davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der westbote. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1843-1871, 1870-03-31


&c mar als hdtten es Die beiben Domen horauf ab=
eeieben. bem 2eeationsratb b. 9irihfelot einiee
Ganaiueile au bereiien. benn Bella bate bic Stts.
bome uno ibn nm grlaubniB eebeten. nod benz srib,
tld ibnen ibre eieenen Hieblin9spldbs unb bas
@ntob ielbf 3eisen gu blrfen. Bon Bella mar es
f6er ernf 9emeint; es tuar ibr Elm berjltes Be-
Siirfnib. ale oieie gtdbe 5u beIuhen uno bic Grin.
nerun9en tuieoer aufiufrden lpelhe ii an oieelben
fnipften. 5rdulen ,. Nnaeritein par aud, oarouf
nit elmer BeretwiliSteit uno enem Sntereiie einse.
eangen, lpelde iebr fir ibre SerHns9ite eeipro1en
bdtte. lpenn nidt babel eine tleine unternromuns
BON @4aoenfreuhe 4eweien mdre. Maen iie pub.
te. tuie menig Der fripoe alte Weltmann uno @enub
menid befdbist mar. gmpfnounaen BON Der 3art.
belt nno Snnisfet 5u meriben, wie le in oieem Jal'
le bel Bella 5u Sage traten.
@leidmo6l mad5e 6err ,. piridfelbt CUTE Mien'
gum bolen Spiele unb eraab iid, in ben eren Stun'
ben nit leioilder Soiiung in oas unabuenobare
go lange man bas ShloB belidtiete uno Bella II
ibrer fnniaen Weiie sleiniam on ieoen sSuBbrei
Booen grinnernnsen an ibren tbeuren Batter uni
Der westbote. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1843-1871, 1870-03-31

mug mar. aue Vort6eile unb Boraiae ueiner Qooe
5u oergefen uno bic arnlen Wtd6der 5u beneiben,
um neId,e man lhrsr ielbft, nitt um ibres Werm6.
Gen ptllen mirtt! SD min benz Batter Der Waifts
pertrauen uno benz 9esen menes iroilden Woters.
oellen @eiit i'd mir bier tr6id nabe fibGe!" FEB.
te he nit einem Mufblid 3u benz 1il0e ibres 0aters
an Der Wanb 6in3u. un6 bic 9hrdnen, welde nun
leren 116nen lieben Mugen enttr6mten. maren ieine
tbrdnen bes S1merses mebr. .,,@-,s.a .sesf
I'm anbern Sag Dor Dem Jrihffad so9 Bella lire
tnafterliehe Jreunoin beisite unb sab ibr elm 8at,
meldes Ne aus enem Der Briefpotete aenommen bat.
e. sd bin idon por Gage oufsefonben unb ia.
oe ole Briefe nadseleien. melde Der Geaationsroth
le an meinen papa eeidreben." iaete lie. sd
pabs enolid ginen Brief gefunben, uorin BON Serrn
,. Suisbera bic 3ebe it, 2es i'm nno iaa' mir ae-
,sasnta1ids Deins antmort 2iebe Die ea&e raubt
Trdulsin b. Mnserifein las bic be3ei6nete @teIIe
in benz Briefe oes 2esationsrath b. SiridfeI6t an
ben Doctor b. 6ahn. Ser Gritere eradhlte barin
tetnem Trennee BON benz nnaldd tpeldbes ben Sobn
ihres eemeiniomen Observation-Disclosures Ous5ers
pelmageiudt babe; Der tunee Mann iei auf Der Uni.
nerltdt IN ihlimme @efeufdaft 9eratben. babe fd
in 9d,nloen eeifdr3t unb ie nun BON elmer @eleaa.
tion beorobt menn idt idnen Elm 9beil Ieiner Ser.
btnolidteitsn geoedt perbe. Ct. Der Qeoationsroth
babe bierau nod Rrdften uno nod Wabsabe ieiner
egensn Dfttel begeiteuert uno aud anbere ssreunbe
uno gefannte 0es Gaters oes iuneen Mannes su
pefnnldrer pile beuogen; aber irn1er febIe mod
stne namhaite Summe. uno ct tuenoe fida nit Der
Anfraee an 5reunb 5obn. Oh bieier nidbt 6ies @elo
Inperjlnslid portreden moqe. BIG einit BEL beerem
giud uno reformrtem QebensnanbeI g6min I'M
Sfanee ieii, tueroe. beie ghreni&uIb ob3utraeen.
- Gelas nethobilder Batter bate in geipobnter
gSeie iene Helolution ouf oiefen Brief aeidrieben
melde tolsenbermaBen Iautete: .Die einaesoaene1
| ertunoignnaen iber ben Stub. 6. b $. baben ne.
9at,ns Heilltate eteeben; io9 elm biiolufer unsu.
oeraifaer Menfd iein. QBin ibm aber eine ebrIi.
DE probe q6nnen; Sblr. 200. = an 9ee..99otb D.
p: abgelanot ON l9.; tperbe lie mobl ME wieber
ieben s. protesirtoen Club in auffo0enber Weiie
"Sies riatet ben iunaen Mann in BelIa's Nuaen." !"
murmelte bic @tiftsoame. ni4t obne eir,e aepiiie
Anwanolnng. BON S4aoenfreube, ale he ben Brief
uno Die Hanbbemerfuna aeleien. x@eidiebt aber
Dem ttolten GERM ,. Sirfdfelot san3 rebt!"
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
O. & st. Paul Railroad.

We invite the attention of our readers
along the line of the proposed North and
South road, from Victor to tho north line
Of Tama and Benton counties, to ansarti-
Gle which we reprint elsewhere from the
Independence Bulletin. Articles SINH
vinton papers, which we are prevented
from copying only by their length. Th ese
articles say in substance that commit
tee, consisting OF Messrs. w. II. Wheeler
and Amos Dean ofBlairstown, have visited
Vinton to secure funds to deiray the ex-
pense Of surveying the o. & st. Paul road
by way of Marengc, Blairstown, Vinton
and Independence; that their information
was that the route already surveyed is
good one north of Belle Plaine, but not so
favorable south; that for 5000, to be equal
ly divided between Iowa, Benton and
Buchanan counties. they will survey
new line.-Blsirstown has raised $3.50 of
the amount and leading men Of Indepen-
denoe and Marengo have guaranteed their
qnota. The articles further urge that it is
not for the interest Of Vinton that new
towns should be built up along the west
line ofthe county, further circumscritiug
the trade of that town; and that if the road
is not located by way of VintOn, it will
certainly so by way OF Belle Plaine and
Waterloo.
From these indications and others which
we cannot now state at length, it is appar-
ent that the county seat towns of Iowa,
Benton and Buchanan are making Wig
orous effort to divert the o, & st. p. road
from its original, most direct and natural
line 20 as still further build up their
towns, and render tributary to them tho
surrounding country, This, ofcourse, the
people of those Places have a right to at
Tempt to do, in a fair and honorable way.
.uuttf we relax any needed effort to secure
ha loft IN t,.sa iny ~ . k,n
line ofthe preliminary survey, shall we
not bs blind 10 our own interests and de.
serve the decay in growth and business
which VIII follow the diversion to other
points of those advantages now within our
grasp ?--Belle Plaine Union.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
How the News was Received
in st. Louis.

s.My sympathics are with Prussia.
France is all wrong; all wrong, sir,
depend upon 1t; and she will have all
Europe against hor, remarked A.
ssZe diable she will! Veil. suppose
she duz, sair; France vipps 20 whole
continent sairl Oui, sair, Vive la
FranceF B. sm
"Petter 20 schlow a leddle tell you
hears from Peesmark. Peesmark is
ter gott tamtest gerschwlnt schlaeter
ever you tit seel Peter go schlow a
leddlep put in G..
"Weil, gentlemen, | amt much in
terested no how, but I'll jest bet a
Xxx greenback that Uncle Sam can
lick 'em both quicker'n q yeller Jhon-
ny kin whisk the pigtail," said D.,
with both thumbs stuck in the arm
holes of his vest, and huge strut
visible all over his person.
aHif old Hingland rises up hin it,
hit'll be a d I'd short Job; but hoth.
erwise Napoloon's bound to be whip.
ped, because he's got a bloody Hirish.
man to lead his army" ventured +.
"By that same tokea he'll win ev.
cry fight thin, and here's the dscent
looking, money that sez SO, be gor'
rah |" exclaimed f., shaking q huge
roll of bran new national bank notes
under E's nose.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
The Difference.

While the Democrats Of Iowa were
in session yesterday, in Convention,
the Republicans Of Ohio were also at
the samo hour holding their State
Convention, and while Iowa demo-
Gratis were silent as the grave upon
the great interests involved in the
terrible conflict Of arms now raging
in Europe, the Republicans of Ohio
did not forget then, who were their
friends in the dark days Of the re-
belliop, and the following resolution
was introduced in the Convention.
and passed, amid storms OF applause:
Resolued, That, according to our
national policy Of neutrality, tho
American people look with profound
indifference upon the European con.
troversy regarding tho dynasty in.
terest merely contained in the pres.
ent struggle between France and Ger
many, only so far as tho same in
wolves the great principle ofliberty,
and while we remember that the
great uprising Of 1848, failed ofsuc.
cess mainly for want of Germanio
union, that during our recent nation
al trial the people of Germany sup
ported our cause with sympathy and
material aid, while the army ofFrance
was endeavoring to subvert q repub
lie on this continent, and establish in
its stead an empire there in, we can
not refrain from declaring our sym
pathy with the present heroic efforts
OF tho Germans to establish, maintain
| and defend their national unity.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
Here's Another.

We clip the Following ccmplimen-
tary notice from Capt. Henry's kco-
sauqua Republican:
At Ottumwa we RECEIVED a HaUh
eue soelcome. The tables were spread
with all that could tempt the palate
with a taste in decoration that eau
scarcely DO excelled-and it is only
necessary to say that Ballingall was
catuer, when all in this part Of Iowa
will understand that it was ,ceil done.
Gen. Hedrick was there and q part OF
the committee. and this insured II
hearty welcome-other members of
tho committee OF reception doing
their full share in entertaining tho
250 guests of the city. Many were
quartered in private houses. and by
this means became well acquainted
with the citizens, and will not seon
sorget the hearty welcome they re-
ceived. 1t was the good fortune of
the REPUBLICAN family to find quar-
.ters ut the house Of Mrs. DR.. Woods,
whose generous hospitality and the
kindly welcome OF her estimahlc fam.
lily will not soon be forgotten
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
Reported Discomfort.

1t is said that some of our citizens
in this city are SO dissatisfied in ref.
erence to the republican nominations
for Supervisors, that they squint at
boiling slightly. We have not heard
this ourselves, but it is asserted that
q few.,persons indicate that such will
DO the case.
This is oil bosh-no good republican
it seems to US, can pursue SO suicidal
q course. 1t is utter folly to talk
about such q thing-it must not be,
and we are satisfied will not be. If
anybody has talked that way, it was
when their feelings wore a little
aroused because Center township did
not succeed with her candidate. A
little sober reflection will correct all
such improprieties. The nominees
are good men, and should receive
every republican vote in the county.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18

"a
BREAKING UP oF. A VILE DEN BY A
VIGILANCE CoMMITrEE.-Our city has
been cursed, for year or more, With
a gang of thieves and desperate char.
acters, who found refuge upon the
Illinois side of the river. An old
barge had been converted into Q float
ing brothel which was familiarly
known as ethe gunboat," and moor
ed at the Illinois shore, below East
Burlington. The people OF Hender-
son county, tired OF the insults and
robberies of the gang, and tho foul
blot upon their good name, and find
ing no legal recourse available, or
ganized vigilance committee of
about sevcnty-6ve men, who came to
East Burlington yesterday, deter
mined to 'clean out" the establish.
ment. Their coming having been
made known to the inmates Of tho
boat, it was removed to Big Island,
The vigilance committee upon finding
their game had flown, procured tho
ferry boat Flint Hills, and . portion
of the force embarked thereon, swhile
the remainder stationed themselves
along. tho Illinois shore. The ap-
proach of the naval force Of the vigi-
sant committee was discovcredby the
pirates in time to permit them to cut
loose again and start for the Sunny
South. The ferry boat did not pnr-
sue--the force aboard contenting it.
self with a parting exchange of pistol
and gun-shots, creating for the time
quite scene.
Thus the city becomes grea,
gamer through the honest indigna
ton and yigilant efforts OF our neigh
bors across the river. Well donel--
Bmliayton Haukeye. SIS
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
Denorallzed.

About ono tenth of tho counties
in the 5th Congressional District had
solemncholy and lugubrious demo-
cratic delegates in conolave at Des
Moines, yesterday, who passed the
following resolution, took a MP, and
then. like the Arabs, silently folded
their tents and stole away:
"ReSotced, That this Convention
make no nomination of u candidate
for Congress, but that we plodge our
selves to unite with the people against
the Office. holders of the District in
support of any Candidate who will
pledge himself to..advocate and main
tain the principles Of reform enuncia.
ted"
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
! A Funny Dodge.

In the contest in Tama county be-
tween the respective candidates for
Congress the enemies of Judge l.ough.
ridge attempted, it would seem, q lit
tie swindling game. The day be-
fore the election of delegates in sew
eral precincts, letter purporting to
have been written by Lieut.. Need
ham, Of the Herald, and P. NJ. at Os-
kaloosa, was circulated among tho
people, in which it was vouched for
that the story about Mr.. Loughridge
selling the Post Office was true. Tho
Judge having no means at hand to
determine the question whether the
letter was genuine or not, told his
friends that hc could only say that
he did not believe Mr.. Needham ever
wrote the letter, and that if he did he
had basely and wilfully lied. The
Judge on his return to Oskaloosa
questioned Mr.. Needham upon the
subject, and Neodham said he had
never written any such letter nor
any letter at all upon the subject.
Will the enemies of Judge Lough-
ridge never cease their .ungentle-
manly, tricky, aud rascally, at
tempts to defeat Mr.. Loughridge !?
We have again and again deplored
the bitterness Of this contest between
Republicans, and, for the sake of har-
mony, we have frequently kept silent
where it may be we ought to have
spoken out. 1t is burning shame
that this canvass has been conducted
by certain parties upon such guerrilla
principles, and We trust that the good
sense of the republicans of the dis
triot will 10 frown upon it's authors
snd send them.into retirement, that
the thing will never again be repeat
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
What Junkin Saws.

Jankip, the good looking editor
Of the Fairfield Ledger, has this to
say of what he saw, and OF what he
partly was ut Our editorial blow ont:
The people of Ottumwa were over
flowing with hospitality aud good
cheer on the occasion. Where all
done well, VIC are not going to draw
any invidious comparisons by men
tioning names. Carriages were in
waiting to convey guests to private
houses and to the cars at the expense
of her citizens. At night one Of the
most sumptuous banquetsw ever
80. down to was spres0 in Taylor&
Blake's Hall by that prince Of cater
ers, P. q. Ballingall, Of thC 6a ssall
House. Ottumwa has several editors,
three or four preachers, and two or
three lawyers, but che has only ono
Ballmgail. Even now, as we think
of the good things set before us in
such lavish profueiop, we cannot re.
sist the longing for the flesh pots ol
Peter. just think Of sitting down Ia
o table and eating and drinking all
you want Of one hundred and twenty
five varieties Of ediblcs and liquids
The city of Ottumwa drew pretty
good sized elephant when it got SO
many hungry editors, but we know
of no city in Iowa that could have
provided so well and elegantly for
the elephant. The iberality and
neighborly conduct Of it's citizens
was the theme of conversation among
the excursionists, ard will continue
to be. At 9 o'clock in the evening
an address of welcome was made by
bis Honor, Mayor W. B. Littleton,
which was responded to by John =.
Irish, the Vice-president OF tho Iowa
Press Association.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
Iowa to Kansas.

On the occasion OF the editorial
reception ut Leavenworth the other
night; Matilda. Fletcher delivered
the following beautiful and appro-
pirate poem.
Iowa sends greeting. o, Kansas. to-day,
Glad blessings that never shall cease.
From her garlands of thought she would
gather for thee.
Rare blossoms of love and peace,
From tlcdawn Of thy life, thy own faithful,
With the heart offowa hath met;
She knelt through the long bitter night of
thy woe Il
with sisters fond tears of regret,
And when the dim rainbow Of hope in the
sky
Was merged in the sun Of SUCCESS,
And destiny fair as her own wandered down
Thy blossoming being to bless.
Her Joy was surpassed by no joy but thine
own.
Her love held thee sacred and dear;
She crowned Freedoms own rescued darling
at once.
Her pride, her delight, and her peer,
Believing thee all that Is noble and good,
Her faith never wanes to distrust,
She delights in thy strength, she exults in
Thy nag never trailed in the dust.
Aye greeting,. glad greeting, Iowa bath sent
From the debth of her joy and her love
May Goa grant success prosperity, peace.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18

Otlumwa is the town OF southern
Iowa. Fortunately situated on the
lines of the D. V. and b, Il Nj. Rail
roads, her prospects of becoming the
leading city and the metropolis of
largo scope of country, are very Hat.
tering. Her citizens are wide awake
and enterprising-and take pride in
showing their young city tothe stran-
ger who chances to pass that way
The North Missouri Railroad has
Just reached her (Ottnmwa,) making
her the very gate Of all Iowa. With
her enterprise and liberality that
now surprises her citizens, We look
for great things for her IN the future.
-Marshdl Adrdnce.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18

q
/ FACTS AND FIauREs Porto G.
Welch is not only a poet Of the first
water, but he is manipulation of fig
ures, with few equals and no superIors
living. He has issued 4 card show.
ing 1850 votes in this Congression-
al District not cast at the last elec-
tion, and as this number slightly ox-
ceeds the majority Judge Loughridgo
received the last time, he expects
that now they will all rally to the
standard of Smith, and elect him to
Congress with several thousand to
spare.
Let Delmar the great uStitactician"
look well to his laurels, Or else he will
be figured out of his boots by this
rising western ready reekoner.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
Republican Ticket.

The republicans Of Nebraska have
just trotted out the following excel
lent ticket:
For Congress Hon. John Taffe.
Governor-David Butler.
State Treasnrcr-Henry A. Koen-
ing, Of Hall county.
Secretary Of State-W. II. James,
Of Dakotah county. I
Attorney General-W. III. Roberts.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18

"A girl in Chester, Vermont, has
died from tight lacing. These cor
sets should be- done away with, and
if the girls can't live without being
squeezed, we suppose men can be
found who would sacrifice themselves.
As old as we are, we had rather de-
vote three hours day, without a
cent Of pay, assbrevet corset, than to
sec the girls die off in this manner.
Office hours almost any Gin
cinndtig Times. b Ii
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18

Bulwer says that property is only
an idea, nine casos out OF ten. Some
mon with $4,000 q year suffer more
for want Of money than others with
$500. The reason is, the richer man
has artificial wants. His income is
$4,000, and he suffers enough for
being dunned for unpaid debts to kill
q sensitive man. A man who earus
dollar day and does not run IN
debt, is the happier of the two. v ry
few people who have been rich s'll
believe this, but it is true. 7
are thousands and thousands b
princely incomes who never kno' y
moment of peace, because they nve
above their means. There is really
NOR ;idppi- II the world .mong
the working people ta.,a amo. = those
who are called rich.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
johnson County.

! The following are the delegates TO
the Congressional, Convention from
johnson county. One of them ut
least is known to favor Judge Lough-
ridge, to-wit: Judge Lusc, but the
vote Of the delegation will be com
.pliaentarily cast for their own cour-
,ty candidate, Hon. Rush Clark
s. j. Kirkwood, r. s. Finkbine, T.
N. Bambury, John PARROT, d. Stew
art, q. G. Luse and /. ]. Barnes. Il
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
ORDERS SOLICITED.
What . Knoxvillian Says.

Capt. Mccormack, the able and
genial editor of the Knoxville Dem
ocrat, says Of our reception, &C.:
"On entering the hall we were
struck with amazement-ifi it is pos
sible for an editor to be amazed at
anything,-at tho grand collation.
spread out before US. Four tables
about IS feet each were loaded with
everything that mind could think of.
Meats, Wines, Cake, &C., &C., in the
greatest profnsion, ,--all under the
direction of Pete Ballingall, with
walters in full dress. and the pleasing
countenances of fair ladies, added
not little to the entertainment.-
Until ii O'Clock the rafting of knives
and forks and the popping of corks
kept time to the conversation Of the
guests. Twelve Ioasts were read
after the supper was over, which
were responded to by gentlemen
present.
At a late hour the company began
to scatter, and not until tho wee
small hours Of morning was Ottum.
wa at rest.
1t is proper to say a word about
Ottumwa. Daring tho last few years
the city has improved in appearance,
business ard wealth, with great rap
idity. Situated upon beautiful site
Its hills and mounds oil covered
with beautiful and substantial dwell
ings It's streets all throngcl with
business, and the unmistakablc spar
kle Of tho eyes of her people denoting
energy, intelligence and within
presses the most casual observer with
the fact that destiny has marked out
this spot as the seat of great city.
Already several railroads centre here,
and others are in contemplation
Wo believe that it will be the most
important city in Southern Iowa, tar
outstripping those on the Mississippi.
3 s -
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1870-08-18
Outside Comment.

The Davenport Gazette, in half
column leader, on tho 10th inst,
reads the press Of the Fourth Con
gressional District . lecture, on pro-
priety, in reference to the manner Of
conducting the Congressional con
test. Among other things in that
article, the Gazette says: :ass
"1t is gratifying to note, however,
that within the past three or four
weeks there has been marked cessa.
sation in the public manifestations Of
this personal warfare. Wes see no
repetition now in the colnmns of the
press Of the Fourth District Of the
Orwig ISLANDERS Of Gov. Stone"
Now we have oil along deprecated
the malignancy of the attacks which
has been made upon Judge Lough-
ridge, and have sought to keep down
bad blood in the contest, - we be-
lieve every organ Of Mr.. Longhridge
has done throughout, and we here
state that to the best Of onr knowl
edge, and we have examined the pa.
pers very carefully, not a paper in the
district opposing Gov. Stone has pub.
lished one single article from tho Des
Moines Bulletin. The Gazette does
the Loughridge papers Of the dis
trict great injustice when it declares
by inference that thov have been
republishing the charges against
Stone made by Orwig. These papers
have done nothing ofthe kind. For
weeks in succession the columns Of
the Bulletin were full of charges
against Stone, and afidavits in sup-
port of them, but no paper in the dis
trict rehashed these things toits read
r :but carefully and very properly
as we think avoilcd doing So
Hence the Gazette gives On unfaith-
full history of the course of those pa
pers favorable to the nomination Of
Mr.. Loughridge. His friends have
been content to meet the base char
ges made against the Judge
without replying by counter charges.
We insist that the Gazette. is not deal
ing justly with tho friends Of Lough.
ridge to berate them for the bitter
ness of the fight. The blame lays at
the doors of the partisans of some
other candidate or candidates.