davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
LEGAL.
Legal Notice.

mo. C.PACKER and his wife Elizabeth s. Packer
of the State of Indiana, will take notice that
solomon Bloch of the county of Stark, Ohio, did,
on the 18th day of September A. /. 1870. file his
petition IN the. Court of Common Pleas in and for
the county of Stark, Ohio against the said John
Z. Packer & wife, Elizabeth S. Packer, defendants,
setting forth that the said defendants gave a
mortgage to the said Solomon Bloch on the prop
erty known and described as town-lot number
one hundred and ninety-six in Teeters' addition
TO the town Of Alliance, county of Stark, Ohio,
with appurtenances thereto belonging, to secure
the payment of four thousand two hundred and
iorty-three dollars $4,243) according to certain
notes referred to in said mortgage that the said
Plalntlf Is owner of two accounts and mechanics
liens against said defendant John c. Packer and
property Tor labor performed and material fur
lished TO the building upon said lot. TIL first
account and lien is for the sum of two hundred
ana slNty-slN 5O-l0O dollars (S266 5O-IOO) and Origi-
nally IN favor of 7. A. and A. b LoOr; the other
account and lien is for the sum of seven hundred
and seventeen dollars (S7I7)and originally in favor
OF Josiah Rosenberg, plaintiff, in his petition
prays for the payment of said sums with interest
from the 18th day of September, 1870, or that said
premises may be sold to pay the same, and the
said defendants John G. Packer and wife Eliza
beth 5. Packer are notified that they are required
TO appear and answer said petition on or before
the 18th day of November A. u. 1870, or the said
petition Will be taken as true.
SOLOMON BLOCH,
by his Attorney, Jno. c Stallcup.
Dated Sept. II, lS7OW6
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

The trial of Major McCurdy, of Card
ington, for the murder Of his son, in De-
cember, 1869, resulted IN his acqulttal.-
Great popular indignation is felt over the
verdict. The people of Cardington have
adopted resolutions d~enouncing the YER
dict. Our readers will remember hat the
young man, some twenty years old, was
coming in to the clothing store of his
father who told him three times to leave
or he would shoot which he did. The
young man died in a few minutes. 1t
seems they had a quarrel in the morning
and the testimany showed the father was
much troubled at the young mans habits.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

IT is estimated that the whole amount
Of money derived from the income tax
this year will not exceed 100000, and
that to collect this amount will cost So
SOO,OO0-the same as last year, This will
leave only about S7OO.OOOfor the treasury.
The balance will go to support an army
Of o~thce-holders. These estimates are
based en- figures furnished by such loyal
men as Commissioner Rollins and Con-
gresham Schenck, and are not very far,
probably from the truth. Is it any Won
der that taxes are high, or that the pro-
portions of the public debt are slowly,
very slowly, curtailed?
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

The Democratic Executive Committee
for Stark county have arranged the fol-
lowing Evening Meetings. Let our
friends at the respective places see to it
that proper arrangements are made.
NAVARRO Lee and Comerford -
Monday, September 10Th.
BROOKFIELD-Lee and Lynch
Tuesday. September 10th.
FULTON-Lee and Lynch-Thursday,
September 22d.
UNIONTOWN-Lee and ComerfOrd-
Wednesday, September 2lst.
BERLIN-Lee and Lynch Friday,
September 2Sd.
w. A. LYNCH. Chm.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

King WILLIAM, of Prussia, thinks he is
king by the grace of God" He succeed
ed his brother in 1861, and was crowned
October 10th, 1861. In an address deliv-
cred on the 18th, he said
"The rulers of Prussia receive their
crown from God. To morrow, therefore,
l shall take the crown from the Lords ia
bic, and rlace it on my head. This is the
meaning of the expression, King by the
grace OF God and therein lies the sanctity
Of the crown, which is %inviolable."
He put the crown on his head with the
remark, Il wear this crown by the favor
of God, and of nobody else" Processing
and acting upon this idea. he is not likely
to regard republicanism with much favor.
in France or elsewhere.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

SENATOR SHERMAN, in his Delaware
speech. in defending his clients, the land
grabbers, declared that the Union Pacific
Railroad was voted for by every Demo
cratic member Of Congress, and was sup
ported without distinction Of party. Now,
the Union Pacific Railroad Bill made a
gift Of fifty millions of acres Of the public
lands, and passed Congress Oh the Sth Of
April, 1862, and was supported by every
Radical Congressman from Ohio. while
every Democratic member voted against
it. sherman ought to know lying don't
become a nice man, U. s. Senator and one
who has got rich on whisky rings, &c.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

THE action of the Ring in placing ne
groes and Germans upon the Executive
after refusing them q place on
the ticket, is immensely characteristic,-
They are perfectly willing that they sho'd
do az the hard work and the voting, but
the Ring wants to hold all the Offices
Pittsburgh Post, 10Th,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

We assure the Minerva Commercial
that the Democratic Congressional Con-
vention at Wellsville did not break up in
a row" The entire business was fully
disposed of and on motion the convention
adjourned. We have no idea that our
friend Allen will thank the Amber P. o.
organ at Minerva for its false sympathy
Tor him. It's indignation" is no doubt
great lest Col. BALM ets more votes in the
district than Amber a third candidate
would have pleased Amber well and, of
course, secured his election. That ac-
counts for the milk in that cocoa nut.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

A of the surviving members
of the IO4th Ohio was held at Salem on
The sth, and we learn they had "a good
time"-meaning no doubt something good
70 eat and drink. The orator was Major
Riddle. the "welcome address was deliver
ed by Hon. ]. A. Amber, in a forcible
manner" Wonder if the Judge has ever
found that muster roll which was about
fuu and was first gracsd by his own sign
manual. It disappeared very mysterious
". we understand. and relieved the Hon.
]. A. Amber from going into the service.
There are other ways Of killing dogs be-
sides choking them with butter.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
THE MARQUIS of Hertforj yI

The Marquis of Hartford whose death is
announced by telegram, was the possessor
Of estates IN England and Ireland, netting
$4,000 a year. He spent much of his
life in Paris, buying pictures for which he
paid fabulous sums. He never visited
ireland but once, and then he SAID he
never hoped to see it again. He was a sell
fish voluptuary, though not such an un-
mitigated profigate as his predecessor, the
boon companion of George ", who Is
said to haye suggested to Thaekeray his
poTtraiture of the Marquis of Steyne,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

GREAT BRITAIN has her Prince Of
Wales, the Queens Oldest son, and a use
less cub he is. Our prince of Wales"
living in his country residence at Massil-
lon, is anxious to get to the Senate of
Ohio. We hope to give him plenty of
Lee-way and send him in another direc-
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

The Massillon Independent of last week
had,a long diatribe against Colonel Ball
Mr.. Frost has been i'll for some time at his
home in New Lisbon and the 6G1OL wasnot
his long winded production. In his Am
bling rambling article the writer did notre-
late one useful performance of Amber, Ell
ther in or out of Congress, unless it be to
vote as plunderers desire him.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

THE Maine election took place Monday.
The returns indicate the success of the
Radical candidates by reduced majorities.
From all parts of the State the Democratic
gains are uniform. Bangor goes Demo
cratic for the first time in its municipal
aNistanpa
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
A. MeGREGOR, Editor.
DEMOCRATIC STATE TICKET.

FOR SECRETARY OF STATE,
WILLIAM HEISLEY,
of Cuyahoga county.
FOR SUPREME JUDGE,
Hon. RICHARD A. HARRISON,
of Madison county.
FOR COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY,
JOHN H. HEATON,
Of Belmont county.
FOR MEMBE OF BOARD OF PUBLIC WORK,
Col. WILLIAM SPENCER,
of Licking county.
FOR sTATE SENATOR:
DANIEL B. LEE,
of Carroll county.
FOR STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION;
ELISHA TEETERS,
Of Stark county.
DEMOCRATIC COUNTY TICKET.
FOR RECORDER,
GEORGE VIOLAND.
FOR SURVEYOR,
JACOB G. WILLARD.
FOR COUNTY COMMISSIONER,
WILLIAM CASSLER.
FOR NFIRMARY DIRECTOR,
JOSEPH L~OUTZENHEISER,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

We know nothing personally of Mr..
Ball, but presume he is a very respectable,
worthy, honorable, upright man, who
knows all about threshing machines and
w and can run a c~amp-meeting much
better than a political party. 1t is wholly
unnecessary to discuss his qualifications
for member Of Congress at present, for he
stands no earthly chance of an election
Mnerva Commercial
The Amber Postofice organ at Miner
va may find it necessary to discuss the re-
spective merits ofthe candidatesbefore the
election. We propounded the question
last week and we again suggest, of what
real benefit has Amber ever been to the
world compared with Ephraim Ball?
We do not suppose Colonel Ball "ean"
or you'd run" Government in the
corrupt ~plundering way in which it has
been for some time. He has labored in his
sphere to do good and benefit the world
and the laboring man.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

THE Prussian soldiers wear very COM
monty underneath their shirts a piece Of
sole leather, about ten inches square,
which is hard enough to turn a bullet,
unless struck perpendic harly, and is a
very good defense against lance or sabre.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

FORMERLY when the President consult
ed with his secretaries it was called a
cabinet meeting" Now, when our En-
peror Grant condescends to visit Washing
ton from his cottage by the sea-" FOrney
announces in his journal "the President
and his ministers are in council" This is
European style. 'Rah for Republican
free America.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
Legal
Sale.

Furry & King, PTfs, State of Ohio,
vs.. Stark County.
Michael Oswald ct al, Defts.J CourtCommonPieas
NOTICE is hereby given that the und erslgned
~ as Receiver appointed in this ease, in pursu-
ance of an order of the above named court, made
and entered at its May term, 1870, in the above en-
titled case, will sell at public auction, at the front
door Of the Court House of the said county of
Stark, (n CantOn) on
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER "a, 1870,
at two o'clock p. m, the shares and interests of
the defendant, Michael Oswald, in the capital stock
of the "Trumbull Coal and Mining Company" be-
ing seventeen and seventy-nine one hundred
shares of said capital stock, each share being for
the nominal value and amount of one thousand
dollars, and l Will also sell and transfer Herewith
two certificates issued to said Oswald by said COM
pany, to represent said share of stock, as follows,
certificate No. II, for three shares, and No. 45 for
fourteen and seventy-nine one hundred shares of
said stock. Terms cash.
WILLIAM A. LYNCH,
augl1w5- Receiver in said case.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

Mr.. DANIEL B. LEE, our candidate for
the State Senate paid our town a visit this
week and made the acquaintance of some
of our friends. Dir. Lee will spend the
most of next week IN our county and
hopes to become acquainted with more of
our people
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
ETINGsFORsTARK
COUNTY.

l.. E. WILSON, Sec'y.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

ing SIocIOAs III lneI respective TOWNSHIPS,
On TUESDAY, October II, 1870
Then and there to elect by ballot according
Constitution and laws of Chic The fopoVyT to the
and County officers; ig State
One person for Secretary of State.
one person INr SupremS rdGe.
one person iof SoDNpr collier % III
One person for MeT ,or nf - u e Treasury;
Works. 4OSi "a : lie , JOard of Public
one 5ettssSSnA 10: Congress Tor tn a 18th Distrio,.
~ ST+Se' for State Senator To I'll tbe ~ ~
Onef.tt" term of b. F. Potts, resigned. ""'
0nS .rson for State Soard o z Fo1aIi1ation.
person for County Recc rider;
,ue person for Codnty Sur !eyor:
One person for County Cor missioner.
One person for InfrmaTy Director.
The following is the appC. rtionment of Jurors In
be returned by the Trustees of the several town
ships for the year 1910, with the poll books. to the
Clerk of the Common Pleas Court, on or before
the l4th day OF October 1870: Paris o; Washing
ton 9; Lexington %; Marlboro 10; Nimishllen 10.
Osnaburg g. Sandy 8, Pike G; Canton IS: Plain N.
Lake 10; Jackson 8; Perry p; Bethlehem lO: Sn,
garcreek Z; Lawrence II; Tuscarawas 9.
The following is the apportionment of Jurors 10
be returned by the Trustees of the several town
ships for the year 1870, TO the Probate Judge. on
or before the l4th day of October, 1870: Paris O.
W9shington9 .; Lexington 20; Marlboro 10: Mimi,
shillen y; Osnaburgh 8; Sandy 8; Pix C: Plain M.
Lake 10; Jackson s; Perry p; Bethlehem lO- Su-
garcreek Z; LaWrence12; Tuscrawas 9; Canton as
Given under my hand at the city of Canton this
9th day of September, 1870.
R. A. DUNBAR,
sept1w5 Sheriff of Stark county,. O.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
Notice.

Lewis Waller Before c. W. Breeze, J. P, of
VS.. Lawrence Township, Stark Co.,
HI Hamburger Ohio.
ON the third day Of September A D. 1870, said
~ Justice issued an attachment in the above
action for the sum of S25 6O-lOO. Case continued
till Saturday, the I'D day of October, 1870, at ten
o'clock A. NJ. l.. WALLER.
Cnnnl EnItnn Gnnt 10 lSTOMa
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

The two leading radical organs in
Pittsburg are having a lively time. The
Gazette pitches in for the ring" and the
Commercial for the reformers, The Post,
Democratic, enjoys it and we hope the
Democratic candidates will be elected.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

THERE is no telling where this sort Of
thing 10 going to stop. 1t actually APP
pears that the Democrats made large gains
in Vermont at the election the other day
And the radicals are getting alarmed
about Massachusetts, this fall.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
ITALY,

The Italian republic has been proclaim
ed at Nice and Mentoae.-The troops of
the italian government are taking posses
sion of the Papal territory, the Papal
Zouaves at Civita Castellano resisted for q
time but finally surrendered this corps is
marching on Rome.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
AMERICAN HOTEL.

Salem, Ohio-John A.. Dellenbaugh, Proprietor.
This popular and well-knOwn House has lately
been reftted and furnished throughout AgOod
sample ROOM for commercial travellers. Livery
Stable in connection with the House. and On
nlbus 10 and from all trains. Those patronizing
the House will at all times receive prompt and
courteous attention. augI7tf
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

tx the New York Republican Conven-
ton, Thursday, General Stewart L. Wood
ford received for Governor 25s votes
against los for Horace Greeley, and % for
George William Curtis.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
CARROLL COUNTY DEMOCRATIC
TICKET.

CARROLL COUNTY DEMOCRAT
TICKET.
FOR CLERK OF COURT,
BENJAMIN F. WARE,
Of Brown.
FOR PROSECUTOR,
THOMAS HAYS,
Of Centre.
o COMMISSIONER,
GAVIN LAWTHER,
Of Orange.
FoR INFIRMARY DIRECTOR,
ABSALOM ALLER,
Of Centre.
FOR COUNTY SURVEYOR,
]. c. LONG,
of Harrison.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
VERMONT.
The Election RetUrns-LRrge Demo-
cratic Gains Throughout the State,
New York, September 8, 1870.

A special from Bennington, Vermont,
7th, says: The returns show large Demo
cratic gains in the State. Woodford,
SALISBURY. Arlington, Sunderland and
Stamford elect Democrats to the General
Assembly. Gardiner and Harrabin arc
elected Senators from this county, the
former by 700 majority, and Harrabin by
500 majority. The latter is a Democrat
The county usually gives l,400 Republican
majority. HarrabiR beats both tickets in
this town.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

The New York Herald thinks Governor
Hoffman will be reelected by seventy
thousand majority. Here is what it says:
THE Democratic State Central Committee
have called a State Convention to be held
IN the city of Rochester on the Dist of
September. This convention will have
very little to do. 1t will nominate Gov
ernor Hoffman for reelection, and he will
be reelected, probably, by seventy thou
sand majority
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

A great sale of 400 town lots in Lin
coin, the capital of Nebraska. Will take
place on the 9th Of September. Also
$4,000 acres of desirable state lands will
be offered for sale.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
LATEST WAR NEWS.

There are seven Prussian army corps
before Paris.-Thler's peace mission to
England Is said to be a failure.-The
direct mail between London and Paris has
been stopped.-Prussian Uhlans were at
Nagent-S Sur Marine on Monday five miles
east of Paris.-The French Government
is at Tours.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
HORSES AND CATTLE.

WHEREAS, WILLIAM GARRISON, of Can
w ton, Stark county, Horse and Cattle Physi-
clan, did advertise lately six weeks in the Canton
papers, to send any farmer or horse and cattle
keeper a receipt for the cure of the Cattle Disease
to any one RENTING me one dollar, l would in
form them who have sent for the receipt and in
closed one dollar for it, that l have never received
either letter or mOhey. 1 wish all said parties to
write to me and seal your letters with sealing-wax
as 1 am trying to find out the swindler of such
letters. VIM. GARRISON,
Horse and Cattle Physician, Canton, o.
SaDtIAW2
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
NOTICE.

THE County Board for the equalization of values
of all real estate in Stark county-outside the
cities of Canton and Massillon-wil meet at the
Auditors office in Canton, on Monday October Sd,
1870, to hear and consider complains
H. C. ELLISON, Sec'y.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
DIR. WHITTIER

CONTINUES to treat all Private Diseases, Syph-
ills in all its forms, Gonorrhma, elect. Strict
ure, Orchitis, and all the Urinary diseases, and
the effects of Mercury are completely Graduated;
Spermatorrhea or Seminal Weakness and limo
tency, resulting from self abuse or other causes.
and which produce some of the following effects,
as blotahes, bodily weakness, indigestion, con-
sumption, aversion to society, unmaniiness, dread
of future events, loss of memory, incidence, noe
turnal emissions, and finally so prostrating the
sexual system as to render marriage unsatisfac-
tory, and therefore imprudent, are permanently
cured.
1t is selfeyident that a physician who confines
himself exclusively 10 the study of a certain class
of diseases and treats thousands of cases every
year must acquire greater skill in that specially
than one in general practice.
The.establiShment, comprising ten ample rooms,
is central. When it is not convenient to visit the
city, the Doctors opinion can be obtained by Civ
ing q written statement of the case, and medi-
cines can be forwarded by mail or express,
The Doctor publishes a MEDICAL PAMPHLET
of fifty pages that gives a full exposition of vene-
real and private diseases, that can be had free at
office or by mail, in sealed envelope, for two
stamps. Every sentence contains instruction to
the afflicted, and enabling them to determine the
precise nature of their complaints.
Hours, 9 a. m, to 8 p. m. Sundays u IN. to. 2
P. m. Office, No. 8 WYLIE STREET, (near Court
Housel FIstsburgh, ia j~une29yI
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
MIDWIFERY.

MRS. W. ZWINGMANN, No. 80 North Plum ST.,
vi corner of Fourth, MIDWIFE, and general prac-
titiOner. Cupping and Bleeding promptly attend
ed to. Has had large experience in and will pre-
scribe in all troubles during Nursing Mrs. q. is
a graduate Of one of the best German institutions.
Canton, July 20, lS7Om3E
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
Teachers Examination.

A SPECIAL Examination of applicants for
n Teachers certificates will be held in Massil.
Ion on Saturday, September 18th and one at Al
lance on Saturday, October Sth. Regular Exami.
nations, until otherwise ordered, at Canton, the
last Saturday of each month.
By order of Examiners.
oVrrqI. nANTET. nv rIa-I-
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

LET our readers take time to peruse
with care the speech of General Cary in
this paper.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

Elanora Wernet) Before Alex. Bierce, ]. P. of
VS.. Canton township, Stark county,
Simon Redman. Ohio.
ON the I'd day of September A. D.. 1870, said JUS
~ tice issued an order of attachment in the
sum of eleven dollars apd forty-four cents.
ELANORA WERNET.
Canton, Sent. Il, ls7Ork3
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
Sheriff Sale.

John Miller VS.. Samuel Lesser ct al.
By virtue of a fl. IA. issued from the Court of
Comon Pleas of Stark county, Ohio, and to me
directed will offer for sale at public cutlery at the
door of the courthouse in the city of Canton, on
Saturday, the 24h day @Septem6er, 1870,
the following described real estate situate in Stark
county, Ohio, to wit The northeast quarter of
section number twelve Q2) township number one
a., range number ten 90 containing one hundred
and sixty QGO) acres subject to the dover Of
Lesser, widow of -Leeser, deceased. Sale to
commence at I o'clock p. IN. Terms cash.
R. A. DUNBAR, Sheriff.
aug24W5
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
Save Your Straw.

THE Canton Paper Mill Company wish to pur-
i chase alarge amount of straw. Farmers will
therefore do well to stack their straw carefully so
as to preserve il. 1t is surely better to use or sell
straw than to burn it in the field. augIOwG
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14

GRANTS greatest victory of late is al
Long Branch. He is the champion loun-
ger at seaside,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1870-09-14
A Good Investment.

GOMETHING valuable found near the city of
- CantOnl Thousands of dollars to any person
who will invest in il. For particulars inquire at
DEMocRAT Ofhce, or address box 4I9, Canton, o.
sept7