The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-08-11

Sardinia, although 1t was well known that the
latter small power was backed by France, and
the Austrians, taking the initiative, crossed the
Ticino April 26- -29 1859.
The popular risings in the several States CON-
PEELED the Duke of Modena, the Duchess of
Parma, and the Duke of Tuscany to flee to
Austria, and the Italian troops, under the lead
of Garibaldi, made themselves masters of the
greater portion of Italy. For nearly month
the Austrians did not venture to risk battle,
butoccupied themselves with plundering the pro-
vince of Lomellina. The French Emperor des-
patched his forces to the field as theally of sardi
MIA, and the Austrans having suffered reverses at
Montebelo on the Goth of May, and at Palestro
on the 31st of May and 1st of June, they
recrossed the Ticino. A great battle oc-
Cured near Magenta on the 4th of June,
in which the Austrians were totally
defeated, and they were compelled to abandon
Milan and the whole northwestern portion OF
Lombardy. Retreating to the line of the Mincio
they were met by the French at Solferino on
the oath of June, and again suffered defeat.
By this time the attitude of Prussia began to be
threatening, and the French Emperor was ap-
parenty unwilling to follow the Austrians
within the lines of their famous quadrilateral.
He therefore took all Europe by surprise
by concluding truce and making ar
rangements for a personal interview with
the Emperor of Austria at Villafranca. This
interview took place on the 11th of July,
and the preliminaries of a treaty were
agreed upon by which portion of Lombardy,
exclusive of the fortresses of Mantua and Pes
chiera, were ceded to Sardinia for the sum of
$42, 100000. The practical result of this war
was the establishment of the Italian kingdom
under Victor Emanuel, who ceded his dukedom
of Savoy to France in exchange for the Italian
crown.
The Chinese War.
The next power against which the French
arms were directed was China Various alleged
acts of outrage and treachery on the part of the
Chinese authorities in defiance of the treaties
with European powers induced the French and
English in 1860 to send out joint expeditions
| to punish past misdeeds and to secure guaran-
| tees for the future. The French forces were
under the command of General Montauban
| who in conjunction with the English, attacked
| and captured the fort of Taikou, at the mouth
of the river Peiho, on the Goth of August. On
the 21st of September this officer achieved
another great victory at Palikao, which was
| followed by the plunder and demolition of the
| Chinese Emperors summer palace and the
entry of the European forces into Pekin. The
Chinese were forced to accept the terms dictated
by the allies, and they concluded treaties
which secured the protection of Euro
pean interests in the East. General
Montauban was created Count of Palikao on
the 22d of January, 1866, as a reward for his
services in China, and under that name he has
now been again prominently brought before
the public as the head of the new French
Ministry. ,-
In 1861 the French engaged in war with
Cochin China, and succeeded in capturing a
large portion of the country and establishing a
firm foothold there. The object of this war was
ostensibly to punish the Emperor Tu-Duc for
his cruelty towards the French missionaries and
the Christian converts, but the real reason was
to obtain possession of the country, so that
the French influence in the East might rival
that of England.
The Mexican War.
The first serious loss of prestige sustained by
Napoleon III was on account of his Mexi-
can bunder. This was mistake of the most
serious character from first to last, ard the
modification of the Emperor and the french
people was extreme when the French troops
were withdrawn at the demand of the United
States and the unfortunate Macmillan left to
his fate. The civil war in the United States
apparently gave the French Emperor the oppor-
tunity he desired to establish himself on this
continent, and to oppose check to the growing
power of the American republic. 1t was evil
IDENTIFY expected that the result of the contest
between the North and the South
would lead to the disruption of the Union, or
that, even if victorious, the North would not be
in condition to engage in a war with France,
so that Mexico could be converted into French
province with comparative impunity. The pre-
text for the invasion of Mexico was reparation
for injuries inflicted upon subjects of France
and the payment of debts which the Mexican
government had practically repudiated. Eng
land and Spain, who had similar grievances
consented to join with France in an expedition
against Mexico but they thought better of il
when it began to be apparent that Napoleon had
other objects In view than the mere redress OF
grievances, and the proposition to place the
Austrian Archduke Macmillan in Mexico as
Emperor induced both England and Spain to
abandon their alliance with France. The allies
effected landing in Mexico early In January,
1862 but they failed to receive that cordial wei
come that the enemies of the Mexican President
Juarez had led them to expect and although
they obtained possession of large portion o.
the country, they really had very little success:
in the direction which they most desired
England and Spain finally withdrew from
the alliance, and the French carried
on the war alone. Juarez in the NEAR
time rallied the Mexicans to his standard anC
succeeded in giving the enemy constant annoy
ance, although no battles of any importance oc
, CURED. In October 1862, General Forey arrived
with thirty-fye thousand French troops anC
Immediately marched upon Puebla, where hC
was repulsed with great loss. In addition Il
this disaster the smallpox broke out among the
| Eranch froona and the naOnla of the TInitaf