Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1869-01-20
HISTORICAI..

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4 TIE THIRTY YEARS Wharf.-The
causes of this great European wal
which lasted from the e7year 1918 tc
the year l64S, may be traced to the
Reformation, and to the antagonisms
which resulted from it.. fThe Catho-
lies and Protestaats of GERMANY had
tor considerable period, regarded
each other tn great jealousy, w whieh
was only restrained by mutual fear
from breaking out into open hostili.
I ty. The union of the Protestant
1prlnces III a league, IN the Year I6oS,
I was followed, i'll the next year, hy a
league among the Catholics. and
these two combinations very soon re-
suited in tanning the srumbering fires
into Il flanie, which first broke out in
4 Bohemia. II was in Bohemia that
the Protestant doctrines, which had
gradually spread even through the
hereditary States of Austria. had
obtained great privileges by an edict
which in the year l609 had been exl
torted from the Empesor Rudolph
ttas tbs see2na. IS coz, IN. some OF the small
selves of this edict, built churches,
III the reign of Matthias, at whose
command they We're demolished, or
shut up. This arbitrary course pre-
tdueed much protesting and counter
protesting, which eventually cuImi-
mated the actual violence at Prague,
when two of the Imperial counsel :
lors We're thrown out the window of
4 the castle, of which Protestants took
possession, and drove out the Jesuits,
who We're accused as the authors of
the expressions complained of. They
then Immediately assembled in arms,
under the Count of Thurn. Upon
ascertaining the condition of affairs
the Protestant Union sent troops i'm
to bohemia, under the command OF
Ernest, Count Mansfield, while the
Emperor also gave orders for his ar
my to advance but i'm the midst of
these troubles, Matthias died, and
was succeeded by Ferdinand the
| Second, who was chosen Emperor OF,
the tw enty-eighth OF August 1919.
The Rohemians, aware OF his anita =
oniSm To their faith, cleared his title
to the bohemian crown void, and
conferred it upon the PalatiDe Fred
erick the Fifth but in the following
year Frederick was defeated hy the
Imperial troops, obliged to seek safe
~ in flight, and placed nnder the han
of The empire. The Paiatine was
| conquered, outstanding the eff
forts of th,. Count of Mansfield and
the Duke of Bruins wick but when
the emperor undertook to bestow the
dignity of Eiector palatine npon
MaXimilian OF Bavaria, and thereby
TO gain an aseendeney III the tElecto-
raj College, the Protestants realized
i the emergency of the ease, and en-
tered into a confedcfacy with the
King OF Denmark and the Duke oil
IiolAtein. The King. of Denmark
fnf n. t.. N,-i 10
feated by the Bayarian General Tilly
in 1926 aud 1929, and forced to con
cltide Il humi'iating peace, by which
hr engaged never again To Tutefftro in
the affairs of the German Empire
The Emperor now appeared To he
more powerful than ever, and issued
sey eral edicts which, by the Protes-
taut princes, were considered severe
ly Oppressive. AT this crisis, Gusta-
vns Adoiphus, OF Sweden, who ALSO
had unreireSsed wrongs to complain
of, landed in PomeIana to their as
sistance, and, with an army of thirty
thousand men, drove the Imperial
r forces before him wherever he ap-
peared. BY the destruction of Tilly's
army al the battle of Leipzig fought
on the seventh of September, 1851
by his rapid movements and the
success of his confederates, he sc
harrassed the Emperor that he en-
tertained fears of being besieged in
his own capital 1t was in this emer-
gency that the Emperor invoked
the aid of Wallenstein, and in the
following year the sanguinary battle
: of Iuetzen was fought, in which
! Wallenstein was wounded, and Gus
tavus AdOlphus was slain. His
death was calamity to the cause lie
represented but the wisdom of his
High-Chsmcellor, OXensteirn, and
his judicious negotiations, ayerted
impending disaster, and saved the
allies from dismemberment and de
feat, After various successes AND
reverses, extending to the year 1888
the Swedish Arms We're again tri
umphant, and their great general
Torstenson, marched from one end o
Germany to the other, and made
; Austria tremble for its integrity. II
was not until the year 1859, after the
death of the Duke of Weimar thai
France took an active part in this
war, against the Emperor, and hel
first experience, at Duttlingen il
lG43, was IA severe defeat. This how
ever, was redeemed by subsequen,
successes, for under these celebrate,
leaders, Conde and Turenne, they
were brilliantly victorious over bOtl
the Bayarian and Imperial armies
: At length the contest ut Prague, 10y
!. the Swedish general, X koenigsmark
which occurred July the twenty
fifth, l6IS, compelled the Emperor to
conclude the peace OF Westphalia
which was signed on .the twenty
fourth of the following October, ant
which concluded the Thirty Years
War
. The Dnke of Wellington was at ,