The Republican journal., 1869-01-14

GULF RAJ COLLEGE,, BY CiiARIESil /. Fl-lNi
GENTLEMEN: Diaries are Of different
kinds, the town dairy, the butter and cheese
dairy, where the work is associated and
carried on at factory, and the family dairy.
The first step in our course is to become
acquainted with the stock generally used,
and those that should be used for dairy pur-
poses. Those more generally used at the
present time, are what are called native.
The origin of this stock is so very obscure,
have endeavorcd by an examination of the
colonial records to ascertain from whence
they came, and what were their original
characteristics. The first cattle that came
TO America were landed at Jamestown in
l6OS, and several lots were Imported to that
colony in the following years. These cat
tie were shipped, some from England, from
Ireland, and some from the West Indies
SO important v-cre cattle deemed to the
colony that an ordinance was passed with
the scverest penalties to prevent them from
being killed. and ia go they had increased
IN numbers to several thousand. The first
cattle brought to the Plymouth Colony were
imported by Governor Wins!ow ia 1924.
The importation consisted Of three heiters
and bull. They belonged to lhe colony,
but We're placed in the hands OF individuals
to be cared for for a term OF years, when
they were to be returned to the proper Off
GERS with their increase. Others We're
brought III soon after and distributed in the
same manner. These cattle had no uni
tormity Of color; some were black, some
red, and some white. About 1850. one
hundred and thirty head were landed and
distributed among the settlers in Salon and
its vicinity In 1888 the Dutch at New
\ ork brought cattle from the Texal, which
pany Not far from 1927 the settlers in
Delaware supplied themselves with cattle
from Europe. During the years 1851, '32,
aud '33, Mason brought quite number of
cattle TO the province OF NewHampshire.
These cattle came from Denmark. The
business of the NeWllampshire settlers was
mainly the manufacture of its forests into
potash, and Mason selected the Denmark
cattle for their remarkable working quail
ties. They were large boned, strong and
hardy, and laid the foundation Tor the best
breed Of working cattle IN the world. Thus
Won from whence our native cattle
sprang. From England, Ireland, Holland
Denmark and the West-Indies, and some
probably from Sweden. They were Of no
uniform race or breed, aud as the colonies
frequently exchanged their stock they soon
became perfectly mixed. Cattle were
brought to Carolina from abroad in 1910,
t, II, lot
time they were brought to Nova-Scotia, and
thence sent over Canada. An old writer
says: "The Virginia cattle were very little
cared for and poorly kept, that they were
pastured in the woods and swamps and We're
small and lean" "That their manure was
not applied to the fields, for lald was plenty,
and after one farm was ruined it was aban-
doned and another taken up" Cattle in
creased rapidly in This country, especially in
the Eastern States and we find that in $50
raising cattle and making butter and cheese
was Il great business. AT that time dairies
numbering from twenty-five to fifty COWS
were common in Rhode Island and Massa-
chusetts. Some improvements had been
made III their stock, but none had com
menced course OF breeding according to
the principles OF physiology IN fact, at that
time this had not been done i'll Europe
Then the object aimed al was TO make the
largest cattle = to secure the greatest
amount Of bone. Prizes were given for
size, without regard to symmetry Of form
and ability to tatten. 1t was Bakewell who
started the idea Of raising cattle that should
give the greatest amount OF meat for the
food consumed. He was seconded by other
breeders, and so carefully and scientifically
did they proceed that their efforts were sue
ccsstul. In 1910 Comet, one OF their I'M
proved bulls was sold for one thousand
@uinea-. Aud at their great sale seventeen
cows were sold at auction al q price aver
aging seven hundred aud forty dollars per
head. In 1866 Tomkius commenced to
breed the Heretords, and with 50 much sue
cess, that at the auction sale Of his stock in
1919, the average price received for them
was four hundred and iorty-tive dollars.
The prices were not fictitious, but were for
value received, for the markets OF those
later years showed that the average weight
OF the slaughtered beef in England had risen
from four hundred to eight hundred pounds,
and at the same time the age had been re-
duced one year-lrom five to four. Our
breeders, instead OF taking our hetcro@ene-
Gus stock to breed from, awaited themselves
OF this advantage, and when they really
commemorate improve their cattle imported
the foreign breeds. There are two modes
by which this improvement III cattle can be
attained, and there is wide difference be-
tween a breed and a race. A race OF cat
tie is one that is distinctive TO the country
which it inhabi4, and where it has been
kept for Il long series OF years. BY proper
and persistent effort a whole race may be
The Devons are IA sample OF an
improved race. Breeds Of cattle are made
by selectin" individuals OF IA race that are
fer certain qualities, and then
to breed them distinct with great care for
years. The Durhans aud Ayrshie5 are
specimens of breeds of cattle Such ami
mails, whether they belong o race or
breed, possess certain fixed and distinct
qualities, and the power to transmit those
qualities 10 their progeny. To build up a
breed requires the most exact care and
scientific knowledge, and more time than
the life OF one man. From this il follows,
that grade or scrub does not belong to any
fixed breed, and will not with certainty
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