New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-12-25
AGRICULTURAL.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE FARMERS CLUE

Dr0Cee0lnUA.
to such men as Mr. Dufur of Oregon, and Dr. Sylyes-
for of LYONS N Y, not to let Tuesday pass without
stepping into this room and speaking from the re-
sults of positive knowledge and dong experience.
valuable remark thus dropped is likely to reach
vast audience
THE FAILING OFF IN THE WHEAT CRoP.-,James
Gilbrath, Landisburg, Pa: Some years Dack, OF III
the earlier settlement of our country, o. 90 anu
high 40 bushels OF wheat have Deen pGut on or
the acre but from II to 49, and AZ 1artnest ~
o. is the outside that can be raised ms Is Hoe
owing to want of fertility in the soil wheIo ole
ground is made good by manurng so as 10 ProtSSGo
good crop the wheat will lodge and not MI inns -
the evil in our time. Some suppose that IL Is Decause
the ground has been too long worked that IL mas os
its original properties necessary t0r tne 9ineLeo
kinds of grain; but how is it with England, WheIe
fine land has been worked for centuries ana tey can
raise from 40 to GO bushels of wheat 10 the acre Inc
long-cOntnued culture Of the land cannot DC TUG
cause Others suppose that In England IL is lhe Ioot
culture making more Of variety In the crops, not
having such "A regular succession OF green crops as
we have Our best land is limestone; our next Dese,
red shale Our crops are. first, corn; second OATS
third wheat; next, red clover, when Is moved lol
hay and clover seed one or two years. tneh t 1iin
down the clover seed and commence WIN corn' lnio
il generally our round of crops. or sometimes "cIop
of clover i'm full bloom is turned down Tor wheat
Why is il that our wheat crops are n0t 50 gnu 90
they were and that tho increased fertility Oh tne SOL
abundant growth Oh seaw Su not RSy
corresponding amount OF wheat the stIaW no. nav
ing strcng 9Th to support the wheat until IT. HIS
J. Crane-My grandfather used TO raise crop OF
forty bushels of wheat to the acre; aiter wG ~
dwi1dled TO ten he brought it back TO twenty-five
Inv onpying puano at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.
Our correspondent would doubtless find advantage
from similar application. vi course tneie ilus' W no
falling of in the use of other fertilizers -,
w s. Carpcnter-As understand IL, the straw r.
weak If so. bone-dust will stifen It,. My use Od
guano in similar emergency only served 10 lhcIe'o
the difficulty. ,
FRAUDS AND Evils IN THE MARKETs.-Mr. ID. Is;
BTnen of Newark, n. j., an old and much esteemed
member of the Club, spoke at length on the ap0So
text and was listened 10 with close at"ntlOn' IHo
aborer is more especially inteTestedn being properly
protected in tina expenditure of his daily wages than
any other class: but every Individual, whether
moor man or millionaire, has the same rlght 10 pro-
lection from fraud. There is no article Oh 1000 SO ne
cessary for the support of human life as bread. Inc
price of loaf is fixed fact. whetherlt weighs more
or less Many bakers put mp conspicuous hUSces III
their places OF business, Large Bread" Whether
their large lOaYeS are pulled up Dy soIne ChcIniOt
process or by the use of some deleterlOuS aItlcIe
lighter than flour by their llberallty 10 tne laDoi
ing man, TO give him more for his money tnan MS
fellow -tradesmen, ~ a question that can Only 10
solved by the of the sealers weights anu meas
uTes. The manner in which poultry is pIougnIt ~
market for sale Is another fraud on the puDnc winch
requires better regulations. Some cities require an
poultry brought TO market for sale 10 be cleahlx
dressed with the gibles left in and the head cut OH
near the body. 1t often happens that turkeys anu
fowls of all kinds well fed with corn before they
are killed for market with the corn lett IN tne crop
head on and entTas in the fowl. turkey weigh,
ing ~ TO 20 pounds with the corn IN the crop, ana
head and entrails will add one TO TWO POUNDS 10 us
weight-a considerable item in the cost OF turkey
when selling at - TO 40 cents per pound Let p0ul-
teTers charge what they please for their 1Ows ou1
let them be Invested Of every part that Is not eatDe
except the bones which hold the BODY tOgether len
the purchaser will not be compelled TO purchase corn
at 3jc per pound at retail when he Is not III want OF
the article. The unwhoeSOme meats that are OHereu
in the markets for food is another eyl that SHOULD De
reached If any member of the Club Will go through
Washington Market for six days IN succession, ne
can see the flesh of OF veal calves that never
were born. The prices paid for beef by Ielai u e1
tortonate. The highest price for hrSt qualty Dui-
locks the dressed meat averages, for long time past
IL cents per pound. Ii is old saying thata bullock
makes five quarters, in other words, the AIDE ana
taIIoy make the fifth quarter. The average weight
of the dressed meat OF first quality bullocks is so
pounds The cost of the dressed meat at 10 cents Is
slW In cutting up and retailing, one-halt tf?o
poundsl will bring p cents per pound which IS
sl2j p medium cuts will bring 10 cents per pound
which, for % pounds, Is so; the rough meal Nv
pounds 12i cents per pound. Is So the hide Will V
erape - pounds 81 cents per pound, is s. OS talow
will average IS pounds, at 81 cents per pound IS
s. 80, making $50 80 cash realized Tor the DuiiocH
The bullock costing $l36. leaves clear proht OF
SIS Is on the outlay of $l36. The great cause OF
keeping MP starvation prices for produce OF all KINDS
brought from distance and preventing c9mpettli1n
and liberal supply at all times Is the telltae tele
graph wire. which prevents all produce from coming
into the market in greater quantities than supply
sufficient 10 command eXtortionate prices flsh, Doth
scale and she'll reach the market only through mo
dlemen For three four years previous 10 the ias
was at different localities on the sea shore where
fishermen follow il as business FrlceS LOT sea pass
i'm New York averaged through the season l2c 10 zUc
per pound while the highest price the hshmen re-
ceyed was per pound and the greater part OF the
time hut &c At Toms River CLANS sold to waROners
for 81 per thousand and carted 30 or 10 miles in the
interior of the country and retaled Tor 4Oc 10 DC
per hundred, while the same article was re-
tailed in New-Iork markets Tor u per hunuTeu.
Vegetables and fruit seldom reach the consumer but
through middlCmen. They are monOpollzed before
they reach the market and generally Kept on manu-
until they become unmarketable rather thah let CON-
81 Igut la IL EnnWn
the community how almost every article OF the pro-
ductiye agricultural industry OF the country Is mo
nopolizcd, and reaches the consumer only tnrongn
middlemen. At Albany have found the price Oh
beef 10 average &C. per pound less than IN ORR
AT Utica Syracuse, Auburn Geneva, Elnlta' anu M
the principal towns west OF Albany lle price vi oei
would average Zoe per pound less than III New 10TH
Near the terminus OF the railroads coming lntO AHA
nv and TrOy there extensive cattle YARDS Where
cattle are herded until the telltae telegraph wire
informs the nonopozers that il will answer to hurry
their cattle to market, by this means the price OF
beef has been and will be kept up at starvation prices
so long rs capital can control the market rpr
number of years | had my butter sent TO me by a
friend from Western New-lOrk. at the difference OF
10 To II cents per pound less than New-1ork prices
Ny correspondent ut length informed me thaI New,
York monopolizeTs went through the country auu
made their contracts with darymen torall the butter
they made and required all the tubs TO DC regularly
numbered to prevent any outside deallhg' ana tnat
the only way he could supply me was by the dairy
man making two tubs of the same number rama letthg
hun have one For two years atterward l got
my butter from 10 to II cents per pouhd iesS
than New-York prices. but my friend was ODllgeu
10 take n twin number without any choice OF
quality was obliged to abandon my Western snip
Div and pay NewYork prices to get the same quality
of butter that had formerly had at producers PR
ces When in Illinois inquired the price OF potatoes
and was told thatifthey were delivered on the wagon
they would be three cents per 6ushe but II the p9r
chaser would take them from the cellar he wouid be
Welcome 10 them These potatoes could have been
delivered in New-YOrk for - cents per bushel, but
before the mOnOpOlizcrs or middlemen would have
"A a. 10, mt ha
they could be afforded at, they would have purchased
them and thrown them into the river: A friend OF
mine i'm Cambridge Illinois. sold his wheat NJ Gene
SEQ DEPOT on the Rock Island Railroad. for 20 cents
~, hnshnl nnl cnrfnh IL ten mlleS do not reCOl