New-York tribune., 1870-12-06

or share of ia iurjsdlc ON or control OF these -sl
fishery grounds to the colonial authority know as 'io
noi 3ion M canada and this semi-indcpendcut Int IT.
responsible agent has exercised US celeGalcu boMt
ntj or varuinc in Violation on the custom previously
prevailing and have been taken into the col0uWl poit
their voyages broken up, and the vessels c0ue
There "a reason To believe that this upfrcndy ana
yeyaOus treatment designed 70 pear Hll-H5 ul ~
the hardy fishermen of the United states, Win view 70
political effect upon this Government. IEe ttal5.e
Of the Dominion OF Canada assume n SIN DiTt''t;
moro untenable jurisdiction over the Yesstls on
the limited states They authorize officers or plr'Ous
20 bring vessels lowering within three marine
any of the coasts bays, Creohs, or harors OF Calol
into port to search the cargo o examine the master %"
oath touching the cargo and voyage, ana 10 h'. '"l
him heavy pecunary penalty If true answers re 10y 10y
given And II such a vessel IS found preparing 10 a
within three marine niles OF any sucl COASTS, u9'
creeks or larbors without license, or after the eE
ton of the neriod named in the last license granted - ~
they provide that the vessel, WIN hcr tichle 90 -
have been made under this statute. should tie auori-
ties OF Canada attempt 20 enforce N, u Will UcCon~ y
duty 10 take snch steps as may be Necessary 10 pro-
ec{ tbe rights OF the ctzens OF the United staes.
II has been claimed by Her Majestys officials that hs
fishing vessels OF the United States have no night 10 enr
the open ports ~ the British POSsesSions in North Amer
ica except for the purpose OF shelter ana repaE %
t6ey have no right 10 enter at the British Custom-
Houses trade there except Tor me purchase u "oou
and water and that they must depart within p houfS
after notice 10 leave II is not known that any seizure
OF fishing vesse! carry ing the nag OF the Unea tes
has been made under this claim. 80 far as the cil -
founded on an alleged construction OF the Convention OF
1919 it be acquieSced IN by the United states 10
s hoped that il will not be insisted on by Her Maestys
During the conference which preceded the negotiation
OF the Convention OF 1915 the British Commissioners pro
posed TO Expressly exclude the fishermen Of the United
States from the privilege OF carrying ON trade MIN any
OF His Britannia Maestys subjects residing WITHIN the
limits assigned for their use; and Also that 10 should not
"laWful for the vessels OF the united states ehkbeu
in such fishery 10 have on board any goods wares
merchandise Whatever except such may be necessary
for the prosecution OF their voyages 10 ana EOu 1lu
dsbng Grounds: and any vessel OF the United States
which shall contravene this regulation may ne seized,
condemned and conscated, with her cargo MS piOpo
sition which is Identical with the construction now put
unoU no LAM Of
rejected by the American Commission, ana, thereupOu
was abandoned nv the British PlenpOtentares and the
Article as it stands I'm the Convention, was sh9slt1d
IT, however IL be said that this claim is 1Ouueu on IO
vncaI or Colonial stattes and not upon the Conyen
ton this Government cannot but regard them as un-
friendly and in cOntrayention OF the spirit NOT Oh is
he Ir,,neriai V Covernment ia alone responsible
Anticipating that attempt may possibly DC uade ny
the Canadian authorities in the coming to repeat
their unneighborIy acts toward our fishermen, recon-
mend you 10 confer upon the Executive the power W
snsnend by procamaton the operation OF the laws au-
thozine fbe transit OF goods wares and merchandise,
I'm bond across the territory Of the United states "
become necessary 20 suspend the operation OF any laws
whereby the vessels Of the Dominion OF Canada are per-
mitted to enter the waters Of the United States
NAVIGATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.
ike unfriendly disposition has been manifested on
the part OF Canada in the maintenance of claim Of the
right TO exclude the citizens of the United States from
the navigation OF the St. Lawrence This river consti
tutes natural outlet TO the for eight States with
an aggregate population Of about 100000 inhabitants
and with an aggregate tunnage OF 6o ~ tus u0n Io
OF our ports these waters is open to Brsn conpe
ton ana TN 5ne major P rssmes UI Se eReIded from this
natural avenue TO the ocean, the monOpoy ,9 0t
the Atlantic would be in foreign hands their vessels on
Atlantic voyages having an access TO our lake Os
which would be denied to American vessels on similar
voyages. To state such proposition Is 10 reIute us
Justice. During the administration or MT John quincy
Adams MT Gay ply Gsd sae 70 e
navigation Of this river claiming that the action OF the
GSRss S al II showed m the Judgment eS Of
ursts statesmen, that the inhabitants OF country
through which navi0abe river passes have natural
right to enjoy the navigation of that river and into
the sea, though passing through the territories
OF another power. This right does NOT eAclWe
Ing the territory through which the river
debouches into the sea TO make such regulations reae
TO the police of the navigation may be reasonably
necessary; but those regulations should be framed IN
liberal spirit Of comfy and should not impose neeaes
burdens upon the commerce which mas the rlght OF
transit It has been found in practice more advantageous
TO arrange these regulations by mutual agreement.
The United States are ready to make any reasonaole
arrangement 10 the police or the 81 Lawrence when
may be suggested by Great Britain Ii the claim mtde
by Mr. Clay just when the population OF the Stat
bordering on the shores OF the lakes was only 100000 II
derives greater force and equity from the increased
population wealth, production, and tunnage OF the
States ON the Canadian frontier. since Mr Gay
advanced his argument In behalf OF cur & p@gat' @ @ ne
principle for which he contended mas Deen ire
quently and by various nations recognized by law
or by treaty and has been e6eha1a ~ 70 Myeca
I'm 1884, the Rhine was declared free from the point
where II is first navigable into the sea- By the ConFg,
tion between Spain and Portugal concluded IN $50 me
navigation Of the Douro throughout its whole extent
was made free for the subjects OF ooth crowns M SI
the Argentine Confederation by treaty threW open tle
free navigation OF the Parana and Uruguay TO the mer
chant vessels Of all nations In 1856 the CTmean war was
closed by a treaty which provided for the free naVlga
ton OF the Danube In 1853, Bolivia by treaty declared
that il regarded the rivers Amazon ana Ia Flaa III ac
cOrdance with fixed principles OF natOna laW as s
WAYS or channels opened by nature for the commerce or
all nations In 1889, the Paraguay was made 1ree Ry
treaty: and in December, 1866 the Emperor or Brazil 1y
imperial decree declared the Amazon TO DC open TO the
frontier OF Brazil 10 the merchant shlps OF al haohs
The greatest living British authority on thls suect
while asserting the abstract rsht OF the bIilsn cl
SAYS at difficult 20 deny that Great Britain may
ground her refusal upon strlct law put IL Is equy III
fcut TO deny-drs that in doing she exercises harsy
an extreme and hard law; and secondly tnat her con-
duct with respect to the navigation OF ine oI NIece
is in garing and dscredable Inconsistency with her
conduct with respect to the navigation OF inc sssspp
On the ground that she possessed Small u9naI' III
which the Mississippi took Its rise, she insisted On Je
right to navigate the entire volume OF lts Waets' On
the ground that she possesses DOth banks OF Jhe o Law
renee where IL dsembOges itself into the sea- she denies
to the United States the right OF navigation, thOugn
about one-haf OF the waters OF Lakes Ontario, Erie
uurnn and Superior and the whole OF Lake Mich gan,
through which the river hows are the prope, Oh Tue
ING cheap TRANSPORTATION from the agricultural States OF
the West to the Atlantic seaboard To the cltzens OF
those states greater return Tor their aDOf
IN the inhabitants Of the seabOard, IL affords cheaper
food 10 the nation increase In the annual surplus O
wealth. 1t is hoped that the Government OF Great
Rrtain will see the Justice OF abandoning the narrow
and inconsistent claim 10 which her Canadian provinces
have urged her adherence
COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Our depressed commerce is subject to which called
vour speca attention at the last session, and suggested
that we will in the future have to look more to the coun
tries south of us aud to China and Japan for its renewal
Our own representatives to all those Governments have
exerted their influence 10 trade between the
United States and the countries 20 when lhey are ac
credited But the fact exists that the carrying Is Almost
entirely In foreign bottoms and while this state OF aars
eyss we cannot control due share OF the commerce
of the world That between the Pacific States ana China
and Japan ia about all the carrying trade now conducted
i'm American vessels l would recommend liberal pol
lev toward that line OF American steamers-one that
will insure success and even on Increased usefuness
The coat ~ building iron vessesthe only that
compete with foreign ships In the carrying tradeis so
much greater the United States than IN foreign oonn-
tries, that without some assistance rom the GONeri-
they cannot successfully built here. Herewith
viii he several propositions laid before Congress in the