The New York herald., 1871-01-14


of iron for wood The capital required Tor the sue
cssslu establishment OF an iron ship yard, with the
hose nnamar with ne deas peing n mes 20
greater than that required for wood.
There Is yet, think, one greater difficulty, seldom
advanced, which is the announcement given to
commerce by foreign nations concentrating large
amounts Of capital III forming steamship lines ana
to-day the principal carrying business OF Great
Britain on the ocean is done by the important lines
which she has so literally aided to estabsh in ract
it is but repetion OF what is occurring mere and
elsewhere on the lann-that OF large railroad corpo-
rations controlling the business df the smaller ones.
will mere give minute statement OF the substan-
corporatons:-T6e Oriental Company was orcanlzei
IN 1910, and in ls4o established the East India
service, VIA suez bombay and Calcutta, to China at
subsidy Of 81, 500 per annum for monthly trips
subsequently Increased to double the amount for
semtmontnly trips. English ships to the western
sdized to the amount OF $l25 per annuin ana in
1860 the Royai Mail Steam Packet Company began
semi.mon!hly service to the West Indies. With
subsidy Of $3.50, OoO In 1870 the present Cunard
Company commenced with i've steamers,
anaam isSsdy psr rp; Sai aeSs Rsr
insufficient. in lsl1 The subsidy was Increased to
COMPANY agan failed and IN iss the ssn1 aa as sns
again increased 70 $7o6,0o6 per annum which en-
abled the company 70 succeed This line was con-
making l04 trips per annum. BY the aid thus re.
celved the line was enabled to drive our steamers
S s a9aeS @ S u lie aS Sr s
crease its strength. and we were comnel,ed
to subsldize this same line to carry our mails
The advantage thus gwen was successfnilv
used and being ready to build ships and monopolize
the business. we were compelled to abandon our
commerce on the ocean. English lines have now
been established, which fear no competitors. These
facts prove the wisdom OF the policy or Great
Brlain for she has not only secured an expeifious
and economical transportation and the profits
arising from IT, but mas been enabled to reduce the
subsidy OF this line to comparatively nosning-only
S3,276 q trip. tl aNs -
But this liberal pslicy Of Great Britain was mot
confined TO the carrying trade. she commenced at
the bottom of the dnculty, in order that the bene.
fits might be permanent and profitable and exclu.
slvely her own. A the substitution Of iron for
WOO was evident, wlsh the increased amount OF
capital required sne ceased expending money In her
and encouraged the establishment Of immense IRON
shipyards ana engine works. What has been the
resultY England has te-day fourteen large ship
building establishments belonging TO private citi-
zens. That the size Of some or them NAV be real
lied quote from Admiral Farragut's report to the
Secretary Of the Navy In 1858. Speaking or the
yard OF Messrs Randolph e der Co. ne says:-
..There were no less than thirteen vessels on the
stocks, amounting to upwards OF $4,000 tons.n The
Chief OF Bureau OF Construction, In his report Of
the same year, says:-"We have no conveniences or
appliances whatever for the construction OF the hus
OF iron arm0red vessels OF which naves for aggress-
i've warfare must hereafter be mainly composed.
thus whlle we nave neither belonging 70 tpe goy-