The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1870-11-30

Quatrefages. the eminent French anthropolo-
gist, however, is very decidedly of the other
view, and insists that an intermingling of
races is of the greatest Importance IN develop
ing new and desirable types of mankind. In
modern times, he says, each new mixture has
given birth to civilization superior, at least
in certain respects to those from which it
took its origin. Two great sources have fur
nished the origin of the European people;
on the one hand, the Allophyllic (or aborigi-
naD stock itself presenting numerous deriva-
tive branches, and, on the other, the various
Aryan tribes. The modern European is
hybrid, thousand times crossed from the
Allophyllic and the Aryan races.
In estimating the value of a mixed breed,
such as is found in South America, we ought
TO use as our standard of comparison the
actual white ancestors, and their -blooded
descendants, the Creoles. Ii is not fair to
draw comparisons with the superior class of
whites which has been exposed for centuries
to all the refining influences of modern Euro
pean society. The South American mixed
races are wholly acclimated. Quatrefages
quotes authority for declaring them ''robust,
indefatigable, SOBER" some declare them
equal, or even superior, to the pure-blooded
whites; and he has met with no traveller
who states that the mixed races are notably
inferior to the whites as respects
intelligence. They have "much of intelli-
gence, spirit, and imagination" The inter-
mixture of four dis met peoples-Portu
guese, natives of the Azores, and the Gaya-
nazos, and Carijos-gave birth, in the pro-
vince of st. Paul, to a hybrid race, which in
physical characteristics was equal or superior
to the Creole races that remained unmixed;
which governed all the neghboring races by
its warlike energy, in times when war, SO to
speak, was the normal state; which, changing
with the general condition of society, came
back to more peaceful occupations, and in
ctin yOl &c l,o,,.
energy, courage, and enterprise equalled, if
it did not surpass, that displayed by the Euro
pean conquerors of the country.
The beauty of the mixed blood of black and
white is not to be disputed. In Martinique,
ST. Domingo, Brazil, and other countries,
the mulattoes compare very favorably with
the whites in all respects.
But in America the period of the invasion
of races is still going on, and the experiment
of amalgamation is far from having given
settled result AS an example of perfect
amalgamation, the author cites the Pitcairn.
Islanders, who took their origin in 1889,
from nine English sailors, and six men and
fifteen women of Tahiti. In 1913, owing to
feuds, there remained but four whites, and
ten women, besides children. Three of the
white men died before long, and the remain
der lived in absolute seclusion from the rest
of the world. until visited by Captain Beechey
in 1926. He found population of sixty-six
persons, remarkable for their beautiful pro-
portions, their muscular power, and extraor-
dinary agility: their keen and quick intelli-
gence, their earnest desire for instruction,
and their moral qualities. Certainly this
society was superior to the very great ma
jority of the original component elements.
Dr. Bastian supports a view analogous to
that of De Quatrefages. He says:-
Nothing more strongly charaGterizes the
profound confusion, and the utter want of
II ns..1a Ill
than the prevailing opinion of the degene-
rating influence of mixture on race; while it
is patent that, wherever civilized peoples
appear in history, they are but the highest
product out of an infinite number of mix
lures. Generally the primitive roots of their
chronological genesis go back to prehistoric
times, which are far removed from our view;
they (the roots become known only by their
effects when the race in the light of history
has grown into dominant nationality, but
every scientific inquiry is at an end if we
then want to consider such nationality as q
Deus er nldchind, instead of analyzinR its
organic genesis. We talk of purity
of race; breeders consider it of
the utmost value to retain the
blood of their stock pure, and not to dete-
riorate it by mixture. So far, so good. But
are therefore these thoroughbred races pure
races, if by pure is understood primitive and
aboriginal? Is the improved English short
horned breed of cattle the representative OF
the wild Species or is it not rather creature
grown out of many and most artificial cross
ings? In the race of Berkshire hogs, as il
now exists, we find English, Tonquinesian,
and Neapoitan elements, which compose this
valuable breed, as has been proved by Nathu-
sius. The English race-horse is certainly not
the progeny OF the wild horse of the steppe
of the pampas; on the contrary, it is pro-
duced by careful crossings out of Arab barbs
and English blood in order to provide it with
the requisite qualities. The Arab horse also
will be, according to all probabilities, the
product of crossings, its origin dating back
into prehistoric period"
An article on the ''Race Question in
Ireland, by j. W. Jackson (ARthrOpJOgicGl
Re0teao, January, 1860, recognizes the same
law in limited degree. Few facts, says
jackson, ''are now better established than
the periodic baptism of certain types by theil
racial correlates. The conquest and coloni
zation of the Celtic area by the Teutons il
an instance in point. The previous conquest
of the same area by the Romans is another
Now, from the latter the Irish were wholly
exempt, both to their moral and physical dis
advantage. And they have but impsrfectly
partaken of the benefits of the former. The
result is that, throughout large portions
more especially of Munster and Connaught
we find the Celt in a state of racial exhaus
tion while he everywhere lacks that politi
cal and municipal training which we owe tC
the domination of Rome, and that social or
ganiZatiOn hich We have derived from feudal
ism.
In regard to England, he states that the
Celtic element in that country is totally mis-
apprehended. While the majority of English