New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-02-12

great measure Tue price OF breadsufs IN the United
States benehttlng the farmer and the merchant only
when there ~ scarcity in Europe to the injury of
the home consumer. who then has to pay high prices
Vast as our agricultural products are east of the
| Rocky Mountains soon. no doubt, nearly the whole
viii he required for home consumption. owing 10 the
rapid increase of the manufacturing interests, which
are spreading alike i'm the valley of the Mississippi
| and in the Atlantic States.
The fourth fact which presents itself in this con-
rior and shipment to European ports. Here the car
| rier comes in for rich reward. SuppOsng Winter
| wheat to be worth 81 40 bushel in Liverpool. En-
gland there would have to be deducted for carriage
| from Chicago, and marine freight TO Europe, with
other charges for insurance, &c, about 40
cents leaving only 20 cents for the Amer
| lean farmer. When these facts are all duly
considered it shows the ruinous policy OF
undertaking to compete with the continent
of Europe in the English markets, they only paying
| remunerating prices when 30 compelled by short
crops at home. Another fact deserves the attention
of the American farmer-that 49, the yield per acre
cast 6 b IN Rvs s T While s
England and on the continent. the yield IS
| holding its own or increasing. owing to superior
management in manurlng and tlllagc. Again
the countries of Europe are nearly stationary
| III population. while the States are rapidly
inreasing-particuarly the population of cities and
| manufacturing districts thus aiiordlng home mar
| ket.
Cotton remains the only great article of export
| from the United States to Europe, which Will no
| doubt continue to increase while the exports OF
| breadstuffs will decline. The ruinonsy incon-
| slant market abroad, and the high charges for
|
ton of wheat to European markets while the present
high rate of transportation continues. California
aOnewll have the best chance competitor IN the
| English market from this time forward, owing 10
the ransshipment being direct by water, TO Europe
The report of the Chicago Board of Trade for 1862
Just published, deserves the attention of farmers at
the West. The subject of transportation by railroad
and by water is matter of deep concern to Chicago
and, indeed it affects all the people of the country
Grain has been carried to New 9rk Tor cent Jun
(2,240 p0unds per mile This is lower than ever De-
| fore The report says: The rate by steam from
| Chicago to Buffalo and thence to New-iork ut one
time touched 80 cents per 100 pounds for gram ana 30
cents per barrel for flour, and ruled under 40 cents
! for grain for several weeks by the Propeller Line
running in connection with the Erie Railway.
| Freights on the New-lork canals have been very
low and, with the exception of short intervals, qnc
unremuneraing to the carrier after paying the tOllS
imposed by the State of New-lork. 1t is PROPOSE
| ton plain TO any who will examine the sub
| iect that unless the State of Newfork reduces the
toll on Western products to point that viii merely
pay the cost of repairs and expenses her canals must
| ere many years cease TO be the great highway 10
market for these products. This Will be more fuy
| apparent when the railroad is completed from ~.
| Paul on the Mississippi River, TO the head OF Lake
Superior. Then the flow Of grain and other products
| will no doubt, give full employment to the canals
and railroads, well as the outlet by the way oil
| the st. Lawrence River =.
The Canadian Government. by the enlargement OF
the Welland Canal. uniting Lakes Erie and Ontario
which Is proposed to be done Immediately. can by
this means reduce the cost OF transportation tOa
| figure that will defy competition IN the foreign trade
of breadstufs. In conclusion. this whole subject Is
closely connected with the means OF transportation
afforded from the interior TO the seabOaTd IN order
to enable American interests to compete with foreign
countries in the supply of bTeadstulis The natura!
outer for the great North West is the ST. Lawrence
River while the Mississippi River affords an outlet
for the southwest region OF our country. ny an
economical and proper arrangement OF our railroad
system-in connection with canals-a cheap mode OF
transhlpnent light be obtained, thereby MAINTAIN
ing the present channels of trade TO and from the
interior to European markets., as well as with the
West India Islands and Brazil To this the atten-
ton of the American public should be called hoping
to obtain wise legislation i'll order to fully protect
American industry.
DR. T. V. C. Smith-In returning my personal
thanks to the writer of this valuable paper desire
to indorse all he has said of the Importance OF rapid
and cheap communication between the west ana
| the East and also the necessity for sharp thinking
the part of farmers whether Their true ana last
ing interests lie IN the production of greater gram
crops. Why should we drain our fertile surfaces OF
their choicest parts to fatten great corporations and
feed distant peopesF They do not thank us for IT,
Land never does harder and at the same time more
| useful work than when II grows, year after year.
good crops of the grand cereal. But we are rldig
| free horse TO death; we are giving away our best
grain and uniting our lands TO grow otner l2oa iop
a surplus which she does not appreciate ana Is last
| learning to do without.
Andrew Fullerton my part, Mr.. Chairman, am
| willing TO leave the whole matter, important as III
to be- TO the regulation of the great law OF de-
| mand and supply, law which like gravtation con-
trolls the marketing of smalls herbs. yet regulates
| the exchanges between empires. lOu may legslate
will not override the fact that wheat is the first and
natural crop those rich prairie lands that now for
the first since time was young have had their fer
tility invaded by our powshareS. Western farmers
grow wheat because it beyond all other grains bears
| a distant transportation II We of the East could
not make more by our own fruits and roots, and Fat
| sheen and big calves. should be wheat-Taisers
As il is the little. laughed-at State of New-Jersey
beats Illinois, with all her flush figures, in the guam
| THY of wheat per acre.
| Nathan G. Ely-I am much of brother Fuer's
opInion as TO making more laws. The cure for low
price of wheat we will find in keeping our doors off
hinges for the admission of the hungry and naked
and the down-tTOdden OF every cline under heaven
say foreigners OF every hue. and every religion
| YOU are welcome. we have room for you and wheat
for your labor. plenty of work and plenty OF bread
| COLONIES AND COLONiZING.-The stir that Mr..
Meeker is making with his great settlement near the
| Rocky Mountains has awakened general inquiry
ab0at lands suitable for groups of migrating fan-
lies who wish to keep near each other and carry the
three grand elements of American clNlllZatlon with
| them-the School, the Chapel, and HE lRlBU NE.
For the convenience of all parties thus interested we
! invite letters from landowners, surveyors, ana
| colonizers, and also from those who would JON
| colonies. Let them be directed to AGRICULTURAL
| Department ~ Y. Tribune" and they will receive
attention, either by mail OF III these columns Charles
Greenwood, c. A. LOnge, and others VIII III TINS way
| find their inquiries answered
| SHoRT-HoENs.-Mr A. NJ Gittner Albea Monroe
| County Iowa. inquiries what is the true style oil
the horns of shOrt-horn or Durham cattle some IN
sising that they have very dimnutYe, OF Mex ~ 10
| no horns at all Others that their horns are ike
those of other cattle of various sizes ana Shapes
| Lewis +. Allen answers The true or thoroughbred
shOTt-hOInS nave lndJ alpenudgG III 'dIIon iolo VI
growth They are in almost all cases, shorter and
| finer than the common cattle. Some grow down
ward and then curyng in at the points between the
| forehead and eyes; Others, hanging down nearly
| straight. after making outward and then for
| ward curve from the roots; others upright ana
spreading. almost 10 the common length oi othef
cattle They have no uniformity of shape or growth
Yet there is one peculiar characteristic. VIZ, an oval
shape near the root gradually assum ing roundness
as they reach their cXtrcmties, and hay or neu-
| trail appearance in color, which peculiar lndica-
| tion OF high or deep breeding. Added 10 tins - "a
| ineness in grain and delcacy in appearance readily
distinguishing them from the horns OF the common,
| cnnrser. OF nntiYe cattle of the country.