New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-07-06

oE0O1 instead
iV'', ,,o vve sbould be obliged TO pay the ex-
- % the Government by direct taxation shouid
- opr domestic manufactures ruined an" inc P'on'
- ,he acricnlturiss much diminished by the huN INV"
80 business and the consequent coihPeuuon' vi 'io
"a tardcd workmen from the manufactures.
A,,c,ica produces chiefly raw material because she
a., advantages Of a more extensive territory ana
- ,tile soil England produces chiefly manufactured
-. because she has the advantages OF more capital
-, ,rerience and cheaper labor. NOW inc doctrine
9, ,r5e (which is perfectly sound ana just uoo-
a, ,pel 10 two countries that are similarly STU
oycrv rcspccO, II applied in this case would
o'' a., Americans to give themselves exclusively To
a., rr,ducon Of raw material, ana the EhehSh eAoiu
~ IN manufactures, on the ground that eHeh couiu
Iase Of the other what it would then need moro
ataby than it could produce that article LOT i'Sei',
Ms suppose that the Americans adopt thsau'ce' ana
20 uoting but raw material. What VIII be the con
.sequencci .u. .-o,r0
As every civilized nation must consume more Va'uc
vested i'm manufactured goods than III ia" m"t''i"i
itbout reckoning tea. coffee, and tropical prouuc'S
which must be brought from abroad, II Is eNuen' 'l"'
mo must be constantly pressed 20 purchase rom Foreign
countries more than we easily pay for by selling 10
them INV material. In order them TO enlarge the lor
i- market for our cotton, tobacco, ana nour' We S'
orr them on the most favorable terms we must oner
tiem at the American price say Of one hundred-Wesht
m sir pounds Of manufactures rather thah al INC J0'
elm pice which they would otherwise naturally assume
f one bundredweight for ten pounds. At TINS foreign
~rc IL may be assumed that we should procure Ohi9
DO ool pounds Of manufactured goods-not enough 10
upy our wants But in order TO obtain more we must
b ore 20 sell more; and in order TO sell more, we must
offer the raw material at lower price, so as 10 ehape
ar number OF foreigners TO purchase IT, Inc primer
m is then that whichever nation ia under the strongest
tempation or necessity TO buy from others-"hCnolo
needs TO buy more value than il can readily scli-"at
nation labors under disadvantage III the u"ihc' anu
must ,fer its own commodities at the lowest possible
price.
Al the lowest price which is possible we say Tor
the theory shows clearly that there are limits o'Son
which the price neither be elevated nor uepioso
We cannot sell for less than six pounds because inc cC
OF producing a hundredweight Of raw mateIlai "o'u'
with al our disadvantages in manufacturing ehaoe us
70 manufacture pounds Of such goods Tor ourselves
Neither can we obtain more than ten pounds, because
the labor and capital bestowed eleven pounds oil th'se
Goods would enable the English, in spite OF their usau
vauaccs regard to produce raise one huhuIeu
weight Of it FOR themselves Within these limits men,
is the sphere Of operation Of Protective Tariff beyond
them is the sphere Trade. Prohbtory duties are
always unwse; for the object is to check consumption
not TO destroy foreign trade
The purpose Of Protective Tariff is TO secure 10 each
nation the use Of its own natural advantages or rather
60 prevent il from throwing these natural advantages
away by too assduous and exclusive cultivation Of Them
The effect Of which would be, that the other arts ana
branches Of industry would perish by neglect. COM
muty cannot prosper by devotng all its energies TO the
OF out one or the three great branches OF III
du,try Devoted toagrcuture alone, TO manufactures
alone or TO commerce alone. it makes difference; in
either case it viii have but one class OF articles to SELL
while il will have two classes OF articles TO purchase; in
either case it will have greater surplus Of kind TO
DISPOSE Of than other nations will be willing able TO
lc except al the lowest possible price; and TO sell
al the lowest possible price, we have now demon
stcd TO sacrifice the whole Of the natural advantage
with which we are endowed by Nature, and to put our
selves on par with other countries in this respect while
-,.a are below them in every other respect.
THAT the Protective policy here advocated is con-
stent with the doctrines of Political Economy, that
s,ence is usually taught in Europe must appear from
tbematons Of the theory already laid down, and from
the fact that this theory is frankly accepted even by
those English Economists who sOuty maintain the gen
sra doctrine Of Free Trade For proof quote from
John Stuart Mil: . :,
4'If il be asked he SAYS what country draws totsef
rho greatest share OF the advantages Of any trade II car
rios on the answer is-the country for whose producuos
hcrc is i'm other countries the greatest demand ana
demand the most susceptible of increase from aduuohaI
reapness In so far the productions OF any country
ss~s this property, the country obtains all foreign
commodities at less cost II gets its imports cheaper the
rater the intensity Of the demand in foreign countries
tor its exports also gets its imports cheaper me Ss
DE ertent and teHSyof its Orn demand Jor men, me
,,orEefi is eJeqpest 10 those Whose demand IS small
country which desires few foreign productions and only
a limited quantity. while its commodities are III
treat request in foreign countries, will obtain its limited
Imports at extremely small cost-that is in exchange Tor
hc produce Of very small quantity of its labor and
-apita' - IL
Consequently. he argues, 'the opening Of a new
branch Of export trade increase in the foreign de-
and for our products, either by the natural course OF
veDs or by an abrogaton Of duties; check 10 oar
iemqnd for foreign commodities Jy the laying on Of I'M
oorf duties at home, Of export duties esewhere these
and all other events Of similar tendency, would our
Imports 10 longer balance for our exports; ana the
countries which take exports would be Obliged 10
offer their commodities specie among the resp on cheaper
terms I'm order TO reGstabsh the equation or demand
and thus we should obtain money cheaper and acquire
generally higher rate Of prices Incidents the reverse Oh
hose would produce effects the reyerse-woud reduce
prices
Il" appears then that IL is for the interest
1f American planters and agriculturists than Of the
manufacturers themselves that duties should be laid on
che importation of foreign manufactured goods, to
restrict the amount Of such importation. We thus pur-
chase imports cheaply, or, what is the same
thing, commodities actually bartered forcOmmodi-
cs We sell exports at higher price. The effect Of
the duty IS TO raise the price Of the imported articles
hut 10 cheaper them, the duty actually falling in great
part upon the foreign manufacturer
For instances What would be the probable effect Of
raising the duty from 10 10 80 per cent upon all the i'm
ported articles which in competition with Ameri
can manufactures Suppose the value OF such articles
did not exceed 2OO0OOOOO the other imports being OF
such commodtes-tea coffee drugs materials, and
the Hke-that should be obliged, under any circum-
stances to purchase them Of foreigners. Even If the
heavier duty on the competing articles should reduce the
amount imported 10 100000 the Of our own
Government would be much increased by the alteration
But England, from whom we import most OF the com
Detug goods would still need to obtain from US as much
vegetable food tobacco and cotton ever and her sale
Of her own manufactures to the United States being
IN