New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1870-11-22

In this scasonahe discourse on University educa-
on DR. oyt considers the subject In It's relation 10
The past the present, and the future His historical
,ketcb of the universities of the middle ages IL
founded ON exact research and presents an accumu-
iaton of interesting details which il might bc diff
cult to find elsewhere III so condensed aud e0lnIre-
hcnsive a form. The number of students VINO
frequented the great seats of learning at that peIio
was remarkable. and shows that if darkness had
spread over the great mass of the population " ""
not for the want Of the means and appliances , -
study among the better spirits of the gay
tenn of three hundred years from 'ne 'V
meucement of the twelfth century IL ueS's
nv the outbor rs the romance ol eu'' VIVA
history The teachings of the llIuSuiouS '
Paris aud Bologna were welcomeu '' W.. ~
a fresh promise. The very hover VI h'P'' 60
avian ,f older Asia and Africa eager lo' hu'"''rs
az tIe nav doctrines crowded IN muitituoes 10 'hc
bricbt centers Of public instruction. Al boioRh"'
- ~, nat less than twenty thousand young
mon enthusiastic in the pursuit OF learning Paris
,,pphercd even thirty thousand. The same number,
soon after was gathered at Oxford and even Spain,
"ro loppcr content TO send her aspiring youth to
poris and Bologna had directed her energies for
more than half century to her own Salamanca, and
was now rewarded 10y seeing that young university
an acknowledged rival of these renowned schools,
with it's 10000 to 1900 students gathered from her
own provinces, and from many other countries norm
and south Of the Mediterranean sea Eager thousands
still focked TO the only Italian. French, and English
ccnters and thousands mere TO the newer universe
ties" I'm the present state of European education the
German univ ersiteS. 1t is conceded are entitled 10
the precedence both on account OF the completeness
If their organization, and the ability and accom-
plishments of their professors. The following de-
scrption Of their internal aran cement presents aSuc-
a. If 4 no "
their influence and power:
The number of faculties essential To what is known a
n complete university, is four, 10 wit faculties OF PHI
some twenty-vc in ali the statcstcn in Prussia, six in
Austria tire N H iw% u, B' and SnI ues e Damn M
stdt and though differing slightly "a to constitution
aud mana ceuct they bcartle stamp OF common mold.
some Of them Lave more Than ioui Tor INSANE
in the of the University of IUbmgeu, winch has
10th Catholic and Protestant faculty Of theology, ana
OF ihc bhNcisltl,s q" 'NNl.' Nli'i dl Z" ne ya'uni
cal four faculty al the political sciences. Ana AGAIN
Copenhagen and IIesincfor~, which are Incorporating
POLYTECHNIC schools and several in Italy, winch nave III
rOTpoTatcd schools OF engineering and veterinary science
have associated with them schools If the practical arts
Ainono these arr the universities of GGugeu Halle
and Bonn wiirh have established agricultural depart
Inents anu the University OF Berlin, with s veterinary
school practically branch of the medical faculty. But.
then. they all gTcr in their most essential features, even
a. the - oplc of the different states are one in certain
ILysiognuuical and mental chardcieri-ics.
Nouo orth school, % the industrial professions have
yet attained TO the dignity Of faculties.
The German universities also SUI tahil"y agr5e III
The mode Of constitution ANA GoverHnent, an which re-
hi a.
century. Originally me acultes are created ~ ap|
puntmeut of tie severe IN lis minister ~ public in
ftruriOn. The organization is then perfected by the
faculties thcuIsrlyc. the full professors IN each of
which elect presiding ONCE tca) fUI that particular
faculty and m most cases. single professor GO repre-
cent them m the ScHGt"S Gode"ic'tS, composed Of such
representative cd Tie several faculties, The actual prcsi
dent rector and the outgoing rector The rofeSSo>
f,i professor. extraordinary professor-,
who correspond. IN Germany. T. the SpteGHts or adj
SogcItmeGt n most CASE also ,Icct the rector Of the
university. All tines, ohcers~-j,aus, mtflbtrs OF the
acsur.,l senate ana the fe''oi-afe elected lof Ou'
Tie tor a. tie executive head Of the university is
charged h its general discipline, and, ~ case ol any
SERIOUS mdcmeaugr on the part of student or other
p.rou within The range Of university jurisdiction, he
associate with him an assessor on Judge.
The orean1iou perfeo ted, the -enate is virtually
.uce well as al nominations Oi new professors. must
have the approve of the minister.
All German universities that third and unique class OF
teachers which aUsion has already heen made, as
h'iug found IN the universities of Northern Europe,
and, Ia a very limited extent, also in Italy
iocenl is supposed to he aspiraut Tor professor
faculty IN wGo.e sioup OF studies he desires give in
.rucIon. Il, on inquiry ihcl become satisfied mat be
rare qualifications. the professors IN snch faculty dele
EXAM nation d,uown rs habjfifio) in The branches
named his application. should the result he salts.
factory. De- is rn nominated 10 the minister, whose
confirmation j. his warrant to lecture on any Of the
pics belonging 10 his particular faculty II Is rare that
salary Ille sole means of support the fees he can
roununl iVI lis lectures, WHICH must in case he
90 The same class of subjects. He has the free
uo, If the ltcturcrooins, when not occupied by
fees IN the same manner as the fees of tue
professors No r.trction whatever Is put upon MIN
the particular subjects appropriate TO ms faculty
upon which ne shall lectmc-not though he should
choose select the identical theme for his discourse
which TIE distinguished professor n his faculty lee
tuned in the place the preceding hour The student
may attend which OF bem he cases and his attendance
Tie lecture Of the decent counts Juot the sanS ia
Tie final ctOuGg, attendance upon tie lecture Of The
professor. Sboul vacancy occur in the chair of
traoId binary PROBES saeI thihg i Pute app To
occur where there more genus IN the rank below than
IN the oc ahove-or should II De determined To create
N chair t"e aspiring decent flSe ana patiently works
aud waits ike good fortune 10 place him in the
uhersty.
II is easy to see what powerful stimulation TO best
rndcalo on the part oi both professors and pric0t
GooenteH, these circumstances must create.
Tie u,l professors held in high honor and in
have HNcd ssIar, from the STATE of itself equal
moderate snppor-b.ing usually rom $1,000 70 s5@0-
them TO command Inthi- WY, AZ the most prosperous
ard HGucIou>ly attended Institutions, incomes
time, rise ~ high ~ 5000 10 $500.
The extraordinary Proi usually, though not in
Nsrahy. Eav" hNed salaries Tlese not large, how
dents
In regard 10 the condition Of TIE colleges in the
United states. the author justly remarks that the
number Of institutions bearing the title OF uni
-vcrr,,, u much larger than in any other country
sHd less Number Of them, in t@@t ta'e re'II! :.
llein TO it, Still there are a few whose high stand
ard Of education entities them to sincere respect.
Harvard sgc as he Oldest superior literary nsti,
tuition ia America. may be taken the representa-
tive Of the class. Ia all Of them, the scademical
department compared with a German university,
IL but "A preparatory school At Harvard. il enjoys
the services Of about thirty professors and teachers
and is supplemented by so-called scientific school
But this school although it provides instruction OF