New-York tribune., 1869-03-04
PROTECTION.
HENRY C. CAREY ON MR.. wELI4S's REPORT
LETTER TENTH.

densome "tax" OF transpOrtaton-that " tax +"it
takes precedence Of all claims either Of the landowner or
the state The thoroughly these great objects can
be accomplished the greater is the increase In money
value of labor land and the products Of BOTH the more
does the laborer in the field tend TO take his place sde ny
side In point Of freedom and OF compensation, Win o
skiled artisan OF tho workshops the does agcuF
ture tend TO science the more fruitful
the field; the larger becomes the domestic conmcroo'
tho greater becomes the power to maintain profitable
foreign commerce. the greater is the ability OF oil 70 con
tribute to the public revenues ana the more rapu 'n0
tendency toward a real national independence .
That such have been the results obtained under inc
protective system which now exists would seem 70 Oe
proved by facts which you yourself have furnished AS
here presented; 81 rr....l p. rt.J. .. ~ o.
Tn. CoYTINuBD INCREASE N THE AoRIcuLruRAL fho,
DUCT THE UNITED STATES, WHETHER nsAbUhSSn nsA Sorth
QUANTITY OR HALURThe aggregate crops OF tho IN
on states Gr 1901 were % 20 Ss or the past year
are known exceed In quantity and quat NOSE Oh to
In the state OF ONO the o,e. TeGet u
Number sheep 6ss6 Number Of sheep u % lss ~ e u
In the eight years last past the sheep OF oho so to
ported having more than doubled ,asa aroo 900
Number begs 1865. 400 900 Number Of beg 70
Cereal crOps, including wheat, corn ana oats:
1865 2Ia bush sll bush 1863 in Sn.h
The commercial return OF the number ot nOgs pS'A'u
s65-66 ....I 7OS S55 ls 'Voi-0'
This latter number was however, exceeded during the
The present ratio OF Of the crop OF Indian
corn for the whole country put by the best auhoes
s5S % was rofrSed 6y the census at $50 lO7 Bushels
and adopting the above ratio of Increase tho crop o
1859 acknowledged TO he full one, must be estimated at
GOOO bushels and II sold at the assumed low aver
age OF 40 cents per bushel, would net over s5ooOov
States The returns collected by the Association OF Cotton
Manufacturers and Planters before referred TO- SNOW
the crop OF ls67e at least 26OoO bales OF hDou %
per cent OF the average crop for the fye years med
atey preceding the while for the yesr ooSV h r @ %
Inmates are generally In favor Of 100000 Daes lno re-
suits of the two crops upon the interests OF tne s0nn
Will however be materially different During the crop
the
own subsistence and large part OF the ~ %
and also 10 repay for the previous purchase OF
stock and Implements This year. lsS the sosm snceds S
raised food Of its necessities ana the
OF nearly the entire crop be considered IN the gh
Of n surplus for future development .,ou. n, ,ho
The following the estimated cotton crops oi tne
south SINCE the termination of the ls6566, 2l6
bales Is66-6 l95496s balesI lSOl6S' 24'sSSo Daiesi
Inc culture Of rice at the South which at the ermina
ton OF the practically amounted 20 70 s nTent a'
is estimated at 1000 erces; an amount pIoDaOy
Gent for home consumption, anu gHIs gtI Ppoyts Of
95 fb,s sraeIy srTticIs. i'"' -. =
The following an estimate OF the tobacco crops OF tho
InIted States since 1880 prepared by committee OF Tue
trade for the COMMITTEES Of Ways and Means at the first
session Of the XLgh Congress
1880 .2Oi $50 663 lbs. 1855. lS'3log35 IDS
1853 .. .26T 1853 0s9 lbs lsGe...... S2sOoOO0 lbs
IN 46o,Z20 lbs lS61.. 21OoVo0o IDs
Further proof Of the beneficial effects Of protective
policy are furnished in your own remarkable statement
that while the quantity Of commodities carried BY our
railroads had increased 1863 compared with 1885, IN
the proportion OF 20 their rdtHe had grown IN
the proportion OF less than IL to 4tho four hundred
and eightysi1 millions OF annual value OF the unhappy
closing years OF that free trade period which ended IN
the clouds and darkness OF sel having given place to
the serenteen hundred aud rtntyhree millions which
represent the brilliant sunlight OF potecuOh III the yeaT
which has just now closed.
That protection has thus greatly improved the eond
ton OF both farmer and planter fact that you your
self have thus placed beyond the reach OF question In
what manner however, has affected that OF the me
chano and the laboreri Havo ey gained or los under
policy that has thus tended TO raise the price Of foodi
To this Question the Is. that the status OF Tho
whole class Of workngmen fired by that Of the nhorer
I'm the field The greater his reward, the greater the
attraction toward agriculture and the larger must be tho
bonus offered by the workshop fact With which you
yourself are well acquainted that you have In oonyer
satlon with myself presented t ms a obstacle standing
In the way OF our Industrial Development
So far, however. IS this from constituting
any real obstruction, That II is IN that direction
and that alone have 10 look for further progress
Freedom OF tho body and tho mind-doyeopment OF tho
moral and the intellectual facultios-grow with the
growth OF competition fer ne ptrehrse Of labor That
such competition eKists IA proved by your own pre-
sentaon Of agricultural here now placed side by
side with the industrial phenomena which you yourself
have Furnished; tho two most happily combining for
establishment Of tho great fact that there really per
feet harmony OF all real and permanent Interests, and
that the dscords you have presented have no e1onee
except In your own imagination. ..
"wthn tho last hye years years Of protection, as
you have not advised your readers
more cotton spndes have been put In operation, moro
iron furnaces erected, more iron smelted moro bars
rolled, more steel made, coal and copper mined,
more ans mahnfsoss Of different nnas
started, and more petroleum collected, rehned and ch'
country and this Increase has been both
CARDS quality aud quantity ana greater Ihan ho iegil
wealth and population"
Competition for the purchase OF labor having thus won
derfuy increased, there should have been great I'M
the condition Of the whole body OF tho peo
pie who had that commodity TO sell The reverse OF this
however "a you u.s. the fact the actual condI
ton OF workngmen at the moment when many mills,
houses and factories are being built many roads
being made. many farms being cleared. beng
really than II had boon in tho closing OF the
last destructive free trade period, when mills and mnes
stood closed when furnaces were out OF basti when
shops ide when houses every stood
untenanted; when laborers by tens aud hundreds Of
thousands wero wholly without employment; when man
ufaoturers and merchants alike being bankrupted
and when the OF public revenue had 80 greatly
failed that TO meet tho public expenditure trivial as by
comparison II then had been there had existed
sity for creating In three short years public debt OF
&70OOO,OOo. II. ... - a....I. e. ..
Strange az such an assertion" would scom TO be- still
more strange are inc iacIs Ny eAnS VI "hoh s Bes
historical truth" s sought 10 be established, tables
being gwen by Of which IL s clearly proved.
that whereas It costs tho large sum OF t7 70 main
tain two parents and child tho parents and sir
children can comfortably provided for at the much
smaller cost OF $l9 col When, however, Sepenh child
comes to DO added the cost OF the family almost
doubles the ti3 30 forthwith rising to t25 Assertion
such as these can excuse me for saying It, bo other
wise regarded than supremely ridiculous finding their
parallel only the efforts Of British economists provo
that labor is always best paid OF that period In tho pro-