The Daily state journal. [volume] (Alexandria, Va.) 1868-1874, 1871-09-06

field extends from ocean 10 ocean, from the Fr1-
vinces to the Gulf, and wherever the foot of civ
ilzation rests in our broad domain. Nor is 1t TOO
much to say, that in this space OF time more pro-
gress has been made in the science OF pomoiogy
than in the whole period since the settlement of
our country. Never before was the interest so
engrossng, or so widely extended. BY publica-
tons, correspondence, anu tne reIlaihaple lacll
ties for interchange and intercourse, the enter
prise ofcultivators is kept constantly ON the alert
and instead of useless discussions of other sub
iects. the pomologist finds all his time occupied
in efforts for Improvement.
How surprising the changes which have taken
place during the existence of this Society," States
and sections of the Union which We're scarcely
known by name, now contribute noble fruits 10
grace our exhibitions, and noble men toJoin us IN
efforts for the promotion of the public good and
by the wonderful achievements OF science ana
the golden chain of commerce, q reciprocal ex-
change is made of our fruits, distances are al
most annihilated, and where fruits were only to
be seen in our markets at their peculiar season,
they are now found throughout the entire circle
of the wear And by the arts of preservation,
the seasons of our fruits are further prolonged
until those of winter even linger in the lap OF
summer. Thus our choicest varieties are success.
sively matured; thus distant markets are brought
near together, so that the apple, the pear ana
the grape from the South and West meet in the
Northern cline of New England in midsummer;
and California, Kansas, Nebraska and Illinois
compete at the same time with Virginia, the Car
olinas and Georgia, in our Northern markets.
LESSONS OF EXPERIENCE. $50
IA THE IxPLUEScE OF WARM DRY SEASONS.
| Among the lessons which we have learned we
may mention settled and acknowledged prlil-
ciples, the following
| The observations of the last few years, under
the Influence of warm, dry seasons, would APP
pear to have established the principle that such
weather without excessive droughtO especially
in the earlier part Of the summer, is more favor
able to the perfection and ripening of fruits par
| ticularly grapes than cold wet seasons. me iaet
is prominently shown in California, as we nave
Witnessed by personal observation; and is espe-
| cialy to be seen in the cultivation OF the grape
| there, and also in Europe, and in our Northern
States, where, under the influence OF sucn sea
sons. neither the vine nor its fruit is affected by
| disease of any kind. These conditions we have
noticed are also peculiarly advantageous for the
formation of fruit-buds and the storing up OF the
| necessary perfected food for future crop, ana
for the rpening of the wood, so necessary that II
may endure the winter with safety A
I g. 2. DRAINING OF FRUIT LANDS, 3 4H
| In conformity with the foregoing remarks, we
| see the importance of thorough draining OF our
fruit lands, which produces in soils not naturally
| possessing them, the conditions OF warmth and
| dryness which we have named, thus rendering
the condition of the EARTH in respect 10 warmtl
and dryness, analogous to that OF the ar, OF tnt
importance of which we have before spoken
Besides these advantages is the thorough areatior
of the soil, whereby it is enabled to absorb Ter
/ tiiizing matter from the atmosphere, rain, ano
/ snow, and the moisture eyaporated from the
springs below. Thus, paradoxical as 1t may seem
the same means which guard against excessive
| wet also serve to supply moisture in excessive
droI,ghts How aptiy does the poet describe this
| condition.: :. l.r..ii7.te -.E 1.tt
"In grounds by art made dry, the watery bane
Which mars the wholesome fruit is turned Il
And drains, while drawing noxious vapors off,
Serves also to diituse q full SUPPLY n,lfega
g., PREPARATION AND CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL.
| 1t seems scarcely necessary in this presence t
say that thorough preparation and enrichment Q
such soils as are not alreaay icn Is ess s, VI
ciass " frnits. thew must have garden culture
and win this they ney err fail After this Thorough
,nron,ration the sleoner the culture the better
n least in mr. Older States where the soils hav
hoao daniatad NV crnnninr Rnt one of the les
80 ,,vh;nh ovy,eriancr hoe TAUGHT ms most i'm
nressively ia thai. contrary to our former views
4 this INSTRUMENTATION should be shallow SO no
toinjure the roots, but to preserve them near IN
surface H..
II A. NATURES AND THEIR APPLICATION.
r,a s,,hioot ne ,o,npres IL a most i,npo,tan
, | ~ ), -, -, =. ,,'or,,,;,,,, ,,,ora 90 Tho sur
o,ie' anu " the o,dar ,3yt Of onr conntry
Ply " ~ .h hand and avarv vear increase
edual VI ,no IVht y,'o,,id he orr fiengs If n,
wv % H., - a,, ~, da,,ond Tow on
Sait o sue, inaden,,ate 10 Tie demand p
4auy p.eau VIZ ,,n,, ,se,,ien for life mo
nv ia1t t,,.a ,h az, o,,,. fr,,t c,n,,s ,1io
.eii .y 49,, y; ,,ad A. then, in The torn,
.ie ioou W nc. , II ~ othar No snnnIv III
"a on9 h % al 10 re,v in rr.pt me,
Mli. We silr tit,1 ft;Sers and CHEMISTRY ha
SURF upon 81 10 a; ,,i in lie +,
not yet taught us, as ~ VIII aouo.iss III LIZ e y
lure, now 70 supply s,io ~,a~, Va d.. 49,. ~
WIN t sei lily a 49,, ', ,,,,o Tho MIN
w pi,eii =, w sd ,,, az savipr ava,
o. aii ~ si,; t;i ',d amnvn9 II
particIe =. aeI sli,1S ,, ,h uipast ,s sfiec
SUN y, W - W., e. ~. lso,, when yna,
anu on I MS is p ,tat n,,,,a a,,,I;a
eiice nss .s,en y, 70 u Is, IL, H., s ~ a -
il.ts alee,s ,aa an s,,rfaca rs Il consisteI
uIessins VI as iea VIC IN ao, and tho ,,r,sa
With le eonposm1n OF tme son ana '''e pieSe
Vaiioh Vi i's ier'iiiAi'is oio'i'e ms =
- 0. MuIeHiSe!
p While on this subject we will add as another
Il the lessons of experience which may be said
be fixed, the advantage of mulching for dry SCI
. sons and soils, whereby the temperature an
moisture OF the soi,s are kept UNIFORM, anu u
n fertilizing elements in soluble state, an esse
tal condition for the production OF perfect run
y G. THINNING OF FRuIT.
:. r,h;s ;s .notbor Lesson which we have lcarne
-, ~ ~ which Wa M ID er On la
. ad ~ ~, nrassi rpon c,,ltivatorsl and xyhit
a,ar, s,,oenssive 1seasan teaches With strong
ons,Iasis II ;s I,soI,,teIv necessary for All N,
emp tt ~ ,nsret TO send Ior@e irnit and Il
n no rLa+s ave- const,ntIv and nrosressyelv reoui
n mo la rae frs,trand ina frlt. Even the Seek
r. ,,aa ,Yi,ie once coYn,nanded in Roston mari.
fha hii,bsst r,rico will nut now unless Of ext
Il ie ssi fo,s.,nv more than, II as much AZ co,
a a - - 80 ,,f ia,gar siza ,nedi,I,n -siz
i; f,t 20, .y'aa one Of Smaller size NAV he mo
v aconoicaI for rse hut Ilrtii some decided chan
~; ~ IF the rnaioritv of r,n1cha s.
haI TIE ,,loce rea tnit will sell hetter M,
! Small M nrfadnce ihis. the fruit must not on
is have rood cultivation but must be thnneti al
i ~, 't,ith Mr. NIeehan that some n Il
N teas ,,h;oi b., frnit avery year yvould he her
Il Gtad nv bay,in~ one-half the f,.uit taken off
r 1 ~ II S ,ra, soft md that thf overhe. ri,,r
II tra NH IN a ;,y, yea,ss destroy I'M We ,s7,
: avit down as q certain rule. that excessive pr