Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1869-01-08
EXPLORATION OF THE VaSTY DEEP.
Mystery Of the Hedvens.

Lecture of Prot. s. AIe.cnnder
or NetC Jersey, on tie IeLescODe
dhd its ReCeidtions.
From the New York Tribunc.l
One of the earliest of the telescones
made by ths J4nssns was presented ia
Prince Maurice, to be used in bis wars. It.
was IN April or Miy, 1903, that Calico first
heard Of this, and the instrument was then
described to him as one which had the
property of making distant objects anpesr
a. though they were near. Calico there
upon devised how that might be eff cited
aud the next day, according 70 Deamhre
was in possession of u telescope maguifyipg
three times. Gllileo'S second telrscoor
magniHed about rs, and his third about 80
times.
Nov, Calico did not make use Of the
telescope just in the form of which we are
speaking. Instead oi taking the rounded
glass or convex leas in order TO take hold
Of the rays af,er they hai come torether.
he take, lens of the Opposite shape ani
takes the rays 10 the opposite STATE lust
before they come together; so that whf re,,
they cross in the modern telescope and
produce an inverted image, in the Calico
telescope they are seized upon before they
cross, and give an erect image. That is the
case IN all your opera < lasses, which are
ali Galilian te.escOp s. "Iu so far as an
pears, the first telescope Of Ljppersheim
m1guiled about fifteen or sixteen times /.
and be IS sal To have observed with il the
torm of the planet jupiter, and some
snall star, (1is satellitey) which appeared
to move rouod him. Be this As IL NAV.
those satellites were noticed 10y Gllill-o, who
also observed their echpsrs. lie also oh.
served m my OF the varieties OF surface of
the moon, With which we are at this day
so familiar, as well Gs the phases presented
by Venus aud Mars, and the spots upon the
sun, IN which LAST, hoSever, he wIs antici-
pated by Harriot in EagIand" This was
at the beg nuiug OF the seventeenth cen
tury. But We have already mentioned sew
eral interesting objects that the teIescope
hat thus brought view. What were they 2
Satellites of JdpiterH Yes. Here is ole
them. Pointing them out upol diagram
Here Is the form Of the dis, of Jupiter.
which * a great deal better seen in modern
telescopes. Jupiter has four satellites, aud
here is the shallow Ut one Of them upon the
face OF the planet These are the bels Of
Jupiter, which GrJ supposed to be substau-
ces in tue atm sphere; aud thus It is with
Mars, aud with St'urn. Tow is it proved
B means of the spectroscope How doe,
"
not ANTICIPATE the lecture by explaining IL
lLtushtarl Tnere are substances loitinr
IN che atmosphere OF Jupiter. His shape is
not round. IL Is much shorter in q north
aud-south direction than in the other. lie
JuruS round in less than ten hours, aud the
outward tlug OF that turn swells out notably
on one side, so that you can sec at once
tnat be is not round. But at the same time
Calico saw the moon. What do we sse
when we examine the mOOn with the teles-
cope The edge Of il is all ragged when
It It were a smooth globe il ought to be
smoothly cut; aud IN the quarter moon
when the edge Of the circle is turned to
ward you, as the edge Of the glass, il ought
to appear smoothly cut straight line. 1t
is not a smoothly cut straight line by any
means. The moon, then, is horribly roagh
! The mountains are struck by the SUMS rays
before the plains receive them. The tops
OF the mountains will therefore appear lllu-
minated, like round spot in a disc, or a
star ia the dark. Then, as the sun ascends.
the light rises higher, ill at last the whole
! edge uf the mountain will bo illuminated,
while all the rest is in the shade. We ob
serve by looking near tho edge of this dia.
gram that il is the shape of cup or crater,
| ior that is the law Of construction with the
! mountains OF the moon aud you will see
\ by the beGutlful photograph OF Nc. Ruiher-
| ford's, and also by an Ither on the same scale,
which Mr. Henry Draper has executed OF
the old moon (thls is the new moon at the
first quarter,l that the little mountain-tops,
like islands IN the dark, appear before the
rest is Illuminated. Then the mountain.
shadows lengtnen a. the sun goes down
they point Always in the opposite the sun
they point toward the north in the northern
hemisphere, towards the south iu the
southern hemisphere. Another shape l.
commonly that OF an enormous volcano
aud, although you would not assert thai
1t had Just bceu burning there, they account
lOr all the resemD Dldnce In the ragged walls
in the cone inside the mountain, in th,
openings Of the small eraters along th,
sides, shadows and all. Volcanic actor
migut go un an the moon on an awful scale
Wny9 Because things weigh one sixth
there what lhry DO here, aud hre night ac
With pr0digious intensity. Hon might Jump
liz YOU had the muscular energy preserve,
TO YOU, SIX times as high as on the earth
and You would be siX times as long comm
down. Things are thrown, up there, mar
easily. Aud the moon Is not made OF sue
stern stuff as the earth. The density OF th
Ieauh Is five times that of Tue moon. Vol
cauic fire might there have an awful arvu
nr exhibition aud accordingly there en-
great cralers, probably li,ty, sixty, almos,
luntrcd miles across and three mile