Delaware gazette. [volume] (Delaware, Ohio) 1855-1886, 1869-03-19

surer Of securing the varieties you have
selected,
secret do as herein directed, taking
care not TO let the roots get dry by eX-
posure. Spread she roots evenly mix
The mellow soil among them; see that
there are no cavities - set about one
inch deeper than the tree stood In the
nursery - press down q little, just suf-
ficientlv 70 hold the tree in its proper
position /; leaning the tree little to the
Southwest and observing to turn the
projecting portion Of all short crooks in
the opposi7e e direction, SO as TO avoid
the Injury done the bark by the direct
rays OF the sun, at that time Of day
when its heat is the greatest.
Cultivate with hoed crops from three
to i've years IA corn crop is good. Run
the corn rows with the rows of trees,
putting four bills OF potatoes around
each tree the tree becomes one hill
making i've hills thus leaving q
space so large that the tree viii noG be
destroy all weeds and grass; manure
broadcast over the field yearly but
mt no more manure about the tree, as
the litter viii rot and be sufficient for
the present.
I prefer low tops, from two to four
feet TO the FIRST limbs. This gives
sbsde that protects the body of she tree
from the hot sun, and prevents the
scorchfnE of the bark, and in this CON
dition there will be no attacks of the
apple-bOrer
is frifiing compared with that required
for hIgh-IOpped trees, as the trees blow
north-eastweFd, (which they viii do =
The ground being very loose and mel
loW1 take great pains TO keep erect BY
croWding south-westward aud treading
the earth hard, when wet, on the north
east side. This care will throw the
tree in its proper place. And not only
will the trimming be less labOriOus by
having low tops, but also the gathering
of the fruit can be accomplished with
half the labor required in high tops.
And I think another consideration
worth mentioning: women and chill
dren can largely assist in gathering
fruit from low-topped trees and by
paying them as you do men, according
to the work done, will prove real
blessing to them, as they can earn bet
ter wages at this than at almost any
other.
PRUNING.
Pruning the trees is a work that re-
ouires great wisdom. Il has been run
into ali extremes that you can imag-
inc, and when one party rms into one
extreme, another party looks on, and,
seeing the evil effect gOes to the other
extreme, Some prune to death by
sIashiug heavily once in three or four
years; others seeing the evil effects
have planted young orchards anu not
pruned any, leaving the young trees
10 form three times too many branches.
The result will be the mistake
will be found out when the branches
have become large enough to crowd
each other, then the other extreme will
most likely be practiced TO the detrt-
ment of the tree.
In directing trimming, it is like di-I
recting a man to do q mechanical work
which he cannot do in a wOrkmanlike
manner without hrst learning the
Trimmipg is a work ofingenuity and
skill combined, guided by wisdom.
First, avoid leaving too many linn os 10
form branches; for as they become large
tbeV will crowd one upon another, and
in after DAYS will have to be cut with
damage 70 the tree, especially where
one branch is directly over the other IN
close proximity. Those who have
Young trees that are in this condition,
the sooner attended to the DETER Tor the
Trim voung trees twice a year; in
the spring aud about the time they
start the falI growth. By the second
trimming you remove all limbs that
have grown where they are not needed.
Removing them when small, leaves
only slight wounds, which HEe quickly
thus producing q larger growth than
wonld have been the case without the
fall trimming,
be kept in views which Wonld favor
rr1Iaming twice n year. That is this I:
the growth of the tree is governed by
the size of the top and foliage, To
Crin once q year while young would
lose more wood and there would be
less extension ofthe branches. Aud TO
trim or thin out q young tree as 1t
should be, all at once, would cut too
much at one time, and would injure the
growth Of the tree on the principle of
not having top and foliage sufficient,
thus inducing set Of water sprouts to
supply that deficiency, thereby causing
an unnecessary waste Of wood Wis
dom says, trim so as to make as little
waste as possible and you will enlarge
your trees faster.
tfcei in the orchard that I have des-
cribed for the nursery commencing
at the base of the limb, thinning out
TO the end all such as should be re-
moved, leaving all the small limbs or
knots, or twigs some would call them,
out more properly fruit spurs. These
act in a three-fOld manner. First, they
strengthen the limb, causing It 10 grow
more stubbed second, the foliage of y
tree is its lungs. It breathes through
its foliage. II Is law in animal life
that respiration governs diges-
ZION so in vegetable life, the
greater the respiration of tree, the
more perfect is its digestion, or, as we
term il, it's growth. Again the spurs
become fruIt-bearing limbs, inducing
an increased flow OF fruit bearing sap
causing the little spurs to yield many
bushels before the thrifty branches will
bear much. These spurs can be re-
tained till they are exhausted, when
they become worthless and should be
removed the same as any exhausted
and Wornout limbs. As the trees be-
come older, and bear heavy crops OF
fruit, many varieties will require but
little trimming, merely the removal OF
wOrnout limbs, which remain IN
dropping condition.
Those kinds, which produce too much
brush will require thInniDg OUT and II
their value in the orchard IS not very
great they had better be rejected in set
ting out an orchard.
At the end of from three to Ave years,
/ If you have done your duty. It WALL Dt
necessary 10 seed down, ana neyer Pu'
y plOw into the soil sgaiU, for the fol-
| lowing reasons: the limbs being low
they become very much in the WaY'
/ and Won will also see, in following the
| GLOW that it disturbs and breaks large
| ouautitv OF the roots, which at this ''g'
| of the trees should be permitted to &C.
cupv the surface soil undisturbed. Lei
them do as the roots of the forest trees
do, 20 where they find the best f"0d
| and let us not do as many have done
/ ulow till the soil is exhausted, and the
roots OF the trees are driven into poo
su bsOil, and then complain that oul
orchard does 30 good. By close obser
vafiOn I fld it to be q fact THAT thu
ground is injured by stirring, caus1ni
It 10 get hard and unable to retalI
moisture in cases of severe drouth
also dnd it to be n fact, that the chem
ical action of the atmosphere frosti ant
sun, will pulverize and mellow the sol
, when left undisturbed, till II become
| as mellow and az fine as the new sol
OF the forest, possessing all the power o
such coll to retsiu moisture. Ate
seeding down, cultivation Will have q
be done round the tree by hand or viii
coarse litter, to keep the grass or Weed
down. Be careful eo not pile up IN
litter against the tree, for fear OF tn
depredations Of mice - they will nee
watching.
, THE SELECTION OF VARIETIES - II
DIFFICULTIES.
! 1 ~