, 1870-10-25
THE:CROPS.
Report OF the Con, m t~~ioncr OF thu
Agricultural Department.
DtrAKrxENT or AGR1cElfrRK.
STATISTICAL DIy1,.uS

Report OF the Enrtat&~io1,er OF the
Agricultural Department..
DtrAk1HEE1 or AGRICELTrRE,
STATISTICAL Dlv1siuS.
WAsHISdTtS, D. T., Oct 20. 1870. I
tioa Aesaee Capfon, toMmiastaner:
stR: herewith present for publication q
dfGeet Of the reports upon the condition Of
the crops for the mouth Of October. Will, hr;nf
rotee from reporters tleteou, together with
vailous extracts from the correspondence OF
the department, the address Of the Commits
nohef II the Illinois State Fair, md articles
upon variety in Southern productions, climste
feed fe1 st!kwotms, tho Louisiana rice crop.
msrket prices OF farm stock. the drought in
EnElacdt agricultural statistics of Ireland.
d1eeases OF cattle in Europe, wool-groEicg III
Uruguay the treatment Of liquid sewage iu
for SCI tcr1kcf, DC.
J. 4. DouoE, stat,atieian.
CONDITION OF cnors.
MneAtCThe wheRs crop Of 1870, in a ms
1os7tT q the States, and especially in thoee in
Nmeh this cereal il prominent. il materially
Icss IN qusntity than the crop Of 1869, whlcl,
F2s very large one, notwithstanding the as
sert1ons OF some ctoakels to the contrary,
lhe reduction Ia tue, first, to tue loss OF
planfa ~ an unprop,tious seasop for ge-mina-
taon ana early growth of the winter variety,
followed b. An open and somewhst variable
winter, and, second, to tho drought which pre-
Vailed With great severity in the Northern and
Eastern states- TEia reduction. aa averaged
from our local returns. appraEs to be about
u per cent. In the several Statea it
sh;,s y !" n fol!oxs: M Maine; ii 5; Sew Hsmp-
Jersey, e: Pennsylvauia, 49,; Delaware,
20; Maryland, T.; Virginia, 9; Mississippi,
II: Teras. 2 !; Missouri. 10 Illinois. 10 fud.
la. l. 1s Ohio, Il; Michigan. g; Wisconsin.
20 Minnesota. IS; Iowa. Is !; kanAas, 2; Ne
states Indicating An increase aro; Msbsachu.
setts, =; Connecticut. l North Carolina, 3;
South Carolina. 10; GecrEia. 10: Alabama,
y Arkansas. 7; Tennessee, 3; Vest yirei-
MA, q; Kentucky, 2. In the early spring, tie
eondlslon Ct the wheat aefds pointed to
decrease ct 20 per cent. As is usua1ly the
cage, adrerso returns have had moro cheer
ful aspect As the season advanced. and rctult
somewhat more favorable reproduction is uow
recorded yet the monthly records have mAin-
tained close correspondence throughout the
season, verifying tho general correctness OF
TIE Colorado grasshoppes has been worry
troublesome in the Territories. In parts Of
Utah, farmers are preparing to SOW fall whcst
extensively, hoping to escape their rAr4ges.
In San Pete County. Etall, rory little grain
and tie helds are still green. while trosis h1ve
already appeared. In Conejos County. Col
orado, not more than half the crop MAS har-
.eeted at the date Of the report, And the
ground was already covered with six inches Of
Anow.
The average quality Of the crop is better
than that Of 1865. In portions OF the Eastern
States and in New York, the grain Eas shirr-
cled By dty weather. In penasyfyania aud
Maryland, the excessive moisture and high
ipg dieease and cansing imperfect develop
ment. In Virginia the quality is variable, IN
some places Superior. in others injured bs
heavy rain while in bloom, some t[e1sls suffer-
ing from tho naidge, whife occasional injuries
we're sustained IN the stack from wet *eashar-
tahle lands Of North Carolina and Tcunessee,
the quantity was in exceee Of the crop OF
1860, but the quality Was injured extensively
by rains between cutting and thrAehinG,
though many counties report superiority IN
cazeiess farmers Throughout tho Ohio and
CpFes Mississippi S:ates there is an unusually
large proportion Of No. Whest, Occasional
damage from rains whle in the etsck Is re-
por:ed from the Northwestern States, In
1iercc County. Wisconsin, about one-third, all
No. !. vas thrashed hefvre the STORMS. and
the remainder xeto G1eatly injured, some en-
sitely spoled- Other counties had \ similar
experience The season WAS comparatively
uufAvotable ia Kansas, on Account Of The
drought in July and August, but less injury
rs eufe1ed than Was expected. Tho Pacific
COST reports are variable. Sotoe counties In
CAlffornia make the quality superior, while
others report injuries from rust and infe1iori-
II from the iu1uAiueity Of Krain hi1ghtad BY
drought The early-sown faE md spring grain
Ct Oregon Is good, while that sown late was
injured By the excessive heat Of summer.
Among tho winter varieties which have sue
cteded beat the Tappahsanpck - pIumiuent15
! uam. d. It u {ayo1abiy meutlonsa throughout
the south and West, md ha2 dnns we'll amoag
The nouutalna OF ttsh.
Complaints Of low prices aee still heard
Ohio correspondents assa1t thAt wheat cannot
b pso6tably grown there As 81 per bushai-
In PORTIONS Of The Northwest tha1 prizes cao-
not be obtafned: in Northern WIscunein 81 to
o. cents Per huahe1 are common quotations:
vea,hsz. and much Of it ia allow il ger1aina-
tion. This is especially the case IN IndiAua
! and Ohio The Ay has beEuu Its rav.gea in
plaees, and in parts Of Kansas the *'army
worm" has also put in m appearance
There il yet sons old wheat nn@old, though
tbs surplus to market. Low prlces have re-
tau cd = part Of that beyond the Mississippi
Sac County, Iowa, c1ains to have one-soutth
| Of the old crop still en- band
| Cotn-Iba com crop Of 1870, unlike those
of The two yearn preceding, i full one-he
best Of the past ten yea1s~ It is crop which
y1elds best In our hottest seasons. a laxge
area Of the best corh region has had rain
| enough for its full mAtur1ton. The worst
Effects Of drought a1o seen On the thin, sandy
| LAnC8 OF E22k8fu nA68ACQuSe4ta3 8eQuC1u& EGe
crop 50 par cent in some fields, while soils Of
greater depth and better texture give > supe-
rior PRODUCT. Southern New Halnpshire has
suffered from tie same Cause, but Maine, ,::;ew
Hampshire, and Vermont. north Of n degrees,
exhibit better maturity and / greater yiald
than Tor several years.
The States Of the great cn1n region, includ-
irg those bordering IN tho grest lakes and
on the Ohio and Aissiesippi Riveta h4ve With
ont exception rnsds either : full OF lsrxs
crop. Illinois, the corn hola Of the Union,
estimated BY this department to haye IN
| seteapn In nusixo Of s al ono in l66a Run. -