davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25
Earth Closets and the Sewage QueS-
finn

We have, as our readers are well aware,
taken strong ground in favor of the earth
closet as a substitute for the water closet !;
and have based our opinion both upon SAN
itary and economic considerations. 1t ap-
pears to us, however, that the Immense
Importance of this subject has not seized up
on the public mind, and that it fails to be
appreciated, except by such as have given
special attention to the subject of sewage.
We find this subject fully discussed in all
its bearings in the technical journals, and
numerous plans-sOme of them Of the most
impracticable characterize proposed but
the popular press in this country has been
content to drop the subject otter a brief dis
cussiOn, and leave the matter to whatever
issue destiny has reserved for it.
In our opinion no current topic is freight
ed with such import the question of cut
ting off the enormous drain or fertilizing
matter now permitted to contaminate them
and the atmosphere which sweeps over them.
To inventors the earth closet system opens
a wide field for Improvement, one in which
few patents have been taken; and the sue
cess, which will in our opinion ultimately
attend the convenience and comfort secured
Nv iye dietafIs OF the earrn closet system as
they exist at the present date, have already
been placed before our readers but it NAV
not be amiss to quote from recent article
of Prof. Charles A. Soy, of Columbia Col
lege, the following comprehensive summary
of its advantages
The disinfecting property of dry earth
humus, clay, charcoal, peat, bone black,
ashes, and other solid substances, has long
been known, and all of these bodies have
been applied in one way and another for the
prevention of bad odors, fer the filtration o.
wafer and absorption of gases. The bodies
OF the dead have, with most nations, been
buried beneath the soil, and thus all danger
likely to arise during their decay has been
removed.
East, necessity has impelled the inhabitants
to have recourse to the same principle in the
disinfectiDg of all fecal matter but in a
sparsely settled country great carelessness is
apt to creep in and to maintain its supremacy
long after large increase of population i'm
peratively demands as much care in the re-
moval of all excremental matter as it does in
the proper disposition of dead bodies.
The action OF dry earth is not only chem
ical but physical, and consists mainly in the
absorption and removal of the water neces-
sary to the decay of organic substances the
formation of dangerous gases is thus prevent
ed and the animal matter Re. left to a slow
decay (combustion) and no odors can arise
A small amount of earth is sufficient to
disinfect considerable Quantity of putrfd
or offs nsiye matter, and for this reason its
use has tee1 strongly Recommended in hos
pitfalls in cases of bad sores and wounds.
The recent learned researches of BITTEN
kefer on the causes ofxtppus and. cholera
have led TO the conclusio1 leLet these danger
GUS diseases prevail in regions where the
water from sewers, outhouses, sinks, etc.,
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

COOP FEED FOR Coop BUTTER-I once
bought dairy of twenty tubs of butter. a II
made from the same cows the same season
and by the same person. Some eight tubs
were good, sound yellow butter; some eight
more of it was very Light colored and soft
with a disagreeable flavor; some four tubs
shaded down from yellow to white. and the
color the index of quality. Careful investi-
CATION developed the fact, that he good but
ter was made from good, grain feed and the
poor, later in the season, when the grass had
failed from drought, and the COWS lived upon
briars and leaves. A man changed the feed
of his cows from corn meal and hay to pota-
toes and hay it lessened the quantity of
butter, and the color was lighter. Hence
rheimportance Of good fred. Il is profitable
to- feed corn meal at al times, excepting
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

CLEANING CELLARs.-Rainy weather is so
common in this month that we must plan to
do little work in rainy days, that we should
otherwise have to take time to do by and by
when we shall want to be blowing and plant
ing. Among the work of this kind that we
can do any rainy day, and, consequently, do
not usually do until it cannot be neglected
any longer, are the ozerhauling the vegeta-
bles IN the cellar and carrying out all that
have begun to decay, all cabbage stumps, and
the dirt that was carried in last fall on the
root crops; and the selecting (if you have
not already attended to that of such as you
expect to use for seed The sooner this is
done the better, for, beside saving the time
the presence of this decayiDg vegetation
(there is much of it, even in the dirt, in the
shape of small fibrous roots) is very injurious
to the health of the family living over 1T.
Many families suffer from fevers and other
disorders in the spring Of the year that might
be directly traced TO this cause, and yet they
do not know they are committing saicide by
neglectiDg to clean out and air the cellar
under the rooms On which they live Many
a housewife ecours and cleans until she al
most sernks herself through the 4oor .ifite
cue ctfitr, tnd YET lives II an ar arlEn,. from
that cellar more impure than if she kept the
cow and mig in the corner of her living room
1t would be much better if the vegetable
cellar was not under the house at all, but
under the wo6d-house, corn barn, or even
under the barn itself, and then let nothing
but the fruit and such articles as will not SO
badly faint the air be kept in the house
cellar.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

WHEN TO Sow GRASS SEED.-It has been
the practice of most farmers to SOW grass
seed in the spring, with wheat, barley or
cats This will do if land is in good condi-
ton to seed down in April or early in May
but when the land is too wet to work until
late in May or early in June, it is better
70 sow grain without grass seed. and when
che e5~--'s. a. taken on, Pfow fn etsO oEuobIc,
put on the manure, sow on the grass seed
and lay the land down smooth 1t is better
for the following reasons :-lst The Young
grass will make more vigorous growth than
when sown late in May, with grain, because
the grain will grow up quick and overpower
the young grass, which will be but feeble ar
best. And when the grain is taken off. il
will sometimes die out by drought and the
heat of the sun, and if it does not die it will
make but sickly growth.
I'd. The land is generally drier in August
and IN better condition to seed down. and il
puts the stubble out of the way, and farm
ers have more time to do the work well
Sd. Farmers can grow their own seed for
less than half the present high price.
Therefore, farmers that have land in grass
and no grass seed on band, would do well to
wait until grass seed grows before seeding
down, and let spectators keep their seed for
their own use until they are glad to sell at
fair price. D.Y
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

FOUNDER IN HoRsEs--Benjamin w. Wood
writes the Southern CHltiUdtor as follows.-
'' Many years ago L learned cure for foun-
der in horses which is go simple, and has
proved so successful in my hands, that
send it to you, thinking it may be of service
to some of your readers. Clean out bottom
Of the foot thoroughly, hold up the leg so as to
bring the bottom of the hoof upward, hold
ing it up firmly in a horizontal position, and
pour in say a tablespoonful of spirits tur-
pentine, if the cavity of the hoof will hold
that much if not, pour in what it will hold
without danger of running over touch the
tnrpentine with a red-hot iron, (this will set
it on fre,) hold the hoof firmly in position
until it all burns out.
Great care must be taken that none runs
over on the hair of the hOof, lest the skin
be burned. If all the feet are affected, burn
turpentiue in each of them. Relief will
speedily follow, and the the animal be ready
for service In short time. | once applied
this remedy to horse that had been FUND
cred twenty-four hours before saw him, and
be was promptly relieved. In another case,
where the animal could hardly be induced to
move, his suffering was so great, he was
treated in the same manner as soon as his
trouble was discovered, and less than an hour
afterward he was hitched to buggy and
driven some twenty-five miles the same day
all lameness disappearing after he had
travelled few miles.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

RAISING SAGE.-The Massachusetts Plough
man has the following in answer to the in
quiry for the best method of raising sage ::
% Sage grows best in light, warm, rich soil.
1t may be grown from slips or cuttings, but
in this country it is most commonly propa-
gated from seed. This may be sown in a
hot-bed in March, the plants to be set out in
the open air in June, in rows eighteen inches
apart, and a foot apart in the rows, but it is
most common to sow the seed in April where
the plants are to remain. Sow thinly in
drills eighteen inches apart, and from half
to three-fourths of an inch deep. When the
plants are two inches high, they are to be
Trimmed to foot apart in drills. Fresh rows
may be formed by the plants 50 taken up.
Sage should be gathered for drying before
the flowers shoot out, and if cultivated for
the leaves, the flower stalks should be cut
out as soon as they appear. This increases
the product, as the leaves start out more
vigorously and grow larger"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

CoNcERNING Cows AND CHURNING.-Does
milk of different cows vary in length of time
required to change it to butter s. j. Sharp
less, of Philadelphia, makes the splendid
butter for which the Continental Hotel is
famed He has made many experiments, and
finds that no two cows are alike in the time
in which their cream turns to butter.-He
'.as ohurned sbo cream or two gooderows
the SAME mess. One would turn to butter
first. He took that out, and, continuing to
churn, a second batch of butter was the re-
suit. He is satisfied that butter is often
thrown away in buttermilk when the milk
of different cows is churned together, and
says the best.way is to churn each cows
milk by itself till the characteristics of her
milk are well understood.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

approaches near the surface 10 fact, the
cholera was traced along the water-courses,
and the upper part of the same valley would
be left uDtoached, while the lower portions
were Subjected to the rayages Of the disease.
Doring dry season the disease was less
likely to appear than during a. vet. The
incontroyertfble conclusion forced itself upon
thet mind of Pettenkofer that there was
nothing more dangerous than TO have the
waser near dwelling communicated by the
diseased fecal excreta of the population, and
he sought for some remedy for this start
ling evil. If he had heard of the epidemic
in the National Hotel at Washington, and of
the fever that proved SO fatal at the Pitts
field Seminary, he would have had some
further confirmation of the accuracy of this
theory. -
The advantages and Importance of earth
closets must be apparent to every one who
has followed us thus far in our article They
require very little architectural change, and
can be put anywhere when a vault is not
already dug they are entirely without odor,
and preserve in the best way the full agri-
cultural value of the manure.
Surely, a system that will save many lives.
keep up the good health of the family, avoid
waste of valuable manure, and is cheap and
easy of application, ought to be universally
substituted for the wasteful, dangerous, I'M
healthy custom handed down tousby our fore
fathers Scientific american.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

OUR GRAZING GRoUND.-That section of
country between the Missouri river and the
Rocky Mountains, which in former years was
laid down on all maps a desert, has been
brought into notice by the Pacific Railroad
and proves to be region admirably adapted
to grazing purposes. There is every reason
to believe that before many years. this vast
extent of territory will be covered with hocks
Of cattle, sheep and horses, and will be the
main source of supply for the. beef, wool,
hides, tallOw, mutton, horses and mules re-
quircd by the country. A full and interest
ing article ON this subject, written by DR.. IL.
Latham has Just been published in the
Omaha Herald and attracts considerable at
tonGi0n-
Or Latham shows that this vast region
which includes something like one-fourth of
the area of the United States, is better adapt
ed for grazing and sheep breeding than any
other part of North America. This comes
from the fact that the native grasses of the
region supply the best possible food for ami
mails, and that the climate is such that they
can run out all winter. In some parts of this
region snow falls; but it is uniformly so dry
that it does not freeze upon the skins of the
animals, and causes them no inconvenience.
DR.. Latham publishes a number of letters
from persons who have had great experience
in grazing stock in the valleys of Colorado,
Wyoming, Utah. and Dakotah. Their testi-
mony is unanimous. One writer, who has
grazed twenty thousand head of cattle, says
that the summer-cured grass of the plains
and valleys is superior to any hay; ana that
the proportion of loss in wintering stock
there is much less than in the States where
cattle are stabbed and fed on corn and hay
The purity and dryness of the air are alsc
exceedingly favorable to the growing of wool
MllCdukee Netrs
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25
The Rabbit in the HOOn.
An ORIENTAL STORY.

In beautiful illustrated monthly work
which has been taken in my father house
from my childhood, is a story exceedingly
well told, exemplifying the virtue of self
sacrifice. 1t was originally written in the
sacred language of the Hindoos. | trans
late it from the French for my young
Friends. who, like all others, are ever in
need of the good lesson it conveys.
Inc Htndo-tanoS. sslis~e thaas -thsy sssss
see a rabbit in the moon The Chinese,
when representing the moon, paint in the
centre rabbit pounding rice This sin
gular belief recalls curious and touching
legened which in early times passed from
India to China.
There is near Benares forest, in the
middle of which is a religious monument,
called that of The Three Quadrupeds
The following story explains the cause of
its conservation. Three animals, q fox, a
monkey, and a rabbit, lived most friendly
ter of the gods, under the garb of a poor
old man, appeared before them, and thus
addressed them:
My children. do you love this calm. re-
tired place? Do you ever feel afrtid p
The thick grass is our carpet they
answered. We walk through the shady
forest, and, though of different families,
we are peaceful and happy
heard of it, said the old man and
therefore, forgetting the burden of my age,
| came from very great distance express
ly to see you. But to-day suffer great
ly from hunger. Would you please give
me something to eatF
At once the three quadrupeds, moved
with compassion and love, leaped away in
three different directions to seek for the
desired food.
After galloping by the rivers side, the
fox seized silver carp, fresh and dripping,
and brought it between his teeth.
The monkey climbed the highest trees,
and descended with the most exquisite
flowers and the most lucious fruits.
The rabbit alone returned as he had
gone away, and had nothing to offer the
old man.
The old man said with sadness The
monkey and the fox have had pity upon
me. Why has the rabbit despised me?'
On hearing these words of reproach the
rabbit said to the monkey and the fox.
My friends, make here pile of dry
wood and dead leaves, and you will soon
know what | think
srs~zFhra they had finished the heap oil
tvood and leaves, the rabbit set it on fire
4 and said
Good old man, am little and feeble
have looked everywhere, and L found
nothing worthy to bring you. But l dare
offer my humble body for your repast.'
At these words he jumped into the fire
and met his death.
The god then operated under his real
Z features, gathered up the bones of the
lpoor little dead rabbit, and after pain
full sigh, said to the fox and the monkey,
! am deeply touched by this sacrifice
and, as a reward shall place the rabbit
liz the center.ef the moon, in order thai
his memory may never perish"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

How TO DRIVE YOUNG HoRsE.-We find
the following floating, and do not know it's
paternity, but it is good advice - In teach
ing young horse to drive well, do not hur-
ry to , ee how fast he will trot. Keep each
pace clear and distinct from the other; that
is, in walking make him walk, and do not
allow him to trot While trotting be equally
careful that he keeps steady at his pace, and
do not allow him to slack into II walk The
reins while driving, should be kept snug :;
and when pushed to the top of his speed
keep him well in hand, that he may learn to
bear well on the bit, so that when going at
a high rate of speed he can be held at his
pace but do not allow him to pull too hard i,
for it is not only unpleasant, but it often
makes it difficult to manage him. -
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

He turned to speak to Henry, but Henry
had gone as fast as he could.
Never mind said Sam. I'm see his
father tonight, and L don't believe he will
dare to trouble you any more. You
needn't say anything to the teacher. Run
along now, for it's almost school-time.
Isn't he brave said Susie to Jennie,
as they hurried to school. Il declare he
made me think of Great Heart, fighting for
the pilgrims. '-Little Chief
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

THE EYE OF THE AsTRoNoMER-The
following incident is related of the late
Gen. o. NJ. Mitchell:
While making some astronomical obser-
vations with powerful telescope. he one
evening brought into his vision some
sne fruit trees, full seven miles from where
bis instrument was placed. In looking
through his telescope he saw with perfect
'slearness some boys approach the trees,
nake their disposition, and then proceed
o steal the fruit-the Professor watching
Fery movement, and seeing each one of
ne actors with perfect distinctness. Mitch
ii used to tell this anecdote with much
ceiling, saying that while he watched the
title thieves, who supposed they were I'M
Observed. the words kept ringing in his
ars, Thou, God, seest me."-Sunday
School Times
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25

ABoUT HOP CULTUKE.--A. Parsons SAYS,
% the great mistake throughout the country
in hop culture is neglect. While young the
plants are very tender, and on compact
soil, weeds. will check their growth. The
labor Of cultivation will be very great if
weeds are on the land !; and when such is
the case. it is best to summer fallow, or
plant and hoe thoroughly the year previous
TO setting to hops. With the uncertainty OF
profits from hops, of the past few years, it
is best for those who cultivate them to do it
well, taking great pains to pick well and
have them well cured. !"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25
Vermont Central R. R. Line.
SUMNER ARRANGEMENF.
Commencing Monday, May 0, 1870.

TRAINS GOING SOUTH AND EAST-Leave
Montpelier at 8 81 An, ? IL PM. and 10 O5 I'm
Mail Trait leaves OgdeRsburgh at 90 Pm, ST Al
bans Al 20 An, and connects Burlington for Troy
and at White River Junction and Bellows Falls with
trains for Boston, Worcester, Spring field New YSrk
and with : the Psssumpsic Railroad.
DAY ExFErss leaves Montreal at 40 An II Johns
at 10 90 NJ, OEdensbursh al 5 30 ST Athsns
y 20 NJ, arriving Boston via. Lowell at 10 20
NIeHr EKrRKss leaves osdensburTh at 90 P
Montreal a. Is s,s--st N a ID. o. "a. al
Meeting at Bellows Falls Cheshire Boz
ton Worcester aud with Vermont Valley Rsitroae
for Springfield, sc, and arriving in New York 81
- 30
TRAINS GOING NORTH AND WEST.
Montpelier 40 An, 90 Az, 50 IN, and
o5
DAT E1rEEps leaves Boston via Lowell at S 90 n.
for Burlington, st. Adams, Montreal &C. arriving II
Montreal at 9 80 I'M and OrdensbuTEh al u 40 An
making close connections it'll trains for the West.
Mat TEAiS leaves Boston via Lowell al : 90 NJ
via Lawrence aud FtChhurg 81 SprinE 6etd
IS an. for Burlington, and ST Albars-
Trains leaving Boston via FitchbuTE al : 30 An.
and Springfield al a. connect al White River
Junction with Day Express Train.
ACCOMMODATIONS TRA leaves Mortified al : 45 N
NIGHT ENFEEss train leaves Bellows Falls Al 10 IS
receiving passengers from Vermont Valley Rail
road, leaving New York at II IS ana from Chesh
ire Rsilrpad leaving Boston at 30 meeting
Pm, for Burlington, Montreal and ugdenshurgh, con
Meeting with Steamers and Grand Trunk Railway inl
The West.
seepin. cars are attached to the night Express train
mining between Montreal and Boston and 81. Abs
and Springfield, and ST. Adams and Troy, and Draw
ing room between Montreal and Boston on Day
Express Trains.
Through Ticket. TOR Chicago and the West for sale
II the principal staiioHs
st Adams MAY 9. 1870.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1870-05-25
Grandfather'S Eyes.

Never was little Myra better pleased
than when going a walk with her grand
father, for he was so kind and gentle, and
talked to her about the things they saw in
so pleasant and cheerful a manner, that it
was quite treat 20 her.
If they saw any ants at work, Oh OH
he would say, what makes you so busy.
when none of you have any rent or tax to
pay But L see how it is; you are at
work for one another. Remember, Myra,
we must not be idle; for when we have
nothing TODD for ourselves, we may always
help other people
If they saw bee winging his way from
flower to flower, he was..almost sure to
speak of it: Well, Mr.. Buzzabout, will
you tell us what you are doing? But we
understand it very well, and will learn a
lesson from you. Mind, Myra, that as the
bees get honey from every flower, you and
/ get good from everything
In this way Myra used to be entertained
by her grandfather, who likened her to a
fresh bud that would soon burst into
flower, and himself to a faded leaf which
vas almost ready to fall from the tree.
One day, after Myra had pleasant
-A-aIk with h@- fr-a,.5f. thor. =ha-sasat down
Nc do little sewing with her mother, and
then they talked together in the following
manner
L wish l had grandfather's eyes, moth
err
Do you, dear? l hardly think that he
could spare them. But what can you
possibly want with the eyes of your grand
father. Myra?
.Oh, if I had his eyes, should see all
that be sees when we are walking together
but now l cannot see half so much as he
does
No That is very strange, when you
are young and he is old He often says
that his sight is not what it used to be ;
and then, you know, though the Bible is
in large print, he is obliged to use spec
tacles.'
Yes, mother, but for all that he can sec
more than l can
Tell me what you mean, love, for /
cannot at all understand you
Why, when we walk out in the fields
and lanes, let us look at what we will, he
says he sees Gods goodness in every.
thing
All, Myra it is not grandfather
eyes, out grandfather's loving faith, that
you want Like him, you must live to dc
good. And then, as you grow older, God
will open the eyes of your understanding,
and you will see Him not only in all the
works of His hand, but in all the events
of your life