, 1870-07-31

the trained sotdisEs OF the snsmy--<kto1iea
to which the enthusiasm, and patriotism. Thieh
tao bsro Of cap,eFa e 10 % srStp .sapts dscrss
The last week Of May saw General Ga!lbasda
drive The AustriAns from North l.ntnbtrdy,
md Eain, b. the possession Of Como, the
command ot tho entire PROVINCE
TIE VICTORIES or 1UyE -.---
On the dJune tha Austrians began to eTac~
uase Ssrtlinia. and meanwhile the French
force assembled II Alexandra had be9un te
act on the defensive. The Emperor CAUSED
toe Tcino to be creased By 4 eotra undes
General Macmahnu On the 4th Jrne. They
were Immediately attacked By the Aust1iaas,
whom they victoainutiy 1epulaed. On the 4th
troops 10 occupy the Left bank of the Tc;uo.
The Austriaos finding that the passage bad
been euSprsed sent AEsoss the Tavez three Of
the army corra, who turnt tho h.idgas
ihe, vent betosa tho Emperor 70 the number
OF i25,000, and attempted to bar his march
toward the village Of Magenta 4 oespsE.ta
struggle eusaed. which Naa shortly tsan.festeI
10 tie village itself, And it waa 8X in tha
evening when The French reua1ned masters OF
tho field. snd cfained to hase placed 70, oo OF
tic erenly hors de combat, bes.oes securing On
the field of bat:le L, GOO rnuskets and q: 900
kn,psaska. Thus xas Piedmont cleared Of
the Anattians, aud the gates Of Milan opened
to the allies. The garrison Of that CITY in,me-
diAteiy rose rpon the Anst1iaas- Victor Ed
vas annexed 10 Sardinia- Ou ths 7tb OF
JUNE, the Emperor and King sntered Milan.
On tie 9th. the victory Of MeleEnAuo was
gained by General na5aEuas DMlliats, aad
after J. series Of SUCCESSES in the north By Carl
adj, preparations begnn to be na4le for the
Ita,y. On the sd Of June the Austriaus re-
passed the M.ncio in .oses and occupied the po-
sitiuns Of roz2oIenga, Solsasino, aud CAsriaao.
On the morning Of The 18th Of Juno Francis
Joseph was in command OF I'd, 900 troops, and
awaited the attack Of the allied armies, NUM-
sunrise the assault was begun upan the AUS
trim pos:tion in tbs Lala Behind the town Of
CaAtiGIione. Tha FRENCH after desperate
and stubbornly contested conflict, sac,
ceeoed in driving them into the smsu
villages On the. plains hclo*. Step By
step Of the ground VAS fought far by tla Aas-
trians, sad as the dag advanced the struggle
became concentrated around the village of
Soffes!no About o'clock III the AFTERNOON,
When the eannon2dc was At is height, ! storm
Ut rain and thunder ard lightning At0ka oTer
ths cenbatan,a, hat delayed not the undag-
NOT until in the evening, after coatest Of
one of tue 1hss brilliant victories OF modern
times wae gained hy the Ffauc1tSa7linfAa ar
my. OF Filled and wounded . spect stor Of
TIC couaict puts down the French loss at
10000 men. wt1iie the Austrian could not hive
been less than twica that number.
TIRE YEAcE or TtLzAFRAscA,
After 4 continuance Of Lpstilt3es without
any very decided engagement, Napoleon III.
aud Francis Joseph bad Al interview 1t Villa
franrs, and thefe arranged. to the great sur
I ing the eouhict, the preiiminasies of peace.
The basis OF the treaty Was the resignation Of
| loMbattly to the French Emperor, who aGreed
I 10 make It over to Victor Emanuel, and the re-
teutinn Of yenetia by, Austria, although it waa
agreed that tlsat province should form part OF
which was to be placed under the hon
WA not, therefore, yet "froe froru
tue Alps to the Adriatie," and the Italiaus
were not 1it1e disappointed 1t What they
considered an ineonclus,ve issua Of the con.
test. The Tenetians vigorously protested
against being fsft to the tender metries os
Austria, and addressed to the great Saraiai4r
| Premier, cavour, i vigorous remonattauce t
that effect. Italian unity vas, howefer. dea
tined, a few years later. TO receive assistance
from somewhat unexpected source Hum
Lid in Italy. Anstria was destined 10 q e.i1
deeper humiliation On her OWL pso;,er lczzitoE.
Ct bohemia.
THE scifLEAw1tHo1sTE1S wAR.
The eyGnss Of tieTnany in 1856 would be bu
impcrfGrtly understood without reference Il
s:.e question Of the Elbe Duchies, which for
lime united two powers, shortly after 10 be CT
gagged ip deadly stIlle, in AL alliance OF arpa
rent corlialty. Amid all the endless coup.i
cations OF this uuinte!gible quarrel, this tnucl
is clearly defined, that the territory Of Schles
N,g-1lolsteiu haa come by sort Of nu,na
agreement to foru part OF the Kingdom o
comme.co legau to draw it closer to Germany
from Which ii vas divided by . purely i'm
asinary frontier, and to which it WIS i'm
peI1e'i Ly powerful element OF German
speaking population. Hence 1t canle TIA
tie cause Of Scllleswig- Uolstein ,sas taIen ~
AZ lie Gauge Of fsthetlani, and the t,5o lead
ing powers of Germany yielded, or aprease
To yield, in 1864 10 the unanimous and enthua
iastlc desire of tue people When they took ~
| arme 10 right slse alleged wrong suffered b
the Germans in the Duclsies II the hands q
; Denmark. Tie war, sucll as it was, formed
! mere driving bsrk Of The Danes from the tos
tified positions held By them. by sheer wea,t
OF men and metal. After completing III
toiut occupation by the peace OF Vienna, g
!. tho seth OF October, 1864, the turlsta and csl
ineta OF Germany were greatly eAe1tl,sd Owe
tic leEt1 and constitutional -'S9.ss Of the que:
} tion, When the proceeding Of electius Ge
man ruler waa first mooted, PRUSSIA tTeatel
, With co1ducss, while Austria favored III
r clai1us Of the Prince Of Augunsenburg. tt
prs1esiap crown iu1ists hAd tleclated, in Oett
! Der. 1865. after nine mouths inquiry, tn
, the Joint sovereignty was vested iu AussEl
! and fr1esia, and that il the Prince Of Ausu'
tenbure ever had any claim to tho anegiant
Of the Duclfes. it had ceased with tho peace
: Ten,ce. In January, 1896, 1couut Dsma1
, ! announced 10 the Austrian Cabinet that Il
essa sy them +. a q nasS hs
regarded l,s rrussia a. an Aggressive s:t. .whl.
$ il had right to guard agliDet- The Austris
> Government replied by Tindicsting their ris1
. to take IN Independent stand on aurh que
y luu, which Prussia chose to ansmer, Just tAel
I. in En- evasive manner.
Q rREl181SAn1Es or sApowA.
Disturbed by the euigmatical policy Of Trl
!. sia, Aus,r7a began to arm. On the 2ith Mar,
! pr,lssa informed the minor German Stat
that, impelled by the a1n1A1nents Of hes ne!gl
!, lor. khe must prepare for the defence Of
y lcs;a, and must aleo enleayor to obtain qua
q antees for the future, which it Was 10 vain
g expyct from her alliance with Austria Mi
Y tarx rrers:,tiops having proceeded on Dol
. sides for some time, both l'owern were short
), plunged into dispute ~ to El,o had begnn
! arm iifst, aud At length. on the lsth OF APT
u gin agaiu to disaru, On the condition that 4
- other Power would follow. step By step.
p the meantime, an offensive and dele
Il sire alliance hid been concluded betwe
A. rsuseris and Italy +; and WhensA ips.ssi
on the necessity Of making Preparations 4
!
y bohemia, Count Eismsrk replied that the d
II armament mnst be general. Tna haugf
" vithd1aval OF lrussia from the meeting OF I
le r.derat Dict. At Frankfort, aud new aeSoti
d t,c,,s carry in May. On tho schlessls- Holste
" ,,i;i:cuIty, did not improve the relative po
cll ticns ci the two tietman Powers. Maze
T. | Here brought to cliuaax wben At the sltu
T. .. May .. & the Federal Diet, Austria ,
4e no,1Lced that her representative in Iolst'
e- had been instructed to couyoke the. Estat
be iu ordet to hear the wirhe. al tue POI
y laiicn OF The Daunle ~ to their uitinals {,
1st pcsaI. Tue rruesian General in > S.l,les%ig is '
4 ardetcd 70 m17eh Ills troops into Holatc,n
socu as the .tu-,rian Gove1or sbonld convt
lrc tho Ls1ates. This Was joue, aud the AUS
ert ans Lot Ring strong enough to resist. rest
.c- frt III t..er jnilt occupancy. 1t the meeting
ed the Federal Diet Of June ii. Truss'2
1lr charged having disturbed the Federal pea
ais zud on the motion Of Austris, it WAS
lia solved, June ii, to mobilize the entire Fed
ng | force, with the exception Of tic Ptusstau
nj singent.
'or TIE SEVEN OATS WAR;
rs IapedlateIy after tho Federal Ieclsratl
eat Hanover. Heese-Casee1, and S%xony were
10 cup;el bt tho Pruesa1n troops. resulting in
Is one iu,iguiticsns collision With the arm,
he Hanover. Tho rapid occupation Of the Ii
~. dom Of Sa4ony followed. and the l'f1eti
1s- besan IN advance with about 160, 900 men
u tho Austrian territory OF Bohemia 10 n
re- u.tste1ed la0. 900 men, and the South Gerr
es~ contingent OF 0.000 men ssaa aaals expect
the On the Srh June King William took comm
ol Of bis combined forces at Reiehenbe1g.
old wa intended to givo the troops )
aid as;,i.nt frnm the movements Of Gen
md I,enedek that HI immediate astaek
ter mctiisa.ed by the Auetnhns. On
nosnipg Of the 18th Of July II was
ealved 10 anticipate the Austrian General
us being the first TO assume the Offensive
ex- T+;rSa E.ntlarirk Charles advanced with
lts, second army, 1t = o'clock, agaiuss the enc
sas The ftst army commenced the aatAck ,
ace o'clock, near TIE village Of Ssdosa. and a
~. o'clock the s1mE OF the Eibe advanced ass
an6 the Auer,aus from Vechanetz- These N
l l. ssf. $hnr nfno