The New York herald., 1869-02-15


tersburg--The Division Of Races and the
Eastern Question: Russian Policy Towards
the ~Iavonian.--The Russian Press on the
Eastern Question.
81. PETERSBURG, Jan. 10, 1862
rhe topic OF the day the arrival OF rrince Nicolas
OF Montenegro--an event OF but snght importance
IN itself, but OF great interest to al the educaied
classes OF society, owing TO several considerations
closely connected with the so-calied Slavonic ques-
tion, which may as vel, take this opportunity
Of expatiating llttls
First OF all let me remind you OF the great division
OF the European population into three principal
races-the Latin, the Teuton:c and the SIayonic
This sinple ethnographical TACT has been the
OF many political combination until now and viii
lead TO many more before anything like dchnitive
order Of things mas been Brought about especially
since the psncipe OF nationalitlesn has been made
an article OF liberal political faith. ANY person
who would stand up In defence OF the right
OF the Aastrians to govern Milan or of the Turks
to govern Athens would be either laughed down
or booted down; yet none of the Western advocates
OF nationa, autonomy and non-interyention seem to
think it all unmeet that twenty millions Of Slavo-
mans should wear the yoke and no gentle one i-of
Austria, Hungary. and the Sublime Porte. We. too,
acknowledge and express the principle OF natlona-
ties; we, too think it the best thing for Europe, al
least Tor the next fifty years. the best means or
throwing down numbers OF offensive BARRIERS OF
petty Snd envious distinctions the results OF which
have been amply shown IL the fate OF ancient Greece
and medieval itay; and in this sense Russia synipa
thzes, 10 q certain extent with the Monroeke doc
trine OF Bismarck and Napoleon, each OF whom
strives, after his fashion, to set up national
worid--a Latin one and a Teutonic one. But
then Russia mas the guilty presumption OF
claiming The same rights FOR herself and
M " m hul
world OF her own the materials being ready to hand
any moment and even less questionable than many
ingredients OF, for instance, the Teltonic Masonry
1t is circumstance wen known to the most super
fetal philologist that the German tongue has
greater Of subordinate dialects than the old
Slavonic one, and that the difference between many
OF these dialects is greater than between most Of
ours. An inhanitant OF Bavaria viii understand an
inhabitant OF Hanover with far more difficulty, If ar
AL, than born Russian VIII understand Serbian,
a Bnlgar1an, or even a Czech liabaDitant OF Bore
nia) or Pole. This close connection, together with
the feeling or kinship arising fheseron and the
iufal sympathy Tor the oppressed and Ili-treated
kindred race, IS the only real cause OF the mutual
attraction OF Russian and foreign slaTonians 10
each other which. under the dreaded name
OF "Panslayism,n has become great bug
bear 10 Western Europe. There can lie no doubt
thai Pansavism, in the sense have just indicated
docs exist But the Western Powers do the
Russian government too much honor in attribut-
ing 20 1t a ast and farsianted political design Of
ing che great fuss which Is made about II.
Inc truth i, 4 s ABOUT Is much afraid OF Pan
slavlsm as Us dlplonatcal friends. The Emperors
own HympatAAes, as well as those Of many OF Ills
councillors Il gay many, ior as you know great
proportion 0. our rulers is possessed by deciaedly
international and consequently ant-Slavonic spirit,
undoubtedly on tue side OF our ".,iavoulc
brethren as they are often called; but every step
: 80 jealousy "dleAcd, so peryerseiy interpreted,
calls form sncn unpleasant diplomatic hints
aud approximations ana warnings, and the
rest OF H. especially since the grand Mos
COW exhibition ana the visit OF tie great
slayoDie depGtatioa, that they ncrvously shrink
frOm everything that can give occasion 10 suspleloD
ana Try 10 discourage much possible even the
private attempts Of uLrerent lm0re or iessl nhuen
tla persons 10 get up something Ike regular sia
And sci lne propaganda does exist and make its
way, partly through those thousand subtle and unde-
fnaDle agencies 10 which have already alluded;
partly openly the shape OF friendly intercourse, OF
Increased travelling IN slavonic countries. OF The ap
pearance OF greater number oi Literary and scenu
nc books about those countries and more general
study ther languages. vel OF the venerable
mothers rstOngue-U!d oayoniaL-of abundant contti-
buLon 10 money anu books lmostly the latter to
schools and libraries; lastly, of favor and assistance
even pecunary, by subscnpuons 10 each OF the
Slav0nic brethren who are dTNen 10 seek peace
and safety az distance Ilon AsirlaD "c0Iaallssarsn
or Turkish pachas ana rnudIrs Il Is but Just to say
that generally does not rel &c It's prutec-
on " such refugees There are several of them IN tne
afmy, and rheIe are lew scholars ana even poets
Of nOie now IN the Russian civil service. dlstin-
gusshed young Czech composer OF great promise,
nas Just Nae ms new opera played IA one " the I'm
peri-l theatres; Tie iirst Representation was hon
Ored by INC presence Of Iae imperial family ana
was fignt down trumph--aurcl crown and ALL
Bui apart from such private sympathy and assist
anre ana some occasional public q A4lf public de.
monstrations dinners, speeches, solemn thanks
giving Or Otner prayers 10 the cathedral church Of
Oar Lady OF Lazan on occasion VI some memorable
day Ia Sasonic history, there nothing ike De-
finite aim, a gwen line Oi conduct. Ia sh0fi, Ike
whas II Is the fashion 10 cal a political pro-
gIamme.n When parcel oi Russian spelling
books Is sent " school IA Old serbia or
Bulgaria frssts of 81 y @ acenias ,. saa Literary ~ ,5
national library in Lemberg Gaieia, or an etoon
lsa.nts image. with silver lamp, TO Bohemian
Weichrau to adorn the shfne oi 81. MeihOuiua, one
OF the brother sunis-Cyri and Neihotlus-who
travelled la all the lands Inhabited BY Siayonc
tribes and taught them the use 0f the new popular
sayonlc alphabet composed by them. thereby Jay.
lug the nrst stone 70 on national culture; or WEen
aI7tors send their magazines and d.lily periodicals
graiuitously to ZahzeD lAgraml or soys sad Neu-
satzI on the JOINT application 0f sci u penunous
students eager To learn tAer great kindred tongue,
greater offence than the Athenian Greeks when they
send arms ana pr0Nlsols 10 tnelr CANDIDATE
brethren. But Russia has no SUCH decided political
u3Tiere-pelaste a. her creek c0fcugvnd,Tes-no
thoughts for the present OF ultimate annexation.
She merely feels bound ~ sl means Ia her power
70 help them their moral ana political enanc1pa-
fion: there ~ a solidarity between siie and them.
protecting on her side, connding on thers-some-
thin2 ike the family link between the head OF
great house and poor relations, Dut nothing mere.
ON the other nand. Western Eur0pe ~ n0t quite
wrong In its panic dread OF the lrrtsisIiDe growth
and spreading OF panslayistlc IDEAS Held in SUM-
tient ave by the overwhelming dimensions OF Russia
and the consciousness OF the gushing vital force and
naturally LOOK forward with anxious aversion TO the
additional weight and power she must obtain n not
through the formal political annexation. yet through
tine willing aud aIectionaie dependence ana real
mot dipionatlcl entente c0Id1ie when Will supsist
between her and her kindred AiDgdonls, principali
ties. or whatever they will be, the moment they
are free from Austrian. Hungarian and ottoman
sway. do not even speak Of Austria whose trepe
datlon is anything but unf0unded, since such
event would be her death blow, her very existence
being an unreal phantom q miracle OF human nge-
nuIty and apparently giving the he to The axiom
that nothing contrary TO nature can suDsist of any
length OF time.
You will not wonder after all that have said,
that the arrival of tine Prince OF Montenegro
ou visit TO the Emperor, should lie at
10 the intrinsic importance OF the event
The presence OF this young and noble-looking poet
and warrior the head OF that handful 0fherest ary
champions OF slavonic independents. TO whose un-
dsunted oDstnacy alone, perhaps, the slavonc race
on the Balkan peninsula s indebted for having kept