The Hawaiian gazette., 1871-01-25

This Colony Is. perhaps, the most selfdepend-
ent Of any in Australia, by reason Of its vast
area ard comparatively small population. II is
the pioneer Of the Australian Colonies, and il
was there sha, gold was first discovered 10 1881.
What mighty change since thenl Then, the
whole country was Que vast sheep-run, and sgd
ney an Insignificant seaport town; Hor,
thriving, prosperous Colony, with its important
inland towns, mining and agriculturall its rail-
ways and It's commerce. and Sydney transformed
iuto an important and foarishing city, with
population Of 10000 In all it produces, the
supply is more than equal to the demand and,
moreover. all colonial productions are placed in
the market at-such rates as to defy foreign eonl-
petition.
Sydney-the Naples Of the South-is worthy
q a visit. if on no other accosnt than to see its
harbor, he beauties Of which defy description.
and must be seen to be appreciated. II is n well
laid-oat city, and has number of handsome pub
he buildings, and the country surrounding it is
perhaps the most picturesque in ibe Australian
Colonies. The form of government is similar TO
that Of New Zealand except in the matter Of
Provincial Councils. In their place are substi-
tuted Shire Boards, Road Boards, aud Munich
palities. Earl Belmore is the presenl Governor.
New South Wales is essentially squatting"
colony, that is it is devoted to pastoral pursuits
the term squatter" being applied to any gentle
man who is the owner or lessee Of large tract
of land on which he raises cattle and sheep. TN
I >fafion thara u = h,ilinr down" aSfahSh-
ment where sheep. after being divested of their
skins, are thrown into boilers and their fat ex-
traeied the refuse serving as food for the din
goes'-native dogs. The fat aud wool from this
source are in due time forwarded to Syduey,
where they are either utilized or shipped in their
raw state to other countries. Squatterdoms is
the ruling power Of the Colony it is highly
profitable pursuit. aud the majority Of those en-
gagged in it are men Of great wealth But if its
advantages are great many Of its disadvantages
are equally so. For-instance, the country Is but
poorly watered, and many of these stOck-owners
are dependant on rain-fas for the sustenance of
their iOcks. 1t not unfrequently occurs that
drought of six or eight months duratioa sets in
all the creeks and in some instances The rivers.
are dried up-and sleep and cattle die by
thousands. Then again, they very often suffer
| from the opposite extreme: foods Of a serious
nature inundate large tracts of country, sweeping
away everything in their course, aud bringing
ruin and devastation upon many prosperous sta
/ tons
In addition to wool, tallow and hides, which
are the staple productions Of the colony, New
South Wales also produces diamonds gold kero-
sene, and coal The latter is found n great
Abundance at Newcastle, about seven hours
steaming from Sydney, and the quality of the
coal is the best in the Colonies. 1t is the great
coaIing depot Of Australia. The principal gold
producing districts are Ophir Sofala the Iacb-
Ian. Mudgee, Young and Braidwood A mint
I for the coinage of money has been established in
/ Sydney. and the greater portion of the gold coin
in circulation in the Colonies Is issued from that
mint Diamonds. Of considerable value. have
been found at Tuena Greek, 10 the Mudgee Dis
trct but mining for these precious stones is still
il its infancy. Kerosene oil, Of good quality
/ has, within the last few years. been found to
exist 10 paying quantity, and already the psoduce
I
portion Of the amount consumed in the Colony.
/ 10 addition to all this, New Sonth Wales is a
manufacturing Colony Amongst its other in
/ dustries may be quoted as the most AOurisbing,
/ the manufacture Of tweeds. which, for durability
and quality, cannot be excelled. Its wines too,
are Of fine favor and boquet; and tobacco. in
some parts of the Colony, fiourishes luxuriantly
The cultivation of sugar has also been essayed
by some enterprising spirits, but, financially has
proved failure
With all these elements Of prosperity at her
command. there can not be the slightest douet in
any thinking mind that New South Wales will
eventually become great and prosperous coun-
try. The following are the leading Despapers
Herald Empire and 7osrn and County Journal
published iu Sydney
Victoria
Previous to the gold era. Victoria formed
portion Of the New South Wales Colony. and
was known as the Port Philip District" 1t
was then. as NeE South Wales is now great
squatting country but the gold discoveries. to a
certain extent. changed all this. As the dis
coveries Of fresh fields followed each other in
quick succession; the dggers gradually eucroacbed
Bpon the squatters' lands. notwithstanding the
strenuous efforts Of the latter to prevent them
80 the squatters, to compensate themselves for
their losses. and to have revenge on the diggers.
resorted to the only means left them. and that
Eas, to charge a high price for their mutton.
Since then. their interests have been on the
zane. as from time to time large blocks Of land
previously IL their possession. have been thrown
open 10 agFicaItOrists and others; bot notwith-
standing. those Interests are still large Imme-
diaiely after the gold discoveries. Port Philip.
impressed ~ith its growing importance. caused
BY the great iDhax Of pOpaIation. began 70 clanor
for separation from New Soufh Wales. and
eventually attained the desired object their gov
eminent being established on the sane basis ss
that Of ths.pareut Colony. During the last fsw
years. every encouragement has been gigen By
the Gossrnmeus to the growth Of native indus
trss and predictions; and the good Effects Of
fA-s r.r.r<e- - e~s1ar.e.4 - ~. --.1 -<.<--