davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1870-08-14

ct,rhiIcrr3 4B ektlhllehed t1Atthe1e IFA EfeAIet
rvela of fftr-eigltt to sixty yeart, correspond |
ing to five revolutions nf Jupiter and two of |
Saturn. within which the nnTatnd and s,inin'a |
Of the smaller period exhibit = regular varia- |
tion of intensity. H.. -
4 still, larger crclc ia indicated in tue records
Of FUN hpot+-A period Of les !cara, coerc-
spending to two revelations OF Uranus and
one OF Neptune. There can he no doubt that
rmal!er variations arc produced bv the motions
Of the lessee planets, though they have not
i,c1u named. 1t il noteworthy tttat the earth.
.ur. Juri.er. Mars. and Venus were all nearly
in straight limo in the heavens last spring,
and tt1t this unusual co-positiou w.s aceoul-
nanied by an exhibition OF sun spots whi:h i
mucl, greater than the ordinary maximum.
WHAT IA rHx sCt7
Thc r,u is intensely hot, for the t.mpeta-
tute undoubtedly increases from the surfac-
toward tic centre, rs ip tho case OF the earth.
Attempts have been nsdo 10 estimate .ae c.
smonut Of heat excitstion produced hy it,
rars M tho elrth'A surface; and thence at the
soi.r surface, by the rule that tho temperature
liuinistcs with the square OF the dihtaucc-
In this way pouiljet has conclndod that the
ss,,r heat is sufficient to melt daily closeft-
ting envelope OF ice ten and half miles in
u,ickpess; md Sir Johr Herschel stated,
graphically, that it is eqnai to the continuous
melting OF a cslinder Of ice forty y-drc miles in
diameter, shot into it with the velocity OF
light
But sl,cee estimates are b.red on tho unteu-
ab.e assumption that heat il enbjcct to the
laws which govern pondcsable Substances
We know th1t hest is phenomenal only-a
condition Of matter, which, 60 far as We can
n,,lcrrtand. ia an attribute in fact but An ac-
cident in amount. The sensation OF heat 1a a
rerult of vibr1torr motion among the PARTICLES
Of raaltef. Hence whefe there is no matter
there can be no hest. aud the idea Of heat e1'
IsttEG in xheolute void IL absolute nonsense.
Hence the temperature Of the lntcrplauct1rE
spaces laFrto1nstely ITO dcSrecs) Is vary
EeaElE the absolute zero Of heat, for We h1E<
good rcesot. to believe that the weight
u globe nt "ethe1." which won!d inclnlt
the vast orbit OF Neptune. weighs scarcely
Eore than tiuYle grain. Thu capacity oi
this extreme tennity. TOT heat can sc,rcelv be
more than ten degrees. Assuming this ann
tity, We shall have one hundred and tg.nfr ,lc.
crccs below tho Fahrenheit zero "a ,he abso
lutte zero Of beAt-
These considerations show us t1,at the man
;festiou of heat il entirely dependent uno,
the rl,sractct Of the medium in which lts n
hTa,icns occur. The media being entirely di!
1eTcnt. IN tl,e case Of tho Garth and SUI. it
cyiIent that we cannot reason from one to ii
o.ns- I,r anv mere mathematical compariso
NJ arean. ihere is, in fact, only one way
E,;eh o. can measure the intenHity Of heat {
thr uuu-it is by eonp.I1son 81 she.1 ! re-
i've densities, under widely o1ue1aaS pre-
HOW HOT rs TIE srS
ny computations. familiar to thoss WHO
, 1870-08-14

moisture cga10t1ted from tne sus1Aco, auu w
moro, ir returned to It in tho ehspe Of rain.
! dow. hail OF SNOW. The average tctnpeEatuFe
| Of tho whole earth'e surface bclng tsoFe)
| SSH, degrees, while the annual rainfall y
! nearly the same number OF inches. The de-
erase in the evaporation aud rainfall might
he a.eurueI TO be two inches. twill, hoHevor,
be neAsly double that amount. oecAuse me
evaporation increases in greater ratio than
the tempcrature- .......-
Thru. Greater sensible heat 1t many points
on the land, and very irregular register OF
tempes.ture. Tho greater heat Is due to the
asene1 rainfall. Which involves 4 lessened
evaporation from earth surfaces. Every ono
knows how the hot c.zth and air arc cooled
y natural shower. OF by artificial apriul-
the result of tho ensuing evaporation. In
changing from tho liquid TO tho gaseous con-
, dltiop, water abstracts so degrees Of heat
, from surrounding mas.es, changing it frcn
.. the sensible to the latent form; and even this
amount Of abstracied heat IL increased 10
1nore than 400 degrees in passing from or
jiuarv temperatures, through tho boiling
: point to ! state Of elastic Eapor.
Every noupd OF water that ia evaposaseA
from tie land, takes With it ~ much hes, A.
, | would suffice to rise si1 pounds OF ~ater from
:, | tbe ftetziu to the boiling point. Ihe heat
: Is carried into tho upper atmosphere. where
, | it Is set FREQ when the TapoI IL CONDENSED 70
\ form rain. But it doea not aeseenu win ING
r rain it still rieea- to warm the exterior ~.
| md to radiata ouswa1ds into the measurelees
yold. Thus diminished supply Of heat to
the whole globe causes an actual anatSasS o it,
: scnsiblo temperature on MINOR Pofaon o. '''
o surface.
produce effects e4ual 70 tae ;a1 ei III asae ~ ,ur
7 eIobe. Asauming the average 1e9apet,taHse =
and rainfall u atyoieht and one,aon,th ,., de-
fnsir tTn-ffths OF our received heat is carr1et
.ai'S o Ss ss eSapola'on In othos sords. .n utter
absence Of rim xouM result II an .veIsge aa.
j. elevation Of temperature Of about twenty
N three degrees III over, the ea1th's surfaces.
j. Me1e se hsyo lie causs Of tho excessive heat.
+ in raiuiess regions. aia'inution o. 1.ane sne
10 Of four inches, would ratio the tenpet-
on asure Of tho ~hole year nye oe'
In erees above the avesaSs; and the st'
On cess would b very uneqnslly a'stHnu1-,
L. ed in point of time, owing 70 the causes notea
b. II the following paragraph. Thns faI tho ae.
fcicncJ IN the r2iufAl IL much mora tdan 1oo
incbcs, and the e1cs.s OF temperatnre l. cot
re rcspondingly greater. In Chicago s>A-cel.
, 1870-08-14

the anse' would allow als son alone - ses hin
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

THE JEWS IN RUssIA.-Minister Curtin has
made report to Secretary Fish in reply to the
request Of the President that he would inquire
into the condition of the Jews In Russia. The
report states that great ameliorations have
recently been made in regard to the Jews, and
that many privileges have been granted them,
such as gratutous concessions of lands to agri-
culturists, subsidies for expenses Of coloniza-
ton and settlement and exemption from taxa
tion and military duty for q certain term.
They are also entitled to domicilation in any
part Of the empire, and if possessing the
requisite qualifications are admitted to exer :
else public functions, to enter the medical SER
vice of the army, and in some cases are ad-
mitted into the class OF 'notable citizens"
New measures are being discussed for their
advantage, and altogether Russia has shown
by her treatment Of them that she has well
earned her right to foremost position among
the enlightened and liberal nations.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

heart Is right and that he would willingly
assist the struggling Cubans. He has now
glorious opportunity to do great thing, to
acquire the beautiful and valuable island of
Cuba for The United States, and to make him
self more popular on this than on any other
question OF the day, or that can come up dur
ing his term Of Office. Under the existing state
of things the Cuban question is the pre-eminent
one Of the time. Will he cut loose from the
trnmmels that surround him and take bold,
independent and patriotic course? Let notice
be given to Spain that she must quit Cuba, and
that this country cannot be led into lengthy
negotiations. with the prospect of being cheated
in the end, on the pretence of acquiring the
island at some future day, and when public
opinion in Spain may be ripe for
such q transfer. Spain will never
consent willingly to sell or part with
Cuba, and the United States may as well face
the question boldly at first as at last. The
golden opportunity is just now. If Spain
chooses to 60 to war, let her do so. We will
soon take all she possesses in this hemisphere
and blow up her seaboard cities at home. AS
to the damage she could do to our mercantile
marine, that would not be q large item in the
general settlement Of accounts. The advan
tages would be- greater than the loss. 1t
would lead, probably, to the repeal of our
absurd navigation laws, and in the end would
build up much larger mercantile marine. A
war would unite the American people. The
old flag once unfurled in war with foreign
country would rally the people of both sections
again to fraternal feeling with each other. 1t
would give England, France and Europe gen.
orally another lesson of the power Of this
mighty republic. We need not fear war if
Spain should be foolish enough to make one.
At all events, the time has come when we
should secure the freedom and annexation of
Cuba. 1t is, as we have said, glorious oppor-
tunity for General Grant. VIII he seize it
If he should not, it will remain for Congress
to take the initiative and force the administra-
tion TO carry out the will of the people.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

A JUp1oIoUs VERDICT has been rendered
against the Long Island Railroad for an acci-
dent to Edward Van Gaasbeck last spring,
the damages being assessed at fifteen thousand
dollars. A similar verdict to the amount of
FIVE thousand dollars has also been
rendered against the Brooklyn City Rail-
road for q similar accident This is en-
couraging for travellers, and will probably
teach railroad companies that it is cheaper to
expend these amounts in improving their pro-
perty than in repairing damages 10 individuals.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04
TRIPLE S III e E T
New York, Friday, February 4, 1870.
CONTENTS OF TO-DAY'S HERALD.

PAGE
1-Advcrtisements.
acknowledgements.
S-Wasnington Severe Rebuke to Cabinet Min
lister; The Nomination of Judge Hoar Re-
jected; Senator Sherman's Funding Bill; Con-
gress Overhauling the Navy Department.;
Passage of the Mississippi Admission Bill by
the House; Address OF Thomas s. Nelson, Of
Missouri, on the Conflict Between Labor and
Capttal-A Curious Afair.
A-winnipeg: Interesting Details OF Affairs on Red
River-Ex Minister Tate on the Situation in
Hayu-The Darien Ship Cana-The New Bill
TO Secure Purity OF Elections in New York
The Wynockie Children-A Bribed Detective
The Recent Disastrous Collision at Sea-The
Weather in Aaine-A western Fratriclde-
Homicide In Virginia
6-Proceedings in the New York and Brooklyn
Courts Yesterday-The Turfmen's National
Compensatory York City News-Thc Killing
OF DR.. Peyser-Reddy the Blacksmilh-Matri-
monlal vagares-Neeting OF the Board OF
Aldermen-The Seger-Guntzer Aldermanic
Contest--Meetmg Of the National Board OF
Fire MISUNDERSTANDING or the Commits
sioners OF Charities and Correction.
6-Edltorials: Leading Article on our News from
Cuba the Opportunity OF the Government
Terrible Accident in New Haven-Amusement
Announcements.
photographic News from All Parts Of the
World: British Canvass for an English Born
Pope; Parliamentary Agitation In Ireland;
The Great Eastern on the Coast Of India; More
Murders In Havana-Prince Arthur: lie Visits
the Harbor Fortifcations-The Charity Balls
The Academy OF Music Crowded with the Beau
~, Chivalry and Wealth OF the City; Prince
Arthur Enjoying Himself with the Rest
ODituary-Army and Navy Intelligence-Bed-
lamite Philosophy-Tne Board or Indian Com
Observation-Disclosures Heavy Robbery Of Jew
elry-Business Notices.
6-The Proposition to Sell the Brooklyn Navy Yard
and Build New One Up the Hudson River
Two Negroes to be Hanged To-day In Della
ware-Brooklyn and Suburban Intelligence
The Martin whiskey Crusade-Musical and
Theatrical Notes--Marriages on Deaths One
More Question for the Gas Companies TO An
swer-Foreign Miscellaneous Items.
0-The Pilots OF the Port: the Present System and
the Proposed decentralization OF Oflcers
OF the American misunderstanding Extra
ordlnary-Ihe New Post once site-Fnancial
ana Commercial Reports-Meeting Of the
Chamber OF Commerce.
lO-The State Capital: Combinations by the Senate;
Gossip About the New Charter-fachting-
First General Meeting Of the New York Yacht
Club; Communication from the Royal Lon
don Yacht Club The Yacht Cambria,
What She Is and What She Has Done-Lynch
Law In Tennessee-The Spanish Cuban Duel at
Niagara Falls-Candy aud Cosmetic Adutera-
tions-The Negro Exodus from virginia-Ship-
ping Observation-Disclosures
a1-Real Estate Observation-Disclosures
12-Advertisements.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

LEGISLATION IN LoUIsIANA.-The radical
Legislature of Louisiana is evidently not
above suspicion. The colored members, being
new at the business, do not see the necessity
of looking blacker than they can help at the
lobby corruptionists, and some Of the leading
citizens Of New Orleans, including Mayor
Conway, according to the statement Of Gov.
ernor Warmoth, are not averse to securing the
votes of these colored members by lavish
expenditure Of money. The Governor him
self seems to be the mainstay Of the honest
people, having, as he says, refused one hun
dred thousand dollars offered him to sign two
bills. The reconstructed State and the newly
enfranchised law makers evidently take
promptly and kindly to the devious windings
Of legislative ways.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

THE NEW FUNDING BILL.-The Finance
bill yesterday which has large streaks of both
good and bad running through it. 1t pro-
vides for three classes of bonds of four
hundred millions Of dollars, bearing in
terest at four, four and half and five
per cent, running twenty, thirty and forty
years, and it requires national banks to ex-
change their present bonds for the new ones
There is the huge streak of good, but the huge
streak of bad consists in further provision,
increasing the capital of the national banks
one hundred millions and Withdrawing that
amount Of gresnbacks.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

A CLEAR CASE FOR WINNIPEG Win
nipeg correspondent gives an extract from the
New Nation, the official organ of the Winni-
peg revolutionists, which, under the title Of
"Canada's Blunders," gives five instances of
mistakes on the part of the New Dominion gov
ernment in the transfer of the territory. These
five blunders make out clear case for Winni-
peg. Her casus 6eNi is sufficient, and if the
right is always invincible she has sure
guarantee of success.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04
Pr,uce Arth.r /. Now York.

Prince Arthur has now been with us Tor
week, or all but week. He has Denaveo
well, very well. We had no absurd expecta-
tions; but our expectations have been met In
very agreeable shape The Prince has seen
the best of New York society. Our best
people have been kind, thoughtful, conslde-
rate. The Prince has been sensible, wise,
judicious. We have oil learned to admire
young, well bred, well conditioned gentleman.
We do think that Prince Arthur, on the
other hand, has had good reason to admire our
New York society. We have every reason to
believe that he does. In the Princes judg-
ment New York has no cause to be ashamed
of London. Whatever may be the future of
Prince Arthur he will never have any reason
to think or speak lightly Of our republican
institutions at least in 80 far as these are
reflected in our better social centres. This,
however, does not fully state the case. New
York is notoriously the hotbed of Fenianism,
although we do not know if there be live
Fenian in our city. Some journals, disposed
to talk wildly always, did speak of Fenianism,
and did 60 the length Of suggesting danger.
With lively remembrance of Fenian troubles
in Great Britain, and not wholly forgetful of his
brother Alfred's experience in Australia,
Prince Arthur, If he had not, might have had
some fear to show himself In our streets with
out body guard. But he has shown himself,
he has walked our streets, he has driven
through our magnificent Park, he has
10 ho hua hoop
enough to appear at our flremen's ball, and no
voice has been rude, no hand has been rough,
except in the way of hearty greeting. We
have no doubt that the Prince is good and
faithful correspondent, at least to his excellent
mother. Each successive mail and occasion
ally telegraphic despatch convey to Wind
sor or Buckingham or Osborne young
Arthur's thoughts. It would not surprise us
to learn that the Prince has been telling his
mother that he is half converted to republi-
canism. Gentlemen without titles he has found
to be gentlemen. Ladies without coronets he
has found to be both beautiful and accom-
plished. AS for Fenianism, he has not seen
it. The warmest words he has heard the
hear.iest grips he has experienced, he will ever
associate with the sons or daughters Of Erin.
In any case he will ever have to confess that
the American people, as whole, know and
fully understand the meaning and practice of
hospitality. OF the value Of republican insti-
tutons it is long since all the peoples Of Europe
were convinced. 1t is something to know that
we begin to convince princes. Princes as
princes we care little for; but youth, good
birth, good breeding, good looks, spirit, pluck
and genuine manhood we admire and honor.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

SMOKE AND No FIRE-The attempt of the
House to keep Mr.. Segar Representative elect
from Virginia, from his seat He should be
admitted without higgling. Personally he is
q living monument of exemplary conduct and
consistency during the war. The Richmond
Wing, referring to Mr.. Segar, AYERS that ''by
his thorough knowledge Of all the material
interests Of Virginia he could be of vast SER
vice to the State" And it speaks truly.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

A WATCH DOC WANTED. Representative
Cobb in the House yesterday slipped through
IN additional bounty bill of about one hum
dred dollars to all volunteers. Cobb probably
Intended to make political capital and bring
grist to his mill by the movement which will,
lf It becomes law, compel the Treasury to
shell out several millions. None of the watch
dogs saw the maneuvre. If these things con-
tinus we shall have to recall Mr.. Washburne
Gom bis dinners and dancing at the Tuilsriss.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04
TERRIBLE ACCIDENT IN NEW HAVEN.

Yesterday morning, as workman named John
Dargan, employed IN the Judd Manufacturing Com
pany's works, in Howard street New Haven. was
endeayoring TO adjust belt upon Q pulley
attached TO line Of shaftlng near the
ceiling, his right hand became entanglcd in
the belt and he was carried over the shafting.
which revoved at the rate OF lao times In minute
The unfortunate man was nung over and over until
his arm twisted or ana he dropped to the floor.
room alone at the time, and another 'oung man
arrived Just as be lell TO the floor. The walls were
all torn from his body. Dargan was about twenty
TWO years old
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

FREE RELIGION IN SPAIN.-In the Spanish
Cortes on Wednesday the silvery-tongued Cas-
tellar, in many respects the most capable man
in Spain, and certainly one Of the most elo-
quent of living men, spoke out against tho
payment Of the clergy by the State. M. Cas-
tellar will Of course be defeated; but it is
cheering, refreshing, indeed, to find that
another eloquent tongue is enlisted against an
abuse which is as old as Constantine, and
which has done more to injure Christianity
than all other causes combined The State
Church, or money appropriations in support OF
religion, is an evil not yet killed. but the
death hour is not far distant, and some Of our
New York friends ought to know and recog-
nize the fact.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

MISSISSIPPI. Butler reported bill
in the House yesterday to admit Mississippi
on the same conditions as were enforced in
the case of Virginia. The bill was passed.
Thus il will be seen that the radical Congress
refuses to trust even Mississippi, which was
carried for the radicals at the last election by
ten thousand majority against the conserva-
tives led by the Presidents brother-in law.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

A TERRIBLE BILL FOR THE MoRMoNs-The
bill introduced in the House Of Representa-
tives yesterday by Mr.. Cullom. It proposes
simply to deal with the Mormons as outlaws,
and with such as are guilty Of concubinage,
bigamy or polygamy as criminals, subject to a
fine for each offender not exceeding a thousand
dollars and to Imprisonment in the peniten-
tiary not exceeding five years; and the United
States Marshal is to have power to call
upon the United States army to enforce the
law. The news Of the introduction in Con-
gress of such bill will create sensation at
Great Salt Lake City, and if it does not bring
to the Prophet Brigham Young new revela-
tion touching new emigration of the saints
we shall be somewhat disappointed. At all
events, the issue now before the Mormon die
tator is whether he shall abandon polygamy
or abandon Utah, and he must soon make his
choice.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

Coop OUT OF NAzARETH.-For once a
commendable lesson comes to us from Chicago.
The manager of Crosby's Opera House during
the performance on Wednesday evening dis
covered fire in the upper story of his theatre,
and going on the stage calmly informed the
audience that the performance must cease,
owing to an unavoidable accident. The audi
ence quietly, and perhaps sulkiy, retired, and
when outside discovered the escape they had
made.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04

THE CURRENCY BILL passed by the Senate
is q bill to add forty-fve millions in the South
and West to the currency Of the national banks,
at cost of six per cent to the Treasury, when,
upon an issue Of greenbacks, this interest
would be saved. 1t is to be hoped that some
member of the House will put in this difference
between national bank notes and greenbacks,
in the consideration of the bill in that body.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04
To Tri0mphe !-New York Again Free
City Of tho Republic.

10 Triomphe New York Again Free
City Of tho Republic.
The Legislature Of the State Of New York,
in its session for the year 1870, ia bound to
become the most remarkable since the forma-
tion Of the municipal government. Its most
important action has especial reference to-
wards reorganizing the local government of
the city of New York. The new Magma
Charta, comforting well remembered and well
beloved privileges upon our citizens, has
appeared In the shape of Mr.. Frears bill.
The particular points Of this new lease
of liberty are discussed elsewhere, and we
have yet to hear from any quarter worthy
of consideration serious objections to its
final adoption by the Legislature at Albany.
1t is probable the matter will excite the at
tention of the rural members, for by the ac-
ceptance Of the new charter our agricul-
tural friends may be deprived of pickings
which Under the old rSgime-they have rolled
under their tongues as delicious morsels.
But let them not despair There are fields and
verdure upon which they can browse to fat
QeSS WlGuOut touCTOdCuucuL upou tue IlRuIb auu
liberties of the citizens of the city Of New
York.
The new city charter as presented is open
to no objections. 1t Is the result Of the calm
and earnest consideration Of it's trainers, who
are among the best citizens of the metropolis
AS it stands it needs not the dotting Of an 81"
nor the crossing Of a st" to make it the most
perfect model of system of municipal gov
ernment that modern wisdom has produced.
How will the Legislature take it? That is
an interesting question. We do not believe
any city member of the Legislature will con-
scientiously oppose it. 1t may meet some OBJ
jections in the Senate and possibly in the
House. A committee of conference may be
instituted. That committee, we think, will
not go back upon this admirable work, and
the suggestions Of that committee will be to
strengthen and not to impair the splendid
fabric We therefore cordially congratulate
the citizens Of New York upon the prospect Of
being at an early period-say by the 4th Of
July next-emancipated from rural thraldom.
Again, 10 triomphei Let the houses be
illuminated when the act finally passes, which,
we trust, will be speedily.
The New York herald., 1870-02-04
NOTICE TO HERALD SUBSCRIBERS.

We will esteem it a favor if our readers win
inform us, by letter addressed to this office, Of
any derelcton on the part of the carriers of
Tho HERALD, either in furnishing the paper late
substituting other city papers, or leaving spoiled
gheets.