davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02


Referring to the revelation of the vii
lianies Of Bullock, the scalawag Govern
or of Georgia, the Columbus (Ga.) Sun
says;
Most unparalleled people would say az
ter reading it, that if Georgia Is swindled,
outraged and oppressed in this way, with
out protection of her own laws, or those of
the General Government, and does not have
ku kluX 10 avenge her great wrongs, the
fact should stand as 4 monument To the
moderation and forbearance of her people.
The career of the Bullock Admins
tration in Georgia is the counterpart of
the doings of the Radical harpies in the
other reconstructed States. 1t is being
reproduced by, the Vandals who are
lording it over the people of Mississippi.
The legislature so-called, has already
run up IN enormous bill of charges, and
are engaged in passing an oppressive tax
law to pay them, Notwithstanding large
majority of the men engaged in this pro-
ceeding know that they have no right to
the places they occupy.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

The Cincinnati Commercial CRepubl;.
can, referring to the defeat of its party
in New York, says:
The Incomplete returns. however, indicate
that tie State, as well as the city, il Demo-
cratic. with heavy taxes, protective tar
hts, land-grabbing legislation, and Summers
social eqaatRg bill, what other results are Re
publicanz 70 expect2
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

If one Fifteenth Amendment win increase
the Democratic majority of our State over
thirty thousand in six months. how much
It In . year Pm. I. Democrat
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02
---~-&<@e -~--------------
MEMPHIS DEMOCRATIC

MEMPHIS ELECTIoNs-DEMocR
~VIcToRy.-The regular Democratic
nominees for judicial offices were elected
In the Memphis District by an average
majority of 500.e The Radicals could not
muster candidates of their own party,
but supported boilers from the Democrat
ic organization. The successful candidates
are Messrs. Morgan, E. NJ. Yerger,
Heiskell, Halsey, FIippin and Wright.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

The Meridian Flag in the course of a
well-considered article on the political sit
uation says that "a large number of the
Democrats (meaning adult white males)
"cannot vote" Our contemporary is in
error Under the constitution as it
stands, the polls are open to white citi-
zens equally with the blacks. Very many
of them, however, under the operation of
Radical policy are prohibited from hold
ing Office. The voting privilege is assu-
red, and if discreetly employed it will
achieve the deliverance Of the State from
the misrule which curses it.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

FlmnTxey1nm gefs To- Eewmra.
In spirit Of contemptible funkeyiAm,
the managers Of the Georgia State Fair
invited number of Radical magnates to
attend it, They incurred heavy expense;
ate humble pie; wounded their self-res-
pect ! and spared no trouble to make the
despicable wretches feel that they were
among friends. How their hospitality
was requited, VIII be seen by what Radt
cal Senator Cameron, of Pennsylvania,
said In recent debate
Mr.. Cameron expressed his convection as
the result of personal observations during
his recent visit 20 the South, that the rebel
lious spirit OF the people was still alive as
shown by their contemptuous Inference to
Northern men. When they appreciate their
guilt it would be time enough to bestow
clemency.
Good for the toadiesl Now let them
profit by the lesson.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

"f all the white people in Alabama
were -enfrauchised, ? said Senator Morton,
tine other day, ''Mr. Warner, Carpet
bagger') would never be returned to the
seat he now holds" This is all true, but
what a commentary is it on the creed of
the Republican party which forces a rep
resentative in the United STATES senate
on an unwilling people.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

He Goes Baok on he Pledge q
Party.

From thC kHQ.
In the United States Senate on
instant, Mr.. Revels, having been eal
20 define his position and that Of tHe
lean party ia Mississippi upon nc
Of general amnesty said be was ih
fast "A ma neonie oevo evidence OF I9
Whenever man gave fhis oglas
ceaaing 20 denouuee and oppose
81 ConereSs. bv respectinr fi6m ana
ing TO carrv chem onf ho was ln a
removing his disabilities IN ems
truly said 81 q whole State Do Wolt
favor Of removing tho dIsabIIlllf
State.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02
How thc HInn and mrothrr
received nt West polHf

The Acadcmy Alice Vein hfaHa-r.
"Sociai EptaiAy' Plalc -mt
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02
Prices range from IL to % cents.

At a recent meeting Of Social Equality
Freelove Radicals in New York, one of
the strong minded told his story:
She said that eX-Gov. Jewell of Connecti-
cut told that there was one application for
divorce TO every four marriages In that
State. She also stated that there were &c.
600 divorces granted in Massachusetts, last
year. She believM that divorces should be
granted at the will ofthe parties. Marriage
should be the outgrowth OF intellectual
sympathy. and any other union was one OF
degradation.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

The Columbus Index says: The old
nursery rhyme would ft many Radical
appointments to Office:
sgrney lack OF Fish to make dish,
Who ill the pan with TadpolHa 3
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

The cnnmne taHtnra ssas Au,a cents af
name taken two cents fof IgveIy
teen cents FOR every DrodnciIVe
ment of INDUSTRY. tu cents l0r E
ceased person. and two per cent ol ~.
amount enumerated llr social l.fa4
ten cents por mile fQg traVol
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

VIRGINIA ELECTIONS. In the Virgin
ia municipal elections the Conservatives
have carried Norfolk, Alexandria, Char
louisville, Lynchburg, Danville and
Stanton-the MongreIs, Petersburg (for
Mayor, and the Conservatives the Coun-
ciD and FarmviIle. In Richmond the
election in consequence of confusion and
charges of fraud, will be tried over again.
Both parties claim it.
The aggregate result of these elections
show decided conservative gains. But
we do not know that it affords any real
cause of congratulation. 1t is alleged
that since the previous election, Radical
voters have been imported in large num-
bers by the planters to Mississippi, Lou
isiana and other Southern States where
they will be employed by the Mongrel
rulers to perpetuate their ascendency.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

VorE on THE REvENUE (PLUNDER)
BILL IN THE HoUsE.-This villainous
scheme for transferring the earnings Of
the people to the pockets Of the sPoilsmen
who have been quartered on the State,
passed the House by the following vote.
1t encountered the resolute opposition Of
all but one or two of the conservative
members and was Of so infamous a
character that a number of Republicans
washed their hands Of the responsibility
of its imposition ON the taxpayers:
Yeas: Balch. Bowles, Boyd Buchanan,
Darlington. Chandler, Charles. Clarke, Col
Tins Cunningham. Dansby, Gowan, Handy,
Hatch. Henderson, Herbert, Hodges,
Holmes, Hudnall, Jones, OF Marshall, Lam
don, Lewis, Mayson, NcNees. Mitchell Of
Holmes, Niles, Osborne, Owen, Owings,
Phillips. Roane, of Pike, Snowden, Stewart,
stiles. Underwood, Vaughn, Walker, war
rem, Willing, Wood, OF Pontotoc, Mr.. Speak
er.-4l.
NAYS: Barrow, Bolton. Coggeshall, Cur
RE, Foley, Foote, Gibbs, Greer Grigg' Hart
field. Head, Hemingway, Higgins, Hol-
land. Howard, Hunt Johns, Jones, OF alo-
busha, Langford, Maxey, Mckenzie, Mister
Mitchell, OF Pontotoc, Moore, Morgan, New
som, Norris, Parker. Roane, Of Calhoun
Sessions, White, Whiting, Wilson'S.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

Proposals Of Union aeiA Hl ca
Rejected BY he Memphis Conf,e
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02
The Wilmington Journal, rehharking on

The Wilmington Journal, remarking on
the fact that j. W. Stephens, Radical
Senator from Caswell county, n. c., was
recently found hanging by the neck in
the Court House of that county, says that
for 'his many atrocities he deserved a
''far worse punishment than death. F"
Nevertheless, his political enemies of
whom he had been a violent prosecutor,
have washed their hands of any compile
ity with the affair. With conscience
enough left for remorse TO prey upon,
doubtless the wretched man, like Judas,
put an end to his sufferings with his own
hands.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

The Governor is consistent in his in
consistency. For instance, he has APP
pointed a negro Sheriff of Issaquena
county where the white men being few
have no rights the negro is bound to re-
spect But in the county Of to
our certain knowledge he has appointed
to office staunch conservative who de-
clined to run on the same ticket for the
Legislature with colored man last year.
If the party which has practised all the
crying outrages on the Southern people of
which they will have cause to remember
bitterly until time brings its revenge, are
indeed advocating the same principles that
were contended for by the cold line
"Whigs and old Jefersonian Democrats
cas- WELL, as the Central organ" would
have us believe-they have been most
unfortunate in the selection Of their
leaders, consisting of Hiram Revels (yel-
low,) Gleed, (black,) Ames, (white. D
Who feels inclined to enlist under their
banner? Don't all speak at oncel
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

Fried Grease.
The weekly clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1863-1882, 1870-06-02

A.I.PGuur
&c. hErNrr
A. w NtlsoE
Lie. GAnIAEn.
jams JAcksOt
h9 " WILLIAM
~ Is MILLER
THUsTrN Pom
X. ALiNANuu
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03
Killing Corn.

1t is Surprising that the barbarous
old practice of killing up corn
should still find advocates and fol-
lowers After years If effort on the
part of the intelligent portion of the
agricultural press, 1t is now pretty
well understood that it will not do TO
continually pillow and iniure the sur
face roots of fruit trees in the orchard.
But we have heard intelligent men
say that though they would disturb
an orchard as little as possible in this
way, yet corn was quite another mat
ter, But the laws which govern the
nutrition of plants are pretty much
the same all through.
Roots love darkness, and yet wish
to lie rs near as possible to the sur
face; and whether it is the root of an
apple tree or the root of cornstalk,
makes no difference in the working
of this law. If we plOw deep and
cut off the surface roots, the deeper
ones are unable to reap any benefit
from the atmosphere and those COW
cred by the soil plowsd over them
are IL just the same condition. This
ID the Science" of the thing. But
better than all this is the experience
by careful and intelligent expert
ments. So far as we know, every
such test has resulted i'm favor of fls
culture and against killing.
1t Is very fashionable TO rail at
"mere Theorists" yet we believe
that many of our avs lrdest practices
nave resulted in the most common.
place theories, and this is one of
them. Some one probably noted the
little rootlets coming out of the joints
above the soil, and thought they
wanted earth 10 cover them. Hill
ing was started in "the cry" that it
was "helping nature; or it may have
started with some lazy fellow who
thought he would not hoe or harrow
early, but wait little longer, and
then one good blowing would do the
whole job.
However, no matter how it origin
ated, it rs a mistaken and bad prac-
tice, and should be left to go the way
Of many absurd things. Forney's
Weekly Press.
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03
Economy on the Farm.

A farmer may be frugal and ex-
eeedingly careful Of expenses with
out being either stingy or narrow
minded. Economy is not merely a
convenience, but virtue and duty.
not only farmers, but mechanics,
young business men. and everybody
should cautiously stop up all leaks.
IT is leakage that impoverishes the
mass of men. The little spent for
rum land not a very little, either
the little more for tobacco, the lit
tie more for spree, the little more
for temper lin a lawsuit the little
for vanity and a skowsoff-these ex-
plain mans poverty. But if one
will be frugal toward his passions he
can afford to be generous toward his
higher nature. 1t is impossible i'm
this land, for any considerable length
Of time, that a laborious man with
good moral habits, of fair intelli-
Sence, careful and economical, should
be unable to supply himself with
neWspape and books. Next to rum,
knowledge is the cheapest eommodi-
~ III America Western Farmer.
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03

AT "a Sunday school in Ripton, a
teacher asked little boy if he knew
what the expression Sowing tares"
meant. "Conrth / does,n said lac
pulling the seat of his breeches
around in front, There's tear my
ma sewed.I l feared it SLIDING
enwr hill"
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03
Marriage Guide.

DEING private Instructor for married per-
ID sons or persona about to be married, both
male and female, in everything concerning the
physiology and relations of our sexual system,
and the production and prevention OF offspring,
including all the new discoveries never before
given in the English language, by WIN. YOUNG,
M. ID. This IL really "A valuable and interesting
work II In written in plaid language for the
general reader, and Is Illustrated with numerous
engravings. All young married people, or those
contemplating marriage, and having the least i'm
pedment to married life, should read this book.
Ii discloses secrets that every ohe should be ac-
quanted with; still, it is Look that must be
locked up and not lie abou. the house. II will be
sent to any address on receipt of 80 cents. Ad-
dress DIR. WIN. YOUNG No. 416 Spruce street,
above Fourth. Philadelphia p
AFFLICTED AND UNF0RTUNATE--No
matter what may be your disease, before you
place yourself under the care OF any one of the
notorious QuACKs-native and foreign-who ad.
vertise in this or any other paper, get copy OF
DIR. Young's Book and read II carefully. 1t will
be the means of saving you many dollar, your
health, and possibly your life.
DIR. Young can be consulted on any OF the dis
eases described in his publications, at his office,
No. i1s Spruce street, above Fourth, Phiadel
phia. soyi-?Tyi
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03


We give few of its Superior Advantages
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03
Cornell College.

NOR ROTH SEXES, WITH TEN ABLE
IL Professors and Teachers :-ful Classical and
Scientific Courses. Preparatory. Commercial and
Ornamental Departments, ample build.ugs a-s ep-
plances and $50 studssts annually In town
noted for Temperance. Board and Tu~
ItiOn Low. 5s#
For Catalogue address tho President,
... REV. wM. r. KING, AN.
aso Mt v.snvn, lows,
Cedar Falls gazette. [volume] (Cedar Falls, Iowa) 1860-1895, 1870-06-03
Ayers Cathartic Pills,
For oil the purposes of a I,sxHtiv,
CEDAR FALLS, IOWA.


G. Perhaps no one rlrtT-
cine is so universally 70
qured by everybody a.
~ q cathartic, nor wss a. sE
Ga9rz5EZA any before so uniyeT !,
- ly adopted into US 4.
ye st. 4: e.:
x-~<E son is, that it is me- &c
ta&t$& &, {xz&sA liable and far more eTsr-
- tual remedy than
other. Those who have
tried it, know that it cured them; those who have
not know that it cures their neighbors and friend
and all know that what it does once it does always
that 1t never fails through any fault or nes'ectu
its composition. We have thousands upon thol-
sands of certificates Of their remarkable cures OF the
following complaints, but such cures are know i1
every neighborhood, and we need not publish them,
Adapted to all ages and conditions in all climates
containing neither caomel or any deleterious drUz
sugar coating preserves them ever fresh aud reG
them pleasant to take, while being purely vegessblc
They operate by their powerful inflnence Or th.
internal yscera to purify the blood and stimulate it
stomach bowels, liver, and other organs OF tho
body restoring their irregular action to health and
by correcting wherever they exist, such dera-lga
Minute directions are given in the wrappei Oh
the box, for the following complaints, whica thess
For ISyspsp,ia or indigestion, Lfssrese-
ness, Langnor and Loss Of Appctife, they
should be taken moderately to stimulate the otou1-
For Liver Complaint and its various svlrg,,
toms, niiiOus Headache, Sick HeahSGha.
Jaundice or Green Sickness, BilsaE.s
Collie and Bilious Fevers, they should be ia
dicously taken for each case correct the dise4sr
action or remove the distractions which cause H.
For Dysentery or Diarrh0ea, but one ra.l9
dose Is generally required. III.
For ksheum attsm, Cont, Gravel, Paint.
tatiOn OF the Heart, Pain I'm the as5a
Back and Loins, they should be continuously
taken as required, 70 change the diseased acton IL
the system. With such change those Complaints
disappear.
For Dropsy and Esr0psicaI swells,,,.c tsoz
should be taken In large and frequent doses Ia pro
duce the effect of a drastic purge
For Suppression large dose should be taken
as it produces the desired effect by synpatny
As Dinner Pill, take one or two PiUs (. pro
mote digestion and relieve the stomach. -
An occasional dose stimulates the stofnsrh and
bowels into healthy action, restores the annette
anu mvigorates the system. Hence it Is often al.
yantageous where no serious derangemenf a. s.s.
One who feels tolerably well, often finds that d3se
of these Puis makes him feel decidedly better non
their cleansing and renovatng effect on the diges-
tive apparatus.
DIR. j. @. AVER CO., Practical CLoHsSSss,
LOWELL. MASS, ". =. A.
Sold by Dale ~ Kellogg,
AND ALL DRUGGISTS EvERYwHERE
The New York herald., 1870-08-14

Proarcss Of the Work--Ibe New Ysrk Pier.
Adjoining Fulton ferry on Tie Brooklyn, side is a
huge mass Of masonry, surmouDted Dy catch
basins, dcrTicks. engines ana all the evidences of
some great work OF engineering, which upon in
qury proves to be the Incl pen stages of construc-
ton for the East River Bridge. Rapid progress Is
being made In fact, the rapidliy with which the
work is pelng carried forward is astonishing 1t
should be said that the construction thus far has
met with no obstacles Generally, in gigan-
tic undertakings requiring the use Of
steam and submerged workmen, together with
mammoth apparatus Of every description,
is not plain sailing. With the East River Bridge,
however, owing to the careful preparations OF Mr.
Roebling aud the intelligent skin OF the workmen
there has been impeachment. A glance al the sur
face structure shows that there are fOrty.eight
inches OF masonry laid upon the caisson IN two
strata and the stone, from Kingston, is a closely
crystaled and nfeXible granite cut IN large blocks
three feet long. They are hOtsted, moved laferally
and placed Ia position by strongly braced derlicks
propelled by steam power. IL il very simple and
very admirable process and differs little from the
character OF laying ordinary foundations save, per-
haps In the durability Of the imperviOus cement.
Excavation is constantly going on and The bottom
OF the caiss0n Is now TWENTY-FIVE feet below lllgh
water. and II VIII be necessary To lower 1t twenty
1eet more making It's total descent about forty
feet. OF course there Will be modification of this
depth to suit the character OF The soil. secure
foundation is alone needed. The eXcavated earih
debris ana rock Is borne to the earth by large iron
catcli-basns operating as elevators. During the
descent they have raised 5000 cubic yards Of
soil. Over lI5 men are employed daily In two
watches, under the supervision OF Mr.. c. G. Marlin
They are not overpoWered by nOXious vap0rs. nor
do they show any signs OF ph, scal deterioration
Eleven engines are upon the premises and SIX are
used in pumping air. The steam power Is thus
enormous.
as the caisson goes down the masonry will be
bullt, stratum on stratum until the whole structure
Is complete, and then the interior, the chambers
VIII he hlled with concrete. AS. The work Ii now
carried on the excavations are clay, sand, gravel
and boudcrs which are broken te.Ore being raised
and The wdtersOaked soil at the bed OF the river. 1t
VIII take two years to finish the Brooklyn pier In
snort time, before month expires, construction
win beg n on The New YORK per The ground has
already been purchased. The terminus on thus
island will be at the foot OF Roosevelt street.
The New York herald., 1870-08-14
WATERING PLACE NGTEs.

Among the summer visitors at the Pavilion at
Nyack, on the Hudson, are the following gentlemen,
with their fames:-Mr Tucker, Mr.. william
Thompson and Mr.. Choate, of New YORK: Mr.. w.
Gregory, of Jersey City; Mr.. William Spence, Mr..
V. Snedeker and Mr.. Mead, OF Brooklyn.
Minister de Garcia. or the Argentine Republic and
his wife, Sonora Eduardo NJ. de Garcia, the talented
authoress, are spending The summer at Lake Osca-
wana, near Peekskill.
"Jenne June,r with her family, is at Richfeld
Springs.
Lady Franklin has gone to Lenox, Mass, to visit
Mrs. Harriet Beecher stowe. She Will go thence to
Newport.
Rev. DR.. Chaplin is spending the summer at Pigeon
Cove, Cape Ann.
Mrs. Jennie 4. Hicks. "Sophie Sparkle" IS spend.
ing o few weeks at Saratoga
At Cornwall, on the Hudson we notice Mrs. Fl.
G. Williams Mrs. Leeds, Mr.. Fl. J. Davidson Mr..
George H. HoppocK, Mrs. Edwin Smith, Messrs-
Cronn, G. G. jackson, OF the United States Navy:
Cornwaller solomon, Pool and Weller, with their
families, and Mr.. Ed f. Ch0ate There have been
several hops during the summer, and one occurring
on Friday evening" the 10Th ultimO, was very en-
JOyaDie affair
Among the visitors at Newport are-NIiss ]. Butler
ana @ MISS Butler, Mr.. and Mrs. II. Andrews, Mr.. and
Morse and family, Mr. and Mrs. r. H. McCurdy Of
10 East Fourteenth street; Mr.. and Mrs. William
Albany; Mr. M frederck ] w. Rhinesnaer e and a ia%y,
OF II West Twenty-eighth street; Mr. Charles H.
Russell and family OF AZ Fifth ayenue Mr.. Paran
nett, j. Freeman, J. Grayhurst, =. Schoaeld, w.
Campbell 5. Quackenbush A. V. Meyer, T. Lille. N.
Cutler, w. Chaplin, j. Mahen. d. Hrsch, Miss llrsch,
X. Fayes and wife, Miss Henderson, w. Davidson
and X. Colt.
The steady rush Of visitors to watkins Glen n. T.,
continues. On Thursday Of last week the excursion
party under the auspices Of the Grand Army OF the
Republic, from Geneva, over Seneca Lake, num-
beed over 5oo and on that day the number or visit
oIs at the Glen was about 700. The next Rreas
steamboat party s set down for the 18th nsr., when
the seneca Castle Cornet Band will make their an
nual trip and be accompanied, as heretofore, by o
host OF friends. During the past week the large
number OF men OF note from nearly all the cities OF
the Union and the CaDadas precludes the idea Of
mentioning names for '.their number is cgionn
We hear the following news from Long Branch:-
MI. and Mrs. Theodore Moss Will remain ..
cnttage g: c1sll avenue until October /. Mr.. and
MRS ). Becker, OF New York, are amcng The perma-
nent guests at the Continental. Mr.. J. T. McCahul
ana his turnouts have departed for Saratoga. Jay
Gould mas not been down to see Us IN i've days.
Soionel FISK IS hero every night and practlSG,es S,
norseDack riding on the cross town avenues. Miss
Jennie Weyman, Of New YORK, is ono OF the inosS
beautiful young ladies' at the Branch. Mr. henry
Harley and wife Will remain at the Continental netl
the close OF The season. Count de Turrene anu pI.ue
Will remain at tho Yves: End Hotel unEH tue nouso
closes Tor the season.
The New York herald., 1870-08-14
SUPREME COURT CHAMBERS.
Before Judge Barnard.

Patrick Mcdonald, the alleged ticket swindler,
and Jerome Bradley, charged with having In his
possession stolen United states bonds and who
were admitted to ban last week in Si0 900 each ap.
peared yesterday morning and filed the necessary
bonds.