The New York herald., 1870-10-22
BRAZIL.
Ieglnuvs Affairs-Ths Emperor's Slaves
The Nations Bondsmsn-Financial
Matters-Kortuary Returns
Spread Of Goitre and
Cretinism.

spread OF 0oltre and
Cretrism.
RIO JANEIRO, Sept. 20, 1870.
The Legislative session has been twice prolonged
to the ed to enable the budget for 1s71-72 10 be
passed by the Senate; and In order to keep the
worthy legislators to their work. the government has
cooy embargoed the departure OF their majority by
postponing the departure de OF the only packet
which could take them direct to their homes. Having
thus eectually turned the key upon their flight the
representatives OF the nation feel that the govern
ment now the master OF the situation and they are
therefore quite ready to go through the form Of
sentng to everything demanded Of them by their
masters.
The Senate is briskly passing the various budgets
OF the seven Ministries without wasting the time
upon amendments, although the opposition proposes
a few for form sake, and. Comanche like, while
yielding before their irrosistibis opponents, take
to send back flights OF singing MISSILES which
every now and then lodge deep. However, the
Ministry affects not to feel the smart and keeps its
troops to their work; for, beside the budget IL has
to secure the authority to borrow thiryave millions
Of milreis for tine Dom Pedro H. Railroad. and has to
get a credit OF three millions more for building
armored vessels OF war.
At this lats Moment and apparently as sop for
the Emperor, the Ministry has introduced, and is
pushing bill In the Chamber OF Deputies to
authorize the Emperor to free gratuitousiy any or
all OF those slaves Of the nation 10 whose usurruct
he Is entitled. As the law is yet, ne can
free them only by paying their value
to the national treasury, and in many cases
he has done so, although he docs not avail himself
OF the usufruct or the hundreds under his control.
Indeed the only usufruct slaves VINO not left to
their own devices upon the Emperor's lands are
number OF the aged ones, chiefly females, who labor
little upon the ST. ChrlstOvam Palace grounds ana
are supported and housed at the Emperor's COST
The plea for the bill is the very fair one that his
Majesty should be relieved from the necessity OF
paying the value OF those he frees which he Is the
less able to do that large portion Of his small civil
list Is annually expended upon the Improvement
and enlargement OF the national palace at ST. Chris
| tovam, building being one Of his hobbies.
| At the second reading Of the bill motion was
made that the Chamber declare the preference be-
tween 1t and the general bill OF the Special Commlt
tee on Slavery. In answer to TINS challenge. given
by the minority the Minister or the Empire declared
that the government would accept or propose an
| free gratuitously all the remainder OF the
national slaves and that y would aldot;n als9
registration of ali slaves in the empire More than
this the government would not yield this session.
ana ne declared tna ne would accept sne sote o. ne
| vote of confidence or It's want With this under
| standing the vote was taken and the government
| secured its point by o majority OF "a 10 Il.
When the bill relative to the national slaves Is be-
come law 1t Is expected that the Emperor VIII mme.
diateIy issue decree emancipating all the usuruct
slaves some 700 to SO0 but from the tone OF the min
steraal speeches does not seem probable that the
government will Its power In regard to tine other
Thousand or so national slaves to any extent imme
dIatey, but will probably lberate them IN proper
on as 1t can dispose Of the national grazing estates
upon which the majority are domiciied and which
hardly pay The cost OF management.
All the other bills before the Chambers lag for the
nicla torad dn mt in N tn
time listening to dull speeches while they can enjoy
the war and town gossip in Rua do Ouvdor, and can
short dresses and higl-heeled boots. for doing
which they have the very valid excuse that they
the provinces full, true and particular account OF
the latest fashions at the Brazilian Medina. The
consequence Is sat tne sIrees IS very
swarthy, talking machines whom the Brazilian
police select to take part IN the farce per-
machine.
In the beginning OF the season. the session OF 1870 is
going to close without the passage OF one Of them.
Judiciary reform Is hanging in the Chamber OF De-
putles at the third reading with shower OF amend
| ments descended upon 1t, and dense cloud ready
to pour nat at every opportunity a house" & VIII
nteiy; atei the reforms promised in the police
ca1 na @ na0s ne pSeq 6 rs n III
and ridiculous patent law OF 1880 has no: reached
the second reading, after two sessions existence;
and, In word, the session has been STERILE except
which the government needs for Its own immediate
life. As for measures to remove the admitted abuses
wholly neglected or exist only In pretence, proving
to the utmost the truth OF the oppostions assertion
that the ItabOrahy Cabinet never had any serious
intention to effect reforms
The Minister OF Finance rarely has troubled him.
self to attend the Chambers bur OF late during the
debate on his budget and the general provisions OF
the estimates Tor 1s7l72, he has been showing him.
self In the Senate, uttering pleasant sayings in
| gard to the finances Among other things he has
told that the balance in the Treasury SUCH as he
believes will enable him. with the ala OF the sale OF
bonds OF the internal debt to settle up the war liza
btles and provide for the prolongation OF the Dom
| Pedro Railroad without efecting a foreign loan.
He, has also announced that In October he
forty per cent added to the fixed duties from the 1st
of January 1870. viii have to undergo in compliance
with the rise In the gold value OF the currency over
6ss per cent; and he said that he hoped to reduce
I e. Sodsd z as ~
be realized; but there Is difficulty In believing
that with S. 900 mrees outstanding yet in Trea
sury nterest.payng notes, and with the unquidated
nal stock will furnish the Minister with all the cash
| he may need tor the purpose.
thrown from his horse on the lsth while trying to
jump fence at the race course, but is going on all
the 7th Of september, the anniversary Of indie.
pendence was Kept in most OF the provinces by
| freeing slaves In Bahia the Emancipation Society
there need forty-dve, chiefly children. In st. Paulo
| planter has liberated some TWO hundred slaves,
probably however, on condition Of working for him
| uuTlIlX u terln OF years.
The mortuary returns for Rio during the first half
OF o. TINS year snow that out OF the population OF
1855 900 free and 1000 slaves the deaths 4611
Tree and 500 slaves. or them 991 free were from
yellow fever and five slaves. Only eighty-Iive fe
males died ofyeiow fever and of the Whole mortality
Of 6,525 the females numbered only 1,S26, while the
males were 8, 700 While tue mortality OF the slaves
during the half year was is that OF the
free reached nearly 30, or, allowing for the extra
mortality caused by yellow fever, 49, which is still
IN excess OF the blacks If the census OF April
gave the population rightly the metropolis of Brazil
ranks very low In the list OF healthy capitals. the
average length OF life In ordinary years, without
pestience, being no more than twenty-seven TO
twentyelght years. The mortality OF Rio has been
on an average $500 during the last twenty years. in
years when no pestience has occurred to swell the
nortnary lists On the other hand. the average OF
the births during those years has been only 5000
varying little one way or the other, that the
deaths exceed the births by seventy per cent. The