davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
Telling a Sleeps Age.

THE only correct and reliable way Of
determining the age of young sheep is by
their teeth. After the last teeth have ap-
peared, 90 that 'tbe mouth Is full" it viii
be impossible to determine the age with
reliable certainty. Like neat cattle, sheep
have no incisor-teeth in the upper jaw.
The age must be determined by the ap-
pearance of the incisor or front teeth Of
the lower jaw. At two months old, all the
incisors of the lower jaw have in most
lambs appeared. These incisors are re-
tanned until the animal is twelve to six
teen months old, when they begin to be
displaced, Just as children shed their teeth;
but not all at once. The two central in
cisors are displaced and renewed first by
permanent ones, which will have attained
their growth when the animal is two years
old. If we look at the teeth of sheep
two years old, it will be seen that the two
central incisors have usually attained their
full size The next year, one incisor on
each side of the central pair will displace
the first teeth, and will be pushed out even
with the central ones. When the animal
is between two and three years old, the
next pair of incisors will be renewed.
After three years have elapsed, another
set of incisors will have appeared. Be
tween the ages of four and five, the mouth
will be full of incisors After sheep is
five years old, it will be found impractica-
BILE to determine whether the age is i've,
six, or seven, unless some Of the incisors'
have begun to disappear. After the
seventh or eighth year, some of the side
incisors begin to show signs Of decay, or
to disappear entirely. If the, teeth ap-
pear old and decayed, and some are en-
tirely gone, we can safety conclude that
the animal is over eight years old. Judg
ing of the age beyond this period will be
found no more reliable than shrewd guess
ing.-Hearth and Home
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

:. A., D..x., N,.,,,o.
A WRITER IN the rfac''o~ '"r"'e'
writes as Ioiiows:
In All iocanlies, wnen unoer.arsl9s are
required, Dram may De maze iour zee. III
depth ana De no more eHectuai IN convey
ing away the excess OF WAFER, IMAM IL Inc Tue
depth haa peen only tnirty lncnes. TOT
example, II most OF .ne wster VEINS we're
about TWO lee! Deneatn ,ne su1Iace aialn u
tnlrty mcnes deep Wou1e coIsct an .ne
surplus WAFER quite as enecsuaiy Is II Ine
same Grams naa oeen sung 70 tne eapen-
sve deptn OF lour ieet. -on ING coneialy,
II the wafer veins were over tnirty ihcne me-
Delow 1ne surface OF .ne gIcuna, tne eo.,
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

THA farmer has got to soork himself rich.
There IL no getting away from this; mere
calculation viii not do it, though it Is the
necessary forerunner.
The land must be worked not only mel
low, but continued to be worked, stirred
as much as may be, the more the better.
This hits two birds with one stone; it mel
lows the ground and enriches it; and
what is best perhaps of all, 1t costs moth
ing whence It comoe-hom the atmos-
phere, where 1t is free for all
This stirring takes il in, mixes the air
with the soil, and the soil at once takes up
its fertility. This continued, there is q
continual increase Of fertility; hence the
more 1t is stirred the better.
Besides, when the soil Il made loose,
porous the ar viii get in It Of it, own &C
cord, the groNnd lying undisturbed, but
porous enough to admit it, and the rains
wash down the fertility which they car
ried from the atmosphere the soil Is mel
low enough to do this, not having the
water standing on Il dead without any
use, souring the soi1, which 10 hurtful
Hence the df,ctxine Of frequent stirring
the soil. We know by special experience
that this il tfue. We have tried Il in field
and In garden, bat particularly IN the iat-
ter, one season, using no manure, and re-
lying wholly upon the atmosphere BY stir
ring the FOIL Though the soil had been
exhaustsd, tie garden proved N unusually
good one, Since then We ck.unot TOO
much hyor working in the gsFQlsn ana
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
Care Of Poultry in Winter.

VERY few persons pay necessary atten-
ton to poultry in winter, although at this
season they require constant care. A
poultry house, to be quite warm, should
be constructed with double walls and roof
like an ice house, and should have as much
glass as possible, to admit light and sun
shine.
Boards about four inches wide are bet
ter adapted for roosts than round poles, as
the fowls sitting on them can cover their
feet with their feathers and protect them
from frost. Old hens are not worth feed
ing; they should be got rid of, and young,
vigorous ones substituted. When more
than three years old, hens.are not usually
worth keeping.
Abundant food should be given in win
ter, as without it very few eggs will be
obtained. Every poultry house should
be furnished with boxes for the hens to
lay in, 50 arranged that they cannot roost
over them. Food and water should be
given with regularity, and supply OF
lime, gravel, crushed bones, and charcoal
should be always available.-Farmers
Home Journal.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
" Pat HIM.

THIS Is the advice of the american
Stock Journal. The writer says:
"We sometimes see men having the care
of and driving team of horses or mules,
whipping the poor animals because they
do not understand their wishes. Many
time the leader horse or mule is unmerci-
fully beaten for no other reason than that
the drivers order Is not understood. If
the driver, in such q case, should speak
gently to the leader, pat it q few times on
the neck to reassure it of his friendship,
take hold of the bride and lead it few
steps in the direction he wishes to 60, and
all this without any excitement or anger
on his part, the leader will always do its
best to please him.
ain driving horse to carriage, how
ever gentle and well-trained he may be,
something may happen to alarm or
frighten him; this is no fault of his-he
cannot help it. All he needs is word
or two of encouragement, gently spoken,
to reassure him of his masters care and
presence, and that all is right. There
should be no whipping done. The driver
should recollect that he gets alarmed or
frightend too sometimes, and would think
hard of being whipped for it.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
Crawled Up.

Once upon a time gentleman found in
his hen-roost supplemented soul in the
vicinity, who lived without visible means
of support.
"What are you doing here, you rascal
Stealing my chickenss"
"No, sir" was the response; ~ amt
thought of dom nothin of the sort"
1t unfortunately happened that the SIM
ple-minded individual wore high straw
hat, of the dimensions of beehive, and
the crown thereof was dilapidated to q
serious extent just as he had put in his
denial, the head of half grown pullet
was seen to protrude from the aperture.
See there said the gentleman; show
did that chicken get in your hats"
"Wellp exclaimed the simple-minded
individual, with an air of honest surprise
and embarrassment that is the stranges.
thing that ever happened to me- I sup
pose the darned critter must have crawled
up my trowsers legp
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

and the yeast; let rse over nifht or If In
. hurry It win do to start IN tie morning,
and make up the bread about O'Clock.
This quantity win make SIX or eight loaves.
Bread needs more kaeading than many
guppose, Is makes it whittier to work the
dough down once after it rises-AmKicas
Agyicvlturist
CHEAP Hor- BED FRAMHA-Itwill soon
be time to think shout making hos-beds
for starting early planta Glass is 50
cheap that few persons viii think of using
anything else for covering the frames, but
there are cheaper materials that win
answer very well, besides being more
speedily prepared One Of the best ma
terisis for covering frames besides glass Is
common white muslin, coated with the
following composition: Take one quart of
linseed oil, one ounce of sugar OF lead,
and three or four ounces of resin. Pull
verize the sugar Of lead in little OIL, then
add II to the other materials. Put all into
an iron kettle, and heat It until the resin IL
dissolved and the other ingredients are
thoroughly mixed; stretch the muslin
upon the frames, and apply the compost
ton while hot Frames prepared In this
manner viii last for several yeArs, II kept
under cover when not in use. Heartk snd
Home =
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
"Make Yourself Useful.o

TINS is the standing injunction to Q
large family of steady and affectionate
children, of Friend" mother, whom
we know, and we regard 1t as one of the
mort important lessons which childhood
can learn. Many q young man would
have been saved from the halter had he
learned in his fathers house how to
snake himself useful" under all the cir
cumstances of life.
And well do we know, that many girl
with q good heart has gone down to an
early grave of infamy, from being brought
up, by q false kindness, without the
knowledge of how she was to "make her
self useful in the various changes and
universities Of life. Very many girls, in
this drear winter weather, 60 to bed
hungry, and rise to hover around stinted
fires, and shiver all day in scanty clothing,
wearing the wrinkles of sadness and care
on faces yet In their teens, willing enough
to work-and abundant work to do, with
liberal pay, in luxurious mansions, whose
rich occupants would count 1t fortunate
thing to find person suitedto the place.
Why, then, are the doors Of all our char
tiles besieged and daily throngedf and
why does the pitiful appeal strike the ear
of the pedestrian in his early walk, or
MONDAY promenade, or nightly visit to
the party, the lecture, the concert or the
operss
It is simply because these Starving,
freezing girls were not brought up TO Be
useful, were not taught, BY careless or
over-indulgent mothers, how they might
command situations. The incessant and
earnest cry of Thousands of almost do
spairing housekeepers IL for competent
help, to cook, TO nurse, to saw; for
chamber work, or for waiting. Within
any twenty-four hours, 1900, may We not
say 10000 ruch girls could find welcome
homes in the very best families In New
York. at high wsgea
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

THEY take good papers, and read them.
They keep accounts of farm operations.
They do not leave their implements
scattered over the farm, exposed to rain,
snow or heat They repair their tools and
buildings at the proper time, and do not
suffer subsequent three-fold expenditure
of time and money. They use their
money judiciously, and do not attend
auction sales to purchase all kinds of
trumpery because it is "cheap.
They see that their fences are wei re-
paired and their cattle are not found graz
ing in the meadows, or grain fields, or
orchards They do not refuse to make ex-
periments in small way of many new
things. They plant fruit-trees well, care
for them, and of course get good crops.
{ They practice economy by giving their
stock good shelter during the winter, also
good food, taking ont all that is unsound,
half rotten, or mouldy. They do not keep
tribes Of cats and snarling dogs around
their premises, which eat up more In q
month than they are worth in q lifetime.
Lastly, they read the advertisements,
know what is going on, and frequently
save money by it. Successful farming il
made up by attention to little things.
The farmer who does it best earns bis
money with best appreciation, and uses ii
with best results Such men are the
I" salt of the EARTH -s
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

We shouidhim at early groWsh-o grass
and grams u IS 2 guard Against 2
drouth. IL also improves the quanty Oh
the growth, and lengthens the season 1or
work
Plant your corn on SOD, ana manure IN
the hill. when the force OF the manure
Is spent the SOD WIN take up the CROWN;
Prepare your ground wen for crop, ana
future crops WIN get the benent also.
The success OF the farm Is not In one crop
or one year, but in farming generally, that
is, in moderate but paying crops. AS the
head directs, 30 goes the farm, at least no
better. perseverance, should be the great
motto of the farmer, taking note OF what
the farm says, for it never lbs.
Sometimes disused crop is OF the
greatest advantage to raise, like rye, bar
ley, beans. Cultivate deeply 1t will pay
in the long run !; it may not at first A
hard soil is equivalent to q shallow soil.
The fine roots win have circumscribed
limit, and viii soon exhaust the soil in con-
tact with them. Fertilizers must there
fore be applied. But better drainage, and
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

-Buckwheat Cakes.-One pint of buck
wheat meal one quart Of water, SAT- Just
Mix the water-Which should be Iukewarm
if the weather is cold-with the meal,
add the salt and yeast beat it well when
light, bake them on ,griddle. Grease
the griddle, pour on little of the batter,
spread it 80 as to form cake about the
size of q breakfast plate. The cakes
should be very smooth at the edges.
When they are done on one side turn,
when brown on both sides, put some but
ter on the plate, place the cake. on it, but
ter the top, bake another and put it on,
butter il and send to the table. Buck
wheat cakes are much better if they are
sent to the table with only one or two on
a plate-Erchdnge
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

hand, I thought / had erred perhaps on
the right side, and my moderate demands
might all the more firmly secure patron,
when he found works of ability or promise
valued at a reasonable sum BY the artist
Yes. altokether had acted wisely,
concluded and busted myself with lay
ing In for other landscapes from the
sketches beside me.
On the oath determined to walk quiet
" up to Wimpole street, in the carly part
of the day, 30 that / might be beforehand
with the rest of my brother.artists, OBJ
tain the settlement, as PROPOSED by Mr..
Bouverie, for the accepted pictures, and
in case of any being rejected, return with
them quietly to my studio.
was surprised, therefore, on arriving
at the address to find that the others had
acted apparently on the same impulse as
myself, for found the door open and the
hall full. But / was still more amazed
when found that they were engaged IN
furious alteration with the landlady OF
the house Loudest among them could
distinguish Tom Farncombe's violent and
persistent demand.
"But where is Mr.. Bouverie? / insist
on seeing Mr. Bouverie!"
"Good gracious, gentlemen I" cried the
landlady, what on earth is the good of
asking me? How should know He
! took my ground-foor front for a week
said he was picture dealer; and left for
Liverpool four days, ago, taking all the
pictures with him"
"Then, by Jove," cried Charley, as a
new light suddenly flashed upon US, "the
fellows swindler, and we have been
doneI"
"And the scoundrel, by this time" ex-
claims another, sis on his way to Amer
lea, and all the paintings with himP'
"But did he leave nothing behind him
Ia letter, or paper, or anything we
could trace him bys" Joined in third, as
the recollection Of hours of anxious and
unremdnerated labor probably REQUIRED to
him.
eHe left nothing but picture" replied
the landlady.
"a picturef p we all seemed to say at
once.
"Yes, sir; and pleasanter and more
honorable gentleman never knew ; for
he not only paid the full week in advance
but at parting made me present OF the
painting to please the children"
"Where is it ?" we all Numbered out.
ain the parlor; please, gentlemen, to
step in and look at it."
i And there, hanging alone on an other.
wise bare wall, was small landscape
children, figures, fishing, village pool.
Gentlemen" says Charley, gravely, %
am very sorry for all of us-we've beer
shamefully sold. But, Tom, he adds, turn
ing to the little man, who was standing
! perfectly aghast, Il am most sorry fol
you. That sweet thing of yours ism
, good enough even to be-stolen !"-Eoer.
, .SdturddH
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
The Force Of Contraction.

THE force of contraction Is equal to that
of expansion, and quite as irresistible. Its
immense power was striklngly illustrated
some years since in Paris. The two sides
of large building, the Conservative des
Arts ct Meters" having been pressed out
by the spreading of the arched ceilings
and the immense weights supported by
the floors, NJ. Molard undertook to remedy
the evil by boring holes In the wall at the
base of the vaulted ceilings and opposite
to each other, through which strong iron
rods were introduced, so as to cross the
interior of the building from one side to
the other. On the projecting ends of the
bars on the outside of the building were
placed strong iron plates, which were
screwed, by means of nuts, tightly against
the walls. The rods were then heated by
means of rows of lamps placed under
every alternate bar, and being heightened
by the expansion, the nuts and plates
were pushed out to the distance of an inch
or more beyond the walls. While in this
condition, the nuts were screwed second
time tightly against the wall The lamps
were then extiAguished, and the rods,
contracting as they cooled, drew the walls
together with force almost irresistible, and
TO distance as great as that to which they
had to be heightened by expansion. These
bars being then left in their new position,
the alternate bars, which had remained un-
heated, and by the contraction of the
others had been also made to project be-
yond the walls, were again tightly screwed
against the building. These were in turn
expanded and heightened by the applica-
ton of the lighted lamps, and once more
screwed up tightly against the walls. The
lamps were then extinguished, and by the
contraction of the second set of bars the
walls were drawn still further toward each
other. These were then left, in turn, to
hold the building in its new position, and
the first set of bars second time brought
into requisition. And thus the process
was continued until the walls were drawn
into the proper vertical position and the
bars being left In their places, they have
remained firm and upright ever since In
this manner force was exerted which the
power of man could scarcely have applied
by any other means. The same process
has since been applied to the restoration
of other buildings which were threatening
to fall.-Pynehon's Uemicd Forces.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

Frequent STIRRING of the soil is rem
edy against drought. In dry season
frequent stirring will increase the grow
ing crop two fold more than if the ground
be left unworked. Corn which was
stirred between the rows six times in .
dry season yielded full crop of web ma
tured ears, while similar ground along.
side but stirred but three times did not
produce more than half crop. In the
one case the soil was kept loose and mel
low, and retained its moisture, while in
the other the moisture was speedily ex-
hausted. Frequent stirring is means of
preserving moisture IN the soil, and in
dry seasons should not be neglected
Farm Journal.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14


culHva<ing hoed crops, and always with
We have not mentioned the moisture
which il produced IN The operation. This
il considerable. End IN . droath indispen-
sable. Our garden was worked IN : dronth.
This ID labor; and y y gIatifying TO
know that the more that We do the more
we get benefted-thaf the benefit is in
proportion to the labor.
Each farmer should therefore direct his
farm operations to this effect 90 as to get
chosee to work, mot to run over his land
to get The work done. .
The effort 10 ave and apply manure b
another branch of labor. Nothing pays
better than this Save al; take pains to
make 1t; and to prevent it from being lost
after it is made; and then apply it prop
erly. All these things are important and
when taken together very important.
This much for the land, which, h0wev.
er, has other claims upon our labor; but
the two mentioned are the main ones.
Next comes the great stock department.
Here we can employ labor with profit to
y large extent, labor first and most inn
portant in securing the fodder properly.
Unless this is done the stock cannot be
well kept. Pains must be taken TO secure
hay and the straw of grain early and in .
tender condition, properly cured. Effort
must 90 to secure this, care as well % labor.
Then, warm quarters provided, there
must be attention given. The stables
must be kept clean and dry; this by using
litter saw dust straw, leaves, dried muck,
| &c, and daily seento, daily comfort given
to the sensitive family at the barn. Feed
carefully, plentifully, and curry your
stock it pays Cut your fodder mostly.
This is helping to masticate It for your
stock. Cook it. steam it. or scald It. We
know this is discontinued by many that
once engaged in It; but it is on account
of the labor. See to it then that you make
use of it.
To sum up, it should be the object oil
the farmer to seek to get labor rather than
to do as little possible, for this is the Level
that lifts him along. 1t is the profit on the
labor invested that is the principle Of
farming.-Prairis Farmer.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

Slices of toasted bread, dipped in
milk or wine, and fried in honey, are ex-
cellent. Then instead of calling them
"fried bread" they are torejas, an excel
lent Spanish delicaey, can assure you.
Please understand there ia neither butter
nor lard. Simply melt the honey IN a
pan, and when it is very hot, put in the
bread, which is served hot also, after be-
coming nicely Drowned. Lovers OF honey
can take notice. Exchange.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

Pea Soup-A pint and a half of
split peas, two small onions, pepper and
salt to taste. Use three quarts Of water
and boil from five to six hours. Pork is
often put in, but makes the soup far less
wholesome. If the water is hard, add
piece of saleratus not larger than pea.
1t would be difficult to find way in
which the same amount Of nourishment
could be obtained from four times what
this costs.-Hearh and Home.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14
PREMIUMS an CASH,

There are thirteen premiums, and they WIN be
mailed 70 the thirteen pas ties entitled TO them COR de-
nvered 10 their order) the 23th day OF January 1870
The addresses Of the successful parties viii be given
In our weekly esue OF the 18th OF January, 1870 To-
making up clubs in compliance with the above terms
win secure the 20 per eenf. commission any how, and
II their club Is one OF the TIL teen largest wiz draw
one other Of the above premiums. Specimen copies
sent Tree. Send for one. Money By draft express,
Address TRIBUNE COMPANY,
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

AT recent meeting of the Farmers
Club of the American Institute, seedless
apples were exhibited by Lysander Bar
rett, of French Creek, West Virginia
Mr.. Greeley alluded to the current opinion
that seedless apples may be produced by
inverting a branch from an apple tree,
and planting it in damp soil. He thought
the specimens on exhibition must be
taken as an evidence that seedless apples
can be produced.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 1850-1873, 1870-01-14

SLOW HORSES MADE FAST AND FAST
- Horses Made Faster. The Numbers of Haney's
Journal containing these articles complete, only
Is cts. BOBERT BONNER says in his
N. Y. Ledger, Oct. IS, they are very interesting
and instructive, and alone worth the price of the
publication
to Dress and Tan Skins and Furs sc. The Jour
mails with these complete only 10 cts. Exposures
Of humbugs tn every number
u JESSE HAkEY Il CO.,
ll0 Nassau S., New York.