The weekly standard., 1869-10-13

only are teachers Of public schools subjected
to this examination, but teachers of private
schools must also be qualified. The teach
efs are paid by township tax, and when
this is not sufficient for their support, the
balance is made up from the school fund, SO
that rich township contributes to the sup
port of the teacher in poorer one. The
State exercises the same supervision over
the school that it does over the church. 1t
prescribes the discipline and the course of
study, makes all needful rules and regula-
tions, and removes teacher whenever it is
deemed necessary to do So Attendance
upon the schools is compulsory, and from
the sixth year to the fourteenth. There is a
vacation Of one month in the summer, and
holydays upon certain occasions throughout
the year. In the towns, the schools are busy
from iour to six hours in the country among
the laboring peasants the time is reduced
so as not to interfere with agricultural ope-
rations. 1fgea 9;i3. ~
i The present military organization of Prus-
sia, which was introduced sixty years ago,
Immediately after the Napoleonic wars has
been brought to the highest perfection. In
fact, if we were to characterize Prussia in q
State" and in the same sense that Sparta
was. All that experience, science and skill
have heretofore accomplished has been con-
isplidated in the Prussian army. Every
fPrussian, capable of bearing arms, without
exception, and without the right of substi-
tuition, is a trained soldier, and may be call
ed at any time into active service. The
military force of Prussia is divided as fol-
lows, viz: q g.. "a. .. s... .ai ..hls. 80 4
Every able-bodied man, without excep-
ton, must, with his twentieth year, enter
the standing army. After three consecutive
years of actual service, he receives furlough
for i've years. This class constitutes the
army reserve, and is not called out except in
time of actual war. Thus at twenty-eight
years, the term of service in the standing
army expires, but by no means the liability
to further military duty. From 28 to 80
years is constituted the first call of the
Landaoshr; from 80 to 40, the second call of
the Landoehr Nandguard) These are call
ed out, one after the other, as necessity may
demand. All other persons, under twenty
and over forty belong to the Landsturm, and
would only be called out in the last extrem-
ity. As this system has been in operation
sixty years, every Prussian is trained SOL
dier, and when called out, takes his place in
his old company and regiment. In time of
peace, company consists of $50 men A
companies form battalion and battalions
airegiment; in regiment, therefore, 5000
men. Five squadrons make cavalry regi-
ment. In time of war these figures are
nearly doubled Regiments are combined
into brigades, brigades into divisions, and
these into army corps. Qt might be men
toned here that the military terms are the
same in German as in English and French
The entire standing army consists of one
guarde-corps in and around Berlin, and
eleven army corps in the eleven provinces
The commissary and the sanitary depart
ments are models of arrangement; the Off
GERS are thoroughly educated and efficient !;
the troops are of hardy stock and their
discipline is clockwork. Add to this the
needle-gun and the light steel breach-load-
ing carnon the unity and excellence of the
railroad and telegraph system and then
consider that all this machinery is under the
absolute control of single will-the King
and you will not be surprised at the splendid
result at Koenniggratz, achieved by Prus-
rian soldiers who had never before been un-
der fire. Prussia is armed to the teeth, and
stands with her hand upon her sword, sus-
piclously eyeing the motions of France on
the Rhine and of Austria in the south.
The young Prussian navy consists of be-
tween 80 and 100 men of-war, mostly steam
ers, Its first effort was during the late war
with Denmark, and it acquitted itself quite
handsomely in its contest with this veteran
of the seas
fn7 BERNSTEIN.