The New York herald., 1870-11-27

nlxueT CuAS6b
three per cent OF the 90 European subjects Of
the Czar, or nearly half the number Of the total
urban population. What, 1t may be asked, are these
compared with the 10000 OF the rural classes
! Were these all engaged IN husbandry alone,
| manufacturing industry would appear 10 nave
sorry chance. But, IN truth, IL Is the power OF
Russia u engage al once such large numbers N pro.
ductive industry which constitutes her first mal-
teral source OF strength while the habits OF the
Russian peasant-wno has been aptly described
by Mr. Michel as at the same tlme more or less,
a mechanic manufacturer a trader and a la
borcr tor hire''-iavor industrial operations
through the long months during which agri-
cultural work is in suspense. Moreover, we are
told that "in thirteen OF the central provinces of
Russia, where The SOL IS less favorable to the
development OF husbandry, the population IL
very extensively engaged III industrial pursuita
The manufactures spread over the country, bat
found mostly IN the provinces OF Vladimir Moscow
st. Petersburg ana Jaroslay give employment 70
about 35S,OOO workmen. Nearly all the villages in
the latter province are interested more or less
directly in the deyoopment oil manufactlrlnr INDUS
try. thousands OF hands are employed in the vii.
Iages OF vladimir IN spinning and weaving cotton,
While entire village communities deyole themselves
10 some particular branch OF industry. Some vi.
lages produce hardware, Others cutlery; wooden
boxes WIN be made IN one commune, boots ana SHOES
The exclusively manufacturing classes, how.
eyer are no ueros IN ,ne m cns Of shese
industries there Is understood TO be little
more than three quarters o. q million OF per.
tins year ADDS TO the number Cotton and iron are
the principal branches, wool and SIX being much
neglected, 10 the advantage OF foreign manufac-
turers On The other hand, rural enterprise extends
very generally through The masses OF the people and
has raised the Russian peasant 10 the position he
now occupies. however dangerous this may be to
the future OF the empire Ii appears from MIR.
Michell's recent report 10 the Foreign ONCE that
there are 23 900 peasant propretors in Rlissla
ana that while the landed nobility and gentry and
the merchants who nave purchased lands since 1861
form class OF landhoderS numbering little over
10000 exclusive 0. their laies) ana holding
nth OF the total area OF land capable OF being cut-
oa'eI oa RUSSIA numbering about 4soopooo 81
both sexes, and formerly known as serfs, crown
peasants ana appanage peasants, now occupy, un-
der variety OF denominations and fOrns or tenure
another hfih Gf the area OF cultvable lands. The
agricultural element, however, Is diminishing, and
1t is said that considerable proportion Uf til in
habitants or villages nave for years past ceased
TO he agr altursts although they are stlli officially
included within that category. The Russian govern
ment, indeed, encourages this movement by the I'M
position OF protective tarlll on manufactures
some new leid o. employment was indeed requisite
fof the old Russian trade is passing into other
hands. Australia and America are rlva Of Russia
IN wool production; an III the nine years since the
emancipation OF the Russian serls the cattle ke 1y
the russian peasantry has been reduced oy one-half
the tallow exported annually being .carceiy tnlrd
OF that six years ago.
Russian trade on the whole has been far from
hourisnng during the last few wears, and 1t is still
depressed. IL appears from report by Mr.. Horace
Rtmbold that the exports tue first quarter OF the
present year showed no improvement over those lor
1859. But the imports in 1863, in some cases, rose
as much as IIty Der cent and only seven cut OF the
ported showed any decrease. OF these latter the
most striking is the decrease in the importation OF
sugar From 70o0 90 roubles In 1865 1t has latteriy
fallen to S00 900 roubes thus proving the great
tension OF the nallve beet root sugar industry.
The Importation Of Canton tea increased eleven
per cent. Wine in casks advanced ten per cent,
While champagne has even increased fourteen per
cent Notwithstanding The heavy duty 10 which it Is
subjected. The importation o salt rose ten per cent
and raw cotton now admitted lree was imported TO
the amount OF one-quarter more than In 1868. Cot
ton yarns and cotton goods the duties on which
WI ra0d ra1 md Inv fhn nnu
tarin, show an advance or eighteen per cent and
forty-seven per cent respectively. Tobacco In the
leaf rose fytwO per cent while linen goods, though
now more lightly faxed, ieli of by a third.
Society in all its gradaons appears to have
gone mad on railway enterprise IN Russia observes
Mr.. Rumbold in special report on the subject,
though he points out considerable method In that
madness. The Russian railroads available for traffic
last year measured over o. 500 verss more than four
ifths OF them having been lald down within the last
ten years. BY the end Of the present year 1T is be-
lieved more tnan S.240 vers,s VIII have been added
TO this amount. to be further increased by upwards
OF 4000 versts In the next two or three Ihus
on the lst OF January 1874 IT may be expected that
network OF litte less than 1000 versIs railroad
(which was expected to be increased by the Open
ing OF several other lines, the survey of which
been granIed) viii cover great po ton OF the
face OF the Russian empire. These figures, however
] Significant Mr. Rumb0ld remarks, convey only a
/ partial idea OF the energy and zeal with which The
! Russian government and the Russian nation have
devoted themselves TO The task OF railway build
| ing,n
One serious drawback 10 the financial future or
Russia is the immense army which 1t considers
eXpedent to maintain. An official classification OF
the population last year admitted nearly 1000, 900
ine military element. OF course inclusive OF the
soldiers families which, with the restrictions OF the
Russian regulations upon tine marriages OF soldiers
we presume do not count one-half Of the total Thus
md some t25, 100000 sterling spent on the
and marine departments In peace time, or about
one-third OF the total expenditure or the empire.
What wonder we hear OF yearly recurring deficits
approaching i'll their magnitude tnese OF Turkey,
and met in similar manner by loans,
though raised 1T less usurions rates II would
seem hopeless yet to expect financial equilibrium
IN RUSSIA, despite its vast resources ana unques
tionable prosperity. The present CZar has shown
no disposition to abandon The traditional policy Of
Russia. The probable Issue OF events in France
and Germany Is not calculated to induce the CZar
to diminish his iegiOns, while the sinister rumors OF
Russian naval aspirations support the BELIEF that
ae marine expenditure for the next few years will
increase rather than diminish. Then there is the
grand scheme OF railways which is absorbing millions
OF foreign capital. Beneficial Us they may eventually
be, and possibly remune.ative, II Is certain that,
constructed as they are more with regard TO strate
gcal than commercial considerations, they must
entail heavy expenditure upon the imperial
excnequer. Nevertheless, we augur a great future
for Russia, II 0nly in their wisdom her rulers act
up 10 the principle OF peace within her own borders