New-York tribune., 1869-03-18
PROTECTION.
HENRY C. CAREYs on MR. wELLSs REPoR'

rcspects the relation ~ legislation by the Natona
oept the adoption OF liberal policy in the disposition Of
the public lands Il - %',' , $50 10 rrTn much hat
Is positive. unless, Ia Con."iny Mill n0 ma SA, ic .nae
~ gI a. To- be- regarded in the light Of apostso
good II important results iolowed the acqnisltlon y,
nor antcipaTed while CARDS commercial legisl9ion
review Of all me iIeiS m ~ fnu instability
have not far than couItc'balanccd any &
that may have proceeded lfoh uie experience VI "-'
tuatinG policy -
That fluctuations Of policy are to be avoided is very
certain but what bg 10 ask, are those OF Which you
bavo now been led sTcakf Are they 10 DC 1ohul lh
tho changes forced upon in 1924, S 49, ana o. by
the almost universal ruin. public ana private OF the
closing wears OF those British free trade periods when
commenced IN 1917 In 1885, and In 1907 Are they not
rather to be found in those several Gbanoo"msmS o
Ap,eTlcan policy which led 10 the ruin OF 1870, 23 OF
lsn o. Of 1885, 6ll To Of those systems OF policy
the one American, the ether tsh you here object but
20 which of them you Tins opposed you do not clearly
state Which is it yOn in future TO stand Defore
the world as advocate Of the great British capitalists
who would compel our farmers to make all ther eA-
changes in Liverpool of the farmer himself VINO seeks
70 have the market brought 10 home as to enable
him To free his land and himself that terrific tax"
Of transportation by Of which he, in the past has
been so nearly ruued We have here very important
question that you may he enabled to answer Win
satisfaction to yourself, propose now to furlSh are
view Of all the facts that thus far been developed
TO wit:
British free trade almost crushed ont the great iron
manufacture the period from 1877 10 "a; parayzed II
in thar from 49, and dd the same In that from as
to co.
American freedom Of commerce, resulting from pro-
lection against varfare" Of British capitalists,
more than trebed the iron production from 1874 to 49,
did the same from 49, and has doubled it since
1861.
British free trade permanently added single tun
to production the whole so years OF It's e1
lsteuce.
American freedom Of commerce has added 100000
tuns IN the less than 20 years that the country has been
ruled by the tariffs Of 1928, -. and 81.
British free trade closed cotton mills that had been
brought into existence during tho war for freedom OF
navigation and sailors rights, which commenced In
1907 and found close 1915. 1t wholly arrested pro
gress in the period which closed In lSl2i and almost
wholly in that which ended n co. doing this In despite
Of that great discovery California treasures by means
OF which the cotton manufacture should have teDed
American freedom OF commerce doubled the cotton
consumption in the period ending in S3 1t almost trebled
1t in that ending in 1t has added 80 per cent
thereto last four y,as and promises soon to ex
hbit increase great as TO make home demand foI
half the crop.
British free trade prevented tho growth of either the
iron manufacture IN the South, and thus pre-
vented that dlyersfcaton OF empoyments which would
peacefully and prOftaby have given freedom to the
Ilave, while increasing tcnfold the value of land
American freedom OF commerce gave TO the South
cotton manufacture tEat IN le4I Was OF te inquest pIO
ise II proposes to give 20 it every variety OF manu-
facture thereby greatly aiding the cause Of freedom
while largely Increasing tie fortunes Of those who owl
the land.
British free trade bsnkrupted merchants and manufao
turers and filed cities with in 1920 ls42 anc
1850
American freedom OF commerce gave prosperity to
merchants and manufacturers and profitable employ
ment to the laborer IN the periods which closed with
and 1913 and doing the same under the pro-
tective tarif OF 1861.
British free trade prevented immigration in the period
preceding effective action Of the tariff Of 1929 1t para
lyzed IL in that which closed in 1884 1t had almost an
initiated 1t in that which closed in 1862.
American freedom OF commerce quadrupled immigra-
ton in the period controlled by the protective tariff Of
1928 quadrupled it again under that controlled by
the tariff of ~; and it has been than rebled
under the tariff of 81.
British free trade almost annihated the railroad
est IL the period which closed with did tho
in that which closed with lsCl.
American freedom Of commerce gave new life and ygor
to the interest in the period from lsl2 TO 9s To
far greater extent it has done the under the tariff
OF 1861.
British free trade throughout its several periods Of
istence has looked to crushing the domestic com
merce increasing the necessity for seeking distant
markets; and to throwing farmers all the "tax"
of transportation
American freedom OF commerce has sought to bring
the market to the farmers door, thereby freeing him
from all such "tax," while throwing the foreign man
ufacturr all the expenses standing between his market
aud himself
British free trade throughout its whole existence sub
Jected farmers TO heavy that to frightful
extent their properties. In sls-23 ls4O42 and S56O
changed hands under the shenh's hammer
American freedom Of commerce, in all ts several
periods, has given prosperity the farmer and has
already far relieved him from the "tax" OF trans
portaton that and for the first time history he is
almost everywhere free from the burden Of mort
gage and other debts
British free trade gave tho financial revulslons OF
1883 1872 ls57C running merchants and lnanufac-
turers; almost annIhatng public private revenues
making the rich everywhere richer the poor every
where poorer and forcing tho Treasury creation
OF burdensOme debts.
American freedom OF commerce filed the Treasury 10
repetiOn in the period ending 1885, saved from
bankruptcy in 1872 II found the Treasury empty In 1861
and since then has supplied with the Of making
the most gigantic recorded tho annals Of the
world.
British free trade, throughout, has looked to making
Liverpool the hub OF a great wheel Of which American
railroads to DO tie spokes. as necessary conse
queDee Of which there cohesion among the parts
Of which the Union had beeu composed OF this dscOrd
rebellion, civil war; the unavoidable results.
American freedom OF commerce looking, as 1t always
has looked TO the creation Of great network OF roads
tends toward bringing ali the States into close cOmmu
nOn each with every other and thus establishing that
complete harmony Of interests to which alone can we
look for perpetuatOn Of this Union
Such Is the review for which, In the extract from
your Report above given you have seemed to call
ing studied It, and having satisfied yourself that 1t
tans nothing that may not DO accepted historical
TRUTH" you may perhaps, be prepared TO furnish
swers to the following questions, TO wit:
Why is 1t that protection be really adverse TO free
dom and to the general prosperity Of people, inmi