Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1870-01-16

way wheels; when dOctored by means
Of steam and hydraulic pressure, this
fat becomes available for stearine man.
utacturers. Leather scraps are made
into shOddy leather by grinding and
macerating them into pulp, available
for the inner sole of shoes and such
like purposes. There is another leather
composition much used in America
under the name of pancake Thin
bits Of leather, the odds and ends cut
of by the tanner and currier from
whole hides, are interlaid with paste
until they accumulate to an inch in
thickness, and then heavily squeezed
between two iron rollers. The mass
comes out as an oblOng pancake,
twelve inches by four, and haitian inch
thick, looking very much like a cross
between "A sheet of gingerbread and a
cake of tobacco 1t is used for inner
soles, heels, and stiffeners. The albu-
menized paper used by photographers
Is subject to much waste in its manu-
facture; this waste, instead of being
consigned to the pulp-vat, is now con-
verted into beautiful marbled paper.
by a peculiar application of aniline
colOrs to the albumen.
"Next,as to the vegetable kingdom.
We are told that the using up Of what
"a formerly considered waste, in the
textile manufactures, now reaches
the enormous quantity of a hundred
thousand tons annually, in the three
forms Of cotton, fax and hemp
waste. If we include animal fiber5.
such as shOddy wool and silk waste,
the aggregate becomes largely increas-
ed. The French make fireWOod or
tirelighters of the cones of pine trees
and the waste c0bs of maize, satura-
ted with any cheap resinOus sub
stance. MesSrS. SOuffrie (alreadv
named) buy ali the waste and pickings
of vegetables from the twenty-five
hospitals of Paris, cook them by
steam, and feed a piggery of seven
hundred head Of sWine-the Vegeta-
ble5 being enriched with the greasy
Stops from the same hospitals. The
same firm also produce beautiful white
fat from the black residue left after
purifying COLA or rape oil; and an
other residue from the treatment of
this residue gives them a useful warm
ish for cheap outdoor purposes. The
oil retained IN olive Oilcake IS now eX-
tracted by chemical means, and con
Verted into capital steariue; and by
this improvement it is expected that
seven million pounds of olive oil, now
annually wasted at Marseilles, will be
utilized.
"Old account books, letters, invoic-
es, envelopes, checks, insurance poll
cie5, and other kinds of writing paper
mot printing! are now bought at
about twelve pounds per ton, and
worked up with other materials into
pulp for the penny newspapers. Be
sides linen and cotton rags, cotton
waste, old writing paper, straw, and
espartO or Spanish grass, wood is also
now much used for making into paper.
Large factories for this purpose have
been established IN Italy, Wurtem-
berg, the United States, and other
countries; the wood is rubbed down
into dust by friction against rapidly
revolving rOughed wheels, and then
treated by chemical processes until it
forms a pulp suitable for paper max
ing. There Is one wood pulp paper
mill in Pennsylvania that can work up
thirty thousand pounds OF wood or OF
sawdust per day. Nearly all of the
German newspapers now have a per-
centage Of wood in the paper on which
they are printed. American Journals
are printed on paper made chiefly of
a kind of wild cane that is found in
vast abundance on the shores of the
Mississippi. A German chemist has
found a mode of distilling spirit out
of a residue left after chemically
treating wood pulp for paper. a
French manufacturer converts saw
dust, by intense pressure, into beauti-
ful little boxes and other ornamental
articles. The seed in the cotton pods
or tufts, which used to be an annoy
ance to the cultivatOrs, is now most
usefully employed as q gas fuel, as 4
source OF oil for lamps, as Il chief sub
Stitute for olive oil, as Oilcake for cat
tie food, and as a source of good hard
grease or stearine for soap and candles.
The refuse mOlasses from beet root SUI
gar, formerly used only as pig food,
are now distilled to obtain alcohol,
and the residue cTystalized to obtain
potassium salts. Spent dyeWOOds, af-
ter the cOlOring matter has been eX-
tracted from them, are sOldin France
to q lare manufacturer, who mixes
them with tar refuse, and forms them
into compressed cakes for fuel, which
has a very large sale. The acicular
leaflets of the pine tree are converted
into what's called tree wool in France,
Sweden, Holland and other parts OF
the Continent; this wool is used for
wadding, stufiug for mattresses and
other articles of furniture; q cloth
made from its hbeTs is used for inner
vests, drawers, hose, shirts, cOverlets
and chest preserVers; the membran-
Gus fragments and refuse are compress
ed into blocks for fuel; the ~TesinOus
matter contained in them is distilled
for gas; while by various modes of
treatment there are produced an es-
sential oil for rheumatism and skin
diseases, an ETHEREAL oil useful as q
curative agent and as a solvent, aud a
liquid for a medicated bdth-all use
full substances from a material which
not long ago was utterly disregarded.
"And now for the mineral kingdom.
Mr.. Mill and other thoughtful men
are cautioning US that, as our stock of
coal cannot last forever, we should do
well to utilize the thirty million tons
of small coal and dust which is al
lowed to go nearly to waste annually
AT the pits mouth; and attention Is
drawn TO what Belgium is doing in
this matter. NeU CharlerOi eight
hundred thousand tons of cOal-dust
had accumulated, a burden to the col
liery owners, and an injury to the
health of the wOrkpeOpIe. Where
upon a company was formed express
ly to utilize this refuse. The coal
dust is Sifted, mixed with eight per
cent. of coal tar, heated to a paste by
steam at a temperature of three hun
bred degrees, and pressed into blocks
and cylinders of about twenty pounds
weight. These blocks form excellent
fuel for locomotives and steamboats,,
productive OF great heat and very lit
tie ash. In various foreign countries
where paving-stOne is scarce, the Stag
from irOn-furnaceS is brought into use
by being run into pits eight or nine
feet in diameter, and cooled into slabs
for paving. The cuttings of tin plate
and worn out tin kettles and sauce
pans are subjected to processes which
yield pure tin, good Weldabie iron,
ammonia, PrusSian blue and stannate
of sodium; and as the make of tin
plate in England and Wales amounts
to more than half a million tons an
nually, there must be a very large
store of material available IN the old
tin plate which is replaeed blythe new.
The waste fiuX, such as boraX, used in
galvanizing metals, finds ready mar
ket among refners and for making
paint.