Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1870-08-23

ed by no one. They are hardy and well
fitted to our pasturage and can present
good record. European writers represent
the Ayfshires as yielding from 600 to 800
gallons per year. The fault with the Ayr
shires is that they have small teats and
highly excitable nervous temperament
Their meat is inferior to that of the Short
Horn or Devon breed. Small teats are al
ways considered as bad point in COW.
An Ayrshire crossed with common stock of
Short Horn blood gives larger teats and
makes good animals generally.
The Alderney or Jersey breed had its or
igin in the Island of the English Channel.
These animals have small, deer like head,
thin neck, hollow back, large belly and a
clean, good sized udder, and are famous
for their rich milk 1t is not advisable to
have herd of Jerseys alone, but to have
two or three in a herd to give color and
quality to the milk Their milk has been
found in some Instances to contain g. OF.
of butter Some cows have made 394 lbs
of butter each in year. Five cows for
five years gave 353 lbs. of butter each, per
year. Their butter is of very fine quail
ty. Crossing between an Attorney and an
Ayrshire is not considered judicious
The Holstein or Dutch cattle are noted
in Europe. They are large and compact,
make good beef, and have been bred for
long time for milk. Their color is black
and white mottled, their horns are short
and their hair fine and silky A North
Holland cow gave in one year 6142 Berlin
quarts, or 1913 English gallons of milk
Two cows averaged 1884 Berlin quarts
each in one year; while three Ayrshire
cows yielded only 1851 quarts each in the
same time. A North Holland COW of this
description will make 800 lbs. of cheese
per year, and it may be said that the Dutch
cattle are especially adapted to cheese dali
rying.
The grazer may breed bad tempered an
finals but it will never do for the dairyman
to breed them. Great numbers of cattle
are annually spoiled by cruel treatment.
Ficiousness is transmitted from parent to
offspring and as quietness and good tenn
per are qualities to be sought for it will
not pay to breed from vicious animals
| Gentleness and quietness are the result OF
education largely, and consequently young
stock should be petted. When so treated
they will regard man as their best friend
and will never be frightened by his pres
ence, and what is more, will increase their
flow of milk under such treatment.
Heifers should come in at two years of
age as the milking quality is to an extent
a matter of education, and should be &C.
quired young. Good digestion is necessa.
ry for dairy stock. The belly should BE-
moderately large sized, and the COW should
have yielding sides, large mouth, thick lips
good appetite, easy and quick digestion
glossy hair and supple skin with an unc
tuous feel. 4 good COW should also have
a sound constitution, large lungs and al
inclination to drink freely. Preference
should be given to small boned cow witt
fine and slender limbs, tail fine at base
head small and tapering and horns bright
The udder is formed of four milky glands
Success in dairy farming depends as mucl
upon the management as upon the bloot
and good breeding of the COWS. First, sc
lect your stock judiciously, and second
manage it well. When COWS are dried a
the end of the season two months shout,
, be allowed for them to go dry. Some COW
will continue to give milk until caIving
Thin cows require more food than flesh
ones. In drying cows all the milk shout
be drawn from the udder as any remainin
milk is apt to cause irritation. The teat
should be tried often when the COW is dry
ing up.
Shelter should be given to cows whe
frosts and cold weather come on, as it
much cheaper to warm by this metho
than by food and much better than to a
low them to remain shivering behind FEM
es or other imperfect shields during storm
To maintain the animal heat, when expo
ed in cold weather, requires that the Gov
;, have one-third more food than they wou'
require if properly sheltered. To be sur
a certain amount of exposure and exerci
is necessary to the good health of the an
NAL. But mich cows are sensitive to co
and need but little exercise. Many of Il
troubles at the period of calving are trac
able to previous exposure. The losses
neglect of cattle in winter are very larg
Carding improves the health of the sto
by cleaning and improving the conditi
ofthe skin. Scratching posts should
l. placed in every barnyard. A good met
I'd cd is to place pole upon two posts wi
re one end higher than the other so as to {
2" commodate different sized animals.
LECTURE CARE OF STOCK AND GENE
AL ADVANCEMENT.
Nv Carnivorous animals have one stoma
n while animals which chew the cud ha
m four The stomach of cows should alws
To be distended as the contact of the sides
ed walls is liable to excite irritation and c.
a sequently diseases. For this reason dist
n lery slops often prove injurious as they
re not sufficiently distend the stomach. I
&C Stops of distilleries is also liable to ms
ar poor milk The four stomachs are v
Ter capacious, especially the first one.
on food is made into balls in the mouth {
no. then passes to the first stomach after VIII
ok it is returned to the mouth, made i
cd smaller balls and passed into the sect
be stomach. From this it passes to the tn
its and fourth stomachs receiving fluids
re the way. After passing from the fou
or stomach into the duodenum it is separa
Ter into nutritious and in-nutritious portit
err The fourth stomach is the one from WI
an rennet is made. In spring when cattle
for shedding their hair, if they are not care
To they oftentimes lick the hair off with t
Me. tongues, and unable after once getting
the into their mouths to get it out, they sy
lily. ~" AZ III 'n0 '"ii'0 ioi IA nav w =
for making what is called hair-ball. III
ole balls are apt to excite disease. A g
sod deal depends on the winter management
fire. stock. Cows should not be kept too CT
,ia- " in the stable as it sacrifices to Ger
nt- extent, health and vitality. The COWS
ar look well but what is temporary profit
nse loss in the end. Cattle should be bee
vas well, fed well, groomed well and giver
nth and exercise once or twice per day.
the cattle should be brought to the barr
ock good condition. Ground grain is acco
rh- ed good food in the latter part. of ia