The Portland daily press., 1871-10-30

ana ii you Woulu go 10 Inc employers, the
same result would transpire. What does it
mean? 1t means that some persons are not
capable to work for the benefit of men
through cooperative organizations. Conse-
quently there are some who must be elevated
to the benefits received by cooperation. This
can be produced by education in its brOadest
sense. The only way to elevate the labOring
classes is by education in the public schools,
supported by general taxation. The schools
that are supported in any other way are in
efficient.
Mr.. Boutwell, then REFER ed to another sub
ject of interest, namely,
THE TENURE OF LAND.
In England the opinion is strong that man
should not cultivate tenure of land without
being a proprietor. If all the population of
the United States were crowded into Texas
and all other parts CT the country left unpop-
uated, there would not be so many people to
the square mile as there arc in Massachusetts.
Why should any man, because he happens TO
be in the possession of landry will or 9TH
erwise-say to what use that land shall be
put when he is dead? Your laws should for
bid man saying by testament or other
means what use the land should be put to
when he is dead. Another evil in relation to
the land question is
THE POWER AND PRACTICE OF RAILROAD
to purchase land which is not necessary for
the business OF the road. Why should rail-
road companies be permitted to buy coal re.
gions and prevent people from getting live
lihood from owning the land and reaping
some of the benefits from its products? An
incident evil is that the railroad companies
are able 10 invest their surplus profits without
the knowledge of the public.
He then proceeded to discuss transporta-
ton, first by railroads and then by ships. He
believed the railroad system at present in this
country included about fifty thousand miles,
and was established to transport passengers
and freight, and it is for the interest of the
public that they keep down to their legitimate
business, and that they transport freights and
passengers at the very lowest rates compati-
BILE with the interests OF the proprie tors
There is one point on which the laboring man
is concerned. In England Parliament passed
a law requiring the roads to convey persons
certain distance from the city for one shilling,
and there should be such law in Boston, SO
that the workingman can get the free air and
establish for himself a home away from the
dirty city. 10 tsste
TIE INTERNAL INTERESTS
of this country are fifteen times as great as
those of its external commerce. There are in
the West large amounts of grain and other
products to be shipped East, and it is import
ant that it should be done at the very lowest
cost, as it increases the comfort of the labor
er in the East as well as in the West, and no
man will doubt the propriety of this princi.
pie. MIR. Boutwell, then referred to
THE TRANSPORTATION BY WATER
to other countries, remarking that it was
deplorable fact that of the one hundred and
forty merchant vessels that sail between this
country and Europe not one was under the
American flag. Great Britain is taking pos
session of the commerce of the world. This
is humiliating How is it to be remedied?
No more wooden ocean ships ought to be
built. Sailing vessels built of iron are no
longer wanted and the only vessels that can
compete with other commerce are iron steam
ships. He spoke of the advantage we have
over England in our iron, as being ten per
cent better and referred to the navy as it now
is, claiming that it is larger for the purposes
OF peace than is necessary. The question Is
not as TO the size or armament of a vessel at
Mexico or Corea; but the flag under which
it sails represents 10000 people, who will not
ask anything wrong, nor will they submit to
anything wrong. de then referred to the
suggestion that if the duties on some OF the
materials for building ships were removed we
would be relieved, claiming to some extent
that it would be so, but that it would neces-
state the removing of the duties from other
do that. We are looking to
SPECIE PAYMENTS,
and would it not be well, said the speaker,
if the transportation of our products to and
fro was in the hands of American shipbuild-
ers? He spoke upon the subject of the pub
lie debts, which, in Europe, were increased at
a fearful ratio. The debts of Europe and the
United States few years since amounted to
$7,600000,000. To-day they reach $23, O00,-
100000. He argued against the project of
postponing the payment of the debt, thinking
it was best to grapple with it now, and gave
the capitalists sharp rap for endeavoring to
shirk, as they sometimes do, their real share
OF the burden. He closed with some excel
lent advice to the young, who are to rule this
country when it contains 100,O00O00 people,
warning them against some of the mistakes
men in the past have made.
Tenacity of Life.
The 23d day of this month found medium
sized butterfly in my room, of dark variegst-
ed color, very lively and beautiful. thought
L would kill him and prevent his freezing to
death, and go 1 severed his head from his body
with sharp scissors. But after this operation
he continued to flap his beautiful wings and
stand upon his legs; and the head was as lively
other motions. Neither part seemed willing
to die, and so to put him out of misery stuck
pin several times through his body and gave
him up for dead. While reading the PRESS in
the evening five hours after the head was cut
of, it was lying upon the table as full of life as
before it was severed from the body. This led
Inc to look at the body which was carefully
placed in another room for the purpose of pre-
serving it because it was so beautiful. To my
great surprise found it upon the floor, stand
ing erect and moving his wings gently as if he
was on flower in summers day. At ten
o'clock, some eight hours after the creature
bad been cut into two parts, life in either was
apparently as far from being extinct as it was
when the beheading was performed.
Iplaced both parts on the table and retired.
The next morning, at o'clock both head and
body were s'still alive" Before noon the feel
ers ceased to move and the head was apparent
ly dead, having lived some 20 hours after being
severed from the body. 1t is now O'Clock P.
M. and the body is alive and the wings are in
motion. How long it can live without head,
Heaven only knows retire again at 10
o'clock P. NJ, and the headlcss body has life
and motion. The next morning it was still
alive but had not power to move its wings yet
it could stand upon its legs. Evening came
and it was live creature, but could not stand
and yet its body and legs moved. 1t has now
lived about forty hours since it has been with.
out head, and it may live till morning, II
hours longer And it did live until noon, "a
hours longer, and is still alive. leave it alive
for am tired of watching it,
Thus has lived this hesdless butterfly more
than 60 hours in the pure air on the shore of
Lake Sebago. Will Prot Morse throw some