Iowa voter. [volume] (Knoxville, Iowa) 1867-1874, 1870-10-13
Notes and suggestions for
October. 81
THE ORCHARD.

ly succeed better than those trans
planted In the Fall. The arguments
in favor Of Fall planting are that
there is more time for preparing the
soil and planting the trees in the
latter season, and the plants being In
the ground before vegetation COM
mcnces in Spring, there will be
nothing to interrupt their growth.
When trees are set out very late in
the Fall, they are generally killed
by frost In Winter, but when trans
planted in September or the first
week Of October, and pruned and
they outlive the Winter
and do well. Fall planting should
be done early, In welI-prepared soil,
and the trees should be staked,
pruned, and mulched.
MANURING THE ORCHARD.
There is scarcely any bearing orch
ard in which the soil is SO rich that
it does not require manure Of one
kind or another, and the best time
for applying 1t Is In the Fall, when
the young wood is ripe. If n fertili-
yer is applied in Summer, the trees
may continue to increase the growth
of wood until nipped by frost, and
the unripc shoots will not stand the
rigors Of Winter. A dressing OF
manure, late in the Fall, will be a
protection to the roots from the
damage caused by alternate freczings
and thawings in Winter and early
Spring. The principal ingredients
in the bark, wood, foliage, and fruit
of the apple, pear, peach, plum, and
cherry, arc sulphuric and carbonlc
acid, potash, soda, and lime, and in
order to make orchards productive,
manure containing these ingredients
should besupplied annually. Plaster,
bones, lime, common salt,
wood ashes, wooden rags, old leather,
and barn-yard manure, will supply
nearly all the ingredients necessary
for building up wood, foliage, and
fruit.
FLOWER GARDEN AND LAWN.
The flower garden is sometimes
neglected in October because its
glories have departed, and even the
II .ast Rose Of Summer" has long
since gone to rest
ION the bed
Where its mates u the garden
Lie scentless sud dead
At this season the attractions OF
the flower garden and the pleasure
ground are "few and far between;"
weeds start up in the place OF flow
ers, and the decaycd leaves and
branches Of Towering plants become
objects which ought TO be
When annual and percn-
NAL flowers wi;her, and deciduous
trees and shrubs have shed their
leaves, the beauty Of cvergreens
becomes more apparent than at any
other time. There should be good
collection of them about every rural
and suburban dwelling. October is
q suitable month for turing or seed
ing lawns or grass plats; also for top
dressing lawns and borders with
10 afford protection to the
grass in Winter, aud insure an early
and vigorous growth in Spring.
PREPARATION FOR WINTER.
October il month Of great impor-
lance to the frnit-growers. The near
of Winter makes 1t neces-
sary to gather oil late fruit, and to
place 1t beyond the reach of frost.
The trees having performed their
are about to commence
their long Winters sleep, and care
should be taken that they will not be
damaged by stagnant water on or
in the soil. The failure of orchards
IL sometimes to be attributed to the
pressure Of water about the roots,
below the surface, and sometimes to
water having collected in hollows on
the surface. If surface drains are
not provided In all hollow places in
the orchards, the water will form
ponds around the trees during thaws
In Winter and early Spring, and on
the return Of frost the roots and
collars Of the trees will be encased in
Ice. Orchards should be thoroughly
drained, in order to permit the roots
to descend in search sOf wholesome
but where the sell Is frozen,
the water from rain and melted snow
reach deep drains, and there