The weekly Panola star. [volume] (Panola, Miss.) 1857-1881, 1870-12-17

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maHIHsfal 0I ihe pafi III f0nFlt IH fhr
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iie fiIif0la al TO- tuIfai o.aiea falm nlU
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rphsi flutes natural outlet tn iht a.H
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lalI thlHainl iHhsliifHi.. auI tIh uH
afsf.mio ionn1re vi ri li r'H.. ua.
Ne eafcrs which discharge in'0 &C. IhH
lopiru commerce of iheir porte Un 'ia
valem u oJFn lu British compel i9B lul
thc MAJOR port rf it is done in riH.b lHi
toms 10 ths AmaFle4l saauHaH H els
. clultd from ihis natural atruuH il ihr
ocean, thc monopoly of ihc direct C1n
mercc NJ the lakO ports with tlc At'HuIIr
would hc in foreign hands Choir Vessel. uu
the trans Atlantic voyages having ON nr
cess W. uur like ports, which WHiil Oh de-
niCi 90 American vtss n ON simIl1r vpy.
ages. To stre such o proposition Is to Co..
flute iis Justice. During the nlmini.iui
ton Of John Quincy Adams, Nc
Clay mquestionahly demonstrated the
natural right Of the citizens Of the
United States TO the navigation Of the
river, claiming that the net ol the Congres.
of Vienna in opening the Rhine and other
rivers To all nations. showed the Judgment
Of European iurists and statesmen tina,
the inhabitants Of q country through
which a navigable river passes have d
natural right to enjoy the ulyiga.
ton of that river, TO and into the sea
even though passing through the terri
tory of another power. This right does moi
exclude the cO-equal right of the sovereign
possessing the territory through which tho
river debOuches into the sea, TO make sucl
regulations relative to the policy Of the
navigation as may be reasonably necessary
But those regulations should be framed IN
q liberal spirit of comfy, and should i'm
f pose no needless burdens upon the com
morce which has the right of transit, j
has been found in practice more advan
tageous TO arrange these regulations by
mutual agreement. The United States ar,
ready to make any reasonable arrange
ment as to the navigation Of the 81. Law
, renee which may be suggested by Grea
/, Britain. If the claim made by Mr.. Cha,
was just when the population Of the State
bordering on the shores of the lakes WA
) only 3,400,000, it o derives greater fore,
E and equity from the increased population
wealth, production and tonnage of th,
t States on the Canadian frontier.
: Since Mr.. Clay advanced his argumen
!. in behalf Of our right, the principles 70
. which he commended have been ifequentl,
s and by various nations recognized by Law
4 or by treaty, and have been extended t
c several other great rivers. BY the treat
concluded at Mayence in 1881, the Rim
T. was declared free from the point where
!, is first navigable into the sea. BY the COZ
vention between Spain and Portugal, cor
n cluded in 1885, the navigation of Oh
Dourse throughout its whole extent WI
made free for the subjects of both crown,
In 1853 the Argentine Confederation
n by treaty, threw open the free nav
c CATION of the Parana and Uragua
to the merchant vessels Of all M
tons. In 1856 the Crimean wa
Il was closed by a treaty which provided 70
the free navigation of the Danube. |
1868 Bolivia, by treaty, declared it regarG
ed the rivers Amazon and La Plata, /
|. accordance with fixed principles Of nation
IS al law, as highways or channels opened b
h nature for the m Of all nations.
t. In 1889 the Paraguay was made free b
h treaty, and in December, 1866, the En-
peror of Brazil, by imperial decree, d
clared the Amazon to be open to the frOi
/. tier of Brazil to the merchant ships of a
{. nations.
1t The greatest living British authority 0
y this subject, while asserting the abstraC
3 right of the British claim, a Y It seem
d difficult to deny that Great Britain ma
ground her refusal upon strict law. Bt
it is equally difficult to deny, first, that i
so doing she exercises harshly an extrem
and hard law second, that her conduC
with respect to the navigation of the s
n Lawrence is in glaring and discreditabl
inconsistency with her conduct with II
spect to the navigation Of the Mississippi
d on the ground that she possesses a sma
domain In which the Mississippi took il
rise. She insisted on the right to nav
L.. gate the entire volume of its waters, 0
a the ground that she possesses both bank
of the st. Lawrence where II disemboucl
es itself into the sea. She denies to tn
United States the right of navigation
though about n half Of the waters {
d Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron and Superic
and the whole of Lake Michigan, throug
which the river flows, are the property {
Y the United States.
e The whole nation is interested in seouI
ta~ x11n. -, l.1 -A4s-. r.. -
tural States Of the West to the Atlantl
seaboard. TO the citizens of those State
1t secures a greater return for their labo
e To the inhabitants of the seaboarl 1t olTel
T. cheaper food to the nation an increase i
the annual surplus of wealth. 1t is hope
that the Government Of Great Britai
n will see the justice of abandoning the ma
row and inconsistent claim to which he
o Canadian provinces have urged her aG
herence.
\, OCEAN NAVIGATION.
o Our depressed commerce is a subject {
n which / called your special attention Q
i the last session, and suggested that W
Y will in the future have to look more {
q the countries south Of us, and TO Chin
and Japan, for its revival.
b Our representatives to all these Coy
ernments have exertcd their influence {
: encourage trade between the United State
and the countries to which they are az
r credited but the fact exists that the cal
$ rying is done almost entirely in foreig
bottoms and while this state of affair
exists we cannot control our due share d
the commerce Of the world. That betwee
i the Pacific States and China and Japan
about all the carrying trade now conduct