The New York herald., 1870-06-13
ITALY AND ROME.

ttAGI AMI hOME.
-~-~~--~-~~--~-~~~~~>
ssGraud" Republican Campaign-(salIinni
and the Army Of the sUniversal Republic''-
The Bands-GaaribaIdrs Sons-scsnes ut the
Theatre Of War-Rome and Her Priests
Conversation with Italian Well Posted
Archbishop Manning ON the Council.
ROME, May 20, 1870.
The lnsurrectionary campaign just undertaken in
behalf OF 'the universal republic" in different parts
OF the Italian Kingdom mas excited considerable in
terest, both In and 0ut Of that Kingdom, especially
here at Rome.
With the object OF securing o nearer inside view
into the doings OF the s'universallsts" than that
vouchsafed to me In short sentence by Prime
Minister LAMA, proceeded o few days ago from
the capital 70 Leghorn, where embarked (by rail-
Tor the immediate seat OF war; or the collective
poinp' OF the republican warriors, which at that
time lay In the line OF villages forming the frontier
between Pho Nono's and Victor Emanuel's domin-
Ions. The republican corps d'a,nee operating In
that section. commonly known as the "Maremma
Toscana" or that part Of the Tuscan country bathed
by the Mediterranean, very marshy ana unhealthy,
consisted OF forty-one men, under Slgnor Gallant,
and first started out from the village Of Vol
terra, In the nelghborhood OF Leghorn, to
conquer Rome. HO for Roma ~ With o
pomp0us proclamation, addressed to the "onicers,
non-commissi0ned officers and privates'' comprised
in the aforesaid fortyone troops of the line OF the
Universal Republic" Slgnor Gallant hoisted his
nag, "God and Peope-Universal Rcpubic,n uni
formed his men as far as possible with the Carl
baldian red Shirt bid adieu to the quiet village few
days before the sth the peotscitarv day France
and launched forth on what he called the glorious
road Of all true Italians-the road to Rome and Q
free Italy. His proclamation stated to his followers
that they would be reinforced before crossing the
frontier by numerous other corps, all having the
same obective-to drive out the priests from Rome
and to constitute Italy universal republic ITO
think that the Italians will sit by idle while pour
out our blood for these sacred aims would In itself
be crime" Such was the ending flourish Of Signor
Galani's card. But word IN regard to the ante
cedents OF the commander-in.chief Gallant belongs
to the culinary profession; he has been cook the
greater part OF his life and having principally
cooked for republicans. 1t is said that he early
imbued with republican ideas while getting up re-
publican stews and sauces Upon such meat, then,
was fed this ardent republican before his recent
attempt to set Pho Mono and Emanuel at defiance.
He kept restaurant, which was chiefly attended by
observation-disclosures and those OF that scarlet hue. He
himself served in Garibadi's campaigns ana rose to
the rank OF red-snlrted major. After the Old hero
left the scenes for Caprera the major went back to
his Kitchen and even while serving culinary bat.
teries found ample moments to spout politics with
the visitors and customers to his eating hail. lie
was noted for his republlcanism and always COM
planned in LOUD voice Of the donss at Florence,
and openly abused the King; but no one ever
dreamed that he would one day become if not
dangerous, a'famous parsonage
Once under way, however, from his starting point
at Volterra, with his forces armed with shot guns,
sticks and knives, he moved forward in his cam
hut lV nd fOrtu Coo
ing that, the royal troops as a matter Of course,
soon fell upon his tracks. His march was over hill,
dale, this village ana that, until he was halted and
captured; consequently 1t was impossible TO keep well
up in his line OF march or at his headquarters. do
not claim to know the iusteous warrior. or to have
been at any time at bis headquarters previous to his
surrender to eight royal carabineer, but merely TO
have seen and conversed with some of his followers
as with others belonging to the same army Of s'the
Universal RepublIc.n followed over the ground
in the grand republican wake-along the Roman
frontier that Is to sayfor to the other sections
OF the Peninsula where the remaining corps OF "la
Repubttca" Operated-in Calabria, Upper Romagna
and the Parmese-the same processes were there
carried on and with the same final result-suppres-
sion ard ca pture.
Perhaps il would be better to give the italian name
by which these corps de arlnee are designated
"oande" Galani's corps was called "oanda -
band is a term OF well known slgnncation, as you
may guess, in a country which has produced so
many banditti. Whether the bands be OF brigands
and outlaws or OF political agtaors the term signi.
fes here, in the eyes OF all honest, quiet-moyinQ
people, monstrous abuse, bequeathed from past
ages and one which should be speedily made
obsolete. These late political bands have
sprung up all over the country like musil.
rooms; but they have done little or no
harm, and. after causing momentary
conversation and excitement, they Will disappear as
rapidly, without leaving any very durable traces be-
hind them. The first insurrectonary movement
took place in the quiet little town Of Philadelphia IN
Calabria, and at Catanzaro, where there were sta.
TONED laborers engaged building railway under
the contractorship OF Menotti, Garibads son, who,
however, refrained from taking hand in the row.
The whole campaign has been the work OF MazZlnt
not OF Garibald Or OF his sons Menottl and Riccard
TO those sons the Kings government has been very
liberal and they have no personal cause OF quarrel
with Florence. IL would be stupid on their part to
Kick against Victor Emanuel's crown. Menott has
fat contractorshp, and the other one has been ac-
corded slice Of the public good things and lives con-
tented with his young wife at his fathers house in the
Island OF Caprera. After the Caabrian outbreak the
movement was taken up northward, troubles Oc-
Cured at Pava among the troops and citizens some
OF the subolcers and soldiers OF the regiment then
declared for universal republic,n and they have
been punished by a court martial In conseGuence
Bands next went forth out Of Reggie IN the province
OF Emelia; they were fairly armed and as nume-
rous as those Of CalaOria. They summed up to the
respectable figure OF 200 men, and although bearing
new guns or precision took to the neighborinp
heights OF the Appenlnes as precauton against The
royal forces and as convenient foothold where
tney might be Joined by all patriots opposed to stne
actual order OF things" Then next en- suite fresh
band exhibited itself In the neghborhood OF Sarzana
near Spcza, and others at other points, Finally tue
republican revolution thunders forth at the
very gates Of Florence; the most famous Of ali bands
appears viz, that OF Galliani-ior It marches with
trumpet announcement tOwards the Roman frontier
Where 1t may have to contend with giant forces or
the Pope's Zouaves and the French army IN 'front.'
ing the future OF Italy, its diplomatic relations with
the terrible 1nlpeTut0r6 Napoeone-now stronger
than ever-all by rash movement That was bold
ness enough surely. on the part OF one Galani-sui-
cent. Indeed, to confer an unwOned ana. as things
turned out, an undue prestige on the special banda
operating under the immediate orders of the Field
Marshal Fastaff. To tell the truth his Campaign
was not as ugly an affair to encounter the prone.