The New York herald., 1870-01-29
THE NEW NATION.
Interesting Details Of Affairs at
Red River.
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SECRET HISTORY OF THE lNSvRaECTION.
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The Government u COun-
Gil Of Ten.
EcaET HISTORY OF THE INSURRECTION.
ITS RESOURCES, ARMY AND FLAG.
XKETCHES OF THE PROMINENT LEADERS.
PORT ABERcRoMBir,

discontinue begin to obtain something IKE reiia-
bic news respecting affairs at winnipeg, ana am
enabled to give correct and interesting narrative
OF events IN that secIlon down 10 very recent date.
1 am surprised TO ind how little Is known Of the
real state OF things In Winnipeg. Notwithstanding
tine almost daily telegraphic dispatches which nave
been sent East from ST. Paul. and volumnous cor
from Winnipeg, the chief elements In
the Red River rebellion, as 1t has been called have
been almost entirely overlooked, and IN their stead
Interested parties nave forwarded news from the
theatre OF operations coored to suit their own
purposes and giving no insight into the workings
OF the new government Affairs at present
are perfectly quiet the Red River settlement,
cepting sne apprehensions or indian troubles. But
as spring will develop the fate OF the Winnipeg gov
ernment careful scrutiny Of It's secret controlling
Influences ana It's resources VIII throw considerable
hight upon its chances for success. TO make the
condition of the Red River insurrection thoroughly
understood VIII be necessary to refer briefly to the
character OF the people engaged in 1t and the princ
pal incidents OF the last three months.
Scattered along Red River for distance OF
thirty miles Is population OF about 5000 French
ha-breeds. These are not half-blooded Indians, rs
their SoOftQuet would indicate, the term half
breed applying to a great number III the settlement
VINO have not more than one eighth or one
biAletutu Vi iuuidH DlOJu III luSfT NcAlss
Fort Garry, seventy miles from the United States
border at the junction OF the Assiniboin river with
Red river, IS the centre OF The settlement ana the
headquarters OF the new government The settlers
live log huts and each occupies tract Of land OF
from two to twenty chains 'front.' on the river and
extending back two miles. Back OF these tracts
eacn property owner claims two miles OF hay land.
Tnc first plot OF ground he has purchased from the
Hudson Bay Company or some previous settler put
the hay land is held by sort or sguatter'S title.
Very few OF the settlers can read write, and
nearly all Of them are engaged IN hunting. They do
not attempt to cultivate the soil, but soon as
spring opens the men all set out for the butialo
plains and are absent throughout the sum-
mer. In winter many engaged In
fur trapping, but the most OF them re-
main In the settlements, living upon
the buffalo meat secured by the summers hunt The
town OF Winnipeg consists OF thirty or forty houses
now closely collected together just below Fort carry
Up on the Assinibon river, which lows in an east.
erly direction to Red river, are the English and
Scotch settlements, scattered along the river for
many miles, and numbering In the aggregate about
5000 people. Most OF them are Protes,ants and all
are Industrious quiet farmers with the exception OF
few men engaged In mercantile pursuits and
trading with distant Indians All these people were
more or less dependent upon the Hudson Bay Com
pany, which imported via Canada and your factories
all the manufactured articles used In the settlements
and sold them as low az they be bought in Can
ada there being an import duty OF only four per
cent The settlers were employed by the company as
factors, traders trappers laborers, &C.. and had
civil authorities other than those created by the
Hudson Bay Company. There was however more
powerful organization which exercised absolute con-
troll over most OF the settlements and which naugu-
raf ad nd hp ma uov
Rlsts OF
THE FRENCH JEsUIrs,
whose priests have penetrated every valley of the
vast Northwest: whose chants are heard ia every
Indian tribe west OF the great lakes, and whose
bishops are reverenced by the simple minded half
breeds next to the Deity Bishop Tache his Jesuit
subordinates are men or great ability, thorough
education and long experience In the ART
of secretly controlling the half-breeds OF Red
River. They had built fine churches and sc.
cured all the possessions and prerogatlves which the
Jesuit leaders could DESIRE ana when the transfer
OF the Northwest Territory to the New Dominion
took place they fofesaw that the establishment OF
new governor and OF Dominion laws would interfere
with their acquisitions and seriously affect their
ecclesiastical power II is cardinal principle or
Jesuit administration TO accomplish its purposes by
means OF external agencies, and accordingly when
Governor McDougall approached Winnipeg the Red
River settlements were prepared 10 resist him and
force him TO abandon his mission. A convention OF
the people was held in November, at which there
were about dozen delegates from the French set
tlement ana similar number from the Scotch and
English settlements collectively.
Here the shrewdn ess OF the Jesults first became
apparent, and rrom this point their handiwork is
disc ernlble through all the operations or the nsur
rection. man named Bruce WIS made president
nj no in arla IN urp bn
tion OF the English and Scotch and Riel was made
general-in-chief OF the military forces. or course
ut such time the general in-chiei would be. .virtu.
ally supreme, and the Jesults knew their man when
they took the wei educated and ambitious young
grocery clerk for their agent A declaration Of
independence was formally announced and to all
appearances young republic was springlng up In
which every man was ready to shed his last drop OF
blood in defence OF the rights OF the settlements.
The English and Scotch settlements however did
not enter luy into the spirit OF the occasion, ana
when 1t found that they could not be relied upon
10 resist the authority OF Great Britain they were
thrown overheard entirely and new government
'Vas organized, consisting or
A COUNCIL OF TEN.
anu composed almost wholly OF French half breeds.
ne was made president and U'Donl hue a teacher
~ cae Jesuit SCHOOLS, secretary OF the council The
nm lors OF Inc resistance TO Governor GcDouga and
OF the expulsion oil Colonel Dennis from the Red
Mtef country, is already familiar TO tne HERALD
tcd CTS since tnose events very little OF lmpOr-
tanGs mas peen done. The Council or Ten arc sell
dom called together, as very few questions oil policy
arise m The present state OF stasnatlon and kie Is
left 70 manage Affairs.
THE HEADQUARTERS
OF the government are located In Fort Garry 'rhjz
structure was O trading post and depot az the
Hudson Bay Company. ana from IL al ina
carts we're stared IN spring for me
hunting grounds towards tie Rocky Mountains
II stands. upon high bluG, iInmediately al tho
junction a the AssinIDoln and Red rivers and con.
ssts OF a nlinlDer OF stone frame ana log huiIdinrs
on three sides by stone wal loot and
O half thick ana ten feet higl, and on the fourth
side by plank fence or the same height as the wall
About three aeres are enclosed ne Tort and some
OF the buildings are three stores beh ana have been
but tie lime IS now early all beaten
on by storms, gp1ng tfe buildings rather foriorn
appearance. Kiel bosfds with MIS- Linkader,
Mue Of Hudson Bay Company tracer VINO lives
INSIDE Tue lori and bas his Office In the same build
ing The Council OF Zen meet in RiePs office when
caed together, and al the affairs of thesuew nation
are directed III this little apartment From
sian ln the centre OF the parade ground roals
THE RED EIvEa FLAG
recently adopted by the council. This CONSISTS OF
three Jeur de US above three shamrocks In "A while
iela. With gold iringe around the border. The
lTst nag used oy the Red River troops was white
led no tyn "A