The New York herald., 1870-10-15

Closs Barrier Young and Old Ics-sabine
Iland-coal Deposits-prsparing FIR Win
ter-Polar Night Severe Climate-spring
ESourSions-Impcdiments and Fa-
tigusa-0a tho Movs-U Unfortunate
,ow Circumstance-Hom Journey.
BERLIN, Sept. 20, 1870.

rd . BERLIN, Sept %, 1870.
l.3 SECOND GERMAN POLAR EXPEDITION.
From the report or Captain Kodewey, commander
Of the Germania the principal vessel OF the expedi
non which, as previously mentioned, returned to
Bremen on the lIh Instant we CLEAN the following
DATA
Having left Brcmerharcn juno Is, 1909, We parted
company with the Hansa July 90 Spoke tho
steamer Beehive July 90, and sent letters by her to
Germany. Our course was due north; we kept
along the edge OF the solld ice and did encounter
the loose until we had reached 4. deg north latitude;
got up steam penetrated the drift IN westerly
direction for twelve hours; but, August l, were
stopped by firm icc with tho Pendulum Island In
sight We noticed behind the PACK Ice, ana close
10 tho land. en- open track. Waiting until August 9,
IN the hope OF break. VIC had drited to east
ward; tho Ice having become looscr, we werc
nnabsd to proceed by steam; winding through
channels between large leo nclds. we
reached, on the 5th, Sabine Island, south
Of tina Pendulum group and belonging to 1t.
fhe following daya were employed In scientific
work, determining the geographical position Of the
inland, which. 1t was found, had been LAID down cor
recty BY Sabine; we also examined magnetic devia-
lions August 10. proceeded by steam to northward;
saw from Al elevation that between the mainland
and Shannon Island, north OF Pendulum, every.
lng WIS s0lid ana could discover north OF "A deg.
a min. no trace Of water along the land. Every
whero In an eastern dTec;ion excepting the utmost
southern points OF tho islands. we saw the old Ice
perfectly intacr, Steamed southeast to Shannon
llann. reached Cape Philip Broke aud followed
channel from ono to three miles wlde between the
ooa1t tce and pack ice. Tho former was In many
pacss piled mp forty feet high by the immense pres
suT0 Of tho ice fields
cLOsH BARRIER.
In la. rs deg. 81 min. and west Ion. II deg. 10
Mn. VIC camc to . Sudden STOP as the leds here
oonnccted with the land ice. strong refraction,
which We found in every direction, proved the abb
sencc Of any open water in the north; after waiting
several days we turned back to tie southern shore
Of Shannon BLAND, with o view Of ex-
smining 1t scientifically. The land ice having
got loose at Capo Broke the Gcrinania anchored
August 10. In three fathons OF water. Shannon
Island Is much larger than laid down on the maps;
Its utmost northeast point determined In rs deg
70 min.. and Is deg. west longilude; It's western
coast runs due north. The island looks rather dis
NAL There is barely enough vegetation in the
plains Of the west coast for the musk Oxen OF which
wo found few herds ana killed one on the 10th.
Contrary to our expectation the pack Ice was getting
stronger and gathering between Shannon ana PEN
onlum islands. From day to day our place OF moor.
ng became less safe. August 26 the exploration OF
ene island being finished ana having no chance 70
50 northwaTd, wo steamed to Pendulum Island; our
only hope yet for opening were the autumn
storms
THE YOUNG ICE
Tho young icc, which had been rapidly forming
during tho last few nights OF thickness OF several
inches compelled Us by going backward and forward
ard using full steam, to break through IL and open
way. A sailing vessel would have been altogether
hoip.ess hero as there was no wind aud calms pre-.
vaied thrcughOuttnes summer. We dropped anchor
On tne souln side OF Little Pendulum on the 27th Of
August, In nyo jashOrnS. The irst part OF Septem-
ner was taken up by surveys and scientific exainna-
aonS on shore, and hunting OF musk oxen and rein
Notwithstanding somc severe gales the ice showed
no change Is was solid betweon Shannon Island
end the mainland and drew closer to us All The tiae
An attempt to reach the Gale Hamkes hay proved q
failure. We found II closed up by heavy ice. Tho
young ice kept growing during tho calm, but thousn
olton broken by Q norrherner we did not doubt the
Umptoms Of approaching winter.
1eptember 13 we found ourselves In the same little
bag where we had lrst dropped anchor, Ave weeks
previous, on the south side or SABINE Island. on
the following day we won't IN boat 10 the old Ice;
. mile and full or young ice. With sleigh we fol-
lowed an inlet Into the interior; The ice three inches
We visited mountain Iooo feet high aaorilng ' q
nne view to the northeast Of The sea and OF tho
mountain cnains IN the n Interior. Lieutenant Payer
ourselves that there had been motion IN the Ice.
In all probability the fields had never been severed
from the lane Ice. What until then had been q sup
position became now certainty we would have TO
winter at sabine island az the only safe and prac-
north latitude.
COAL DEPOSITS.
On our return to the vessel Lieutenant Payer dts
covered on small island deposit or coal and nu-
merous petlifacuons. Vegetation on this .'coal
paily the species ondromedd. We also found large
herds OF musk oxen and reindeer, OF which we
our sleigh being overloaded we brought but few Of
them on board, WHITTIER we returned September 22
vas Y sa 1ian nas nrsr @ the
meat had been secured by the killing OF oxen BEARS
reindeer @ and sea seahorse strong gale IN the night,
which was 80 strong that we walked on 1t to The
vessel
PREPARING FOR THE WINTER
BY saving the ice we drew the vessel still further
towards tho coast, until she was In ten feet OF
water ard but short distance from It, A single
night sufced to frcozo her in 10 sodly that anchor
and and chains became superiluoGS. Provislons were
to pieces tho cabin ENLARGED I Yards 'Insd and
rigging taken down and tho deck securely
covered ". Two observaio ories, one for magnetic.
tho other for astronomical observations were con.
structed on shore. In the later we housed the me-
teoroloeical instruments, which now were to come
Of several inches with moss, and about the middle
q October an ico and snow wail constructed around
nfteen inches. We could now await the winter In
security: Our stoves consumed very little fuel;
mur, not over seventy pounds per day. Mora than
nfteen hundred pounds OF fresh meat had been laid
an supplying us for The whole season with roass OF
musk OK, reindeer, bear, &c. second excursion
with sleighs was undertaken by Lieutenant Payer,
cempanied by DR.. Copeland; they explored the
country southwark, discovered another inlet, col
iected geological specimens and returned November
Z somewhat exhausted from tho immense fatigue,
PM 10 perfect health. With this terminated the ex-
pedlti0ns OF 1860.
POLAR NTCUT.
november We the sun 1T noon for the last
ume. He was not to appear again until the beginning
OF February. We no longer saw bears, which hai
been heretofore our cons ant visitors They and the
other animals were no doubt seeking better feeding
Grounds n tho Interior During these three months
OF polar night we had no lack OF occupation useful
IS well as entertaining. A school or navigation
was established, and attended with great zeal by
the men. The library Afforded much food for the
mind, and the middle OF tho polar night had arrived
before tho want Of daylight seriously felt So
we're s.oW storms from tile north. lasting sometimes
seyerai nS Gays the 1ne snow penetrating Ike dust