, 1870-03-27

uEEeh Ne nu1ue1pu4, 6hu OeIQtn4 Al hCs{lAn-
tance With several seiencss fer their appsecaA-
ton. When competent professor Ut these
.ccencee has, in \ book comprising about 800
we1lhi1cd paHcs Of print, made conpAct ex-
position Of this knowledge, and the means BY
which II has been acquired, it Will be belicvea
and value Of work 30 intricate aud COM
prcheIsive. We may say generally that the
book deals with tie early history Of
man In ali it's aspects except those re-
,stins to to grGGnrMAE M idsa This sSb'sst M h.s hssD
been numerous independent contributors to .
knowledge OF it, AID il is much to Say for Sir
Joilu that he has been one Of the most eniht,-
ELASTIC oil these, beeides being the hryt to sur
vey nearly the whole field covered by tha
laLo1s Of lis fellow-Ho1ke1s. The sun of their
toric archaeology. This Hcience claims 10 form,
the LUX between geclogy aud history. 1t is
very imperfect, but al BcieueeH take long to
Krow, and tllis ono can scarcely be said To have
been growing for half ; eanturg. From the
nature Of the case, its progress depends on
soae.i,ne, sawaniing e1plorstianA, but fre-
4ufntly accidents. Thus it sameWhat re-
sen,bles geology. They both owe their in
completeness 10 similar cauees-&n imperfect
teculd and an Imout necessarily Imperfect
the highest dcgree Of completencas it la
capable Of. One great purpose serSed by
srch work n tho present il that it helpa to
make clear the gaps that have 70 BE- filled and
tic directions and Districts IN which roseareh
shpt1A be made.
'rrelisto1io Times" may b regarded as
flst deAla with tho evidences OF the 6o-caIlod
ages OF stone, hEpnzs, and iron; the second
continues tho disclozufo Of this evidence in
connection with an account OF ancient monu-
ments, tumuG lzke-hAhtations, shell-mopnds.
and caves kneaent1y Inhabited by nan, le1tling
UP 10 consolidation Of the general evideurea
Of tie antiquity Of man; and the third is de-
taynges, Iba fEst two divisions arc intercou-
ne<te<a; The third casts light back on the mAss
Of facts In item exhibited. By argument and
inference from the present, wc can often
Pretty confidently supplement tho record Of
tie past whcrc it Is defective. In tho light Of
6denuy, According to our f1itt il Tho ievc cIop-
nrut hypothesis, rchaailitate tho men Of prs-
histaric tines, comprehend tho faishs thpy
cherished. and the manner OF tEcir lives.
The results Of the cafei,l study Of tho re-
mains Of antiquity Ire sisted % 'bs tha4 pse-
historic archaeology may be divided into four
main periods, rs follows al. That Of the
diff, wien man shared the Possession Of
Europe With tho mammoth, tho care-bcar, tl,s
wco1ly- y-haited zhiuoccrus, md ether extinct
anin1a Ih1s Ne may call the 'palnolithle'
period. 2. Tho istter, or polzhedetoue ago;
period characterized BY beautiful wcapons
and Instruments made Of Hint and other Kinds
e stone, IL which, however, We find no t1see nf
The knowledgo Of any metal excepting gold,
which seems to have been sometimes nshd for
period. III. Tho bronze ago, IN which bronze
WA !'ssd for arms aud cutting Instruments OF
al kinds. II. Tho iron age, in which that |
metal had superseded bronze Tor AIMS, axes,
knives, dc.i bronze, however, still being ia !
e1nmon use fos ornsmsnss, and frequently |
dough never for tho blades" All tho objec- |
tons 70 This classification that have been urged
arc stated with fairness and caodor, and The !
reader Ii guarded aEAust surposiEg Tic cla.si. |
Ae11ion 70 be spphed to al parts Of tho world |
aad fsces OF tnea- Indeed, It conId not |
~cI be, sone rscas, liko the Fue-
g;ans. being still In the stone acr. aud |
nero being countries, Ike ChiuA Aud japan. Of |
whoee prehistoric archaeology We have no ac-
counts The classification is meantime aa-
statement that al We know makes Il probable |
Gnt II ia applicab}o ali over tho world in tho |
casA Of ths At'Eanced racce.
The classification Ia familiar. Tho interest /
Of Ae present work lies very much in the e1- |
position Of the evidence which supports it,
aud the discussions it contains 81 obiec. |
toua that lasa been urged against Il. We
must fay that the impression left on our minds |
by these frank discussiops il thst the whole |
subject is involved in more oLscu1ity than
might be expected to remain ro1ll series Of
propositions which laSe settled inta : so1t Of
creed with mahy people. The classification
being set mp for the European area mainly, it
u unsatisfactory to fh1 il an open question !
whether the AEe OF h1ouxo In Europe, for OF.
ample, wta o1s into which tho precedent stone-
sso men Independently worked tilsir way, OF
Was imported, II VIC may so speak, into Europe
from non-Europcau souree. Professor VII
son, il appears, u al the o.inion that the o.ul-
uentAGoh characteristic Of 1e bronxo AGO IL
Semitic He Is inclined to A.crile
e. T. Saasea rGaaesa Of NJ q s s'0a1s 1.s
reasonr, but on tho Whole hts osn
IL "a follows Though therc IL
amp1c evidence TO provo th.e tho general use
izcs vel 1-na1lcd period In history. it rns.nt /
k!eo be admitted tht We have ssiu very much |
70 lcatp In re6ard to thia Snaoeestin7 phaae IL |
the Development Of European a7fizasion,
was introduced Into our conL1snt-' 1t Is OBJ
tious that OF tha tvu eonsca in which tho
phrase "rhxec Of dstelopment" 1nAy b. |
taken, the enc that first oocuss il that Of
phase spontaneously passed into BY people
q a. "tress Of sten,sy step p5ossoa" sel5eved
tlis only is deretopucpt; stop taien y
Lcfp being rather OF the nature of FEpgzeaa
BY education. We arc folced, then, 10 set
akiLo the iIea lAt the classification Il ost&l,-
ahed even for The European area u 4 classi.
6cAtson Of phases & dcselopmant In The sszist
sense. LeavinG tho European aroA, ~ ~e
sloufd be obliged 10 do on the hypothesis Of
l1ofteso1 Wilson. inquiry would fail tohe taAdc
n the Semitic Ascs ~ to whether the Arrh9o-
oSicaI remains there SHOW tho ago OF stouo to |
aAvc preceded The ago Of hrunze. There u, !
70 balicre, BONO evidenen that it did, but II |
,aa not been within the scope Of this work 10 1
iiacloee that evidence The fullest statement
hat NO have Observed Of tlo range Of thc
tone ands ia II P. los: "1hsonshout tha
indeed, stone implements wczo in use dountoa
modatn penol, and In many
,a1tn aze 80 xtn. In A1ia and Africa, On tho
CntT1ry, IS IN Europe, stone implements /
ave, fos the 1nost part, boou long Abandoned.
;tn ttcre, - for instance In AgoTiA and II Tho
apo, In Palestine aud Assy1iA, In 1niia and
'1rxh, stone implements have been diaooye ezod, |
hn~tng that these Countries 1so, Ike Europe,
arc, In II probability, passed through an age
Il stone" This ts TesJ widc distribution IL
Iced, and, taken along With the Inherent p1oaa-
dit1cs Of the cass that men woua not al It
'nce reach tho IT Of working in ruetAls, may
,c held To exclude reasonable doubt that 4
Il ne ago preceded metallic Sin We think
to taa1Ein for conjecture is BROADER than it
Eould be, considering the Importance Of sct.
Ling tho question whether tho Classification Of
.ges = merely one Of local y.lue, o. se,
A't = itself to genera c2uses and to phases Of
.umnn Development Let us not b. unaat-
socd 10 Imply that Sir John Lubbock Assarta
OF ioo elsshincztion meantime more than focA
'atae. He ts e1Heme1y GuAraod, - We said.
= ~ lsaak - to tho fretenhlops and range OF |
ne fl1an0csstou. Whit we deaire to point |
ny ny m lno 1ast for Ehsch mon o1 scihncs ara