The New York herald., 1869-11-21
A + r I g a.
DR.. LivingstOne's Report On His Explo.
ratiOns and the Sources of the
Nile-The Problem Snow Solved"
From the London Post, Nov. 81

From the London Post, Nov. 81
The opening meeting Of the session Of the Royal
Geographical Society was held last evening in the
Theatre OF The Royal Institution. Albemarle street,
Sir r. Murchson, the president, In the chair There
was crowded and fashionable attendance. the
Count de Paris the Duke Of wellington, Sir Bartle
Frere and Mr.. Crawford, NJ. p, were among those
present.
The PRESIDENT In his address, said:-The two OBJ
jects which most occupied our thoughts when the
previous session closed, and on which dwelt in my
last anniversary address, are now rejoice to say.
in the way Of being satisfactorily carried out. Our
illustrious associate Livingstone, whose life has
been despaired Of by the multitude. but whose
temperance among us, as you know, l never
DOUBTED, Will, l trust bring US ere long
the first account Of q region Of Southern
and thus, by actual observation, will have set at rest
all theoreucal specuations respecting the hydro
graphy or that vast portion OF Africa lying to the
north OF those territories watered by the Zambesi
which he had previously made his own.
Tnc PRESIDENT mentioned that as he was entering
the room he received private letter from Dr. Liv-
ingstone 1t extended over twelve pages closely
written, and was OF a private nature Whatever 1t
contained Of public interest would be made public
at the earliest moment
The PRESIDENT then requested the secretary to
read the despatch which had been received by the
Secretary for Foreign Affairs from Dr. Livingstone
The SECRETARY then read the despatch, which was
as foilows:-
SOUTH CENTRAL AFRICA July, 1868.
MY LORD-When l had the honor or writing to
was tnen the watershed between tine ZamDesi
and either the Congo or the Nile. more extended
observation has since convinced me OF the
essential correctness OF that impression; and
from what l have seen, together with what |
have learned from intelligent natives, think that
may safely assert that the chief OF Nile
arise between 10 deg and IL deg. south latitude orr
nearly III the position assigned to them by Ptolemy
whose river Rhapta is probably the Rovuma Aware
that others have been mistaken and layinl
to nlalloty, DO not yet speak very positively par
tcuary OF the parts west and northwest Of Iangan-
yika, because these have not yet come under my
servation but your Lordship Will read the following
short sketch Of my discoveries you VIII perceive that
the springs OF the Nile have hitherto been searched
for very much too far to the norlh They rise some
400 miles south OF the most southery portion OF the
Victoria Nyanza ana indeed south OF all the lakes
except Bangweolo.
Leaving the valley Of the Loangwa which enters
the ZaEpesi at Zumbo, we climbed up what
seemed to be q great mountain mass but 1t
turned out to be only the southern edge OF an
elevated region, which is from 1000 to 5000 feet
ABOVE the level OF the sea. This upland may
roughly be said to cover space south OF Lake Tan
ganyiKa OF some $50 miles square. 1t is generally
covered with dense or open forest has an undulat-
ing, sometimes hy, surface, q rich soil, is well
watered by numerous rixuets and, for Africa, is
cold. Ii slopes toward the north ana west, but
have fouad no part OF it under 5000 feet of alti.
tude. The country OF Usango, situated east of the
space Indicated. is also an upland, and affords
| Bassango, q remarkably llght-colored race very
| friendly 10 strangers. Usango forms the eastern'
or western side Is formed by what are called the
kone Mountains, beyond the copper mines Of
katanga. Still further west, and beyond the Kone
range or plateau, our old acquaintance the ZambeZ
under the name Jamba Is said TO rise. The south
ern END OF the great valley enclosed between Usango
and the Kone range Is between ii deg and IL deg.
south. IL was rarely possible there to see star,
but accidentally awaking one morning between two
and three O'Clock. found one which showed lati.
tude IL deg 90 min. south and, we were then
lairy on the upland. Next day we passed two
riy1lets running norih. AS we advanced brooks
GnYnn 1oUf
eastward to fall into the Loangwa; Others went
northwest to JOIN the river ChanDeze. Mlsed by
bezi, eastern branch" took 1t to be the southern
river OF that name; but the Chambeze with all Its
OF the great upland valley mentioned which is pro-
oably the valley of the Nile. 1t Is an Interesting
river, as helping to form three lakes, and changing
Its name three tunes In the 500 miles of It's
course 1t was first crossed by the Portuguese, who
always inquired for ivory and slaves, and neard Of
nothing else. person who collected all even the
hearsay geography OF the Portuguese, knew 80 little
actually Of the country that he put large river here
running 5000 feet uphill, and called 1t the New
Zanbezi.
crossed the Chambeze in 10 deg "a m. south and
several OF Its continents south and north quite as
large as the Isis at Oxford, but running faster and
having hlppopotami In them. l mention these anl-
mails because in navigating the Zambezi could
always steer the steamer boldly to where they lay,
sure OF fndng not less than eight feet OF water The
ChamDeze runs INTO Lake Bangweolo, and on coming
out OF 1t assumes the name OF Luapua. The Lua.
pula flows down north past the town OF Cazembe,
and twelve miles below 1t enters Lake Moero. On
leaving Moero at its northern end Dy rent in the
mountains OF Rua, 1t taxes the name Lualaba, and
passing on NN.W. forms Ulenge IN the country west
of langanyika. have seen IL only where 1t leaves
Moero and where IL comes out OF the crack In the
mountains OF Rua, but am quite satisfied that even
before 1t receives the river Sofunso from Marungu
and the Sobur from the Baioba country, It Is quite
SUFFICIENT 10 form Ulenge whether that Is q lake
with many ISLANDS, as some assert or sort OF
PunIab division into several branches as Is
gathered up by the Luflra, q large river which By
many conuents drains the western side OF the great
valley have not seen the Lufra, but pointed out
west OF eleven degrees SOUTH 1t Is there asserted
always TO require canoes This Is purely native nfor
malion some intelligent men assert that when Lufra
takes up the water OF Uenge 1t flows north northwest
lnto Lake Cnowambe. which conjecture to be that
discovered by hr. Baker. Others think that II goes
into Lake Tanganyika at uvIra. anG still passes
moithWard INTO Chowambe Dy u river named Loanda.
inese are the parts regarding which suspend my
judgment II am In there and live through
~, snall correct myself My opinion at present is
u tne large amount OF water have seen going north
uoes not now past Ianganyika on the west, IL must
nave h an exit from the lake, and In all likelihood
nf tue Loanda Looking back again 10 the upland
~ ~ wen divided into districts, LoDsa, Lobemba,
uoesngu, ltana, Loperc. Kabulre, Marungu, Lunda,
OF Londa, and Rua the people are known by the int
La ia instead OF the initial Io or for country.
ie hne arabs soften ia into Wa In accordance with
ouahe dialect; the natives never do. on the
oineln sope OF the upland on the 2d April 1861,
! discovered Lake Lienba; IL lies In a hollow
WIN Mmn prsclpitous sides 1000 feet down: 1t is ex-
usney . beautiful, sides, top and bottom being COW
eren WIN trees and other vegetation Elephants,
Dunaoes ahd antelopes feed on the steep slopes,
n wanv n'ppOpotani, crocodes and fish swarm IN the
"a.eis. puns Delng unknown the elephants, unless
soaetines SON deceived into ptla, have 1t all their
1'se mn. xononh ls as perfect q natural para
TWO rocky Islands men til the land rear goats
ann catcn nsh; the villages ashore are uncovered
IN the palm oil palms OF the West CoasL or Africa
-Four considerable streams now into LIemba and a /
HuinDer oi Dtoohs tScotttce trout burns'v, from
sweve 70 20 mteen ieet broad, leap down the steep,
DrIsht req clay scnst rocks and form splendid cas-
cades that made the dullest OF nv attendants pause
ana reiDaIK WIN wonder, ! measured one