The Hawaiian gazette., 1870-12-28
The Grand Duchy of Baden.


Baden, which has lately been incorporated into
the great German Confederation
S5rereiga-His Royal Hghness the Grand
Duke Frederick Wilhelm Ludwig, born 9th Sep
tembor, 1926; married on the 2Oth September,
1856 to Louise Marie Elizabeth, Princess Of
Prussia Children Frederick Wilhelm Ludwig
, Leopold August Crown Prince born 9th July,
1857; Sophie Marie Victoria. Princess, born 7th
August 1862; and Ludwig Wilhelm. Prince,
born 18th January. 1865.
The Government is Constitutional. with two
Chambers, whose members meet every other
year, and have a resolving vote.
Ertsm.-The Grand Duchy covers 27S064
geographical square miles or about 5000 English
square miles, of which 10 per cent. is level
country 30 per cent, rolling country; and A
per cent, mountainous country; divided into
garden land 10000 acres; tlage l.525,OO0
acres; meadows 100000 acres vineyards, 60O0O
acres : pasture, 100000 acres forest l4l 900
acres quarries, turf-bogs, and waste land, 22000
acres house-lots yards, streets roads and waters
100000 acres.
Tsmpsrainre = The medium temperature Of
the level country Is 1879 Cent.
Population. - The population amounts TO
l,42SO35, divided as follows Protes,ants, 472-
94l Roman Catholics, 929 500 Jews. 25234 ;
of whom Al per cent. are farmers IL per cent.
laborers 3S per cent, artisans and laboring
classes per cent. merchants, railroad and tele-
graph officials and per cent, suudries. There
we're 5Sll7 births, and 2O,6O5 deaths =; gain,
32.5I2: of emigrants officially reported, there
were 2S59, showing net increase il. the popula-
tion of 1868. or 2.O7 per cent. Besides, there
were living in the country. 52,9l6 foreigners.
National De5i-The national debt amounted
on the 3lst Dec, 1867, TO f322s5OOi; and on
the 5lst Dec, 1865, to f.3l, ,OO3-decrease
a1OOOOO3.
National Wealh.-The national wealth is es-
tmated at al l5OOOOOOOO, or S6OOOOOOOO, or
$500 per head This is divided as follows; real
estate. a.g5OOOOOOO industrial capital h.26O,-
100000; cash, stocks bonds &c. h240, 100000 /;
other personal property. A5O,OOOOO0
TlIra5Is CgpitaL The taxable capital in 1868,
amounted to i'll 2S9 SOC. .554 in 1867 to aI ,275,-
/ 642Os4-increase. f1396447O
T,Lrss-The direct taxes amounted to h.5.54
per head.
Cro,rn LaHds-The Crown lands comprise
ASP acres of garden land 3l,73S do. tillage
/ 81 ,3ss do. meadows ll6 do. vineyards 2386Os
do forest; and l.69O do. waste Iand-total,
\ 293992 acres, yielding net produce of
h2529 99l, and representing at the present rate
of discount, capital of h65.5OOOOO.
/ Crops.-The crops of this country with the
exception Of the vintage. which turns out below
the average. both as regards quantity and quality,
| have been above the average, as the following
| figures will show: Of cereals ;here were 7.37ssSs
cwts straw, 1Os24s73 do; potatoes. 14.129 s92
do; hay and clover, l9979.742 do; roots. l5.-
717I3O do; tobacco, I959OS do hops, 33,774
do; hemp lhackled) s5s72 do; fax (hackledl
5.7O8 do; ehicories, 396327 do; vegetables, &c.
s7s.s32 do; fruit, I,4l2322 do; and of wine,
j33S67 ohms-l ohm containing 40 gallons In
middling years, the agrarian produce is estimated
| at fll5,O0OO0O; add hl5OOOOOO. produce of
the forests and the total is a.l3O,OOOOOO
.Stock-The live stock consisted Of. horses
1929; horned cattle, SOB 242; sheep l74l27;
swine, 34O7l3; goats 57,3O2; mules and asses
I63 poultry. l I,544 567; beehives. s3s75 dogs.
81. .54s, paying tax of A6 each. The vdIue OF
the horned cattle represents a capital of about
h.7OOOOOOO, yielding a gross produce Of h-39.-
OOOUOO
Storms and Floods.-The damage done by
hailstorms Amounted to f-54sOl3 on 2S,33O
acres, mostly covered by insurance OF foods.
there we're none OF importance
Wqges-The daily wages for field laborers,
without food male from "A. to fI.3O female,
from 10 to fl With food, male, from II to
fl iengaIe from 5. to Sc.
FtH'H,ing--'The prevailing system is the small
farming system, that is. there are few or no
landed proPrietors who own ground of 200 acres
or morei the greater part Of the country people |
have split lots Of 80 to 40 acres To form an
idea Of the division Of land 10 this country. it
may he stated that Of the l5G,g3g cattle owners /
only 1884 have more than 20 head Of cattle; Of /
The 1859 horse owners only I2O have more
than 10 horses and Of the 2O.59I sheep owners, /
only 81 hOeks exceed 500 sheep.
The value Of land for tillage and meadows 4
ranges from 1900 to 6.I 200. and above. per
acre. The difference in value Of vineyards Is too .
great to allow even Of an approzimsiivs estimate.
Regarding cattle. stable feeding il. from the /
above reasons. the most suitable system. and Is
therefore mos, generally adopted.
Miaes.-Tbe produce Of the mines is only Of
minor importance. being as follows salt, 100000
cEts-; Goals, 247.OOO do; ron. 1900 DO lead. I
l.s0O do. Manganese, 400 do. arsenic ore. 300
do. The produce Of the stone quarries for road.
AMI building purposes. can not be aseertaiped
The produce and sale Of salt are monopoly
owned BY the Government. and represent a net
profit Of fl 325O0O per annum.
. IasrHzioH- School attendance is obligatory.
that s with the choice Of pabIc schools or private
ones. or taition at home By examined and au-
ihorized teachers. OF public schools. there are
SO national school 20 higher schools 3 Iatio
schools, universities. IS industrial schools. 5
agricultural scbOois. polytechnic school. and 3
seminariss- al under the supervision Of the Gov.
eminent OF private and boarding schooIs, every
town Of any consideration ba= several
ReligiOn--There Il pssf :, religious liberty.
50 long ss it does not interisle with the laws Of