Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-08-19

among tie latter il was less regular. Becker
found only 11.3 per cent. suffering from nose
bleeding, most cases in the higher classes Of the
gymnasium, the higher ghis' school, and a pri-
waite school of q higher grade; in those schools,
in fact, where the scholars had TO sit longest
in the school.room, and had least exercise in the
C. Goitrs-Guillaume found Ala cases, (5G per
cent? 100 boys, as per cent? and 2i5 girls, ga
There is no doubt that congestion Of blood in
| the head has O serious influence Cn the mental
| capacities Of the scholars, even producing, II
| they have become habitusl, dangerous diseases
| Of the brain.
8. SpinaI diseases-The majority of those
physicians who have devoted special attention
to school hygiene, and large number Of ortho-
measure to blame for distortions of tue spine,
especially for what is called scolOsis. Fahrner,
in his work, 90 The Child and the Sehooi-desk, u
| Zurich, 1875, says -" Since almost ninety per
l cent. OF all these distortions commence during
| the years Of schooling, and since the character
l Of the distortion corresponds exactly with the
position occupied In writing one feels certainly
| justified to consider the school as the chief
cause of this disease" Guillaume says that,
| among 13l scholars examined, he found 2is (al-
| torted. All orthopedists are unanimous in de-
| claring that the majority OF the cases OF
scoliosis originate during the time Of schooling.
Parow says that among 2s2 cases Of scoliosis be
observed 2ls. (7s per cent? where no special e1-
ternal or internal diseased state conid be assign
ed as the of it; but wheI e1clusiy ely hab-
ltuhliy uletorteu pOsiIOn OF the DOOy must DC the
/ cause. According to the spirOmetric measure
1 ments made by Schildbach, of Amsterdam, the
opening for breathing Idle Aumun0sgrosse) de-
i creased by one-third in children Of thirteen to
i seventeen years AM icted with scoliosis. Great
| attention should, therefore, be devoted to the
position Of the body during school hours. and
i ample opportunity should be offered by a regu-
lar system Of gymnastics to counteract all these
4 evil Influences
l Diseases Of ts respiratory orgdns.-Amona
these disc ses pulmonary consumption in con-
nection with scrofula Is most frequent. Carmi-
chael relates that in q school which had no ward
i and where, consequently, the children had to
L stay in the school-room all day, there were
/ among twenty-five girls, OF whom none had any
/ disease when they entered, seven cases of scrof
L u'a- Arnott was commissioned 70 examine a
l oys' school at Norwood, among the scholars
OF which numbering COY scrofula was quite
common and where the ratio OF mortality was
/ very large. The evil had been ascribed to poor
| and insufficient food, but on close examination
l 1t was found that the food was suffici and OF
good quality, but that the ventilation was very
bad When this was remedied the scrofuls grad
ually and entirely disappeared. Many similar
cases might be mentioned With regard 70 Ber-
I'm We have exact tables of the different ages
and the different diseases Of which people died.
Ii from these We select the persons OF school age
i we lind rapid increase Of deaths from pulmo-
nary diseases during the ages OF ten to idfteen