New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-07-21
PROTECTION IN RUSSIA.


THE WORKINGS OF A PROTECTIVE Tariff ~
RUssIA-ENTIRE INDUSTRIES BUILT vi d. -
EXPOSITION OF RUSSIAN MANUFACTu RES
PRECIOUS STONEs-SUPERIoR APFLiAN'h'
FOR THE WOUNDED IN WAR;
ST. PETERSBURG, July Most people out
side Of Russia and great many living VI l'' "e
rather asonished at idea of an Exposition OF Russian
manufactures, and some sneerngy asked, Where are
the Russian manufactures TO exhibtp They are SUI
more astonished now that they the remarkably nne
and well arranged Exhibition with its excellent displays
OF cOtOns cloths, linens, silks, cutlery sugar chec
metal-work and even machinery They knew tn's
Russia exported, In 1863 22650OOOO OF ruDcs worth Vi
commodities, and imported at the same Time
some 26l 900 WORTH but they supposed the one en-
tirely raw material and the other entirely manufactured
goods Since the time when Peter the Great ordered
some factories TO be built and the lewd and unchase
women TO be to work in Them the industry OF RUS
a has greatly changed. Even in 1902 at the ascension
OF Catharine H. there were only 6O2 factories OF al
kinds. the value Of whose products did not exceed
100000 rubes; now there are in European Russia, ex
usive Of Poland and Finland 239 factories OF cotton,
linen hemp wooden. and silk goods, employing moro
than $4,000 wOrkmen, with yearly production oil
l72 100000 rubes And there are also more thah 500
other factories, not including smelling furnaces uS
eres breweres and sugar refneries, producing yearly
TO tho amount OF than 26OOOOOO rubles Russia
able now even to export its manufactures the average
arl oxnorts ~ Russian manufactured goods for the
five wears 1s61ls65 being 6627 900 rubles to the Euro
mean trade and 95l3OOO rubes to the Asatc trade VI
this latter item 100000 cotton fabrcs ana over
100000 woolens. .,...,...,.. -
This remarkable result is due almost exclusively 10
protection and it may be interesting to revue" solno
what I'm detail the workings OF protective tarlH III
Russia In 1922 change was made in the tariff and the
nrobibitive system was introduced The importation OF
very many articles altogether forbidden ana Oh
nearly all the rest there were excessively hlgh uuo'
laid At first manufactures were encouraged ny thIs
but afterward the prices OF so many artcieS I0 ' ~
tariff seemed to be in excess Of what was reqreu anu
the high duties acted merely as premium on Snug
ro Tn 1870 the prohibitye was merged into merely
protective system, and though the duties were much
lowered many were still too HIGH which, combined Win
arrangement OF trade consequent on inc DlockaeS vi
the Crimean war; caused revision OF the tarn h 1901
No further change OF Importance was made unti lSo
when the tariff was subjected to a complete revision
Delegations representing all the MANUFACTURES
and trades, and from the chief CONNER
cial cities were called TO st. Petersburg to confer
with the Government chiefly in proecu0nlst sense
On the other hand the English, German, and french
Governments and manufacturers used all their influence
personal and official, to induce the Commission Oh ne
vision to adopt the principle OF free trade Inc porS Vi
the Commission resulted in the present tariff which
came in force jan l. 1862 in which, though the duties
were rearranged and In eases lowered, the pro
tectiont principles remained supreme. IL is worthy or
remark that the United States played great part III h
discussion. The arguments OF Mr. Henry c. Carey,
whose works arc translated into Russian and are hlgh
authority among Russian economists were referred to
by the proteconst journals 1.-THE liberal and the
Sarophe journals holding the doctrine of Russia for
the Russians are all protectionis and the example OF
America-"the most liberal country in the world"
whore everything must necessarily, it thought be
done well was held mp to encourage the wavering.
The cotton industry of Russia is entirely creation Of
,.f,,.c lie aGfa4 Nod
I'm 1924 at Moscow; there are AZ, employing more
than $1,000 workmen producing yarn to the value Of
10000 rubes yearly and consuming about 96OOOOO
pounds OF raw cotton, Of which nnetenths come from
America, and oneenth from Central Asia. The cotton
yarn and thread made in Russia constitutes 81 per cent
of all that used the three per cent imported being the
finer qualities Cotton weaving employs $50 mills, with
400 wormen and produces a value Of 100000 rubles
yearly There beside 1873 printing mills, employing
2l776 workmen, and producing 265OOOOO year This,
however, but very small part OF the produe-
ton The cotton industry is chiefly concentrated In the
provinces OF Moscow, Vladimir and kortroma Many
families work home during the seven Winter months,
with handlooms producing the cOarser fabrics which
are used by the peasantry The number Of such work
by the hest authorities at about $4,000,
and the total production OF cOttonades is about 900
rubles Add this the products Of the mills OF Poland
and Finland least SsOOOOOO having than quad
ruped in the last years since the tariff Of 1885, The
of cotton goods imported into Russia in 1868 from
Europe 1865 900 rubles, and OF prints, &C. 1OOO
rubes not equal to the exports and these chiefly
the finer classes Of goods. The quality OF the Russian
cot0nades leaves little TO be desired and goods
Turkey red made better here than elsewhere
as was proved at the last London Exhibition The du-
ties though they have been much lowered since 1850 still
continue.
Next to grain fax and hemp occupy the first place
among Russian agricultural produce and in many dis
trcts their culture and manufacture constitute nearly
the whole of the rural industry The exports very
great In 1868 Russia exported 10000 ns Of fax, worth
rubles; 10000 tuns OF hemp worth 100000 be-
sides tow &c, to the amount Of 100000, ropes and
cables for Million and axseed TO the amount Of OO0
rubes making in all 100000 rubes After what is
exported there remain 1876 900 tuns Of fax, and
600 tuns OF hemp TO be spun and used in Russia The
greater quantity OF this manufactured in the country
and in the villages by the peasants themselves but there
besides IA fax-spinning mills employing 1900 work
men and producing 5,5O0OO0 rubes; weaving mills,
with 900 workmen producing 100000 rubles IS hemp
spinning factories with 1000 workmen, producing
million and quarter rubles, and III rope-walks,
with $500 wOrkmen, producing 100000 rubles.
The weaving Of hemp cloths has lately fallen,
owing TO competition in Germany and the
United States; but Mr.. Thompson Of America,
of hoopskrt fame is now in Russia with new nven-
ton for spinning and weaving hemp by machinery,
which is expected to increase the manufacture The
value Of the yearly production OF fax and hemp manu-
features estimated at about rubes including
handmade goods aud rapidly increasing In the first
six years after the tariff of 1857 owing in part to the
American war and the drOuth of cotton the number of
powerlooms Increased from 1900 TO 69OO and the
chanica spinning OF fax yarn from 5000 tuns to 12OO
tuns Between 1861 and 1864 fax spinning doubled in
quantity Russian linens sell 80 to IS per cent cheaper
than foreign linens and need protection The hand
woven linens are not always sufficiently and pol
ished and foreign linens preferred for finish. The
machinemade goods however, rapidly equaling the
foreign article. The importation OF linens seems to BIO
increasing and in 1868 100000 rubbes but that in
cludes batis and qualities not made in Russia
l,t.. hoAhn t,nt L.