New-York tribune., 1869-01-25

TION-THE SOUTHERN STATES AS COMPARED
TO MEXICo-ADMIssIoNs OF SECRETARY IG'
LESIAS-A LAW AGAINST KIDNAPPING-AM-
PARo, ROBBERY, &c.
[FROM OUR own CORRESPONDENT
MEXICO, Jan. 1, 1SG9.-Alr. Zarco, who edits
the Sgio newspaper and who besides has claim TO at
tenton as an expremer Of Juarez has just become the
author OF remarkable assertion AT the END OF an ar
cle upon the situation rather curious forts nsufhoicy,
he repeats his conviction that the reorganization OF
Mexico VIII be easier and practicable than that ct
the Southern States" All this depends upon what Mr..
Zarco esteems conviction and second, what he defines
reorganization TO be- II by the latter he means the MAIN
tenanee Of a central government amid desert OF States
and such average Of petty disorders chrOnicay
vex half Bedoun-like condition Of things his case is
granted but If he means perfect peace without pro-
robbers with schools and locomotives and
steamboats, with intelligent and honest elections, with
upright official llfe pure judiciary, and army list
above suspicion, Mr.. Zarco challenges too much. The
present condition OF the Southern States s 10 speak
with considerable reserve, times better than that OF
Mexico Area for area, people for people, the South
works and yields than its tropic neighbour;
its single culture and industry Of cotton is greater In
positive value than many industrial products Of Mexico
combined it has i'm migration and more and better
schools than the whole 25 States Of this Republic; and
altogether its people are more intelligent and be sure
better qualified aud disposed for real sefgoyernment
The Southern States recovering from four OF
regular desOlatng, costly warfare the Mexcans from 50
years Of and feud fought atery upon forced oans
and despising the bandits aid with all
in massacres must necessarily produce The American
made with the sword in one hand and the school
book in the other and where the armies sat down the
AbotOnst planted the schoOlhOuse, for he believed In
liberty that did not include education as It's reserva-
i've When the campaigns were aohe mere were tho
sand free schools where comparatively few had existed
before. But the character OF the wars OF Mexico have
allowed no chance, seemingly TO en1ghten the ignorance
which they conserved or deprayed. Ihen as 10 the
pet by Gl twice their number Of Whites In Mexco sup
posing that its present population Is indeed soOoo OF
that fair Of the country has been taken,
there 100000 Of Indians TO 100000 of Spanish
Mexicans According TO Of the best Of Mexican pub
licts, the 60oOOOO aforesaid. are densely ignorant.
100000 Of the other class extremely te 10000
are be considered well educated and among
sequenty the governing class Of Mexico which
both the State and the National Governments, must be
exceedingly small prOpOrtiOned to its work. much smaller
than the similar class in the South before the war; We
supposed that the States Of the Mexican Union shared
equally there would be from 10000 10 5000 persons IN each
State who participated in politics, and should not be
surprised il in actual working the number was much less
Bearing mind that these 10000 $1,000 not body
OF spontaneous voters and sefgoyernors, but are in
formed and directed by much more limited class the
task Of carrying tho Government local, State and
progress rests COMPARATIVELY upon few The area of
Mexican suffrage does widen; the Indian is wiser;
schools do not grow IL would seem that the electoral
few had enough upon their hands keeping the ordi:
nary political machinery in Olerabe running order and
had no spare time TO start Independent popular move
brgandage or with the end OF raising local funds aud
| improving the roads. The common peope--that large
class Of hewers OF wood and drawers Of water and ami
mails Of burden, generayare left heretofore 70 their
seeming docity and stupidity aud suffered to shift
about in the old way. But recruits Itself from
poverty. and 1t is perceived that not all the Indians are
to be thieves Now the crimes OF one kind re-
ported in the newspapers or the Republic are IN ralO 10
force OF about 10000 bandits, which, in some respects
may be regarded the regular peace establishment or
standing army OF the pronouneing nteres-that is 10
eciency of police the national forces do not crush ou5
the robbers This work is TO be done yet and is by far
must be eectual TO be Of any consequence whatever
that has been left 10 this Government since the a OF In
ina fhpFg has 10
oppose TO this evil, except people without cohesion or
confidence, and rotten Judiciary II robbers must be
official life purified Asit judges have allowed robbers
not impossible for retired bandits to obtain Office TO
the handling Of important moneys These things may DO
exceptional and local notorious that robbery it.
self has the strength Of rule and rides rOughshod
States. At all events, even II robbery snail be put
down, st most serious task addresses itself TO the
widespread Generalization OF which bandsm, poverty,
maladmnisratOn and weak and corrupt judiciary are
with wholesome reforms and the schoolhouse must as
The 100000 OF blacks in the Southern States with
out reference to The problem OF native & capacity prae
which the indians have not, and moreover education i'll
6f reor Which can hardly be sa at present Of Mexico
The therefor s Of course related 70 the ey OF ad
ninstratve penury, since very few Of the States do
than their least calculation for budget and
this evil is TO be counted in among the difficulties OF re-
OrganzatiOn along with the clumsy methods OF taxation
pursued by States, each for itself, and independently Of
and even 10 the mpairng Of the system adopted by the
general Government The Southern States are not now
either adminlsratyey rpOpmary as poor at large as
the OF those OF Mexico They start upon the work
REORGANIZATION with advantages of labor
education and, upon the whole OF race Ihey nave rev
robber bands. The problem remaining 49, whether
white race lately owning property III man, can be re-
conced 10 less than half their number or eXsayes upon
basis OF general or impartial suffrage accepted in return
for general amnesty The speeches Of leading Rebels,
among them Longtreet, Hampton, Wickha, and others
go show that this reconciliation is not only possible
but probable and that country OF earnest men and
ideas. where there is eorganized effort 10 ehghten
and agitate the public IN all moral questions az ne
same time carry forward every WORK OF material pro-
gress the useful spirit which Is always spirit O nOn'
| will make all ends meet Ihe dnerences Oh meAIe0
were sectional but belonged TO every state and TO all
quarters; hence her task should be. If anything more
difficult than own. She has much sagnatlon ana no
agitation, properly speaking Men ana women VINO com
bne for social reforms people who club for temperance
and take to giving poor fox the pledge radesmen VINO
jon together for benevolent end beyond themselves.
the poor, higE-mnded men who, despising place and
power, lift their voice on all occasions Tor the
and principed humanltarianism, Of heroic, I'M
affected philanthrophyy the public NE OF Mexico
knows very little. have heard OF several capt.
tails where free schools have been started for srzans,
and OF number OF societies for social Improvement and
while Others shut up for want OF funds and suppose
these facts go TO show that there are some per-
who struggle for the good II oters VIII Dut
| help them. The buhght has been abolished IN san
LUIS Zacatecas and the Federal DsreG IN inc rest OF
the states prevails more less Reform even In this
comparatively easy matter proceeds slowly IL - the OBJ
seryation OF the manifold evils enIaed upon Mehean S
the right reorganization OF the country must IN any
event be slow-sower than where raoaas ahu ralroad
where the greatest brain and sincerity OF the continent
and Of the world are at WORK Any reinforcement ss
worn out-they cannot alone suffice for the immense de-
mauds OF the country they iuhabit. Besides, moral
foce must come into play aud need be said that
everything depends upon the sincerity of the pnOhc men
| OF Mexico.
have endeavored to meet the challenge contained in
Mr. ZarcoS dctum by presenting what Is not found IN
any OF the Mexican new apeLs readily or at tme ous
ing well over this doubt whether those who think with
LarcO-aud q