New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-03-05


Schools
SCHOOLS NAVIGATION.
There are several classes Of special vi 'ec"nio'i
in Europe that are not adapted to the character OF our
,-,i ,rdrs,,ics or 10 the genus of our people and
GRO torefore NOT traDsplantabe. We do not. perhaps
want schools for Forestry schools OF sraw-flalthg
or sunday and Holiday schools for instruction eAclu
vev in the arts and trades FrngeMaking schools or
DressCuttng academies, or Ribbon Designing ana NcaN-
ing schools We do however especially need Veterinary
Schools such as they have every civilized country III
Europe for training veterinary for the army
and for service in every and county in the Union
II Mr. Henry Bergh would prevent needless suffering
and death-indeed, the worst form Of cruelty to animals
he should direct his efforts TO the establishment OF
schools for the education of whose SIKH VIII save
the lives of thousands OF most valuable domestic hi
mails.
II ia not to be expected that the clinical opera
tions in any American institution Will take So
wide a range as In the royal institutions Oh Eu'oIo
The Annual Report Of the Royal Commission lor ''V
Urinary Affairs at Dresden shows that III lS1'' oiv o
ruminaut animals 70 pigs, sos dogs. eats ana sIowls
in all $50 animals-werc treated IN the cllhlcs oi 'ho
school 4i2 Of which dismissed cned ana I-o III
hotter In the tnerant Clinics Laos animals were
attended The sufcrings OF the more useiul ooineslo
animals should1e relieved and their lives proonSedoy
medical science and skill; but have not time i'll
America TO attend the maades Of sick cats dyspepIc
sh1nglais lame ducks, and cOnsumptiye p0odles
the free City Of Hamburg, there have been in successful
operaton for many years. schools for giving instruction
in NAVIGATION and naval architecture or Navigation anu
photography As carly 1922 schools Tor giving gau
tous instruction in the art Of navigation were louueu III
France Louis XIII. maintained at his own expense
number of these schools BY law passed l'9l thorough
professional and practical instruction was provided of
in this important branch Of knowledge and free schools
were established at the expense Of the State IN "a different
places The Napoleon understood the value OF these
schools and went far as TO found them III many LOT
egu seapors which he had captured and hoped TO make
permauent parts the French empire In 1922 Count dc
Chabra reorganzed the whole system and increased the
number of schools 40, in all Of which instruction was
atutous for all persons of - years Of and upward
The Navigation School OF Hamburg opened by the Cham
Der of Commerce Of that city in 1885, ana stu under the
control Of the Chamber is Of the best schools OF this
class The course Of instruction is substantially US FOL
lows:
TrigonOmetry. surveying navigation nautical asron,
Omy drawing with special reference 10 oiaIs' oo a.
signals theory OF wind tides and currents mercantile
laws aud usagcs, practical use OF Instruments aJ sea-
bookkeeping aud correspondence steam ana mechanics
No one can be employed as master under-oflicer
In any steam or sailing vessel belonging at Hamburg
without certificate showing him TO be proficient IN the
studies taught this school At the School OF NaVga
ton Stctn, the of study is similar 10 Aat at
Hamburg, three years being required TO complete IT,
Here there is perhaps Of practical service THO
institution under the control Of director, two pro-
fessors and one assistant A certificate from
| this school is the basis of all promotion IN
the Prussan merchant service. In Belgium there are two
schools OF Navgaon one at Antwerp and at Ostend
| They are under the management OF local boards OF
Administrations and inspector is appointed by the
Government who superntcDds both schools The school
at Antwerp professors and 50 students that
Ostend three professors aud GS students. The annual
expenditure by the Belgian Government for the support
of both these schools is less than $4,000 An excellent
feature, worthy of general adoption. Is that the
annual examination, at which certificates OF com
potency are awarded, arc open to all who, at
any place in any way, have ACQUIRED a knowl-
edge Of navigation No perform the functions
Of captain, lieutenant, mate OF vessel belonging in
Belgium without being the holder OF certificate or
diploma, from one OF these schools. -Four Nautical
schools pilots established IN SaXOny, 10 give in
strctOn to pilots in'iwhateyer may be necessary to
qualify them for the proper discharge Of their responsible
duties
This surely is sufficient TO make known the character
Of these navigation schools in Europe. Is it not
ordinary schools for fitting the masters. under
officers and pilots Of our merchant vessels or pilots Of
cur vessels for the intelligent discharge Of their du
ties have been established in any seaport city Of
the United States The Government expends immense
sums for survey Of the coast and surrounding waters
Of the United States, for preparing accurate maps and
charts, for removing distinctions from the mouths Of
harbors and from rivers, and for constructing and main
tanning Lighthouses and beacOns, but does nothing to fit
men TO navigate ships safely foreign
waters The gh and yet the whole Object and
purpose Of tie elorInous outlay which have referred
is 10 secure the safety Of merchant and passenger
ships L. tbs not leaving undOne the very thing that
ought to De done 70 secure the object II view
SCHOOLS 10 TEACH TIE CONSTRUCTIONS OF BRIDGES AND
ROADS
No one has Travelled in France, Prussia or Belgium,
without being blythe degree perfection
public highways have reached point beyond which,
wOuld seem, that there could be Improvement The
waGOn-rOad and RAILROAD bridges solid, massive and
rs lasting eternal hills and the railroads with their
es concealed and imbedded in the solid EARTH
aud their broId level grades, enduring as the
earth itself The usual explanation for this is that these
older countries than OVID, and hence is DO
expected d.. The explanation VIII hardly do for better
constructed rail- Dads and railroad bridges, because We
had start IN that business. The truth is that
\ Prussia, France, and Belgium have better civil
engineers more thoroughly educated builders and
architects, aud skllful mechanics; and this is
| owing to the fact that they have better schools
| for instruction in these special arts and
trades. In each Of the POLYTECHNIC Institutes and
Technical Universities the first division department
of instruction the construction OF bridges and
roads. This branch Of the useful only made
special one, but Is moro prominent than any other
art to say that it is thoroughly taught
In France this art il not only made a department Of
study in the higher schools but there Independent
school for teaching IL alone, well known as
Ecoe dcS Points et ChGasSttS To complete the
course of study requires three years. The course
embraces the construction of roads. bridges, railroads,
canals and ports the improvement of rivers civil archi
lecture applied mechanics, hydraulics applied miner.
! alogy, geology, administrative law and Political Econ
omy The graduates OF this institution, who enjoy high
rank in society and at Court the civil engineers,
bridgebriders, and r0admakers OF France. "By their
works they are known The attempt made iu Amer