New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-03-05
PROTECTION.
henry C. CAREY ON Mr.. WELLSS REPORT
LETTER ELEVENTH.

HENRY 4. CAllEl ON MN Villa - 49,
LETTER ELEVENTH.
DEAR SIR: All commodities tend TO go from
those places at which supply in excess OF demand auu
ioos are law IN those at which, demand being in excess
# snnnv prces are high. None tend TO leave these
after 10 90 toward the former So, too, is It with aDor
power all men desiring to place themselves "hcre co"
pensation Is high and none desiring to leave such p
o go TO those in which wages arc low. Such Deg 'no
sase we may perhaps, find IN an examination OF me w
Uirdfion question means for determining as 10 no" INC
condition OF miners mechanics aud wOrkngmeh genci
,,y had been affected by legislation whether II ""
improved under protection on one hand OF bII'i''
rade on the other In making this inquiry IL %
% observe that il is not until the third year i'
81 policy has been made that its elects ul""4" VI
ward begin 10 make themselves seriously "i"n,iV'' :"
reference to this important question: increase VI
ion of demand for labor going on gradually NJ nome io
.vear ar two still another being then required lor cn
,,,c tpovedce OF this change 10 make its way among
tbe moor and unnsructed classes OF Europe lfoi aHh
Choul We have TO look for supplies OF men,
The protective tariff Of 1929 had but fairly commence
70 do its work in 1884, ard it was not until 1902 a' m
ted themselves in the arrival OF $1,000 persons
~ more than thrice the average OF the decauo O"H
which the country just then had passed. !n'"0o
forth the figures slow almost regular lse' Dis o'"
is9 $4,000 1884 Geo. 1885, $4,000 1885, 62Oo 1871 'o
oO giving total Of $4,000 resulting from SIX years o'
,o,cction against 10000 for the ten British free'ue
and scnilotcctIye years by which that tarln hau poeh
preeedcd and an average annual increase OF nearly
1000
or all machinery The most valuable is that OF "ei
grown mau To produce such a machine Involves a"
average expenditure in food cothlhS' anu e"'i
Tor AZ NOT less than $1,000 When made, II Is
aoro,lo Of doullinc. trcblng, aud Quadruplng
usef NOT only IN numbers, but in men
tal mower becoming thus more and more valuable from
wear 70 YEAR whereas. machines Of wood or iron decay
become antquatcd, and gradually pass from use TIC
free gin by Europe annually, Of these 10000 human en-
piucs may therefore be regarded as having been OF
greater value to the country than would have been tha'
ct of machinery Of any other kind ana as
showing GAIN in tins direction alone, residing from
protection, Of <27GOC0OO
From and after 1887 the movement irregular, hut
the general result to aud iucludng 1884, showed am
mutton the average having been but 5000.
Why was thisl Simply because British free trade had
not only prevented increase Of mills furnaces, and other
indn.tral establishments but had To great an extent
closed those previously existing that our streets had be-
come filed with men who asked FOR aims because they
could not he allowed TO work; and because thousands
aud tens " thousands disappointed and disheartened
had returned to their carly homes prepared to teach
their countrymen that starvation there was preferable to
the starvation that here awaited them. one such man
snRccd TO stop the emigration Of extensive nelshOor-
hoods.
Counter news arriving in 1874 and men learning every
where how great under the protective system OF 1872 ad
here become demand for labor, and how liberal us rc
ward We find the arrivals running up from the $4,000
Of 1874 to lO2 IN 1915; $4,000 III 1876; 100000 in l7;
22eOOO in 1885, and $780, giving total Of lOlso0O
IA the FIVE years which followed the commencement OF
the movement against less than 100000 i'll the five
by which that movement had boon preceded-Giving q
gain under protection of than sGOOyOOOOOO.
Had the tariff Of 1893 been allowed to continue In ex
iscuce the tendency throughout succeeding twenty
years would certainly have been regularly upward
giving rs, at the close of that PERIOD at the Fmaes
" calculation immigration exceeding by millions tina
which actually ala take place. and all these peopl
would, from the moment OF their arrival, have bee
customers TO our farmers, making market for foO
thrice greater than that afforded by the whole Of Europe
Prosperity would then have reigned Throughout tho
Land and should have avoided the need for general
bankrupt law hand while on the other. shond
have escaped being compelled 10 send TO Europe COM
missoncrs instructed borrow. at almost any rate Of
interest money for the public use the sole remaining
means Of avoiding public bankruptcy on the other
Estimating at but $1,000 per head the invaluable
machinery Of production thus shut out by the Carolnian
tariff we have here loss that counts By thousands Of
millions to be added to those already exhibited ~ having
resulted from failure 10 appreciate fact that domestic
commerce constitutes the basis which foreign com
merce must rest, and that any attempt at huildng mp
this latter the ruins Of the former must end IN ruin.
The gain IN this direction under the tariff Of 1872 hav
ing been SO0OllOj) have that amount OF capital In
Of previous year, added to our resources that
caitl too multiplying itself so rapidly at the close
Of another decade have stood at twice the amount i'm
ported Parents and children demanding food while yet
producing none, the market is thus brought home 10 the
farmer enabling him and his TO treble in this protective
period their consumption Of cotton and Of iron, while
making such demand for tea sugar, coffee aud other
commodities greatly to augment the public revenue
O. California treasures being now brought 10 light and
gold becoming most abundant. the new FL Dorado at
tracts hosts Of foreigners until III 1854 We fud The imn
grafton have numbered more than 100000 Thenceforh
however, change is secn gold going by hundreds Of
millions pay for labor employed abroad, and Europe
aus absiaiuing from emigration to a country in which
ccasng 20 be opened furnaces ccasug TO b,
built to which iron by hundreds OF thousands Of tuus
being sent to be here exchanged for the precious
metals What was the double movement then performed
Is shown in the following figures:
Diminutop as rom