, 1870-05-09

f,ancs yezr, and tho lowest ECO francs. a
workman can board very well in Psr1s at the
snmed that he rats has nsen in rAis about
cost CT food tas risen nearly 50
nj cent since 1855. Agriculture,
I. is stated, supports more thaa bali the popn- I
lAt;on OF FTancei ind1str5 and commerce en.y
The se1e.L p1ofe.sions, OF by private naeans-
0kpAAsr-woRkNIS IN FRrss1s, AIs1H1A, ETC
The lndu.tzial code, which passed the North
German Parliament in 1868, bui which has
Gully lately come into operation. removesmAnS
obsuuctions from trade, and is working even
better than Was e1pested. It would appear
that sozuewtAt leeA than half Of the total male
and noee than half Of tho tentle heads of
families, &C.. having distinct occupation
more expecially In the rtheastern provinces OF
want of trusty faIn servants is beginning
to be severely felt BY the land-oHuets and
farmers. owing to the Development Of industry
and the increased facilities Of Iocomoeon.
Higher wages and better food than formerly
nre given. In seyerzl provinces larse bodies
Of laDorezs associate together, and nIsrato in
the summer months, The petty trsdeamcn or
a1tiaans in the Email towns, in addition to
their ordinary business, frequently turn their
hands to agriculture, bat nearly half the AIta-
Indulgence.
The practice Of travelling, OF "Tanderlng,
ash is termed, for The purpose Of completing
his technical education, is still regarded BY the
Ge1nan jou'ney1n1,n 1s - an ndlspe;nss-
Of item travelling beyond tho limits
of the fatherlsnd. EuterpHsiug iocrneImen
have every rea1 to Writ the Matchmaking es-
tabEsh1neuts Of the Jn1a, the machine manu-
factories and locknsEn5 works Of England,
dust,iA establishments OF Lyons, brussels, aud,
hbcye Ill, Paris The iourneyman usually
ca.ns almost Us much AZ petty master. The
lou1s Of labor among factory operatives are
fts too long, and greatly encourage the spread
Of socialism By tas ths greatest p tt PORTION o. o.
thzir own hotucH, FOR large commercial houses
ard manufacturers, and this c1aas Of weaTe1s
Is tole1ably well on The Silcsian hAnd-looIn
wcavera, however, are poor and badly led; OF
nunbeza I've : aissolute lie, .na have TO
bring mp Megihmzte chi9dtan... Tho miners
and Hon-Wofka,B hold IN exceptional poslhon,
as their welfare is attended to By government
officials. In the large towns the artisan
Primary education is obligatory Tor al children
e9' to l. yes1a. lie sssoci.ton. funded
by NJ. schultze-Delitsch, upon The prin' !
eiple Of cooperative credit, and Tmsi
out Germany. have, contributed N :.
eeoaaHseI questions. Tbs.sa zs sssoc;at;os,' ;,atss'
which % 1seps ps!aSg a1SElga negative policy,-an es
ge AJJe1ng the encouragement Of strikes
So the other hand, trades. unions have >-es1
formed, which arc founded On principle o.
Excluding political, religious, and intellectual
rcaserx, nd Win the eole ob!ecta Of raising ant
securing the incomes Of wo-kmen, whether I'm
invalid, orphan, sick, and st15ae funls. and O
spreading oyez n large nunbe. Of work1nen
possible IN enc brunch Of uads the hes expense @
sThoueands of vorkmen up to the, rresen
time hare j9!ned these .Gexerf.vcrs1ss, ,ssr, m
Amongst the large towns which hare epectf
reputation for e1ce.lnK IN particular usanches
for It's LsrwcTs ard sxdd1ers; DRESDEN for is tai
crs the Tallors' Academy At Dresden + much Il
Quenied By fnreigre:sl: Cologne and Ann!ea =
fringe nales1: Berlin 3nd flennA for their loc
sn.1hs. lseFloan ior ita b59nzGra, &c. hslps,
ro,ygy.ph!c al IN Ill tta branches"
Manufacturing industry il OF conpa1
lively uodetn growth In Austria, which has n
long ceased to be III agricultural country
strong movement is now taking place among
tho working elAsses Of the empire which is Q
pected to lead to the fixing OF working hou
By the Law; the reduction OF holidays, BY Y
of compensation to employers for reducn
creased educational fac1lities, both for childr
ard adults, md. perhaps, the abolition Of
evstcn, Of ce1t1fieates of discharge. At pr
ent- The working clzsses in Austria enjoy
less than sercnty-sit whole laoGdA{a in
course OF yesr, and in some Of tho pr
inces the number lie greater. 1hare ire IN
about 10o. 600 trades worlrnen in Fienna,-s
tailoss being probably tho most prosperp
The rate Of wsges exceeds 81 q u
The allegiance of tie working men
! OF II. DeItsch and the system OF the late
: Ferdinand Laaea1le-betHeen, that is, tho s
, TEN Of lsclfheIp and that OF 6tAteheip-i
LITTER being tile most populAr, and now p
sesaing most powerful organization for
(; litiS.l ;:. Pu1goses Ihe othet ths e., sehult M
J.: ly the unions OF the tsilots, setters. weave
and ribbon-nakerH, AS well is By most OF
government factories, and great number
T.. cooperative storcs, and other similar societ
Il Wothngman's Association, At Iroppau, ut
~ actively opposes the L.ssa1e theotios !,
=; hae atArtea i newspaper fthe Uni,ed Force)
:. which wsr is openly declared against
L. "sociL Democratic Programme
..M No such thing. writes Mr: Lytton, gx
-, Is COLLECTIVE orinion or collected actioI
:. the Part Of the Austrian working classes:
II "1tc ItailAnlkslmi agl;ate 10 be united 70 L
~ Imperial sonrrmacy The pauoeophic Cen
=: whose ideas are less restricted, and whose con
:. ton Of human happiness L almost boundless,
l.. tion ol III lreonvcnteut distinctions ok race
Il: ligion, and language; the suppression Of stan
sDi, 1s. s 1sI Ct pes1a IN n
~ there snal1 be perennial supply. Of artificial
!, wcl-pald wo1k; the taxaston only Of rages;
i: rc!.reaslye laMs Only for the limitation OF the
\, In Wurte1nbe1g institutions founded on
i, principles Of Herr Schultze-D Delsob, coop
5 tive stores, labor o1Beea, attisans' banks, v
II sess @aas p1oEas' H. Ts:ssR 1s4fs.a nj IL
:; tc1nbc5g is able to indulge in meat as (
y. article Ct food, though white bread Is st
i; luxury. But few weavess o1 eptnnets, IN
- rlrt Of the country, are without sc1A
ana g ,as ss ese xe ss aoa Il 1 a q
" are ptReessors Of land however minute
/. quantity
:. This acts \ great relief to the wo1
!, classes in times Of distress Or Hhen tra'
!, ellck-
+ The report from Baden is that:
-: At the present moment there Is no ~
=. employment for the lahoy1ng classes; and "a '
= ncctssasies q lie, thei1 eaad,ion cod i u goo
~ eettsr. Than Il has bccn II any previous pcslot
u. Owing u TIC large demand for labor
coahs1uctoD o. railways, nu1nbeta oE forel
:. arc eluplu!t1-7
5; The gsette1 number Of the workuen N
;, tisaus Of Hamburg are engaged for y
/, wnges bE verbsl agreement, ! Ncek's noti
il et6er eide being necessary 10 terminate
i, sxme. The average period Of work per vi
= ei1ty-three hours for artisans generally,
J.: out taking into account the occAhaonA
:. pcrformed on Sunday.
EE1a1CN, THE SKTuEnlANDE. ETC
=. The 1apo:t on the Belgium working c
da1klv painted. Fust-r1te native ~
=. Laruly, we arc told, 10 be obtsincd. Tn
- Tior band In aIl trades in Belgium is, -
i; upable to live On Ei4 wagce, and ib bad
T.; and clothed, ll-housed, caring for htt'
Lis periodical orgies. The better Wo
gets fair wages, but there is no tenrfa
lis case to foreign composition. a CO
l.: the day laborer IN Belgium il his cutt'
passing every Monday In idlenees- II
iand, t land which owes its very euste,
the ingenuity and labor Of man, WIS
CURED with pain is guarded with care =
Dutch artisan can 1--we contentealy on
would lily Eutice to satisfy tho wants
English lAboYef. Meat he rarely tast
:, he 1tiU have house to hlnase1f.-Nheu
-, miniature houses eeen in every old tcw'
i .TEc Dutch lahostI, whesnex III Geld O
4 reflects On the value Of Ills ea1cstcsys; the I
Il t4mpet4mcnt Nou1d e1pen3 In political
II n.Gt. he coLscctatts to tic Improvement
4 xwp Individual .pt; the question OF thr ht
u news II The 1ay, rossess little interest," tof
h. nr,fS.s his KlGte 10 lls newspaper, and h
=! nIcAde 10 the public, the Etadin2-footn
noli,ical meeting. Jealous to degree
i tthcrty he Already possesses, ne aoea nol
i .nIra' and psrfeFs enjoying IN peace m
i .,oca slrrady occurred 70 h!u+ 70 Hs1u
tiSeTs hicl1 bis fathers did without
!! erA1y- poHTraAL- DEEAARk, ASp "
- no4itioo Of the laboring c!ass Y
l. 5erc,;bed xa morally and pl