The Conservative. (M'connelsville, Ohio) 1866-1871, 1869-01-08

This work involves the breadth and scope
Of q statesman's powers, q familiarity with
tho latest discoveries of tho natural sci
ences and q knowledge and sturdy sense
that intuitively judges Alright in all the &c
Qualities of every day life. II its true OBJ
ject and proper function is understood, Il
work of great magnitude and importance
is opened, requiring n variety Of skilled
official labor and special training in pre-
paration for II. A beginning has been
made, small it may be but f~oreshndowing,
it is believed, n future frnught with good to
agriculture and to the country"
SOUTHERN "oR1cULTUR
The Commissioner remarks upon the
evidences Of vitality in Southern Agricui-
ture, and the gradual trnnquilization of So
cial aud business elements after the de-
spondency from losses in civil war, the
change in the labor system, and disruption
Of families and the impoverishmcnt of
states. Ho opposes the folly of expatria-
ton. and advises against removal, rs an
aggruvation of evils that industry and con-
tentment alone can cure, showing plainly
that thev can make little by forced sales Of
property that nobody ia reody to buy, or by
undertaken to trnvel without money enough
to livcathomc The impetus given TO south
ern agriculture by northern capital and
energy is shown, and more advantageous
results arc predicted. The remarkable
fact is promulgated that the cotton Of 1867
brought more money Though IL was cur
rcncy, and not rs valuable as gold.) than
the famous crop Of 1859; and that the
yield has already attained the figures Of
1910, and is more than half those Of 1859
in pounds, when q crop was produced that,
with similar ones following II, would have
glutted the market and depressed prices
Tho Commissioner docs not believe that
cotton culture is u paying business in its
best estate. The crop averages hut $500
per acre, while wheat averages $500,
with q quarter Of the labor.
cASAprAS RECIPROCITY
The report takes q noble stand against
the proposition of Nova Scotia coal and
potato buyers, Canada wool dealers, and
other class interests, who wish to throw
down a thousand miles Of fence between Va
and the Dominion, for the admission of
beef mutton, wool, wheat, etc, free OF all
duty, while We pay II taxes and groan
under the competition. II says:
"Tho farmers Of this country, while en-
during the necessary burden Of internal
revenue toxations and submitting cheerfully
to imports rpon all foreign products con-
] nNAlAANh w AhAAAAH al AAAAkA ~ NAANAbAt HAk~
tost against nny proposition for the re-
newal Of the abrogated reciprocity treaty,
or any arrangements admitting uutaxed
and low priced Canadian productions Gus
toms free, % any lower rate Of duty than is
provided in existing laws, regulating the
tariff upon similar imports from other ma
tionalitics. They justly demand equality
in taxation, and IN exemption from its bur
dens; they ask no favors for n class prcemi-
ncnt in numbers that thoy would not &c
cord to one OF tho smallest in the nation,
and properly regard with jealousy any
assumption Of clans, for special privileges
for the few NJ the expense of tko many
They cannot see tho Justice of subiecting
farmers TO q direct and ruinous competition
ton in wheat, beef, wool, and all pro-
ducts of the farm, along a line Of thou
sands Of miles in extent, for tho benefit Of
foreigners. who bear nou Of our burdens,
and for the enrichment Of a few Of
our citizens who stand in q necessary yet
u]uproductiye position between tho pro-
ducor and the consumer. Such treaty of
reciprocity would bear with peculiar hard
ship upon tho wool growing interest, and
especially upon tho production of combing
woods, the product OF Canada, a fibre in
growing demand, which our farmers can
readily supply, and at the same time fur
nish the markets with superior mutton of
superior qualitv, If no unjust discrimina-
ton is permitted in the practical working
Of tho wool tariff. Whatever settlement of
questions o ishories or navigation may be
desirable, it is hoped that no advantages
may be secured by concessions %prejudicial
10 the farming interest
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE.
The system of international exchanges
recently adopted, is referred to, showing
that all quarters OF the globo are to be
placed under contribution 10 enlarge and
enrich the Museum of Agriculture. Among
tho collection promised, are n thousand
samples of textile hbres from Indin. 1t is
proposed to have the exchanges with the
Indian Museum in London reduplicated,
and marked with identical numbers for
reference in Washington, in London, and
in tho eleven local museums in India.
GRAPES AND VINE.
Tho progressing condition of grape cul-
turo demands n share Of attention, and
wise foreign grape growers, who assume TO
teach the art here, and 10 show how easily
foreign varieties can be grown in vineyards
are cautioned against inevitable failure. He
predicts that we shall yet equal Europe in
quality Of grapes.
wv ~ y " NAANAAfAH
Tho attention of Congress ia called 10
the successful experiment Of Great Britain
in growing tho Cinchona which produces
the Peruvian bark, and m appropriation is
asked for a Cinchona plantation under tho
direction of the Department. l believe i,
is thought that the mountains of Southern
California arc deemed most suitable for the
experiment,
DIsTAsrs OF Farm sTOcE.
The annual loss to the United States Of
farm animals, by disease, is placed Al not
less than fifty millions Of dollars. Horses,
mules, sheep and swine have all suffered
from the local prevalence of malignant
! forms Of disease, against which little
/ veterinary skill is opposed, and little more
than empiricism and superstitious folly is
I practiced. In swine alone the losses are
r shown to be at least ten or fifteen millions
of dollars annually, by the disease com,
t monty known us hog cholera, for which nc
. remedy has been found, and prevention
7 proved difficult and uncertain.
On the breaking out of the splenic fever
among the Texas cattle, Prof John Gam.
gee, of tho Albert Veterinary College o.
London, was commissioned by the depart,
l ment to investigate its character, causes
B and means for it's prevention. His repor
/ TO the department, after Investigation, no
s only Of diseased native stock, but of cattl,
from Texas, with valuable material collect
| ed by the Statistical Division, will be pre-
r scented to Congress, together with q state
ment of the previous history Of the disease
, in this country, and chromo-l autographs o
diseased internal organs Of animals dyinl
from tho disease.
/ 1t goes on to say, if tho enlightened sens
of public feeling leads to the formation 0
Societies for the prevention of Cruelty tC
g Animals, a higher appreciation of the de,