davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

The Prussian Government announces that
II will enforce the press laws.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

!. o. @. 1.-THE Grand Lodge Of tho In
dependent Order OF Good Tcmplars OF the
District Of Columbia held Its annual session
last evening. After the transaction Of the
usual routine business the following officers
were elected to serve the ensuing year; G..
W. q. T., Davis Baker, OF Bethesda Lodge
No. 0; @. W. c., Samuel Houston, OF Rising
Sun Lodge No. 4; g. W. V. T., Mary A.
Darnall, OF Purity Lodge No. /; G. W. T.,
L. II. Patterson, of Morning Star Lodge
No. 81 representative TO right worthy Grand
Lodge Of North America, A. T. Longlcy, Of
Rising Sun No. 4.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

ARrroLn XVII. Ofacial oommupicat lions
addre.sed from one ofiice 10 the other shall
moi be the occasion on accounts between the
two ofices,
ARTICLE XVIII, Tho two Offices shall BY
mutual consent make detailed reeulatlons
20 carrving th.se art,ciss into e1ecntIon,
ana modify sucb rconiatIons IN ike manner
Srnm tims n lime es ina crjocrcics of The
seyvice NAV reouire.
AsT,cIr XIX. lcttsr. vrono,v .ent.
rranais aaaro...d =, not daIIyerah,e n,
80 ns,.a sho,i ha re,rrneS IN the dIsna,cb.
ing NM. a. n. .,nsnss for tba return n
ary .hsIi ha ,nor,r.d Rscis,sred srticle.
in tbo sscona na "a arsnb IN tbe srst Article
mentionsS ~ aIsn ~ ,.surneS, other All.
cles shall he len 10 The disposition Of the
rscsivina os,.a ~ 49,, sgss moi collected
nnon ~. ' aoe.nnn y retnrned' but
,.ppJah ~, p rs.., ~. 80 : geins, Ira
rsssSna oc nave sb ue9h he from the
ARTICLE AZ. In considerat,on OF Tue eDn'
cessions made by the United states fost Dc ~
per cent. shall be made In favor Of the
United States Office from tho charge of forty
centimes por kilogramme established In Ar
ticle XIV for the transit Of tho articles men.
toned In the second paragraph Of the first
article Of this convention, and xhlch shall
be dispatched from the United States.
ARTICLE XXI. From the time this conyen-
ton shall take effect, all former conventions
between the two Offices shall cease TO be In
force, except for the purpose OF closing the
accounts arising Hereunder.
This convention shall take effect on the
FIRST day OF January next. 1t shall continue
In force until cancelled by agreement Of the
two Offices; or until one year from the time
when either once shall have given notice to
the other Of lie wish to terminate the same.
This convention shall be subject 10 the
approval Of the Postmaster General OF the
United States and of the Minister Of Public
Works Of Belgium.
Executed In duplicate at Brussels this 2ist
day Of August, In the year Of our Lord 1867.
H.. ST. john A. KAssos,
Sp. Com, De-, De.
L.. ST. ..., NJ. FAssIAux,
Director General of Railrodds Posfs and
= - 49,
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

BooKBIsDERs' BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.
meeting Of the bookbinders was held In
the Coun ell Chamber, City Hall, on Tuesday
evening. Danl McFarlan was elected
president pro tenn. and John A. Perkins sec
Rotary pro TEN. Amer the consideration OF
previous meeting q constitution and bylaws
were adopted. Those present signed the ar
ticles Of association aud organized th0m-
selves into o benevolent and provident OF
health insurance association to be known as
the Bookbinders' Mutual Relief Association.
A resolution was presented and adopted
extending q cordial invitation to all book
binders OF the District of Columbia to Join
the association, which then adjourned,
subject to the call Of the committee.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

MEETING OF WoRKISeMRS.-Ap relml,
nary meeting Of workingmen was held a.
Georgetown on Tuesday evening, for the
purpose OF the organization of a Working.
mems Mutual AID Association. A large
number OF persons were present both white
and colored, and seemed to take deep In.
terest 10 the objects OF the meeting. II was
resolved that the final Organization should
take place on Tuesday evening next.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

THAsEsGIvISG PREsEAT.-T The reporters
OF the daily press, who have been repeatedly
placed under obligations by the courtesy and
kihdness OF Mr.. g. V. Leech, of the appoint
ment once OF the Post Office Department
yesterday presented that gentleman with a
handsome chronological Indicator Us an ex-
preston OF their appreciation and esteem.
Speeches were made and the occasion, which
was Spontaneous outburst," was q very
pleasant and agreeable one.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

TIE scHuErzEN PARK.-At meeting Of
the Washington Schuetzen Verein on Tues
day evening the committee appointed to
revise the books made a report, stating that
the origino. cost Of the park was $50, 900;
Improvements since Its purchase, eco, $3.50. 20;
tofS.l cost, s62, 939.2S; on which there is yet
to be paid, $50, sol. Additional value of
park, $50, 1885, cash and stocks, ell, 600;
net profit during the year, ell SEQ.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT THE SUB.
j seriber has obtained from he Orphans Court
Of Washington COUNT, In the Distriot Of Coumb = ,
latters testamentary on the personal estate Of
Peter CollisoB, late ofWAshington county afOre
said, deceased All persons having claims aga at
he said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit
the same, with The youeher. thereof, TO the sob
hcTibeT, On or before the 10th dsy II NUyembsr
nexti they may otherwise by law be excluded
from all beneh. Of tho said estate.
Given under my hand this l6th day NJ HOyem.
Der. 1857, HELEN r COLLISION
nOlI' W3W. kxeeutTix.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

Coal ARRIyIsG.-schooners John How.
iett, Potomac, NJ steelman and Aunle T.
clark arrived at Clark's wharf, Eastern
branch, yesterday, all laden with coal far
Messrs. I. Edward Clark u Co.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

POLICEMAN RoBBED.-On Monday night
the residence OF Policeman J. W. Beall, on
seventh street, near Boundary, was entered
and $40 carried of. Some articles had been
tied up 10 bundle, but were left, the thieves
having been frightened.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

BAD BoYs.-Yesterday morning as a small
lad named Landswood Emery was leaving
Tomllnson's stationery store, on Seventh
street, above the market, he was attacked
BY crowd Of rough boys and the money In
his hands taken from him. A crowd pur-
sued the boys, and Mr.. Thomas shortell
captured John Norris, white, and Jim Simms,
colored, aud turned them over to Officer
Fitzpatrick, who took them before Justice
Mills, who, after hearing the evidence, com.
mitted them to jail. Some OF the money
was found nr,n these boys.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

y ,wAsHIS0rOS, b, O., November IL. 1859
On the petition Of HEsRY BEssENHE, Of Lon.
don, England, praying for the extension o. a
1886 for fourteen years from the llIh day q feb.
rusry, 1851 for an Improvement In hanufao'ure
1t is ordered that the testimony In the case be
closed on the 18th day OF January nexithatthe tne
for ding arguments aud the Examnur's report be
limited TO the 2lst day Of January next, snd that
said petition be heard on the 2oth day OF January
next.
SAMUEL d. FISHER,
uol7.WN Csmmissionsr Of Patents,
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

TEACHERS INSTITUTE. - Superintendent
Richards has issued q circular inviting the
teachers OF the public schools and such Ial.
pills and other persons as may feel an int,r-
est In the schools, to join In teachers In
stitutc at the Miller school building on FIJI.
day. The following Is the order of exercises /!
LIST. Opening exercises at $50 o'clock, q. IA,
under the charge Of Prof. Daniel and Pr of.
Mcfarland, followed by a discussion upon
vocal music In schools, for 80 minutes. Nj.
At 10 q. m, an exercise In reading, and a
discussion OF methods In teaching reading,
spelling, and the principles OF the Engliii
language, for one hour. Sd. Recess at II u.
M, 20 minutes. 4th. At 1850 q. m, the
methods Of teaching and learning the Eng.
lish Language resumed, and continued until
i2i3O p m. 9th. Recess, 80 minutes. 9th.
Az p m, methods Of teaching mental and
written arithmetic for one hour, aud discus
sions' 7th' At2 p. m, methods Of teaching
geography for 80 minutes. Sth. At $50 D.
M, government and punishment In schools /;
also, methods of securing punctuality and
regularity In attendance. The exercises 10
close at $3.50 p. m, and resumed at night. il
the majority Of those In attendance desire Il.
Tue FIRM Of W. 8. Chamberlain & Co. has
hsan dissnlvad
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

REAL ESTATE sALEs.-Messrs. Kllbourn
q Latta, real estate brokers, have sold lot 5,
square 9os, on Tenth street east, between Ii
aud ! Streets lot I, In same square, on |
street, between Tenth and Eleventh streets,
also, lot Q, square 960, on Tenth street east
between and q streets, to J. II. Teemyer,
at IN cents per square foot, amounting In
aggregate to u ,5ll.G2.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

PAYMENT or SCHOOL TEACugns.-Mavor
Bowen yesterday consented to sign the check
for the payment Of the teachers In the public
schools, for September. Thanksgiving day.
In many home, will b. much more happy
one In consequence.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

THE FIRM Of W. 8. Chamberlain & Co, has
been dissolved.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

They will be cordially received by mem.
bers of the profession Of that city, who are
so well known aud so kindly remembered
for their hospitality. These are the gentle
men who In their everyday walks through
life 80 beautifully illustrate the old aud
time-honored adage, "Behold how sweet Ind
pleasant 1t 10 for brothers (of the guild to
dwell together In unity"
The following are the names Of the gen
tlemen who make up the party; c. B. Baker,
Il. +. Boisseau, N. B. Goodwin, James r.
Dooley, Evening Starr Arthur Shepherd,
Bride, Chronielsj W. j. Bennett, Sunday
Herald; Porter Morse, Saturday Evening
Visitor NJ. W. Barr, Southern Associated
Press; Charles A. Pilsbury, Baltimore, Ga.
Esttsi George 7. Wilmington, Alexandria
GdEettci d. r. Mckee, New York Associated
Press r. T. Dorning, Petersburg Erprtss.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

COOP News FOR THE PoLICB.-We learn
that Mayor Bowen has stated that he will
pay to the police force the seven months
back pay, which will then be due them from
the corporation, at the end OF the current
month. This will afford much relief TO the
families that have been suffering from the
early approach Of winter.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

DIsoRDERLr CoSpUcT.-Thc officers about
tho Baltimore and Ohio depot have consid-
cradle trouble keeping "peace" among the
haekmen, cart drivers, and others, who con-
gregate about the depot on the arrival and
departure Of trains, and frequent arrests are
the result. Yesterday two white men, named
Thomas and William Brown, were arrested
BY Omcer McHenry, charged by Barney
Dowdy, colored, with assaultlng him and
using profane language. The accused were
arraigned before Justice d. r. Smith, who
nned them one dollar each, and lectured
them upon the Importance of preserving the
peace In future, especially In tho locality
above named, as the example set by disor-
derby proceedings did not favorably Impress
strangers on their arrival In Washington.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18
Stables.
COOKS BOARDING STABLE,
" on EIGHTH STREET

Between b aud ., No. 4S7.
Particular attention paid TO Bosrdinr Horses.
tor 10 we'll knnwn Of the bell feeders 10 this
District, Owners Of poor horses can have them
attended and well cared for,
wCARRIAoEs Gan DO bad st all hours for Parties.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

EoUirY CoURr-- Judge Oiia.-Thls couf,
was occupied as follows yesterday:
J. Keyworth vs.. Film p. Towers. Order
substituting Is,ac N. Morris for John ~
Oliver As trustee and directing sale.
I. Stackpole VS., q, Alfred Hall. Cause
ordered to be dismissed.
J. W. Wright W.. John Mott. Consents
order Tor Injunction.
Ursula Corcorsn vs.. WIN. A. Corcoran.
Oricr for sale OF real estates. T. Dury.
trustee.
The national Republican. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870, 1869-11-18

Davidson VS.. Washington and Alexandra
Railroad company: The report Of the receiver
by order OF the court, referred to the auditor,
with directions to investigate and report upon
satlon or commissions which should be psid
to the receiver for his services. The auditor
WAS also directed to examine the report OF the
receiver as to the repairs OF tho bridge over
the Potomac. Notice Of such exanlnA lion to
be given by publication.
Adjourned.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31
Cattle and Swine.

Two new Ordinances, just passed by our city
council and published in another column, will
be found worthy of attention. One Of these is
intended to rid the city of the squealing nui-
sance of hogs running at large in the streets,
proposing to abate it by the erection of pound,
and employing pound master to seize, impound,
and if not reclaimed within given time, to sell
all hogs found in the streets by day or night.
The other ordinance proposes to abate another
nuisance, equally grievous-that of cattle Prov
ling about the streets after night. People own
ing cows will hereafter find it prudent to keep
them up during the night, or they will be very
apt to find them in the public pound before
morning, from which it will cost the value Of
half a dozen milkings to get them released. It is
noticeable that about all the damage done to
shade trees, gardens, shrubbery, side walks, &C.,
by cattle is done in the night. The cause for
complaint on that score can be easily removed by
people who own cattle keeping them up from
o'clock p. NJ. to in the morning, as directed by
the ordinance.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

We have long needed some gentleman in our
city who will devote his whole attention to the
real estate business, and we have had this want
supplied in r. H. Lowe & Co., formerly of New
York. Mr.. Lowe is an energetic business man,
and he assures US that he is determined to DO his
utmost to give general satisfaction, and being
man of experience and perseverance, we doubt
not but that be will be successful. He has es-
tablished himself at the Clifton Hotel, and We
say to all who want to buy, sell or exchange, go
to r. H. Lowe s. 20. His list of sales of lands
will appear in our columns weekly.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

SHOOTING AFFAIR-For some time past Mrs.
Rupp, highly respectable widow lady living in
the western part of the city, has been annoyed
by teamster named VIM. Wade, forcing hin.
self into her house at night, evidently with the
very worst intentions. Twice, by screams and
threats, and alarming the neighbors, she had
succeeded in ejecting the brute from her bed
room, after he had forced himself in like burg.
lar and attempted to take liberties with her. On
Tuesday night, about o'clock, he made q third
attempt Of the kind; but the lady, taking the
advice Of her neighbors, had provided herself
with loaded revolver, and as tho brute forced
open the window and was about to enter, she
gave him q charge in the face. by which unfor.
tunately the scoundrel was not killed but only
80 seriously wounded, that he loses an eye. He
will probably not be so ready to risk another
eye in such an adventure.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31
Our Bellows.

Not wishing to be outdone by competitors,
even in the matter of blo,o'ag, we have contract
ed with King, Storm II hurricane for the con-
struction of bellocs with which to do the 6loio.
ing for our firm. It's receipt will DO duly
heralded. In the meantime we would state
candidly for the benefit of the fen, who trade at
other places that ours is by far the best place to
make their purchases, not only in the matter Of
getting better goods at lower prices but the Ger.
tainty of increased prosperity and good health.
Our customers are seldom sick, and consequently,
but rarely if ever die.
LYNCH, 1 ATTY e. O'IlANE.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

If you do not feel we'll, you send for doctor
he calls upon you, looks wise sucks the head Of
his cane, scrawls some hleog glyhpics upon piece
of paper which you take to a drug store, and
there pay Scots. to $l.0O beside the doctor fee,,
for remedy nine tunes out of ten not half as
good as Judson's Mountai' Herb pills, which are
only twenty-five cents per hox. Do you think
the former the best becau you pay the most
for it If you do, advis fou to use just for an
experiment the Judson's ountain Herb Pills,
and see for yourscl, that they one of the best
family medicines compounded, they cure Heast,
ache, Indigestion, Blliousness, Jaundice, and de.
Female Irregularities. Give the Mountain Hall
Pills trial Sold by all dealers. June5-1m.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

Mr.. j. w. Dean has moved his whole livery
establishment into his splendid new barn on
jackson street, opposite the Baptist Church.
The barn, in its structure arrangement and dx-
lures, will compare favOrably with any similar
establishment in the state. 1t is not only fine
barn. but Mr.. D. has filed it with host of splen-
did horses, carriages, buggies, flies,
gigs, or whatever the good people may want to
enjoy drive in. Mr.. D. can not only supply an
Incompatible "rig" at all times, but has the rare
quality Of being reasonable in his charges
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

BODY FeuND.-Cspt Rising, Of the firm of
Smith & Rising, of this city, on Friday last,
while rambling ab,ut one Of the islands above
town, found lying upon the beach, the body OF
q male infant, apparently four or five days old.
Information was given to the coroner and an in
quest was held upon the remains, but no facts
were enlisted ns to the paternity of the child.
The body had doubtless hoated down from some
point possibly many miles above.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

Ottawa is still infested with burglars. On
Friday evening of last week they attempted to
go through she restaurant and bakery of Mr.. J.
l.. Piergue. They had nearly succeeded in en-.
tering back window when they were discover.
ed by one of Mr.. P's bakers, who WAS still at
work, and who, on demanding their business and
getting no answer, sent leaden messenger
among them from the mouth of revolver. The
only thing to be regretted is, that the aim was
not sufficiently accurate to bring the rascals to
dead halt
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

CALIFORNIA PEARS IN OTTAWA Henry
Walther is again ahead He astonished the slow
coach fruit dealers in Ottawa, Thursday, by dis
playing ut his famous ioe cream and fruit and
confectionery establishment next to Post Office
block fresh, delicious pears for sale. Ave days from,
California! They are such fruit AZ we can ordi-
narily get here in October, and not then except
at q very big figure. Henrys next feat will
probably be to give US fresh green figs from the
Sandwich Islands.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

GUESS THEY WILL.-We rather guess. if the
trade at Reddick & Gillen's continues q few
weeks longer as 1t run last week, their enormous
summer stock will be pretty effectually thinned
out before Che fall trade commences. The prices
at which they are selling such goods would rush
them off like whilwind if times were twice a.
hard. Trust Hughey for driving trade when he
has made up his mind to sell any how.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

NJ STlEREL has stock of Summer Clothing
for men and boys from which the most fastidious
can make a selection in very few minates.-
With many man it is difficult undertaking to
select neat garment, but it is easy work when
all the prevailing styles are before you. With a
dress suit, pair Of Alexander kids aud nice
dress hat are indispensable. Call at the popular
Clothing Bazaar, 120 Main st. near La Sale ut.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

l. o. o. F.-The old Lodge of Odd Fellows at
La Sale, No. 10, which had been suffered TO 20
to sleep was revived and reorganized on Thurs
day evening, starting with 70 members, and 20
applicants for admission. The Lodge was reviv-
ed and the new officers installed by special dep
uty G. NJ, ]. o. Harris. Interest was added to
the proceedings by the presence of delegations
from Lodge No. "a at Peru, and Nos. Al and s26
at Ottawa. The following were the officers in.
stalled.
DR.. Z. B. DRY, n. G.
J, b. DAY, V. G..
JAMES DUNCAN, Sec'y.
VIM. t. MASON, Treas.
The new Lodge at Ottawa, of which mention
was made in our last, was organized on Monday
evening, by J. Ward Ellis, Grand Master Of the
state. The Lodge is named Tonti No. 500. AT
ter the organization ceremonies, and the election
of officers, speech of deep interest was made by
the Grand Master, followed by speeches from
other prominent members of the order. Breth-
rem from Ottawa Lodge No. Al, from Lessing
Lodge No. $50 and from Marseilles Lodge No.
200 were present, and added interest to the occa-
sion The hall had been beautifully decorated
in honor of the event by the Daughters of Re-
becca.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

AT CHILD AND BRo's-Farmers' dress boots
only So; Rainbow. s.; Fine Kid, 81 so; Stoga
Kip, So 5094 90; Star Boots, s.; rrench Kip,
$6a$7; "The Davenport Boots"-Calf, $S; Kip,
$6 10S70O. Boys boots-all Of the above grades
but the Davenport" Youths boots-Kip and
Calf, with copper toes and plated heels. $29$a
"a very large assortment and very cheap
Mems Box.toed calf, $3a$4. The box.toed are
extremely fashionable and durable. Wax Shoes,
81 OOa$2 so; Bluff Balls, 81 5O@$250. Ladies'
Button, Lace, Congress, side and front lace serge
goods, $39$5.
Who can afford not to buy at such prices
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

AS we go to press we notice working
mems meeting is gathering in the court house.
The party is making rapid headway in this
city, and, as their principles are founded in
Justice, are bound to win. We shall give an
account of the proceedings in our next.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31

Dr. J. B. Walker, of Chicago, may be consult
cd at the Park House, Ottawa, on Saturday next,
Aug. 7th, from to 5 o'clock and on the first
Saturday in each month at the same place. At
all other times he may be found at the Dspen.
sary for Diseases Of the Eye and Ear, SO Madi.
son st., Chicago.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1869-07-31
Auenta.

ALEX. vAUaHrr, ESQ, is authorized agent at Seneca
Ill., to receive pay for old Subscription to the Free
Trader and contract for job printing, &c All orders sent
through him receive prompt attention.
j. MONTGOMERY Esq, Is authorized Agcntat Leland
this county to receipt for subscriptions to the Free Ira
der, advertising. &c.
c. DoSAGHHo, ESQ., and G. W. CUNNrNs, are our autho-
rxed agents receipt for subscriptions to the FRER TIA
DER for advertisements &c. at the town of streator In
this county. -
J. W. BROWNE ESQ, authorized agent at Earville.
In this county receipt for subscriptions to and ADVERTISE
ment In the Free Trader.