The New York herald., 1870-02-14

| ANY form OF heatng apparatus " Wnich TUG pro
ducts oi the combustion OF coal are Admitted Into
tne air Vi building 10 o serious source OF unhealth
iulness, not only account oI tns caroonlc ACID IN
4 troduced, put on accvlnG OF the more danaeroua
products OF imperfect combustion. OF which car.
] 6onc oxide is cneLe-Insr rnstDg OF pipe IN tne
AR chamber OF furnace nas oeeu known 10 poison
.vap0rs wHieh escapeu from tfs hot air aues. A
Dra1er OF GOALS nsatea, Tor the express purpose o.
| iAtod 10 uestrOy Inc tnan such an accidcn
| Ial occurrence. Ihe gas winch Ourns with q b.ue
Ialr on Toe surface Oi coal - carboDic OXIDE IL Il
generated whenever fresh coal Is placed upoi 10
unLlt the whole mass Is lgniteu When the Qur
OF stove ,or furnace IL opened sight exposoh Is
heard, and blue name plays over Ihe BACK surface
of fresh coal; wnLe the door was smut carb0nir
oXida was abundantyi genefateu. aud closed
daiper or lmperfect draught WAS, perhaps, Lur aAg
THIS subtle po,sJn into tue air to be uieatsd Il
atucksthe RED particles OF the blood, ana It's pros
trating effect Sexperienced hong after the occur
renee 0t exposure. Thns F,.er t.
BRE .THiNG, LlGlIi1Nd AND WARNING
are oil attended with products which expose life
thelr dcletcr0us agencies 70 Yssa4I tile heatu 81
large number5, careless and unSusplcOs Of danYer.
suffering. oat not knowing where 20 look Tor tue
Cause O Luetr 0lsconiorL. Mitn these facts ws1
Known ueiaied ny sanitarlans I'll tue ears 81
many hearers are weary, public ana private build
erenoe TO Ventilation. ~ Is ~ the past that the
hxnest triunpns 0i architectlte belong. Tho croa-
Of chemistry ~ s s nss % 81 Ins In
arcnisocthre and hygiene have not wrongnt nanu In
hand SO W to harm0nize lhe demands OF Dotn.
AErHoDs EMrL0yED IN THE DETERMINATION or TIE
AaOUNr OF CARB0NlC ACID IN TaE AIR.
There are three principal metnodsf BY which the
nmbnnt Of carbolU Acd IN given quantity oi air s
dessrm.ned-Firss. the mel oi Brunner; second,
the nrtnOu OF negnxulI and lOf Bunscn anu Lnlrd,
,tae taeti0t oi DE iSaussure and OF fettenkoner.
Fnss--By Brunners inesuoda the air to 20 exam.
inesi ~ frst dried by passing II through tuba hed
with Vi calcium with fragments 0i pumice
Etono soaked III suIpnu. ic acid.l ana then passed
through SECOND tube uiled wata irag OF caus-
tic poasAg Toe lncrease Of. weigaI Of the second
tuos gives the amunt vi carlonic acid In the guam
thy OF sir transmitted through IL lt' -
SacOad--ILe me. nod OF keynau.t. and or Bunsen
consists III Transferring th6 air To We auAyzed 70
graduated LuDe over mercury and absorDlng Car
uonio acid by te Introduction Of s0uti0a OF caus
TIC potash, the aiRinu,i0n III the volume OF tile air
being measured ~ The level Of the mercury In the
gradaaied tuDe. A Convenient apparatus for this
lAotnou QI analysis, which nave used III pnySi0lu-
gcai reseaIcaes, consists o tube between two and
Lnree leeL long and mercury batn, wllh deep well
attached. The tuoe IS nled with mercury aud In.
vertea over the BAN, we the air Is transferred 70
It, The tube Is then sunk IN the well unn acquires
the temperature the mercury. wnen The volume OF
Tue air Is read OF GA Tue graduated SCALE dehnite
quantity OF soluIlon OF caustic potash Is then Ia To
duced ana The volume Oh Inc cabonic ACID absorbed
Is reau oil as before after feainersioa IN tae aer-
Cary has made tlie nporalure 0 The lube dentical
win tait ~ the former reading. .e..
Tard-fn the metuod OF Pettenxo1er the air u In
trounceu WIN giass une os,etaer with suiutl0n
oi caustc baryt O dennitc strength. The akalinity
or the balyta solution h diminished In proportion 10
Tue amoult OF Carbonate OF DarYta formed and Will
be neutraizea BY prop0rtionaiiy less quantity OF
given soGsion oi oX.lilc acd Chus furnishing the
Va al bCCuIulc CALCULATION VI tnt
Of carDon.c acid III the ali OF the globe. Fetten-
koiIrr's method Is superior TO those ia which the
carDonlc acid Is dcteruineG ny weighing the amount
OF Carbonate found, III DE SaussuTe5 plaL as Lne
Danger "a absorption OF carbouic acid from the at
niQspaere III tue processes or bitertns aud drying
the precipliaie 1Vr the balance Is here avoiueu.
sI4aJs METHOD OF analysis ADOPTED.
Other anu more important Official duties demanded
that me nelllua analysis adopted should be easy
o. exe9ahon ana u = p.oser % 70 STATE tnat IN :ae
raLner taidn tilo rehlemeats o delicate scienrhc re-
search therefore at nrst Inade use OF the ,aetiod
Oi kcgnaalt anu Bunsel. 1nat OF Drummer requires
greater aunitity or air than could be conveniently
culiecJed the midst OF crowded audiences; gnat
oi fettenKoner demands che patience ana trainlug
oil the Eab0ratory.i But kegnaults metn0d was
found Inadequate. The Quantities of carbon1c acid
weic tOo Snail IN most Instances To be accurately
md 'ca4eti the graduated tube j therefore de-
vlsea tne following modncaSlon OF this pr0cess:-
ta#~s 49, TIE APPARATUS stt@
consists Of wide.moutIed glass da3k, holding 15o
wncl, Is iIiaac ID nc closely and IS perforated by
glass tu1e. The tube rising from the moutn OF the
hask IS pent at an acute angle ana descends by the
SIDE oi tne nasE. IL Is graduated 80 that cacn Gl-
VISION OF ITS descending portion holds one ten. thou
saaush part Of the capacity oil the apparatus.
a ISOLATION vi causiic potash IS introduced into
the. Ilasa after the Ar to be apal,zed has
been transferred TO IL, ana the Whole ap-
ture or the room IN which the EXPERIMENT.
Is made. When the apparatus has remained
no long immersed that tere Is no longer increase
Volume Of the taned air from elevation of
temperature tue Task lifted from the water, the
bulk fs broken by a smart tap on tne eide OF the
flask, ana is at once rcnmersed IN The water
According to tno anonnt o carOonic acid In the ar
oil the asX and the strength oi The solution OF caus
tic potash the Waler rlJes either quickly or slowly ia
the tuDe, anu r.ses IN just sucn quantity as the car
bOalc acid Is Absorbed, wnichis read on the gradu.
ased scale attached to tbs tube. Experience has
SHOWN that certain precautions are necessary to
secure accurate results but the method ~ Simple
and easy OF employment. not longer than fifteen
pclng required Tor each analysis.
1t Is desiraDe have the apparatus and contained
air 1T q snnay lower temperature than that Of the
room and VI The water batn before the hrst immsr-
SON. oIoer that The graduated tube may be empty
for the OF The water wnen the bulb Is broken.
Tue water bath ought to be at the temperature OF
~ room, ior ls the period OF time required
10 withdraw the apparatus aud break the 0uib, "
wouid stih DC long enough TO change the volume OF
Tue ar IN the flask II there were much difference OF
temperature in the two media. The water IN the
water bath must he agitaLed from time TO time du-
ring the Irst Immersion, 80 that tue mask may not
una on reip'merslon different stratum and = alf.
IercnI temperature. however slight Tho flask must
not be touched with the hand as Its heat Is at once
colnuunIcaleI, increasing the volume OF tue air III
the FLASK. The lask should contain few drops OF
water DeGore the hrss Immersion. sIsC
Beloie employing TINS method for purposes OF
ANALYSIS ar OF public buildings Its accuracy
was tested iii several ways. When a specimen OF
yitiaied air was dLuted with an equal quantity oi
pure air, as ming led with twice or three times
lis volume OF tue sane the analysis would give the
proper proportion oil carbonic acid Tor each dulion.
Air uepryed VI its carbonic acid BY caustic potash
showed absorption under analJ SIS, while the at
mOspucie OF tie city yielded varying proportions UP
to one part IN thousand the smallest amount being
present. during stOrus ot wind and ram, when only
- parls UUU indicated. When larger quaL-
tltles vi eau be procured q flask ot larger sl1e
can b. used with results still more accurate.
SCHOOLS, THEATRES, HALLS, CHURCHES, CoUET
ROOMS, HOSPITALS, &C.,
were examined, DuL Lie Drst Two occupied most
attentlon. Those VINO would not be shocked II thea
tres were ten-loid more mephllc IMAM tney are
would Uenand tnat our schools should not add ona
2voiaabe source OF unneatniuness 10 the neccssai
evils oi bodily confinement and restraint ana 0f
forced aud sLralteneu intellectual activity. l had
myself watched apaticnt, child, Iallng III tren9tn
aud falling into al health, WE0m traced 10 q back
parlor, where with lOrty others, he was daily eX-
posed to the worst evlls Oh want OF ventilation;
and learned OF other Instances In winch teach
eis OF excellent reputation had altogelner over
looked or Lnderyaiued The fundamental require
ment or o wholesome medium IOr the de-
veDpment OF the mental powers oil their
pupls. It was not designed that these IN.
ycstigaiion5 should be made To yield no
practical result In CORRECTION Of the evils they
uisclosed 1t was planned thai Oh the report oil IN
adequate ventilation IN any place OF puDlfc resort,
uic rooms should be examined by the engineer Of
the Doard os Health, and the simplest method oi
adequate ventilation ia each instance having been
recommended tnRt the board should require tue