, 1870-08-14
TYP vAR IN EUROPE.
HetZs
,.. t,v,y eD cor,e*pcnd1''ee cf he -'s~ f''
.sQTf1 N"'1 -f f{TrH{d.

*an, v"'s 30 e''1s;9saa''&e fi9a'a e. nc <' "1
rh, tosu Of Metz being most import ant ~
1.I..s c;cal point Of view, rapid gtance 81
;.a his,or. and present capabilities of defencs
viii IL Of interest. Tue anG'eHt caP " tus ~
ia. uaa;,mxsrci "a people OF Celtic oi1B'n3t DO
Aeut. ~ of the most important cities Of Ganl.
fs Hn;15d G IN Isl by the Huns Of Attila, It soon
Nu.I Nu.nu snd wsy the capital Of the Merovin-
~s ~ the time when tho Empire Of CHARLIE
m.cnc pas dismemteEed III w Mesz was
p: Il Loha,,ng,e; sI;ge 'iG u 900 e lie XII hnsa s of
Ga1snT o. 1za ana of Franco disputed the posasa-
~, ~ s,his nroyiuce, and 1t Ultimately re-
T.o m.;,ta with the former. III l0'2 the Emperor
Tenr nj. gave it to Gerard, : nobls OF
sasrss he thfee bishoMiea Ct Metz, Nonl, and
Ta,irn. In li4A, On the aenand Ut Iiene IL,
,t,s ann IA. besieged By Charles VII. and
a.vcti II .elf by paying raasom OF loO,0oO
ern1n. In l552 Henry II. took possession OF
The three bisbortics, and tinse that time they
have teloDged TO Trance 1heie posseSF0n ~
rs;ns The Emperor Charles Qutnt attempt-
ID to vet.kc tho town with An army OF 6u,uoU
men counmauded By his b.p: Generals, but tie
Nnc de- Gpiee ehnt himself up In Tue town
and wi l,stood the siege ti1tJ-ase u1ss: ~
The 6rpenoise entrance Gate. "hten passea
,n.ctistion IN commemoration Of the event
Charles Quint wae forced to retire. With tlis
sY7nv rat'uccl to one -half by sickness and bat
lie. In 1876 yauban WAS sent by Louis XIV.
to fcrtlfy ths tonn-and tic e;4c:t3ss Nlfn lts
hsatio'r, which hare undef8o1e s nas u, s1gnt s1
we're perfected by Cornontaigno, and
ts,e fo,tr Moselta and Belec7ol1 wa.c roisstruc-
frd. Since the year 1914 tho tyste1n Of in-
s1encled camps has gained ground Cologne.
Paris, Lsyence. Telons ana ether places arc
sur1ennIed with forts which would keep the
eper,, It distance xnd rkaster cutiro armies
between the forts and the eacrinte. This pEin-
cite has been zdontcd i: NJ Il with great dis
ee,rnent by the French engineers.
In o1ler to understand the Important part
that N.tz viii take i'll future waro, soma slea-
c,iptiou is necessary Of the spleutitd work OK
ecute.. By tie engineers in order to permit Of
the tetuo;tilinE IT the mias tle BON bes Al tla
nc,,tc ensled bastious Ia been term cd bT Mar
shaIL Le E1uf. Mctzla situzted 4. the condueace
Of tbs Mcze1!e and the Sei|ls- It sl70 matres
tl.oss tie level of tho saa. On tho right the
p.ace ia commanded By the balterios Of Gueu-
leu and SAINT Julien. Gu An altitude Of about
$50 n,et,es; on the left the nore distant heights
~ the Moselle arc $50 metret. Since 1856, in
| or1er to give more air to thu town, the ST.
I Vincent ftout WAS demolished and pushed for
| ward on The right bank Of the Aosclle. 1t would
cover, in care Of siege, the bridge. OF boats
! NECESSARY for the service Of the gat1isoa. On
| tbs left l.xnk, in advancc Of tie St. Vincent
| t1out, is the Fugt Noaelle, II wbic11 The ax-
irentties OF the four bastions touch tho river.
On tie right bank, facing tha east. the town
uss defended only by the Fort Do Belle Croiz.
! erected ls GolmousaiEue. Ou tbs south, bh-
.wetn the Mo.ells and the Feiile. the place, IN
caee Of ueed, il perfectly secured by an ingent-
Gus =ye!tu. Of foundations. Will, the excep-
tion Ct tho St. Vincent front. dea:gntd By yau~
ban and cormontaigue, no Important modii.
caten las been effected. The twelve millions
s1loSed from the loan Of 1861, for enlsrg1nE
TIE torti6cations OF Metz. have been almoat
c1eha*isal, coneec1ated to the creation Of forts
necessary to mako tho place the great hnl~ark
OF the cast @! France. The Fre:cll engineers
followed tho example riyen by Todleten at
teba- -tofol, whore the Russians raised small
| ta1th1orka On prominent pelnts. which be-
| came 1cdoCbtahle fortressft, uu.1er the fire Of
which the Russians Sustained themselves dur
at Metz tho heights Of St. Quentin, plappc-
| VILE, st. Julien aud Gueulcu hare been
/ crowned NTH forts, aud at present it would be
easy for \ garrison Of 50.001 men to surround
the e1Itreucled camp with continuous en-.
cnEtc Of casthworks sitnilar to tho coartins
wEici, CONNECTED 3Ialakof with tho Kedau.
| The Fort dc Gueuleu. at q distance Of 2.6o0
u,strls IRON the po:tc MaZalle, is composed
oi i've fronts, and contain. easements capable
CT seceiyi. E 100 men The engineers hare
mi tn fj1m,n;.h aa ,nuch as t,vss;iie the iucon
ycn,cnce Of the syttctn, Slic!. does no. aifo1t
sufficient erace for 1it1ed c:nnon. the cngi
ncese Laso constructed III each fcrt al IN
m"lee cGralst4:, to furIirh j s1csnd l'sst. o
frs. There cQraitrs serye az barracks fo
nat Of The garrison. ard tho c.scmtut viii
only he occc|iied III oves.t Of siege. Tn.
Ccrt do G1,cnleu can receive more than 500
men and ,iacc moro than l0o suas OF. tbs ram
psrty.
p Tie Font 81. Julien il a}.o ei,uatcd on th
right bank Of tle MoeelIc. on tho Noat Cl,ltil
| Jcn. ycGO metre. nortl,c1et Of tIc Porte St
1n,if' 1i II ~ a, abont tie ~ satac a1ti,vta as III
Fott st, Julien and has als., two fruute.
Tho Fc.t de rlarrcyilIc. on the left !,ank, /
$500 metres #, n thc Porto dc FRANCE, 1t 4,
altitude Of alout SEQ rnesrcs. and has fou
tro1;ts. 1t can couta,u about tho seu.e ,;arri
spn and n.cun, the same n,t,,De- IT guns a
| Fort ST. Julien,
The Fort 81. Quentin. On the l1eigate OF th
E.ne lame, il At al altitude. Of shout ~
1ae,re., abti is distant $500 ,net.es from Il,
great pow,ier mae-xinr. F-on, Ill points .
tie town csn be seen this f.,ft, eusfended iik
t,hich may te considered tic key fa the posi-
;n - '' ;,1.I.;..,t's r.,S ~ ~ r.
,Aus ~ ~ .4f ~ a. taia !, sMM ,An,.r ~ ~. et
III. ~ ts,,' -, ILL., H. o,ier e,r.. !, IL a.
;rac,,,ar -|1nn, t;das ~ I'M n,a,ra,
.1tes'a. ~ -, e'a1: ~ ~ rra.,.1i
| ,h, ,fava- President t,f f1,,. t-,mu,ttae n
~. SeseI afsaa. II 4n
~ 1cr. o1 "a Ga1 .In ~. ~ ss1,;s.
!ais 'ctt NeA y s1e" o. t's Town y, "1,,, ny,
to"slusitu to,+ sns 1",,r ,rn S. ,,,;n,
Ae.sc naMea lo,'s aEe tae .ouI sslons Po!n' n
~ tto ,n'1tnensa sap od ne.z anu WIFE, ~,
'cw cask me COPS sr'nee eoncensraeei .nel
.outt:, n case q heed' THO" up = cohttnaot
lAe 81 eat,n"o1ks. II, al
aMont liz otnet "osAs VI tn4aof 'aii'o1&ol's
a3e ne 'o!!io"onH. O.!
-, f,rs'-1he toft ae Sans iIlsAs, petWee
.ue Acselle a"o tne senac' 10 LAG soata Of IL
to"n. IT. oo,o l.. ,...
HH-ine hcuouto ocs NcHcs' On :
,ulhcuee !nnt coHn'9aas tue Ioau atiu X
'a.cs o. t1ausielee. 's n!e WIZ cIoss 1aos
- ~ 4ot.s ~ stueatsn 1s atu 'saas vnnsh. 4,
.:; tA!o-tue M es.nt Eley. 70 we soMtn o. .
MnaEc u ~ .hs anne zane aug 20 tne nof.! ~ :!
"ts. ~ 'iG 'o"o' "; 't!c 1'sus lang q !.
Mneele. 1ts "a t1re viii t'o1s those OF sal'
."le" = ~" ta.pe.'te. ne.1 y. ~ a. LILLY pee|'
Is a's,. - sne nu. sn onr ~ .nu ~, "o,
soI'4 W NJ es!snaeo y ou;oy" ~ , 81 Gasa
.Isu ""14a rug wv" @'tu '''o'" 11ssosA'
s-e @''es q W csuf'
~
CnAaKnre'eF-
G.rcral Nicolss- Ai,re- -ThcotluIo Cn.usa
entered ,he a,my Al an ear]y are. and 6isti1
su,ei1cd hiruse!f III thc orerstiot!s uf II
| licLch in A4s;e1s, lie ADVANCED III i.i3 pt
Iessiou farinlv, sa,Iantly sos7Hus each ~
.-cteivc promotion on the t;eld ii ta:t1e
1873 lie uns n,nIe Governor Genesai of 4
i..r. Iv lie rruyi.iur.I Gpyerurceut. Ar
as iHrcetiatels sfte-w.7d elected
,u:.Iy IL .1,o 7eu,-.mr:,, nj II
isi.x. Re heid tie Gs;c.,sr.kjp op:- f,r
-:.r:s tins, lie ca, ;;al ms. ;hs: i. = stale
xe.. IisorietLtle aI.,1 r,c.n i,;::u,. in II If