Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1870-07-08

The shaded portions of the diagram
represent the land the white spots show
the relative distribution of the water
The upper part of each diagram repre-
sents the north, and the breaks in the
bounding circles show the positions ol
the poles. Each pole is surrounded by q
patch of ice, marking the middle of the
polar regions. The following are the ref.
| erences:
A. Dawes Continent.
h. Dawes Ocean.
&. Cassini Land.
ID. Deambre Sea.
L. De La Rue Sea.
#. Fontana Land.
II. Herschel (Slr wy Continent.
j. Maraldi Sea.
X. Keper Land.
l.. Lockyer Laid
NJ. Nader Continent.
N. Tycho Sea.
p. Phillips Land.
X. Secchi Continent
A comparison of the above diagrams
with hemisphere map of our world, will
show several important dlfferences On
the earth the land lies in compact, though
irregular, masses, and the tides of the
ocean have free course except where they
pass between islands, or through channels
which separate islands from the main
land. The surface of Mars is marked by
and these run between continents and
lengthy peninsulas; only one well defined
island being visible, and that is probably
a volcano. On Mars the land and water
are nearly equal, while on the earth the
waters cover nearly three-fourths of the
entire surface. The land of Mare is of q
ruddy color, and it is the reflection of the
solar rays from this which gives the red
appearance of the planet The water is
! of greenish hue (as seen through the
telescope), and the latter fact indicates a
condition similar to the waters of the
earth, which are blue or green according
to the distance from the shore. The ap
parent hue of the waters is undoubtedly
modified somewhat by the passage of the
rays of light through the Martial atmos-
phere before they pass through the ethe-
real void" to impinge on the aerial envel-
ope which surrounds our earth. Mars
presents a very large extent of coast line
as compared with the earth, and it is ap-
parent from the diagram that 1t ispossible
to travel by land to almost every part OF
his land surface without resort to naviga.
tion.
The phenomena of tides as witnessed
on the earth are but family reproduced on
Mars, and for the reason that he has nc
attendant satellite. With US the attraction
of the moou is to that of the eun as 81 to
30. Hence the magnitude of our tidei
being represented by 7, that due to the sur
would be represented by 2. The greater
distance of Mars will cause the height oi
the tidal wave in the larger oceans to be
small, not exceeding or inches The rusf
of water through the narrow inlets will
be somewhat greater, though slight-just
n N n q a af iOp
in the waters With such a land contour
on our earth the greater tides would
cause rapid changes in the plan of the
continents in Mars we have no apparent
element of mutability in this direction
The permanence of such an outline as ID
presented by Mars would be practically
impossible were he attended by moon ol
considerable weight. Here we have one
among numerous examples or" the eternal
fitness Of things" to their surrounding
conditions.
In this lesser tidal flow, we have also Al
absence of the forces which have pro
duced such great changes in the earth'i
surface, in cutting channels through what
was once an isthmus, and the separating
an island from the main land. But, mas
much as Mars exhibits q greater propen
sity for channel forming than is indicated
in the case of our earth, we can but con
clude that the original volcanic actor
which elevated the land masses above hi
mean surface, operated largely in lines o.
force, whereas the upheavals of the eartt
were often effected in points, as is sttested
by our own numerous islandic formations
And, strangely enough, these slevatinl
forces appear to have operated in the po
lar regions nearly parallel to the plane oi
the equator, while in the equatorial re
gions these lines of upheaval are more
nearly perpendicular to the direction o.
rotation on the axis. This irregularity o.
formation Is undoubtedly due to the grea
eccentricity of the orbit of Mars tn,
more important ruptures in the onct
thin crust occurring near the time of thu
periheliOn.
The ice patches at the poles OF Mars
which have been observed to increase
and decrease regularly as each pole il
alternately turned away from the sun ol
towards him, are almost conclusive evi
dence OF the existence of an atmosphere
similar to that of the earth, in which thu
processes OF evaporation and rainfall
melting and thawing, are perpetually
going on, as in the case of the earth. Blu
the amount of solar heat and solar evap
grafton must be much more variable thar
with US, owing to the great eccentricity
OF the orbit of the planet. This will alst
give rise to much greater differences o
extreme and average temperature ia tn,
two hemispheres than with us, and henc
give possibility of far wider range, AM
much greater differences in the modes O
existence than are known on the earth
From this we may infer that the numbe
of classes and species of vegetables an,
animals Is much greater, while the mum
Der of individuals of each order is mucl
smaller on the surface of Mars than OF
that of the earth, and IL Is very probabl