The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-07-20
THE WAR I'm EuRoPH.
THE FRENCH SCHOOL OF WAR.
NapoleOn's Veteran Lenders Their Services In
the Past-Alaiers, the Crimen. and Italy.

the Pnst-Alsiers, the Crimen, and Italy.
of active military duty for Marshas MacMahon Can
robert, Bazaine, Valiant, Forey Random, Changar-
nier, Leb@uf, and Count Palikao followed the de-
scent lgers by the French, caused like the pre-
sent war by an aifront to the French Minister A
new generation had arisen since the wars OF the
First Empire, and the young soldiers welcomed the
field OF adventure which Africa presented. The
French occupation Of Algiers met with little efec
tive opposition from the Turks, but it aroused
the fierce, independent spirit OF the native
tribes, resulting, for time, on the part Of the
spending of millions Of treasure, without securing
little more of the soil than their own garrisons.
In 1881, the officers who the veterans of the
French army found themselves confronted by the
daring chieftain Abd-el-Kader, and for seventeen
years this extraordinary man defended with reso-
lutte bravery and mastery skill his native land
against the invaders. The nature OF the campaigns
in which the officers named took part as well as others
destined to be eminent before the close of hostites
may be realized from some OF the leading Incidents.
Marshal Olansel was Sent alter some years OF very
Emir at one blow who, on his part, fully alive to all
miles, He promulgated the most terrible denuncia-
tions against all who should be found siding with
the French or supplying them with provisions; the
consequence of which that the French garrisons
and outposts almost starved, and could not
tain food except by foray in which friend and foe
upwards of 80, 600 men, and by his mannuvres sue
ceeded in postponing the French advance until the
French arrived at Oran, on their march against
Mascara. Mostacanem and Arzend were strongly
e ensmys snd cOuns S2ass %tS StS
men. After several days Of constant fighting he
self on Abd-el-Kader by reducing it to heap of
ruins This wretched exploit achieved, the French
were obliged to retreat again. They next took
TIemcen in January, 1896, and garrtsoned it, and
then returned to Oran. But although they defeated
the Kabyles in battle, the indefatigable Emr har
assed their retreat, which they only effected after
severe losses This murderous and savage mode OF
warfare, which was nothing more than system of
forays, was without practical result to the French.
AS soon the army had retired the inhabitants of
Tlemcen upon the French garrison, their
conveys were cut of, and General Arlanges the
second in command, was ordered to established a
fortified camp on the Tafna, for the purpose of
covering Tlemcen and keeping open the communi-
cations between that post and the districts favora-
BILE to the French. In this advance he was attacked
his fortified camp, where he was shut up and COM
PEELED to remain until relieved by Bugeaud at the
head OF 1000 men. Soon after Bugeaud gained an
important victory over the Emir, which for time
repressed his efforts against the invaders. In
fare like this, the present eadng generals in the
career 1t was calculated to accustom them to the
horrors OF war, to make them equal to trying
gencies and to render them capable of enduring all
the fatigues attendant on fighting in mountainous
country and under burning sun.
Se renc hea sry TaeT ne 70 Te 9ed 10
the allies effected landing at the Bay Of Enfrato-
nia September H. 1854. On their southward march
toward Sebastopol they encountered the Russian
forces, commanded by Prince Mentchikof on the
banks of the Alma. A bloody battle was fought
September 20, in which the Russians were compelled
to retreat. on September 25 the British forces
seized Balaklava, and on october 9 the
regular siege of the southern portion
sunk vessels in the entrance to the harbor and thus
rendered the city inaccessible by maritime force.
On October 25 and November the Russians vainly
attempted to annihilate the besieging force in the
battles OF Balaklava and Inkermann, but afterwards
confined themselves mainly to the defense; theis
frequent sorties being intended to harass andr
retard the siege than to relieve the place definitely
At Inkermann, where Canrobert won special distnc-
ton, the Russians lost in killed BOIL, and wounded
o9s7; the English 462 killed and 2l43 wounded; the
French 3S9 killed and 1887 wounded Among the sor-
ties which marked the further progress OF the SIEGE
some assumed almost the character of regular field
battles for instance an unsuccessful attack Of the
French upon new redoubt; their first assault upon
the MalakoG and Redan Uune Is, 1850, and the battle
of the TcheInaya august 49, in which the Russians,
numbering 80, 600 infantry and 5000 cavalry, made
last effort to break the aggressive force Of the
enemy. The trenches having been driven so near
the Russian defensive works that another assault
could be ventured, the nnal bombardment was
opened September g. and lasted for three days. On
September the Malakon and Redan were stormed
and taken by the Allies after desperate struggle,
and the siege virtually ended In this campaign
the present leading French officers first engaged In
sources which the ablest engineers ahd inventors
could afford and demanding the most desperate
yalOr in order to insure success.
The Italian offered the French army employ
ment on the historic field OF NapoleOn's campaigns
The first engagement with the Austrian forces was
Monticello, where their left wing was defeated
The allies being on the point Of outaanGing their
right wing battles Of Palestro, May 81 and June ~
they recrOssed the Ticino, and were routed in the
great open battle Of Magenta, June L. Without risk
ing a defense OF the lines of the Odda and Oglio
rivers they retreated to the line OF the Mincio.
There, In the great battle of Solferino they were
defeated June a. and peace soon followed. This
was, with the exception of the Mexican campaign
in which Marshal Bazane was conspicuous, the last
conflict in which the French Marshals had an op-
portunity of engaging In warfare on an extensive
scale