New-York tribune., 1871-10-10


hsap and sell o. dear - they can All are trying to
uy their rsw materials In tho cheapest Market and
, sell their manufactured labor for the most that
m b obtained for 1t. This they are doing BY tho
% of all tho arts both fair and foul, that human
Ingenuity can devise.
II can be shown that the wars Of commercial iy.
erests are more tnsidiouA end afe more to, be
readed, than wars Of conquest. There a notnin gin
u history that admits Of moro coTpleA dsmonstra-
ion than the fact that the waSoi commercial inter
sta, carried on BY England slp,e, have led to and
.svs caused greater derugon Of life and property
Turing tho Last 70 Years, than has been oocasoned
" oil the wars * Conquest that hsve taken plaoe In
he civihsed. world during that period Of time IL ~
low iesS than rs years since q company. chartered
oy q5oat Britain, commence amercsntle war on
sAb people Of Hindostan. country with i~ tnen
lS8 900 900 Of inhabitants, famed for manufacturing
the finest quality Of goods, and for being In posses
sion OF tho riches Of tho East History
tells us that "in no part Of the world
has there been seon . greater tendency 70
voluntary association for mutual exohange OF LABOR
than onoe existed in Hindostan. Eacn VT
laso had Ito distinct organization. under which the
natives had lived from the earliest times down 70
rsosnt data. Revolutions might ocour. ana
dynasties might succeed each other but, 90 long -
his own little society vas undisturbed. the smPie
Hindoo rave himself no concern about what miRh'
happen At tho capital. Though often over
taxed snd plundsred by invading armie tho country
continued both rich and prosperous" until IN East
India Company. chartered and sustained By oil tne
povcr Of Great Britain. commenced war OF en-
oroschments on the trade and commerce OF tnas
country. This war Of oommeroia interests led 70
war of conquest which, after the battle OF Piassey
had established British power In India. Tho coun-
try became filed with adventurers; men whose SOLO
object was to accumulate. fortunes, by any means
however foul. as was shown by the indignant DO
nunciation Of Burke In tho Parliament OF Great
Britain. Fox declared, In . speech on the East
India bill, that "the country was laid waste
with fire and sword. and the land once distin.
guished most above others by the cheerful face OF
fraternd government and protected laoor' sne
chosen seat Of cultivation and plenty. Is now al
most dreary desert, covered with rushes and bri-
ars, jungles and wild beasts" iho
msgov Of tho English was carried to point
such as seemed hardly compatible wih tho er'senoe o.
society They forced the natives to buy dear and sell
cheap"
Macaulay says "The misgovernment was carried
10 such an extent as seemed hardly compsti-
natives to buy dear and sell cheap. They tnsuted,
with impunity, the tribunals, the police. and tho
fiscal authorities Of tho country. Enormous for
tunes were thus rapidly accumulated at Calcutta
where 100000 Of human beings were reduced to
the extremity Of wretchedness. They had been 40
customed to live under tyranny; but never tyranny
like thiA Under their old masters, they had one
the evil became insupportsble tho
people pulled down tho Government But the Eng
sh Government was not to be shaken of. That
oppressive % the most oppressive form
# barbarian despotism, vas strong with all the
strength of civilization. 1t resembled the govern
nent Of evil genii rather than the government OF
,uman tyrantsn "Under tho title Of Zam-
ndas, o landed arlstocraoy was created and held
accountable for the collection of the taxes" Full.
erton, q member Of the Madras Council. says,
Imagine the revenue leviable through the agency
4 100000 revenue officers; collected or remtted at
heir discretion, according to the occupants means
# paying whether from produce of the land or his
eparate property; and In order to encourage every
nan to act as spy on bis neighbor and report his
means Of paying, that he may save himself from all
extra demand imagine all the cultivators Of vii
age liable at all times to o separate demand, In
,rdor to make up the failure Of one or more indi-
vduals of the parish. Imagine collectors to every
county, acting under the orders Of Board, on tho
avowed principle of destroying all competition for
labor by general equalization Of assessments,
selling and sending back all runaways to each other
Lastly imagine the collector, the sole magistrate
Or Justice of the Peace of the county through the
medium Of whom alone, complaint Of personal
grievance suffered by the subject can reach the
Superior Court. Imagine at the same time every
subordinate officer employed in the collection OF the
and-revenue to be police Officer vested with the
power to confne, put in the stocks, and fay, any
nhabitant within his range on any charge, without
bath Of the accuser or sworn recorded evidence In
the caseo Under this state of things. the
works constructed for irrigation have gone to ruin
and the richest lands have been abandoned"
Capt. Westmacot tells his readers that in places
he longest under British rule there Is the largest
AMOUNT Of depravty and crime. Campbell. one Of
he most distinguished of British poets, character
yes the course of their policy in India prophetcay
when he says:
"'foes OF mankindp her guardian spirits say,
Revolving ages bring the better day,
When heavens unerring aim shall fan on you.
And blood for blood those Indian plains bedcw."
The immolations of an Indian Juggernaut,"
ays recent writer, "dwindle into insgnh-
ance before it, and yet to maintain this trade
be towns and cities have been laid in
uins" The middleman system Of Ireland and Of
he West Indies was transplanted to those countries
I the East, to which Macaulay declares that
the English Government became az oppress-
We as the most oppressive form Of barbarian
espotism." The poor Hindoo was not
llowed to make salt from the waters Of
he ocean. Every form Of taI and exaction was
orced on that people in order to drive them to send
Il their cetton and wool to England (the great
7orkshop OF the world to be converted and re-
nrned. Sir Robert Peel says: The effects in India
1hibit themselves in such ruin and distress that
o parallel can be found IN the annals Of commerce"
he great city of Dacca, that only 70 years since
ontained $4,000 houses, and exported millions of
ieces of the finest quality of goods, is now mass