The New York herald., 1871-01-15


quently, the revision of the Treaty Of Paris Of
1866, in 80 far as IL relates to the entry of armed
vessels to its waters and the objections Of Russia,
win assemble iu this city on Tuesday the 18th Of
January.
Tuesday the Sd Of January, was, as the reader4
Of the HERALD are aware. first named 40 the day
Of meeting. Then there were probabilities Of q
failure Of the plan. but 1t Ii decided that the
Conference will meet as report to-day.
belgium a UniversaI Peace Mediator in
the Conf romeo.
BRUSSELS. jan. IA. 1871.
have excellent authority for asserting that the
Belgian government Will be an active participator
in the London Conference and that the Kings Min
listers are charged aud Will endeavor to effect uni
vcrsal European peace through the fundamentally
OF that assembage
The Russian flatiOrm-Whnt the Cxar VIII
Demand Of the Assembled Diplomats.
In view OF the important intelligence which Ii
reported In our special telegram published above
and OF the near approach Of the day OF meeting
OF the European Conference on the Black SEQ
navigation question, we proceed to present
carefully revised copy OF tho circular which Prince
Gortchak0n addressed to the Russian Ambassador
In London on the subject under date OF October 81,
1870. The GortchakoT circular embraces the points
which will be debated by the penipoentiaries,
thus:-
Prince Gortchakon's CircuIar-rhe Treaty of
1856.
TsARsKoE-SELO Oct. 81, 1870.
successive alterations in the treaties considered
as the foundation OF the European balance OF power
Inquire how far the political position Of Russia has
been ana ought to be modified BY these changes.
Among the treaties alluded 10 that which touches
Russia more nearly tnan any other l3
the compact Of March 20. 1856. The special
convention between the two States bordering ON
the Black Sea, which forms an appendix TO thd
treaty, obllges Russia to confne her naval forces to
minimum. At the same time this treaty estabhsneE
the principle Of the naturalization OF the Black Sea-
BY laying down this principle the slgnatory Powers
between the Powers bordering on the Black Sea or
between either OF them and the maritime Powers.
Der Of the territories which have been accorded the
benefit OF neutrality by common consent ana lhug
protect Russia herself from the danger Of attack.
| ffteen years. experience has proved that tnis
principle, on which the safety OF the South RUSSIAN
frontiers exclusively depends, IS no more than .
theory. In reality, while Russia disarmed In the
| Slack Sea, ana, by declaration contained In the
minutes OF the Conference. likewise loyalty de-
for an enectual maritime defence IN the adjoining
seas and ports Turkey preser ed her privilege OF
having all unlimited number OF men-Of.war In the
Arch. .pelago and the Straits, hlle France and Eng
land were also at liberty TO assemble their squad
roDs IN the Mediterranean.
Again, under the treaty in question, the war nag
OF a nations IS formally and perpetuaiiy prohibited
entry into the b Bssk sea- Dnt ,ne socaea straits
men-ofwar. Owing to this Inconsistency the shores
OF The Russian Empire are exposed TO attack even
from less powerful States II they have some naval
forces at their disposal All that Russia could OPP
pose TO them would be some ships OF small size.
The Treaty OF March 30 has, moreover been mod
| fed by some OF those infringements 10 which most
European transactions have been lattery exposed,
| and In the face Of which 1t would be difncut TO
| maintain that the written law. founded upon the
respect for treaties as the basis OF public right and
the rule governing the relations between States,
| retains the moral validity
possessed at other tunes We have wit
messed the the princlpaItes Modavia aud Wal
tee OF the great Powers, been dthaed
in the Treaty Of Peace and the appended protocols,
accomplish series OF revolutions which are equally
at variance with the letter and spirit OF these
actions, arrangements which first lead 10 their
foreign prince: These facts have obtained the
sanction OF the Porte and the consent Of tne
thought 1t necessary to ENFORCE their Objection.
The representative OF tussIa was the only
by this tolerance they departing from distinct
treaty engagements. No doubt II these concessions
to one OF the Christian natonates OF the Eas. had
proceeaed from general agreement between the
Cabinets and the Porte and II they had been based
upon principle aiike applicable 70 al the christian
plauded by the Imperial Cabinet; but they
were exclusive. The Imperial Cabinet could
not but be surprised at seeing a most essential
stipulation OF the Treaty Of March 30 1856, violated
with mpunty but few years after the conclusion
OF the said compact, and this at moment when the
representatives OF the Great Powers, on whose cot
lective authority the East relied fer peace, were
again assembled IN conference at Paris. But this in.
fraction was not the only one.
Repeatedly and under various pretexts, foreign
men-oiwar have been suffered to enter the Straits,
aud whole squadrons whose presence In
those waters was inconsistent with their uncon-
dltional naturalization, admitted to the Black Sea.
While all the guarantees contained IN the treaty
and more especially those for the effective neutal
zation Of the BLACK sea were thus being gradually
unknown and unforeseen in 1886, increased the
danger menacing Russia In the event OF war. She
uvn0 nnu IN a nVn rerNo ,,rnVAr
enemy in the Black Sea. Und hese circumstances.
his Majesty could not but as himself what are the
modification OF the general situation and the disre-
gard shown to engagements which, although
eeIved In spirit OF dfstlust and levelled Mt her
obeyed.
imperial Majesty arrived at the following con-
clusons, which you are instructed to bring TO the
knowledge OF the governments TO which you are
de Jure that treaties, violated in several OF their
general ana essential clauses, should remain bind
ing in other clauses directly affecting interests
OF his empire. Nor can his Imperial Majesty
admit, de .Jacto thar Russia should rely for safety
on q fiction which has not stood the test Of time,
and that sne should allow ner safety TO be i'm.
peried by herself rescectng a treaty partly SET
aside by others Connding In the equitable senu-
ments Of the Powers VINO have sighed the treaty
OF 1855 as well as IN their Consciousness OF their
declare that hts Imperial Majesty cannot any
longer hold himself bound 0y those stipu.atons OF
the treaty Of March 80. 1853, which restrict m tn. the
isiS - W. DANn 49,
that his Imperial Ma esty deems himself boin en-
titled and obliged 10 announce to his Majesty tue
Sultan that he will longer regard as vaid the
special and additional convention appended to the
said treaty, the latter OF wnlch nxes the number
aud size OF the men.ot-war which the two Powers
bordering or the Black Sea shall keep IN that
sea; that Mis- Majesty ioyally informs OF tiis
the Powers who have signed and guaranteed tne
more comprehensive treaty, an integral Fart o!
which Is the Convention in question:; aud that MS
Majesty restores TO the sultan the full exercise Of
his sovereign rights IN this respect retaining Gne
like 1ull exercise OF The same ngns for himself IN
acqutting yourself OF this duty sou viii take care
TO point out tnat the only object OF our nlnsriou@
master in this step is TO protect tne salty ana oiguA
Of his empire.
His Imperial Majesty has no wish TO revive i',e
Eastern question. HIS Imperial Majesty slnceret
desires to contribute towards the conrnu5nce and
consolidation OF peace in the East a wen rs every
wnere else. HIS Imperial Majesty lulW auneres "
his to general principles o the treaty OF