The New York herald., 1870-12-11

Wnicn the Pope, VINO mad long bravery BLru1Xlcu
against his enemies could stretch forth his hands
| aud mud succor. Among all the Germanlc nations
the FRANKS alone had become Catholic from tneir
first rise In the provinces OF the Roman empire, and
this acknowledgment OF the roman See had secured
important advantages 20 the Frankish nation
Rome were the Anglo-Saxons. No more important
results ever ensued from the resolution OF any otner
when he saw the fair Anglo-saxon eaptives for sale
In the streets OF Rome, determined on the conVer-
Christianity, veneration for The Holy See greater
| than had hitherto existed IN any nation. they
made piIgrimages TO Rome sent taelr youth thitLer
called "St. Peters Penny for the relief OF pilgrims
and the education OF the clergy. Bonlface the
largely sharing the veneratlon OF his nation for
ST. Peter and his successors. In all the German
churches founded by him he imposed an cXtraordl-
nary obligation to obedience. Every bishop was re-
CURED by nim TO promise unlimited ooedlence 10
The Galican bishops, he nculcarcd the same attach
ment 10 iome ana thus did lie devoted submission
OF the Ango-Saxons extend Itself over the whole
| ORIGIN or THE TEMPoRAL POWER OF THE CHURCH.
| When other realms were sinking into one common
| ruin aud the world seemed about to become the
| prey OF the M0sIem, Pepn or Herstal the soa or
Charles Martel and founder OF the race, afterwards
power, ana tnal race IL was which onered the first
enecual resistance to the MonaInmedan colquerors.
Ral Ike tells us that at this time the East Roman
empire falling into rams incapable OF support
| Ing Chratendom agaldst Isiamsin or0t defending
its own domains IN Italy against the Lomcards yet
continuing TO claim supremacy even Ia spiritual
aiIalrs; on the other hand, the German nations
ul oil the most vigorous iife, victorious over the
Hone) of whose protecting and restrictive influences
tney Sun iet the need, and nlled wth an unlimited
and most freely rendered devotion"
THE POPE SEEKS Tim AID OF KING PEPIN.
Such was the condition cf affairs when Stepnel Ill.
applied Tor ad to King Pepin against the Lombards,
who mad taken possession oil the exarchate or
Rayenna and adjoining territories and, under their
King, Astophus, had laid siege to Rome. Pepin laid
siege 10 pavia and wrested the exarchate from the
Lonoards and transferred 1t 10 the Pope In 754. He
also caused tne keys Of the conquered towns to be
placed the altar OF ST. Peter and in this act ls
| of the whole temporal power OF the POpes, who
| thus became recognized temporal soveregns In
Italy.
In strict justice, however historians say that the
exarcnate should have been restored to The Roman
Emperor irom whom the Lombards had wrested 1t,
and that when proposal for such restoration
made to Pepin his reply was that Tor ne iavor ol
man liad lie entered the strife but from yeneraton
to ST. Peer alone, and In the hope OF obtaining for
oHARLEAAGNE AND THE PoPEs
| In TIA Chariemagne, having succeeded TO the
throne on the death oil Pepn, his father and Adrian
L. most energetic Pope, being In the chair OF Peter,
| tie LOmbards became again aggressive. Charlie
! masne crossed the Alps, driving them before him,
ana sent tAer King DesedeIus prisoner to France.
Thus endea the dominion Of the LomDards In italy.
| 1hs monarch showed the most profound difference
Tor tne fope visiting Rome, he kissed the steps OF
st. Peter he entered the vestbule where the Pom
| TN awaited hin. He confirmed ali the possessions
awarded by Pepin to the Church
! ORIGIN OF TIrHEs
In 779 Charlemagne enforced throughout his
dominions the imposition OF tlthes tor the support
OF the clergy, churches, schools and the poor.
In 500, full Of fame and victory, having united
under his ba ner The greater part OF the komano-
Germanic nations Of chrssendom and being
Western emperors, whether in Italy, Germany
or Gaul, AID lnherlung their power he
OF the west on the Feast OF the Nativity by Leo Ill.,
with great pomp, Ia the presence or the clergy,
nobles and people Of Rome. With reference TO the
date OF the origin of the Pops temporal sover.
eighty, we may mere remark tnat the historians Of
the Catholic Church claim 1t to date from the days
OF Pope Sylvester l., and -haI King Pepin only
stored and Chariemagne confirmed to the Church
that winch for upwards Of four centuries had be-
lOnged 10 Rer. And as evidence Ol this they say
thai III the act OF donation by Pepn there is not
word respecting the city OF Rome or the other ter
rtory dependent upon that Duchy, and therefore
that this at that time under the temporal rule
oil The Pope. they also hold that this view IS fur
ther confirmed by the fact that CharlcmagHe when
he visited home in 774, claimed no sovereignty over
1t, but asked permission from the Pontln TO enter
II tnat he might pay ms devotion at the churchesi
and iurther tnat Louis Debonnair, VINO was crowned
/ emperor Dy rope stephen V. at Rheims In ol6,
styled both his grandfather and father, Pepin and
| Cnarlenage, restorers TO the Holy See Of rights
which IL ALREADY possessed
THE POPE AND NAPOLEON ].
Plus VII Ia a letter to Napoleon l., who claimed
sovereignty Rome as he asserted Charemagne.
did. Is equally explicit in the maintenance Of the
same rglG. He says:-"YOur Majesty says that our
relations towards ysu are the same as those OF our
predecessors towards Cnarlemagne. Charlemagne
1ound Rome III the hands OF the Popes; ne recog-
session OF their domains; ne augmented them WITH
new donations; ne never pretended to any rignt
or domain or superiority over the temporal
sovereignty OF the POniifis; he never claimed from
tnem either dependence or the homage OF q SUD-
ject.n Tne lurther remarks OF this Pontin we
think quite pertinent containing all that 1t Is neces
saTy To say pro Or con, and with them we close this
question. He adds:-.But, in fact, ten centuries
since the time OF Charemagne have rendered USE
less all further investigation An undisturoed pos
session OF thousand years is title the most clear
whch exist between sovereigns; the fact OF that
possession has proved that Whatever may have
been the understanding between Oharlemagne and
the pontlis il those obscure times and under those
tempestuous circumstances, the Holy See has
never III reference to her territorial dOmnOCs, held
any otner relations with the successors Of Charlie
| magne than those which exist between every lnde-
/ pendent sovereign and other soveregns"
POWER OF TIE PoPEs IN THE MIDDLE AGES.
From the time OF Charcmagne. IN $40, until the
final expulsion OF the Saracens from Italy in the be-
glnElns OF the eleventh century, the POpes acted
Conspicuous part the affairs OF Europe, had their
| temporal possessions largely increased and main
tained elevated Ideas OF not only the pontitcate,
but the episcopal onice Eugeaius % H., who com
first who introduced organs into the churches Of the
West, and Valentine, VINO succeeded him in S27, the
! toe practised by the Senate and the people Of
| Rome; While Sergius H., who became PonuT in S44,
election, his real one being Osporci or Swinemouth.
| Leo w., who succeeded him III S47 was emnently
| distinguished for zeal and courage. Under him the
Saracens were defeated with great loss at Ostea by
/ the Romans ana NeapOlltans, commanded by Co
sarlus, son of the Duke Of Naples. He did much
I
| and enclosed the city with wall. He ano1nted
| King Alfred OF England, who was sent to Rome
| for confirmation when five years old.
| Adrian H., who began his reign in 867 held lofty
ideas OF the episcopal ofee He decreed .'that no
bishop should allght from his horse for any secular
prlnce.n John VIII. who crowned Charles the Bald
In S75 and obtained from him confirmation OF all
former grants and the cesson OF Capua 10 the parl
Mony OF the Holy See, held 'that obedience was due
to him from princes, and that ne had right 10
communicate them.n
DEFEAT AND EXPULSION OF THE sARACENS FROM
ITALY.
John x. defeated the Saracens on the Gangano,
being present person at this victory which, ac-
cording to Wilks, In his history Of the Papacy, he
achieved with great ren0wn, assisted by the troops
OF Berenger of the Dukes Of BeneventO, Naples and
Gaeta, ana by the general OF the Greek emperor. He
crowned Berenger Emperor OF the Romans, A. D..
sors TO the see Of Rome.
In 967 the Emperor Otho restored to the Pope
various territories In the nelghb0rhood OF Ravenna
aud elsewhere which mad been seized BY former
Kings OF Italy. John XIV gave his sanction to Hugh
u