davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

APRIL-This month takes its name
either from aperio, to open-because at
this time the earth seems to be opening
and preparing to enrich us with its
bounties, or according to Varro, from
aphrodite, (the goddess of love among
the Greeks) because April is especially
consecrated to the goddess.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

IMPORTANT DEoIsIoN.-The Su-
preme Court of Pennsylvania has de-
cided (Judge Sharswood delivered the
opinion) that purchaser at Sheriff Is
sale is not bound to look beyond the
Judgmen. docket to ascertain whether
the entries thereon are properly made
by authority aud that where there is a
defective entry of a judgment, or an
unauthorized entry of satisfaction, the
prothonotary Is liable to damages to the
psrty injured. Hence, where the pro-
thonotary, without the authority of the
court, entered on his docket against a
Judgment Satisfied fl. Ja." it was held
that the entry was perfectly regular and
conclusive as to third persons to whom
the judgment itself regularly docketed
was conclusive notice, and that it was
not necessary to search further and
ascertain whether there was any record
OF an order to the court directing such
satisfaction. ias
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
sEERIFFS SALE.

By virtue of writ of Levari Facias, is
sued out of the Court of Common Pleas
of Elk county, and to me directed, l will
expose to sale by public vendue or outcry,
at the Court House, in Ridgway.
ON MONDAY, MAY 8, 1871,
at one o'clock. P. NJ. The equal undivided
half part of two certain tracts or parcels
of land, situate in the Township of Fox,
County of Elk and State of Pennsy ylvania,
and bounded and described as follows:
THE FIRST beginning at thorn tree
on the hank of the Little Toby Creek,
thence South 45o East, one hundred
and one (l0l) rods to post, thence North
45o East, sixty -four rods to post, thence
North 45o West ninety four rods to hem
lock on the bank of said creek, and thence
down said CT eek, its several courses and
distances to the place Of beginning. Con-
tanning thirty-six acres, and one hundred
and thirty-fou rods, and allowance, said
tract being known as the HELEN Mills
Property, and being one of the tracts of
lani sold and conveyed TO Joseph Z, Gay
by p. w. Hays, Sheriff Of Elk County, by
virtue of Writs of execution to him directed
as will appear by the records of the Court
OF common Il6ds Ol Elh OOunty, anu ny
said Hays decided TO said Joseph E. Gay,
recorded in the Recorders Office Of Elk
County, in Deed Book ST."
THE SECOND being an other of the
tracts of land, conveyed to Joseph L. Gay
by P, W. Hays Sheriff as aforesaid; Be-
ginning at post at the southwest corner
of land conveyed to Uriah Rogers by Nor
ris ct al, thence West ninetytwo rods to
beech, thence North one hundred and
thirty eight rods to hazel tree, thence
East ninety-two rods to beech, thence
South one hundred and thirty eight rods to
the place of beginning. Containing
seventy nine acres and fifty. six rods, and
being parts of tracts Nos. 4244 and 4245,
together with the buildings and improve.
ments thereon erected. iua- f
Seized and taken in execution as the
property of William Reed, at the suit of
Eaton N. Frisbce now for use of Chemang
Canal Bank of Elmira. and to be sold by
-sa JACOB McCAULEY,
A" -' t Sheriff.
SHERIFF's OFFICE. o. ..-g l
Ridgway, April II, lS7l.j vlnsts,
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

JOSEPH X. WuITMoaE, of this place.
has been appointed By Gov. Geary, to
the position of Associate Judge. vice
T.. G. Schultz. resigned, to serve until
the first Monday in December, 1871.
We congratulate Judge Whitmore on
his appointment
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
PLEASE GIVE us A CALL.
CONTRACTORS TAKE NOTICE.

That sealed proposals will be received by
the Commissioners of Elk County, at their
Otice in Ridgway, until MONDAY, MAY
lst, 1871, for the erection of BRIDGE of
two hundred and twenty'fye feet in leng 9Th,
one or two spans-but one span preferred
across the Clarion River at this place.
Separate bids win be considered for Stone,
Masonry, Iron or Wooden superstrueture,
or for the whole including materials and
labor. Contractors will be required to
give ample security for the completion of
the bridge in workmanlike manner.
By order of Commissioners, ono
JA5 i1f c. II. MeCAULEY, Clerk.
RidgwaY, April 4th, ls7l.--v1n6tf. l5n
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

Now would be good time for our
Supervisors to repair the sidewalks.
There are several places on Main street
that need fixing, and a new walk is
needed on Depot street. This matter
should receive attention.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

Texas alone has 3,SOo,O0O cattle 6i-
vided into $4,000 beeves, $4,000
COWS, 100000 young cattle. The
plains ou which these cattle ream con-
about 1852, 100000 acres of ground.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

WILCOX, this county, has had a taste
of Ku-Klux; last week six or seven
roughs attempted to tar and feather a
negro at that place, but they only sue
ceeded in getting little tar daubed on
his head. Warrants were issued for the
Ku-Klux when they made themselves
scarce.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

GEN. RoBr. HALsEY, of New York,
was in town last week looking after his
interests in this section.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

ALL the licenses, applied for, were
grated at the term of court last week.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

Two Irishmen, disputing about their
pedigree, suggests the best idea of re-
spectacle pedigree. "My ancestor"
said one Paddy, "was an invited guest
in the ark" "To the divil wie yer
ark" rejoiued his fellow-Hibernian;
'rd hev ye to understand that my prog
enitor had boat Of his own" lIE +
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

THE Commissioners of Elk County
will meet at their Office in Ridgway, GA
Monday, May 1st, 1871.
G. III. MeCauiey, Clerk.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

JUDGE SoHULTzE, of Reynoldsville,
Jefferson county, was in town last week.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

1T will be seen by reference to our
new advertisements, that Sheriff Nc
Cauley has some land which he wishes
to dispose Of.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

THERE will be meeting Of the Alert
B. B. g., at room No. %, Hyde House
Saturday, April 22d, 1871.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

WE are favored with alroral displays
most every night.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

What an organ is in vast cathe-
dral In the hands of an ignorant player,
that is the soul of man in this liie-aa
instrument of wonderful compass and
sweetness badly played, and therefore
uttering more noise than music
I TBeecher. H oi H"o.. .F
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
NEW ADVER EASEMENTS

NJ OTICE.-All persons are hereby eau
~ toned against trusting my wife
Amelia, as she has left my bed and board
without just cause or provocation. On
and after this date, April 7th, 1871, will
pay no debts of her contraction.
FRANK VORNBAUM.
st. Mary's, April 7th, 187l.-vInSt3.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

THE following notice was found
posted in one of our neishboring villa
ges, and handed us for publication:
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

Delaware sends out promises of au
abundant peach crop. The trees are
full of blossoms. ....
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

--- NTTII on, IOI I.
Notice Chestnuts or cherry hereby
notify that if thear is any Fence Posts
wanded they can he had by the untersinght
at the reate of IL sent pice delivered you
can let word at the store of -
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
Elk Lodge, A. Y. M.

Stated meetings of Elk Lodge will be
held at their hall on the second and fourth
Tuesdays of each month.
G. L. McCRACKEN, Sec'y.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
Tamnle cf Honor and Temperanoe.

Elkton Temple, No. g., meets on Thurs
day of each week, at the .Good TEN plars
Lodge room, over C. v. Gillis' store.
II. A. PARSONS, ". r.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

SEE Healy & Horizons new advertise.
ment in this issue.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
aad iPeddlers to /

WANPED-Agents aad iPeddlers to
wv sell a thoi oughly good domestic
article, wanted in every family. N No eom-lh
petition. Exclusive territory given. Busi-
ness very pleasant Agents have sold 3 4
dozen, netting $50 profit per day,ia One
sold $50 in small town, another 81 in
calling on 80 families. Outfit S3. No
danger of imposition. Best of reference
son streot iii Rastnn M Mass 'fiSsf 7nDsTs"""
ylrceowi, ~ BITTLEFIELD &lDAAIE. 70
I T.d.ii 's8mls lo smnu b f1T1T nstE
! 30 1ohtua n aliai0-siniaa ab mndn4dl
$50 sidi aaod7 E1utns9 fina9inegn sHi
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
Glk Guuntg Sdrotate
Rates Of Advertising.

Transient advertising persquare of eight
lines or less-3 times or less.......... 9 90
Business cards, ten lines or less per
year. .....,.,....... w
Marriages and Death notices inserted
gratis.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
Car Time at EttdgtUGy.

THE weather is middling cool.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

TO NEBRASKA. CALtrJGNIA, tND
2 KANSAS, AND THE b y NJ. R, r.,
LANDS.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20
BUSINESS CARDS.

1TENRY soUTHER, Attorney-atiLaw
Bl Ridgway, Pa. (feb296s), g
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

~ A. RATHBUN, AttOr ney -at-Low
NJe Ridgwoy Pa. 22tf
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

A S. HILL, Physician and Surgeon,
IN Kersey, Elk Co. Pa. .f I'll. .tt..I
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

T0IlN G.. HALL, Attorney at law, Ridg.
eB way, Elk county Pa. [mar.22'661
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

F Y. SORG, Saloon-keeper, corner of
Railroad and Michael streets, St.
Marys, Pa. Native Wines, good Lager
Beer, etc., constantly on hand. %
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

W. LILLIAN GELS, Restaurant, Mi
wv chael street, st. Marys, Pa, keeps
the best of Lager Beer and Native wines
constantly on hand. rs
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1871-04-20

NEoRGE WALMSLEY, County Sur
VI vey or, ST. Marys, Pa, holds himself
in readiness at all times, TO perform jobs
in his line. % s8f j. sre .lays2S
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28
THANKS

To the generous friends who have respond
cd to our appeal for help to extend the circu-
lation of the FARMER. Some of them, not
satisfied with sending us one additional
name, have added two and three, with COM
plimentary and cheering remarks, such rs,
- regard your paper us Il plain, common
sense little sheet, well worth the price you
ask for it," We like it much, in fact, of the
three papers we take yours is the most read,
and therefore the most important. =" My
boy claims the FARMER us his paper, and
treasures it so that it is hard for the rest of
us to get peep ut it," Yours is truly
Hre paper, and we only wish you would re-
move it to our city, Burlington. 81 like
the paper and would like to help get it II big
circulation. 81 have taken the FARMER
three months, and | don't know how to do
without it," &C., &c A lady canvasser who
has sent us many subscribers, writes" Last
week | was over some of the ground can
vassed in June. Met number of the sub
scrbers to the FARMER obtained at that time.
Was delighted to hear every one say they
were satisfied with the paper. They like it
so well that they will all renew when the
year closes" Prof Collier, Secretary of the
State Board of Agriculture writes-''I am
thoroughly pleased with the FARMER, and
feel that it ought to succeed" Hon. S. l..
Goodale, Secretary Maine Board of Agricul-
ture Says find more in your little FARM
Err than in many much more pretcntious
Sheets" We hope these evidences of appre-
citation will encourage our friends to continue
their efforts, until Vermont has firmly estab-
lished IN organ of her agricultural interests.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28
ERMONT FARM E r.

and give large messes of milk. much more
than can strip from any of mine at home.
From eight cows he makes fifty pounds of
butter week. Careful experiments have
not been made with each cow, but the large
milk mirror and yellow skin would satisfy
any dailyman of their excellence if they
came along the road in chance drove from
Canada, but | presume | cannot make any
one believe these COWS of Mr.. Cleveland's
are good mixers, so let it rest another year,
when am assured the milk shall be weighed
and other statistics furnished to prove that
it is good rich milk that makes fat calves in
spring and good butter in fall.
u. +. JAMESON.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28

The railroad commissioners of Massachu-
sets have for some time been urging upon
the railroads the Importance of themselves
conducting the express business over the diff
ferent lines, and the directors of the Boston
and Albany railroad have decided to make
the experiment in small way AS soon ms
the necessary arrangements can be made
they will establish an express between Bos-
ton and Worcester and intermediate points
on the line, not to interfere with the trans
mission of money and the collection business,
but only to transport heavy freight and mer-
chandse packages, which are now conveyed
by private express companies. That this Is
the beginning of an important change in the
express business, we have no doubt, and that
the change will be much to the advantage of
the railroad companies and the satisfaction
of the public, is equally certain.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28

We see it stated that 1.-THE towns and vii
lagos of Kurdistan, II Persian province, are
being visited by n terrible and hitherto I'M
known epidemic. The eyes become blood
shot, the body covered with stains of violet
hue, and humors break out under the arm
pits. The patient generally dies after hours
of agony, and but few cases of cure have been
known. The disease is ola very infectious
character and when one person in II house
is seized the rest are soon attacked"
This unknown" disease is apparently II
form of scurvy the result perhaps, of the
privations consequent upon the famine which
has visited that country during the past year.
1t is probably not truly infectious, although,
us families and neighborhoods are more or
less exposed to the same exciting cause. one
case in house would be likely to be follow
ed by others, the weaker, being seized first
and those of more vitality afterwards.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28
PROSPECT HILL.

This is the name given to the abrupt ele-
walton that rises some three hundred feet
Immediately in the rear of our village, af-
fording view IN every direction, OF lake
and mountain scenery, combined with fertile
and wel-tilled farms, neat homesteads and
beautiful woodlands that one might travel
fur and fail to match. But with all its wealth
of view it has heretofore been all but practi-
caly inaccessible to any but men and boys
who could climb the rough fence that sur
rounded it and thread its tangled paths.
Now, however, under the direction of our
enterprising railroad president, Emmons Ray
mond, Esq, its improvement has been conf
menced, preparatory to the building of II
summer clearinghouse, or hotel, near its
summit. road winding upward in spiral
direction is nearly completed, giving access
already to many points of view heretofore
inaccessible, MS well rs furnishing the neces-
sary facilities preliminary to the commence
ment of building operations.
But besides its magnificent outlook, Pros
pect Hill has another attraction that is al
most unique. 1t is II natural drJ0retum, or
plantation of trees, especially of the confer
Gus species, which have grown here in neg
lect, into specimens that many millionaire
would give thousands if he could successful
ly transfer, in all their beauty, to his grounds.
Nowhere should we know where to look for
so many and such perfect specimens of the
white and pitch pine frs, spruccs, hemlocks,
arbor vitaes and tamaracks (American
larch) as are here collected And it is the
desire that these beautiful trees may have
proper consideration shown to them that
prompts us to pen this article. Already the
mark of the woodlands axe is upon too
many of them, and unless care is taken, one
of the greatest charms of the locality is in
danger of ireparable loss and Disagreement.
We trust that Mr.. Raymond, WHO'S no doubt,
man of taste as well us enterprise. will con-
slider this point well. We would suggest
that the employment of competent land
scape gardener to lay out the paths, designate
the trees that should be preserved or re-
moved, and protect those exposed to injury
during the progress of the work on the hill,
would be wise and truly economical pro-
ceeding At any rate the indiscriminate
"limbing-up" of the woodchopper, whose
idea of IL beautiful tree, if he have any at all
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28

is modelled on long-handled broom, should
be arrested. Beauty that has taken years to
produce can be brought to dcsolation in an
hour by such hands.
Vermont farmer. [volume] (Newport, Orleans County, Vt.) 1870-1877, 1871-10-28
Earmer
T. II. HOsKINs. NJ. d., Editor.

Communications and letters relating to the editorial man
agement of the paper Should he addressed to the Editor All
others should be addressed the Publisher simply to the
FARMER Both however, may be reached in the same letter
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1871-11-01
Post Office NeWSr0Om !

Just received new stock Of Stationery,
Fancy Goods Of al kinds. A new Stock OF
Gold Pens, LEROY W. Fsirchild Pens and
the celebrated johnson Gold Peus). George
westenholm's Cutlery, Knives, Rsxors and
Scissors. Also, Knives made BY d. l. ".
King A new CIRCULATING LIBRA.
RY. Copies Of N. Y. Dsilies always n b.
bad. Weekly and Monthly Periodicals Of
oil denominations. Papers mailsd to any
part Of the country If desired. A Large
Stock Of Tobacco, both Chewing and smo.
kiug, Of the very best quality. Duff In
struclions 10 Book Keeping. School Books,
Copy Books, and snything pertaining to q
hrst class stationery store. P. O. NEWS
ROOM, PETROLEUM. CENTRE. PA.
oct27n F. K. NICHOLSON, Prop'r.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1871-11-01

The new oil town Of Tip Top, near Fox
burg. has changed its name to that Of East
Foxburg. I paid ita noctnrnsl visit last
Wednesday evening, and was fully paid for
trampipg up hill for the distance Of a mile.
accompanied by fri MI with lsutern -
10 tais it'll. town found the Finley House
lt.htpd ard warmed by gas from y we'll one
b nndred rods distsnt, also Q hardware etore
with tweuty-one gas burners. from the same
we'll. In addition 10 this. tho unutilized
gas ct the well, would, II applied, furnish
fuel and light for ten more such buildings.
The excitement Is on the increase 10 these
parts. A well was struck Last week two
miles east Of here, which yields one hundred
and ten barrels Of oil daily, actual msasur-
ment.-Erie Dispatch.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1871-11-01

Another large audience greeted the Wal.
lace Sisters on their second appearance, last
evening, at Sobel's Opra House. The
beautiful drama of "Tbe Factory Girl was
well rendered throughout, and proved the
accomplished trio to be equally az good in
performing the legitimate drama ss 10 bur
l-sqne comedy. Miss Jennie "a Margaret
Crawford" pxsibited Q wonderful simplicit
n carrying out the character Of the honest,
hard.working, virtuous Factory Girl, whose
moral courage was euficsnt to Withstand
the wfles Of tho libertine. Mr.. Fortescne as
"Toby Twinkle" carried out the character
o! the Epgi'sh workman true to life. Mrs
Wallace a. Lady Lestherbridge; Miss Dolly
King az Lady wssteudlsigh; Mr.. johnson
90 Stephen Plum, oil acted their characters
trus to life. The afterpiece was equally
well rendered, and Kept the audience In q
roar OF Laughter throughout.
This evening will be produced the Comic
Operate Burlesque, entitled, "Ls Grsnde
Ducbesse Of Gero lstein"; and the laughsble
farce Of "Bounee Him." in whicn the entire
company will appear. New dances, new
songs, variety performances, &c. As this
10 the last night OF their engagement here,
we hope our citizens will "tender them a
bumper al parting" as they are worthy Of
it. Manager Dobson is certainly entitled 10
the credit Of having . nrst-cIass company
who give Hrst- cl ,ss eutert aiument,
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1871-11-01
A Year of Disaster.

We are truly in the mids. Of year of die.
aster. A bare glance at few detail y mus.
stamp 1t - without parallel 10 modern his.
tory. The great fire at Chicago the conaa.
grations 10 the forests of Michigon and Wa
consin, With their terrible sacrifices Of lite
and property; the glowing praires Of the FAY
West, pouring their cataracts of resistless
lame over bundreas OF miles OF desols sted
territory; the mountains OF California and
New Mexico. . eeetbing sea o, fire; the
fresbst filing the rivers OF Maine. sweeping
of property BY the million and lives BY tho
score; the hurricane rushing over the coast
Of Newfoundland ;tbe typhoon sweeping over
China, lifting up the lake like a plaything
and burling 1t in deadly billows over many
miles Of coast. And with all this come,
cholera, the plague, fever, smallpox, and
famine. slight relief to this revolving
picture is presented 10 the almost limitlsss
generosity Of favored localities like ours
localities whic6 have esc.ped the seriou.
calsmity, aud over which Provid.nc h.s
scattered His richest blessings. In these To-
cAlities there have besu noble, grand, i'm
pre'sivs manifestations Of sympsthy in be
bslf OF tte stricken aud destitute.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1871-11-01

For fast railroad time sud quick work
tho following hss probably never been ex-
eslled: During the late conAsgration 10
Chicago two drs engines were ssnt from
Bloomington, Illinois. In two hours 90 d
forty minutes from the time started, 10 .
special train, over ths Chicago, Alton and
st. Louis Railroad. they we're throwing va.
tor on tho Gre. The train made the run,
l2S miles 10 two hours and ten minutes,
and the run fromTBloomiugton 10 Joliet,
eighty 'niss miles, was made 10 eighty min
utes.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1871-11-01

The destruction Of life and property by
the great fire in the Northwest is now said
to have been much greater than reported.
Men and women destroyed themselves. pa.
rents cut their children's throats, hundreds
lssped into wells, and crowds perished by
inches 1t 10 doubtful II such horrible
scenes were ever before known 10 this cou d.
try. They literally beggsr criptlon. 1t
10 reported that over 5000 lives were lost.