davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
N. Y. MONEY MARKET YESTERDAY
er0n the N. y Herald.

''On Change to-day wheat was heavy and little
lower. The cotton market was somewhat irregular,
but on the whole steady. The foreign exchange
market is recovering from the decentralization Occa-
stoned by the recent scarcity OF cash gold and to-
day the leading bankers advanced their rates.
stThe money market was dull, as q result OF the
almest lfeless condition OF the stock market. and
rates easier. Fresh business stock colaterals
was done at three per cent. Prime commercial Is
quoted 4x@6 per cent discount
'The gold market, after falling to ll2 early in the
day, advanced to 1923 on report that the "bull"
clique had reOrganized and were about 70 make a
fresh upward movement, particularly II the Govern
ment restricted It's sale OF gold tomorrow TO the
advertised two millions. This belief was strength
ened by the more active demand for cash gold,
which was made worth consideration to those who
borrowed late In the day.
'sThe Government purchased one million OF Five
twanties through the Assistant Treasurer In this
city. The offerings amounted 20 Ss.6ll $50 at
prices ranging from 11112 10 lll'SO. The accepted
lot cost 1n129l1146 The additional sub
scriptions to the new loan reported TO the
Treasury Department to day up TO the close
OF business were s55,0O0, making the total to
date SEQ s91 $50. Mr.. Richardson, Assistant Secre-
tary of the Treasury sailed for Europe to-day taking
with him corps Of clerks and safe full OF the new
nVe per cents, with the intention OF negotiating
portion OF the new loan abroad. The Government
Inst was steady, except for the currency SIX per
cents, which continued weak and underwent a
further decline"
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

$66, 54S e5
The report from the Sunday-schools was read by
Mr.. William G. Bakes, the chairman OF the Sunday
school Committee, as follows:-.
srs % Ss oSvFcb S prydn sheter for the
poor and sP we % are that sunday
first call upon efforts Of the children made in the
gested This met with much enthusiasm continued
SG % ous as % the in safS
scrt6ing one Of these occasions an eSm,iinent
phia beats al MetSodisa IN getting up great gatherings
and great general enterprises The uelses haze ssps
ncSdins the beloved Of kineslsy Thoppson aud
od apon she cSidren whose songs rave saddensd The
hearts of the aged and decrepid These unusual
our Church into Closer fellowship and social els
men been and the Lord has blessed us in
THE proceeds Of the ipDiless have esn-ToT 1857
amounting in the agereeate 70 s4.67I,s6.
two % months M sg0 at tine q p Of
gers accepted the work of furnishing this beautiful
on IL the city The Of appeal
that each scheol 4 would be ensiteS 70
was turpsheS a and we haze the plea
to furnish thirty We regret that cannot
sp to furnish a We from nus All We Of
mapageIsas We have from some1thelr cordial support
gratifying 70 and more profitable to the institution we
The SUNDAY scSool scholars present then united in
singing hymn, after which the dedicatory address
was made. This was TO have been delivered by
Bishop simpson, out, on accouhI oi ms uuavoldaoe
absence, Rev. James Castle supplied his place. A
psalm was recited alternately by the clergy present
and the congregation. The building was then for,
mally presented by the President OF the Board OF
Trustees to the Board OF Lady Managers. 1t was re-
ceiyed on their behalf by Rev. Mr.. Castle.
After the dedlcatory services dinner was served In
the building, and In the afternoon interesting chill.
dren's services were held, when tree was planted
and addresses made.
The following are the officers of the home for the
year:-Presldent Mrs. Bishop Simpson; First Vice
President Mrs. j. II. Keen; Second Vice-Presldent
Mrs. William Brisbane; Secretary Mrs. A. w. Rand
Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. j. e. Salter; Trea
surer, Mrs. William Spencer; Matron, Mrs. X. Scott
EARLY CLosING.-A large number of dry
| goods commission houses of this city have
agreed to close their stores at o'clock, and on
| Saturdays at o'clock, until September 1.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
NOVEL EXPERIMENT.

Mr.. John d. Fries, of South Coventry town
ship, Chester county, is trying the experiment
of raising an eagle, Matched by hen. The
Pottstown Ledger gives the following account;
about month ago, while on Nyce's Hill, he
among the rocks. Proceeding to the spot he
discovered two eggs, of nearly the size and ap-
pearance of turkey eggs, which he picked up,
brought home, and placed under a sitting hen.
About week ago the eggs were hatched out,
and Mr.. Fries was astonished to find that they
were eagles. The old hen must have been con-
siderably surprised, too, for she spluttered
about and tramped upon one of her rare
progeny, and killed 1t. The other one is doing
we'll, and will probably grow up. Eagles some
times carry off chickens, and it would be rather
a Joke if this specimen would some day gather
up the old hen that Matched it and fly away
with her."
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
OBITUARY..
Commodore Josiah TatnaII.

Commodore Josiah Tatnall, formerly OF the
United States Navy, and afterwards an of1icer In
the Rebel service, died yesterday at Savannah,
Georgfs. He was a native OF Georgia. and entered
the United States Navy from that State about the
year 1912. He became captain In 1850, and COM
manded the East India squadron from 1856 to
1889 At the breaking out OF the Rebellion In
1861 he took up arms against the Government, and
commanded the iron-clad Merrimac, which was de-
stroyed by dre on the 11th OF May, 1862, near Nor
folk, to prevent the Union forces from taking pos
session OF her. During the Rebellion he did not
achieve very distinguished reputation as naval
commander. Commodore TattnaI was seVenty-sx
years OF age at the time OF his death.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
FROM NEW ENGLAND.
IBY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

Exclusively to The Evening Telegraph
New Hampshire Wants the GOvernm m ent
to Buy Independence Hall.
CONCORD, N. H., June 15.-In the House to-
day, Mr.. Bingham, Democrat, offered resolution
instructing the New Hampshire Senators and
Representatives in Congress to introduce and
support resolution for the purchase of Inde-
pendence Hall and Square in Philadelphia the
same to be dedicated to constitutional liberty on
the Fourth of July, 1876. Ordered to be printed.
Fisk, Jr., and the Charlestown Aldermen
Boston, June 15.-The Charlestown Board of
Aldermen at special meeting to-day refused
Colonel Fisk's request to parade his regiment
in that city on Sunday, by a vote of 8 to 2.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
AFFAIRS AT THE CAPITAL.
Valuable Patent Extended.
The Methodist Book Concern.
A Chapter of Accidents.
Des tructive Fires.
In d e p e n d ence Hall.
Shall the Government Buy 1t!
ETC., ETC.. ETC.. ETC., Etc., Etc.
FROM WASHINGTON.
IBY ASSOCIATED PREss.1
Exclusively 20 The EUening Telegraph.
Erfansinn nf n Rafanf

IBY ASSOCIATED PREss.l
Exclusively TO The Epening Telegraph.
Extension OF a Patent.
WASHINGTON, June 15.-The patent for the
invention of the late Henry Burden, of Troy,
N. Y, for horseshoe machine, dated June go
1857, has been extended by the Commissioner of
Patents, on the proof submitted in the case. 1t
is computed that the invention has saved to the
public $50, 600 during the past fourteen
years. The examiners report admits a saving
of $1S,0O0,00o. The extension is for seven
years from June 80, 1871.
The President,
with General Porter, arrived this morning
Cabinet Meeting
will be held tomorrow. All the members are
here except Delano and Alderman. tl
Clinton Spencer, Ypsilanti, and Alfred Van
Tine, Sandusky, are appointed Postmasters.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
DIR. scHEMcK's snAwnnD|
TONIC. 4

This medicine, invented and prepared by
DR.. ]. 81. Schenck, of Philadelphia, is proved
to be the best remedy for dyspepsia, and all
disorders of the digestive organs, that has eve,
been offered to the public. The great success
and popularity of DR.. Schensk's Pulmonic
Syrup are sufficient to recommend this TonicI
to public favor and confidence. 1t was
originally Designed to be used in cennectien&
with the Pulnonie Syrup in the treatment Of
consumption, but experience proves that it ia
adapted to all eases of Indigestion and debility.
The Seaweed Tonic possesses all the strength
ening properties of iodide of iron, iodine, e1
iodide of potassium. 1t is also similar il
nature to the gastric juice, the auid whishI
nature provides to carry on the process of dij4
gestion, and when that fluid is deficient the
Tonic supplies its place. 1t is the enl<
medicine which can answer this purpose, and,
consequently, it is the only medicine whish2
can cure dyspepsia. Other preparations, how,
ever they may seem to afford temporary re-
lief, never fail to aggravate the disease. Thia4
must necessarily be the ease when corrosive
acids and minerals are used to cure
Indigestion; and sueh are the remedies which
puycicAaAo BoASA0Ay PtoooiiSo ioi that OoJoots
The Seawsed Tonic contains ne such injqI
rious drugs. 1t is distilled from vegetable
substance, which is produced in great abun-
dance on the seashore, the mode of distilla-
ton being similar 30 that which is used in
the manufacture of Jamaica spirits. This
Tonic never disagrees with the mest delicate
stomach. In the early stage Of consumption
this medicine is generally of great utility, as
consumption sften begins with disorder Of
the stomach and general debility, for which
Sehencks Seaweed Tonic is a certain remedy!
DIR. Schenck is professionally at his princi-
pal Office, No. Is N. Sixth street, corner Of
Commerce street, Philadelphia, every Satur
day, where all letters for advice must be adj
dressed.
Price Of the Pulmonic Syrup and Seaweed
Tonic, etch, 81 80 per bottle, or $3.50 half
dozen. Mandrake Pills, 25 cents per box.
For sale by all druggists and dealers.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
NEW YORK. MONEY and stock Market.

New YORK, June 15.-5tocks steady Money
8 per cent. Gold, HAN. b-sOs, 1869, coupons
il9; DO 1884, cp liz; DO 1885. cp., ll2; do. 1855
new ll4A; do. 1857, ll4A; do. 1865 ll49i 1o:4Os,
ton Co, s9N; Cumberland preferred 45K; N. Y. Cen
tral and Hudson River, 9sK; Erie, 29K; Reading,
1926; Michigan Southern, 11S7S; Illinois Central,
1885, Cleveland and Pittsburg, 1l9; Chicago and
Rock Island, 1919; Pittsburg and Fort Wayne 991s
Western Union Telegraph, 6sH.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
Naval Orders.
FROM NEW YORK.
IBY ASSOCIATED PRBss.1
Erclttstoely to The Epenisg Telegraph.
SuppOsed Suicide.

OsDENsBURG, N. Y, June 15s-A gentleman,
supposed to be William P. Brewer, of Trenton,
New Jersey, called at the post office at few
minutes before seven o'clock this morning fora
letter, and soon afterwards was found drowned
in the Oswegatchee river, and it is supposed
committed suicide. The body could not have
been in the water more than few minutes when
1t was discovered.
Supposed Loss of Vessel.
NEW YORK, June 15.-Several hundred Eng
lish cattle were washed ashore at Cote Blanche
Island dead, supposed from some vessel lost
during the storm of Friday.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
FROM .NEW' JERSEY.
[BY ASSOCIATED PRESS ]

BY ASSOCIATED PRESS
Exclusively to the EUening Telegraph.
Destructive Fire.
NEWARK, N. j., June 15.-A fire in Norris
town this morning destroyed the markets of
George Greenmyer and R. Guerin, the hatcher
shop of 1. Arnold, and the beer and billiard
saloon of p w. Piper, including five wooden
buildings on Market streeet. Loss, $10,000
partially insured.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
GOAL AND LANDING WHARF TO LET OR

LEASE on favorable terms on the sCHUYLKILL,
between ARCH and FILBERT Streets. rs feet
front on Twenty-third street, by 400 feet to the
river. Has nooring and shedding capacity TO store
4OOs or 5000 tons coal, once. scale. stable. ana
everything in condition to continue the coal bust
ness. Address COAL WHARF, North American
once. 8 Is thsta2w
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
IRON WASHINGTON.
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Exclusively TO The Evening Telegraph.
Cotton Returna

Exclusively TO The Evening Telegraph
Cotton Returns.
WASHINGTON, June 15.-The Department of
Agriculture has received cotton returns from
three hundred counties, all since the 1st of June.
In the course of to-day statement will be
prepared as to the general prospect of the crop.
Telegraphic Transfer Of Coin.
The acting Treasurer of the United States
made telegraphic transfer to-day of $3.50, 900
in coin from the ub-Treasury in San Francisco
to the sub-Treasury at New York.
Health OF General Spinner.
A letter received to-day at the Treasury De-
partment from Treasurer Spinner says his health
is improving, and he may leave London for
Brussels on June LIST. He has been very busy
with bankers and other fnaneiers concerning
the new loan.
Naval Orders.
Lieutenant Newell has been ordered to the
Congress, Assistant Surgeon Ruth to the Naval
Hospital at Philadelphia, and Second Assistant
Engineer Bates to the Mare Island Navy Yard
Lieutenant Watts has been detached from the
Congress, Master Bradbury from the receiving
ship at Boston, and ordered to the receiving
ship at Portsmouth, N. H.; First Assistant Engi-
neer Davids is ordered from the Mare Island
Navy Yard, and ordered to examination for pro-
motion; Second Assistant Engineer Purdie, from
the Ossipee, and ordered to return to the United
States; Second Assistant Burchard, from duty at
League Island, and ordered to the Ossipee.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
Nsw York Produce Market

NEW YORK, June 15.-Cotton quiet and steady
middling uplands, 20Ac.; middling Orleans, 20xc.
Flour steady and unchanged. Wheat active and
higher; spring, 81 5S afioat winter red and amber
Western 81 62 Corn hrmer, good export demand,
inferior and common mixed Western, 729sec good
to choice Western, 7497ec. Oats quiet; Western, 66
a69c Beef unchanged. Pork quiet and steady.
Lard-steam, 1oc.; Kettle, lie. Whisky. dull at 90
nQQ1[a
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
BaItimore Produce Market.

BALTIMORE, June IS 5.-Cotton quiet and steady
low middlings, 100. Flour in improved demand at
unchanged prices. Wheat quiet; choice white
red, 81 '65011 90; fair to good, s140@i45; common
81 1So@1 49, Southern white COrn S59s7c. Southern
yellow 76@79c. Oats firm at sO@s2c Pork firm at
Sl6'6O Bacon firm shoulders TXc. rib sides. exc.
clear rib sides, 9H@9Ac.; sugar-cured hams 16@lTc
Lard, lie. Whisky quiet at 93@93Hc.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
FROM THE SOUTH.
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS. |
, fo,. TIbs Epe,ii,1o TeIe0rnnh-

BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Exclusively for The EUeting Telegraph.
Death of Commodore Tatnan.
SAVANNAH, Ca, June 15.-Commodore Josiah
Tatnall died last night, aged seventy-six. He
will be buried at the place of his birth, Bona
venture. four miles from this city. The City
Councils are now in session. arranging for
suitable public funeral honors.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
Chicago Flour and Wheat Market.
,pscfal Despatch TO The Epening Telegraph.

CHICAGO, June 1880 A. M.-Wheat dull No.
O. s1.2sA seller June and last half; 81 '261@127,
seller July.
seller July; b5hc., seller August
ReoeiDs SIip'ts Receipts. Ship'ts
Flour. bbls: ZOO 5000 OATS bus :. 900 $4,000
Wheat bus $4,000 $1,000 Rye, bus -. 1,o0e 1000
corn. bus l7s,OOO lss.O0O Barley bus. none none.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
FROM THE STATE.
TBY ASSOCIATED PRESS. I

BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Exclusively TO The Evening Telegraph.
Price of Coal.
PoTTsvILLE, Pa, June 15.-At q meeting of
the committees of operators and miners held
here to-day the average price of coal was agreed
upon for June at S261 per ton.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
Milwaukee Markets.

MILWAUKEE, June 1880 A. M.-Wheat quiet.
No. /, sl.2SH: No. 2, s12TA. Receipts, 100000 (;
shipments, 6S,OOo. Freights-sail, &C.. steam, sAc.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE SALES.
Reported by De Haven Bro, No. 4OS. Third street
LEGAL IMTHLLIaHNUn
Policeman I'm a Fight.


Court Of Quarter Sesstons-Judge Allison, p. j.
William Patton and Michael Mccarthy were con-
Victed Of assault and battery upon each other The
evidence went to show that on the 10Th OF May Pat
ton was riding in a Market street car Rnd when
called upon 70 pay his fare he got into an aterca-
ton with the conductor, who called Mccarthy to his
aid.
The oficer at once attempted to arrest Patton,
and for his trouble received blow in the face. He
then drew pistol and fired shot, which just grazed
Pattons head, and that individual becoming ner-
voCs started to as fast as he COULD but Mccarthy
put two balls into him, which effectually secured
him as a prisoner The jary seemed to consider
both parties equally in the wrong. The moral Is at
least questionable.
MRS. JOHN DREW'S ARCH ST. THEATRE
MI Begins at 8.
TONIGHT (Fridayl, June 16, 1871,
BENEFIT
OF MISS LIMA EDWIN,
Last Night but One of
RANK.
DOG MAY LIMA hD "
Miles nuoD. II hOnOH OlAhh
Aided by the New York Company
SATURDAY, LAST NIGHT OF RANK.
LAST NIGHT OF 1HE SEASON.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

n OsT.-A PACKAGE OF PAPERS, NEAR
i THIRD and DOCK Streets. A suitable re-
ward will be gwen bY returning the same 20 A. ID.
CALDWELL 4 CO., No. 11s 5. FOURTH Street. It
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15
FROM EUROPE.
By ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Exclusively 20 The Evening Telegraph.
Latest Gable Quotations

LONDON, June 1916 P.A.-The bullion IN the Bank
OF England has increased eI06,Oo0 Consols closed at
92H for both. Bonds OF 1852, 9O%; Of 1866 90H; OF
1867, 9OA ten-forties, ssh.
LIVERPOOL June l6-5 p. M.-Cotton steady; up
lands s4Qs1Sd. Orleans SID. Sales to-day Ii, 900
bales, including 5000 for export and speculation.
Wheat los. sd.@l0s. lid. for new red Western
spring and lis. sd. Tor winter. Flour, 26s. Corn,
8ls. Sd. Spirits OF Petroleum, 9@sAd.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

THEFT OF A WAToH.-James Kennedy last
night stole watch from a man named William
Sweeney, at Seventh and South streets. He was
arrested and held in $500 bail to answer by Al
derman Collins.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

MAD DoG.-A mad dog was shot at the corner
of Germantown avenue aud st. John street, this
morning, by Officer Go0dtelloW.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

o'clock, the cornerstone of the new University
building at Thirty-fourth and Locust streets viii
be laid.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

SOLDIERS GRAvEs.-Tod day, the soldiers
above Kensington. were decorated, under the
supervision of David H. Schuyler aided by Col
onel Frishmuth, his regiment, and Colonel
Robert Budine.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

AMAzoNs.-Maggie West last night had a
tussle with another woman in Bay street, above
Sixth. In the encounter both had their clothes
nent suffered so severely that a doctor was
called to her assistance. Alderman Carpenter
held the victor to answer.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

EARLY CLosNG.-A large number of dry
goods commission houses of this city have
agreed to close their stores at o'clock, and on
Saturdays at o'clock, until September l.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1871-06-15

HERoIc.-Last Tuesday while an excursion
from this city was landing at Florence Heights
young child, about four years of age, either
accidentally fell or was pushed off the plank, and
had it not been for the timely assistance rem
dered by Captain Crawford, of the steamer Twi
light the child would most undoubtedly have
been drowned.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1871-06-29
How to Keep a Situation.

The following bit of good advice is
from the Working Nan, and is worthy
the attention of all cur readers:
Lay it down as a foundation rule, that
Sou will be faithful in that which is
least" Pick up the loose nails, bits of
twine, clean wrapping paper, and put
them In their places. BE ready to throw
in an odd half hour or hours time.
when it will be an accommodation, and
don't seem to make merit of it. Do it
heartily. Though not word be said be
sure your employer will make note OF
it. Make vourselfindispensable to him,
and he will lose many Of the opposite
kind before he will part with you.
Those young men who watch the
time to see the very second their work.
ing hour is up-who leave, no matter
what state the work may be in, at pre-
cisely the instan,-who calculate the
extra amount they can slight their
work, and not gel reproved- arc
lavish Of their employers goods, will
always be the first to receive notice that
times are dull, aud their services are no
longer required.
The Tipton advertiser. [volume] (Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa) 1856-1962, 1871-06-29

"You talk about your temper, Maggie,
a. if it was q dreadful thing to have a
temper; now I would give very little
for person who hadn't temper"
Maggie looked up in astonishment.
II would as soon have cat without
teeth and claws. When we say a per-
son hiss a strong temper We only mean
that he has . resolute will, quick, sensi-
tive feelings, q good deal of energy, and
is selfish. 1t is the selfishness that puts
the other traits, which are very good,
to bad uses. The strong will and the
energy are teeth and claws that God
gave US to do good work with, but this
terrible selfishness that makes US so
quick to fight for our rights and our
pleasure, takes hold of the weapons and
does no end of mischief with them.
You may depend upon it, Maggie, when
you leave off trying to please yourself
alone, and thinking and feeling I am
right, and will have things my way,
then you will find your temper good
thing"
Then Uncle Will openened the big
Bible, and read to Maggie what Paul
long ago said by the grace given unto
him, that no one should think too high
ly of himself; but each esteem others
better than himself, seeing that even
Christ pleased not Himself, but freely
gave His life for us all. He read, too, of
the Friend, Who is not far from all who
call upon Him, by whose strength and
great wisdom the weak are made
strong.
If I should tell you the story of the
next ten years of Maggie's life, should
have to record great many failures and
great many sad times of repenting, for
the old dragon, selfishness, was never
killed in one battle, but think she
will fight him as long as she lives, and
no one now has any cause to dread Mag
gie's temper.