davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
CR1TIC1sa1s ny COaRnsPONDHhTs

Tho somewhat severe criticism of
"Ion," on tho story now being pub
lished in this paper, leads us.to repeat
what wo have said before, that while
always allowing correspondents tho
fullest possible privileges, We desire it
to be understood that 70 by no means
become committed thereby to their
opinions aud statements. Il II our
wish to have Tue JOURNAL 4 paper of
tho people, through which the people
can express themselves on all matters
Of general or local interest, aud fairly
oriticise anything that may appear,
either from other contributors or in tho
editorial columns. Freeness Of expires.
sion is the germ Of an Independent
newspaper; and what No claim for
ourselves We are willing to accord to
others. The merits Of an article or
contribution can fairly be left to the
decision Of the general tribunal Of
readers.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28


MILD W1NTERs.-The Minneapolis
Tribune speaking Of tho prophecy that
the fno weather We arc now enjoying
will be followed with period Of cold
and tedious weather, with 4 backward
and disagrecable spring says:
Ifprecedcnts arc Of any value, tho
following from tho notebook of
one of the Oldest residents At the Falls,
should have some weight, though,
Of course, it is impossible to predict as
to the weather in Minnesota, with any
degree Of certainty.
The winters Of 1852 and l859.60
were very similar to the present season.
were quite as favorable as re-
CARDS the mildness Of the weather,
and an carly spring was reached, ia
each instance, without experiencing
a heavy chill. In 1858 wheat was
sown in Fillmore county on the 25th
day Of February. In 1860 farmers
commenced sowing their wheat on the
9TH day Of March, and nearly all the
seed was put into the ground DUR
ing that month.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

The average wages per month Of
teachers throughout the State is: In
winter schools, male s$s4,9o, female
$2s.56; summer schools, male s87 56,
female $2o.74.. The lowest is 5000 :
the highest STILL. The apportion.
ment Of the State school fund in Fsbu-
ary, 1868, was 81 cents por scholar in
August 70 cents per scholar.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
THE NOR'rnEnN PACIFIC.

TIE Minneapolis Tribune publishes
the following special dispatch, which in
its last sentence at least, may We hust
prove to be true:
WASHINGTON, Jan 25.-The house
has just refused by six majority to table
tho bill granting a subsidy Of bonds to
tho Kansas l. Pacific road, but refer.
rcd the bill to the committee on Pacific
railroads. The house iavoss tho nov
policy Of guaranteeing interest on COM
panies' bonds, ~ proposed by Mr.. Win.
dom's bill. The senate committee
agrees with tho house on the new form
Of aid. The Northern Pacific bill is
considered safe, and it, friends are in
high spirits.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

The Tribune Almanac is one of tho
Indispensable to those who desire to
possess the current history Of the day
compressed into the least possible space,
and yet be all.suf6cient. The issue for
1869 is Of the character familiar to all
and can be had by RENTING twenty
cents to the Tribune, New York.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

THE Northern Pacific railroad, re-
marks the Boston Post, will be CON-
ple'ed from Lake Superior to the ocean.
The rich timber, mines aud farming
land it will open haze no general outlet
now on eithcr.sidc. Yet with all the dis.
advantages Of iuaccessibi'ity, they yield
one-third Of the entire bullion produce
ed in tho United States, or twenty-oue
millions Of dollars. This road will
open to commerce Z tier of future
States on tho north, whose demands
and supplies will make Russia for the
trade of the north Pacific on the Ash
attic shore. -, T.. ....y...
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

TIE Srenska Minnesota Bzadee il
the title Of now Swede paper started
At Red Wing, T. B. franklin editor:
1t is the only paper representing that
nationality in this State, and We believe
in Iowa and Wisconsin ~ we'll, aud
should therefore receive ample support.
1t is seven columns in size and very
neatly printed. forms 81.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

GoDEr.-The February number il
excellent. No wonder uodsy il such =
favorite-it never fails to be interesting
and attractive to ito Thousands Of
readers. In addition to the sngravings,
fashion plates, music and patterns, there
arc number Of stories, BY Marion
Hareland, 8. Annie Frost and Others.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

WESTON started from Bangor on the
18th on another attempt to. make biz
one.hundred days trip to St. Paul aud
back, for $4,000. .>sc>3
- Hon. MATT. H. CAnPEsrER, Seus'
tor elect from Wisconsin, - brother
Of G. W. Carpenter, Of BlateE l.
Carr enter, (Nlionesota Stage Company
St. PAIL. $3.50: - ! .-..::.si ::
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

The Indiana Senatorial dead-look
Was finally settled by choosing Hon. D.
s. Pratt, Of Logausport, who was last
fall : elected to Congress. Ho is 4
staunch Republican and Al ablo man,
though not widely known 10 political
circles.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
MlNNEsOTA NEWS.

"a German Emigration Conven.
ton is to DO held at St. Paul to-day.
Timber thieves in Freeboru ooun.
~ have to settle at SIS per tree.
"A son of Mr.. Wells, Of Lansing,
foil and broke bis arm on Tuesday.
-Farmiogton shipped during tho
past year l70.740 bushels Of wheat.
st. Paul had an exhibition of tho
prize riog, on the Opera House boards,
last week.
-Langford, lately appointed Govern
or Of Montana, is a brother-in.law Of
Governor Marshall, Of this State.
Tho Record estimates the hide,
wool aud fur trade Of Mankato for the
past year At $4,000.
The Tribune says that a dozen
Municipalities intends sending for
velocipedes in the spring. St. Cloud
expects to have At least two dozen.
The Faribault Republican gives
the receipts Of wheat, Of this years crop
at tho elevator at that place, at 55,446
bushels up to the 18th inst.
Rev. A. J. Nelson, Of Austin
who was badly injured by an accident
while splitting stick of wood, is re-
covering.
The Rochester Post says that tho
dwelling Of Mr.. Taylor, Of Eyota, was
entirely destroyed by fire. Loss
$1,000 ; no insurance.
The Governor has committed the
sentence Of death passed upon Michael
Ryan, the Owatonna murderer, to i'm
prisonment for life.
The Hastings Gazette says that
Mr.. Donnclly will be home about the
middle OF March, and will occupy
himself during the ummer auperntend-
ing his extensive farm.
DR.. Manly, Of Faribault, trimmed
corn too closely; gangrene set in ;
amputation of the leg became necessa-
ry and the day following the operation
he died.
Tho Northdeld Enterprise wants
the Legislature to reduce the passenger
fare on railroads in this State to three
cents per mile. This is what is pro-
posed in illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa.
The Cnaska Herald says the pro-
ject to form a new Judicial District,
from the counties Of Scott, Carver, Sib-
ley, LIE sueur and Mcleod, to be called
the Eighth District, is meeting with
much favor.
| On Thursday morning the house Ct
A. NJ. Rice, at st. Peter, was burned
together with all the furniture, etc.
Loss about 1000. Insured for $500
on the house and furniture in the
Phoenix.
Tue Austin Register reports FIRE
at Lelaoy, where four stores owned by
W. Hayes, W. A. ellison, Chas. Smith
and Corbett s Allen, were burned.
Loss Sac, 00G; insured for $4,000.
The St. Charles Herald says a
son Of J. W. Dockum broke his leg
while wrestling ; and a sou Of J. T.
Sasse had his arm broken in the
same way.
The Hastings Gazette learns that
the contract has bocn let for grading
the road bed for the next ten miles of
the Hastin IS L Dakot. Railway, to W.
H. Gardiner, for $4,000 for
the entire work.
The Anoka Union says the SUBJ
ject Of dividing Anoka county is being
talked Of considerably, and many are in
favor Of it. The proposed division is
to attach Centreville to Ramsey county,
and attach Manomin county and the
township Of MOUNDS View to Anoka
county.
The Red Wing Argus says: Fl
S. Perkins of Featherstone, we hear,
raised $500 bushels of wheat last year,
1900 bushels et oats and about $50 of
barley. We believe this is the largest
amount Of wheat raised by any farmer
in Goodhue Co.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

WHITTIER says that in tho poem
"Slaul ,luller," the Muller should be
pronou need so as t. rhyme with duller:
That is the pronunciation given it in
Minnesota, where they understand all
these things.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

TIE St: Rst' pF: zti1rn 's demands that
thorough ,oi irsyeA'g 1ls' be be had o +
tho charges made . Ya n e, Mem Mem:
.bers Of the Legislature for having re-
Gel ed va'uable eon.;seras,on, tor their
votes during tie recent Senatorial CON-.
test. This would be work for the ts!'
enoe If the session.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

Tue Annual Report Of the seere.
tary Of State has been received. It il
quito brief, and is devoted chiefly to
the public printing and of6oial canvass
The appendix contains variety Of use
ful statistical information. -.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

Gov. Clafin is the twenty.iourth
chief magistrate of the State Of Mas
sachusetts since the adoption of the
constitution in 1880. Five Governors
have been at the head Of the State du-
ring one half Of this time, to wit {:
John Hancock for ten years Caleb
Strong for eleven years Levi Lincoln
for nine; John Brooks and George N.
Briggs, seven years each.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

want to keep house, can we find y house
to live ia without building ono? And
would it b. possible to got that neces-
gary adjunctto housekeeping, hired helpY
Is it possible for strangers to get. &C.
quainted With your people whom they
60 therer That is il, I go there to
live will the ladies call to see me and
mako me feel at home among them, pro.
vidi"g they like me when they do sec
me2
Now, if there is any person among
your correspondents kindly disposed
toward stranger who wishes to know
aad lovc the people she is to live among,
will they please answer this :'ettor and
begin an acquaintance at once. D. O.
The first Of these inquiries
touches upon ono Of the greatest needs
Of St. Cloud, good hotel. Our hotel
keepers themselves acknowledge this,
and all are longing for some radical i'm
provement, Cannot &c. d. in addi-
ton to her husband and children, bring
with her some man Cor woman) Of capt.
tai and energy to 80 ahead and put up
a No. hotel here? 1t would be an
excellent investment, and such prof.
ect would receive substantial encour-
agcmcnt from our citizens.
Houses for rent could probably be
had by judicious management now, yet
we cannot promise how plentiful they
will be in the spring. Better come and
settle and build, and be master or mis-
tress OF your own castle and all it con.
tains.
No trouble for a lady Of good sense
and ordinary sociability-and We readi-
" premise our correspondent to be such
Ito soon feel at home among those
whom manifest destiny already points
out as the future rulers Of our munich
pal affairs. They are emiccntly social
and kindly.disposed. We could al
most guarantee &C. D." invitations "a to
an average Of twenty-one tea parties
a week, within 4 month after her arrri-
val, besides a tlattering prospect of be-
ing elected Vice. President or Cores
pondiug Secretary of = halfdozen
sociablea, sewing combinations, mite
societies or literary associations. With
these Injuries, intellectual and other
wise, in prospect, We trust that our in
quirer after knowledge will swallow the
preliminary hash and soda without a
wry face. :
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

THE MINNESOTA MoNrHLY.-The
first number Of this new magazine, pub.
lished at St. Paul, by Col. D. A.
Robertson, has been received. It is
we'll printed, filing thirty-tvo pages,
and is devoted to agriculture, hortieul.
ture, domestic economy, .ocial improve.
meut and general economy. Il
should receive 4 generous support
throughout all the State.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

1t il now positively asserted bv
members me- Of the Andrews congressional
committee that Gen. Andrews bar
gained for and received $1,000 as =
tee for running against Donnclly. We
do not state the incident because it has
any political importance, but merely a.
: tact interesting to commercial gentle
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

Iris . noticeable fact that while
wheat is depressed, pork is bringing
high prices all over the State, rangiog
from $1,000 to $1,000 per cvt., With
40 active market. Farmers should
learn a profitable lesson from this.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

THE Irish Immigration Convention
at st. Paul on Thursday was largely
attended. A: permanent Society was
organized, with VIM. Dawson, Of
Ramsey county, as President.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
M O N THLY
TRADE CIRCULAR,
FOR JANUARY 1859

Containing list of valuable and useful articles for
sale at ONE DOLLAR each: also, liberal inducements
for forming Clubs.
It also contains information, which, we think, will
be important to person sending money to the GIFT
Enterprise One Dollar Concerns.
1t is the opinion OF some Of City and State Off
Gals that if this circular is circulated in all parts Of
the country, 1t would be the means Of saving great
deal ofmoney, which is now lost by sending to these
unlawful concerns. On account ofour immense trade
and of the depreciation in Merchandise we are now
offering Agents better inducements than ever before
offered. Copies sent free to any address. -
ANDREWS CO., 81 Elm St., formerly LOG Sud
bury ST. Boston, Mass
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

eSENrAon RAMSEY left on Friday
for Washington: and took. his seat in:
the. Senate on Monday. fn - .@., -, -.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
lNJUSTICE TO NORTHERN MINNIE
sofa,

granted last summer two hundred thou
sand acres of land to be used in the i'm
provemcnt Of navigation at the Fails
Of St. Anthony We opposed tho meas
urc at the time, as great injustice to
this portion Of The State, and We are
glad to learn that 4 proposition is be-
fore tho Legislature for declining, on
the part Of the State, to accept this
grant, thereby allowing it to revert to
the government.
Should tho general government de-
sire to appropriate certain sum Of
money out Of the public treasury for
the purpose specified in the bill provid-
ing for this grant, there would be no
objection on the part Of the people Of
Northern Minnesota. They would be
perfectly willing to share 1t as part Of
the national burdens. But when they
arc asked to bear it al, the demand be-
comes unreasonable. And it is all laid
upon them when the lands called for in
the bill are withdrawn from homestead
settlement, and passed over for the ben
eft Of a corporation in the projects Of
which they have, at the best, but an
exceedingly slight interest.
For some time past the great body
Of lands taken for objects Of State i'm.
provement have been selected from the
St. Cloud district. Some Of the best
farming country in Minnesota is here,
and the drain for purposes other than
actual settlement has become decidedly
apprecisble, 50 much 50 that strong
feeling Of discomfort has grown up
among those most interested in the
prosperity Of the upper portion Of the
State. 1t is style Of spoilatiou which
can claim very little favor, but merits a
great deal Of condemnation.
What land remains should be held
sacred for tho benefit Of the people
those who are willing to 60 upon it,
make homes and aid 10 developing the
resources Of the country. But if it is
settled determination among those in
authority that further grants for river
Improvements and railroads are to be
made, We claim that they shall be for
such projects Is will be Of some service
to the sections from whence the consid-
Grafton comes. We: claim this in the
name Of common right and justice
There is no lack Of deserving measures
to which such aid could be given. For
instance, the improvement Of naviga-
ton between St. Cloud and NIinneapo-
lis; and again up the Mississippi to
Pokegama Falls. These would really
be 4 national work. Then a grant for
4 railroad from St. Cloud to Lake Su-
perlor or Cheugvatonn, would be q
wise and just appropriation Of land that
kas to be used for such purposes
Likewise for railroad from St. Cloud
up the Sank Valley to Sank Centre,
Alexandra and the Red River. In
Zach and al these cases the lands so
granted would vastly increase The val
-1e Of that which remained in the hands
# settlers or ~ homesteads. Some fair
equivalent would be returned. But
he Neeker's Dam scheme has not the
slightest redeeming feature of this kind.
t is a monstrous piece Of injustice, and
we most seriously hope that the Legis-
allure will decline to accept the grant,
md thus permit the land to become
gain tho property Of the people.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

% TuE wisconsin Legislature propose
TO invite the Minpssota Legislature to
yisit Milwaukee 10 COMPANY nth them,
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
Cul JURE Of FLOWERS AND VEcETaBl e
TT s. LAND OFFICE, ST. CLOUD, MINI,
u January %, 1869,

~ January o. 1869.
George W. KILLER:
SIl: Yen are hereby notified to appear at this Office
on tho 11rH DAYOF MARCH, 1869, At 10 o'clock in
cause why your Homestead Entry No 2ll2. made bv
you November 18th, 1866, upon tho " X nv " lot
section township l2s, range 81. in the District Of
lands subject to sale at st. Cloud, Mimi, should not
ent thereof by you and proposes then aud there to
show the same, whom you will bc permitted to con
test such showing. II. G. WATT, Register
jan286wt II. G. BURBANK. Receiver, =
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

. The Dakota Legislature, on the FINAL
test, refused to grant the elective fran
.0tI1 s*ill1 ! t9;iI1S H.! '"'f .i& . N'.t :
chise to women. =. ..r...,
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
40 Park Row N, Y,
VICK'S
Floral Guide For 1869,

The first edition Of One Hundred Thousand of Yicks
Illustrated Catalogue Seeds and Guido in the Flow
er Gar teI is now published. 1t makes work of 100
pages beautifully illustrated, with about $50 Fine
Wood Ensravings OF Flowers and Vegetables, and an
ELEGANT COLORED PLATE,
A Il % U f. II OF FLO w K n !.
1t is the most beautiful vol as the most insruc
tive Floral Guide published, giving plain and tllor.
ouSh directions for the
CUlT URE Of FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES.
Tie Floral Guide is published for the benefit of nv
customers, to whom it is sent free without applic-
ton, but will be forwarded to all who apply by mail
for Ten cents, which is not half the cost. Address
JAMES WICK, Rochester. N v
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
IT. PAUL AND Pacific RAILROAD.

Hon. Geo. L. Becker, President Of
he St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, as
he result of business trip to Europe
> able to announce that the necessary
'apital has been secured for complet-
ng the rain branch, from Minneapo-
is to Breckinridge, on the Red River,
~ the close Of 1870. Mr.. Becker
vcnt from Minnesota to London
While there he was Informed by their
gents that the holders Of tho bonds
.lrcady issued for tho road, de-
ired to see him at Amsterdam. He
proceeded there, and At = meeting Of
hese capitalista made .. full statement
# the condition of the line, with its
prospects. Ho was informed that tho
lecision of the bondholdsrs would be
cnt to their agents At London in a few
lays. Whom conveyed: to, :Mr. Becker
here it w.s to the gratifying effect that
addition to tho $a,0oo,00 in bond,
.lready taken for building the first six
y miles w.st from Minneapolis, they
would guar.atee to negotiate SC, 600, 900
additional, Is fast = needed. It is the
Intention to construct nieety miles DUR
ng 1869, and the remaining. sixty
niles before tho close cf 1870, 70
The building Of this road viii tend
reatly toward the development, OF the
-Northero part Of the State. 1t passes
brough riitsh agrioul:ural country,
attending 70 the Red River Of the
North. Settlements will certainly
ollvw With wonderful rapidity, as new
markets and easy modes Of shipment
-rc provided for surplus products. .'''.'
A change has been made 10 the Or
,anization Of the Company by which
Is entire management passes into the
lunds 81 Mr.. Becker. Mr.. l.. Il:
LiIch6eId a. son retire from the Com
)any. They i"ts"u however Investing
heir capital largely 10 other Minnesota
enterprises; J.. aud perhaps in some in
which St. Cloud. is very directly irter.
.sted. 10 z5a9G9: !. ,>r:... ...a,.:r i.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

: The President has signed the follow
:og bill relating 70 the Alexandria
,Poel2;ssu ,.tY:a2 Il >4ra: 81
na <,uetea. rkst he limit. IL ii. land Dis:
tvict - designated In the oct entitled AZ st % Gre
nts. approved JULY Is. 1858. to wit: All that part
northwestefk l3Ind district which 'liss Dor.h: u
wnship numbt = ~ nos,h and Hsss q range number
Is and west 81 tho Ann principal meridian shan "
Construed to embrace q the lands north Of township
l24 and weston said range IS. L-f|t1, ~ ~ ~,
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28

Our stock of Violins, violincellos, Con-
tra Bases, Flutes, Flies, Flagoletts, Claro-
nets: Gnitara. Banjos, Military Drume OF:
an descriptions, Brass Instruments, Aecor-
deems, Strings, ETC., is complete. s;: 3.
Church Organs, Melodeons and Planes
tuned and repaired. :. ttTGL
orders ptteatlesl to with PronptAese
Y3n26-1Y
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
A Fort ABERcRoMB1E correspond.
ent of the St. Paul Pioneer writes ::

~Ths slsighing between here and 81. Cload y nrst
rate and the stages arrive - early g three sz
O'Clock ,. T., three times pr week. Only Nv years
ago trip from st. Psul 70 ths poiat in Water. ~
considered great and hazardous undsttaki.E. ma
one would have to ride from fsty 70 Ay nijes With
out seeing house meeting siuEie Individual peg
haps. But now the country has become % much sst.
tied and the route well established that not ouly
al. without the least fear Of becoming lost upos ths
prairies Of freezing to death. In fact ~ traveller
u hardly out Of sight Of human habitatioos, o. Of
sOns land mark Of safSty and good cher, ftoa the
time If leaving st. Cloud until he arrives hers.'
He says that almost nine hundred
barrels Of -four and one thousand BUSH
els Of weat have been shipped from that
place by tho contractors for the relief Of
the Red River sufferers, and that con:
siderable quantity additional has been
shipped on private account by D.
McCauley.
New MUs1c.-From &. NJ. Trc-
maine, 4s1 Broadway, N. Y, We have
received three fne new ballads ~
don't know how they do it, but they
d." words by Laura T., music by Hen
~ Tucker; at will not do to tsll," by
H. P. Dauks ; and ut is not your
business Why" BY Augustus Call. For
catalogue address as above.
The St. Cloud journal. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1866-1876, 1869-01-28
PREPARED AT TIL

PNEVANEU Al VUH ,
NEW ENGLAND BOTANIC DEPOT,
And for sale BY all Dealers in Medicine.
G. DAMON d co.. Prop,'ietors
- - MOVES, PETIT 4 CO., =.
Wholesale Agents; St. Paul.
For salem st. Cloud by TICKNOR, Toll
MAN & CO., and ALLEN & RUSSELL.