, 1870-07-31

EAAA 2kAE& NA OpE05]kG DAIka VI LIZ 4{4uuD6. !
pAxUutAS CAyfPIay.
After ae1ies OF eondict1, which, with the !
exception Of Citale, scarcely rosa shove the |
character OF skutaishes, the first imoortant |
operation OF the campaign opened with the !
mege Of Slisttia, the chief town possessed by |
Turkey On the ba1ks Of the nanube. On the !
14th of April the nuasians hadthrown up bat- |
teries Of great power on the north bank oG the !
river, and commenced the bomba.dment.
Fifty Thousand Rusaian troops weEa m1ssed on |
the eouth shore, in addition to the batteries
on the north, and the defenders Of the city
away, during which most tremendous csa-
nouade, varied By frequent attacks and sor- !
ties, WIS maintained againss the stabbo-nly-
contested fo1t1ess. After more than q
month, the Russian and Turkish
commanders bad an interview, in which the
former STATED, WITH = view to prevent s
further efIuaion Of blood. that he had positive
orders that The place should ba taken. and the
Iattex replied that he had orders AZ positive
that it must he defended, and that he would
not surrender it even it he had but thousaud
n,en and ai1 Russia was at the cstes, headed
" tl1e Car In pe1son. On the 2sd OF Inne
the Russians we're compelled to retire. baf1ed,
ftu,n their work. and the defense Of Silistr.a
became one 81 the most heroic epiaodes OF
cae4neted conflict. By tho treaty Of rho nth
OF June, 1S5a, the Emperor Of Austria under
took to occupy the DanuLian princirslities
centered elsewhere.
BEFORE TIE cR1AEA.
The bonbardme1t Of sinope, in November,
1855, wLich Rcseia claimed ~ great victory,
and the allies designated III = shameless p,aB-
sscre. touscd the Western Powers from the
nsediato:y position they still enleavofed to
hold OF the Eastern question, Ga the 5th ot
entered the Black Sea. = proceeding which put
. stop to further negotiations War was
formally declared by Trance and Eugland in
March, 1SI-2 WIZ undertaken Oh the on1
side to pteaesva the balance Of power in
Europe by preventing Russia from sbsorbing
Turkey, aud pro+erute on tile other with
tie osttnsib!e object Of defending the ortho-
dox faith againEt Mohammetlan aggression.
Austria and prussla held Atoof from the strug-
gie, contentinE themselves with entering into
treaty Of alliance, whereby they were bound
10 4 defense Of each other aud OF Germany
generally, Wis, attacked by Russia or bs
England ard Fra:cc. Tie Mediterranean noN
became atise with Transports and vessels Of
var. Gallipolj, Pera and Scutari became cen.
teTa for tho rapidly y-coilecting troops, and
yn1Ea WAS transformed into one huge camp.
Years Of unbroken peaco hzd rendered the
in the world, and through the summer Of 1854
continuous se,ios of blnnde1s and
delays. WIlc tino w7s being wasted in
tue construction Of useless camps and
in eencraf Inactivity By the allies, The Turks
suffered 3 scries of feyerses in Asia, at Hans,
kurekdcre, and elsewhere. which tended
their opponents Tho expedition Of the CON-
bined deet to The Baltic, In 1854, only served
to reveal the impotence Of the war veAsela
than in use aS1iust the granite fo1tiAcations
that laced them At cronsladt and elsewhere.
The capture Of Do,natsuud formed tho one
slender victory Of the paltic feet, whole fruit
less ctuisa wss productive Of great discontent
among tho eansuine Public, WHO had expected
item to humble the pride Of the CIR.
TIE c11MEAx CAMPAIGN
At lcrgth, in the Auturn Of 1854, tho allied
arnies were Oh tneis way to the Crimes. where
the supremacy Of Ruseia in tie Dlsck Sea. Be-
tween the Itth and 18th Of September the allies,
numbering. over &C, 900 mcn* landed within for
ty miles Of the great fortress Of sebastopol,
which they had come TO reduce, and opened !
campaign IN Nhich privation and pes'ilance cut
down far the greater number OF victims. On
| September 70 the nueslans we're found posted
on tie beiehts shove the little tiycro the A.
Els, End prepared to disnute the further. aa-
v1hce Of the allies, 1ichin1 tho ea1thwoEks in
this strong position it Was estimated that Prince
| Meuschikof ixd 45,110 10 $1,000 1ae,, Tie
| cocl2 Eold euch ! position fer three weeks
against 1de 900 u.cu, but, after b,icf but de-
c,tiSc cout.ict he WAS. cou;ellea to eyacuato
tie ca.sLwosks which he bad cunsi.!ssc1
| a,mcst inrreera}lc. On the Goth Of October
the IsusEiaas 10 the number Of $4,000 nien
made t further stand At Bslaklssa--a battle
| f2,cyer mt noralic from the gallant and fatal
charge made By tue Engl,sa light cavalry
| brigade upon tho Russian g.,ns. II
+ee1us very questionable whc.her this dear
! 1y-l,ouElA victory At al advanced t1.t
main purpose Of the allies, tho taking
I aF Gal, Itn txTt, hat
Of Ipkcrmsu which forwarded il, aud success
| in which werc found Eo legs custly, could oaf,
! l:ave occurred trnn HI entirc n,isappr shepeiot
Of the topography OF the great for:ress nov
nnIcr sirge. Dming the winter OF 1854. Sc
ta6trpul became the centre OF ! formidable
1ieeaxe vert more fatal than the guns of ths
enemy Tho sp-ing et 1855 came, ind still
ttx investment continued without gaining M,
very decisive advantage. Tie ilcets continued
Tie bc:nban1ment, and the lsnd force mad
one gallant. attempt after another Il
ointrent snccess. At length, however
carly in September, nearly yea
after t..,ir ffrst er:i3a1, tho combined a.
sault By ,s,e allies cosstnenc::i, and. after
| teries nf 5sas.nt .=ptr.ea Of tho Redan. th
! Nalskof, aud etber fcrtz, tho Welcome new
! tecame krne: to the 2o0, ,4e0 men Of British
French, T:.rks. nn1 Sar3snians. who wer,
rcrtcd escund Setast1pol, that the great cisa
del had 4. lsngth fallen. On :hc dly befor
tho tnal CAPTURE. 90 COO mea Of bcsierers IN
beeieged hid fallen 'l.c years siege had il
yulscd the construction Of seventy r0iies {
AID slot haa tecn s7cd Into tho soNn from th
.1crtcts aud cannon Ct tue bssicgers, and tb
| entire foss u men during these operations va
probably NOT short Of quarter Of milliol
Driven from tie sou:h side Of Scbastapol th
Russian General resolved to hold tl
| +, SJf fcrN Nf,51rk rkr$ $1Sf
. irg fresh LIVES Of mtn. lo maiusalae
1nnasetf during the winter Of 1o55-56 orposi1
! tie allied trocpe, who faced him on the sontl
,, EN- section Of tie fortres-, which was divide
by deep ann Of tho sea from, tho town aI
. lauparts on the north. In March, 1896, 7.
to Jiseuss tue cessation OF Eoatlislen 1:l1
t1es.v og peace, 1t required, however, near
twelve months Of reEetiatibus 1t Tioana &,
: 1t Paris to arrange tue basis OF lass1l
, reace: and. etter stf, tho thirty .fout articI
: Of treaty left things very much ~ they VIC
= ,iou, pezhaIs, that Russia rians OF aggra
i tliG. NEXT we're proved IL have been prem
. tuze.
Avs1@-tA AND The nocsE OF sAyoy.
: Tie poliry Of armed neutrality followed
i ! Austria during the Ent1jan war was hot Il
u suttes By at least ono Of the Great Powers Q
o esgcj in II. nor wAs the alliance Of the lit
= klpsIe1n Of Sardinia in thAt struggle destip
!, 10 Ge without result in the te17itor7al future
i | Europe. Uu NGw Year day, 1883, the Freu
:. Lmrs1os let fail few significant e1pr'
!: ststs in His pnlhc reception Of tue AmD'
i taloss ef fsreigu Vo"tra< that Convinced I
i world Of tbs luauai.seneu Ut a struggle
/ twetn France aud A,st1ia. It had been I
70 Traditional policy Of tie House Of Savoy u
i ttrti tie beundaries Of sardinia to tue G.
II AID sontA, and to srn at the erection Of
.c lurg1o1a cesoptehcndilg North flaly, ~itl
~ trtU1c view to the acquisition Of the eat
- p,.iLsula- The overthrow of Charles Alo
- ton, hut Ii. scn. xSietor Emanuel, 1nhesl
,c Iii. poiics ard his Jetcrzaiuasiou, and 9
- Hsitea the occasion to carrr It into effect
i deposition on tie part Of tic King Of Sarti
81 wss source Of endless uistvrbance apnc
y, tho t,ssatikaed italian suhje< e II Austria,
l. gave 1ise 10 frequent acts which the Enpe
Il I i'rancis Fosrrh chose to consider AZ demsnd
either diplopiat;e or armed interference. Or
Britain proposed \ conference with view
"A I avertipE htstisitiea, but, ~ preliminary. 4
Ih tina inesstca that Sasaiais should disarn. !
re- demand *a4 refused, sud np the 2sth Of Ap
"a 1853, declaration Of war ~as Issued % =
e. ina and her troops ordered to enter saI'ti'
sa On the lst Of Msy Fr1nce annouased her
,r 1eutiun of supporting her ally, and Of - I
d, | venting blow being struck which would
Il. tahlieh At the foot ct the Alps. contrary to
h. Wish Of friendly patton and to the w1sf
r. tut ieet the whole cf Italy TO foreign
rs fnepce." "The pssses Of The Atps,' I
IL. the document, ''are not ia cur hands,
=. it ia moet important for us that the
d. Should be kept 1t Turin, and Ut Turin oulY.
ir EcRepEAs AsrEcr OF THE s1ACsaLE-
IA Wken the conflict between France and 4
- .sia VAS eeen to b. inevitable, the most
d. trerc coun1icatiune vera. on good authc;
I1edicted rs About to result from 1t. t
L. esid that m Offensive aud defensive Allin
'ua EAU neen 1oFned eet3eeIt france ano nus
nd Ard that between them they aimed ut notl
om lese than reeocsttactiog the map of Eust
M The Terms OK ske eonyact wero even def
sr. to be restoration Of Savoy to France
50. The 1esnlnirg Of her aaeient bounds
Lha | Sazdi1ia VAS 10 annex Itmaardy, q
re~ EussiE vas 10 take the Wallo-Ws
les ctnAn pfoslnces. p Ana " tue y, =
T4v ] Ef1aten nalu1e e1 taese hlAoIa Was Vss