davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
SAD SCENES AT SOISSONS.
The Destruction of the City-Huudrcds of
Houses Burned la single Hour.


Amidst shower of bullets the houses
occupied by the PrusslanS were set on fire, and we
were obliged, in order to disOdge the enemy, to
break open the doors with the butt ends of muskets
Soon aft wards the fire rapidly spread along
!. space OF 800 metres. A mistake had been made in
setting fire rst to the houses which were close to
/, the ramparts The task became and more
perous as approached nearer to the enemy,
and we were obliged TO adopt their tactics namely,
to conceal ourselves behind piles OF stones,
4 bushes, embrasures of doors, advancing
lonly with the greatest caution. AT
6 O'Clock the work OF destruction was still progress
ing. The Faubourg OF Rheims surrounded by an
kenormous column OF smoke, could not be seen from
stroyed more than 200 houses, a splendid sugar
refinery foundry MILL the houses of the Sisters
OF Mercy, and many fashionable villas, which few
moments previously were filled with joy, hope, work.
industry, charity, and wealth. The next day Sept
2e) the flames were still licking the debris OF the dis
)asers, when suddenly poor young womaA, clasping
inther arms child few months old, and with lit
tie boy 10 years Of age at her sde rushed out of her
house, which was but a mass OF fire. Struck with
fright she made desperate rush through the streets,
without taking any notice of the bullets. Some Mo-
bile Guards shouted to her to lie down. she did not
heed them and still continued her course; all at
once she was seen to fall on her children A shot
had killed her on the spot; and a trumpeter OF Mo-
fered the fate On another side the guns from
the ramparts destroyed, at the same time, manu-
factory OF carpets, and another some houses near
the railway station. On the road TO Laon the de.
struction of the hamlet of Saint Medard has been
cOmmenced the old abbey occupied by the deaf aud
/ dumb children, and where a garrison might be
placed, viii only be spared.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
THE CONDITION OF PARIS
The Preparations for Famine.
Sad Scenes at scissors.
Interview with CaFibaIdi
Secretary COx's Reform Policy.
Cause of His Resignation,
Witchcraft in the West.
will of Admiral Dahlgren.
4 Etc, ETC.. ETC., ETC.. Etc.
Witchcraft in the West.
will of Admiral Dahlgren.
Z A II L s.
Preparations for FamIne-PrecautlOns of the
Besieged.

Preparations for Famne-PrecautIOns of the
Besieged.
1t is curious to remark, writes Paris correspond
ent per balloon post, how generally even the poorest
provisions wherewith they may hold hunger at bay
"Lone women" who, II they had been English,
would never have owned billet de bdnque for one
hundred francs in their lives, have little treasure
in their cupbOards, and will be able to hold out
stouty to the last unless there shall arrive day of
wrath, with which we are threatened by many
crOakerS and smstS day when starving gdflills,
swarm into every inhabited building and ransack it
from cellar to roof in the hope of finding food.
But there Is also no inconsidera0le alarm lest in
addition to the absence of food, we may soon ind
ourselves without the means of cooking it. Most of
the French cooks employ wood charcoal their fuel
for culinary purposes The siege had hardly begun
before outcry was raised in the poorer quarters
OF the town against the nGrchGldS de bOs et de- char
bon for reising the price of their charcoal to
travagant and impossible figure. Most of these char
bonniers natives OF Auvergne-a province gene
rally regarded as furnishing Paris with sons and
daughters who have a wonderfully keen eye to the
main chance Impeled by the general Indignation
expressed in the newspapers and by the voice OF the
Streets against these greedy and predatory dealers 10
charcoal, the municipal authorities Of Paris seized
in some instances the whole store OF that precious
commodity, owned by men who were pointed out by
the cry of the mob as having specially raised their
prices at moment when patriotism required that
they should sacrifice themselves for the public good.
The chaTbOnnierS, who are very suen, mulish
race, resented this high procedure of the
Partisan municipality, and in many cases shut up
shop altogether What with the high price OF char
coal when it is to be bought at ALL and with the clos
ing OF many shops which once used TO retail it,
not at all sure that, before the end OF Cctober
there will not be great dearth Of charcoal for
the cooking OF our mea' as there will be a dearth OF
flesh itself TO lay upor the glowing and smOkeless
Goals of fire which a ESQ admirably adapted for the
b diSnlaY of culinary SKILL
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
FINANCE AND COMMERCE..


Wednesday, Nov. q 1870. !
The money market presents rather more ami
nation than usual, owing to the increased ac-
tivity in the stock market, but the regular de-
mands of the local trade are quite light. and
met without effort both at the banks and on the
street at current rates, and on the usual condi-
tions as to colaterals and security. There is a
fair supply of currency at the banks, and they
continue to act literally with their depositors
but the general tone offenders is firm. We quote
at $685. per cent. on call, and at 7(09 per
cent. on good mercantile paper
The gold market is quiet and steady, with
sales ranging from 11161111s, closing about
noon at the opening figure.
Government bonds are also quiet and prices
steady at about last nights closing figures.
The stock market was active and stronger.
Sales of City 6s, new bonds, at 1924.
In Railroad shares there were sales of Read
ing at 80 3-16 b. o. @501s, 5. o.; Pennsylvania at
5S@5S14, ex. div; and Lehigh Valley at So.
There was a continued demand for OIL Creek
and Allegheny, which sold steady at As.
Canal shares were quiet, but no sales were
made. 3216 was bid for Lehigh.
Among the miscellaneous shares there was an
unusual demand for Commonwealth Bank, with
large sales at %.
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE SALES
Reported by De Haven Bro. No. 40 S. Third street.
FIRST BOARD
5000 City g. N. c 1924 AIS sh o G Il A R.s. As
$4,000 " Jersey, R 70 951 100 sh Read r .slO. bOJ&
$500 Len LSl1uS Con L 7sT 100 do $50 5S
$4,000 d Am 6s SO 92H s5 sh Penna is. c&p 6s
9as sO 1sS So;i'.." y r. Ss Ss l'O do'''.c&p. 0SH
JAY COOKE & Go. quote Government securities aa
follows:U s. 6s OF 1881, 1l3h@1l32{; 5-2Os OF 1882
109@1O9A; do. 1854, 1O716@10s1s; do. Nov. 1865,
los!6@10sa; do. do, July 1lOa@11O95 do do, 1861.
1917 Paciics. lIO7S@1111S. Gold, i111S.
MKssRs. WILLIAM PAINTER Co.. No. SO s. Third
street, report the following quotatiens:U s. 60 of
1881, 113Ha114 5-2Os OF 1862 lO9@1O9A; do 1864,
lO7z5@lOS; do. 1885, 1Os1S@10s1; do, July, 1896,
11016@1l03S; do, July, 1861, 1l0Ra11OS$; do. July,
1868, 11OE@11O%; bs, tO4O 1o6zSa1O7; U. S. Pacific
RR. Cy. 6s, 1l0}4@1l114. Gold, 111@1114.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
ADMIRAL DAHLGREN's WILL.
The Bronze statue Of His Son Uric.

The Will of the late Admiral John A. Dahlgren,
dated December /, 1866, was dled and admitted TO
probate in the Orphans Court OF the District OF Co
lumbia, and letters of administration, with will
neXed, were issued TO his widow, who gave bond in
$50 OO0 This will commences as foloHs:-"Being
about TO leave the United States public duty IN
foreign seas, and being i'll sound health OF mind and
seems TO me fitting that should declare my wishes
in regard to the little property which possess" He
bronze statue be erected over the grave of my dearly
beloved son, Uric Dahlgren, and TO his historical
viDdicatiOn from the base aspersions OF those who
cOuntenanced the savage barbarity with which his
remains were treated. And do charge upon all
my descendants tnat they shall spare no means or
efforts to carry out this purpose, which still hope
God may grant me life TO do myself"
He bequeathed the whole OF his property TO his
daughter Eva Since deceased), including his claim
ON the Government for the use OF the Dahlgren gun
and pension-his sons being able to make their
living; and states that the will was made with the
appreciation OF his wife.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
GARIBALDI,
An Interview with the Great ItaIian-A Hero
n RRh.


A London correspondent, who has had an inter-
view with Garibaldi at Tours writes as follOws:-
"Punctually at the appointed time we went TO the
Prefecture. i had taken the bearings OF the place
in the daytime, and knew that to get 10 the wing OF
the building in which the Italian hero lodges it was
necessary to pass through the central courtyard,
along a covered passage leading to the
beautiful garden much resembling that OF
70 go in at one OF the several little doors aud up
narrow wooden staircase To the three small and
accept from the hospitality OF the seat OF govern
ment Tue great gate OF the Prefecture closed
when we arrived but the moolots on guard let us
pass through a side entrance without challenge.
There was no porter, policemen, or servant OF
whom 10 ask question, but we penetrated TO the
mot eaAy to recognize in the dark the particular
fittle doorway through which l had passed in the
fmorning. There vas not a glimmer of light any
where except what came from the upper rooms In
which d. Gambetta was at work. We opened
several wrong doors In succession, and IA one pas
OF the festivities OF the late Imperial Prefect M .
Paulze d'Iyoy. At length we found the right little
Much as / had heard of GaribadIs simplicity, felt
surprised that none OF his attendants should have
thought OF placing so much as single candle on his
staircase when he was expecting company. Arrived
on the landing OF an entTesol, Knocked several
times at the door OF little room In which In the
morning had seen several officers and others wait
ing TO be received. Getting no answer, / tried
another door, scarcely visible in the extreme dark
ness Presently ray OF light came through the
keyhole, and the door opened by young Italian
An his shirt and trousers with one foot In stocking
ano the other one BARE who seemed greatly aston
ished to see strangers.
"The Generals valet de chambre. for such he
proved 10 be, was evidently undressing TO lie down
Tor the night on mattress in a small ante-c cham
All hope OF seeing the lon' that evening vanished
from my mind. However, ! said, General Carl
baldi? The General has just gone 20 bed,' was the
answer. 'Oh! then am extremely sorry TO have
disturbed him, tut he gave Us an appointment Ior
O'Clock and it Is now strking Inae nou Upon sn.s
in lei than half minute he returned, saying tnaI
the General had meant o'clock In the moming
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
New York Money and Stock SIarket.

NEW YORK, Nov. 2.-Stocks steady Money
4G5 per cent Gold, 11l16. 5-2Os, 1862, coupon,
109; do. 1894 do, 1879; do. 1865, do. iOSK; do.
1866 new l1O1s do. 1861, l1O do. 1865 llO9S 104Os
1863 Virginia 6s new, So Missouri 6s 9l6; Canton
s.; Cumberland preferred, 80; N. Y. Central and
Hudson River, slA; Erie, 29}s; Reading, lOO4 I;
Michigan Southern, s23s; Illinois Central, 1855;
Cleveland and Pittsburg, 1861; Chicago and Rock
Island, 1lO7s; Pittsourg and Fort Wayne, 933s
Western Union Telegraph, 395k.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02

A fact which may give some idea of the decline of
discipline among French soldiers since theyhave been
respiring the eommunistic air of Lyons is thus
lated by the Sdllt Ptblc:-"Y yesterday the General
OF Division Barral, who commanded the artillery at
Strasburg, was passing in uniform through the
streets Of Lyons. Several soldiers passed near him
without making the military salute. General Barral
at length threw the kept of OF these insoent fell
lows the ground, and the soldier at once begged
pardon for his want OF respect While these things
are happening In France, whenever one OF our oni-
cera, now prison ers in Germany goes into public
place all the German soldiers stand up and wait,
with their hands to their caps, till he makes sign
TO them to sit down."
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02

The ticket which brought to it's possessor for
tune in the form OF
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS IN GOLD,
was purchased in San Francisco together with
another ticket, and forwarded to Mr.. Hellman, the
actual mount invested by Mr.. Heman being ten
dollars The party who sent the ticket bought 1t, as
stated, for himself, but becoming dissatisfied with
his purchase changed it for another, aud thus un-
Willingly
THREW AWAY FORTUNE.
The surprise and qualification of Hellman may be
imagined on learning by telegraph this morning that
he had made the
BIGGEST HIT OF HIS LIFE
Mr.. Hellman is quite young man, about twenty
four years DID, and is the junior partner OF the firm,
representing 1t at New Orleans He is very wealthy
aside from the unexpected windfall forced by For
tune upon him.
THE NEWS
OF Mr.. Hellmans ''big hit spread, and was the
general topic OF conversation upon the street.
Friends poured in upon him, rendering their con-
gratulations-his private office having, for the time,
the appearance Of reception room.
SAN FRANCISCO
will be astonished at learning that it is a New Yorker
who has drawn the prize 1t was believed in that
city that resident there had secured the lucky
ticket, but owing to the change above noted the
honor has been transferred to the metropolis.
Mr.. Hellman telegraphed his friend in San Fran
cisco in a single word his fortune, using for the
despatch the single word-the motto OF the Golden
State, "Etreka IN y. Commercial -idrertiSeT last
ereufng,
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
PrayerfnI Bretons.

The Petit Journal OF September 2s relates the fol-
lowing anecdote:-"A battalion or Breton Noodles
were waiting for the fight to begin. These young
men had never been under nre. All at once the
Plussian balls began to whistle. Then the trum-
peter, with his hat in his hand, turned TO wards the
chaplain and said, Monsieur lie Recteur think il is
time for prayer. All fell upon their knees; the
pronounced the following words Lord, the fate Of
armies is in Thy hands; at this supreme hour we
commend our souls to Thee. Amen The soldiers
then and marched TO battle. The BTt tons alone
have priests with them.n
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02

Charles Nash, of Columbia Springs, in New
York, recently walked a distance of three miles
with young lady, for a wager, but was not
gallant enough to allow her to win the race.
If London averages 200 births and 1900
deaths per week, as statistics show, 1t is time
Macaulay's New Zealander should begin to look
after steamship ticket.
The Boston Times remarks;-"We perpe.
trate the annual joke" But II proves to be q
weakly one.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
FROM THE WEST.
Railway Iniunc.Ion Refused.

NASHVILLE, Nov. l.-ChanceIIor East to-day
refused to grant an injunction against the sale
of the State interest in the Edgefeld and Ken
lucky, and Memphis, Clarksvile and Louisville
Railroads. The sale of these and other railroads
will take place as advertised.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02

General Schenck has consoled himself by
speculating at Duluth to the amount of $4,000
in land.
The French republic can now afford to laugh
at her German jailers. Little Greece has recog-
niZed her.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
LATEST SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
For additional Hartne NeOs see Inside Pages.
LBu TeLedraph.l
PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. ..... NOVEMBER

NEW YORK, Nov. 2. = Arrived, steamship Scandf-
navian, from Liverpool.
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
LUCKY MIR. HELLMAN.

The San Francisco Mercantile Library Draw
ing-A New Yorker Wins the 100000
Prize.
day is Mr.. A Hellman of the firm of Seligman &
Hellman brokers, of No. 21 Broad street, and very
good cause he has, too for his happiness He is the
lucky winner of the grand prize in the San Fran
cisco Mercantile Library Association Lottery. The
warrant for Mr.. Hellman's good luck is a square
piece of paper, which contains the following:
: No. 154, 047
MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF SAN
FRANCISCO.
E: This coupon and ticket entitle the holder
: to admission to the Free Concert, and to any
gift that may be awarded to it,
X. B. SwAYEE, President
THOMAS r. HAYES Secretary.
WIN. ROBESTON, Treasurer
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02

STATE OF THERMoMSTBR AT THE EVENING ELKGRAPI
OFFICE.
IA. M.........51 IL A. M.....,64 2P. MIS-
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02

Steamer Salvor. Herring, Richmond and Norfolk,
W. 7. Clyde & Co.
Str Bristol, Wallace, New York, w. P. Clyde Il Co.
steamer Mars, Grumey, New York, w. M. Baird
* Co.
Steamer Monitor, Jones, New York, VIM Baird & Co.
Brig j. Bickmore, Henley, Portland, Day, Huddell
The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-02
THE CONDITION OF PARIS

Cause of His Resignation,
, 1870-08-07

t,,. ,,,a old vetspps Of the psalms weru CON
.s;naJ Iis Christianity, in this respect, WAS
,,a.,sr than his c1z1t, aud it is not surprising
t5hst ha last money By his bencvolent course,
.i,honch Trinity Church made tho Ioss jshtar
- ~. hr generously condoning hia debt to
them The book looks At flint. to person
..t1atorncd to the type OF this day, as though
:. 80 isaded, But By looking At words whero
ionf ietters. ouch as + and or !, cone near
nsch nther On two lines, their ends arc 90 near
~ tonchinr that you discover that what gives
the ;Tnrrrssiuu Of the kGu,n9 is due to the
trne h.Tinv been cast with long shonlasr.
The comrositiou in the main Is fair, though
ihc diyisiou Of the words ID somewhat re.u-
Tar-d,Ne1eut, at least, from What We n Ia,
In this day. when we ehould space out ~ ;
drive the ayllAbles Into = new nhe. in's
rrcss-wo1k is very crentao'e lns hos :,
even, in Eome parts, f1st'rA!e, tno9sn the!s
sro occasional hight plsees., me esssaaar, 70
recnI;srit1sa universal in al 'Eula and Il h;uss
work Of th.t day. It is made up with short
rala. naEiur. Of course, such work as nos
xould to supposcd to be made mp with oddf
and ends of rule. In some places the snlet
lie low and are scarcely to be Seen. IN talS
part Of The volume, also, the type seems worn
and the balls were apparently bard. ~, me lhk
.t least. is iupperfcctlT distributed. Tbs mai'
nart Of the Look Is much better. Ato8etner
Considering the early day when the VOTE W !.
done. It wss a great oue;, and comparing
with publications, 1ouG subsequent, out stu
cs,ly. tha Prayer hook Of ITO must ne set;
] creiitable to tho typoEraphers azs IN tho CO!
ouies, aua, with great regard, most 1espee'
f1.iIy. yours, Jous N1IiAx WALLACE
.HoRA11o GATES JONES, Esq"
, 1870-08-07

often was found; she knew That he ra En-
life md soul of the Brilliant circles IN Which
be moved; and, though sha declined noat m
yitations herselt. for reasons OF PRIDE OF eeoa
forth to enjoy himsen. Let rs take tHo
glimpses Of Moore from his journal ana ies,
iers one exhibits him a. the husband ano
father. tho other u 8 dcuizcn Of ths osdu
Monde. Walked my dear BessS for ne % nfst
time into the garden; the day is dsiiSh n ~.
he % garden by VIE he.st. Finished tho
''Sicar Of Waie3cld to Bessy; We both cried
over II. Returned thanks to God most heartily
lor Ias feeovery ct ny 1arll4g g apb y, s1eps
den for half IN hour. In the evening, read
he1 some Of most silly novel, called the "lhy,
i'Shee i SihoroagSiy. { "'@ os You eould 6s7e
laughed to see Dcssy and ne in going to din"
ncE. We found. in the middls OF our WAX,
that VIC were near half an hour to early ior
dinner; 80 we set 10 prdc:ici'y country dances
In the middle Of retired green lane. tili tho
time was e4pired. - Barbara (the.r
infant child Is, at this moment, most bu:lly
engaged about psir Of new top boots, Eh1sh
London, and which she is handling and
viswing With great admiration. Our cot
tage Is upon ! kind Of elevated terrace.
which las no fence round 1t, and keeps us
in constant alarm about DAba falling over;
80 that | shall bo obliged to 60 to the e1psnse
Of peGng. Little Barbara and rolled about
In the ha! field before our door, till WAS much
more hot and tired than my little playfel!o",
The mau could not be a very bad husband
ard father, We think, who could wTito tue
abose. Now for IN extract showing him Y,
the other Light: ITO Mira. Storys; promised
to drive with hez to-day. Left them 1t TO
go to the opera Went to Lady Lanslovnea
box, md found there Lady pavy, MIS-: Orde:
ard the Due de Dalberg. Lord T. himself
afterward csme to Lady FsIquhaf's to make
my excuse for not calling this morning.
1t is very plain to soc that, II Moore ehone
in tociety, he also loved his home. aud wife,
and children. A more loving, devoted, OF
| suitable wife tha1 Dessy Moore 1t would be
| difficult to find She aud Marianne Hunt
arc fair specimens Of what / poet's
wife ought to be. The7 were botl
loving aud gentle Women-not too clever
but quite capable OF understanding tht
genius OF their husbands, and Of binding then
closer and closer to them by The very tender
uess AID sweetness of their natures. Mar.
Shelley stands out y goddess among women
inst as Shelley does god among men- Thcll
intellectual splendor was the charm that en-
dearc1 them to each other more than any
thing elee, va think; and tho reason VII
Harriet Shelley failed in inspiring like Anee
ton waH, tLAt not only was hhe deficient l
intellectual gifts, but also III those beautifr
qualities Of arother kind winch were po:
scssed by Marianne Hunt and DeEsy Moor.
However eoroy Shelley might have bee
tempted, we do not think he would have d.
serted his first wife il Hle had been gif:e
with half Of the love and devotion Of IL
aboye-named very excellent women and ide
poets' wives. Nr11iAI J. TATE
, 1870-08-07
A Honeymoon Discussion.
ESn44. prt<1

Dlcst HugRtns and Ills ncWl5.HeIded bride,
Were batEing on the eaula At c66 OF tide.
The head OF him was p1llowe,l on her knee
II ear. how Jolly hot 1t Is :" said he
"Yes," she replied, with med!satiEe atr,
"So hot down here what must 1t be up there
Her parnsol she pointed to the Bky,
Aud added, q suppose II brolIs on high
"As ignorant you are" he spoke IN play,
GAS pretty aud that's something, dear, to say" "
She punched his ear and lie pursued :. Behold
Those neecy clouds aiofs-sheyre denee1 need eo.d; s
They are considered 10 be drifts Of snow."
"Uh yes !" she ctied, ~ I dare say. That's your
fun. ...
Don't tilluk haycnt read about the suu-
A slote OF 15e 'tNou1A he, Of course. more hot
Tie nearer to the heat that one nal got"
.tRet1ect." be answered "what Is Mont Bsne's
height
Tto-r clouds are higher, and Mont nanc is white
"Yrs but Mont Blancs a 1n0uniain, und, sne
salt,
tllns, therefore, alwavs snow upon Its head,
S., don't tell me. because It Is No use"
"k:sls!luTs :" he gently whispered She. yo1
EuuSc n
, 1870-08-07

a correspondent OF the Baltimore sun
writsa from Louisa County, Va; '' In ray b1aet
sojou1n mp here hare seen no ie=s than
three Young white men with cleanlS sh7!ed
strip Of scalp from their forehesds 70 the
nspes Of Their necks, the Etup in each instance e
being about one inch and half in width. O9
inquiry learned that these youths belonged
to The guard employed hy the CONTRACTORS q On
the Chesapeake Ohio hsllro.a 10 % gah ,.t .hs .Ss
shaved scale vas @ the penalty Of falling asleep
ING this nunishuaent for the o1ense named. I
suppose SUI il Is inflicted and submitted to By p1i-
vats agreement between the goArd md ~, TIE
bc1ne .n7 h.d had The remainder Of their hair
elirred as short ~ possible