The New York herald., 1870-04-22

roaring cannon are TO make the ancient hnis wake
III lear.
The Senatorial election In Mnas Geraes Is gong
as almost every Que expected tue is' o slA DeAig
all conservative. Even the nra~''" % %
least two-lhirds. But ths IL tue eHect oi the
thorough rottenness OF the ifanchise sys.ein mere
which all parties admit out taAe care 70 MAINTAIN.
The land harry whica no,ced IN my last Will nelp
give idea OF now Brazilian society Is organized
The pardes dlspatng are TWO OF the Legitimate
influences rs Lae slang oil Brazilian poitcs has IL,
owSas large R,e estates b ra aoS aoSu' mule oays
relationship they are respectively uncle aud
nephew by connection they are Drothersn-aw.
the uncle having married his nepnew's sister
10 keep the lanily property condensed. B0tA are
very wealthy aud very powerful; besides immense
landed property ana hundreds OF slaves tney own
yes own the flung w0rd-hunureds OF tenants.at-
VIA squatted on their estates, whom they can turn
or at moiuent notice; wnon tney protect from
justice, u requfed VINO Ia return Ior protection,
are ready Tor ythinR IRON tErasnng parish priest
10 shooting Judge, and VINO are usually national
guards ana voters. Besides TINS lower stratum or
dependents, eacn Legitimate iunueacen keeps an
open taole and aways narbors number OF bacnelQrs
ahd DOCTORS at law, magistrates even judges ana
general or provincial deputes and similar pauper-
Led gentlemen oaiers wno nye upon nun,
execute ms commands or Wishes anu. besides
forming his court when at houle attend him
wherever lie goes, as KIND OF sulte or gentleman
BODY guard. And IN addition, he IS looked upon
BY the "amiyn as KIND cnlef OF The clan, whom
they are oound 10 serve with or against Tie law;
the patron returning the service Wnen required
Such 'lnnuences' are nearly omnipotent Ia ther
district.
Consider, however, a state OF society where the
voters, and the lower strata generally are virtual
slaves TO the land aud negro arstocracy, yet where
the government ny us command 0i the police and
national guard It's appointments OF almost every
0lcai IN tne province It's command OF the judiciary.
Ny lndlrec direct ers, lts position as Judge oI
the validity Of state aud county elections It's
power 10 dismiss county oIhcais, almost every ma.
glstrate ana some OF the judges, Can, at
It's will, completely Overwnelm local ln1u-
ence and by pressing Tor tne army ,,. arpi.
trary, unchecked uraftngs or the militia
To distant months. and EQUALLY drDIlfdry
trumped up prosecutions, force the unfortunate
voters 10 20 directly against the WIZ Oh tle ais
tOcracy on wn0m they are 30 uependeut. lmagine
what state OF political and social society could
exist unaer such circumstances and you nave true
picture OF Brazilian lIOere5 as enjoyed oy tAe mud
sills OF the nsitutiOal Empire" In one region
Oi RIO Grande SUI Inere are 4O00 nationai guards
reiuged IN tae woods Or tue Argentine territory,
order 10 command the elections III that strOn2hoid
of liberalism and req uulicanism.
Independent or the state 10 which electioneerlng
agencies nave reduced them anu ln.reRaru 10 winch
u distinguished ilberal says Ia u just pnDished
pampnet That in the northern provinces II would he
very much easier 30 call the people together III
armed revolt than 10 induce them 10 contest an elec-
ton with the government, Tie whoe VI tne pro-
vinces from MaranlaO 10 EsDirilo Santo exclusive
very suffering state from the effects Oi the
drought, now two years steady IN many parts.
Whole districts are furnishing yet II is very dihcuit
10 get food sent TO them on account OF the generai
want 0i forage and water, and as the planting sea-
sou has been without ram II ID reared tnat matters
WIN 20 Oh from worse 10 worse
Emancipati0ns OF chiidren continue to be the ORDER
Of the day In The northern PROVINCES ana the im-
pulse seems un0lminisninR Even IN the province
vi kio JanelrO some gentlemen have subscribed
81 900 To make little emancipation celebration. On
the 0tner hand Rio imported 667 slaves nom the
Northern provinces during January ana February TO
hii vacancies caused 6y tue great mOrtdity steadily
going on upon tue plantations, and which liSsli
would eSterminate slavery IN ABOUT "a century.
The Custom House receipts FOR tne quarGer cnding
December 81 last year were $40, 1Os, 81 OF whlcd
IS, 2og,3J0 we're from Imports and 81 s2U 700 from
exports Compared with the same quarter OIL 1867
tnere Is an increase OF s3So COO IN the export duties
and OF .3.45U O9U IN The import duie5 but thls last
increase arises manly, II not totally from tue I'M
uense cearanees elected last December, 10 altici
paCe the increased duties anu storage dues sonS on
AZ Aew Years DAY.
Since the war news exchange has risen to 2o>s
for bank uiuety-day bills 10 the mirees, anu
severe gns have dropped from $4,000 TO llH3Jo.
Two iinI Oriant concessions have Just been
granted. One Is to company TO be organized by
hessrs. Stephen Busx Co. and Engineer KeDOucas
to construct an import anu an export
uock, win repairing dock, warehouses; &c,
ana railroad communication with tue Dom Pedro IL.
Ealroai, III the GamDUa ana Saude inletS OF the
port vi Rio. The capital IS 10 be So 900 900 ana the
concession to oe for ninety years, ai.er which the
worAs be ,ong to the nation Ine company Is TO oe
isled i've years and the other in ten years Ine
charges may be the same as those IN the Custom
,iOuss dock.
The olner concession is to Sir Charles Bright, f.
Il. Webb and am L. Jones, 10 lay submarine
telegraph cable IRON Para 10 RIO Grandc do sui,
VITA branches TO all the maritime provinces. The
concession Is "a cable monopoly Tor sixty years but
VIII not piejudce land lines. The whole line must
be at work wlti!In two years. After ten years the
government may buy the lines at an arbilrated
price, and ut tue end OF the sixty years the whole
falls TO the government. peculiar Stipu atlOn OF
the government s tnat all the teiesraphsLs shall be
appointed ny the government though PAID by the
company
In Dutn concessions 1t is stipulated that repre-
sentative shall reside In Brazii TO receive service or
suits, and thai The Brazilian courts snail Aaye e'ul
plete jurisdiction.