davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

The Chicago Tribune, Radical,
makes the bold declartion that "Whit-
temore's constituents were unable to
understand what was meant by selling
q cadetship. Most of them thought
it was selling ship of some peculiar
construction, which had never been
seen on the navigable waters of South
Carolina, but was quite common on
the Hudson river" How is that for
Observation-Disclosures party!
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

REJEcTED.-On Thursday afternoon
last the Senate in executive session
had under consideration Grants pet
swindle, the treaty for the purchase
of the Island of San Domingo. Some
Of the amendments proposed by the
President were adopted, but when
the vote came to be taken on the rati-.
fcation it stood % for to % against.
A two-thirds vote being required to
ratify, it was rejected.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

IT has just been discovered that the
amount necessary to meet the require
ments of the Bounty Bill which has
recently passed the House of Repre-
sentatiyes is over one hundred million
instead of nineteen million dollars. i,
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

u
MASSACHUSETTS and Rhode Island
are two extra 'eloyal" States. None
but Radicals hold Office in either. Iii
Massachusetts, fifty thousand white
men are disfranchised by an educa-
tional test; in Rhode Island seven
thousand are DISTINGUISHED for want
of property qualification. Both
these States ratified the Fifteenth
Amendment, giving negroes the right
to vote without either an educational
or a property qualification. Such is
the way In which RadicalisM works
oat the principle of "equal and exact
Justice to al men," without distinc-
ton as to race or color
49,
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

[ AT the Iowa Penitentiary women
have the same rights rs men, being
set at making pitchforks.f . ~ s.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

The proposition in the Connecticut
Legislature to strike the word eswhite"
from the Constitution of that State,
has been defeated by the Democrats
of that body. There's more work for
the Radical Congress. x
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

IF the Jacobins continue in their
present course, it will not be long be-
fore they succeed in getting all the
capital of the country, as well as all
the land, into the hands of the few,
and of establishing the rich governing
classes, who are to be the future rulers
of the United States. The bond
holders, national bankers and manu-
facturers to whom labor pays tribute,
have now received an aristocratlc ac-
cession from the Government land
holders. We already have the stock
aristocracS, and the manufacturing
aristocracy and the .bank-note aristoc-
racy we now have-also the landed ar
istocracy, all united in a common
cause. and for q common purpose.
Under the Jacobin regime, over eleven
million acres of land have been voted
by Congress to individuals and COM
panies, nearly four millions to wagon
roads, and one hundred and eighty
two millions, one hundred and eighty
thousand, four hundred and eighty
fone acres have been conferred on rail-
road corporations, while bnt o little
more than twelve millions have been
taken up free of, cost under the home-
stead laws, In all there, have. been
swallowed up for various purposes
four hundred and fifty million acres
tof the public land, nearly all of which
has gone into the, hands Of specula-
tors, while but 975, 600, 900 remain,
| which will soon be absorbed, to enrich
the Jacobin lobbyists and SPECTATORS
who infest the Capital and belong to
the {" Jacobin ring" In these dona.
tions of land to railroad companies by
Congress, 1t should be borne in mind
that government credit has been, al
| the same, time, given them, to the
amount, Of g65, ,0QG100, This is . nice
little start for the influential landed
aristocracy to the fhture.-C,fsis. !
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

A DEMONSTRATORS SALE OF REAL
n ESTATE.-In pursuance OF AN order of
will offer for sale ut public auction. on the 1st
day of August, 1870. at precisely O'Clock, fore
noon, upon the premises, the following describe
ed real estate;
Situate three miles southeast of the oenter of
Paris, Portage County, OHIO, known as being u
said lot owned by Cavesenda Mckenzie; east by
lands of said lot owned by Hugh G. Beck south
ed by decedent 70 Samuel .Fulk, containing 90
acres of land. 1t hping the east half Of q %
acre tract decided by Joseph Hin to Nicholas
Terms of sale-One-half In hand. and one
half IN one year from the day OF sale with in
terest. second payment to he secured by mort
gage on premises
Appraised ut S'5 per acre; a
lt the estate of Hiram Mckinzls.
June -, 1870 sa-6w. IsF#...
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07
Ravenna, May 20. 1870, 91-2m.

II EGAL NOTICES. II. Cole. whose
II present residence is unknown, will take
notice that Margaret Cole did. on the 18TH day
of June, A. D. 1870. file her petition in the office
of the CLERK of the Court of Common Pleas,
within and for the county of Portage and State
of Ohio charging the said Samuel II Cole with
lst. Extreme cruelty; 2ndly. Gross neglect of
duty; Srdly. Wilful absence for more than
be divorced from the said Samuel IL. Cole, and
for reasonable alimony, which petition will
stand for hearing at the next term of said Court.
Dated this 18th day of June, AID. 1870.
MARC ARET COLE,
BY her Attorney, Bierce & Thomas
June @ 1870 A5-6X. .------- l..-L...--
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07
THE CLIPPER

Machine is so well known that it is unnecessa-
lencies 1t is OF all others, the Machine for
Farmers to buy, and no man who wants a Now
er should be unjust to himself as to fail to eN
''',''-' .' - BEAN & HUDSON,
iJtlllf l ~ - .t " Local Agents.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07
Nearly Played Out.

By resolution Congress has limited
its present session to the 10Th inst,
and has, therefore but little over q
week left before it. 1t has been in
session seven long and weary months,
and in that time what measures have
been adopted in the interest and for
the relief of an oppressed and tax
ridden people. The New York -Ee-
press, of the 22d ult., sums up the
seven months labor of these loyal
patriots thus: alt has shed oceans
of ink, printing and writing; filled
huge volumes of the Congressional
Globe; made promises enough TO ex-
cite several millions of pleasures of
Hopes" secured negro suffrage and
the 18th Amendment; refused white
suffrage and general amnesty; talked
an ocean of words about reduced tax
es, but SO far reduced them not dol
lar; debated the abolition of the
franking privilege, and left it just
where it is; violated the most solemn
promises of five years since, in regard
to the income tax; voted away mil
lions upon millions of the public do
main without consideration; voted
out members with immense MAORI
ties simply because they were Demo
Gratis, and put Radicals in their place,
in order to swell Radical majorities
and increase Radical jobs; put up the
duty on Bessemer steel rails for the
benefit of three capitalists, at the ex-
pense of 100000 of people directly
or indirectly interested in cheap trav.
Ell. Mr.. Dawes spoke yesterday Of
saving $8,O00,OOO in appropriations
under Grants administration, and YET
it will be seen that single bill which
has passed this very House, and now
pending in the Senate, according tC
the estimates in the I'd Comptroller
Office, qciU adj one hundred million.
of dollars to the General .Appropria,
tton bill! !99aI yl9Ta Ia gss.oJ 9na /.
/ : = no.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07
CARPETS.
GROCERIES.

er than any House in the city Starch, Spices,
Soda Soaps, SC, &C.. full stock. Bring in
your Produce and get the highest market prices.
and we will sell yon Goods as low as any House
In the city. BEECHER & SEYMOUR.
June is. 1870, 59-tf. '-.l
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

Mattress, has turned particular attention to the
manufacture of this style of bed, knowing it to
be far superior to any other made. He will
make two spring mattresses out of one common
mattress if the hair is good. He will exchange
any kind of Goods for feathers If not too much
worn. He makes new Lounges, and repairs old
ones if the frame is good, on a new and improv
ed principle In addition to all these things, he
eau put up hemost fashionable and Substantial
article of Parlor and Chamber Suits of Furni-
ture for style and finish, cannot be surpassed in
any of the Eastern cities. He makes an Inva-
lid SSring Mattress designed for rheumatic
persons, broken limbs, feeble constitutions and
all chr0nic complaints, afofding comfort and
ease to the patient in all positions and under all
circumstances. He makes pillows Of pure curled
hair, which is a great luxury, producing sound
sleeping with pleasant dreams, and aiding the
brain in creating new and correct ideas on
all subjects. He makes HuSk. Sea Grass, Excel
sior and Spanish Moss Mattresses, and if pre-
felred will line them on one side with cotton or
curled hair, making good winter as well as
summer bed in one caseing. He is agent for the
sale of the Excelsior kSpring Mattress, it is
made of English Hoop Iron and steel springs.
They are the best thing ever invented for all
purposes as any Kind of u bed can be used on
them and made to fit any kind of a bedstead.-
He uses no interior goods. in his manufactory,
and employs none but first7class mechanics,
therefore he is able to warrant all of, has work.
All persons wanting Upholstered Goods or work
done. will please call at his rooms at the sign OF
Headquarters. ..I-ia 60 - .-st
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1870-07-07

The following from the N. Y. Sun,
a Republican journal, indicates who
are hurt.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07


CONNECTION wiru Sr. LOUIS, Mo-, ny
rAIf,--Wc call attention TO the advertise
mcni in ro-iay's paper of the South Pacific
Railroad, Of Missouri. This lire win be
completed and in running order TO Spring
field, Mo-, 2il miles souih-west OF ~. Louis,
early in the present month, and to Pierce
CITY. 50 miles nearer TO us, by Juiy.--
Pierce City is - miles from the line of the
Indian Nation, andthe same distance from
the north boundary of Arkansas. As there
is n fast stage line from Sherman through
the Indian Nation, by Fort Smith, TO the
termination of the road, it is asserted, and
We believe truly, that It is the shortest and
cheapest line to the East. The attention
of the cattlc.shippcrs, particularly, is cal
led TO this line of road. The Company
have the lRrgcst and best constructed stock
cars of any in use in the West, and coaches
for the accommodation of drovcrs are run
on all stock trains. The Company asks
the patronage of Northern Texas. The
South Pacific, or South West Branch Road,
as it is more generally known by, is one OF
the roads that are pointing to North Texas
from the northeast, and is being rapidly
constructed. II will, We are satisfied, COM
mand large share of the carrying traffic
Of this part of Texas MS soon as it is suifi-
cie,Yrlp, near us 10 be made available, and
that time will not be long IT, the road is
pushed on through the Nationals fast as it
is now being built through southwestern
Missouri.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

HENDERSON, KY, March 2Sth, 1870.
Messees. Banks, Green, Glass, Elan,
and Ho,loudy, CONS:

HENDERSON, KY, March 2Sth, 1870.
Messees. Banks, Green, Glass, Elan,
and Ho'iouay, CONS,
GENTLEMEN: i am receiving let
ters daily from every part of tho
country, asking when the drawing
of prizes in the Land Sale will pos
itigcly take place. ] have been un-
oble until within tho last few days
10 make arrangements. to prosecute
the enterprise.
Thankful 10 you and the public
for the indulgence extended to me,
I hope that you will announce that
the drawing will take place on tho
4th day of July next, as ! will then
bc ready, and will ask no further
delay. Your ob't servant.
WIN. McCLAIN.
I'm McC7ain Esq: Dear Strive
arc aware of the embarrassments
nnder which you have labored in
prosecuting your Land Sale. Doubt
less the postponcmcnts of the draw
inc have had q tendency TO make
some persons lose confidence IN the
enterprise, but upon reflection all
muet come 10 the conclusion that
no wrong is done TO ticket holders
ne the rents OF the farms for this
and last year viii go-to them; and
HAT YOU arc the only one injured
bv the delay. We now say TO the
public that the drawing viii take
Mace on the 4th day OF July next,
unless prevented by unavoidable
accidcnts; in which event there will
not be a longer delay than ten days,
when the drawing viii positively
take place. The books Of all agents
will he closed on the 18th day Of
Jane except at Henderson and
DsuisvilIc. Very respectfully,
ID Banks.
. Wa. s. Holloway,
y. T. Glass, COmrs.
". s. Elan,
Grant Green
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07
AGUE AND FEVER.

g3TE.EE. CUSHING. Houston, Texas
wholesale and retail dealer in sCn00E
Books. Bibles, Hymn Books,
Sunday school Rocks, standard
literature, stationery, printers
stock, ChiIdrGn's Carriages,
Landreth's Garden seeds, imror-
fed Flower seeds, TWincs, Paper
Bags, wrapping Papers, Drug
gIsts' sundrics, Fine Pocket CUT
lcry, etc. -
Bsay. Unstable school Books taken on
account at fair valuation, according TO
condition.
March 5, lS70-3jstf Ht
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

f,s,a lsfitfy ~ piats lhe civil sn.
reslor " ne mliiafy laW, nay We
tsffti ~ set shat Ne hHN Ni'nrss
iht mHliafy coming harvard fanor
ieslins ~ years DE sednfilfe
sseels a thlimlled power with
alaeflir. ~ lear a.ffeealile fluly, a.
smrenhor ihl1 ilio hands NJ the pepf
rio y parcg always iemporaiely
cxeeniol N0whefo else than iH .
fenah.ie, where The military are of
and from the people, can they BE Us
hcle. tie defenders of hee'lom. Let
hs give them, without stint, the
credit and honor which Is their due,
We must, fair minded men, coneedo
50 much. though this employment
OF the military may have been total
Ia against our will,
All, too, can agree that u was an
unpleasant necessity which forced
upon tho republic the coercion Of
her eltizens; all may grieve that this
necessity existed. aud all now join
in the hope that the same has passed
away, never again in our history TO
return. That with enduring peace,
will return the respect for order and
tho forms and majesty Of civil law,
While, inherited from our foroiathors,
hes followed tho English language
to all parts Of tho world.
(Signedl
EDMUND ]. DAVIS,
GOVornOr Of Texas.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

~ Ifmalifs rtl sf fs.iissf 40 ~
s.fIiti ffinn RI nafffaaf rffls go
s'.f lIfffsif 1isfsafs. stht 30 ffsf
ia tafh haaifi 81 ne alt ~ ffti
ransi ds,ansai vs Givs 10 fiis is'rs n
its iifaafHi ne hiisF 81 fhsl Iu,llsh
tn.'fr To- alr ntff
iieiranrsffiiau TEA Place % ils ''ih.
its 0oiuhor ifins sueFa ia ~ iaisr
An's Mauin. ofihs sarrsms csaTi. Amer
ihs rss'.us ~ ihs lnalguril there as a
fraud taIlesus, which. so The TaFsTs
vsui of we'll
Tie GofernaE 10 BE Message, Tssoa-
nfrls ihs esiaLlishmrut ola STATE Milida,
aud NE rnralmeui ihtI'iu u every male
hstwssn 10 aud ii, lhose drsisins sssnF-
lion 10 pay a 6asl tau. ils fiULsr reoH-
msnis lAst the State huili eouTi'houses
aud jIil-, ahd taz ihs sounlirs bensdllsd
90 reimburse iheslaisi wishes laws passed
prohibiting the sarryingof deadly weapons
ioss not approve VI the PAST legislation Of
the kisie in reFsrl 10 lhlerRal Improve
mepls hut II the slaie wishes 10 render
assistance, it should give II to a grand
truck road from Rel River 10 the liio
G,auie, and leave private enterprise to
build other roads, on ihe suhiss, Of frontier
protection the Governor is omphalie'-ihe
settlers mast be protected at any cost :
refer. TO the unfrienlly legislation of other
States against our sloek-ralsers,, bat makes
no sugges,icusi refers to the judiciary de-
parimcni, aud asks immsl'A,e action on
the changes made necessary By the new
Constitution. In the matter % finances Il
was not possible 10 estimate the probable
lnerea'e % expenditure. The Inhabitants
bate doubled since 1860, anl considering
all things, militia pay, etc, one and half
millions per annum would be moderate
estimate. There was on hand Sept. iIth,
1867, the commencement Of the Provisional
Government, Sa0, received from Sept
l7ih, 1861, to April 10Th, 1870, Si,3Si, l9i.
Expended during the same period, Sl,O2l,-
SOL. Cash balance, April 10th, 1870,
s., 1j2 coin, STA, Ii6 currency, from which
deduct appropriations by military and pro-
yisional government Of SST, la7, and bal
anec unaccounted for OF IS, 1913 by lion. j.
q. Alien, late State Treasurer, and there Is
subject to appropriation the sum Of S2,9i2
coin and S3GS, 1876 cuTcneL The debt was
not fully stated, The Governor eontcnting
himself with little moro Than saying the
Stale might be considered ont Of debt. a
revision Of the mode OF collecting taxes
was suggcs,cd laws 10 regard to land
sold for unpaii taxes, and advising that
reports be required annually, closed this
F, branch Of the subject. In conclusion the
Governor hoped tina, the publlc would DC
benefited by the legislation Of the present
body. The message covers 52 fOolscap
ragcs, and is accompanied BY toluminous
reports from Heads of Departments.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

peT a caucus &C the Radical Senators
was called in Austin on the 18th uli., TO
appoint Committee TO arrange the Inau-
guration progi anime, but no quorum being
present, nothing was accomplished. There
was great deal Of cross-fring in the eau
Gus OH candidates for Spcakcrship of the
Senate. The special TO the Galveston News
says that Ruby was the fayoritc Mt first ;
then A. J. Fontainc; then Mills, of the 10th
District; but eventually Donald Campbell,
of the 8th--Alarion, Davis and Bowic-was
chosen, and was elected on Wednesday
without opposition.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

snoo fLT,- 4 young man keeping stare
in Grorgeiown, Kentucky, lately met n
snail party on The street. In that town.
and asked sha, he would 10 when ily time
came. Ills dry oil fa'hsr'ln-law, who
happened to be present, advised him to
buy a "shoO ny hat. The dry old father
in,law 4. the father Of Jadson II Slehee,
who resided some time here aud is well
known In this city.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

A. nffrnf 0ffTg - sii fffssas itai
u ihfy raft isfr sui n ilt fffl sfauai
~ iiii tf sfii ia Ne ftf ss N firif M
fsfsaa ai'l ts rfrnli.t lH ihs li|l ef
alsuf lhs ftrl fiuaHnllar h unhq|n ~
fsfnissian. 30 tsimninfl a hitf
pisauffs tsmmiiitl ~ "a tuslalf
al nniNH
sheriff nallis c6uhiy fsias
MAJ 7, is1n SIR
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

Das' Mr.. G. W. Humphrey, of Tyler,
Texas, agent for the Brooks Revolving
Cotton Press, gave us a call yesterday
lie is on n tour through Northern and
Western Texas, in the interest OF the
above press, which lie wishes TO introduce
here. MIR. II. was ono of the owners of
ihs Tyler Cotton Factory which was re-
Gently destroyed. He has thoroughly tested
The Brooks Press, having used one during
the past year, and being himself compe-
tent machinist, whatever he says regarding
it may be relied on. lie unhcsitatinsly
pronounccs this press the very best in use.
An advertisement of it will appear shortly
in the IIERArD, when VIC will say more of
its merits. We may add that one of these
presses has been in use the past season at
the Dallas Manufacturing Companys Mill.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

That TELEGRApn.-Thc WaSGhachie Ar
gus favors our project Of telegraph line
from Waco TO this place. md says that the
matter is being ftyUrably spoken of by the
merchants and citizens of that place. The
Argus says that the line can be put UP for
about $S000 and asks rs wirat plan we
propose to inaugurate the matter. We do
not know what would be the best plan; but
would suggest that the merchants and 9th
ers interested at Dallas, Lancaster, Waxa.
hachie, Milford, IIllsboro and, perhaps,
Waco, could very easily get the thing under
way by combined action. We think ne
can very safely promise liberal subscrip-
ton from Dallas, and would further sug-
cest TO our merchants in Dallas that a
meeting ~ called at ON early day, say at
the Banking House of Major L. c. Jordan,
to discuss the matter.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07

tsS-Wears indebted to John G, Conner
II Texas, Of the House, and J, c, Abbott, Of
North. Carolina, Of the uniiel States Sen
ate, for public Documents.
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07


gGV" The Legislature met, according to
the Proclamation of Governor Davis, on
Tuesday of last week. a quorum:was pre-
sent in each House, and they went immc
diately to work. Thursday. was lnaugu-
ration Day." and the probability is that
there was but little done until the begin
ming of this week. The impression pre-
walls that it will be a long and tedious
session. 1t is believed that the entire code
of the State will be revised, and an i'm
mcnse amount of special legislation will
be brought up.
1t is thought, among other things, that
there will be n proposition before the Le-
gislature to build two other Pcnicntiaries
beside the Huntsville institution. If this
is correct, Dallas, we are informed, will
probably be the place selected for the one
east of the Eriaity! It J as been very APP
Of other accommodations of the kind
The project 10 build two additional build
ings, one in Western and the other in Eas-
tern Texas, has been discussed before, and
we think should meet the favor of our peo-
ple. Should this be done, Dallas, perhaps,
presents as favorable and as many adyan-
tages for its location as any town in Eas-
tern Texas-timberi in abundance, material,
&C., for making brick that is not excelled
BY any town in the State; and its geogra-
phcul post on, as the centre point for all
Northern Texas, are advantages that should
moi be ov erlooked in the selection of site
for tile institution, if it is determined to
build one.
The Legislature will no doubt be bcsieged
on the subject Of railroads from all parts
of the State. Already there are present
at Austin representatives of nearly, ii not
quite all the reads in the Siatc-those in
process of construction, rs we'll ne those
proposed. Among the prominent gentle
men there we fiud the names Of Colonies
Hsuscr and Hull, Of the Southern Pacific
Road Col. W. II. Baker, Of the Central
Road; beside representatives from the
various lines pointing this way from Kan
sas and Missouri This will be most
important session as regards railroad mat
tiers, and its action may, and probably will,
shape the future OF our entire railroad sys-
ten. II is 10 be hoped that the body will
be-wise and judicious in all its acts in re-
gard 10 This most important matter.
The. shaping Of the Judicial Districts,
we presume, will come up at an early day,
when Judges will beuPpoiutcd'Gnd District
Attorneys elected. As regards Ills Dis
rrici, we havenOt expressed anypreferenee
as yet as 10 It's size and shape, bu: We have
heard The matter discussed by several Of
our attorneys. What we believe would be
good and convenient district and one
THAI would give ample fine for rransaeting
all the business, might be made as fellows I;
Kaufman, Dallas, Ellis and Tarrant, With
y.srhaps Ahsson. nddsd-
Dallas herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1849-1873, 1870-05-07
EDMUND ], DAVIS,
Governor Of Texas,
AUSTIN, Texas, April 2sth, 1870.

bas- Attention Is called TO the circular
Of VIM. Meclain, Esq Of Henderson, Ky,
In relation to the Land Sale Drawing, II
will he seen that The drawing will posi-
lively take place on or before The illl day
Of July next, and those persons In our
vicinity who desire to Invest in he enter
prise, SHOULD sehl on At once and prosare
tickets. ------ LII