, 1870-08-14

ve1red in celestia1 mechAnlcs, NC can demon
ssrate these two fnteso ting faets:
fust-1hat the vasttv greater quantsty Of
matter contained in tho sun {s5A .936 ts1no,
that Of the earth) csusca the attraction of thr
whole aolar masa. for body on his eurf.cc,
to be IN {27,s 1861 times tho a.trzcton of fho
eaftl, Xor , body On her surface; ia other
words, the constituent particles OF tho sun
thn nave Inn mutual attraction q Is times greater
second-Ihat tho density OF the earth be-
mE taken As un1tv, that OF tho eun is only
02a; the Garth is about 5,< times hearie.
than an equal hulk Of water, while the sun II
omS times - heavy ~ = volume OF vates
equal to its bulk. That is, the constituent
PARTICLES Of the sun actually approach e,c!,
other only one-fouth as closely ~ those Of
There is no room to doubt that the sun aud
earth originally formed parts OF one great
| to The same laws Of CT pansion aocordlng to
Temperature. The contracting force is gtavi-
aaon; tae expanding Or ropu1s'Ve force T.
About eleven Thousand degrees Of Fahrenheit
equal to si1 thousand degrees ceutisrsdc-
/ tho temperature at the solar surface. The
temperature Of the sun must increase, like
that Of the earth. with an approach toward the
centre, and decrease upward toward the CT
tesior OF his luminous atmosphere.
1
At such Temperatures IA these the solid form
| Of matter is an 1mpossibility the whole body
| OF the sun Ia necessarily in state Of nuidity
like tae eafth's interior. He has no shell or
solid matter to give stability and position. Un-
der such intense heats the chemical Afiaities
| elective aftirities OF atoms wary With tho tom
perature, and with their capacity for caloric.
Tho epcctroscope Instrument shows Us that
immense aggrcgations OF magnesium and So
I ! = -Aff ~1A
phcre, and that vast assemblages Of hydrogen
atoms often occupy positions exterior to these.
| Even the mechanical Admi1ture visible in our
! atmosphere is but sparing'y exhibited In the
bun The chemical unions OF Atouas are ne
| ceesarily absent las in the earth's lnterior)
sunfb ethereal cnSelope-far Outside of Ma
phntCeDhere.
It is highly probable that far out In tho
non-luminous regions the temperature ia 80
nations, which arc at once precipltAscd toward
the centre. owing to their creator density thai
tho cspAtn!ity Of the combined atoms to re-
tain the compounded form Is soun lost in tho
greater temperature encountered In the de-
scent, and that the vibrations excited by this
which are produced on this eA,tl BY tie non
luminous portions OF the collar ray
NO COMBUSTION.
II ie easy 10 understand that in the absenoe
OF chemical combinations And resolutions
conbuetlon il impossible and cannot, there
receive from tie sun. We have other roa-
sons for knowing that these phenomena are
not caused by hukninE. Il the sun Weta
nothing but puro oxygen i would all be
and ninety year. or it he hAd been originally
composed Of tho best burning substance
hpoHn-o1ygen and fuel in proper proper
iions-he would have been burnt out to dark-
poss in S.5N years- But this il scarcely 80
long ~ the Garth il known to have been lighted
no evidence OF the existence OF n atom Of
oxygen in the sun, and our proof II couplete.
Eslthez Ia it possible that the hast Of the
sun Can be kept up By the fall Of metcofic
bo1iea to Lis sursace. Tbs only mateorites
| Which fall to the earth are those which hare
volve around the earth they would no more
fan 10 her surface than does the moon. Il ia
simply absurd to suppose that bodies. large Or
ANAL, Which respect tl,s sun IS centre, could
lose their orbits In sufficient m1aa 70 eustain
! lis force1 by the concusslon-
The only theory which is compatible with
| known facts il that the solar phenomena of
lis. and heat ara produced by intense molec-
| ular vibration, which IL in exact accordance
Hitll tho theoEy-no~ generally seeetved-ot
| the ut,dulAtory character Of Light and heat
Looking a, tbe SUI in tho light Of the facts
above Alduced, we shah seo IN immense fluli
globe, wilose diameter is (651, 13G mile7) near
Il twice that VI the moons orbit, aggregstinr
weight about ono and q hall times that Of An
eQusl bulk OF water.
Rtssoning from earth aua'osiea, we con-
c1ude that the density is much tue greatest to-
WsEd the centre, and thai the part within tho
| atnoerlcre. corresponding in position to the
| earth's crust. is but about half the density Of
| tain Hater bear tho equator, and scarcely six
tenths Of the same near tho poles Of rotation.
ii Ef ha ruf }1aIf
What greater in the interior than that Of 0lli
1 own atmosphere at the sea level.
suS s1oRAA
This material, light as cork, and fluid "a
quirktilser, with the opposing forces OF gra-
Nitat:on and rcpuls1ou very many times great
cr than with ua willie there is no solili6ed
c1ust to break up the continuity Of hi]Iouy
conyulaicn frpm surface to centre, presents
magnificent theatre for molecular action on
the grANscst scale, compared TO which the
rear Of our earth tempests, and tho dash Of
our ocean fili.'we, nie Is nothing.
It III not difficult to understkod how these
gigantic suxgings arc visible It the distance
Of mora than utnetyone millions Of
miles. while tho Eephyr-liko movements
IN on; atmosphere would BE- scarcely
distance. This mass Of mstter, go nearl.
ethcrcal in itn density. and possessing the
acme Of mobility amid tho most intense heat,
! il in state OF constant ard tremendous u.
| pFA4suN. pttl zluuuE AHQ AB . 1uaHa lA0 dIl1l+"
| ing positions OF the worlda whicl, circle
a1ur.ld it keep up Al incessant play Of gravi-
tu1l attractions, aud produce tit1al protru-
sions Of the interior huid mass. just as the
lunar attraction heaps up tho watezs OF our
earth on scale which ia mimic by compare
AMI fro amid tho mot lie element, and change
both shape and position with celerity more
than IEotean-some of them Eara been knosn
10 travel their hurricane paths A. the sase Q!
hundred miles per second.
Over and around this Bcenc Of perturbation
tie intensely ,lumiued atmospheric envelope
viEra1es tenpes.nnusty, swsTed Nther md
thither by the tlrobhnEs Of the interior u,2s5-
Tho mountainous uprisings produces m up
ward atmospheric Aow Tho gaseous enss-
self to recover IN equilibrium. Where these
exterior currents meet they produce whirl-
| pool excitement, and rush downward, Al tho
point Of junction, to take the place Of matter
| which has not bcen similarly cooled h{ expos
ute to external radiation
/ The whi1lwin1, the cyclonc, And tho NAtef-
! epout Of the Garth have thus their coIstof-
parts in the s.,n, and they are most apParens,
III each case. from without, whore tho eurglnS
atnosrhcfic tides BEST aff,aiass each other nn-
!. g1ily with neves-ecasing, hut always yarying,
|, force. Doubtless tho internal couanotiona are
universal, but far tho greatest in the e1anto-
rial regions, witn,n which the planetary forces
act perpen6iculsrly. Hence the upward fios'
is greatest in the zono corresponding To the
Garth trol,ics. and the downward rush Is rr,1.'
, cipa1ly yiFlbe in the two vast stoEHa-beltt
which bound it.. The same grand 81 STEM ol
circulation prevails on the sun ~ nn the cnrth
, | in obcdicnce to tho sxno gene1A LAWS which
govern tho movements OF natter in eFery ons
of the ,ntnitu.la Of worlds that deck the night
1 | Is armament. -.-..-
: These movements. then, are genuine Storm!
:. III the run. Their immediate inducing cause
! il found in tho yarying Positions aud d'efaneea
{ OF thc planetary lodies, Ar those movement
!. arc measurable, no also are tho times o.
!. greatest aud lcast tnn etorms movable be
J. forchsild. Tho Astronomical world has Ion
| known that iS10 would he maxlmnm year.
THE srN srnnHs AND THE WEATHER.
Il IIcle we lave bond Of sympathy e=taf
IS 1ishesi between the members OF the great soA
l. family. Tut tie Affection na7lst t>e mutual
il reflex These storms IN the sun rcaet on th
70 bodies which circle around him. and prod1c
III variations in the average Of atsiiz1ug toTc
- which lie eupplcs 10 them. Let us look at th
j. phenomena which result on this e.rthI1na,se ~;
r. Of the changes which occur IN all the othe
II ucmE'ers OF our family OF worlds
=. Whist, then, arc the consequences to ot
IT earth Of the obBcnration OF ore narf IN on
;. hundred md thirty Of the sun's visible surface
n by dark epots, in 1870!
y Firnt, A reduction in the amount Of hei
r supplied to the earth By the sun {to atunos
= rberc, water, and landl; corresponding to y
II, fcseencd ates OF calorifylng sun surface. "
r. cstimste the reduction 10 be fully two degret
Il OF tho Fahrenheit ecale. This diminution
Il temperature applies to the whole uaess. br
10 not uniformly to Its sevetaf parts: becanl
ar subordinate causes arc ever ut work to Pr
d duce deviation fren, the average tcmpcsatul
az OF particular localities. This Involves.
M second. dsminution in the amount
Il. water taken rp by the sun from ocean II
{snd fprincipaiIv from tho sca) because. n
Il, der the same conditions, the amount Of he
~. force measures the quantity Of work p
nj formed. This involveF also, n diminish
,.t latpfall, on rea and land, because all I