The Union and journal. [volume] (Biddeford, Me.) 1858-1882, 1870-12-09

treaty declared that Il resarIed the rivsrs Amazon
PIE. national .s Z. SIsswsys a Of sAenn nas
opened by nature for the comncroe o. alinatioas.
In 100 the Paraguay was made ffee by treaty.
and In December, IsS, the Emperor Of Brazil, BY
open TO the frontier OF Brazil TO the merchant
ships OF all nations The greatest living British
authority on this subject, while asserting 10 the
abstract righ! the Brilish claims, says;
IL seems difficult 10 deney that Great Britain
may ground the refusal upon strict law, but IL 10
equally difficult TO deny bret, tbat IN go doing
she exercises harshly an eItrrme and hard law
navigation Of the 81. Lawrence IL In glazing and
discreditable Inconsistency with her conduct
with respect to the navigation OF the Mississippi
in which the Mississippi took lis rise. She IN.
sietrd on the hight TO navigate the entire volume
ofits waters on the ground that she possesses
both banks OF IN, me st. wnere nss
States the right ofnayigation through about one
halfof the waters OF the lakes Ontario. Erie,
Huron and Superior, and the whole Of Lake
property OF the United states. The whole nation
is Interested In securing cheap transportation
from the agricultural States OF tho west 10 the
Atlantic scaboari. To the citizens OF those
States Il secures greater return for their labor
To the inhabitants OF the seaboard Il affords
cheaper food. To the nation nm increase In the
annual surplus efwealth. IL 10 hoped that the
government OF Great Britain will see the justice
ofabandoning the narrow and Inconsistent claim 30
which her Canadian provinces have urged her
adherence. H.. ada ...u
OUR RUINED COMMEMORATIVE PRESIDENT NOT
so CONFIDENT ABOUT "SATURALIziSG's SHIFTS.
Our depressed commerce In subject to which
Icaled your special attention NJ the last session.
and suggested that We will IN the future have 20
look more 10 the countries south OF us and 10
China and Japan for Its revival Our representa-.
influence 10 encourage trade between the United
States and the countries To which they are &C
credited, but the fact exists that the carrying is
while this state Of Affairs exists we cannot control
our due share OF the commerce or the world. That
between the Pacific States and China and Japan
Is about all the carrying trade now conducted IN
American vessels. I would recommend q liberal
policy toward that line OF American steamers, one
that will insure Its success and even increased
usefulness. The cost Of building Iron vessels, the
the carrying trade, Is 90 much greater In the
United States than IN foreign countries that with.
out some assistance from the government they
cannot be successfully Sns here; There VIII Se
course OF the present session looking TO remedy
for this evil. Even ifit should be at some cost 10
the national treasury, hope such:enco uragcment
on the high seas, and American ship building ut
home. 1900
wASrED-A NEW BUILDING.
The condition OF the archives ut the Depart.
ment OF State calls for the early action OF Con.
gress. The building now rented by that depart.
ment Is u frail structure, ut an inconyenient
distance from the Executive mansion and nom
the other departments. IL Is III adapted 10 the
purpose for which II Is used; has not capacity to
Its remote situation, It's slender construction ana
the absence ola supply OF water In the neighbor.
hood leave but little hope OF safety for either the
building or It's contents In case OF the accident OF
q fire. Its destruction would involve the loss oil
the rolls containing the original acts AMI resolu.
tons OF Congress, OF the historic records OF The
series Of diplomatic and consular archives since
the adoption Of the constitution, and Of the many
other valuable records and papers lett with that
department when II was the principal depository
Of the governmental archives.
RECOMMEND an appropriation fort the construc'
ton Of a building for the Department Of State.
CHANGES ASKED FOR.
recommend to your consideration the propri.
ETY. OF transferring TO the Department OF the
Interior, TO which they seem more appropriately
to belong, all powers and duties In relation to the
territories with which the Department OF Statc In
now charged by law or usage, and from the Int.
rior Department 10 the War Department the
Pension Bureau, so far as IL regulates the pay.
would farther recommend that the naval pen.
sions be transferred to one OF the bureaus Of the
Navy Department.
The estimates for the expenses Of tho govern.
ment for the Stnscal year are 2ti SAG OF less
than for the current one, but exceed the appro-
priation for the present year for the same ume
cuded s22 33s Isl for public works heretofore
begun under Congressional provision, and OF
which only so much Is asked as Congress may
works Tor The present fiscal yearwas eli ,ssi ,lsos
The average value Of gold, as compared with
national currency, for the whole Of the year lsS,
same relative value has been about us. The
approach to specie basis IL very gratifying, but
the fact cannot be denied that the instability OF
the value OF our currency Is preJudlcial TO our
detrimeni of trade. The evils Of deprecated
and nuctuating currency are so great that now
when the premium on gold has fallen so much It
wise and prudent legislation, Congress should
look to policy which would place our currency
nj par with gold ut no distant day.
REVENUE REFORMS.
duced more than eighty million dollars per anntm.
by steadiness In our present course there Is no
reason why In few short years the national tax
gaiherer may not disappear nom the door OF the
dispensed by postmastcrs In every cominunityI q
tax upon liquors OF all sorts and tobacco In all its
forms, and by wise adjustment OF the tarin
we could dispense with, known as luxuries,. and
on those which We use more Of than We produce,
revenue enough may be raised aiter few years
ness TO fulfill all our obligations.
A further reduction OF expenses, In addition to
the reduction OF interest account, may be relied
upon to make this practicable. Revenue refrom,
IL 10 means this. has my hearty support. IL Ii
implies collection OF all the revenue for the sup.
port OF the government, for the payment OF prin.
cipal and interest OF the public debt. pensions,
against revenue REFORM. and Confidently SDhd believe
the people are with me. IL IL means failure to
provide the necessary means to defray oil ex.
penses Of the government, and thereby repndia
eth more opposed te such Kind OF revenue re.
forms. Revenue reform has not been defined by
any Its adherents, 20 my knowledge, but seems
every means wanted without any cost or effort on
his part. true revenue reform cannot I've made
In day, but must be the work OF national legisla.
dispensed with, all duty should DO removed from
coffee tea, and other articles OF universal use not
produced by ourselves. ,,.Ir. .
The necessities Of the country compel us TO
collect revenue from our imports. An army Of
the citizen, but that Of tariff for revenue ls nee
cssary. Such q tariff as FAR rs IL nets rs an
encouragement to home products, acords EN-.
the pauper labor OF the old world, and also tho
development OF home resources.
THE ARMY.
Under the act Of Congress OF the 18th day Of
July, 1870, the army has gradually been reduced,
SO that on the LIST Of January, 1871 the number of
commissioned officers and men will not exceed
the number contemplated by that law. r.r
The War Department building Is an old struc.
ture not fire proof, and entirely inadequate In d..
mansions TO our present want. Many thousands
ofdollars are now paid annually for rents OF pri.
yate buildings to accommodate the various In.
reaus or the department.. recommend nm nppro-
priation for q new War Department building,
suited to the present and growing wants Of The
nation.
The report Of the Secretary Of War, shows q
very satisfactory reduction In the expenses of the
army for the last fiscal year. For details you arc
referred 10 his accompanying report.
THE NAVY.
The expenses OF the navy for the whole OF last
year, from Dec. LIST, 1882 the date Of the last ne.
port are less than 200 900, or about 81 10000
less than they were the previous year. The ex.
penses since the commencement OF this nscal
year, Le., since July !, show for the Ave months
crease Of over 2too 600 nom those OF the CORES.
ponding months Of last year. The estimate for
the current year was tis2o5 .6Il 81. That for next
year Is eco ,5i7, with ao-l00 additional for
necessary permanent improvements. These esti.
mates are made closely for the mere mainiain ance
OF the naval establishment. rs 10 now IL, without
much In the nature or permanent improvement.
The appropriations made by Congress for the last
and current years were evidently intended by
Congress as SUFFICIENT only 10 keep the navy ON
its iIrrrfut footing by tire TvpuiTuH and ne. tfin0