The New York herald., 1869-01-03


pire--Socie.ies Of Mutual Aid-savings Banks
for old Pcople.-Scntimenfs of the Working
CIasses--The Kingdom Of Itaiy-Policy of
Noa-interventi0R--iIcrea OF the Army.
PARIS Dec. Q, 1865.
Although il may be said that institutions OF learn
Ing throughout France are not so plentiful as they
might be, yet it is substantial and commendable
fact that the French peasantry are no longer so
ignorant rs they were only few years back. Free
schools as in the United States do not exist; but
the government has been at great pains to promote
education among the ignorant classes by the estab-
lishment OF courses OF studies (coursl for adults.
where all who are destitute OF lacking in instruc-
tions may be edncated at government expense.
They have been In operation for two years. Besides the
public universities, colleges, cses which are under
the direct control and operation of the Ministry Of
Public Instruction. and a vast number OF private
schools there are village schools In each commune
OF the various departments where the young receive
an almost gratuous education at the hands OF pro-
lessons regularly appointed from the higher ecoles
no7niateS. Zee OF only one franc and fifty Gen.
times per month is required for each student ana
when the parent is unable by stress OF circumstances
to comply with the terms the fee is overlooked. The
government furnishes to every professor In these
village schools a minimum of compensation, which
may permit him to enjoy decent living. The clergy
also have been employed to impart education and,
although they have at the same time striven to In
cuicate in the minds OF theyoung doctrines In their
own peculiar sense and interests they have contri-
Duted largely to promote instruction. Moreover. In
every village there gratutous schools for the
poor, presided over by the priests and the J,eres
ctrettenS, which have effected an immense amount
OF good. 1t is very true that general education is
still in very backward state in the empire COM
pared wita the rapid strides 1t has made
in other countries, in the United
States, England and Germany: but this is
attributable TO otner causes than simple omissions
on the part OF the imperial government. French
observers themselves admit that their countrymen
are more given to pleasure th an the inhabitants
OF other countries. or course, as consequence,
the young partake also OF the same disposition.
Wncn the youthful scholar goes home from his stu
dies 1t l. rare that he finds stimulant in the nqui.
ries addressed him as TO what he may be learning
o. how he may be progressing. His first lesson.
indeed his first idea, is to amuse himself and in this
juvenile disposition he Is never 50 ruceIy disturbed
as American ana English children who are reared
ana stimulated 10 acquire knowledge nom an earlier
age.
Societies OF mutual aid societies de secou,s ,a,,
tueu have been extended throughout the empire
whereas these societies were but few and in a very
crude condition under Louis Philippe they now
number large figure, are found to be institutions
working admirably and are now jn1 most flourish.
ing condition. they are not only selEsupportlpg
In many OF the large cities but they nov possess q
united capital ol 40 100000 francs The government
has iostered and greatly improved the organization OF
these institutions Their title Indicates their object
monthly contribution OF twenty sous ia made to a
common excheqler tile proceeds OF which serve 10
ald ana support those members who at aIy time
may be unable 70 help themselves from sickness or
any other cause. The society becomes house OF
refuge Tor those Of its members VINO are struck by
misfortune. Each society elects lis own head or
director, who y confirmed by the government at
Paris, whenever the society asks the government
patronage, WulcN III tnpf lrnOuufS n 4
subventon Of 500 francs. third OF these societies
are free, not having yet asked the government
patronage, which they do not seek 80 long as they
have the means Of existence within themselves
Another institution, inauguraied by the empire
aud which has pr00uced successful results, Is the
casse ~ fsH0us pour "a rltNieSSe. his c0tsse Is
under the direct Management oi the cdis9e De 0D0f
. constgliatt9hS OF iaris, anu has ts succursal
bureaus II all the communes worked by the gov.
eTnment agents. The odiSse n getroRe The work
ing classes contribute from their monthly gains
sum, small or great, according as IL Is intended for
support during life, u may be reserved TO the
family OF the contributor after his death or alicnated
When. through od age, these classes become unable
or inapt 10 labor they are thus supported from the
accumulated fund in the catSse de relydfte dis
bursed by the government agents.
In addition TO the foregoing advantages procured
The working classes the Emperor has accorded them
many valuable privileges. they enjoy the right OF
tstken ~ the same extent aborers in the United
States and England. lie has induced them 70 sub-
scribe for small sums 10 the national loans inau.
gura.ed oy ms Majesty, u return ior which they
makes or them @ species or little renters and gives
them an Interest In the welfare and progress OF the
state. IL IL not strange, considering these facts
that the sentiments Of the French working classes
towards the empire are those OF attachment and
gratitude. In very instances have their favor
able dispositions Tor the imperial regime been
warped BY the manpuyres OF the opposition In
the workshop and In the cabaret few OF the more
reckless sort have been persuaded by the agitators
TO believe that they would be Infinitely better or
under any other government than that OF Napo-
leon Ill.
Strange as it may seem O majority OF the French
people attack the Emperor for having erected the
present Kingdom OF Italy. They maintain that Il
suicidal 10 expend 90 900 lives and 600 900 OF
francs IN order TO build up ltay as first class Power
ON the TANKS Of the empire, IN the place once occu
pied by Austria. The grandeur OF the creation has
been considerably obscured, according to the afore.
said majority BY the lngrattude and Jealousies Of
the Italians, wnicn the Emperor should have fore
seen TO be inevitable. Nice and Savoy are not re-
gardcd az compensation. The resurrection OF Italy,
certainly the lnest gem that the Emperor has placed
In his crown the greatest monument OF his reign
and one which BLDG falr 10 survive M has long been
fayorte argument OF attack the part OF the OPP
position. headed by N. THEIRS True, in virtue OF
the principle OF naiionattics, a. embodied IN the
Italian Kingdom, which great principle, with univer
sal suffrage as lts organ the Emperor has bad the
peculiar merit OF substituting for the old tradition OF
the law OF nations, has sprung np The new Prussia
OF such formidable strength as 70 constitute her
real menace 20 France lar afD0ye tho very colossal
and oyershadJwing proportions which are cOnceied
10 italy. hut ns the new principle has now been
universally accepted a. sound " the most learned
puDllcists ann eminent writers on International af
fairs ils application la behau of any one nation
whatsoever cannOt fairy be repr0achcd by the
the imperial policy towards Rome meets with
the ,poyuiar support, The rural population
OF all casses, welded 10 the catholic faith,
through iht prepondera,ing influence OF the clergy
are vehemetyy opposed 70 tho abandonment OF his
Holiness 70 w tender meTcles Of the Montana he
rocs. II - related that shortly after the Emperors
return nom tiy 1859 he met at Srasbourg NJ.
Dronyn de Lhlys, Me former Minister Of Foreign
Aiairs and an ardent Papal.st. The question Of On
evacuation OF lome by the French troops being
mooted N. de Lhuys mplored the Emperor In a
lengthy discussion 90 hLl on TO The Eternal CITY
winding Up his address by VIC prediction that II the
Pope was not upheld the oinRre would have only the
urers OF society fq1 o15,usiE AZ its supporters in
france. subsequently 10 TINS c,nyersation the EN-
peror being urged by another pets0nage % give up
Rolne to the lt5ians replied, "firlr.ea a A. Dr0uva
ds Ihtysn tspeak % N. DTouyn de lhuys about ~
The policy OF non-intervention tnat AS been fol-
lowed since tue Mexican expeuiuoh was first
sdepied In saA AZ the time Of the attack WON little
Dennark by Prussia and Austria. u Was at that
epoch 80 threatening In aspect Tor me general peace
D the Continent, that pubic opinion w we various
departments was consulted BY means 0i the pfeieega
The UNANIMOUS sentiment evolved Qn tlas occasion
att.. nx.ss rba ma