The New York herald., 1870-04-25
TIE TENlXNCEES OF GOVERNMENT.
Second Fart Of Mrs. Victoria @. Woodhulrs PHI
lppic-Law Peoples and Communities from
Female Point Of View-Lessons In
History, Politics and War.

cation the second part OF her paper On inc "Ten-
denotes OF Government the preface to wnion has
Already appeared. Mrs. W0odnal has undertaken
Che difficult tass OF enlightenng the puolic nina Oh
the best means OF running the governmental mn
chine OF America Though her views expressed m
thus paper have wide rauge 1t must be sara that
she Is but putting herself in wind for a remeadous
attack on .the best governments the world ever
eawn Being already in .he race FOR the Presidency
mot OF .he Sorosis, but oi the Un.ed States) her
pronunclamentos are OF course very important:-
1t must begin to be apparent that the proposition
- tnat the evolution oi government does not amer
from mat Of simplest orlanic lors ei.ner m prl c
ple or III mode Ol operation Ihe same Jaws that the
plant grows and puluphes o. society grows and
mntIpes oy: the same laws tnat prng iruit 10
perlecnou anu dissolution perfect aud dissolve So
cietles. rne same ava that produce anp contro
tue units Of the animal kinaiom produce and con
the ebDing ana flowing Of the tides tnat
determines whether tho component parts oi
Names the movements Of socety and the
conditions OF its existence: ana tl same law that
prouuces an earthquaAe here, yoeanic eiupttoo
there or terrific hurricane elsewnere produces the
etuLQuake5 volcanic crapticns ana the nurrcanes
that are ever moo,iJlng and caaagng society sym
boIs oil all the various processes society PASSES
lnroueh III growth ard extension can be Ionad
m every other depa ttment OF the universe; or 60
assert the same lac dine carly. eyerywa re In the
unversp there IS constant enort 20 attain an e1u-
hDriun-a continuous working 10 supply wants, an
uaceaslng process OF demand aad supply wnicn are
universal cxemp PUBLICATIONS. OF the aw that motion Is
Always N the directol OF the ieasI RESISTANCE the
xreAlest traction, or tue resultant OF the Two opera
tlls cony0,ntIv
but " hds uoes history tell OF the foundation and
dissolution OF governments and what ilustraiion O
tne law OF prO1res5 does Il afrd Az before stated
those who have most earnestly studied prehistoric
hme have found ample e.idence hat the liine was
wren the head OF lne ,ainiy was the b.gnest sove
reign power anu so absolute IN us cnafac er that the
hovidUdi was entirely si0Dierged in 1t anc State
SUPREMACY was an lnpossDislty. NOlhllg but az
afeaJ anu confusion coud nave attenGeo sucn RUE:
constant rivars, jealousy ANA content0n mast nave
Kept VI cont.nIa sirle besween ADJACENT families,
wnich coud know no settlement eycepL lurou III the
suO!agation or destruction Oi tae weaker OF the
eontendlng parties. o. tnis order OF governmental
RgNregatons 1t Is questionable ii the earth pre-.
6cht uruiSns5 any Illustrations unless II be In some
part thereof to wh'ch the dIscoverer has not yet
penetrated. Ul the next, OF TRIBAL order OF aggre-
gates 10 does. however: ana with this second order
the real ANALYSTS aud c0mparison must begin
tuOugn we nave 20 OBJECTIVE means OF demorstr.t-
nR tne c0ldit'ons stated Us exisung. When Ianiy y
sovereignty was universal 1t can readily be seen
that Sne Continued existence OF such conditions
woulo De lnposs bic, for the csninuoas sub
lueations and anna gamatl0ns OF families woun
lead drsctS to trioa cGmuaniiIes at nrst in aoso-
ute suoIection 10 one tr,De ~a,cb would grow into
some power, distributed amCng the several tribes
30 also would tue joining together Oi several eaG
ianiies 70 resist more poSerful neigbbor lead d.
rectly 10 Couieaerat on.
1he subugallon and reduction OF families to BOND
age ana slavery was The begilang OF that system OF
lnterdependence now 80 broooly extended nto
Cunlutrce, exchange ana mutual dependence foi
Almost the necessities OF hie In tie times re-
ierred TO every man was his own farmer, tailor
muuinei whea the in3ividuais OF conguering i.mi.
iie5 negan 70 .eiY upon the conquered for certain
services tiey otneiwlse would nave oeen ooligcd to
teIoef themselves. All OF these lacts. exenpIitg
another pniiosopaic rrop0sihon--that Tor anything
u te universe to remain IN Its nologe ,eoas con.
0iton IS iiipossioie winch lmposs pity IS me re-
s",t Oi tns collateral TACT that motion must produce
cianRe wllle constant uiot!on Is inevitable so long
as l1rce persists ana matter resi5ls.
That eminent historian OF tile third decade OF the
eighteenth Century, kol III, thus remarks OF the ear
Aest monuments wnfcu are preserved. treating OF
IN n rg
eFntnent:-"io know III waat manner the States
and Kingdoms were founded that nave divided the
universe, the steps whereby they rose to That pitcn
OF grandeur related IN history, Dy ties families
anu cities uaued IN ORDER 10 constitute one BODY of
anu common auraorltS. 1t VIII be necessary TO
trace ti,ngs back Ia manner 20 The In
In whlcn mankind, being dispersed info
ollerent regions, began 10 people the earth. In
these early ases every lather was iae su2relne hea
Oi us family; the afDJer and Iudgc OF Whatever con
tests aud divisIons might arise within It, the natura
legislator over his little society, tae defender ana
Protector Cr those VINO, by rner Eirth etucatIon
an0 weakness, were under his protection and safe.
guard. Tne laws winch tue pasernai vigilance
estab lsIed IN Lnis domestic senate belng dictated
VITA no olner out 10 promote the general wei.
lire, concerted win s1ch cnidren as were come TO
years OF maturity ana acce. ted By the lnierors
Il 1uli ana Tree consent, were reisiousy Kept and
preserved IN ,ainiles as al hereditary poty, to
wlicn tney owed their peace and security.
but different motives gave rise to drferent laws.
Que man, OverJoyed AZ the blrta OF first born
son. resolved TO distinguish him from future
share Of MS poSscsso0s ana giving him greaGer
autnoriy lii ms family. Another, more attentive TO
the interests CT o beloved wife or o darling daugh.
ter, Wbon ne wanted TO settle III Che world though
II incumbent OF INN to secure their rgnls AID il-
crease Their advantages: The solitary and cherries
state a wife might be reduced TO In case sac should
become widow affected more intimately another
man. and made him provide beforehand for the SUB
sstence and comiort Of woman VINO formed
NlS leClty. In proportion ns every family increased
by tie birth oil children ana tner marrying into
Otner families they EXTENDED tneIr domain, and by
Nm ION Al .l.1 and mir
these different views and others or Ike nature
arUse the diaereat customs ana rights OF nations.
THESE societies growing III ti;ne very numerous,
and tue iauliiies dividing into different branches
each having Its head, :t was necessary TO entrust
beads under one authority and to MAINTAIN the
public good Dy UNIFORM administration. 10
heighten the lustre OF TINS newly acquired dignity
aud to cause them to devote themselves entirely
the puDlc go0d the title OF king was bestowed upon
them and tncy were invested with fail power To I'd
minister justice aud 10 punish CRIME.
At Lrst every eiiy had it3 particular king. who
beng more sohciious OF preserving Ris dominion
than OF euiarging IT, confined ais ambition w!,nn
its limits. 6uL the unavoidable Ieuds taat break out
between neignbors the Jealousy agains. more pow
enui riNai tne turbulent sp,rit OF prince, his
aDd uspiayins his ab.ItY gave use to wars whicn
frequently ended IN the entire subjugatlon oil the
the victors. Thus q hrst victory led the way
70 second, which making q prince more
powerui ana enterpr,sag several citiss ana
arch forming Kingdoms OF greater less ex.
tent, according to the uegree the victor pushed
his conquests. Such was the origin OF the famous
empires that at times included the greater part Of
the known word. From various HISTORICAL aushorl-
ties the 10 lowing SUMMARIES OF history ere obtained
ano are presented as containing some OF the prinCi.
pal pointS oy winch the general progress OF the
world should 90 judged. Inc principal empires CT
ancient Time viii be observed separately; those OF
modern Time under one head because oil the more
Connected character or taer histories, and because
Cl the more general knowledge that Is possessed or
1aem. Then tue general course events took viii be
noticed, the deducuonS that iegitmately now from
them introduced, and the bearing tney have upon
pr sent aas OF the world Ia reference TO its future
condition oi government considered.
There are several nations that have at variou3
times. an0 that st do claim the greatest antinuity
-Iae Chinese. the indians, The SyrlaBs aud Egyp-
3alS appear 10 lave the most evidence To support
zheM cain. The Egyptians oace accorded 1t 10 tue
AhlyG,ans through tue result OF tue some what sim
guar experiment Of confin,ng two children away
from all intercourse with the world unul taey neqau
To cry. '6eec0S,n which was found To be The Phly.
gAn word for bread. Tnis word PsaD,metichns
tne King decided must be Of the original language
and consequently tlat the Pnry giaDa were the orr
Rl0a people.
Manetbo, q high priest OF Egypt, who had charge