The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23
md in Trinidad the number OF Indian Immigrants


working on estates on October J. 1863. was 155oo of
which number s,42e males and 1905 females were
under inden urc, and 32i5 males and 1851 females
were not under indenture.
In the year ending June 30, 1855, the number OF
coolies In British Guiana who renewed indenures for
five years was $780, receiving In bountes 1921 500 for
80 doing. and during the same period 100 paid the
sum OF $l8,557 a. Communication for further service
ton to commute The number or those VINO re-
indentured themselves Is evidence OF general con-
tentment Of the coolies with their position. Many 81
those who paid Communication were Chinese, who did
80 Tor the purpose Of obtaining the bountles they
were enabled to acquire upon entering Into fresh In
FEMALE c0oLIE EMIGRATION
The question OF the proportion Or females TO males
has II been a subIect attended, with consderanie d
Guilty, because, on the one hand, small proportion
OF women gives rise To stries and eaouses. II not 10
worse crimes, among the men; whlle, Oh the other
nand 1t has been found that to require large pro-
portion leads TO the acceptance Of q very Inferior
class or u an injurious limitation OF the whole
Der Of emigrants. At the commencement Of an
organized cOoe emigration In ls44 the regulations
required that twelve out OF every hundred clgrants
was afterwards very much enlarged. and In 1885 an
increasing scale OF female emigration was author
year and gradually advancing yearly until II reached
ilty per cent in $780, The proportion OF women 10
poelonate terms beng agreed upon for the intro
duction OF Indian coolies into the French island OF
Bourbon; but 1t was eventually decided by the Brit
tsh government In 1865 10 TX the minimum proper
ton Of fifty females to every hundred males.
The pIoprt.cn Of females 3 resident IN the Manrl.
females among returned emigrants.
WAGES OF THE COOLIES.
When coolies were first introduce into the Maui
ritlus anu British Guiana they were engaged under
contra Z for a stipulated sum per month This, how
ever, was changed when the emigration was placed
throughout the world, those OF the cooe are now
regulated by supply and demand. For instance,
en e IN eu be wsa 10 10 Ss
advanced rom SO % to 81 % per month, and, as
laborers continued scarce, continued for some time
near the latter amount. In 1854 the greater bulk Of
the coolies en- aged on the sugar estates received
wages ngng from So 80 to "a SO, ana In 1866 the
IN the Colony for the three years sS
04-65 were:-D0meslc servants about S6 field hands,
about 81 49, and for those engaged In trades about
seven dollars per month, including ratons In every
case. Tie average rate OF wages for the period
in Trinidad was from fifty dollars to $50 per
field hands, ana nom cighty-ihree cents to one dol
lar per day for those engaged In trades with ratons
In British Guiana, during the same years, domestic
servants received an average OF $l25 per annum
and those engaged In trades from fifty cents TO two
dollars per day. In the latter colony field hands
paid according to work, nom thlity.two TO forty
eight cents per task which can be performed IN from
five to seven and half hours, according to the
strength aud skill Of the lab0rer.
THRIFT OF THE COOLIES.
The coolies as a class have been found to he very
saving Of their money and the result has been that
many have returned home With arge sums OF money
sufficient TO make them men Of wealth among theii
| poor countrymen ut home. A party OF 447 VINO left
| for remittance to India $50 100 equal 10 Sl6s N
for each adult In the party; In addition
mattel to lie worth s. 900. In September 1865
another vessel the Clarence, sailed from the same
colony with 499 coolies. OF whom $50 were Adults,
for each adult.
One man and his wife who originally emigrated
to Trinidad III ls44 returned home nc the expiration
OF i've years. came back again to Trinided IN 1858 at
their own expense, and returned home q second
time, with $l,099 IN specie.
Mo ifaI nv n no avyin,
bank OF the Mauritus amounted in the year 1864 to
nearly $4,000. At the commencement OF 1862 there
were 5317 depOsiCors ana the amount then standing
to their credit was $7l4210 The amount carried
away by returned coolies from the MaurItius Is be-
licved to be very considerable.
RESULT OF COoIIE LABOR IN THE MAURIrIUs.
Tie best method OF testing the advantages OF
coolie labor is To compare the production OF the
various colonies before its Introduction and M the
present time In consequences OF the planters
IN the Mauritius awaiting themselves OF this
class of labor before their slaves were enabled 10
desert them the product OF the island never declined
to that great extent which was experienced in other
colonies. In the two last years OF slavery the ex-
portatlon OF sugar was o. 4s6 $40 pounds I'm 1879
aud II I43 SOS pounds In 1884; the next year being
the first Of tie apprenticeship system, there was
amount being Ga Sj4 515 pounds and the year fol.
lowing there was further decline OF la %, 900
pounds But the first lot OF coolies, OF whom IT, VIII
be remembered about 900 were introduced be.
tween 1884 and 1892 now began TO have an effect
upon the produce OF the island so that in 1871 the
one. third more than what II had been I'm 1888: and
then the prohibition imposed upon cooiie emigr,,.
ton by the Indan government Ia 1889 began TO effect
the colony, as the contracts Of those who had been
introduced into the island were expiring and thay
were rapidly returning home This led to a falling
or IN exports OF nearly lo,oooOOO pounds in 1872
aud q further decline Of III 5O0O pounds i'm 1898
being u fan Of about thirty per cent In ONLY two
years and making the expectation in the las-named
year amount to pounds or nearly Il 00O OcO
less than in the last year Of savery-plany prov ng
that If the planter had been compelled TO depend
upon the negro for the cultivation of his lands he
must ultimately have been ruined. Fortunately for
him. just at this time coolie emigration was recon-.
menced, aud tn 1t tie fortunes OF the island were
revived SO that in lsl4 the exports rose TO rs
pounds and in the next year to "a, 3s4 1877 pounds
And from that period the production OF the colony
gradually increased IN almost exact ratio 10 the
number OF coolie abo ers IL received so that by 1857
the export OF sugar reached 23l 012 pounds and
In 1885 II had further advanced to go O55 7s3 ponds
with 4s63o5 gallons of rum--both being the products
Of the sugar cane Thu se facts give practical and
conclusive evidence OF the advantage OF emp owing
cooe free labor as substitute for that OF the negro
RESULT OF cOOLIE LABOR IN BRITISH GUIANA
The result OF the employment OF the coolie has not
been remarkable IN this colony as IN the Mauri.
rius for while the planters In the latter colony have
been DESTROYS OF developing lis resources 10 the