, 1869-12-22


ciEcrn11Atcta nr present increase the coat and |
requirements of capital, and also tend to coovest
ket,ve INTO uxed capital u Afforded BY the follow
the Commaa1oner, Ia Z block Of atores now
erecting IN one Of the ieadicg seaooaft cities the
uT AZ $50 IL Of Il sas e esee1
disute eho IS mat One-fhurth OF H. E,s3,, repre-.
sens simply depreciation Of the currency; orc
third Of Tie remaining cot, or $3.50, represents
The 6uiAes inpos Cd ah it, import; leAFlng 8A $40
~ tie foreign coat Of the Ga'erta', pms tue ex-
.entss ot pos 4 Mt
this article 70 NEE: tho nccesatea Of the Royern-
nentr II urquesuonah,Y remains TINE that the
hundred per cent, will remain, 40 long Is tucse
stores stand, . tax On all the tudattfJ 10 which
they ere made aaoservtent, and nlso Indirectly
Inpply Of capital araiiaois IN The county. and
hence tEcre1a1nR il coet.
ABuk AND CAr1TAL-
We conc next to tho consideration Of the 1oea-
ton whether the lnd1ence Of exiting laws tends
10 proEote tueh dlsirlbutl6n Of IN annual PRO.
interests Of the whole people: bat before eutieav
orig 70 opplJ TO thu subject nuytat5g IN the M
eisa6e to review briefly the theory AID practice OF
q terresl1.a! exietence; b.. It Is NOT necessary,
oelrg 70 tne bounty o. nature, that all who con
snme should rafe upon themselves the Auof OF
should EXIST Hna.nisy, sne1eto:e. % from ihe nfss M
has spontaneously divided Into lxo eilsSes, whom
We may designate II "producera aud " "noa.plo-
oi Ill thope who arc in tie receipt 0, aoy form
OF income from capital or wages, the original
psooucers include the larger number aad the
slower Lrthds; tee Cop-pfoducers the smslier
nuEher nrd The more active nlnda
The proper oetd Of labor for the so.casled no1-
lion; ,neir labor s 10 fact tne complement OF the
labor of prnducuon. exchange OF ptoincEs being
necessary 10 tGe Iul trulu0u OF prUdncttr6 ltooft
hpnHNrtA1 HFDt1ufNYE
Up 10 this point there ts unity Of interest IN the
aoor Of the Two classes, but here thtlf interests
The gaina Of the prod1cers art derived directly
tron their own labor; but the gains OF The non
nrodpcerr, It Is to he noted. are derived tson the
lssor OF the producers ulso. Tac producers cre-
ate The prppe ny, and the non- producers COMO it
to share It. Que class naturally strives 10 keep
snd The o!her 10 ret, as much OF the results Of
original pro iIcton MS I. can; and, In this atruG.
PIE, the r ore active mlDda get the better Of INA
uole sluggish, aad The few gtow r7ch, white the
in lit trst stage Of SOCIETY, property can hardly
te sa!n 10 exist OF rxiAs IN cninuon. 10 the sec-
is 10 great e1seht taDtfeued by foree, and laws
arc Gevlsed 10 streItss force and CHECK robbery.
In the thr1 etage violence being checked. theft AMI
isos bers aud piundss VI ufst were nore honorable
than labor: they were the chief Kottes OF tho an
cSns 1saoea ~n1% ~ We seg, axs tas9t 70 o
c1thF perceptions OF the principles OF morality.
| THEFT ard rra0d IN tuin became mole honorable
We now come to the fourth stses OF soc:-
ety. Hhtre The gTosser methods. u transfer
r,h4 property din ln,sn. and cunning co1es 10
@e sow oeeapy nays me ssSs
iaythe,. snd have ret no laws 10 prevent ransle1s
M, f: ods nded Geein e be opoosed BY pubic opn
ton, but that tribunal a.!ll appanis as uttca as II
ctncemns: Just a. formerlyit sanctioned of;encl
| lhAn It celsured violence.
| There II, bo1eyer, somc progress: aud at this
stage let It be observed, the labor Of thu non.pTo
,lusrrs becomes The complement OF the labor ul
adding 10 tho valnc Of tneir produces and tenent
ting 10th CONSUMER and producer BY lIpruyeI
ncthods OF transport ard conversion, ana BY ln01t
! inst and reasonable methods Of exchnnge ane
transfer. The unrtoducllyeS ara Sill a1l!ua:ed b5
tncit ancient sptrlt. aud being TIE chef makers o
ana t pcfsase n Ct psoScfs ap
the e1cnalE Ee and transfer oi prupcrtt, they shaps
all their devices 80 cutnlngly, and wo1k them SC
grow r1ch ia stes than the producers Whoever a
Tits day watches the subject and course Of lcg,sla
tiou. AID appreciates tue sp:s.l Of the lawa,canuo
tho - uautfer '" Of tho surplus product OF society
AID the ation Of facilities for II, available to the
has come 10 rsrvade fne whole iaSr.c Of S1s5
which We call government. nnd how large nun
ber cl the mot progressive minds OF the nauor
sa ss tss e ~
.! tie many Is 10 commence By taking care OF The
few:shat all which Il necessary 10 SECURE the &c
rate Of prohs for bis employer. Toe aEitatloI
which cow pefvades all civilized Countries ito7rth
stage touching The te'a'ions OF labor aid capita
Is Int The lnstinc.ve upFtsiDE Of the great produc
tive classes against the !ns1itatons methods, and
devices Ct the non.rroduciireA In ehori, the an
cent conlcat, old as the dawn or civilization, SIN
gees on; aniinaten on the one side by the ues!rs
producers comhinlpr ra,hcf tl:Ld!s ana ciu,ns,lJ
aEalntt the tchemes OF tGe unrroducttses, ss AbeJ
comeiIed at successive stages in all past h!s.osJ
agnlnsi y!oIerce, r0hOefy. piHnder, theft, fEaut,
d. tte 2Eosser nets hereby property Vas trans
ferrcd teou, the hands Of the MANI into those o.
the Iew.
! PRACTICAL l1LCsIRArloSs
Let us row see bow far experience, 10 the fora
OF positive Iacts furnishes supnort to The general
statements above presented; lor there can be nc
k1M theoretlc conclusions which utll not be
proved ~ The facts whcneser the theory can bt
Subjected 70 practical and actnal aopieattoa.
tions .n.o the industrial and sos'al con.
S''n sna. 81 me ia ss taea h States
toxard an ,ucQuitsole distribution Of the annual
surplus Of production over expenditure, ard &c
property aEu better ther condition These con-
clus.oEs were supported by large amount Of ev1.
contributed u great part at the cost OF no iistle
time and srouulr, BY extensive employers OF laool
occupying sltuation& which HnOrted especial nd.
raItaRes for ellctinR and determining tho truth.
The results arrtvcl at, although often questioned
ana denied on the floor Of Congress and elsewhere,
responding iea1tilpa evideuce; but Oh The con,
tIary have been stfeDgtheutd In The tic1e which
testimony. Some Of tue difficulties which may
seem 10 slapd in the way OF toe acceptance Of The
assertion heretofore made. AID which the conmts
1he poor OF the UEfeA Sth:es uutIrr and N conse.
qrebce Of the existing 81 stem OF taxation a1d cur
| TtLcs CoudN.ou contLed, tend 10 grow Poorer,
nay possibly be cl.azsa away by rememb.rna
lhnt the poor CT lnts country are not, a-d nevel
have been, the FAME, as class IS the psor ol
Great Britain and Gontioeutal Europe. Here
pAresty, as q general thing, means depriyattcn
| ol con forts AID Injuries; there, on sne otaes
hand, Poverty reaches \ loEeF depth and implies
.ae a.prsss'on o. peGs:sac, s1a ne pa:s.,t,
zee ULitcd States under the existing eystem tent
, to E1ow poorer, 10 tts Whleat ttGn1satiOn, mean
III i: that the great majority OF professional nen
Of clerks, shopEcn. A.d accountants, Of whoI'
tasses u mechanics who:c products, tie result:
Of constant employ meLt, would naturally tend st
TX IN c1cess Of ccnsump Ion, limited oy legs q
1!or, 10 an ercus:vety domestic market, and eTel
there resF'cted ny Price, such as saoeuasers, tau
oTs. ha'tera, ald miuers and al the psese,l nlc
| raper.traker., snd wool ara cotton 62iLH LHe1s 80
1ores, In snoe-hinJ,ng and stitching, and u osGi
u7st'lled lsyoI In ss Fntest tovns ts seis-n meal
! | that all OF tEcse, who constitute large proper
ton OF the population, md their expenses 10
frnt, tucl food, and clothing. maintaining Svea.
er ratlo their sece,rts than formerly As a. 10
!
: fort d1uithetd. APpearances however. ar
! malnsa.re1; hence the illns,on OF apparently uE
the copcl1 stoIs heiore arrived at il pay aay re
: gard TO thu weigh; uf evidence. " thts evdeac
I few examples may he clled.
lE Massachusetts, Is VIC have already shown
!, | nike nure pp:ss we're crowded into every hlndrc
| houses III lsts 1han was she casc IN 1Sii.
: Ttoae conversAnt with the manufacture nj cot
? - Pc. saiis. aad eEen "a sse ' ssslsse At At
.sS q hs.s
, southern 1ort!ou OF the country, that their cor
sunp1ton eu1tEg the past year has nSticcsoly d
In tbe fseqcert n1c.ual,ona IN the p.tcea Of CO.
. Ion cloth witch hare taken place a,nce sae Feru
: nation q the war, It Is seen that the moneu
price fails btIoE certain potnt, copsnn pttun et
infcts TO such extent as 10 Immediately 1eler
lie altet of all surplus: thus proytcg fnst mil
Ions q our peopis 'or ne grss:er portion Of Il
, use OF what ia The cheapest and most lnGl.penrs
ele vi 81. fahllcs. And the ZANE Is tue nlso,
: | Glen goods, toots anu ohoss, coal AMI !uuoe1
: II the e1sst:rE HacntreEJ Of production Is worAe
to It's nost n1ortao.e MAXIMUM, tue community
~ pFescct prices. canuot use the psoduc:. 70 tns
: cobAur ptlcu within -lUtiA M1st uudes:fao!e, {
= else 10 break aown the uaEke1 u. snort interval
i. th'ouPh An excess Of PRODUCTS whicn cannot 4
! disposed Ct except at a sacrifice, which Involve
: teteEe, an,i otteE permanent, 1ntary ta capita
= from Nhiee. hy lss necetsszJ relations. labor
TEE Ac&wfrs to a large number OF c!rcn'a 'ars ser
cut ~ TIE C0EMlsetoEer during tie past yes-
Clergy mc5. te.chers, and ether professional me,
leap< 10 lhe cDEcuAi5n that, while thelt Ba!aylt
: u incomes rsse. A. ger erM rue, beeo advance
: htIce 1861, the navance has not been eg1sl hy AZ
Re e1eT 70 ses II re
: ctus!1c a. regards :n1s large and Important c.tl
! Of tGr popula:io1, iaat The coEfors and lnxa1it
!! !! | oi livelihood have sertouely diminished.
Again, the returns Of savlrgs hares are olte
!stsHea M m 70 A. .ho.ins a:sn!, p1ospsfoas cead
e Ar = FRrT sf&fO Al