Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1870-02-03

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TEARs.-Thc principal element, the prime
ingredient, so to say, OF tear, is water this
water, upon dissolution, contains Z few hun
dredth part Of substance called mucus and a
small portion Of salt, OF soda, OF phosphate Of
lime, and of phosphate OF soda. 1t Is the salt
and soda that give to tears that SAVIOR which
earned for tears the epithet of ''salt' at the
hand of the Greek poets, and that of 'bitter'
at that of ours; salt is, however, the more
correct OF the two. When tear dries the water
evaporates, and leaves behind it deposit of sa-
line ingredients; these amalgamate, and as seen
through the microscope, ,arraythemselVes IN long
cross lines which look like dminutivc fish bones.
Tears are secrcted by gland called the
"lachrymal gland" which is situated above
the eycbalI, and underneath the upper cyclid
on The side nearest the temple. Six or seven
exceedingly fine channels flow from it along
and under the surface of the eyeid, discharg
ing their contents q little above the delicate
cartilage which supports the lid. IL IL these
channels that carry the tears into tho eye. -
But tears 10 not flow only at certain moments
and under certain circumstances, AZ might be
supposed their flow is continuous all day and
all night (athough less abundantiy during
sleep, they trickc softly from their slender
succs, and spread gIlstcnlng over thrAsurtace
Of the pupil and eyebal giving them that
bright, enamel, and limpld look which Is one OF
the characteristic slgns OF health. Ii Is the
ceaseless movement and contraction OF this
eyelids that effect the regular spreading or tho
tears and the flow oil these has need to be con
stantly renewed in the way just mentioned, be
cause tears not only cvaporatc alter lew sec
onds, but also are carried away through two
little drains, called "lachrymal polnt', AMI
situated in the corner oil the eye near the nose.
Thus, all tears, after leaving the cyelids, flow
into the nostrils, aud if the reader would assure
himself Of this. he has only to notice, that q
person after crying is always obliged TO make Il
two. fold use OF his or her pocket handkc crchlct
The utility of tears to animals in general,
and in particular to thos. who are exposed
much to the dust, such as birds who live midst
the winds, is easy to understand: lor the eye
would soon be dirticd and blocked up Ike an
uucean window.panc. had not nature provided
this friendly ovelAoWng stream to wash and
refresh it, With regard now to other tears -
those We mean which proceed FROM moral IN
stead of physical causes the explanation to
be given OF them is prosy and material one.
Tears arc caused both by the sudden and rapid
flow of blood to the head and by excessive ner-
yous excitement. They are most frequent With
women and children: whose nervous Organlzl
ton is less strong than that of men. Amongst
men, it is those OF saugulne or nervous temper
ment who weep most oten. Lymphatlc ma
lures on the contrary, and people of bilious tenn
permanent, rarely weep at all; the former because
they have commonly but little sCuslb hy, and
the latter because theyusually have firm control
over their feelings When, therefore, Il man
of lymphatic or bilious temperament Is seen to
shed tears under emotion, one may teel sure
that the inermost nerves OF his heart have
been wrung, and one must bow ones head In
respcct before a man whose pangs must be iu-
tense. Conversely, it is prudent to keep one 5
coolncSs before stronger cXcitablc or highly lni-
aginative people who weep their tears are Of
ten genuine, but as rule, they cost them but
little effort and in nine cases ont OF ten, are
forgotten as soon as shed Actors OF great tai
cnt call up tears at will, by working themselves
into a wild state OF excitement. AladamOl Scc
Rachel, for instance. than whom no colder,
more unlovlng woman ever trod the stage, USED
when she put forth all her efforts, to weep SC
passionatcly that she would set fifteen hundred
spectators Cry ing with her. ChnmLcrS .j0Rr.
The MIGRATION OF FIsu.-Attcntion has
recently been directed to the appearance OF =
new and strange fish in the waters OF Lake Oa
tario. Seneca Lake aud other lakes in the lnte
rior of New Iork State. Specimens were sen
to Prof. Agassz. who pronounced the fish to be
a"fresh water alewfc, but did not attempt 10
account for its presence IN the lakes. lt
however, was supposed that the fish had come
into the lakes from the Atlantic, hY way OF tn
st. Lawrence, and this theory has been con
tirmed from the fact that Prof. Seth Greene ha
lust discovered the same fish IN Chesapeake
Bay, where il is known under different names
at Baltimore, ~ brm shal "r mud shal an,
at Norfolk as the gizzara shad, from IT'S havln.
muscular stomach like the gizzlrd Of a bird.
Prot. Greene Is satisfied that the fish in tn
New York lakes are OF precisely the same $rr
cirs As those in the Chesapeake Ry, and hnv,
5 made their way NY the II. lnwrrncr. anl thu:
: hy the canals and rivelS utu the interior LAX
& Seneca Lake ahounIS with nrg" >h"n!s nj thr>
Z fish wcighog nearly two pounds. On the
s first appearance in 1867, these fish we're v"r
Z small, and escaped the msshr~ I" the nets, IN
now they arc taken in abundancr.
Mr. Bcrgh, OF New York City, P"',d'nt q
= the Society for the Prevention "t CIncIiy
{. Animals, has caused to be intrnuduc"d III II
8 New York Legislature bill which rr"vrt'
d that each car on all the railroads 10 thar Stat
81 carrying live stock ofany kind shall hr prnvld'
q with water. tight troughS Of suitable >,z'.
b situated that all the stock may nave constn'
acce>s to them, aud that they shnll hr filled wi
IS good water every twenty tour hours.