davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

]. N denies that he is perambulating
the county-says he was not in the
eounty-onIy going to come in it
(which the same" IS joke on the
county.
He desires US to announce that he
will appear at Templar Hall on Wednes-
day evening next. We would much
prefer to announce that he will dlsaP-
pear on that interesting occasion. be-
lieving that his disappearance viii be of
more lasting service to humanity in gen
eral than his appearance Nevertheless.
as a special favor to J. N. we viii an
nounce his appearance. it being under
stood that he assumes all the pressure
thereof Which IS great.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

RELIGIOUS SERVICES AT THE COUNTY
INFIRMARY.-Last Sabbath afternoon.
a delegation from our Young Mems
Christian Association. consisting Of
Messrs. Pumphrey, Whitehead, McEl-
roy. Wiltsee, Dalbey and Alexander,
visited the County In6rmary and held
an excellent religious meeting there.
The exercises embraced singing, prayer,
short addresses, etc, followed by gen
eral distribution of tracts and 'Y. NJ. c.
A. Cartridges. Thesinmates all seem
ed to be very much delighted with the
exercises, and unanimously expressed
the wish that the delegation would soon
return again. The Association proposes
to sustain regular services at the Infrm-
ary, and volunteers to aid in this home
missionary work are desired. Convey
ances are very much needed. Who
will help
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

G. Platt jeweler, No. Williams Block,
has recently returned from New York with
a fine selection Of watches. Jewelry, silver
ware and fancy articles, for the holiday
trade.
His assortment of ladies' watches, chains'
charms, ETC., is not surpassed by any store
in Central Ohio and the prices viii be found
as low as the same quality of goods are sold
anywhere. dee9- st.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THE RADNoR TURNPIKE has been
extended to Middletown, making its to-
tai length thirteen miles. The Middle
town extension is in good condition. al
though freshly built. An additional
toI-gate will be erected east of Delhi.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

CHANGE IN MA1Ls.-some imnortant
changes have been made in the Rail-
way Time Card which will be found no
ted to-day, It will be observed that the
mails are now all due at about I1:3o A.
M. The hours at which they are closed
and ready for delivery viii be found in
the card Of Postmaster Curren.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
FARM FOR &ALE.

IN brown township, 81 miles from
4 Delaware and = mile north OF the sun
bury turnpike; consisting OF I1S acres, 40
acres timber anu balance improved. The
land Is nrst-class being all black loan.
There are on 10 good frame house with
rooms, barn, shed and the usual ont huild-
ings, wells and cistern q young orchard OF
$50 trees, OF selected fruit, For further par
uculars Inquire on the premises OF
nov-25-ft CLARK a RTEnnJ
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

FALL-SrAFF1AN.-The flagstaff on
the University Campus was taken down
on Friday under the superintendence Of
Mr.. Nerney. the landscapist Of the
grounds. It has been erected again in
rear of the old College building.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

YoUNa MEN desiring practical business
training viii ina DUFF's AIERcANT1LE CoI-
L.EeE the oldest, the most reliable, and
permanent institution of the kind in the
United States. Circulars can be had by ad-
dressing the principals-P. Duff & Sons,
Pittsburgh, Pa. dee2-2w
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
DIEB.

BARKDULL.-0n Dec. 1st. 1870, two and
a-haIf miles southeast of Delaware, Ohio,
Robert Barkduu of dyspepsia, in the 81
year of his age. He was a good husband,
kind father, an hoaored and Christian
neighbor. II e suffered extremely for thirty
six hours, but just before death he became
composed and expressed a joyous hope of a
blissful imm ortallty.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

lfoccAsIN FLowER-No lady should be
without the Afoccasin Flower-for the com
plexion. DR.. J. w. Neil has the exclusive
agency for the sale Of this artiele-and also
the Senate Ink-for Delaware. Please call
and see him, at his Drug Store-east side of
Main street, opposite Union Hall.
sep23, 70-1y
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THE MARION PAPERS invite the Co
operation of this county in the Agricul-
tural Convention to be held there nexi
Tuesday for the formation of a Districi
Fair Association.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

A CoRREsPoNDENT of the Cleveland
Leaaly represents that Delaware IS a
good place to pop the question at Per
haps there may be found now and then
a tilted swain to differ with him.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY of Phil
adelphia has recently conferred the hon.
orary degree Of Doctor of Divinity on
Rev. J. B. Tombes. pastor of the Bap-
tist Church Of this city.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

WoMAN's WORK IN THE WAR.-A
Society. called the Patriotic Association
of American Women. has been formed
for the purpose Of collating materials
for book historically descriptive of
woman's work in the late war. The
Secretary of the Association, Mrs.
Sarah P. Edison. Of Washington City,
solicits the address of every woman who
was actively engaged in the relief ser
vice of the Union Army. either in hos
pitals, in the camp or in connection with
any of the various agencies employed
by that service. Communications from
all such are earnestly desired.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

PERSONS wanting Christmas presents
should not fail to look at the beautiful goods
now on exhibition at the Jewelry store of
@. Plat, No. Williams Block. He has the
finest assortment ever before offered in this
market. dec9-St.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THOMAS STIDs. found guilty of man
slaughter on the charge of shooting Har-
vey Crawford, journeyed to the o. P.
last week. with Sheriff Brown for escort.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

The mail to Marion. z,iG Norton and
Waldo. now goes three times a week in
stead Of twice as heretofore. Leaves
Delaware at half-Past one Monday.
Wednesday and Friday.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THE BELL Of the Olentangy Engine
House has been mounted on the old
Market House ready for service. The
arrival Of the Steam Fire Engine is now
daily expected.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

SENATOR REvELs delivered his lect-
ure on The Tendency of the Age" at
the Opera House, on Tuesday evening,
before moderately sized audience.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

The residence property of N. G.
Davis. on west William street, was sold at
auction last week for $3.50. Capt J.
M. Crawford was the purchaser.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
Farm for Sale.

WILL aeI the farm owned BY the
Z late Wilapy Miller, known the HEury
Farm, Que mile and q hmlfRonGh OF DELE
ware, On the Columbus pixies contnininn
about ~ acres, well improved and well wa
tered 20 acres Tim nbsr, good orchard, Sc;
Oct9lstf
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

The ELECTION OF OFFICERS of the
Young Mems Christian Association for
1871 will take place next Friday evening,
December 10.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

The COUNTY INF1RMARY has eighty
inmates. Interesting religious services
were held there on Sunday last by mem
bers of the Y. M. c. A.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

AN EXCELLENT COOKING sTovE-with COM
plete furniture-and a handsome parlor
stove for sale. cheap Enquire of E. C. Vim
ing, or at this ONCE. If
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

REMEMBER-tElat you are invited to
attend the Saturday evening prayer
meeting at Y. NJ. c. A. Rooms.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

Prof. ]. E. Murdoek viii give Select
Readings under the auspices ofthe Univer-
sity Lecture Association, at Williams Ope-
ra House, Thursday evening. Dec. IS.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
RA RMERS,

nONAVIN a. PoTWIN want Ave
~ Hundred Turkeys delivered at their
Store the lSth and 18th OF this month Tor
which they VIII pay the highest price. Cali
and see them uoNs4etA
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

Col. S. D. HARRIS, the veteran editor
of the ono Farmer. was in town on
Tuesday
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THE THEODORE THOMAS CONCERTS,
at Columbus. viii take place on Mon
day and Tuesday evenings next.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

R8-oNIoNs.- Wanted Immediately, ten
bushels of Onions, at the Corner OF North
& Depot Streets, East Delaware. -Ea
Sept. 2S-smO. MART c. BRoDERIcK.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

The EAGLE HOUSE, in East Delaware,
will be known as the Empire House on
and after January Ist
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
Town AVID eoUNrY.

Y NJ. c. A. union meeting at vii
iams' Hall, Sunday evening.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

FINE HoGs.-Gustin Havens. of Or
ange township. informs US that he last
week slaughtered two months old pigs
of the Chester White breed. one ofwhich
dressed 34o pounds and the other 32S.
Mr.. H. considers this hard to beat.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

Court the past week has been mostly
occupied with civil cases not Of general
interest.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

NoTIcE.-The Ladies' OF the "Christian
Union'' are requested to meet punctuaIIy at
2 O'Clock P. NJ, on Thursday Dec. 18th, 1870.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
PREFERRED LOCALS.

~ Twenty Cents q line for eaeH In.
sertiOn under this heading.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
Thursday. December IL. 1870.

N1Il.1 = 4~F .
Eight Horses and Colts, half and quarter
blood French, Cows and a few head OF
young cattle, $50 head of Sheep, including
about so selected breeding ewes. q lot OF
Chester White Pigs O,.rn IN the shock,
buy stock will 90 well to examine the
above before day of sale.
Terms of sale--Nine months credit, with
approved security.
E. Q. VINING, Auctioneer, tiec2-2W
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09


A WORTHY APPOINTMENT.-Capt.
David M. Howe has received the. ap-
pointment and commenced the duties
Of Assistant Assessor for the I'd Division
Delaware county, of the Eighth Col
lection District. This is an honor
worthily conferred. At the first call for
volunteers, on the 10Th of April, '6I,
Capt. Howe, then but 10 years Of age,
enlisted as a private soldier in the Fourth
Ohio Infantry, in the ranks of which he
served throughout the entire three
months and three years terms of that
regiment, remaining steadfastly by its
colors through all its multifarious cam
paigns, just before the termination o.
which he was seriously wounded in the
battle of Spottsylvania Court House
The Fourth being mustered out Capt
Howe helped to recruit a company fol
Gen. J. S. Jones regiment. the 174tE
Ohio, in which he was made a Lieuten
ant and directly, for gallant services
promoted to Captain, in which rank hi
served until the close of the war as al
Aide on the staff of Brig. Gen. M. T
Thomas. of the z3d Army Corps.
Capt. Howe was not only brave bu
a faithful soldier, always ready for I
march or a fight, never Sinking an,
duty and never missing from his pos
when the tug Of war came. His recor,
is best vouched for by the esteem Of hi
comrades and the Plaudits of his com
manding officers.
Since the recent reductions in taxation
the Office of Assistant Assessor is bu
poorly remunerative. and is but Sigh
recognition of services the best rewar
of which is the proud consciousness c
J having done them.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

Court adjourned Monday night. Judge
Conklin disposed of two liquor cases in
quite a summary manner, ining John
Kirchner 800 and costs. Our enter
prising townsman Billy Rister smarts to
the tune of 500 and costs.
ssHe who holds no laws in awe,
He must perish by the law"
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

UNION RELIGIOUS SERVICES UNDER
DIRECTION OF THE Y. NJ. c. A, AT
WILLIAMS HALL.-We are requested
to announce. that another union religious
meeting will be held on next Sabbath
evening, Dec. nth, under the auspices
of the Young Mems Christian Associa-
ton. 1t having been demonstrated that
no church in town has sufficient capac-
ity to accommodate all who desire to
attend these meetings, the one on Sab
bath evening will be held in Williams
Hall, at seven o'clock. The exercises
viii be of an interesting character, en-
bracing several short, pointed addresses,
(some of the speakers to be from abroad)
interspersed with good singing, etc
These meetings have been considered
quite interesting, and the Association
proposes to hold them once every month.
All are invited to attend, and are prom
ised hearty welcome Remember the
appointment-Sabbath evening, seven
O'Clock, Williams Hall.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

THE GRADING of the Mt Vernon
Railway has been completed below
Millersburg to a point known as Fort
Fizzle. It is to be hoped it will get be-
yond that. Fizzle is the scene Of the
celebrated Holmes county rebellion. for
the most lively and authentic account of
which the Hon. SAMUEL GALLO Way is
supposed to be responsible.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
PURLIC SALE

rVNHE subscriber, desiring to change
] his business. win offer at public sale,
at his farm, one mile west of Delaware, on
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
Farmers, Take Notice
JOHN NEcELROY & SON
HAVE
Reduced the Price OF Their
wagons

Now is your time TO buy II you wish to
make great bargains. Call and examine
our work before purchasing elsewhere, as
we are determined not to be undersolu.
JOHN MOELROY & SON.
dec2-2ms.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

were represented by counsel no attempt
was made to prove an abb or to IN any
other way explain away the strong sus-
picions of their guilt
This being probably the first case of
highway robbery that has ever been
tried in this county It creates great IN
terest, the court room at the preliminary
examination was densely packed with
eager listeners.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

Wheat, SI.o5.
Corn, 4oc.
Oats, 35c.
Buckwheat, zoe.
Corn Meal, Soc.
Flour s5,75(G s6,75.
Clover Seed. IS. so.
Timothy Seed, $3.50.
Butter, 25c.
Eggs, 3Oc.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
CROCKERY, sc.


D. 8 Q % x
nEALER IN CROCKERY,
l. Glassware, Table Cutlery and
Plated Spoons, Forks, Castors and
Cake Baskets, and Nickle Silver
spoons that viii last for twenty-five
years. American Block, Delaware
Ohio. my2s-tf
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
TIME GABLE.
Mail TfrDne TahIe.

DELAWARE Posi- OFFICE
Dec. 9TH, 1870.
ON and after the above date, the
" Mails will be opened and closed as fol-
lows:
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
DAILY MAILS


DAILY MAILS.
OPENED.
Springfield Branch ................. 1870 IN
Q. &C. & I. Railway from northl .... 1880 a m
F." sOuth). ).... 1850 p m
sunbury and Berkshire re..................-l2:O m
CLOSED.
Springfield Branch. $40 p M
G. G. O. q Railway (south) .............ll:l5 m
50 " (north) )............11:l5 m
Sunbury and Berkshire. e.................. 1900 m
MISCELLANEOUS.
RADNoR-Leaves Tuesdays, Thursdays &
Saturdays at m, and arrives at z p m
same days. Letters for RadnOr (Delhi),
Prospect (adiddletown), and Redwood, go
by this route.
WALDO AND NoRFoN-Leaves Wednes.
days and Saturdays at 1880 p m, and arrives
at u m same days.
KILBoURNE (EGden)-Leaves (via @. c. @. &
/ Railway Tuesdays and Fridays at $3.50 d m.
KINGSTON CENTRE (Olive Green)-Leaves
(via q. Q. @. Il 1, Railway, Tuesdays and
Fridays, at $50 p m.
OFFICE HOURS
For delivery OF Mail. from 7:30 q. m. TO
p. m, Except when Distributing
For sale Of Stamps, Money Orders ami
Registry OF Letters, nom 4. m. to d. m.
Stamped Envelopes are now so cheap
and of suoh quality that all will buy on
examining them.
Dec. o. 1870.
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
MARKETS.
Delaware Reta1I naarket.

Corrected 1DeeAEy 6y DoNAvIN & PoTwIN
Wholesale and RetdiE GTOcers and dealers IN
Cf01E7lf7-y Produce
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09

JONES & PUmPWWEY,
TemPIaF HAN BuiEding
Delaware, Ohio.
sep9o, 'L0-tf
Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1870-12-09
FAIL and WINTER
@ LO HIN G!l
DELAWARE, OHIO.

CLOTHING for all the corporation.
Clothing for those Of every station,
Clothing OF every conceivable grade.
Clothing we'll bOught-and clothing Wel
made.
The New York herald., 1870-08-21
WHAT 90 WOMEN WANT
A WlCe,N ldens.

To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD
VIII you be SO kind as to answer question that /
cannot get satisfactory answer to. though have
often asked 1t. "What is the matter with the women
nowadays, or what do they want 2" In every paper
there Is an article on wOman's rights and lately
saeswOmen are getting discOntented In one OF the
papers there IL account OF one OF their meetings,
headed "The White Slaves.' Now pray, how are
they slavesS I'm sore l and plenty more like me
envy them for have been saleswoman myself.
and know what it Is. Are all the strong, healthy
women dying out ana weakly coming In their
stead, do they want TO be paid only To be dressed
as dolls or hgures III nan dressers window, 10 be
looked OF, more for ornament than use; do they
want their employers 10 give them soft seats and
supply them with bou bons ana the latest novels
In their different Departments ana engage little
boys fan thcmf There they IN nice cool stores.
using no bodily exerton, with cash boys 20 attend
them, never much as cooking meal for them
selves, or don't put stitch in tner clothes wash
"a pocket handkerchief. what pretty wives they
Will make. ] married a man earning twenty dollars
a week, ana want to know Is there one saleswo-
man out OF one hundred does better. Well. some
more of my acqualntances tsaleswomcn) got mar
red also, but with this difference. they wereether
lazy did not know how 10 DO anything, employed
others do It, and must OF course to the country
every summer, dress up beyond their means, instead
OF helping sober industrious man To lay up little
for rainy day or TO Try to make al Independence.
\ God help half the working men going Instead OF
! wives they get dolls. No wonder there aie 50 many
divorce cases for any one wil md that the LATEST
| women are The fondest OF dress and must have A.
No wonder there are so many drunken husbands,
much quarreng and bitterness. | am not speaking
Qf y women; only those who make such "A time
about woman's rights and those lazy, dscontented
saieswomen Far better for Count J0annes any
other sensible man TO turn their time and attention
To worthier cause-nOt to advocate the single
female but the married one, to try to reform The
help OF our country Just think OF it-a respectable
married woman, living on one floor, with three
four little children not only standing her feet all
dag, put working harder than many slaves were
worked down south, ana In such weather as this
when ten minutes rest would be such boon 70 the
aching limbs. No one knows but the true woman
wife's and mothers work. and where IL is utterly
Impossible to get help, not having all the modern im-
prOve<nents for them. No wonder should have
trouble with help. so many prating abouti woman's
rightsu Again, pray what Is woman's rf9hfs-what
DO they want AT this rate the day will come when
there Will be women presidents IA well az minister's
lawyers and doctors we will have no more need OF
men, they can be dispensed with
GE0RGINA G0AHEAD.
The New York herald., 1870-08-21
ANNEXATION Of NEW GUINEA 70 THE UNITED STATES

To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD
Permit me TO make use OF your columns for the
purpose OF proposing the colonization OF the island
OF Papua New Guinea. ~ All object well worthy
the attention OF the American people. That island,
lying Immediately north OF Australia, and only
second In size TO IT, Is desirable possessing soil
of unsurpassed fertility, and having no population
with the exception OF "A few savages Sago rice
iapioca and all the products OF the tropics appear
TO be indigenous IT, and several OF the most valu
able, it seems, spring up without culture from the
soil. Papua said not TO be unknown to the
Chinese, who obtain FROM IL an edible sea slug
reckoned among their deicacies, and IL, especially
on the shores OF Torres Straits dividing IL from
North Australia, particularly well adapted To their
mode OF cultivation. No European power
have any well defined CLAIM, If any claim at ali, to
this vast and fertile territory and Its occupation by
the United States or at least by q colony of Amei-
cans, would develop It's resources ana benefit man
KIND. Undt FOR white, u Is eininently suited for
Chinese labor IL would therefore utilize the
labor OF emigranfs from that people without ex
citing jealousy or complaint. IL would form an un-
eqnalled Held for American capital and enterprise
aud ITS possession would have the happiest efIeci
In promoting American interests In the East and
advancing American power In tnat portion OF the
world. Bismarck has sought Cuba for purposes OF
Prussian aggrandizement. The possession or Papua
by the Americans would defeat any European pro.
)ect IN reference 10 II, and masters OF Papua, you
would ensure TO yourselves supremacy the Pacinc
whenever the English shall lose abandon IL. The
American colony at Papua would have % marked
elect on the minds OF the Australians aud Poly
nesians OF Anglo.Saxon ana Anglo Celtic race aud
ultimately prepare them for the annexation 20 you
OF the British possessions Ia that portion OF the
world and OF all the Islands Of the South Seas. As
quebec annexatonist and believing as do that
Britain IL about to lose or rather retire rom all her
American, Polynesian, Australian and South African
colonies, desire TO see the Americans acquire them
and, apart from its own intrinsic value which should
be sufficient OF Itself TO start company of adyen
turers like the British East Indian and the North
west companies) Tor It's colonization, Papua would
form a f00thold from which the acquisition OF the
ABOVE named colonies would be almost reduced " a
question or time, without counting the benefit de-
nvabie IRON Papua's comparative proximity u,
nindostan, China, Japan and ''the settlements OF
tie STRAITS the great Indian islands ana, In fact
aii your future heritage In Asia.
CANADIAN ANNEy ATIO<IS1,