New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-07-13

higher IMAM IN OJutf UI lNt cldltb
a. j, shown by the following estimate Of the Department
OF Agriculture Tor 1865:
NeW-Eork. ................. % 90 50 90 $500
g g g s go % t9oS
Hew-Jersey though twentieth in population is sixth
IN the value of its mauuf ctures, and is yet capable OF
producing food Tor all It's people aud In rdue OF crops 1t
dOes sOif 1t does not IN kind The value Of luapuhc-
tuTcd articles Is steadily Ou the increase. Newark Is the
third city the Union I'm The value of It's manufactured
products The pOtteres OF Trenton are more extensive
than any OthCru country. Tie glass manufacture
r. very large More than half the zinc products IN the
Uuion are mined and manufactured ia Ncw-Jersey.
About oueeigh OF all the iron in the country is taken
o mines and the state stands fth in the amount
Of iron made"
There is a tone of pardonabe pride in this language
which the figures abundanty justify. The iron-produc-
M regions OF New-Jersey present exception to the
general geological rule which almost invariably assOc
aztec iron with coal In the State of NewJersey the coal
measures are entirely wanting aud the only fuel found
besides wood is Ignite and peat All the other geologi
raj formations to find place in NewJersey the
lower systems being found in the northwestern portions
Of the State and the upper in the southeastern the
strike being northeast and southwest the dip south
east As would naturally be inferred from this fact the
northern and northwestern regions the most diver
sincd by mountains and lakes
To the southern and southeastern portions Of the State
belong the more recent formations They are compara
lively level though very well by abundance
of huc The cretaceOus system forms belt fol-
lowing the Trenton branch Of the Camden and ArbOy
railroad TrentOu and from there follows the Delaware
river to the head of Delaware Bay Its width at its
extremity is 27 miles at its western extremity,
1O9 IL comprises IN descending order, the following
series viz: Upper mari bed, yellow sand middle mari
bed, red sand, lower mari bed, clay marls. plastic
clay. The strike Of these strata follow
general course Of W. referred to the merd-
lam The dip at right angles TO this, or $50 T. The
degree Of dip average about 80 feet TO the mile
The band of fertile red sand standing fourth list,
may be readily traced the Navesiuk Highlands
through Red Bank, Freehold and Mount Holly, to the
City Salem the head Of the Delaware Bay But the
geological Characteristic Of the New-Jersey creaceOus
system undoubtedly the formation. Prof Cook
does not exaggerate one whit when he says:
The mari which has been described in the preceding
pages has been Of ncalculable value 10 the country in
which 10 Is found II has raised from the lowest stage
Of agricultural exhaustion 10 high state Of improve
mont. Found IN places where capital and but little
avail themselves Of its benefits Lands which, in tue old
style OF cultivation, had 70 lie alow by the Of mari
lug Thousands Of acres Of lands which had been
out ana ett IN commons are now by the use Of tins fer
tzer yielding crops Of the finest quality. Instances are
pointed ont eyorywhele In the mari district farms which
IN former times would not support family but are now
making their owners rich by their pIOducyeness. Bare
sands. by the application Of mar are made 10 grow
clover, aud then crops OF corn, potatoes. and wheat
what supposed 10 be pine barrens by the mari
are made into fruitful land The price OF lands in this
region considerably below that in the northern part
Of the state forty years that the lands
proved their prices are higher than those IN the north
trn part OF the state though even mere they are higher
than anywhere else ID the United States In 1880, Thos.
Gordon said OF these hands:
II would be difficult TO calculate the advantages
which the State has gained and will yet derive from the
9se OF mari IL nae ieauy saVea some districts from
depopulauOn aud increased the inhabitants OF others,
and may day contribute TO convert the sandy aud
pine districts Into regions OF agricultural wealth"
In order 10 present more forcby the fact Of the vast
change brought about in these lands by Of
maria change almost unparalleled in the history Of az
rcutuTeOur author quotes the following from Morses
American Universal Geography. edition Of 1919:
"The greater part at least iourihs the six south
They produce little else but shrub.Oaks and yelow-pues
The inhabitants raise a little maize, rye, |
salt meadows aud by fishing ON the shores and the
creeks and rivers"
The six alluded are Monmouth (which then
ncnded Ocean,, Burlington, Gloucester (which then in
cluded Camden and Atlantc) Salem, Cumberland and |
Cape May Our author then shows by the census report
OF 1850, nat at present he highest prices for land and The
largest amount Of agricultural products are from these per
SIR southern counties and from those chere mart Is found
The Professor ncnes the belief that the great value
OF the mari is mainly owing to the phOsphoro acid which
II contains. 1t probable we think that the large per
censge Of Of the best marls contain adds
not little, by its retentyeRes the benefits conveyed
by this fertilizer 20 sandy and eachy soils Large com
panes have been formed In different parts Of South Ter
sey the mining OF this valuable product which IA fur
nshed at 81 tun Of 20 bushels delivered at any point
on the Rarltan and Delaware Bay Railroad Scarcely
second mari a fertilizer the vast deposits Of
muck found in this and the tertiary formations.
The tertiary and recent formations commence at the
Termination OF the system and repose directly
on the upper mari beds They extend thence 70 the
ocean, and comprise the Counties OF Ocean, Burlington
Camden Gloucester Salem. Cumberland, and Cape May
that the counties named in the report above
referred TO- as which the land the most valu
able. The tertiary formation Of Sew-Jersey consists
largely Of what Prof Cook terms dG clan ana Gravel
OF IT, he says:
The dr6 clay and gravel Is found everywhere overly
ing the other beds. IL Is composed OF oamy clay and
pebbles OF white quartz, sicihed fossils fedspathc rock
etc, with variable quantities OF sand interyed. The
sand 10 81 duercnt degrees OF huenes, and usually quito
reddsyellOw from the presence Of olIdC - iron. In
places II Is almost all sand, and In OtACis II contains
much clay that 10 Is good brick earth, aud IN few
instances II is 30 pure clay 10 be used for 1rebrek
This material ~ found everywhere the higher grounds
aud larger portion Of the surface than any other
Itcan be seen In the excellent land a mile or
two north Of Toms River; 10 is cut INTO In almost
every ridge along tho kartan aud Delaware Bay Rail
road: 10 constitutes the hills aud ridges between
Cedar Bridge and Barnegat Il most of the hgh
ground the central part Of tie state IN Burlington
County ALMOST cutting the line Of the Camden