New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-10-29


SHEPPARD HOhANs ON LIFE INSURANCE
pr. ELISHA HARRIS ON HEALTH LAWS AND
THEIR ADMINISTRATION = DAVID DUDLEY
FIELD ON INTERNATIONAL CODE.
President Eliot occupied the chair at the after
session. and introduced Jos D. Potts. President OF
the Empire Transportation Company, who read an IN
struetiye paper on ---.--i---
ri-f.r ~ TRANSPORTATION AS A SCIENCE 81 u frp
hope to indicate reasonable grounds for declaring
that transportation should rank science, and
that when charatans undertake to sTpy its laws, tho
public should In Its interest STORMY repress them.
The subject OF transportation too extended to DO ex
haustvey treated In brief paper but three Of rs
phases have been selected for present confederation ITS
growth The transportation of freight by rsdwaya-
Suggestions respecting it's future The unlimited powe-
to charge ct pleasure the localities Of IDEAS persons ana
properly has been e. The saries! sOrts .
advances resulted utilizing bodies grading of
tho earth's undulatons drained and hardened rpad
surfaces wagons, which platforms on anttficton
rollers; animal power; wind power spilled
against s and sssTsS Ss~
produced results The electric telegraph foe
advances made but though has pathway, motor.
and rate Of speed seems rather sudden creation than
part Of the gradually evolved system used for moving
persons and property The transportation Of property
by railway Is now limited chiefly BY cost Cost By com
expenses for one part for the other, the Investment or
capital aScOunt The expenses embrace embrace e
are at once consumed in the daily service Of
The OUTLAY
that more permanent property None doubt the neSes-
working EXPENSES az the daily income must weaken
daily Outgo, service cease. Few doubt tho need Of
cess 70 Induce capitalists to provide the, re-
quslte permanent facilities. The public. how
lating charges has night TO limit them within
narrow bounds is consistent with good services.
they unduly enlarged Investment accounts for eI
are f SS S sts ~ S
out full consideration either for purchases or IN con-
tracts or assumed real investments Of profits or
capital OF various roads Expenses exag
provided. leading trunk line in 1868 moved east
ward but per cent, and westward but per cent VI
the amount OF paying freight its freghtengnes Which
ran had power to haul Expenses are increased Sy the
dead weight hauled OF the number Of tuns moved upon
all the railroads ofNew York In 1885, So per cent consisted
Of engines and dead weight and on the Harlem
Railroad the proportion reached 81 per cent IL ecses
tun Of ladlng, and the tuns Of paying freight
shoulder the expense o. nanng Jne
is the fact that expenses reduced per tun whom the
total tnns moved are INCREASED In number nj, I'm. Or es
moved 1900 tuns, or 1eeoeeo0 OF tuns one mile
cos. per un per mile to s q s ana T. s and
Reading Road. which with its HarisDurg branch: Is l
tuns OF coal and 200 900 tuns Of merchandise Oo
600 uns OF and Of coal me at acost or
SSA II pr pn oc No elective method for pro-
tectinR the public against excessive CHARGES
has S and %hus a. and
must always be failure. The cost OF railway Ia too
great usually permit the construction OF more than
through given district though many seek the same
large coDmercai centsTS s Cope0nd 9ny ~
wsged in the widest manner Folly In control OF one on
which, Till truce declared, transport service ses far
beneath coat. the truce IS R permanent; S01i
and again and again is repeated the rupture
and renewal while the price OF carriage rlshes up sha
down with kept broken faith till commerce Is hait
these
trade the local or nonoompetiuVe trade taxed ~ sup
i've principle Is therefore By limited aud unwise
pcatons safeguard Some better means fo5 ins1IinS
protection TO public and to transp0rers Is needed
Gross revenues should BIO permitted, sufficient TO meek
fair expenses and fair profit or percentage on the IN
resent proper valuation OF the permanent facilities
could BE- divsibe among the tuns according TO qnsy
and distance moved value, risk ana coInpactnes hess
ss oSSS 0 SS SSesed and
by the National Government leading the states so tnat
er%Sr for ssys snSs cSs4s
must Learn that to command faithful service
re %Gst Pay disaster ia By cSndHS in
who promise IL such service for less than just cost
eSoTs3 the labor and
material and az price measured by their current cost
the costs which do not The speaker then considered
various other points, such as the effect OF fast ana
express lines probabilities Of future Improvement In
utilizing track capacity increasing power and speed and
reducing ihe effects Of Rravitation and friction. M
Sheppard Romans Actuary Of the Mutual Life Insur
ance Company, followed with valuable essay on
..r. LIFE INSURANCE..
Life insurance has increased rapidly during the past
few years that it become one OF the most mpor
economies OF country 1t ia essentially local
economy 1t often been adduced measure OF the
social Advancement and condition Of people BE that
1t may may safely be said that 1t can only flourish
in an advanced civilization. Depending more than any
other Human transaction upon confidence, and that to
extend necessarily for many years into the future
rally indeed untl the death OF the person by whom tho
benefit purchased. Its existence and growth Is az once
ITS government aud in their Commercial integrity.
It's growth and present position IN the united
the age OF wonderful developments. May the growth
never be checked that confidence abatd by the want
OF stability IN our Government, or by the want OF IN
egrity IN people, among those ntrsted with tho
management OF institutions Life insurance has for
or the chances living and dyngn given period,
bIned with the Of money Sy interest, t
cessful prosecution. While nothing Is more uncertain
than the duration Of lie m the case o. an yst
than the duration OF e orrather the rates OF mortality
Of diaerent nations and fne Investigations OF
the mortality experience among insured nVes, &c, IN.
living or dying in future given number OF per
sons at each age with all the confidence and precision
mortaary experience Of Il British companies was pub
lished in s4S from which is deduced the aeuaree or
combined experience table OF mortality The experience
OF 20 OF the largest British companies, published In 1852
resulting in the actuares table, the Investigations of Dr.
William FAIR regard 20 the mortality Of England and
Yates is shown by the census returns OF Great Britain
for isIi, 1881 and 1851, resulting IN the English
Life Tables Nos. l. 2, and 3, and the mortuary
experience OF Individual companies in this country and
in Great Britain together with the Investigations OF the
OF Massachusetts, 70 the mortality
IN that Commonwealth and the most reliable eontrbu-
lions 10 knowledge Of tho laws governing the dura
ton OF human fe and the probabilities OF living or dying
nor merely In q miscellaneous community. but among
the special class OF from which taken the per
sons insured. Those and other Investigations enable Us
10 predict with just certainty within certain limits, the