New-York tribune., 1870-10-01
THE NEW SOCIALISTS.
THE INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT.
ITS PLANS, THEORIES, AND ORGANIZATION.
% Lhe Edikor OF The TrfbMne.

Association is destined believe, to play very
spcuous part In the history Of this generation and
pose therefore, to explain TO your readers something Of
its character and objects. It's foundation very
difficult almost hopeless undertaking, considering the
mutual antpathy Of European nations, and the preu-
dces common TO all workinmen. 1t could have been
started only by man who well acquainted with
the Latin by long sojourn among them with the
Germanc student OF history and political economy
man OF profound learning but, at the same tme OF the
most catholic democratic incnations. Such man was
found in Karl Marx The French social reformers had,
till then, been educated in of the several Communist
schools; they either Babouvists, Cabetiss
Fouriertes Their systems ignored liberty and self gov
ernment; they expected all good things to come from
above from less centralized and Omnipotent
government The English reformers taught selfdepend
and laid greater stress liberty than equality
but they had system unity Of ideas, no common
starting point and aim Their the Trades
Unions struggled only for the wants of the day. but in
| their limited field they did great deal Of good
IL was then by teaching English workingmen the
French ideas Of equality, and French workngmen the
English idea of liberty and selfgoyenment that Marx
| became great social reformer. 1t was by bringing
them together in international Congresses and setting
them TO exchange ideas and combine for mutual as
sstance, that he furnished them with corrective for
their onesded IDEAS and interested them in thorough
consideration Of the necessity of future higher and
moro humane development Of society. At last, he en-
bodied all his ideas that subject in a work, written IN
German under the title OF Dds Rdpital" the first vol
ume OF which only has yet, appeared The essential
portions OF have been translated by his adherents into
most Of the living languages and form the gospel OF
the International Workngmens Association, which held
s first Congress in London in 1861 has since met in
Lausanne 1880, Brussels s6sl ana Basel s69 and s
firmly established among several millions OF the
| tOiling masses Of Great Britain France Belgium,
Switzerland Spain, Italy, Holland, Germany, Austria
| Sweden, and Russia.
THE THEORY.
The fundamental idea Of this International Association
is that society gradually undergoing great change
Of production, consumption, exchange and ideas, and
that men must accommodate themselves % this change
II Is capital which IL revoutionzing society. Each
period of history its corresponding particular Kind Of
production. IL slave labor which characterized the
production and social OF antiquity. The middle
ages received their peculiar stamp 10y the division OF
labor and production for immediate wants IL was the
manufacturing system which gave the last century its
transitory character and is the perfection OF this sy
TEN through inventions and scientific discoveries
into the capitastic production of the present time
which imparts to modern society ts specific divisions
Where formerly you had independent master me-
chanc, able to produce variety OF merchandise OF
particular kind in workman-ke manner, yOu now
a dependent slave, employed by capitalist who furn.
ishes him with materials tools and machinery and real
ICES all the pros paying him with only portion of his
earnings called This workngman is no longer in
dependent nelg serelant and an element Of free
community, but proietdire IL is the evident tendency
OF the change all production into capitalist
ducton, and to divide society into two classes capital
ists who everything, and hands who own nothing
but depend their livelihood entirely the capitalist
Glass; At least 1t is inevitable that production Oh
large scale being cheaper, scientific and thorough
and economlzng tme force and capital should finally do
entirely away with production on a small scale When at
last the soil is bought by few, when all the branches
of labor are carried exclusively, almost exclusively
by machines, when ali the capital OF country is in the
possession OF moneyed arstocracy, who consequently
will also frame all the laws where shall the enormous
majority of poor 20 TO hud some profitable
plOyment to make themselves independent to enter
by cooperation into competition with the large capitalist
producer
The programme which Marx laid ont, aud which has
been discussed and adopted BY the four International
Congresses, IT, in condensed FORM the following; II Is
useless for the working people OF one nation TO attempt
to remodel society; thcreimust be combination OF all
the nations and meantime attempts at forcible revOu
op ought TO be discouraged The society ought 10
he founded on unircrSGi education Every individual
ought 10 be developed by all educational means at the
dlsposal OF and art into truly humane being
All the enormous squandered on churches and
soldiers ought invested in raising higher type OF
humanity society thus prepared for its great task
will best know how to egsste for new order OF things
Ore thing however is clear TO wit, that such future
| legislation will have to accommodate ltheH 10 the
economical laws Of the age II will have 10 render iro-
dueton scentc and to establish it on the largest posi-
ble scale All new inventions and discoveries, instead
OF redoundng as now the benefit OF the few ana TO
the enslaying of the many must be converted INTO means
OF reducing the tolls Of all OF beautifying lie, ana
ennobng humanity. All the great indispensable means
Of existence lands, mines machines ana means OF
communication must be the common property o GH ana
must he made SO gradually. Nothing reasonably he
pryate property but the product OF labor, ones oo"
''O"'' THE 1rAprSo SPIRITS MOVEMENT.
II is remarkable that numbers OF apostles OF the
new persuasion are men without scholarly attanlnents
but with clear logical minds, armed With array Of
and historical facts and simple but genuine
eloouencc selfmade men, who would reflect credit on
any society of scholars. There is one among theh'
tailor Eccarius, in London, who has published booE
entitled Refutaton Of the Economical Doctrines OF
John Stuart Mil another tanner, Dlezgen OF Elber-
field who has written critique OF Gil netaphytca sys
ms anotber a turner Bebel Of Leipsic, who is one OF
the best-informed and most eloquent members OF the
North German Parliament and quite number OF edi'"is
Of newspapers in the English, French ana German,
spauish Italian Flemish, Dutch, Magyar, Czeehah ana
Russiou Ian guages, who began life ar mechanlct' ana
now WELD powerful pens Of the numerous papers III
h ,erest Of the International Association may men
tiop inFrench: L'Egdt (Geneya) lie A"doeoa tLiegeG
DIuferndfiOnalo anC Lee Cahies0 a" ITdod" uelgluin
among the Flemish De Werker tGhent; among tue span
ish Ia SoIidaridad CBarceonal; among the German,
voJt.sLoof 1epsc) VolksciNo Vienna) Idgraehf (Lu-
r,cbr yorbok 1Geneva). There are also two German
dailies zuknn Berlin, published by that stern Repuo-
ucan Job joel Jaeoby OF K6ngsberR PIutsal' and the
Arbeiter Union of NewYork which however mar lately
| been temporarily suspended
The nreachiugs and teachings % these men ana organs
80 hoo, very successful considering that the oDsta
eIes in their way numerous and strong They dis
courage all needless strikes, and al riots and turbulent
Accommodations and they Try TO mitigate the evils IL tine
wake OF all such disorders by bTotuefly auVi'e anu