davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10

It is not generally known, says the
Pontiac Gazette, that the horse which so
worthily shares in the honors of Gen.
Sheridan's ride" is "a Michigan horse,
yet such is the fact. 1t was a superb
black horse, presented to Gen. Sheridan,
by the Second Michigan Cavalry, when
Little Phil was first made Colonel of
the Regiment. The fact was stated by
the General at the recent reunion of the
regiment at Grand Rapids
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10
HON. JAMES THOMPSON !

49, HON. JAMES THOMPSON, iro
Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
J@bane 'nr ae9d z PHILADELPHIA, April %, 1866.
consider " Hoo1and's German Bitters a valuable
medicine in OF attacks of Indigestion or Dys-
- Yours, with respect JAMES THOMPSON.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10

The Keokuk, Iowa, Gate City thus exrlts :
" Boston is the hub of the East. 1t has a
member of the Cabinet, United States SEN
ator, Judge OF the United States Supreme
alone in that distinction. Now Keokuk has
Cabinet minister, q United States Senate.
a United States Supreme Judge, and mem.
Der Of Congress. Keokuk is the hub of the
West. Besides these two hubs there is no
other city in the United States POSSESSING
the above list of high officials. ;,
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10

SAtlens wAea In q LgaAy Posture, Dmness Of Vtsion
Dots or Webs before the Sight, Dali Pain IN the
9I Head, Dsacsney " Pesspssatiea, Yellowness
beef the Skin snA Eyes, Pain IA the Side, In
II ~. Back OAest, HMbs, sts., Sudden 'u
or FlRaAss ~ Heat, Ddraing m Ne Flesh, ali7.
Constant IInAgimiRas Il Evil, Aad Greet De-
oJ E., cs.s pssssioa q spisibA. s 9tt" As
~ kaes inAiSNS AkaAAss a ~ kVsr " DkeasAkss Or
+, RAse ensa&S6asd esitk Ssssaemv 1S0eA q.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10
HON. JAMES NJ. WOOD.

I = DL48 ,5H 9Ex-Mayor of Willamsport. Pa! g919
take great pleasure in recommending 6 Hoofand's
German Tonic" to any one who may be afflicted with
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10

Dyspepsia / had the Dyspepsia so badly It was I'M
possible to keep any food my stomach, and / be-.
came so weak as to be able to walk half mile
Two bottles of Tonic effected perfect cure.
JAMES M WOOD.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10
HON. WIN. Ia. 1ROGERs

I33lfGa Mayor of the city of Buffalo, NJ Y.
n ;. al4 MAYORS OFFICE, BUFFALO, juno Y "a
have used " Hoofand's German pa ~ AID TG4
ic in my family during the pas -E-i, and can recon-
mend them az an excellent tnT e lmparting tone an(
vigor to the system rStA use has been productive
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10
Blood Purifiers

ever known and viii cure all diseases resulting from
bad blood. Keep your blood pure |; keep your Lives
In order; keep your digestive organs in a sound,
healthy condition, by the OF these remedies, and
no disease viii ever assail You The best in the
country recommend them. II years of honest reputae
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10

One hundred and ssyen+v.tbrae indians
have been killed by Colonel Bakers expedl-
tion, which has just returned to Fort Shaw,
Montana. The expedition also destreved
forty-isur loges with all their winter sun.
Piles, ana nc captured three hundred horse s.
man killed and one man wounded. ~
A gentleman of IrontNn. No, seeipe q III
tie boy barefoot on the streets on'a cold aay
recently, took him into a store and fitted
him out with a new pair of shoes. In The
evening he benevolent gentleman received
rem the indignant father. who said that he
giyer was. v6sf IN 80 - $50 = ''io
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1870-02-10

H[ooiasaad's Cermaa fonie

is combination Of IL the nxasdieatA Of TIE Bitter.
tor he sass diseases a. he 5tsss n sasos whe1s
some pare alsshee stiEnlAas 10 rec RiEsA Ysu VIII
bear In ntnA tAAt these remedies 40 eASlesy differ
emit SM any eths savsskissa kst the saae Of the dig
easqs named, those being seiemtiAe p4epAsatieAs 81
medicinal sztnaebs, Whls the ethsM ase neAe deeo1
OF ram IA s0FAe fern. The TONIC 10 decidedly
OF the Msst pleAsaa& AaA Agreeable mmedes ever
offered to the publig. Ma taste II sndstsite It ~
pleasure to take IL, whie Va MsiiyinG, s1hilArak
Ing, and medicinal eualitias have caAeeA It TO be
known the RTSatest Of IN tonies. hsAd5fx9 9rofr
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
b@~ Il Present for Everybody. -H3s

Your moneys worth guaranteed. -I
The children's jubilee. ... -.
At o'clock, Christmas Eve, the curtain
will be withdrawn from the tree when every
one in the room will receive present.
Any person wishing to use the opportuni-
ty, will be allowed this means of presenting
to his or her friends their material congrat-
ulations. ......t. .... ...... y.
Admission to the Tree: ADULTS SOC ;
CHILDREN 25c.
Country papers favorable to the enterprise
will please copy.
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
nABB'S SALOON,

Grand 81. bet,yeet G,ommOm and DeSiard,
MONROE, LA.
This is an entirely new saloon, conve-
niently located, and furnished entire with
new bar-fixtures. The best brands ofliquors
and cigars kept for customers, and polite
attention guaranteed. The saloon is opened
every morning at day-break' decl2-d5m
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
WAREHOUSE NOTICE.

T HOFFMAN,
MONROE, La,
Dealer IN Dry Goods, Groceries, Hard
,0are, Furniture and Plantation Supplies.
G1- Keeps constantly on hand variety of
fine Cigars and Tobacco, Wines and Liquors
Of every kind.
Highest prices paid for Cotton and Country
Produce. dec12:d3m
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
Arrival and Departure of the Mails.

From Monroe to Vicksburg-Carrying
all mail matter for the Western, Eastern,
Middle, Pacific and Atlantic States, and New
Orleans,
Departs daily at A. NJ;
Arrives daily at Z p. M. Sundays except
ed.)
From Shreveport to Monroe
Arrives daily at 4 A. NJ;
Departs daily at 81 P. NJ.
From Camden, Ark, via Farmerville to
Monroe, Lac tt..
Arrives Sundays, Wednesdays and Fri
days at A. NJ;
Departs Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri
days a 4 p. NJ; closes at P. M.
From Monticello, Ark, via Bastrop, to
Monroe
Arrives Tuesdays, Thursdays and Satur-
days at p. NJ; I.-
Departs Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri
days at 8 A. M. Closes evening previous at
9 o'clock. ...... - :, ..ft.a 81.
From HillsbOrO, Ark, via Ouachita City
to Monroe ~ -
Arrives Tuesdays, Thursdays and Satur.
days at 2 p. NJ;
Departs Mondays, Wednesdays and FRI
days at 6 A. NJ. Closes evening previous at
9 O'clock.
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
GEORGE c. ENSSMINGER'S
CONFECTIONERY,

Brick Block, Corner DeSiard G Grand SITS.
Cakes ofall kinds, plain and ornamented;
Candies; Candied Fruits; Nuts; fresh, pre-
served and canned Fruits; Fancy Articles;
Nick-Nacks, and everything kept in first
class Confectionery. Particular attention
given to Dinners, Party, Ball and Wedding
Suppers. SUMNER SEAsoN.-Ice Cream, So
da and Mineral Waters, and Refreshing
Drinks of all kinds. decl2-d3m
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17

The Ladies propose this method Of supple
menting their collections for the new and
beautiful BRICK CHURCH, now in process of
erection, and promise the community a
most elegant and agreeable entertainment.
As the supper and many fancy articles have
been contributed, and other things have been
purchased in quantities at reduced rates,
they can afford to retail them at prices pre-
va1ling IN our own town. ..t '--rt
They hope to obtain all the CHRISTMAS
TRADE they are able to supply, and solicit
that orders for special articles, or fruits,
fancy goods, ETC., in quantities, be handed
in at the Parsonage, to Rev. G. F. EVANS.
They assure their friends there will be no
disappointment in their prompt delivery.
For the benefit of persons living at dis
lance and others debarred attendance at
night, the Fair Room will be kept open
during the day. s....'.
Everything that the country and city
markets can afford will grace the Supper
Tables, and, as the Restaurant plan will be
observed, purchasers will pay for only what
they receive. ,..t..'
Come one! come all! Enjoy yourself, and
aid q noble cause. ..s.. ri ..--.
b
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.

X. RICHARDSON. JAS d. MENERY.
Richardson d McEnery,
A TTORNEYS- AT LAW, Monroe, La.
n practice in all the parishes ofNorth Lou
isiana, in the Supreme Court at Monroe, the
Federal Courts, and i'm the Land Office De-
partment of the General Government.
decl2-d3m
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
u s. AUSTIN,
GRAND STREET,
MO Mr. DE, l. A.,

Reeves, stores and forwards cotton and
merchandise at ruling rates, and deals, at
Produce, Liquors, Bacon, Flour, &c.
Dec. IL, 1870. d:3m
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17

TOHN q. SANDERS,
DEALER IN
Groceries, Tobacco, Vines and Liquors,
Fancy and Staple Dry Goods, Hard
,care, Bar Iron and Castings,
and Lonoleth'S Garden Seeds,
Corner Grand and DeSiard sreets,
MONROE, LA. dec12:3m
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
--latest intelligence!


declines to participate in the proposed
Railroad Convention at Erie.
The Worlds special from London, Is,
says: "The Papal envoy arrived at
versailles on the 18th with the Pope's
dispatches to the King and Bismarck.
1t is certain that the King of Prussia
promised to restore the Pope's temporal
power as soon as the present war ends"
The Herald's special from Rome, IL,
says: "On the first, Immaculate Con-
ception Day. gang of ruftians, led by
notorious infidel named Fagnetta, at
tackled the friends of the Pope near the
Vatican with knives and hatchets. The
soldiers interferred." f. .r..
WASHINGTON, Dec. 1.-THE CORES
pondent of the Baltimore Sun telegraphs
hence that Attorney General Alderman
intimated to the President an early re-
signation, which is partially on account
OF sickness. -rs . ..us.tut
The Attorney General awards
quarter million, withheld from the
CherOkees on account Of the Cherokees
participating in the rebellion. .4
Roderick r. Butler, member of Con-
gress from Tenn, indicted for forgery,
and warrant is out for his arrest.
LONDON, Dec. &c. Evening. - The
Pail Mall Gazette declares it to be the
duty of England to impress upon Prus-
STA that the violation of Luxembourg
neutrality cannot be allowed to pass
with impunity., 4 ni.. i..ll-' -. tr.
A dispatch from Versailles states that
the bombardment of Paris is delayed
by lack of ammunition, and the con-
dition of the roads prevents its coming
forward. a. .uft -l.utH t.3
Fire will not be opened for probably
two weeks. ai,ine t lts 5ul
Notwithstanding the Prussians have
captured the neighboring nights, the
French in Belfort are holding out gal
lantly. a..., ou arH t4sr-
VERSAILLES, Dec. 16.-The Prussians,
after slight skirmish, occupied Beau
BORDEAUX, Dee. l6.-ONciM.-On
Wednesday, the Duke of Decklenburg
took Freteval, between Chateau Dun
and Vendome. Thursday the French
recaptured Freteval. The battle with
united forces of Mecklenburg and
Frederick Charles, near vendome, on
Thursday, lasted until night. Enemy's
losses very great.
NEW YORK, Dec. 16.-Chief Justice
Chase, in a letter, doubts whether he
can deliver an inaugural address at the
unwilling of Morse's statue. He is re-
covering slowly.
Cotton rather steady; Uplands Is, Or
leans 15A. Sales 1000 bales.
Stocks very active. Gold 1l0s. Money
7@74. Exchange-long 9, short s..
Bonds-'62s, u.
The receipts of the Western Union
Telegraph Company for October were
s673,665. Net profits 1921, 145, against
500, 1893 for October, 1869.
LIVERPOOL, Dee. 16.-COttOn steady;
Uplands Std, Orleans S!@SSd. Sales
1900 bales.
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
+. p. STUBBS,


""S u NODD, -.
TTORNEYS AT LAW, Monroe, La.
"A will practice in the Courts of the 18th
Judicial District, composed of the Parishes
Of Morehouse, Ouachita, Caldwell. Gaia
houla and Franklin also in the Parishes of
Jackson and Union. ..sssas, s.sv 4n82
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17

The place to buy your Christmas Presents.
The place to buy your Christmas Candies.
The place to buy your Christmas Fruits.
The place to buy your Christmas Cakes.
The place to buy your Christmas Toys
The place to meet your Friends.
The place to get fine Supper.
The place to enjoy Yourself.
The place to do Good.
.s,. ta .e| ,p
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
ADMISSION csc.

At the same place and for the same cause,
on the night Of the oath of December, there
will be fI'I170
A GRAND CHRISTMAS TREE
The Daily telegraph. (Monroe, La.) 1870-1886, 1870-12-17
g. II. MORRISON. W. W. FARMER
Morrison IL Farmer.

TIORNEYS AT LAW, Monroe, La,
n will practice in the Courts of the Pa,
rishes OF Ouachita, Morehouse, Richland,
Franklin and Caldwell, in the Supreme
Court, and in the United States Courts.
Will also attend to all business intrusted to
them in the State and Federal Land Offices.
,r n41v3
, 1870-01-11

This view is not a new one. In March,
1868, long before the news had been re-
ceived that the nebula is changing in f.
cure, the author of this paper, in an ar
ticle which appeared in the Student for
that month, pointed out that there is an
obvious connection between the nebula as
depicted by Sir J. Herchel and the fixed
stars seen in the same field. "There is
not he remarked, "a single remarkable
condensation or projection III the nebula
which is not marked by bright or cluster
ing stars,-by stars which appear clearly
to be leading stars, and there are not ten,
tout of some hundreds entered), whose
influence on the nebuIa is not clearly
disceruible." If, now, that the nebula
has assumed a new figure, the same
sort of connection should be observable,
no doubt can any longer remain that
this nebula (and therefore presuma-
bly, every ~othernebuIa of the same type)
is associated With the stars which are
seen in the same field of view with it.
, 1870-01-11
Proclama

MED Aar og Days Varsel indkal-
lIl des herved Arvingerne efter
Vartshuusholder Hildebrand Gull
lard's den 26de f. M. we'd OGDEN af-
gaaede Hustru Sophia fodt Scott til
for undertegnede Skifteforvalter som
behandlende Afdodes og ~efterlevende
Egtefelles .F@Ilesbo at anmelde og
legitimere deres Arveret efter Abode.
st. Thom@ Skifterets- Contoir, den
4de Januar 1870.
p. Nj. ANDERSEN.
, 1870-01-11

1t is, IN fact, the most splendid nebnla In
the whole heavens. Yet this glorious
object, whose contemplation has led our
most thoughtful astronomers to form new
ideas of the grandeur of the universe,
whose dimensions seemed immeasurabl&
by any unit oflength men could devise,
the whole ofthis magnificent nebula, is
drifting about like o cloud before a shift
ting wind.
For the news which seemed so surpfis-
ing to Sir John Herschel has just been
confirmed by the revelations of a new
telescope of enormous power. The news
had come, first of ali, from a small teles-
cope,-only five inches, indeed, in aper-
ture ; and it seemed quite possible that
the weakness of this instrument (com-
pared with the 19-inch reflector used by
Sir John Herschel during his survey Of
the southern heavens) might have led to
an erroneous impression of change. But
now the new four-feet mirror is at work
among the southern stars. Surpassed
only by the Rosse reflector and matched
only by the fine reflector with which Las
sell is surveying the heavens at Malta,
the great Melbourne reflector is about to
place our knowledge of the Southern hea.
vens nearly on the same footing as hat
we possess respecting the Northern stars.
And if the work to be done by this great
reflector in after years is Swallowed forth
by It's first great exploit, we may we'll
look eagerly forward for the discoveries
it will effect.
Sir John Herschel had said, a year and
more ago, that the strange inquiries sug-
gested by the news then lately received
about the Argo nebula s'must be settled"
We cannot do better than use the spsiSSi-
ma verba of the great astrononer:-''The
question:" he said, sis not one of minute
variations of subordinate features, which
may or may not be attributable to differ
ences Of optical power in the instruments
used by different observers, as in the
case Of the Orion nebula, but of q total
change of form and character-a COM
plete subversion Of all the greater and
most striking features-aocompanied
with an amount of relative movement be-
tween the star and the nebula, and OF the
brighter portions of the latter inter Sc,
which reminds us more eff The capricions
changes of form and place in a cloud
drifted by the wind, than of anything
heretofore witnessed in the sidereal hea-
yens."
Urged Oh, doubtless, by the ssimpor-
lance thus attached to the question by the
greatest astronomer of the day, Mr.. LIE
Sueur turned the newly-mounted reaec-
Tor to the great nebula. The result is
now before US. There seems no longer
the least room to doubt that the nebula
, 1870-01-11

IN compliance with His Excellency
the Governors communication
No 2715, dated Oath December 1869
received on the 9th Inst. the Immi-
grafton Committee beg to give notice
that in consequence of the present
financial state of the Immigration
Fund no further importations of
laborers from Foreign places on
account of the Public can for the
present take place-that until further,
the sun Of S. pr. heal heretofore
paid for all first class adult approved
laborers imported by planters for
their Estates, will be reduced to the
Jun of 50 pr. head, and for a non
adult field laborer to the sum of ST.
pr. head instead of Sc pr. head-and
that all further payments on account
of port charges on vessels bringing
such laborers into the Island will
cease from date, subject on the whole
to the rules and. terms hitherto estab-
lished.
immigration Committee, 29th Dec.
1869.
, 1870-01-11

brilliancy. So that Mr.. lie Sueur has
been led to form the opinion that the ne
bula is much nearer to us than the stars,
"a view clearly tending to diminish our
ideas of the real dimensions of the nebnla,
and so rendering the observed changes
somewhat less astounding than they
otherwise would be. Forbearing 70
speculate, as, indeed, we have no means
offorming an opinion, about the physical
causes to which these marvellous changes
may be due, let us consider a little the
conclusion 10 which Mr.. LIE Sueur has
been drawn.
Because the stars seen with the nebu-
la have remained unchanged while the
nebula itself has shifted about SO strange
ly, the opinion is suggested, say Mr.. LIE
Sueur, that the nebuIa and the stars are
in no way associated. And certainly one
would expect to find the changes Of the
nebula accompanied by very remarkable
changes in the s%tar-group, if there were
any bond of association between one and
the other. Changes more remarkable
perhaps than have been noticed in any
other part of The sideraI heavens might
be looked for.
What, however, if this were actually
the case, despite the iixity observed among
the stars examined by LIE Sueur? We
have spoken of one exception 10 the con-
stancy Of these stars in brightness, what
if that exception Should be more than
sufficient of itself to compensate for the
fxity of the other stars i?
The star that has changes is the famous
Eta Argus, the most wonderful star in
the whole heavens, and only surpassed
in interest by one object,-the Nebula in
the midst of which it is situated.
1t was marked in Halley's catalogue
as a fourth-magnitude star in Localities
as of the second magnitude in I643 it
surpassed every star in the heavens in
brilliancy except the Dog Star;-at pre-
sent, 1t cannot be seen rmtk the naked eye.
When Sir john Herschel was at the Cape
the star was nearly at its brightest, and
then the nebula could not be seen even on
the darkest night. Now when the star is
invisible, the nebula shines with a lustre
which renders it visible before the third
magnitude stars come out upon the even
ing skies and probably its briIliancy, if
not diffused, would make it appear as
soon each evening as though il were a
f~rst-magnitude star.
Is not the idea suggested that these.
interchanges of light are not merely ap-
parent and fortuitous ? that in some way
Eta Argus has given up it's brilliancy to
the surrounding nehula, to resume it
again when the cycle of its changes is
approaching completion? We have every
reason to believe that the stars varia-
tons are really periodical, though the
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1870-12-12
A srRAeE CAsH.-A gentleman, who only

A SrRAGE CAsH.-A gentleman, who only
a few years since was one OF our leadlng
merchants and distinguished IN financial
circles, has lately become possessed with
the extraordinary hallucination that he 10
not the rightful and equitable owner Of all
his property, but that it really and justly
belongs to an old and faithful porter who,
for forty years, was employed in his estab-
Iishment. Acting upon this insane ldea,
he made application to Weu-knoWn law
firm in the old Howard House building,
corner of Broadway and Maiden lane, TO
convey the largest portion OF bis properly
to the old porter, on the ground tnat
through his honesty and exertion5 be
amassed nearly all of his wealth. This case
is another illustration that the human mind
is a very marvellous piece of machinery.
This hallucinated man, instead OF going
to his old legal adviser, seeks q strange
LAWYER in order to more successfully carry
out his design. The gentleman to whom
the application was made thought it most
extraordinary proceeding, and by way OF
humoring him, took his name and resi-
depce, and informed him he would have
the papers ready for his signature the next
day. The old gentleman was anxious to
have the papers completed at once, out
was finally made to understand they could
not be before next day. In the meantime
the LAWYER, MIR. P, communicated with
the family in regard to what the old gentle
man proposed to do. Of course they were
alarmed In regard to the extraordinary pro-
ceeding. To-day application was to be
made to Judge Barnard to sue out a VIII
de lunatico. One of the strangest things
connected with the case is, that the ola
gentleman seems to be rational enough
upon every subject except this ene.-N. Z.
Commercial.
The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1870-12-12

WHY PEOPLE ARE MARRIED IN CHURCH.
1t is law in the Established Church of
England that the marriage ceremony shall
be solemniZed in the church, it being held
rs much an ordinance of the Church as the
communion or any other solemn rite but
in this country the obligation is not con-
sidered so stringent, and some persons are
joined in matrimony in public merely for
display and parade; but the great majority
60 to the house of God for different rea-
son. The contracting parties have each a
host Of friends, all of whom they would
desire to invite to witness the ceremony.
The halls Of the bridal mansion are not al
ways sufficiently large to accommodate
them, and recourse is had to o church,
where everything can 60 on more comfort
ably. There it is expected that those in
yited will have ample room, both to see and
hear; and if people who are unbidden
would have the delicacy to stay away, that
object would be accomplished. When a
person pays q sexton to open church, 1t
is, in a measure, his church for the time
being, and persons invited have NJ right, as
soon as the doors are opened, to enter into
diseraceful scramble for the front seats.
even to the ,crowding out sometimes OF the
brides and groom's nearest of kin. In
fact, no one should be allowed to enter
until all of those who have presented cards
of invitation are comfortably seated. These
remarks are appropriate, if not necessary,
In view of scenes witnessed at church we'd
dings which have taken place within few
months past in city not a thousand miles
from Richmond.