Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1870-11-10
The British provinces and the United
States

~ inc meeting OF the Social Science
Association, in Philadelphia, Mr.. +. II.
Derby, Of Boston. made an address on
the mutual relations Of the British
Provinces and the United States
II was shown by the report On rcve-
nue. for 1869 that "a per cent Of the
expenditures of our operatives were
for food, clothes, shelter. fuel. and
ilght. 10 reduce these IS to reduce the
cost of living and TO increase the fruits
OF industry. The British Provinces.
devoted chiefly 10 agriculture. forests,
fisheries, and mines, yicid what we re-
quIrc. On one side Of the line between
US. 1000 miles in length, there are
forests of pine and spruce ; on the 9TH
er region nearly dcnu,icd Of il, tim
Der. opening into tle,lrss frIirics
" lille Canada ami her sister Provinces
yield the potato in abundance. and
furnish incNhau>tillr supplies of TIM
bcr. oats. barley. ami ti,l. the States
yield the maize and pork fattcncd by
the maze, and the sugar, cotton, rice.
tobacco, live oak, and yellow pine,
/ which Nature drnic, 10 Canada rAc
Cotswold sheep thrlvcS Oh one side ~
, the line. tile more delicate NaXony
ana ~. john warm their best houses
with the pure anthracite Of Pynusyi-
vania, they supply her and all The At
lahtIc States with gypsum amt mill
stones, and can supply them VITA oats
and potatoes. Each produces what
the other requires. but the foreign com
lncrce of each lauIuiehc>. AMI the tom
mage of each in that commerce L.
cllnes, while the free inland trade Of
the Union between fortl six States
and Territories grows from year to
year.
To save her Colonies and reconcile
them to her recent system. England
applied pressure 10 our lishcrie, and
obtained the Treaty Of Reciprocity. It
vas IN force from 1854 To 1866, AMI
there was Free Trade between Us III
the produce Of the land, sea, rivers anu
forests. While it lasted the arrival
and departure Of vessel, in this trade
rose to 100000 tuns. The tonnage
Of the Provinces doubled. The trade
with England was stationary, but the
exports to the States trip.ed, and tha
shipments to the States exceeded the
shipments to England. The Treaty
fell, and in two years the shipments to
this country of all her products but
lumber fell 10 per cent. Provincial
land and tunnage declined, and New
England lost a large proportion of her
food and raw material. and last year
the emigration from Canada to the
States rose to 10000. The golden
age had ended. The custom duties
now bear heavily on Canadian exports,
and enter into the cost of food, shelter,
raiment, fuel and light. They add at
least IL per cent to the cost of living
and production, and check our progress
in the start.
In this posture of affairs is it the
policy of England to stretch military
railways, TO be used against US. or is
it not TO withdraw, as she has begun
to do, her troops and cannon from her
fortresses at Halifax and Quebec! If
Russia and France found it wise TO
resign America to the Americans,
might she not take hint from their di-
plomacy, aud if she wishes to sell us
her fabrics, is it not her policy to
admit our tools, clocks, watches,
furniture, cottons, and cutlery, the
products of our cheap materials and
native skill! Might she not admit them
to the duties of one to three per cent,
which she places Oh her own iron and
tissues in India for duties of ten or
fifteen per cent may be as prohibitOry
as higher duties to the fabrics of
nation2 Fenianism will expire with its
causes, and this continent, happy and
united, will find growing markets
abroad. it is already opening to cat
tie the great plains of the West, ex-
tending through thirty degrees Of
latitude, held in part by Canada, long
tenanted by the buffalo, sufficient to
supply Europe with meat and dairy
products to invigorate her people and
to pay4or their productions. Shall we
be divided by Gordon Of custom
houses! We have been reclaiming
yearly territory as large as Ireland,
and providing for yearly growth Of
million and half. We have crossed
the corn-felds Of Illinois, Iowa, and
Kansas, and entered the great pastoral
region. In 1860 we had 100 ,OOO, 900
Of live stock. The war reduced them,
but our herds are increasing, and will
soon overspread the plains and minis