The New York herald., 1869-11-29


| government Colombia agrees not to undertake OF
allow the opening OF any other interoceanlc canal
or any railway, without the United states consent
ing. All expenses and damages are to be paid by
the United states. whose government shah have
the sole control OF the canal. Twelve year.
from tue day OF It's going into operation Colombia
shall receive ten per cent or the net proceeds annu-
ANY, and twenty-five per cent annually after tht
capital expended shall nave been reimbursed to the
United states, such payment TO be made semi .annu
ally In New York, Colombia to retain political con.
troll over the canal and territory appertanlng thereto
but the United states to have free passage for troops
war munitions and war vessels except when engaged
In war; at which time 1t shall be vigorously closed to
aii nations aike Ihe grant is to continue for 100
years from the day the canal goes into operation
when IL Is To be transferred to Colombia without
payment being required Tor any forfcatlons. walls
&C., the transfer III fact 10 be utterly and absolutely
free.
The above condensation gives the material points
In the treaty. There are some other articles OF q
minor ana general character, not worth particular
mention. The treaty was, in due course OF time,
submitted to the Senate or Colombia, which bodv on
March l. rejected 1t by large majority Mortiiying
as the circumstance was TINS result was not unex-
pected. The partlsans OF Mosquera the expelled
President worked vigorously, and they are said TO
have been aided by English ana French influence.
AT the recent election III Colombia however, the ad-
herents OF Mosquera were badly beaten, and 1t IS
believed that large majority OF the new Congress
favor the treaty on the 18TH OF october the Legs-
Iature OF Panama adopted resolution requesting the
national Senate TO reconsider their rejection and ac-
cept the treaty. We trust ana believe the Senate
WI comply with the request. We cannot beneve
bind 10 the best interests Of ther upelesss coaa
try as to pursue any other course me
treaty does not affect the integrity Of che
republic; 1t. Indeed expressly recognizes and guar
antees every political right OF Colombia Unless.
therefore. the Colombian senate Indifferent TO the
1t rules we confidently look for the early recon-
siaeraon OF IT'S past action and the prompt rauaca
ton OF the treaty by as large Il majority as that
which rejected lt In March last.
THE PREPARING EXPEDITION.
In his report OF 1866 Admiral DAVIS dwells with
emphasis on the absolute necessity OF completely
auQ tl0rOugnly eQllDDlup I,ltlra eNDlOflup
and surveying expedition. He urges the providing
OF provisions IN concentrated form, to enable
paroles 10 make explorations Tor many DAYS. Hitherto
nalT the failures ana incomplete surveys recorded
are attributable solely 10 the giving out Of iood,
which presented an lnsurinountaDe OBSTACLE TO FUR
ther operations and compelled a return TO The
sn1ps. Means should be PROVIDED for 'scearlng the
way through the dense ana matted underground by
Steel ana BY nre.n Last, and really equal III import
ance to PROVISIONS Is the necessity for making sulta
bic preparations or encountering the hostility OF
the indian braves who nhaDlt the Atlantic declytyn
IL is TO be hoped that tue government Is adopting
these recommendations OF Admiral DAVIS in It's pre-
paratiofs for the present expedition. Nothing should
be neglected tnat may, 10 the smallest tent aid In
achieving success. Without detrlment to the coun-
try We can reaaly spare 500 soldiers to etfectuaiy
protect The engineers from the hostile aborIglnes
fne war vessel Nipsic Commander Selfridge, which
mas been ordered 10 convey the party to the thmus
and To AID IN the survey answers admirably Tor the
purpose She Is a fourth rate screw steamer OF 5Y3
tons, OLD measurement carries live guns, and has
been for some time past attached to the North At
laatic squadron. Her officers ana men are, conSe-
quentiy by this time well Injured to the tropical
climate. AT the Brooklyn Navy Yard the storeship
Guard Is flttlng out 1or the purpose vi conveying
the provisions, tents, scientific apparatus and,
suppose, the military force accompanying the expe-
diton. The Guard Is third late vessel Of 1O,4
tons old measurement, ana, until short time ago
was tue s.oreship OF the European squadron Like
tue Nipsic, she Is, IN every respect admirably
adapted 10 The purpose for which sue Is fitting out,
fhe names oi Tie officers who VIII command the
surveying party has not yet tranSpred, out we pre-
sumo tnat those sent out VIII be men OF ability and
pluck-men who WIN neither be dlsneartened by real
Let US, then, repeat anu particularly impress upon
Tue government tue policy OF making the amphest
preparations. Every precaution conducive TO sue
Cess suould be adopted; tne last consideration
should De the expense.
WHY THE PROPOSED CANAL WILL LIE SUPERIOR TO
THAT OF SUEz.
Having sketched tne various projects and eypora-
lions looking to Inc construction OF u canal, we
shan proceed prieny TO discuss an important sub
Ject connected herewith. When the engineers OF
the Panama Railroad surveyed the route OF
tnaJ thoroughIare they established the fact that
the diierence between the man level or the two
lines Is eltner nothing or SO slgat present no
obstacle 70 the construction or canal" Previous
10 thaJ the opinion was entertained tnat the Pacific
was CONSIDER ably nigner than the AJiantic. Hum-
Doldt held tins opinion, but thought 1t rather
favourable to The canal project tnan otherwise.
Referring TO 1T he 1909 1t would create
alternate currents which would enable iees to pass
through at different tmes-.those bound from the
Atlanuc 10 the Paciic during the eDb tide or the
latter, ana Those from the Pacific to the Atlantic
during Tue dood tide or the iormern IL would also
nave Tue beneficial eiiect OF washing out the bed OF
the canal; ana by gradual process OF widening
AID deepening the canal would oe converted into
sIraiG.
1t having been definitely ascertalned chat there is
no material difference III the heights or the two
oceans, Whatever OF anxiety might nave been enter
tained IN spite or HunDoldts assurance OF adyan-
iage are now wholly dissipated. Tne only question
Is therefore, OF what Densnt VIII canal across the
American 1sthnus De now that the Suez canal Is
compietey II We consider American commerce alone
the benefit Will al once be perceived. Inc passage
OF the canal Will by no means be confined 10 vessels
trading with the East indies. Admiral Davis
whose report we have several tunes reerred to- pre-
pared tables showing the trade Of the United states
that would pass through the lstnInu5 OF Panama
rhey embraced the Dutch East Indies British
Australia ana New Zealand British East Indies,
French East IDdies haI OF Mexico malt OF New
Grenada, central America. Chile Peru, Ecuador,
SanuWcn Islands, CHINA, other ports III Asia aud the
Pacific, California and East United States. The value
IN 1901 was sI93 l6S,g5, including ships aggregatng
1851, 4S5 TONS. The saving In money tuat Would
result, ne estimated at So5g95,930. But this was
not AL. England and France would also be CON-
peled TO use The canal Tor trade wnicn jointly, IN
1856 Tor England anu IN 1851 for France, valued
at sZ5SoO,I9o for exports, imports and ships, aggre-
gatng llS20s0 tons; the Saving IA money py transit
on the new route, was estimated at S12 13i27S mus,
la the three greatest commercial nations and other
countres, estimated at si6,S04 900, the total trade
affected by the canal would amount TO S467 I3O
ana the savings erected To $40, $40, DOB We need
not say that the trade OF the United states with The
natons of the Paclnc would DC Immensely increased
uy the canal.
In the tables referred to In the foregoing para
graph, Admiral DAVIS has excluded the trade or
England and France wIta the East Indies IN SO
dong he evidently yielded TO the Suez Canal the
wnole OF this commerce. But 1t must be borne In
mind tnat the passage across the Pacific Is far
superior TO that across the Red sea, the
dangers attending the navigation OF which
every person acquainted with geography Is
familiar with. We need not refer 10 the
aternations of land and sea breezes for consider
able belt along tine coast, 10 the sudden squalls TO
which the Red Sea ~ subject, TO It's numerous sna-
low reefs and 10 the thousand other dangers and
disadvantages which attend It's navigation. These
have quite recently been frequently referred to In
connection SueZ M otn
hand the route through q canal the Isthmus OF
Daren Is unexceptionaoe-not a single fault can
be'Iound with IL. There are the great trade winds
which never vary and which Sir j. Dalrymple in
hts memoirs quantity tells us carried ships from the
Bay ol Panama TO the East Indies lat above hun
dred miles day. Ana this, too, at time when
1t was considered no little ieat ior snip to sail
above an hundred mics day.n TO and fro to
the East Indies aud from the East lnoIes, these
very wings OF commerce. very seldom heightened to
danger Dy storms-tne very safest all winds