The New York herald., 1870-01-02

there Ound placing Inc guilt OIL these men and
hundreds Of others beyond all doubt. The plot. II
appeared had ramHcatlons all ever the empire
from Calcutta to Bombay. from Lahore To Point DO
the society mad established large branches The two
men nrst arrested had been remarkable tor their
av0wed hatred OF the government but many OF the
otaer parties to the plot had been accounted thor
oughy loyal. OF course the alarm among the donl-
inant race when the conspiracy was frst an
n0uRced, was very great; but the government
husned II mp US much as possible and 0iicialy
stated that there was no oann whatever for uneas
mess AS tune went on however, the constant
tdinXs Of arrests made and the long postpOnement
OF the trlai ol the two Calcutta merchants made
further c0nceament ol the truth Impossible. The
danger In which tue government stood Ia now ac-
knOwledged, and II ~ known that several hundred
c0nSplralOrS bave been seized and are ~ the present
time cooling their heels IN jail. When these men
Will De tried has not been annOunced 1.-THE govern
cssa to as early Is T sc
way. 10 an instructive commentary upon the exact
ness with winch Anglosaxon law has been intro-
duced in India There las been suspension Of
the haDcas corpus act and YET these men are neld
lor nearly iye months without Trial. The authors
ties, however, are sure OF their guilt II is said, or
else they would not venture upon arbitrary
measure AS proof OF the CONVICTIONS VI the gov
ernment a. TO their gullJ Whispers have already
noated about that the cOnspirators are W SEN
fenced 10 penal Servitude Tor Ie. they will proDa-
be strictly secret. Inese last lactS speak tnen,
selves.
newspapers have attempted to snow that this plot
origlilated IN small Mussu.mans sect. anu that t
Was stricy confined TO members or that sect. The
always have been loyal The rsJ part OF this state
ment ~, no doubt, accurate Ihe conspiracy sprung
up among a specially ianaiica Mussunan dea0m-
patioa--the Wanhabees. The tenets Of the indian
branch Of tne Wahhabees are, however, somewhat
modiled form Of those held by the same sect IN the
centre OF Arabia. Like The latter, they deem It
deadly SIN To smoke tobacco or wear SILK, or drink
coffee, or dance Or sing; ike them also they count
IL great religious act, and an almost certain pass
port TO heaven 70 cut an lnldeS thrOaI but, AZ tho
same time unlike them. they do not look upon the
ordinary orlhoaOX Mussulman with dislike. The
Shte sect they, 0f coufse, regard rather worse
variety OF inide than Christians but The Shiltes are
numerically very Weaf. Jhe orthodox MusselmanS
or ounuites ana the Wahhahees constitute three
iourtnS oi the Mosem OF India; they are closely
doubt that they were ..s unit IN this aborve con-
splrac9. The statement Cl the Indian press tnat tho
Nahnabecs alone were involved III II, Is, a. any
rate certainly not borne out Dy iaciSS Tor many
arrests nave been made oi men who are not Wahila
| bees. Among the Mosem oil india tue shiies alone
have any preiensions to loyalty, ana they are TOO
unimportant IN numbers ana wealth to be much
relei on
salmani VIII never wilinglyhccept the existing koy'
ernnent. Their religion clearly celne5 SUBMISSION
TO an inhdein power as u dead.y SIN. Then the pre-
sent government suppanted the despotIsm that los
lem silor ad-esta oSned over The iindoos. The IN.
doos are accustomed 70 foreign yoke, Dut the Arao
| blood iii the veins OF the Indian born Mahometan
| mas never tamely brooAed subJection to ruler not
| OF his own race And finally. the authorities have
| always looked upon Mussunaas with suspicion; the
hlndoos have been the iayorile race from tho Arst
establishment OF British rule. The conciliation vi
| the Mosem has long been regarded by the govern
ment as hopeless, and Tor generations their policy
has been 70 stimulate ana lnane tue jealousy exist
ing between the two races Dy Dcstowing Official pa.
tronaXe Almost exclusively upon Hinuooa. 10 the
| la.ter, anu 10 them alone, uoes the government
| look for support
ment 10 his master than the Aius sullidu. Ia t.iS
ltiny the troops mat started tae revolt We're puIeiy
| Hinuoo, whc The Mussulmans ned alooi until the
proclamation Of the great Aogll called them 10 mus
tef round The standards Of rebellion Careful STUDY
VI the general Character OF the llldoo and an atten
tive examination OF the special grievances under
| which he Is now groanng, VIII snow clearly the
causes 0i his disconeni. some oI tnese grievance
may, perhaps, appear SIMPLY sentimental, but tnere
caA be 40 uouut tnat these are more Dtle resenleu
| than material Injuries.
Is hard 10 oyerrate the attachment Of the Hndoc
| to The cnilIzaIon Which sprung up Ia Inaia during
the 200 years Lnat preceaed the advent OF the ao
bammedan conluerors. In that system of society
| Church and state were indissoiuDly connected.
superstition which, Ii 1t sometimes degeneraeu into
sanction Of crime ana wee, was IN Its general fea
| lures graceful and humane extended Its 1nuu
| ence over evofy lolaLlon OF life. Not only
aid u ieacn man MS duty to has gods
| 10 his king and TO his fellow creatures
bu 1t liked exactly his status IN society, told hin
| what aud how he should eat and drink and regn
lated MS NE 10 even ii5 nlilest particulars From
Tue day ne became living soul unl he died the
tindoo Was the save OF "dusIoorn or the customs o.
| his country.
AT the very outset, the old religion mapped or the
population OF the country into iour great
casses-pllesis, warriors merchants and laDorers.
llere IS now litte doubt that Ut any rare the ilrs
two classes, ana perhaps, also the third we're OF
| diheTenl race ironn The fourth The former were
iiynt coloIed people. who came down from the
| mountains IN the north aud conquered the BLACK
skiAnci aboriginal Inhabitants OF Tie land Instead
however, OF making the latter the slaves OF lndIvid.
| uals they constituted them lnLO selvile caste
IN lhe Sauscrit the word lot caste' Is ga1a. winch
also denotes color AT the present time the higher
| mans caste the lighter his complexion. Far as 4
| kshatrya tor warrior) Is proverD, anu the differ
| ehce between high caste Branmin and u low caste
sudra is very marSed-aiinost ns marked
| as that between Caucasian ana a negro.
IL Is diierehcc both oil color and III the type Tea
| lures, aud To an American who has perhaps,
brooded over tue possibility Of miscegenalon TINS
/
are two race, scarcely distinct the negro and
the whlte) that have lived side by side for lrce or
lour Thousand JeagS, ana that have, neyertneless
| continued 70 preserve themselves from mingllng.
The Institutions oi the country have, II Is true beeu
contamination oi the nobler race. But has not the
present purify OF the high caste ndoos been chcny
ule result OF an Instructive aversion o! the II .hi
| coored man 10 mix with the black?
These casteS were, course, strictly hereditary,
and each caste married only wit.in its own limits.
al the beginning 1t IS pretty certain that these Tour
DIVISIONS were the only ones exstence; but al
TINE Went on tue Caste system became much more
elaborate In nghy civilized state Of society IL Il
clear that many OF the men born III the priest and
warrior DIVISIONS would have TO find other uccuDa-
| tions starye. And as these men found occupa.
lions for themselves they were separated into W
castes AT the present time each 0 the four origi-
| nal castles Is suodlvided into hundreds and thou
SANDS OF Smaller ones, each vi winch IS vigorously
Kept distinct. Every possible legal ana Illegal ayo-
cation has now It's own peculiar caste, TO whose
members 1t Is confined There is caste OF bankers,
caste OF masiermen, caste OF tailors caste OF
thieves, caste oil pImpS, caste OF poets caste oi
ana YET Otlcf CaSleS whose cdliIngs are
LOO Infamous 10 be nameo. Aud man bora n ona
OF these castles IL unable to escape from it unless he
chooses 10 accept separation iron all hlJ kindred
and TO become an "outcaste" No other case VIII
receive MIN within Its paie; not one o ms country
nen MNl eat or drihk wltn hi, or speak to in, or
Duy lr0m hun, or sell 10 him, even toIcl Llln
Everything dear IN life binds native TO his caste
ana, practically 1t IS iound tuat member of even
the lowest oi these associations dredl5 nothing so
much Us TO Ue thrust OUTSIDE IL.
Sucn are The general features OF the one great
Institution OF BrlliHlniSln, Sometimes IL
salu tAat caste ls simply cyll Institution, aad The
courts have 10 some extent recognized tni5 Uy
granting compensation 10 men who nave been forced
Dy others 10 break their caste. Many European
wno mas been iInprudent enough to compromise the
status oI native ny compelling him 70 DO something
that Involves loss OF caste has mad to pay dearly for
his pains. Eut IL II impossible To separate the cIvl
from The religious Institutions oil the illnd0O5; the
Hnd0o mind ls III IacI Incapable OF approaching such
a distinction. At any rate, caste Is Tic one tn!ng
nearest To the native near
IL - only during the pasG decade that this nstitl-
ll0n mas seriously becn In danger. 1he Mussumans,
When they held sway not only felrained lrom med
uilAg Win IL, but actually adopted IL In modified
lolIl among themselves Then under the rule OF