The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1869-11-12

we'll managed, at the end OF the year nc found
that SO per cent. OF the gross product OF his plan
tation had been consumed py, or neen expended
upon, this cOmmunty-being in fact the wages OF
the labor OF the producers among them-and his
balance sheet probably showed profit on his in
yestment of from to per cent. from current
income, with an addition OF 2 to 3 per cent to
his CAPITAL from natural increase Of his purchased
labor feel assured that these figures nearly
approximate accuracy especially IN the Item OF
the annual cost of slave labor A strong PROOF
OF this is to be found in the universal and stimuli
taneous determining throughout the South upon
the third as the proper compensation for farm
labor when emancipation made the payment
due to the worker himself, and threw upon
him, and not upon the employee, the support
of the community or which ne was part
Farmers, generally, do not trouble themselves
much with the details OF bookkeeping, but most
of them by q Jumping process, have shrewd
Idea OF how their business STANDS they knew
that they could hope for no reasonable proht ana
pay more for labor than they had paid before now
ever the form OF payment might be varied; NOW,
suppose for a moment that after emancipation
this community of laborers had remained undis-
turbed upon the plantation, ana tnat tneir laoor
was as efficient as before. inc income OF the
planter would have remained the same, and ne
Would not have realized change in his affairs,
unless he endeavored to sell out and ABANDON tne
business. Then he would nave found that ne
could no longer make title to the largest portion
OF the investment In whicn ne nad placeu HIS
money individuals among us could and did often
sell out to each other and realize tnelr save capl
tai But to whom could community OF Save
holders-the State-sel outY Anu IL Ine s6e,ovo o3
was to remain an investment permanently back
ed up In the ownership OF labor, 1t matfered not
to the State 1.-THE labor remaining equally ehlclentl
whether the employer owned the IaDoreI, OF the
laborer owned himself. NOT can SEE IL as sup
posed the employers income from his panta'
tion remains the same after emancipation US pc
fore-if the percentage on land ana slaves Wnlcn
tempted him into the business Is now realZeu
r1,of 10
change in the legal relation between himself and
his laborers. He has lost the portion OF his capl-
tai invested In slaves but ms iano mas appIecl"t,
cd to exactly that extent. lie Is getilng from II
the customary rate OF interest upon the amount
of his original investment, and continuing 10 40
so, in healthy and norman cohultlon oi puDIo
AFFAIRS his land when sold would reimburse nln'
These, however, are unfortunately NOT tne re-
suts OF emancipation in our case; and Ignoring
the potent influences Of the political tlnEerngs 10
which we have been SO mercilessly sub)ecteu[LIne
cause lies In the reduced efficiency OF laDor. inc
extent OF this and not the amount Vi Tue oiieina.
measure of the loss sustained by the change In
our system. , a..
characteristics OF the negro freedman as la6orer
are now pretty we'll established. Released from
the discipline OF slavery, unapPreclatNe VI .ae
value OF money, and but little deslrous vi COLL
fort his efforts are capricous; anu Wnlie at sone
kinds OF labor the old slave tasks may oe reauily
obtained, there are others In which no amount Oh
nersnasion or nav can keep him steadily up to the
slave standard. He has, too, an aversion lot
steady work for his women anu a,Stenco chn, ms nsn
overcome and with the first gleam OF prosperity,
he RENTS them to ideness or to casual day iaoor.
These characteristics have reduced tne Vaiue u oi
negro labor fully onehalf, ann the Instances are
exceptional in which plantations are worked now
with less than twice the numerical force requlrea
before emancipation. The cotton crop, WHICH, III
the almost exclusively agricultural nature VI oui
.t,1 l,not crit
efciency is with difficulty pushed up 10 halI its
aggregate in the years before the war, notwitn,
standing the amount OF white labor now uNerIeu
II is true that when full force Of negroes s at.
tainable plantations are worked successfully, anu
with larger interest upon the lnVeStneut tiah
formerly-the heavy bonus required III .nc '' plu,
curing OF labor by purchase being strlckeI lioin
the account. But, gentlemen, we never hau III
the South In her best days 1.-THE OF the lapor
necessary to develop even her agricultural weai.,
Her rich mining and manufacturing resources
were almost entirely neglected. Now, more tnan
ever, population Is our need, and population we
must have. IL we are once more to place ourselves
alongside OF the nations In the grand marcn oi
material progress From the snores Oh EuIope-
our ancestral home-we must draw al lCCession
to our numbers, which will fuse with ana become
part OF us. No effort should be spared IN thaI u
rection. II Is our best and safest resource. bus
pending, or in default OF their coming, from tne
teemin9 hive of Asia we must satisfy our Vlta
need Should the frugal and industrious Aslatlc,
as his habit has heretofore been abroad, prove
only sojOurner with us-among US, DuI hot Vi
us. except in his industrial relationships pres
ence will have been o blessing to US botn. AND
should he make this his home, there Ii no reason
why we may not dwell together In the same mar
mony which has marked our lnterc9urse VIII
another race during oil the vlcisstudes OF tne
wears that have gone by since the nrst negro
| was landed from the Dutch vessel IN Janles
| River. We have not found their presence leIe
| intoerable. Alongside OF the Soutnern mhlle
xyin I1aH
under his direction, he advanced the prouuctioHs
OF our agriculture, until the markets OF the ciVll-
ized world became tributary to II; during our ucs
perate struggle for potical inuepenaece n G o ~
pled our commissariat; and in our elIorls LOT Te
cuperation from the ravageS OF war, Whele mouu ,
we have been without his presence even WIN the Inc
efficiency Of his labor depreclateu as II ~ ac Wy
| causes perfectly natural to humanity. IN press.
| ing Immigration, whether European or Aslatc, IL
il In view of the work before us, and IN no splrlt
| OF hostility to the negro. wouiu eXciuue nos
one OF them from this Droau neiu vi lauol iGn In
withhold from him one partlcic vi Vic iui'o vi Ms
honest eXertions. .o~,o .,
We have thus glanced gentlemen, at some OF
the losses sustained in the cventlul pcrlou SINCE
the last meeting OF al agrlcuIturai society u, ~
| this State But have we gained nothing! VIII
| the habits enGendcred by reduced circumstances
avail us nothing in the struggle for lutuTre
wealthy Will the fOrtitude under ulsaster, thc
natpnt energy in retrieving 1t, which misfortune
| has dcyelopet, be worthless to us? Napoleon
said that. I'm war, the moral was to the phySlcal
| os three To one: and IL this be true when brute
force most ayails how much more Sllal tnc severe
discipline our people have undergone ald them IN
attaining those victories when peace Hiay
| achieve. o,o,o,.
ItIs therefore, with hopeful and conhuent
spirt that look forward TO our Iuturc, ana greet
the organization OF this society as tnc nrst cnecr-
ing glimpse OF the coming day; hepresentiiimS, iii
M YOU do all OF the capital and Intelligence tlat
we have among us devoted to Industrial pursuits,
grave responsibility rests upon eacn anu every
one OF YOU, to sec that so far as III nm ieS, t,ic
| good work goes bravely on. weakened ny thc
destruction of more than half of our resources;
| sodIened Inv the memories Of the past; oppressed
| by agencies of the present, over whlch VIC nave
b1t little control, the struggle may nave IN IL Il
tinpe of bitterness but it has in Ii, 100, something
| of fhe heroism that thrilled the veins wlllle yet
| the red-cross banner 1oated In the breeze
| "Tcll Governor Plckcns," said MaAcy Gregg, uS
his life.blood ebbed slowly away upon virginia
| battlefield, "tel Governor Pickens INA. l osuci
| fully die for South Carolina" IL Is our fortune
| now to owe aS high uuty W 'ic "'"' o'u S'"S'
We must live for her.
The president next called upon the several per-
manent committees for their reports The fol-
lowing reports were made: On 1ertilzcrs-'ohh
$ Green chairman On improved implements
John b. Moore, chairman. On best method OF
cultvatng cotton-John p. Kinard CHAIRMAN
On best method of cutivating corR-Dr. ). W..
porlcr chairman. On field culturc--T w. Wood
ward chairman.
On motion, Messrs. J. p. Thomas, J. b. Palmer,
]. S. Richardson, NJ. l.. B0nham ami +. W. DaW-
| 49,, .,.oro , ,,,ointol o committee TO report some