davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

BURLINGTON STEAMBOAT Co.-At the annua
meeting of the Burlington Steamboat Company
held in this city on Tuesday last, the following
Board Of Directors were elected for the ensuing
year
John B. Page, Rutland, Lawrence Barnes
Burlington, J. B. Harris, Rutland, Levi Under
wood, Burlington. Peter Butler, Boston, Geo. b
Chase, Boston, E. A. Birchard, Boston, 5. ".
Foster, Knowlton, Pc, Geo. \. Merrill, Rut-
land.
Subsequently the directors met and chose the
following officers
John g. Page, President; Geo A. Merrill,
General Superintendent; J. VI. Haven, Treas
urer.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

NV SrEA1uR-A new steamer FIR
Plartsburgh and St. Albans Ferry, Is now e..
built at Essex, ny. She will be launched
the lst Of August, and it is the intention OIL. .
owners TO have her ready for business a- ..
as the 1st Of September. Her ju-lsa
Messrs. Hoskins, Ross IS Co., If Essex. S..
her model being the design Of Mr.. Orsoa
Of Shelburn. The owners are John To'a..
Grl1l Isle, and Archibald Fortune. Of E.
Y Y. Her dimensions are I12 feet in l--
% feet beam over all, and @ feet depth If .
She viii have propeller engine Is I--
diameter Of cylinder, with - inch stroke
engine and boiler, made by W Page
W aterford, y Y. are now ready. Sfe
finished and furnished IN O neat and -a-
manner, with special view TO the
business on the Lake. Her name VIII
&c Grand Isle, and she viii be common
Captain John Tobias, one Of her owners
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

TIE Express OFFICE The improvements
which have been in progress on the building on
st Paul street, in this city owuei.by the Express
Company, for the past few weeks, are now
about completed, and are apparent both outside
and in the interior. Outside, the appearance
is much improved, AMI instead Of the old dilapi-
dated rookery which formerly met the eye Of the
beholier, it now presents one Of the best looking
fronts in the city; having been entirely re-
modelled in appearance by raising the building
+ IN additional story, and covering it with a sub
stantial fat roof, ornamen;el by handsome
cornice; while it is lighted by large arched
windows, instead Of the old-fashionei small
square ones Inside, the building Is 4 molel Of
convenience and elegance, when the rough uses
incident to an express office are considered.
The main or general business room is handsome-
y finished in black walnut and chestnut, and IS
arranged and furnished in the best and most
convenient manner, with safes, counters, desks.
scales, &c, for the transaction Of the business.
Above this room is sittinc-room for the
messengers and clerks when not on dutv,-a
much needed IMPROVEMENTS also a sleep
ing room, nicely furnished, for the bo1k-keeper.
In the rear is a new stable AMI barn for the
horses, wagons and sleighs of the company, which.
ike the Office, is model Of neatness, being pro
yided with water and all other modern improve
ments, and kept scrupulously clean. This IS
connected with the Office by covered driveway.
under which the animals find protection from the
weather, and are sheltered during loading and
unloading freight. Altogether the improvements
are marked and many. costing in the vicinity Of
$500, and We have no hesitation in pronounc-
ing the office one Of the best arranged for the
purpose We have ever seen, and are informed
that it has but few equals in New England The
general remodelling Of the building has been
done under the orders Of E. H. Virgil, Esq, the
General Superintendent and one of the principal
stockholders in the company, at the suggestion
Of Mr. William Henderson, the popular agent Of
the eompanytin this city, to whom the business
men Of Burlington must feel largely indebted
for the increased facilities which the improve
ments have given the company for doing. bust
ness at this point. The repairs were made by
Messrs. Roby Bros. of this city from plans fur
nished by Mr.. Rodney Roby of the firm. under
whose personal supervision the whole work has
been 50 well and tastefully executed.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

Average temperature, i59.37.
Barometer-mean height, go 80 inches.
Fall OF rain p inches.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

BuTrER.--In the st. Adams butter market
tuesday, transactions were quite brisk, the shin
ments being 724 tubs, greater amount than on
the preceding week. The prices obtained ranged
ing the latter figures.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

ST. ALBANs BANK The time FIR the wv
ton of the bills of the st. Alblus bans sAf
on the 25th inst Hand them in before j
late.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

Letters from Berlin state that from all parts of
the kingdom of Prussia. and even of the rela .
lively rich province of Prussia, the emigration TO
North America has begun on larger scale than
IN former years The emigrants generally saw
mat they leave their native homes on account az
tne distress reigning there, and not merely TO e.
cape the military Consumption.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07


The Washington correspoudenrs Of the New
| Yorl, 7;s,e. saw. Il, -. g.. a..
,t.-.tD 'i''
0''' mat 'esi'e'' ui''h' mas appointed an
undue proportion Of his own relatives to Office .
The President has aproirt.3 ma relative n IL.
own to any office whatsoever. uules. il le S;ios
| Hudson Of Iown. Minister n Hor5p-,s nj
may ro.s Div be 4, eou.;n of tho -.
Postmaster at Co,nrton XIV was o min, How
that position by President johnson. Prof
manner no" onsrl 1T Leipsie, who married
beliere he presi,n, ,,N'e I, 10 'bl' place
has appointed two brothers-n-law Of Mrs. Grant
to positions under him, viz Mr. Jas. T. Casey.
., %, 'e SoLee'or Of The Fort Of New Orleans; and
master at P;cb,nan1 w." i,. NJ 'Ptol',l oS'-
United States Marshall for the Di.triet If c1 "
umhia. The latter office has always been re-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07


We find the following in the Wooistock St1a4-
ART.
WOODSTOCK, w.. april d, 1862 b
J.. o. Greene. Esq, Editor or The Standard:
DEAR SIR II have seen several communica-
tons and floating paragraphs in various papers
Of the STATE, mentioning my name in connection
with the otflce Of Governor. II is an honor 10
have ones name associated with that office. and
iaIprccia,e the regard and the friendship which
lHfe suggested the honor for me But am not
70 candidate, nor do | propose to be a candidate
And though | suppose this is pretty well under
stool, and the suggestions in my behalf have
hardly significance enough to Justify the publ
cation Of a letter Of decluation, I prefer not to
be misunderstood, nor to seem to occupy an
eIuiv9cal position in the matter. and therefore
viii thank YOU 10 say thus early through your
paper that ! am not and will not be a candidate.
Very truly yours,
FREDERICK BILLINGS.
We have been wave that Mr.. Billings did not
intend that his name should be made means
Of distraction in the party, or Of diyerting sup
port from a worthy candidate or candidates for
denomination, earlier in the field and we are
not surprised at this timely and explicit state
nent If Mr. Billings makes Vermont his fu-
tlIe home, as we suppose he intends to, and
shall see fit in future years to permit the use Of
ms name, for the covcmorship or almost any
ether office i'll the gift of the people, We shall
consider the party fortunate in securing so able,
worthy and populara candidate
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

The REroRN ScHooL.-It Is enough to say in
regard TO the seurrilous attacks upon Rev. A.
Z. Pease, the worthy Superintendent Of the Re
form School, which appear periodically in the
Montpelier -4rg'a, that they have invariably
emanlted from some subordinate. either anxious
to get Mr.. Pease out Of his place, in the hope
that the schemer or some friend Of his might
stand a chance to secure the appointment TO the
vacancy, or else desiring TO cover up some de-
Inquency on his part by imputiug blame to Mr.
Pease. The escape Of two boys from the seho5l.
on Monday Of last week, noticed by the .frUss.
We understand 30 have been in no way The fault
Of Mr.. Pease, but Of his Assistant Superintend-
ent. The school, as a whole, was never So pros
porous, orderly, and efficient. as now. The s11c
cess Of the experiment is very largely due to
the unselhsh and seif-sacrifcirr labors Of Mr.
Pease, and the trustees should see to it that he
Is sustained by efficient helpers, who viii attend
to their duties, and not 20 outside OF them TO
furnish material for false and scurrilous attacks
on the Superintendent, to q sheet which has
always hated and opposed the Reform School.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07
CHITTENDEN COUNTY

In the Richmond butter mlrse-
$50 tubs were sold, AZ prices rl--'--
to 81 cents per pound
4 ben owned byS. Johns # fun,
Gently hid an egg measuring : .-t
inches ia circumference, and vs.
ounces.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07
FREDERICK BILLINGS.


WASHINGTON, May -.
The decrease ia the public debt is over
@0.aoO,ooo The following is a recapitulaton
Of the public debt statement which has Just been
issued from the Treasury Department;
De5t Bearing Coin Interest
Bonds Mt per cent, issued before
March "a, 1864, 27.O22, 900
Bonds at per cent. OO-40's) j.
sued under the act Of March
81 1861, 1914 ,567 300
Bonds Of 1881, at per cent, 2S3 gu, 400
o per cent. 80 bonds, 1902 6l2. 600
Amount outstanding, 2,lO7 SIS. 700
Interest. A. Off Is5
De5t Bearing Interest in Lalrful .Monev.
Certificates at per cent interest, So .24O, 900
Navy pension fund, 3 per cent
interest, 1900, 600
Amount outstanding. 67.24O 600
Interest, l.O71 900
Deji BeariHg no Interest
Demand and legal tender notes, : 3.56O. 63s
Postal and fractional currency, 1880. 800
Certificates of gold deposited $780,, 200
Amount outstanding, 4O7. 70. 316
Debt on which in terest has in
creased since, maturity, 5,7O1 ,3l8
Interest, 356. $40
Total DEBT.
Principal outstanding. s., 5SS, 5l1, 1852
Interest accrued, 1866, 23G
Less amount Of interest paid in adj
vance, 3,206, 1856
Interest, 46,49l 500
Total debt, principal and inter-
est, S2,6S5, O92, sS8
AMOUNT in he Treasury.
Coin belonging to the Govern
- ment. S92,G3I, 1872
Coin for which certificates Of de-
post are outstanding, $780,. 900
currency 1896, 1854
Total, SI16 o25 Aoe
Amount Of public debt less cash in
the Treasury, on the LIST ult., 81. 525. 196 4e1
Decrease Of the public debt during
the past month, 400 o7o
No bonds were issued to the Pacific Railroad
during April The statement, however. shows |
an increase of accrued interest of s2Si ,26I. on
the bonds Of said road since the last statemen,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

Short iioms-A o. Cummings. N,ptrer,si.
Daniel Himbal, Clarendon.
Deyons-Harley VI. Hall. Fast Burke. II {,
| Cleveland Coventry.
Ayrshires-Carlos Baxter, Burlington. Pr-
! tus Nutting, Randolph.
Hereioris-Amasa Bcmis, East Burke
Jerseys-Ihomas Baker, Barton; T. $. Stow
ell, Cornwall
Dutch-Ierome Holden. Westminster.
Grade-David Gooien, Brattleboro
Working OXEN. A. SheId. burlington:
( Franklin Billings, Rutland; Charles b. Gr,v
last Montpelier; Elijah cleveland. Coventry
S;eefs-H. NJ. Arms Springfield,
Fat Cattle. vs.. Bailey, Montpelier.
calves. ;. Benedict, Casileton.
Horses - thoroughbred. Geo. C. Chandler
Montpelier; stock horses, /. T. Tucker. RovaI-
ton, Henry b. Kent, Dorset. Henry O.. Roof.
Bennington; J. II. Peters, Bradford Heprv
Chase, Lyndon; Don Shaw. Bolton Dennis
Gilmore, St. Adams Lawrence Braineri. Jr
II Adams geldings and mares. L. T. Tucker.
hoyalton, chairman William Kimball. West
minister matched horses. Henry Keyo,. New
bury draft horses, William Robertson. Putuev:
ponies, j. y. Marsh, Burlington saddle horses.
Joseph b. Taylor. s. Adams fancy matched.
Geo. \. Merrill, Rutland
sheep-Loug wooled, John GREGORY. North
held; middle wooded, Reifed Proctor. KutlaBl.
Merinos, Edwin Hammond. Aliddleburv. chair
man l.. 5. Drew, Burlington grade sheen.
., ; Bliss, Georgia; fat sheep, Henry Town.
Swine-D. 5 Pratt, Bratleboro.
Fowls-H. H. Merritt, Brandon
Agricultural Productions 49, Wool and fay
Henry Boynton. Woodstock grain. flour and
seeds, J. A Taft, Montpelier.
Vegetables - Middleton Goldsmith. Rutland
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07
city Water Works.

The committee appointed by the Board o
Aldermen to adjust the water rates Of the city
for the ensuing year, have settled upon the fol
lowing scale, which has been adopted;
WATER RATES.
Glass 1-LGnd and Buildings
On one story buildings, u cents per foot front
90 I6
g vacant land. s
- l story buildings not on the line Of a main
but within 1000 feet Of a hydrant, s cents per
[ foot front.
g story buildings, within 1000 feet Of a Ivy
drant, 5 cents per foot front
* story buildings, within 1000 feet of a by
drant, 10 cents per foot front
Class 2-Serrice.
For dwellings, occupied by one family, 90 per
year.
For dwellings occupied by , families (from one
service pipe,) 500 per year each.
For dwellings occupied by 9 and families from
one service pipe,) $500.
For dwellings, occupied by exceeding fimi.ie-
(from one service pipe,) s, 80.
For stores and Offices from l service, same rule
for families.
Class 3-Speeiai and Extra 10 Class p
Dental Offices, from s3to Sc per year.
Printing Offices from 81 to SO.
Photograph galleries.
Bakeries from 50 to $50.
Barber's shops from 50 to $40 per wear.
Victualng houses and saloons, from - TO SO
per year.
Boarding Houses and Schools, 50 to s2D.
Blacksmith shops, 80 per year, not exceeding =
fires.
Blacksmith shops s. per year for each addition
al FIRE.
Livery stables, for each horse owned by s,able,
> per year.
Livery stables, for each boarded horse. - pep
year.
Horses, private driving, - per year.
Hack and Truck Horses, 81 per year.
Cows, : per year.
Water closets, each tenement. - per year
Bath tubs private families, each - per year. .
Public bath tubs, each So
Public Houses-In all cases not enumerated .
special or meter rates.
Buildings in process Of erection OF repair.-Fo- .
each bushel Of lime consumed . - cents.
Breweries and Tanneries.-Speciai or meter
rates
Steam engines, not exceeding 10 horse power.
So per horse power
steam engines, exceeding 10 horse power. special .
rates.
Meter Rates.
Meter Rates, per month On the basis Of 100 .
gallons 10 ] hlgsheal
For from I TO 400 hogsheals, s cents rer hogs
heal
For each additional hogshead, upto 200. cents
per hogshead.
For each additional hogshead over 700 all not
exceeding 1000, . cents per hocsheaI.
For each hogshead over 1000, 1 cent per hog
head.
On motion Of Alderman Peck, it was voted
hat churches in the city, by paying the whole
Expense from the street mains. may take the
Eater TO their church ejif;es without charge for
'ater, and they are hereby declared to be ez-
mpt from water rates.
In all cases not enumerated in the above list.
petal rates viii be made by the Water Commit
se, and the Superintendent Of Water Works VIII
such cases be governed by their decision.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

RIcmovD.-BchmonI Is 10 L.rea
band. The requisite number Of u1-.
been found to complete such aa
and they have chosen j. p B4lua
George Bryant instructor. THE 5l-
T. in number, exclusive Of the irl-
balls, have been purchased at an exp
by the menters, and are At present
tion az Baruum s Towers store. T-
German silver and sliI TO De ss hauI-ou.
Of instruments as cln befounl in the S,l..
About the same amount Of maple sugar
been male in Ibis town tie present season ..
though It was made with much more
on account Of the great depth Of Snow.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

% ..-.--
tal Spring Lodge No. 81 l. o. Of G.. q.
chester, hell WeiuesIay evening Apr.
1850, ,he following officers were elected
ensuing Quarter.
W. CT, El-ar A. Morton.
". Y. T.. Mrs. T. A. Morton.
VS., Nyron T. Scullin.
". T.. :, Frank >harpley.
". T., Mrs. II. b. ~abiu.
". c., Rev. John Chase.
W. NJ. Seymour Cary.
". l. c., Mrs b Y. Huuue-s.
W. %. c., W. T. N1us1u.
The appointed officers were
W. d. ". Miss Amy Nuuson.
". 4. $, Miss Mile Hne
W. i. II. =. Mrs. Chase.
W. L. IT, s.. Mrs E. II. Trick.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07

Rev. Samuel Woodbury., late of New Boston
Nh, has removed to Braintree. VI post g.
address, West Randolph, Vt. ''-''N
hev. ); .. Skinner has removed from Mont
Pener 70 "ateryllle, Me-, as pastor of the Uni
versalist church in that place. ~
Rev Il. n. Richardson has been engaged to
continue S9 the supply of the Unitarian pulpit IN
west Brattleboro for three months.
An attempt is making to start third Unfair
IAN Society in Philadelphia The American Uni
aTian Association has appropriated 81 900 in
ald OF 1t MIR. Thorne, an ex-Presbyterian, is
their minister
Rev. E. R. Sanborn, of Fulton, NY, has ac-
cepted call to the pastorate of the Universalist
society at Concord, N. H., which has been with
out settled minister since the resignation of
Rev. F. E Kittredge
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1869-05-07
BURLINGTON.

APRIL-FoURTH WEEK-ls69.
The Fremont weekly journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio) 1867-1877, 1869-07-23
within the past week, two startlil

Within the past week, two startling
Railroad accidents have occurred, which
evinee carelessness of the safety of
travellers to a criminal extent, and
aroused a feeling Of Indignation that
calls for the punishment of the offend
erS The first occurred to a party of
excursionists on the Kansas Pacific Rail
road, in which two persons were killed
and large number injured. Among
the injured are a number Of well known
citizens af Cleveland. The other, and
by far the most terrible, occurred on
the Erie road, at Mount Hope, in Pike
county, Penn. The through freight, it
appears, which should have stopped on
a side track, until the express passed,
pulled out, and the locomotive had Just
reached lhe main track when it was
struck by the express locomotive which
was running forty miles an hour The
express locomotive, tender, baggage car,
mail and express cars, smoking car, one
passenger and one sleeping car, were
thrown from the track took fire and
were consumed, together with six pass
engers. There we're nine killed alto
gether, and about the sams number
wounded. Rev. B. B. Halleek, of NeE
York, though not injured by the col
iliOn, was jammed in by the timbers
and could not be got away. He Wa'
burned slowly to desth, The engineer
! Of the freight train, whose rectleSsnesi
-. Ned The disaster, made his sseaPs.
The Fremont weekly journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio) 1867-1877, 1869-07-23
It's msDuDIic,tv,

In the 4th resolution of the Demo-
cratic Platform, the Democracy affirm
themselves to be the permanent friends
of the laboring men, and in favor of a
limited number of hours constituting a
days work. It is desperate bid for
tie votes of the laboring man; but be-
fore they allow themselves to be led IN
to the meshes, they should assure them
selves what is meant by the resolution.
The hours of labor are already LnsitSd,
and there is nothing in the resolution
to indicate whether the present limit is
the one referred to, whether a smaller
or larger limit is intended, and the
Iaborer should be careful before be ties
to- the internal machine One oftheir
journals has spoken out upon the sub
ject-the mighty Plqindealer, which
gives color to Democratic sentiment in
Northern Ohio. 1t has solved the en-.
ligma; let US hear what it says In an
nounicing the views,i it repeals the words
of the resolution referred to, and gives
their meaning thus:
He believes that the Democratic
party Of the United States has always
been pre-eminently friendly to the
| rights and interests of the laboring man
that It Is IN faVor Of limited number
of hours of labor IN ALL GovERNMEEI
WORKSHOPS, hours dictated by the ply
sical and mental well-being of the la
borers.
There it is. These limited hours o
labor. are to apply only to the GoUern
m,ent soorkskops, and there are SO man,
Of them of course the entire laborin,
force of Ohio will be employed il
them (D And it is with such palpa
BE blind they would mislead the labor
ers. If the limited hours referred to
mean eight hours in the Government
workshops, they are late in expressing
their favor, for Republican Congress
has already established that rule, an
the laborer is indebted to it for the cor
cession, and no thanks to the DemoC
yacv-
The Fremont weekly journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio) 1867-1877, 1869-07-23

The Wabash and Erie Railways in
Harmony. broad ouage to Toledo
a Certainty. n

Aa1mQAY. AAuaN Guo6o 70 4OA0uO
a Certainty.
We are happy in being abb to an
nounce that lhe difficulty between the
Toledo, Wabash and Western Railway
Company and the Erie Railway Com
pany was amicably settled Tuesday,
The two companies have formed an al
lance which viii result to their mutual
advantage and prevent a recurrence of
all difficulties hereafter, and enable
them to compete successfully with op-
position lines.
This news cannot but be highly graf
flying to all interested in the Wabash
Railway, and we regard it as in the
highest degree beneficial to Toledo
It will result in the opening of addition
al facilities for the movement of the
produce of the country along the line
Of the Wabash, and while its benefit to
this city win be very great, 1t will be
equally so to the great grain producing
regions of Indiana and Illinois.
1t Is the intention of tie combined
roads to arrange at once for the building
of road 6etsOeeB Toledo and the near
est and best point upon the Atlantic and
Great Western, making Toledo the
Western terminus Of the Broad Guage.
This gives the combined roads a thro'
route to the Mississippi and thence on
westward to the Pacific The union
of these two great lines was magnif-
cent idea, the carrying out of which
viii produce magnificent results.-4O-
tedO Blade.
The above article should show to
our citizens the importance of prompt
and energetic action. If the facts are
as above stated, there can no longer be
any question, that an additional road
will be built eastward from Toledo at a
very early date, by the companies mem
toned. Over the course that road shall
take, Toledo proper can exercise but lit
tie influence; it viii 60 in as direct a
line as the roads interested can select
and strike some point on the Atlantic
and Great Western road, already of i'm
portance. 1t is not at all probable that
the the proposed Toledo and Orestline
route will be chosen, as that would car
~ the road to far southIto intersect the
A. d G. W. road to any advantage =
1t would make the line too long, and
really increase instead of shortning the
distance between Chicago and New
York The same amount"of road, on
a direct line, would almost make con
nection at West Salem, and but little
more would carry the road in direct
line to Akron, and save the running
distance between Mansfield and Akron.
The further east the point selected, on
the A. & G.. W. R. R. may be, the
greater the likelihood of the road
touching at Fremont, provided her cit
izens use the influence they possess to
secure it. But they can rest assured it
will not come here without an invita-
ton and a strong one at that and our
citizens owe it to themselves to make
that invitation so strong that it will be
irresistible. Public meetings should be
held at once, the matter discussed, and
steps taken to insure the location of the
road at this point.
The Fremont weekly journal. [volume] (Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio) 1867-1877, 1869-07-23

A train of forty-three cars, fifteen
loaded with crude coal oil, and eight
with coal, the balance empty, were de-
stroyed by fire at Cleveland, on the
evening of the 18th. The loss is esti.
mated at from $4,000 to $50, 900.
The fire was occasioned by the gas
which escaped from the oil tanks, or
the train, igniting from the fame OF q
lamp carried by wstchman.