The Jackson standard. [volume] (Jackson C.H., Ohio) 1847-1888, 1870-04-07

Europe had no trade equal to that of
Turkey, whose merchants ranked
among the richest in the world. But a
little later iberGovernment, like that of
Portugal, entered into a treaty with
France and England by which Ahe
bound herself to charge no higher du-
Fties on their impVrts than 8 per cent,
and exempting theit vessels from all
Eport charges, thus virtually establishing
I "a system of free trade under which her
manufactures gradually went down,
and, except a few inconsiderable car
pet and silk establishments, may now
be regarded as extinct From that day
to this she has been steadily if not
hopelessly passing on to ruin and her
people into degraded state Of slavery
abd decentralization. While manufac-
lures. were sufficiently encouraged to
enable them to exist, commerce was
maintained, agriculture hourished, and
the people were prosperous and happy.
But when the Government failed to
enact laws tending to combine, protect,
and stimulate her industries and deVel4
op her resources, the current of depop-
ulation, poverty, and iugnorance SET in,
as it ever will in a purely agricultural
country. Thus the benefcent gifts of
nature bestowed on Turkey have been
lost through unwise legislation, as they
ever will be in any country where d.
versitication of labor is disregarded
...... INDIA AND IRELAND.
Precisely the same occurrences and
facts tending and conducting to the hu-
initiation and reduction of Portugal and
Turkey may be applied to India and
other countries, and especially to Ire.
land, whose people for centuries, by
the perverse and oppressive legislation
of Great Britain, have been deprived
of the power of creating commerce by
combining and diversifying their in
dustries, and to these facts must we
look if we desire to find the true cause
of the decline afafa of the Irish ma
ton. Thus del1fiyed in a measure of
all employmsHt except in the labor OF
agriculture, her children have been COM
PEELED by millions to sundeT the ties of
kindred and country and seek their
homes In distant lands where .the di-
versity of employment affords laudable
competition and ample remuneration.
for intelligent labor A writer Of great
ability on this subject q few years since
made the following truthful remarks:
"For nearly half century Ireland has had
perfectly trade with the richest country in the
world, and what has thatfree trade done for herr
She has even now no employment for her tenn
\ ing population except upon the land. She ought
to have employment and plenty of 1t. Are we
| to believe the calumny that the Irish are lazy
| and will not work Is Irish human nature diff
ferent from other human nature? Are irishmen
| inferior in understanding? We Englishmen,
| who have personally known 1rishmen in the ar
my, ut the bar, and in the church, know that
| there is no better head than disciplined Irish
| one"
From the foregoing historical facts
touching Portugal, Turkey, India, and
Ireland, as we'll as those pertaining to
other nations which might be named,
it is conclusively demonstrated that a
system of free trade always has and al
ways will result in benefit to those ma
tions whose facilities for the develop
ment Of manufactures and commerce
are greatest, and in devastation and ru-
in to those less favored v ,srys
England, by the comparatively free
export of her manufactures to the Coun-
tries above named and elsewhere, TAX
ing the products of their soil IN ex-
change for her wares and virtually fix
ing the price of both, has reduced those
nations from wealth and aff1uence to
poverty and ignorance, and surely like
causes will produce like results in any
country, ireland, abounding as she
does in the material elements of wealth
aud greatness, by the power of British
laws and British rule, presents the hui
initiating spectacle of nation of noble
people gradually but surely disappear
ing from among the nations Of the earth
and that too, in time Of profound
E peace, Manchester and Birmingham en-.
ioying the monopoly Of furnishing hel
\ with cloth and. iron And the same
remarks apply with equal force and
tru,hfulnessto 10 India, Turkey, and Por.
tugal, whose people sre supplied with
manufactures from tbeR workshops o
British monopolists, giving IN exchange
therefor the fruits of theirsoil and bear
ing the expense of transportation both
ways. Thus are the monOpoIies o.
: England built up at the expense of i'm
poverishing aud depopulating other ma
tions.
\ DIVERSITY OF EMPLOYMENT.
. In order that vigorous and health,
: commerce may arise and flourish in an,
. country, q proper and judiciOus divers
! ity of occupation and labor must b
, adopted; otherwise the masses, for wan
Of other employment, must of necesslt,
betake themselves to the cultivation Q
the soil While necessity for exchange
between the farmer, the miner, the mau
utacturer, and the mechanic alway
! must exist, no such exchange betwee
!. farmers producing the same products
or can be beneficial. And without thi
diversity of employment the ,demsn
4 for human effort, whether Of mind {
q body, willigradually cease, and ignoI
: ance and poverty ensue. Thisiias bee
d true in every country which has fnile
!. to protect its farmers, mechanics, an
n common .labOrers by protectingiits maj
!. ufacturers.
Z A iudicious division Of labor is indi