, 1869-04-07

efAfCns 3QX2[ or RluIe0. III test LIN 4eatE hAV
seed conta!nA = sufficient amount Of p1anf-food TO
form tts roots and seed learea, after which the
elene1ts Of growth mabs be supplied 70 Il, either
from tho coil OF the atmosphere, or both. We
must admit that manures do supply planf-food; for
4 We steep them IN WATER. and spxtnkle this On
the Soil tt4 effect may be seen IN abort time and
ldr tbs reaso1 when rapid EToHth il desired the
KardenAr uses' tquid manure, ot waiter In which
the manure has been steeped. We h1so know tnAt.
however rich 4 sou Hay oe, Il 1t Is 70 compact that
the air cannot penetrate II, that the plant viii not
commlnused The rain water waahes the atmoa.
phere OF ammonia and othe, gases snd carries
them Into tbs soi, and - the SOL has
greater Atinlty for. these gases than
tho rain wRter, It holds them for the
use Of the plants: 80 far the soil Is . ptant1ood
holder. Now to accomplish ttlta tho water, after
being dtvested Of these gases, should pass ou
through the subso, or 1t least sinE below the
strata that holds these gases. for the plants can-
NOT ahsorh this food while in tho water, and only
from the damp Bou after the water has parted
nom them snd placed itin the keeping Of the so1.
We can zee why sandy soils are Of SO little sR.ue
for many crops for they have no ability to hold
ammonia and other properties Of piant-footi, and
these pass down through the soil beyond the reach
Of the roots. Such sol needs clay and muck TO
act as 1ocd-ho1ders for the plants A heavy clAy
soil hA2 the game eject for it prevents the water
from pasatng through It, md consequently the
gases cannot be absorbed by!s nor can the roots
penetrnte It In search Of food The remedy Tor
this Is deep tagt in pnrt, and then. also, An ap-
plicauon Of anurc Thla changes the texture Of the
soil, makes Ii open to tho admission Of water and
air, through whose agency the gasea are intro
duced to tho roots, colors the son hy the humus
Of the manure, which increAsea the power TO ab-
sorb the suns rays and permits ihc roots to s1av-
e1se tho soil In search Of food, BY increasing the
sponR1oles or mouths Of the roots, bT which tho
plant-foot Is absorbed Into the circulation Of the
zap vessela, taten IN the leaves aud sent back to
build M the sohd structure Of the plant, Or 10 hi
Its seeds with starch, gluten and other elemen u
peculiar to our farm And garden cropAA
It will thus be seen that nnely comminuted sol,
that Is often stirred, will produce great crops with
out manure, providing its texture l. such that It
will absorb the gases from the atmosphere; that
the farmer must rely more on good, clc1n, thor
ouSh culture than highly concentrated fertilizers,
for these must Be greatly diluted with watet to
make them valuable The fact ta, We hare over
done the mznure bustness In seeking those COIL
metcal fertilizers which acted only ae plant-food,
and overlooked those that not only supplied plant
food, but changed the texture and color OF the
soil. We n, 1t give more attention to keeping the
soil open to tho sis. The thin crust that forms
nfter heavy rain 1unst oe broken
up II once, or the growth Is retarded
IN Illinois farming we use but Little naanurc, un-
dor thr de,n1ton That our sofl IA Alrsatiy rch
enoprh. nract,rattr ,unn-.no tbe facts a,,oye
st.,ed tbaf ,h.rr m other xs1uea to manure than
~ ,1s-,. nrtr1,nns e,cmenta n animal NJ n1ant,
roS.1
wo n.ro .ncn a email nrono-tion ~, s,ndr snfIs
,bs; e NM na,s tnsn arsr and t,e,t Of orr nraI-
RE clay and clay loauA In the nrst PLACE We must
-, ~ ~ -,rfnre o- s+acnant ,ntar on +hat III,
Lii water can carr the cnses down into tne soil
and teavr them knbtect In the dtmnnts of tho
ntantx. II xe tnunot ti1e~d,.tn lands that
.rc ,t t4,ne1 aar,ra.ef With water we can ndow
into tends no to four rods wide, and thus iecp
thrn fre. NJ surface water. have been In the
nr.r,r NJ rxr1no ff,es.. lands tro rpd4 wide. hit
amor cons,dcr,hIe experience. prefer them four
rode a 3ar1r nrpportion Of oar psairte
NM, srr henr,red- In thIs -rA,. Va
nav con,tnne n tnrov rna ea.tn towards
N. r~nt,r ror. s-vevai ; yanra snh thus
+.rs rot ,snass a nre.tv ,horo1oh drainage. This
5a.,ans 1ns so,1 g,thsna an, cost. ar,in, IN
thsEurf.rn wnter. nnd the onyy drawtact 1. TIM
drrn de.a fu,rnx. OCCURRING ever four rrda.
when W. are rrt,y tn Iav low,. tile this dead fur
INV viii be of ya,ue for 20 mnch Of The e3carauou
II acsomnl,.nea Amer the DRAINAGE ia disposed
oy. We nc1t come 10 the question Of
/ rr1yKRIz1s0 1ug so11.
r., .rdorv,., N. roo,a rn,v ,.nn+r,,s II t, MI Al
rnc.,ona n accordance VIM I'm natural hnh,t II
| trc na-r,cn,tr ran rar1tus Imn,amenta are use1
ror th,a nn,7.,sr Int nth ns ,hc NAV narrow and
rnr,Er M r1r- 1nns, -ebm,n1n-At the South c1od
crusiieYs ara In ne, bet we stir tho sou when II
| GOOD condition tne implements named answer .
! Tcr,A nnroa+ ~. r1nv tnv.rts tye snft hrtno,;nt
~ the n,1face ,h.t rncr onta1ns lea, of ,he avail
n,e p,ant-food and nIaclno that which Il the MOS
valuable for the youug plants at the bottom Of IN.
| fuIrov.
A eofl nn1yertzext to tnc depth or etoht incbe
must contain nore p,znt-tood In the uppc
four Inches than the lower. This /
: demonstrated tn the sumner following, and l.
autumn p,owtng for spring wheat sud hurley
The upper portion has not only taken up most Q
the gases from the rain water but it has bccl
grated. md both the organic and inorganic foo,
Of plants has become dlstnteaTated and teads 10
il assimilation fof plant-food nJ Inc Jpong plaaa
When NC pulsert1e the garden SOL 'oJ spatiIn
we 90 NOT n1orc fnosonsdl5 eommihute ia pattcle
.aAo "Aa .ue pus' pHt "e hH'e nAev .en .s' e'
4a'aA inAe - aonss neou' ta.ous aeus 10 g
etc "osAaoie oep1n. taes pts$euaii8 ~ a.e Pl'u
apoluon o. Inc looa teaay 1oI rs use. Aao p e
~. A.s,S ~ -, 49, - .ss
. n.oas,.~ ~ ~ - - =. - ,-,,+.,aa :
- - ,...s> .sn..e. 49, $50 =. -.
-nS ,,.est .a- .ase.s ,4a,na . ~ p@ s1rta.s ;.
. .nr,as rEsa snS :, .oa,1,,s ~ ~..sT .nS r,17,
ss-a..a 49, ~ nr,.+ra -. -. 49, ~ ~
ears,,,s, :. 1,.sa,~a ~ ~ +.-.e,sa ~, sa,d .,1
ua.s.', 80 ~ ~ ~ 49, ~ ~ ,naa,,a.,,,
, rss. - ~. .o.,,e+s ...taS ~ ~. ou,.4a.
, ,he .,r.r ~ r1seses M tnere tor
3 a thin costing Of slass. but such u the fae
The summer fslloW or Whist u lus euul valtpt It
. hoed c.op. admits Of the Itstnsesratton Of Il
/ ! noiash nea. the surface aud this Is the secret
8 The yalue Of thls process for Bpr1az wheat Al
barley, both Of which depends On 4 supply Of II,
> potash In the sotI to coat the st1AHs with uqu
;, ei4ss 70 eu4hle 1t to stand up When We he
b fa,ner1 tax sbou, soft wneat-st,nw We may kno
L that the lsut,. II p1ortd tn autumn was done
INF, as Ia close. ma too late 70 allow heat. RI
and moisture 70 act on the potash, or, II Ia ho1
# c.on. tint tne autnmn weeda absorbed iii that 1
l. summer na4l pserared.
5 We might divide the culture Of the sol into 7.
syssens: one
r1nr mNBISpxy.
q Il, ~ht., ~. .o,, !, =. ~ ~. n,,w ,hrs VI,
Il mo ,he rr,ted no,tlon nj thr hottom nj he frn
u ~ n.+nntnt ~ ~. rnn in-,t soi, n 1he ton IN
4. ...,--es..s ,,r<,,, ~, -+.--tr1rr+v r,o,,n,
t,cn nf tn, t1trm ia tn use sataoIl n1o,, tn h,e
n seS..n -,.,.-.. ,..a,... ~ - :, ~ = =
II W rs,a w., -. ~ go. .+r,+s ~ !,
;. aa - ss,sss. n.s ~ ,o,rsr. - A..
q i. s.s'. .s 49, 49, s.r.n ~ ~ ~..... >, !,
oMs go ~. .As 80 ns-,sas. ~ ~.
Ii .s.s..s - =, e,ss. ~ :. -
..,,s ~ ree,s.re. ~ ~. .ass sr,re, ,n.. rs+r
- rf1 =. A~.'-tr:--sss..s.t.ss n - 1r,. !.
J. s..,ass,s. - -, 80 - nv 1o- ~. rs.s
q z....a ,Hs S-..,s.S ~ ~ ~ !. -.
:. sS'.s' >1s ''@A''a VI VIC s'A - Luz ~ 4eA'e"'
- srAps dtsbAspRf,
which Ii n cascs mikes Inc several ss1sta OF u
n aoa e1aied sou ana makes we enue oe::ao
N nhilosm VALUE We 40 NOT laose tao1oosu1 !
- Vet1e the seal with the spsoe, aaa YET any
i, VINO epades nA gasdtn instead or p!1Nhs II Ans
:. to41 docs pfodace pes<t1 crops. 1he Haau