, 1870-06-20

04t IA3t u HOT tho naming Of democracy,
Honest democ.acydo does not msan the displaco-
asnt OF smother IN ainnilAr privilege because
j. happens to be + more numerous clas5.
That wouh be = mere pzetsnce OF
democratic equality. What Is demanded
IT,, tet Ill parties shall have, man for
ma1, n equal representation. 1t ia not right
that ae majority, alono should be represented
in Legislative bodies. It should be represented
by majority, and the minority by minority:
You can have no t1ue representative govern
tnent n any other may"
TIE WRONG AND The REMEDY.
But how ahal1 this manifest wrong be remc-
diede That it e1ists who can deny? The
same 9rest thinker from whom We bavequot-
ed, grayely observes Of the present eyetsm Of
representation q II il great owl; we arc all
aware of ii; ne aM feel and acknowledge it in
particular cases; It enters into MI our calcula-
tlons And heAIs with q heavy weight upon us
Ill. lsut rs We have always been nsed to think
Of it IS llcurable. Wo think OF it az little as We
can. md are hardly aware how greatly it Affects
the whole course Of our atfairB, and how pro-
dfg1ous would be the gain to our policy. to our
morality, to our civilization itself il the evil
were removed
II IL indeed difficult problem, 80 long Is
We B1tank from seeking solution OF it but,
when boldly approached, tho difficulty disap-
pears, and several solutions are found, any Of
unEepublican method The best and most cs1ti-
cal thinkers, including Mr. Mill himself, arc aet-
tling down on the plaa Of 'stotaiity represen-
tation and free ballot." In npp!yipc this
principle, your committee agreed on the fol-
lowing points: l. That tho district system
should be preserved. 2. That tue equal voting
power Of the Representative should b retained.
In the distribution Of his choices among sew
erzl candidates for the same class OF grade Of
Office.
Thon6xt thing to eonsider Was the size OF
tho districts; that is, how many members
should each o1cct. It VAS seen that, II single
districts only wero formed, the majority party
alone would ha represented: II syssem Of
With tho freq ballot, tho weaker party
would sccure haif the representation in all
tahes where it slightly e1coed one-third Of the
yoterB, aud this would DO unjust to the ms
iority. who are rightfu1ly entitled to elect .
nlsjonty OF the Representatives. The smallest
district. harefore, which fufas the conditions
OF the problem, il
ATR1p1E oR GAREx-4E,1pEn DISTINCT
In such districts tlse smaller party can elect
one and tho larger ttco Of the Senators Aud
I.eptesentaiiYeA. The perfect ruje OF tho .ua-
jority is thus preserved and unimEairci, whi1c
mino1ities, who aze now utterly c1cluied. will
secure = sufficient portioI Of representation
that Affect their rights or interests
1t IL found, upon examination Of tho PresI-
denti1i vote Of 1863. and the census Of 1865.
that the adoption OF three e-membered house
districts, will require the union ct but tHo
counties 10 form district in three-fourths Of
the State thus giving to the majority party
bue member frum each county. and to the
minority the odd member. answering in ptac-
tice to the single district system in great ma
iority OF instances.
The large counties Of the class or I.aSallc,
Adams. Sangamon. Mclean, Pcoria, 1T. Clair,
Fulton, Knox, Will, Madison, and perhaps
others. will each form a three-Inember district,
willie tho county OF Cook will constitute sav-
etal districts by reason Of its greater popu-
lation.
THE sIAIonITT WILL STILL lULE.
This system Of proportional or totality rep-
reeentation can never impair or jeopar,lize the
r1lc Of the stronger political party in the
State, ns the Democrats elected in Republican
districts will be fully Offset By Republicans
elected from Democratic districts, and o.ce
r.rsa, There need be no partisan apprehen-
eiops Or jcalousien aroused or engendered at
tho adoption Of totali!y representation, AZ jus-
tice and equity will be obtained for the whole
people.
SECTIONAL REPRESENTATION.
Since 1854 ono OF the political parties have
secured. with = fen exceptions, Ill tho Sen
ators and Representatives 1T every election in
the north half OF Illinois, and the other party,
with equally faw exceptions, has elected all
the legislators from the south half of tho
State. Speaking III round numbors, 101, 900
Kepubliratts living south Of tho State capital
have been practically disfranchised in the
Legislature for ssraen yeats; aud almost as
been excluded from Ill voice III making laws,
through agents OF their own selection, for an
equally long period OF time. For bali gem
e1ation 1ne asa.o hAA teen thas tep1eeentea
by 'ec''o,s, lnateaa OF distf1cts. the after
nate dlstitcss we're oemocsaae or ise-
Pubiican. theTe WOULD be some ameAoeatlon on
o. tho evil. Gut @ eAsn u not me case, M'u 10
ops ~ o m theE
tls hope 1or improvement. Ill., r-
nEM1ntAhhE e. srAI1s1,eA TT A fAcIs ,...
az ednat,on o1 sae % sG.es eas. H. ~ the iaa.
Af6tstase eiec'iot1, uettloIn inc loHu"ln8
s os..ati~a n;ot,cts q, cac,c. n ar,eEs n
~ ~ EIsA',a, ~, .;o ara etoaa1s i,a H. ~
io"'ps 'o'o' ''''''4'e AAes'@o'7 ro1x
For,rtfree c1ccte., candidates received. o0j
Fo1ry.thTee defeated CandiIates received t0I 200
Total majority foF successful candt- .,
:; -'''''-"'' 4S'"oo
AYesase ma9ol!y: - soteo. ~, ,o,+,-.,ro
Inc lemamae1 Oh 1ne o'ate elee'eo 'of's-'"o
representatives, ,-o,..
H., ,ortr.,o e1ectct, candidates received Il; cd
RI, forfT-two defeated, santiiJstes received sGoO0
-
Total majority for successful candl-
dates 81 500
Total vote cast IN the state, ao0,HV.
~ ~ .hch e ,he canaiaascs reccven 7%s
rhns n annesE. iii io3, ma yntcs eIcctci =
,,.ia9-tv ~ ths Hn,,ao y1;ia tha ramsininp
~ oan s1oated o. ~ 49, abnr hcinS
,5;,sn,;.H - .,,a Horao 4 1;ttia 1no-n t{,,n
sorrtt, ~ +he rotors actna1ir secnraj major
~. - ba.1, ;-,%,hoo ~ ~ Iar;s1a,1ro fnr
~ ~ '. s d;anatr aT;s+aJ n tTa oIact;on n
Caa..- cno ~ ~. ~ cv;st;nr - az.tono ~ ma
s,1",i 1onrerantat;on IL 1;nb1c tn nro.
49, a+;1} @-a.1ar ;,a1n.1;tr md ;n5na,
u ~. 'i 5ea.,;t1 ~ w. ',o1;+;e., -,a-tr
tn a3ect Il, e thn mernheTs II fhe 1nris.
f..,,ro ,1tho,a1, ;tse ma;nr;tv in tha Sfate
mar ~ cnn,nsrst;veiy atns}I- Il for any cause-
aersn cr e;rht thnnsarI votes frnm the Demo-
cr,ts in soHtharn I1};,1o;s and The 1aftcr Should
a.in fiftaan nr s;Yfapn thonsani from the
fe.,,aT IN Morthsrn Tiijnois t1e Renrh}icans
Sa,,id c1act VIII lar a dn7an ercenfiong. tl,f
an.1a + T'er;satnTo notwitl,ntnndinr their ma.
oio - rotea ~, Snd T. thn ncmncrats et1oni
rs;n fa,r h,ni1raa vofes in e,ch ~ rerta;r
Eaia ae" ttnua 'u1ea t1 III eaGI o,..a ~ -.
nepu9lisan ots,, '.s ~, "ouaa i. 49, 3atn st'
,,,;s,ht h n nnn -, m mn ~ ,,;nnr;tr !,
te s,,Fa ~ VanS ore ui cant;nganr;es ~ f;l
tie e.a.e. i1 as oas eoas'neuIses ] " ~ IN, IN
VIII at ofI t1a a,not1 ~ narr ~ ,u
convention, "noIs1y ~ ~. tno I; nn9y 5 ps5 aa9 an;
on.a nan9 e~ haa,ar ~ @ e;as ~ nn;nst H. i ~.
enact ~" no"eses o1o4s t -. gh;i;.ea io. ~ ~:
maj31? ~ ooes ro;aad e. 'csp h ta ndnnt;o, 81 ~
posslt, rarxasontnton ~ S ~ cnnu,e1 mn T;t1, ,1,s
paopI1t.tt;vh pp%1.t;rn hsiipt s7S"'t'n ~"1f'e>S %'3'
cumu'a.ise @ ,,,' psI'o ~ o1o,o,, roro nronoaaa bx
., 1ne p,a ~ Slee,u na,41a ~ - ~ cfcct;on y
.ne cu;.ea =: IL; ~ ,r,,"sh ~ ,a,;a1st;ro
3a % GaIels u dn;se as 3.as nnea .ianngsr ,nnt,
3huelas. l. ~ W ~ aIaeto1 ~ to .on,a cons,;t,,
enrv for tbe SAM, efficc and At the earna tins
T1ino present 4c constitution provides for tripl,
a;s.1;cts IN rerts;n cases. Sca gest;ana q AZ
| N of 1rt;clo q And III shTee members r1us ms
hn' h. c1erte1 or General tinkot soo Section
n s,yna art;c,e Rnt M int;matinn il cire1
mbat,,er eIertors NAV c,,n,n1afo thoir rntas !,
~ m .i,st ,,o;nt t1e oonst;t,,t;on II s;Ienf