New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-01-22

Isl7 nc ISL 0
In 1854 nine years after schwabe's discovery. Prof
tons in connection with ancient records to modihca
about II s years He also in proving that this
period answered also to the variations in terrestrial
Lamont in Munich Thus it became evident that the In.
erva at which the phenomena periodically repeat them
the direction OF the magnetic needle or at least that any
difference in the length OF the periods is too small to be
eidence should suggest identity Of cause Whether
this Is really so or not VIC have no other evidence to
decide.
addition to the study Of the quantity and ntenstyo
light, two modes of investigating Its quality known
to One is by discovering In what planes the luminous
fluctuations occur the other by determining the pro-
portion OF rays each degree OF refrangiby which 1t
contains By the first method VIZ by the use Of the
poarscope generally enabled TO discover II light
the luminous body, and II that body is solid, liquid, or
gaseous By the second, yz by the Of the spectre
aud to infer from what chemical elements
it comes at what temperature it has been emitted and
through what forms OF 10 has passed. Few sub
ects fascinating than these but may not stop
to set forth the processes involved or speak OF the
Thus far ladies and gentlemen have enheaySred to
give yon sketch OF the principal facts winch nave Deen
give a very few moments attention 10 summary OF the
best received theories to account for the origin OF MS
which they have already existed and will continue to
exist will few words on eclipses, aud show you
upon the various representations Of them
EcLrsEs
The first sight which attracts attention when the last
direct ray OF has been cut of by the advancing
moon this round orb in almost inky backness against
q luminous background, and tho whole surrounded by
q bright glory, which has received the name Of
in all total eclipses, for even ancient
representations Of it vary in remarkable degree
In some Of the drawings II u 49,, depicted tied as
and OF nearly uniform width; in some IL is glory OF r
daDi beamsi in others some OF the beams arc twice or
three times the length OF the rest sometimes there are
fOur sometimes two, sometimes six such projecting
beams Of light In Judging OF the degree Of accuracy IN
these there many considerations to be Kept IN mind
such asthat the corona has only lately been made the
subject Of special observation mat te observations
magnited too much TO allow the whole disc OF the sun
ana moon 70 DC seen ut Uhee from mna snS
quent time. Will show some OF the representations
which have been published, that you may more fully
appreciate the diversity OF forms, assigned TO the coro
IA 10y different Observers
TIE CHRoNosPHERE."
In the views of total eclipses which have exhibited
you have probably observed another strange appearance
which Is never absent though often vailed from the naked
eye by the brillianoy It's background Of luminous
radiance nlude TO the from various
lions disc which most frequently seen as
colored sometimes however, deep red clear white
or even yellow These actually portions OF the sun
and the moon in her motion gradually hides those IN
front OF her discOses which the other
side. They called the protuberances and IL IS only
within the last two Years that we hHe a not any Gsn
apparent contact with the sun but often seem
TO oa like clouds above his surface, and assume many
fantastic shapes, curved, forked twisted and jagged
But 1t was the spectroseope which NJ TINS Total eo!pso
ance tbs largest additions to our knowledge are
due on that occasion. by means Of TINS wonderful IN
strunent it found that the protuberanees are very
unstable and variable III their FORMS ana IN TACT merely
local aggregatons of gaseous medium which entirely
surrounds the SUM- and may at any time DO detected ny
the specrOscOpe Ia any part OF the limb. For this
envelope which IL real one, Lockyer proposed the name
Of chromosphere. aud ls structure aud chemca com
position have since that time been the Objects OF eontin-
investigation by numerous observers. III mas Deeh
satisfactory established ths light which sends us
is chiefly due TO incandescent hydrogen ana usually con
indications OF the presence OF sodium Darlum,
agnesum iron and perhaps other metallic clements
MECHANICAL ORIGIN OF The SUNS LIGHT AND HEAT.
will exhibit finally two photographs OF the eclipse OF
last August one by the Nautical Almanac party, with
short exposure and exhibiting but little eorona radiance,
mud one by the Coast Survey party with much longer ex-
posure and showing very considerable glory round the
sun On this occasion gave my own particular aten,
ton to the form Of the corona and the directions OF
pr.inent beams and devoted large share on the three
flnutes measuring its dimensions ana sketehns It's
outline Here are three drawings OF its aPleS , q,
that same Observers and ut the same place us as
meet is undergoing continual variation Tue facts Deig
now fes that the forces radatng from the sun can.
not due combustion, inasmnr as this woud DC IN
Sr2se 10 S 81 Continual S deycop@ent from sources in
which it previously existed In some other forms nhn as
heat aud light, since some amount OF eOObB ahu IduB
w0nd Otherwise inevitably be within tue range OF ourde
tecye powers there remains Out one explanation open 70
M ont OF All those which science at present suggest
This I, that the light aud heat the results OF mcehanl-
cal action and that forces which were previously
engaged IN producing motion, by the arrest OF thar
motion made 10 appear ia this new form, just as irOn
grows under tho blows OF hammer or an axle taxes
IRE i'm conseouenco OF friction this inference there
e.eus indeed no escape bat what Is the motion which
thus conYertedi And where are the moving DodleH,
which arc endowed with such mighty force. and are en-
counenng such enormOus resistance us To eSoAe inc
tremendous radiance Of The sun from previous none
tum adequate 10 produce III ,,,.
Or Gould then gave account az the metooro theory
OF solar hcut aud showed tho objections which could
reasonably urged against IT, and then proceeded 10
explain tile theory Of contraction, 10 when no gave ms
adherence as well general 10 the theory of Faye'
according 10 which the sun ID gaseous mass al A1n
the outer circumference being condopsed
NV Iln cN re mo cold uf lie paneiAry epaces,