New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-12-25

seen movements by ciliary action anu a,sJ bdy was in
onx tns IN effort Now we are TO consider animals In
which the locomotive organs oecT JanY asSeS
boav provided eIsrSnay with hands composed Of
many vibrating paddles, In their mo's h 20 potate
oT SoVe in straight line Among the star fishes we
nnd channels tho under side OF the animal So
~ ing like 30 many little writing worms pr 600 oo ~
@h has Are fro% Poe SS Il IKE legs
and drag the body sowly along -,
The enttle fish asohas arms furnished E% ~ IA
VII ~ SsSs SsS '1s .S S as ~
they can find points Of support in their
UT The HYDRA moves e.
!: {; ;;:;; So: 1;
merous appendag,s
that aid them in swimming. a., ,,.,.rce n IA
Among the crustcea, the loDster IoI i1ar,ned nv
very Instructive to Examine the functions perIoro1
appendages strangely adapted to perform VariouS i
lions, tor oxomnIe the
body is composed OF a series OF rings, with appohe
quite identical In sape and size In lts grOw s sbied
while in tIe hinder portion Of the body the rings remain
separated so as tOgive full play 70 Jus IN the
Wafer Beneath ns portion found little appenussges
that attened and form natatory Orga 10y Nth bairs
and to these the egrs adhere when discharged by to
parent The smd claws onted and are Oi S Claws
having but one pojectng point. while the two forward
pair of small claws have little pinceer O Op
new feature aided to the claw simply an excess 10
the growth OF Iortlon OF IT, by when an
ia made The larae claws only greater deVelopmes
NJ a similar apHndage. Even the numerous ORGANS
around the mouti tho feeerS ana eyes, afo Ou'
feet. ..
In insects we hive for first time animals that sup
port themselves W wings, those having Droau "ins' INV
the butterfly mOing slowly. while the pee WIN 9'a
wings moving item with Incredible velocity. Tme wiz
again compel meto neglect the special features ~ "
roup. We at last come i 70 tne A
NzC->7cz vertebrates, as the hlgness /
SNg.~1L ranch and here the locomo' y
i've organs are reduced 10 TWO IN
- ,ars In the lowest class, inc \N,l
fishes these ap)endages are rep 1 n i,iIs ~
the pectoral AID yenrS az ,h: AMI ANNA This is
accomplished ly the broad fin on the tali -
which is rapidly moved from SIDE TO sue, as man
sEnng moves Sis oar. In the flying fish, the fins that
renrcnt the iGe legs greatly enlarged, and enable
the fish to take nt IN e a ;n we egl bn Wh
they creep oye the mud In the hounder curious ,
modification taxes place IN the neag Dy srGn len nn6r dnS
aide and the eyes which were upon either size OF me OOy
In the young safe are pU the n nv absorpt6n
OF the bones Units way and comes ont Oy the side OF te
other eye. Aswe ascend IN tae scare UI more
terrestrial existence and ultimately the tail Is dispensed
with as an organ OF lOcomoton and the legs now perform
that Junction ..
Among the nammalla however, the whales, as lowest
use their tail AZ locomotive organ sthe hind limbs are
not and the fore limbs are mere paddles Az
the commencement the lecture We referred to another
princple OF classification to illustrate, and this
ia the prnciph OF Capitalization, first enuDciated by an
Amer,cau nauralis Prof J. ID. Dana OF Yale College.
As Prof Danasays the Importance OF hehl 10 an hhl'
NAL all understand ana IL makes All the ulHereh0e DC
tween the tycal aud the typical plant An animal may
be called Dreandaft structure. whlle inc pant ~ al
upaud.duwn structure. The animal has more or Iess
viii emanatltg from the head producing voluntary mo-
ton and an animal Is typicaly a fOrwardinoNngo OF
AZ the head Is the seal OF power animal We
and more oress subseryency OF the organs OF the Ooy
IN Tho uscs of the head determine on It's relative
rade THE lecturer then illustrated its application 10
the lower abimalsl Considering the Tour gi9ups Oh
| mammnia the whales seen Win aDOrtlNe ocomo.
rive organs The herbyorous ANIMALS MS the cow ana
horse performed only one function with .heif limbs SIM
NV Io,amoou and the head degraded from It's nor
MI nae to oeuse and defense being In some cases, FUR
nished with horns In the carnlyora tue lhps hoI oy
he'd il degraded by carrying s yOupg and Its food
Among the monkeys the fore hmOs NOT Only serve as
organs but organs OF prehensiOn and con
yey also food to the mouth aud hold the young TO tho
breast In the fore limbs are taken iIon he 1000
alone SO we find that the number OF pairs OF legs
seen IN the animals below man that IA the lower cfusta
ceaus there are seven pair of legs aud Tour PAR OF mouth
organs In the higher there are ve pairs OF
legs and iii pair VI mouth organs 20 hat ihe mean ma
gained pairs In the lower insects ohy -FOUR par VI
g n the higher insects only three pairs Of legs aud ~
oil mammalia excepting NAM only W. pair % , mo
man with pair stands equally nlstnct' 80 tat WE
have the figures 7. >, 4. >, g. and l. as maioatinR
| tie orders above mentioned. III tto Po'it'o"
| nature the lowest are head down,
| ward like the Jelly fishes and
| star fishes. A line at an angie
| OF as would illustrate the position Imam.
| of the molusks, while "A horizon - vertebra tes
TAI line will represent the artlcu- artlculates
| intes As We notice the head Is moIlusks.
| gradually elevated in vertebrafes, 4, radates.
| a line slightly elevated would II
| indicate their position, and IN man
| the vertical position "a Indicated
| by vertical line. tSee diagramJ !
The lecturer closed by quoting from Agassz: MAN Is
the crownng work OF God earth but though so highly
endowed we must not forget that the LOFTY chi
dren OF race whose lowest forms lie PROSTATE within
the water having no higher aspiration than desire Tor
nd Ia degradation