New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-07-20

A GLANCE AT HER PRoGREsS-HER WORKING
CLASSES.

OF the opposon their structures past aud present Adj
minstrations, their ceaseess criticism Of the Min
stry, and their gloomy anticpatons Of Itays future
real progress during the past 10 years not 10 be
disputed Figures prove il. To begin with education
In 1852 the Kingdom OF Italy contained schools and
$4,000 pupils; in 1862 there 1900 schools and
100000 pupils In the City OF Florence aone-and sho
Is still far behind both Turin and Mian-the schools,
which in 1Sls under the Grand Duke, did not include a
single for women have increased in 10 years from
! 4 to 90 and give instructions to 500 pupils.
Italian commerce amounted In 1862 To little more
than 100000 francs about hreeffths Of which CON
sisted of Imports in 1858 this total had increased nearly
100000 than twohirds Of which consisted OF eN-
| ports This gain was made in spite OF war, and
the financial crisis consequent In 1900 the merchant
numbered 1000 ships-666ooO tuns, and the ship
yards produced about two hundred ships, valued az
100000 francs In 1868, the number Of merchantmen
had increased nearly 1SOs2 500 tuns and the yards
turned ships valued at 100000 francs Conse-
auently Italy, years ago. in her number OF merchant
men the fourth maritime power, ranks to-day second
only England while In tunnage she stands third next
to England France Italy had in 1859 only LOCO Kill
ometes Of railroad; last year the amount had nearly
ouadruped without including the lines not yet finished
Moreover she is tunnelng Mont Gems, opening tunnels
| through the mountains OF LguTia, and through the
Apprentices digging harbors in the southern provinces,
| and has built the arsenal at spezia.
postal service, which, eight cost 100000
francs and yielded only 125O0OOO, showed in 1868 gain
of 100000 francs in receipts and decrease OF $4,000
francs expenses This notwithstanding the increase Of
officers and officials, and the appointment during that
time Of than 1900 pOstmen for service in thu
country districts. These figures significant.
too than might at first appear for they indicate growth
in general intelligence, well in business. The
may be said of the telegraph system which in 1868 had
| more than quadruped its receipts Of 1900
But still stronger proof Of the progress of the country
is found in the direct taxes which may well be
sidered the meter Of national activity In 1861 the
duty salt yielded 17i 10000 francs, and cost 100000
in collection in 1863 the receipts from the
30 100000 and the expenses Of collection 100000
True take into the account here the annexation
Of Veneta and the ncrea in 1865 OF the salt duty but
on the other hand since the establishment Forced
1866, customhouse and maritime duties have suf
the dimnuton in the amount fimportatons.
Who after noting these facts can question the progress
of Ialyi Why may she not be proud Of such achieve
mens when with them she had also both unity and
| independence.
To come to the other side what has the country's
present Constitution It'll II, years ago. when ths
first impulse given TO the national movement had
been said that francs would to Italy
her national integrity, the people would have deemed
that amount little enough to pay and yet to-day Italy
has debt of only francs and with she has
bought her liberty. In 1862 before Parliament voted
| Italian unity, Italy had already, IL we add
the partial debts Of the States into which
she was divided, public debt Of 2,2A,s7OOOo
| francs The different budgets presented together
deficit Of francs that at least OF her
present six billions the heritage left her by the old
governments. Let us see now, how much it has cost
during the last ten years reune the
bers Of the nation. The campaign Of lSoO61 cost in
round numbers 46,7COOOO francs The campaign OF
cost $4,000 900 francs and the preparations for this
pagn since 1862 such Notifications and military
sructions Of various kinds consumed francs
more. Then Austria has been paid compensation OF
94OOOOO francs The armament Of the National Guard
has cost 0OOO the Arsenal Of speza S95Ooo Tie
| hill.
equipments, repairs &C., cost, from 1861 to 1868, 1E,
$4,000 francs bgandage at the close OF 1868 had caused
an expense Of francs The attempt Larncs
and Aspromone cost 100000 francs and that at Men
tana 1s,l25,OoO francs; add to these purely
military expenses certain other devoted to
ends partially political, such than l5OCoo0
francs paid TO Roman and Venetian emgrants 100000
for the transfer Of capital and nearly 10000 Ddem-
mites for losses having in part political These
different added 10 those aforementioned give total
expense of considerably 1OOOOOOoo francs, which,
Joined to the preexsting debts, constitute OF
$500 900 francs. In this have not included
sums paid by the State in pensions and in remuneratng
the hosts of employees who necessarily thrown out
Of work by the consolidation Of Governments into
Then, public works alone from 1862 to 1870 the
Government has expended 745OOOO0O francs including
nearly 4OoOooOOO francs of guarantees TO the different
Italian Railroad Companies. All these outlays which,
though Of course eventually productive none the less
necessitate an Immediate drain the national treasury
added 10 the total aforementioned, will amount about
45O000O0 francs. Thus have already almost reached
the $4,000 900 that constitute the state debt.
But, so far we have been considering only the ex-
penses OF reconstruction and repair What have
cost TO tear downf Who calculate the effects Of a
radical revolution that changed In short time the in
ternal organization OF nationl How can We estimate
for instance, the losses OF three campaigns which re-
moved abebodied men by hundreds Of thousands from
the national industresi Naturally, the new Kingdom
finding itself thus pecunarly embarrassed the start
had recourse To various loans which after another
have weighed upon the Treasury and increased its pre-
vous deficit No doubt the different admin STATIONS
have made Mistakes and here there money has been
squandered, but such mistakes only the nseparabe
conditions OF new nations growth to maturty-es-
pcay OF one with the peculiar prccedcnts OF Italy and
We DeeNe they VIII prove eventually the service
able experiences she could have had.
The Committee on Institutions OF Economy and Work
appointed In the Department OF Agriculture and Com,
merce, at late meeting considered aud adopted prono
sition To the Following effect That a complement OF
lhe INDUSTRIAL ana agricultural inquiry
he also instituted Into the condition Of the laboring
classes; that this inquiry De preceded by Statistics n
wages, real as wen as nominal both trade and acr
culture mat these statistics include the Varous cases
outside OF wages properly called where abor ia asso
clated directly with the losses Of cantal that
these statistics In each locality in Industrial or ar
cultural trades shall states how many hours the work
iaSisl "hal are the regulations, Instruments To-
reference to the health and education OF the worfen
aso Mhht are the particular conditions of work for
MVsh ana ShlIdrent What OF the material moral and
intellectual life OF the workman ood clothing lodging
tue family the school, &c) What Institutions tend 10
we NellOehR physical aud mental OF workmen and to
enoh c'uunhtal progress In and outside OF the work
ann Mnethet te Mutual Association. the work OF tho
VI the intervention Of public priyaiA e-a@a