The Leavenworth weekly times. [volume] (Leavenworth, Kan.) 1870-1880, 1870-09-22

sketch - ~ P.pal Territory.
From the N. Y. Herald
After rule extending over 4 period Of
more dan eleven hundred yeau, the day
DecDs Z hand wien the Pope dali cease to
exercise tsopofal power, and when Rome
pnce more becomes the capital of Italy. Ten
years ago the greater part Of the PaIal terri
Tory revOlted and was annexed to the govern
ment Of Victor Emanuel. In 1859 the
POpe's .tempOralities covered Is, 2S9 square
miles of territory, containing population of
3, l24, 66S. The revok Of 1860 took away
everything but the civil divisions Of Roma
and Comarca, viierb0, Civita Vecchia,
Velletri and Frosinone-the whole contain
ing 4 $50 square miles and a populatioa of
go, los. Geographically the States of the
Church are bounded on the north by Tusca-
ny, on the east by Umbria and Naples, on
the southwest by the Mediterranean Sea.
Their greatest extent from north to south is
about 10 miles, with a breath varying from
eighteen to fifty miles. The coast line meas
ures about l6O miles, and is in nearly all
places low and often marshy. Although it
is broken by numerous bays nearly all are 80
small and shallow that they are totally unfit
for harbor purposes. Civita Vecchia is the
single exception, and even that place pos
senses but few natural advantages as COM
mercial seaport. 1t has been, however,
since 1860 the onlyiseaport held by the Pope,
and has served Is the principal means Of
entrance and exit to and from Rome.
Civita Vecchia is situated on the Mediter-
ranean, some thirty-eight miles northwest
of Rome, and contains population of I, 900
souls. 1t is surrounded by walls, is well
built, and contains numerous converts,
churches and hospitals, an arsenal, building
docks, theatre and convict establishment.
The Emperor Trajan built the Port. The
harbor is formed by two large moles, and
outside is breakwater which protects the
shipping from the heavy seas brought in by
western gales. For many years Civita vec-
CHA has been free port, and at one time
carried on an extensive trade. Since the dis
memberment Of the Papal territory, how
ever, its commerce has been declining, and
at the present time its business is compare
lively small. Nevertheless, the town has
regular steam cOmmunication.with Marseiles,
Genoa, Leghom, Naples, Greece, Egypt and
Turkey. A railroad connects it with Rome.
Church is mountainous, save on the seacOast,
river il the Tiber, which rises in Tuscany,
and pursues tOrtuous course east and south
east to within twenty-five miles of Rome,
when it flows mostly sOuth-southwest to the
Mediterranean. In consequence Of the diff
Guilty of Distinguishing the land from the sea
the mouth of the Tiber is dangerous to APP
proach, and the danger is increased by the
prevalence of thick fogs during the greater
part Of the year.
As general rule the soil of the country is
possessed of great natural fertility, and, with
ordinary care, produces large crops. 1t is
doubtful, however, If there is any other part
of Christian Europe where cultivation is
more primitive than here. The principal
productions are grapes, olive, silk, rice, to-
baccO, coriander, anise seeds, mama, sugar
cane, indigo and cotton. Live stock is
abundant, goats and sheep being in large
numbers. They are valued principally for
their milk, from which large quantities Of
cheese are made. In addition To these pro-
auctions there are several manufactures Of
silk, wOollen and hosiery, perfumery, jewelry,
mosaics, &C.. but none Of them cyn 4e said
to flourish. One great drawback to industry
in the Roman States is the want Of good
roads. There is but one short railroad and
the ordinary highways are in very bad con-
ditiOn. Communication across the Ape
mines is exceedingly difficult, and is carried
on mainly by mules. The present Pontiff
has several times exerted himself to carry out
plans of improvement, but has never sue
cccded in doing anything, principally be-
e II of Ia,
the political agitatiOns which have repelleti
capital from seeking investments in this part
Of Italy.
Of Rome it is unnecessary tOsay anything.
There is harlly child in the United States
ignorant of the history OF this the most IA
nous city in the world. 1t would be well
here, however, to correct false impression
which is current with many persons, and
some well informed ones among them. In
Rome, and throughout the Roman territory,
facilities for education abound to Il greater
extent than in any other part of the CONT
nent, excepting France and Germany. At
the last census the ratio Of educated persons
in Rome was estimated at one to six of the
whole population. which is better exhibit
than in England, where the ratio is as one 10
eight and half There are several univer-
sites and numerous other schools in the ter
ritOry, at most of which education is free.
Should the States of the Chuach be an
nexed to Italy, the oldest government in
Europe will be swept out Of existence. Dur
ing the reign Of the Emperor Constantine
the Catholic Church began acquiring pro-
perty in Rome. In ZIG the PoIes possessed
considerable power and influence. Elected
by the popular vote, they had endeare,l them
selves to the people, who finally paid them
that allegiance which had been extended to
the EmperOrs. When, in 74l, the Lombards
laid siege to Rome, the Pontif. Gregory
ILL.,, sent an embassy to France imploring
the aid of Charles Martel. Subsequently
Pope Stephen H., obtained he aid
Of Pepin, who marched an army
into Italy, defeated the Lombards and COM
PEELED their king, not only to abandon his
design upon Rome, but also to cetle to the
Pope a great deal Of territory, situated prin-
cipally on the Adriatic. From this time the
POpes became temporal sovercigns, and their
territorial possessions were greatly enlarged
by Charlemagne after his destruction Of the
Lombard monarchy. Ever since the Popes
have been the rulers of Rome and great
part Of Italy. Repeatedly driven from the
city, and despOiled of their temporalitics,
they have always succeeded in regaining
possession after intervals of war. In 1850
the first what may be called peaceable spolia-
ton took place, nearly all the foreign Powers
advising Pope Plus to acquiesce in the seiz-
ure of the greater part Of his dominions.
Napoleon Ill recommended him to volun-
tarily give up everything but Rome. lie
indignantly rejected this advice, and respond
cd to the violence of the Italian government
by communicating Victor Emmanuel. He
is now, We suppose, powerless to resist what
seems to be the inevitable result Of the pres
ent European complications.
The Defenees Of Paris.
From the Chicago Tribune.
The New York World, whose utterances
upon military issues connected with the
present war have been better specimens of
writing than Of prophecy, declares Paris to
Ike one of the most fnrmidahle strunchOlalS