Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1869-03-24

accompanying his grade and drainage map
transmitted to the City Councils by MAYOR
Bowen, on Monday evening last, is q compre-
hensiye one, and IL 10 10 BE- hoped that tue at.
tsntion of our councils win be aroused. ana
that they Will take the initiatory steps towards
commencing general syrem OF drainage ON
this or some other plan. He says "tnat many
portions of the city are too low to admit of be.
ing drained into the canal AND Potomac as at
present attempted There being no natural
outlet INTO which these low sections can BE-
thoroughly drained, IT becomes necessary either
10 construct an artificial outlet, or raise these
low grounds. The former bling the on y prac
ticaole mode OF dealing with the subject, 1
would recommend that a BASIN or large tauk
he constructed Of sufficient capacity 10 rsce,vs
she sewage, and insure the drainage of the low
est part OF the city. The southeast corner of
20, peninsula, on which the United States ar
senaI Is situated. would be a suitable location
for such basin; at this main outfall the sew.
age should- be divided and con yerted into a
leIuiizer for agricultural purposes, IN which
revenue TO the CITY
The area included within the bounding lines
OF the city Is about 5000 acres. This area Is
naturally divided into a number of basins, or
crsinage sections, by water shed lines or
iloge,; these sections may be described as fol-
Section 1. The northeast basin, which can be
drained by maiu sewer commencing at laird
street west and the line of the canal, aud run.
ming thence by the following. named streets to
the Forth boundary Along Third street to
street, along Il to First street west. thence to u
street north, along ID TO North Capitol street,
along North Capitol 10 l. street, along l. to
First street east, then north 10 stree. west To
First street. nortn TO q street, west TO Fifth
street north 10 k street, west 10 f gnth street,
north to : street. ives: to Tenth street, north to
I street and intersection of Vermont avenue,
thence along Vermont avenue 10 North Bonn
dairy Length. 1s,tC0 feet; elevation OF fixed
curb grade at boundary, %. 5 feet: at canal iS5
fact above mean low water: INCLINATION from
boundary, 5 As inches in every loo feet.
quire 10 be drained by sub.maiu sewer,
commencing al the Intersection Of street
north and Massachusetts avenue and running
east along street TO Fifth street east. thence
north to q street, east to Seventh street. north
10 Al street. east to Thirteenth street. and
thence roth TO boundary. Length OF this
branch $50 feet; elevation of fixed grade at
boundary i4.9 feet; at intersection of r street
ana Massachusetts, avenue 20.j feet above
mean low udei inclination from boundary
in every 100 feet.
Whole area drained by these main Sc wers
i,'o4 acres or about 24 square miles. Now,
principally by the amount of sewage which
they are required to pass and the rate of in
ciination or TALL in their vertical position, and
t , gnantiis OF sewage on any given area de.
and the amount OF rainfall, 1t follows that to
effect lasting and thorough system of drain
age, we must base our calculations on an aver.
age dense population, In connection with the
data arising from the rain fall the inclination
&c. IL has been ascertained th at the maximum
population OF our most thickly Inhabited cities
does not exceed 2OU,OOO to the square mile
Let Us assume l2O, e0U to tie square mile as the
population OF this city. 1t has also beeu esti-
mated that 20 gallons OF water per diem for
each individual OF the population is sufficient
for the several purposes for which wafer is re.
CURED in a town or city, such as domestic
uses, cooking, drinking, washing, watering
yards; also fortmanufacturur-s. extinguishfhg
hres, &c, &c. Now the area included in this
section IL 1,464 acres or about Pa square miles;
assuming 12t GO 10 the square mile, we have
21GUsl population. The annual quantity of
water requir q 70 supply this population will
be2Ox365x27O.T M=i, ~ i.W0,OOO gallons The mean
annual rain fall in this city, found by a series
OF observations extending over e. years, up to
le61, is 1872 inches The whole area TO be
drained is ,i6i acres; then SO di.
yidsd by IL is equal 199 49,, A. cubic feet
Taking cubic foot as equal to \ gallons, we
nave issSs3, 20 ix.h.i,4e5,i+9,6isg allons-an-
nual amount Of raip fall on 1,i6i acres.
Gallons annually.
Sewage from rain fall ............. 1,i95 449,6is
Ioial amount ....-......-....-.. 3,i66, ii96is
or s,ig7,I22 gallons daily, or 6,5a5 gallons per
minute. The entire bulk of ewage must con
SYST chiefly OF the above items at least the other
constituents are too small TO material affect
an estimate like this. Now as the quantity of
sewage Will be comparatively small at the
boundary, and become greater as the sewers
approach their Outlet, it follows that their ca
pacIty will vary. Intdetermining the capacity
OF these sewers IT must not be forgotten that toe
bulk OF the sewage Is delivered during one half
of the time assumed, that lie during Il instead
OF "a hours. Also, that the rain falls unaou,I.
~, or principally during storms which fast for
most require TO be- doubled to meet these con.
Taxing into consideration the
q quantity of sewage 10 be conveyed, the rate of
inclination or fall, and the other circum.
stances of the case, The capacity of ina main
sewer for this section will require 10 be AZ
least eight feet in diameter from tn grand
NAN dTaln al the canal to the Intersection
Of + street north and Massachusetrs ayenue
where the branch or sub-main sewer enters
Prom that point 10 the intersection of Frs.
street east ant street north feet IN diameter:
thence &c the intersection of Eight stree, w.st
and : street north, feet in diameter thence 10
the BOUNDARY. feet in diameter. The branch
or sub main commencing at the intersec ion of
street. and Massachusetts avenue W M aoujra
TO be feet in diameter, from Massachusetts
avenue To the intersection OF II street north and
seventh street east, and from that point to the
Boundary, feet IN diameter. In the foregoing
the question of disposing OF IN.
sewsge matter, without any reference To the
presence OF creeks, streams or brooks which
may ea i,h ~ ,ns area 70 De drained has been
clude the How OF water arising from these
sources from the sewers.
Section III. Northwest basin may be drained
oy main sewer, commencing at Rock Creek
between Twenty second and Twenty tn rd
streets west, and running thence to street
thence along street 10 Twenty second street
Sixteenth street 10 Massachusetts avenue than
northwest to Seventeenth street, north 10 New
hampshire avenue. and along New Hampshire
avenue TO North Boundary. Length, lz,25j
rect area Drained about 775 acres or nearly IL
square miles. Elevsuon Of fixed curb grade n
boundary. l2s feet; AT Rock creek. I2gi feet
aboVe mean low tide. Inclination from bound
airy, Ca ircaes IN every 100 feel. Taking the
uala ass ufneo In section |, We have population |
i9u,'.o: sewage due from population aud rain
iall l,ee6 ,6le 55o gallons annually; 5IcSe0OgtI
Ions daily. $3.50 gallons per minute In. Ca
paCity 81 Inc sewer Tor this section will raaurs
10 De feet In diameter from Rock creek 10 the
" Intersection OF l. and sixteenth Streets from
mat point 10 the intersection OF Seventeenth
street ana New Hampshire avenue, q feet m
diameter, ana thence to boundary, d; feet in
diameter. $500 ~
Section III includes that portion of the city
lying between Twenty first street and ThIrd
street west, and drained partly by Sc ysers al |
ready laid. extending from the canal in soma
distances as far north as l. street norlh The
area OF TINS section IL ABOUT one square mil
assuming the Gaia taken in calculatl.r sec
mons and ii, We have sewage due 10 ms
poftlor, ,5}p,8i42ee gallons annually. num.
Der OF these sewers will require 10 be recon.
;tr ucts d before any thing like goot draioagecan
pc erected by them; for instance. Seventeenth
Ieet sewer lacks capacity Fourteenth stree,
> del Give In construction; street &c wer inn. /
proper grade, &c, &C.
s@cHcn c.".es the Capitol buiId,nx,,
mo grounds, and that portion OF the c,tv when
ropes 10 the southwest from the Capitol: area
ibOut one hundred and fortv cros. l