dent that all hope is abandoned. Prayers
for the recovery of the Prince were yes
| terday offered in the Anglican and Roman
Catholic Churches, the Jewish Synago-
CUES and Dissenting Chapels. A pro-
found and widespread feeling of grief and
uneasiness prevails Business is almost
wholly suspended throughout the coun-
try.
The morning and evening papers issue
extra editions every hour. The office
bulletins are surrounded by great crowds
of anxious and silent people.
3 P. Mt is reported that with one
exception the Prince has been uncon
scious since the first of the month.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
Constit ution of the Marshall Co
Teachers ASSOCIATION.

We, the undersigned, form ourselves
into an association called the Teachers
Association of Marshall county.
ART. 1st. The officers of the Associa-
ton shall be President, Vice President,
Secretary and Assistant Secretary, Treas
urer and Executive Committee of seven.
I'd. The County Examiner, in virtue
of his office shall be President, whose
duty it shall be to preside at all meetings
of the Association.
3d. 1t shall be the duty of the Vice
| President to preside in the absence of the
President.
4th 1t shall be the duty of the Secre-
tary and Assistant to keep record of the
proceedings of the Association and pre-
serve all papers belonging thereto.
5tb. 1t shall be the duty of the Treas
urer to collect all moneys belonging to
the Association and pay out the same on a
written order signed by majority of the
Executive Committee.
9Th The President of the Association
Shall NC O4dlEl HAL vi VIC CACCoei'O Ooiii'
} mittee. 1t shall be the duty of the Com
mittee to appoint the time and place OF
meeting of the Association, to make al
f arrangements for the same and pro-
gramme for the Association, at least three
months in advance of the time of meeting
e a copy of which he shall furnish the Sec
rotary, who shall send a written notice t.
; each member of the Association to whom
r exercises have been assigned.
a 7tb. Any person may become mem
Der of this Association by giving his o
r her name to the Secretary and paying
It gentlemen so cts. and ladies % cets.,-
initiation fee.
y Sth. The Association may by tw'
C thirds vote levy tax on each member TO
defraying expenses of the Association.
9th. A fine of fifty cts. shall be as
sessea for each days absence, and on
dollar for failure in the performance
" exercise assigned. unless excused by tn
b Executive Committee.
10 10th. The Association shall hold rel
ular semi annual meetings during Il
re second week of April and November
az each year, and the Executive Committ'
Mt may call extra sessions by giving thr'
er weeks notice in the county papers.
nth. The officers of the Associate
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
The Mob Spirit

4 Young man who has become decided
~ notorious in Plymouth, for one of his
age, committed an assault and battery,
after making himself partially insane with
liquor, upon the person of another young
man, for some fancied or real grievance,
last Saturday night, in manner which,
Judging from the blood stained sidewalk
might have proved fatal. We suppress
the names, for we do not desire to injure
any one by giving the affair publicity, but
rather to benefit all concerned.
If hut the two persons had been en-
gagged in the affair, it might nave been of
little interest to the public; but as we
have the story, a reform is much need in
the morals of the place.
The report is that the Young man as
saulted was in business house on Michi-
gan street about s O'Clock in the evening,
when he was called out by the person
who assaulted him, and had brought with
him a number of young men about his
own ace, 10 witness the affair, and they
not only looked on, but prevented Others
from interfering to prevent, what they had
good reason to believe would result in
murder.
1t is high time this lawless spirit
which seems to be gaining ground, Should
be arrested-and it is the duty of every
good citizen to exert his influence in thai
direction. So longas men who are looked
up to as leaders in community, counten
ance and encourage mob law, and applaud
thcviolaters of law, the weak minded, an(
the young and inexperienced will be Iount
willing tools to execute what they, per
haps, unintentionaliy direct.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
List of Patents

issued from, the United States Patent Of
fee to Indiana Inventors for the week end
ing Dee ), 1871, and each bearing
that date. Furnished this paper by cox
II COX, Solicitors of Patents, Washing
ton, D. c.:
Hosting Apparatus, j. Nicholson,
Monticello.
Detachable Draft Hook, same inventor.
Medical Compound, n. McElfrish,
Elizabeth.
Cooking Stove, ]. A. Weakley, Indian
apolis.
Plew, j Butler, HUFF Township.
Fifth Wheel, A. Finley. cambridge.
Tile for Roofing, ]. B. Hughes, Ierrt
Haute.
Machine for Cutting Wedges, N. War
ner, Jasper County.
Shoe Quarters, S. Babbitt, Brazil.
Trace Coupling, j. R. Finley, Delphi
Compound for Coloring Leather, G
jaeger, indianapolis.
Wagon Body, j. d. Petit, Rochester.
Stump Extractor, J. d. Troger, Goshen
TRADE MARKS.
Medicine, Cloud, AIKEN s Co., Evans
vile,
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14
Bourbon Items.
By TATTLER.
BouRBoN IND. Dec

BOURBON IND, Dec 18th III
Our streets are daily crowed with peo-
pie from the surrounding country, and
business and trade are lively.
The Big Dunkard meeting in this place
is creating quite stir. From my .observa-
ton last night, they will soon see that
larger meeting house will be necessary if
they continue services this week. Elder
P. J. Brown of Ohio, assisted by six or
eight other able speakers are in atten-
dance.
am informed that Warsaw has very
large and interesting Bung Factory, and
that they manufacture bungs of all sizes.
In passing some mills in the vicinity of
suburban village noticed great many
hollow logs, feeling curiosity to know
what they could be used for, | learned
that they are sawed into post and bung
holes hence the necessity of the Warsaw
Factory.
l see from the papers that some enter
| prising persons from Ohio are prospect
ing in Plymouth for location for cali
nursery, may success attend the enter
prise. If the right parties go into it they
will undoubtedly succeed in raising q
good many tails.
The Corporation Board Of our town,
are as lively a set of do nothing officers
as any town can boast if board is bro
ken in any Of the plank sidewalks, and
where it is used daily and nightly by
hundreds of people, we might notify the
Marshal and Board and then wait {
month-call pablo meeting, nsurp mol
law authority, take the matter into oul
own hands, send to California and have
one of the mammoth trees of that country
sawed into plank, shipped to Bourbon
and seasoned in the sun, and laid dow
sixty days before they would take tn
fir step tward repairs.
We have two shops in this town wher
a large number of ak handles are mad
by hand, they received orders last weel
from Chicago alone of over six hundre'
| uOZen UdnuleS.
Wednesday morning the winter session
of Salem College opens. A number Of yer
promising looking young gentlemen hav
already secured boarding places who hav
not attended here before. | noticed
among others one bright looking youn
man from Iowa, who designs attendin
College, and will probably remain unit
he graduates he comes over five hundre
miles from the west, and we have other
here who have come over six hundre
miles from the east
The Bourbon Mirror office is receivin
large amount of job work which
:. suppose is very encDura ging to then
Their subscription list is also running u
rapidly. May happiness and prosperit
ever attend the editors and publishers
this county is my sincere wish. May IL
" light emanating from the press in tn
! county, shine until it pcnetrates ever
dark cerner in the universe, and be a
know lodged as the luminaries of Il
u nineteenth century the world over.
Marshall County Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1856-1878, 1871-12-14

The reduction of the public debt for the
year ending June Sd, 1911, as taken from
the official report OF the Secretary of the
Treasury was ninetyfour millions one
hundred and twenty-seven thousand
seven hundred and sixty-four dollars and
eighty-four cents.
The total decrease in the same from
March 1st, 1869, to Dec. LIST, 1911, was
two hundred and seventy-seven millions
two hundred and eleven thousand eight
hundred and ninety-two dollars and six
teen cents.
From this it will be seen that the public
debt is being paid off at the rate of one
hundred millions per year, which if con
tinued will wipe the same out in twenty
years, and reduce taxation every year.