davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
AN EYE TO BUSINESS From a wss

AN EYE TO BUSINESS From q wes>
tern paper @e cut the following notice: ):
Died-After a short illness yesterday.
my wife, leaving behind her three infant
children. In the hope that her poor
soul is with God, 1 beg to- inform ms
customers that my store will be as we'll
furnished as formerly, having coufdeS
my business to my principal clerk-vhu
is extremely intelligent and as wen ssssS
ed in the businessas the deceased her:
self.
an. B.-Fresh eorued beef just ter
ceived"
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04

W NJ Hunter, BarhweiI.
c E Lartigue, Bleckvflle.
d II Durisos, Edgefeld Oh. Z
James Mason, Yorkville.
FIN Godbold, Cokesbury.
DR. Alex McCloud, Bennettsville.
DR. ] e Carnes, B~ishopville.
BIZ Whitner, Anderson.
j s Cothran, Abbeyille.
r G DeFontaine, Columbia.
Benjamin Rober, Edgeield G H.
John r Green, Travelling, Columbia.
James e Black, Columbia.
DIR B w Lawton, Travelling, Savannah.
DR. J GOODWIN, Travelling. O~rangeburg.
DR. Z A Walker, Greenville.
Robert w Shand, Union.
UNIVERSAL.
Rev W T Farrow, Travelling, Greenwood.
r E Cochrane, Travelling, Charlotte, N c.
Thos A Boone, Travelling, Charlotte, NC.
w n Marchant, Graaiteyile.
LOUISIANA EQUITABLE.
w ] Hoke, General, Columbia.
PHOENIX MUTUAL.
VIM ] Molyneaux, General, Charleston.
J.. L. NFAGLE,
Comptroller General of South Corolina.
oct % II
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
FOR SALE

4-sAsASRse. That VALUABLE PLANTA-
ALTON known ms "Bellcville,'
formerly owned by Mr.. Charles
@322aasss r. Thompson, situated in Or
augsburg County, near Fort Motto Depot,
containing 1910 acres of Land, a part of
which is WELL TiMBERED, tho balance
CLEARED and admirably adapted TO the
Culture OF COTTON and PROVISIONS, An
excellent RANGE for STOCK in the Conga-
rec Swamp, A fne Water Power near the
South Carolina Railroad, pwELLINa in
good order and 0uthpildlngs,
If not before disposed Of, viii DO sold at
auction under the mortgage TO Oliver Mid
dleton, on the LIST Monday in February next.
Terms made known at sale.
JOHN CoLeoCK & CO.,
Charleston, s.. G..
Or COL. A. r. kMAKER,
ST, Matthew T. o., ), G.
ass "a II
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
EXECUTIVE
STATE TREASURY OFFICE.

STATE Treasury OFYIcE,
COLUMBIA, s c., December l, 1870.
HNHE INTEREST falling due on the
Coupon Bonds of the State Of South
Carolina to the LIST of January, 1871, will be
paid IN COLD on and after that date at the
office of III. H.. Kimpton, Financial Agent of
the State, No, 9, Nassau Street, Nay York,
and at this Office.
The interest falling due on the Registered
Stock of the State to january LIST, 1871, win
be paid IN GOLD on and after that date at
the Treasury Office only.
NILES G. PARKER
Treasurer State South Carolina.
dec 8 q
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04

os S'y SSPbCmboi 1OSOs
To all uhom it may concern;
THIS Is TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOL-
lowing Insurance Companies, having deposi-
ted the amount Of Securities Of this State re-
quired of them respectfully by the Act OF
December, 1869, entitled san Act to better
protect Holders Of Insurance Policies in this
State and having otherwise fulfilled tho re-
quirements of said Act, and of all other Acts
relating to Insurance in this State, are au-
thorized to transact business therein under
licenses heretofore and to be hereafter issued
to their Agents, until the expiration Of the
time therein specified
FIRE COMPANIES.
Dcpos 600 each
Union, Of Baltimore, Md.
Union, of San Francisco, Cal.
Etna, Of New York City.
Continen tai, of New York City.
Germania. of New York City.
Georgia Home, Of Columbus, Ga.
Hartford. OF Hartford, Conn.
non!e, OF Nc, York City,
Imperial, of London.
International, of New York City.
Liverpool and London and Globe, Of London
and Liverpool.
Manhattan, ofNew York City.
Merchants and Mechanics, of Baltimore, Md.
National, of Baltimore, Md.
North American, Of New York City.
North British and Mercantile, Of London
and Edinburgh.
Orient Mutual, of New York City.
Pacific, Of San Francisco, Cal.
Phenix, of BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Putnam, of Hartford, Conn.
Richmond Banking and Insurance, of Rich
mond, Va.
Security, of New York City.
LIFE COMPANIES
600 each
Carolina, of Memphis, Tenn.
Cotton States, Of Macon, Ga.
Equitable Life Assurance Society Of the Uui-
ted States of New York City.
Knickerbocker, of New York City.
New York, ofNew York City.
Piedmont ond Arlington, Of Richmond. Va.
Policy Holders Life Inc Tontine Assurance
Company Of the South, Of Charleston 8. C..
Security Life and Annuity, o fNew York City.
Southern of Memphis, Tenn.
st. Louis Mutual, Of st. Louis, No.
Universal, Of New York City.
j. L. NEAGLE,
oct 29-tf Comptroller General.
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04

LIFE COMPANIES.
CARtLlNA.
DuBcse. Winsbcro.
7 y Richardson, Sur&er
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
.OFFICIAL.
CIRCULAR.
EXECUTIVES DEpARTMENT

OFffChUf LHh GENERAL,
CoLUMBIA, s. c., january 10, $50.
MOTICE is hereby given to all Agents of
IN Insurance Companies doing business in
this State, that on and after the tw~enty-irst
day. Of February, 1870, they will be required
TO obtain new licenses, and before said iicen-
ses are issued, the Companies will be reEuir-
ed to make g deposit of certain bonds or
stock with the Act Of December 22d, 1860, q
copy OF whiohsis lereunto appended. The
law viii be rigidly enforced, md all Compa-
mics must make the deposit within the time
specified.
JaL. NEAGLE,
Comptroller General. *
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
NUMBER 51
The Southern Fife Insurance Cos2s
pany.

Every effort Of opposition, bearing q
semblahce to truth, has been used by
Northern Insurance Societies, 70 weas
ken the interests of the aSouthe-n Life
and destroy it's vast business, thas IL
rapidly absorbing the stream Of wealth;
hitherto pouring into che pockets Of
Northern Capitalists. But che abass 60
lavishly and ingeniously expended, hso
proven but braxen bands Of strssgeB,
rendering doubly strong and pross
pe.ers, .hi= Heass enterprise. re- 5T.as-
ches extend over the entire Southern
Country, and thessshrcwdsat inancisfs
Of Wall Street ratio its stock on . par
With Government Securities. And even
in the Northern eitiesi il Is yicing secs
cessfully in business with Northern Com
panies. It is not our purpose to ward
off the harmless attacks Of Northern,
Companies, they have so long fttensa
n Southern patronage, that they part
with it reluctantly, bat we wish to. Offer
a few reasons, why Southern people,
should prefer to sustain a Southern COM
pany.
/. It's assets Of 81, 200, 900, is sBsesl
times in excess of its liabilities.
2. The Capital Stock of $4,000 III
fully paid up, and is ratedA No! Fly
the irst Bankers Of New York.
3. Its dividends to Stockholders paid
annually, are less than the Salary paid
to q President of q Northern Campany.
4. The earnings Of the Society, ate
kept at home to build up our impoyers
ished land.
8. This Company pays its Agents less
than Northern Companies, and the en-
tire expense of Officers and Clerks Sab
aries, does not amount to $12, 600.
Its direction and management Is In
the hands of such men az Generals
Wade Hampton, and Gordon. The ma.
ture Of the Securities accepted for loans,
are such as TO render losses practically
impossible. And particular care il OBJ
served by the Medical b,para that every
person Offering for assaiancc Is SQUAD
and healthy.
II is no longer a, matter for reflection
that every head of . family, who cam
should insure. The precarious chances
of any business, and the certainly os
death, decide thut it is duty. Amnlk
part of your income SET aside EACH year,
will secure a maintenance TO- your helps
less ones in the event of death, and tho
dread of leaving them u~npfosided fori
will be removed. IF then it $50 duty
to hsare your life, it is equally q duty
to do s o 10 E Company, that is aflisd tot
you in interest and in. principle, Why
support a Northern Company, when n.
Southern Company Isl in yoar midst.
Do yourselves the justice to keep your
mems here at home, support the South
erm Life Insurance, Company, and re-
lieve yourselves from Northeru,t hFaldonr
by encouraging a Southern enterprise
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
STATE TREASURY OFFICE,

COLUMBIA, S. c., December l, 1870.
TIME BOOKS of the Treasury Office for
the Transfer and Conversion of STOCKS
and BONDS will be closed on and after the
moth instant until the lst proximo, for con-
%vcience in preparing statement of interest
due to January l, 1871.
NILES G. PARKER,
Treasurer State 8. c.
dec 8 O
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, !
oFrioE or OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.

UFFlCE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,
COLUMBIA, s. c., September l, 1870.
TIME following list Of Licensed Insurance
Agents is published for tho information
OF all concerned. Those Companies markets.
have not complied with the provisions Of the
Act of December, 1869, requiring n deposit
of State Securities, and their Agents are
authorized 10 transact such business only as
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
p AND Our COUNTRY.


may be necessary for the ful6llment Of con-
tracts made prior to the twenty-sccond dry
Of February, 1870. Al agents are required
to publish their Licenses In the Daily Re
Pt6aedp, of Charleston on South Carolina Re
PUBLICAN, Of Columbis, as disected in Circu-
lar issued from this Office, under the date of
September j, 1869. a - b.,
The Orangeburg news. [volume] (Orangeburg, S.C.) 1867-1875, 1871-02-04
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, l
OFFICE SECRETARY OF TATE. 4

OFFICE SECRETARY OF STATE.
/. F. L. Cardoza, Secretary Of State Of
South Carolina, do hereby certify that the
above is o correct copy of an Act entitled
IAN Act to better protect holders of insnr-
anse policies in this State" on file in this
office,
Given under my hand and the
(@) seal of the State. in Column
SEAL. bia, this 2!th day Of Deeem-
l-J Der, A. d. 1869. and in the
Oath year of American indie
pendence.
+. L. CARDOZA,
Secretary Of State.
OCT % II
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15

North CAROLINA does not disappoint
even the highest hopes that were inspired
by the earliest returns of the late election.
The first estimate by Republicans of the
majority against the convention was ''be-
tween 10000 and 15,O00.v Now we have
more careful canvass, giving a majority
of $4,000, which is coming out pretty well
for guess made on election day. In the
third Congressional district, where Ship,
Democratic candidate for encouragement,
had 343 majority over Phillips, Republican,
last year, the Republicans had a majority
of 1900 this year. ''Conservatismv is MOI
doing well just now in North Carolina. "a.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
PROGRESS IN kENruCKY.

In 1850 the vote of Kentucky stood, Lin
coin, 1864 Democratic, 94,S52. In 1864
the vote stood, Republican, 81, 766; DEM
ocratic, 64,32l. In 1868 the vote stood,
Grant, 39,566; Seymore, 10, 1889, a ma
jority of &c, 323. In 1870 the vote on cam
didates for Congress, the colored vote being
polled for the first time, stood, Republic
lcan, 57,26l Democratic, ss,945. And
now comes the election of 1871, and the
Democratic candidate for Governor has but
10000 majority on full vote of the State.
The total vote of each party has not yet
been ascertained; but the returns show
that the large annual gain of the Republic
cans is kept up. 1t is not too much to ex-
pect that in a comparatively short time
Kentucky will throw off the Bourbon ru-
lers, and become as strong Republican
State as Ohio or Illinois. iae
The growth of the Republican vote is
more than equal to the increase of the
State as the old generations pass away
the new, progressive and liberal population,
which is all Republican, are taking their
places. Ten years ago Kentucky laughed
in scoin at the ''Black Republicans" and
in 1871 it required all the energies of the
Democratic party, with all their old preju-
dices and hates, to prevent that same Re-
publican party electing the governor, and
obtaining control of the Legislature. All
honor to the brave and persevering Repub-
leans of Kentucky. A few more years
and their devotion will be crowned with
victory, and the State will be redeemed.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
! PRINTERS WAREHOUSE.
rINHE LARGEST TYPE FOUNDRY l9Ill
Il 80 n ilI .fN 9la1d3 llfH ,iSai9ig,n
sal.Q % AND MORE EXTENSIVE sq3as ial.l
PRINTERS FURNISHING WAREHOUSE
South of Philadelphia, is the establishment of
sI s II. L. PELOUZE s. CO., eaEte{
-.4i. o.. go !yL1 ..atf d; ts4fqr
RICHMOND, VA.
rhe Richmond Dispatch saws:


The Richmond Dispatch says; "a dolrgb =
il RICHMOND TYPE FoUNDRy.--The new dress in
which the Dispatch has appeared for some weeks
was furnished by Messrs. HI. l.. PELoUzE & Co,
proprietors of the Richmond Type Foundry.
We, have been using their type for eight or ten
years, and have found them equal in durability
and style of finish to the best fotIndries in this
country and England. Their prices are uniform
with all the other foundrfes.''
The Richmond Wig says: 'b.ai3.
THE RICHMOND TYPE FOUNDRY We have been
guilty of an iuadvertence in failing to mention
that the beautiful suit OF type in whichthe Wing
now appears was manufactured for US at the
Richmond Type Foundry This is the third out
fit we have obtained from that establishments
one before and two since the lwar-and we are
prepared to bear emphatic testimony to the 1idel-
ity with which the proprietors (Messrs H. L.
Pelouze & Coz execute their contracts, to the
beauty and durability of their work. and to the
fairness of their prices.
4 The Richmond Enquirer says :ah .niadsNs
z The handsome typographical appearance of
this paper has been noticed and complimented by
the press all over the country We take pleasure in
stating that our outfit was procured from the
Richmond Type Foundry, Messrs. II. l.. Pelouze
Il Co., proprietors. je 15-deod&w6m
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
POLITICAL NOTES.

The next State election to be held this
year is that of California, on Tuesday,
September 5, when Governor and other
State officers will be chosen. The Legisla-
ture of the Territory Of Wyoming is chosen
on the same day. ~ sls zen eals "a
1t is understood, says the Boston Trans
script, that the Hon. Alexander 1T. Rice
has yielded to the solicitations of influential
citizens, and will allow his name to 60 be-
fore the Republican convention as a candi-
date for Governor. ita l.a. IL ,srss41 4, n.
With a feeling somewhat like despair,
the Augusta (Ga.) sCOnstii,daoRalists re-
marks that it will certainly require a Dem
ocratic candidate for the Presidency of most
exemplary purity of character to counter
act the evil deeds Of Tammany. sla.si $500
Although both political parties in Cin-l
cinnat refuse to make the Sunday Question
an issue in the next election, the advocates
of each side of the question declare their
purpose to vote for no candidate who will
not pledge himself to their views, and thus
the elections will be much influenced by
this issue. A
The Democrats of North Carolina con-
cede the defeat of the constitutional con-
vention by at least 8, 600 majority. That
they are very unhappy IN it, may be Judged
from the words of the Wilmington Journal.
which says: "We make the acknowledge
ment with regret, and with dark fore
bodings for the welfare of the State. We
submit to the decree of the majority as be-
comes law-abdng citizens, and shall labor
faithfully and zealously to save the State
from ruin." % So a5.1l f.ssi. III. i5.s ..'s,s !
The Raleigh IN. C.)i Sentinel, a Demo-
cratic paper, speaking of the solid manner
in which the negro vote was thrown against
the convention, says: ssThe Inevitable ten
dency of a consolidated negro vote is to
produce in the end a consolidated white
vote-and woe betide the poor darkey
when that day comes" This is the kind
of language that inspired Ku-lIluxism,
and which makes the colored man cling
closer to Republicanisin, even though his
fidelity costs him his life. aa
The Tammany Ring are Stunned and de-
serted by all to whom they appeal. They
are regarded by all honest men as moral
lepers, whose garments and persons must
be cleansed of the damaging impurities
which befoul them, ere they can be admit
ted to honorable fellowship, The only
course left for Tammany is plain one.
ment of ali their transactions. If i trne
that This like tbe un;mneacbed nno'1oss
Toned Statement made nv tha ty,ansf Ill
show those transact;ons to he rotten '' Nth vi,
fraud hnt If will Afford tbe neorla' tha " sot,
isfaction of knowing where tbe;. ronav h"s
gone Tre,fon M ~ -Gogette ''''''
nv, -"
Inc se. cltlzens, ASSOCIATION OF the Twelfth
ana Nineteenth wards have. very sharply
put the whoie case OF the alleged frauds on |
the city treasury III a letter 70 Mayor Hall,
bearing the names oil many prominent men,
"hat lis Honor r., VIII 40 about It IS quite
an9ther thing. Inc citizens tell him, IN
substance, that IL he and Connolly cannot
reiute the charges made against them, they |
must pc CONSIDERED guilty and must get |
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15

it is proved that in the mere equipment of
the New Courthouse over six millions of
dollars have been stolen from the tax
payers of this City, through fraudulent
warrants issued by the agents Of Tammany.
N. Y. Cor. Delhi Express.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
'TIxCURsION SEASON OpENED!e,Isn.
SHIPPING
LNOR NEW YORK. qesi on III .zsE

'os NEW eve No % ..- ~ ~. e. lit
- The VIRGINIA STEAMSHIP and PACKET
COMPANY'S elegant steamship GEORGE b.
UPTON, Captain ROBERTS, will leave her wharf
at Rockets on TUESDAY, August 10, at p. M.
ID Connecting With steamers for Hartford, Nor
witch, Stonington, Fail River and Boston from
same pier. = g 9iiRf9anfaN adl n9iu .lGit
q Freight received up to the hour of sailing. l.
y Close connections and through bills of lading
given to- all southern eastern and western
places; also, to Europe and Australia. .'.'
ID Fare, 50; meals and state-rooms extra.
= ID. j. BURR, President,
1914 Main street.
. WAsnIXeToN s. Co., agents, Pier H. North river.
New York. ,,Jp - s,tp au l4-2t
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
IRON FRONTS, 1

Nerandahs, Balconies, Iron Ratings, Vault and
cellar Doors, Gratings, Window Guards, Avn
ing Frames Cornthian Columns and Capitols
ornamental Window Caps, Ornamental Brackets
LOT Balconies, Shelving, &c Ventilators for Brick
ana Wood Cornice, Gas and Water Pipe, Hy-
for Culverts and Hydrants, Coal Shoots, and all
kinds OF IRON WORK for buildings generally
Wealso manufacture, together with the above
work PLOW-CASTINGS, and would respect
tuily solicit the patronage of merchants and
farmers. Aiiwork guaranteed, and orders filled
with dispatch. n ts n no I6-6in
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
THE WEEKLY JOURNAL

/.
Win contain a faithful resume of the News of
the Week from all parts of the world; full and
accurate reports of the Richmond and Baltimore
Markets; well digested Editorials upon all the
current matters of interest, Political Financial,
Commercial, Agricultural and general topics !;
selections from the leading journals of this coun
try, local and State news, &c. This paper will
maintain the principles of The National Repub-
lican Party, and strenuously advocate all mea-
sures to advance the public good Believing
POPULAR EDUCATION to be the great want
Of our State and Country, we shall give large
space to its advocacy. We shall devote large
portion of our columns to the subjects of Agri-
cultural, Horticultural and Mining interests, Civ
ing interesting articles these subjects from able
contributors eirfG igjn3niln2 Yta
=, Remittances should be made by money orders
or registered letters, and addressed 10 a., t,a,.,
= EDWARD DANIELS,
Editor and Manager State Journal, Richmond.
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
SPECIAL NOTICES.
THE "P AIN KILL e r.


The PAIN KILLER" may justly be styled 7.
the great medicine of the world for there is no.
region of the globe into which IL has not found
its way, and been largely used and highly priced
Moreover, there is no cline to which 1t has not =
proved to be well adapted for the cure of a con
siderable variety of diseases. 1t is speedy and
safe remedy for burns, scalds, CUTS bruises,
wounds and various other injuries, as well as for
dysentery, diarrhea and bowel complaints gene,
rally. 1t is admirably suited for every race Of A
men on the face of the globe. tsaas won isa1e
tits very significant fact, that notwithstand-
ing the long period of years that the pain
KILLER has been before the world, il has rs
never lost one whit of its popularity, but, on the
contrary, the call for it has steadily increased
from its first discovery, and at no previous time
has the demand for II been SO great or the guam
tity made been so large, as it is today. ,.. AID,
Another significant fact is, that nowhere has .
the g PAIN KILLER ever been in higher re- q
pute, or been more generally used by families
and individuals, than it has been here at home
where it was first discovered and introduced ,
That the PAIN KILLER" will continue to
be, what we have styled it. THE GREAT MEDICINE
OF THE WORLD, there cannot be the shadow of a
Doubt rouideace Advertiser iyl6-lmd&w
The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-08-15
REAL ESTATE DISTRIBUTION.
100000 { 100000.
REAL ESTATE DISTRIBUTION OF
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, FOR 1871.
"a Y .tiELlll Bl5i
SHARES FIVE DOLLARS EACH.

fafsa 1851 iiIll =rl1 ffift ~ Hitf
Z Si67, in % choice and valuable pieces OF
REAL ESTATE, and 1913, 600 in PERSONAL
PRoPERTY-the distribution ofwhich will take
place on the
4 MIA 31st day or August. G1 4
In the above can be found some of the finest
improved and best paying property in the city of
Memphis, among the leading Of which is the 7 {
n. NEW MEMPHIS THEATRE.
Erected at a cost of $4,000, and now renting for
S3,OOO per annum. Palatid and cottage residen-
ces, valuable business houses prominently loca-
ted, beautiful suburban homes, a fine plantation
in a high state of cultivation, near the city, and
others really ranging from $4,000 to $s0,O00-all
under the management of
MEsSRs. PAsSNoRE s RUFFIN,
Real Estate Agents, Memphis, Tenn, who re-
spectfully refer to the citizens of that city.
tMCbGD q NOTICE a IA M All
All the shares unsold at the time of distribu-
ton will be surrendered and their corresponding
numbers not allowed any representation.
The managers will not hold share thus guar
anteeing the shareholders the full control.
For shares, circulars, or any information as to
this
GRAND REAL ESTATE DISTRIBUTION,
address or apply to
JOHNSTON & SELDEN,
Dl0 yiltoi-ii Book and News Agents lt,s
~ -ugl No. 9ls Main street, Richmond, Va.
~ iu lU-tu .i........... t..... Id