davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
recover.
CHICAGO.
Indian Fighi-ItaIinn Celebration

Indian Fighf-Itnlian Celebration.
CHICAGO, June 9.-Dispatches from
Fort Mcpherson state that Lieutenant
Thomas, with part of a company Of the
9TH cavalry, gained victory over a
party of Indians who ran off several
head of horses near that post. He sur
prised their camp after hard chase of
over sixty miles, recaptured all the stolen
stock and thirty-three head of horses of
the Indians; killed three Indians, wound
ed several, destroyed their camp and
captured blankets, buffalo robes, saddles
and camp equipage. His command had
nothing to eat for two days, and were on
the march constantly.
The anniversary of the PRONUNCIATION
of the Constitution of Italy was cele-
brated yesterday by the Italian citizens
at their hall. Hon. G. l., Sella, the
Italian consul, Joseph Ribari, President
of The Italian society of Chicago, W. A.
Riaboli, A. +. Ghao, and others, made
sneeches
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
EXCITING INDIAN NEWS.
PROSPECT OF SERIOUS Diff
CULTIEs ON THE PLAINS.

Views Of General Pepe--The Hands
of the Military Ticd-Partieulars
Of the Recent Outrnges-The MUIR
ders AT Bear Creek StatiOn-nid-
night demonstrations - a Grand
Council. etc.
From the St. Louis Republican. sth.l
The condition of affairs in the Indian
Territory south Of the Arkansas river
seems to point to the Inauguration Of a
serious Indian war The Cheyennes,
Arrapahoes and Kiowas are restless, and
the leading chiefs are opposed to being
removed 20 the new agency. Large
numbers of Indians have left the reserya-
ton. and the result has been several
predatory attacks on Government trains,
mail stations, and the laborers on the Pa
cilic railway, as has been already an-
nounced in our Geographic dispatches.
General Pope is Undertaking IN the
expression oil the opinion that as long
as the tribal relations Is recognized, in
which the Governmental treats with Indians
as with foreign nations, there can he no
permanent peace. Under the present
Quaker system be thinks the hands Of the
military are lied. They cannot Interfere
until an overt act is committed by the
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
CINCINNATI.
knights Tcmpiar List of Acct
dents. Al1s

knights Tcmpiar List of Acct
dents. i3h
CINCINNATI, June 9.-The knights
Templar of Covington have departed for
Louisville, Ky, to attend a session Of
the Grand Commandery of Kentucky
to-day
The ship-carpenters strike ended ON a
compromise of So. % per day.
About eight o'clock this morning a
slater named Geo. W. Jaynes, working
on the steeple of st. Paups NJ. L. Church,
was by the breaking of rope precipi-
tated from his position, distance of 10
feet, and killed instantly. His body was
not much mutilated his head only bear
ing marks of the fall. The deceased was
an Englishman, aged IS years. Heleaves
wife and five children.
A man named VIM. Jones, while out
in the suburbs cunning, yesterday, acct
dentally shot himself, inaicting fatal
injury.
Last night about II o'clock a boy
named Henry Ogden fell distance of
fifty feet through a hatchway Several
bones we're broken. He may possibly
racnver
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
RLnrcHEs OF PRESCRIPTION

Should the Appeal again refer to the
anti-D Democratic attitude which has been
assumed by Mr.. Gates, of the West Ten
nessee Wing, and particularly notice his
aIlusion to the Appeal, will it entirely
overlook this slur of the Avalanche
which appeared in connection with Mr.
Gates ariicisf
"The reader will observe that Nr.
Gates utters his sentiments frankly in
the spirit of good nature, animated by a
patriotic soul untainted by the foul
bloiches of prescription.
This il the comment on "a reply to the
Appeal" sad the inference is very
strong that the " foul blotcbes Of pro-
scription were intended for that paper
This is merely en- PEASANT, however, as it
may have been overlooked at the time.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
Hoi FOR CONGRESS.

Our jefferson street contemporary
amuses itself with dashing enumera-
ton Of aspirants for Congress in this dis
trict. in which il shows disposition to
be quite facetious at their expense. The
article is notable for the omission OF
a particular would-be candidate. who
nigh, have been added to the list, and
whom il has been more than surmised
the Avalanche itself would be willing to
support. BY all means he should be
added 20 The list, and the peculiar merits
Of his preiensions made apparent along
with she rest. The other candidates
might be disposed TO git out Of the way,
.ole Dan Tucker" If Cob A. J. kellar
enters lie lists armed capapie. with
Beaumont for herald He l. too
modest BIZ half in Withholding his pre-
teusioos from the formidable array
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
:. Dixie''-fna History of the Old
Border Line.
From the Louisville Couricr,l

From the Louisville Couricr.i
A few years ago Mason and Dizons
line was a familiar politico-geographical
phrase. il is now almost forgotten, but
il mas be well for US to remember that
this boundary was so termed from the
names Of Charles Mason and jeremiah
Dixon, the gentlemen appointed to run
unfinished lines in 1861 between Penn
sylyania and Maryland,on the territoriee
subject 20 the heirs Of Penn and Lord
Baltimore. A temporary line had been
run in 1883. bat had not given satisfac-
ton TO the disputing parties. although Il
resulted from an agreement in 1893 be-
tween themselves. A decree had been
made in 1913, by King James, dehnea-
ting the boundaries between the lands
given by charter to the FIRST Lord Balti-
more, and those adiudged 10 his Majesty
lafferward to Pennl, which divided the
tract between the Delaware Bag and the
Eastern sea on one side and the Chesa
peake on the other, by line equally in
iersecting il, drawn from Cape Henlopen
TO the fourth degree Of north latitude. A
decree in chancery rendered the king
decree imperative But the situation Of
HenlOpen became long e subject of Sc
rious, proiracted and expensive litiga-
ton. particularly after the death ofPeDn,
in 1913, and Of Lord Baltimore, in I7l4,
all John. Richard and Thos. Penn who
had become the sole propriclors
of the American possessions of their
father. William, and Cecilius Lord Balti-
mere. grandson Of Charles, and great
grandson Of Ceeilius, the original pa
ier,;.e. entered into an agreement
on The 10th Of May. l772. To
this agreement chart was appended
which aseeriainei the site Of Cape Hen
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
aasm p LEGAL. -
sale Of Real Estate.

DY. VIRTUE OF A VENDITIONI EXPO
ID mas, issued from the Law Court Of Mem
phis. and to me directed in favor of David ii.
Todd and wife VS.. I. J.. Hicks and John
Cooney; Twill on 81
Monday, the 18th day OF June, 1870,
in front Of the Sheriff office. in the Greenlaw
Opera House Building, within the legal hours
prescribed by law, proceed to sell for cash TO
the highest bidder the following real estate,
to-wit A certain lot or parcel of land lying
and being in the city. Of Memphig, county of
Shelby. and State Of Tennessee, known and
described as follows Being part Of lot No. so,
beginning on Main street ut the corner of VIM.
Venus lot. and running thence north II feet
with Main ST., to a lot Of John Fox's; thence
east 66 f.. thence south q it.. to said Venus
lot thence 66 feet, to the beginning levied
ON as the property Of John Cooney, being the
property which Philip Doherty executed a
quit claim deed to John Cooney ON the 18th
day of July, 1860, which deed is recorded in
the Registers office of Shelby county, Ten
nessee, in book No; 45, page 10. Judgment.
MARCUS J. WRIGHT,
Sheriff Of Shelby County.
By Geo. r, Powell, Deputy Sheriff.
May "a, 1870. 1888
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09

Indians. The military may be cogni-
zant that arms and ammunition have been
procured, hostile Indians in secret coun-
ell have decided to 90 out on the war
path, yet with all this information the
military are powerless to Interfere and
prevent raid.
Full reports Of recent attacks have
been received at headquarters of which
the following is the substance
THE AFFAIRAT BEAR CREEK STATION.
On the last of May thirty-fve Indians,
stated by themselves to be Arrapahoes,
came to the mail station at Bear creek,
forty miles south of Fort Dodge, on the
road between Camp. Supply and that
post. The station was guarded by Ser
geant Murray of the Third u. S. Infantry
and four men. The Indians came to the
station in friendly manner, and after
cooking and eating for some time, all Of
them, excepting seven, rode away. The
sergeant had placed two of his men as a
guard over the arms of his party. The
other two men were in stable attached
to the mail station. The sergeant went
into the station house for some purpose,
and q moment afterward heard shots
outside. He rushed to the door, taking
mp an AK as he passed along. When
he reached the door he discovered that
the two men guardingthe arms had been
killed-one shot through the head, the
other through the heart He was imme-
diately fired upon by the Indians and
received seven arrow wounds, six on his
arm and one in his head The two men
in the stable ran out, one Of them armed
with pitch-fork, when the seven Indians
at once ran oil.
Major Kidd, of the 10th U. S, cavalry,
arrived at the mail station on the evening
of the same day this affair occurred, and
at once sent forward report of it to
General Brooks, commanding at Fort
Dodge, who sent out surgeon, with an
ambulance and an escort, to bring in the
wounded sergeant. This party returned
to Fort Dodge with Major Kidd in COM
mand on the morning of June LIST, bring
ing with them the sergeant who is nowin
hospital at Fort Dodge. The men who
we're killed were buried at Bear creek.
A NARROW ESCAPE.
Major Arms, 10th u. S. cavalry, on
his way from Fort Dodge to Camp Sup
ply on the 29th or 30th ult., was stopped
in his ambulance, having fallen behind
his escort, by large party of Indians,
who struck his mules with lances to stop
them, and threatened Major Arms, but
upon his telling them that large party
of soldiers were following him closely
they desisted, and Major Arms rejoined
his escort.
MIDNIGHT MURDER. as
Just previous to the departure of
Major Kidd, from Camp Supply, Mex
lean servant belonging to Brevet Lieut.
Col. Hart, Captain Sd Infantry, was
killed at night in his tent, it was sup
posed by some Indian lurking around
the camp.
About sixty mules belonging to Mr..
Tracy, trader at Camp Supply, aspire
viously telegraphed, were run off and
one man killed.
1t is stated that all the Indians have
left Camp Supply and the new Indian
agency on the Canadian
GRAND COUNCIL.
A grand council was recently held at
Antelope Hills by the Comanches,
Kiowas, Cheyennes, Arrapahoes and
Apaches, and some runners from the
Sioux. The result is not definitely
known.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09

lopen, and delineated a division by an
east and west line running westward
from that Cape to the exact middle OF
the peninsula. Lord Baltimore became
dissatisfied with the agreement, and he
endeavored to iirvalidate it. Chancery
suits, kingly DEGREES, and proprietary
arguments followed, which event
ualTy produced the appointment of
commissioners to run the temporary
line. This was effected in. 1879. But
the cause in chancery being decided in
1859, new commissioners were appointed,
who could not, however, agree, and the
question remained open till l76l, when
the line was run by Messrs. Mason and
Dixon
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
LEGAL.
No. 4IOs.l

mo. 4408.l
In the Chaneery Court Of Memphis,
Tennessee.
Bridget McGinty,l
VS..
John ID. Armour,
IT. APPEARING FROM AFFIDAVIT IN
/ thls cause that the defendant n non-resi-
dent Of the State Of Tennessee; it is therefore
ordered that he make his appearance herein,
az the Courthouse in the City Of Memphis,
Tepn,, ON OF before the first Monday in August.
$50, and plead, answer or demur TO complain
ants bill, or the same will be taken for con
fessed as to him and set for hearing exparte,
and that Q copy of this order be published
once week, for four successive weeks, in the
Public Ledger.
A. ASTON, Clerk and Master.
By X. j. BLACK, Deputy G. and NJ.
A Copy Attest; Randolph, Hammond 4
Jordan. Soils for Complainant. lS7-gS-se-105
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
MICHIGAN.
session of the Legislature CaIIe'

Session of the Legislature Called.
DETROIT, June 9-Governor Baldwin
has summoned the Legislature to meet
in extra session at Lansing, July 18th.
His proclamation Fepites the fact that
the late railroad aid decision has left q
large plumber of bonds in the hands of
innocent holders, on which the principal
and interest cannot be paid until some
validating action is taken in the form Of
constitutional amendment, which, In
the regular course, could not be submit
ted until 1873.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
INDIANA.

The journal ''-New Proprietor.
INDIANAPOLIS, June 9.-The new pro-
prietor of the Journal viii issue the first
paper on next Monday morning. The
managing editor will probably be W. p.
Fishback, a prominent lawyer in this
city, and brother Of George Fishback,
editor of the St, Louis Republican.
A heavy rain fell here yesterday. The
weather is cool and cloudy.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09

Mr.. Thomas Tardrew. of New York City, is
authorized to act as Northern advertising
agent of the PUBLIC LEDGER.
S. II. Parvin, General Advertising Agent,
Cincinnati, Ohio, is our duly authorized agent
to contract for advertisements.
Hudson, Menet 4 Gay. 1873 Dearborn street,
and Barnhart, Bros. K Co.. "a Madison street.
Chicago, will contract for advertisements for
ihie nannr.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
LOUISVILLE,
Assembling of knights TempIar.

HN7N HIUfEE's n. = =" = " - ~
LOUISVILLE, June 9.-The Knights
Iemplar, of Kentucky, have assembled
in this city, and are nov pafading the
streets; the assemblage is large and the
display very attractive. Public installa-
ton of grand officers takes place to-
night, after which Sir knight Rev W.
II. Plat delivers an Grafton.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
NEW YORK.
The Red Stockings 10 play the Ia
nous AtIauties.

New YORK, June 9-The Atlantics
have agreed to play the Red Stockings
on the terms proposed by the latter, on
the Capitalize grounds, Thursday next
The steamer Hanover, sailing to-day,
takes out 81 100000 in specie,
The European cables dispatches of to-
day have not come to hand owing to in
terruption Of the line
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
Attachment suit.
Stanton * Moore, !
VS..
VrrsrIs OIL

VS..
William Sloan.
VNHE DEFENDANT, WILLIAM SLOAN.
l. will please take notice that an attachment
issued against his estate for the sum of ono
hundred and six dollars and seventy cents.
debt due on account on file in this Court. upon
the grounds that the defendant is a non-resi-
dent Of the State of Tennessee. 1t is therefore
ordered that the defendant enter his appear
ance on or before the I'd day Of July. A. ID.
1870, to plead, answer or demur to the said
plaintiff complaint. or the same will be taken
for confessed, and the case set for hearing ex-
parte; and that a copy of this order be pub
lished once week for four consecutive weeks
in the Public Ledger.
SAMUEL A. MOORE, j. P.
June Sd, 1870. s2-Ss-9i- lbs
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
HOTEL.
HOUSE

100 AND Ill ADAMS ST., MEMPHIS.
z.H. whitemore. Proprietor; II. A. Blake
more, Clerk,
C,HOICE FAMILY ROOMS. FURNISHED
y and well ventilated. W.ibe let at vssy low
rates during the summer. Single rooms per
month, sS5-per week. sic; board without
room, per month. IS; transient. 3 per day.
Call land examine rooms before renting else
where. 8o-llo
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
REAL ESTATE.
LIE OR TRADE |!

FOR SALE OR TRADE
VlHE PARKER PLACE, ON RAYBURN
L avenue. with five acres of land. will be sold
on easy terms and long time; or l will ex
change it for desirable city property. Apply
to w. q. or X. A. PARKER,
Sh-N No. lo Mnlisnn street.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
ELECTION.
N o IT I Q IL !

OYy1cE HFRxkxDo ASSURANCES CoHP2NY,(
No. Madison st.. Memphis. May ~. J
UYHE STOCKHOLDERS OF THIS COM
i pony are hereby notified that the annual
election for nine lql Directors will be held "a
this osice on June 18th proximo, between tie
"'1'' " ~ @''1' nv f. M. NELSON.
eofs Secretary
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09

The valuable lots I own IN blocks IS, 80 and
40, on Main, Broadway, Carolina, ueorgiaand
Ninth streets, being about seventy in number.
IL must be apparent to every one that the
progress of improvement and the growth Of
the city still continue, MS always heretofore
to tend in this direction, and that this portion
Of the city is manifestly to be the center of its
of advantage which | would mention is that
the Tenth Ward, in which this property is sit
uated. is not liable for the old debt Of the city,
and that two-thirds of is taxes must be spent
extend nearly to this, point, on Main street.
and the charter authorizes the extension Of
the street railway beyond IT, tt.
TITLE : As a great deal has been said
Fort Pickering, Ttake occasion to assert that
no better title can be made than can give,
the membranes being only such as under
take to remove and can remove by the pro-
selves no uneasiness on that score, as do not
ask their money until can give them good
title. ~ .tft Esp
An abstract of the chain of title can be seen
at the auctiOneers office, together with plan
Of the ground to be sold.
PrOpertyto be Sold Without Reserve.
shall authorize the auctioneers to sell every
lot FOR WHAT 1T WILL BRING. and bid
ders may rest assured that every lot put up
will be sold if there is any competition what
ever. My wish is to sell; my determination
is to SELL. If ] do not sell it win be the bid
ders' fault. not mine.
TERMS-Third cash. balance in one and
two years, with interest, secured by trust
deeds. Any debts l owe will be received as
cash,
The sale will take place on the premises,
JOHN @. SAINT.
Register, Irrelevant g. Co., n
Si-Q1 AuctiOueers.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
LATEST TELEGRAMS.
Specials 20 the ledger.

AMERICAN PRESS ASSOCIATION, VIA s. P. A.
TELEGRAPH COMPANY.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
MEDICAL.
HENRY BIGGS, M. D.,
NO. asa MAIN STREET,
Cup stairs.) Iss-1osl MEMPHIS. TENN.
THE HIGHEST ORDER OF
Medical Science

HAVING ESTABLISHED AN AGENCY
III for the University Medicines,
373 MAIN STREET,
(Ofiee Of DR.. Lowry Memphis. Tennessee.
The University Medicines are the iavorite pre-
scriptions Of the New York Medical univer-
sity. What may seem almost incredible, Is
diseases hitherto considered incurahle. None
genuine unless bearing the golden corporation
seal Of the University. the cOuntcrsign Of the
physicians, and the signature. crest and motto
Of the President Of the College.
nF- Please call for a book tfreel. giving full
particulars Of the University Medicines.
j. DIXON, General Agent.
s3-l0s 373 Main street.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
Suburban Property.
WHISKY.
old Copper-Distilled Bourbon

WE ARE JUST IN RECEIPT OF A
w large lot Of Kentucky Bourbons; favor
tie brands; hand made; sour mash from one
to four years old which We otter 70 the trade
R0GAN, SELDEN & co., o..
7l-QQ 800 Front street.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
REAL ESTATE.
An Attractive Residence For Sale

An Attractive Residence For Sale.
V,HE UNDERSIGNED ARE AUTHORIZED
Il to offer at private sale very desirable
house and lot at Oak Lawn formerly Buntyn
station), FIVE miles from Memphis, on Memphis
and Charleston railroad. The lot contains Six
acres. well incosed. half cleared and half in
original growth of oak and elm; beautifully
located, and sloping in every direction from
the .bn1ding site. The dwelling house coti-
tains two large and two small rooms. Con-
structed so as TO admit of enlargement ~
small outlay. There are, besides, a kitcho-
servants room, lock room. COW house .n1
wood she'd. Within the last two years n L y,
hfteep persons, engaged in profession A ani
mercantile pursuits in Memphis, harei Nil r.
this locality. The facilities which the rei|.
road offers are now such as to make HE ro,,|
more convenient for the residence n bns;r,e.
men than the immediate subarbS ~ ,bo 49,
There Is not more refined society a. he fe.'cI
within or without the city, "a loc.l;f~ 4
healthy and picturceque-ch ,es m Il -, ,.I
are cQurenient. No Deighh orhoo5 -
Memphis can pretend 70 Offer sncb sdvant ! -
and the lands adjacent n.f e In conseon M.
rapidly approaching in va. ue.
- bARYE q IRRELEVANT.
10. - Madison stress.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
Trustee,s Sale.

DY VIRTUE OF A DEED OF TRUST Elk.
ID ecuted to me ON the 18th day of Noyem-
Der, 1859, by A. Street. and registered in book
No. 40, part !, pages 4I5. 416 and Az, OF the
Registers Office of Shelby county. State of
Tennessee, for the purpose Of securing the
payment of the notes therein named; and in
pursuance of a decree ana agreement for sale
in the case Of goldman Boyd ct ais VS.. An
thony Street. ct ais, filed April 23d, 1861, No.
500 N. X. d., Chancery Court of Memphis;
and by virtue of n resale ordered in certain
causes No. $50 N. r. D., No; Ss9N. X. D., No.
$40 N. X. D., No. 1913 N. II. D., and No: 1851.
N. r. D.. lChancory Court of Memphis, Win
on the
4 25th Day of June, 1870,
at the southwest corner of Poplar and. Second
bidder, for the purpose Of PAYNE. the notes
mentioned in said Trust Deed, me following
described property, to-wit The following
described lot or parcel, of land, lying in the
and described as follows, being part Of lots
Nos. 269 and go, as known on the map Of said
city and bounded as fellows: Beginning at
the southwest corner of the intersection of
Poplar. and Second streets running thence
west with the south line OF Poplar street, 12i
feet 8 inches, to q stake; thence south, par
allel with Second street, "a feet inches.
to a stake; thence west, "a feet inches,
to an alley;, thence, with said alley, "a feet
inches, to the intersection of another alley;
thence east with said alley to Second street;
thence with Second street, 14S feet inches, to
the beginning; together with all the improve
ments. The terms of said sale will be
one-fourth cash and the balance on a
credit of four and eight months from
day Of sale, with interest from date
and to secure the deferred payments,
notes will be taken from the purchasers, with
security, and lien retained on
Equity of redemption is waived Title be-
lieyed to be good. but l will sell and convey
only as Trustee.
72-101 NJ. j. WICkS, Trustee.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
DISSOLUTION.
Dissolution of COpartnership

rI,HE COPARTNERsHIP OFF. W. IRVINE
j and X. w. Barnes was dissolved on LIST Of
June, 1870, by limitation; r. W. Barnes re-
firing. The business will be continued under
the same style tF; W. Irvine Il Co.., and at
ments due due The firm viii be made and Who viii
settle all firm liabilities,
+. W. IRVINE & Co.,
27s Front street
Memphis, June 6. 1870. s7-s9
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1870-06-09
WRAPPIM c PAPER.

Game Wrapping Pap e'
DROWN. DILLAkD a CO., 21fFRONTs 81
~ sole agents for Howell Remley 4 Co.
Zane Paper. have now on hand a full suII
and feuerni assortment C. sizes, which II|
are oaerlng Rrios. CIkclsrATl PR-cEs. i7-I