davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sunbury American. [volume] (Sunbury, Pa.) 1848-1879, 1870-03-26
FIRST MORTGAGE BONDS
OF TEE
CHESAPEAKE AND ONO RAILROAD &C

CHESAPEAKE AND ONO RAILROAD co.
TIE Chesapeake and Ohio RGilronl connecting
the Atlantic coast and the magnificent halbor ,f
the Chesapeake Bay with the Ohio River at .
point Of reliable navigation, ana thus, with the
entire Railroad system and water transportation
OF the great West aud Southwest, forms the
additional East unci West T'r.,n7y
Line, 80 imperntive'y demanded for the accom-
moiat!on Of the immense aEl rapidiy-growing
Transportation between the Atlantic seahoard
and Europe on the one hand ani the great pro
ducing regions of the Ohio and Mississippi
valleys on the other.
The Importance Of this Road nv IA
new outlet from the West 10 the No;,
magnities it into ono Of national consequences
and insurcs TO it an extensive through traffic
| from the day Of its comp'ction while. in the
development of the extensive agricultural and
mineral resources Of Virginia and WcSt-Viginia,
it possesses, along its own line the elements Of
large and profitable local business.
Thus the great Interests, both general and
local, which demand tho completion of the
CHESAPEAKE ASD ONO RAILROAD to the Ohio
River, afford the sUrcst guarantee Of its succts.
and value, and reader IL the ni0si i.n-
pCrtUnt nnA substantial Railroad
( enterprise ROW in progress in tnc
! Country.
! Its superiority as an Ea.t and West route. and
, .hc promise Of an immense and profitable trad.
awaiting It's completion, have drawn I" It the al
tcntion ana cooperation Of prominent Capitalists
/ Railroad men Of this city Of sound Judgment and
/ known integrity, whose connection with It, to.
gcther with that of eminent citizens and bi-5.fns.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
Keeping Poultry us Il Business.

At recent meeting of the New York
Farmers Club, in answer to an enquiry about
keeping poultry on large scale, Warren Lee
land, Of the Metropolitan Hotel, New York,
who raises chickens at his Highland Farm in
Westchester county, said
have found that for every hundred fowls
you must give up at least an acre. But
rough land is as good as any Hens natural
ly love the bush, and lop young trees, but
leave shred by which they live a year or
more. These form hiding places and retreats
for them. In such places they prefer to lay.
| have great success, and it depends on three
or four rules, by observing which | believe
one can make good living by hens and tur-
keys.
!. give my fowls great range. Fifteen
acres belong to them exclusively Then the
broods have the range of another big lot, and
the turkeys 60 half a mile or more from the
house. The eighteen acres of poultry yard is
rough land of little use for tillage. 1t has a
pond in it and many rocks and bushes and
weeds and sandy places and ash heaps and
lime and bones and grass and place which
plow up to give them worms.
2. When hen has set | take her box,
throw out the straw and earth, let it be out
in the sun and rain few days, and give it a
good coat of whte-wash on both sides. In
winter, when it is very cold, l have an old
stove in their house and keep the warmth
above freezing. There is also an open fire.
place whore | build a FIRE in cold wet days
They dry themselves, and when the fire goes Out
there is a bed of ashes for them to wallow in
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
Spreading Manure In the Autumn.

Is. Il, Yantic, an experienced Indiana farm
er, in experimenting between spring and fall
spreading Of manure, decides in favor Of the
fall and early winter.
" In the early part Of the spring of 1866 l
tried spreading manure on an old meadow,
which had been mown for eight years in sue
cession. covered part Of it with sheep ma
nure, but the larger part with manure from
my horse stable, and a part was left without
any. The sheep manure doubled the crop
the horse manure was little better than that
which had Done-and, in fact, never saw
much good from it afterward.
/ have, since that time, used my manure
in the fall and early winter, with the best re-.
suit. In November, 1868, | covered about
five acres Of meadow, giving it about fifteen
large two-horse loads to the acre, about half
OF which was sheep manure, and the rest a
mixture Of COW and horse manure. The fol-
lowing season THAT Of 1869 being very wet,
] thought | never saw such grass grow; it
made nearly three tons to the acre where the
sheep manure was put had hard work to
tell where to drive when | was moving, for il
was 80 very heavy that the cut grass could
not fall. left about an acre, to see the diff
ference. The manure more than trebled the
crop. II was all clean timothy, and was the
second moving The ground never had any
manure before, having been cleared twelve
years, and had been tended every year with
either wheat or corn. | last fall tried the
same experiment, and hauled out as ii accu.
INFLATED until the middle Of February since
which time | will save it until just befor,
seeding my wheat. covered about two
acres Of wheat ground the last autumn, and
that looks as if it had stood the winter with,
out much damage, while the rest Of the same
field looks as if itmight belong to the squire
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
Items of Agricultural Experience.

l. All soils are benefited by being under
drained but the benefit is more apparent and
lasting in those Of a clayey nature, or having
a subsoi retentivc of moisture.
.. After drainage, subsoiling and good
cultivation are necessary to insure good crops
on heavy soils.
3. Lime is the best manure to supply
strong clay soils 1t renders them more per-
vious to light and heat, and also coerces their
acidity, by combining with some of the chem
ical salts in the soil, making plant food of
poison
L. Summer following is the most efficient
and profitable means of preparing strong
soils for wheat and OF beginning ro-
tation, after grass has been grown for length
Of time.
3. Green crops powed under, When in
the most succuent state are powerful auxil-
iaries in rendering light soil fertile; but if
this is done too often, successfully, the soil
becomes oyercharged with carbonaceous
matter.
8. Leached ashes, applied in large quanti-
ties to sandy soils, or those containing too
much vegetable humus will greatly amelio-
rate their condition, and render them more
compact
7. There is no soil so poor and sterile but
some mode may be found Of ameliorating and
enriching it.
8. Blowing sands may be gradually made
productive by spreading six inches thick OF
straw over them, to remain till rotted. Then
seed thichly with clover on the surface, with.
out blowing, and when the clover has taken
hold and become established, pasture sheep on
the land for two or three years preparatory
to manuring and cultivating it.
8. Two successive grain crops on the same
land leaves it very foul.
10. Summer following amelioratos soil
and if properly DONE gets rid of most of the
weeds and noxious plants iniesting it.--Canadc
Farmer.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
Canning Tomatoes.

In the Syracuse Union we find the follow.
ing "Iho most thorough and reliable mode
of canning tomatoes is as follows They are
just sufficiently steamed, not cooked, to scald
or loosen the skin, and are then poured upon
tables and the skin removed, care being taken
to preserve the tomato in as solid state as
possible. After being peeled, they are placed
in large pans with small bottoms perforated
with holes, 80 as to strain off the liquid that
emanates from them. From these pans they
are carefully placed by hand into cans, which
are filled as solidly as possible, in other
words, all are put in that the cans will hold
They are then put through the usual process
and Theoretically sealed. The cans, when
opened ior use, present the tomato, not only
like the natural vegetable in taste and color,
but also in appearance; when thus sealed,
they are warranted to keep in any climate,
andwhen opened will taste as naturally as
when just plucked from the vine"
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
The Farm in August.

Although the hurry and drive Of haying Isl
past there is still so much work to be done
that every hour should be made to count
Now is the time to do the ditching and to
haul muck. A generous supply of this abb
sorbent should be secured. Fresh dug muck
is Of little value either as an absorbent or
fertilizer but if It is hauled out and left to
rot it is Of great value for both. The COM
post heaps should now be attended TO- The
supply Of manure may be vastly increased
by attention TO this. With a liberal supply
Of barn manure as a basis, compost heap
should be formed Muck, old sods, swamp
grass, plaster and ashes thus make an impor-
tant addition 10 the resources Of the farm.
English turnips may be sown up to the mid
die Of the month. 1t is a mistake that this
root needs heavy manuring a newly turn.
ed sod, with a light spread Of well rotted
manure gives q better root, while heavy
manuring makes a strong top and thick leaves,
for small, unsatisfactory root.
We would again speak Of the Importance
Of subduing weeds it is Of such moment
that every agricultural paper in the land
should have stereotypcd, for a heading for
every column, the words Subdue the
weeds" The caution cannot be reiterated
too often nor in too emphatic tones. If an
instrument could be invented, by which the
amount Of uutriment absorbed by the weeds
on given area could be measured, more care
would be taken to keep the pests under II
is not that the fertility Of our soil is depart
ing, but that it is eaten up by a host Of in.
terlopers.
See that the live stock have good water
and in abundance. The springs and brooks
in the pastures are now very low, and care
should be taken to have an ample supply Sc.
cure.
With short posturagc low water, and flies
torturing, there is no wonder that mich COW.
at this season yield poorly.
In picking and marketing fruit we would
call attention 10 the importance Of carefully
asserting it. Poor fruit mixed with better
quality, destroys its sale, or at best, secure,
a very inferior price The best quality al
ways brings a good price, and only tho best
commands ready market Pears should
not be sent to market when fully ripe, if tn,
distance is great if picked when first begin
ing to mellow they will bear transportation
well, and will ripen up. Apples may be per
mitted to become more ripe, but ripe pea
decays very rapidly.
In the kitchen garden much may still b,
done.
Remove those squashes and melons whicl
will not ripen before frost, and pinch off su
perhuous shoots
In harvesting and storing onions car
should be taken to have them thoroughly
dried it is recommended to store them unit
: Al d. IL r IL Co.,. a 49,. l.. 4
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

~" ~ II
Care OF Cows.

The care Of cows is something that re-
duires knowledge and pains.taking in details.
Make your cows comfortable Abstain from
all abuse let no rude boys have access to
them or no dogs worry them. If a COW is
disposed to be ugly breachy and hard to man.
age, you do not want her, or if you do, Sc
cure her against harm in this respect, and let
kindness be the string to lead her rather than
laid on. You will form an attachment thus,
and this will be a benefit. BY giving COWS
good quarters the rains and snow of cold
weather are avoided, and instead of SILVER
ing out in the cold, your stock is having
bright looks and dry coats, chewing their cuds
in contentment. Winter feeding should be
higher than that of summer or fall Besides
the forage Of those seasons, we would add
some grain food for the oncomng Of cold
weather is an increased tax upon the vitality
OF the animal economy albeit warm stables
and sheltered yards counteract much of this
influence. The flow of milk can be kept up
in the winter as well as at any other season,
if we so desire it. The second growth of
clover is excellent for this. A plenty of good
hay, liberal supply Of roots and small
amount Of meal, even but one quart per day
Of corn meal, will carry a COW through the
winter in fine condition, and all the time she
will yield liberal flow Of milk, producing a
handsome profit on the expense Of feeding,
that is, if she has been well fed and cared for
through the summer and autumn The health
and welfare Of not only the COW, but of her
offspring, are greatly influenced by the treat
ment she receives before calying q healthy
-, 90,
bring forth healty calf with greater GER
tainty Of doing we'll herself and young than
one which is in high flesh. There is a mean
in condition, wherein a COW should be kept,
that is, neither fat or lean but in good con-
dition; in this condition both the COW and
her young will do better than either of the
other two. A poor Unlocking COW may have
a passable calf but the odds are that the call
will exhibit the same lean, raking appear.
nnce Of the mother, showing that there has
been something radically wrong also, the
after milking Of the COW tells the same tale
Do not crowd lin herds) your cattle, you
know the effect upon poultry, upon sheep
there is more danger with cows They icR
hook, more or less, and in large herds Their,
is always loss. The timid and weak suffel
most, and these need the most attention
There must be division; larger space viii
not do, as the contact at different times mus
take place. Put together such as are weak
est and most harmless as in the case Of sheen
Blunt the horns Of the vicious and the few
domineering, keep them separate One ami
NAL will sometimes do more mischief than
whole herd. We cannot insist too much upo
kindness to mich COWS. Those in milk SHOULD
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
Bloody MIX.

A correspondent, a few weeks ago, said he
had heiier giving bloody milk out Of one teat,
that he had tried garget and saltpetro with
out benefit.
We had such case. The COW was yalu-
able. We gave her garget, and gave her
saltpetre, and then had piece of garget in
serted as a rowel, No good came from all.
We sent for the veterinary surgeon Dr. II.
Wood Of Lowell. He said the COW was not
gargety, and that the only trouble was that
small bood-yessel in the teat had been
broken by too hard pressure, and that if that
tcat was stripped daily, and the place of rup.
ture given time to heal there would be no
troable His advice was followed. In two
weeks she was well, and has given no bloody
milk since, for more than a year.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

SOiling Cattle,

The editor Of The Practical Farmer re-
marks that soiing COWS, instead Of pasturing
them, both makes and saves. 1t saves in.
side fences, which in this vicinity cost to
keep up So As per acre. Ii saves land it
saves manure. 1t increases the production Of
milk and butter, taking a period Of s or.9
months. Although when grass is fresh in
carly spring there is a slight increase of milk
which COWS give over that Of being confined
in the yard yet when the weather gets warm
er and flies abound, with pasture getting
little scarce, the amount given in the yard
or stable, where there is shade, shelter, and
water, soon exceeds the other. The question,
are cows as healthy in confined yards as on
the pasturage system can be fully answered
in the affirmative We think small yard,
supplied with shedding or trees for shade and
protection, is preferable to being tied in a
stable In this yard they can walk about a
little, or rub themselves against post. 1t
will be observed, cows in field when eating
are mostly standing still, and the exercise
they do take Of their own accord is to
hunt food or to protect themselves from the
weather.
How to keep up a supply Of green food
would seem to be, in this country, the great
point on which the adoption Of the soiling
system may turn but we think here there is
no difficulty.
Fall-sown rye, sown probably twice as thick
as ordinary and in rich ground, will give q
supply Of green food early in spring, till or
chard grass and clover, mixed, are ready foi
moving Oats should also be sown, foui
bushels to the acre, as early as the grounc
will admit; to come in after the first cutting
Of grass and before the sown corn This lat
ter will. be found to be the great staple croI
Of the soiling system. The first sowing il
drills, three feet apart, and at the rate o
three bushels to the acre, should be on or be
fore the first week in fifth month May, an,
successive sowings should be made ten day
or two weeks apart. Sown Indian corn is
wonderful provision Of Nature as food 70
stock An immense weight of it can b
grown on an acre, it is eaten greedily, and j
most nutritious, promoting the secretion o
milk more than any other kind Of food
abounds in rich saccharine matter. W
have seen beautiful sugar made from stalk
Of Indian corn Any excess Of it, not con
sumed by the cows green, can be cured 70
winter proyender, and is better than any kin
Of hay
The cultivation Of roots sugar-beets an
ruta-bagas-s should also enter into the soiin
system. Independent of their merits as
green suaculent food in winter season, tn
leaves and tops make in the fall a pleasaI
. change from other food.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

Sanford Howard says, in the Lansing Re.
publican, that as fine wool can be produced
in this country ar in any other that il is
simply question Of profit. He says farther,
that the finest wool cannot be produced as
cheaply as the coarser grades. The sheep
producing 1t are lot generally so hardy, and
do not yield so heavy feeces they are slow
in reaching maturity, do not make very good
mutton. Tho demand for the finest woods is
small compared with that Of other qualities, aud
decreasing, az broadcloth Is not SO generally
worn as formerly. He thinks, however, that
the country would be beneftted by producing
this wool which can only be done by i'm
posing high duties on imported wool Of this
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer Of
May %, says -" We have now been feeding
our calves with that esculent root for several
weeks, with very good results. We do not
try TO make them substitute for milk, but
an addition to it. The potatoes are cooked with
those which we use in our family, cooking in
the morning what we feed at evening, and at
noon what we require in the morning This
keeps them sweet and fresh. They are mash.
ed and put into their milk. The calves eat
them readily and thrive remarkably upon
them. They do not cause them to scour a,
meal often does, and We think they tend tc
keep the appetite even or regalar--nt least, SC
far, we have found them ready for their morn,
ing and evening meal, without any Of thai
daintiness which often charaoterizes calves FED
with skimmed and sour milk from the nail ,
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

BEETs.-The culture of the beet is said to
be worth more to a country as fertilizer than
the product directly derived from the treat.
ment Of tho root, the waste pulp proving more
valuable than the sugar 1t is fed to harmed
cattle in large quantities. 1t is stated that
in France, where the business has grown to
enormous dimensions, the increase in cattle on
account Of the beet pulp is wonderful. In
the district Of country surrounding the city
Valenciennes, where, before the production
Of beet sugar, seven hundred oxen were the
total amount, eleven thousand five hundred
were the total amount raised last year. But
this is not all. This enormous increase Of
stock has 30 much advanced the fertility Of
the land that one hundred and ninety thous.
and bushels more wheat are raised in the
same distrietpe annun., than were ever raised
in previous years,--N Y Commercial Bal-
ietin.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24


4 docs not pay In any way,
To milk a COW throe times a day.
Tho woll-hred daughter for n farmer,
prudent help meet and a charmcr
II Is no place 10 sot poles,
Whore rnolos and mice have dug their holes.
Pork and beans make muscles strong,
Something farmers seek
II Is dish to mako life long
When cooked but once week.
A slovenly dress. a shabby pate,
The fences down, q broken gate,
Pigs In tho garden weeds very high
Children unwashcd-no bacon TO Try,
Lots Of great dogs and yawling tomcats,
Windows repaired with q dozen old hats,
An empty barn, not spear Of hay,
Cows In the clover horse runaway,
Things sold by guess without being weighed,
Bills coming IN and taxes unpaid
Pipes and tObacco-whskey-nog
Drag in their train, ~ all might expect,
All sorts Of troubles o. fret away life,
But worst Of the whole, an unhappy wife.
Amackorol sky
The wind will he high,
Then bring IN the grain,
Close by there is rain.
Ifyou would thrive,
Be up at fvc
FOr there Is health
When at the plough
Or milking the COW.
At the farmers cost,
Il early frost.
Exercise reason
Harvest In season.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

Every farmer should have can of linseed
oil and brush on hand and whenever he
buys new tool, he should soak it well in the
oil and dry it by the fire or in the sun, before
using it. The wood by this treatment is
toughened and strengthened, and rendered
impervious to water. Wet a new hay-rake
and when it dries it will begin to be loose in
the joints; but if well Oiled the wet will
hav. but slight effect Shovels and forks
are preserved from checking and cracking in
the top of handles by oiling; the wood be-
comes smooth as glass by use, and is far less
liable to blister the hand when long used
Axe and hammer handles often break off
where the wood enters the from this part
particularly should be toughened with oil, to
secure durability. Oiing the wood in the
eye Of the axe will prevent its swelling and
shrinking and sometimes getting loose. The
tools on a large farm cost large sum of
money they should be Of the most approved
kinds. 1t is poor economy at the present
extrayagaut prices of labor, to set men at
work with ordinary, old-fashonod implements
Laborers should be required to return their
tools to the convenient places provided for
them after using, they should be put away
clean and bright. The mouldboards of the
plows are apt to get rusty from one season to
another, even if sheltered; they should be
brushed over with few drops of oil when
put away, and will then remain in good Or
der till wanted.-Farm Journal
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24
WILLARD DERBY,
or Derby, Snow Prentiss, jersey City, N. J.

Watch No. l,l2i, Stem lnder-bearlng Trademark
Frederick Atherton Co., Marion n. J.,n manufao-
ured by the United States Watch Co.. has been carried
by me seven months Its total variation from time
being only six seconds.
A. L. DENNIS, Prost n. J.RR&T
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

MTIcA Feb IS, 1870
Watch No. 1854, stem-W Misunderstanding Trade Marx
" Frederick Athert0n Co, Marion, ~ J. - manuiac-
tured by the United States Watch Co.. has been carried
by me twenty months it, total variation from mean
time being five seconds per month.
2. PRIEST, Asst supt n. &c. & R.R.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

90 TO CARLTON
and soc the largest and best. selected stock Of
CARPETS, MATS AND MATTINGS,
FEATHER BUSTERS,
FLOOR AND SCRUB BRUSHES
AND CARPET swEEPERs,
Ever offered for sale in Montpelier Also ano stock Of
DRY GOODS,
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC CLOTHS
For Mems and Boys Clothes,
TABLE LINEN AND TOWELING,
HOSIERY AND GLOVES
ALEXANDRA KID GLOVES,
TRIMMINGS, EDGNGs, &C,
French Post Office building, Main Street,
MONTPELIER, VT. l6-u
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1870-08-24

Watch M. ,O4, Stem Misunderstanding Trade.Ma
Frederick Anterior Co. Marion n. j." manuiac
tured by the United States Watch Co., has been carried
by fifteen months its total variation from mean tm1
belng only ono sncnnd Dor month.