The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1870-09-30
The Past Two Centuries in Relation
to the Places in D ispute..The Orig
in and Progress of Prussia.

stipulations during the past two centuries
in respect to the great battle fields OF the
present European war, and especially in
relation to the origin and progress oil
Prussia.
On the Gath Of October, 164s, the Peace
ofWcstphalia concluded the famous Thir'
ty Years War. This was religious war,
and the Chief result was tho establishment
of the equality ofthe three religious COM
munitics Of Catholics, Luthcrans and Cal.
yinists in Germany. Some territorial
changes were made, and the German Diet
obtained tho power Of deciding matters
relating to war or peace, taxation, legtsla'
ton, SC, instead Of merely advising, rs
before.
France acquired by this treaty tho bisl.
opriCs Of Metz, Toul, Vcrdun, the town oil
Pignerol, tho fortress Of Breisach, and the
Landgravatc of Upper and Lower Alsace
all to be independent Of the German
Empire-also the Jurisdiction over ten I'm
perial towns in Alsace, and the right to
occupy tho fortress of Phillipsburg. a
number of German States had territory
confirmed to them or received by way Of
compensation.
Here we find Prussia in embryo. To
the Elcctor OF Brandenburg were assigned
the bishoprics DIindon, Halberstadt and
Camin, and the archbishOpric OF Maggie
burg rs q duchy, in exchange for territory
which he coded TO Sweden.
This peace arrested the progress OF
Germany toward national unity under tho
Catholic banner, and prepared the way
Tor the subsequent development oil Prussia,
the child Of the Reformation, which thus
became the natural head Of tho Prostes-
tant party, and tho political rival Of the
House of Austria, which still maintained
her ancient position as the temporal Chief
Of the Catholic body. France and Swe-
den were introduced rs gtlarantors OF tho
peace, and Sweden WIS admitted as q
member OF the Federal Gcrmanic body
thus giving these two powers u perpetual
right Of interference in the internal affairs
Of Germany.
The German States could form any alli-
auces among themselves, or with other
powers not 10 the prejudice Of the Ger
man Empire, nor contrary to TIC public
peace, or that Of Westphalia. This peace
rendered tho German federation O new
security for the general balance Of Eu-
ropean power. Situated in the centre
otEurope, the Gcrmanic body served to
maintain the independence and tranquil
ty Of the neighboring States.
BY the treaty Of Olivia, near Dantzlg,
Nav 9Th, 1860, Poland renowned all claim
to the crownof Sweden, reCoveredsuprem-
acy over Curland and certain towns given
up to Sweden, Esthonia and great part
OF Levonia, and lost the Suzcrainty Of tho
Duchy OF Prussia, which was given to the
Elector of Brandenburg. This is another
stride toward q great Prusslan Empire
which Is seeking to complete itself by the
extraordinary Victories she has recently
achieved
By treaty of June Goth, 1870, the Elec-
tor of Brandenburg restored TO Sweden
what he had conquered from her.
The Peace Of Ryswlc, September Both
1907, closed u ten years war between
France and the principal powers in Eu'
rope. Louis XIV. restored Lorraine "a
the German Empire, together with his
conquest on the east bank Of the Rhine
and was acknowledged rs having the SOW
crcignty over the Franchc.COmte and AL
sace, with Strasburg.
The German Empire comprised Austria
and Spain, with such slight influence over
all Germany as had been provided for by
treaties.
By the treaty Of I2astadt, March 9th
INA. the ElcctOr of Brandenburg was
acknowledged King Of Prussia, and part
Of Gueldcrs, Ncufchatcl, in Switzerland
and Valangin, were coded TO him. 1t Is
therefore only 1850 years since Prussia was
acknowledged as q State with o King.
Still she was not completely independent
since she was in respect to her external
relations largely subject to the German
Federation, Swith Austria at the head. Hel
complete Independence was not secured
until 1866, when King William turned
Austin out Of tho Diet, and virtually took
charge of 1t himself.
BY the treaty Of February 1st, 1920, Prus
sia acquired Of Sweden, Stctttn and Othel
territory, or two million rtX dollars
Sweden yielded her influence in Northern
Europe to Prussia and Russia,
In 1888, by treaty, between Austria
France and Spain, tho DuChy Of Lorraine
and Bar was coded to tho King OF Poland
fathcr.in.law to Louis XIV, with the dcvo'
luton of title to France.
In 1749, by the treaty Of Berlin, Austria
renounced 10 Frederick Of Prussia Upper
and Lower Silesia and GlOtz, which he
had seized, aud in December, 1745, the
remuneration WINS reafIlrmed. Saxony re-
nounced her claims to certain lands to
Prussia, and agreed to pay her million
thNlGrs.
On the 10Th Of February, 1863, tho
peace Of Hubcrtsburg closed the ccIehrat-
I'd seycn years war which Austria and
her allies had so desperately waged
against Prussia, whose population was
only about five millions. Frederick SO.
cured all he had by the treaties Of Drcs'
den and Berlin, d.
In 177e was madc tho first partition Of
Poland between PRUSSIA, Russia and Aus.
tria. Prussia obtained Polish Prussia, ex-
cept Dantzig and Thorn, and part Of
Great Poland to tho river Netzc. In area
Austria got four times as much, and Rus.
Bin 1IN LIllG9 ID uluCn 10 lAoShhs
On the 9Th Of August, 1901, the sovcr-
eigns Of Austrin and Prussia signed dec.
laTatIon at Pilnitz OF their determination
10 interfere with the French revolution,
and they summoned other powers to join
them. - .''' 'H'4''N ''NN@
In 1908 was formed tho coalition Of
nearly all Europe against France This
fO1lnyvad tho RYNnufion nf mia XVI
January 81.
On tho Gath Of February, 1903, the Sec
ond partition Of Poland was made, Prus.
sla acquiring DantEig and West Prussia.
In 17O6, January 8, occurred the third
partition Of Poland, when that once
powerful nation ceased TO exist. Prussia
acquired Warsaw and It's environs. The
| Vistula formed the boundary between