New-York tribune., 1870-11-22


terrific war between Russia and Turkey whch Followed
,pop the battle OF Nayarino, the destruction OF the
ottoman fleet Furnished the greatest advantages 10 the
Northern Power The squadrons OF RUSSIAN vessels
stationed Mediterranean and Black Seas served ~
supports for either flank Of the Russian armies that
ravaged Turkish territory both In Europe ana Asia Minor
and everywhere defeated the Mosem arms.
The Treaty OF Adrianope, Sept. IA, 1879, which
cluded this war; fixed in favor OF Russia many conditions
previously doubtful. and constitutes In many particulars
the most prominent landmark in the wilderness OF the
Eastern Question Here for the first tne the passage
OF Dardanees thrown open To Russian vessels,
and the Black Sea Of Russia was protected by
guarantee The Delta at the mouth Of the Danube was
annexed TO Russia the southern outlet OF that river
became the boundary line between Russia aud Turkey
There was indcnnincation for expenses agreed
upon item Of which became afterward matter or
dispute the question arising whether one of the sums
agreed upon at that time was t0oO.OO or s2O'Wooo
That such dispute could aferward arise, may give TO
the unintiaied notion OF what slips possible in the
gravest performances Of diplomacy. By curious ar
rangement, this indemnity made another INK IN the
chain OF Russian power in the Principates they were
mortgaged-in msnner-for the debit Russia was not 10
evacuate them until the payments were completed.
Meanwhile the Car, in temporary occupation OF those
provinces was, than the Protector OF Chris
tians in Turkey.
FROM 1929 TO 1853.
Extraordinary as were many OF the events which oc-
CURED in the histories OF Turkey and Russia between the
Treaty AranopIe in 1929 and the Crimean War III 1885,
they materially changed the positions In the East
ern Question which the former compact secured But
very important feature added shortly aterward 10
the concessions at Adranope In 1882 the throne OF the
Sultan lay almost at the feet OF victorious rebel
Mehemet Ali OF Egypt. The sublime Porte presented
the statement OF the immediate danger before the Cab
inets Of Great Britain and France but in both countries
the recollection of popular sympathy against the
Turks was more powerful with the Government than the
considerations OF foreign policy There was no other re-
source open to Sultan, and, turban In hand eapped
TO the Car for aid against rebelious subject The Gar
as may be supposed was "oDly too happy" and
Russian forces placed In positions by lana ana sea-
which covered Constantnope In this condition OF af
fairs, July g. 1888. the treaty OF Unkiar skeessi was
effected between Russia and Turkey. 1t was In the main
an offensive and defensive alliance; but 1t was then
agreed that foreign ships of war should be allowed to
pass the Dardanees. Thenceforward the alarm of En-
gland in respect TO Eastern matters was complete by
day she shuddered she rebeons in Egypt and III
Servia gaining headway; by night she dreamed that the
Northern Bear was hugging Constantinope though In
fact in 1885, Russia evacuated sisria. AT length. after
British naval expedition by its exploits at Acre and
Beyrout had checked the ambition OF Mehemet ALL Rus
sia, Turkey England. France, Austria, and Prussia
signed convention, March IS, 1si1 in which 1t was
agreed that Dardaueles should be closed to the ships
of war Of all naons and there actually those
who believed tDdt the uutctIou was '''to"
forever. The Emperor Nicholas. however, looked
upon the decomposition OF Turkey simply an affair OF
time, and proposed separately to both England ana
France administer upon the effects Of the SICK man
of Europe" "Give Inc Constantnople," he said to sir
Hamilton Seymour in private conversation, land you
NAV have Egypt and CANDIDA" Not these projects how
ever brought about the Crimean II should how
ever be mentioned to complete the story OF the Eastern
question that Russia claimed by an organic statute OF
Turkey passed in 1884, 1.-The right of protectoiate and
by the Convention of Balta Lman in si9, 1.-The rgt OF
armed intervention favor OF Christians under Otto
man power.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF TIE cRTMEAs WAR.
The fears OF England arising from the fact that Russia
was building navy and fortress within the Black sea-
constituted the motive Of the Crmean War. With the
French Emperor the chief object was to secure his throne
by military glory and English alliance The strange ana
apparently puere quarrel between the monks OF the
Greek and Latin Churches in Palestine respecDga keyto
the door OF Holy not irfe
want great conflict which 1t began The nations oil
the West could with difficulty comprehend how 50 light
cause could originate such evaporation between the
| Car and the sublime Porte, nor why ques-
| ton OF religious rites in the churches o'
| Jerusalem should break of diplomatic Intercourse
| between Russia and Turkey. But In fact, Nicholas re-
sented interference in favor OF the Latin monks as an III
truson his rights the Head OF the Greek Church ana
the Protector Of the Christian subjects OF the Porte
There is no suppose hypocrisy on the part OF
|
because political did not offer In the belief OF
| the peope Of both Russia and Turkey, it was re-
ligous cause that brought contendng armies to the
Crimea and Turk Muscoyte fought for their respect
i've faiths with religious ervOr There can be no better
modification OF the CTimcan War than the famous 1our
points" urged upon Russia by the penpotentaries OF
Austria France and Great Britain, in 1851 which may be
| summarized thus
First: That the Russian protectorae i'll the Principai
ties should cease their internal privileges be under
guarantee OF all the contracting Powers.
Second: That the navigation Of the Danube should be
free to all nations.
Third: This article was subsequently divided into two
parts the first which guaranteed the territorial nteg-
rty OF the Ottoman Empire the second was to limit to
an inconsderable the naval force Of Russia In
| the Black Sea.
Fourth This had reference the affair OF the Holy
Places and required Russia TO withdraw from inerer-
ence with any religious privileges accorded by the
| Sultan
1t will be seen that the decline OF the Ottoman Empire
has upon internal and inherent weak
ness rather than upon external attacks Other nations
than Russia though usually the allies of Turkey have at
times assisted in which must be enumerated
among the external OF the decline. The inter
ference Russia in the internal affairs Of Turkey may be
attributed to religious well TO political aggres
siye motives Until the Crmean each treaty between
Russia and Turkey marks step OF the lattes decline
With the treaty Of Unkar Skeess in 1885, Russias naval
projects In the Black Sea first indicated and the
Convention of 1si rather than otherwise, assisted
| in carrying them forward. The latter half
| of the third article Of the -Four Points"
developed resistance from Russia TO the naturalization
of her Black Sea navy, which only the Crimean War
could subdue. Although Russian influence In Turkish
affairs was hampered by the Treaty OF Paris in 1885, and
other points then gained by the allies the prcven-
ton of the naval growth of Russia IN the Black Sea was
bv the most feature OF the treaty. The de-