The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1870-07-19


wARLrKE PREPARATIONS.
Discussions soon rose to sucn . height that they
at the Congress- The whole OF the Russian armies
on their return home were halted In Poland, and re-
WeTe promised 70 nave their lost nationality resoei
TO them, and were called to rally round the Russian
standards as the only means OF anecung IT, Russia
declared that having conquered Saxony she had no
intention OF parting with IT, and TO support the de-
claratioD armed her whole contlngents IS II war
SIDE Tn tne h three Powers were not idle Austria put
her armies in Gaicia on the war iooun9i rLance
was invited to suspend inc dsars acessor no
while British troops in great numbers were sent
over to Belgium. Thus while peace congress was was
arms ready to battle with each other. Matters were
in time brought 10 crisis NY the conclusion, q.
Alliance alliance Oh aaS s H Ha
France and England. The kings Of Hanover Bava-
rio aud Piedmont We're invited to accede to
that that in efrect. by Il the whole forces Of
Western and Southern Europe were arraJed against
tons was even traced out, and they were intended
to meet the anticipation that the Russian armies
would invade aSrsva sna M?ys upon ysnaa
The knowledge OF this treaty having TRANSFERRED 1t
produced considerable modification IN the views
ing bolder tone. and the result was that Russia
reIinqutsbcd several districts OF Poland, comprised
to russia, the latter Power having originally OBJ
tanned them on the partition of that unhappy coun
try After great zeal q ncsqaIoa ar treaty was
and another betWcsn Russia and Prussia, BY which
the Grand Duchy Of warsaw. except the Pcsen dis
Viz tns that snoad
not be Incorporated with the Russian en-
favor ous he s Ssr s% nos Ssns
able to agree upon the disposition to either or them
Of the ancient town o. CfaSo 9w by third treaty
inaep xasSs rspwa fba S'eN'N sa' win AA
finally a2reed to be content with portion OF
Saxony; and smaller portion was given to Hano-
yer. But against these forced concessions t1e King
tested. aud objected to any partition being made OF
his dominions without his being allowed represen-
ion Of the allies he was compelled to part with two
fths OF his subjects and more than one nan OF ms
Saxony was concluded at Vienna on inc lsth Of May
following when the King OF Prussia assumed on
account OF his new provinces, the titles OF Duke OF
Lusatlas and Count OF HenneDerg. such was the
fate OF the King Of Saxony who had the misfortune
year supported the case OF the French Emperor.
On the 22d Of May the King Of saxony issued,
from saxenburg address @ tae n naao
excused the cessiOn as the only condition by which
he could OBTAIN the restoration OF the remainder Of
his hereditary estates; an j on the same day the
King Of Prussia promulgated, az Vienna, o procla-
nation to the people OF Prussian Saxony, In which
he announced their union TO his crown, A week
previous on TIE 15th the latter monarch also issued
from the Austrian capital proclamation to che IN.
habtanJs Of the Grand Duchy OF P0sen informing
them OF the restoration OF that Polish province 10
his monarchy. On the 30th Of April the Emperor
Alexander also addressed to the President OF thu
Polish Senate at Warsaw letter, announcing that
the fate OF their country had been unanimously de-
cided by the Powers assembled in congress, and
tnat ne nad assumed the ute OF III King o. Poland
Russia by the bond OF it's own coasEtuCi0n.n Aas
how has that promise been kepts This newly
Uuchy OF Posen and the former anne xatiOns OF the
three partiti0ning Powers, comprehend the whole
the ancient capital Cracow, wicn those Powers then
thought good IN Congress to declare Tree, inde-
pendent and strictly neutral City. having small ter
rltOry annexed to it. Russia, Austria and Prussia
engaged to respect and TO cause To he respected It's
neutrality. and no armed force was upon any pre-
constitution it's academy and its bisnOpiic, set
tied by former treaty. Poland here recovered q
small portion OF her lost nationality; but alas! how
time has swept out OF existence even this last little
specE Of Polish independence, for in 1916 CracOw
was incorporated with Austria.
PRU5SIA'S GAINS.
But the repossession OF Posen and the annexation
Of the half OF SaxOy were not the whole OF the ter
rtories that fell into the Prnssian net sue obtained
also almost the whole of the Lower thine from
Mayence as far as Aix-la-Chapelc, and great por-
ton OF Westphaa, but had TO give up East Friez-
came into large possessions on the borders OF the
Baltic. We have already stated that by the treaty
q oy naS the
Of Rugen were bestowed as coat ensation uool
the King OF Denmark. To the latter cession Prussia
refused to accede and the King OF Denmark, finding
his new poss sessions OF Little value, on account OF
their separation from the oser part Of his dominion,
Gedea them to the King OF r ,n o. treaty dated
(Which had been made over to Prussia by HanOver)
and the sum of s.,e,O.ooo Prussia had also to pay
peted by letters patent from the King Of sweden,
dated October l, absolvng the inhabitants OF P0me-
ts crcwn and IN any e sn ose ds
tricts were formally occupied by the King OF
PruSsia's commissioner.
1t was decided by the Congress that Austria should
not only have L0mbardy restored to her. but that
venice-which for lew years at the beginning of the
century had been unler Austrian rule, and for 300
years before the Nap0leonic wars had been inde-
pendent republic, the lon lest in hstory-shOud be
united to H. and the two provinces from the king
OF L0mbardy and Venice, and April l6, 1916, the
Emperor OF Austria 1ssued a pro ,amatiol annOunc.
him these possessions. Austria had also confirmed
to her the lyrian provinces, also as a Kingdom,
Venetian DalmaNa, the Tyrol, vorarlberg, Sazburg,
Gaiicia ceded to her ut au earlier period.
TILE MINOR GERMAN STATES ~
In addition to the changes and exchanges in the
German States, which we h I'VE already noticed,
Bavaria In exchange for the provinces again celed
by her to Austria, received the province Of Wurz.
burg as well as Aschairenburg, and, at later date,
the Palatinate on the Rhine, or Rhenish Bavaria q
portion of which was severed from France after the
hnal fall OF Napoleon. The celebrates OF He5se,
Brunswick and Oldenburg were re stored and every
thing else In Germany was allowed to subsist as al
petty princes and counts then mediaized continued
TO be 30. Wise regulations were established by the
Congress for securing the free navigation Of thu
Neckar ana the Melse, without, at the same time
abrogating the rights OF the p0tentates who We're
Interested in dues OF passage.
s. THE GERMANIC CONFEDERATION.
We have stated that 1t was one OF the stipulations
OF the treaty OF Paris that o confederation OF the
German States should take the place OF the ancient
empire. The terms OF this alliance were agre I'll
upon Al the congress q Vienna aud the act Of con
federation Was concluded and signed In that city
the sth Of June, lsl5. betweea the Emperor OF Aus
trla and the kings Of Prussia, Denmark and the
Netherlands, on account OF those portions OF their
possessions which Were included in the German
Onion, and thtrty-onc other sovereign princes AMI
the four free cities Of Germany. Austrian Germany
formed less than one-thrd OF the Austrian empire,
Whie PrusSian Germany comprised about two
thirds OF the KINGDOM OF Prussia. The Grand Duchy
OF Luxembourg was under the sway Of the King OF
Holland, and Holstein ald Lauelburg under that OF
the King OF Denmark. Schleswig was not included
in the union. The rest OF the States were unc0n-
nected with territory that was not exclusively Ger
ma hn~ nj hu fnr