New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-11-13
Germany, includ'g

Frederick Kapp one Of our States Commissioners
of Emigration in paper recently read ty him be-
fore the Social Science Association sums up the in-
fuence of political and commercial commissions and
of good or bad haryests, upon the volume Of Euro
pean migration htherward, as follows:
1.-THE difficulty experienced in disposing Of prop
erty at satisfactory prices prevented many from
leaving the Old World Immediately after the close OF
the Napoeonic But the great famine OF lol6-lI
drove several thousands over the ocean. Here lt
may be stated that, from that time forward, the
moral and material causes of immigration, above
alluded To, regularly governed the numerical proper
tons of the influx of Europeans into the United
States in successive years. To prove the contrOng
influence exercised over Immigration by material
misery on the one hand and political oppression, on
the other, a few statistical data will suffice.
while in 1926, of IS S37 immigrants, 100 came
from the British Isles in 1927 their number increased
to II q52 of Is S75 aud in 1923 TO 1880 of total OF
"a 2: but in 1929 their number fell to 1854 of 253O.
and in 1880 to 1874 of 1882 souls These fluctuations
were due 10 the great commercial panic of 1926 and
the distress in the manufacturing districts OF
England. well as the famine IN Ireland, when
drove thousands from their homes who under or
binary circumstances would never have thought OF
emigration.
tionary movement OF lSS0-lSS3, the brutal potlca!
prosecutions of the several State Governments, and
the reactionary policy OF the Federal Diet a. wen as
usually large emigration In 1881, only 25O Gefmane
had arrived in the United States; IN 1892, lOl6S; in
1888 6S23 and in 1884 10 1897, the years of the
% 0S5 respectively.
THE emigration from Ireland which from 1877
rose much beyond its former proportions reached It's
eliminating point after the great famine OF 1916.
During the decade of 1915 to 1854 inclusive, IN which
period the highest figures ever known In the history
of emigration TO the United States were reached,
15l2l0O Irish left the United Kingdom. In the first
half of that decade wiz from Jan. /. 1885, TO Dec.
81 1S49 COZ 4l went to the United States, and in tho
last half viz. from Jan. l. 1850 TO Dec 81. 1854 as
many rs 904,Sj9 arrived in this country With this
nnprecedentedly large emigration. Ireland had ex.-
hasted herself Since 1850, her quota has fallen on
to less than onehaf of the average OF the proceed
Almost coincident. in point of time with this
mighty exodus from Ireland was tho colossal emil
grafton from Germany which followed the failure OK
the political revolutions attempted IN 1919 ana 1911
Already III 1915 and the following years the German
contingent of emigrants 10 the United States showed
an average twice as large as IN the same space or
time preyious,to the year named. But voluntary
cXpatriaton on n much larger scale resulted iiOm
the final triumph of political reaction. l he coup
d6tat of Louis Napoleon closed for all Europe The
revolutionary era opened IN lS4S. In the three
years preceding that event. the issue OF the struggle
of the people against political oppression
had remained doubtful. But the ID Of Decem-
ber $751; having decided the success OF tho
opprcssOIs for long time To come. the majority Of
those who felt dissatisfied with the rilctionary
regime left their homes. The fact that the largest
number OF Germans ever landed IN one year IN tho
United States came in 1854 showed the complete
darkening of the political horizon at that time.
The apprehension of new Continental war, when
actually broke out year later IN inc Crmea, al:O
fastened the steps OF those who sought Efinge IN
this country People of the wellto-do classes, who
had months and years TO wait before they could sell
their property helped to swell the tide To its extra
ordinary proportions From Jan. /, lS45 TIL Dec. 81,
1851, there arrived 2263H} Germans IN the Unittd
States 4529i3 of whom ~ the first five years OF
this period, and 773, 40 in the last hye.
" But the numerical strength OF immigration ia
this country is not governed solely 10y the mani
festatiOn in Europe of material and moral disturb:
ances. While bad crops, commercial and industrial
crises and untavOrable turns IN political Affairs IN
the Old World tend 10 increase lgratlOn, the ar
peaTance of the same phenOmenaln the United Stat
certainly tends TO decrease IL. Tins, in 1888 Il q
total of immigration decreased TO SS9l4 while in
the previous year il had amounted 10 79,340, and in
1889 and 1910 II increased again 20 6SO69 and o4E6
respectively. The reason of this extraordinary de-
crease was the great financial Cisls OF 1897, which
shook the foundations OF the whole industrial and
life of tho United states. Again tho
Influx VI aliens Into Mem lcIA Was smaller IA La