The Hawaiian gazette., 1870-03-09

not OF the smallest consequence.
The only constituent of raw sugar,
which can be used for refined sugar
loaf, crushed or granulated, is that
known as cane sugar All raws contain
also grape sugar, in greater or less guam
titles This is the constituent which, in
honey, forms sort of grain or crystal,
producing what is called candied honey.
1t also forms the hard white Jumps in
raisins, figs, and perhaps some other fruits.
1t is white, and exerts no more influence
on the color than does pure cane sugar,
but it can not be made into refined, white
sugar; and further, it possesses the prop
erty of turning from once to once and a
half its own weight of cane sugar into
grape sugar, in the process of manufacture.
Thus, suppose 100 pounds of raw sugar
to contain 80 parts of cane sugar and 5
parts of grape; in manufacturing, the
cane will be reduced to SS4 or SO, and the
grape increased to or 81 parts. The
grape sugar is as pure, and as white, as
the cane sugar, but it will not crystalize
into refined sugar, and as its presence in
quantity of cane sugar, which only can
be used by the Reiner, he counts that
sugar most valuable to him which has the
most cane and the least grape, although it
may not be as light colored. The grape
sugar, however, is not lost, as it aids in
giving sweetness to the inferior coffee SUI
gars and golden syrup, made from the
DRAWINGS, which will no longer cryrtalize
into loaf; for only portion of the cane
sugar, even, can be crystalized into loaf
One hundred pounds of good raw sugar
will make about so to so pounds of loaf,
and perhaps IS to 80 pounds of yellow
coffee, and the remainder of the saccha-
rine matter, both cane and grape, goes into
the syrup. The Refner's business is to
make refined sugars from the raw, and
not to make coffee sugars, or syrup, and
he only makes the latter from necessity
from the materials which he can not make
into the former; therefore, the amount of
the cane sugar in the raw, determines the
value of the sugar to him, for refining
purposes, and not the color; but, says the
charge of the Court: =" 1t has been shown
that sugar in its pure state is colorless,
and it would seem to follow that the de-
gree or depth of color which particular
article of raw sugar possesses, must vary
with the amount of impurities it contains"
Color, probably, does not exist in pure
cane or grape sugar, but is derived from
other causes, as well as from foreign mat
ter 1t is likewise darkened by lengthen-
ed exposure to the atmosphere, so that
sample which is No. IA, to-day, some
months hence would pass for No. 10. The
same juice boiled in vacuum pan will
produce lighter sugar than if boiled in an
open train, though there is no difference
in its purity. If boiled slowly, it will be
darker than if boiled over quick fire, or
with high steam pressure. If the juice
weighs only 70, it must boil longer, and
will be darker, than if its gravity were
100; and in other ways, it is darkened or
made lighter, without changing its purity.
We have before us the record of about
1900 analyses of some 5000 or 10000
tons of raw sugars, from every sugar-grow-
ing island of the group, and plantations in
every district, and using all the different
kinds of machinery-the vacuum pan, the
open steam and fire train, the sorghum
pan, the Carron pan, &c. Some was pro-
duced on land scarcely above the sea-level;
some, from 500 to $500 feet high; some
exposed to the trade wind, and some not;
some watered by irrigation, and some only
by the rains; so that these trials, it would
seem, must indicate fair statement of the
constituents of which the sugar is formed
We find dark sugars Analysing high in
cane and lo'o in grape, about as often as
the reverse. But to be more particular,
we find the plantation giving the highest
and best analyses, to yield uniformly
DARK sugar, RARELY reaching to No. y,
Dutch standard, but mostly Nos. 10 and
II; the average analyses of sugars re-
ceiyed at five different times, amounting
to lS4,50O pounds, being as follows: of
cane sugar, $500; grape, LBS; and water
and other foreign matters, 272 per cent.
We find, also, five analyses, of as many
arrivals, amounting to 227,5s5 pounds,
from another plantation,-the sugar pro-
duced on which is, perhaps, the most uni
tormly light colored of any plantation on
the Islands-the average is as follows: of
cane, 9l.672; grape, 5,l42; other matter,
3.ls. The first of these is worth, for REIN |
ing, nearly $40 per ton more than the last,
while the last, from its light color, is worth
from $40 to Sl5 per ton more, to be sold |
to consumers. The impurities and grape
sugar from the first average the least, and
the cane sugar the most of any in the
ten. The former has an open steam train.