, 1869-02-05
AN ESSAY ON PARKS.
Ipfuance of Vegetation Upon
The Climate ar d A.
mos spheKe.
Tbs Connection Between Sanitary s:ience
and Pub}ic Parks.
Paper by Or. Raucf.

E4A = A1AAt hAAtA@H
Paper by Or. Rauch. |
Cr. John q. Raueh last tT.n'te real, .. The
ACADEMY Of Sctenc=f, a SECOND raSet upon 1ba
subject Of tie inu.t &c Of Vegetation Il fec Ing
the cnm.te ard condition OF tie atnmp.ere-
The audience consisted Of two IAdle. and eeven
gentleman, inc'ucing two reporters ard c1clut-
|. E tho epesk.r, xho constituted the tenth.
Tb.fe were bnt two members OF the Academy |
t1eeeu:, Eot enough 10 constitute q eons.l-
tut,o-al quorum. but tic eetayist. a. he /
declared, wns aching 10 deliver hImtelf OF the |
tmmenfe amount Of vegetable matter which be |
had accumulated, and Accordingly delivered. lie |
taid be appeared In manner unsatisfactory 70 |
hi1a.el ~ the vastuets Of the +nb} ct wla such
4. TO hare prevented htt giving 10 1t tho lin ''hst
It demanded Ue hAd thoul ht best, however. 10
ptcscIt the uas,tr As room as possibt', In order
10 srvent ha.ty ard lnjud1cious leeitl.tioc. nc
"a. dfn'y convinced that we can change or cit
naic by tho pro1er location Of parks and tic
pls, Of treef. and thus diminish The mortall.
". MAr IA. the architect Of bis owa abl]lu9
plscc, AID he should establish copnec.lnn be.
eir1net'ss5 conpofttton Of plants, which combine
carbon, oxy gen ard hydrogen. stating that vtve-
,.uon ~ = TIC oniy th'6E ghlsh Etvs:
e1hsle carooaIc acid, wltch IL abaorbed
a.u fed upon ov vegetables. The diffusion Of
OF aIaria o. Injection was arrested By the Tres.
pAtrhIlnue plarts. The dec ,mposltion Of animal
and >eee' stle m 1tte, would ro-utt in the COM
pcse destruction Of animal life Lut for lite .rfy-
ing eject Of reGe'Ation npon the Ain oAs<lFr. IN
ettuecs wtte cltsd Of the iEd7tER2 .I.tts.
showing that their aes'ru AHEfa4
ol trees ar the locs.1on Of pst&fkkz ae@,
INCIDENT to our topogtspty - AA&k &46tf
NIL II T. ts,s,rr, ne os..a1s, ho. e1 tss nlap.
and mostly tho temperature. ana IA AaoQfsa.
evtp rate N te'urr, causing thc atCoeptNaAehc
iu-irg heat md cold ea,thxart. De called
a,,tntion. to oeeeFSst1ous mate at Wi,Rnrs
3rorc. who're be found the Temperature hi2acst
IN The centre excepting ia casvs of tudtcn elssa.
tinn Of temttta ufe outside On the open pr .,rio
the teu1era!ure was . degrees lower th.n u ,he
Thermometer iudtca'od II dccr-et heIow zero 1t
no. l19 R.ndoph street; II degrees below al the
tory. and IN dccIe belos at Wfl,al'. G :ovc-
the .ird being IN the southeast. Trees l: nu-tc1
the humidity Of tie atmosphere By ctus,nE a
more equal distribution 0. N ,itare, AMI altr act
~ e1c1tcyr OF conductors Of electricity 1t w&as
question whether the ioFp1cocs which nc -ufy,d
in the W.st . few Jtar., ice might o. hive been
lack Of trees might he 1cstosed d rc7la1t,ng.
The lInuer ce Of the lake wts touched upsn a
b. uen 1al ,knuonce for at Ic1s, eirht n NJ. ri
sc.a;
ture, and The PIT cpsa ton oI tnois urc. aclpr -
changes Of q. u-'ty. aud II toe museu Ii. o!
nodl.s y. utd act 70 produce GsHeEts AMI mnve.
mi seor 'oE'ral dcfIltou. hut In Il raoltarY point
| cf view. thi re ID nnDe Of the stn:-pocrIc ths-
uortnt that cxer.,se ereater inaaecec. tv
g-ed Il c!tl The cau:es Of tis.aae. a.c trrqn ri.
y wsttrd hs Hlrts orcr unhealthy lpcail.
ties. atd thus netng hAt VII, live Q7ite
remote tsnm ine e1cls'rr ca3se to .utf.r. Fsscfa
| gu Dol u.oniy n'anIf.e' h.msevo a: d = tar in
| fneter Of ih- ZANE wind. although fetefs msy
4af' th'' ar ft"m th- nt,xtoor,ne pu.sAers, -here
ttc claboF uou oftbc morhiuc caute ia no.nFon.
c:hez v7nd. ii g-nerlliI ercrctssa = he1efctaI
tptn+pse, and IL ~an'et il Tho ua,i,!cet, witt tue
s1eFp, ION cf tnc too.heA and cast. owing 70 10
cry. In eumm.r. a1 New Osieant. ;bis |trd nt-
wass esute- sickness. In the -unm III coal
% ans tcs.esh.'r. " : Iat: wind, hso Ill osher.. Is
The nj r.n. ast Is The most COMMON wi7d IL
tss'nv Anc &unmrs. and y March. Apr! and MAY
Temperature of thc earth Il hlfh.r tnaa th.t nj
the LIKE, ~hen thit wind tec ,mrs co9l aud
pleasant r sms1rire 20 until November, or upfil
the TENT etafuse II the Garth becomes loxar than
that cf the lake. This w,ao rxe:ctrt* i m4rErd
tiAoeIte Gu nu!nos arv dtses.cs In tho eprtnc
and 10 The main reason Thy our spsInxs sse -
henefc al. Tho EoE.hcalt wind blows ms.
| lsrisl fever Into come portions OF Rome.
| N bsAslA tnls "lbd IL highly unfsToEAhle
10 health. On the west side Of tho t,wn Of
MaTcrne, In FfAces. ARE ettuaied 1aat marshes.
When the E7ud h1ows frun the north lad NORTH
est, fsvets ~ rarely sneoaEtesed. ~hcD, how
ear, be wind h.nzs from the vest south seat
e 'onih. 70 ~ 70 pass oses these p.iudas rur.
faces before 'e.ettnc the town. fcvtrs mike their
| A., Ant, titaa.e opposite Marc.ne, aad On On
tne othtf stu. .! tie maishce mitteHs taks dlf.
h;ss s 'ntn' 80 dusire the prcalcnec Of the east
| w'ch. tfe 'o*n become sict1y, when It ceaScs
/ Wter The cpI otitt currents set ia
Ihe eat wind, wtih the exc pt,on o! the north,
| Mtae it2sf tfeqn. nt, and IL Euoec ecu1on ID
| 4lItc than In any other -sasou Of tho yerr- in
WiLttr II l. EARN. nd wht.c isnrn this direction
to. re u q dimihu':on IN The numhpr Of acute IN
r!.'rR:s II dts'grecAsle. The l.ks cxcr:tt-s
m,'ked II ia. uteton this snd The nor,hta,,
"ttu'. Edf1hu'cs IL euppo.cd. to des1rc tsver
bi'wr II .rnn Asnird: The same vlrd wis
ns'ttfn hnrn kttex TO london.
ens,r.,,, ~ toe ~lIus ~ noa1 - a. depfc.,iuT snd
| pca'tut hnt 10 rnmmer and sutunn It ID wum
| sud dsnp 10 addition 10 Its drpr..s,nK sG..t Il
how the city And thosa bord srtnR on the Caluutf,
"ten ftr Kcaiher has been iutrrse1y col + tor 4
Inn eer Of dsy',s ehanre 10 this d,re.t will
Q! tes var II II the mo+t fatal w1ud. F,r'u-
ratrly i 10 ihe least frequent Of tho Iour prtoci.
s!1as p! rnd.. ~. W. nS epds tendency
| tes,lv Ill citcates. whcn The iat.tat hrs Beer
| habs,Ee, A.. 1t we't, .in tnc nahncc"
s'.,,ns s!:q s's: 9s:: =. q ats' o.' I'd
eesrr rr 'h.' hsv+ no:lcef orenrret uu.t,E ths
10Th 1t JuIs. iefS. when 'hs wind h'aw Ito !, iao
chs. s.d 10 tne tsntteast, a1d - q, d l4.s w.ed
cnn'inu. from tie eatue DIRECTION q dts,hs o..
ssrei: sts q u = teurcr1 urc o. q; ~ d.!.
ehatrsd 10 'tc Eor'ht.st. erd the NOR Al.tr dt.
ntnt.h'o 10 IS. nth mcIn scmpc1s.u:c of NJ,
m: r!aift1 a'eni'ee IL th* Twrinn v III. In al.
mo.s rEr'y cliul'it an! c,1n.f, tits tho tn 1et
Iat4' wind t:ss vr haze 4tJ fecnrt @. e.',,,nx
,st d. M. T. f.rf III ,hc ecnnt,i d, Fir ,rs T.
dttipR Tn thr M-nla rr,ntan In l7saen ii m
hagts ~ nj f.sufAbie '1duan'F. be au'r It hiosA
fiute' Gnltet Il h I warn,. pel+4ai r;nt Ia
-ltcf. hat iL at r h'f statpbe Of the sc%r 1t II
damr. dri r, ''nr - erras,ng ard ro'so' o1t;,.
tho tast ~ rnft1l. - nett common tn sinteF.
~htn.t t"1str ). ht q ntta ,snu: :ne', In tantrt.
~:rd-. tsm,ti'bins ITO moriA:.,y. she sam. ~,
i 3sr tbe ea,c In a:t'sr. In 'hc - nm"' Il .pr'.
s.!' M. ~: ctcs' es.nEs. M h.s, ,'seu r''ce.
n,t~u tte dump ron hus.t ND the dry s'n'h
n+st, Ii autumn Il sttfttscs to IL'ue"eu. - II
W. inv eoms ia ths r. rt!hne wtn'. mt s'nna
ot ch"seo .hn: The ch.'te valley nf tno M's'ts
.,;p'-tn. ,ou,.*e.,. IN i.e*n r.. '.e ho.,c.,
s'a s"S,'. 10 -een s's'' a., n,'ia.ss7es, ,.,'
n's t. .~. 4 I'D Mtu e4.sP III n 'if Il. .a,s; nne
@ at1 'ta ',...x i "'n' y. foa 81.
i hr toan1 o':, % j. Sow' s I'D, seT es, il
| r1.fetsr,R vlst in1uetca IN ! pan,ts'y pn,n. Of
| flt~. In 'ummts And autumn, rlf.5!tp with II
| 10 tsrfy pft,oh nf lhe tily the exh.lat >rR nf
| Nina LAX II d lbt region b snt 4si y tn. [Isuos
| ind htttiR I'll Csta' II In tho uutuy4l sItd rf
satnu4E. h1F. wing to uuf lsvel i,la1n, and tbs
Rttai fharPte thst sutd, hy taks patr ii u N 1re
ffrQut III IN Nitf Ter. and tHtrnrr, Az In faN mi
iaGa Ibis ~ind has rrnrr rK'rnsiEr ard rsto.
ts1irR surface thsn any 0thts. n": ess,fI1y exrr
ter. FftAt ihf'u trt n.'oG tesdtt. anh It u shs
wind That saf's m rsA's ORR mar rfty, and nett 10
he pouthesst. ~ The os1i faa, sid. 2t1' 10 ~
Rteat Presh1ence, eauseF rtcatsr mortal ! than
/ ny other ~ith
Ehs west wind l. mus eommen Than apy frnu
the nit pDiLts 0f the eoMpsas. aba il noat fro.
". D. q *tftFr when II generally u the 'tless
~ s'rs"tt The mortality by This with IL
'sfrff IN ~fh'cs and aplumn. In runsnts i
,Iatfr in this pce. ffain lhe sou,h IL n i and
r..i"tht1t =. snd i's ,tnnenta IL marked 10 1
-, ss, ann',"tl'n nf iha dcstlss. aEf, srb fsftr
rns ~. h"a th1ttAtlty ,trnfs thar Eon any
,,Istral't. aha 1nEy ~ as1d t1 b., Tho
~, ',,,, ~thh daf'tR ibn ~ ne fesf,
sa ,tis . nt,,H "i'h 1aisht In ta'tEd H.frss.
Mh sunni. t",d' beEt'ssshE wind IN wlnrSt,
W "y sanAli* n.s'and ,~t1ssm m',.1s' .,,!,,is y -
afh autumn. II hstIlu is..I ,s..." "'s.ft. sEflht
- u sef'h9 th's @th' II III M -. - s'.
tths thshera. tstu1'1hg II i,unn,,,r ,. ,ns ms
t3t !hhantnht ~ hf,rk.as /. ns,, tt"'""Isne
pn't irsftFs'eR anf ti!visot%sicr wind van
Tables WIRE !!rst hsed Aostne lis snatu a.,
/ u. the northeast nr1s. northwest snt;. ana "
s'uthtAsi tFTt-thc tn"ftai,ty t~lne g;fa,rst
vt eH southeast w.td rtrsA.tsA. Thr sIt ri a.
psFHs must he Of errmon and ReLes4l tas.teel
II ON 4haf eteh Eitls1un "A &I!2'1t tnltEetssa IN
ttc rstkr Of The nthtE dsstltors. t'nfnx tbs pal