New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-12-31
however, 1t is much less Homogeneous Prof Newberfy
gives it's elements In Northern Ohio as follows

however, 1t is much less homogeneous. Prof Newberfy
gives its elements In Northern Ohio as follows
Cuahoa hle shAe sni dOe bue sandsOne 49,
Beea 81 thTe s. sn me- i e. cr S,,si O.
Cleveland slas Qlack biumnous shs'e)
Prof Newberry says: "0f these the Berea grit is one
of the most valuable elements in geological series in
asmuch as quarrled ut Amherst Berea, Independence
&C. II is from which derive in the form OF
grndstones budingstones, &C. at least 81 100000 anu-
ally"
The "aarboniferousj cOnglomerate lrests upon the
'Waverly" group and the floor of the coal meas
ures II represents belt encreling all the coal
area The average thickness Of the cOngomerate Is 100
FEET II contains large number Of fossil plants Eencr-
ally similar those found in the local measures" At
Akron and Cuyahoga Falls, in Summit County and
Mansfield in Rchand County, it forms very beautiful
building stone Some Of the finest residences on Euclid
ave. Cleveland are built Of the Akron stone. Its olor
is a deep, purplish red
THE OHIO DRIFTS.
INtus next examine the soil Of Ohio. The materials
known as the drift deposits beds OF sand, gravel
and bowders and form the surface Of large part Of
Ohio This surface is called drift" as 1t is foreign
where found having drfted in many instances
hundreds OF miles from the place OF origin.
In Ohio there are no SeSfEca drit Gf fnIma
ton. Prof Newberry gives reason for this, as fol
lows: About the close of the carbonferous period the
Allegheny mountains raised, carrying up ali the
area lying between the Mississippi and the Atlantic.
Since that time, no considerable portion OF inns region
has been submerged and, therefore, no dcposlts made
upon during the intervening ages over the northern
ha Of North America, and down as low as Dayton, Ohio
find, not everywhere but In most localities where the
nature OF the underlying rOokss such as TO retain In
rocks blamed flrrwed or excavated I'm peculiar and
striking manner evidently by the action OF great de-
nudng agent" These are pronounced TO be the tracks
OF glaciers. Again:
Beneath the drift deposits the rock surfaces in
many instances cxcavated to form system Of basins
and channels, often cut several hundred feet below the
lakes and rivers that now occupy them These channels
or an earlier epoch" The point attempted to be made
is that these channels form connected system of drain
age, lower level than the present river system, ana
hence, lower than could be produced without CONT
examples are given by Prof NewberTy TO show the ev
dence upon which these statements are based. quote:
Ontario are basins excavae in undsturbed sedimentary
surface level Of SIS feet above tides Lake Huron is 500
feet deep with surface level Of SO feet Lake Erie Is
feet deep with surface level Of 5C5 feet; Lake
above Ii sea- An Old excavatcd, now ed channel
connects axe Erie and Lake Huron. At Detroit the
depth OF ohannel is, is not known. At Toledo the
rock surt a. l4O feet below the Lake: . . - :.
sppi and Misc wi, near their junction or below,
have never reached, but they are
the present stream ds SON. Oh CTees
penn flows from 70 100 feet above ITS old channel
hanging cliffs The Beaver, at the junction of the
of its old trough The ohio throughout its entire course
runs in valley which has been cut nowhere less than
Lake Erie Cleveland feet above the rock bottom Of
It's excavated trough proving that the surface level OF
the lake must once have bcena 100 feet lower than now
Prof. Newberry mentions numerous other tances 20
prove his theory The lean red gentleman 8 that
barrier, do not disprovc M -heory, as the On his
under the present city 4 Louisville
AN NTEE STING THEORY
Above the "artft" deposits and more recent, thu
"lake ridges "-embankmeDts Of sand, gravel. sticks,
leaves OF these on the south shore Of Lake Erie, the
lowest is little less than 100 feet above the present
level OF the lake, the highest being $50 feet In New
York, Canada, Michigan, and Lake Superior, similar
series OF ridges exist evidence that the Of the
lakes reached the points they mark Tie theory
eliminated in the facts presented is this: at period
northern half Of this continent had climate so col
that whenever there was copious precipitation OF
moisture from oceanic evaporation, that moisture was
conGealed, and formed glaciers, which flowed
by various =, routes toward the sea. The
causes OF these ancient glacicre correspond,
In general way with the present channels OF drainage
The direction OF the glacial frr9Ts proves MAT one Of
these ice rivers flowed from Lake Huron along channel
now filed with drift and known 10 be at least $50 feet
excayated valley, into which the streams Of Northern
Ohio flowed 100 feet more below the present lake level
Following the line Of the major axis OF Lake Erie 10
its extremity here turning northeast this glacier
PASSED through on 1ne Canadian SIDE now
the either by the ST. LwIenGe or the MS a Of
k2gan 6apphS an outlet southwark now concealed by
heavy beds OF drift passing through Bloomington, III,
and by some route unknown reaching the trough OF the
Mississippi"
THE COAL MEASURES.
The (" coal measures" Of Ohio described By Prof
Newberry follows They consist Of series Of sand
stones shales, lmestones fine clays and beds OF coal
Of which the latter the most important and interest
ing The geographical occupied by the coal rocks
comprises the southeastern third of the state AZ the
general dip Of all rocks east OF the antcna is
toward the east, the coal measures, which form the
highest member OF Series grow thicker IN that
direction In the vicinity OF Wheeling the center OF
part the coal have thickness of about 800
feet and Include, perhaps, tea workable seams OF coal
under each OF which 10 a stratum OF hre-Clay,
The coal rocks full OF the remains OF animal aud
vegetable life In the coal formation Of Ohio I
have collected several hundred species of these fossils
many of which are to science"
The southeastern third Of the State extending far
TO the longitude Of Cleveland, thence little west Of
south to point about 20 miles west OF IrOntOn the
Ohio River is included in the coal measures The
of the coal fields OF the carbOnferOus age lying within
the limits of the United States, has been estimated
10000 square miles Prof Newberry estimates the pro-
ductive coal Of Ohio at 10000 square miles, quite
equal to that possessed by Great Britain. In Great
Britain the annual coal production Is 1OO0OOOO tuns
Ohio the coal production is not far from tuns All
the Goals of Ohio belong to the DtuminOus group.
Our coal measures include about 80 of the IS
ties of Ohio and contain the mineral wealth Of the State
III COAL iron, SALT petroleum. and recay. This mineral
wealth developed by the geological survey Of Prof.
Andrews is perfectly marvellous In future contrbu-
tiOn attempt will be made TO give the economic value
Of these discoveries
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KU-hLUX OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY.