, 1869-05-23

1defB&2udiaR, Lake away ffoE1 me cent or 1To
.ch, under p1ete1t Of protecting somebody ie
or or Oh, Or lead, when the balance Is struck, | p
ud that Of my thirty cents l hare only nteen p
Il from the pllaEe
Ppsklbly on may AnHref that those few pennies 3
hch pass thus, w1thoIt compensation, from ny
ocket to jour, support naraber Of people about
our chateau, aud Al the ZANE time assist you in Z
eep!ug up your establishment To which, II Jon 4
roud permit me, woufi replg. they would ike {
Etke support number u persons in my cottage
However thIs may te, Hon. AlnissereXanufac- | I
utrr, knowing that xhould meet with cold IT,
option were 70 ask Jou to renounce the rest.c-
Ton Imposed upon 5our customers, - hare |
tgt, TO- prefer to follow the fashion, snd to de-
uand Tor myself, also, a little uo1sel Of pro:ee-
tvr.
To this dou''r1css you win !ntespose some OBJ
cctlons. Frend," you viii say, ~ would be
zlsd to protect you md your colleagues: but how
can confer such tayors upon the labor Of car
renters: Shall prohibit the importation Of
houses BY Ianl aud by sea."
This would eccm sutlcient1y ridiculous, but BY
giving 4uch Thought TO the subject, have dts
eoyefed ! KIy 10 protect the children os st
Joeeph, and you will, trust, the more readily
x1ant 1t 1nce dl1ers In respect nom the priv
Hexe whseh you Fote fer yourself eyerJ yeaE
This wonderful way Is To prohibit the Use OF
shasF hatchets tn France.
SAY thas this restriction would be neither more
Illogical nor arbitrary than thaI which you sub}ect
us to in rreard to your cloth.
Why do you drive Away the BelgiAns. Because
shcy sell cheaper than ron do. And why do they
sell cheaper than you do: Because they hre IN
ao,uc way Or another your kupedoU ~ nanufac-
turtra-
Be,xeen you and the gelgtAnS then, there Is ex-
act,y the same difference that there Is between I
dali hatcnet and sharp one. And you compel |
me- carpenter; to buy the wprkman2hip Of your
dull Ratchet! -...
Consider France laborer, Obliged to live BY his
daily sof, aud destrtnR, among other thinRs, to
purchase c.ot:,. There Afe twO means OF doing
this Tie dr.t is to card the wool and weave the
clctn hlnself; the second Is 70 manufacture
cloces, Or WINS. or Wallpaper. or something Of
tho SGT, and exchange them In Belgium for
cle;h-
The process. which g.ves the largest result may
t,c rrprr+cntesl hy the sharp hatchet; the other
process b5 the du'! nne. ..... ....
Yo1 will not denJ that II the present day ID
France It Is more difncuIt 70 manufacture cloth
| than to cnlt.eate the vine. The former Il tho
| .1nN ha.chct, the latter tho sharp one. On the
contrary, 5ou make this greater ditlcuty the SesJ
| reason why you recommend to Us the1woDt Of
| the two hatchetA. ....
Sow, then, be consistent, you wiA not BE-
I Just, and treat the poor carpenteEs a. well ID
| YOU treat yourself Make 4 law which ahal
read: "It Is forbidden to use beams or ahtngles
| wh!ck have uot been tashloned BY dull hatch
eta
And you will Immediately perceive the result.
Where *e now strike Al hundred blows with
the arr. We Rhal be obliged to gtEe three hun
dred. What powerful encour19ementfto Indus
uyl Appreciates, toorneynen and1Enastefl we
should snffer no more. We should be S1EeatJ
songht aftet. md 10 swaJ well paid WhoeTes
wiahes 10 enjoy 4 roof mast leave Is 10 mike
hl. ta1td, Just "a buyers AT now obliged to sue
nit to you.
! AA for those freetrade theorists, should they
eye1 venture to cal the utility Of this system It
question, we should know where to 60 for II
| nnAnswe.shle argument. -FOUR Investigation O.
1874 IL at our serTlee. We should fKht then
with thst, for there 5ou hare admirably ricadet
the cause Of prohibition, and Of dull hhtchets
which arc both Tie 2aue.
DEAFNESS
couk!ier.s uy duty to say \ few words In re
gard TO the siclusion cauked by the words dea
and chap. At the frst glance, I'M aware, yo1
may De disposed to ind these remarks somewha
subtle, but vhether subtle not, the question
whether they arr true Fuf my pArt cousIde
them perfectly true, and particularly well adapte,
to cause reelection among q large number OF thos
who cherish d sincere faith In the efficiency Q
protection
Whether advocates Of free trade or defender
| rI plO&eCtlVH. VIC H4E al VOl4EA " u2Ac QSe Y
the expression daaFEtss And ehtaffnest. The 70,
mer take rides In behalf Of ehtapnss, hAv1ng /
view the .nitrsst4 0! CONSUMERS. The latter pr
nounee themselves IN tavor Of iaarseA+, prtoccup1
tcS 1acnselse8 aolc.y with the interests OF ii
producer. LtheFs intervene. saying, producer an
eo,.u,aer ond lAr sar"<, which leaves who'll
Undecided rhe question whether che2puess or des
nc-s ought to te the object Of legislation.
In this conflict Of opinion It seems to me II.
there 10 only one poattsou for the faw to t2te-,
allow Frtcea 10 regulate themselves NATURAL
Ert the principle OF ''lcs Alone F" has obSstnal
enemies They Insist upon Legislation wttho1
even knowing the desired objects Of tegsl4to
II would Seem, however, to be the dutI Of tho
who wish 70 create high Or low prices Artificial
preference The burden Of proof Il npou theI
Liberty Il alvAys considered beneficial uoul 4
contrary IA proEed, and 10 allow prices natural
10 regulate themselves Il Liberty. But the ri
have been changed Tbs psftts&n1 Of hi,
praces have obtained triumph for tnea s4stel
ana I; hAs faIen to defend II Of natural prices
grove tho advantages OF thetr aJAteu- Ths s{p
.tue1t On 10th sdee Is conducted with two wor
lcheapness-aearnessl- It IA very essentt
then, to understand their meaning.
II u,us. be granted 1t the outser that series
events hare happened ven calculated TO disco
cert both Btdek-
In order TO produce AyA prixs the pro,ec1ic
ssA haze obtained high tartfs, zna zttr Low pr.e
Lave conc TO d1sappotnt their ex >ectsttonA
In ordet to produce Lr srt.x4. nee traders ha
sometimes carried their point aud, to their n,
AssonisnFnent, The result tn boac tnz1ances /
betn IN ine1rase instead of reduction Ia p1te
FUe instance, Ia Trance, TO protect fafnera
t1v was passed mposlng \ duty Of twenty-t
per cent uIou imported woalk, and the resais |
been thAt native woola bare heea eokd for me-
he lower p1.ces than before the passage of taelaw
In England i law In behalf OF the canson
FAs FUSED. cxenptn2 foreign wpol7 ron du
and The Consequence ha1 been that n1ttve NO
have sold higher than ever before.
q And this u not An isolAItd fAct for tho pt4oa
n WOOL has no special OF peculiar oAsu1e which ii
1t out u the general law governing peseo& 7
nd ! kame ltct has been reproduced under sn2logt
he circumstances. consa1y to al expectation, p
- lection Eas frequently resulted IN low p1scea
70 free trade IN high ptices- uenee thess haa b
te. deal OF perptex1ty In the discussion the prot
~. tson.su aayinE to thctr advcssar.cs: "Tnese l
:, ! pr.teA that you talk about 10 much are khA rel
~ Of OH sysleza:" AMI the hpo-uaasa ssr1Jil
nd "Ihose high pEtces which you md 70 psofta
ut The consequence Of free trade
There eT1dentty IL Misunderstanding. N d
81 sion, which uust be dtzpeued. This viii
dcAvor 10 Go,
x! surpose TWO tso!a,ed nA:tona, each composet
II snl1l!na inhAhitsns1: Admit that. Other TIL
lar heinx equal, QUO nation had eIacty twfce
-, much Of everything ehe cthcr-svtce n MT
a wheat, wine, Irou, fue1 booSA clothing. furoitu
&c. Il viii oe oonceded thai oos viii b,
81. t~tce n nech wealth - TN othea.
1ht 1Eets u, however. % reasoa Ter the staten
~ that the eb.ef4.s 1rtees Ire different in the TWO
~ tcrA They poazib1y cay he higher IN
Of wesithtest nation. Il might happen mat IN
1Se un,ted ssates eEet thing IL nomtnal1y dearee Il
4es tn Poland and tf:1t, nevertheless tho people q
, Of az !esa generally supplied with tref7thtrs
e.lS Hh,eh II maJ b seea thas the Ao1nda1oa
- psoduc1a, aoi not she ahsosute pstce oenstisu
@ ~ wealth In of1er, then, accurately to coup
III fTte trade Aad protection the inquiry 1hooId
10 b. which Of The two canses high r<icta o.
I'll ps,oea. bat which ot the two produces abanda
.,,u or scarcity.
Irn Foy oose1ve thla: ProdectA sze exchanged,
aA ! ons for the other, md 4 relst1ye scarcity u
80 80 relative abundance ieave the absolute Price
~ acty al the sa,nt point but not 70 the coadt1o
aol nea. Let e. look into the suhieet htsls
sch ther.
s,rce the incYease ind Tie reduction Of au
have been accompanied ty results 20 dide.
;rou Whist hsd been expected, I fall OF prices
". queutty EucceedinE The tncreAse Of The tattn
rise Aoneun2es following reduction ID du
fts | 1t has oecoune Necessary for political eeonnm,
The attempt the explanation q! = phenomenon v.
ts ~ 70 cretthroxs rcce1re1 !de11; foz, whatever
Ind 6e satd, seaence y simply faithful e1po1
on and a true explanation of fAct1-
.cs1 Thls phenomenon NAY be easily e1ptaiaet
~ one Circumstance which lhoc;d netet be
,as ,nse hight ct
ryer Ishtha1 there are tso aau.es for high prices
ord ! not enc merely.
he The bame b tEue Of low pr1eeA oae Of the
~ established principles Of political eoonouY II
~ pftee "a determined hy the law OF supply and
NY mand