The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1869-04-08

terested in their physical and moral we'll being
only; now we have still more important i'm.
| terest In their intellectual improvement. How
ever premature and hazardous we may rightly
cannot fail to see that it is irrevocable What
ever danger there may be, comes from thei,
Ignorance, not their malevolence, and their
ignorance may be enlightened. Education is
not dependent upon schools, nor does it nee
essarily rest upon reading and wrting-these
are best, but they are not essential, and
meanwhile until these can be afford.
let ss oss no Sees sm Of pcd
the difficulties and perplexties Of their new
| responsibilities. We need not fear that the
African race will ever impose it's Inferior cul-
ture upon the Caucasian-when we voluntarily
abanGc; :he asld, they may waik in and oc.
crnny 1t, If we should unwisely exclude them
frc:n political association with US, and drive
them back upon themselves, they will find
leaders Of their own blood or of ours, and will
make their influence felt; but il we resume the
personal influence OF the past with them, re-
tam their affection and continue to deserve
their confidence, they will not be slow to learn
that what is our good is theirs. what brings
prosperity to us brings it to them, and that as
we are able to think better than thew, 80 thew
will do we'll to listen to our counsel and sup
we need not soil our hands with intrigue nor
stoop to become sycophants; they have been
studying us all their lives and know whom we
are IN earnest; our kindly and sincere purposes
least demonstrative, and our own position is
sufficiently assured to make us absolutely free
to approach them frankly, unaffectedly and in
the open light Of day. l.t.l9.
Such intercourse is not inconsistent with
either the past or present relations OF the two
races; it is in harmony with the great law or
Cbristlan charity, and is plainly pointed out
by Inc most practical common sense. Once
established it can never be again interrupted,
because It's benefits will be too much apprecia-
ted ever to be resigned.
Let equal justice for all be once fairly estab-
Hshed, let mistrust and suspicion be dispeIled.
let law be seated above politics, and truth ana
justice pr sferred before party, and the future
Of the South becomes assured. Then may we
widen the basis OF our prosperity, enlarge
the area Of our enterprise, multiply the en-
pigments, the interests and the aspirations OF
our people.
Nature has set no limit to our development:
the genial soil fthe South would nourish very
much larger population than that now inhabit-
ing it our facilities for manufacture are abund-
ant, our mineral resources are almost un-
touched, our harbors and rivers are sufficient
for all the commerce of the Atlantic.
We need population and capital-the one will
come if we oaen our doors the other Will fol-
low If we assure it Of protection. The thirteen
Southern States, excluding Maryland and Della
ware, contained in 1850 8sO.o05 square miles
and II, 100000 of inhabitants, which is less
than fourteen to the square mile. II all the
South we're as densey populated as
South Carolina, it would contain nearly "a, ,OOO,-
600 OF inhabitants; if it were as densely peo-
pied as New England, the number would be
1000. 900 and over. That the population of
the South did not progress in The same ratio as
that OF other parts of the United States, is no.
torious. Our northern frontier. washed by the
living tide which has flowed even up to the
base OF the Rocky Mountains, has been almost
barrier to immigration. Between 1850 and
1860 the foreign born population of the North
ern States increased 1850 600 that of the
Southern States only 325 ,O0O or as eight to one:
yet in 1860 at the South, only one acre in every
seven was " improved, while. at the North one
IN every i've was improved. In Illinois farms
were worth on an average twenty dollars an
acre. in Alabama nine dollars an acre yet un-
doubtedly at the South the best lands only in
each State we're under cultivation.
1t is trite to say that slavery was the cause
this explanation have considered in what way
saxers 70 asorbe Il q moral
supposed sentimental Sjsc.ions; but this is
unphlosophical and untrue. Immigrants had
certainly been taught, by the exparionce OF
those who had tried il. that the South was not
the place for them, but the causes that exclud-
ed them were physical and not moral; they
were economic and not sentimental. They
arose not from any obloquy attaching to labor
at the South, but from the fact that here slave
~ mobilized the laboring population and en-
abled it to be massed together in large force,
to be rapidly moved from place to place, and to
occupy new and rich soils just as soon as these
became accessible to immigrants. /.
Under ordinary circumstances, the native
population Of q country is permanently seated;
attachment to the soil and the Ties Of family re-
tain it until its density becomes excessive, and
emigration is embraced as the alternative ia
hopeless poverty. If such conditions had OBJ.
tanned at the South, or il slavery here had not
been contemporaneous with the extraordinary
| facilities for tranSmigration which the present
century has introduced, the original slave
| States would probably have contained to-day
the eleven millions which constitute the South.
| ern population, and European immigration
would long since have filed up all
the rest Of hos sSy
was intent upon discovering the best and rlct-
est soils, it's whole capital was available fol
| their acquisition and it's whole Iaboring popu.
found himself at hopeless disadvantage
Alone, and without capital or credit, he came ir
| competition with the master of many slaves
Occupying the poorer lands, he earned Less
and spent more in living than the slave, fol
comblna ion augments production and econo
miZaB ConSump ptiOn.
The mobility Of our laboring population no
only excluded immigrants from our new terri
population of the older States, but in these th,
| slaves became massed together as the compe
| titi0n Of the West came to be more and NOR,
felt. Thus profitable planting required larg,
| capital small proprietors were ct q disadvan
tage. Free labor was too expensive for botf
laborer and employer, hence many were forced
to emigrate and so extensive was th.s emlgra
tion that the census Of 1850 showed that OF the
white persons then living in the United States
who had been born in S1uth Carolina, az, ,OO
only remained at home, while 1873 600 wer
permanently settled in other States. Nortl
Carolina retained 63A 900 and had parted witt
272 600. Virginia retained 10O0,OOO and ha,
sent of 400, 600 Of her native white population
The same cause practically prohibited manu-
| fdctures, because manufactures are more de
pendent than agriculture, even, upon fixit
Of population. Cheapness Of living, uniformi
ty and regularity in Che supply, Of the neces
saries Of life, are conditions which must be il
existence In every locality before manufactur
ing becomes possible there. These condition.
| nor will capital consent TO permanent invest
| ment where values ductuato with the move
| ments Of nomadic tabor. R
With the extinction Of slavery. the South pre-
sents to immigration an entirely different as
pect. Our native population, no longer migra
tory, is already beginning to find the countr,
| too large, and to conjecture how immigration
can be reconciled with conservatlsm,s4 Ou
foreign-born citizens, Se in number, But in
teiligent and prosperous, are earnestly and &C
lively engaged in inviting their conutrymen t,
to try their fortunes here, while the attitude
towards immigration assumed by our newly