, 1869-01-08
THE FARM AND GARDEN,

httA'-"h W!ACu lluSuaH0f{'"LtM |
Lnnd--lltdBes--'7bs Dairy.
Farm Dnildinsa--The Gar.
dtn..The 0fthaft.
srcria! Agricultural Carre.pondtnce Of The Gilt
caEo TFibutt.
cHAxrA,aa. J.a B. ise9.
We are HOW IN tl,c threshold or new ycnr
at TINT period vhen The farmer must lay his
[tlans for the next twelve munills, upon .ilc
succefs Of which he depends lur Hi income for
his carltai AMI 1sbor. We have esafnlnrd
LAe lesauns Of tile year juat r'nscd. most Ut
y 1Itch 1t will be well to heed III MIR future
upcratf"tiB hut We have a3nlrtt1ug mvfe 10
tlo 1n tllfs tlitect,un than tu 1slHnl whu1ly III
The experttncu Of tht past. We nu=t take
tnlu consideration such new cyudituh Of
shlngs az lr. seiit tlIsnse1fes ff,tn tltfie tu
ilhlt. at1d take ttiesti Into otsf t1ana, alsu4
Hy ttefEise emily tias ptel tth.hy taikr,t aht
witt II Of this State aa the ateal a4fe,iilu
FA1 F|ate OF tilr Northwest, il,He t'a.,tlp think
Rtil ast NJ th.tlA h That Fas tAe hti|Y value N,
thu tinHd atIpa thHt nlahu vi, III fri. pEAts
Etvs, In heIla "f siysE f',Fe.t and syssI.ls.l
Asoeua thai glse sMiety aud value Ia thH
t"FlEJt k"J ttH1G HAk %NAEA f}F1 4tEt}HRL
tllo fact tllAt twn,.htrts tf lllsss 5ltA acres
cover lmmensc heda OF caal that tha Pnx, .he
Rack and l&n Mississippi Rivers are faas tlow.
tug streams, constant In their supply Ut water
power md capable Of turning thousand.
eyes Ia The North. where railroads urc pena-
trating the forests OF Superior, bringing TO
us the wealth of those old woodlands, and
what !S better, The iron and copper ores Of
that marvellous region Of hurohiaH dykes,
filled with the spotls at metallic o1ydes au1
eonglosncfates: that nnst como herr to NEST
tho coal that Providence has placed In sach
abunds nee, as II intended that they should
come hero Tor the purpose Of reduction and to
be worked Into things of use aud beauty, by the
aid OF our cheap ateam and cheap water
power. But what has this to do with the
plans that the farmer must now lay down for
his future guidance Much, yory much, as
VIC will show. Thcu, again, the railroads that
nro making rapid progress to the West will
not only briug us the spotis oil the mountains,
but the trade Of the Offcnt. that must pay III
tribute, ard which our people must make
preparation for.
A MUTUAL INTEREST.
These new conditions Of things must now
be taken into the ACCOUNT for they will d.
vide our people into three classes, the culti
yators Of the soil. the manufacturers. and the
carriers, each Of which Is essential to the
other, and which must be cemeutcd Into 9
mutual dependence: and as . whole compos'
ing the Industrial classes Of the State.
THE OLD SYSTEM.
Under the old system OF agriculture, Ws
| must, Of necessity, after supplying tho lin.
| tied home demand, grow those things thai
leeds as the workshops Of dis
tant States and distant countries m'gh1
supply us: but With monopolIes in our midst
| We wonld supply these other industries with
| not only food but with part OF the raw ma
teriat tor their manufactures. these good:
| would then to great extent be the basis O
! exchange for such other heads MS may not bt
| ot hand. Whcat, corn, wool, pork aud bee
are nov the raw products that form the basi:
| Of our exchange, aud these must 70 to tha
scaboa1d for market
| NEW AANKETs.
! The manufactures that mus. NOW grow vi
In our State will gire us new markets, an:
| kl ow what they will demand Of us, ami lear
how to best supply that demand. Thu 1unl
bermen and miners Of Superior and tn
mountains to the vest will need the usua
agricultural ttap1es, and also make cxtcu
siye demands for carly vegetables and fruits
their forests aud mines, thus giving to oul
commercial carriers full business both why's
and etfcctinx an exchange that must be o.
material advantage to al! interested.
MIXED HCSHASllltT.
| It will be seen that We must unw lay ou
plans :or mi xcd hrshandry- is.the pro
ducts OF the Held, the oTchlrd Il ID the gar
d.u. Not ouly these, but there Il anolhe
small Item or two that should not be oyel
Looked. The railroads will nurl Ties m
timber for track purposes, aud ibis Tl
mako q new demand on US. It Is true thn
tl1ls is crop not maturing In one year, hn
II Ia nevertheless q crop that we must plan
md whit patiently for the llnryrstlng. Ou
old forests will soon be stripped Of tfsnbe
for this purpose, nnd tic new supply mu'
conc from the firms wr must, therefor
begin ut once to supply this new demand.
| We shall bave more to do with the gavtle
and the orch11d, and as thca. must lo size
tered troa1 the bleak Winds, mud as thorc
nolhinZ better for this purpose thnn til
iorcst trees that We shall need FOR rallron
ties, which will grow In these shelter belts
thing Of annual ynlue and In III" e11d fnaR
lurgo returns Of capital-wc should plan
7IES1ks{H LESS LAND. ~~
II 1nay bo Bccn tha. with this new cond
tiOu o; things, this division Of labor, that "
shall be under >shc necessity ot hiring mo-
1nt,or, or Of cultlrAtinE less ianl. 1t IS nh
10 our ad,nntage. 1n some casos thu o,
, rule, and ln5 others To otherl will tloull
! less rroru The most dc1!suhlc. Capital, lab
ut hnnd aud executive ability Will hs u
nlcnts Of auccess or failure.
We mist begin to consider the value
drnfnlnc ard n,anurinE. a7i Ii possible mn1
, our old fields produce the old.tlmo croJ
' OF, 1t possible, In pyuu Quito them. II !
: double thr aercd products Of our nelJs, !
i need oplr cultivate one half, mud this VIC Ii
+ bcttcr take into confederation +; It will sn
ouc-hnif tho cost Of !oncing, rcrnfrs mt: In
tuxcs, tcr The Assessor always hHs q keen Z
!, to weil.rulsiyutcd una Productive farms.
t1KDaEs.
i Hedges should savo Il largo place ID
:. plp,le, &ur wcll.madr, live hedge IN chcnr
i itar ttnc Of 1cnI material ; II tnny always
!. relied ulx,n II. i Is lc>s cxjcnklvt 10 kccpln
i tnir, shr!tcrs the crop md has tcs,cilc
!, utmotrhctc. Tho nsagc Is thc III. mater
. Tor tll+ purpose for farm use, hut must II
! ptnnt!nl mud ornaments nj hedge call 1,e nsu
or the common lmr 10Y. though the t'us
: Ienycd variety ID mort dcsraf'ln. ehlne
" We .hall ice thus hedge coulnon about 1
Il liou.c Er0lGds.
q Tina far too little attention has occn sls
stIlc attention has brcn given this snb}o
=. hut taking the State, or ut least that par!
, IT north Of MattoOn anti Pana. 1t has hecn
r. much neglected. In nearly the whole
C thiF region, large PERCENTAGE Of ,I. ahe .ar
II
4 The winter, 10 say nothing Of
~ almost total absence OF cheese. In d coun
!, that can beast such luxurlsnt pastura
n. where Hue grass is So natural to Tue 9
~ that, like white clov. r, 1t pushes Itself i
-, ought not TO cxlst. We should. thereto
~ ~ take this desirable department OF farm
~ into consideration, when we make up
u u plans Of the year. THIS Ieads us also to c
,c cider the necessity Of more aud better
-. FARM BUILDINGS.
~ One reason for the neglect Of the dairy
- the want Of good, dry cellars and dairy 100
n Tor without these no crest progress Gnu
- medc ID butter md checsc-making. The1
y; 10 fatteuing property In the northwest VI
X nor in the shelter Of shfl fences; warm sta'
Ii and pig s.yes are tha places ices,
sfn5 gTan eo,5 Tsn TeatheF tso .ttepiag M St
II only hold their owu, however well !ea.
n must therefore consider If it Is not bette
feed less stock and invest part OF me E! /;
4 tai IN warm stables. The same rulc Will q
ke go0d IN regard to tnG ieealng o. nay,
+, self On our attention, md will not be thl
nj aside, when making up our plans Tor
d. rear.
10. AZ the garden has been made an lmpor!
~ | nart OF every fsrm, VIC must CONSIDER II
;nc capuot nuke some improvement on It
Nv ~. secure better crops will less labor. We
~ hs tainly have not done justice to this par
~. Nc our domain. Barn-ys1d manure has :!
" sts allowed to 90 to waste vlthin teT rod
IT, IT, g1o1 up to weeds. This y neither
md et1non5 ~. Eooa 80 e' - o,an,anfa n sur
x X N growing garden vescsables- Let Us
M los this into consideration, and thus show
~ ~ pcirhbors that science md labor 20 han
,ht hand. -.
-es. 80. 80 s1rostad IN thp
-. - chard. but Il fs q question whether hn!
"a oIa this CO pttal is paying Investment. 7
IA ~ Is no good reason for snch a result. ior
the gu oNectipns IGus ae1.Hn. Nsris.ios sn;1 ~
my | duets Ql kHt VlE4lA1Qs FNA4Etstsf 9V'As -