New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-01-28

been the fundamental principle oil CnlDese po-
ltical science Continued disregard OF thls
has invariably led to revolution and the popu-
lar overthrow of the aggressive dynasty.
The people are completely represented in the
Chinese Government. For, though the prlhci-
pal offices are filed by the Emperor's appoint
mcnt the appontees are the successful candi-
dates at the popular competitive examinations
The principles on which the whole social and
political fabric of the Chinese empire Is
founded are paternal duty filial duty, and in
divdual responsibility for the public welfare.
There are no distinctions of classes IN emma
excepting the few privileges conceded TO the
descendants of the Philosopher Con1uclus
Whenever n citizen renders the State signal
service, he is ennobled, receiving certain titles
and privileges, which, however, cease at his
death. His descendants have no interest III
them. Theirs is the honor of being his OIL
spring The Chinese are the only people on
earth that have been smart enough to create
an aristocracy that runs backward to the dead
and not forward to the living.
All being equal in China, competition for
Office is open to all. Education in China being
universal, proficiency in scholarship Is the basis
of this competition.
These competitive examinations for public
appointment arc an institution over a thousand
years old. Through them persons from the
humblest conditions of life may surely rise TO
the highest places of honor and influence in
the empire.
Only four classes OF persons, and their pos
terity for three generations, are excluded from
these examinations; the children of prosti-
tutcs, executioners, play actors, and the infe-
rior servants of mandarins and iailers. 1t is
thought in China that the immediate descend
ants of these four classes would lack the moral
qualifications of good rulers.
Chinese laborers do MT strike do MT get
drunk, do MT attend political meetings, don't
march in professions, do MT soger," never
stop work to talk or tell stories. They obey
orders unquestioningly, keep quiet, and labor
steadily. They would not take an eight-hour
law if it were given to them.
In the school rooms, shops, and private resi-
dcnces of China, and frequently by the road
side, baskets or boxes are cOnspicuOusly placed
bearing the inscription, Respect printed paper"
In these are gathered all scraps and frag-
ments printed and written. Persons are hired
10 20 ABOUT anu tOllcCJ lHtlI. 10 tilt 'AII'o-
sion Of the national veneraton for writing as
the basis of learning. The people will rescue
the written and printed letters of their Ian
guage from the diShOnOr of being trampled on,
or put to base domestic uses They give them
the honor of incineraton, and then give the
ashes to the rivers.
Raphael Pumpelly states an immense fact
when he says that in travelling 5000 miles IN
China (Which contains 40O,0OO,OOO people,, he
did not see one Chinaman drunk
The Chinese are the most industrious people
on earth One-third of the human race III
numbers it is well ascertained that they per-
manual labor of the world.
Free day-schoos exist all over China, com
monty instituted and supported by the bene-
factions of rich families OF individuals.
In not temple in China can a nude figure
or nude picture of a divinity be found except
the infant held in the arms of the Goddess OF
Mercy.
China alone, of all countries, has society
for the suppression of immoral books and pic
lures The Government gives it sanction and
civil support. BY law, this society can compel
the makers, vendors, and poSsessors, of immoral
works to bring them to its headquarters, to-
eether with the stereotype blocks from which
they have been printed, and there receive a
partial equivalent for them in money, and then
see the denominations publicly committed to
the flames.
Schools are universal in China, and the pro-
portion of people there who can read, write,
and cipher, is greater than in any other country
in the world.
The benevolent societies, now thousands of
years old among the Chinese, put to shame
the social or civil benefactiOns of any country
included within ChrStendom. Every city, and
nearly every village, has orphan asylums,
which, in advance of ours. receive and care
for the children of poor parents yet living,
who are unable to support their offspring.
The gratuitOus distribution of medicines by
associations is common throughout China
Asylums for Old Men exist, in which, in addi-
ton to immense dining rooms, kitchens, and
dOrmitOres, are convenient shops for the prose-
cuton of various handicraft labor, to the occu-
patton, amusement, or profit of the veterans.
Societies for affording pecuniary aid to widows
are active all over China. They are founded
on the national sentiment of the dsrepu-
tableness of second marriages by women.
Burial Societies Fare n sort of joint
stock speculation in England, or at best
an outcome of Cooperation. One of the most
popular of the Chinese benevolent institutions
is that which creates fund to provide collins
for the poor, to carry collins left for any reason
by the way to suitable places of interment,
and to collect and re-bury human remains ex-
posed by the weather or by violence. Chari-
table associations provide tea for travellers on
the highways, and pay the expenses of poor
scholars going to stand their examinations.
Pnhlic.snirifed neonle combine 10 keep the