The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-05-07

the u DlLeU OtUtcB buOulu CObt las tuC
Philadelphia Evens.g Bulletin estimates
that it does) 4i2 lives every year, be-
sides 2s7 severe injuries.-AmssscGR
ATttzdn.
SCIENTIFIC AND MECHANICAL
BREAD POWDERS, ExTENsIoN.-The
patent of Professor Horsford for pulveru-
lent phosphoric acid, to be used in making
bread, has been extended for seven years
from April 70, 1870.
How TO CLEAN P1Nr.-There is a very
simple method to clean paint that has be-
come dirty, and, if our housewives should
adopt it, It would save them q great deal
Of trouble. Provide plate with some Of
the best whiting to be had, and have ready
some clean warm water and piece of fan
mel, which dip into the water and squeeze
nearly dry then take as much whiting as
will adhere TO It, apply it to the painted sur
face. when little rubbing viii instantly re-
move any dirt or grease. After which,
wash the part well with clean water, rub.
bling it dry with soft channels. Paint thus
cleaned, looks as we'll as when first laid on,
without any injury to the most delicate
colors 1t is far better than using soap,
and does not require more than half the
time and labor.
A SPEAKING AUToMATON.-A German
genius has invented a speaking machine,
which is now on exhibition in Leipsic, and
is masterpiece of inventive art It is y
imitation Of all the parts Of the human or
gans Of speech, executed in India rubber
and wood A keyboard played ike that
Of piano, puts the parts in motion, while
by q pedal and bellows the required air is
sent through the wind pipe. The keyboard
has only fourteen keys. representing the
sounds Of a, 0, u, !, e, r,w, I, s, Big, d,
Cd other sounds Of the alphabet are pro-
duced by the same movement, and the sd-
mission Of moro or less air. The sounds ol
m and are produced by closing the lips
and pressing the tongue against the roof Of
the mouth, DC. The French nasal sounds
are produced by q separate contrivance.
The laughing. it is said, sounds truly
diabolical, and the Growing Of rooster
very comical.
PREVENTION OF BOILER INcRUsTATIoN.
II very simple mode Of preventing boiler
incrustatiou is in general use 1t the Darn
stadt GaswOrks. The engine has worked
day and night since 1854 almost without
interruption, and the formation Of calcareous
deposits has been entirely prevented by the
use Of crude pyroligneous acid. combined
with tar it is either introduced into the
boiler or mixed with the feed water. Since
this mixture has been in use they have
never bad a stoppage through incrustation,
and have never had to use hammer to re-
move scale Each year, during the sum-
mer, when less gas is required, the boiler is
opened, and, perhaps, couple Of hand
fnls Of loose sediment taken from the bot
tom. The quantity employed is very small
Just enough to redden ktmus pa, :;
consequently, the iron is not attacked, as
indeed is apparent from the fact that the
boiler has been but twice under repair.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIrnoUT WIRES.
1t has long been known that Geographic
messages could be transmitted without The
use Of wires, and many years since signals
were sent across the British Channel by the
use of the water as the conducting medium /;
but in that case the water through which
The signals passed was inclosed in atube, 80
that it was, in truth, only the substitution
of a wire Of water, If the term can be used,
for the metallic wire usually employed.
Professor LOOMS now proposes to 60
further be claims to have discovered a
mode of transmitting messages by electrical
air currents and is seeking an opportunity
for making experiments on the summit Of
Mont Blanc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LoooMoTIoN.-Sir
Joseph Whitwcrttf, at recent dinner Of
the Foremen Engineers, deprecated the use
of horse tramways as unsuited to the times.
He further minated his opinion that
" mechanical engineers have q right to en-
ter their protest, considering the many OBJ
structions there have been for many years
past to the employment Of road locomotives"
Sir Joseph thinks it quite possible to pro-
duce a small, light locomotive, which would
work quietly and effectively for use on
roads but, as preparatory condition, he
recommends that the roads should be better
made, and kept in proper state Of surface
by the use Of steam-rollers, steam-sweeping
machines, and other appliances.
FRENCH sdv0Rs find that more con-
scripts are rejected, on aocodnt Of imper-
feet and stunted growth, in the soft water,
than in the hard water districts Of the EN-
pire. In the British Islsnds, the death
rate Is influenced by the water supply, not
only as to its suficiency and the amount
of organic matter suspended in it, but also
as to its relative badness. Glasgow and
Manchester are supplied with soft waters,
and have high death rates Birmingham,
Bristol, Newcastle, and Warwick have
hard waters and low death rates. In
towns supplied with water Of more than ten
degrees Of hardness, tho average mortality
is % per 1000, while IN those supplied
with softer watsr il Is sbout rs per 900.
TRADES UNIONS AND Co-6rHpATIoN.
Above the advantages Of striving to
maintain . fair rats Of wages, Of sup
port one another when out Of employment,
Of aG6rdhg relief in sickness and old age,
and Of protecting themselves against the
iniustice Of emplovers-ie that OF adopt