The weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 186?-1869, 1869-03-24
THE ORCHARD.


most common mode propagating varieties
OF fruit of esteemed quality, we will give
directions as are plain and practicable.
A supply of the best and most thrifty
stocks should be at hand, and such only
should be used as have grown from seed.
Suckers of all kinds, however promising at
first, will bring disappointment in the end
The ounce stock, for dwarting pears, APP
pears to be the only stock which can be
propagated by cuttings or suckers that will
furnish good supply of roots. a tlf
The scions for grating should be chosen
from the outside lateral branches of healthy
trees; these are preferred, they are not SO
stout, and so apt to run to wood as those
from the centre or top of the tree They
should be cut some weeks before the season
for grating arrives as experience has shown
that grating may be most successfully per-
formed by allowing the stock to have some
advantage over the graft In forwardness of
vegetation.
The materials and implements necessary
for grating:
1st A sharp knife to cut and pare the
CRAFTS and stocks.
I'd. strong knife and small mallet, to
cut and split the larger stocks, and small
saw which will bepsefuI in cutting off such
stocks as are too large for the knife
Sd. Strips of cloth on which have been
spread some grating wax to bind the stock
and graft.
A grating wax which we have used with
good success, is made by mixing and melt
ing together six parts of rosin, two parts of
tallow, on an equal quantity of linseed oil,
and one of beeswaX. This, when melted
and Incorporated like shoemakers wax, is
readily applied in layers of the required
thickness, ifit is moderately heated or kept
In hot water; or it may be applied with
small painters brush, taking care not to ap.
ply 1t too hot to iniure the bark The wax
is applied to prevent the escape of sap from
the wound, the too sudden drying of the
wood, and to prevent the introduction of
rain water into the wound or cleft. 1t is
evident that as this is the Object, it should
be applied with us little delay as possible.
1t is much superior to clay, which is often
used. In grating small stocks at the sur
face ofthe ground, they should be earthed
up to within few buds of the top of the
scion. The pear, apple, plum and cherry,
can be grated in this manner as early as the
first of January. We have frequently taken
up trees when ready for transplanting, that
had been grown in this way, that had thrown
out an abundant supply of roots from the
scion. 1t is particularly applicable to the
plum, as the common or Cherokee plum
furnishes the best stock upon which to en-
graft the choice varieties, which are usually
of more vigorous growth; and when grated
or budded above the surface, the stocks do
not keep pace with the rapid growth of the
scion. ~ iH'
Cleft Grating is most readily performed
and mostly practiced. In large stocks and
in heading down large trees in the orchard,
two scions are set this aids in healing over
the stock and keeping it sound and healthy,
and forms beautiful fork but should it
interfere in two or three years, one of them
may be cut off. .lJs iGs -
Saw off the stock with fine saw, and
pare smoothly with a sharp knife; then
split the stock with the grating knife and
open 1t by inserting the wedge. Pare the
scion on both sides with strait scarf-like
wedge; let the scarf be from one to one and
a half inches long, according to the size of
the scion and the splitting of the stock,
making the scarf of the scion as long as it
can be conveniently fitted to the stock. It
is better to make shoulder at the TOP of
the scarf: and taking precaution to make
the inner side Of the scarf or wedge thinner.
the stock will press on the outer bark of the
scion, so as to make close fit there. Adjust
the scion so that the joint between the bark
and wood in the stock and scion will exactly
correspond; this is important, as that is the
place of union between them. This done.
withdraw the wedge and apply the cement.
Root Grating is sometimes practiced
where stocks are scarce. The roots are cut
into various sizes, from four to six inches IN
length. They are then split and the scions
inserted and transplanted in trenches. leay-
ing one or two buds above the surface. We
are not favorable to this kind of grating. as
we have seldom found, the pro DER kind of
lateral roots to support the tree when trans
planted.
SPLICE OR WHIP GRAFT Na.-This mode
is well adapted to small SOCKS, and it sue
ceeds best when the scion and stock are pre-
cisely of the same diameter. When the
stock Is largest, care should be taken to
match them precisely on one side. The
stock and scion are scarfed off about IA
inches In length, and by cutting downward
In the stock aud upward in the scion,
tongue IS raised on each which is fitted into
the cut OF the other This is very per-
feet and sure method, and stone fruit will
sometimes take better in this way than any
other. Bind it very neatly with mating,
and then apply composition; or, what is
better, wind round strips of cloth which
have oeen saturated with the composition.
SIDE GBAFTING.-Make a T in the bark,
n h,,66Ino oil -
bark crosswise, just above the cut, that it
may allow the scion to fit closely to the wood
below. Scarf off the scion as in splice
grating, commencing the scarf at slight
crook, it such there be in the scion, that it
may stand off. Sharpen the point of the
scion on the side opposite the scarf, cut
thug little each side of the round part,
that it may slide down well, then raise the
bark and press down the scion; il the up
per part hugs closely to the stock above the
cross cut, press it to the stock where it is
set in the bark, and bend the upper part
of. Bind it closely to the stock and apply
composition. Scions may be kept in cool
place, and inserted later in the season, than
by other methods Of grating When the
bark does not peel the stock may be scarfed
little, and the scion formed as usual, fasten-
ed on. In this way, side limbs may be
formed where there is u deficiency, and
grating done without cutting off the tree
or stock. I 534 9ae
AT the proper season, We will give di
recti"ns for budding, furnished with suit
able crts to illustrate the operation. :
Southern 4gricukurist.
REMEDY FOR LICE ON GATTLE-TeH H
! that if he will fry tabaeco in lard, and greas