The New York herald., 1870-12-01
THE EASTERN QUESTION.

The Russian Circular Notc-Prtncc G0rtcha-
kon,s Arguments and Conclusions--Arau-
ments Of the Czar.
natl telegram from Berlin, OF November 49, re-
ports as follows:--The Russian Circular Note, which
has caused SO much excitement In diplomatic
circles win not be published for some days In the
Journal de 81. 1'stersbourq, but am enabled to
send you the following very full summary OF this
most Important document
The nete sent by The government Of 81. Petersburg
its plematc agents abroad bears the date OF the
10th OF October. 1t begins by declaring that the
Czar's government considering the alterations In.
uoduced ny recent events la those transactions on
which the balance OF power in Europe was
supposed to rest, has felt the necessity Of
examining the consequence, s,s resulting there,
the psiitical position OF the Russian empire The
treaty Of the 18th OF March is3s Is what most @ I'm:
the special convention between the two Powers,
bordering on the Black Sea 'sassanCes Riverdfnes,
TO the smallest proportions her naval torces In that
sea- the neutrality OF which was, In return. guaraa-
teed by the same treaty. The object oil the Powers
who signed the treaty In guaranteeing THIS neutra!-
ity was to avoid all possibility OF collision, as well
these and the other maritime Powers. The benefits
OF the neutrality were 5y the conseat OF Europe, TO
he extended 10 many other countries, thus 10 screen
Russia from ali danger OF an aggression. But the
experience OF fiteen years has proved that the
soundness OF this principal Of neutrality, on which
rests the safety OF Russia throughout the extent OF
her frontier on this side, was mere theory,
practically, while Russia was dlsarnjng In the
Black Sea, and even, by declaration la!c down in
herself Of the possibility of adopting eficacicus
maritime measures OF defence in the adjacent seas
and harbor5, Turkey, for her own part, mani aimed
the right OF Keeping unnAted naval forces In the
Archipelago and III tine Straits; France and England
rons In the Mediterranean. II was besides, stpl-
lated by the terms OF the treaty that the entrance
into the Black Sea should be formally and forever
lntcrdicted TO tho men-efwar both OF the two
Powers bordering on the Black Sea and OF all other
Powers; but by virtue Of the socalled Convention OF
the Stlaits these Straits closed to men-of-war
only in tunes VI peace, a contradiction which ex.
poses the coasts OF the Russian empire to all aggres-
least powerful could easily dispose OF naval forces to
small dimensions.
1866, not proof against the notifications under
gene by most European transactions, In oonse-
uueuce of which the written International law
eroun ded on respect 10 treaties as basis OF pubic
right and as rule OF tho relations between states
no longer involves the same moral obligations at
Molda via and waiachia the dcstlnies Of which had
been fixed by the treaty OF peace and by the subse.
Powers, have gene through succession OF revolu-
tions contrary 70 the letter and the spirit Of those
transactions They have been united IN one state,
these changes have been erected with the
consent Of the Porte, with the conniyance
any effort On their part TO make good their remon-
stranees THESE attractions OF the explicit stpula-
eiVHn VI .he treaty were only denounced Dy tno
representative OF Russia, who pointed out to tho
other governments che Migrant contradictions In
viewed by then acquiescence. The imperial govern
would have readily approves these concessions
granted to one of the Christian nations In the East
II they had lcen Inc result OF general understand.
ing between the Cabinets and the Porte and II they
had been based Oh principle applicable to all the
Christian populations In Turkey; but tho conces.
gisns were exclusive. The Imperial Cabinet could
not see without surprise the treaty OF the 18th OF
March I656 violated with impunlty In one Gifts most
Essential clauses only few years after Its conclu.
sion and In the face OF the great Powers jsined
Ia conference at Paris and represent.
lng In their Joint capacity the high COL