The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-10-25
CITY GNTE LLIGE ENC B.
SOCIAL SCIENCE.


H. III. Derby. and Thomas Hare-Discussion
of Mining, Legislation, Canadian Annexa-
tiou, and Minority Representation.
The American Social Science Association met for
it's ninth annual session at II O'Clock this morning.
in the hall OF the University of Pennsylvania.
The President, Mr. Samuel Eliot, of Boston, called
the meeting to order and stated that he was sorry
that IL was necessary to substitute few remarks
from himself in place Of the opening address of
Judge Strong which, however, would be delivered
TO the fact that the association is not Boston inst
tuition, but belongs to the whole country
It is specially desired TO promote friendly relations
with Philadelphia and its local branch. He gave
notice that the meetings would be open to ALL nom
If ladies is also desired The subjects embraeed in
the essays to be delivered include all branches and
men holding directly opposite opinions
MI. Lorin Bodgett Of Philadelphia, was then In
tToduced, who delivered the opening address,
The Opening Address, by I.orIu BIOdRet,I Esq,
of Philadelphia.
Mr. Blodgett, in opening, stated that he had an
than the public might desire to mark the opening of
the series Of essays. 1t had simply been intended
for another place.
Its leading idea was to treat all the producing
powers of society as agents for the accumulation OF
wealth; that this wealth would exist as well in
mental pursuits az in material projects; and that
wealth was easy and, indeed, inevitable, # there
were not constant loss and waste. Organized social
efort would best be directed to simply closing these
avenues to loss and waste.
reaches by a clear analogy from simple productive
labor engaged in making wheat corn, and cloth into
all other departments OF LABOR, 10 all tne powers
of society. Abstention in politics is equivalent to
ideness in labor Mere idle leisure is the same. All
OF these esn IN ne waste 81 %a n SUGe mas @
preserved and accumulated under the name of
worth. The neglect to do what we are fitted to do
violation of labor as well as cause OF poverty
On the one hand we can as easily accumulate
wealth as on the other fall off into loss and waste
This abstract and apparently remote view Will be
found to touch every practical question now engag
ing the attention OF society.
SHlinins LegislatiOn,o by Eclley Il. Coke,
ESQ, OF Df1ftOn, Pa.
The first paper of the session was then read by
EeGley B Coke, Esq; OF Drfton, Pa, his subject
The paper began by stating that the necessity of
proper legislation upon the subject of mining has
been made evident to the public in this country by
number of terrible accidents which have occurred
years, and brief account of few of them was
given The speaker then went on to observe that
law existed and others in countries possessing very
perfect ones. AS the State is the owner Of all ores
iegislate upon the subject Of mining in
very different manner from England
mining codes were discussed under three heads,
WILLIAMS relating to the right to mine laws re-
mines a source of national wealth, to be used but
not to be abused. Those coming under the second
we're e osNS m most e Te hest
IN this country was then considered The leading
@ Ideas sc expressed ma may be summed up as follows
system OF legislation for the protection of those
poyed in mines factories % and and for
In framing such law the advice Of both legal and
scientific experts should be taken, and all parties
whose lives or property are to be affected by it
should be consulted, at least be afforded an OPP
portunity of being heard, before the act is finally
passed. No matter how perfect the law may be
when the law goes into force, it will need constant
modification as improvements are made in the diff
ferent industries. corps of we-educated experts
carrying out of the provisions OF the act.
Proper schools should be provioed for their in
structon, and they should be promoted for merit
VVa tn m rtan %
OF providing schools for the education of master
miners, or mine bosses, as they are called in this
country, Instruction should be given in such way
not to prevent the scholar from earning his living
by working at the same time at his trade.
It was also suggested that an elementary course
on mining with particular reference to the precau-
tions necessary TO avoid danger and disease while
the common school instruction in the mining dis
tricts. Finally, the paper advised the adoption Of
tent wOrkmen either in the mines or about the ma
chinery as this is source of danger to all engaged
in the work.
sCnuadIan Annexation,v by e. H. Derby, ESQ
of Boston.
by E. H. Derby, Esq., Of Boston, who discussed the
following question: :-"Would the admission of the
yinces and the States extend their markets, and
lower the cost OF living and production? ?" The fol-
lowing is a full abstract of Mr.. Derby's paper:
1t was shown by the report on revenue for 1868
that "a per cent of the expenditures of opera
lives were for food Clothes shelter, fuel and light
To reduce these is to reduce the cost of living and
TO increase the fruits Of industry The British pro-
pnces, devoted chiefly to agriculture forests, tshe-
res, and mines, yield what we require. On one side
of the line between us, five thousand miles in
length, there are forests OF pine and spruce
on on the the other, a region . nearly denuded Of
Canada and her sister provinces yield
the potato in abundance, and furnish in
exhaustible supplies OF timber, oats, barley, and
FISH, the States yield the maize and pork fattened by
the maize and the sugar. cotton rice, tobacco live
oak, and yellow pine which nature denies to Canada.
The Cotswold sheep thrives on one side of the line
the more delicate SaXony succeeds on the other
While Halifax and st. John warm their best houses
with the pure anthracite Of Pennsylvania they sup
ply her and all the Atlantic States with gypsum
mll-stones, and can supply them with oats aud
potatoes. Each produces what the other reauiIes
but the foreign commerce Of each languishes, and
Inc tonnage or each in that commerce declines
while the free inland trade of the Union between
fortysx States and Territories grows from year to
year.
To save her colonies and reconcile them to her
recent system, England applied pressure to our
fisheries, and obtained the treaty Of reciprocity. II
was IN force from 1854 TO 1866, and there was free
trade between us in the produce OF the land sea
mines and forests. While 1t lasted the arrival and
departure OF vessels in this trade rose TO 1900, ,OOC
tons. The tonnage OF the provinces doubled. The
trade with England stationary, but the exports
10 the States tped and the shipments to the States
fel and in two years the shipments to this country
of all er products but lumber fell seventy per cent
Provincial land and tonnage declined and New
England lost large proportion OF her food and raw
material, and last year the emigration from CanadS
TO the States rose to 10000. The golden age has
ended.
The customs duties now bear heavily on Canadian
exports, and enter Into the cost of food, shelter
Taiment, fuel, and light, They add at least afteer
per cent. to the cost of living and production anC
check our progress in the arts. 1t is for the inte
rests Of England, as well Canada, that all ones
tons with us should be adjusted, that we Should
realize the full value from ouI bonds, aud bt
enabled TO reduce our customs by lowering interest
and TO reform our currency and enlarge our mar
kets, for the more we sell the more can purchase
Is not too, the policy OF England to give all thu
scope she can upon this continent thus diminish