The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23

or one class before the members OF the other were
Indies saw their fields deserted. their ex-
por.s dw.ndlipg into insignihcance and them EN-
| 1fty-eight out of eighty estates were aban.
| doned, and many thousand acres OF the most
tivate It, Various schemes were proposed TO sup ply
the colony with aborers, but none were carried out
except thai Of following on small scale the lead Of
the NAUTILUS and the importation in 1888 OF 396
coolies from Calcutta, under contract for Ave years.
service at the rate OF two and half dollars per
endancs and essn sSns o@ d az
care having been omitted III the selection OF these
upon their arrival to prevent the diseases which are
engenuered by increase OF food and change OF ell
daa, e, mere was at frst much sickness ana few
putting OF important ana stringent sanitary
reguations, which had very beneficial results aud
caused the coolies TO execute their work well and
| with great cheeriulness But notwiths andIng that
there were millions OF coolies starving In Hndosan
| and eager for employment and that beSides the
| abandoned estates In British Guiana there were In
that coony hundreds OF thousands Of OF virgin
soil open for cultivation the Anl.slavery Society
OF coolies, upon the old plea that such Introduction
must take away from the negroes the fair reward
Distress, therefore, increased TO such a frghtul
extent In the West India colonies that ultimately, in
lo4z, parliamentary committee was appointed to
inquire into the cause, &c., and this committee
ported that the want or labor was the sole Cause OF
the Distress ana that Il was advisable to obvate the
same by promoting 'the immigration OF tree labor
ing population TO such an extent as to create compe-
that such Immigration should be conducted under
the authority inspection and control OF responsible
partles' clause was also proposed, but not
adopted In the report, pointing out that the test
mony before this committee led to the conclusion
tnat 1.-THE constitutional form, as wen rs the habits.
of the natives OF some Of the districts OF Eastern
Asia qualified Them In peculiar degree, In the en-
loyment OF bodily health and moral comfort as la
borers IN the West lnuian ciinaie.n
The term OF service OF the first Importation OF
coolies expired In lS43 when ont OF fhe 800 who had
landed 236 were sent home, some OF them promising
I'M.
dieu TINS great loss being attributable to the want OF
care IN the selection OF the coolies, many OF them
Deng the scourings OF the population OF several large
cities IN India, and says the GOVERNOR ut is only TO
| be wondered at that they readily became indus
those who returned took with them savings varying
from 500 to $3.50. and the immigration had unnis
taKaniy proved beneficial both to the employer and
| Though the report or the Parliamentary commit.
ments Of the friends and se:depnted protectors OF
Sambo and Cufee still the West India colonsts were
Tor time unable to supply themselves WIN coolies,
IN consequence OF the emigration thereof being just
then lnterdlcted by the Indian government OWN,
| as we have already stated, to certain mapractices
wnicii mad ATTENDED the purveyance oi laborers 10
the Mauritus: and, though emigration was reopened
to the Maurltius at the beginning OF ls43 1t not
until the middle OF the year 1874 that the Indian gov
eminent would ex cud to the West Indies the priv-
iege OF obtiillnR cooue laborers, and OF partcipa
emigration. From the last named date to the pres
ent time, except between 1S4S and 1851 cooe emf
grafton has been regularly carried on betw India
colony under proper oicia SUPERVISION and not as
IN the first instance. by independent planters; and
the result has FULLY cqualled the most sangulne ex
! pectatlOns.
| INTRODUCTION OF COOLIES INTO TRINIDAD
The government OF Trinidad also now took steps
10 enable that island to obtain supply Of coolie
labo efs, and joined heartily with sister colony
| OF Guiana IN tue Introduction OF the new class OF
laDOIers. ana oil class, too that has been the
means OF raising the colonies TO degree OF produc
tiveness that surpasses that of the palmy days oil
slavery.
| CurNrsr ryurcp ATOM ro pp,r,v,f c,,,.x. .,,n
TRINIDAD.
| In addition to It's Hndoo immigration British
Guiana III 1862 introduced a couple or cargoes of
Chinese, but the cost OF their introduction was found
To be greater than that OF the Hindoo. There
lore lore WIN view 10 diminishing the expense OF
lection to II. the colonies OF British Guiana and
Trinidad agreed In 1868 TO es ablish an agent In
China and to receive certain number OF Chinese
laborers each per annum for the next three years
The minimum number agleed upon was 1900, of
which fveeighths or 1850, were for the former and
thrceeighhs $780, for the latter colony buJ in the
| first year OF importation under this arrangement
this number was exceeded, the arrivals In 1854
| It was calculated that the Chinese might be
landed In the West Indies at cost OF from twenty
to twenty-five pounds sterling ($l00 to $l25) per
adult, which sum, considering that they do not stip-
uate Tor return passage, would not exceed the ex-
| The Chinese who have been received have gener-
| ally given satisfaction with the exception OF two
cargoes from Annoy received IN Trinidad in the sea-
son lS65-66 and In the selec lon OF which proper
care had not been exercised. or the Chinese that had
/
| Immigrant agent reported that they have
not only been subordinate and have worked well Tor
wages, but that they have surrounded themselves
| with gardens ana have acquired pigs and poultry;
and that the women are nearly all industrious and
quiet; sun there were exceptions some being Idle
| more dnicult to manage than the Indians. and re-
quire temper and discretion on the part Of the
seers. They have no respect for courts where COR
poral punishment s not inflicted, and are much
given to petty theft" And he is Of opinion that IA
severe discipline, including corporal punishment,
would have good effect on their first arrival. I'm.
prisonment with hard labor, they regard without
apprehension"
During the season Of 1867 there was no emiqra.
ton from China to these colonies. In the month OF
March, 1865, the English and French Ministers at
Pekln entered INTO convention with the Chinese
government the effect OF Which would have been to
| 50 greatly increase the expense OF the emigration
tat II could no longer be carried on with advantage
to the colonies Under this convention II was pro-
vided that every Chinese emigrant should at the
end OF I'VE years. be entitled to be transferred back
| he should remain there the sum which would her
wise have been paid for his passage should be
handed over to him; that II he should enter into
second engagement for five years he should receive
gratuty equal to half the cost of his return pas
sage his right to such return passage at the end OF
the first engagement remaining be!ore and that
| mvalds, or men incapable OF work, should be en-
necessary to cover the expense Of their return to
Chlna Taere were other stipulati0ns Of question
able rebuff the above were those most open to OBJ
lection TINS put stop to Chinese emigration to the
West india cO.Ones; for the expense Of conveying
aChnaman thither could not be put at less Than a25
| would entail an additional expense or at least fl5
$50, which together would make the cost OF the
Chinese about double that OF the indian emIgranr.
Besides, there were at the time In British Guiana
| about IL, 900 and in Trinidad sbout 1900 Chinese
who had been introduced without any stipulation as
to back passage, and who were working contentedly
and satisfactorily; but If Others OF their country
men, no better than themselves, introduced on
terms SO much more favorable 1t was not difficult to
| conjecture that 1t would produce great dlscon-
| tent and irritation among the Old irnnli.
| grants. Beyond this the Chinese. having
| special aptitude FOR combination, which make
| them peculiarly formidable when they consider
themselves unjustly treated. it was considered un-
wise even II the estimate OF expense had not been
| considered insuperable) so long any OF the old
Immigrants remained under indenture In the colon
les, TO introduce fresh I'm accordance WI h the
! terms required by the convention.
LAWS REGULATING CoOLIE EMIGRATION AND LABOR
From the commencement of cooe emigration the
government OF India has always jealousy watched
the expectation OF the natives 10 other countries
and has from time TO time passed stringent laws re-
gu'aing the same while the various British colonies
that have imported the coolies have found 1t neces-
sary to legisae for the due protection and welfare
| of the immigrants during their temporary perma-