The New York herald., 1870-06-03

II the volunteers strike for independence the
authority OF spain is destroyed. They compelled the
resignation OF Captain General Duce, because he
was too lenient Ii the conduct OF the war They
boldly threaten the removal OF General DE Rodas il
ne iails 10 SATISFY their demands. They secured the
promotion OF Valmaseda at the very moment when
our government were receiving assurances from
Spain that the cruelties TO which he owed his
gard al laws and all authority which Is not in
accord with their sanguinary principles anu pur-
poses. Few or none are natives OF Cuba. They swarm
from every part OF Spain In search of wealth. None
remain Id the land they piunder co live among the
people they have wronged. Small fortunes generally
satisfy ther desires but they often accumulate great
wealth, according to their aspirations and capacity
They are unacfompaned by families and unre-
rate Classes Of spau ne US. asp
diplomatic representative OF this government lately
u.S s RsH as public as
scribes the volunteers as being, with some honor-
able exceptions, advepturers, or whom one-naf az
least are spanish convics and desperaaoes and The
ruling power In the island;n aud he states fur
ther that every intelligent man with whom he con-
versed-Spaniards, volunteers, Cubans, foreigners
proclaimed the fact. They are said 70 be upon other
autIcrlty generally without religious culture or edit
cation an 81 sSy1I low moral naraeer Tney attain
monopollze the dignitiea. 0fices and emoumentS OF
the church; they control all commercial employ.
the patronage OF every grocery tavern and hostelly
in the interior OF the island they occupy to the ast
man, every appointment and post OF civil or mil
lary administration; they are the proteges and
and me Save srade and d0iSHSs i%pstapo s''sSy sn
foreigners, who are or necessity hostile tyranny
monopoly, slavery and the slave trade. They have
s a sSs1Gs aa a%s ss Ss
generally cytans or Foreigners. fha Saaa!syds ore
advocates Of icense and enemies of law: the Cnbans
I q aw na S se% Of esns Tny
arc owners or land but they share no government
employ, none Of the dignities, ofces Or emoluments
n nf thn nslN ttaun sNf
trade and commerce, and none OF The mmupiues
which elsewhere attach 10 the cultivation OF the
is prohibited; brcadstuifs from the United States
and other prolucts grown In Spain are excluded or
purdened with heavy duties for the benefit of Span
i . qp1a y and d1Ys Ye es sSHnsseT and iRRSs Rsads
in Spain anil aiAass large fortunes besides. Nothing
attaches tnsm to CUBA nothing weans them from
back even The annual increase Of their capt
lal, and, at The close OF their American
nothing 10 The isand they abandon but a numerous
progeny OF mixed blood, which s generally sold To
slavery. And this has been the history OF spanish
Europe since colonies were recognized as an ee.
ment Of civilization: Coming from among the most
desperate classes OF Spain, the Catalan volunteers
return to their native land laden with il-gotten
wealth. improved by an Imperfect education picked
UP 10 an sS rsdfeS Ey q or
OF political power, they fight against liberty and
equality, against all just PRINCIPLES OF government
corruption In administration, monopoly In trade
tyranny IN the government, and the perpetual SER
yitude and slavery Of the Spanish people, and into
the hands oi such the responsible power OF govern
ment in Cuba has fallen. Wanderers from Spain,
commorant only IN Cuba Indifferent TO the interests
OF the island and regardless OF the rights of it's
people, no principle and no power imposes upon
them restraint.
TIE IMPOTENCE OF SPAIN
Our consular officers IN Cuba are commercial agents
only without diplomatic powers or authority. We
canno Of right insist upon the recognition OF our
political interests IN the government Of the island
Our diplomatic relations are with Spain, not with
Cuba. Our inquiries and protests must he commu-
nicated to Madrid, reported TO Cuba, returned to
Spain and transmitted again 10 the United
and wasting months OF time before either
news OF the other and then the circuit is
to be repeated, it may be many times before
success IN gaining the favor OF the Spanish govern
,fent may cause defeat Of our rights in Cuba 'The
government Of Spain Is impotent for the protection
o! our citizens" says the Secretary Of State. The
moderation OF the home government and the SYM
pathy OF Americans for Cuba, which ought TO modify
Vino can wonder that Cubans revolt against such
rulers and fight against such iniusticeS How long
are we required to shut our eyes TO facts which are
patent 10 all the world and endure indignities
before practlsed on any nation Such grave events
covering = period OF eighteen months, show al
affecting in every way the rights, the In
terrsts and the honor Of the American govern
ment That condition Is described by the Spanish
officials and American representatives "anarchy.
II Is not war merely but the prosecution OF hosti
| ties by men without restraint of the law or th
| authority OF government. IL Is barbarous ant
| bloody interneclne war. II is unnecessary to as
sumo that this disregard Of authority and decency Il
in accordance with the wishes OF the present govern
menof Spain, or that It makes professions OF regards
for the rights OF the United States at Madrid
Cuba. ON the contray. the character OF its
military force in Cuba, the Oiiicia declarations OF
M ne Officers OF the United states ana OF spain, and
the war, prove conclnsyely that the government OF
Spain In Cuba is unable 10 conquer the people o
cuba, TO suppress the rebellion, TO enforce its
authority, to secure the observance OF It's orders
among the Spanards. even 10 support its own ON
GERS to protect the rights OF foreign nation or 10
punish crimes which the civilized world must con
denn.
Duty or THE UNITED STATES.
What then, is the duty OF the United states
Clearly TO recognize the actual condition of anairs
and 10 take such measures prescribed by tn,
peaceful. permanent government can be established
II Is no longer 'civil cOmmOtion," as 1t beer
hitherto regarded by the United States, mere
domestic question" as II is represented by thu
| Spanish government. 1t is protracted ant
atrocozs c!yl war. civil comnlotion Is directed
| against individuals or against civil magistrates
II may reaeh the standard OF sedition or insurrec
ton, Ia which sovereign may be disobeyed but
Is still crime to be suppressed and punished BY
state authority, without intervention and withou
| Affecting rights OF foreign governments civl
war, on the contrary, Is contest Of arms between
those who obey him on the other in regard to which
the action .d9 OF foreign governments may become
necessary. III IL sufHClent, NatLe says
'that the macontents have some reason to take uT
arms fin order that the disturbance should be called
civil war; and not rebellion" lvattel Nv. g. ch. ls
900 1861 The people Of Cuba present the best rea
sons for the contest they urge IL has every claim tt
| the sympathy and support Of the friends o
| liberty, equality and justice. Il IS race
| struggling for independence-an enslaved people
cOntending for ibertya nation fighting for national
| existence The contest in which they are engaged
has all the attributes OF barbarOus and bloody civil
| war aggravated by the disorders and crimes OF
anarchy Our first duty s 10 treat IL as war, and tr
accordance with the laws OF nations to declare
maintain in regard to the parties engaged therein
strict and impartial neutrality. "A civil wal, Waite
| says, "is when q party arises In State which nc
! longer Obeys the sovereign and Is sufficiently
! strong to make head against him, or when, in
! republic, the nation Ia divided into two opposite
| factions, and both sides take up arms. -
| Civil war breaks the bonds OF society and Of the
| government. IL gives rise In nation to two indie
pendent parties who acknowledge no common
Judge. They are In the position Of two nations
who engage In disputes and being able to recon
cie them. have recourse to arms. The common law,
of war are In civil wars to be observed on both
sides. The same reasons which make them obiga
tory between foreign States render them neces
ann trUu Vrrfo wha~a