Daily Kennebec journal., 1870-08-25
NO. 2O2.
alistellanu.
TRANSFORMING TREES.


Fmanured as maei, as whens prepared for
growing fine crop of wheat or Iuaian
corn, for trees, however hesalthy1.tmI vigo-
ror whilst growing in the nursery, when
removed to poor soil, or set out in sward
ground, will cease u thrive generous
outlaytih properly preparing TIE soil by
enfiching manures and good cultivation.
will be amply regardsd fE the inereased
yigor, beauty or growth, and future pro-
ductiyeness of the trees. As the adyan-
tage OF draining is now so generally un-
dersDod 1t is presamedthat sta 9nant sub
soil moisture, if existing, viii not be al
lowed to remain ihflle groand where trees
are to be planted.
On the lawn, OF where Isolated trees
are set ont. and it is impracticable to have
the ground prepared rs is desirable in
more extended planting, it will be- we'll to
have the holes for the trees matlA much
larger than otherwise would be nee eessfav
and iibefd supply of good garden soil
substituted for Il portion of that taken out
OF the hole, and such eifiichng compost
or well-decomposed manure as may be at
command, Incorporated with the rest
When aboutto plant. let the top and roots
OF the tree be properly pruned with IL sharp
knte-the former is benefited bv having
ali the last years wood cut back to within
three or four buds of the base, and when
the branches are crowded some may be
taken out. With trees of extra size the
pruning should be in proportion. In rrun
ing the roots, carefully cut off all bruised
or broken portions. shortening those that
are too long, and thinning out where too
much crowded, being careful not to cut
off any tibroas roots.
For tree Of moderate size let the hole
be dug from three to four feet wide, and
from twelve to eighteen inches deep,
turning the earth several times to pulyer-
ize it, The bottom of the hole below the
roots should he filled in with a mixture of
well de-eomDosed manure or compost
along with the soil, covering it lightly
with mould, to prevent the manure COM
ing in contact with the roots then let the
tree be held upright in the hole, being par-
tieuiarly careful not TO plant the tree
. deeper than the base, of the stem, gently
shaking it several times; let the fine earth
he distributed among the roots in sueha
manner that every root and fibre may
come in contact with the soil (this is a
very important item in the process, the
neglect of which is the frequent cause OF
death to newly -transplanted trees).
Some enrching compost or well-dC
composed manure may be advantageous
~ used in filling up the hole with the soil,
but should not be allowed to come imme-
dately to the roots. When the roots are
covered, press the soil firmly with the.
foot and If it is not sufficiently moist, let
II pailiul or two of water be poured over
the roots and after it has settled, the re-
mainder of the hole to be filed up. The
operation, when finished, should not leave
the surface roots more Than two inches at
most below the soil and when the ground
has finally settled. the tree should not
stand any deeper than when growing i'll
. the nursery. Deep plontihg should be
, particularly guarded against, as one of
tlle most fatal errors in transplanting.
There is ottentimes an advantage in
stalking trees when trtnsplapted, to pre-
vent their being Swayed by the wind, and
promote a straight handsome growth.
The stake should be planted with the tree,
hole being made for it with ~ crow-bar,
and the tree fastened 10 it when planted,
iii such Il manner aS to prevent chatlng.
When trees are set out in the autumn, and
particularly if they are not staked, it is a
good method to make mound about six
inches hi@h around the stem ofsthe tree,
(using soil II short distance from the tree
) Tor the purpose), and sloping to the sur
face of the ground, leaving the mould
: foot or so in diameter; this helps to sup
q port the tree against the storms, ana to
\ prevent water from lodging ald freezing
and thawing about the stem. The earth
should be thrown back from the tree when
the ground is settled i'll the spring.
1t is an excellent practice TO mulch
trees after heing planted, using any, rough
manure OF coarse stable litter to the depth
of three or four inches, and extending six
inches beyond the roots; this impedes
/ evaporation, and keeps the ground from
baking and cracking IN the drought and
heat of summer, and thus maintains more
uniform temperature abont the roots, and
in winter is u protection against the Sc
verify of the weather. H a7c
AttcE-tFeQtneM Newly transplanted
trees thrive wen under corn or similar cu-
tin Nation. Care should be taken not TO plant
b. any crop within six feet OF the tree. If In
Il lawn, or where the general surface OF
the ground cannot be kept IN cultivation, let
the SoiI about each tree be kept pulyeriZed
and mulchcd being dug over and manured
in the spring and fall to the distance of at
least three on four feet at the same time
give the trees washing with whale oil
soap OF u solution OF potash water, made
by dissolYing one pound OF potash. III six
or eight quarts of water If fruit trees,
let them be iudieiously pluned before
spring, forming the heads properly by TAX
ing off any limbs that cross others, or are
likely to do so:
) DISTANCE FOR PLANTING - 5
Apples, standard. 70 to 33 feet.
Apples, dwarf, 70 ieet.
! Pears standard, 20 feet.
Peaches. headed back, ~ feet.
Cherries, standard, ~ feet.
Cherries dwarf. IS to 10 feet.