davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
The Signature or the Cross.

The mark which persons who are
unable to write are required to max
instead of their signature, is in the
form of cross and this practice have
ing formerly been followed by kings
and mobiles, is constantly referred to as
an instance of deplorable ignorance
of ancient times. This signature is
not, however, invariably o proof of
such ignorance. Anciently, the use
of this mark was not confined to illit-
crate persons, and it is still used by
Roman Catholic Bishops as part of
their signatures. Among the Saxons,
the mark of the cross, as an attestation
of the good faith of the person sign
ing, was required to be attached to
the signature of those who could not
write. In those times, if man could
write, Or even read, his knowledge
was considered proof presumptive
that he was in holy orders. The word
clericus or clerk, was Synonymous
with penman and the laity, or people
who were not clerks, did not feel any
urgen: necessity for the use of letters.
The ancient use of the cross was
therefore, universal, alike by those
who could and those who could not
write; it was, indeed, the symbol of
an oath from its holy associations,
and generally the mark. On this ac-
count, MFR Charles Knight, in his notes
to the "Pictorial Shakespear, explains
the expression of''God save the mark
as form of ejaculation approachin g
to the character of an oath. This
phrase occurs three or more times in
the plays of Shakespear; but hitherto
it had been left by commentators in
its Original obscurity.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25

pr In breeding, 4 would recommend y
careful selection q hparaua sow. The
boar should be les rather than larger
than the sow,and more compact in
form; the COW, should have broad,
deep chest, broad loip, large ham, good
length OF body and fine bone Al
ways avoid breeding in and in. al
WAYS avoid letting my sows have pigs
until one year old, as I am satisfied
that allowing sows to breed too young
not only checks their growth and Wig
or, but that of taeir progeny also. l
prefer boar ono year old, or older,
to breed from. i think both continue
to do better for raising fine, largc pigs
until four to six years old, unless the
SOW. gets too heavy and fa.. She
should be fed sparingly, on light food,
for day or two after she has had her
pigs, then as much n0urisbing food as
she will eat, for no sow can furnish
milk enough for a large growing FAM
lily with scant feed. If you wish the
pigs to become properly developed,
they must be supplied with milk, or
other food, as soon as they will eat.
Pigs treated thus will pay 20 per
cent. better than those that are neg
lected. Care should be taken 10 have
each, sow separate some time before
pigging, andnot allow too much bed
ding, as there is less danger of slnoth-
ering her pigs than when much litter
is allowed. Iprefer letting them have
a range of pasture; it tends to their
health and comfort; but when I wish
to fatten clean dry pen is preferred.
1 also prefer ground food cooked or
scaldcd, for pigs at all times. For
young pigs corn and oats ground to-
gether is the best. In short let us
have the best breeds, the best breed
ing, and the best feed to insure a good
stock of any kind.-C. Nc Gully.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
Let Horses Have Their Natural Gait.

In is bad policy to move team out OF
its natural gait, especially with load.
1t is far better to put Oh full load, and
even a little more, and give the horses
their own time for moving it to its place
of destination. than to make two loads of
it and hurry them. There is a certain
degree of rapidity of action peculiar to
the muscles of each class of animals, and
Indeed to each individual animal, and if
they are pressed beyond this, fatigue fol-
lows quickly. while within this limit
great endurance is witnessed. To test
this, let man attempt to move his arms
as rapidly as bird does its wings, or his
legs in walking as rapidly as little boy,
and see how greatly he will become ex-
hausted. This will couvirce him of the
folly of attempting to make his heavy
draft horses move with the rapidity OF
the pony er fast trotter. The law of ma
ture is that heavy bodies move slowly.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
Speaking Machine.

There istp0W,, on, exhibition in Lep-
sic speaking ssachine,o Invented by
Tabor, which lisa masterpiece of art.
It Is an imitation of all the parts of
the human organs of speech, executed
in Indian rubber and wood, A key
board, like that of q piano, played by,
young lady, puts the parts in motion
while by pedal and bellows the
air is sent through the wind-pipc.
The key board has only fourteen keys,
representing the sounds of a, o, U, i,
6, II, W, f. S, d, g, d, sh; the other
sounds of the alphabet are produced
by the same movement, and the admis-
sion of more or less air. The sounds
of m aud b are produced by closing
the lips, n and | by pressing the tongue
against the roof of the mouth, &c.
The French nasel sounds are produced
by separate continuance. The laugh
ing, says the German General Inteliig-
mcer, sounds truly tliabolic a., and
very cOmicalis the growing of roos-
ter, ti 49, ~
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25

On an evening oflast week a thrill
ing scene occurred in one of our East
crn cities, a gooaly New England
burgli, distant less than two hundred
miles from New York.
A gentleman passing down che of
the principal streets of the place refer
ed too, saw an excited crowd around
the door of fashionable millinery es-
tablishmcnt. Curiosity drawing him
closer, he was Mortified on discover
ing that it was a rOmdn OH fire.
Shawls were wrapped around the
PROSTATE figure by frantic bystanders
without avail.
One glance at The situation was
enough 10 rouse his sympathy to its
highest pitch. Off went his overcoat
AN elegant fur beaver, it is said-and,
like a Bayard of old, he wound it
around the blazing form. But in vain.
The coat was soon burned to a finder,
while the ma IS underneath blazed
with unabated ~. His horror.
however, was quickly changed to cha
grin, OH hearing one of the bystandcrs
exclaim. 'You darned fool, it's moth
ing but wax figger they had in the
show window of the store.
1t seems that lady proprietress of
the establishment had adorned the
large show window with an elegant
wax figure, representing female re-
splendent in the latest Partisan modes.
On the event of the catastrophe, one
of the shop attendants was about igni-
ting the gass jets for the customary
evening illumination, when, by some
unexplained carelessness, fire was
communicated to the inflammable i'm
itation of feminine grace. The gal.
lantry of the unlucky would-be pre-
server was commendable in spirit, but
unfortunate in execution. One more
case of disappointment.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25

Tobacco smokers, says the London
Medical Mirror, must look to their
ewes. Proofs are accumulating that
blindness, due to slowly progressive
a'rophy of the optic nerves, induced
by smoking, is of frequent occurrence.
In one of the volumes of the 'LOndOn
Hospital Reports" Mr.. John Hutch
inson has narr ated several cases of
amauro.is, the histories Of which go
to establish the fact that in such case
the blindness was brought OH by that
rapidly increasing, and, as it appears,
baneful habit: and in the Medical
Times, of a late date, the same distin-
guished surgeon has described anoth.
or striking case of tobacco amaurosis'
ending in absolute blindness, induced
in eighteen months.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25

=
FIELDS, OsGOOD cos PERIODICALS
{ fvlRx sAruidxf. 70 70 rWlSew g.
Change VI size-Enlsrsed ana Illus
The publishers Of Every Saturday take
journal viii now appear in an entirely -
w wa. eod W1eha mas stoFDc-
tio on .neHieature, namely, drstrciass uiustFa-
Dwing the past four yean, Every Saturday
naS Iaid before its readers a more varied and
tn HruaDie resume of foreign periodical li1sra-
IN anu mas won wider circulation a1n0ng
.,, clssses than any other eclectic periodic.1
P1pnsneo In America. ThouGh Every Sat-
ufv ~ mas In all respects fulhiled the deign
eon,ent without making ffesh e eiiorts e en-.
fS c ~ spnere and increase its attractions.
~, An sJhMI,nneneing the new volume for lS7c,
~ me inmrnsl propose to modify the shape
~. sns yoIInAi, without changing Its general
1serarx cnassscteristics, in order TO add 10 its
sttr1ctcns Illustrations Of the first artistic
exesn - these iuustrationS will be en-
tl1ts, and win embrace Views Of s,,,o a,-
Copies q Cele9ratsd Paintings, Studies Of
temporary Celebrities, executed viii ~.
highest degree Of finish known to modern
with the unusual facilities a, their disposaI
the publishers may confidently predict that
Every Saturday will be q Journal OF Choice
Illustrations, As well as d Journal of Choice
READING rs9 f7ssasB zs ~ 80
Every Saturday win, as hitherto, furnish
the American reader promptly with the most
entertaining and noteworthy articles in the
European periodicals,-Serial Tales, Short
Stories, Essays biographical and descriptive,
sonaI Gossip, Literary Inteilisence, Facetia,
Popular Papers on Science, and Translations
rom the Continental Magazines a.
BY special arrangement with foreign au-
frequently able to give its readers many yal-
uaole papers simultaneously with their pub
LEGATION abroad. lf 49,
The Publishers aim to commend it to all
classes Of cultivated and inteIIirent readers.
by the freshness and variety Of its contents.
IERMs:-Stngle Number, 10 cents. Yearly
subscription, Is 90; 90 a 10 subscribers for
Any otner periodical published by FIELDS,
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
Gold Diggers OF Thibet.

The Thibetan gold-feld of Thok-
Julung, in latitude 30 degrees, "a min
utes. 26 seconds, and longitude 81 de-
grees, q minutes, 81 seconds, has
been visited by corps of scientific
English explorers, who have just pub
lished an account of their Observa-
tons. Their camp was pitched i'm a
large, desolate plain of a reddish
brown appearance, the tents stand in
pits of seven or eight feet deep for
protection against the cold wind, the
elevation being sixteen thousand three
hundred and thirty feet, yet the dig
gers prefer to work i'm the Winter,
when nearly six hundred tents are to
be found there the soil when frozen
does not "cave in" They have no
wood, but use dried dung for fuel, and
the water is so brackish as to be un-
drink BILE until frozen and remelted'
They live well, taking three meals
a day of boiled meat, barley cakes,
and tea stewed with butter. They
will not use Himalayan tea, as too
heating and only fit for poor folks.
The gold is obtained from an eXca-
Walton mile long, % feet deep, and
ten or two hundred PAGES wide,
through which a small stream runs !;
the implements used are long ham
died kind of spade and an iron hoe.
The wateris damned up, and slOp-
ing channel left ; at the bottom cloth
is spread, kept down by stones so as
to make the bottom uneven one man
sprinkles the auriferous earth over
the channel, and another Pushes the
channel by means of a leather bag,
the pieces of gold fall into the Unequal
tiles and are easily collected in the
cloth by lifting up the stones. The
yield is large, nuggets of two pounds
weight are found the gold sells OH
the spot at rather less than thirty ru-
PEGS per ounce, A gold commission
er, or "sarpon," superintends all the
gold-fields, string of which extends
along the northern water shed of the
Brahmapootra, from Lhasa to Rudok.
Each field has chief master, but any
one may dig who pays the annual Ii
oense-fee of one sarpoo or two-fifths
of an ounce.
The curious posture for sleeping
universal among the Thibetans, was
observed here. They invariably
draw their knees close up to their
heads, and rest on their knees and ell
bows, budding every scrap of cloth
ing they can muster OH their backs;
the richer rest thus on mattrass ri
sing toward the head. The poor avail
themselves of suitable slope on the
hillside, or pile stones and earth to
make convenient height. This po-
sition is most probably adopted in
order to secure as much warmth as
possible for the abdomen, the thighs
pressing againstit and excluding air.
The diggers recreate themselves
with tobacco smoke in iron pipes, and,
Notwithstanding the hardships Of
their laborious toll, seem very merry,
singing songs i'm chorus, in which the
women and children join.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
l. HE
TIN THE WORLD.

THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
81, go Cash. For 1870. $500
A VALUABLE PREMIUM FOR ALL.
This splendid illustrated weekly journa
of Popular science, Mechanics, Invention,
Engineering Chemistry, Architecture, Agri-
culture, and the kindred arts, enters the 9Th
year on the first of January next, having
circulation far exceeding that OF any other
similar Journal now published.
The Editorial Department of the Scientific
American is very ably conducted, and some
OF the most popular writers IN tins Country
has Is imperial pages, embellished with fine
Engravings of Machinery, New Inventions,
Tools for the Workshop, Farm and House.
hold, Engineering works, Dwelling Houses,
Public Buildings.
A iournai OF so much intrinsic value, at
the low price of s3a year ought to have, I'm
Whoever reads the Scientific American rs
entertained and instructed, without being
bothered with hard words or dry details.
TO INVENTORS AND MECHANICS
n weekly report Of all Patents issued at
Washington, with copious notices of the
leading American and European Inventions.
The Publishers of the Scientific American
are the most Extensive Patent Solicitors In
the world, and have unequal1ed facilities for
gathering a complete knowledge of the pro-
gress of Invention and Discovery throughout
the world: and with a view to mark the
quarter of a century, during which this jour
nal has held the first place In Scientific and
Mechanical Literature, the Publishers will
issue on January first the large and splendid
Steel Engraving by John Sartain of Phila-
delphia, entitled:
MEN OF PROGRESS-AMERICANI INVENTORS
the plate costing nearly 81 900 10 engrave, and
contains nineteen Licensees OF Illustrious
American Inventors. II Is a superb work OF
art.
Single pictures, printed on heavy paper
will be sold at ten dollars, but any one sub
scribing for the Scientific American the paper
will be sent for one year, together with
copy of the engraving, on receipt OF ten dol
lars. The picture Is also offered as prem
ium for clubs of subscribers.
sl.JOO CASH PRIZES.
Tn Addition to the above premium. the Pub
fishers will pay 81 800 in Cash Prizes for lists
ofsubscribers sent in By February 10, 1870.
Persons who want to compete for these prizes.
should send at once for prospectus and blanks
for names.
Terms of Scientific American, one year $500.
Six months, also; four months, $1,O0. To
clubs of 10 and upwards, terms $50 per an
mum. Specimen copies sent free. Address the
Publishers MUM b CO.,
81 Park Row, New York.
How to get Patents.- "A pamphlet of Patent
Laws and instruction 70 Inventorssent free.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
Meal from Different Grains.

The corn of different species ofgrain
produces, when ripe, nearly the fol-
lowing quantities of meal or house.
hold bread and flour per busLel, viz:
Wheat, If weighing 60 lbs, flour 4S
-bs., bread 81 lbs. -.
Rye, il weighing 81 lbs, flour AZ
lbs, bread IS lbs.
Barley, if weighing As lbs, -four 37H
lbs, bread 80 lbs. 'e",
q Oats, weighing 40 lbs, flour 32ls
lbs, bread 30 lbs. .1-.dfzaD ~ d
The -four of wheat, which is cut be-
fore it is quite ripe, is whittier than
that which is allowed to come to ma
turity, and bears q higher price in the
markets. The grain which is intend.
cd for the miller should be reaped he.
fore it has reached its utmost growth,
but that which is meant for seed
should be allowed to stand until the
last moment at which it can be cut
with safety. The corn is ground in
meal, of various degrees of fineness,
and bushel of 60 pounds generally
yields, when dressed, about the fol-
lowing, viz: ~ rs<EU
dOuSenOlu flOur..-...
Rollarus.-........-.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
What Sleep will Cure.

The cry for rest has always been
louder than the cry for food. Not
that it is more important, but 1t is
often harder to get. The best rest
comes from sound sleep. OF two men
or women otherwise equal, the one
who sleeps the best will be the most
moral, healthy and efficient. Sleep
will do much to cure irritability OF
temper, peevishness, and uneasiness.
1t will restore to vigor an Overworked
brain. 1t will build up and make
strong a weary body. 1t will do much
to cure dyspepsia, particularly that
variety known as nervous dyspepsia.
1t will relieve the languor and pros
tration felt by consumptives. 1. will
cure hypocondria. 1t will cure the
blues. 1t will cure the headache. 1t
will cure neuralgia. 1t will cure a
broken spirit. It will cure sorrow.
Indeed, we might make long list of
nervous maladies that sleep will cure.
The cure of sleeplessness, however,
is not so easy, particularly In those
who carry grave responsibilities.
he habit of sleeping well is one
which, if broken up for any length of
tine, is not easily regained.. Often a
severe illness, treated by powerful
drugs, so deranges the nervous sys-
tenn that sleep is never sweet after it ;
or, perhaps, long continued watchful-
ness produces the same effect; or
hard study, or too little exercise of
the muscular system, or tea al i whis-
ky-drinking and tobacco using. To
break up the habit are required:
l. A good clean bed. ~
2. Sufficient exercise to produce
WEAKNESS, and pleasant occupation.
3. Good air, and not too warm
room.
4. Freedom from too much care.
). A clean stomach. @
6. A clean conscience. - .
Z. Avoidance from stimulants and
narcotics. a.,.a....l ..r4i
For those who are oyerwOrked,
haggard, nervous, who pass sleepless
nights, we commend the adoption of
such habits as shall secure sleep 9TH
erwisc life will be short, and what
there is of it sadly imperfect.-Herald
of Health.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
Vibrations. We Hear, See and
Feel.

The molecules of bodies particles
of matter so small they cannot be divi-
dcd without changing their nature do
not touch each other if they did, they
could never be pushed nearer tcgeth-
er, and there could be no such thing
as elasticity. They are distinct, sepe-
rate bodies. Moreover, they are sup
posed to be lin rapid motion. just
how they move is not known. They
may be swinging. back and forth in
straight lines, or in curves they may
be roofing OH their axes to and fro, or
perhaps revolving around each other;
or it may be that they make several
of these motions at once. BE this as
it may, they are supposed to be in mo-
ton of some kind.
The vibrations of the molecules may
be increased or diminished. To Illus
trate look upon bar Of iron; imag-
in the multitude of little molecules of
which it is made; see them i'll rapid
vibration, trembeling in their little
spaces. Now strike the oar with a
hammer: the hammer cannot Stop
without giving the force which moves
it, to the molecules of the bar, and
every molecule acted on by this force,
has its vibrations thereby quickeAed.
The motions of the molecules are
quite too delicate to be seen. They
are supposed to exist, only because
many effects can be explained in no
other way so well as on this SUPPOSE
ton. They are thought to be the
means by whichobjects of matter pro:
duce effects on our senses. The Or
gans of sense are so arranged by Him
who made them, that each one receives
different effect, although the vibra-
tions tina. produce it may in all cases
be much alike.-The ear is so made
that vibrations in it produce sound.
The eye is so made that vibrations arc
recognized as light. The sense. of
touch is so arranged that vibrations
against it are feltas heat. The pheno-
mena of sonnd and light and heat are
caused by vibration. How simple the
means to produce such wonderful re-
suits! 'Know We, that the Lord he is
God /; it is he that hath made us,and
not we OurselyesiS
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25

THE origin of the word Texas is thus
related by the Austin Record: 1t is
said that when some of the tribes from
the dominions of Montezuma, in their
travels eastward, first set their eyes on
the plains of Texas, they almost invol-
UNFAIRLY exclaimed 'Te-has Te-has y
meaning the happy hunting-grounds.
The expression Of their admiration is
said to have given rise to the name of
Texas. The buffalo, deer and wildcat
then fed i'm herds almost undisturbed
upon the prairies. This, no doubt,
served to highten their delight"
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25
THE AND REWS
Star Cotton SCrape1.


Has given the most unbounded satisfaction
to those who have tried 10. Instead Of the
land being left in a condition to bake after
the Scraper, 1t is left in the best possible
loose condition. We doubt whether cotton
will ever get more needed or beneficial cul-
tivating than this implement will give Ii at
the same time you are scraping your cotton,
thus performing both operations at once
The cuitivating portion can be removed so
as to form an ordinary Steel Cotton Scraper.
Read the following certificate from gentle
man well and favorably known throughout
the South:
COLUMBIA, TENN, June 18th, 1859.
Mr.. w. ]. ANREws:-In reply to your re-
quest to give you a certificate in regard to
your Cultivator, i would say that purchased
one of Messrs. Kuhn & Turpin, for my old
family servant, "Green," in whose judgment
/, as well as all others who know him, have
great confidence. He reports to me that for
the purpose Ii Is the best thing he ever saw,
and it does splendidly. respectfully,
w. G. WHITTHORNE.
Manufactured by Messrs. KUHN 4 TUR-
PIN, Columbia, Tenn, and
Messrs. HALL & SPEAR, Pittsburgh, Pa.
= Feb. Is, T0-tf
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-02-25

Impros red with ROwHLLs PATENT DOUBLE COG
WHEELS, and the PATENT SroP, are now IN
questionably far superior to any apparatus for
washing clothes ever invented, and will save
their cost twice year, by saving labor and
clothes.
Those who have used them give testimony as
follows:
ave like our machine much; could not be
persuaded to do without it, and with the laid Of
Doty, we feel that we are masters Of the situa-
tioep-REv. L. Scorr, BIsHoP N. Z. CHuKcu.
ut is worth dollar week 10 any family
My. TRIBUNE. v.f -f
'.In the laundry Of my house there is perpct-
ual thanksgiving on Mondaysfor the invention"
-REv. THEODORE L. CUILER.
every week has given it q stronger bold
upon the affections Of the inmates OF the laun-
dry."-N. Y. OnsERvEE. H
81 heartily commend il to economists Of time
money, and contentment. "-SEv. DR. BELLOWS,
Friend Dcty-Your last improvement Of
your Washing Machine is complete success
assure you our Machine after years use, is
thought more of to-day than ever, and Hou d
not be parted with under any circumstances"
SoLox ROBINSON.
"Your Washing Machine has been in daily
use in our laundry, and the housekeeper express-
Is herself as highly pleased with il. II cer-
tainly accomplishes a greater amount Of work
Vith less labor, and does not wear the clothes
near so much as the oldf ehioned wash-board.
Byusing il, one laundress is dispensed With.
-Wx. n. r. ROUND, SUPERINTENDENT or In
FAINT DEPARTMENT OF ST. CArHENxIB's MUIR
sxpy n " Crry