The New York herald., 1870-06-04


c!al correspondence from Turkey, supplying the fo-
lowing exhaustive ana accurate details OF the grand
movement towards reformed democracy, interna-
ti0nal fraternizaton and universal religion which
Is now being so rapidly evolved in the Ottoman en-
pire. Tho marked influence OF the very reflection
OF our American system OF government in aid OF
the progress Is noted and commented on nealthlly.
CoNsTANTIsopLE, May 0, 1870
Although the Ottoman empire Is one of the most
remote of the countries in friendly alliance with the
United States, the relations existing between them
annually increase in Importance, and consequently
tend to excite an interest III whatever occurs In
either In the shape OF progress and Improvement In
Europe others OF the oldest countries and peoples are
Also passing through condition OF transition, each
approaching more and more the principles OF human
freedom and civil rights which exist In the great
republic Of the United States Of America. The
example offered to the world by the wonderful
prosperity and progress made there in the useful
arts has much more weight and influence on the
minds and hearts of people the most remote from
the United States than probably their ct-
zcns are aware of. Interference In the
affairs and concerns OF other nations and
peoples by either the government or American
people Is not only entirely wrong, but also
quite unnecessary AS II is sacred principle OF the
American government not to allow other govern
ments to interfere In its domestic concerns is ma
tural to suppose that 1t freely recognizes Its app
cation on the part OF all other governments Had
this principle not been respected by the greater
Powers OF Europe during the late civil war in the
United States its results might have been widely dr-
ferent from what they have BEEN The people OF the
Unised States being In the possession Of the bless.
ings Of civil and religious liberty 1t is natural that
they should wish to them exist in all parts of the
world and sympathize with the efforts made by any
and all other peoples to acquire them. This how
ever, does not give them any right 90 to their as
sistanc, In the promotion OF these efforts,
much OF which are through bloodshed and reyolu.
tons. The principle which holds good with nations
10 equally applicable to individuals. Msfortunes
occur am0ng peoples and i'll domestic circles, and
are regresabe in either case in place OF good inter-
ference on the part Of outsiders may produce much
harm and, besides forming an nfracon of the prin-
ciple here alluded to, 1t is question whether do
mesic peace and national welfare may not be best
promoted by such course. ls it not wiser 10
encourage those who have clearly adopted the pro-
per course by words OF commentator, and assist
them by our sympathies, when passing through
theF state OF ftransiuon without attempt any open
interference
Some Of the results Of peace are improvements and
salutary reforms, and at the present moment there
Is no government in Europerwhich profits mere than
Turkey by the tranquil condition OF her people to in
troduce amelioraiions in their condition and Cir
cumstances. Just as in the United States
there Is vast revolut on being now carried on in
favor of their colOred citizens, another Is being
effected in the Ottoman empire in behalf o. the nom
Mussu!man population. For many centuries the
MosIems have been the privileged and dominant
race, from among which all the functionaries Of the
government have been chosen Rarely have Chris
tians been appointed to office in the Ottoman gov
erDment religious prejudice existed against
them even stronger than that which, until recently,
in moon nj nn'n
and the government lahOrs to alay this and satisfy
the Just demands of the Christian subjects Of the
whom the greater part of the ernpire was taken by
force OF arms. These men naturally aspire to regain
time to retain what its orefathers conquered.
The same aspirations at the present period SEEM
inely occupy Austria, Russia and Great Britain
parallel In other countries. When. IN the former,
naticnalites are not invoked, corelig,Onism takes
here their place. II the latter are to form the cause
Of dtsunion European governments would be
rent asunder with frgntfui violence; for it
more sanguinary than civil ones. TO ..llay
such fruitful sources OF dsmemberrent, which otter
wide leld for the intignes Of neighbor,ng enemies
government seeks to place all OF its subjects. on
footing Of perfect civil equality. The effort is
is being made in the United States where the CO.
Iored race aspire to no other nationality than they
give it by the right Of birth in the country where it
resides and, as it makes rapid strides in the
right direction 1t certainly merits the commenda-
UOn OF the world ana not It's cGilSuie.
Many Pc, sons, who have never even visited the
Ottoman empire. judge OF its actual cordition by
what they have read in histories Of past times They
suppose that here all Is stationary, even reaction
ary. This Is far from being correct. Greater and
more speedy changes might possibly be made; but,
vctiols of the people at large and the MussulmHn
popu alton Ia particular. No one can Judge Of the
dlculsies q M statesman without being well ac;
by him, which IS the slow work Of time,
and education must take the place OF igno
fn nld wanda tNiu
forms lasting and advantageous. People gradually
become famiiarized to a new state Of things when
baby produce bloodshed and disaster among those
who are to be benefited by the reforms deemed Of
Monthly If not, indeed daily, new laws are being
made here, generally founded upon those Of the
European governments. The whoie nim Of the Sui
tan Is to introduce new principles OF law not based
Mussulman religious laws to cases Of matrllnony
concerns OF civil life. whaf vast change has been
made In this point here within the past twenty or
the present SUDAN would not have dared to do the
latter can Introduce with perfect safety. AS an ex-
ample Of this, Sultan Mahmoud would not have
ventured to appear before his subjects with Chris
tian empress holding him by the arm, and much
less to have received ner in MS State barge on the
have appointed score, or even one, Of his Chris
tan Greek and Armenian subjects to be pachas
en Inc as as
the army. was cited before civil tribunal ON
the demand OF an Armenian banker, judged and
condemned to pay large amount. Quite recently
two pachas, both sub-governors, have been con-
demned in the same tribunal at the suit OF native
American citizen. few years ago these cases
would nave gone before the Sheik-at-Isfam, chief
OF the Islam religion, and decided entirely by holy
law. This has been entirely set aside, except ia
cases OF strictly religious character The ten
dency Of the reforms of the government are thus in
favor OF the Introduction Of civil codes Of law, and
the setting aside OF the principles OF law deducted
fromtne Koran, showing change in pubic senti
ment within tie regns OF the late and the present
Sultan. Education has not however, kept pace
win these slutary changes for the better, and the
government still iabors under the difficulty OF not
possessing men quaiided to carry out the new inst
tut0ns established by 1t. In connection with the
laws comes the subject OF legal advisers or law.
yers. Heretofore lawyers were he'd to be SO many
liars, or men or bad faith who encouraged tricks
and projecting crime. The Judge was the only ex.
ponent Of the law, and applied IL conformably witt,
his own Judgment from winch there was no appeal
Lately some lawyers were allowed in civil SUITS to
act for and In behalf OF the parties as tler represe