The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1870-11-18

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nov, oonmunicsssd 70 LEAD Granville BY Brun-
nov on the 9th Of Nevsnbr,
,PALAcz or rxAxxoE emo. Oct. o, 1870. Bar
on The suocuDtve sltsrstions which the CON-
promises considered 70 be the foundation Of the
equilibrium Of Europe have In these last years
undergone, have obliged the Imperial cabinet
10 examine their influence upon the political
position Of Russia therefrom resulting. Among
thcse compromises that which interests rs most
directly d the treaty Of the 18th and Both Of
March-the special convsntiou between the two
powers bordering on the Black So Annexed
TO the treaty Ii . certain engagement on the
part Of Russia to limit her naval forces to con
siderable dimensions. In return this treaty Of
fsrvd her the principle Of ncutrsliration In that
great "a. -,
In view Of the cosignatory powers this prin-
ciple was TO remove all possibility OF conflict,
whether between powers bordering on the Black
Sea or between them and MARITIME powers Il
Was to increase the number Of territories called
by unanimous consent Of Europe to enjoy tho
benefits Of the neutrality, and % to protect Rus
sia herself from oil danger Of Aggression. The
experience Of 6itscu years has proved that tins
principal upon which depends the security Of
Inc wh,le extent Of the frontiers Of the Russian
Empire In this direction, rests only on theory.
In fAct, while Russia d disarmed In the B.i.
tic Sea, and even by the declaration recorded In
the protocols Of the conference Loyalty denied to
herself the possibility Of taking efficient meas.
urcs Of maritime defence In adjacent seas and
ports, Turkey preserved the night OF keeping up
untimed naval forces In the Archepelago and
the Straits, and France and England preserved
the powers from concentrating their squadrons
In the Mediterranean. Moreover, BY the terms
Of the treaty, entrance into the Blsck Ben Is
formally and forever prohibited to the hags,
whether Of the European powers or any other
power; but by virtue Of the convention, called
the Straits convention, the passage through these
Straits Is closed to the Aags Of war only In time
Of peace.
Il results from this contradiction that the
coasts Of the Russian Empire remain exposed
10 oil aggression even on the part Of less pow
erfull States a. soon Is they possess .
naval force, to which Russia would be able
to oppose only . few vessels Of small dimen-
The treaty Of the 18th and 3oth Of March,
1856, moreover has not escaped the infractions
to which most Of the European compromises have
been subjected, and In the presence Of which It
would be difficult to affirm that the written law,
founded upon respect for treaties a base OF
public law, and rule for the relations between
States, has preserved the Same moral sanction
Il may have had In other times. We have eeen
the principalties Of Maldayia and Wsllachia.
the fate Of which had been 6xed by the treaty Of
peace, and by the subsequent protocols under
the guaranty Of the great powers, effect series
OF revolutions which were % contrary TO the
spirit as to the letter Of these compromises, and
which led them to the sovereignty ola foreign
Prince. These events occurred with the consent
of the Porte and the acqniesence Of the great
powers, or st least without those the latter hav-
ing thought Il necessary to mako their DEGREES
respected, the representative Of Russia was the
only one to raise his voice to point out 70 the
cabinets that by this liberation they would put
themselves In contradiction with the explicit
stipulations Of the treaty beyond doubt.
II these concessions granted to one OF the
christian natioualitics Of the East had resulted
from general understanding between the COM
batants and the Porte by virtue OF principle
applicable to the whole Of the christian popula-
ton Of Turkey the Imperial Cabinet would have
nothing to do but applaud, but they were eI-
elusive. The Imperial Cabinet could not then
but be struck with the fact that II had been pos
siblo to infringe with impunity the treaty OF
1856. But few years after Its conclusion In
one OF us essent,a, c.auSe .s ~ ss =, p.I. ami
representing as q whole the high collective au-
thority upon which rested the peace OF the east.
This infraction was not the only one. AT
s,..n,n ~ ,ha .trsi,ht. has hem oneued 10 for
onua 'n,. .o ." .sJ ,h.t ~ tho Rl.ck Sea n
e'gn sn'ps =, WIZ , Sna ,..ssrcs ~ yh;cb IA.
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Vioiauon Oh ue onsi.ou' r. "a...,"n ~ a.,
ascribed 10 tnese naes. ~ pop0.I. - - ~, =.
pledge ouerod py .ne ue"y 80 1870, Sa. n "
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y,.x, W., Ik Gor,.choko8,s note can,e,
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neus' va, 's si,;.nno h.,.ssn En,IanJ Austria
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The Crisis at Hd"dI, ls frep"''"sI"'
LONDON, Nov. 10, IsPeciM 70 hVen'ng ieie'
grant, The English Government wiz nc, WIN
frmness and safier no preacn Of in.eina.oh h'.
obligations y the a'a'I SS,n d,.us,.h.J Sr a..
Nuss :, s..,. - 20, Srom eysrv station or
npnt such l9 ARE ACTUALLY III IOIViBu