The New York herald., 1869-10-28

nest. INT these are cases of malpractice aud do not
det.ac from the credit advantages OF vaccination
Professor Bacon then took up the question how far
the vaccine virus loses It's elicacy py TRANSMISSION
through many series OF human subjects, lie uelieyed
that tne ideas entertained by OF the profession
10 this effect were founded on carelessness and III
efficiency IN the performance OF vaccination rather
than on any real decrease OF power through trans
mission The Importance was SHOWN OF increasing
the facilities with which vaccination can be given to
The pubic; and while II seemed impracticable in
this country 10 attempt 70 enforce vaccination upon
everybody. under legal penalties, yet the govern
ment may In various ways facilitate TINS process.
| l. The establishment OF bureau OF vaccination
by the general government was proposed, with
sufficient corps OF officers. The duties OF said
bureau TO consist IN supplying vaccine matter OF IN
inpeachabe character TO all proper persons making
application for The same; IN accumuating, studying
anu dlnus!ng evidence relating 10 vaccination, anu
IN conferrng with such commissioners lrom the sey.
| era States as might desire information or aid.
2. COMMISSIONS oi inquiry TO be appointed by the
several states. 3. Provisions for free public vaccl.
nation by individual States should be established
upon the most liberal scale. The advantage OF hay-
Ing vaccination performed by public officers spe-
cially qualified anu Instructed for the purpose and
sisted upon. Professor Bacon concluded his paper
by an exposition OF the English laws relating 10 vac
cinatlon aud Their practical working
Charles Francis Adams. jr.. next read a carefully
| prepared paper on the "Electon OF Presidents OF
the United States, in which he advocated the cleo
| lion by popular vote Instead OF Dy electors. lie
| sald:--
Reform is essential to political health. All who
have considered tHe sabjec. arrive at one coneiu-
| sion-laat a change IN the constitution Is mpera-
| tive. The necessary modification Will be found
| OHIO, on the New York election frauds.
| Alter diating upon the present mode OF electing
the President ana reading The article OF the constta
tl0n which provides the mode he said:--
Here IS a tangible measure or vital reform which
seems to be unexceponabe. What can be done TO
| make 1t a practical question: How can It's adoption
| be rorwardedi Politicians, caucuses and conven-
tions cannot be relied on III this matter. This meas
seeks to dry up not to create fountain of cor
ruption. IL carries WIN IT no political patronage,
nc spirit of victory. II tnere Is then, any public
field IN which the labors OF this association can he
made useful, If there Is any function II can fuf IL
Is putting It's shoulder TO the wheel TO forward
such measures as that proposed by Mr. Law
renee. IL should adopt such deserving political
orphans. Political organizations Will not do this
yet somebody must. To this work the American
| Social Science Association proposes more especially
to devote itself and 1t has already begun by adopt
ing, 30 far as 1t may, that most deserving and most
| neglected OF political orphans the civil service
reform That lt may efficiently prosecute this labor
1t asks support and encouragement from the large
| class who while wishing wen 10 their country are
yet conscious that, Immersed IN other pursuits they
do not do their lul duty citizens towards It, With
| this end in view ! would now respectfully suggest
that this association do memorialize Congress on
the subject OF the immediate passage by 1t, ana sub
mission 10 the Legislatures Of tine several states,
win view to its adoption into the federal constitu-
! ton, of the amendment 10 that instrument recon-
mended at the close Of report No 81 House docu-
ments, Forteth Congress, third session.
At the evening session highly ELABORATE and en-.
teraning paper on Reform OF the CivI Service"
was read by George william Gurus.
Mr. Curtis sought rather to cali attention to the
necessity oil the reform by exposing the present
dtlon OF the service and the inevitable result OF tue
existing system than by considering The details OF
method He began by relating an anecdote OF
President Lincoln's humorous impatience OF
the importantly OF politicians seeking to con
troll appointments The present qualification
for the cyl service OF the United States Is unscrn
pulous party zeal. Our system Is, therefore the
| most ignorant wastelal and destructive possible.
IL not only fosters political corruption, but 1t polsons
the springs Of moral action In the nation Itself and
SO endangers Its permanence Violating the tunda-
meutal principles oil thrift and economy we furnish
the internal condition that an enemy most loves to
| see. Inc same simple virtues that founded The
naLioa can alone preserve IT, These are the
IL Is claimed that ours Is a government OF parties,
and that artes can be eiIectuay managed only by
patronage. But actually this Is government OF the
people through parties, and when 1t is urged that
the dominant party must be supported by the public
| treasury II IS really asserted that frugaty, elii-
| cheney ana honesty are incompatible with popular
government The practice of strict party dispo-
% the frss % admnisrasiens ie s"' but 0' evea ,as
tnen the eyls OF want o. proper organization
appointing power, not by any tenure Of fidelity or
| industry. Continuance Ia ONCE was the practice
but 1t was not the law. The practice however
founded on reason, was respected that the Con-
gressionai Committee upon ketfenehment state mat
they nave not learned Of the removal of single
| subordinate onicer except Tor cause, from the
| beginning OF WashInRton's administration 10 that
/ OF Jackson. Vacancies, when were not made, but
| nant party. President Jackson introduced the pres
| ent system, whlcn makes the emoluments OF the
pay is motto Is eoe to e co
| quered-and whichever party - the victor the
/
years the whole machinery OF the govern
| ment IS pulled to pieces, and the great oil-
GERS of the United states become mere Office
holders. The subordinate officers not appointed
for fitness, and the country Is. therefore, served
| more wretcnedly and az a more extravagant rate
to Consider % his once an insecnre Prize g seeks to
make the most OF 1t In the shortest time. lie is
! judged by the appointing power not by the manner
in winch he does his duty, but by the zeal
with which he serves his party. He must do
| the hard work" OF the campaign aud so
| sophisticated has the public mind become that
| an office-hoder writes that oflce-hoders ought
own hands. Tne pubic Yields ,and the conseo,lence
and the result Is tnat we Obliged to for can
didates nominated by those wno are seGshy inter-
ested In their success. Oi the reputation OF
the service Is long since ruined. There are indeed
men OF the highest honor, idustry aud ability the
do not make them any snrer or their positions
They know better han any OF US that
lost without fanlt-a post without honor or promo
ton-cannot appeal TO the ambition OF worthy men.
But the system Is not only absurd and wasteful but
by exasperang party spirit 1t makes the food tnou-
sands or families dependent upon the result OF an
election, and so embtters the election TO perilous
degree Nor are lts evils limited 20 the service The
bad example visits every department or activity
and industry. II fitness IL disregarded Ia public
once II VIII become less valuable In private employ
| ment. Moreover The moral standard OF the
country must inevitably decline, ana we shall see
consp cuous citizens publicly protesting respect tor
those whom they could not welcome to their homes
These facts mus at last force home the question
| whether nation becoming morally rotten can long
endure. The Ciyil Service REFORM therefore begins
| with the assertion mat there Is no reason In the
| nature OF things, nor OF our form Of government.
| Why the United states should not manage its
anatrs with the same economy, ability and honesty
That private business ls managed and tnat TO do
| this the most obvious means must be used. The
basis OF any good system must be Kind OF
petitlve exannotiou, FOR which the bill introduced
| by Mr.. Jenckes provides, and the value OF which
has been tested IN other countries. The obections
TO the reform show rather desire 10 oppose
than reason III opposition. IL Is asserted That
the proposed reform is not agreeable TO the spirit
OF popular institutions That 1t would create prlyi
legged class ana eircumlocution once that an ex-
animation proves nothing but literary ability: that
| 1t Is borrowed from monarchlcal governments.
| These objections were considered IN order, and the
paper closed with an appea 10 the public conscience
and common sense TO grappe with tue tradll. poll.
! tcians. The rinRs Of every kind Will resist Let
them resist. Our duty Is TO rout them.
! James a. Garfield Member OF Congress from OHIO,
read an elaborate article on "fhe American Census
OF Is19.' Tbs speaker contebded that the taxing OF
| the should in charge Uulrpl states