davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
THE OLDEST AND BEST.

The very greatest want In the reform movement Of
day. is able fearless, Ouspoken paper. untrammeled
independent, an! IA devoted 70 the Of reform.
such paper s the Wo.KIxGxAS's A VccArs Man,
efforts lave been msd- within years past 70 stsr
Sach paper. Every Of these efforts up 10 within
time failed It Is necessary to speak
the Of such failures 1t Is enough know that
that has any claims a. . National organ. The WoRKTzG
MAEs ADVOCATE has been published for ave years
having surmOunted all the obstacles that led the fail
Of the many other efforts made BY various parties In
many parts Of the country. The Advocate is now up
arm basis, perfectly from the possibility
failure that people subscribe for IL and feel
times in past The Is only the OLDEST
the LARsssT and the paper in the country dsvo
ed to the Interests Of Labor Reform; mot only
upon arm financial basis. but IL ia published BY men
whose record as friends of the Labor Reform movement
Is Sucu a. to furnish guarantee that the paper will
main the champion OF the reform movement under any
and all circumstances
The Advocate viii ever be . sentinel upon the
WatchtOwer guard the interests Of the people
While lighting every species Of wrong shall be aim
to seek q. .0e ca from which nsw the many
ders Of society and make vigor upon them.
aim will Be strike at the root of the We
will advocate entire change In the monetary system
Of the country, upon the principles and through the
means embraced In the Platform Of the National Labor
Union We sA3 Aovvcate adoption, BY the National
Government new Iand policy, taking the ground
that another Of the public domain should be
disposed Of 10 any company corporation upon
any terMs whatever except in small parcels to actual
settlers We shall favor taxing all uncutivated lands,
and CON- eing all companies. corpora Ions and persons.
holding lands BY government grant, to put the in
the market at prices per acre within
given time and in Of ailure 70 do the land to
revert back the government. We shall advocate the
abolition Of the present National Bank systematic call
ing in Of the whole National Bank circuaton-and lssu
ing In Is place treasury cerncates convertible into
bonds bearing interest, and viee versa, at
the will Of the holder We shall advocate Labor De-
Washington, such as is contemplated in the
resolutions adopted in the last session OF the National
Labor Union We shall advocate Cooperation 10 any
and every form 10 which it be applied to proudc-
ton and distribution We shall advocate the shorten
ing OF the hours a labor in every department OF indus
try We shall advocate q stringent apprentice law in
every State and entire revolution in the system Of
Prison Labor In every State.
we shall advocate equal rights and privileges to the
NO, kinrwomen Of our country. Our motto shall be,
EQua, and exact justice eli" people. We shall advo-
ate the
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
NJ AC HlNISTs.
MoLDeRs

IRON M0LDER>' go OPERATIVE AND
u PROTECTIvE UNIl Nv a ~ CincinrAuO
meets every alternate Saturday ns Z. At Gon.eHaios
Hall, Nos 81 and 20 A-sr 5hT
JANIS A. PAGz, Pre- id-tt
O. g. WHEELER, Recording -ecretary.
We will not Je re p-.n-i t} cent * y, ~
Post Once N der, H. A., tXnr-s-.
Address ell comm nicA kn- q.
g. ~ lam -. rare Sr-.
NHICAGO IRON HUULDEKs Union
~ No. %, meets ~ the Trades Assembly bali. "a
Randolph street, arrn transhL srd Ma ket street.,
every FRIDAY eve "a o'rlort
y. LYscH Pr-.Dr
MAKTIs soULLY. &C 5 ~. tnrX
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
Formation a Great Peoples Party,

with view 70 running the Government, tonA, State
and MnHcpa the interests o. and for the whele peo-
ple Every other question. old or new, will be dealt
with according as We u from standpoint always
having in view the Interests Of ALL We shall
tack wrong wherever and IL, whether In high
places While We are willing TO do part and take
all the risks and responsibilities incident to the pubcs
ion Of such an organ. call upon every friend OF the
movement to aid rs BY efforts Increase crcula-
tlon.
A. G. CAMERON,
PROPRIETOR.
, 1870-05-13

At the discussion Oh the Law Reform
Bill, in the English Parliament, On April
20, ult, the leading lawyers in parlia-
ment, including the Lord Chancellor, who
reported the bill, and Lords Romilly,
Cairns, Nestbury, and Penzance concurred
IN advocating the most radical revolution
and abolition of the auiquated features OF
law practice and procedure. The bill pro-
poses to abolish ali distinction between
Law and equity proceedings and courts, ali
fctions md technical forms of pleading,
and to remodel the English practice upon
what has come to be regarded as the Ameri.
can system, though it has not yet super
seded the old practice IN soma of the Ameri-
can States. The names Law and Equity
are to be abolished, and the legal designa-
ton Of the courts Of record will be simply
cou1ts OF justice. It is even proposed that
all legal proceedings shall begin by one
writ. Whether the elaboration of the
details Of the new system is to be COM
mitted to a body of twenty-th1ee Judges,
selected from the highest courts, or to
committee of the Pny Council, IN
cluding the Lord Chancellor and
Chancellor Of the E1chequer, is
still under advisement- Lord Cairns speaks
Of the measure as one which will effect
thorough revolution in the organization and
practice of the civil and criminal courts,
and prefers such q revolution to measures
Of patchwork reform. The Lord Chancellor
expressed the belief that the desire was
general among the legal profession that the
bill should pass as soon as possible, and
deprecated any measures which would il.
7olTe it's postponement.
VIII the State Of Illinois continue to
hold to the English system, when the first
lawyers Of England, and the Judges of her
highest conrss, are engaged in abol-
isling it +?
, 1870-05-13

Scientific men are so imaginative in some
Of those excursions into the regions OF
fancy, which they denominate either facts
or inventions, that the last novel by Dumas
is often devoid Of romance, compared with
the latest deductions of the sarans. DR..
Orazio Lugo, who Is described Us 81 an ac-
compGshed chemist" of Baltimore, has
patented plan for putting out fires by the
use OF steam. His plan is, first, to intro
duee stean-pipes into all buildings nt their
erection, at M average expense of $500 for
building 25 feet wide, $50 feet long, and
five stories in height. Then, in case Of fire,
he uses the ordinary steam fire engine, e1-
cept that, instead of injecting the water, he
attaches the hose to tile pipes, and fills the
building with steam. The theory is,
that the steam ezpcls the mir; that,
without air, the fire cannot
bum, and, If it can't bum, it mnst go out
he computes that it will take eighteen
minutes to inject in the form of steam
fire barrels of water, TINT this will amount
to 45, 600 cubic feet of steam, and viii fill
the building. The difficulties of this theory
are thai, if tho building is not nir-hght, the
steam viii escape almost IS readily as the
air, and will condense SO as never to ELL the
building, while, If it were air-tight, the air
itself could not escape. The eighteen min
utes required to ELL the building is all the
time needed by such building to burn up.
In short, the whole theory is Just such an
one aa only q very eminent chemist, who
had never 1un with the mnchine, would IL
vent, and any ordinary fireman would per
ceive to be supremely ridiculous.
, 1870-05-13
Be-G8utago Griitbn1e.
FRIDAY, MAY 13, 1870.


We publish this morning the proposed
new Constitution Of Illinois, as adopted BY
the convention at Springfield. During the
next seven weeks this document will DOS.
sess the greatest possible interest to- the
people Of the State, and, as we shall
discuss It's features IN detail hereafter,
We shall not enter upon an. e1amin-
alton of them at this time. Upon the
whole, the new constitution is great
improvement upon tho. old The single
section prohibiting special Legislation is of
inca1culabls value, md ought to secure its
ratification, even though it contained no
other improvement upon the old.
But Here are nany others which
the reader will not fai1 to notice, in perus-
ing the document; and We make no doubt
that the new constitution viii be adopted
by IN overwhelming vote, together with
most of the articles submitted separately,
There is not single section OF paragraph
in the whole instrument of partisan M
ture. There il no reason why q RepubI-
can should be more in favor Of it than a
Democrat, Or Democrat than Repubi-
can. In this respect, the new constitution
appeals to each man as citizen and q tA1-
paycr-as member of = commonwealth
that will live long after existing political
parties ere forgotten. We can see no rca-
son, therefore, why it should not be cor
dially supported by men OF. Ill shades Of
political and religious belief
, 1870-05-13

!; The policy Of driving Legislation tbronob
congress under the lash and spur has re-
ceived deserved rebuke. A bin nossa, ~
the Senate authorizing the Northern pocf,c
Railroad Company to sell their bonds aud
mortgage their lands therefor. The Sen.
ate, on motion Of Mr.. Cameron, added i
c1nuse requiring tho company, in building
the road, to use American iron only. Or
the same day, the House of Represents
tires voted 10 increase the tax on steel rail.
from As to IS per cent. When the Rail
road bill reached the House, the "Ameri
can mil and the land monopoly factions
who had unitedly increased the tar on rails
refused to permit the bill to be discussed,
ana endea'ored to force its passage. This
provoked opposition, and, for several days,
by parliamentary tactics, the passage Of the
bill waa resisted, and, finally, 80 glazing
was the attempted outrage, that the House
refused to vote upon il, md sent it to the
committee. It is probable that the gentle
men who have been 30 long accustomed to
doing things just az they please, will event.
pally discover that their power is brokan,
, 1870-05-13
AN INVENTION IN ELoUR-MAK1NG

A mode of preparing wheat or other grain
Tor grinding into flour has been invented in
Basel, Switzerland, the object Of which i
to retain in the white or fine -four made
from the central body of the kernel, the
nutritSe properties which have heretofore
been lost by the separation of the bran,
and could only be obtained in the Graham
bread and bran, OF b1ack breads of various
kinds. The grain Of wheat divides, under
the microscope, into three chief hy;ers,
], tho epidermis, or hull, or bran proper,
which consists Of ligueous or woody fibre,
and Is entirely without nutriment; 9, the
gluten coating which lies between tho hull
and the starch and is the most nutritious
part OF the grain, containing fourteen
tunes as much phosphorus as the
remainder Of the grain, and be-
ing rich in nitrogen. This
portion which IL far superior in nutritye
qualities to the superfne aour, is detached
with the bran by the ordinary process, and
SO lost to the consumers of fine white flour.
Ihe bran alone is as free from nutrition as
go much basswood, aud, being rich IN silica,
ino of mill c+,,aa ~ ;; :'A. oluos
lie dcnosit of storch ,rh;s,, - - 49, c.an y
d;nor f;na ,.1,.,+ e. " A1411' '''0 W.
Tha n,nces. insantoz l..
Weiss. of switzor1.a5 -. =, s
Iran on1r v;tbo,,t 49, ,,,,..- ~ .eosne st. lue
bean received v;Ib f,~or ts, ~ .as
nails and nroctica, 1oan - r~'a s 19u-
well worthy a III, hara - a.e, ~ anu -
It has mt s1ra.a-1,oo. - "e <'S''
II oonsista i,,r,T % Tsa.,a;sts.;uu s.;s
before crind;no y ao1nt;nn 81 1e ss'.a." "nsas
soda IN u,,a- I'm narnaa ~ 49, 1:.s:a
nov cent ba;na -ean;-e5 tau o ooo e.e,o
If uain rha sn1nt;a- ~ .sa..ss w. ss. p..1 t
so11;no c2 nonnaa - ~ a..stEa - o aa." =, @ 1ne
- f17 -. eo"'Ise 1a oo>1a Ii LOO
, 1870-05-13
THE TARIFF BILL.


Ihe editor q the Washington Chronicle
closes letter to his own paper upon the
subject Of the Tariff bill before Congress,
and its numerous amendments, in the fol-
lowing appeal:
"1nere is q straight, honest way out Of the
PERI M ne prsea1 t IT. s7n t, s1d d., win cea1 u
1he tax on lea and codee, the decrease Of The list
en9ts en 'a1eo ana inc increase OF me LEX on
w s, t,a4 1,,,n f.,,.o ha- ,,,,,,,,a -
+ha Havoc - ~ ~ 1ar- - Ta-;T IN ns;5a ~
.~s,o - a.. - x Ce-e.saa..:,, III -
x,-.-11.N:.1. - - ~
W. 49, va" ~ 1e-..a - ~ pn"1a.a,.-.e.s. - M ..z,,
,is - - ~ ~ ~ ~ 80 ~,
w. w % ~ 1s;s - .:s e a..e Ino ~ -. s.poaa ~
s ---u <1a7, ~. poe't' D"t1 ~ ~
% 1':w 90 .DDN. ' e1ouu 10 p.S7'eo Ine
+a.;r o. :.s~ - ooSstsA A1a1 n, tu0 e1l'
49, I'm i9,ta.5 I - - es az LEV TS oa y sa.eo 90
on stee, hoye 1ren to- ~ ~ nss s.Aseu .aAeS
iecta5- ana in arrna ;n,tanaa. 80 ~ pa.4, 49,
tax has been reduced. n ;s '5~s,,assa ~ -
make coal and salt free Of tn, Han.. ~
, 1870-05-13
THE NEXT STATE APPoRTIoNmEEr

According to the provisions Of the Leg
islatiTe article Of the new constitution the
Senate, next uinter, viii consist Of fifty
members-two from each of the existing
Senatorial Districts Where Senator's
tenn expires, this fall, f,eo Senators are to
be elected, and in these districts where the
Senator holds over, one new Senator shall
be elected. It is made tho duty Of the
Legislature, next w1nter, to apportionthe
State into ffty-one single Senatoria, Dis
hicts of as nearly equal population as prac-
hcable for all Senatorial elections there
after.
Tho House of Representatives. Will be
chosen by counties, ufter the model Of the
Ohio system. It is provided that the whole
population Of the State, according to the
Federal census for 1870 (but if that cannot
be ascertained in time for the coming cleo
ton, then the State census Of 1865 should
be used for the first electionl, shall be
divided by the number 153, and the
quotient shall be the rntio Of representation
for the House One of the sections Of the
Legislative article provides that any county
having three dfths of the ratio shall be en-
titled to one Representative, and one addi-
tional Representative for each full ratio
over the said three-ffths. It is also pro-
vided that each county having an excess of
population over the number emitting it to
one or more regular Representatives, shall
be entitled to additional Repre-
sentatives in The following order: When |
the excess equals one-ffth OF a full |
milo, it IS entitled to an additional Repre-
sentative in the fifth term Of decennial |
period when it it equals two-ffths, to an
additional Representative in the fourth and |
ffth when it equals th1ee-6fths, to an
additional Representative IN the first, sec
ond, and third, and when it equals four
ffths, to an additional Representative in
the f1st, second, third, and fourth terms.
Taking the population Of 1865 as basis,
(and it viii not relatively differ much from |
the population Of 1870, except In Cook
County,, the following viii be the number
Of Representatives from each county to be
elected this fall And this will also bo the |
representation Of each county for the next /
six years- Under the census of 1870, Cook
County vii gain two OF three members,
and, perhaps, have delegation OF twenty !
members, or nearly one eighth Of the |
House. She viii also have at least six |
Senators:
Repressas-I Represent !
, 1870-05-13

The Queen of England did a clever and
characteristic thing at the opening Of the
new building OF the University Of London,
on. Wednesday. Instead of reading the
reply which VILE furnished to her, to the
, 1870-05-13
ARTICLE
FATEnAH1Et

ART1CIEL
BOUNDARIES.
, Inc boundaries and Jurisdiction Of tho State
shall be as follows, to-wit: beginning at the
mouth Of the Wabash River; thence up tho
same, and with the line Of Indians. to the
northwest corner OF said State; thence east.
with the lire Of the same State, to the middle
of Lake Michigan; thence north along TIC
Hlidde OF said lake, to north Latitude fcrtv-tyo
aegrces and thirty minutes; thence Teat to
.he middle Of the Mississippi Riyer, ,apd themes
Gown along the middle Of that river to it, con-
iiuence witt, the Ohio River, and thonce m the
latter river. along its northwestern shore, to
The place Of beginning: Propided, That this
Ono Liver, as che is now entitled to, or such
IS may hereafter be agreed upon by this State
and the State Of Kentucky.
ARTICLE Il
I'LL OF ntoHTs.
SECTION l. All men are by nature FREQ and
independent, and have certain inherent and
inalienablc rights these are life, Iber-
y ana re pursuit of happiness To secure
governments a1e instituted among men, tloriy.
ing their Just powers from tho consent Of the
Sec. 2 No person shall be deprived of life.
liberty, OF properly, without due process OF
Sec. 8. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without dis
elimination. shall forever be guaranteed and
no person ahall bo denied any civil or political
right privilege or capacity. on account Of bis.
religious opinions; but the liberty OF con-
science hereby secured shall not be construed
to dispense with oaths or atfiruations, oxcusc
acts Of licentlonsness, or justify practices in
consistent with the peace OF safety OF tie
State No person shall be required to attend
or support any ministry Or place Of worship
be given By law to any religious denomination
or mode OF worship.
SEC l. Every. person. may freely speak,
write, and publish on all subjects, being re-
sponsible for tho abuse of that liberty; and in
truth, when Published with good motives and
for justifable ends, shall DO sufficient de-
fence.
SEC. s. Tho right of trial by jury rs hero
tofore enjoyed, shall remain inviolate; but
the tria1 Of civil cases before Justices of the
Peace By jury OF less than twelve men, may
le authorized BY law.
SEC. 6. The right Of the people to bo secure
in their persons, houses, papers and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seizures,
shall not ke violated; nud no warrant shall |
Issue without probable cause, supported by
affidavit, particularly describing the place to
be searched, end the persons Or things to be |
seized.
SEC. Z. All persons shall be bailsble by suf- |
dcient surehes. except for capital offences, |
where the proof is evident or the presumption |
great and the privilege Of the writ Of ha1eas |
corpus shall not , bo suspended, u1lcsa when, in
cases Of rebellionor invasion, The public safety !
nay require it.
SEC. s. No person Hhall by held to answer
Tor criminal offence, unless On indictment OF |
grand jury, except in cases in which tho pun-
shment Isi il by fine, OF imprisonment otherwise
meat tnam IN d ne renientiary in cases of mpeaeh,
navy, or In the militia W1nn in nrtua1 aerr1ra in
, 1870-05-13
The NEW CONSTITUTION OF
ILLINOIS,
As Adopted in Convention.
PREAMBLE.

We. the people OF the State OF Illinois
grateful to Almighty God for the civil. polit-
!ca1;> and religious liberty which he hath 90
long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to
i1,an hlm 1oF blessing upon our endeavors to SCI
succeeding generations order to form a
more perfect government, establish Justice.
insure domestic tranquility, provide for the
common defence, promote tho general wei
fare, and Secure tho blessing OF Liberty to our
selves and our Postenty, do orlaiu and es-
Ioia. W N
, 1870-05-13

| SEC. ~. Ihe General Assembly may p1pviil
Tor the establishment Of q Prnbata Court il
1000, and for the election OF a Judge there
Of, whose tenn OF Office atau be the same a
thHt OF the County Judge, and who shall b
| elected at the same time and in the same man
! ner- Said courts, when established, sha11 hav
original Jurisdiction OF all probate mattars til,
settlement Of tho estates Of deceased persons
| the appointment Of guardians and conservator
! and settlements Of their accounts, IN ali mat
tiers relating to apprentices, and in cases Of til,
eale Of real estate Of deceased persons for th1
payment Of debts.
Justices Of The Peace and Cons!a6les.
Sec. q. Justices Of the Peace, Police Ma.is
/ trates, and ConstAbles shall be;elected in ani
for such districts as are or NAV be @ provided b,
Law, and the jurisdiction Of such Justices O
form.
STATES Attorneys:
SEC p, at the election for members. Of tht
uenelh !, Assembly in the year Of cur Lord one
eTery four years thereafter. there shall b
elected States Attorney in aud fnr eacf
county, q lieu of the States ATTORNEYS nov
,EIov11ed BY Law. and whose term OF ofdct
'shaA be four years.
Courts Of Cook County. ,....
Judicial circuit The Circuit Court Of Cook
Conn y aiall consist Of i've Judges, until tt,ei,
number shaN 10 increased, rs herein provided,
lha present Judge Of the Recorders Court, OF
the G'y Of Chicago, and the present Judge ol
'tae Circuit Cou1t OF Cook County shall be two
the terms for which they. were Respectively
elected, and until their Successors shall be
elected and qualified. The Superior Court of
lineage shal bo continued, and called the Su.
per1or Court OF Cook. County: -The General
Assembly Aay increase the number OF said
u e nd tr oT3H oF
, 1870-05-13

SECTION l. The Executive Department shall
consist of q Governor, Lieutenant Governor,
Treasurer, Superintendent Of Public Instruc-
tiop. and Attorney General. who shall, each,
With the exception OF the. Treasurer, hold his
office for the term of fonr, years from the Sec
and until lis successor is elected and qunlihed.
They ahall, except the Lieutenant Governor,
reside ut Tie seat Of government during their
term Of office, and keep the pghlis Ieeerds,
such duties as may be prescribed by law.
SEC. 2 The Treasurer shall hold bis o!iso
for the term Of two years, and until his sue
ceSsor is elected aud qualified, and shall be IN
clegible to said Office for two years ne1t after
the end Of the term for which he was elsctea.
He may be required by tho Governor to give
reasonable additional security, and IN default
o. 90 doing his ofieo ahan be deemad vacant.
Election.
SEC 3. An election for Governor, Liauten-
ant Governor, Secretary OF State, Auditor Of
, 1870-05-13

amendments 10 The E0Ts9lfNGh;N
SECTION L Whaasrer two t1irdsof' the mem
be1s Of each house o. TIE ttenefaA ASSEMBLY
thereof, concur that5a couTenf1oHi5 Hcessary
to 1ayiee, alter or amend tte cou.S itution. Tho
question shall be suhmittea:tn FL electors at
at the election vote for son5u5 ion. liz Gen.
eraI Assembly ahau ut ula ne:f aasa;n., ,,s..
vide fm convention, to escnuss5 OF doubIe Tho
nurnher Of members Of tho s. nata. 10 ha s,ect. &
sad cd T. n III fss sao q.a d9as at places
semhly ahall, in the nt ctl5 nc tha conrani,on
Designate The dsy, hcrr an plsee ~ its n,ant.
ing, d1 ths Pay Of Hs m ,mbars and 20 offee,s Ser
,nd provide fpr tie pzyE .ent OF ths ssms. to,
er 10 enn4. 49, ras e1eens9 necessarily incurred
ntiss Before pzoces ding he membe. " sb.1i ~
saka N GATH to s1ppu It the Constitution Of The
tinted States, I'd t g State Of Tlinois and IN
..aaithiuiy discharge their duties as membars Of
sioH so n' ~ ~ @ LIE qualification OF members
Senate, and T14cau cies oerrT-;.1 hi ha f;t1ati
~ r. I9e manner pr 'sided TOR hlling vacancies in
eAe aeaGt at1 Asss .mb1y. Said convention shall
!nees Nitnln th1 80 months after such election.
menta & rae q q tte15s;on atesatien amend
necessary, Which shall be submitted to ths
eiec!ofs t'rt heir ratic4tiun OF rejection, at m
siecuou @ APP ointed by the convention for That
puIose, not less than two nor mora than six
-,,,1aaa -,Js after the adjournment thereof; end
nnieaa =. 30 submitted and approved BY maiort-
y Gt ne electors voting At the election. no
s.sa leTinon, alterations, amendments, shall
FEC. 2 Amentments to this constitution
A4ay 30 proposed in either house Of the Gen,
fA Assembly, and il the s.u'e shaA 90 Eoted
1or, by No-thirds Of all tho meuoets electo4
to each Of the two houses. such proposed
amendments, together Nth the yess I'D J.; na27 4.9
on their respective 1paIna1s, and said amend.
ents shall b Submitted TO The sleetos1 q t6 Ge
NEXT eIect;on of members Of the General AS
saS Is sss "a
,3tr"t ~ ~ XII at Ieast thtee mnEtha pre-
esd@s ha slseilen s3d sto5 sta ,o2, 2, tae be
tha n.onoseI anendElents they shall become
nart n9 p.Jphi 81 lis eonstituion- But The General
Assembly shaIl have no power to propose
constitution Ut the saune aession, uor to tha
saGe srticlo oftener than onee IN four years,
[cq'siassed on tesgxh Pa9e