Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1870-08-19

commencing already in the period from i've to
and increasing considerably during the
period from fifteen to twenty. To every one
hundred deaths there were-4 81 Of pulmonary
consumption between the ageS Of five to ten.
12So OF pulmonary consumption between the
ages of 10 to 70; 3lss Of pulmonary consumption
between the ages Of 10 to 20. As the chief causes
of such diseases must be mentioned: I. The
vitiated air, by reason of so many children being
crowded in one room. 2. Frequent colds pro-
duced by the change from the hot schcol-room
4. Impaired respiratory movements produced BY
continued sitting
s. Organs of dt9estion.-Continusd attendance
at at school frequently results in dyspepsia and all
laton and exercise, and excess Of mental work
must be mentioned among the chief causes.
:. Organs Of gsnerdtioH.-LeaTing here entirely
out of the question the dangers of bad example,
1t cannot be denied that long continued sitting,
mental excitement, interruptions in the func-
tons OF the organs of digestion, &c, must eXer-
generation, especially in girls schools, where
circumstances during the period of puberty i'm
poe upon the teacher as well % upon the ply
stefan an exceedingly ditticult task. The neces-
sity OF having experienced ladies as teachers in
girls schools Is but too frequently overlooked.
Z. Contagious disedses.-Small pox, cholera dip
theritis, &c, find favorable field for extension
in schools. wise legislation, strictly carried
out, is the best means OF preventing the spread
lug of contagious diseases.
s. Wou,sds and o her injuries.-Wounds, bruises,
tons, by scholars striking or hurting each other
In different ways, and, finally, much more fire.
quently than is generally supposed, by inadmis-
sible corporal punishment by the teacher. In
all three cases mentioned the result is produ ced
by negligence on the part OF the teacher or
scholar.
II is not probable that more thorough inves-
LEGATIONS will bring TO our knowledge diseases
and causes of di; ease hitherto unknown. Their
number is already now pretty well defined. The
Chief cautes Of diseases are:-l. The air of the
school room, the condi don of which is Deepen
dent on size of the room, the number of pupils,
the heating arrangements, ventilation, damp
ness Of the floor and walls, dust. 2. The light
OF the school room, deper dent on the location
OF the building and the room, size of the win
dows, color of the walls, artificial means OF
lighting room, (gas, oil.) 3. The arrange
ments for sitting, size and form of chairs
and desks, length of time scholars are Obliged
to sit still in one position. 4. Bodily exercises
especially outdoor games, gymnastics, bathing,
arrangements for such, manner OF superintend-
ing item. 3. Mental exercises, extent, manner
IN which they follow each other, individual
measure, length of free time and vac ltiors. &c.
d. Punishments, particularly corporal punish
ments. Z. Drinking water. s. Privies. o.
School apparatus, especially text books, (size of
print, &c.)
EDUCATIONAL CONDITION OF FRENCH AND
PRUssIAN CoNsCRIPTs.
The percentage of French conscripts
who could not read and write. according
to official reports of 1865, was 3O.5 while the per-
centage OF illterate Prusssn conscripts in 1861
was only 5.S1.