New-York tribune., 1870-10-31

For boilers gradually but slowly coming into use
The first cost for steel boiler s from s0 70 , or
those made OF steel plato fully warrant the expenditure
in the Judgment OF many railroad % See Sheet whether OF
steel or iron Il carefully tested and the sgbtest nw or
mperfection In the metal Is at once deteed @ W
duty ~ tried and not found wanting tne gre.I Vs.,
ea ssrs re 6an c % S s hs wrs
20 be pressed and beaten into the proper curve te
the may perforae the edges with holes OF exact
size, form. and equdistant; then with hammer apd
rve powerful crane takes the skeleton mp and delivers
it to he steam rivetng machine where every rve1 Is
cenched under three strokes OF 6Oo pounds each The
precision and power with which this machue does It's
work is marvel OF mechanical skill.
now meets the shell Of the boiler" and the two
joined firmly together by screw staybot. the waist or
cylindrical part il then attached and the boiler Is com
pete IL Is placed upon wheei-trucks and sent over
track TO the erecting shop.
boiler shop by distribution OF force the work
in the foundery have drawn the liquid metal nom
their roaring furnaces have cast IL into forms for
cylinders driving wheel centers, chests valves DC.
These received in the Wllow.st machine shop, have
been bored paDed heads turned ana ground 10 hpefect
M and complete cylinders and sean-chesls are sent
TO the erecting shop The drivers are sem nom s ln6
under heavy steam hammer, are Delivered 10 the sane
place The tires for many OF these drivers are made AZ
'The WIN. Butcher Steel Works" at Ncetown, and are
pronounced by cOmpetent Judges equal to the best i'm.
ported thousand have been In use some In hard
ih! fact to the credit Of american steel manufacture
The crankpns received In the rough from the Bald
win * Iiycszey steel Works, Frankiord In the ma
chine shop the tires bored and hnk on the eeners
Of the drivers the sSes and pins are turned the res
crank pns are forced into the wheels by hydraulic pres
of from 20 to 80 tns and the drivers compete are
the process and are sent TO the erecting shop
Under the ponderous strokes OF the sLeainssr % % Oh
a tuns power great iron frames are forged 9 anu pc
estas are welded to them under the same weight these
frames roughly dressed up ~ hana III h ,e harn sn
they are paned, slotted, drilled, and completed IN
which all the parts OF the locomotive are bound IL 700
Is sent to the Greeting shop Meantime the
stacks, cabs and tenders have been iiae IN tnc e ne
speciye departments, and are ready Tor tue enSin'
proper Ar. a,, ,,o,,o, denart-
ceptacc where all parts received and whence ssap
com pete locomotives destined for all parts OF INC an
ncnt. Here in an area 6o feet long Dy l4o and
Arched roof, Betted with stcaluplpc' nd.h enart-
meht Of the establishment are brought together nd
eTs cylndcrs, frames, guides, IN
what :" the npractced eye. inextrcaDle r
sion Upon closer inspection u ~ io 1ter and number of
the engine of which IL is to form part we nnu ] ~
twenty or more boilers mounted on ter u Tnecbagics
men at work managed by as many nastsr 49,,
nder the direction of foreman OF the SHOP te ""
% .no nerysion OF the superintendent OF consru9-
ue @ % tbes boiIers the parts brought and attached;
aud what is most marvellous, mere are iol7 hauc IA oo
naTt of the works be Inserted into hoios niado IN
pthnr. bars screws pins. yOkes. DC, ht to such
exactness that the thnnest MIN OF OIL Is al op5ruG -
zion The wouder is how such absolute precision Is
nossjbe i'm an establishment employing nearly TWO thou-
sand men, distributed throughout different shops CPoh
expressng surprise at this circumstance Ws taheh 10
the denartpent OF STANDARD measurements" There
saw ranges made OF hardened steel for the measurement
of every fraction OF ncb gauges for turning bOts Tor
boring holes for cutting threads or scews or piahnS
surfaces; gauges for reamers Tor erossheas ior d
and outside measurement required III lhe "oihs I.dcn
department is supplied with compete heI vi tes 80
gauges and calipegs required for she measurement oi
parts made therein and these are carefully iIspeco
compared with the standard once WEEK s Dy tno
superintendent OF this department. lherc ID tus @ o eA
cse any workman who makes MS DOit par Or sClen
too long too short, too thck or roo th anu suSn
biuudsrs exceedingly rare. Inns 5 tne oIuo 20 .io
marvellous eXactuess all the work II an engineer ia
Oregoa should telegraph to the BALDWIN LocomotNe
Works that the pisOnOd OF crosshead 0 no,
800 is broken duplicate, certain to Ill WITH absolute
exactnsss could be forwarded at once"
The system of standard gauges, together with the
plan of doing all work drawings patterns, explains
why an establishment OF its size can not only bud 50
many gnes in year, but can turn OUT achlnes IA
which the parts are so accurately finished and absolutely
interchangeable. complete system ana thoouBh sun
division of the work reveal the secret Ihe same gang
of men under the same works from one years
end 10 another on the same work as ntuhS up Ious.
boring out and finishing cylinders, fitting the valves, or
putting the engine together when all the parts are COM
pieted Each man having only ATTY TO attend 70,
becomes thoroughly expert at us details ana can 40
his work better and faster for this very reason IA ac
the very aa 0I IN nS ali MSrd he e By making
complete system aud thorough m o.
shop OF the gangs has carried the erection OF the
engine under lis charge to that point where rla made
process Each undergoes inspection, first under water
pressure detect leaks and after tnat under steam
win Works is committed to an expert VINO, by many
years experience acquired such perfect knowledge in
his specIalty make IL, humanity speaking, lmpos
sibe imperfectOn OF CONSTRUCTION should escape
his detection Strength and tighness thus secured
in all the boilers. The parts are finally connected,
strong pu Of Is sent through the pipes, valves
cylinders. aud escapes aS To blow out any iron hngs
chips other loose matter the cylinder heads then
boiled to the cylinders. The men lay hold of the
drivers and turn two revolutions forwards and
backwards asccrainiwhether any obstructiOns exist
Finally conveyed through pipes beneath the roof
the valves opened and the drivers reVolve
a first slowly then at fair service speed" The inspec-
tor again present. lie lays his finger on the piston rod
connecting arms, drivers and cylinder heads, and feel
ing the pulse OF the machine detects the slightest
lar irrearty III motion, and orders its cor
rectiOn with infinitely more eAactness than the most
sku practitioner discovers and cures the disorders OF
his human patient The locomotive is then pronounced
the trcstewOrk is removed, and the engine is lowered
y means of powerful Jacks" to the track the turn
table whence t is the siding of the Reading
Railroad be shipped to tho place designated by the
purchaser
seventy one complete locomotives have been sent from
this shop follows In October 1862 ga in November
%; ia DECEMBER ~; in January, 1870 n; III February
a in March, 2i in April, III in May, -; in June, %;
in July, % in August "a In september. "a This Is
certainly decided progress from the five engines turned
out by Mr.. BALDWIN iD 1885, But the progress which has
made in the methods Of construction, resulting IN
increased efficiency strength speed economy IN fuel and
in repairs less wonderful The archives OF the estab
Ishnent containing they do communications covering
a period thirty five and in the handwriting OF