The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-09-07
THE SEPTEMBER MAGAZINES.
GOLD AND NEW"

'Old and Now; 'BryantS Ulad, j. u.
Thayer "Childess, Mrs. Sarah w. Hatch;
John Whopper the Newsboy," (Chap. III;
"Our Oldest Fortress" 1.-The Seed," r. S.
p. Paraguay" Porter G. Bliss; ''She
Writes, (Chaps TX, Ky Elise Polko; 'Lake
George, r. r. Bowker; "The Quakers in
New England, r. p Hallowell; ''Pink and
White Tyranny" (Chaps. III and Iv), Mrs
II. b. Stowe; "'The Shop Girl" S. r.
Crocker; "The Church of Latter Day Saints, 4"
Part y, William T. Brigham; ''The National
Church, ''Six Months on Five Cents, Ralph
Keeler; "Adirondacks in August, A. d.
Mayo; "Ecumenical Council" l. b. Tori
celli ''The Examiner ''Record of Pro-
gress."
From the paper on the ''Causes and Conse-
quences of the Paraguayan War;" by Porter
G. Bliss, we take the following brief but COM
prehensive statement of the antecedents of
the parties TO the late contest
At the beginning of the year 1910,
the territories now comprised in the
Argentine Republic Uruguay, Para
quay and Bolivia-formed the viceroyalty of
La Plata, belonging to Spain, and admins
tered bya colonial government, having it's
seat at Buenos Ayres. Brazil was, in like
q
viceroy at Rio Janeiro. Between these re-
spective colonies, there had been immemorial
struggles as to boundaries, dating back to a
Papal bull, by which Pope Alexander VI, in
the year following the discovery of America,
assumed to divide the New World between
the crowns of Spain and Portugal. After
being the cause of numerous indecisive wars
and equally indecisive treaties, the great
question of limits was inherited by the en-
&C 1
dent of Portugal, in 1922, and still subsists
unsolved between that empire and nearly all
of its eight republican neighbors.
The little territory which now forms
the republic of Uruguay, otherwise
known as the Banda Oriental, or eastern
shore of the river Uruguay, has always been
the chief bone of contention. Originally
settled by the Portuguese, and claimed by
them as within their earliest limits, as fixed
by the Pope, it changed hands four times
during the last century, and was finally as
signed to Spain by the treaty of 1777, the
latest which was made between the rival
powers and which is still considered as au-
thoritative by all the Spanish American re-
publics. The northern portion of the territory
was, however, seized by Portugal during the
short war of 1901, and now forms part of the
southernmost Brazilian province, that of Rio
GTdRde do ,Sut.
10
quence of the Napoleonic wars in Spain, the
revolt of the Spanish colonies in America,
followed by series Of efforts on the part of
Spain to recover her lost territories, which
did not terminate until the victories of
Junin and Ayacuch were won by Bolivar, in
1924.
The viceroyalty of La Plata, in the mean
time, had become disintegrated into four in
dependent States. Paraguay was the first to
IND 4ha of 4ho aloto 4
Dr. Francia, she separated from her sister
provinces, and, protected by her inaccessible
position, was never invaded by Spanish
troops Bolivia--then called Upper PERU
was reconquered by Spain in 1917, and re-
manned IN subiection until liberated, in 1926,
by the Venezuelan general, who, in addition
TO her independence, bestowed upon her a
constitution and her present name. The
Eastern Shore of the Uruguay Banda
OrientaD remained e portion of the
Argentine Confederation until 1917,
when it was seized by the Portu-
guese, and annexed to Brazil. In
1922 it became the ''Cis-Platine Province
of the new Brazilian empire. In 1926 it re-
volted from Brazil with the design of re-
entering the Argentine Confederation, which
aided in the struggle by waging victorious
war upon the empire. The Intervention of
European powers, however, terminated the
to both belligerents, by erecting the disputed
territory into a republic, whose independence
was unwillingly guaranteed by them.
Since that date, the little republic of Uru-
quay has been the perpetual field of intrigues,
promoted by her powerful neighbors, which
covet territory which each considers right
fully its own. 1t has been a continual prey
to the dissensions of the two parties which
have alternately held sway, and which have
been alternately fomented by Brazil and the
Argentine Republic. These parties, called
Blancos and Colorados-the Whites and the
Reds-have never represented any
tangible difference of policy, and have
been merely the personal feuds of the
leading families. At first, both parties were
equally hostile to Brazil. The Argentine
Dictator Resas early became the ally of the
Blancos, and with their aid waged nine
years war-from 1912 to 1S51-against the
Colorado Government, which held possession
of Montevideo. In 1851, the celebrated
Urquiza, the principal general of Resas, re-
volted against his master, effected compro-
mise between the factions, and marched
against Rosas with forces augmented by the
Uruguayans of both parties and by strong
Brazilian detachment.
Rosas was overthrown at the battle OF
Monte Caseros in February, 1852, and fed TO
England, where he has since lived in quiet exile
at Southampton. The Argentine Confedera-
tion was reconstructed by Urquiza, who re-
NAMED President until 1859, when DR.. San.
tiago Derqul was elected in his place. IL
1861 General Bartolome Mitre, Governor OF
Buenos Ayres, headed revolt against Derqui
and defeated the Argentine national forces
commanded by Urquiza, at the decisive bat
tie of Pavon, September II. 1t was more
than suspected that the result of the contest
was brought about by collusion between the