Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1871-11-10
corroNseeo OIL.
The Various Prednets Of IN staple and
How They are utilised The New
Industry that has Sprung up
In Memphis-The Extent and
Value of that Industry
Interesting Fact and
Figures.

Though the use of the cotton fibre is Of
the highest antiquity, the oil of the seeds
was not employed. It. appears that the
6rst suggestion for utilizing the oil emsns-
ted from theL London society for encourage
msnt of arts and science, in 1755, but,
even in the United States, the oil was
lis,le known in 1856; very little of it is
still made in Brszil, and the amount OBJ
tsined in Mlrstilles from West African
seeds is not considerable. London mann
features the most, from seeds imported
from tbs Inches ard North America; but
the production is neither as extensive nor
IS regular as it might be.
The annusl production of cotton Is esti-
mated at over one Thousand millions of
kilogrm, of which the United States pro-
ducs about six hundred millions of Kill
ogrm. The author obtained from two
ripe capsules for 1000 parts cotton 2520 and
1879 parts seeds. Aloan, in bis "Traite
complet de Ia flsture du cotton" Paris,
1865, states that the proportion between
cotton and seeds is very variable, but that
IN the mean four parts of crude cotton
yield n psrt of spinning fibre, leaving
three parts for the seed and ofial, so that
the annual production of seeus would be
between two snd three thousand millions
OF kilogrm. But if the cotton seeds are
estimated only at one Thousand millions
Of kilogrm., there might be obtained at
least one hundred and fifty millions of
kilogrm. OF oil. In MarseiIes, one hun
dred kilogrn. OF crude ~cottonssed oil are
valued az 20 francs; the purified at los
70 Ito francs. The above Q~usntity would
therefore represent a value of ons hun
bred and twenty mil ion of francs, The
five to sever hundred millions CT kill
ogrm of press cakes would probably have
TO be valued at twenty TO twenty millions
of francs.
The seed that comes from seventy thou
ssnd bales Of cotton is worked up in our
Memphis oil mills into various products,
including very hne soap, which Is calcu-
lated 10 take the place Of CASTLE soap.
1.-THE cost of transportation had not been
50 heavy, much more seed would come
hsre. We only receive about o~ne-seventh
Of the seed that comes from the cotton
which 6ndH q market here; the cost of
transportation alone preventing heavier
receipts. This quantity Of cotton seed
keeps four mills in active operation ali
the winter, and gives employment to over
two hundred persons, not TO mention all
the animals that find work and grub
through this means.
A bale of cotton yields about one thou
sand pounds seed, which is worth 81 so at
the oil mil; u the 20, 600 600 pounds Of
seed which reach here brings to the plant
or about Sjl5 900. There is much of this,
however, expended in freight and drsy-
age. All this seed is used in our tour
mills.
The seed, when received at the mill, is
first ginned, for the purpose Of taking OF
anything il the way of fibre hat remains
upon it. 1t is astonishing the quantity of
short cotton that is found upon the seed.
This product is bsled up and sold for ten
cents per pound at the present price of
cotton. Tne seed is then huilsd, the meal
passing n one direction and the hulls in
another. The hulls are used for fuel, and
keep the engines running, thus saving the
price of coal. The meal, which is c5arse |
sftsr leaving the hulier, is subse quently
ground; then heated in order to d~isengsge |
the volatile matter. Il is then put into
narrow sacks and showed under tia n.y.
drsulic presses, and the oil squeezed out
at a pressure of several hundred pounds
to the sq1sre inch This pressure pro
duces the ''Oil cake" as well as the oil. |
The bags are all removed from the press
es, and the meal, now compressed into
solid cake, removed and packed in sacks
ready for transportation, while the oil is
gathered into barrels, A ton of meal will
yield a considerable quantity of oil. Six
presses will yield thirty barrels of oil per
dRy, and about six tOns of cake.
A vast quantity, estimsbed in weight
as well as IN bulk, OF the seed received 10
eliminated before the core OF the seed is
reached. The short cotton, the dirt and
hulIs make up the larger part of the
cottOnseed as IL comes from the gins.
There is also about eight or nine per cent,
Of water in the seeds. The cake is vslus-
BILE for cattle feed, but not so valuable as
10 bear long and expensive ~trsnsporta-
The cake made here and designed
for the Liverpool market must be shipped
~ convenient times by water, the rail
nnan frQiUhE IN Maui Xnrk ha4nr ~ haa--l
IS to render it Improbable to ship that
1t would be altogether out Of the
10 ship the raw seed any great
distance so a mill The mills muss be
light where the seed is produced. st.
with its great facilities of MACH n
Try snd chssp labor, produces little over
me thousand barrels of Oil in a year. Our
mills turn out that quantity in ten DAYS,
the reason Is, we are IN the center Of the
Heed producing country. Mills have been
ried In Cincinnati, but failed, because
he freight charges on the seed rendered
heir operations Improbable and imprae-
icsble. Very much Of The meal pro- :
luced is sold right here; dairymen pur- I
.hsse 1t, and those of our farmers who
Its value for csttlefeed are be-
to pstronizs it. The oil Is not
worked up" here 10 any great extent.
{ Is exported Just as petroleum Is ex-
'orted from the oil regions, and !
converted into yari- J
us sorts of marketable oil. We i
Ise some of Il here, The Memphis i
Il company exhibits fine specimens of 4
osp manufactured from il, and it 10 said
very good and cheap butter can be
from the oleaginous product OF
ottonseed. The cottonseed oil Is of 8
hid taste, non-drying, and congeals
omewhat below o. o. According to Sizes
Dr., it consists mainly of olein and PAL ,
litin. For technical purposes, it ranks !
18th psnne seed and olive oil, provided IL Z
9 obtained cOlorless or family yellow. 1t Z
exported in large quantities, partially I
from England and from Mar. .
'illes 70 Italy, whence it is re-exported 9
) olive oil. a
A factory in Rhode Island turns out a I
g6st, golden yellow Oil from the crude ?
of our mills. Most likely, this is Z
lsrketed all over the country as olive y
l. It enters largely into the compost =
on OF most OF the uDguents used for the !"
air. When put up in fancy little walls,
sautlfully labeled, and scented, Il orns- =
ents the shelves and showcases Of our =
-nggtsts and sells at very high figures .
Cottonseed OIL, In its crude state, Is col.
purple by concentrated sulphuric
i'd, and If blchromste of potsssa be
lded ct the same time, blood-red /; DO
ssa colors 1t yellowish, and in contact
w tAu al Aud41 DAul5u purple After
o first reaction, water will separate a
after which dissolves with beautiful
Tors, ranging between blue and red, in
cohol, chloroform, bisulphide OF carbon,
Itssss, sulphuric acid, and ether; If these
Tors could be fixed an excellent dye-
al would be gained This body is pro- r.
bly, formed by the splitting Of q tsnnin: "
found it In 6S9 carbon and 8 u
y
scid imparts to the purified oil a
~ faint yellowish color; a cold mixture ~
equal parts of nitric and sulphuric acid n
1dsrs IL red-broWn.
he COMPONENT PARTS OF THE SEED, ~
The yield in oil, aside from the specjes *
d from climatic Influences, varies with
3 treatment OF the seeds; the felt cover.
counting sometimes to IA per cent, OF
weight, II present during The express
%, must retain considerable of the oil.
p per cent. Of the ol have been OBJ.
ned, and after the removal of the testa
TO over so per cent. The economic
Tue OF cotton seed rests mainly in the
t that the oil msy be obtained in eaor-
lus Quantities as q by-product.
from the nitrogen found. the
DIS contain about % psr cent. and the
-nels about 81 Per IA Of protein COM
lnds, showing the value OF the press
zee as fe d or manure. ~,
from 3 7 to 6-78 per cent. Of ashes have r.
n obtained from the seeds, 2-3 per M,
It. from the tesla, as to Sc from The nj
.nels. Tbs anoun of wster Ia s to 9 ~,
cent, of gum and sugar together oil
par cent. the karDala onfv ? nor oa1t -