New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-07-17


War with Great Britain soon followed; and, for
mora than two wears ensuing the land resounded to
the clash of arms. When peace was at length re-
stored Mr.. Madison transmitted the Treaty OF
Client to Congress, accompanied by an explanatory
Message in which he says:
oRut there is no subject that can enter with greater
force and merit into the delloeratons oi d s ne
SSntfqcureS which have sprung into existence anu w
s,niss during the period of the European wars This
so'ycs Of national Independence aud ,7eath Gr'o,'sy
reeomuend, therefore, 70 the PFo"P' anu eO's'"' S
dianship OF Congress"
FINALLY in his seventh Annual Messages to new
1,o,orsss about to enter upon the revision OF TIC
.Torig and its adaptation to the changed clreunn-
tnces of our country, consequent not merely on INC
cIoss Of our own War with Great Britain pu''
tbs FINAL overthrow of Napoleon and the re-
,.mltpg restoration of peace to the World 'lo
,,oteran statesman about to take leave forever VI
lJic life addressed words freighted with the WIS
or horn of rare natural sagacity and the observa-
tns ~ long eventful thoughtful, active, honored
career entreat every reader to weigh carefully
avery word of the following, in contrast with the an
tagonst incucations now so perslstenuy ulnneu
into the public ear. Mr.. Madison says;
ain adjusting the duties imports to the o9eeI IN
rocc.soTv present itself for consideration however
wise the theory may be which leaves TO the saga nsrV
interest Of individuals the application OF 'T bs oaseS
and resources there in this, as IN an gtnca nr6on
exceptions to the general rule BTs C1yoeal adoption
by other nations. experience teaches tnat 80 a1rin
Duangfacf1Tjng establishments especially Of the more
complicated kinds that eo'trg Mag ss1 9d IN some
respects r esghg men, on asGec i
cess In SG,gCu nstronaSe n preference is obv
0nsiy claimed by such as Will relieve the united
states from dependence on foreign supplies ever sub
ct no casual failures for articles necessary for the pub
fc defense, connected with the primary wants OF lu
[iyduals 1t will be an additional recommendation Tor
particular manufactures when the materials for them are
extensively drawn from our agriculture and eonse,
Quenty npart and insure to at great FUND OF nalSh
prosperity and independence an encouragement which
cannot fail 10 be rewarded"
Mr. Alexander J. Dallas the eminent Secretary
of the Treasury, supplemented Mr.. Madison's
Message with a special Report, drawn up in ODE
dienoe to requirement of the House embody
ing the draft of Tariff contemplating both Revenue
and Protection, and cogently commencing the policy
of Protection. ! ask attention to but single para
graph of that Report, which bears directly on the
points under discussion. Says Mr.. Dallas
Although indulgence win always be required for
department Of tho sacrifice cannot be either
great or lasting The Inconvenience OF the aay VIII De
turist whose produce aud whose Hooks depend LOT Their
DO occasion eventually regret the opportunity Of
ready sale for his wool or his cotton In s own negbor
hood aud it VIII be understood that the OF
the American manufacture which tends to diminish INC
profit (oiten the excessive prohO OF the Importer does
not necessarily add TO the price OF the article IN the hands
OF the consumer"
Mr. Newton of Virginia--wbo lived and served till
he was known as the father of the HOuse-On the
same day made, from the Committee on Commerce
and Manufactures. Report urging a largely in
creased duty Cotton Fabrics and of course favor
lug Protection in general In view of the base efforts
since employed to SOW dissension not only between
different classes but between different sections Of
our country, on the assumption that Protection
taxes one for the benefit Of another, solicit atten
ton to two paragraphs of the language Of the Com
mittee through Mr.. Newton-as follows
The States that most disposed TO manufactures "a
states all the raw materials which they want and
ineOnsiderable portion also OF the neceSarles OF Si
they at present enjoy always command 10 peace or IN
war, at moderate prices every species OF naunaente
manufacture for themselves, they can do so with success
because they have all the means in their power to erect
and 70 extend at pleasure manufacturing establishments
Our wants being supplied by our own ingenuity and IN
lures viii cease"
Referring to the general advantages Of the Protect
i've system in developing the resources OF the whole
country, the Committee say:
Every State win participate =, IN those d Sdya9
and enlarged. Different sections Of the Union viii,
according to their position the climate the poP4a
soil, strike into that line Of Industry which Is best
active and free intercourse promoted and facilitated
10y roads and canals viii ensuej prejudces which are
generated by distance and the want OF Inducements 70
approach each other and reeprocate BENEFITS w DC re-
information
acquire strength and sodlty and the Consli9Ion OF
the United states, and that OF each state, WIZ pc re-
garded as fountains from which flow numerous streams
OF public and private prosperity"
The Tariff thereupOn framed and passed was re-
ported by William LOwndes Of South Carolina-one
of the abest and purest whom this country ever
knew. One of its most salient provisions was that
which established minimum of twenty-five cents
Der square yard for Cotton Fabrics-that is to say
the duties on Cotton and on Wooden Fabrics being
alike fixed at twenty-five per cent? it was provided
that all Cotton Fabrics invOced costing less than
twenty-five cents per square yard should be deemed
TO have cost that sum- and subjected to duty accord
ingly. The effect, of course, was to make the amount
Rctualy assessed on cheap Cotton goods equal
10 an Ad YalOrem impOst Of fifty to one hundred per
rant Here is that atrocious imposition Of exorbi-
kant taxes on the fabrics by the poor while
those bought by the rich pay next to nothing,
whereupon modern demsgoguism so exuberantly
disports itselfJ A desperate effort was of course
made to strike out this provision for a minimum.
This was resisted by JOHN c. CALHOUN, then
young member from South Carolina, but one of re-
cognized eminence and power. Mr. Calhoun based
bis support of high specific duty on cheap coarse
Cotton Fabrics. on these grounds:
seher agriculture, manufactures commerce. taken
sepsdfaI en- cannot exist Witbo1t eSeh The eal Of
any nation, OF Individual IL true, may not be i'm
aVs presnpposes the existence Of the three sources
Thoueh derived Immediately from one OF two OF them
Seycs industry would have no stimulus without manu-
fActures would be without the means Of production
When separated entirely and permanently they must
separations and hence the great embarrassment that
follows In its train. The failure OF the wealth and
sources Of the nation necessarily involves the ruin It's
finances and It's currency, II Is admitted by the most
strenuous advocates on the other side, that no
Of