davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08

To overcome these objections, and reduce
the amount Of the first outlay to minimum,
an ice house. is proposed, the construction
and arrangement of which are as shown in
the above diagram.
The above engraving shows an upright
cross-section Of an ice-house, with cooling
room, A. A, A are trussed timbers, placed
about four feet apart, for the support Of slat
floor B, upon which the ice is placed, allow
ing the air beneath to have direct contact
with it. Space is cold air-chamber.
with water-tight bottom, c, which is inclined
in order to collect the ice-water in troughs
following the sides of the structure. Space
Z, over the ice, should be about two feet,
and the ceiling should be covered on the un-
der side Of the joist with common boards,
and be filled from eight to ten inches thick
with loose shavings, the object being to al
low the air to pass in finely divided currents
from space D to E. On the top Of the roof
is the injecting ventilator, <, and in the
walls are tiues terminating into eJecting ven
tllators, FL. The movements of the air will
naturally be as indicated by the arrows. The
warmer the air in A will rise, and ascend
through the apertures d into Chamber c,
touching the ice, become cooled, and fall
back into A through aperture F. The at
mospheric air will enter space D. and divide
itself through ceiling l into space 4, pass
over the exposed surface Of the ice, and des
eend along its four sides through the slat 6oor
B into nhamber G, and thence iato room A
for use. An equal quantity Of foul air must
needs be allowed to escape through openings
u and ejecting ventilators Fl.
The advantages of this arrangement may
be briefly enumerated, as follows:
l. It is cheap.
q II il durable.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
The Newly Discovered Caves in Iowa

The Newly Discovered Caves in Iowa.
The Dubuque Times Of the 9TH instant
says:
"a natural wonder was lately un-
earthed on the Maquolata, about eight
miles northwest Of the city. This natural
wonder consists Of a succession or continua-
ton of caves. These caves were discovered
some months ago one hundred feet below
the surface of the earth, by men who are
now busily engaged with large working
force in prospecting them for mineral. The
large cave is over one thousand two hundred
feet in length and the smaller one six hun
dred feet, the two being separated from
each other by an east and west bar, about
sixty feet in thickness. No lead ore has yet
been discovered in the large cave, it being
filled with large bodies Of iron-rust rock,
which have fallen down from the roof and
sides in great masses. In the smaller
cave, however, the mineral shows itself
quite freely, and large quantities have been
taken out, while the prospect for richer
leads than any yet found grows daily more
Aattering. Mineral also abounds in con-
siderable quantities through the Ear men
toned, and the indications are that it will
soon be developed here in paying quantities.
That these caves thus discovered but lead
to continuation of others is demonstrated
by the fact that current of air puts in from
the west 50 strong that work cannot be pro-
secuted without stopping up the opening.
This volume of air is perfectly pure, and
comes in with rushing, roaring noise, re-
sembling the rumbling Of distant thunder
AS soon as the proper arrangements can bC
made we understand that the work Of drain
ing will be commenced and continued unit
a thorough survey is made Of the whole
range. 1t is quite probable that some new
and striking natural wonder will be de
veloped. Perhaps another Mammoth Cav
is awaiting for the torch Of the explorers
Who knows ~
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
Among the most distinguished
foreigners are the following:
Chinese in California.

The following clipped from the Whining
ton, IN. CD Star of recent date, is well
worth careful perusal:
The ratification of the Burlingame treaty
by the Government of China, which has
Just been announced, will, it is asserted,
nullify the laws in California in reference
to Chinese laborers.' The treaty provides
that " Chinese subjects visiting or residing
in the United States shall enjoy the same
privileges, immunities and exemptions in
respect to travel or residences as may there
be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects Of the
most favored nation !" and the Constitution
declares that all treaties made or which
shall be made under the authority of the
United States, shall be the supreme law Of
the land, and the Judges in every State
shall be lound thereby, anything in the
Constitution or laws of any State to the con-
trary notwithstanding. The Anti-CoOlie
Association" of San Francisco, it may be
mentioned, are not satisfied even with the
present severe acts directed against the
Chinese immigrants, but intend to apply to
the California Legislature for the passage Of
rigid laws. They ask that tax Of $500 be
imposed on every coolie imported, whether
direct from China or from any part Of the
United States, also fnO Of $1,000 for re-
moving the body Of deceased Chinaman
out Of the State; that persons renting a
house or lot for building purposes to
Chinese females of ill-repute, be fined 5000
for the first offence, and $1,000 for the Sc
cond !; and that any twelve persons living
in any town or township of the State, own
ing property to the value of $500, on going
before magistrate, shall be allowed to have
the Chinese residents removed three miles
outside Of the township, and u they fail to
remove within sixty days, the sheriff shall
be empowered to demOlish their buildings,
and that no Chinaman shall be allowed to
live in a room that does not contain nine
cubic yards.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
only snare for my poor soul! TwonId

only snare for my poor soul! would
give all | possess to have one hope for NV
poor soul )" In this sad state Of mind.
refusing to be consoled. this poor rich man
bewailed life devoted to the mere acuuisi
ton of riches Many came from his bed
side impressed with the uselessness of such
an existence, as the wealthy man had spent,
adding house to house, and dollar to dollar,
until be became a millionaire. All knew
him to be protesting Christian and good
man as the world goes, but the terror and
remorse of his deathbed administered
lesson mot to be lightly dismissed from
memory. He would have given all his
wealth for single hope of heaven.-Tem-
perance Patriot.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
From the American Builder
The Preservation Of Ice.
BY r. RAUMANN.

The freezing Of water is always accom-
panied by an evolution Of heat, the presence
Of which, however, is not observable it is,
therefore, termed "latent heat" The
latent heat of water is 1876 heat units
chat is, the heat evolved in the qualification
Of one pound Of wat is equal to the
calOric effect produced in raising l35
pounds Of water one degree in temperature.
If, on the other hand, one pound of ice
melts into water, the identical 135 heat
units are consumed in the operation. There
is mechanical operation to be performed
in re-aggregating the ultimate PARTICLES of
ice that they may form water, and the abso-
lutte amount, the vis ViUd of this work, is
expressed by 135 heat units, equal to lO4,-
22O foot-pounds, expressed mechanically.
Upon this fact is based the cooling power
of ice. 1t does not cool merely because il
has low temperature, but it does SO be-
cause every pound of it takes in lS5
heat units, absorbed from surrounding
bodies to perform the process Of llqultactlon'
II. latent heat Of water vapor is ], 40
Oh'Ao h03 1hO PiOOcoo vi NdPoi iHhS "
quires 1,146 heat units, which must be
supplied from surrounding bodies or by
means Of fire, maintained for the purpose
and which remains unobservable, or latent
in the yapor. If then, ice is made to va
porize instead of simply to melt, 1881
heat units will be absorbed by every pound
The object Of preserving ice throughout
the year is two-fold: it is largely consumed
directly, and is also extremely valuable al
affording means of lowering the temPera
ture surrounding bodies liable to be injuri
ously affected by heat hence the question
Of its preservation is a most important one
Various expedients have been adopted t
accomplish the purpose, with different de
grees Of success. Originally, in order t
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
PENNSYLVANIA.
MINING DssasTgR--ALAaosT ANoFHER An.
oMDALE HORROR

A telegraphic dispatch from Plymouth,
January 1st, gives the following account Of
a disaster the Nottingham mines, which
came near being repetition of the Avon
dale catastrophe:
The FIRE in the breaker of the Nottingham
mine, situased at the northern end Of this
town, and the narrow escape Of the miners,
has already been reported. 1t appears that
there were fty-6v men in the mine at the
time, which is one of the man-traps like the
Avondale-one with but one outlet-yet,
Notwithstanding this, no notice was given to
the men below that the building above was
on fire. Fortunately, it was discovered soon
after it broke out, and, with great exertion,
was not only prevented from spreading, but
was extinguished, the men below remaining
all the while in Ignorance Of their danger.
The fire was the result Of gross carelessness
on the part Of the company working it. 1t
appears that two stoves were kept in the
breaker to give heat to the boys employed
there to pick out the slate from the coal as
it goes in the breaker, and the pipes from
these stoves were run directly through the
woodwork Of the building, without any pro-
lection. The result was that which any man
might have expected The woodwork heat
ed until it became Of the consistency Of tin
der, and then ignited. At noon some Of
the men came up to dinner, and, although
every exertion was made to keep the fire
from tneir knowledge, the fact leaked out,
and they became aware for the first time of
the -errible fate they had escaped. When
they went down again they informed the
rest Of the men in the mine, and they at
once got together and held an indignation
meeting. and resolved at once to 90 up out
of the mine. When they got up they as
sembled the rest Of the men belonging to
the mine-in all about seventy-6ve-and
held another meeting, resolving that they
would not again 60 down into the mine un-
til there was built two brick chimneys for
the stovepipes, a watchman placed in the
building night and day, and bell at the
bottom Of the shaft, SO that they should
have a signal when there was danger
at the surface. Since that time the mine
has not been worked, and tie men still re-
main firm, The proprietors, Messrs. Thos.
Brodrick & Co., not being able to get any
men to supply the places Of their old hands,
have yielded to their demands SO far as the
chimneys are concerned, and their construc-
ton has commenced; but they think one
watchman in the night is sufficient, and de-
cline to place.spns, there in the day time.
The men say that this only shows q willing
ness to protect their own property, and, as
their lives are exposed in the day time. they
say they shall insist on the two watchmen,
and also on the alarm bell.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08

8. 1t is in strict accordance with physical
laws.
4. It accomplishes the necessary ventila'
ton Of the zee in two ways: it sends the
cool air from above and around the ice,
which would otherwise be totally lost, into
the room A and since the air is continually
supplied from the atmosphere, preserves the
purity of the air in room A.
5. The cold air chamber, G, is peculiarly
advantageous, since it allows the transmission
of cool air into rooms located bd the side Of
cooling room A.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08

Calling in the guesser, he asks a ques-
ton, Of the one having first word, who
must reply coherently, putting his word
in the answer. So on through the
whole. The guesser may try twice
if he fails to detect the proverb, he
pays his forfeit.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
Written for the ADvocATE.
MY SAFETY-LAMP.

By T. II. WALFoH.
AIR-"Let rs Haste to KetUiR Gr0ps."
Ny companion underground
Is my safety lamp
Where the fiery gaa is found
By M sAfety-lAmp-
It's wire guise is thin,
And he blue gas enters IN,
Where the flames around do spin
In ny safety-lsmp.
It's bonnie and lis bright,
Is my safety-lsnp;
Though It gives feSbls light,
Does my safety-lAmp.
When the coal Ia spIinters iy,
And the duSt so thick and dry
On God then rely,
And my Salety-lam
Destrustion's Of restrained
BY my Safety-lamp;
Till some place Of Safsty's gained.
Through my safety-lAmp.
Grim death is oflen seen,
With bis Bcyt ythc's edge % keen;
Hes held captive BY the screen
OF fmy saf,ty.l4mP.
Jack Riddle jammed his drill
Through his safety lamp;
Hot flames the mine did fill
From bis safety LAM.
As they lespt from stall to stslI,
EVactI.y d.ath Fra,u al
Jack was left without rail,
Besi ie his safety lamp.
When ! Analize the gas,
By ny safety-laup,
OF a morning aS pass
In, with my safety lamp.
When tie danger does enhAne9
Zach step a. l advance;
Trusting not 30 much 70 chance,
As my safety lamp.
A bless ng on the founder
OF the safety lamp;
May bis memory never mouIder
Or the safety lamp.
When hrery monster strain
Deaths dart to start amain,
Wen sing q thank full strain
o,,r .aFatr,
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08


Married Women.
ana "7' children may Deposit money, so that No se
-s- r.H ursE t.
Societies.
Nav deposit Money from time 70 time and before mAkiAg
'he frst Deposit, may Provide by Vote, how end ~
Whom Il shall be drawn out; and, provided copy sof
h4 Resolution De furnished to the Savings Ben 80
Money viii he psid, unless is provisions e clly
compiled Eith
Depositorss
Whsther Foreigners Citizens have the me right
7Propertv and In Of Death, any Money TO ~ ir
sill he paid to their Legal represeRtatiys .,
~ This country or elsewhere.
Wills.
~ "-u,s of Wills have been prepare " the Cokn-
+" n Se Savings Bank, 20 that any Deposition I5 }
egsy designate some one whc NAV take arge OF ihi
Money and Pr perry and be uardian Of bis Childfer
cas- OF hi Death thus much Inconvenience and RI
prn-e NAV he avoided. An officer Of the Savings BFnl
vhou snv charge for his services) prepares Wil fo
any Depositor applying.
Interest
The rate o sx per cent per annum, II paid orr 81
'lm Of Five Dollars more, but interest is only ta
Oh hayear day that l. the first daY Of Janu try
end the FIRST day of July, In each year.
Interest is Estimated
roo ne nalf year day BACK TOR every month that th
amount then deposit has been in the Savings BS1k
h interest u not called FOR, 1t Is credited on the iter
sy DAY q deposit. The same rate Of nterdht
allowed .u An sums ~l.ther large or small.
IF rToney is Drawn Out
hEe.r 'hr hsr-y-srly Interest days interest Is pal
s'ogpd w ~ mucn n Is thus drawn ont, not on ha
--us.n,
Notice
. not ordinarily rrquired before money is drawr. Al
sufficient furds are k.ut available TO pay Depo9tor
vhrn they heir money, hut the RIGHT ~ re
erre tee t reserved, or The purposs Of Preves stin
"runs,' which are uor allowed.
Working People
need lo' lose any time, the Savings Bank is!Sep
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
SATURDAY EVENING 5

Means for identifying Depositorss:
When DrTositor first comes to the Savings sank
precautions taken. and records made hat hemay
awANs lie Identified, and m in . book III lost
me owner thereof cannot be defrauded.
Th- business uf this Institution is confined exclu3vey
is The receipts ard Savings Deposits and nds
deposited n trust No Commercial or General Hank
ng business is transacted
certain proportion oi the funds invested b4 loan
lpon real estate IN the city OF chicago In making such
ans, preference s awals given 20 applications tfrOu
De"urs Of small msu-. who have accumulated IL the
Asiu ion sufficient nnds III pay FOR lot Of grb fund
and DE- r. o. ."rrcw sthiag to aid thtln 10
erecting hui ings o. ~ used a, D rm homt for
hruseIye, and families
AsM.nry remied Ny Drat 70 Europe cr else Shere
IN DeTositors
hS-Ihe p ans Of Cheap Cottages, selected by 4com
mite n depoSitors 10 IN institution may be stem al
The savings Bank
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
Pleasant Games for Holiday Evening,

company, teaching him to initiate that
motion of the hands and arms, required
in his particular trade. For instance,
a blow on the knees with the fist will
represent the carpenters trade; both
hands swung down rapidly, the wood
choppers; rubbing with the knucles,
laundry-work, etc. All being ready,
they fall to work, the leader singing
merrily,
Hsmy, Eamy, Oleau,
We all Wi work rs nSrd as We can;
You will work and 1 will work,
Hamy, gamy. eau"
The leader is at liberty to leave his
own wo-k any moment, and take that
Of another, who must instantly take the
dropped work of his leader. Failing to
do so, he must pay forfeit. There is
an immense amount of fun in this
game.
What Is Ny Thought Like ?-The com
pany being quietly seated, one of the
number, fixing his mind upon some
word or object, turns to each one pre-
sent and ask, What is my thought
like p The answer will be quite at
random, the subject Of his thought
being entirely unknown. Suppose for
instance the subject 6 thought be a
violin-bow and some one who has de-
clared it to be like cheese. On passing
around the circle again, he queries,
"Why is q vioIin-bow like cheesep' If
the question be quick enough to think
of neat reply, the game will be so
much more amusing. Perhaps he will
say, Because it is frequently very
lively;" even such an obvious reply
will be sure to /" bring down the house"
Answers failing, forfeits must be paid.
Gingerbread Rhymes. some
metre in which to write, provide each
with a slip of paper and pencil, and re-
+quire that he shall write a line in the
selected metre then fold over the
paper, so that what he has written will
not be seen, and pass it TO the next
naming the last word. The recipient
must write line, rhyming with it, and
another not rhyming, passing it on &c
the next and naming the last word a'
before. When the papers are full, read
to the company.
Russian Scdndal.-One of the com
pany whispers a little story of fctiliou,
scandal in the ear of another, who in hi,
turn whispers it to another, as near a,
he is able. No one can call for repe
tition of the story, but must pass it tt
the next as he understands it, right o.
wrong. The last one tells his story
aloud, which will be apt to be totally
unlike the original. All compare notes
and those having blundered pay for
feits.
The Musical Guide.-One of the com
pany goes out, and something is hiddeI
, as securely as possible. Some one pre-
sides at a musical instrument Of an.
kind, and when the seeker is called in t
! find the thing hidden, plays constant.
until it is found. If the seeker gets yer.
/ near the article, the music must be very
loud; and it dies away as he recedes
If he cannot find it, he must pay for
, felt.
Guessing Proverbs. goes out
and some old proverb is selected, ant
each one in order take a word OF 1t
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
NORTH SIDE
Savings Bank

Sash Capital & hOO, 900
WIN pr;di. rns II Increasing 3kCO, GOO
u. Fp"-is NJ an' sum, from ten cents 10 + thou
ana oaTs vii be received IN the SAVING Depss ment
l III ct paid trereon a. the rate Of SIX pr cent
pr Auuum
yl- nl- q Exchange for sale on New York. G. srmany
snJ ho' and, sFcden, denmark, sWitzerlsTf, Eng
'-' IRELAND, Scotlan and Wales
~ Clarkson. President.
Fred Meyer, Cashier.
IT cr,nr... TRUSTEES;
M laANhSIN, President.
rff9 TI ~ "IEELER, capitalist
.ATt,.5 AL hNOkE, Ut STraus, Hahne Co.
N"s HELLER President Prairie state ban and
r,.,.--t rust Company.
d. - 10 GEll Ike, Dealer in Grain and F.ouR
0N,NAhlrE Agent Mutual Lie InsuEsn5s Co., oi
nm New York
'H0si BUCHANAN, ". Treasurer NStoina4 Savings
A bsnt, Utica, NY.
Sp4I BUCHANAN, Cashier Commercial Matte .nal BAnk
"1D- MEYER, ECash'er.
The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1870-01-08
The Distinguished Dead of 1859.

The following are among the prominent
Americans who died during the year 1869
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1870-11-21

recognize and obey the lawsof the State
and the United States. They will sustaln'
in industrial life, those who stood by them
in political life. Every dollar honestly
earned, as well as every dollar saved will
rivet more closely the armor of proof which,
in the next elections, will insure an easy
victory to the valiant soldiers OF Reform.
A policy of political inaction is the true
policy OF the present, but it should be an
organized inaction-not the passivlty OF IN
difference and despair. We must act on
the defensive, and it is absolutely certain
that the people of the State who voted with
the Reforlners at the late elections can, two
wears hence, secure a government which,
whatever its party name, will be frugal and
liberal, intelligent and just. This consum-
nation can only be prevented by violence or
despair, and by that desertion to the enemy
''for consideration" which the Radical
leaders, as their only hope in the future. so
devoutly desire.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1870-11-21
TERMS OF TEE NEWS.

p.u,Y NEWS, by mall one year So; six
.,n,.hs ss: three months So: one month Is cents.
ssrrod in the city at FIFTEEN CENrs week,
paysble to the carriers, or Sc year, paid IN ad-
vance at the of1ce-
TEE TRI-wEKKLY NEWS, published on Tuesdays
thursdays and Saturdays, one year - Ola
months So 90. .,o,
rHs wEsKH NEWS, one year 81. SIX copies
slo. Ten copies, to one address, SO.
s,rrsR1pr1oNs In all cases payable ID aoYanee,
,,o,or continued after the expiration OF
the time paid for. ru,D,uv
rrT.-F,rst insertion 12cents a line; subsequent
assertions cents line. Special Notices Il Genus
line. Business Notices (by count Is cents line
Marriage and Funeral Notices 81 each. Meet
incs rs cents each. Cuts and Electrotype AdVer-
t,sements will be inserted on the Fourth rage
only.
NOTICES of wants. To Rent Lo st and Found
Boarding. &C, not exceeding 20 words, e5 cents
ZACH insertion; over 20, and not exceeding ~
words, 40 cents each insertion; over 80 anu no'
exceeding 40 words, so cents eacn insei"ou,
These rates are NET, and must inVaEiaois oe p"'o
In advance. .,,o ,reore
CONTRACT ADVERTISEMENTS, to run TWO "eeAs
or longer, for each line OF solid nonparen' :
weeks go cents; month 81; months 81 'o'
months Sc so; 8 months 81; IL months 81 hareei
advertisements In exact proportion.
TRANSIENT ADVERTISEMENTS will be puohsneo
m THR TR1WEEkLY NEWS st the same rates as
In TIE DAILY NEWS. Contract advertisements
a. one-haf the rates for TIE DAILY NEWS
ApvERT1sBMRNTs IN THE WEEKLY Ns"s, PEI
line of solid nonparell, insertion las Genus;
month so cents; months 81; months 81 'o' L
months sa. o
Ru61rrANcHs should be made by Postomce
Money Order or by express. III this cannot De
done projection againss losses by mall may DC
secured by forwarding draft on Charleston pay
Able to the order Of the proprietors Oh iAs NEWS
or by sending the money In registered ie''ef'
.ddrass RIoRDAN, DAWSON L CO.,
No. 14s East Bay, Charleston, s. G.