New-York tribune., 1870-11-02

shut until time 70 admit another charge The furnace
top and collected ole S s In n tae Gpsn
roers and wasting iilns. through proper naes The
principal object q the closed top Is That all the gases
Vantagos the como distributing the materials much
evenly than practicable with simply large hole in
which TO dump Them while tho ability to close OF open
the assists the general control of furnace action
An excellent English authority s}s s, So bo 1SS ol
nun, by the use Of closed tops
Passing at fromthe top to the bottom OF the fur
mace we lind attempted Improvement, not yet gen
orally intlpduced, In Lufmans closed hearth Ihis pan
builds upFhc hearth in complete circle leaving ony
where the einder notch usually s tnyero one hhd One me
half inches IN daneIer 1,e scr @ raimed
and in places whore this hearth is introduced,
fully realized. hotter hearth, there being no neat
wasted keep up tho Temperature In tho useless chan
mel between the hearth and the dam; while the tuyefos,
instead Of blowing into the cndcr as - frequently the
case are inserted ut level Of about nine inches above
the Stag outlet that tho materials 70 DC sinelteu nave
the fun and uninterrupted effect OF he Dist isss tae Inc
il required for casting, while tho hearth Is Kept so hot
as 10 have tendency TO grow up and There peing
1leheartb, there IS no crust 10 break up tnnS
much time and as the hearth has no opehhg onUngn %
which the materials blow out, much hlBher pres
| sure OF blast may be maintained.
Quite in the region OF theory as yet IL the pan OF her
Sciiutz OF Srasbourg, metauIgis who has nade inc
action OF blast furnaces special study ana VINO nls sug
gested Innovations which have plausible hppchrace 1
success 1t il known that OF all the atmospheric
air blown into the furnace, whether not or eou @
proportion consists o nitrogen which assists not az al
In tho combustion Of fuel and IA OF very doubtful utiY
in any way the furnace, while 1t iscerialniy narinun m
dilung the useful gases, ana occupies at VI spa.e W 'o %
could be much better employed, to say nothing on me
necessary for heating the nitrogen along WIN ,he
hydrogen, IN common air. Herr Scintz5 theory mas oI
It's object the elimination OF part of the great surplus VI
nitrogen by working the furnace partially wlth SOLO
fuel in the ordinary way, and partly WIN carDohc
oxide nufactared in separate Boner1itOrs anu IocGa
into tho furnace through separate uyeres win tne 9r
nary blast IN Is applicable far IA developed only 10
hot blast furnaces aud the details too long TO lind
place in this paper, but the plan Is wor,hy te
consideration OF irOnnasters, being Theoretically COT
rccty founded.
THE FURNACES OF TO-DAY.
The size and shape of the furnace hsYc gradually
undergone great changes, tho whole interior having
been originally square in horizontal section and the
hearth was made square, psraleogra, long aitef
the upper portion of the furnace became circur When
the Interior was square the exterior naturally
and was generally formed Of stone masonry, heavy ana
massive but the heavy masonry seems to nave no spea
advantages beyond making plclnresgue rum shon
abandoned 1nd tae later furnaces Ia Elgand az our
own Western states, OF what is called the cfpoti
.tyIe the heavy nases of stOns at tAe corners having
gwen place simple iron coluIans, Supporting las4e
IRON ring which ~ built the stock t- exterior Oh blS
hrebrick which or1. the hearth, being open al aroliay
stack tself consisting OF The f1o-brck lnry,
wSh Two ~ red BRICK eAtril W IL, gnu Sm
rounded BY boiler pla sesnrey Geed sosetinr @
variss with the incl sstd ores to bS cmSoyed' sid
Spess shane in any ocaity is best attained careful
observation OF the nuoDoe, when blown ont Inc con
stant tendency vi the best Sngish Practise .s Deeh t
cnlaIgp the hearth wiu4 beneficial sesult though
the continent Of Ewopc generally, me 'iS hearhS
sill adhered To. Vbe tDp&il has also
larged from size % years ago, asd tes pro
porton4te bight Of the furSre also ihcreeoay We[S
being crushed by the insreasa weight OF tho larger
mass the pieces OF t,s Grade mater''s y. nLe
questionahly much increased thF economy of1pei.
Now, then, alter lapse "f "a ysrs-slnce lSe-a s~n
bnaton the various changes ANA mpIov enets EaNes
furnaces OF ~ feet bOsh anu eS 1881 hSl "a Dl sasu
i've TO seven pounds per sql,ss inch, TIE upper
portion of rsoIIy circular hearth t5hty closed except
She absolutely necos ssLry apeTihlLes To periis tip'
surpSa of
hnstion which must produee ~ eAt or at leaae spse
gases reaches the TUNE heid AZ a teInperur
Of about 800 d H ana ses esrf IN S s6fone side ius
aII do still further seryice-uftor p"nB mixed VAIN
easratvr saam to force IL in lis tmh through ths
same route the nsult being - proaseUon at sllgB
mere tHS. double ,iS quantity ali Grost Britain made
I74G and made b! the use oil less tha tuh oi Iui p
Tis total quar- i,y of pigrou:Is IN the United
states III lo59 haa asrSar "a I @ ~ and ar 5i prodSced in
onr esuntry, ny some s5,OO00O TLrou6Lut EUROPE, t
advance i'll me- L.turgy has beeseeaiGei! ess aiheo
than here and in EpsAnd. m
produced tteo In Iet5 B.laiun Vroaeei i99
- lsS s.nes pro- ssa I 3 In n is ss % p, y. is 100
1894 Germany roiuee hzoc loo Austria seueei $4,000
The total quantity of iron made in the world In ls69
The changes in tho ysrous modes Of manipulating pig
iron and advancing tito finished article have been ex.
traorBary and uneXNeted and ars stlIl being naie or
attempted with raidity when ", !. auSnt % 10 Rsep
name, but omit mentioning, as nave done
nanY of the slight changes IN basturlce operations
Eor Still greater improvements IA naksnB plg-irQn,
from great disco, ,ees OF new prn, pics, especially
in this country, wbereI am sorry 10 say even the adj
yanLages already gained not fully selBed upon as
mign nave been expected We must LOOK 10 more gem
eraI and thorough knowledge OF the principles which
govarn furnace working. more intelligent combination
OF various 10 little iiuX possible simply
fax, making different perform thai function for
each 0Lher, or using proper huA Where separate
material Is really necessary to the u OF nade
from materials best adsptd TO resist the enrodns ini,
o the to be worked and 10 general practical
recognition the fact that the production o pigron Is
nf.llN aehH
slight variations fgum the really best way are pro-
dueye Ut enormous waste. The above objects can only
b. attained by frequent careful aDaly OL all the mate
rials employed, and then by carefully modifying their
IpOportans Ill "A scientific manner;
Il In the mechanical portion OF the Labor OF smelling
there needs also the m9st thorough economy, not how
loTer, always considering that an eeWiony whlcn Is
OF the first cost that which really costs more
10 compel the furnace to do alter the materials are
miNiSs ores coal and ai,x. reducing the peccs
Of each to the sizes proper for speedy action
mace also avoiding. especially false economy, tho
aphazard way OF charging which is 30 frequent ipr
of means may perhaps be allowed TO mention, rs one
excellent check upen this the stock house scales af
Richie Bros, whclfare exhibition here, and which
know from some years use, ~ DC extremely wen aapa
To tluit end. la our changeabe climate, 1t nxy
well be considered whether Is not alho
the hest economy to protect by non-conducnng
coverings, all pIeS conveying steam OF heated ar the
naces stockheas should be 80 arranged that the issi
ala. may De Ieetised anl placed =, we Mii
that pig iron sncary all labor and that II should mo re
duced much possible not necessarily by decrease
he rewarcsof labor 50 that our men may pellcd
tc i've In squhd novels with scarcely the necessares Of
the Belgian Sorkmen with meat cheese, tea, eggs fruit,
sud arthcl light OF any kind so seldom employed rs
~ the family expenses; nor need aim at
making the manufacture Of iron exist as
branch of national Industry upoD the elementary cond
tion OF giving only week TO It's great OF
iaSrers, as Mr. Hewitt tersey sums up tho substan
tIal state OF affairs IN France, But we shOuld observe
carefully the steps already accomplished in cheapening