, 1870-05-24
-ThE-IARlFF.-
What Freedom In Trade Means.
How the People are Taxed

E0S EA1AAu5A411 EtcGNA VI EQG dNp
James Brooks, n C., Of New York, on th
tariff. we make few extracts wherein b
ahows the necessity OF freedom in trade to tn,
. prosperity Of people, and how the prosperit,
ct the American people is practically interfeyet
vith By an unjust and unwise tariff:
FREE 11ADH IS FKEEpoM
now hstens to the sound of nv voice ia ab
sf1actly for free trzde, il free trade could b
realized It is the nature Of man to desire thu
greatest freedom Of intercourse, not only with
Ais o6n countrEmen, but with all mankind
%n, who has giren man dominion oTcr fish
and FOWL, and Ill living creatures in the earth
instituted no geographical or political bounds
xles, and He doubtless intended Ill to CON-
mune together as brethren in tho fteest inter.
course and trade. He has giveu7s different
clines for different productions, and different
FACES Of men, all wonderfully fitted for tbcil
Tariod work OF production, and Ill created
probably to interchange that production
whether from the sea OF the sol, whethe,
from the plow, the loom, the forge, or the an,
vi; whether the work Of the muscle or the
and commanded us to love one another, and
not to destroy each other, neither by the sword
or the cannon, nor BY Whit is as fatal to hu-
man happiness, BY conflicting, damaging, OF
destructive tariffs that y1olzte al His COM
m4nds. While, and when, We have struck
~ $A4o 448Aal4Co VI %4AttE4 G4AF04! 44V41
4.QO, 600 Of men, and poured out our blood
Like uater therefor, we have been all that while
ae ingip1iously rivet1ng the chains Of nonopo-
y slavery upon 81, ,0o0, 900 Other men in the
tyr4nmical restraints ne hare imposed upon
their personal liberty in trade, commerce, and
worlds estimation br tho one great act, We
lose in the Ereatet crime Mans audacity
however, on the Tower Of Babel, inflicted upon
him confusion Of Languages md Of tongues,
and hence, divided men into States OF King.
do1ns, and with them, as punishments, have
come tariffs, or supposed necessities for tarifs,
to support conflicting governments. And in
the conflict OF these tariffs it has been .
struggle among nations to lay countervailing
duties. The one to damage tho other Or to out
and years. But nov, England aud
France, especially England, have rapidly re-
traced their fatal steps, while for nine long
hon liz per cent in 1861 to ~ per cent in
1865, and LAye become now the most tari1ed,
The most taxed, and in that respect the most
accursed nation upon earth. While God has
done everything in this vast republic Of Ours
to bless Ms, man seems to be doing his utmost
to counteract the Almighty win.
What Mr. Chairman, moro beautiful specta-
clc exists now than that of free trade in our
own country, from the 1ock-bound shores Of
Paesanaauaddy in the East to the Golden
11AC u ObCt A9Ok4Q1 u LuG NE5t< Hu6t III
illustration OF its benefits and its bounties
amung Il, ,0o0, 600 people in our grand republic!
What h1B been the crest value OF our Union
bnt its unity Of trade and commerce and its
absolute freedom from custom-house restraints
and imposihons2 But how much more beaut-
fn1 would he that spec.acle,:n On that long
line of imaginary bound1sT from Mir1mieM On
the east to the Straits Of Fuca on the West,
amongthat broad d-spread Eugl glish-spealingpe poo
pie, there we're but one law for c1stoma, one
T11o ~ Hy,31a froa$ 40 IN
orr Atlantic coast are many islands, British,
French, Spanish, Danish. and others. More
especially are there two valuable islands, Just
beyond the wsters Of Maine Nova Scotia and
Prince Edwards. Both Of them produce ar-
Hc1es which are desirable and necessary for
the food and comfort Of our country, more
especially for the poorer c]asses OF our people
fish, OF almost all kinds, in teeuin9 abun-
dance, potatoes, cheaper than tho duties We
impose upon them imported; oats, the best in
The world; and coal, practically nearer to New
England than from the mines Of Pennsyl4a-
MIA or Maryland We might have free trade
with boil, these islands, but it is forbidden
by our laws, and we compel the inlaab-
Iants there to turn their potatoes into pork,
when On the soa-coast We are suffering for the
supply, and this pork, thus made, goes to Eu-
rope, there to come into competition with the
pork OF our Western States These islands
need md demand cur lrea1stuffs, our cottons,
and other manufactures, our boots aud shoes,
and leatheE, but We take from them Little or
nothing wherewith to ply fer them, and so
turn the whole trade over to England.
NES ASD NATIONS CREATED TO cEEArE DIFFER
EXT THINGS.
God has 60 diversified climates and nations
that certain lands are favored By Providence
beyond all other lands for the production of
certain things But az a compensation for
losses or failures, God has stored away under
the earth or on the soil certain other advan-
tagea. such as mines, lumIer. OF, IN the
SEN fish in the greatest abundance. Thus.
while in New, England, New York, and
New Jersey &there is little or ne coal,
the. cheapest and best Of bituminous
coal abonnds in the mines Of Nova
Ecotla, and the waters both Of Nova Scotia
and Pr1ncn Edwards Island TEEN 7sith mack
erel a1eNives. Goldfish, herring, hake, and sal
mon. Now, II the numerous articles Of pro
dnction of those islands were introduced into
this country free, they would enable tho me-
chanics and laoorers Of New England to live
now do. The herring Of these waters are
largely in demand for the co1ored population
of tie South, but ort enormous duties forbid
their extensive use. Macke1el arc much in de-
1naud for the West, but few can afford to pny
the duties and by. Thrs man fights with
aging statutes OF his own, and thus the farmer
OF the South and West is shut OIL from the
Ealuable fsher1es Of the East
! And 80, too, just as nations have different
4 E1QQGE. IQGQ uAt6 Hl1lS JI 1LQua}Ut-1+l-
cles THERE'S the Chinanan. Who can compete
with him in his peculier work and peculiar
food, or who viii undertake to create as cheap
! the certain things that lie so well creates All
,of us are proud Of our S SAnslo-ssxon' s, TeH,
our power to do what othcrpeople can do; nay,
we boast. and often justly, that we can do
more. Connecticut, for example, makes the
sbest clocks in the world, Int the genius Of
Connecticut l,as not get been able to turn out
e beautiful case, even for the best Of clocks.
The sewing machine made there is the best In
the world but our tarih on iron and steel End
wood, BY the way, is exporting our workznen
to Germany and France No agricultural i'm
plenents on earth compare with ours. The
shovcls OF the Ameses of Massachusetts are
un1ive1led in the world, exported even to Ans,
train, though made Of heavy-ta1ed iron and
steel from Sweden md England
The Creator has given differing nations OF
men differing powers OF creation and produc-
ali. Men separated bnt BY q channel as
France from England, have different skill in
Are production Of the same material It Is in
evidence that the LiAhnan or Englishtnan can
attend tpo coarEe-inen looms in Ireland or
England, while in France, one FtenchInan can
lttend to but one. And get the French nation
s the most spirituel1e, perhaps the most capa-
de, and, in some respects, tho most lntelec-
nal nation on eariL- Now, til, British n1anu-
.1cturet of the coarser linens, In the ptoduc-
1Cl Oh WIlfQ OAC 1ALt514S11A4aA4 vi NAo A44GA-
nan can attend to 1ooma+ necessarily has the
dominion Of the market Of the world, Willie the
more spiTit,eue Trench manufacturer coutr,ls
hat market in the fine linens that he produces,
Inns showing utat even two contiguous nations
{ere designed and fitted by the Creator for
certain things, and flat in His wisdowu it vas
Intended there should be free intercourse be-
.ween His creatures
Under such an exhibition Of facts, cali the
attention Of the House to what has been the
. Fnkt. ~&%1n %1nfS HE
70 contrast It with the i11iberal policy OF our
country as to tempt members toward better
md wiser tariff legislation.
EECEssARIEs OF LIFE FREE = oTHER LANDS.
Salt is one of tbs essentials of human Life.
h EuElnnd salt is admitted free Of duty It
hee in Belgium, in Spain, in Portugal, and
throughout all the seventy millions of the Ger
ned ZollyeIein, for the purposes OF manure,
one Of the most valuable purposes 70 which
1alt can be put, and which would be used
freely IN this country, especially at the South,
Il indmitted duty free. Hence, I need not Say
how desirable it is for farmers to have free
ealt, md to nbolish the monopoly now existing
ir its production, in q beef, por1, and butter
country Gke ours
almost everywhere It IS free everywhere on
the continent Of Europe, except in Switzerland,
where there is duty Of 81 cents per ton in
France, 40 cents; III Spin. e5 cents; whiie
in or1 counhy.the duty on coal is sL2 in gold
per ton.
Hides arc raw material Of the greatest
importance for the der-standing or upper
standing Of all mankind They arc free ev-
erywhefe, throughout the whole continent Of
Europe, except in Switzerland They are free
IN FIance br treaty, though not under TIE
general tarid Tree in Russia, II Spain: II. IN
Portugal. And. whenever, elsewhere, duty
is Ieyi5d on hides, tits the lowest possible.duty,
1uore as matter Of record Of the ampunt I'M
ported tl,an for the purpose Of raising revenue
" adordins protection
Ir1al,er Is Tree everywhere On the continent