New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1871-07-24
SCIENTIFIC NOTES.


Inventor " a new method OF painting, employs 20
called pOlverizator IA sprssproducmg HS',ulNoiv lo'
applying lqutd pigments AVID dyes to the sntaov %
~ an inSss@Rie sySsy and made t 50 any desired
aartb, ON Sac ohjecss TO he painted "r dyed
PRESERVATION OF MEATs.-E. Pelouze gives,
nm the Bopis~r Scten6Rque the following description OF
his process The meat other animal substance INST
ant into uces of convenient size is placed for some
zine in an atmosphere Of carbonic oxiGe gas, under
pressure: After this treatment tne maera II nf,ee o
moisture the substances II Is then treated WIN an
annseptc solution either s & csrh"c acid
finally IT is packed in Theoretically sealed vessels.
INTERESTING EXPERIMENTS ON CoLoR-Dr.
Clerk Maxwell recently made some striking experiments
ma LIGHT and color at the Royal Institution London
xsure OF blue and yellow pigments produced green
,oker When diecs Of blue and yellow hight were pro
,eeted on screen and made to overlap the combined
sights produced not green color, but pure white IN
she same manner by rowsg req Sn1 SIe re mSreSon
Of brilliant yellow. Similar eolors have been thus com
by American experimenters but win very oineF
ent results those obtained by Mr. Maxwell
New COAL MINES IN INDIA.-Ihe London
hiiag Journal contains some interesting statistics Win
reference to the coal mines of Berar
IN India The total Of the coafeds is more than
leo square miles, and the coal Is easily accessible.
Lately vein Of ceal struck II feet from the surface
and 30 feet Of pierced without the bottom Of the
seaIn being reached The area OF one ned, eaeu Idc
Damuda Is estimated az l49 square mics any 'I hd 90
thickness of the vein at 40 feet Valuable peas OF
sron ore found the woon district, con-
tanning from SO to es per cent of iron
DELIcACY OF THE SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL
HKTHOD.-Prof. Roscoe, IN recent lecture "on Spec
srum Analysis and its AppIcatiOnto the Bessemer Pro
of Manufacturing Steel" presented the following
table showing that in the spectrum analytical method
che delcacy Of reaction is something almost beyond be-
Nef
Soda-I-3 OO0OOoth OF mills Tamme 1880 600 0OOth
Of grain Of soda he easily detected Soda is always
present in the air. All bodies exposed 10 the air show
che yellow soda Inc. If book be busted near the fame
the soda reaction will be seen
sooth Of grain be easily detected Ithum was only
known to occur in four minerals It is now found by
Ebuted elements. 1t exists in almost all rocks IN sea
and water in the ashes OF most plants, Ia milk, In
human blood, and muscular tissue.
SirOHfG oOOth of miliigramme or IL ooOth
81 gram OF strontia easily detected and has been
shown TO exist in many mestOnes Of various geo
logical ages.
Of grain of lime can he easily detected.
OGsta9ILhis new alkaline meta a was 9 mS
Its spectrum consists of two bright ssse lines Thirty
tuns of mineral water yielded leo grains of C@sium
THE FORCE OF DEToNATING GASEOUS MIX
TUREs.-Dr. Berheot has completed his investigations
the force Of gunpOwder and other explosive sub
stances by presenting in the MOnitem Seientifque a
able OF explosive mixtures consisting Of oxygen with
various and yapors, also the amount OF heat and
pressure produced by one klOgramme of each mixture.
According to this review the maximum effect OF each
mixture varies only from TO and is about equal
for the several hydrocarbons and the OF ether
and bSnzine bug this effect surpasses that Of al Solid
erOgen and oxygen, for instance is i've times greater
s ~ o"" anu SeS isfHres eIpcrm 1S
with are supposed TO he under ATMOSPHERIC press
between 20 and stospheres each is pounds pres
sure 20 the square inch and is very greatly different
liquid explosive substances we are acquainted With a
be tLs case by most people until In order to OBJ;
tain pressure more nearly like that exerted by solid
compress the bulk Of the explosive gaseous mixtures
until their density was nearly that OF the EXPLOSIVE
moment the difficulty Of this operation the result would
be iqueacon OF most Of the % ss N
sesruetion Of the ho@Ogenety Of the explosive mix
tue and accordingly also the possibility OF obtaining
EMULATION OF PLANTs.-The functions of
the leaf such that during its exposure to sunlight 1t
gives OF exhaations both Of gas and vapOr II decom
poses earbon acid gas absorbing the carbon and setting
free the other component oxygen gas at the same time
the sap Of the plant by carrying of its
surplus water through the pores Of the leaf in the form
Of yapOr During active vegetation, the quantity OF
wafer exhaed by the leaves is very great. BOanists
certain plants Several experiments OF Hales and others
may here be noted sunhower 81 feet high presenting
surface square feet exposed TO the air and light
found TO perspire at the rate OF IRON ~ 10 ~
ssnSt y times more than the amount perspired
by an ordnarysized man during the same time.
peTspire nine ounces OF water per day, and vine OF
about the same surface from six Recent
experiments by DR. MacNab with the laurel cherry prove
leaves contain about 90 per cent OF water Sun
light found TO be more efficient than chloride Of
lime suphic acid in abstraetng water from the leaf
in light Of any kind under surface Of the leaf
found 10 perspre water than the upper surface
Al night the process is arrested aud In the shade
only two cent of the water IN the leaf passed off per
hour into dry atmosphere while In saturated atmOs-
phere eXhalatOn ceased 1t seems obvious that this
function of the leaf must have great effect in modifying
extensive forests in territory deficient in moisture have
shown that within few years the number 81 rainy days
during the year have increased at least four fold
The STRENGTH OF PORTLAND CEMENT.-Mr
JOhn Grant paper recently read before the instu-
ton Of Civil Engineers, London, described series Of
experiments made him for the purpose Of testing the
strength Of Portland cement also the different modes Of
using cement. constructed Of concrete consist
aug oneseventh cement to sx-sevenths of sand and
lined inside with cement, regarded by him as the
cheapest form Of combining strength with sound
meas Tables also given Of the strength Of 49, 21
bushels Portland used during the last five
ON works south Of the River Thames, showing
tensile strain at the end OF week OF s3 D.,
equal TO S5Sb per square inch, being Improvement
that reported five years ago OF 80 square inch
At tire end of thirty days $1,000 bushels OF the same
cement, ascertained by lS0 tests had en- average
strength of ass 70 per square inch Further expert
ence had confirmed the earlier conclusions that the
strength of Portland cement increased with It's specific
gravity perfect puyergatOn, aud its thorough
4dmiXture with the minimum quantity OF water In form
sng mortar. Heavy cement, weighing l23 pounds per
bushel, took about two TO attain Its maximum
strength when used but by the adixture OF sand
gravel cement, mortar, concrete was reduced In
strength and set less rapidly than pure cement Roman
cement, though from its quick setting property very
valuable or many purposes deeriOraed after exposure
" air before use about twice as much as Portland
cement, IL measured by strength. In making cement
concrete would, from this desirable TO spend
more time than absolutely necessary TO effect
thorough admixture Of the cement With the sand and