davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05
The North Carolina Railroad Lease.

We publish to-day, instead of any further
comments of our own, the views of our
contemporaries of the State press. We
select from papers of both politics. The
press and the people all unite to pronounce
it one of the most stupendous swindles
ever attempted to be perpetrated upon
the people of the Safe
From the Charlotte Democrat (Oonservstive)
THE LEASE OF THE N. C. RAILROAD.
We stated last week that the Directors
of the N. @. Railroad had agreed to lease
that valuable and important work to the
President of the Raleigh & CASTOR Road.
and probably others, for the term of 90
years, with the understanding that the
Stockholders are to receive an annual diyi-
dend of six per cent.
We do not suppose that anything we
can say will change the action OF the Di-
rectors, but we hope facts will be present
ed that will cause the Stockholders to re-
lect the contract ...
We are opposed to the contract, lst.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05

SUPERIOR Coc'RT.-Disposition was made
Of the following cases at this tribunal yes
terday:
Jno. Virgins, alias Bob Hill, burglary
10 years in the State penitentiary.
Eliza Carroll, larceny-noL pros. en-
tered.
Laura Virgins, larceny-12 months in
the county workhouse.
Frank Beatty, larceny-verdict of gull
ty-prisoner discharged.
York Dudley, larceny-4 months in the
workhouse.
Lem Jones, larceny-verdict not render
ed.
Daily Journal 29M.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05
From the st. Louis Times.
A Now Way to Pay Old Debts.

A decidedly novel and interesting suit
was determined in the Circuit Court yes
terday, having been on trial for a number
of days. The case is for damages based
upon one of the raids made in 1864 by the
Confederate forces under the command of
Major General Sterling Price, the particu-
lars of which are as follows
James Lindsay & Co., claiming to be
good loyalists, were owners and proprie-
tors of a store in Ironton in 1861. One
afternoon, in the fall of 1864, their clerk
was in charge of the store, when news was
brought of the approach of Gen. Prices
army. Thinking discretion the better
part of valor, he left the store and made
good use of his legs. At that time it was
claimed that there was a stock of goods on
hand valued at seventeen thousand dollars,
but after the army had passed through and
the firm had returned, there was but three
hundred dollars worth of merchandise re-
naming.
After the departure of the clerk, and
prior to the arrival of the soldiers, James
Bess, resident of Ironton, visited the
store, as he says, for the purpose of pur-
chasing some salt, and no one being pres
ent to wait on him, he removed four sacks
with the intention of paying for them ur-
on the return of the owners.
Some time ago, James Lindsay {, Co.,
brought an action in Iron county, against
General Price, his staff officers, and JAS
Bess, claiming damages i'll the sum of
500, 900. Bess, fearing he could not re-
celve fair trial at home On account of the
prejudice against him resulting from the
war, took change of venue to st. Louis,
and the case was tried before Judge
Knight and jury. Precisely tho state of
EaAk -
still, strange as it may appear, verdict
for $40, 600 was rendered against Bess, thus
charging him with the full damage from
the raid-rather an expensive bill for four
sacks of salt. Of course, the matter will
be appealed to the Supreme Court.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05

SUPERIOR CoURT.-At this tribunal yes
terday the criminal docket was finished by
the trial of Nick DuBose for larceny. He
was convicted and sentenced to montha
in the workhouse.
In the case of Lem Jones, tried for lar
cerny the evening previous, verdict Of
guilty was rendered. A mo ton for q new
trial will be beard this morning.
Yesterday afternoon several civil cases
were tried.
Daily .jOn1'nal 30M.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05

objections to this lease, the price paid for
the road is entirely too small. This Road
If properly managed, would pay consider
ably over S24O. coo net profits. Then why
should it he leased for less than it is worth ?
This can only be explained by the 'sring."
In our opinion it is done for speculative
purposes, and to prevent the consolidation
of this road with the Atlantic and North
Carolina Railroad, which in justice to the
people and the State, ought to have been
effected long ago.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05
Our Raleigh Correspondence.

g Our City of Raleigh Fair Week and
the Week After-The Governors PrOcla-
nation and the Raleigh SentineI-Crimes
OF loyal Leaguers-State Educational
AssOciatiom-Cape Fear Agricultural AS
ISOLATION Fair-The Premium LIst-Thc
Marlborough House. &C.. &c.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05

Two million three hundred thousand
money orders were issued by the Postoffice
Department during the year ending both
OF June last. embracing an aggregate of
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05

table where the deaf mates were seated
Immediately all attention was conferred
upon him. They had been waiting some
what restlessly, but hands and bodies dis
continued their motion, and heads were
inclined in reverence as he approached the
table and said grace by means of the signs
they so clearly understood. At its conciu-
sion the children fell to the meal With q
hustle and hearty vim. At the table for
the blind the voice of the superintendent
claimed attention, and all was respectful
silence when grace was said. At its con
clusion a difference was noticed from the
deaf mutes in turning attention to the
meal. The blind helped themselves SLOW
~ and in listless manner, clearly betoken-
ing the loss of sight.
and a girl, children OF Chang, one OF the
Siamese twins, who now resides with his
brother, of course) in the western part of
our State. Their complexion, features
and countenances clearly betOken oriental
origin.
In the Colorod Department of the In
stitution there are fifteen pupils, all of
whom are making rapid progress. Being
situated away from the Asylum building,
had not the time or opportunity to pay
it visit; but understand it is an object of
peculiar interest.
The pupils are all apparently happy, I'M
der most excellent system of control,
contented and devotedly attached to the
humane Superintendent and his kind
assistants They are clearly, and well
cared for, and true neatness is everywhere
apparent. To Mr.. Palmer and the teach
ers the public owe deep debt of graft
tude. Altogether the Asylum is An object
of great interest. j.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1869-11-05

We learn from our exchanges that the
n. @. r. r. has been leased to the r. & G..
Railroad Company for $24O. 900 per year.
We look upon this lease of the N. c.
Road as one among the numerous sUindles
that are being daily perpetrated upon the
people by the Ring.
In the first place, III there were no other
The Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1869-1872, 1869-08-07
Proceedings Of Miners. Meeting in Cope

At a meeting of the miners of Cope mining
district held on the 3lst day of July, 1863,
pursuant to notice, Leander Fisk was ap-
pointed Chairman of the meeting and j. II.
Lucas, Secretary.
After the object of the meeting was stated
by the Chairman To be the revision OF some of
the laws heretofore passed, il was moved and
seconded, that persons now owning, or here
after locating placer mining claims III this dis
trlct shall not be compelled TO work the same
for tho purpose of preserving their rights, u'-
I'll the lst day Of May, 1870.
Motion voted upon and carried.
Moved and seconded that the clause i'll the
miners laws, relating TO the extent Of claims,
be so amended as TO read, ''gulch and creek
claims hereafter located shall be two hundred
feet up and down the gulch or creek, and one
hundred feet each side Of the channel; and
that hill, bench and bank claims be two hun
hill"
1t was moved, as an amendment, that a COM
mittce of three be appointed to revise the
miners laws. The amendment was voted
upon and lost.
1t was then moved and seconded to amend
the motion so aS To read, Bar or bench
Claius shall be two hundred feet front and
back into the bar or bench four hundred feet -
The amendment was voted upon and carried.
The motion as amended was then put to vote
and carried.
Motion to adjourn was made and carried
LEASDEE FISK, Chairman.
j. Ii. Lucas. Secretary.
The Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1869-1872, 1869-08-07

join with us in the struggle for happiness and
prosperity. .
Resolved, That we do not consider it "be-
meath the dignity Of American citizens" to
raise our voices in defense of rights guaranteed
to all who own that honorable title, for we
claim that our citizenship is of more value to
the nation, and our interests and welfare para
mount to the tolerated rights of horde of
poems, mere transient dwellers on our shores,
whose only aim is to drain the land Of its sub
stance and leave desert waste where peace
and plenty now reigns.
ReSolued, That 10 the papers OF the State
who have spoken kindly word for our cause
We feel deep gratitude; those who decry us We
will hold in merited contempt.
Resolved, That these resolutions be published
in the Territorial Enterprise.
The Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1869-1872, 1869-08-07
News Items.

IT is asserted that in case Senator Morrill,.
of Maine, should receive the vacant United
States Judgslip of Maine, Governor Cham
bcrlnin will he the next United States Senator.
Others thinl. that Speaker Blaine i the Com
ing man" for that position.
THE Raritnn and Delaware Bay Railroad
will hc sold on the 18th of September, under a
writ of .frry fdci1S, issued 10y the Court of
Chuuccry, at the suit Of Charles j. Hrndrick-
son and Stewart Brown. comlplainan;s, who
al" holders of mortgages.
\ dreadful accident occurred Aug. 3D. ut
Dresden, ia Al coal mine IN the mountain dis
tuct near that city. over 3OO persons were
kIilrd outright. No particulars, but the acci-
dent Is sid to have been attributable To stormy
weather.
Az Indian murdered a Chinnman near Fort
Churchill last week, for his money, and got
81 20, n watch, and ono five-shooter. He got
To- Dragging among his friends and got arrested
the result Of not keeping his cricket masher
shut.
4 man by the name of Morris was shot and
instantly killed on Monday last, in Ynmhill
county, Oregon. The assassin was Secreted
III the brushes 10y the roadside Supposed to
be on account Of al old feud.
PATRICK McCANN tried to drown a young
lady named Etty Wade, while bathing Mt Concy
Island on Sunday, because she repulsed an
attempt at indecent liberties He was nr-
rested.
The late John A. Roblings, by will, leaves
his business manager 100000; to the Trenton
Childrcn's Home, $4,000; Trenton Widows
Home, Slj, 900; his widow, 800, 900, and each
Of his children, 100000.
Is consequence of the number Of counter
frits in circulation, Secretary Boutwell, is GO
ing Ia issue an entire new set of greenbacks,
recalling the old ones as fast AZ convenient.
IT is predicted that partisan animositics are
| so violent III Tennessee ms to assure the cleo
| tion of Legislature that will elect Andrew
! johnson to the Senate of tho United States.
! Tux jamaica negroes, residents of San Fran.
! CISCO celebrated their emancipation anniver.
sary mt Hogs Park on the ID. The American
negroes refused to join with them.
LoNG BRAHCn Hotel was robbed of $4,000
worth of diamonds on Saturday, the 3lst ult
The thieves were arrested and the property re'
covered.
SPRAGUE won't pay Miss Craig il he can helr
it. lie has taken an appeal to the Supreme
! Court.
THE university boat raco between Harvard
and Yale colleges resulted in the victory of tn,
Harvard crow.
FRNSK MCCoPrIS is again nominated by thu
Democrats for Mayor Of San Francisco.
The Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1869-1872, 1869-08-07

An AScIEST SsuFF-Box.-Mrs. Frederick
Augustus Heistor, living in the vicinity Of
Gniesburg, has snuff.boS which Frederick
the Great, of Prussia, gave TO her husbands
great grandfather, Henry Mclichor Mullen
berg n Lutheran clergyman, born in Germany,
and educated mt Halle and Gottingon. Howns
the friend of Frederick the Great, and by him
was presented with this fine porcelain snuff
box, trimmed with silver. Honry'Muhlonberg
was the first Lutheran clergyman who came
10 tho United States, establishing tho first
church in Virginia. His son, Frederick Au-
gustus Muhlenberg was the FIRST speaker of
tho first Congress Mt Philadelphia. General
Muhlcnberg, Of tho Revolution, was also his
son. Maria, the daughter Of Frederick Au-
gustus Muhlonberg, married John S. Hester,
and their son, Frederick Augustus Heister,
lately deceased, was the husband Of tho lady
who has the snuff-box in question. She has
also y large amount of Continental money that
her husbands grandfather received during tho
Revolution
The Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1869-1872, 1869-08-07
Workingmeu's Convention.

From the Territorial Enterprise Of the 81,
we clip the proceedings of the convention:
The Convention of Workingmen met yester-
day forenoon at the appointed hour, James
Phelan in the Chair. A committee on creden-
tials was appointed. when the Convention ad-
journed till O'Clock p. III.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01
PICNIC Or COMPANY v. tGaTy-foUaTH REGIMENT n G.
SHY

The second annual picnic and festival OF Company
II, Eghty-fourth regiment N. G. S. N. W took place
yesterday at Jones' Wood Notwithstanding the
somewhat threatening aspect of the weather large
majority Of the company turned out and at an
early hour, accompanied by the band Of the reRi.
ment started Tor the scene Of the days festivities
From the time Of the arrival Of the soldiers until an
advanced hour in the evening large numbers Of the
friends OF the members Of Company II and OF the
at nine O'Clock quite large crowd had gathered to
join In celebrating the recurrence Of the festival The
amusements were OF the usual character at gather
ings OF the kind, and were joined In with genuine
enthusiasm by the majority Of the persons present.
Dancing commenced early in the afternoon and
means so large as at later hour, very enjoyable
time was had. In the evening when the woods were
lighted up very lively scene was presented. The
dancing platforms were covered by the deyotees OF
Terpsichore and, to the music OF the band the happy
crowd kept themselves In continual motion as dance
followed dance In rapid succession. Those who
were not inclined 70 join IN the pursuit OF the plea
sures OF the dance either wandered about the
grounds or made up pleasant little parties
around the tables, where they divided their
or in hilarious mrth over their favorite beverage OF
lager beer. The young people almost universally
sought the amusement provided upon the platform,
while the elder persons c0ntented themselves with
sitting In the vicinity and watching the Joyous
couples as with tripping feet they chased the Meeting
not carried out and the failure OF That one was no
fault OF Company II, inssmuch as they had no control
over the matter The advertisements stated that 1t
would be moonlight festival, but the caprcioua
queen o. night did not put in an appearance, IT, in
deed. she happened TO be on this side OF the 1rma-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01

A SINGULAR CAsR.--On sunday night young lady
came 10 this city from Michigan, attended by o
young man. She appeared TO be ILL., apr was taken
ID carriage 10 house In the eastern part OF the
city. That night she died, and on Monday her
corpse taken westward, The case attracted the
attention OF the police, who made inquiry Into the
circumstances. They ascertained that the y0ung
woman had been III OF consumption for some time,
and expressed desire to see an aunt residing here.
The attending physician expressed the belief nlat
no injury could result from gratifying the pjfi,
and she was brought here as stated. on coming
into the presence OF her aunt she was greatly ex-
cited and soon sank away and died. The excitement
NAV have hastened her death but she could not
have long survived, % her maiady would have
eooner or later proved fatal Rochester Union.
yUs.e "a
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01

Dean Philips: oseisstsxn. 81: > Hsos.sy. YGSsc a.
AIvEsTos june a I-tSs Ssrf Ps;OcHsr Bbbsr.
vi s:S
Boston Pqllwintls sgr.sSs RSslaPa 81
: S:,ss 81 T.
Sailed Brig navsIock dsr; schM Undine, Nsuss,
E Sa En aSKss %Scs o: fS 3
on b. and .s Will;
ssys hss Gs smith, sss kS;
Dssl sss
MYSTIC, June Sa-Arved, schr Oregon, Trbble Eliza
NV ORLEANS June as-Bslow, coming up. bark Trial.
PAssAI oyrss . Arrived .ohr E.na, eoodspssd.
,NEwByRYP0RT, June ss-Arivsd, schr Martha Pike.
tsss v "a
ss.: p %
si s' 5s:ss 'fss;
s'' z '' IT,
ssfs s;t
s .cs Ger Ger xSo1n
Thomas, Arnold, ssco Ethan AlIsp. Blake, d9rdinsri
ton h R1'P Noaerson fon1 s
ship General Dulcs sph from Jago, Cuba, for Phiisdsi
GisarsdSSrs Msrriw., w.srhou.e Turks Island schrs
as
Lah Rich Paddock, Providence; May, Baker Nay
S sn
Bedford; Darling Free Rockport; Mary Haley, Haley.
Norton, Orient Il Als.andsr Baker and Robin Hood Xd
New London Backrnan JONES' Brisoi' Isaac Van
LEwHs Del, June 20 Banks Ermlna, FOR Rotterdam and
Blair Atho FOR Falmouth went to sea 18th Ship Tyrc for
Cardenas John sanderson Pctou; Clara Gibbs,
Boston, and sGhr Whses bound east went to sea yss
pPENs1GoLX. June sl-ceared. brig Kossack Elliott.
PORTEANp June Arrived, brig Frank Allen, Clark,
% sSo bsS
PORTSMOUTH, June 2o-Arrived. schr Helen Holway.
PR6viDENCE, june ss-Arrived, schrs La1se Watson,
Watson, Savannah Wave Crest Rawley deorgetown Dc
xbeli Fowler AImira Rowland, Rowland; r W Brain
ard Tbble Geo Conovsr, Robbins Jas Englsh Barker
Pawtacfet; Kate scranton Palmer James Freeman, FL
bridge, and John g Baxter, Jones, NYork.
wharton. Sonsa ihsdephis iI hosisOS ss~man
Evans Mahan Connecticut Stephenson, and Chance Shot,
June ;s.%:Ag Isaac Bell
SAN FRHNClsS So june as0xIsl1ed bark Prsie. Paul
' ss.d b. .Sp: RADIANT ch.. Iv.rpoo Annie sss
@ Pig ": 9 Ss pa
Criterion Gates for Chincha. to load for Antwerp bark
% sa,i y aSs
Natansas; brig Mary Celeste, Haines, Barbados.
Soth-Arrysd sssmshps Ban JacntO, Atkins and Hunts
ssssd-Bsit vsssaiinasn (Nor,, Falmouth.
Soa6 d :Sn or s fn
TAUNTON june 2s~saied, scHrs Hazston, Gardner, Phi
uas N kss sn sYSr1 bark West Wind
Orr, Donaldson Galveston.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01
CaGI0a A0ulDucT DEPARTMENT..

Proposals were received and opened by the officers
OF this department and the Comptroller yesterday
for paving the streets named below with Nicoson
and McGoneaal wooden pavements and Fisk con-
crete pavement. There was only one bid for each
job the Nicolson Pavement Company bidding for the
Nicolson pavement jobs, the McGonegal Pavement
Company and the Fisk Concrete Pavement Company
each bidding for the work in their respective INES
The streets TO be paved and the amount Of the pro-
posais are as follows
Nicolson pavement-Twenty-f fourth street. from
First TO Madison avenue, S42,2l0; time, $40 days.
Fourteenth street, from University place TO Eighth
avenue, $75,S75; time, SIS days. Dey street. from
Broadway TO West street. $27 400; time, 200 days.
Cortlandt street, from Broadway to Greenwich
street, sl0,435 tune, eighty Gays. Thirty third street,
from Madison TO Fifth avenue, 1892; time, sixty
days. Twcnty-seventh street. from Fifth to SIKH
avenue, $4o7o; time 100 days. Twenty ninth street,
from Eighth to Ninth avenue, $H07s time, 100 days.
McGonegal pavenent-Twenty-1r first street, from
Fourth to Fifth avenue, $13, $40; tme ia days.
Lexington avenue, from Twenty-Arst to Thirty
fourth street. S55 400; time 500 days. Twenty-1fth
street, from Third to Madison avenue, s22, 437 90;
time, l75 days. waverley place, IRON broadway to
Christopher street. s43937 SO: time, 225 days.
Fisk concrete pavement-l22d street, between
Second and Third avenues, 1893; time, rs days.
1850 street between Second and Third avenues,
S5,96l; time, Is days.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01

scss s.nSn Burger jacobs from Taunton for New York.
sss f Ss, ssa for
ssir James Deputy, ssursss, from Providence for Al
h.s s .% for for Rom
s,s9q ~ for 3 Esx York
sehr Free Wind Frisbse from Greenwich for Philsdel-
x sshr sails Burton Palmer, from New Haven for New
r. KIM 5sE E.s:e York
scSr Alsn 5ssss' Rom MGR r.snpor for r. phsSspSa
from f So fs Albany os New York.
" schr George Downing, Mott from Gienwood for New
schr HarsArstta warrenton, from Glen Cove for New
soop Gold Leaf Smith, from New Londoz for New York.
BOUND EAST.
Brig Nazarene Br) Murphy from New York for Windsor
Brig Aurora tBr Jolymor from New York for Cow Bay,
BsmUas E o2 s Ss
scnr Edward Even AcAlinder from Philadelphia for New
schr Morning Light Ireland from Philadelphia for New
schr Little, Little from Philadelphia for bingham.
%sssSa fo sn for r Sssss
schr VIM Peck, Bunce, from Elisabehpor for Hunting
sehr Il Gibson, Lincoln, from Elzabsthport for Hy-
sehr Henry Lemue Jarvis. from Elisabethport Har
schr Justice Briggs. from Essbe.hport for South Fer
chr Mckay Lynch from Readou for for Hartford
Schr American Chief Snow, from Rondout for Boston,
Schr Joseph Hall Miller from Rondout for Portland Ct.
Fall River.
schr Edwin Tyler Smith from N.wburg Portland.
Sr ws bcSs@pp c G NesSrS gs %
schr A Randall Rodgers, from Newburg for Provi
,sohr Henry oastoG Knowles, from Newburg for Provi
Schr Cornelius, Pratt from Hoboken for Norwich.
echr . IylerI Pratt from = for Proyidence
Schr Mary Willis, Murray, from New York for Cow Bay
schr Long Island, Gallagher, from New York for Cow
Schr Hero, Pool, from New York for Salem.
Schr hangbam. Chase, from New York for Prov
-dence.
schr John Medley, Barlow, from New York for Prov
uence.
Scbr Compromise, Barlow, from New York for Taunton.
Bay.
schr Riverdsle Norris from New York for Gloucester.
6chr Nail, Mead from New York for Greenwich.
witch.
schr Daniel Webster Parker from New York Boston.
Schr 70 Semitic, Martin, from New York for Roslyn.
schr Wellington, Barlow, from New York for Bangor
schr Julia Rich, Patton from New YORK for Ellsworth
schr George 0ilum, Rankin, from New York for Port
schr Williams, RUSSELL from New York for Portland, c.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01

POTATOES IN THE PR0vINcBs.-A few days since
potatoes were sold at st. john by auction Tor four
teen cents bushel, ana the following extract from
the North Star shows they are now worth but seven
teen cents on Prince Edward Island. Were u not
for the duty Of twenty-five cents q bushel in gold,
they would come to the United States In great guam
tties:-
This spring we believe there are not less than 10000
bushels OF potatoes in the country which farmers
want market. These sold for q shilling bushel
but would be worth double that 81 had free trade
with the United States On this article alone the sand
minon Is any the better OF for H. Those who opposed
getting Reciprocity Independently Of tho reghborng colo.
policy which cruelty sacrifces the peoples welfare to
0euseesa idea.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-01
Weather Along the Coast.


Captains and Purses Of Vessels arriving this port will
please deliver ali packages intended for the HERALD
regularly authorized agents who attached Steam
Yacht feet The New York Associated Press do now
collect marine reports attend 70 the delivery Of packages
will be by the following extract from the proceedings
of the regular monthly meeting, held March g. 1885,:
Resolved, That and after April 1885, the Associated
Press will discontinue the collection Of ship news the
harbor Of New York. Passed unanimously.
NJ The Once OF the HERALD steam yachts JAMES and
JRANNRTTR is at whitehall sip All communications from
owners and consSnees TO the masters Of inward bound
sells will be forwarded FREQ Of charge.