, 1870-08-02
REuNIOH OF ITALY.

TUESDAY, AUGUST .. 1870.
REUNION OF ITALY.
The details Of the agreement between
France, Italy, sadperhaps Austria, relative
IL the evacuation Of Rome by the French
troops and the occupation of that city by
Italy arc not fully known. Conflicting to
ports state that the Fnanch Will leave Rome
in September, and also that they viii leave
Immediately. When they leave, Italy will
Immediately occupy. Tho surrender OF his
temporal power by the Pops restores TO
Italy its unity and its capital We say
restores" but national history is ratter
n process Of endless creation than Of res:o-
satiun- During only u small part "f the |
History Of the italian Peninsula have its |
people had either national unity or a NJ:
iional capital From the mythical date Of I
Tie foundation Of the city by Ronulus, IS, !
ycars 3, C., down to the year a95 B. G.,
sLe peninsula WIS divided amoag petty
Static. which were in almost constaa, war.
Tie las, :sn years of this period, from 3.
c. 4'1'tu B. c. :..95, were IN almost constant
warfare By Rome for the conquest If the
peninsula. There must have been at that
PERIOD hardy visor and love of 1o>al in-
dependence in the races inhabitlng the
1.nlian Peninsula, or they could not have
maintained so long struggle for their sep
A,ate ustiunalities, After nearly half
century of barbarous md petty warfare,
Tie Italinn Peninsula came under
the rule Of Rome, B. C. 295.
Then the 1talians made peace with each
r,he,, in order to conquer the world.
Eone continued an aristocratic and
military republic, ruled by its priv
ilesed c:asscs aud itH army, until
neArly tic beginning OF the Christian
era The encroachments Of Julius Crasr
began and those Of Augustus completed, the
subversion Of the republic by m empire
aa husuc1atic as the world ever knew. Not
o,lly were all civil aud military powers vest
el in the Emperor, but he was also the
Pontife1 Maxi1nus Of the religion Of that
day. and, at last, issued his decrees that he
sAo'llheworshipped in the temples as a god.
After 1::'s years of Independence as city,
1:oue WIS Occupied by the barbarian Chief,
Oduacer, a D. 47G. At this time only the
spiritual power CT the Popes had been as
srr1vd ur felt. Come landed possessions,
rariakiug the nature of principalities,
wrre attached to the See OF Rome during
the reign Of Constantine. But the actual
temporal sovereignty of the Popes grew m
between the reigns of Pope Gregury L, A.
II. 7:6. uud Pope Zachary, A D. IA, aud
arose ont OF the neglect of the Byzantine
E,nltrurs. to whom Rome then owed al
lesiauce, TO project the city from the in
VISIONS Of the Lolnbarls, una ,lic efforts OF
tho Poftes to defend it, in wEish they sue
ceeded. l.y the aid OF Oh: rlelaagac. Thus
tie Pope prior TO CLa1lemasne became the
temporal sovereign Of q district including
some txenty-6ve cities, scattered from the
Tiher to the Adriatic, md Charlemague
completed ths work by destroying the Lom-
bard monarchy and ceding 10 the Pops the
e1-Archa.e of Rayenna, .the Island of Corsi-
ca, the provinces Of Parma, Mantua,
Venice, and 1stria, and the Duchiea oi
Spoleto and Beueseuto. Since that period
the Papal States have undergone constant
fluctuations in boundaries, but have nevel
been wholly superseded By other authority
Heavy inroads upon the Pope's domain!
werc made by Victor Emanuel who lef
the Pope only the Ete1nal City and mar
row strip Of territory along the Meditesza
mean With the acquisition Of Rome, thi
unity OF the italian mainland is ROUNDED
and complete.
Two Latin Empires, the first of the svort
and tho second of the crosa, have carziet
The name Of Rome to the ends of til,
earth Is the synonym OF power. Tn,
R11ne attributes Of character which
caused Tberias Caesar to proclaim
himself god, cause Pho Non,
" proclaim himself infallibIe. Whethe
aspiring to rule secular OF religious EN-
pire, the elements Of the Roman characte
have preserved their identity. The yer,
Hose OF Pho Mono is aa Roman as that oi
any Of The csesass. The great Cesar of the
modern world, Napoleon Bonaparte, whose
nainn is still spell Of power in Europe,
WAS Of the Roman stock, a CoraicAn, in
whom the ambitious spirit and 1nilita.,
Gouius Of ancient Rome were concentrated
in all their intensity.
It's reasonable TO hope that, with the an
rouncc1nent Of Papal infalibility and th
simultaneous downfall OF the popo's TEN
lvral power, new era dawus upon Italy
and thAt the Lain race of the 1eninsul,
enters now upon its third empire. Th,
ttst Was one Of usurpation and conques
over nations, and extended over /, ,3o4 yoars
The second was one of spiritua
EsuEpalion and conquest. aud hn