The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-12-09

Frontier Relations with THrlEey-rrovinrial
CIaisls in Kurdistan-Hoyai Rishts-TIe
Populations.


Frontier Relations with Tarhey-rrovincial
Claims in Kurdistan-Hoyai Rishts-The
Populations.
letter or recent date from Teheran, IN the Jour-
mt ODsciet OF Paris, contains the foowlng:-
The political preoccupations OF Persia at the
bresent moment are concentrated TWO important
lues,ions,ne state OF the frontier In the direction
DI Turkey and the difficulties oil discovering q coni-
promise which should concliatc the Traditional
privileges. OF the LARGE province or Kurdlstan witn
Ae sovereign rights OF The Court OF Te-
heran. Already, list year, conflict arose
between the Inhabitants on the border
and the Turkish troops stationed in the
Be.hborhood, ana simIlar incsoent again recently
occurred. The frontier is, however badly defined
that snch Incidents VIII continue 10 be almost me VI
Table so long as the Inc Of demarRauon shall not
nave been more clearly drawn. Tue treaty or Ere
'oum, concluded IN 1917 between the two states.
under tue mediation OF Great Britain and Russia.
Clauses prescribed the formation OF q mixed com.
MISSION, 10 be charged with the task OF tracing
Ihe limits exactly and thus avoiding any subsequent
Misunderstanding Delegates from Turkey and
Persia ana from the governments OF London
ana 81 81, petersburg met on the. spot IN
Shsy could not, however III consequence OF uuore-
seen obstacles, attain the object of their mission;
they, however, collected the Information necessary
Tor the complexion of the work. and took topo-
graphical survey OF the country. The labor was
resumed ut st. Petersburg IN 1853 by another com
mission, three members OF which were English, but
tae map then urawn UP was not III accord with The
hfst and work OF comparison and rectifcatlon
became necessary TO Tx clearly the reciprocal sltua
lions. A new plan prepared by the Russian stan
and an English COMMISSION IS SAID TO be now ternl-
mated ami Will permit the lin Is 10 be marked with
perfect knowledge OF the ground.
But tue most dlincut point to be decided will be
ehat when relates 10 the exact nationality or the
nominal tribes which cross the frontier twice a
year, ana may he considered as alternately Turks
anu Persians. With respect to the otner question:
relating TO kurdlsian, tDat province for several
centuries past has enjoyed relative independence
ana has become sort oil hereditary prlncIpanty
under the authority OF native Chief the last ruler
having ielt only two young. children, the shah OF
n sta appointed one OF his relatives TO
placed q hign functiouary az the head or oae
OF tue most important districts. But the charac-
ter OF the kurds and their traditions rendered
TINS combination dincult to be maintained, ana the
officer seut 10 SOM Boulak has already been recallc1
the prince or the royal house has, however, been
settlement of the kurds IN the country wnlch they
now innabt dates from prehistoric times. The pro-
Iierls, Armenia. AzerDeidjan and iraA has no pre-
else limits, and the people, who are of warllAe
Character and wandering habits, range INTO
leave, as they are induced by circumstances, while
the real boundaries or their territory unde-
lined. Those populations may be divided INTO 1--we
groups; the first which occupies the country
refsa proper comprising kirmaashan. hhorassan,
Mazendcran and CUBAN, is almost entirely subject
TO the central government; the second, occupying
the southeast OF the Azerbeidjan, Is composed Of
!aere Hxed elements, but mingled with different
nlrect authority OF the Shah; the third known
as the kuds Of Makoa, at the loot Of
chiefs, who are rich and powerful enjoy a
VIDE authority, and can bring into the held
seyera thousand horsemen the fourth IS that
Wicn lnhdbits SOM Bouak, an important fraction
OF the province OF Azerbeldjon, Oh The ironrlcr OF
the IurAisk empire; the population Is estimated at
25a ONO souls; this district pays tribute TO Persia,
and IL also bound To military service in case OF need,
but does not furnish any soldiers 70 the regular
army, ana Is preserved with Its special adminisira-
ton ana It's former national costoms; the
governors hitherto had been natives; the fifth
group, settled IN the province OF Senneh,
ID the most considerable by ITS position and
extent, as well by It's population and It's
political organizations this also had its naive ralers
Such are the general characteristics OF the kufd
tribes, and the Court OF Ieheran linus some uilcuity
III controlling the administration of districts nhaDit-
ed ny populations so little resembling eacn other,
ana which form 30 incomplete ldea oil all regular
government. IL, however, with prudence; desir-
Gus as IL IS before ALL 10 avoid unnecessary Compile
cations, ana with tat view often notifies ITS
iutlons rather than raise conflict WIN tribes winch,
WINE preserving their privileges, do not refuse to
acknowledge The sovereignty vi the Shan.