The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-11-29

connecting the capita! with Hesingfors and Tawas-
great strength but having batteries for heavy guns
Quilt since the Crlmean war. landing mere VIII DO
Is IS g. iSs Want S
earth for cheap batteries and OF money for dear ones
prevents sweaborg from being 20 ss
sS Ress ana On is bS SS2 s
from 81. TStersbnrg runs southwest through puma.
! burg to Warsaw, ana beyond the Polish capital
In Austria both tort iied towns. From the Baltic
| coast TO this most important line run already
Two trDusry ramn oae rG ga ta aHq
being carried 10 tue coast ~ Ltoau The coast town
OF Lindsu is 10 be hereafter connected Yith bo!h
| Petersburg runs southeast to Moscow and Mimi
Noygorod. From Moscow it runs nearly south
eonSed Pre- q sa avg sa asy Hf T
troops have 70 perform those terrible and slow
marches over the stcppes. 1.-THE Crmea were again
attacked Inc defenders could receive achievements
from st. Petersburg and MOSCOW, and avoid suffering
such tremendous leases as the army once sustained
burg alone. Already Is Dunaourg In conmu-
nSa,ion WIN ore Ton the Moscowssoas'o
with each other from the north, projected, and
one OF them partially completed me more easlery
me Nv: Is T r o sr0m sa rom i
| completed as FAR Brzcsc Itewskl Is to be con-
to where r as nG n 9 c now
| lines with Charkow, SeDastspol and kertch.
so, then when the system OF railways Is complete
there viii be TOUR lines all starting from the Peters
| burg-Mosc0w Railway and running nearly parallel
10 southerIy direction towards the Black Sea. BY
these great army might be concentrated In the
south aad supplied with necessaries afterwards.
For defence OF thu western frontier or for attack
upon Austria or Germany there VIII also be iour
lincsfrst, the line Petersburg Warsaw. then pro-
jected line from Moscow through Smolensk to
and Moscow is already in process Of construction.
The third line Is complete from Moscow TO KEEL and
Is being carried westward Then there Is the
shorter line from Cnark0w, on the MOSCOW Scbas-
topOl line, to Balta station on the most westerly
OF the north aud south lines Numerous cross rail-
but the most important lines have all been named
four from north TO south, four from east 10 west
me poiisn QMadriaterai VIII DC tns locus 70 whicn
All mea who would enter or leave Russia by rail-
way must pass through Warsaw.
Russian Fusion OF Different Races for War
Purposes.
The writer OF the compilation to which we have
just referred says
Of the Russian army, because, as rule, the policy
OF the CZarS has been to fuse Poles, Lithuonlan3
Great Russians, White Russians, Russines, &C., int
a common WHOLE so that at last there Is but one
army, with the same modern history and the same
aspirations. Nor can 1t be doubted that the policy
has been successful. The Russian soldier Is as
Russian as the eac Is Jeytsh II he thinks at all he
believes that there is great destiny before the en-
and peasants are OF different races, it is the peasant
who feels bound to his Emperor. Opposition Is
chiefly to be looked for from the landed aristscracy
and That other aristOcracy the traders Of the towns
who sigh for liberty and progress but who may also
be won over when the new railways are built to
facilitate lntercOmmunfcatiOn and exchange OF CON-
modlties throughout the empire.
IRREGULARS.
Russian military bower that must not be- entirely ~
0verlookedEthe irregular troops estimated by
Baron Won Kuhn at 2ss 22s men The military colo
Ter OF the land supported net was, the soldier. We
have just seen the frontier organization abolished
ganization required It The crown of Austria has
lost thereby large body OF troops, always loyal
acter q better soldiers for garrison work than the
field. 1t was characteristic OF the "Grentzer," as
ne was calico, that, among all the temptations Of
life In ON unwholssome garrison such as Mantua or
Komorn, he managed TO save money on his pay,
and either send 1t to his wife at home or keep 1t
and the result Is, as we have said, unsatisfactory,
even from military point Of view.
THE COSSACKS.
! On the other hand the Cossacks, thoroughly Rus
sian institution, are OF great military value. The
ns par Tsg r. partly
siderable number both cavalry and horse artillery.
In the camps They are handsomely dressed well
! Cossack uloes-enlgrants from other parts Of Rus
sa 50 long ago that netting certain Is known about
and retain their freedom on condition OF giving mill.
tary service when called upon. The Cossacks Of the
line Of the Caucasus supplied force of some 49, 900
or 10000 men to act against the Cfrcassians and
| many beauty who had hoped to adorn the harem
carried OF to be the mate of CossacK and produce
family Of sons hardy rs their fathers, bur with
their mothers oval face and soft eyes. The mingled
| race is now the handsomest in Russia.
While the Oessacks OF the Don furnish a large
number Of cavalry regiments every man is under
obligation to serve with arms and hors. II called
upon. Obvious reasons prevent the government
from demanding so extreme tax upon their war
like comm unlties but very large proportion Of
them las been more than once called forth. The
Cossack is essentially hcrsaman. He and his little
marches. He Is used to harass an enemy, to inter-
cep conveys, TO break up beaten battalions and all
airy. When acting as a vidctte he may be seen
standing erect on his saddle to survey the surround
Ing county nG and watch ate s agans an nsous foe
weuld starve. He is an excellent hand al plllage,
aud the sight Of a strong man mounted on a small
horse, galoping swiftly with tts nose low down so
as to pick its way without falling, soon becomes q
| terror to beaten army.
! A line OF Cossacks would hardly stand against
| Charge Of "heavies." but cavalry that can march
forty miles day, and for many days consecutyely,
these hardy warriors formed chain OF posts from
the Don to the Seine FOR the purpose OF carrying or
works OF art and other booty from Paris. With all
his FREEDOM the Cos5ack Is strictly Obedient to mill
tary orders. Indeed, this Is good feature OF Rus
sian troops generally They know nothing Of what
For them There Is but one nation, one Emperor, and
one religion Many stories are current to prove their
be done, whether it be the storming OF fortress,
the protection OF a post the persecution OF the
Catholics in Poland, or the examination Of lady's
private diary When the Russian army receives the
word, 1t will march readily against the Sclaves OF
Bohemia as against the Magyar and German, aud
carry the eagle with equal satisfaction TO Paris or to
CoIstanunople.
SERIOUS WANTS.
But the time CT Russian aggressive action has not
yet come though no one can tell hoac IL nlGy
be. II general war were to break out Immediately
In Europe the Russian armies would almost certainly
be defeated In every battle, unless led by some
great military genius. The necessity for modern
war-the breech loading rife-is only TO be found in
Three divisions OF the Guards are provided with
breech-lOading arms but as far as we can learn
from the most credible sources, all the rest OF the
army retains the old muzze loader up to the pre-
sent time. Every now and then there is a flourish
cftunaDets IN he press Of 81. Petersou'N asserting
tcav IRON. america Bi1n.fnghdna, or achere you
Ciu; bit somehow UieV neDe9 dfrfue and
1t is perfectly certain that the new arm was not
even certainly selected few weeks ago, il 1t Is