The New York herald., 1870-09-22
The Occupation Of Ronc-Crowning the
Italian Edincc.

| Such, we trust, may be Its use at Rome. Our
| very full and graphic special accounts by tele-
graph published this morning announce the
formal occupation of the Eternal City by the
Italian regular army, under the command of
Major General Cadorna, and the enthusiastic
reception of that distinguished officer and his
troops by the Roman people. In this truly
great event-one, assuredly, of which every
succeeding day will prove the immense i'm
portance-the eager aspirations that Italy has
cherished for generation past approach dis
tinct and practical fulflment. Italy Is dead
haughtily exclaimed the men of reaction
when they saw the rislngs Of 1921 and 1881
put down In blood. Yet in the very agony of
those ll-fated efforts the real Italy Of our
time began to live. The desultory attempts of
secret conspiracy and open rebellion working
disconnectedly in many places remote from
each other, and chiefly for local objects, were
then foiled and the petty tyrannies existing,
under foreign auspices seemed to triumph.
But beneath this pressure OF salutary chas-
tisement the 'tfederativo" idea which the his
torian Botta had made familiar to his coun-
trymen in his great work ON the American
Union took birth and was nursed into
strength and beauty by q brilliant school Of
political writer's, the influence Of whose genius
was felt not only throughout their own penin-
sula, but in every part of Europe. ''Yet,"
says the Able Gioberti, whose name stands
side by side with that of Count Balbo at the
summit Of the list that enumerates these Illus
trious minds of Italy's revival, ''the idea Of
federative unity, far from being new to the
Italians is of very ancient date in their coun-
try; it is natural to their genius, to their
manners and customs, and is in conformity
with the institutions and geographical condi-
tions of the, Peninsula" aeres>' y - =
!. A confederation, then, of all the italian
States, At the head Of which should be placed
one enlightened and beloved prince, was
the grand thought that, after sixteen years of
earnest discussion, took positive shape in
1S47, when the voice Of Plus TX was heard
summoning the nation, in his name and in the
name of Rome, to rescue Italy from the arro-
giant pretenslons Of the Austrian Power.
~Fuori 10 straniero" (''Away with the
stranger!) was the cry that rang out, at the
Pontiical signal, from the Alps to the Straits
of Otranto, and 1t was Immediately echoed by
shouts of s'Viva Pio!" all over the Peninsula.
Those words of affection were wrought into
harmonious numbers by the musical and
poetic genius Of the hour, fred to its highest
fight by patriotic emotion. ''Evviva Pio!"
became at once the rallying cry of all the
Italian youth, and the national ''Hymn of Pho
Mono" was heard at every threshold, in every
street. in every valley and on every mountain
side. 3, 1t was sung In chorus by delighted
thousands in the pleasure gardens of Turin,
Florence, Rome, Naples and the Sicilan cities,
and, chanted on the battle field, it nerved the
young soldiers Of the Peninsula who
focked to the defence of the Italian from
tiers. In word, the chief and head
of the Church, proving himself patriot
new school of thinkers and writer's and by the
grateful people as the most comprehensive and
universal embodiment of influence, moral,
political and national, that could be placed at
the head of the proposed confederation. A
certain analogy was even discovered between
the position Of the District Of Columbia, COM
prising the city of Washington, and that of the
Papal States, comprising the city Of Rome.
Plus TX, then under happy influences, en-
couraged this federative idea by suggesting
and advocating the Italian customs league
which was concluded on November 8, 1S47.
What followed this Italian revival, within
few months, is part of the most thrilling
annals of our thrilling time. Plus TX. became
the cynosure of all eyes. His name was
honored and sung in every land. The fercest
opposition relaxed into friendly smiles, and
new dawn of Cancellation seemed to be ascend
ing brightly over world so long discordant.
What the influences successively brought to
bear to obscure this halcyon vision may have
been it would occupy too much of our space
just here to tell. God worked in His grander
way.
On the night of February %, 184s,
party Of Americans, celebrating the birthday
Of our first President under the very shadow
of the Pantheon, appealed to the glorious
memories of Rome and hailed the opening of
another splendid epoch under an enlightened
and patriotic pontif. Of the little band who
sat there that night some are now in the
Senate Of the United States others preserve
the memory of those youthful hours Of high
faith and hope amid the labors Of secluded
paths On the very next day the echoes
of the revolutionary uprising in France
were heard around the Vatican, and within
week the trumpets Of the republic rang
over the whole Continent. Italy's hour Of
struggle came; Rome hoisted the democratic
flag; French diplomacy, then working for
reaction, bore Plus TX. away to Gaeta for
time, and afterwards carried him back with
fire and sword over the smoking ruins of outer
Rome and the dead bodies of hundreds who