Evening star., 1869-12-06


causing machinery to take the place OF skil!ed
labor, TO large extent, our imports of many
articles, must fall of largely within very few
years. Fortunately, too, manufacturers are not
cOnfipei TO few localities as formerly, and. it
is TO be hoped, viii become more and more Jif-
fused, making the interest in them equal in all
sections.
They give employment and support to hun
dretls of thousands of people at home, and re-
tain with W. the means which otherwise would
be shipped abroad. The extension Of the rail-
roads in Europe and the East, is bringing into
competition with our agricultural products like
products othercountries. Selfnterest not. elf
preservation, therefore, dictates caution against
disturbing any industrial interestoi the country.
IL teaches us also the necessity Of looking 10
other markets for the sale III our surplus. Our
neighbOrs south OF us, and China and Japan.
should receive our special attention. liz will ~,
the erdeavor "f the administration 10 cultivate
such relations with all these nations u entitIe
us To their confidence. ami Iaake i their iaser
est as well as ours, TO establish better cOmuer-
cial relations.
Through the agency OF more enlightened
policy than that heretofore pursued towards
China, largely due 10 the sagacity and efforts of
one OF our own distinguished citizens, the world
Is about 10 commence largely increased rela-
tons With that pOpul0lIs and hitherto exclusive
nation. As the [ nitcd States have been the in
itiators IN this policy, so they should BE the
most earnest in showing their good faith in ma
hing 1T a success. In this connection L advise
such legislation Will forever precl,le the en-
slavement OF the Chinese. upon Oyr soil, under
the name of coolies, and also prevent American
vessels fr0m engaging in the transportation Of
coolies TO any country toIerating the system. /
also recommend that the mission TO China be
raised To one Of the first class.
On my assuming the responsible duties of
Chief Magistrate OF the united States, it was
with the conviction that three things were
essential TO its peace, prosperity. and fnllest
development. First among these Is strict integ
rity in fulfilling all our obligations. Second, to
secure protection TO the person and property of
the citizen of the United States, i'll each and
every PORTION of our common country, wherever
he may choose TO move, without reference to
original nationality, religion, color, or politics,
demanding OF him only obedience TO the laws.
and proper respect for the rights OF others.
Third, Union OF all the States with equal
rights) indestructible BY any constitutional
means.
TO secure the first of these Congress has taken
two essential steps. First, in declaring, by JOINT
resolution. that the public debt shall be paid.
principal ana interest, in coin. And second. by
providing the means for paying. Providing the
means, however, could not secure the object de-
laws for the collection OF the revenues and an
economical disbursement Of them. To this sub
ject the administration has most earnestly adj
dressed itself, with results, hope, satisfactory
10 the country. There has been no hesitation in
changing officials in order 10 secure an efficient
execution ofthe laws, sometimes too, where. in a
mere party view, undesirable political results
were likely TO follow; nor any hesitation in sus-
tanning efficient officials against renionstrances
wholly political.
1t may be well to mention here the embarrass-
books the 20 called ..Tenure-of-cfticc acts; and
10 earnestly recommend their total repeal. IL
could not have been the intention OF the trainers
OF the constitution, when providing that an
pointments made by the President should re-
ccivc the consent Of the Senate. that the latter
should have the power to retain III Office DC rSous
placed there bv federal appointments against
the viii of the President. The law is inconsis-
tent with faithful and efficient administration
OF tie government. What faith can an EXec'l-
tive put IN officials forced upon him and those
WI h,l hns .la,l fArr
Will such officials be likely 10 serve al admins
tr3iion which they know doss not trust them?
prosperity, time, and ~ firm but humane al
miIiistratiOn Of existing laws, (aInentled from
time 10 tinie - they Iniyst be- incffectivc, or
prove harsh and unnecessary,1 are probably all
that are required.
The lird cannot be attained by special iegiS-
latiOn, but must ne regarded rs fixed bv the
Constitution itself, and gradually acquiescgd in
by force OF public opinion.
From the foundation 0i tte Government 10
the present the management al thu. original iI,-
habltalits OF this continent. the Indians. has
becn subject Of embarrassment aud expense.
and has been attended with cuntinaOu, robbie
rios. murders and Wars. From my own expert
ence upOn the frontiers. AMI in Indian countries.
j dO no hold either legislation the conduct Of
the whites, who come most in contact with the
Indians, blalnelcsS for these hostilitie>. The
past, however. cannot hc und0nc, and the Jucs-
ton must bc met as We now find it,
have attempted new policy towards these
words of the Nation, tthey cannot be regarded
tisht tJfilt ~ Nstl't>) WITH lar
suits, - far ~ tried. AMI which hope will he
attended ultimately with great success. The So
cicty of Frirnds il well known a. having sue
cee,ted IN living in peace with the Indians i'm
the early settlement. of Pennsylvania. while
their white ncighhors Of other scots. i'm other
sections, were constantly embroilcd. They are
also know for their opposition to all strife. vio
lencc and war, and are generally noted for their
strict integrity and fair dealings.
These considerations induced me to give the
mana cement OF few reservations OF Indians TO
md fltxa t.nr s.f.
agents upon the Society itself. Tho result has
proven most satisfactory. 1t will be found more
fully set forth in the report Of the Commissioner
OF Indian Ahihrs. For superintendent and In
dian agents not on the reservations, officers of
the Army were selected. The reasons for this
are numerous. Where Indian agents are sent,
there. or near there, troops must be sent also.
The agent and the commander OF troops are
independent of each other, and are subject TO
orders from different departments OF the Coy
erlnneDt. The army officer holds position for
life, the agent one at the will of the President
The former IL personally Interested i'm living i'm
harmony with the Indian, and in establishing a
Permanent peace, to the end that some portion
OF his life may be spent within the limits OF civ
lliZed society. The latter has no such personal
interest Another reason is AN economic one:
and still another, the hold which the Govern
meDt has upon life officer To secure 4 faithful
discharge OF duties in carrying out given policy
The building Vf railroads, and the access there
by given to all the agricultural and mineral re-
giols of the country. is rapidly bringing civiiz-
cd settlements into contact with all the tribes of
Indians No matter what ought to be therela-
tons between such settlements and the abort
ginees, the fact is they do not harmOnze well.
and one or the other has to give way i'm the end
system hich looks To the extinction of a race
il too horrible for nation to adopt without ell
failing upon itself the wrath of AN Christen.lem
and engendering in the citizen disregard for
human life, and the rights of others, dangerous
to society.
see no substitute for such q system except i'm
placing all the Indians on large reservations as
rapidly as il can be done, and giving them abso-
lutte protection there. AS soon as they are fit
ted for it, they should lie induced to take their
lands i'm seyeralty. and TO set up territorial gov
ernments for their own protection. For fun
details on this subject call your special atten-
ion to the reports OF the Secretary of the Inte.
rior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
The report OF the Secretary OF War shows the
expenditures OF the War Department for the
wear ending the 30th of June, 1869, to be $50
eI4 0I2, OF which S3 So $40 was disbursed in the
payment OF debts contracted during the war
and Is not chargeable to current army expenses
His estimate of S3i 531 ,03i, for the expenses of
the army for the next fiscal year is as low as il IL
believed can be relied on. The estimates OF bu-
reau officers have been carefully serutinZed and
reduced " herever il has been deemed practica-
ble. IT. however, the condition Of the country
should be such, by the beginning OF the next
fiscal wear, as to admit OF greater concentra-
ton of troops, the appropriation asked tor will
not be expended.
The appropriations estimated for river and
harbor improvements and FOR Notifications, are