The New York herald., 1870-08-22

CITY OF SAN PAuLo, July 21, 1870
This province lying one half in the torrid and the
other in the south temperate zone is considered one
OF the finest sections OF Brazil II is very exten-
siVe coiee growing region. The raising OF cotton,
too mas become prominent feature OF the pro.
vince, and the product has much increased since the
advent OF so many OF the Southern families from
the united States. and the emigration tending this
way mas within the past few years been probably
double as large as to any other part OF Brazil.
So have come here to look about and snail
make this my point OF departure for excursions TO
the northern, western and southern parts of the
province. The seaport Of the province is the city
OF Santos, lying southwest OF Rio Janelro and about
l60 miles distant, and from which place small coast
steamers connect with Santos twice week, pro-
Tossing to make the run in eighteen hours though
the usual time Is from twenty to twenty FOUR San.
tos IS ON the western side OF the beautiful river of
the same name and about six miles from the sea.
From Santos the interior OF the province Is reached
by the San Paulo Railroad, q most excellent road
built under the direction OF and still supernIended
by an English gentleman named Fox. Thirteen
miles from the coast a range OF mountains
forming the front wall 1t were, OF large extent
Of table land beyond, has to be ascendcd by the rail-
way ana this is done by simple yet very secure
system of stationary engines, wire cables and pull
ieys' Inc ascent is grade OF one foot IN nine and
is divided into four sections, at the top OF each OF
which is fine English engine working the cables
One section OF tram ascends the other de sends
80 the engine generally has not much more TO do
than to regulate the speed. A portion OF the last
section consists or an iron bridge forming curve OF
one ninth OF the circle and also following the ncli
nation OF the road OF foot elevation In nine feet
oi length. Ihls bridge Is IL fine piece oil work, Is
constructed entirely OF iron, OF tubular sectional
| pillars, dlag0nally braced, and It's centre Is
| TWO hundred feet above The bottom of the
chasm below. An hours ride takes you 10
| w 10 EUn
THIS city OF San PaulO is very finely situated and
probably one OF the healthiest places In Brazil
nave made TWO EXCURSIONS or trips 10 neiyhbor-
! ing azendas tplanatons 10 see the gathering and
Cleaning and packing OF coffee. The cleaning is
done very eliectuaiy by means or American ma
chlnes, though the complaint Is made by sone-I
think With little foundatOn-that this cleaning pro-
cess taxes away, by the peculiar motion Oi ils re-
voving cylinder some OF the essential OIL that gives
the bean lis richness OF flavor. The beans are put
INTO an IRON cylinder, about two leet IN diameter
and six feet in length. This cylinder has four Kinds
OF perorations, ana during the revolving the beans
are are assorted anu CLASSIFIED according as they pass
through tne different .pnnctures OF the cylinder.
The packing must be In the most substun tla man
| ner to Withstand the transportation.
The degree Of cold that has been experienced in
inc province within the last month has not been
known here before IN forty years, anu the coffee
Tree, sngulariy sensitive and tender. has suffered
| terribly. The rost-something scarcely ever seen
| here-which for a number OF mornings covered
everything, Killed the coffee trees IN all directions.
1t seemed nrSt to blast the leaves, changing them to
| a dull dry, biackish brown. and then Splitting The
bark, 1t wasted and killed the tree even TO It's roots
AS the tree must have growth OF three years before
IL bears, tnis cold ana rosf must occasion IL great
loss for In some Instances there fazendas where
more more than one hundred Thousand trees nave
| Deeh destroyed. In some cases, however
learned that insects had appeared that It
| was quite impossible TO eradicate from the
plant, and that would IN year two have entirely
| Killed IT, and as the first annhated insect az wen
as tree 1t may not be altogether matter OF iumen-
taton The present coffee crop OF the province VIII
amount 10 quite 100000 bags-a greater crop IN an
ever before raised and generally OF better quality.
Ihls mas not been Injured by the irosts bat the ext
most important product, and If these people would
put into Its cultivation the energy orethought and
labor saving that might be applied TO IT they could
unquestionably improve the article and very mate
| rally increase the amount annually produced. IL
Is the staple OF Brazil. and the United
considerable reduction of the tax Oh coffee II not
entirely abolish IT. for it may be classed among the
necessares OF life and especially desirable nat
all the labOring classes may yet cheap coffee and
exclude the adulterous and deleerous compounds
least a very large portion or the coffee OF Brazil.
shall endeavor to tell you something OF the cot
ton growth OF the condition OF the Southerners from
the United States now living In this province and
tnc system oi slavery and coming emancipation In
other letters.
| ANairs In the Cnpital-Ihe Political Aspect
Commercial Crisis ProbabIe-The Slavery
observation-disclosures Patti-I1cket SwindIcrs-
| An International Case Settled.
RIO JANETRo, July rs, 1870.
Rio is dun, politically, commercially anu socially
| The political dulness may be that calm presaylng
the approaching storm; for the present government
and ministry cannot he said TO be fixed be.
| yond change; indeed discomfort so rife NAV apy
| day become localized and demand change that
cannot be denied. The Emperor is growing Old.
| his gray hairs and wrinked face betokening how
heavily The cares OF State weigh upon and no one
ought to be surprised at any 10 hear ot his sud
| den decease while there are mahy W no prophesy
that in such an event the empire In Brazil VIII cease
and Dom Pedro H. go upon the recoru OF history as
the last Emperor OF the Brazs.
| The commercial dulness seems to Increase.
smaller amount OF coffee is on hand than for some
time previous and there are small exportations II
| is believed by many that production and commerce
| and trade are to stand the test of the abolition
| OF slavery much sooner than is generally
supposed, for the cloud or agitation aug.
| mented by occasional emancipation, and TO q
certain extent insurng decentralization and en-
couragement given TO the matter by the government
| Is already above the horizon. and growing and
| casting its shadow even now upon the land; and
| there are not few who believe the country is ON
| the eve or a commercial crisis, which they think
must result from the abolition OF Brazilian seridom.
They do not believe IN gradual emancipation at an
! assured as they think they are that when the
negroes become aware Of the surety Of prospective
| compel immediate abolition.
Mile. Carlotta PATTI is stu here Her tarry in Rio
| Canhot, 80 lar, DO Salu 10 nave been at all Il
success. Her manager hoped to have engaged
! the Theatre Lyrico, on the Camp Santa Anna
| but that was engaged FOR the national re
| Deum, which was afierward given in the
| temple built Tor the purpose, and she was obliged to
| take the Theatre Dom Pedro. Then there was a
great excitement and loss Occasloned by the sale OF
| large numbers OF spurious tickets. On the evening
OF the second concert $500 worth of these tickets
were taken at the doors o. the theatre and on the
evening OF the third concert $700 worth were taken
These spurious tickets were well done that this
| loss was unavoidable; for not until the third con.
4 hts cans for,
| discrepancy In the cash receipts discovered and
| Immediately steps were taken to insure that the
| thing should not be repeated. All people were eau
toned against buying tickets Of any but authorized
| and specified salesmen. Then Mile. Patti has II
| Is rumored, been IN discord with her company, and
| few days ago 1t was stated that she was to return
to America by the next steamer. She cannot or
course do this without foreiting ner contract TO 90
| to Monteyideo, valparaiso and the Pacific Coast.
The officers or the National Guard gave u grand
ball TO the Conde d'Eu on the night OF Tuesday June