Orleans independent standard. [volume] (Irasburgh, Vt.) 1856-1871, 1869-03-30

will advocate dispensing with so I'M
portant an operation, particularly
while the trees are young. Cultlva-
ton hastens maturity, inasmuch as 1t
assists growth, and those who neglect
it will usually discover their mistake
when too late for introducing rem
edy. By keeping the surface OF the
soil open and loose, we insure the
rapid descent of rain to the root, and
the absorption of moisture from the
air, both very important considera-
tons 10 a dry climate or season.
That loose, sponge-like soil not
only admits moisture more readily
than heavy, compact one, but will
retain larger quantity and for lon
ger time. is well known to every one
who has examined a cultivated and
uncultivated field.
As moisture is not only an impor
tant element in itself, forming, as it
does, the greater part Of the bulk Of
many vegetables, as well as dissolv-
ing the plant food in the soil, and then
becoming the medium of transmitting
it through the living organism, it must
be apparent that supply is one of
the requisites Of success in all depart
ments of fruit culture.
Too much moisture may be as in
furious as too little, and ao d Cultiva-
ted soil permits the surplus to pass
off by percolation as well as evapor-
alton, the Importance of cultivation is
evident to prevent extremes in either
direction. If we SOW wheat, rye, oats
or any of the cereals among trees,
they abstract large amount of mOis-
ture from the soil, and usually at the
very time when the trees need it the
most; consequently such crops are
more or less injurious. To seed down
the land to grass is even a more OBJ
jectionable practice, because the soil
is not disturbed once IN a season,
which would be of some benefit to the
trees growing therein. 1t is not only
for the purpose of regulating the sup
ply of moisture, that cultivation is
recommended, but frequent manipula
ton of the soil assists in its decompo
sition, thereby furnishing the requisite
amount of food to the trees.
| For the first few years after plant
ing the trees, the soil around then
should be thoroughly cultivated, anC
as few people will do this unless al
immediate return for their labor CAL
be secured, such crops as beans, pc
tatoes. or other vegetables, may bt
grown in the orchard, but as mucl
fertilizing materials should be added
annually as is removed in the crop
There are without doubt soils so ricl
; and deep that they will support tree
without any of these precautions, bu
they must be considered as exception
to the general rule; but no weeds
grass, or otner plants should ever b,
allowed to grow near the stems of
young trees, especially apple-trees
, because, as is we'll known, the paren
of the apple-tree-borer will depOsi
her eggs more frequently in trees thu
, surrounded than in those not furnish
ed with such a convenient retreat.
Mulching the soil around newl,
planted trees is sometimes practise,
: with beneficial results, but if continue,
for several years in succession, it vii
cause the roots to grow near the SUI
face, where they are more liable to b
; injured in severe winters. as well a
in long-protracted drouths in summer
| than if deeper in the soil.
|, In cultivating an orchard with
I plough, some care is requisite to pre-
vent injuring the roots, and the so
I should not be worked so deep nea
the trees as at a distance from then
but if an occasional root or a numbe
: of them are destroyed, it will be ia
J. less injurious than total neglect o.
/. cultivation. When the trees becom
n so large that they shade the soil III
n derneath them, then cultivation ma
9 be dispensed with, and the land seeC
e ed down to clover or grass, or, wha
: would be still better, used as a pa
Y ture for hogs, but in no case shoul
t. cattle or even sheep be allowed in a
O orchard. AS a rule, orchards shout
{ be cultivated for the first ten or fiftee
e years, but should circumstances sho
that this system can be dispensed wit
g in less time, then adopt such pla
}. and adhere to it for the alternate sy
G tenn of ploughing for year or tw
e and then seeding down the land anon
l. trees is scarcely to be recommends
!. for any soil or Northumberland an
d Home.
= The BAROsCOPE.-A new instr
ment, called barQscOpe, is realizin
l. large sale. 1t comes to Paris fro
{ Havana. ItprOgnosticates the weatht
:. twenty-four hours in advance,
r. changes in the fluid contained in
e tube. To make one, take glass tub
n foot long and three and one-thir
o inches in circumference; fill it wit
= the following liquid: camphor, tw
parts saltpetre, one part; salts o
. ammonia one part; dissolved In a
- cohol and partially percipitated wit
distilled water. Then close the TUT
: and place it in the air towards tt
. north, and out Of the sun. You wi
- then observe the following barometer
:. phenomena: for fine weather, tt
liquor in the tube will be transparent
: for rain, there will be crystalline
!, stars floating about in the liquid; ft
= tempest, the liquid will be full G
!; crystals, in an apparent state of fe
ment; for wind, the crystals will a
here to the side of the tube from whiC
e the wind is going to blow. This sill
g pie invention is more certain al
9 cheaper than any other barometer
D. use.-P0riS Letter.
y CURE FOR SCRATCHES Wash ii
part affected with CASTLE soap, al
20 uhon drv ruh On ,rat.y frooI,, -,