davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

AN OLD MovEMENT-CALLEDN CIV. The
proposal to put the Virginia people in their
proper position as members Of the Demo-
cratic party is called "New Movement. 4"
That may he new to some, but the old
State looks new and awkward in any other
movement. Les US, without any airs, or
afIectation, go right to oar proper position.
and exercise our proper influence. -Ea-
change.
We agree with our contemporary, and the
sooner We put aside our airs, affectation and
prejudice and take our position in the Ma
tional Democratic party, the better for tho
Country, our State and ourselves.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

Thursday last, The 22nd, was the coolest
oay We have had, in this section. this year,
the thermometer standing 100 above zero
In the West it was much colder, the Their
mometer, at various points in Illinois and
Wisconsin, standing at and below zero,
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

ENGLISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED
SrATEs.-Mr. Young chief of the bureau OF
statistics, has received letter from Edward
Reed, in London, saying Immediately
after the Alabama question is settled and
peace and kindly feelings are insured, there
will be sure all exodus of the bone and sim
ews OF England to our country as will aston
ish the most sapguine of U.s."
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

CUREosrTIEs OF THE FRosT. Prof. Hun
tington, Of the Washington Observa tory,
who is located on Mount Washington, New
Hampshire, for purposes of scientific expe.
rlment and discovery, announced on Thurs
day last the state of the Thermometer and
barometer there for the previous day, adding
that the thickness of the frost at the Tip
top House was ight inches deep"
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

We learn from the Greenbrer and Mon :
roe papers that our former Countyman, J.
Bernard Peyton, Esq, is candidate for
Clerk Of the House of Delegates of West
Virginia.
Mr.. Peyton has had considerable expert
ence as Clerk. having, some years ago, act
ed as Assistant Clerk of the Virginia House
Of Delegates, and in that capacity acquitted
himself with much credit.
We hone he NAV succeed,
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

LOCKS TO Look Ar.-They are now ma
king at Colts factory new patent lock for
the United States mail bags When fasten-
ed a nsr,bcred plate of glass covers the key
hole, and this glass has to be broken before
the bag can be unlocked or tie Jock tamper-
ed with 1t is said to be the most complete
lock eyer invented. Five thousand of them
have been ordered BY the Postofice depart
ment
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

HE IMPEACHMENT OF Gov HOLDEN -
Neao York, December ia special to
the Herald from Raleigh to day says =
''The judiciary committee of the House have
been IN continuous session since Thursday
framing articles mpeachment against Gov.
Holden The articles viii be completed by
Monday next, when the Sanate will arraign
the Governor, and his official functions will
cease. The trial will not commence until
after the Christmas recess. 1t is rumorcd
tonight that Gen. B I. Butler will come
down to defend Holden, who has trouble in
finding efficient home defenders.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

STATISTICS OF HOG PACKING. Louis,
Dec. 1S.-The Secretary OF the Merchants
Exchange has the following statistics of hog
packing in the Wet: St. Louis 100, 900,
same time last year 55,96s; Chicago
275,73o, last year 328, 4O5; Cincinnati
1904 642, last year 233, 200; Louisville
1870, 097, last year 157 .974; Milwaukee
%, 600, last year $500; Quincy $3.50,
last year 20,0l0; keokuk 800, last year
Is, GOO; St. Joseph $1,000, Dos Moines
5000, Kansas City 1890, Burlington
300
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

AFRICAN COLONIZATION The receipts of
the American Colonization Society during
the year have been 800, 900, including
So, from legaces. s9,698 from gifts
aud $7,S22 from miscellaneous sources.
The number of colored emigrauts transport
ed to Liberia during the year was 1872, the
majority of whom were natives of North
Carolina This is slow work
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23


Chose OF HUDSON RIVER NAVIGATION. -
The navigation of the Hudson river is prac-
tically closed The extreme cold weather
Of the past few days in the northern river
counties of New York has filed the river
with floating lie, and navigation has become
a matter Of considerable danger and difficult
ty The Albany steamboats, ceased run
ming on Saturday
PASSED Through DuTcH GAP Canal
The steam-tug Olive Branch, Captain r
Il. Walthall, on her passage from the
Chiokahominy river to Richmond, with a
raft Of timber for Major j. D.. Beardsley,
passed through Dutch Gap canal on Sun
day. The raft was 4S0 feet in length
Dispatoh
The failure Of Governor Walker to issue
Thanksgiving Proclamation" is a!lodged
in the Washington Chronicle, as q reason
why Gen. GRANTS not, or should not be, in
favor Of general amnesty" Was the
like ever seen or heard of in a civilized
country
For VICE President. "A movement is
seriously contemplated in Virginia, having
for its object the nomination of Governor
Gilbert G. Walker, Of that State, as the
democratic candidate for Vice President in
1872.
The Richmond correspondent of the Bal
timore Gazette says that Col. Edmund
Rendleton, Senator from Botetourt, is
prominent candidate for the q. S. Senate
MEMPHIS, Tenn, Dec 17.-Snow to the
depth Of three inches has fallen here, and
four inches at Little Rock, Arkansas
Good wheat can be bought in Scott coun-
ty, Va, at fifty and sixty cents per bushel
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

A New SCHEME TO L1QU1DArE THE POP
Lie DEBr.-Mr. Fitzpatrick, in the Senate,
yesterday introduced bill providing for a
settlement of the debt of the State with its
creditors at fifty cents in the dollar. The
debt is to be funded up to 1872. and coupon
bocds issued, the coupons receivable for
taxes or other dues.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

r OF or LAND IN MARKET Under de-
IL cree of the County Court of Augusta, in
chancery, sitting in cause of Henie min Il. Points,
Us. Henry H. Forsyth 5 hers, I will proceed, on
tie premises, on Saturday, the 2lst of Jan. to
sell, at pubic SALE to tbs highest bidder, Ger
tain parcel Of land, containing half an acre.
fronting the Parkersburg road, on the Western
limits of Staunton.
TERMS ON credit of one, two and three
years in equal instalments, bearing interest, to
be secured by bonds with good personal security,
and the title to be retained as ultimate security.
JOHN NJ, HARDY,
dec23-tds Commissioner.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

We are pleased to learn that Ex-Gov.
John Letcher, who has been very il! With
pneumonia, at his home in Lexington, is
very much better and still improving.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23
FORDaS HOTEL.
RECEKyNO.V.D, VS..
$3.50 Per Day. $3.50 Per Day.

Situated in the heart of the City, commanding
fine views and adjoining the Capitol Square
and Governors Mansion.
This splendid new Hotel, the only one situated
in the fashionable portion of the City, and ad
joining the beautiful Capitol Park, with its Stat
uary, Monuments, Fountains and Flower Beds
is newly and elegantly furnished throughout,
and its Bill of Fare is not excclled in quality and
variety by any house in the State.
There has been recent additions of several
splendid Rooms to this spacious houae, together
Room.
Special Suits of Rooms always ready for We'd
ding and large Travelling Parties. The arrange
ments are frst-class in every respect. The price
of Board has been fxed-owing to the great
scarcity Of money-at the reasonable sum of
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

The agents of large German colony
now in New York, have purchased 100, 600
acres of land Oh the Elk river, in West Vir-
ginia, which they propose to people with
Gernsu immigrants.
San Francisco has gained 93,47o, III
population, nearly 200 per cent, in ten
years. The whole State of California has
gained 1858
Under the exigences of the siege, it is
said that a good, fat cat will now fetch ten
francs in Paris Guineapigs are also sold
at restaurants.
The receipts of the great Hebrew charity
fair in New York nowamount to 1916, 600.
The fair still goes on.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23
COMMISSIONERS NOTICE.
Elizabeth Morgan-Petitioner,

This is to notify all persons concerned that in
pursuance of Decree of the Circuit Court of
Augusta in said cause, and for ascertainment of
the true heirs of the late Harriet Weigan, in or
der to distribution of the estate of her husband,
Martin Weigan, among such as may appear emit
tied thereto, shall cause Dispositions to be ia
ken at the Clerk Office of the Circuit Court for
Montgomery at Christiansburg, before Henry
Cox, j. p, or some other proper officer, between
the hours Of A. NJ. and P. NJ, or the 25th
Jan. next, and from time to time thereafter until
completed.
Given under my hand as Commissioner in Chan
Gerry of said Conrt, this 2lst Dec. 1870.
dec23-4t THOMAS D. RANSOM
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

Robt. Garrett Esq, President Of the
Valley Railroad Company. has been visiting
various sections of our county, during the
past two weeks, in the interest Of his road
In energy he seems to be the equal of his
father, Jno W. Garrett, Esq, the we'll
known President of the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad, and not whit behind him in his
far seeing plans for the early comm msnce-
ment of the Valley Railroad, and his inter
est in the scheme, which is so well calculs-
ted to develop our Valley and enrich our
people.
We regard the selection Of Mr. Robt.
Garrett for President of this road, by the
Directors, as most wise. He is, in our
opinion. the very man for the position and
we wish and certainly expect success under
his management
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

Il CAMDEN STREET,
1.-TWO doors from Howard Street,
BLTIu ORE, MD.
This Hotel has been recently furnished with
entirely New Furniture and Beds, thoroughly
Repaired and Remodeled new and improved
Water Closet is now being added in more desi-
rable part Of the building.
This Hotel is convenient to all the Depots of
the Western and So, thern Railroads saving
hack hire. 1t is also convenient to all business
portions of the City, the street cars running
within few doors of it.
A splendid Bar, Barber-shop. Billiard and
Bathing Saloons in connection with the Hotel
NJ. P. Bledsoe, formerly of the Washington
House, Lynchburg, Va, and more recently of
the American Hotel, Staunton Va, has an inter-
est in the above wel-known House, and will be
pleased to see his friends; promising them First
Glass Accommodations, and an Old Virginia
welcome.
Very Respectfully,
R. SHARE, Proprietor.
Terms, $3.50 Per day.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23
FOR THE HOLIDAYS !!

FOR THE HOLIDAYS
Ad assortment of MUSIC BOXES,
playing l, 2, 4, and airs.
For The Ladies':
NE ST
GUITARS, FLUTINAS &C.,
AcC0RDE0NS,
VIOLINs,
BANJOS,
FLUTES
e.. =. e.
EOr The Boys.
DRUMS, FIFES AND TRUMPETS.
H. r.. EISENBRANDT,
70 Baltimore Street,
dec9-t feb LIST Baltimore, Nd.
CHRISTMAS GOODS
IN GREET VARIETY,
AT
BELL & Co.'S.
CORNER MAIN AND New SrREErs,
(White's Corner)
CONSISTING or
Writing Desks, Fancy Boxes, Friendship Albums,
Port Folios, Toy Books, Work Boxes,
Photograph Albums, Fine Gift
Books, Pocket Bibles,
Games in great
Variety.
Card Cases, &c &c. &c
SPEcIALI1IES:- Blue and Gold Poets,
IS cents each. Fine Prayer Books, 81 each.
TIME BIGGEST THING
i IN sTAUNToN, is
GGADE2E.s
ONE DOLLAR,
Sale COMMUNICABLE. 18th and will positively
close Jan. LIST 1871.
ONE DOLLAR
viii get a very handsome present for the Holt
days. Oastors, Cake Baskets, Cups,
Goblets, Spoons, Forks, all beauti-
fully plated. 100 Picture AL
buns, and several hundred
articles of value, all
at One Dollar
each
This sale is undoubtedly upon the plan of one
of the largest Stores on Broadway. Call at once,
rs this is a rare chance. decl6-2t
COMMISSIONERS NOTICE.-To R. R Mel.
" son, Plaintiff and G. H. IRVINE and N
K. Trout, Trustees Defendants to suit of En-.
vines creditors as. Ervine & al. in the Circuit
Court of Augusta in Chancery, and all interested
as lien creditors of G ri IRVINE
Take notice that on the 9Th day of Feb next
at my office in Staunton, | shall proceed to exc
cute an Order of. Reference in said cause requir-
ing me to ascertain and report all existing liens
and the prlorities thereof upon the property Of
said Defendant G. Fl. IRVINE; and by such time
the creditors re required to file evidence of theil
liens.
Given under my hand as Commissioner of said
Court, this 9Th day of December 1870.
THOMAS D. RANSOM.
decl6-4t
NEW GOODS We are now in receipt of oul
~ Fall Stock of Goods, which embraces a
nice line of Dress Goods, viz.
Empress Cloths, Plaid Poplins, Valour Stripes
French Plaids, Japanese Silk, Delains, Prints.
Bile ched and Brown Cottons, Linens de-
In Black Alpacas we show extraordinary bar
gains. Bombazine-a very superior quality-at
very low figure. Scarlet, Blue White and On.
Shawls, Arab Brunous, Boulevarde Skirts, Ho-
siery, Gloves Notions, Cloths and Cassimeres,
Blankets, Shaker Flannels, Red and White Elan
nels. We also have very large lot of Queens
ware, China Tea Sets,
WHITE GRANITE WARE,
French Cut Glass Ware, Plated Casters, Lava
Sets, Bohemian Ware &c. Also very large
Stock of Fancy Articles for Presents, some of the
choicest articles ever seen in our city.
We will be very glad indeed to have you call
and see our stock, as it will afford us much pleas
urc to show our goods, whether you purchase or
not Respectfully,
JAS, A, PIPER & son,
New Street, adjoining Virginia Hotel.
oct2l-tf
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23
@25(l PER nay.

The patronage of my friends and the travelling
public are invited to make FORD'S HOTEL
their home.
A.. j. FORD, Proprietor.
Late one of tue Propr's of the Exchange Hotel
P. S-My coaches run to and from all depots
and Steamboat landings dec23
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

Very favorable arrangements have been made
with the generous Proprietor of the above named
Wonderful Cave to illuminate it on Monday Dec
26th, at II o'clock A NJ, and Tuesday, Dec.
27th, at O'Clock P. NJ.
w. fine Band of Music will be in attend
ance. md it is hoped all the COLoRED PEO-
PIE will turn out on this occasion and aid this
most worthy object in behalf of which this SPLEEN
did entertainment will be given.
The illumination will take place precisely at the
hour named above, and ample time will be given
to explore and examine all the remarkable objects
of interest connected with this great Natural
Wonder
va Admission only one dallar
Va Arrangements have been made to secure
perfect order on this occasion.
IF Visitors from Staunton or Harrisonbnrg,
by starting early in the morning, can reach the
cave in time for the display on either day.
Rev. JOSEPH HENRY,
HENRY GUY,
BERNARD HARRIS,
Committee Of Arrangements
decl6-td
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

EARM FOR RENT.-The farm of VIM R,itt
Sr., containing 60 acres, lying near Nc,
Gaheysville, Rockingham, with comfortable i'm
proVements, is offered for rent, for moneyei rem
For particulars, address
GEO. W. BRITT JR..
oo 90 Long Glade Augusta.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

to favor could result in no good. The
verdict of to-day and of posterity is, and
will be, that General Lee was traitor
Mr.. Flanagan, in some general remarks,
spoke Of General Lee as the great traitor of
the age, whose influence carried into the
rebellion the flower of southern youth
Mr.. Summer desired that parliamentary
law should be administered uron the pre-
sent occasion with the utmost vigor, with
a view to the most summary disposition of
the resolution. He had nothing to say of
General Lee. except that his name stood
upon the catalogue of those who had Ia
bued their hands iii their country's blood.
He was content to hand him over to the
avcnging pen Of history. He regarded the
resolution as indicative Of the sentiments Of
political associates of the Senator from Ken.
lucky. and as prefguring the policy they
would establish should they obtain power.
Mr.. McCreery stated that the resolution
was in no sense an embodiment Of Demo
cratic sentiment. but had been submitted
upon his individual responsibility, without
consultation with his colleagues. he thea
asked permission to withdraw the resolution,
which was refused-though finally permits
sion to introduce it was also refused
WHAT IT CosTs TO Assess THE REVENUE.
The cost of assessing the internal revenue
in the several States fer the past fiscal year
is ex ibited in carefully prepared ta.e-
ment Of the fifth auditor. The following
list comprises the principal States
Georgia $107, JAP Illinois, $500, 0s5 :;
Indiana, $l47, 1922 Iowa, SIS ,962 Ken.
lucky, 1916, $40; Louisiana, S1o7 ,623 !;
Maryland. 1926, 1858; Massachusetts, 1910,
100 Missouri, $685. SOC New Jersey,
$106,, 102 New York, $3.50 1925; Ohio
S35S, 491 Pennsylvania, S593, GAS; Ten
nesse, $135, 676; Virginia, S135 $50 !:
District Of Columbia. S16,469. Net cost
OF assessing in all the States and Terrific
ries, S4.118, 201
COMPULSORY EDUCATION BY THE NATION
AL GOVERNMENT The bill introduced at
last session of Congress by Mr.. Hosr.
providing for a national systea,..of educaticnc.
has been made the special order for the third
Tuesday in January, when it will be dis
cussed from day to day in the House until
disposed of.
This is the New England scheme, which
has for its object the "uniGcatien'' and
compulsory education of the county,
that New England books may be sold, New
England teachers provided for and New
England ideas forced upon the youth Of the
country - WAig
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

CoLD COMFORT. "A fellow citizen Of AT
rican descent having been elected from
Philadelphia theatre, FosNEY Press says
of the occurrence
cat all events. it is not very material
issue for our coiored friends. He had far
better he qualifying himself for the use and
enjoyment of his new franchise by some
other means than going to theatres, No
race or class ever yet raised itself in such
way. If the eolored people of Philadelphia
were kept out of every circus, concert sa
loon, or theatre in the city, they woald
probably be all the better for it. The white
folks who educate themselves in places Of
public amusement, whether it be the free
and-easy' OR the opera, are not the class for
our new citizens to emulate OR copy after"
This is cold comfort, indeed, for CUFFEE.
We submit that Mr. FoRNEY is little in
consistent, in not raising howl oyer this
indignity to the "eolored gentleman y
But it's too near home. There's the rub.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23

THE SENATORIAL ELECTION IN PHILADEL-
pH1A.-Yesterday an election was held in
the first senatorial district of Pennsylvania
for the choice of State Senator, in place
of Mr.. Wyatt, republican, deceased The
district is composed of the LIST, I'd, Sd, 4th,
7th, 9Th, and 26th wards of the city of
Philadelphia. At the October election
the republican msjorities in the district
ranged from 1855 to 1,010 for different can
didates Of that party. The fact giving i'm
portance to the election yesterday is that
the death of Mr.. Wyatt left the two parties
in the State Senate tie. The dispatches
received last night announce that Dechcrt,
has been elected over Lyndsll, republican,
by majority, of 1913 The republicans
in October elected a majority of the House.
The great business of the coming session Of
the Legislature will, in political view, be
the apportienment Of the congressional dis
tricts for the next ten years, and the legls-
lativs districts for the next seven years.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23
Drugs, Medicines &c.

I'RussEs rRussrs,,
TRUSSES! III
We have received new and superior assort-
ment of Trusses with the latest Improvement
the same Truss can be worn on right or left side
and be set at any angle TO meet the indications.
and suit comfort of patient.
We have also received Shoulder Braces, Alb
dcminal supporters of the most approved kind
Pessaries, of different patents; Teaman's self-ad-
Juster; Bivalve, Sims duck bill and Cylindrical
Speculums of different sizes, Bougies, Syringes,
for womb, nose and ear, Male and Female, Me-
talic, Glass and Gutta Percha; Nursing bottles,
Rubber nipples and Sheaths, besides always
well selected stock of Medicines, comprising the
most approved remedies, viz
Podophyllin,
Leptandrin,
%Hydrastin,
Baptism,
Iodoform,
lodoform 4 Iron,
Guarana,
Corydaline,
Choral Hydrate
&c. &c. &c.
Together with large assortment of beautiful
lamps of the latest styles, to which we invite
bthe attention of the public
nov25-f DR.. B. P. REESE L Co.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1870-12-23
Masonic.

During the past week, the Grand Mason
ic bodies of Va, Grand Lodge, Grand Roy
al Arch Chapter and Grand Commandery of
Knights Templar, held their annual meet
ings in Richmond, with larger attendance
on each than usual
The following officers we're elected in each
for the ensuing year:
GRAND LoDeE.-lI ". Thos. f. Owens,
Of Norfolk, Grand Master; r. w Robt. E.
Wi'hers, Of Lynchburg, Deputy Grand Mas
ter; r. W. VIM. III. Lambert, Of Alexan-
dria, Senior Grand Warden; r. W. VIM.
B. TaIiaferro, Junior Grand Warden r
W. Thos. U. Dudley, of Richmond, Grand
Treasurer r. w John Dove, Of Richm md,
Grand Secretary Judge Richard &. Par
ker, OF Winchester. Senior Grand Deacon !;
Judge Beverley r Wexford, of Richmond,
Junior Grand Deacon; Geo. w. Dame, D.
D., of Danville, Grand Chaplain, J. D..
Riddick, Grand Pursuivant; Thos Angel,
Grand Steward; Jas. Nj. Taylor, Grand
Tiler. NJ. W. Jas Evans, Of Richmond,
Grand Lecturer.
GRAND ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER. r.
john p Little, Grand High Priest N. 3.
Robert E. Withers, Grand King M. Il. b
NJ Harris Grand Scribe; b. Thomas U
Dudley, Grand Treasurer; e. john Dove,
Grand Secretary; E. William FL. Lambert,
Grand Captain of Host; E. Samuel Kenner-
lev, Jr., Grand P. Sojourner E. Alfred
S. Lee, Grand Royal Arch Captain e. A,
| P. Abel, Grand Master Sd Vail E. Sam
uel NJ. Bowman, Grand Master 2nd Vail
E. L. /. johnson, Grand Master 1st Vail
E. G. W. Dame, Grand Chaplain Thos
Angel, Grand Steward; j. NJ. Taylor
Grand Janitor.
GRAND CoMMANDERY CT KNIGHTS TEN
pLAR.- Nj. e. John R Mcdaniel, Crane
Commander. NJ. B. William B. 1saacs
. Grand Deputy Commander. NJ. E. r. b
Withers, Grand Generalissimo. j.. E
, johnson, Grand Captain-General 6. W
, Dame, Grand Cha lain. James Evans
Grand Treasurer. John Dove, Crane
Secretary. John T. Regnault, Crane
Senior Warden. 0. S. Long, Grand Ju
Nor Warden. John G.. Smith, Crane
Warder. A. P. Abel, Grand STANDARD
Bearer. - Petit, Grand Sword Bearer
James NJ. Taylor, Grand Sentinel.