The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1869-11-24
THE UNKNOWN REGIONS.
DIR. Livingstone Certainly safe-His
Report on his African Explorations
and the Sources OF the Ni1c-Thc
Problem "Now Solved

and the Sources OF the Nilc-Thc
Problem "Now Solved
A cable dispatch received last evening an
nounces that q communication had been received
from DR.. Livingstone dated ujiji, May 13, 1869,
in which he says that he was in good health and
had been treated well everywhere. This news
gives additional interest to the following dispatch
from the eminent explorer, which was read at
meeting of the Royal Geographical Society of
London, held on November s. Sir Roderick
Murchison presiding
NEAR LAKE BANGwEoLo
SoIrTu CENTRAL AFRICA, July, 1868.
Mr. y0rd-Whcn had the honor Of writing to
Won in February, 1867, had the Impression that
was then on the watershed between the hambeZi
and either the Congo or the Nile, More eXtended
observation has since convinced me or the essen
tial correctness OF that impression; and from
what | have seen, together with what have
learned from intelligent natives, think that
may safely assert that the CHIEF sources olthe Nile
arsc hctIyecn 10 deg and IL deg. south latitude,
or nearly in the position assigned 10 them Dy
Ptoemy, whose River Rhapta is probably the Ro-
vama. Aware that others nave bcen mistaken,
and layin. no claim TO inlalllDillty, do not yet
speak very positively, particularly OF the parts
west and northwest OF TanganyiRa, because these
have not vet come under my observations; nut II
your lordship will read the following short skctcn
0f my discoveries YOU will perceive that the
springs OF the Nile have hitherto been searched
for very much too far to the north. Iney rise
| some 400 miles south Of the most southerly por
! tior OF the Victoria Nyanza and indeed south OF
! all the lakes except BangWeolo. ,.-
Leaving the valley OF the Loangwa, which en-
| ters the ZambeZi at Zumba, we climbed mp what
seemed 10 be a great mountain mass, but it turn
ed out to be only the southern edge OF an elevated
region. which Is from 5000 TO 5000 feet above the
| level of the sea. This upland may roughly he
said to cover space soutn oi LAKE lat,Sanylha
| Hos l. generally
| ed with dense or open forest, has an unduatlng
sometimes hilly, surface, q ricn son, Is wen wa
tered by numerous rivulets ana, Tor Africa, IS
| cold. II slopes towards the north ana west puti
have found no part OF 1t under 5000 feet OF at!-
tude The country Of Usang0, situated east OF the
| space indicated, is also an upland, anu anoras
| pasturage TO the immense nerds OF caItlc Oh tne
| RassanpO q remarkably light-c0l0red race, very
| friendly to strangers Usang0 forms the eastern
side of great but still elevated valley. The other
| or western side is formed by what are caled Ine
Kone Mountains, beyond the copper mines OF Nd
| tanga Still further west, and beyond the kone
| range or plateau our old acquaintance the ZamDe-
| Zi under the name Jamball, Is said to rise. The
southern end OF the great valley enclosed between
| Usango and the Kone range Is between II deg.
| and IL deg. south. 1t was rarely possible there
| TO see n star but accidentally awaking one morn
| ing between two and three O'Clock, i found one
which showed latitude II deg Sc mn south, and
we were then fairly on the upland. Next day we
| passed two rivulets running north. AS we ad-
| vanced, brooks evidently perennial became
| numerous. Some went eastward TO lall into the
| LOanCwa: others went northwest TO JOIN tile river
| ChambeZe. Mislcd by q map calling this river IN
an oir.hand manner "Zambczi, eastern branch"
| | took it to be the southern river OF that name;
but the ChambeZe, with all It's branches, hows
from the eastern side into the centre 0i the great
| upland valley mentioned, which Is probably the
valley OF the Nile. II Is an interesting river as
| hclpinr TO form three lakes, and changing its
| name three times in the 500 or GOO miles OIL It's
| course 1t was first crossed Oy the portuguese,
Il irnI far
| heard of nothing else. person who collected
all, even the hcarsay geography or the Portu-
| puesc knew so little actually OF the country that
he put large river here running 5000 lect uphill
| and called il the New Zambczi.
| crossed the ChambeZe In 10 deg 81 M. south
and several OF its continents south and north quite
ss large as the Isis at Oxford, but running 1astcr
aud having hIppopotami in them. l mention
| these animals because In navigating the Zambezi
| l could always steer the steamer boldly 10 Where
they lay sure OF finding not less than eight feet of
water The ChambeZe runs into Lake BangweOIo,
and on coming out OF it assumes the name OF l,t-
| apula. The Luapula nows down north past the
| town Of Caycmhe and twelve miles below 1t enters
| Lake Moero. On leaving Mnnro ~ ITS northern
end by rent in tue mountains OF Kua; IL takes
the name Luulaba, and passing on N.NW., iornls
| Ulcnge In the country west OF TanganyiEa nave
| seen it only where 1t leaves M0ero and wnerc IL
comes out OF the crack In the mountains 0l ltll;l,
hut I'M quite satisfied that even before 1t receives
| the river SofunsO from Marungu, and the SOburi
from the BALBOA country, 1t Is quite sufficient 10
form Ulcnge whether that is Il lake with many
| islands, AZ some assert or sort ol PunlauD, Il
| division into several branches as is maintain
cd by others. These branches are all gather
| ed up by the Lufira, large river winch Dy
many continents drains the western side OF the
great valley. have not seen the Luira' ouI
| pointed out west OF eleven degrees south, 1t Is
there asserted always to require canoes. thls Is
purely native information. Some intelligent men
| assert that when Lulra takes up the water OF
| Ulenpe IL flows north northwest into Lake Cho-
| Wambe. which conjecture to be that discovered
| by Mr. Baker. Others think that 1t goes into
| Lake Tanganyika at Uyira, ana still passes north
ward into ChOwambe by q river named Loanda;
| These are the parts regarding whlcn suspend
my Judgment. If am in error there and live
| through it, shall correct myself. Idly opinion at
| present Is II the large amount OF water have
seen going north does not now past IahganyiKa t
on the west it must have an exit from the lake,
and in ali likelihood by the Loanua. LOOKING
back again to the upland, it is well divided into
districts, Iobisa, LObemba, Ubengu, itawa, L0-
mere Kabuirc, Marungu, Lunda, or L0nda, and
Rua; the people are known by the initial ''Ba" in
stead OF the initial Lo or U for country. The Arabs
soften Ba into Wa, in accordance win tner Sua-
hell dialect; the natives never 90. On the lortn-
ern slopc of the upland, on the I'd OF April, 1861,
| | discovered Lake Liemba; 1t lies in hollow with
| precipitous sides two thousand feet down: 1t Is
extremely beautiful, sides, top and bottom being
| covered with trees anu other vegetation. hle-
uhants buiIuloes and antelope5 Iced on the steep
| slopes while hipp0potam, croc0ulies anu lsI
| swarm In the waters. Guns being unknown, the
| ELEPHANTS unless sometimes deceived into pit
fall, have it all their own way. 1t IS as perfect q
natural paradise as Xenophon could have desired.
On two rocky Islands men till the land, rear goats
| and catch fish; the villages ashore are embower-
| ed IN the palm Oil palms OF the West Coast or Al
| rica. Four considerable streams how into Liem-
| ba. and q number OF brooks (Scottce, trout
burns ~ from twelve to fifteen feet broad, leap
down the steep, bright red clay schlst rocks and
] form splendid cascades that make the dulest OF
INV attendants pause and remark with wonder
| measured one OF the streams, the Lolu, lllty
| miles from It's confluence, and found 1t at ford
2s4 feet say 100 yards broad, thigh and waste Deep
| and flowing fast over hardened sandstone flag
ia September-the last rain had fallen on the 18th
| of Nav Elsewhere the Lolu requires canoes. The
| I.onzua drives large body OF smooth water into
| Iiemba, bearing on its surface duck weed and
| grassy islands; this body OF water was ten fath
ems deep. Another OF the four streams is said to
| be larger than the Lofu, but an oYcr-oincious
! beadman prevented my seeing more OF IL anu
| another than their mouths. Tne lake Is not
large, from eighteen to twenty miles broad, and
from thirty five to forty long. II goes on north,
! northwest in n river-like prolongatlon Two miles
wide, it is said, TO Tanganyka. would have set
| it down as all arm Of that lake but tlat It's sur
| face is $500 feet above the level OF the sea- while
| Spckc makes it 1914 feet only. tricd 10 loilow
| the river-likc portion, but was prevented by
war Which had broken out between I'VE Ghlel o.