davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1869-04-07
mt,diral
nOOFLlNDS GERMAN BITTERS
ksn
H00Iland's German Tonic
The Great Remedies fof all Diseases of the
Liver, slomneh, Or Digestive
Organs.


Organs.
Hollands German Bitters
I, composed of the pure juices Tor. a. they are
incidentally termed, ~ Bxtraetsl of roots
sS1S.o,sd SsDS. SIs Os sDITgs P,SPs'NSs s, nsS To
alcoholic admirture Of any kind"
HooAand's German Tonic
Il a combination Of all the ingredients Of the
Bitters, with the purest quality Of Santa Cruz
Rum, Orange, ac., making one Of rho most plea.
SAINT and agreeable remedies ever offered to the
public. Those preferrug medicine free from
alcoholic admixture, will use
Hoohand's German Bitters.
Those who have no objection to tho combine.
tion Of the Bitters as stated, viii use
Hoohand's German Tonic.
They are both equally good. and contain the
same medicinal virtues, the choice between the
two being mere matter Of taste, the Tonic being
the most palatablc.
The stomach, from a variety OF causes, such
as Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Nervous Dibility, etc.,
ed. The Liver, sym { pa,hiling as closely
as 1t does with tho ~ Stomach, then be-
comes affected, tho result Of which is that the
patient suffers from several or more Of the fol.
lowing Diseases
Constipation, Flatulenee, Inward Piles, Fullness
Of Blood 20 the Head, Acidity Of the stom-
ach, Nausea, Heart Burn, Disgust for
Food, Fullness or Weight in the
Stomach, Sour Eruptions, Sink
ing or Flutlering at the pit
.ofthe Stomach, Swim
ming ofthe Head,
Hurried
Difficult
breathing,
Tutoring Of the
Heart, Choking or Suf-
floating sensations when
In lying posture, Dimness Of
vision, dots or webs before the eyes,
dull pain in the head deficiency Of per-
spiration, yellOwness Of the skin and eyes,
Pain in the side, back, chest, limbs etc.. sudden
hushes Of heat burning hesh, constant
imAginngs Of evil aud great
depression Of spirits.
The sufferer from these diseases should exer-
else the greatest caution in the selection Of
remedy for his case, n purchasing only that
tions and inquiries possesses true merit,
is skillfnlly compounded, Is free from Injurious
ingredients, and has established for itself
reputation for the cure Of these diseases In this
connection we would submit those well known
remedies
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1869-04-07
DYSPEPSIA.

Thousands Of the worst sufferers from this ter.
rible gnawing disease have been cured by the
use Of Robaok's Stomach Bitters, as the testimo-
mails now in our hands fully provo.
Clearfield Republican. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1851-1937, 1869-04-07
Caution.

IIoohand's German Bliters arc oounierfei,,d
See that the sigma II tute Of c. NJ. JACK.
All others are coun terfeiL Principal
0fice ard Mauufaciury, At the German Medlca
store, No. esl Arch street, PhilndslrbiA, Pa.
CHARLES NJ. EVANS. Proprietor.
Formerly c. NJ. jackson A Coz
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
To the Voters OF Augusta, &c.

am candidate for Congress and regret l
have not been able to address you in person. l
am compelled, therefore, to speak to yop through
the medium of the press.
Some fears have been expressed that would
not be able to take my seat, if elected. In re-
gard to which beg to say, that there il not q
shadow of doubt on that point. See the fol-
lowing copy Of letter just received from the
Hon. ]. r. Farnsworth, who, in the last Con.
press, was chairman of the Subcommittee on
Reconstruction and whose duty it was to take
charge Of applications for the removal Of disa-
bilities.
"In reply can state that your name is in the
bill which passed the House at the March session
and is now pending in the Senate. That your
name was in the bill which passed both House:
OF the Winter Session of the last Congress and
only failed to become law because the Senate
amended by adding other names, some OF which
were objectionable. have never heard any OBJ
lection to your relief and have no doubt you will
be admitted to a seat in the House, if elected"
The bill ia now before the Sonata and as t4st
body passes all such unanimously, ! hope this
question is at rest.
Questions have been asked if improper condi-
tions are not imposed on persons asking the re-
moval of disabilities answer NO and refer to
my statement taken down before the Reconstruc-
ton Committee and to Judge Shehey who was
present
When announced myself At the May Court,
said would vote for the Expurgated Constitution
vote against the objectionable clauses and fol
the Walker ticket. Ihave not changed my pur-
pose.
Silly and false statements have been made about
me which my self-respect and my regard for the
public taste, forbid that should notice.
If elected, fellow-citizens, you viii find me in
the future, as tried to be in the past faithful
and Industrious representative.
Respectfully,
JOHN T. HARRIS.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
Last Word to the People.
To the Voters of the 9th Congressional
District.

White men Of the District, which is to repre-
sent your interest, Gray or Harris! Gray Is
fighting oil along the line as the Conservative
alker ticket white mans candidate. Harris is
fighting for you by private interviews with WelIs
and secret interviews after night with the leaders
Of the radical leagues. which be will not deny
Gray is without disabilities and can get into
Congress a. your representative if elected. Har-
ris says he can get in. II he cen, it is because
be is under pledge to the radical members, and
that fact can be proven. On an important ques-
ton between the Radicals and Conservatives,
Gray would incline to the Conservatives; Harris
with the Radicals if they let him in. Harris
charged the Southern man in his trouble and f.
nancial embarrassment five hundred dollars to
assist him with his pardon. Gray did the same
work for the Southern man and charged him moth
ing, not even his personal expenses. Harris cleo
tionsers privately with the negro for MS vote !;
he won't deny it; Gray declines the vote OF the
Wells negro. Harris reads publicly communi-
cation, saying it is from General !uDai a. Early,
numbers have heard it,-insulting to the walk
er ticket generally, and to Johu +. Lewis and
R. A. Gray in particular; and afterwards, when
the letter is demanded, he admits that the name Of
Early was added by himself, and q mere surmise
Was not this undoubtedly lie to the people, wall
full, deliberate and malicious, only used for sef-
ish ends? IL not the truth knowingly suppressed
lie? Is not Harris in the interest Of the Radi-
Gals :! Do the gallant white men Of this district
want such a man for their representative =
Which, gentlemen, honor bright.-whieh for
you? Gray who answers everything right up to
the mark, or Harris who answers nothing; who
prefers leaving you in darkness and fog, in stir
ring, troubulous times like these? Consult your
best judgment, and let that direct your suffrage.
Respectfully,
| yfs ), ROBERT A. GRAY. Il.
Harrisonbusg, Va, June3 Is. 1869.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
Special Notices.
LET NOT PREJUDICE UsURp.YoUR REAsOl

LET NOT PREJUDICE UsURP:Y0UR REASON.
It is fact that, in the minds Of many persons,
q prejudice exists against what are called patent
medicines; but why should this prevent you re-
sorting to ON article that has SUCH on array Of
testimony to support it as HOSTETTERS SION
ACH BITTERS? Physicians prescribe it; why
should you discardits judges, usually consider
ed men of talent, have used and do use it in their
families why should you reject it? Let not
your prejudice usurp your reason to the everlast-
ing injury to your health. II you are sick, and
require medicine, try these Bitters.
When the bodily energies are worn out by an
anxiety and needs q simulant. this is the best
that Gun be taken. 1t is tempered and modified
by hygienio herbs and roots, which prevent il
from fevering the blood; and hence it does not
produce mere temporary excitement, 70 be fol-
lowed by injurious reaction, but COMMUNICATES 4
permanent potency to the entire vital organize
ton. Some Of it's herbal constituents are slight
ly soporiAe 90 that in cases where elespless6ess
is one Of the aceompaniments Of neryoAa disease,
q dose Of it taken towards bedtime will tend to
produce quiet and refreshing slumber. For PAL
pitation Of the heart remors, Mysteries, fainting
fits, general restlessness and the cauaelass fears
and distressing faasiss to which ladies are es-
pecially subject under certain morbid conditions
Of mind and body peculiar to their sex. the Bit
tiers will be found the most agreeable and certain
of all counter -irritante.
The constitutionally nervous may readily keep
their infrnity in constant check by the daily use
of this healthful vegetable TONIC; and those who
have "shattsred their nerves." as tho phrase
is, either by imprudent indulgence or undue phys
ical or intellectual labor, will ad iA this yitaliz
ing elixir prompt reatarattvs.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

WESLEYAN FEMALE INsTITUrE.-On Thursday
last this nonular Academy wound up its annual
49,. ~. ~. c.....,. .o.,;... v,h;.b
uu'ies Win 'ne oonins1l eAs'.ss'' "
took place at the hall of the D. b Blind lnstl-
lutte in the presence of crowded auditory,
omonost whom were manv Of the Masonic Order.
"n :, "''uAA "o' ,' =. ~.
The following Is isl OF the graduates IN the
seperate schools:
School of Nat. Phizossphu. Misses Minnie Bar
ton. Mary C. Bruce, Matte, Boswell. Mary Gray
Brooke. Mary Coe. Laura CUNNINGHAM. Jessie
Dav;. Ia Eiiott Kot. E;nns1l ! nat3;a Fretwel,.
Gnss;a Fitch Alice y H;sar Incv Harris Han.
nah Hondorson New Hvda cms:;a Hobbs len.
nj. Hobbs Marv s Honeh. Henrietta McNeel,
Ella McNeer. sac Lantz. Ella McKinnon, Viola
McGnff;n Annie Noon irene Owinos. Sallie Pat
terson. Mary Powers. Jennie X. Pitzer, Sallie
Routt. Julis Rosa Florence Rapp. Sallie Rapp,
Rett;e Reese Jsrn;e Stnmn, Kate sbnff Ella Tan.
onarv Nanr;s Tr;mble Kate Trotter. Alice Walsh.
$50 ~ rs.n,;.,s,, Misses Nav r Rrnce.
Matte Roswel1 Ianyetta Cline MolIie Dear. An.
n;a nstfenh.nnh Gnes;e Hobbs Alice v Hiser.
Now Huds Rnbsrta Maun;n Eudora q padret.
saii;s Patterson Jennie Pitaar Lon. M. Ruff. al.
ice E Sherman, Matte Smith, II. v. Stump, Lau-
ra J. Strasburg, Kate Trotter, Haywood Trotter,
ida weaver Ahce u. Maisn' MAJ. po.u.n +
" rnnn;ncbom Sne Fontz f3nssie Hobbs. Mary
HYDE. Georgia Jenkins, Henrietta McMullen, Irene
| Owinps. Jennie Pitzer, Kate Mex. Pitzer, Dora
| Padoet. Laura iStrasburp. Fannie Shafer, Matte
Station Olivia Talbot. Kate Trotter Alice Walsh,
Phoebe Yeitch, Jennie Stump.
School Of Eng. observation-disclosures Laura v. Gun.
ninohnm. Janetta Cline Mary 6. Houph, Alice v
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

A Coon S1eH-A deputation Of seventy
FIVE to eighty colored people sought an inter:
view with Mr.. Walker at Charlottesville, and
were well satisfied with our candidate. The
indications are that Walker will get more
colored votes than Wells will whites. The
leagues are dissolving, and the colored men
ore asserting their independence Lea. Gasetl
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
ENTLER's SURE CURE.

Has never yet failed to cure the severest
cases of Cholera, Dysentery. Cholera
Mo, bus, Diarrhea, Flux, Summer Com
plant in children. &C. Manufactured by
W. M. Entler s. Co., Shepherdstown, W.
Va. Price IS cents per bottle. See cir
sculars. Sold everywhere. No cure no
pay. Every person should keep it con-
stsntly on hand. For sale by s.
P. H.TROUT & Co., Staunton, Va.
July Sly
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
For the Valley virginian.
THE Congressional Contest,

The people, we hope, will vote for our form
er able, efficient and faithful representatives. n
Congress, Judge Harris, Notwithstanding the
letter of Col. Baldwin advising every enc to
vote for his near conneetion, Ar. Robert
Gray for Congress.
Judge Harris will got his disabilities re-
movcd-see the letter Of Hon. Mr.. Farms
worth in Valley Tirginiaa, in which he says,
as Chairman Of the Reconstruction Commit
tee, that Judge Harris's disabilities vail GER
tainly be removed if be is elected, The peo-
pie, we hope, viii follow thoir own Judgment
and inclination, instead Of the advice Of Col.
Baldwin, or anybody else, There is no Rad
ical in the field and we believe there will be
none. A VOTER.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
A7e7sO3s9ece3sae 9ats
FOR CONGRESS.

We are authorized to announce RoBr. A. lGnAY,
ESQ.,, of Rockingham, as the Conservative Walk
cricket candidate to represent this (the 6th)
District in the 4lst Congress. The District is
composed of the following counties Frederick,
city of Winchester, Clarke, Warren, Page, Shen-
andoah, Rockingham. Augusta, town of slaun.
ton, Highland. Bath, Botetourt, Allegheny and
Rockbridge.
time allowed to address the people at least al
every Courthouse in the District, Of which some
notice will be given.
ma. Papers in the District will please publish
this card and send accounts 70 Register Office
Register. june 10
WE are authorized to announce Judge JOHN
w I. HARRIS as candidate to represent
this (the 6th) District in the 4lst Congress.
June side.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
r ARGE ARRIVAL
Ia Or
SPRING STOCK

T ARaE AHRIp =
SPRING STOCK
am now receiving my SPRING GOODS from
New York Head Quarters which is very handsome
in quality and of the latest manufacture and i'm
portation. +..est. 49, .,..,( s.
The Dress Goods Department
Comprises Plain and Fancy Silks. Poplins, Al
pacas. Nahair, half and all wool Delaines, Plain
and Fancy Jaekonet, Lawns and Gtngha@s,
full stock of French and American Broad
Cloth, Cashmere, Cassinette, Kentucky Jeans,
Yestings
Ladies' and Gents Furnishing Goods, Shawls,
Mantillas and Scarfs.
Full stock of Calicoes, from 10 septs 10 one
shilling.
Bleached and Unkleaeaed Cottoas.
Hosiery and Notiors,
Silk and Cotton Parasels, and Umbrellas.
In the Shoe Department can be found all kinds
of Cloth Caters from No. II to 8, and from s rs
to $3.50.
Also, Morocco and Calfskin Ladies' and Gents
Shoes.
Heavy Leather Shoes for servants.
Gents Caters, Low Cut Shoes and full stock
of Brogans.
Boys Youths and Girls Shoes Of all descrip-
ti0ns.
Two and three ply Carpeting, six pieces do.
Hemp from Ss to As ceAts per Yasl
RUGS AND OIL CLOTHS,
for Floor and Table Use.
Ladies' Linen Hapdlkerchiefs,
choice article at 10 cents or 81 per dozen.
100 dozen White Hose at one shilling pair.
Trunks, Carpet Bags, Valises, SC.
neA. Our friends and customers are invited to
give us call, and we assure them we will do all
we can to give satisfaction in price and quality.
s. H. HILB.
Crawford's Corner.
P.s. 200 pair No, Ladies Kid Gloves from
Bankrupt Sale at 80 cents-worth 81 so.
Stanton, may $50 ~ s. H. II.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
rO THE AFFLICTED.

L Why will you suGer-with rheumatism,
neuralgia, diptheria, asthma. bronchitis, quincy,
sore throat, collie, cramp tooth ache, palpitation
Of the heart and spinal affections, when the rem
edy is on hand. We have seen and published Ger
tifcates from the most Ashiy respectable ladies
and gentlemen in this - well a. ether States
We tried DR.. French's Anodyne Elixer and have
seen it tried and have heard numbers Of people
speak Of it as being the best family medicine Of
the day-our word for it, if you will give it q
fair trial, in any Of the diseases enumerated
above, you will never be without it again. DR..
French's Office is ON New Street, above Hilb's
corner Cali and sss bin:
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

Those in want of Wheat Fans, should not fail
to read the card of P. B. Hoge & Brother. to be
found in to-days issue. They are highly recon-
mended, and are said to be the best Fan In use.
Call and examine for yourselves.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

s@-If you find any Of your neighbors IN.
clined to stay at homo on the 9Th, persuade
them to go to The spolIs-oae vote is vital
importance
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

phineIes! ShinglesH Shingles!!!
- fhe undersigned have on hand. upwards
Of zoe. 600 EXTRA WHITE PINE SvINdLEs,
which they are anxious and willing to sell and
deliver at Mllboro' Depot, Va, on the most rea-
sonable terms for CASH.
MOORE s. THOMPSON,
Millboro Springs,
June calm Bath county, Va.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

DR.. LAwnEScE.-My son was terribly afflicted
for long time with Epilepsy or Fits He usally
he'd from five to twenty day. ! tried the best
medical skin without benegt. !! then commenced
giving him yeq Roass AfsE a nnsir a fsn
about four months vgo, when they stopped entire
ly. It's general health has also been completely
restored and he is now bright and sprightiy
how. believe that, if he had not taken your
Rcsadalis, by this time he would not have known
dav from night. have also used the Rosadalis
in INV family, and know it to have been used by
my Reighbors as gIps5sl health rs sss. With
the mss ggsa. o sqs satraordins1y merit
S'7' - JAMES DAVIS.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

MA The horse stolen and advertised In this pa
p.r week before last, has been recovered in Mel.
son county, Va. So much for advertising in the
Valley Vngiaian
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

D6The election takes place on Tuesday.
the 5th-forego all minor considerations, and
do your duty as a man and patriot.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

"OLp JoE."-Joseph Segar seems to be gaining
ing ground all over the State, for Congressman at
large. We believe he is about as good as any.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
THE MOST POPULAR MEDICINE
EXTANT, 100 <z

- applicable ana efteacious to young or Old
THE PAIN KILLER = :.
Is both an Internal and External Remedy.
THE PAIN KILLER shouidsbe used
at the first manifestation of Cold or Cough.
THE PAIN KILLER
Is the Great Family Medicine Of the age
THE PAIN KILLER
Will cure Painters Collie.
THE PAIN KILLER
Is good for Scalds and Burns
THE PAIN KILLER
Has the Verdict Of the People in it's favor.
THE PAIN KILLER
Gives Universal Satisfaction.
THE PAIN KILLER
Beware of LIMITATIONS and CoUNTERfRITs.
THE PAIN KILLER
Is an almost certain cure for CHOLERA, and
has without doubt, been more successful in Gu
ring this terrible disease than any ether known
remedy, or even the most eminent or skillful Ply
sicians. In India, Africa, and China, where this
dreadful disease is ever more or less prevalent
the PAIN KILLERS considered by the natives
as well az European residents ip these climates.
a SURE REMEDY.
THE PAIN KILLER-each Bottle
is Wrapped With full directions for use.
TUE pain KIIr.ER ia cold nv all
n-raa;sts and Daolara in Family Medicines.
July - ..
NTANHOOD.-1NT THE YOUNG AND RISING
II Generation, the vegetable powers Of life
are strong, but in a few years how often the pal
lid hue, the lack-lustre eye and emacisted form
and the impossibility of application to menta
effort. show its baneftl influence. It soon be-
comes evident to the observer that some depress
ing influence is checking the development Of thu
body Consumption is talked Of, and perhaps thu
youth is removed frosa sciaoei and sent into thu
country This is one Of the worst movements
Removed from ordinary diversions Of the ever
changing scenes of the city, the powers of tn,
body too much enfeebled to give zest to heaithfu
and rural exercise, thoughts are turned inwardl
upon themselves:
If the patient be q female, the approach OF TN
menses is looked for;with anxiety, as the frs
symptom in which Nature is to show her SAVING
power in ditfusng the circulation ana VISITING TN
cheek with the bloom Of health Alas! increase
of appetite has grown by what IS FED on the en-
ergies of the system are Frustrated, and the who'll
economy is deranged The beautiful and wonder
full period in which body asa Rain& undergo 50 rae
mating . change from child to woman. u iookee
for in vain; the parents heart Dleeds IN anxiety
and fancles the grave but waiting Tor us Tlc.lm.
HRLMBoLDs EXTRACT bucHu, ior "eaknes
arising from excesses or early indiscretion. OF
tended with the following symptoms: lna,spo
sltlon TO Exertion' Loss 81 rover, Loss .. Msm
DRY: Dimculty OF Dreaming, uenerM "eaxns's
Horror OF Disease. weak Nerves, iremon :,
Dreadful Horror OF Death, Night Sweats, Coit
Feet, wakefulness, Dlmneas Of sisioG, Langonr r
universal 1ass.uue VI me Museua: g s.s, ~
zen WIN pS ~ 81
ST. pa,I;a ronntonsnoa and Ernntions ON IN,
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

Pretty FAIR.-We understand the ladies of the
Methodist, Church, netted about $500 by their
festival and banquet on Thursday and Friday
last.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

BsrIs ExpxcponAxr.-Ap yompt, safe and very
pleasant sudorifc and expectorant, for the va
rious Affections of the Lungs and TAroat-as
Coughs, Colds, Asthmatic Tenderness, Mhpoplng
bronchial Affections Perfectly safe TO be admin
;stered to children. Price rs and so cents.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
Deaths.

On the 10Th ult., near Kansas, Edgar county.
Illinois, Mr.. ]. Y. Allison, formerly Of Augusta
county, in the 9th year Of his age,
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

s@-If your child is suffering with worms, give
and rcieye it. 1t is harmless, pleasant to eat,
a ;.i yoar child will cry for it. Will surely e1pel
I ysEMs Sold By p T. Trout staan'ea' We,
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01
THE PLACE TO BUY BARGAINS.

UvHE PLACE TO BUY BARGAINS.
u "Hirsh & Loebs Fancy Bazaar" is well
supplied with Pocket and Table Cutlery, Trunks,
valices. Table and Floor Oil-cloth, Soaps, Perfu-
merry, Pistols Of all makes, ald ammunition for the
same, Stationery, Looking glasses, Gents Furn-
ishing Goods, Hats, and in fact anything you can
call for. april 5000 1y
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

nueensWare, Glass and China Ware.-The
~ largest stock we have ever had. and at pri-
ces 20 per cent lower than for months past.
]. A. PIPER SON.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1869-07-01

Marriages, Carrfages.-Always On hand
~ Of my own make large assoSta1sht of
Grst-class Carriages which will be sold at reason
able rates, AL work sold warranted. Always
on hand secondhand Buggisa Roskaways, &C.,
SC. Repairing promptly as,se , 8 to. :
EoBf. II. GRAHAM,
Repository Ger. 9th sndD Streets. 80
Shop All, 9Th st, near D., Washington, p. g.
jane 3-691y - - =. - ss