The New York herald., 1870-11-25

Increase 22o26 93,55e
wasbinntag 4ooo1 oI i22 1os. .sss
mcrease.. 21,lG 4S,216
p,i,eaam, rieEcem.aee.''..." Al so, 4oal7 s7.ai5
Increase. ........... 26Io oI,S95
Percentage. Dol U1o
The first thing which here strikes us as very
remarkable is the small percentage Of increase
in the population of the city of New York in
| the ten years from 1860 to 1870, say fourteen
per cent compared with the decade from 1850
to 1860, of nearly fiity-eight per cent But,
allowing for all deficiencies in Marshal Sharpes
censr, the difference in our percentage Of
Increase in population between these two
decades is largely due to the following causes -
Between 1850 and 1860 the then newly
discovered California gold mines gave an
immense impulse to the growth of this city, as
did also our increased Southern trade, result
ing from the heavy cotton crops Of the South
Between 1860 and 1870, for four or five years,
the war not only greatly arrested the growth
Of our population, but in suspending for
several years, on account of the high prices Of
materials and labor, the erection Of new build
ings SO far contributed to ''raise the rents" as
to drive thousands Of our citizens over to
Brooklyn and other parts of Long Island, to
Connecticut, to Westchester, to Staten Island
and to New Jersey. This exodus, on all sides,
has been going on ever since. In fact
Brooklyn, Jersey City and its appendages,
Staten Island, and Westchester to great
extent, are but suburbs of this city, and we
must count in their population accordingly in
order to reach the expansion of the business
of this great commercial and financial centre
and settling house of the continent.
1t will next be seen that to greater or
smaller extent, with some notable exceptions,
the percentage of increase in the other cities
Of our table has been less in the last decade
than in that from 1850 to 1860, and the causes
and consequences of the war will account for
the general loss. Boston in this last decade
shows large increase in her percentage Of
gain, but this is due to the late annexation to
the city of the surrounding towns. Washing
ton also shows large increase in her percent
! age of gain, but this is due to the thirty
| thousand blacks drawn into the city from Vir-
ginia and Maryland during the war to escape
shows gain of five per cent in her population
Of 1870 compared with 1860, which is due
partly to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and
partly to the emancipated blacks Of Maryland
attracted to the city. All the cities and towns
of the South since the abolition Of slavery
have made large gains to their fixed popula-
ton from the blacks of the surrounding coun-
try. The amusements and exctements of
cities and towns, and the chances they offer of
a comparatively easy and jolly vagrant sort of
existence, have been irresistible to the igno-
rant, indolent and fun-loving emancipated
blacks.
The general increase Of the population Of all
the Northern States, however, east of Indiana
is in their cities and towns; and this is due to
the railroads, which have operated and are
operating to arrest the growth Of population in
the rural districts, and to increase it in the
large cities and towns. From Illinois west
ward to the Pacific, however, the increase of
population spreads over town and country;
and in the apportionment Of members Of the
lower House of Congress upon the new census
the States Of the Northwest will secure an i'm
por.ant balance of power. The Southern
States, Notwithstanding their fearful losses
during the war, show an unexpected increase
| in their white population, and also in the
blacks, Notwithstanding the oft-repeated sta
tistics Of their rapid decay since the aboli-
| ton of slavery Texas, however, is the only
| Southern State which will show an increase in
/ her population comparable with that of Missouri
or Iowa, and nearly approaching Minnesota,
during the last ten years. During the war thou
sands of planters in the Southwestern Slave
States first threatened with abolition NOV ed
with their slaves into Texas, and since the
war the cheap and fertile lands and fine climate
of that State have sustained the Southern emf
grafton in that direction.
In the decade before ms all the Southern
States, more or less, will gain prodigiously in
population and wealth, because Of their cheap
genial climate. Meantime, excepting our great
cities, the general drift of population has been
to the Northwest and the new States and Ter
ritories thence to the Pacific; and under the
next Presidency, if not before, that section of
the Union will take from New England and
Pennsylvania the balance Of power, and will
hold it in both Houses of Congress, on the
tariff and all the financial questions affecting
| the general interests of the Union.
THE PROTEST OF THE HOLY FATHER. The
! Pope will not yield. He has just issued an
\ u..ar;oaI ard hull copcprnipr tho snoliation