The New York herald., 1870-10-06

which circumstances make OF Importance or osnee-
wise. The war between the principal clans ~ car.
having the largest number OF adhercnts IL sure of
carrying the election. and OF placing men IN once ~
'eders who VIII clear the innocent and the guilty.
alike Of the dominant party and condemn every per.
son whom they accuse when this N accomplished
color OF their policsu and Join the successful arry
or tney run the great risk Of losing their property
and OF being sold into slavery or to cooie traders.
through the OOnnlvance and vlany OF the oppo siSS
party. On the eXtermination OF one party another
rises within the fold OF the successful one, cutting
1t Into c0ntending factions, whose dificultes wIh
not be healed until another election or u bloody
street fight shall place one greatly In the ascendant
Thus an .elder,'' instead OF being an upright Judge
and careful superintendent OF the polce ls SIMPLY
THE sHYLocKs OF CHINA.
Just here, Colonel COnwe remarks, that through
the nterpOstion of the elder mandarin Ii found
who VIII not only grant the desired permission, but
also advance the funds necessary ior the passage:
For TINS amount he charges the moderate rate OF
seventyfivc per cent and the co0le executes BOND
pledging the bodies OF his wife and children TO se-
cure the payment thertof II he should fall TO pay
tie amount in nine mouths from date, either at th0
Chinese banking house named In San FRANCISCO, or
m s s re 81 he en w e rn % ns
enough to cancel the deDt, and singly II one per-
son can be found TO buy them all " reasonable
price.
The Chinese as people havea special liking for
feeling has given rise TO great many secret socie
ties, clans and brotherhOOdS, III which candidates
SYMBOLIC ,nanmuyres. Ike he TreeIaasons sons and
Odd Fellows or the United States, these societies
have no connection whatever with government
The clans that capture so many OF the prisoners who
are sold to the Portuguese ''c0Olie traders" are
usually Il kind OF secret family organizations, the
purpose OF which is to exermnate The fam ly OF
some enemy Another Kind OF secret soc ETY. ~
that entered into by labOrers to induce an advance
OF the organized Strikes Of .6e Crispins, Miners
prlnters, &C., OF America; but they seldom accom-
pllsh anything permanent. Perhaps continued secres
mo- annA fhrnaf fnnnh al Aint " "A faOA
Of men, the numbers and character OF which Is un-
known to him. may induce the capitalist to raise
their pay for a few weeks In order that he may geI
his money out of the business and invest II ese-
where; but beyond that nothing has been done.
For two thousand years the laDorers nave been
behaving themselves, yeb they are as much Op.
pressed as ever, and the rate nf wages now is not
over i've or six cents a day. The capitalists nave
become loo much afraid Of 'strikes" TO invest In
manufacturing enterprises, and high and low rich
and poor suffer in consequence. arketmen or
merchants dealing in tue same articles often COM
Dlne, and in secret conclave resolve the
price up or down, at the same time setting
behavior, as viii create demand for their merchan-
disc. thus IL Will be seen that the Chinese were
combinations and monopoiies a thousand years or
more before America was discovered. Insurance.
associations, by the terms OF which assistance u
rendered to any member in case OF accident either
to his property, family or himself are often louno.
assocationS asa are oupsng and beneca they in
sure each others crops, animals ana cOthing ana
unite IN the expenses when relative OF any meln-
ber dies. II said that they insure poor young men
a happy marriage and take risks on the sex OF an
unborn child, each member paying his share OF .
loss on the ''mutual'' plan.
BURIAL SOCIETIES.
Since the emigration to America became so active,
a variety OF societies have been organized for the
purpose at insurng to the emigrant a successfut
trip sound health or safe RETURN These, IL Is said.
did great business at one time, but owing to the
difficulty OF collecting premiums from members, or
dues from the company III case Of loss, they have
nearly all died out. Out or these mas sprung
another, which. as 1t Is founded on a much firmer
basis than lis predecessors. may enjoy longer and
more prosperous life. Ii Is called by Europeans
the "BuriaI Insurance Company" It's mem
bers are bound by oalns or contracts that
they have been known TO deny the very existence
or the society, the benefits OF whose care they
shortly aiter received. Enough Is seen OF IT, how
ever TO know that the body OF any member VINO
dies abroad will be brought home at the expense or
the society and buried with his ancestors. The
agents OF The company make it part Of the con-
tract, when procuring passage for members, that In
case OF death on board rne shpmaster shall embaIm
and SEND home the body. 1t is supposed that each
member IL the authorized agent OF the company, In
case OF DEATH and all of his expenses IN attending
to the transportation OF the body on land or water
with the cost OF em0atmng, Is paid promptly upon
the receipt OF MS Dlll In Hong Kong THIS society
also cares for the bodies OF men who are not mem
bers, ana has made contract win the steamships
and other vessels that ply between San Francisco
tain surgeon Of each ship under obligation to
balm and bring TO Hong Kong the body OF every chi
nalnan who dles upon the ship. The usual price paid
Tor this service Is twenty-five or thirty doliars.
When the body OF man Is received who has no Ger.
tlfcate OF membership the company pays the
charges and. adding US fees, sends the bill with tho
body 10 the town where live The friends Of the de-
ceased the party having charge OF the body " In
structed not to deliver It until the bill is paid or
ample security given for its future settlement Ar
the Secretary Keeps record OF all who enigrato
from that port, with the address Of their relatives.
would make any sacrifice rather than suffer tho
spirit to curse them for the llect OF the body they
manage IN some way to pay the cOmpany's account.
and bury the romans according to their supcrsti-
to,s CUSTOMS rNa. G1n
THE PASSAGE HITHERwARD. r /.
After the usual examination by the United StateA
officials, whose duty 1t Is to prevent what Is called
'coolie siasery,n the men embark Tor their voyage.
None but healthy persons taken board the
steamers ana. although they refuse to take medi-
cine at the hands OF any Physician other than OF
their own race, but lew deaths occur Their time IS
dlssipated In gambling, opium smoking or in other
methods whicn the genius OF tile Chinese mind in
vents 10 while away the tedious hours OF voyage
on board the steamers. With sailing vessels
the case Is sometimes different. In some In
the enecs Of bad food and lnsufciens ventilation.
The law OF the United States has regulated the
cmgranl tralic that United Staes consul will NOS
clear vessel that IS crowded beyond healthy and
comfortable limit But many sailing vessels alter
obtaining clearance from the Consul General at
Hong Kong, heave 70 In the straits below that city
and take ON board large number OF coolies sent
down I'm small boats for that purpose The coolies
nave no thought OF disease. ana willingly crowd into
the vessel as long as the officers viii receive them
1t Is In the interest OF the owners OF such ships that
false circulars are sent into the country, While the
may SAID be in inverse ratio to the aluring
promises made TO them In the placards.
HUMAN SLAVERY.
lt has often been stated by writer's upon China
that slavery In that country very ''mild form
Of scryitude;' and their conclusion Is usually
reached by comparison or the coOlie in state OF
slavery with his condition before he became bOrd1
man. This would be correct inference II the pre-
viOs condition OF the coulie state OF freedom;
Tor the status OF slave in China but very little
lower than that or the lowest class OF free coolies,
wnle IN instances the former condition is lar
trrp lie A he
property OF some rich man, who, although he
has absolute control or the laborer. will
take little care To provide sufficient
food aud clothing 10 Keep him in working
condition. TO DC free laDorer Is 10 be subject to
the same conditions which hamper the action OF
slave, whe, with The wages ne receives, he cannot
provide himself with the necessities or life, Ob
lain ths smallest portion OF the care which s be-
st0wed upon the slave. such being the case the
state Oh absolute slavery II Dut single step down.
ward, ana has advantages which make 1t "mlld''
indeed. But when we consider the condition OF the
10 u adNanfaIal Ol