davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
Gold 1924.
The excitement at West Hickory.

The excitement at West Hickory, yester-
day, was notso grsat as for several days previ
ons. The McNair we'll, owned By James
AcSair, Esq., formerly Of rithole, was
struck on Thursday last. On Monday Il
pumped at the rate of 800 barrels per day.
and yesterday, on account Of scarcity Of
sankage, very slow motion had 10 be kent
up. aud the we'll did not yield over 100 bar
Tpls.
Quite town is building up at this point,
hut from appearances 1t will be of the
mushroom order. Most Of those going into
business there are from Pleasantville. Those
VINO have "'ut their eye teeth" in following
oil excltements, are settling at White Oaks
s'a'lon, on the line Of the o. C. l. A. R.
r., about ~ miles from the Venture we'll.
which will undoubtedly be the business point
forSds Hickory oil field. The land about
tho Station is owned by Messrs. Wander.
SRI" and Forman of Oil City, aud is under
cnarss OF Mr.. J. G. Searles, who is well
known to many of our itizens. "Joe" is
up to bis ears In bus iness, leasing out town
lots by the dozen every day.
The above named gentlemen are about IN
lay pire line from the Station to couuec,
with all the large wells in the vicinity.
Petroleum Centre is represented in busi-
neaa circles at White Oaks by Messrs. Schou.
bl"m " Wing, who. are running an exten-
s've grocery and feed store; A. Smawley
VII" has branch livery stable, and Charli.
Foster, late W. U. telegraph opera tor, who
H." opened out first-class news depot.
In the coal and lumber trade. M.ssrs
Bailey & Faulkner Of Pithole, have The
"uly establishment there, and are doing .
smashing business. We ore glad to learn Of
fh" success of our old friend Capt. Bailey
wno Is well deserving of it.
The Centre has less representation at IN,
new oildorado than any other of the .i
towus' from the fact that we rave some
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Allegheny College, Meadville, owns $7O,.
600 of the stock OF the Reno Oil and Land
Company. Oil has asrecently been struck on
the company's land, which is bringing in
money at the rate of Sl44,O0O per aunum.
Should this be kept up, the college will
reap handsome harvest from the invest
men', and lie relieved from its present
financial embarrassment.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
infringement Notice..

The subscriber has learned that certain
firm in Tiiusville, known as bryan, Dil-
lingham & Co.." have commenced the manu-
ufactnre of Sucker Rods with Socket Joints'
This is Direct Infringement on his Rights,
as his claim is ''connecting two sections OF
rod by means Of wedges, wedginR sockets,
and double coupling bolt" He does not
specify any particular shaped wedge, nor oi
what material 1t shall be made. All rods
made as above described outside Of bis man
utactory, are direct infringements. This,
therefore ia to
CAUTION OIL OPERATORS.
and oil others, against buying or using any
rods Sc made, except those of bis manufac-
tnre, as by 40 doing they will lay them
selves liable, aud will be dealt with accord
ing to law.
WIN. J. INNS.
PIONEER. April 9Th, 1870.
----------------
Fine assortment of wall paper ut Griffes
Bros
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

j.. Edgar Thompson, President Pennsyl-
vania Central Railroad has taken cottage
at Long Branch, where he will spend the
season, in hope of improving his health-a
result, which however desirable and much
hoped for by all his friends, flom the nature
Of bis aililction is not likely to be attained.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

thing Of an oil excitement at home. and
those in'business here arc satisfied to re.
main. We still claim TO have the banner
well OF the oil regions, which still contin-
mes 10 yield 800 barrels per day, while the
Venture well at West Hickory. struck aoout
the same time. is only yielding 10 barrels
daily.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
Local Notices.
The Science of a New Life.

By John Cowau, NJ. y.
Mr.. Laban Gregory, o! Housewife, Pa,
ia agent for tho sale OF this valuable work
in Veuango county, and will call on our
citizens in day or two for the purpose Of
soliciting subscription for the work. The
work is one that should be in the hands of
both married aud single, as it contains
information OF value to all. 3t.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
SPECIAL NOTICE.

The largest and finest stock
Of Family Groceries, ever
brought to Petroleum Centre, is
now being received and offered
at heavily reduced prices
These goods are bought in New
York at the present low prices
for cash, and we proposele to
our friends and patrons have
the benefit of low prices.
Parties wishing to buy choice
groceries at very low figures
will do we'll to call on us before
purchasing elsewhere.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

The Sharon Times of the 10th says: Jus
as we 60 to press we learn that +. II. Drag-
gins. Esq. OF the Mercer Dispatch, was
thrown from buggy, iIucturing his
skull, infictins dangerous and probably
fatal injury.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

The old preacher Road from White
Oak to Fagundas city. and of which men,
ton is made by the Rev. Peter Cartwrieh ht
in his autobiography, is anything but u
"Preacher Road now. Stage drivers, and
ieamsters. make the nir snlphurous with
their ..cusses' both loud and deep. and the re
is a good OPP ng for missionaries at every
mud b. ole on the hill.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

A man named Cornish was arrested re-
Gently for drawing razor on Henry Mar
zellas and threatening to do him bodily
injury. Jury trial. Cornish was found
guilty and sentenced by Justice Reynolds to
pay u fine of one dollar and costs of prose-
cution.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

A little son Of Jas. 5. McCray met with
severe accident yesterday. He was rid
ing horse on McCray hill, and acciden tai.
ly fell of, striking his head on stone and
fracturing the skull.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
FIRE WORKS

For 4th Of July 1870, just received at J. ".
BEATY'S, consisting In part Of FirejC rack.
r,s Of the best brand, Rockets, Roman
Candles, Torpedoes, Two kinds. Mines
Exhibi lion Pieces. Bunting Flags, Balloons
Chinese Lanterns. and q great variety of
other works too NUMEROUS to men,ion.-
Also choice Confectionery. Zee Cream tho
best in the market, just such ss will suit
the taste on independence day. All theso
things are 10 bs had, and great many
more at J. W. Beatty's secoud Door from tho
Opera House.
J. W. BEATTY.
Q nv
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

We would call the attention OF onr busi-
ness men TO tho superior styles of job print
ing, both plain and fancy, at pres rnt being
turned ont from this office. We are prepar.
ed to execute job printing Of every descrip-
tion in the latest and most fashionable style
Of the art, and at reasonable rates. r.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
For Sale Cheap.

SIN FIFTEEN a TWENTY BARREL
TANKS.
TWO l26 BARREL TANKS.
TWO $50
Enquire Of Supt. on Baum Farm.
jl6-lw.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS
HOUSE FOR SALE.

House and Lease lO1, Lot A, opposite tho Exec:
sior Building, Washington STREET, Petroleum CSns
tre The house 10 frame, 2 stories, 5Ox18. will 10
sold cheap. Enquire ut Schults Grocery store, OPP
po-ite the building. 22Iw.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
SCHONBVADNl l. WItG.

Fine assortment of Paper and Cloth Win.
dow Shades and Fixtures, just reed at
mStf. GRIFFEs Bros.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

The patent brake used on the Southern
excarsionists special train, will be short
ly introduced on the Oil Creek d Allegheny
Railroad.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Mr.. Joseph II. Barnard of Wisconsin, will
preach 10 the Presbyterian Church at this
place next Sunday, morning and evening.
Sunday School as usual, at 2lSo'clock.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

THE PYRAMIDS Of splen coal over n
odingion ~ Cornwell 3 yard are perfectly
wonderful. marchiOtf.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

COLD is word which CodingtOa 81 Corn
wei propose to render Obsolete. For modus
Operandi call and see them. marchlOtf.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Look out for the new advertisement of
the jamestown Clothing sto.p, tomorrow.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Sash. Glass, Doors. Putty &c. Large
stock very cheap ut the Furniture Store.
nlO-tr
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Vichey. Kissengen aud Soda Water at
the Artic Soda Fountain of
jlS.tf GRrrrEs Bros.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Soda Water and Ice Cream at J. ". Beat.
tvs.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Lard Oil by barrel or gallon At
may23.tf II. FREEMAxs.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

All kinds foreign fruits OF Feltcr, Fenner
& Co.'S
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Vicbey, Kissengen and Soda Water at
the Artic Soda Fountain of
GRIFFEs Eros.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

buy the ''Red Hot" Saddle manufactured
In Titnsvile expressly for the oil country
adapted TO all kinds Of weather. at J. Il.
Kron's al2-tt
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Nails wholesale and retail at
Ii. FREENAN's
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22
EBanta's Patent slate Lined Refrig.
atOr.

Lined with Slnte, having Air Chambers
wi,nont Filling of any kind-perectly dry
and swret--they are believed TO be unequal.
led hy my other now in use, and are OF
Moderate Cost.
Slate possesses an acknow ledged superb
ority over Zinc for lining purposes, being
free from smell, taste and corrosion, and
eau be easily cleaned, preserving every or.
tic!e in sweet and pure state.
"a For sale at FREEMAN'S HARD
WARE STORE. 3l-3t.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Soda Water and Ice Crcs.n at ). W. Beat
tvs. ap27-lt.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

kissengen and Vichcy Water Mt
GRIFFEs Bros.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Gold Fish, Gold Fish a. NJ. S. Simmou e.
Drug Store.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Soda Water and Ice Cream at J. w. Beat
ty's.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Kissengen and Vlchcy Water on drauCht
OF GRirrEs Bros.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

The largest stock Of Gas Pipe in town at
II. FREEMAN's.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

All kinds foreign fruits at F"lser, Fenaer
i Co.'s
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Gas Pipe Wholesale and retail at
II. FREEMAN's.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Kissengen aud Vichey Water on dranght
at GRlrrEs Bros.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Soda Water and Ice Cream atJ. W. Beat
va
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Petroleum Centre, June 20, 1870 2w.
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Soda Water and zee Cream at J. ". Beat
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Soda Water and Ice Cream NJ J. W. Beals
tvs
The Petroleum Centre daily record. [volume] (Petroleum Center, Pa.) 1868-1873, 1870-06-22

Fine assortment Of wall paper at Critics
| Rrns
New Orleans Republican. [volume] (New Orleans, La) 1867-1878, 1870-08-21
OFFICIAL.
NOTICE TO DELINQUENT TAX
PAYERS.
DEPAKrxxNr or FINANCE,

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE,
"a City Hall, August /, 1870. s.
The taxpayers whose names ap-
pear in the following list, will
please take notice that this publ
cation for thirty days constitutes a
Judgment against them.
All bills paid at this Office before
the thirty-frst of August, will be
charged seyentS-five cents for al,
vertising. After that date ! Will
proceed with strict impartiahty 70
collect the bills remaining unpaid,
in such manner as will bring INTO
the treasury the largest sum III the
shortest time.
The charter gives me extraor-
binary power, and justice to prompt
paying taxpayers requires that l
should exercise it.
JOHN S. WALTON,
Administrator of Finance.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23
A MIDNIGHT OUTRAGE IN HARLEM

The particulars or an outrage of the most shame
fnl character came TO light at the Harlem Police
Court, before Justice McQuade, yesterday. young
woman, In appearance quite respectable, giving her
name as Susan Binnie appeared to make charge
OF innocent assault against fellow named John
Reilly who Is already notori0usly familiar TO ali the
police up town. The facts as she stated them are
tfcse:-- ~ Wv
Some time Tuesday night, while she was sitting
On the SIDEWALK In 10th street, between Third and
Foorth avenues, SHE was approached BY the pr-
soncr REILLY and two Others. Reilly threatened to
blow out her brains N she cried or maze any resist
ance Whatever. They then held her down while
each In succession outraged her, She states that she
made ali the resistance that she could and screamed
continually FOR help Her cries were at length heard
by omccr Michael Kennedy OF the Twelfth precinct.
VINO came mp Just as Reilly was about leaving
ner, the other two having already taken to
hight The Ofncer stated that 10 was about
three O'Clock In the morning when he heard the
womanS CRIES and running In the direction rom
whence they proceeded he found Reilly sitting by
the cOmpainant's side and arrested him. The pris-
oner was committed for trial, and the complainant
was also locked up for day or two. Al present
she Is i'm q terribly exhausted condition. and her
whole body IL black aud blue and much swollen
from the III treatment which she received. She said
that she Is the servant OF Mr. Eden Castle, OF Nor
risania Westches'cr county, hut was unable 10 give
any satisfactory reason why she had been out al
such late hour Of the night
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23

II we deduct from the grand total OF the coolies
who have entered the Mauritius the numbers who
were introduced during the last n We years men,
toned, and whose period Of industrial residence
would not have expired, we shall nnd that OF tho ,e
who had served their term not quite one-fourth re-
PRESENT POPULATION or TIE MAURrrrUs.
The number of coolies in tue island on the LIST OF
January, 1865, was $40 males and 800 females
making total OF 2i5, 200. On deuuctng the number
OF Indians who had returned nome at that date from
those who had arrived, we have total OF 2673O
The difference between the former and the latter
toras. amounting to 2l,0le will therefore show the
excess of deaths over births for period Of twenty
three years. but must be considered that the sexes
being very dsprop0rtionate, especially during the
early portion OF the period referred TO- the births
they 20 200 In the ten years ending 1891 whe
the young children brought into the island by the
women would add materially to the number of
deaths, III consequences Of the diseases incident to
childhood.
OF the 245 700 coolies in the island at the beginning
OF 1866, the number working under indcntiire was
s655S, OF whom about thrce-fourths or g. 1888 were
"od nnmigransn who mad re-cngaged themselye
at the expiration OF their first engagement. Many Of
the coolies who have become permanent settlers
have entered into trade while the negro population
either engaged as carriers do the best they can
sident population OF the island IN 1866 was estimated
at 3io,6e4, nearly fourfod what 1t was In the year
1892.
NUMBER OF COOLIES IMPORTED INTO THE WEST
The west india colonies do not order their HinloO
coolies direct from India as Maurltins does, and
there Is tabular statement issued OF the numbers
iyed, az IN the Of the latter colony The gov
ernments oil British Guiana, Trinidad and one or
two Other colonies that have undertaken to organ.
ize and conduct scheme Of immigration, annually
order through the home government In Eng ana the
number OF aborers required by the planters 10 be
sent 10 them from India. The expenses incurred In
obtaining these, with cost OF passage &c is paid
by the colonies receiving them. q portion
OF such expenses being charged against
the planters engaging the coolies, and the
rest beng provided for BY colonial loans
leading seap0rts OF india Tor the purpose OF selecting
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23

There suspension Of emigration from India for SIX
of the prevalence OF cholera.
(a) introduced by private individuals IN 1855.
(b) Chinese and others introduced In lsi3 and 1slS
Adding to the above total the $4,000 coolies who
were introduced Into the Island between 1884 and
1889. we nave grand total OF more than 1853, 600
coolies imported during u period Of q little over
thirty years. This number ~ nearly six times the
slave population OF the island at the time the eman
cipatlon act was passed. In many instances how
ever, the same coolle VIII be counted more than
once having after visiting his native land returned
TO the scene OF his laborsths IN the last year given
IN the above table, $685. or more than one-tenth OF
those received In that year, were returned imni-
grants
NUMBER OF COOLIES WHO HAVE RETURNED HOME
FROM THE MAuHTrIUS
Below we give the 0ilical ilst OF the number of
India:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23

having, In great measure. taken 20 the cocoa
Plantations which abound In the island.
In these statistics OF results we have only quOteo
the leading exports Of the colonies referred toi Dut
they are SUFFICIENT TO Indicate the advantages arising
from the employment Of coOlie labor, which has IN
these Instances, been the means OF raising I'm
povershed lands into highly prosperous possessions.
FEW WORDS OY ADVICE.
Our Inquiries into the c0ole system have convinced
w mat II the Asiatic labOrer, be he Chinaman Or
hindoo, IA 10 be made source or pront 10 the eau
caslan, he must be treated o. man and dealt with
larry ana honestly. II his confidence II not gained
~ VIII he Impossible TO obtain the full benent Of MS
services. To make him profitable laborer we must
nrss make him willing servant, and bhat TINS
can DC done Is evidenced by the details
WHICH we have here given. We nnd this
point Apply Illustrated by Governor Higginsen.
u the Maurilius. VINO, In OF hrs annual reports
on the condition or the colony, says:--"It may be
ainrmed without hesitation that in part OF the
world does the agricultural laborer possess superior
advantages 10 those enjoyed by the Indian immi-
grant In the Mauritlns While here interests are
guarded with the most jealous care, the full value
OF his labor amply secured TO him, and the wages
obtained by him 80 high that In few years he Is
enabled either To return TO his native country IN
aiuence, compared with his previous poverty, or
10 follow within the colony such trade calling a.
ne may choose to select" Depend upon it this prin
clple has been the key 10 the extraordinary success
OF the coolie system IN that colony Its experience
Is now before and IL IL easy 10 avoid the dificui
ties II has al first had TO contend with. II We have
any desire 10 profit by the lesson II has taught us
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23
United states Consul Fish.

IRON the Cork Herald, June ILL.,
AT the Ednburg Police Court yesterday morning
John $. Fish, United States Consul Leih, was com.
mi,ted on charge OF being connected with the
Boulton aud Park case. He was removed TO London
last night,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-06-23
EGcct OH the nratnn

According TO the London Post, In consequence OF
the scandal arising ont OF the OF personating
women, In England some well known professional
actors have determined TO decline taking female
characters ON the stage.
Democratic enquirer. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1867-1873, 1870-09-07
Public Land SWindle.

Since 1862 the Radical par
ty which has been shouting
Gland for the landless," has
transferred over to a gang Of
spectators and railroad COM
panies one hundred and thirty
five millions of acres of the
public domain. More land is
embraced in the above number
of acres than twelve northern
States can show. The stealing
of this land from the people
and passing it over to these
land sharks, the speculating
shylocks and railroad compa-
MES has enriched scores Of
Congressman who were not
worth a dollar when they were
elected. And this is the par
ty, that in the Ohio Radical
State Convention resolved,
"That the policy of granting
subsidies Of public lands to
corporations and monopolies is
uuqualifedly condemned"
Democratic enquirer. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1867-1873, 1870-09-07
The State Fair,

The large number of people from
Vinton county who will doubtless
attend the coming State Fair at
Springfield, Ohio, will be pleased to
learn that arrangements have been
made with the Marietta g. Cincin-
matt Railroad, by which passengers
will be carried for one full fare from
any point on its line to Columbus
and return. This road will also
carry freight frec--that is, the ship.
per pays full freight to Springfield
and when returned TO the origina
point Of shipment, by tho origina
owner, the advance freight money
will be refunded.
From Columbus to Springfield
the several railroads have entered
into similar arrangement.
The State Fair, as is generally
known, begins on Monday, Sept
18th, and continues until Friday
evening, Sept. 10th.
1t offers by far tho largest amount
in premiums, and far the greatest
variety of product of any Fair ever
held in Ohio. 1t will doubtless be
the greatest exhibition, both for
display ofarticles and attendance Of
people, ever seen in the State.
Democratic enquirer. [volume] (M'arthur, Vinton County, Ohio) 1867-1873, 1870-09-07

Poor old father Mackley, editor
of the Jackson Standard and the
Rev. D. Mann, of the NJ. e. Church
at Berlin, are carrying on red hot
personal, political, and temperance
war through the columns Of Mack
ley's Standard and the Herald. "Tis
a terrible war. The Methodist
preacher appears to be one ahead uE
to this date. lie hasnotified Mackley
that the matter can not be compro.
missed War it is; war it shall be-
AS we stood on neutral grounds du-
ring The late John Brown raid on
the South, we shant fight on either
side in the Methodist Mann -Mackley
war.