davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
F0RTY-FIRST CONGRESS,
This Afternoons Proceedings,
SATURDAY, June %, 1870.

Mr.. Wilson, from a. Co.,
Affairs r.nor,aa - , on 'iui'Ary
,, W win amendments the bill Civ
ing certain oounties to officers and volunteers
Mr.. Howard, from the select committee mo,
the case Of Davis Hatch made A renort askfn,
that his memorial be indefinitely postponef
The report was accompanied by the Testimony
in the case. ~ 'e'''''0"s
Mr.. Schurz stated that the minority of the
committee, consisting of himself, Mr.. Ferry.
and Mr.. Nickers. desired 70 give their views
Ssnd in tbe npne4 Sins " th ane senate he should
retary during the course OF the day Ne sIso
asked leave 70 present joint resolution from
'nT I'm lninorltf; HoIl
M oe IesiaeW suggested 70 Mr.. Schurz
;oint reso,n,;ons ws, s !c,nt .d fesouon until the
. ton. Iesoiuuohs were called for IN the order OF
a. u ~ was not usual & for the minority of
c,o,n,,h.a ,n, ..on OommIee on District Of
1,.a: noa or,eu JoinI resolution relative TO
hia' '"'"P'Ne ioHu' LII 'ne Disuicto Oh colum-
ois.
Ac, OH 70 provide ior the introduction OF
"se' Ne a mSuS IN .ne Dlsulct OF columbia
tive to the comnisints os i1nt , resoution rela.
Nc Nc P,,n.eo ,1 anI n ia,d on the table.
m MI. sumner called up the resolutions in rela-
oon 10 Ouoa.
Inc report OF the committee of conference
ue v,ii W ameno 'ne bankrupt act was con-
our,ea III.
th @ OF sne house to the bill to
~'@'ae eesSh
NvWHipsTny va VoncuIreu ia.
aI.s: wi. Sassely 'nen took me moor on the Cuban
80 r; cu 49, nioHo uIuh ohe ociock' wnen
'ns .nos hns nout eAPire9-
consn,;dat;on 81 .se W u.Ii SutnoriEing the
consVmuauon vi tne western North Carolina.
.nS hng%n, tha SpsrtaSm Snsrios.e >and kutherford
anu ..e SpaITourg ana lnion railroads,
GueI T. . sne naine vi tne western Noitn carolina
In.s nn.ensaon n, nan~ay Oompanyi for the
Purpose OF constructing q railroad TO Cleve-
iand' Ienn.
HOUSE-Mr Poland, (yt,) from the com-
ro;t,.a a, .ons..a,.. A., a.. 49,. ~ vi.
.o,so-. -, 1P' 'iii' n"ue
.Po' "nen "ae Agreou o'
MI; JuIan Ind obtained leave to take from
chsnoinc The hon.J.,;es ~ VII IN Ieiauon 70
was passed "' ''"N i0es' WHICH
An honr this mornin. h.r;rr ..,-
assigned to the Comm,ttee n,e Son paesiousIy
D;rSn m y ro,>oo.x - I'm on commerce, mr.
Marine Hosnitai service amd ~ nso gsIe ~. i .ie
relief of scE and d;ea hisd s.I ios .le
ate amendment: which vas asraed 20 ~ 'en
Also, senate bill 70 ipcorr1yste the Na,,or.,
RoIivian N.viast;an Cnr,.na ~'e INC Nauonai
Mr.. Paine Mis- moved 70 iav thu h,u ,,,,
the table. Rejected. " 10y '"e o'A' ui'h
Mr.. Logan then offered an amenarsr, ra
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

To EDITOR OF STAR: The following card wa.
sent to the Chronicle for publication in reply to
an ingenious editorial which appeared yester-
day morning in that journal relating to the In
ternational Ocean Telegraph Company, for
which am counsel in Washington; but hav-
ing failed to appear this morning, have re-
spectfully to request that you will publish it in
your issue OF to-day. JAMES HUGHES.
Washington, June Is, 1870.
Editor Of Chronicle: The leading editorial ar
dcle in your paper this morning, headed "The
Cuban Telegraph Company" does injustice to
that company and its president, General Smith.
The statement Of facts in the article is erro-
neous. Ii would occupy too much space to en-
ter into refutation or reply in the columns of
newspaper, but presumins that your editorial
beg leave to state that Senators and Represent
atives will soon be furnished with pamphlet
containing full exposition of the matter. The
pamphlet viii consist principally of correspond
ence between the company represented by Mr..
Field and his associates on the one part, and the
company represented by General w. r. Smith
and bis associates on the other. In the corre-
themselves respectively, and Ii fairly presents
both sides Of the controversy.
General Smith recently passed several DAYS
allegations that might be made against his COM
pany, before the proper committees of Con-
grese; but no one appeared to vouch either for
accusations, in his presence. VI ''.e'
He left the city for New York on last Wednes
day evening. The attack comes now in q public
form after his departure.
His company has not exceeded the rates of
charge liked by law, nor violated its charter in
any other particular, as / am advised and
believe the truth to be. II has, however paid
three per cent. Of its gross receipts to the gov
ernment, under the internal revenue laws: and
this Is what no other cable telegraph company
has done. The whole matter win be fully pre-
sented before Congress In due time: meanwhile.
reference is respectfully made to the memorial
OF General Smith, presented to Congress and
instant. JAMES 6uGHIa-
Counsel Tin Washington for the International
Ocean Telegraph Company.
June "a, 1870.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
SPECIAL NOTICES.


Having made arrangements with some Of the best
Distlleriee in the country for old vhiskes, offer
the following we'll known brands at very low prices,
viz; The celebrated Old Crow, seven years old, Ss
lon. Robsrtsons ., years old, $3.50 per gallon old
Family Nectar, years old 81 9 per gallon. The cell
don Old Town Gin, S3 per gallon Steug6ton Btters,
~ per gallon. Dry Catawba still, tfrom Urbsna
still from North Carolina, S3 per gallon. All the
above is at least per gallon cheaper than can be
Liberal discount to the trade. c. GAUTIER,
Proprietor of the celebrated Native Wine Btters.
No. 1917 and 1 219 Pennsylvania avenue, and "a
North Charles street, Baltimore. Md. jeA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

AFFAIRS IN PRINCE GroRaK's COUNTY. Mn
following items: S
Oar Railroad Our railroad contractors have
all now very full forces engaged upon their re
spective works, and are pushing the same on
timely. The Sheriff has summoned juries 90
meet st Mortimer l.. Wilson's ESQ. ON tn.
Washington Branch, on Wednesday, the 18th.
and on Thursday, the 30th, at this place 90 con,
demn the right OF way through some OF the land
to which title could not be otherwise procured
They are also driving the piles and progressing
very well with the construction OF the bridge
across the Collington Branch, just outside the
town, the heavy work upon the bridges AMI
culverts on the line above here o. the Patnxent
being already completed ss also the masonry OF
tne bridge across that river near GOvernOr's
bridge. The President has signed the bin AL
lowing our road to pass through the District
over Long Bridge. We listen anxiously for the
shrek OF the locomotive which we are assured
will gladden. our ears long before the winter
Nrnptke-Confrdct Ardrded.-The directors
OF the District of Columbia, Centreville znI
Prince Georges County Turnpike Company
met at forestyille on Saturday last, and agree
able TO their advertisement. awarded the con-
tract for the first mile of road below Forest VILE
70 Mr.. Richard Skinner, OF washington city.
The price at which Mr.. skinner takes the con-
tract-Sl, ,lso-is little below that paid 10 Mr.
Wilson for the other end OF the road whilst the
labor Will be about the same, at least until It
approaches this village, when the gravel will
have TO be hauled some distance. The work
orously.
ArTirai Of Richdrds.-Sherif DuyaTl, OF Anne
Arundel county, reached here on Wednesday
last, having Henry, alias Nimrod Richards, in
charge, whom he safely lodged in our Jail. where
ne now remains until the day OF execution. The
prisoner receives every attention from the
catholic clergy OF this city, and his personal
comforts are carefully studied by Sheriff Fraser
s aIa n', - suooranstes whilst every preesntion is
He continues very sad and reticent, and passes
most Of his time in religious reading.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
TELEGRAMS TO THE STAR.
This Afternoons Dispatches.
ASSOCIATED PRESS REPORTS.


fkOM EOkOFE 1V.DAY.
The Riots I'm Cork, Ireland-Eeyision
Of the Bible-Canaia and Great
Britain.
TeleorapAed Exclusively to The Evening Star.
LONDON, June ,5-The morning journals
publish interesting details of the riots which
occurred At Cork Yesterday and the day before
were offended obstinately. The cavalry charged
and carried them, many police were wounded,
but 20 far as known only one Of the soldiers was
seriously hurt. The latter's skull was fractured
by stone hurled by one of the rioters. The
police are still actively at work, and many of
the leaders Of the disorder are In custody.
held satisfactory preliminary meeting yester
day. 1t was resolved to reassemble on the 18th
OF July for three days session.
recent affairs in Canada, and argues thencesor
the maintenance of the colonial empire.
The Crops I'm France.
PARIS, June 25.-In the Corps Legislatif yes
terday in reply to a question, M. Louvet,
Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, ex-
planned that notwithstanding the drought the
government had satisfactory reports of the
crops. No precaution or provision has been
neglected to guard against famine.
From Spain-The Judicial Treaty
with France-The Subject Of General
MADRID, June 25-In the Cortes Thursday
before adjournment to october was voted, the
Minister of State, in reply to a question, said
Spain had signed the judicial treaty with
France after consulting the Council Of State
and he therefore judged the permission OF the
COrtes was unnecessary. Subsequently, Gen.
Prim opposed the project for amnesty at pres
ent as an act of weakness. He stated that am
nesty would be accorded at a more OI Fortune
moment.
Queen Isabella Formally Abdicates.
PARIS, June 25.-It is reported to-day that
ex-Queen Isabella, of Spain, will sign her SOL
emn abdcatiOn to-day. Marshal Bazaine and
other important persOnages will be present as
witnesses.
The EcumentcAl Council.
ROME, June 25.-It is reported to-day lat the
Ecumenical Council will sit through the sum-
mer, not adjourniDg finally till Easter. One
hundred speakers inscribed on the infallibility
dogma are yet to be heard. 1t is said that
new definition has been proposed, designed
solely to disorganize the minority. The fathers
who are hostile to infallibility continue to re-
ceive congratulatory addresses.
London Merchants Object to the Chi.
nese Treaty.
LONDON, June 25.-The London merchants
insist at the foreign office on their objections to
the Chinese treaty.
Asteamer Run Down at Sea-Nobody
Hurt.
LIVERPOOL, June 25.-The Inlian steamship
City OF Brooklyn, which left Liverpool Thurs
day, the 23d instant, for New York, ran down
and sunk the Geiger OFF Arklow, Ireland, yes
terday. The crew of the Geiger were saved.
The steamer was not injured, and proceeded on
her course.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
Explosion OF Fire WOrks-Fire and
Loss Of Life.

fetegrdphed Erctustrety TO The Erening Star.
PHILADELPHIA, June 25.-About half-past
four O'Clock this morning an explosion occurred
in the store Of John Bussier on the wharf below
Chestnut street. The building was filled with
fireworks and in a few minutes the whole estab-
lishment was destroyed. James Walton, aged
II years, was passing the street at the time, and
was blown some distance and seriously injured
about the head, and his eyes are probably gone
and 1t Is feared he will not recover. The fire.
men were promptly on the, e,,e sRaet oss , i insIsJ
the store with branch pipe and was terri
bly injured by an explosion, causing death AT
the hospital in an hour afterwards. Two mem
bers OF the Hibernian were also slightly injured
The proprietor of the store is unfortunate HIS
store was burned out last year Just before the
Fourth OF July. The origin of the fire is a
mystery, as the store was not open at the time,
but it is generally attributed to spontaneous
combustion.
The flag at Adams express is displayed at
half-mast on account of the death of John A
Bingham, the resident manager.
PHILADELPHIA, June 25.-The explosion blew
out fourteen inch wall between BUSTERS store
and the adjoining one, occupied by Phillips *
Bro, dealers in fruits and fireworks. Their loss
Is $40 OOO insurance S2i 900; including Sc 600 in
the Home Company of Hartford. Busters loss
Is $40 600; insurance So, 200. Loss on the build
ing, $1,000; insurance $1,000. Frederick l..
Wade, another fireman, is not expected to re-
cover. About dozen other persons were
slightly injured.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
LECTURES.
L c 7 U Il = {.

HON. THOMAS W. TtPTON.
United States Senator from Nebraska, will Lee
tHre in
WAUGH CHAPEL NJ. Z. CHURCH,
Corner OF St north and Sd ST. east, Capitol Hill. on
TUESDAY. JULY 5, at clock 2. m on q
" The Life, Character, and Sad Faie Of the Rer
George u. Cookmdn"
The friends Of this lamented divine and the pub
lie invited to attend.
Tickets 81 cents, to be had Of q. G.. Purcell, 9th
street. and Charles ii Laue, Pennsylvania avenue,
between ~ and 9Th SITS. je25.jy25-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25


Jubilee.
~Canads has just had her first colored jury
man.
0The divorce courts of Indiana are this year
buster than ever.
Switzerland to France by the Emperor. :
n7At the late election in Washington Terri
tory fifteen women voted.
n%It is announced that false ckionons, plaits,
and curls can be and have been made Of spun
glas.
~Palace cars for excursions are a Troy
street railway exfrsvagance.
0The lsscst European visiting card COM
binee the address and q rignette Likeness OF the
caller. 1906
business by getting up divorce clubs st commu-
tation rates.
~Prof Mather, OF Amherst, recently made
sleepy congregation stand mp In the middle Of
o sermon and sing two verses OF hymn.
~As Adolphus said, whom Ausustus pre-
sented him with mackintosh, ".~sfer proof Of
affection"
ga Philadelphia vic..ilm of iiu-iau, amussd
himself on rece-ss hot evening by taking q
revolver TO &c house-top and shooting mos
~Chicaso is preparing q novel theatrical
sensation In the shape Of q scene, with shower
Of real catx and dogs.
~The pictures and objects Of uerts belonging
TO the late Charles Dickens win be sold By
auction July 9Th.
n0Sh John Young, Governor General OF
Canada, has also been appointed Governor Of
Prince Ruperts Land. ~
ga Danish ship, lying I'm Boston harbor.
has large windmill on board, which In applied
TO working the pumps. IL h also adapted 70
other work - occasion may require.
ga clergyman who hes united an uncom-
mon large number Of people In vedlock, In
Connecticut, II called by Hartford editor can
Izaac Walton In the waters OF matrimony."
! UTThe yachts Dauntless and Cambria, during
their race acro9 the Atlantic, viii send out sea
messengers Indicating their latitude and longi-
tude to ves1eh crossing their wake
~ olovee with three and Eve buttons are NOT
N much IN favor nov Iae formerly, e the wrists
are almost always TOO large and loose, and have
% @e smect O. making the hand look long and out
Hany OF the Dakotah Indians are fosnaTly
0kmg nomesteads andscttling the.oselvee doWn
% i've the hfe Of civilixation. Althonsh they
sre o. pure Indian blood ard cannot spesha
tune. A"s''sn' ney NJ .ss adopssd eu co
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

THE DEMOCRATS AND THE CONGRESSIONAL
CANPAIeN.-The Democratic Senators and
members in Congress at caucus held Thurs
lay night agreed upon an address, which was
yesterday signed and issued, advising their
political friends in the several States to be par
ticular In the selection Of candidates for Con-
gress, those from the South to be such that if
elected they can take the required OATH and
importance is given to the fact that one-third OF
the number Of United States Senators are to be
elected by the Legislatures, the members of
which are soon to be elected. Therefore, they
call upon Democrats to adopt suitable means
to secure the election Of the largest possible
number Of members thereof i'm view of this fact
The following are the names Of the Demo-
cratic Congressional Com mittee Eugene Cas-
serly, California; John p. Stockton, New Jer-
sey; VIM: II. Barnum, Connecticut; William H
Slocum, New York; John F. Bird, New JERSEY;
Samuel j. Randall, Pennsylvania; BENJAMIN T.
Biggs, Delaware; Frederick Stone, Maryland
John w. Johnston, Virginia; Francis E. Shober
North Carolina; Philadelphia Van Trump.
Ohio; VIM. Z. Niblack, Indiana; A. G. Burr,
Illinois; Boyd Winchester, Kentucky; G. A.
Shoaf, Tennessee; Erastus Wells, Missouri;
Chas. A. Eldridge, Wisconsin; E. M. Wilson,
Minnesota Jos. 8. Smith, Oregon; James A.
johnson. CALIFORNIA;; John G. Connor, Texas:
2. M b. Young, Georgia; Adolph Bailey,
Louisiana. = - -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

DEATH OF A MEMBER OF Conversation
David Heaton, member of Congress from the
second district Of North Carolina, who has been
seriously i'll for several weeks past, died this
moning at O'Clock at his residence, on street
between 9th and 7th, we regret to learn. His
remains are to be taken to Newbern, N. c., and
inferred in the Soldiers Cemetery at his own
request. A committee of seven from the House
of Representatives will accompany the rem aims
HIS body was embalmed this morning by Messrs.
Harvey Mari, undertakers, and placed
Wo,da ,n one % Sf their rneaRR5n were "God bless
inc toIored people," He was conscious up to
the last moment and died very peacefully.
His family are all here, and will 90 with the
remains to Newbern. Rev. DIR. Butler was
present this morning with the family. Mr.
Heaton was native of Ohio; represented the
Butler and Warren district in ihe Ohio Senate
in 1856; removed to Minnesota in 1857, and
represented that State In the upper branch of
the Legislative Assembly for three terms. He
was then appointed Treasury special agent at
Newbern, North Carolina, and afterwards de-
clined the appointment Of Third Auditor of the
Treasury; was then elected to the Fortieth and
Forty-first Congresses, and recently received
the nomination as a candidate for the Forty
second. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
From Niagara Falls-COlOred Ma,
killed-B0dy Recovered.
Tele0rophed k1clustvely to TIE EvewS,g Star,

SUSPENSION BRIDGE, June 25.-A son of the
notorious Sol. Davis shot and killed q negro i'm
the employ OF Mr.. Barnett last night Davis
also fired on Barnett, but without effect Davis
was passing in carriage when stones were
thrown ut him, and he retaliated by firing on
the negro.
young Whitaker Is not true. 1t was the body
Of another person.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

JESSE G. SHARP, infant son Of United
States Marshal Sharp, and nephew Of President
Grant, died yesterday we regret to announce, al
the residence Of Gen. Dent In Georgetown. The
remains were taken away in the $50 train this
morning in charge of Marshal Sharp and Gen.
eral Dent, to MELVILLE, Penn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25
~ ls4O. 1870. va
PAIN KILLERl

This Valuable Family Medicine has been widely
and favOrably known in our own and fsreign coun
tries, upwards Of
THIRTY YEARS.
1t is an External and Internal Remedy. For Sum-
neI Complaint, any other fofm of bowel disease
in CHILDREN adults. IL is almost certain cure,
and has, without doubt, been successful IN
curing the various kinds Of CHOLERA than any
other known remedy. the most skillfu ply scian.
In India Africa and China, where this dreadful dis
ease Is more or less prevalent. the Pain Killer is
considered by the natives, as we'll as European
idents IN those climates, SURE remedy and while it
is most efficient remedy for pain. il is perfectly
saie medicine, even in unsklful hands. Sold toy all
Druggists. je3- -eoSWlm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

Hon. CHARLES NJ. WALKER, late Fifth Audi
tor of the Treasury, is now proprietor and edtoy
Of the Sedalia (SIo.) Weekly Times. The Times
is broad, fair-looking, WELL edited sheet, de-
voted to the local interests Of its place of pub
lication, and thoroughly Republican in politics
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

AFFAIRs IN HnwaDn coUSTY, MD-we lind
Sense" Ivy S0hnnion'
"Sdd Case Of Drowning. sad case OF drown
ing occurred on Saturday evening last in the
Patapsco river, near Thistle Factory William
Wilson, student OF Rock Hill College, accom-
panied by number Of the school. went %
bathe AT the above place, and not knowing how
10 swim, ventured beyond his depth, and the
current proving too strong for him. was drowned
before assistance could be rendered. The BODY
was recovered the same evening The deceased
was native Of Baltimore, aged nineteen wears
and was much esteemed by his schoolfellows
Camp -Aeetine-The csmp-meeting for Pataps-
co Circuit Of the Methodist Episcopal Church
VIII be held in Mr.. III. A. Penny's Grove near
Guilford Factory, commencing on THURSDAY
August nth, and continuing until Friday. the
Istn. ihis beautiful grove is four miles north
OF the Annapolis junction.
1he Crops-Since our last issue the weather
bas been all that the farmers desire, and work
among the growing crops has been going on
WIN ylgor. The prospects AZ present seems TO
De mat everything will turn out tor the best.
we learn our farmers will commence cutting
wheat in q few days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

IHE BIBLE IN THE PUBLIC ScHoOLs-At
the recent meeting of the Convention of New
York State Sunday school Teachers resolution !
were adopted: THAT we are entirely opposed
TO the division of the school funds, or appropria-
tions; and We view the exclusion of the Bible
from any Of our systems OF instruction as one OF
the greatest calamiiles that could befall the
nacon That we viii instruct the youth under
our care 10 regard the Holy Bible ss the corner
stone Of the American Republic, rs the only
solid bulwark OF civil and religious liberty, and
as furnishing the one basis for the liberation OF
every form Of religious faith, and the protection
OF the rights Of all classes Of citizens. That we
recommend to the State and County Sabbath
school convention that may be held to give pub
points, that the voices of the $50 900 Teachers
and Officers in the Sabbath schools in our land
may be heard upon these questions, 20 vital 90
the national stability and prosperity and TO the
interests and hopes Of mankind"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

The MASSACHUSETTS LIQUOR BuL-The
Governor of Massachusetts, has signed the bill
amending the prohibitory law and the supple.
mentary act. 1t will therefore be lawful to sell
cider, ale, porter, strong beer and lager beer.
each year vote whether the sale Of strong drinks
shall be made within their respective munich
palities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

PAYMENT OF July INTERKsr.-The Secre
tary of the Treasury has directed the payment
of the interest due July on and after Tuesday
next, without rebate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-06-25

A QUEER WILL CAsE.-George A. Alter and
Catherine his wife each determined 20 make A
viii, and each intended TO give 20 the survivor
the property he or she possessed Two wills
were prepared for execution, and as was
supposed were duly executed, and then placed
In seperste envelopes. The husband died and
on examination Of the envelope containing, as
was thought, his will, IL was discovered that the
husband had signed his wifes will and the wife
mad signed the husbands viii. In this dilemma
the wife obtained legislation, and an act of as
sembly was passed authorizing her TO file a
petition stating the facts, and upon proof of
1.-The alleged mistake" 20 the satisfaction of the
register court, that tribunal is clothed with
the powers OF court Of chancery" :" and i su-
thorized ''to reform said paper-writing, and
Ito have entered in the office for the register OF
Wills In and for the city and county, the said
paper writing, which he Geo. A. Alter in
tended TO execute as his last will and testament.
as II the said writing had been signed by him,
with his own hand and seal, and not by his said
Aife Catharine."
The judge decided against the petitioner, ON
the ground that no law could execute a will for
dead msn.-Phiiadelphi Inquirer.