, 1869-11-07
THE EARTES INTERNAL HEAT
Its CAUSE.

ztri:t'rd, A7d tne pncnooehon undoubtedly owes
IL existence to an etctens cause, which eau also
l;paauhscdly he traced out, II We understand
enough OF the lATs Of nature to bc able 70 fellow
1se.1 hidden workings. Tho Laplxee theory o!
<srAtiuu fut nshes, lnleed, some clue TO the how.
Lar not 10 the WHY and Ktves guarantee Of Der
jxE1ity. We venture tna assrftlou tha. both can
Il found-the latter In the foruef-the arss IN the
r,$s1rtiue to The attraction u vntch
r;ns perpetual. mnst ensure the lAst
The researches Of modern ph9uds.s hare
ss,'Srrd II hryocd r Iosht tbs: light sui heat are
tnrondesasle-gorcrs, not Suhstsnces-cendiuole
u matter only. The constitution Of matter Is
tate 0. division into minute stoms, which are
aKn Together b tue force Of attraction [grasits-
i.ua, or suhrslon) and prevented from actually
t'ahesinr in \ state Of rest, is rrpulsirr force
;arsN. Tac condition OF ma;e1tal existence IL
:.n::on. and every tsla.s Of fua'trr though inert
,lat ui.a1ird Senses Ia found to be 10 state OF
perpetual atoM!c motion. lis constituent particles
slb'a,hg arone each other With Al intensity
4hlcs eAac.sy proportional 10 the degree OF
.ts: rstrrsentca by The SUN u[ tar two Iu uantttcs
- stus:.ss' anu lutFnt hts.-
Asv2c1s. ts~ several ways Ia which nc arc able to
.rr'Ler au fhct1'asc VI I. nperA.rse. They alJ
-s;11t IL The uar CONCLUSION.
McChaural' condensation. A piece Of soft trnu
:~, ,+ u,a'r hot by conuouols pest,ng, winch
,on pact. tA constituent particles more ciosely
;.ettcE. nj the same time taaI 1t lmpa1ts yibta-
sprr motion 10 tue nzsA Ta1s mstnod OF pro
:uctEg heat Is. however. more easily Illuslratc.l
tFencsos1nR rRpof or gas IN a vessel, anA CON-
1wstTE 1t into Iess space. which Will be always
accompanied sy an increase of Temperature. Tue
enbp9c Of vspor into the ,squi't a,ssc BY condca-
-stlon il uniformly uaftea bJ a. augmentation Of
-rnA,slc heat
Fr1c,.on. TIE rubbing OF two suostsuces
leu:us earh ointf causes An elevation OF ieca-
.4.tnsurc.
Chemical action We bring TWO substances into
cu:lsct nntch bA7a certain chemical afIluttles a.
heated carbon, or hydH'grn and oxygen; or cola
s.he1rnorus, or potassium and oxygcn. Ths a.Utny
II which these substances are co nl'osed rash into
.-nr1act wiki each other md form new compnurds.
t;toeIs.ly these newly fetued s1hstnness occupy
-. rooN than the elencnsA-as casl,otlc acid ga
sd wxtes-lu which csac We have condensation:
u, The movement OF The particles OF nAlte1 10
nc r1trasy cause OF the sensation OF hea. which
:, EIviirc1 In combustion
pyiltur.:an nun raaixtlou. We bring cool lbn't
.c:., tie uctShburhood OF oue which h relatively
44.Der, 2ud heat ts said TO now ftoEn the kecnnd
tie ars,. Properly speaking. The asonalr vibra-
.',2s u the watme-t msts act on those OF the
.,-,:est to produce An equality OF Vibration be.
,steu then, and make them vibrntc In unH on as
.xot1 nore CLOCKS, piaccd On Il shelf. Will 1rat1.
IL, traca unison IN tic4ioK. though the pendu.
:.n.. w,re at dr1t swinging Independently, We
s,,c here Iustnnct- Of that wonderful sympathy
,sMh ruas 70 IranIls through all nature. " v,r-
- ~ ..arr ,nn,ertal substa,.a ..a,n, :,
,-,,1,. . r,-,,cttnn ot everv o,ner srs.,,,,.
.ua n.a.r. equality With It's u*n condition
ta,e:rase or tenpefsture may be produced by
;.lc npn.rIte rrotesA-ty increasing the volume Of
.t.Aly. or hy reducing It's atomic ylbrAtlons IN
,.rtctug It INTO rt!a1Inn with q cooler mass.
In c3ch caxc II ur7rats thai tnr change IN The
,'.. s.,r-a -, n,t,r5,, ,n,.. :, -,,oo,
''' ...,.o. -, ~ ,n.,.n! T., ,n.
49, ,,,ss 49,. .to-,. =, ,,,..,.- tr,nJ,,,, ~
49, - 49,. ,,,x ~ a,-nn ~. ss 70 49,
F-1' '." .n" 49, ,,,.s., -, - y,
t'eAt"' "Na'.s a -. =. .. 49, ~
""'enea' " ~ . $500 y. ~
'e1t ~" .A.s ~ 49,. .,,, -. .''s
- a.teaen ~ -. - .,Ia oa..,',.s.s NV
'.@aie l.t.. ~ ~ ~ =. -
' s.e" ~ r., - =. .,7 :
t" k'fs'e' Atq9sae''o W 'N' o.' ~, - eNs -
.''1ufsA'e1t ~ ~ 1ei1a.e - tcu. ataiS' A4ae|
ral|s II u hol ls'"='"le !ot Us ~ tnune@ oae o.
thtec cdaEH "i'a"as lhe o'Aes; nat eAhrf MAJ
X 1he bfst caohe* Az 'ncfeAe ~ NHFa'o1y no
i'm AHa58 prpdaera c'afce IN ehlume' and
change In volume ls tectssaE1l5 !o'o~ed 81
VARIATION IN tue s"fa''Es ao'so1 a."
haEgf 10 Tue Temperature OF tue nahs~
We nay Eote ltc"eu'a"s .1As tne ''osAsor
'hrofy ri neat ~ tne onlS one iuas WIZ c.ao'e u
% ubasta'se. Tue Ne.'.Ano"n ~, ma'aa eoasest'
Lilly OF hea' Ill" u'''s"o. Reeaa u e1Ftsancu&
.yrnyt'rsstA prove that the fu:et regartA 10 II!
Juc toaId ~ height OF az Icet Is t4ua 10 ta
PRODUCTION Ct uur drEfsr VI heat IN pound o
Eater. II practice ws can nalT r.afse o.c roun
welgnt tn height d! af J inu feet By m sncseas
II ene GcKrrs: In The temperature OF Che p0uai Q
saler, tecause = large proportion Of the force
obesl up ID friction, And lost BY RADIATION lin
Whatever may bc the ratio, re can produce motto
~ tar expenditure Of hc1t, mud c2n excite hsat b
H1A Ia usu2lt e2llca mo''on- ~ consequence 9
be f1bsalot5 toeolf ls the conclusion that tn
'Ensefneht Shlcn We call tnot!on = motion OF a
saufe haff, "hale neat IL the .ztcsmoVement 6
rs compliment afom2. These two Elnds OF motion
'hcn, arc Complementary. and each ii capable c
it0dtciug the other, ds>appea.leg Itself N .h
r1ac1 ratio OF pr.Htacsou. M ina, the psuduct t
Tie t*o AtLt Of u.psun IN existence Ia 4 conatar
!u1Crty-
IL would pr,.stly ,sa mon. nhtIosoph!c,t I
-twak oE a variation in the dls:apce, OF atom
.n1n Of their nctua! coutac'. II seems prouan.
hat matter ID 70 u:ed as that no two atsu,
at possibly touch esch otner, unless under III
"Tee oi cold OF which VIC have no knowledge
icfaats CAL Aase Ho cDncepuon-
We bnve = very Eoh, and refy familiar, IL
-tsnCt III The character Ct thermal chan r., IN th
tHtc Ut wfte and ttehp- Woen at the me.rt
IotL1. wlttr "co1tatns ~ lie degrees Of hent,
~kich T. 'ftg1cts alr sensible, and uarkc On II
t'aL5. tr.t ecaIp: the Tr.t Il lAtrnt- II We tut.
na1et I" the boiling point uader ordinary atmn
''hef1c rsr-eutr. nc elevate The Temperature l.
e-fs*ee mofe, 70 11s ocIfeca OF the scale, but
~ deefsts . nesaaas' u We Keep III inc acroa1t II
'+u"eR1efs" 'a'eo' HEAL !'iNt up IN tae rsoce
9 hQutlae.i'o is s'ta We a." F''ut We nave
'Aanipe u WHICH, n'oteH' ~ ~" ~ heat7 Ut
z eAa' A"ts E..A -, 'as o"'A W Il
y Nh'.. "a' 80 -. 80 ". ras ~