The New York herald., 1870-06-04
RUSSIA AND THE EAST.
An Imperial Russian Oflccr i'm Special Ex.
position to the Hernla-NIuscOvite Policy
and Cabinet Diplomacy In ana from ~.
Pefersbur4.


ST. PETERSBURG, May 4, 1S7o
In accordance with the promise given in my last
letter proceed to-day to furnish an account OF the
conversation which had with General Rostslofr
Fadeyeh on the Eastern question, and on the condi-
ton OF the countries Immediately interested in this
question. General Fadeye1 Is widely known In
Europe for his writings on military ana political
subjects His "Opnlon ON the Eastern Question:
has produced sensation In this part OF the world
and has set more people thinking than any book
Published for long time. General Fadeyen, after
being educated in st. Petersburg was trained
IN that practical school which has given Russia
some OF her most eminent military men-the Cau-
casns whore he served for upwards Of fifteen years.
was adjatant OF Prince Bariatinsky, the late Vice
roy; and more recently occupied t,e same position
under the Grand Duke Michael brother Of the Em-
pefoy.
On paying visit to General FadeyefY found at his
hotel number OF distinguished generals and officers
who had come to pay him their respects. Among
the most prominent Of these were Generals Khruletf
ana Chernyayef, the former famous for his defence
OF the MaiakoT during the siege OF Sebastopol ana
the latter for his heroic exploits in Central ASIA and
especially for his capture OF Tashkent which lie ac
complishe1 with twelve hundred men. Since Tash-
kent Is city OF one hundred thousand Inhabitants,
and garrisoned by ten thousand Asiatic soldiers,
1t Is easy to understand that Chernyaye by Its cap
ture became hero Of the day, and was popularity
entitled the Russian Cortez.
HOSPITALITY.
General Fadeyef, remembering our old acquaint
ance on the Caucasus, was glad to see me, and, with
the usual Russian hospitality at once invited me to
dine. After dinner spoke Of affairs In The east OF
Europe ana naturally referred to the subject OF the
Generals book Our conversation which was sub.
stantally as follows afterwards reduced to writ
ing, and with the Generals permission present 1t
here:-
SPECIAL DIALOGUE.
CoRREsfoNDENT--IIaving recently been In Austria
found that your book the Ea stern question has
made profound impression. Judging by what you
have written you Go not look upon Austria as hay.
ing future?
GENERAL-To your question win answer as fol-
lows-The period of consciousness In history has
arrived. State must now be able to answer the
question why 1t exists and what idea or principle it
represents before the world. Every State must have
It's r0fsoa G'ene-its title deed existence. This
We find to be the case with all Powers which have
few OF the leading States mt the present time Prs-
sia represents the great German idea Of q united
taiherland; Italy the union and development OF the
Italian race under one government; France has long
since passed the period Of struggling for unity or
race and her real task Is at present !he attainment
Her future position among nations viii depend Ell
tlrey upon the degree OF success with which she
by the lae conflict in which the American people
feature, ana glorious In the best OF tho terl
since 1t Will atord TO every man the widest pOssi-
0s e o. ass Of s 1h Ve es % To-
speak hereafter. l viii merely say now that we
Russians are conscious o. iti greatness and
OF lis success we feel that we have on our side,
as was we'll said by tie Emperor Alexander l. the
elements of space ana time. Beginning our political
that have ever surrounded people, we have kept
ON, century alter century. toiing patiently, without
physical word about us. Nature, which for other
nations has been b0unte0uS mother was for us q
harsh and unk.ndly stepmotner everything that we
And II tits merit to full the commandment Of God,
by which man is to earn his bread by the sweat OF
| than any people now existing. Besides, the
difficulties OF our geographical position, which we
| defend ourselves against Oil corners. or oil great
| Powers now existing there Is only that has not
as she is the only one that has given us q sincere
expression OF good VIII and qualification at al.
my de" State terto na
| task to perform, winch Is IN accordance with the
a.pratons aad desires OF the great majority Of Its
| what shan we ind Austria Is collection
| Of States, each one OF which had an exis
tence anterior to the confederation afterwards
! known as the Austrian empire. The reasons for
| forming this empire were various, but the
| Time OF Mussuiman conquest OF standing shoulder
to shoulder against The common enemy OF Chrlsten-
dom. Not one OF the States Which entered into this
confederation surrendered any or It's rights; butt
| the contrary, tney Were aWaFs recognized and
| guaranteed by TIC. House OF Hapsbnrg. Tne time
or confederation for external defence having
gone by, tue government or Austria wishes
no longer to recognize the national right. of the DIFF.
ferent political units OF which this federalye
pireis composed, but is endeav0rng to denatiOnal-
| ize, for tie benefit of one fraclor-naincIy, the
German-tne great majority of the people VINO have
their own historical rights and their peculiarites of
race and language. Austria, from having been one
OF the main de enGerS OF Christianity, has become
the CHIEF ally OF Accommodation.
CoRREsPoNDENr-D0 you think, General, that this
good understanding between Austria and Turkey Is
sincere ard likely to last long?
GENERAL-L look upon 1t as the most natural in
Europe. Both governments are in possession Of
their rule are mainly Slavonlons. 1t s the settled
historical policy Of both to Keep the Sayonc ele-
there career for q slayonlan unless he becomes
renegade to his race. When you remember that
European Turkey and Austria, II we take into con-
slderaton the great majority OF the peO-
pie, arc siavonian, but antl-slavonan if
we consider only the governments you
may obtain an idea OF the deep antagonism existing
in both countries between the dominant few and tile
disanccted multitude. The good feeling between
posethe subjecuon OF the Slayonic race. The sue
cess Of this race, outside the Russian empire de.
pends Oh Its breaking down the impediments to its
development. These inipediments are Austria and
Turkey. The success OF Austrian ana Turkish pol
icy would be the ruin OF the Slavonians, and utce
"A
C0RHE5PoNDENr-H0w Is tt that the necessity for
the existence OF Austria has not been called que5
ton earlier? Or TO speak more plainly how is 1t
that the radical anagonsm between Austria and
the slayonic race has become question only In our
day9
GENERAL--Because it is only recently that Russia
has appeared as great Power in Europe. THIS
event has acted LII similar way on the Savonians
both Of Austria and Turkey 1t gave the former the
hope Of saving themselves from moral ana political
oppression, the latter OF saving themselves from
moral oppression and physical violence. In
| the Sla7onian was safe in life and pro-
perty, at least 80 long as he did not attempt TO
give any sign OF poll ical aspirations. In Turkey
neither his life, his property nor the honor OF his
| family was sale; he had no means OF guarding any
thing that he held DEAR The appearance OF great
prospects 0! the oppressed populations in the south
east OF Europe and gave new life to the countries
! from the 4Egean Sea TO SaXony.
| CoRREsPoNDENT--How Is 1t that the Savoaians
have lived so long in Eastern Europe without feeling
l<vht