, 1870-12-31
TIE M0NT GEMS TUNEEL,

rhc f:rent Work ut Length Eom-
rycsrn-IEis.ory OF the Project frosn
the RE.EMlHinE-IlIe ssoutc nnd
| VII, II ~ m Chnseu-Hfcthod OF Up
erstsnE-Ihc Work OF fsnch fcaes
| 1:onnEaCx, Dec. 2s.8
! !s4patcl. from SnRa ANNOUNCES that tile
I Alp.,1e+e ristctd tbrough Yesterday. and
tlsr the wprKmeu from both ends OK the
| Mont ccris tunnel Joined in congratulations
'c enps!etos e.. FL 1t '1s asM.s s.siS;
| The .stternal tar1ler between Frarce and
ItalF has ut laAt been ove1c1mc. anu At thts
moment the wosamen who for thirteen years 4
have been working toward each other in the
bowels Of the Alps hare dcubtle-s tnet, anu
With srch familiarity their diverse iau'
Euage. will permit. congratulated each oshnf
on the completion Of their more than hercn-
l:an laber- :.,,
The Alps have been crossed even Tlth
rreat stmtes eince the days ef Hannibal, but !
The Undertaking las besn enc o. no l!ttla toil
| nui .uu,e dauEer.1 In 1905 the Ffret Napoleon |
: constr,cted ; road through the pass Of Mont
, GEMS, wLict, was At = moderate eleEation OF
nome iGD feet above the lsvei Of the adjacent
county. This WAS thirty miles loug and
. | eighteen feet 1ide. and was tui!t at coat OF
doc, 900 frsncs. II served for many yoaEs ~
, Ike ouyv highway between France and Italy
!. but wiih,n tue last FIVE years railway has
tcen Iuilt over tue ridge upon which ~, steam,
. single cur. Tho ideA OF piercing tha noun
i tain. and gliding from oco country to tho
i | ether in few minutes time, ~As htss
hroaehed shout tsenty xssss 1so IS nag saa ;.,ca
r. class Of persoDs whose conception OF what
:: eau bo done IL formed entirely IN accor1.nee
10 with what they know has been done
Al manner Of c,i,sn'''es md DC dec,.eed
!. to be iu4uperabIe: but the Projectors
~ Lt tlieycd they could DO overcome. The Gov"
a etnmerts Of France aud Italy wero applied to,
e to lend thei1 assistance ioE ,he aseompnsa,
~. Feasibility Of the work WAS argued at length
"a hofose the Legislative bodies Of ootn theso M.
ch tons. and the rczult WAS tnAl5 conssaes
ia for the wolk. --...
~; EFT pe essibIe lire though the vast mountain
AZ. range. a. the altitude o! the p"aks Or tne
to general ridse made no diIe1ehce Win Ine
1,d tho top at insarxals, and working from ono !!
nts ar ether, was pror ouucea inprac'icablo IRON
3co the start, and continuous bar;r. from ethe
na xas s Gn as me eio oeAs ssnnee
i',1 ind ! ' ,i.e cSee1fni c light OF DAY and III
mo Wholesome atmosphere of tho eu1
won't world t.eea The ss Esee from xss foas
Of Old. Mon. Gents road. whe1o tnupel Of =, q
,ar. neir.e. or = little less thsn eight miles !
IL length, would pierce the mountain rings AZ
Int fane, II, the valley Of the Arc in SrroE, vii
a Is Hsr6oncchc, in the valley Of tho pofaltPet'
n IN lt.lv, by a .ail.oaa over which tram {
cssy car. Il any desired lcpg,h corsa run in ve'
tLe tun: el naescs under three mountains
our considerable leigh, even for Alpine peak
e.dy kno7n ~ the Col FIejus sho Gfana e., sa!a 1a
nee, and the Col de IA Rome, ranged IN the otd
uio.. Franco to Italy. Tho central summit - oS
ia. ii. .VW fest above tho res level, and BY 4
, tho old method Of sinking shafts it would Ia
re. REQUIRED more time and labor to bore one
hon. tAese than has been taken Tor the emil
tu.e work. \,
inc ordinary harc-dr1l. wa4 used to 1't"rce i
) hss .rccl, Ard the solid masses were BLASTED Q
Co. ! 1;th Dordps. THIS method Of nneratil
sscs- which was kolt up on tho Italian side uu
sre i9Gi, and On tho French Eide until 1863. VOL
olow complexion Of the wo'k- Accordingly i.
sur Locved tho projectors to bettiink them
,,e1to come moro expeditions metiol Of proceedil
and The use of sicam waH out OF the questt
IL re- and the attention OF the iseian enEtneess
cans. therefore tufnea 70 aesiee aor usnnE ~
have, prcseed ait RI tho motive power. Ihla u
Gated ier p1eseut.d No rery great .iiaient:y IN
ions; general principles but crest deal q exp
olIpw- mentiuE was neceteary before II could 10
banda into successful practice.
iii t,,o machine was Hually invented and pu. i
1cuso | operation which could stand outside by one
grade the st1cams that came down fton tue mo
Wo tsre, and will lta atd iofce Tue a!r 1ac! ;!
.ri-m. long tubeu TO the drilling apparatus, !
hat il latter il \ machine which works in u Ea
Il ru,,- nine feft square, and carries largo mum
.rateh OF pcIfotatoEs, each OF nhch bofes EerAl
hole in tho rock. by the cpmpreseiug
~ out chine The air is forced into reservoir,
Our thence il pasecs through flexible p1pes 70
10 bay ! cylinders containing tha drills OF tue Pc
. a. It each drill Is forced against tue face OF
i1.esi slightly, and withdrawn. Two hundeet
tl4sse blows arc given every mlauto
each dill, AID when holes su q the ie
tscg. quiEed depth hayo oeen norco, ,,,i.S- tae
rnrtsK il tn1ntu on, ana tue tnaetle .',,,n;., !.
". q. away az 10 converge slightly toward
i!cu1ar other, to;thtt every o!asl WI, .t'nb W."
reguls- eonfidet1 be mass Oh f"cHs -. ~ az w.
ions VI was used in the blastinE o's thero we're
known obvious ohjcc,icne TO THE. ~ econ as
ion to considerable progress hid been ma1e'
Lv tho | rubse queI:!y, Enn-cotton Uas TIED.
s7,, A. wss aitetward displaced Ly tho Use Of .
. 1870. Elscetine. The rate Of progEts. has valid
l,,ll by ceu1se, wi,h tho hardness uf the rosk.
II raoa- ha. bcen frcen1le ard half to three lee
.kep by CAY. An ODE the sircidental arpliAsces
} 4-cer- pltycd hy lie Wcfktufn NC EAs-uausc'
Iuil {ha ia,Uie waiGr-zorks, a-l machinery Tor
. h,xo<, rtxipc their own lungs with air as We
c,lstou, those OF the rtrtoiatiltg usaclnoe1y.
ipde- the three essentials OF cemtori able hfe-l
,vl=iOns air krd vi ascr: arc teec1sea itIn1 too
,mp1eI ,p u The The ;nurel Is IL Inc form Of segment
tars. cs,iptiet the Eotth.a bein. level for the
.ty can sed Of the proposed railway: lhe hefs
tunnel 1t the taee Is feet 3:x inches. IA
barrels. width in the lroacest part y feat 81 it,
nd s,'tea ! Ar fast AZ tho rock IL tla-ted out u
y draw ncvaa. nr1 4 rarty of useons folio.
Z h ,1E-. t,i;na ii,a nusr r,,etir ery N cnup1Ct
CT In the ~ uetAna rr,.ann,E h.s coone NJ, II, ti,i
ne from oAfou'e. tnc ~ ~. S an,or
nd. md day ann ElSnt ZOE 1Ho5e 3A.H ug1SA
. of such aud ut lAsf the TWO gangs OF "o1kuen
the 8Au- tuet-eo VIC arc told By the feleEf4pn-l
e.rnting reafh the summit Of tue Grand Fallou-
thus OBJ -,~or1ev. h, a hten a little more Tard
g. o! tee Ftei ch fhsn on tho Il. .lau sidc ths A.
ludath - belns oo-oo uetieo oa too 'etAAoA ~ W
&c Vi the the latter.
i toscin- The following table exhibits tho proEt
nvotcc o. metres which has teeu made from
G Of duty -rer s;nca fhn heripninc Of actual pper
pAckaKrs ~