, 1870-10-17
THE FARM AND GARDEN,


Need CorrectauK.
F"oA oo2 AGRICULTURAL CORRESPONDENT
CHAMPAIGN, III, Oct Is.
srA1E EAMs.
The State Fairs this year have been remark
ABLY successful. both In exhibition and attend
Anee. These may now bo considered holidays
OF the industries, and most unerriurlv point
out to Us the way in which The West Is drift
ing. Inc farmer and mechanic are taking \
h'gher position, for they are beginning to feel
me beneficial effects Of the mora practical
eoacaaon that our graded school system
M haa introduced throughout The West. Tho
s,aoen. .o Who has PASSED through our COM
mon, GRAMMAR and high schools is Bet
tsr eaneSted practically than the Htudent
o. the old colleges-that il, his education h1s
peter htted him for the active duties of life :
no taken the woiM ~ it ie. not ~ 1t /. painted
by thG nS'hoioglcsl, .poedcal visions Of the
oSS' re- caie. ne Sses men walking a. men, not men
ano eods schem1ng together. he has thus
become einlLensly practical. The mechanic is
studying the laws Of mechanism, while tho
!sines ID Investigating those OF nature; he
nEda that Trains are essential 10 the success-
:ui cultivation Of tho roll, and ho attends the
lar 70 eee what IA new and rseful; iwhile tbs
mschanse Is making comoa<i+ons tn his p4r:ic-
usar !ine Of business. Without these fsirB, II
would have Ceen impossible to have made that
ffos1 ess that We now see. In mechanics the
P1egress has been much more marked than in
the culture Of the soil. The reason for this ls
that the nansgers Of cur fairs have not given
u ne htter department the same attention.
Inc smM r1emlnme, the want Of space, aud
general Arrangements have corspirei to this
result.
Men Of capital and OF culturo are entering
these departments fer n life employment,
and the mechanic. il no longer q tsmudsill,"
n FRN Al .1,tt
either, to succeed, must be educated, not
1nere scholars, but educated IN the b1oa.1est
sense Of the term For THIS cihnGe in tho
mode o. education, we have to thank the COM
mon school system.
In monarcllicai countries, ,swhere titles aud
estates descend by law, the fortunate, or
s1tkex unfortunate, few may spend their nvcs
in study; not 70 here, where every man muat
carve out bis Own fortune; We need practi-
cal education; ind it ia here, On the fair
grounds, that We can compare Results.
When tho fai1s fret became h fact, it was
rnmnon to seo those competing for the prizes
'icketing about the relative inertia Of their
:"o<is aud Inventions a general dis,rust,
Jealousy, and i'll feeling sas crgend@ed and
.1sterCd- Each inventor lnslsted that his
i'apilinE was tue best, and would tolerate no
competitions: and, il too many Cases, the
stsnslinG-out process was attempted.
=o@etisnes with. success, bu. often
tics attempting it. These fait exhibitions,
Lr 'TnEinG together the products Of labor
AID ct getius, give us M opportunity Ut
Judging Of their relative values. And now,
instead Of jealousies and bickering, We see
parties arranging to combine the best ele-
in the reapers and mowers, which are now
made after the patents Of several individuals,
Ii%tcad Of that OF ona inventor. Each iurelt-
s..r las small royalty, aud no reaper or mow-
es il nov ms6e without involving the ingenu-
il: Of iftet y or twenty inventors. Gradually
a,d to that extent le-saning the cos. OF the
implement. That Of Hussey expired yaar
| ur two ago. Nanny, Mccormick, and others
are dropphg out, and, unless come now device
il brought out, ali OF these taxes On this
c]ass of implements will be swept away, and
to the men who have br their industry and
skill given US :hese valuable labor-eayinG aids.
While the fair teaches 30 many useful leas
| sos.e to tic farmer, it is broad field for the
| inventor and the manufacturer. These men
I look rhsrl', and make close comparison where
! any Improvement th1t may be offered to them-
| They no longer 90 10 the fair Will, tho idea
..,at they have 1uouopaly Or tlst any luz
| tltr improvement IL impossible, for bitter ex-
pe,ience Las Taught them that others AID
eofething Taluable to the original ldes, aud
N EGcI 10 TCacu tuo Aioncst suctGss tEese
Euss be combined. The Howe Sewing als-
| cline, OF i'selt, was Only partial
>ucccrs, and his machine owes much
Ia other inventors, for which the Howe
machine must par, .wlh1c Howe levies
small royalty on all CtErrr. M one man
rar, at :Ls day, claim that IL lan gwen 10
the world even one Of our Eaost simple ma
| Chimes OF improvements, for they coubiue
the inventions OF several. and. Ike the Dar-
Niniau theosy, arc e1c1 the creation Of prog
reEs.
We could not have devised better piau
which to chea7ly bring together tho inventor.
the manufacturer, tho dealer. mud tho cultiya-
tor, aathcso occasions present. Il nat mere
! Glow, hut 4 school in which NC learn somo
valuable lcsscn, either in mechanism, Va.
lies OF grains, Vegetables, or Of culture
Ihe novelty Of the stos ha:
worn OF. md We w.. come toes,h
farmer can attend onA "s i''.~~ ~ -1s,o.I
l.sn::::ne something that Id more W y.,u.Ile ,o
him than the cost Of attendance, aal ycs thsst
taua IN themselves can DO vastly improved
!aore especially in the arrangements OF the
b.nruds and buildings snd the a1t!clss oa CT.
Edition. At 1rlianapoli. the ter<r, cattle
sAeeF, and pig stalls were constantly Visited
city, who had no appa1cnt iuteres. in them
1eyord 1ioing, eating tcef, osk, butter, and
! cheezc; hut the managers :. ri tN@se sta!ls
csd pecs clean and well Astcrtd With s:r4w,
which nsae them attractive. Tic contrast
ses1cen this ard some county fairs TIA. !
eon}d Nhmn was a wide one.
We will now discuss the valnc Of tue
] rREAICM FICIT LISTS.
Thcfe lists have net all Been prepared will
isse regard 10 utility. For instance ne should
.ns offer a premium ftr g6uerl lis,
f:.r Fr,umcr, sutltar, and winter apples
r. teaaon. Then, again, the list that mag
:Ake tie first premium, being the hest that il
resented, nay no: l,s lust What the c1Libi.
tcr vculd prefer, brt ii tho best that ha il
aile Al the tir,c to show will give severa]
eascs III point at one State Fair, Il. L. Dunlap
was awarded the Grst premium for the best
twenty varieties OF aprle. fo- North:rn I'LL.
rois. His liet il - follows: Ra1nbo, Saow,
| Ean Njnessp, NamsIall's Sweet, EoS1es.
jonathan, Fulton, Zen Davis, Staa1rJ, Dor.
rim, Little Romantic, Timber THic.
Nintsar, yaudever rtppin, Minklc1,
! Elme Beauty. GYitues' Golden. flhion
N1ttcr. willow and ned Cauala. This
iii ia intended 10 cover the wholo ot thr
arrle season. and l,einp nnprovel oY hv III
commits a,,l cntlorsesl AZ ti,e r-on,;nm ,;.t
il il rs,ural tLat tlose intendiac to pIant Al,
orehsr il Sor:hcrn ll.iaeis ehoali te GUIDED
bvit. Lei me cav :, them. to co:ts;,ser fit.1s
icioro tttr rrccceu to ciyo fbc:r order n,
ices. In lbs fret place, ouc-fourth OF tlle
lit ahould be sumu,er yarietica: Lut tbi. iii
does not give ! single summer apple Fo,
,his resson, the committee should have ruled
i ont for = premium, as being unworthy.
Elt;er that hal no salt in it would be reject-
cd, and wheat filtd with rye and chess would
fare no bitter. An apple list, therefore, thai
ignores the tcmuleF aprl.e. hg which we
hsc this fsnit for August AID Sep
ttrber, As presented in this list.
i most certainly defective. Then. again
Eowles' Janet is not the most desirable apnlt
for tha, rar. o: tho State, being often an1sl
ard wan:irg in flavor. Fulton il questionable
a::,1 Little Romantic had better to duplicate,
=i,h S.arard OF Willow. Fall Winesap hs,