The New York herald., 1870-04-18


tnan even about women. TINS Is good evidence OF
proficiency.
There Is great deal OF suspense at this time re-
TIE CAMBRIA AND sAPPHo
Ia the English Cnannel, which was stipulated 20
take place ABOUT the lst OF May, Mr. AsnDnry agree
ine " DC ready on the l2ta OF April. Three races
arr 10 0e sailed, sixty miles dead TO wfndward ana
BACK, III the Channe-nJ condlt,ous or time allow
ances. Each race 10 be fer nty guinea cup. ihree
return races are 60 DC sailed Long Island Soanu
IN, ~ Ausus.. M Inc Cambria has been put III readess @
ior tno event; her bulwarkS nave Dccn raiseu, hor
scuppers nave been enlarged more Dal asst mas Deeh
s.oweu IN ner nun and her spars nave peen i4pS ,
IONS New York CluD measurement; s loz ieet rom
forward part OF sCem and Dowsprl. 10 after part oi
tie neau vi stern post; has Dreautn over al VI -
Ieet and deprn Of mold OF II feet
Inc aappno Is oi IA tonnage, on the American
nouel, Wish rigging, sparriag aia ui,nehs.ons @ SO W
tive merits OF the vessels In one particular alone
that Is winch sails the best close-haued IN chop
plng anu unusual seaway. Ihe tideways and cnr-
renIs ana locai disturbing influences, wiil to
tam eXIent have tnen bearing u9on the result.
We're the vessels equal IN every sense then success
would hinge upon good pilot and expert seaman
snip.
between the Cambria and Dauntless IS now
universa, theme OF discussion. IL - rutlul topic
and OF course is looked upon as an International
contest. There IL one feature tnat makes 1t attrac
tive 10 the eederal puolic namely, no 'condtious.n
Tue 1eeiing Is justly assuming righteous proportions
tnaC matches should not be tramnlelied BY purely
>aGbitra aad technical conaiionS Tor al
rules Oh measurement and theories to size
auu consequent speed are IIuJy Tne belief
Is that IN tne relmlnaries OF the vessel tnlJ
gets the better oil tue 'conditions' maniiestiy
talns the better OF the contest rms Is pleasant
To contemplate Allowances may be SO tortured
tnat q lasG yacht may De pea.ea oy canyassad
snail The dlilerenee betwcel tue Dauntiess und
Cambria IS ouiy twenty tons, and tnl5 amounts 10
ltile compared with neir difference Of ines spars
ana sails. 30 the pubic may De congratulated tnaG
the nrst great International race Is 10 he sailed,
To rv me encacy oi opposing systems OF measure
ment, but 10 test speed, possibly, rapidiLy IN
beating 10 wlndward, sailing win free wlnd and
seaworthiness according 10 the pleasure oi the
winds and waves. ne race wa DC keenly watched
by lue clvnizeI wOrid.
Amer the care ANA fine Judgment that Will be ex-
pended IA tie outnttlng the logoooSs win be vaaa-
DE To every seaman and the slisntest incident III the
passage wlli 6e carelu!ly weighed. About the 14tn
Oh July, hundred miles from tnis port, the VIII
be densely populated by y marine CITY, Ine wlte
aud black nuns oI pretty yachts Will cruise "a
chosen surface aud mark tue outlines OF nautical
naDhatlon Waicn wiI nc bult upon such insecure
foundations tnat me moment the Cambria ana Danni
less eevate theIr penants aoove tne norizol the
young coi0ny VIII ny rom It's circular leiu % chase
away anxiety and Overtake the representatives OF
Engand and America. Commodore Voorlls Will
aI tnat iine ana steamers ana vessels now nalieess
VIII participate III the SC ne The ocean race Is 10
yachting IN lo7O tue opening gun, aud after ITS dis
charge look out Tor the dying artilleIy.
MEASUREMENT
is founded upon simple principles, but Is misunder
stoou Is not the same In different countries, aud has
been very strangely applied III Engaud 10y the Royal
lacnt CLUB. 3elOre yachting can be cosmopolitan
arbitrary systems must be uenationailzed. In this
country the Old Custom House measurement and
That OF the New York Yacht CluU are IDENTICAL
Tonnage by TINS rule consists OF the product found
by the multiplication OF the LENGTH breadth OF
beam aud depLn or mold. Tnis gives the cuDlcal
contents. TO reduce 1t to tons this product Is
divided by nlnety-hve, the number OF cuDlcal leet
in u ton, and the result measures the vessel.
Inis Is very plain. The Thames measurement Is
iound by multiplying the length by the breadth OF
beam aud then multiplying the product ny nalf the
breaocn OF beam, tnus assuming that the depth OF
hold Is always half the beam. TINS Is very erroneous
ANA very aosurd as wen very unjust. The divisor
Is nluety-UVe. III America. In American SWALLOW
models the depth OF mold reaches 0ne-half the
beam, as 1t does in the deep English yachts. Thus
measurement OF the Royal CLUB makes our vessels
appear much larger than tley are aud actually
measures a large schooner as a sloop-ol. war; On
thlS system the shaOwer the vessel the worse Tor
America; the deeper the hold the better for Eng and
and In these distinctive features is found the precise
difference between American yachJs on the one
nand ana Engiisn yachts on the other. BY decision
OF The New YORK YacIL Club Mr.. AshDury Will have
to Contend for the cup Of 1851 by our measurements
The New custom House measurements figures the
exact IuDlcal contents OF the vessel, which, OF
course makes tonnage very Intricate computation.
MODELLING
is exciting no small degree OF attention. ana this
consideration lies at the bottom, botn 1guratvely
and actually, OF high speed, saoiity, buoyancy aud
tue quality Of being smart Ia stays. We rejoice
this season there will De several new experiments
ana lnaL tney wlll all rebound 20 the advantage Of
naval archUecture. Sucn u courageous spirit, eX-
penslve as Its Indulgence 49, deserves encourage
ment. lt IS the only channel to victory.
The general reader may imagine that yacht con-
strucuon Is SIMPLY ordinary mecnanlcs reduced 10
an accurate science by the rue OF three easily
compassed by "a Dret knowledge OF the CONC sec.
tons or the relative laws OF fluids and solids. THIS
all wrong. Theory-educated Ineory-is good, Dut
it must De sustained by practice and experience.
IL WpUld be abStra to suppose q graduate from
Yale, aiter stuulous examination OF Aristotle ana
Plato, could command on the deck or man OF war
and it would be nearly AZ wide OF the mark to
believe that tJro can set up yacht on the stocks
that would be anything but an abortion In the
water.
THE suBTLETIEs OF DESIGN
and building are very numerous, very complicated,
and lntertwlne with each other In such u way tnat
one depends upon the otner. To secure Just and
accurate balance OF the requisites IS the incest
problem for The solution OF the builder In yachts
1t Is more difficult than Ia any other species OF
strucClon.
A steamer has her propeller aft, and ner main
propulsion depends upon the opposing action Oi
Two forces in the same cement With a yacht the
resistance Is n one element. the motive power IN
anotner-the relations OF water and wind. COmpii.
cat!on thus Dcgets yacht In design. The America
was The most successful OF all our yachts III her day
She had sharp bows and the greatest beam twotrds
her length from the sternpos. Her salts were set
HAT. she drew seven feet more AFT than forward,
was buoyant, ready TO ner helm and rode the
English yachts-sch0Oners ana cutters--cOrre
sponding to our schooners and sl00ps, deep and
narrow ours are oroad and shallow. They cut The
water; we pass over IT, Their yachts bury in the sea-
ours buoy upon Its waves. Construction involves the
relative situation of the centre or gravity buoyancy
and appned force. Ihe centre OF gravity IL the
centre OF the vessels weight; the centre OF buoy.
ancy the centre or displacemens which IL consa
changing its position at every marked evolution OF
the craft. Beug III the centre OF tue immersed part
OF the ves-ei ptcl throws 1t forward, a roll
one acting downward, the other upward, and are
regulated by ballast. either slowed In the hull OF
secured TO the keel. by widening vessel without
Increasing her depth the stability IL ncreased ior
II vessel tends toward her beam ends the centre OF
buoyancy Is to ieeward OF the centre OF gravity and
the llItng power to leeward and the downward
weight to wlndward mutually assist each oiner &c
right her.
LATERAL RESISTANCE
Is also very important consideration and bears a
liked relation 70 the applied f0rce-the wind. The
more difficult vessel Is to move forward the
more resistance is necessary to prevent leeway,
and this is general principle Then there
is q question as TO the shape OF her bows whether
they should be 0luf or fne as to her lines, whether
followed or iat as 10 her greatest breadth OF BEAM
as to her depth OF hod as TO the Inclination or the
rudGer; to ballasted keels to Overhangs ait;
as to her greater immersion ait than forward: as
to the employment OF the various resisting forces
very scientific problem; as to the drag OF water
aft its disposition forward and amdshps; to the
angle made by the sides at the Keel; ana to decide
all these disputed points with success and still OBJ
tam good Interior cabin accommodations should
entitle a man to o tomb III Westninstey Abbey and
bIgf Gam nj Iae