The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-07-19
NEW YORK HERALD TUESDAY JULY 49, ls7o-TRlPLE SHEET


acquired by their ancestors and was thus separated
| from It's ancient subjects; but while IL appeared
determined TO retain those subjects the Vaudois and
the Argovlans were quite as resolute In asserting
their independence. These districts. a. well as st.
ara s sae s sr
the allied Powers to lnterpose by note addressed to
the Diet on August 8. That body was consequently
the 4h OF September In order to take the necessary
steps 70 obtain the guaranty OF tho Independence OF
late Its political interests The Diet long
coming TO a conclusion on these weghty points, and
on the sth male decree that the treaty OF alliance
| between the nineteen cantons should be sigaed and
| seale1 as q true federal convention.
BY this act OF confederation the cant0ns reclpr0.
caly guaranteed each others constitution. In its
articles 1t appointed contingent or troops TO be
ss 70 but sSs
to revision IN the following year; levied a contrt
button on me cantons for the expenses OF war and
decreed that IN case Of danger internal or external
each canton should be entitled TO claim the ad Of
the conlederates, and that all differences claims
| between canton and canton should be decided by
the Confederation. Among other provisions was one
Switzerland The Diet was to consist OF nineteen
members, one from each canton, every capton hav-
such as declaring waf making peace, Concluding
alliances with foreign nations &C., two-thlrds OF the
others . majority. The cantons might sevcraIly
contract treaties TO furnish soldiers and make other
mia9r engagements With foreign Powers not inirngs
The valois Geneva and its territory, and Neni:
! chate were afterwards united TO switzerland, ana
I formed so many additional clntOns. on
| the con stitutlon was formally acceded to BY the
whole cantons on the 21th OF May 1915, and formed
the basis OF the Helvetic Contedsracy until ls4s IN
which year new federal constitution was adopted.
| TaR coNGEEs.s OF s vienna NA:n., .o,o,.,
countries Inhabited a. we nave mentioned by nearly
thirty-two millions Of people, had been conquered
Napoleon Or MS allies y tAs Powers WHO nal
! conquered by the separate arms Of the respective
Powers each would have had complete right TO
pr
| made jointly In war waved for a common lrpose
s in 30 them az 70 the
objects OF the war. The preliminary arrangements
made IN the secret treaty Of Paris decided the fate Of
some OF these conquests but 1t was necessary that
the decision should be confirmed, and 1t
fell among the duties Of The Congress TO
| quests had yet to be disposed Of. and though
| II had been arranged that the German States should
sary for the Congress to settle the terms o, that
federation and TO decide upon the sovereignty Of
held under provisional occupation. ~
IL had been originally intended that the Congress
| England and their subsequent return TO their own
capitals necessarily caused delay and 1t was not tl
September rs that the Congress commenced by tile
entry Of tho Emperor Of Russia and the King OF Prus
STA into the Austrian capital. These soyereiyns
| temberg and Denmark and host Of lesser princes;
| while Lord Clstereagh, and subsequently the Duke
|
rand on that of France arrived TO attend to the IN
teresis Of Their respective monarchles But" says
Ason although me soyerega s ana ar. MINISTERS IN
tal relations. 1t was easy to see thar their interests
aud views. were widely at variance, and that the
removal OF common danger and TIE division OF CON-
mon spoil had produced tneir usual effect OF sowing
| dissenson5 among the victors." 80 EJ h -.
| PRELIMINARY DIFFICULTIES. 81
| When business came to be discussed among the
ministers OF the several Powers il was found that
much previous labor was requisite to bring the ques-
| determination
| that O declaration was issued for adjoining the
formal opening o. the Congress 70 tne is o. ESys
to the rank OF the different States assembled and to
then, Representatives, opt thus was at once terni-
der that they should be arranged and siga accord
ing to the alphabetical order Of the first letter OF the
serious dImcaliy was the agreement as TO what
States should, IN their own right as principals take
the ministers Of Russ Prussia, Austria and Great
Britain that they should In the first Instance. come
wrested from France and its allies before they
entered into conference with France aud Spain.
ns anS was pPs BY
Lord Castlereagh and Prince Metternch, perceiving
the necessity OF counterpose 70 the preponderating
influence Of Russia in the conferences, eventually
was decision that only the ministers of the four
| ana Sweden should also be admitted to the deli6e
rations. The Cardinal Gonzalvi, on the part Of the
the personal intercession OF the Prince Regent OF
Engl nd, while the penipotentiaries Of Murat, King
OF Napies the kings o. sicily Of Bavaria The Meth
te.s OF the Swiss and Genoese REPUBLICS though not
admitted to the conferences OF the greater Powers,
tended TO by such Of their more powerful neghbors
| as were disposed to support tneln.
| $500 QUARRELS AMONG THE CONQUERORs.
The dispute with regard to the admission Of MIN
| listers to the deliberations furnished a key 10 The
s
cradle time elapsed before the real divisions ap-
peared. However, much was done, in the first in
stance without any difference OF opinion taking
| place. The matters arranged In Paris such as the
union of Belgium to Holland, were soon settled; and
once agreed TO- In fact, both these unions had been
| already contaminated. It was likewise az easily
under the rule Of Austria and Savoy of Piedmont;
| and that Hanover, with considerable accession Of
territory taken from the defunct kingdom Of West
| on whose behalf the Prince Regent declared Octo-
Der TO- with the concurrence OF the allied Powers,
OF Elector, the duties OF tnat position having term
mated. $50 far,n writes Arson, .all was easily
arranged; but the questions Of how Poland, SaxOny
and Genoa were to be disposed Of not so easily
adjusted; and the first OF them gave rise to dssen-
81 s had
the delivera1ce OF Europe but had II not been for
return Of Napoleon from Eliza, they would, in ali
t nave awe tse Old se Games war again
| Quoted 10 mutual slaughter"
POLAND CLAIMED BY RUSSIA.
The Emperor OF Russia stoutly insisted that the
| Grand Duchy of Warsaw should be ceded TO his en
pre- indemnity for the sacrifices 1t had made
and the losses it had sustained during the war. be
represented that 1t would be as much as his crown
was worth If he were to return to ST Petersburg
without having obtained some adequate compensa-
ton for the sacrifices The nation had undergone and
he asserted that the Poles expected revival Of their
! nationality either from union With the Russian
empire or IN separate establishment under q
prince OF the imperial family of Russia. He added
weight to these arguments by the significant hint
thai ne had 100000 men ready to march ct q mo-
ments notices that his troops already occupied the
whole OF Poland, and that by representing the Rus
sian alliance as the only means OF restoring their
lost nationality, the whole warltke force OF the Sar
matians would soon be ranged on his side. Prussia,
| which was entirely under the influence OF Russia,
| and owed her debt Of gratitude for deiverance
| from the thraldOm OF Napoleon, supported these
preensions. in doing which she imagined that she
| was enabled TO support ner own claims.
| DEMANDS OF PRUSSIA.
nran ntvao fmao