The New York herald., 1870-06-17

cannot do IL In the nayura way Of selling anypart OF
his land. What are the consequencesf why mat
there is hardly In all England an estate that Is not
moro or less mortgaged, and OF which large por
ton OF the rent has TO 60 towards paying the interest
| OF the mort mortgage But although the income OF
the landed proprietor is diminished his expenses are
| not he has the same more or less large house 10
| keep up theSsame figure to cut in his coupty. the
same state when he comes to London the same outlay
~ regards bis taxes. rates and sesvants. y,.. :.
| goes TO Ave abroad where life Is cheaper than in
England, aud draws from his land the money he ex.
| tighter ana lighter, and every time the lease OF a
| farm falls in raises the rent Of the tenant.
TO such extent mas tnls latter system been car
r!ed out Of late years that farming Is no longer
business ont OF which money can be made. and,
and parts OF Yorkshire every farmer viii tell you
that IT Is quite as much as no can DO to get bare
living out Q. the land he larms. or course this state
evil Inc farmer who Is over rented puts the screw
| upon his a6orers and produces an immense amount
| lies. They have just as much food az will support
life, and the prospect OF their old age Is the work
out S Is sDa qRy S Sssun "a
where every sober ana honest mans labor Is o cer
tain capital for himself and his children, and tnat
the latter are source OF wealth and not OF poverty
10 HIM Ia America Our artisans found this out
years ago: but 1t has only just now become evident
shown in the amount Of emigration of which
spoke In my last letter. And, as yet we are only at
upon England total onange in her laws as regards
landed estates.
A few weeks ago happened to spend some days
goes 6y the name Of zine Garden Of England.''
dent population or laborers has diminished 1T least
seventyhve per cent during the past Blk months. and
| dent upon the labor q 'tramps'-men and women
| vagabonds who roam over the country and are
/ nnt ND q vau "A in hay
| have chance aud believe they will not be found
out But the old resident laborng population-the
lace OF the land They have either taken refuge In
the large towns or have gone to Australia as sheep
| States. In word their own country in which cul-
tvaon Is carried TO The highest possible extent, has
cast them forth and will not give them even bread.
reused Into making away from their old landmarks.
more utterly miserable existence than that OF Eng
| Can hardly be imagined. Having gone over tn 5
ground once Will not return to it. But what would
| weeks among the working classes in Dorsetshlre,
Devonsire, Herefordshire, Warwlckshlre, or any OF
the COUNTIES IN which agricuiturai labor Is the rule
! OF men, women and children 1t is common enough
thing for Engishmen to boast that the Established
| poorest can be taught the truths OF Christianity
That Is the theory bat what Is the practicef ! defy
or Or more morally debased class Of beings than the
| farm servants or rather farm aborers, both male
Ienale L1rOu2nOnL LDOSe paris OF England WnlCn
| Established Church and OF the local gentry
| or even the historical facts connected with
! the most remote conception. They are honest
| in their dealings one with another, because
But Of any desire TO improve their condition. OF the
decencies that ought to be observed In dwelling
dren born out Of wedlock, and indeed OF ali kinds
OF sefrespect, and Of what raises man above the
Level Of the beast that pershss they have no notion
main In and win die ina State Of utterly dependent
and they had been reared on a slave plantation
twenty years ago. Nay, there Is this difference be-
cultural lab0rers in England-the former used to be
well fed, even when badly treated. The latter arc
certainly not logged but they are physically starved
EMIGRATION AND HOPE
AS said before 1t has at last dawned upon these
may change their condition for the better, and hence
the reason why they are following the example SO
long ago set them by the Irish tenant farmers and
by The English artisans and believe that this move
ment is destined to work out a vast change in Eng
land. II Will SO reduce the value OF land as now
held IN this country that The great landed propretors
for leave sell divide entailed estates; In other
words that not merely the outsiders, who have no
land, but the arsrocracy tnat now own estates, will
beg that ree trade in land may be made the law. As
nor was there ever any country in the history OF the
world, In which the laws as regards land are 50 un-
Just as they are in Great Britain.
DEER FORESTS OF SCOTLAND.
OF Ireland | will not speak, for 1t Is not In my
province 70 90 So S%s naveyon kn1 d reaaer svsr
those mountalns-e estates, perhaps, OF ten, fifteen
and twenty square mlles-whicn might feed thou
sands Of families and are now kept utterly desolate.
not sheep being allowed TO Craze thereon, in order
that the noblenan or other VINO OWNS the land may
have VIVA, called his deer forest-whtch means his
deer mountains-well stocked with red deer9 In
America in the forests you turn out the wild AMI
mails In order to make way for man, that ne may
tiva N a xyQf man
IN order TO make way for the wild animals. the
owners OF the lands do this, and think themselves
| proprleLors OF the sonS There is one nobeman
| aone-the Duke OF Sutherland-who has many thou
which there were, twenty years ago scores OF flour.
! ishing villages. or these villages not one now re-
mains The Duke = very wealthy, ana II is his noble
Ia the norh and so, inch by Inch, yard by yard and
mile by mile the whole OF this vast property has been
| turned into an immense bowling Wilderness In order
that the red deer may breed and flourish in peace
| and certain number Of fine stays may be Killed
every year. Nor Is his Grace the only o1ender by
many in this manner. There are more than couple
Of hundred deer forests in the north or Scotland all
OF which have been formed by rdtning out men and
women and children to make room for wild animals
! Where have they gone, these HghlandersS Many
| OF them are IN the United States. Others are In
Canada, others In Australia, others have gone into
| and become settled in our large towns.
| HIGHLAND RECRUITS
craie men 10 ior HahlanI re9msnt towards the 81 end
OF the Penlnsular war. In one district OF Cathness-
| shire he raised 200 men, all under twenty-five
| years Of age, all above six feet In height and
| all sons OF small tenants on the Duke Of
| Sutherlands estates. This same gentleman travelled
last summer the district In Caithnesshire where
| he had formerly enlisted these men. From one end
OF 1t TO another he never saw single human being.
Is 1t possible ask that such state of things can
| prosper2 Is not this actually reversing what the
rest or the world would term the process OF clvza.
ton? Are elections OF this kind even worse, If
possible, than what we read OF as taking place In
Irelands Must not change and change worked
| by no very friendly hand, come some dayl
| have said that the Duke OF Sutherland Is by no
means the only offender In this matter There are
more than two hundred others; some of them noble.
| men, some commoners, often wealthy merchants
who have OF late years bought estates. The mani a
| existence during the last quarter Of o century.
Previous to that time there were deer forests in
| Scotland, but they were few and far between.
! The red deer was only to be found upon tracts OF
country which were so to speak, naturally desoate,
| and could not be cultivated. In these days they
were really Wild animals upon Wild lands; now they
seml.iaIned beasts roaming upon lands That h We