The New York herald., 1871-11-03
THE NORTH POLE.
Kane's Open Polar Sea
Verified.
THE NORTH GERMAN EXPEDITION
DIR. Petermann's Account Of
the Exploration.
Payer and Weyprecht Penetrate Sevealy-
nine Degrees North.
~>~~~~~~--N1~~~~~~>>>~><
The Arctic Ice Belt for the First
Time Broken Through.
-~-~~~~~~~>~>~,~~~~~~~~~~
"ThermOmetric Gateways 10
the Pole"
ssThcrmOmetric Gateways Ia
the Pole"

renee or the verincation OF tho famous open Polar
Sea By the present North German Arctic Expedi-
lion. Tne important udings which the cable
brought ms from Gotha furnish the added state
ment thar was found 20 bc ssswarmng with
whales.n
Tne announcement, has created in America decp
grauncation and pleasure AT the confirmation OF
HE n0nored researches OF our lllus.rt0us Dut de-
parted countryman DR.. Elisha X. Kane NO
branch Of geographical research has lattery
awakened such profound interest ss the discovery
si the Pole. Although for centuries the most heroic
EFFORTS have proved rruitless the scientific world
has sunenly determined never 70 abandon the
search FOR II The great African travellers in seek
ing 70 and their way across the trackiess sea Of
Band IN the burning Sahara tell us they are guided
~ the wattencd bones and carcasses OF The cara
vans that have perished In the passage. But II
such guidance is safe TO follow there, the latest
Arctic explorers seem determined to avoid the
wreck-strewn and disaster-marked paths OF their
disappointed predecessors and strike out new and
sntried routes for themselves.
ne most splendidly equipped polar expeditions,
from the most famous and early one OF the gallant
old Henry Hudson, Of Knsckerbocker fame, down
70 that In which perished the noble Franklin and
his band OF dauntless followers forth with no
tight OF cosm0grsphica science TO guide them, and
seey were forced to feel their uncertain way AMID
iae long darkness OF che polar regions and amid its
crashing Ices.
hut while the fate Of Franklin seemed useless
uacrince II has now 10 be considered In new lght
s0r IL was In the search for him aud his comrades
that sAe great American explorer, Dr. Kane, pene-
rated the ices Of the north and discovered the cele
brated Open Polar Sea, which now bears his name.
fOr mauy years after the publication OF Kane's
u,mpie and unvarnished narrat,ve-the narrative Of
Apurc gentleman and an accomplished scholar
the world seemed increaul0Us OF the wonderful
phenomenon which had burst upon his asIonisbed
And unexpectany vision. II Is not necessary 10 re.
call all that he saw. IL Is enough now 10 mention
shc great fact which he announced OF an open and
tceless sea within I'VE hundred miles OF che North
POle-a sea whose mysterious waters were ebblng
and lowing with the regular tidal pulsatlon OF the
-pccan. To reach II bis party crossed o barrier
ot ice nearly one hundred miles broad. Be-
6oro galning this open ocean he had found
ahe cold incense thai the thermometer
Aad sunk to the point Of sixty degrees below zero
Passing this elocked regioa ~ travelling north
Ward over Smitn's Strait he came upon the shores
81 an unbr0Ken sheet OF water. stretching on.
towards the pole ~ far the eye could reach and
&he temperature Of whose waters was only thirty
sax degrees It's waves w.re said to he dashiny on
she beach with the swell OF = bound,ess ocean; The
tides rolled their intumescent waters In regular
sequence; seals were sporting and water i0wl we're
feeding IN the water. Solitude ami mystery over.
bung the scene, and the awc-struck explorers who
had attained TO this great discovery, on loot and
with no means OF navigating the open waters, were
arrested in their sublime march. When Tho second
Erlnnell expedition. with Kane for It's commander,
returned 10 the United Sfases and reported the az
hifcent results Of their tolls, the Whole world was
suL OF the story. Tne old European explorers
iisaened with jealous ear and could not believe
That the honor oi such discovery was Justly the
due or an Ameucau. Lieutenant DE Haven and
the American ofiicer had previously visited Wei
ington Channel and had there seen The now well
known and celebrated water sky the and
0nerring token OF an open Polar sea. Captain
Penny afterwards sailed upon IL And
In this country, well as among dis
interested ana tfutb.scekiDg European PHI
iOsOpbers kanes narrative was believed. But
St soon became the fashion 10 sneer at Il rs reveal
ing only mythical and chimericai hing, &c. Only
Last year some OF the most prominent English geo
graphers, az meeting OF the Royal Geographical
Society, treated IL as mytn
But The question ~ no longer one Of American
veracy 4 our late reports are correct II mas been
transferred from The region o. discussion ano theory
10 that OF accepted geographical TACT
The doctrine OF an open Polar sea was never one
of those wayne and baseess theories or physical
maryeIs which ignorant men love 10 receive at tue
hands OF the chariaans OF science. II is deeply lad
IN lhe necessities and principles or geographical
law, and rests upon the same basis does the
OF oceanic circulation, the trade winds and other
Or. Franklin and Others long ago pointed out the
agency OF the Gull Stream OF the Atlantic In temper
progress Of the United states Japan Expedition
under Commodore Perry, young and saga ctous
American onicer then Lieutenant Sllas Bent. dis.
Pacific. This latter had long been known 10 the
Japanese mariners who had called II Ia their native
me kuro Siwo or BACK streain because lis waters
Ike those oil our Gull Stream, were IN color OF
DARK indigo blue Reasoning upon the thermric might
and immensely OF eacnOf these two great rivers in
the ocean, which increasingly now towards the
north and pour tncr super-heafed contents Into tie
c!Tcuupoler basin, Lieutenant Bent conceived the
Idea thai they would make for themselves gaseways
" the pole by melting The icebel,s IN tneIr course
and dlnsing their hea. TO The adjacent waters This
hold hypothesis was not mere guessworg, but pro.
cccdcd apon scientific iDducuon aud exact general
ixation, and was the first solution ever onered OF
the great discovery Of Kane Thai arcuc explorer
accepted u, and, though u was treated with Uut
little Iayor At first even BY American scientists,
when formally announced IL received the endorse
Ient OF Professor Carpenter, OF England and now
present North German expedition.
To uDdcr-tana the force OF The reasoning it Is
onl, necessary TO consider the climatic agency OF
such body Of wafer as rhe Gulf Stream. 0vIng 10
the volcanic character % the Mexican Gnf--tre
saudron N which foI many days The gull current
bas tech dctained~-the temperature of the wafer,
aircaiy high, considerably raised w sub
marine ,sraan influences, % A. mas been ably shown
We mgnt, therefore, expecS In the
abscense Of any positive ,nformat,n ibs The great
stream would transfer the surplus caoric ur SUPER.
heated tropical water IN large Quantities towards
me Arcnc ocean. So lai.reacnins Is it- lnnuence
Gcaied IN higher latitude than Labrador Jhe ,llyer
Thames has teen frozen only fourteen IImes in
-" ysfbs- ~ fVuhaiSfA OI 'be coast Ol England,
she plants and vepetahlef appear ont OF the ground
IN February ana are soon on the table Csinellas
magnoliss, Mexican agayes require there no prnec
aion from Frost 40 that Hun, podt called peyouspre
1.-THE Montpelier of tue North.v
Professor Anstcd, Of hngand In he Physical
Biography describes The pecunaliy vi the Gulf
stream III these wOrns:--"It is great wide stream
al heated water iaTxer than ali tile rivers VI lne
world together, runsinR In definite channel
through colder water VI different coior. 80 that
when ship enters The stream ~ smooth water one
NAV the bow dsshlng the spray from the warm
ana dark blue waters sne IN entering. while the
stern y SIN wiihn fbe pale green and coid watei Of
the banks 0i Newf0undiand.n
Alexander Bucnan, tine eminent secretary OF the
SEQ ttlsn meteorological society. M his beautiful
pooA. .rbe Handy Book Of heteOrology,n tells us
that I'm May le6l, when Her 1Iftannlc malesty's
snIp the Nile, sailed ont OF the haryof OF HALIFAX
for Berui. .lda under Admiral SIR Alexander Milne.
the wafer at the stern Of the ship was 0rty degrees
aud plansging into the Gun stream the next mo