, 1870-04-18

7i7 SIS $50 sSszzsISN:
lI|z IL So: za=EEE|T z==z=EEEE ||T.';|1
It Elbows u loe4 per acre of s4G7 On wheat,
The acreage Of wheat In Illinois for 1868 was
returuerl at 2,iS3, ATS. The yield is reported
to Lave btcu less per acre; but il tie average
;a the hanle, the loss on wheat TO the farmers
Of that State for the Inst year, IL marketed AT
present pncea, in Fl, 59s. .ooo-a sum equal to
the cntifr NATIONAL bsnlinS CAPITAL OF tho State;
on ccru about 81, ,000, 900, and on oats about
$4,000, 600. making total loss OF Slo, ,0Vo,U30
in that State In Aing1c year. There were
le,M0, ,tGo acres Of wheat raised in 1883 in tile
waB a1Uut two bushels moro per aero than in
Illinois. This wonM reduce Tie loss to $3.50
Ter acre. and make the loss S,5. .o01 093 on
wheat in tllos States ct preEent cost and tsreea
Can the manufacturers Of salt. iron, and
woollens slos depression in their business
revision Of the tariff the duty upon articles
Heavily taxed, Of which lie II the cnicf cnu-
EI1ner, shall hc 1csscncd. II you permit him
10 reduce the cost Of production, the competi-
tion with the cheap agricultural labor Of fnt-
eiEn countries, and consequent low prices,
will not utterly destroy the agricultural inter
csts here. Ills Implements aro more expcn-
Eiyc: 10 cente in gold arc added to the pr;co
OF his borse shoes Tic salt to feed his stock
Of cure his provisions il doubled i'll price
The etove On which |iis meals arc cooked has
from II to - added to Its price for
tho duty on the pig iron it contains. He
ii the greatest Of al conKslmc.s of wrouSh.
iron aad stccl upon which the duty is
proposed to be raiec1. The coet OF the grades
of steel which enter largely into the manu-
tletnFe q plowr, reapers, mowers, averages
is Ed average Of about 1i+ cents per pound,
mailing the duty oyez 81 per cent on first cost.
Tho tariff b1u reported by tho committee pro-
poses to r2ise This duty to an average duty of
~ cents l'cr pound. THIS would increase tie
! ments to a corresponding degree.
The a!vec:tes Of high tariff cl1im tEat
tic; do it in tic interest anl for the pra.oc-
| tiun OF American labor against, as they say,
the paui'er labor Of Europe: but tbs claim is
erroneous, M far At leas: az the labor Of farm
| the world must compete with the labor OF other
PARTS OF the world 20 long us these is any intor-
Change Of r1nluct. 1ToLil,itorE lAws m.y
l.rcvcnt competition from foreign labor in re-
gard to particular em1ployments OF industries.
but go long ~ there is an exIoEtabls product
whose growth or manufacture is common to
all countries, and whose price il regulated il
part l1y the ameunt Of labor bestowed to bring
It 10 tic consumer, so long must there be 1
competition with foreign labor, and this COM
The relative reuarla Of labor between tho me-
chauic or other s1tisan abroad will determine,
to Eomc degree, the number employed in that
occupation. Tho more profitable it is the
more persons will engage in it, until tho 70
wards Of labor arc lowered and equali.ed.
The Cnitcd States produce AZ excess Of
food at'oye their own wauts. They export to
countries producing an 1etS amount yearly c1-
recGing ali export Valuation of Ssa,g0D, 6l3.
In LEGS they exported ao,ooo, ,00o hnshels Of
wheat, and tho yearly shipments Of rhcat and
aonr alone for the last thirteen years has
ranged from 15,oNo, 600 to 60,1oo .001 bushels.
Tie average cost 1t which All the Grsin- pEo-
dueinE natio lie from year to year caN produce
aud Afford to sell their wheat will determine
| the average price.
Tie frait-icls!fs Of Europe. Should diminished
| production, CT tlrarth, or Increased product;oa
| it other rIT% .1its. turn tie course OF grain
traasI.cl;a;i,,:, to- Instead Of from, this cvt,-
tra. hc ii.lst compete stil. II the labor in
1:nslaud III cheaper than the labor Of the
| United statee. and lshor in the grsia-pro-
7rc;EE rcEiof.s on THO continent still cl,carer
tE:sn in England, 70 long rs any aur,'lns wheat
of American growth il offered for sale eide l.y
eiae With continental wheat, how can the
| !,n.etirnn esr;cnt,uist prevent competition
with the cheap labor OF Eurc,,e7
i " arc t"ll flat nc must diversity orr IN
tlnstry; that the farmers cf Ohin, Illinois, In
d.ana, Iowa, Minnesota. Mich; gan, and Mis-
s.,In t4ro pto.turing too much gram: that We
| ns,let Let rome Of oEr hc.tis lie lille, anu or
! rarital invested in farm i...tienents and stock
he converted into other futasts Of r.rtal; that
tic People engaged in agricultural pursuits
] mutt l.c compelled, by imp ;tf::, heavy duties
! cn tCEmo;itieA rorsnuei- - engage in manu-
fac;ures. nistsEt from the supplies OF tho
raw material as well Of distributing centres for
| manufactured articles, without accumulated
crrital, aud with high rates for its use, the
Western farmer; driven by necessity from lis
| farm, attempting to compete with manufac-
lures in older States Possessing these a1van-
toEcs in which his State il deficient, tinis that
tie tariff to bc Of benefit to him must CON.
n,encc its protection on the shores Of ths
| northern 1akce and extent its limits to The
eastern slope Of the Aliegha11ics.
But It ia said that = reduction OF the duty or
iron, salt, aud other manufactured articles
will cheaper labor, With tho rsdnctlon tn tne
cost OF food and tic ruesns Of living. ouEh1
not and canEat manufacturing labor acYert tht
| h6mc diminished reward tLat tho aEricu1tuIa
! receives? i reduction il duties correspond
ing 10 the reduction in food and tho profits q
agriculture will not hscak down manufactures
All being lowered alike, there weu1d tv no In
| tncrncLt 10 change to business wl1cro III:
frrfits at:1 compensation were reduced in tht
| tane degree. II tho manufacturers in tht
easntrv. requiring high rrotestion 70 compete
With foreign goo1s of the same elsss. shnnlt
ce:Rc to Manufacture, but portion Of tht
I lAAo4E1S SolA40 cREASc ALA aA2oaAE AL hS
proportion would engage in other ayocatiane
The honorable gentleman from PcnnsylyA
| ni4 Mr.. Scofcld) who addressed the commit
tee elo4uehtty deecantcd upon the benefits
that manufactures conferred upon the couatr,
Iy inducing immigration Of artisans and skilled
lafoFcIs from manufacturing countries abtoad
desire to cal Attention to the following ayn
opEis Of statistics presented By the IMPORT Of tht
commissioners Of Immigration for the yea
1se9:
nearly Que Lalf, were agricultural and unslil.r,
1atcrtrs, Only s, ,50A wc5o mechanics O
.5S, ,as9 arriving in New York, 1000. one-thirt
OF the whole, went 10 the nortlxeetcIn agrl
cultural States, and e5,ot1 remained in Ser
York city or State.
There arc is immigrants that high TAI!
is bringing to oar shores. II shows conlasive
i hat tic effect Of restrictions Oh imports o
Manufactured goods Is not TO send us an III,
migration exclusively Of skilled lanorese, bn
chiefly Of 'snskilled and asracaIls1nral iaooEesr
+ and this Ii what we may expect from the Com
. Taratiyc ability OF skilled and unskillcd labo
, in securing employment 1t honae. Superi5
intelligence aud skill arc priced in every ava
| caiian- II work is slack or suspended IN on
trade. tho pkil1ed tsl.orer can successfully CON
J ! rctc with the unskilled in the loHc-.rEice
! | cnrIoymeuts. His intelligence and disciplia
soon mako him 1aore valuable IN the new eE1
r!oymeut, and the unsldlled 1asaoFcf is SGT asil
), for the better Workman The rewards
labor are 1owered from the highest down, an
not merely the artisan but the peasant lahore
| ncst accept legs compensation. The inducA
nent 70 crniSratc will not DO greater fo1 n
: Ekiuc<1 thsn the unatillea. It will dercn
upon the strength Of horlc ties which d1s
emig1ate4. In fact il would L+<ome \ nte,ss
sitv sooner with the unskilled. becausa whe
tho comrettion Of the skilled labor has dt
. rrived hira Of employment there is no othf
= lower grade which he can eeek at home "
: know, from observation, tilat large rloportlo
= Of the immigrants psss directly TO The. Wc'
md engage in Agricultural production.
;, An increase Of manufacturing here has NJ
!. | diminished the amount Of our Agricultural FIJI
- = plus, OF scnsi3lv increased tho rtics OF any {
- The e1pc1tablc farm products II IL has dlnil
ished manufacturing abroad it has either d17yt
more Aborezs there to agricultural pursuit
r in this countr,r, Or it h1s driven men to tn
Il country who seek agricultural pursuit. - We
|. as other avocationy, md increase the 1a1
: producta Of this country.
~ Tho honorable eent1emtn from New ior
r tMF Mccarthy. y in his argument in favor
l. the Ias'I bill reported hr thc commit
:. eaitis
t To-day. as the rcsult OF protective tari
.. We are supplied with most articles OF colt
"a | and woollc1 fabtlca, With merchantable ir
~ and eteea and theis products, With iron Al
80 etee raiis, And salt, from domestic industry,
az a. a price which eompels the foreign importer
~ auctions in competition With our own. Salt. l
III domestic production Of Which hss ircreas
er from Il, O0O, 600 to q, 900 900 bushels. xnl
foreign diminished only about 1.5On 900 bus
sh els under the present tari6, has fallen In pri
s- ty reason Of domestic competition to \ low
point than II YES in 1850 in most Of the lea
ID ms markets Of the country: In New York
70 l YcSso ,sN ea1A ~ earfR h, II