, 1869-12-22

ssnore. Ths freedmen vefe cot disocsed 10
Notk for hlre: demanded executive Ha1es, and,
S e'sG 81 II
s.ve psoaoc.'ou seemed. therefore. Up TO lssH. %
IpnTf d"st fu'e II elaooutaRod crer thsn At thH
CT se u tne war. But the SeE 1858, the third
Jezf nj tae trrelsbor experiment, II last bEoakns
Trc huyes, waa rut,cienuy abapd ant TO foruIsa
thr pcor,r w'th che1p tool ard 70 produce laEEe
suEptns Icr tn~ future ami for exaoti, uh,:t tho
zane re-. Tued IRON >Ale the port A0le pro-
scesr. toeaceo. and na7si atorez. and the ike.
drrd millions at dol!nrs tn cure-cy. S1ch 4 re-
RUIZ OF effort and iodustry, which IL ts vtsy state
nieut ssruucs the Character ot the marvellous,
en1rebEed, poor. and discouraged. large 01easure
Of trsenc7h And prosperity. II Daz restoEed the
asnea;sor. snd i efeases u,any m sddistoDai ooes;
II IL e.r'cnlnR The soa aod tncresstuE the qualnY
and quantttr OF the great ftape per acre through
imnrnyed 1oo:s and tnpleucuta: 1t is plsn!a4
that distributor Of comforts and neceasttles-tas
c1IntT s!o,sst Tie 60 csossroada: s, and n.s iea 70
purchased through . victory X arMl Tns year
1s6s hs9 A'so closed auspictously. The aggregate
OF tse crops nAA almos! uniformly been greater,
while prices have continued to prove highly ftnu-
beraure.
1ne general Testimony Of Northern uaanplac-
cleaarnets, strength, and uniformity Of Gpro and
aotence ot ~aste, than any ever before sent 10
flss,rps ihe Pee!er, nss si.o oeea ioiroanesd q
Aod Drought to MaIktt which counauds a pr1ce
lfom 70 ~ PET cent higher Than any other green.
seea eotto1 she sane s.aae because Of ths ~
toe Ga,oinss q and Gesrk1s Is sao0 t,escss as com
II sSo mte e. ~ S1 81 ter ins Rrsysous year; aud that
with s., ,6|f noEshea ds in 1871. Before the war
iAfEe PROPORTION o. NE net aonua. profit OF rue
south vas expended "a tne purchase OF labor. It
Il LON found iaAt 1aooTers can be Obtained With
out exserdine anything for them, and that the
capital thus formerly diverted can Dc eayed and
acplled for the purchase OF ZONE other form Of
aaluan, whle the value Of manual labor Gu bo
surp!emenled aud lrcEeaseo.' AZ present tnc
supply Of labor 10 the South Is not sul1cleu; 10
Iett The nenAuds Of Its yssiouE lnduslres but 10
donnt thai with M ASSURANCE Of prooL pesce, per-
sonal freedom, ano security Of property for the
doubt that the tni}aenccssiwhtch have heretofore
proved sufficient to control hnmsn action aud d.
operate hut surposlug the supply OF labor to
renasn as It u, ard the c.rcumalances aslenllpQ
prediction 10 be only moderately layorAhie, the
greater amount OF active surplus cspttai AZ in.
tesutlS CT ita iEfnetrT than any other section or
the Grsnn, and Of thereby attaining 10 degree Of
pro.psrsy which wilt enable III population to be-
states aud co1nttiest Tn!s IN turn mus: lead t.
increase The Getefsl prosperity Of the who:o
conpffJ. 10 extend ttahe Qnd commerce, 70 tsh:-
en through sdet distsiontiou the neee.4.ry bur
den OF t4xa'tou, aEt 10 make certain The ex:n.
tiyeJ early psr1nd
Frrhesn.ort, .he large amount Of capita. taua
I dopb1edls, teek II great part investment ii do.
nestle and ,octl enterprises Ant speedily lead to
tne ettanllanmeut OF manufactures On "a eKtea.
| 1h!ea results srsrn tres.iom ha1 nov. tpsJri,Tr
Ncone 70 the S1uth, for the dfst line, possible;
and !nEleDeo,f, leather, wagons, wooden-vare
starch. clothing. and similar articles. These are
raw mn'etialA They employ The larses. ano1nt
! OF LABOR ln proportion to p,odncs and capital and
saIEsut The payment OF high wsgrt On the
lactnfes. VIZ, iron and Steel, ana cottoa and
| woolltn cloth, are e1App!es Of co1centrAuon-
Insy IsIre sss ,s.Pa emp'oy but few h.na,
restI hase In the United S:atca an excess Of COT
ton and Eoollen sriu1lcs. and 10 invest capital in
more weala be slmpiy vase, when there are
labor than can be paid In textile fAntlcs-
THE 1kCK 3Ers or MATERIAL Rk0sPER1Tr.
I A presentation of evidence Ike that above
given, t0uchlEg the record Of EAtlonal production
and 6esslupment, naturally eu0krsta Il Inc OF In.
1t ts this: II the 8lAtements thus presented are
not exasReratnns; u The power Of 1he country to
rspair 1ts was.e aud e5teaa ns Production Is a.
| 1ts:iSnt1on aud legislation Why talk or tho
| hEr.ets f OF the tRfn Of the necessity OF refor
sn :he Internal Fevebne, OF Of the es1!A Of Al ire
are certainly uOht pertinent to ths eue1ect; but
m a ksLe them let us not u1lntentooailJ deceive
The aggregate production OF q na.fon OF forty
mifliopE, pD-stR+iDR rte most fert,le territory,
to render the I.Ecral failure OF ao annual Y,
vest Al tmposslb:llty, must necessarily be very
great; While The a1ruai Increment OF population
from natural causes, spteradled to an annual
! hundred
tan1, 81 neces.ily S.ealy expands The cultivated
| doct, auEments the eunpiy OF labor, aud, couse-
quttuJ. OF capital; which last, In tnrn, untls IL
c1r7c:pton ard use most nottceanly in the cou-
! strucCion Of hou.es and nhops and the extension
I OF the meals Of INSTRUMENTATION.
| QEESIlOSs OF TUE doUH,
A"i e i"es,ass tas,5ors = e ,et,ssrads: and
mater OF r1'as interest to The nation
u Al these lnsest'gauons ID 70: the
~ a1a of
the existing relations between national produc-
ton and rational consumption or expenditure:
second. the determination Of The qneAtiaa whether
the milton through its Inheritance OF eoil, cluste,
tacs and government, have been util:Aed 70 the
bezt advantsEe: and third, and most especially,
whether the influence Of existing lAwa teuds Ia
promote such a distribution OF the annual pro.
ducts Of labor acd capital as hest subse1vea the IN
| terests OF the whole people. .
TO Toconattces an INVENTOR Of the national wealth.
Htfhsut reference 10 these questions, would bs
e1u1fAenL 10 pye6e0LlQQ merely 1at C1e1lE hlilt o.
The account ~ evidence Of the snccess Of q bus.
- Transaction, and OF sgnoricg entirely tse pt1
consru AZ may appear In the form Of Interest OF
ssG ~ IL H. cof' o sn, G 1s ~
tharoogh comparison OF thin9s favorable wiki
those uLfavorshle, We may feel sssufed 1hat th,
G1e8fer thai that afforded by . similar invesuga
lion Into the Affairs Of any other country, yet th
fact renders It none the less desirable that -
nents OF nAt1onsl weakness and The methods Of re
nedy, Al we'll a. the elements OF National atrenRth
insnnucn ~ 10 state OF nation =. II structure
! u1e OF the strength Of tne whole.
) Toa discussion. therefore, OF the questions ah1v
: suggested, with special reference to the result
which theinrestiRasiouaa and experience Ct anotne
rear have afforded, the commlss .oner would mex
| invite attention.
RELATION OF sAT71EAL PROTECTION 10 EAtI0xA
oOSsCMf71ok Oh EIrRSpTGRK.
! In rcsrect IL the relation which tue aRgre7at
cf Jaticnul consumption Or expenditure, i IL d!
neult TO nftsve Al duy altogether denotte or sat
| 1nc1Ury cancellations.
PREENT vALCK OF REAL ESTATE AND PERSONA
rRorERTT or TIE UN1TED STATES
> The value OF the real md personal property
the Ented State., as deduced nom the census +.
? tu1ns Of 1e6N, euotrnc,ln4 the vai1e Of the the
ipqus5. as as proau:ei. nd lV eonsaue1s & Ress
ana lot property, was estimated IN rounh nun
he sa raoe oi fDHaa sss annuai i psodues At
% cN,UDS; the value NJ the aLnual product Of e11
peIso- al s19lu5, aod tue average property of csc
k, | person in The rntlon n f4al.eG
i. A valuation CT Great britain for 1862, whtcs
: haH undoubtedly ctAtn 10 Close Hppr0x1Nattrc &c
= cnIaeJ.f gives the following results. p:ass pEol
= tyty Of tht nation, $50 t 0o0 900 H6 10 0ohi
"a Gross annual income, 90 tcsts ON, ,eaa
J. net become, or onetna! earnlnGa, COZ
Nsefent population Of the United Kingdom b.iC
II 80 $50 90" &c have, according 70 the aoosc ralu
le ttop, fraction less tnan $1,000 "a the srefaE
N saluc Of property 10 each tndH1tual. and Sl3&
" the proportion Of Ehc EIosa yAiue Of the Auuu
II product to each person.
7c Assuming tee present population OF the Cr.te
rs S'aics 10 be 80 oN, 90 and the average vAlle
81 the properly nth by eacn person to have nom
le DaIy Increased .ron si:l.26 snid IN 1861 10 60
II curreEcy In 1@Gq- the present rau2toa OF u
ii Cptted States would he SO 1H nN, ,v0,l, lucrea
O. tttce 1850 of s, a,s1s, ,s7s ct 6as per cent
This ctttmste the Commissioner believes -
e. - large AZ the evidence available On this sus{e
of will wsraDt, uulass an estimate BE- given to In!
1r or what II would exchange for In uoneJ or otL
81 marketable pro dnctA lie would further reul!l
I'd tloke who would be inclined 10 regard tats azgr
e1 gate As an underestimate, that tne patt1ua rAiu
- lion Of I'll, icduceo from the cens
ut ft1lnS Of tSfn, represents the surplus OF tccu
Nc 12ttgn over expenditure which had resulted mp
n that date from nll the Labor aud ecooouy Of
or the p+orlc who have iGhabs,cl NIL the territory
II The En1led States tnce 1ta ntst discovery q
Or. eetuemeut by E1topean-, plus whatever OF csptt
nj has been tent 10 It oJ other nRtous autt It II q
Ie reasonable TO srrpo.e tont 10 the slnele deca
a which has e!aFBed siuce 1S6D, during near1y OF
var. that IN actual lncrcAse Of wealth mas be
~. n n uHrlNhtNEf I