davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

Mr. Lawson Clnrke, Of Masoa county, XIV, says the
Mayssie Bulletin, has son about twenty Years of
age who has been confined . his bed all his life,
having no use whatever of bis legs arms. He has
be led as child at the hands of his mother, or
other person; is hearty il appetite and healthy
III appearance, but very thin. He talks SO as to be
easily understood by any of his family, but safti-
centlg plain 20 be understood by Strangers The most
extraordinary feature in this is the cunning
oalaf which the Young man hes OF his tongue. If
you put lhmhlefui Of beads in his mouth, he can
string them much rapidly than little girl can
with ali Ordinary needle aud thread, and, after tile
beads strung be tie the ends of the string
neatly and securely could be done BY the fingers.
This is true, without least coarng and may be wit
messed ut any time upon visit to Mr. Carkes house.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07
NE WIS D EPOT,
CITY Post Office Building.

FKyHE undersigned would respectfully announce to
IL the citizens Of Shreveport thathe has established
in the City Post Office building,
A Legitimate News Depot,
where can be found for sale, at all times and at
duced prices all of the principal Political, Religious,
Scientific, Literary, and Comic
NEWSPAPERS OF THE DAY;
Also-Periodcas, Magazines, and Fashion Plates for
the Ladies and a choice selection of Sheet Music
for the Piano and Guitar.
The Depot will be constantly supplied with the art
Giles above enumerated by publishers in the principal
Lists Of Papers, Magazines etc. with prices, sent to
parties on application BY note or otherwise at the city
Post Office.
Soliciting the patronage Of the lovers of Literature
and Music, / have the honor to be,
VERY respectfully R. Z. RANKIN, JR.
Shrayenort Nav 1868 my27 tt
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07
Pass Christian College,

PASS CHRISTIAN, MISS.
Incorporated 1866, by the State Legislature.
CONDUCTED BY THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS.
The Academic Year Commences on the First
Monday Of October and ends July 81.
Tg1IIs delightful Watering Place is SO well known in
4 The South that it needs no euiogum Situated
on the Lake shore surrounded by shady pine groves
the charms and advantages Of each are easily imagined
when connected with college.
The studies, comprising the Collegiate, Commercial
and Preparatory departments embrace all important
branches taught in the best colleges of the country
TERMS:
Invariably in Advanee.1
BOARD Washing Tuition and Doctors Fee, per term of
five months. 21do w
Entrance Fee (paid only once1 ............. ~ ~
Vacation at College ~ i:,rt .,e ~ W
deposit of SIS for incidental expenses, stationery
&C., required If unexpended, returned
For particulars apply at the ONCE Of tins paper or
an1g1v Pass Christian, Miss.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07
The beautiful, but hcartess Countess Eelmansegge,

The beautiful, but hcartless Countess Kiemansegge
Hlo IL 1872 the mistress of Napoleon the First,
and died some time since at an advanced age has
left manuscript volume Of "reminiscences i'll which
She acknowledges that the famous Ernst Graf, who
committed suicide three years ago, at Dresden,
count OF his extreme poverty, was the son whom she
bore the great Emperor, ia 1913. She excuses her
refusal to acknowledge Graf as her the pretext
that she made in 1915, never TO admit that she
had laison with Napoleon tie First. Ernst Graf
bore tie most striking resemblance to his astrious
father In 1853 he went to Paris and tried to attract
lie attention of Louis Napoleon, but unable to
obtain anything at his hands At Mannheim, however
he had an interview with the old Grand Duchess Ste
phanie, nee Nile. de Beaularnas, who was believed to
have bad laison with Napoleon in 1911, and she
made him liberal present His applications to the
French Embassador at Dresden, though supported BY
very strong circnnsai.tial evidence that lie Tie
natural son Of Napoleon the First, remaned unsuc-
ceSsui.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

Mrs Grant has given her personal supervision to the
Fe,lurnishing of the White House. She WAS warmly
attached to the residence which she has just lcit and
she remarked few days SINCE that she should 20 to
the White House with reluctance. She proceeded to
remark ~ intend to make Mr.. Grant comfortable
there, and shall no doubt soon feel at home. l am
told that it has been customary to have the Commits
sioncr Of Public Buildings supcrintend the household
to considerable extent, but don't desire to have
any gentleman do that for me. | shall also engage
the steward and the servants and the stewards sal
airy is paid from The Treasury shall exercise great
care in selecting him-as under the tenure of Office
act shall not be able to get rid Of him"
[Wa shiuutnn Lott
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

TIE EAST CRUsnEs TIE WEsr-Don Pintt, the
Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati CONNER
cal, writes in recent letter:
/" With Boutwell, in the Treasury, and the House or
gansed by Mr. Blane in the interest of the New
England m0nopolies and Pcnnsy lvania pig iron, we
of the agricultural interests of the West may hang
our harps upon the willows, aud suffer outrage and
wrong for the four years. The vast power Of the
General Government will be driven with mercrs,
ssor car PROSTATE trade to enrich the already
wealthy nonop6sts Of New England and pennsy
vania. Orr grain may rot i'll barus and sheep
be killed to the taow and pclt, while party
has nearly t~othirds Of majority in Congress The
rich grow richer aad the poor poorer. | can tell my
political friends the West that tie day is not far dis
4ant when all the gories Of the late war; and all the
noble impulses i'll behalf Of colored humanity will not
save US A siciened and disguised people will be
sorely tempted to hand the Government over to the
hated copprrheads"
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

CLOTHING,
ROoTs AND SHOES,
Is Ladies, and Gents Furnishing Goods
of every description, =
II offers to sell at prices to suit the times. Having
purchased for CASH at first houses in New Orleans,
his facilities are unsurpassed for giving general sats
faction in prices and quality. Persons wanting
FALL CLOTHING.
or ANYTHING in the Dry Goods Clothing line IN
vited to call and examine the stocks which received
constantly and opened for the inspection purchaserr
The latest patterns for
ladies, and Misses Dresses. Trimmings, etc.,
ever received in this market, be found as above.
ofll A. WINTER
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07
Il. CO ? S,
Boot and Shoe Manufacturer,

Market Street between Texas and SPRING.
SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA.
YsSHE UNDERSIGNED, having purchased the shop,
4 stock, &c. of Mrs p. Trisrveer on Market street,
will continue the BOOT and SHOE business the old
Trierweiler stand and would respectfully solicit
nuanee of the liberal patronage heretofore extended
10 The establishment Having had much experience in
his ine feels assured of being able to give full sat
sfactinu all who favor him with thei patronage.
fe3 tt H. COPS.
81 BALES INDIA RAGGING-For sale by
~ 5ss0 If E. b. JACOBS
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07
NEW STOCK.
F. x. MULHAUPT,
Manufactures OF Lager Beer

Head Of Texas Street, Shreveport.
A Ii orders promptly filed for LAGER BEER of his
IA own manufacture. To20 df
SHREVEPORT BREWERY.
TIyIE undersigned respectfully informs the public that
z he has purchased from MIR. A. Schaifner, the we'll
known Shreveport Brewery, for the purpose Of con
tnuing the manufacture of LAGER BEER. All orders
from either the city or country, promptly filed
Address Box 261, Shreveport, L.. q. LINMAS.
Slare ra1inrt January ID lSEh.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

DRY GOODS
1900 pieces Prints, assorted English, French and
American.
40 bales Brown Domestic.
full variety Of bleached Domestic.
Lowes and Spun Yarns.
kerseys and Lnseys.
Ticking, Checks, Hickory Stripes.
Denms, Brown and Bleached Drilling.
Broadcloth Cassimeres.
Jeans, Twceds, SC, &c, &C.
223 cases Boots and Shoes, all descriptions.
400 dozen Mems, Boys and Children's Hats, of ell
qualities.
Shelf Goods of all descriptions.
For s.la eco - & n. IAG0RS-
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

HARDWARE
200 tons assorted Iron, Steel.
Blacksmiths', Carpenters Shocmakers' and Tan
ners Tools.
Castings and Hollow-ware
Table and Pocket Cutlery.
Spoons
Locks of all kinds.
500 kegs Nails Scissors.
Crockery and Queensware.
Glassware, Tinware, &C., &c.
For sale by $50 til f. 3. JACOBS.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07
7 o B "A @ @ O !!
TOE a C @!

NE are il receipt Of
500 BOXES CHEWING TOBACCO,
of the best brands purchased direct from the manu-
facturers in Missouri Virginia and Baltimore, which
Ne are now offe..Ag at NEW ORLEANS PRICES,
freight added. We offer bargains to those who pur-
chase BY the quantity.
mills If i. d b. JACObS.
TOBACCO! TOBACCO!
n OONEY. BUCKNER & CO., dealers in Saddlery
i i and Saddlery Hardware, corner of Texas street
and the Leree agents for all the Missouri Tobacco
Manufactures Tobaccssof all grades for sale in guam
titles suit purchasers at the manufacturers prices
freight added.
Shreveport, December IS, 1867. 1T
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

FFIRE Arms
large and varied assortment Of Fowling Pieces
and Pistols. For sale by
scott E.&B. JACOBS.
The south-western. [volume] (Shreveport, La.) 1852-1870, 1869-04-07

JLoTHlSe-
large stock of all qualities and Gentlemens Fur
nishinp Goods On band and for sale h.
san e F. & B. JACOBS.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
I'M EQUITY---ANDERSON
March 25, 1868
Feb IL, 1869

Thomas a. Sherarl and David j. Sherard vs..
Phnbe H. Shcrard. Jrpiha F. Wilson and wife
Eliza j., ct al.-BW for Partition ot Land, Re
ii.E sc.
IT appearing to my satisfaction that John T..
Presley aud wife, Martha s., two of the Dcfen-
,lanis in the above mentioned case, reside beyond
the limits of this State. On motion Of Whitner,
Comp. Sol,
Ordepcd, That the said Defendants do appear
and plead answer or demur to the snid complain
ants said bill of complaint within forty days from
the publication hereof or the same will be taken
pro cuufcssu ns to them.
JOHN w. DANIELS. c.cp.
Clerks Office April 6, 1863. 4l-6
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
SOUTH CAROLINA
LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY.
Authorized Capital, Five Million Dollars.
Present Limit, $5O0,OO0.

THE Office of this Company is now opened at
No. l9 Broad Street (South-Wcstern Railroad
Bank) for the receipt of Deposits, Discount of
Paper, Purchase and Sale of Exchange, and the
transaction of General Banking Business.
Interest allowed on Deposits upon terms estab-
lshed by the Board of Directors.
The Company is also legal depository for
moneys paid into Court, will receive Registry and
Transfer Books, act as agent to pay Coupons and
Dividends, and as Trustee in Railroad Mortgages.
DIRECTORS.
VIC Bee, of Wm Bee s. Co; S Johnston, of
Johnston. Crews & Co; Robt Mure. of Robt Mure
s. Co; W 3 Williams, of B Williams s. Son /; E
II Frost, of Frost s. Adger; J L Adger, of E
Adger & Co; Henry Gourdn, of Gourdin, Mat
tliessen s. Co; George Buist. of Buist & Bnist;
C Memminger, of Memminger. Jervey & Pinck
ney; 7 Kerr. of T J Kerr Il Co; ! D Aiken, of
J Aiken Co; John Campsen, Of Campsen &
Co: A p Caldwell. of r & A Caldwell; w X
Ryan. r Welsman, d ONeill, Gregg Gran
itevi!e. S C.
For further information address
GEO. S. CAMERON, President.
THOS. R. WARING, Cashier.
Charleston, S. c., March II, 1869. 39-13
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
twenty-five Dollars Reward

STOLEN, from the subscriber on the night of
the Srd day of February, 1863, Sorrel Stallion
COLT, three years old in April, of slender pro-
portions, round bodied, with two white hind feet,
and narrow blaze in his forehead. Both sides of
the Horse are marked with traces two marks on
each side. The above Reward will be paid for
the recovery of the Horse, and any information
regarding him will be thankfully received.
On the same night the horse was taken, negro
man left the neghborhood, and it is supposed
that he commited the theft. Said negro is about
five feet five or six inches high, weighs about l60
pounds, said to be twenty five years old, and is of
n dark color When last seen, lie had on IN old
broadcloth suit, and common scarf. He calls
himself Sam Johnson, and said he was raised in
Laurens District, but am informed that his right
name is Perry Gore, though sometimes heis called
Epb. Gore.
RICHARD DAVIS,
Brushy Creek, Anderson District, S. 9.
ANY information addressed to Newton Scott,
Anderson C. H., S. c., will be duly acknowledged
Feb 18, 1869 81
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
Cold Spring, Pickens Co., s. c.

THE HISTORY OF THE TUNE OF "D1xIE."
The Memphis Post tells this story Of
"Dixie: :"
"In the first place, the song and chorus
Of Dixie was composed and arranged by
Dan Emmet, a member Of a travelling
minstrel party, who while at Mobile IN the
winter of l847-'48, heard some negro Ia
borers singing on tile levec while loading
a steamboat with cotton. The thought
struck Dan that with little change Of
measure it could be made good song and
walk around which generally winds mp a
negro minstrel concert. Dan arranged it
and produced it. ltbecame a success, and
was sung and played ali over the country
by all the bands.
''ln the spring of 1861, Mrs. John Wood
came to New Orleans to play an engage
ment at Varieties Theatre. During the
time she appeared in Brougham's buresque
of Pocahontas. AT the first rehearsal OF the
piece everything went we'll until near the
close of the second act; Tom McDonough,
(now aren't for Lcttingwell,) the prompter,
got up Zouave march and drill by twenty
two ladies, led by Sui.n Denim. Every
thing ran smooth, but the music for the
march could not be fixed upon. Gallo
Patti was leader Of the orchestra, and he
tried several marches, but none suited
McDonough-on was too slow, another
was too tame, another not enough spirit.
At length Patti struck up the negro air of
Dixie "That will do, Patti-the very
thine" said Tom, and Dixie was played,
and the march gone through with, and the
chorus by all the characters. At night 1t
received double encore, and Pocahontas
had rum and from that time out the
streets and parlors rang with Dixie The
war broke out that spring, and the mill
tary bands took it up, and Dixie became
to the South what the Marscllalse Hymn
was to the French. And that S how Dixie
became the popular war song ofthe South.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13

Pretty GooD.-When Sheridan's fresh
thousands were cutting through and har-
RAISING the line of that terrible retreat
from Petersburg to Appottomax Court
House, they captured Bob H, a veteran
cavalryman. an ingram, dyed-inthe wool
tar heel. Bob was handed over to the
care of dapper New York sergeant, and
together they went to the rear, passing
long, almost interminablc lines of Grants
wagon train. Each strong well kept wag-
ON bore the huge letters U. S., and Bob
stared so intcntly thereat as to excite the
curiosity of his cap.or =.
"What are you staring at, Johnny Reb"
he inquired: "Neyer e, seen SO many wag-
ons before? Say! ;. j.,
"Wal, was just thlnkin,' Bob replied
dryly. ~
sWal, I was thinking you'uns is got
most as many of them ere wagons, mark
ed U. S. as we'uns has.'-Mytae Register
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13

WILL attend to buying and selling Southern
Lands. Keep constantly on hand, Plas and de-
scrpions of lands for sale. Parties desiring to
purchase in the South. and those who desire to
sell their property, will find it to their interest to
consult with us. We have correspondence in New
York Boston, Hartford, Conn, Baltimore and 9TH
er Northern cities.
Those who wish TO sell their lands will please
send us full description and plat and Deeds of
the same.
Parties wishing TO purchase, either North or
South. will do wei! to correspond with us. Will
be pleased at all times TO send Plat and de-
scrption of lands for sale by u.s. Any informa-
tion cheerfnlly given. No charge is made unless
sales arc effected. Reference given our card.
kEESE & McCCLLY,
Brokers and Real Esintc Agents.
Anderson G.. H.. S. G..
Dar Kromtr Courier copy six months and send
bill to this Office.
March %, 1860 80
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
IN EQUITY---ANDERSON.

Robert NJ. Gordon vs.. Alex. Gordon. Henry L.
Bruins, ct al,-BHi .for Partition, Relief &c.
IT appearing 10 my satisfaction that Henry l..
Bruins and children, Henry NJ. and Jennie Bruins,
james NJ Gardiner and children. William, james,
Euphcmia, Andrew, Margaret and Robert Gardi-
ncr, Defendants to the above mentioned Bill, re-
side beyond the limits of this State. On motion
of Whitncr, Comp Sol.
Ordered. That said Defendants do appear and
plead. answer or tlemur TO said Bill within forty
days from the publication of this Rule, or the
same will be taken pro confesso as to them.
JOHN W DANIELS, c.cp
Clerks Office, April g. 1860. 4l-G
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13

= When man accuses the sidewalk OF
trying to throw him into the street and
wet his clothes, he may be suspected of
having previously y wet his own whistle.
= Mr.. Muggins says there is no country
in the world where wives are more wor-
shipped than in France. lie regrets, how
ever. that all the admiration comes from
somebody clses husband.
"A number of exchanges are in favor
of premium on crow scalps. We object.
The premium on black is too confounded
high already. The people can't stand
more of it.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
Direct Railroad Connection with Cincjn-
natl and the Great Lakes.

The Legislature of Ohio has granted
authority to the city of Cincinnati to raise,
by loan or otherwise, the sum OF ten millions
of dollars, for the purpose of constructing
a ''Southern" Road, or Roads, which will
effect close and friendly connection be-
tween Cincinnati and the South, and the
whole Southern system of Railroads. 1t
is understood that the two objective points
to be reached arc Knoxville, Tennessee, and
Decatur, Alabama. This action of the
Legislature is equivalent to securing an
enterprise which, besides opening 10 Gin
cinnatl the extensive, fertile regions of
kentucky and Tennessee now inaccessible
and remote, will command directly and
develop greatly trade which Cincinnati
now only gets indirectly and expcnsively
through Baltimore or circutously and III Il
very small measure by the navigation OF
the Ohio and the Mississippi. This enter
prise will form the commanding line be-
tween the trade of the great lakes and the
South and ut no distant day be the great
highway for Cuban and South American
traffic in intertropical products which can
now only be supplied by Baltimore and
New York, and which now goes to make
up no inconsiderable portion Of the COM
merce of those great cities. The distance
from Cincinnati to Baltimore by the pres
ent railway connections is greater than by
the proposed lines to Charleston, Port
Royal and Savannah, as any one may as
certain by describing upon the map q cir
Gle whose centre shah be Cincinnati, hav-
inc q radius equal to the distance OF Balti-
more.
We regard this as the most important
of railroad enterprises for the development
of the South. Of course Cincinnati will
be the great railroad centre, the entrepet
for trade and commerce between the great
Lakes and the Southern Atlantic coast and
the Gulf. But its benefits to us will be
immense. Our trade with the West will
be direct, and will be greatly developed.
Now it is better to go to baltimore for
Ohio lard and bacon, and to Boston for
starch and Boston crackers made from
Ohio wheat, than to Cincinnati simply be-
cause we are debarred by slow, circuitous
routes and excessive rates i'll transporta-
ton. For the same reason it is better to
supply Cincinnati with cotton, yarns and
shce.lings and slirtings through New York
and Philadelphia. For the want of Just
such railroad connections with the West
nearly the whole of the domestic COM
mercc which naturally flow directly be-
tween the South and the West Is transpor-
ted double the distance and made subject
to the control and the manipulation of
Eastern brokers and spectators as middle
men.
The completion of the enterprise now
set OH foot in Cincinnati will be the dawn
of magnificent prosperity for the South
and increase that Of the West in the de-
vclopmcnt OF her manufacturing indus
tries. .-Chroniclc and Sentinel.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13

- When men apologize for their non
attendance at pubic worship, by saying
that the ministry can tell them nothing
but what they know already, it is by no
maans to be supposed that they are wiser
than their neighhors. And the poor de-
luded creatures who look up to such men
as to examples worthy of all imitation
would do we'll to remember that the meth
od bv which many expose their ignorance
is by making proclamation oftheir wisdom.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
@ A RD.
CHARLES KERRIS0N,

FORMERLY of the firm of C. & E. L. KERR1-
SON, would inform his friends and the public that
he las purchased from Mr.. JAMES Is. BELTS, all
his STOCK IN TRADE, &c, at the Store
NO. 252 KING STREET,
And will there continue the DRY GOODS BUSI-
NESS, Wholesale and Retail. FOR CASH, on his
own individual account and responsibility. He
will proceed, without delay, to replenish and re-
new the Stock, and continue so doing until the
assortment shall be made complete and attractive.
AS the terms will be strictly cash, or approved
city acceptance for short credit. it necessarily fol-
lows that the prices must be kept at least ms low
as 10 be found at any other respectable establish
ment.
Ills brother. Mr.. E. L. KERRISON, assisted by
Mr.. A. Is. MCDOWELL. both experienced mer-
chants in tins line, will be found Mt his store aid
ing in the conduct and management of the busi-
ness, and it is hoped that his and their efforts to
win the confidence and patronage of the public
will be as successful us in past days was the old
firm at corner of King md Market streets.
Feb ls, 1869 81 ON
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
TN EQUITY-..ANDERSON.

i. Frank Sloan VS. Vim. H. b. Gaillard and wife,
Sally T. et ai.-BM 10 Partition Real Estate.
IT appearing to my satisfaction that Murrah
Sloan. one of the Defendants to the above men
toned Bil resides beyond the limits of this State
On motion of Whilncr. Comps. Sol.
Ordered. That said Defendant do appear and
plead. answer or dcmur to the said Bill OF Com
plant within forty days from the publication here
of. or tho same will be taken pro confesso rs 10
him. JOHN w. DANIELS, c.c.r.
Clerks Office Anderson County,
March 81, 1859. 40-G
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
IN EQUITY---ANDERSON.

Matthew Brcazenle VS. David X. Brcazenle, ct al
Petition for DistriJntiee Share to pay Debts, sc.
IT appearing to my satisfaction that the Defen-
dant, ID. H. Breazcale resides beyond the limits
of this State. On motion of Whitncr, Pro. Pet.
Ordered That said Defendant do appear and
plead, nnswor or dcmur to the above stated Pcti-
ion within forty days from the publication hereof
or the sumo will be taken confessed by him.
JOHN W. DANIELS, C.C.p.
Clerks Office, Anderson C. H.. s. c.,
April H. 1863. 42-6
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1869-05-13
TN EQUITY-..ANDERSON.

April l3. 1869.