New-York tribune., 1869-03-27

porting teams Of horses this garing waste Of steam had
well going down full and coming up half full.
Another common mode OF employing steam is TO com,
bne both its forces In the engine Thus when high
steam has pushed the piston from one end OF the cndr
70 the other passage IS opened between ~ ahS no w ne %
lapsng power realized, because II Is Limited 70 to area
OF the hpressure piston and then Is only goo a. .he
three or more atmospheres-for ne eeet Of one What
Steam. when oolIapsed would Yield force equal to it,
Instead Of realizing this II beheVed no cOndensing en-
not cost more than IL was WORTH They have been pro.
nounced as unproductrye as noncondensing engines.
the expansive and coapsg force ought TO be obtained
and may be- Let the former be what It may, the latter
tbuting more. has been shown. No engine deserves
the maine, that blows of" or suffers steam TO escape
from itthat does not draw out all the power OF the fluid
that enters IT, But where is there that does thisi
Boast OF them as we may they, with nonOndensing en-
Enes VIII hereafter be pronounced bunders incidental
These views were developed without any reference to
books for had suspicion of their having been previ
ousy noticed But on taking UP Lardner on The Steam
Engine find some OF them distinctly reeognized but
apparently without perceivug, and certainly without
stating the advantage OF thoroughly carrying them ont
Thus ON the comparative value OF the expansive force
In general the proportion the mechanical effect Of
high pressure steam to the effect produced by the
densaon Of atmospheric steam. Will he the number OF
stmosRheres expressing the pressure oI the steam IN
Of six amOsphes the proportion Of the effect TO that
OF condensation OF atmospheric steam will be as SIX to
seven" when the direct force Of steam of greater
pressure than the atmosphere is used without con
densaton the total mechanical effect atiCdVs less than
that produced by the condensation OF atmospheric
steam" .t.. .. '. ~ ...
Again, "Another method of applying the power Of
mechanically is to combine its direct action with
condensation but without expansion. II the
direct force OF high steam be combined with the
indirect force produced by It's condensation the total
cbanca effect will be precisely equal TO the mechanical
effect Of the condensation Of atmospheric steam
How then account for the old complicated and costly
eondensing engines being sanctioned TO this day In the
face of the fact that they yield greater than either OF
the two forces employed. He says their combination
gives out not iot more power than one. instead OF
doubling 1t, ought and proposed TO do in the
1t well enough for the builder of engine 10 dwell
with rapture on its form and proportions the beauty and
silence Of its movements, and its power all that steam
give" But this like the admiration Of parents for
their offspring the language Of the passions not OF
and artificial devices should moderate boastngs
OF economy in fuel According 20 some careful est-
mates the most economical OF eur furnaces consume
from ten TO cey times as much fuel TO produce the same
quantity Of heat as an animal pr3dnce ana Matis9esi
battery, far greater mechanical effect could De pro
duced by making IL act on the limbs OF recently killed
frog Notwithstanding the manifold defects OF such an
arrangemSn and It's inferorty TO the action OF tho
living animal than when the same battery was made 10
produce mechanical power by acting on an eeetromag-
Detic other artificial apparatus The ratio IN ms ex
periments nearly six TO one Thus IN all our artificial
combinations apply natural forces, aud with
far inferior mechansms TO that which Is percepble in
As believe the basis and principles Of ali the arts are
in nature believe in consulting her for practical
OF the sources Of loss OF heat in engines
small portion papaby escapes up their chmnies beside
what Is absorbed by the shells of boilers and ues the
working cylinders and pipes, and the general loss by
radiation But the open waste of the steam ITSELF after
being raised much cost the worst feature Of the
whole Itis nexcusable for while there desiderata
not yet attanabe this defect ID wholly In our power to
But supposlng the mechanical effect Of stationary
engines greatly increased and ocean steamers performing
from their diminished draugt with greater speed would
they they then be perfect No. nor anything like H. nor
what they are destined TO be. IL would be but single
link added TO the chain OF progress As the arts
emphcatOns OF natural laws and the properties OF mat
are
and perpetual increase. Whatever we may accomplish
muck-hiore than We dream Of-will be achieved by our
successors and with them there can be no end OF improve
mens till their engines draw near IA eoOh0my of fuel To
those Of nature. How that may be we know not.
but we may that the progressive movements Of
the world win depend more and more upon artisans and
inventors and that they will I've equal 10 it's demands IL
philosophers discover principles. II is these men that
apply them. without that they are aDstractons
Stimulated to achieve fresh cOnquess over matter they
will rival the apostle in forgetting things that behind
and reaching to those that before, pressing
High indeed. since the principles Of physics are as
divine their origin and purposes as those OF ethics and
nseparably allied to them lt Is Dy Their promugatOn
that ignorance pauperism and misery are To be driven
from this earth. What t9e prinhspiess rs 9olnS IGr
knowledge viii be rlVaed by steam ana other forces, ln
relieving mankind from debasing toll. while the arts will
keep pase with them IN multiplying inc comforts ana ana
The progress Of the world s and ever will be- due 20 the
culhyaors ana appers OF scehee ana tney VIII eIehtn
ally govern IT, IN prosperity and peace instead OF pot
cal h!eTarchies aud dynastes that have made II per
petua theater OF Tapne aud slaughter constituting like
savages. war into the noDest OF prOfesslOns and IKE
demons assOcating glory" with conquest and blood
al
day they heretofore mpoverishirg the world. by
forcing millions OF young from productive labOrs
into the mutderou trade and keeping nations IA anxiety
and alarm by their eagerEess for needle guns breech
leaders, aud eannOnproof sps-the darkest botch OF
our time.
There are points about the constitution Of steam. ITS
habits at different tensions and temperatures not yet I'M
leaves wholly in the dark 10 the rationale of its
development II is the with respect To Ice being
wa'ep wa s from timing the knowede Of faet TO
fgf.f hug Rra dp StHte
result Of experimental demonstrations: 1T folows
therefore that to eyaOrate water under pressure OF j
pounds per square uch he pressure of the atmOs
pheTel requires five aud half Tunes as much heat as Is
necessary and sufficient to rase INC same water at % to
since q times 1902 is 9y0 IT follows tat 10 convert the
water into steam after has attained He temperature Of
sufficient IL IL not evapOrated TO raise II 800 degrees
higher The heat thus absorbed evaporation and not
sensible to the thermometer said TO be tdeu in the
steam" Phat is, Of LILO degrees 300 became latent and
lost TO the engineer Other sources OF the loss Of heat are
extrnsc variable and modified by divers appliances but
nothAng OF the kina applicable here Inherent there
1t certainly 10 SurrSaS that whatever amount of heat
between ve and times should be required 10 raise
II 3so hIghertO 2jO-the temperature corresponding
safetyvave The fact, however. Is made evident that
the expansive force OF steam OF two atmOspheres gives
steam Yields; in other words atmospheric engine will
do the amount Of work as high pressure one, with
half the quantity OF steam and hall the fue-inculcating
the lesson that 10 use instead OF high steam
change and DANCE for economy aud safety:
pason engineers still contryng to strengthen their
boilers that they may add 90 the force witIiH them
The London Herald says English locomotive engineers
"A general rule. aim ~ high speed Dy higboler pres
sure few years ago 30 pounds on the inch was consid
cred high row and J0 pounds ordinary prcssures
and North London ue engines are being run at 100
rounds" Thus they will 90 till every new device,
like every old one fails to prevent explosions, when they
will peradyenture begin 10 suspect their pursuit OF power
in h steam IS gong la wrong direction, listen 10 the
Greatest Of Teachers and learn better way If were
asked how the ignoring OF this and other Important facts
by practical men has come 10 pass should say by
general conviction for the greatest part Ot century that
Tie all thoy wanted. and there was
NOV diI nj ,nvy that m there