Litchfield enquirer., 1869-07-08

zen has rel rendered some s, signal service SC te 1 the State, advancing the public good, he i. lenobled, receiving certain title s and priv iseges, butthese cease af his death, his de
 cendants having no further share in them
 than tie honor of being his ofspring. As
 no man can be greater than his father, the I whole line of ancestors IS enobled. Thus an aristocracy is formed, indeed. but it is
 wisely perpetuated back into ths out
 CT world. aiA S9i .Is i1izlo All being equal competition for office
 is open for all Edncation Is universal
 and proficiency in scholarship formsa ba.
 sis of this competitions The government,
 it IS true, appoints most Of the officials, but
 they are chosen from those who, in. the
 successive competitiye Examinations. take
 the highest honers. 14s {. -
 That these principles have not merely
 been acknowledged, but that they have 1 been the true handspring, acting weakly at times it is true, the Chinese nation at
 this day is standing proof. Among
 them alone, of all peoples. has the princi- l pie that forms the basisspf. our own gov Iernment, the equality of man existed
 through all history. The early philosophers of China taught
 these doctrines, as q moral and political
 code, and as the only just basis of govern ment. At that time, the country was split up into numerous feudal kingdoms. but 1 when, some time after the death of Confu- fcius, the Empire was consolidated, the
 doctrines of the great teacher became grad
 ually the rule of action, and until the pres ent time, they have never lost ground in their hold upon the national mind. As a code of morals, it is not venturing too far kr, ne $11s have always been and still are as much
 respected, as is the creed of aay other peo- pie.
 The universal esteem in which scholar ship has ever been held, has made educa tion one of the chief aims of life, to 8
 greater degree in China than in most oth-
 CT nations. An aristocracy of intellect has here the position which in other countries
 is assigned to birth or wealth; schools are
 universal, and the proportion of the inhabitants who are unable to read
 and write is very small The classics and tory of their own country are very generally studied That their ability to learn is not confined to the groove of their own system of study is shown by the instances of Chinese educat- ed in tue west. About twenty years ago,
 two boys, children of very poor families,
 were sent to America to be instructed. Af-
 ter leaving the school at Munson, ,one went through Yale, and in graduating took the highest place in English com mpositiOn; the other carried off the highest honors in Surgery and Botany in the University of
 Edinburgh. Since that time the first has carried the experlence gained in the
 west into the conduct of his business in China, and the other Is esteemed by the European residents of the English Colony or Hong Kong, as one of the best surgeons In the East. The science of war is consider ed inferior to scholarship, and the Chinese are essentially peaceable people, although they have carried on great wars during diff ferent periods of their history. af q ae4a
 The power of the central government is felt but lightly throughout the Empire. There is a practical decentralization which leaves . wide scope for free action to ths provinces and their subdivisions; this Is exemplifed in the application of tho reve- nues, excepting maritime customs, to the use of the districts in which they are rais- ed. The government of China is really one type of democracy, as that of Japan is. one of despotism. In China the people are represented in the governmental that, though all the principle offices are filled by the Emperor, they are filled from the peo-t pie by yscompetitive examination. This is the theory; practically many offices ere sold tn raise money, as during the wars with England, and the rebellion. The Central government is felt chiefly when its ap-4 pointees are corrupt; but the power of the peop.e IS generally great enough to cause removals la such odsss.a Their faculty of organization and self-government showed otpf1 d,rr1 fho 1oko Haf3
 The British Consul at Ming Pc paid them a high tribute in this respect, in apralsing the perfect order and self-governmentY which was shown for long time at that place, when it's population, greatly increas.i ed by the crowds fleeing from the rebels, was abandoned by its officials and left to take care of itself. ey e-ta 5.95
 Having no fear of the future world, they meet death with great courage, dreading it less than continued pain. The family ties are very close. and family honor is the strongest check on their actions. Their sense of commercial honor is deep, and my own experiences, iu Central and Northern China, leads me to think that honesty is quite as general there as in other coun- tries. The existence of hospitals, founded by private charity for the sick and found hngs. and for other purposes fproves that the Chinese are not negligent of social re-
 responsibilities. They are proverbially in. dustrious,D and could we measure the amount of productive manual labor per. formed throug ghout the world, without the aid of modern labor saving machinery, we should probably find that this .thIrd of the human race accompIishes not less than from sixteenth to seven, tenths of the whole. AasaE-aEi1 alail bs'tA4s eA" bSS | It is no slight tribute to say that during rearly 5,C00 miles of travel in this closely peopled land, the writer never saw drum. ken Chinaman. I9 esss@ s.'t ssols' v.
 The Chinese have been charged with be-, ing, as people, corrupt beyond measure. given over to every abomination, and prac- tising infanticide to the extent of destroy ing one quarter of the female children.
 But it is the opinion of Dr. Lockhart, an eminent medical missionary who has stud jed the question many years ln different parts of the Empire, that the latter crime lis lin proportion to the population) no more frequent, or perhaps less common, than it is in it's various forms, in England and America. And it, should seem that the healthy and moral condition of society is proved by the vitality of the nation, the overdowing population, and the rapidity with which gigantic wounds Tn the nation Ials body are healed. Of course the aggre- gate of crime must be very large, especial