New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-09-23
STATE CONVENTIONS.


payments which unwilling to sec po.pO6edd MI me
bonds of the United states Would Do nc" seouIS O
the National credit
FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
x,oD e,irs At home turn to affairs abroad and here
ish 10 sneak cautiously. In speaking at all break
vow with myself 10 open my lips on these quesuous
..cept in the Senate. yield 20 friendly pressure Anu
vet kpow no reason why should not speak. IL was
Toieyrand who somebody apOlOgizng Tor what Dgnt
DE an lndscreet question, feIled tnSt an % ., ~
he indiscreet, but not question: MY aDs"eI s"" "'
In onT foreign relations there with two cardinal
nrnciples which / have hesitation TO avow at al
sympathy with all struggling for Human Rights IN
neither Of these would fail for each rs essential feaSe
So Tor us "A universal cOnqueror. Through peace the
whole world will be FILLED with the might OF peace,
the sympathy we extend wiz De next 70 aace; d
allow foreign nations 70 know our sentiments, so that
even where there is difference there shah be no just
cause for ofense.
- RELATIONS WITH SPAIN.
In tins spirit would now approach Spain VINO can
forget that great historic monarchy, whose empire en-
crcled tile globe and whose kings were lords OF man
kindG Patron Of that renowned navigator, through
whom she became the dscoverer Of this hemisphere her
original sway within 1t surpassed that Of any other
power At last her extended possessions the main
land by COrtez and PzarrO oOsed themselves from
her grasp Cuba ana Porto eO islands of the GULL re-
NAMED. And now Cuban insurgents demand independ-
ence a nation. For months they have engaged in
inces and blOodshed the witnesses. The beautiful
island. where sleeps Christopher Columbus with the
eptaph that he gave TO CASTLE and Leon new world Is
last becoming q desert, while the nation TO which he
gave the world contendng for its last possession
there On this simple statement TWO questions occur
ast TO the duty OF Spain, and secondly as to the
duty OF the United States
Unwelcome il may be TO that famous Castan pride,
which has PLAYED sooity part IN modern Europe spain
must not refuse to see the case IN ats true gh nor can
recall how the thirteen American colonies achieved indie
oendence against an the power OF England-how all her
own colonies the American main achieved indepen-
1ence against her own most strenuous e0rts-hOw at
ms England preparing to release her north
depeuuenCe.
Ealing these examples II will be proper for her to CEN
nder " they do not illustrate tendency OF all colonies,
which remarked by an illustrous Frenehman, even
before the independence OF the United States. Never
yo ESQ said Coo1ss are like fruits Which hold to
The tree only until maturtywhen sufficient TO them
,c DO" Has not Cuba reached this condition OF ma
urtyi Is IL not sufficient for itselfl At all events is
victory colony c0nendDR for independence worth
,he blood and treasure 10 will cost These serious
questions, which be answered properly only by put
confronting the actual condition Of Things Nor must the
ssse of Cuba be COMPOUNDED for moment with
ment of Republic 10 found New Power with Slavery
It's declared cornerstone. For myself, cannot doubt
mat IN the interest OF both parties Cuba and SPAIN and
n the interest OF humanity also, the contest should be
closed Nor can the enlightened mind fail to that the
Spanish power on this island is an anaehrOnism The day
Of European colonies has passed-at least in this hemi
sphere, where the rights Of were first proclaimed
from Europe. nominated by crown constant wit
against these fundamental principles.
As the true for Spain Is clear so to my mind is
the of United States equally clear 1t
10 avoid involving ourselves in any way. Enough Of
war have We had without heedlessy assuming another
enough has commerce been driven from the ocean
without heedlessy arOusng another enemy. Two pol.
ce were open TO us at the beginning OF the lnsurecon
One TO unite ourfortunes openly with the insurgents
assuming the responsibilities OF such an alliance, with
the hazard OF letters OF narque issued by spain and open
war. The other policy was TO make Spain feel that we
wish her nothing but good and that especially since the
expulsion of her royal dynasty cherish for her
dial and kindly sympathy II said that republics are
nngrateul but would forget that, the beginning
Of revolutionary struggle, fathers aided by
her money as aterward by her arms and that one OF her
statesmen Florida Blanca, bent his energies TO the
organization Of that armed neutrality in Northern Eu'
rope which turned the scale against England say moth
ing of the motives by which Spain then governed
1T something that in our day OF need she lent us help
in hand.
be pOworess except as an enemy. The second policy
may enable us to exercise important influence. The
am satisfied that the rule for nonnter-
yen9n, except in the way OF good Offices This ancient
have heard Of Hunting the slipper. The Spanish COM
edy is Hunting King The Spanish tragedy is sending
armies against Cuba do not wish TO take part in the
comedy the tragedy If Spain is wise she will give up
both. Meanwhile we have duty which 3 determined
pair What that preseribes follow
RECOGNITION OF BEIIIGERENcE.
BY that law. understand it, nations not left to
any caprice There is rule Of conduct which they
must follow, subject always to just accountability where
they depart from it On ordinary occasions there
questions for 1t is with nations with individuals 1t is
only az critical moment where the rule is obscure
precedens are uncertain that doubt arises now
the question OF recognizing the beleerenee of the Cuban
Fact atesied by evidence If the fact does not exist
there nothing 10 recognize, The fact cannot be in
what our sympathy. what the extent Of desires.
we must look at the fact There may be insur.
rectiOn without reaching this condition, which is at
beast the halfway house TO independence. The Hungar
when they against Austria did not reach IT, al
though they had large armies in the field and KOsuh
their Governor; the Poles in repeated instructions
against Russia never reached IL, although the conflict
made Europe vbrate; the SepOys and R3jabs OF India
Jailed also. although for time they held in check the
whole English power; nor IN my opinion, did our Rebels
ever reach IT, so far to Justify their recognition the
II the Cuban insurgents have yet reached this
point have never seen the evidence They are III arms,
Where is their Governments Where are their pOrtsl
Where their tribunals OF justice and where their
How then is the fact" of belligerencef
There is another question in their case which is with
Anal Even II they come within the prerequisites Of
international law am unwilling to make any recogni-
tion OF them, long they continue to hold human
signed by Cespcdcs abolished Slavery; but am rot sure
Of this decree especially in Of another in July pur
porting 10 from the authority, maintaining
Slavery. Unti tins is settled we must wait.
the recognition Of begerence there's much latitude
OF OpinCn-sOme asserting that nation may take this
step whenever pease but this pretenson excludes
idea that beyerence always question Of fact on the
evidence IhdouDtedy an independent nation may 40
anything in It's power whenever it pleases; but subject
always 10 just accountability II another suffers from
what 1t does. This may be illustrated in the three
different cases OF independence, and belgerence.
IN each case the declaration Is an exercise OF high preoga
tive Inherent Ia every nation and kindred 10 that Of
eminent domain; but nation declaring without
Just cause becomes WrOng-dOer nation recognizing
independence whore does not exist in fact becomes
wrongdOer and so nation, recognizing belliGerence
where il does not exist in fact, becomes wrong
also. ON the latter point there is of presidents
sufficiently clear and authortativefbut with there
one rule such case which cannot disobey In the
Of any precise Injunction, do hesitate 20
adopt That Interpretation OF international law which
places and all that make for under the strongest
Observation-Disclosures that in this way shall best pro
mote sterilization aud obtain new security for Inter
national Peace.
RELATIONS WITH ENGLAND.
From the OF Spain pass to the case Of England
There for the present, content myself with brief
PLANTATION. On this subject have never broken silence
except with PAIN and hope not 10 say anything now
which shah augment difficulties, although, when con
hlGer how British anger was aroused by an effort in
nnOIhnr md GOD nv all VIII hnard III nacinc