The New York herald., 1869-01-07

,flcers, and TO prevent the holding Of more than
,ne ofilce at the same time:-
receive salary Compensation for performing the duties Of
than Office Or place q truss prons ander the con
whether office place be CIVIL military DR. naval and
hod any other once or place Of trust or profit under TIC
constitution OF the United States shall be deemed
have vacated the oce place which he held ahe time OF
such acceptance s i1
THE AIR LINE RAILROAD.
III 20 s Youns
ing machine.
Mossrs. Monnll, Of VT, CoSKLIso and DooLrrrLE
consideration was postponed and the senate took
up ms bill 70 promote commerce between the states,
length. '
SPEECH OF SENATOR SHERMAN
Mr. SHERMAN said that the committee had not
favor Of this blu, because member OF the House
from Illinois (Mr. Washburne) had already made q
questions involved. The biil he SAID prop@ec the
charter OF three railroads-one from Washing
ton to New YORK, one from Washington 10 pitts
burg and one from Washington to Cincinnati. The
questons to be considered IN connection with this
bill were, first, the necessity for such new roads,
and second the extent OF the power OF Congress
over existing railroads and TO authorize the con-
strucon OF new roads. In regard to the first ques-
tlon 1t was remarkable fact that the only access
from the NORTH west to the national capital
u BY one railroad. o branch Of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad-a Maryland corporation. No other
town IN the country OF the size or the size OF
Washington was without competing lines, and
1t was all the more remarkable when
the capital OF a nation OF thirty-six millions OF
people and the seat OF all the great departments or
the general government Congress, having exclusive
control the affairs OF the District had corre-
spending duties, one OF which might reasonably be
claimed 10 be to provide for citizens OF the District
people OF other like places. This duty was not dis
charged while the people OF Washington were left
Ohio Raroad great % foreign corporatlon @ % having @
interests opposed TO theirs and being entirely be-.
yond their control It would be natural
that this corporation had monopoly Of railroad
transit to and from Washington, if it were con-
tent with fair profit upon It's investment. But such
was NOT the case. A careful examination would
show that the Washington branch OF the road
yielded profit grossly out Of proportion to ITS cost
from Washington to the Relay House, and the report
for 1866 showed its gross earnings that year to have
year the expense OF operating $685. 294 leaving
balance 9f $3.50 sss as the profit on thirty miles Of
road; but from the comparatively easy grade
and the absence OF engineering difficulties
thousand dollars per mile, SO that the annual profit
was about thirty-four per cent upon its estimated
cost TINS pfons % was divided between the stock.
whole policy and management Of the corporation
were shaped-nrst to serve It's own interests; Sec
It up and third to serve the interests Of Maryland.
He did not blame the corporation for this; but 1t
and S how T. was to Leave
such corporation, and all that it was
them i Of this dependence was - to " authorize
the building Of competing roads without cost to the
should be built. especially one from the eve West was
the inconvenience and want Of drectness OF the
isting road, compelling the passenger who wishes to
go West from washington TO travel first thirty miles
eastward to Baltimore, orH he prefers another routs
TO 60 stlil further East and commence an entirely
be road road from nj the West direct to washington.
Cincinnati and the other western cities.
fsctins feet 00A the interests M ''e Of wasinSton 4 and
all who had occasion to visit from the
North East West It should be noted that the cost
OF travel and transportation upon the Washington
branch Is much greater than the cost for the same
distance on any other road and much greater, too.
road The tax paid by that road TO Maryland seemed
to be levied chiefly upon the Washington branch.
The passenger fare on that branch was nearly four
cents mle while II was clear that two cents mile
would yield handsome annual profit The charges
for freight carriage were even more exornltant In
o statement put forth recently by public meeting
Of citizens Of Washington there was mentioned
the case OF o merchant there who had i'm
ported some hardware from England. the charges
upon which for the ocean carriage, three thousand
miles, were less than the railroad charges from Bal
tnore to washington !thirty9iDe miles, Also an
to Baltimore was less than that from Baltimore TO
washington. The same meeting had also asserted
many Cases
timore through washington to places in Virginia at
lower rates than those charged for bringing 1t nom
Baltimore g washington; Even out q regard , Tor
Columbia It was clearly the duty OF Congress- to an
thorixe the building OF new roads, but taking wider
not built and the present state OF things allowed
continue Its tendency and result must inevitably
be the removal Of the national capital washington
removal had been talked Of upon that ground; put
its fne situation on the Potomac, Its association
81 x.<~<<r
fact that costly public buildings had been erected
there were all powerful reasons against such re-
mova and would probably ne concias,vs ones s ~
were made more accessible and less expensive 10
reach 70 live In. But besides the danger 70 the
there was worse danger to apprehend-a combi-
nation OF them-in proof OF which he had read by
the Secretary the following CIRCULAR
sm-rwo bsIls Senate bills 5z ana SSH are now pending
before the OF the United States each Of which nco
4s..: mi: :ns s..Is,
One Of these authorizes she eonsrneon Of oSd any
his i Su. snsrins wedge syses q railroad ssss
ton By co1gsss nssndsd to every part q The
Ss ds.uelve sz,ne fsIlrosa Interest,", pronos wnd
soa1 s.rs. rss s snd aiS
nany ths cerporasoss named 10 these bills soms q
This - oven ss imPs.ssioO sss iuaaen. men and
e 'o w tn.l 5 % a.. n iss S csS %
railroad compsnies generally have not The msAsu
Prominent Senator'S however, that the danger great
and imminent and that calls for immediate and vigorous
ererons the OF existing railroad odcers 10 avert IT,
Should this matter does 10 suggest
that use your influence with your friends 70 Congress-
especially IN the Senate, TO defeat oil such measures
j. Edgar rhcrr.s presdcnt Pennsylvania Railroad Com.
pAny; George ". Cass president Psburg Fort Wayne and
Chicago Railway; r. l. levitt. president PtsburR Cincin
natl and s. Louis Railroad Isaac Hnskley president Phila
delphIa, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroads; Charles E-
Smith, president Phiadepha and Reading Railroad Ashbc
wech, general president OF the united companies OF New
Tg Ts.nsps1.iIoa r. 10 comp COMPANY; H. d..,nsr president
Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company
Commenting upon this circular Mr. SHERMAN said
the sivners OF t were the ablest railroad men
IN the country: but he warned them that this eort
OF theirs ill-advised and, n persisted In, would
inevitably result In combinations both In the states
and In Congress which would override all attempts
TO prevent free competition among railroads. Ex-
perience had shown not only that such competition
was beneficial 70 the public. developing territorial
resources and decreasing the cost 81 living but also
thar 10 not Injurious to the railroads: but N
II were injurious 10 them, that would I've no reason
why II should not exist. man who sets up cotton
v,rtn In n fxxw Ax>oo Hx.rr