The Hawaiian gazette., 1869-04-07

dried Qoaf and lump is made; many Of our
I largest refineries are running on soft coffee
sugar, and but one refinery running exclu-
siYely on stove-dried. first product Sew
eral refneries use melasscs only, and dry by
4 centrifugals, producing the several grades of
soft coffee, or grocery sugars. The British
Journal Of The lSoeiety 81 dTts, of April oath,
1868. in an article on Beet Sugar, speaking
1 of the effect of adding refining processes, at
/ the locality where raws are made, says:
1.-THE foreigner, gradually adding refneries
| to his factories, and having the raw material
I direct from mother Earth, without any inter
mediate profit to pay for, has undersold us
in our own markets. As a consequence of
/ this and other causes, many of our capitalists,
who had embarked their property in refine
/ ries, have been obliged to close their works,
and large numbers of work-people have been
| turned adrift to swell the tide of pauperism
I at the east end of London. Within the last
/ three weeks, some of the largest refineries
/ in London. costing for their erection little
/ less than 5O,0OO have been put up at auc-
I ton, pulled to pieces, and their contents
sold for the price of old metal. During the
/ past year, eight Others shared the same fate,
/ and many others will shortly follow"
/ The Colonial plantations have not intro
/ dueed the full refining processes, and, there
| fore, do not produce loaf and lump hard
sugar from the cane-juice, and only partially
compete with home reineries. The L. S.
Refiners allude "to the rapidly increasing
/ importation of fine, clarified article from
/ the West Indies, the receipts, so far, being
chiefly from Demerara, produced on the
/ plantations by comparatively new French
1 process, geyy chedply, and which enters into
] direct and successful competition with our
refined grades" The French process spoken
of is the Relieux train-a series of four
vacuum-pans, the exhaust steam of one heat
\ ing the others, and so arranged that the whole
| process, from mill to cooler, requires no fuel
/ besides the trash. Mr.. Burtol, OF Philadel
phia, well acquainted with this subject, in
/ forms me that these trains have been in op-
/ Grafton in Cuba, on some plantations. for ten
/ years past, without using any other fuel than
! the trash The "plant," however, is a costly
/ one-S75, ,000-but can be adapted TO sugar
houses already supplied with mills and steam
/ boilers, and thus be arranged at less figure
| than commencing de aOUO On another point,
| not perhaps relevant just here b Uniformed
me that the Cuban planters are adopting the
| plan of working, during the boiling season,
| sixteen hours to the day, instead of twenty
! four, as formerly, the former being now
| believed to be the most profitable method.
Competition in the market for grocery
/ sugars is growing up between the American
/ and English refiners and the sugar growers
I of the West Indies, Mauritius and elsewhere.
I IL Has diItuuN Dttl llt CdsC lOI SblllC NtdTS
| past with onr island planters and the Coast
| refiners In the United States, us in England
/ the refiners look TO notifications of the
! Tariff as the remedy Your readers are
/ aware, perhaps, that a memorial has been
presented to Congress, praying for a re-
\ classification of sugars, so that instead OF the
/ the present duties, "On all refined sugars,
/ and on all clarified and moist refined sugars
! ichich hare, IN process Of manufacture, been
II
| gal machine, or 6y a centrifugal process, or I'LL
/ tered through animal or bone black or It's eqUiV-
dlent there shall be levied, collected and
paid
"On all above No. l2 and not above No.
\ Is, Dutch standard in color, four cents per
! pound.
"On all above No. Is and not over No. 90
| four and half cents per pound.
'On all above No. 20, five cents erpound." :"
The petition is signed by Al sugar refining
1 companies, who state that without the fur
ther protection prayed for, they will be
unable to keep up their works. Their argu-
ments have been met and replied to by a
/ counter memorial of the importers, traders,
merchants and dealers in sugar.
There will be noiactiOn for revision of the
| Tariff by the present COngaess, but at the
/ session that will be convened March 4th, il
will come up for consideration. The present
| Tariff places a specific duty on sugar, depend
/ ing upon the color as the most convenient
| exponent of its quality, excellence and value.
/ There is no distinction of raw and refined.
| The refiners claim that refined sugars of low
grade are admitted, TO the injury of their
/ business; while the dealers claim that these
are not refined sugars, but higher grade of
raws.
The argument of the refners is that the
average of refining grades of muscovado or
raw sugars is composed of-cane, or crystal
! lizabe sugar, 50 per cent; uncrystalliZable
sugar, or molasses, Is per cent, and of i'm
purities, (as gum, dirt, &C. per cent. !;
that sugar refining is simply the art of sep
arating these constituent parts, depriving the
sugar of color, and producing more perfect
crystallization. The means to effect this are
carbon filters, to purify; vacuum-pans, to
crystallize; and centrifugal machines, or
molds, to purge or wash. The result OBJ
tanned by the retner, from the abovesmusco-
vado is, of B. and c. yellow refined, n per
cent. molasses, 10 per cent waste, per
cent The sugar used is that paying 8 and
So cents dnty; for that the color OF sugar
being no exact measure of the purity, condi-
ton, or saccharine value of the article, the
Tefiner is obliged to use as raws, sugars that
can be sold as grocery grades, and hence is
at disadvantage; that the real discrimina-
ton of the Tariff is in favor OF the planter.
The following example is stated in their
memorial: THE foreign planter, taking ad-
vantage of the classification of color which
is in no way dependent on the purity, eondi-
ton and saccharine value of the sugar, has
introduced on the plantation the machinery
and processes common to rJtners, and separat-
ing the molasses and waste from his raw
sugar, is now exporting large quantities of
yellow refined sugars largely increased in
value, but subject to the same rates of duty
as raw sugar not thus advanced, whilst the
separated molasses is subject to 5sc. z b.
duty, and the Z per cent. waste pays nothing.
The advantage of the foreign refiner over
the American is as follows:
The American refner pays on each 100 lbs
of sugar, at &c ................. ..--... - 90
The foreign refner (planter) by sep
arating his 100 lbs. Of raw sugar,
and exporting the constituent
parts, pays in duties: