davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
TABLE, 1t
--RArfos
nrA AfA ng

The figures in the extreme right hand column are ODD
tanned by dividing the centage Of the deaths to total
deaths by the per cenage Of the living to the total living
The mean death rate OF the population of all ages being
known the death rate OF the class aged over 50 may DO
obtained by multiplying the death rate by the ratio
of tho special death rate and rice resa the special death
rate being known the mean death rate may be oDtaned
by using the ratio of the special death rate rs dysor
Table XII will furnish examples for the application Vi
the above rule to tho Of New-York.
From the two propositions already laid down IL ap
pears that the death rate Of HGtC York city 70
greater an he dearae Of hat portion Of s inhabitants
,cho hare passed their Htryffh birthday This anOha'
ous and startling relation Of deathratos Is not we re-
peat susceptible OF two explanations. 1t cannot De ao
counted for by any peculiar privileges OF longevity
possessed by mlddeaged citizens and oldest inhaDi
tauts" The adult population of tins metropolis nave hot
the miraculous power OF living from ten to fifteen years
longer than the same class OF persons In London Liver
poo or Boston. The tenement houses have Lot gwen
birth to any horid Of Struldbugs II our aged men
die of less rapidly than children and young men, IL
can only be the that the deatrae OF toso
Younger classes and OF the whole population ID feany
hghho,o high ia problem fer the reader to solve from
the statistics OF mortality which we are about 10 present
We only undertake TO determine In the following prOpo
ston how loo Il can be placed without violence to all
recorded experience.
PROPOSITION The DeathRate Of Persons aged IS ana
,ptcard Hiring in the city Of Gew-Iork cannot Oe Tess
than 81 to each 200 Lining.
The truth OF this proposition follows from the table an
nexed which gives all the necessary statistics for nine
large cities and groups Of registration districts III En-
gland and Scotland The deaths aud deathrates gwen
are the mean OF the three years-lS6O 1901 ana 1901
three years healthier than the average and healthier
than either OF the years 1859 1863 which might fary
have been taken with them TO obtain the mean. The
death.rates are obtained by dividing the number OF
deaths by the onethousandh part Of the population as
given by Of 1861 The deathrates for persons
aged IS and upward computed, In tho same way
from the number OF living persons OF that age lu the
case OF London and Glasgow, the whole cities are IN
Guided but Liverpool and the others are merely those
portions OF tho municipal parliamentary borouGhs
which are included in the Registration Districts, these
latter bearing the relation to the boroughs that the
City OF Eew.York does to the Metropolitan District
! which includes Kings and Richmond with portions OF
| Queens and westchester Counties
TABLE XII
TarTlcs IS AND UPWARD IN rHE
| gfrtHs oF AN
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
THE BOARD OF HEALTH.

THE POLICE REGULATIONS OF QUARANTINE-A
PERSONAL EXPLANATIoN-THE TENEMENlS
OF THIS CITY AND BROOKLYN TO BE IN
sPECTED.
The Board of Health met yesterday at !,
President Lincoln in the chair Other members present
Messrs Bosyorth Smith, Crane, and Swinburne The
resignation OF Dr. f. d. Hudson Sanitary Inspector
WAS accepted Dr. Swinburne wished to call the atten
ton of the Board to q request which was made to the
Board of Police time ago. and previously referred
THE TRIBUNE, for some protection Tor vessels thh
we're compelled, under Quarantine regulations, to dis
charge freight at Robins Reef. These vessels were
frequently boarded by thieves, who took away
goods and bedding from them, and distributed them
through the city. These thieves went In large
gangs, and oyerpowered the few sailors left
In charge Of vessels This not only great dam
TO the owner OF the goods stolen but there was great
danger Infection being thus conveyed into the city
Judge Bosworth who is President Of the Police Board as
well as Health ConlnisslOeI sa ne had never seen any
II would be impossible for the police boat on duty IN
that vicinity TO give constant attention TO KoDls kee
n boat II the Police Board would supply the force. He
had referred TO the matter not TO offer any put
simply 10 call the attention Of the Board 10 the state or
affairs DR.. Smith offered resolution instructng the
Sanitary superintendent 10 examine the tenements OF
enforcement Of the rules adopted by the Board Of Health
Another resolution was also adopted directing the SUI
perintendent to look into the condition OF FuI'oh anu
Washington markets, and report thereon, $50,
At this point Dr. Crane said Mr. President and Gentle
OF the Board: arise to question OF privilege in
reference TO n statement which appeared in The Slus
yesterday morning As far as 1t touches me personally,
would be disposed To ignore personal attacks In the
press but this statement is not only one OF lasehOod
but ii is one which, It seems to me, compromises the good
name and repctatiOn Of this Board will now ask the
Secretary read this statement appeared The sun
After the Secretary had read the paragraph Dr crane
cOutlnued do not know that IL Is necessary for me 70
into any further remarks except to say this, that
here, before this open Board pronounce such a
report OF tho dongs and proceedings OF this
Board. or any such remarks as are alleged to have
been made privately publicly, unequiy OCally false;
aud call upon every member OF this Board present TO
udOrse in this assertion. Imake this denial III pub
ic way, because regard the falschOOd most unjust
aud unwarranfabc The Counsel 10 the Board, Mr.. Ea-
reported ordnance under the instructions Of the
Board forbddng all fat rendering establishments south
~ one tenthst, except by special permit
petition read from the prOprieOrs OF the Com
munpaw cattle yards asking for landing place for cat
tie on the North River from FORTHWITH TO Fory-eghth.
The petition fayOrably Endorsed by the sanitary
superintendent Referred to the Sanitary Committee.
After other unmpOrtant business the Board al
iuurncd.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

There is now feature brought out by Table KILL
which Will be found to have important bearing on the
subject Of inquiry II Is TO be noticed that the Eper
centage OF persons living of the age OF As and upward
shows marked decline In the more unhealthy cities
over that which obtains In London and Bristol com
parlson of the corresponding columns OF Tables XI and
XIII will clearly show the effect OF hghdeahrate in
diminishing the per centago Of elderly With the
limo Of division IS this IL not clear since tho
beers OF the adult population between the ages Of 50 and
IS receive considerable accossions from tho country
Above the age of as comparatively few change their
homes, since most people at this age being married
and settled In life, dlsincned 10 new enter
prises. OF persons aged IS and upward New.York
had about as large per centage Birmingham, Shelf
field, or Glasgow. OF the class aged IS and upward, 10
has two per cent less This indicates that NewYork Is
more unhealthy than either Of those cities Compare the
other cities whose deatlrates known, OF persons
aged more than 3 Manchester had larger share than
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
, careful attention of the reader
TABLE VII
nr ~ 1onk 49, Ean zoe IEAn Enon l83l 30

Here we see that the beginning Of the year 1851
to the close Of tho year 1882 period OF ten years there
was hardly any increase whatever in the number OF
deaths the year 1852 the number of deaths was less
than 1t had been In either Of the years 1851 a. 49, 49,
OF 80. That lany who knew the condition Of the
streets from 1851 TO lS59not very much worse we
suppose, than they today-whO saw the steady
change which going in the character OF our pOpu-
lation the American families constituting the
middle and upper classes steadily giving way to prolea
rat of Irish and Germans living in habitatons which af
forded only the minimum Of space and air in which 1t Is
possible TO support life at ALI that any one who knew
and saw these things and who at the same time was
aware that there increase In the number OF deaths
should actually believe that the population Of the city
had risen from In 1850 to 100000 In 1900 is utterly
incredible Yet such the estimates OF Cyrus Ramsay
D. Registrar Of Records and Statistics, published year
after year the City Inspectors Reports And yet In the
very same volumes which contain these estimates may
be found such passages this taken from the Report for
the year 1861, page IS:
"There IS another cause OF complaint to which have
heretofore called your attention. and TO which it Is
duty again TO solicit it, involving the comfort Of
large number Of our citizens. l refer TO the system
of tenement houses which has sprung up gradually
among that its increase has hardly been noticed An
estimate has been made which eees Ns IN possession ofhe
iyOrH'Gt,On hat ne mortality Of those occupying these
There 70 be doubt Of ne correctness Of this est
mate or there be any error g tat hs proportion Of
deaths larger than herein described"
We win only remark respecting the above para graph
that assuming the estimate Of the population 5OO0O
page 24 Of the volume 70 be correct the degree Of
health enjoyed by that portion Of the Inhabitants who
did not live IN tenement houses something closely ap
preaching Immortality. Deaths must indeed have been
among them. Since 1861, 1t must be remembered
high rents and multiplied discomfOrts have produced
exodus from the city Of large numbers Of its Citizens who
while they formed part of the population
toned to pay most attention to the laws of health and TO
receive the fewest visits from the memorable guardian
and aVenger Of those laws
INFANT MORTALITY.
Bad air. damp apartments, the exclusion Of sunshine
oyererowdng and the other Of high death rates
Acknowledged to be fatal to children Of tender
years than to the adult population comparison OF the
infant mortality Of New-York with that Of other large
cities WILL therefore, assist in determining the prob
able Of city regards ts general heathfuness
The subjoined table gives the statistics which We have
been able TO accumulate;
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
rApIR VIII

us an undeuDed fact that the proportion Of deaths
among the infant population, compared with the total
number OF deaths is greater In Hew-YOrk than in any
city in Great Britain, it does surpass that Of any
city in chrstendom. There is no reason to believe that
the largeness Of this proportion the result Of any ex
traOrdDary degree OF immunity from death enjoyed by
the adult inhabitants. Even Brmin gham Sheffield and
Glasgow, in which scandalous disregard OF the cond
ton Of the manufacturing aborers has been carried TO
excess show far better record than New.York
THREE PROPOSITIONS AND PROBLEM
We think that have already shown that IL ia con.
trary 10 probability that the deathrae OF NewYork
should have fallen from "a to %, We will now submit
mathematical demonstration OF the correctness OF our
position that the of 1860 Is incorrect that the
Board Of Health is neIcugaby wrong in is estimates Of
the deathfate and populations and that the deathrate
Of EewYork City s now, aud In 1900 at least 81 in
the thousand and very possibly high as IS or &c. We
invite the closest scrutiny Of our premises.
PROPORTION LAT least Tieeniv sepen per cent NJ N,
population Of New York consists Of persons qoed as
years and tptcard.
In support Of this proposition submit the following
evidences /. The New.York State Census Of 1865 How.
ever much tue public may dIstrust the total given by
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
ErArsrfcs OF MORTALITY PARSONS AGED 20 AND

Using the special death rate OF Glasgow TO OBTAIN inc
mean death rate Of NewYOrk. as before and dVidihg
40 49, we obtain Sl22 BY entirely different set
of ratios we obtained before death rate for NewIorK
of36 Thus it appears from two separate CALCULATIONS
that the minimum, death rate OF NewYork city is not TO
he placed lower than to each 1000 OF its population III
dees not appear however that any great injustice wouu
be done TO our city by taking tho special death rates OF
Iiyerpool as basis OF calculation, which would make
te mean death rate of city about 30, ard gye'us
incubation OF about Inasmuch however as there
is n large class of wealthy who still have their
residences in NewYOrk 1t is not probable that the death
rate OF the elderly classes whose numbers are proper
tonatey greater among the upper classes than IN teh
ment houses has fallen in this naturally healthy
island OF Manhattan it is the manufacturing
population Of Liverpool and Manchester
The steps by which have reachednour results are
extremely simple We have taken nothing for granted,
except that the laws Of life prevail In New-IorK
that govern human existence in London and Glasgow
We have allowed NewYOrk the benefit Of every DOUBT
and we have reached conclusion which, however mOrt
tying to our PRIDE the only which can reconcile the
various statistics which have been presented TO the
readers attention The totals given by the censuses OF
1860 and Of 1865 as the population OF the city are OF
course, excepted. The latter may have been O few
thousands too small and the former was certainly lOOO
too large II this article induces any OF our Citizens VINO
are hesitatng In the matter to establish their homes IN
the suburbs II shall lead to any systematic regulation
OF the deadly tenement system it has any effect
to secure correct census OF large cities in 1870 II
induces the Board Of Health regard the deathrate Oh
the city a. subiect for their serious coDsdeaon-n
does all or any one Of these things the labor expended in
Ito preparation will not have been thrown away
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

that census as the population Of the city,
different thing to impeach the correctness OF US
in regard to the ages of the population '1oV
are fewer than we numbered that year. cel'y ,,arts
n sufficiently largo number to represent tne arc
IN osnoc TO the proportion of them above or below Ino
age of IS years OF the 7sas6 inhabitants returned eso
by the census the ages ss9 were known y, nr
there were under IS years of age o2l1zo' oI
cent over aj Years Of age 49, or 27SS per cent
The proportion Of q per cent Is less than even ard
the large manufacturing cities OF Great large
more than three por cent smaller than that OF
n,,oa., cities The longevity clerks oar.no"'
merchants and most others pursuing the various
ons connected with trade and commerce. othon
hen ennaI should be greater than that OF %
almost wholly engaged in manufacturers hAo ,obIo
sheffield or Birmingham. We submit the ,nnd and
for the chief urban Registration districts Oh H'e
-. a. atty nj Glasgow in Scotland:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

Ieed. and Liverpool moro than either. When VIC com.
marc the er cottages Of the classes aged moro than 49,
the poson of the cities is reversed The expana
ton is that the death rate OF Leeds Is only O whe
tat q, Manchester Is 2OO2 and that of Liverpool Sl3l
Tho saa thing appears on comparing in the two tables
fine ncr centages of Bristol end Clifton with those Of tho
central districts Of London, and also Birmingham
with sheffield But this movement is more strongly
marked in the case Of than any other city In
cur table.
Table XIV, with the exceptions OF Manchester ana
Liverpool shows a range in the dea'hrao Oh persons
od =, and inward Of only fo, and Onehaf to the 1000
Iiyino Onlv two cities. London and Bristol show
lower death.rate for this class than Glasgow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
Used TO IT-Nor USED TO IT.

Gcrrit Smith has inst published paper or
the political duties OF Temperance men, from which We
make the following extracts:
Used to t. Not used to IT, These and equivalent hen
phrases explain many things IN human cOnduct, when
cannot be xplained otherwise Slavery Is the super
latve niracy Nevertheless our people chung 10 tne
nolitieal parties which upheld IT, They were used 10
doing so ana therefore continued To do 10 Is In re-
snect 10 the dramshop IL In respect TO Slavery
0ur people having always belonged 10 tho parties that
nph6d this great mandatory OF paupeTs ncendares
madmen and murderers keep on belonging TO them.
our worthy Senator, Dir. o'Donnell OF LeTe
County, would not consent to remain day
longer in his political party should 50
much as wink nc hOrso-stealing NeVerthe-
less you cannot get him TO say that he VIII ever quit
do however much than 1t is now doing 70 uphold
the dranshop And this Is nOtwithstandlng ne WouIu
rather have all his horses stolen than have his son taHe
his first drink OF death where drunkards aud murderes
are made And this Is So too notwithstanding oui ponE
zeal party issues fewer nor reebler thah t
are parties consequently never in so favor
able mood TO listen TO arguments against the
One reason why Senator O'DonneH and thousands OF
other earnest temperance men can consent 10 cuhg
party though IL shall never cease 70 sustain tug
dramshOp and would, nc the same ume instantly anu
Indignantly refuse TO belong 10 one which should sang
ton the comparatively petty crime OF inert, ~
that while they are unusued TO seeing wemeanng ana
respectable men among thieves, they are used 70
'eelng !Aem, here aud ,tleIe' among draaSsn'i'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

g. The number OF persons between INC aE's - u. :.
IS in NewYork City is stated by the census OF 1860 70 %
60 7qs Of whom, making ample allowances for inc ueaI0
between those ages over 1900 would annnay pHsS '1
s5th birthday Tho average number OF deaths ioi tno
rce years 1863 of persons aged over 80 $3.50 De
ducting these from 1900 we have remainder OIL o0'
which is the net annual increase OF that portion VI o
inhabitants who are aged IS years and upward from INC
natural movement of the population This increase
eouIvaent TO more than per cent on the % persons
returned as over 95 by the census Of 1865 IL Is tree
mes larger than the rate of increase OF the Woe PoPu
lation from the excess Of births over deaths when
ess than per cent the most favorable ol ne
birhrate The population above IS undoubtedly receives
accessons from the country and from abroad though
perhaps not in proportion to Its ratio to the total popu
ton.
comparison OF the census returns OF 1860 WIN Vhoso
OF 1860 and 1855 will show the steady movement OF thS
class Of the population toward It's normal rao winch
ought not TO DO less than 80 per cent as SHOWN Dy o
census OF the English cities of London, Brlsto anu Law
erpool These cities 1t should not be forgotten IN inc
character and occupations Of their inhabitants aord
farer comparison with NewYOrk than the mahuIactur
ing towns The comparisons in the following table VIII
be found to give strong confirmation to the the truth OF
the main proposition harmonizDg they DO the thee
NJ 1868:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

1t will be observed that three out Oh inc 'no
n-ocoa,,, vears and that the average Improvement
is but 119. -. r, ,,u
INFLUENCE OF DENSITY OF POPULATION ON THE D''''"
RATE.
Itisa well known fact that disease and dealn
other things being equal, directly with the uelSly
49, ~, ut healtbfnl city no matter how well the
Sranoe the water supply the street cleaning ana 'ne
sewerage may be attended to, will show mucn larger
Jeatb rate than the country districts which surround IT,
This truth cannot be better illustrated than Dy eoipaI
isou Of the area, population ana dea''i S'0 u
- istr,tor districts constituting the metropolis OF
london. Notwithstanding the immense differences IN
,rca and character OF the population winch occupies
these districts the constant tendency OF the deatra'e
10 increase with the number Of inhabitants to the acre
is most striking. The mortality is corrected Tor tne
deaths in hospitals by distributing them proporonaey
over the several districts and corrected also for deaths
warehouses situated out of the districts to which hey
belong 80,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

We next give Gables ~. W comparison OF the eight
most densey populated districts Of London, with the
eight wards constituting that portion Of NewYOrk City
which hes between Spruce and Fourteenth-ss Broadway
ind the East River This region embraces within its
boundaries than half the tenement houses In the
city yet so broad the streets that the average dens
Ity Of population compares avOraby with London
than il would If only the spaces occupied by dwellings
were compared. We also annex table showing the
desty Of population in the Registration Districts OF Man.
rbester Liverpool and other English Cities which in
cude the crowded portions of the boroughs which
lre known by the same name.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
RAILROAD FAREs-THE NEWARK RAILROAD.
L. Il L.. IT, ,L.L

RAILROAD FAREs-THE NEWARK RAILROAD.
To the Editor Of The Tribune.
SIR: | read with much interest the remarks
Of your correspondent" NewJersey" on the subject Of
fares on the new railroad TO Newark am not Jersey
man. but from the time OF the chartering OF this new
road have heard its praises sounded by friends who
reside IN lightly taxed state. 1t said that this
would be "antlmOnop0y road" run at low prices TO
accommodate the business and working people OF the
enterprising Newark, which IL driving so great
traffic with the metropolis. The fares, IL asserted
would be lower and the number Of trains greater than on
any other road And the reality has come and the
praises are not justified The minimum rate of sl5 for
100 tickets is actually so per cent above the Communication
SEQ a year charged by the old monopoly line hone
this new Company will the error OF their opening
aud hasten to redeem their reputation as
a"PeOples Line NEw-HORKER.
Mem. York, Aug. 2, 1862
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05

fuonces In the 90 years from 1910 TO 1850 an n1"o
orE was dome and vast sums Of money expended, to
improve the sanitary conditions Of the large cities OF In
gland The following table will show just how much was
pacctcd 10y these enlightened and persistent efforts ~
Eiyes the average annual death rates Of eight EnsSu
rites for two periods of 10 years each together eo'oh
The 90 years from 1Sf To 1860 inclusive.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-08-05
CHEAPER LIVING.

TO the EditOr OF The Trtbune
SIR There is manifestly hitch somewhere
in the arrangement between the producer and
Of tho ncccssares OF life. There exoron mo-
nopoly which should be remedicd. For instance Last
Winter while apples 50 barrel In the retail places
In this city people 100 miles away could sell the
kinds fox VYgI ca At this timo barrel VI lOur can pa