The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-07-19


alton Of the state OF commerce and intercourse BE-
Xfter existing for hftyone wears ths cons.d.rs,,o,
became, IKE the empire upon whose ruins It was
erected, thing OF the past. On Prussia devoived
the task or building the edl1ce that now covers the
greater portion OF the ground on which it stood.
THE ITALIAN STATES.
that italy out Of Austrian limits, was to be divided
into sovereign States The Italian peninsula,
Sneess presented most complicated aeId TOR dpo:
austria and Of the Genoese republic to tine Kingdom
OF PIEDMONT were soon agreed to by the Congress-,
strauces Of the citizens Of ' the latter
wn9 s desired the restoration Of their
OF the allies to strengthen the States on the French
nonuer and; above all, the kingdom of Sardinia,
from France into italy, caused them to lend q deaf
ear to all Inconsistencies Of the people OF That little
in January. 1914, had Joined the allies and Wfested
Rome from the grasp OF Napoleon his brother-in-
him from private station to the throne Of Sanies
and the old Bourbon family to the Neapoltan
gress; the more especially as Alexander, as we
nave previously int,mateq; out o. spague at
his views in regard to Poland ana Saxcny, openly
supported the claims Of the fOrnier. groundt1g his
support on the engagement that ne should be guar
passed over TO allies The retention OF the crown OF
Naples BY Marat was obviously an anomaly ~ the
sninss il Europe; ana the Bcurbons 6ad q family
interest 10 replacing that crown on the had OF the
ported the claim OF the latter Prince. Indeed, Eng
land had never recognized Marat's title to the
to the common cause T6e British Cabinet Certainly
% Sa sRs s
ton elsewhere should be found for King Ferdinand
ture OF sIlch treaty BY the English Minister; and
On December 20 lsl4 ne caused me%S,al 70 BE-
10 Ls sreey az of as
treaty Of peace between the two crowns;
but that nobleman officially announced to the
that Murat mad SO completely failed in bis own en-
gagements that he had virtually lberated the allies
lutionary throne should be placed so near the In;
iammable material contained in her Italian prov,
Which Murat coveted and had more than once al.
tempted to seize, geve much alarm to the Court Of
OF the crown OF Naples in no danger. was dreaming
O. the sceptre Of the whole of Italy south Of the Pc;
and with that vie in spite OF circumstances from
Vienna and Rome. kept military possession Of the
three legations OF Bologna, Ferrara and Ravenna.
On Fepraary Is to make a formal demand FOR the
passage OF 900 men through the Austrian terrific
This n may possession and demand greatly excited
the jealousy OF the allied Powers which towards the
end OF February was increased by rumors reach1ng
of Elba and the adjoining shoes Of Italy, and an In
tended descent by Napoleon on the coast OF France.
hundred eyentful days which France had yet to pass
through ere the warning elements OF Europe were
fortunes Of Italy settlement which was not dis
turbed till 1859, when the boom OF French cannon
was heard on the plains OF Lombardy and the
crowns ieii from the heads Of the petty Italian
princes ,,,,o 10, %, sor,o too he.r cocuott,no
with both Napoleon aud the allies, no soone heard
OF the formers tfumpnantentrdn into Lyons than
he marched an army into the Panal territories ana
towards the borders OF the Austrian provinces and
frightened the Grand Duke OF Tuscany from his
capital OF Florence. He was however speedily met net
own dominions where his defeate armies soon be-
came demoralized and dlsbanded. Their leader ned
forwards, on October is, met his death IN Caabria,
in Ruthless attempt to rally his former SUBJECTS
ON May Ferdinand ~. issued at Palermo pro
c'amation to the Neapolitars, informing 'hem M
mat he had on reaSSsaaed the after aS
sence of nine years, made his entrance
INTO the capital The Grand Duke Of TUSCANY re-, re-
the union Of some minor territories, among thela
the Isle OF Elba. The Congress OF Vienna In accord
T hs c S'h @ %So
Guiding Austria from the right Of succession. An.
Confirmed cor ned those States to her and after her 70 her
son. who, by the last enterprise OF MS 1ather was
placed IN an m %nnat1ras inc oa sSa
branch Of the house Of Hapsburg. All these petty
ss9!sTsEa y aEe now swallowed up Oy the esy
THE roN1AN ISLANDS. wga
The Congress OF Vienna terminated on the 9th Of
june lsl5-On whichday was concluded Q general
W,
separate acts were recapituated and ratided-but &
supplementary treaty. fixing the destiny OF the seven
on the SIN Of November followny. which was con-
sidered as forming part OF the general treaty BY
this oct these islands were to form NJ singles
nomination Of. the United. States OF the
Ionaa Islands" TO be placed - under the
crown, which should appoint Lord High Commits
soner to reside there; but the Sta es were to regu
| of the protecting Power. The trading dag Of the
said United States was to be acknowledged by all
the contracting parties as the nag OF free and nde
These Islands have been lately, with the sanction
Of England, incorporated In the kingdom OF Greece,
| to which country they geographically belong.
NAPOLEONS RETURN FROM BLBA.
Just at the time when the quarrel Of the congner-
wolves. were still intent upon deyonring Poland and
thunderbolt from one end Of Europe TO the other ~
| extnguished all diplomatic jealouses and Instantly
Powers Previous TO this, however. the rumofs Of
! the correspondence between Eba and Naples.
which we nave o, aer ,s S
| removing Napoleon nom the neighborhood OF
Italy was more than once agtated IN the Congress,
ana various places OF residence were proposed for
him in exchange for ISIba, among these one Of the
Canary Islands, which was suggested by the Portu-
| guese Minister, and St Helena or ST. Lucia, which
were proposed by Lord Castlereagh. Alexander, ON
the other hand. firmly held out for adherng TO tue
treaty by which the fallen Emperor was placed In
possession OF Elba. The fears Of the other Powers
| were, however, too well grounded, and while'
according to Q witty remark made at the time the
| Congress was dancing, ont not advancing, on the
18th Of March, news was brought to Metternlch, at
| great ball at Vienna. that Napoleon had secretly
lett Eba." Nearly week before this event.
namely, on the lst Of March-the Emperor landed in
France, near the spot where, on the previous year.
he had embarked for his island home. aud on the
announcing his return from exile. he immediateiy
| commenced his march towards Paris, receiving
| upon the way numerous adheslons Of French troops
| to the small military force OF 1000 men who came
with him from Elba. He entered the capital on the
| evening OF the 2oth. The king ned therefrom
during the previous night ana proceeded TO
Lille whence he afterwards removed to Ghent In
Belgium, where on the I'd OF May he issued decla-
| ration to his subjects" calling upon them to rally
round him, and stating that the great Powers chad
decreed the destruction OF the tyrant." and would
come to their aid and relieve them from the ODpres-
sion and usurpatlon under which they suffered atthe