The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-09-14


the representatives Of the great powers an able
paper on the state Of Italy The King also paid
visit to France and England, and was received with
great enthusiasm in the capitals of both countries,
being decorated 10y the Emperor Napoleon with the
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor and created by
Queen Victoria Knight of the Garter, the highest
distinctions within the gift Of these royal person
ages.
In January, 1859, the Princess Clothilde, Victor
Emanuel's eldest child, then only 16 years DID, was
married to Prince Napoleon, the cousin of the
French Emperor and this event was followed
almost Immediately by the outbreak of the war
OF Italian independence aud unity, in which France
and Sardinia together took the field against Austria.
The relations Of Sardinia with the latter country
had for long time been quite the reverse OF friendly,
and in the month Of January the King announced
to his Parliament in person that a storm was i'm
pending. Count Cavour, the master spirit OF the
Government in these rerilous days. in diplomatic
circular detailed the grievances of Sardinia against
Austria the latter summoned Sardinia to dsarm,
but In vain the Austrian army crossed the TiCino,
and the conflict soon raging with great fierce
ness. Victor Emanuel was invested by his Parla-
ment with dictatoral powers, and assumed the
command OF his army in person, entrusting to his
eldest son, Prince Humbert, who was but fifteen
years of age, the command OF. brigade. Louis
Napoleon despatched powerful army to the sup
port OF the King and in person assumed the COM
mand of the united forces Several grand and ter
rife contests followed each other with startling
rapidity, the Austrians sustaining disastrous de-
feats at Montebelo the Goth Of May; at Palestro
the 30th and 31st Of the same month; at Magenta
the 4th Of June; and still again at Solferino on
the oath of June The Emperor and the King were
present in person at each Of these memorable en-
counters and side by side they entered Milan amidst
the widest tumult Of enthusiasm.
The preliminary peace Of Villafranca, which was
concluded on the 11th of july terminated one of the
briefest and most brilliant struggles of the nine
teenth century, and secured the cesson Of Lombardy
to Sardinia; but it seemed, for the time to put an
end to Victor EmanGels aspirations to rule over a
united Italy. Revolutions, however broke out in
nearly all the sovereignties into which the peninsula
was divided, and Tuscany Parma, Modena, Sicily,
Naples, and the greater portion Of the Papal States
elected by ballot their own annexation to Sardinia.
The events connected with this great popular
ment detailed yesterday and is unnecessary to
repeat them here. Victor Emanuel was now the un-
disputed sovereign Of the whole italian peninsula,
with the exception of Veneta and the remnant of
the States Of the Church which still held in SUBJ
lection by the Pope through the agency OF foreign
bayonets.
On the 18th Of March, 1S61 the Parliament of the
united peninsula proclaimed Victor Emanuel King
OF Italy, and the dream of Italian unity almost
realized. This title was recognized by England on
the 30th OF March and by France on the Oath of
June, and in 1865 the capital was removed from
Turin to Florence, where it was destined to remain
Rome ITSELF
The result of the war between Prussia and Aus
tria in 1866, detailed yesterday was the ces-
sion to Italy of Venetia, and it now only remains
for Victor Emanuel to occupy Rome to achieve a
complete fulfment Of the fond dream OF his life.
II at any time during the past four years he had
given the word all Italy would have swarmed enthu-
siastically around his standard, and marched with
mpatience upon the Eternal City, But the hands
of Victor Emanuel have been tied by treaties and
by their provisions he has been forced not only
to forego the leadership of his people, but to assist
in suppressng, with an iron hand every manifesto
tion against the national capital Of Italy, even when
Garibaldi himself assumed the lead. These spasmo-
die manifestations, which have disturbed the peace
of the country since its consolidation, have
tended greatly retard the progress Of the nation
| in its onward career The finances have been in
very dsordered condition, rendering the imposition
| Of burdensome and obnoxious taxes and monopoies
necessary to the great dissatisfaction Of the people
There have been frequent changes in the Ministry
especially since the death OF Count Cavour and the
Church party has been equally ntractable as the
extreme radical party. The evil genius OF the eX
Emperor of the French likewise weighed
| like an incubus upon the nation and itS
| ruler, and the obligations under which
he had placed the King made it impossible fol
the latter to be anything more than mere tool II
| his hands whenever he chose to dictate one polio!
or forbid the adoption of another. Napoleon is nov
| removed from the field, however, and the Frencl
troops have been recalled from Rome and Victo
Emanuel, after having labored earnestly and pa
troticsy to lead his people onward in the march z
wards more perfect civilization and rational dS
gree OF political, religious and social liberty, at las
finds himself net only at liberty, but under the ne
cessity, OF completing the great work of his life b
transferring the capital OF his Kingdom from Forenc
TO Rome.
Victor Emanuel has family of four children, tn
Princess Clothilde Marie Therese Louise, Dor
March 2, 1s43 and married, as above stated, {
Prince Napoleon, January 80, 1859; Prince Humber
Renier Charles Emanuel Jean Marie Ferdlnan
Eugene, Prince of Piedmont and heir apparent
the throne, born March ID, 1874; Prince Amadeu
Ferdinand Marie, Duke OF Aosta, born May 3O 1S45
and the Princess Marie Pa, born October ls, 1s4
and married, october 6, 1862, to Luis l. the preseI
King OF Portugal. Both OF the sons OF the King ar
also married, Humbert the elder, having espouse
the Princess Margaret of Savoy, daughter of tn
late Duke of Genoa, on the 22d OF April, 1885, Will
the younger was married to Maria, daughter of tn
Prince Of Cisterna, on the Both OF May, 1861
Plus TX, Pope OF Rome.
Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, Pope OF Ron
and head of the Catholic Church, under the title
Plus X was born in Snigaglia, May 13, 1892.
was son OF Count Groamo Solazzi. In
eleventh year he was sent TO a college at Voterr
and in 1905 went to Rome TO pursue his ecclesiastc
studies. During the French occupation he retire
to Sinigaglia but in 1914 returned to the capital al
in December, 1915, received holy orders
In 1928 he visited Chilli in company with the apo
> tolic delegate, Monsgnor MuZi, and passed tv
) years at Santiago employed In preaching and |
structiDg. Returning to Rome in December, 1872
| he received from Leo XII the appointment OF Pre-
dent OF the Hospital OF st. Michael where he 7
| mained about year and half. In 1927 he W
4 created Archbishop OF Spoleto. During the d
turbances OF 1881 he induced 1000 insurgents w
had taken refuge in Spoleto TO surrender to {