The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1869-07-22
aaiaeellaneons.
Glass Staining.

Although each OF half dozen Of the
largest cities IN America boasts one or
more establishments Tor the manuiac-
ture aud architectural application OF
stained glass, ey FAR the hnest and best
WORK oil az Is aone' as might be readily
supposed, IN New iork city. There
are Oh Manhattan Island four factories,
besides one 10 Brooklyn
The artist hrst sketches out his idea
10 pencii or ordinary drawing paper, and
elaborates 1t until the design is compile
ted ne then prepares large sheet oil
pastehoard on which he draws the hu-
man and other figures Of the exact size
they are to be IN the completed work ;
the various eolors and their gradatlons
are then decided on, aud their exact ar.
rangemeat determined, so that the de-
siguer car now tell exactly nov many
pieces OF glass he Will require of each
color and how many OF each OF the
several various sizes and shapes. TINS
important preliminary work being ac.
complished' the brittle substance Itself
now for the hrst t'me Is taken IN hand.
The material used ls Tor the most part
the common window glass OF American
or New Jersey make, which is Purchas-
ed in large sheets made especially for
the purpose. A very small portion OF
glass OF the liner coiors, the very best
rubies, blues, purpies, aud greens are
imported, but BY Tar the larger portion
arc eolored BY the American workmen
The clear uncolored glass rs cut with
common giazlers diamond, although
the multitude OF pieces required and
their varied and fanciiui shapes make
tins seemingly intermiaaeie 100. This
may be readily imagined when we state
that one single window Of Trinity
Church, In New Haven, contains more
than zen thousand separate pieces, every
one OF which was cut and coiored slogiy.
when the requisite number OF dia'
monds, circles, squares, octagons, cres,
cents, and other shapes are cut accord,
ing to the number called Tor by the full
size pattern, they are next taken to the
painting room, where the color IS laid
on. This part OF the work Is very sim
pie, merely consisting 10 covering with
a nat brush, one side OF each fragment
OF glass with a thin, even coating OF
the proper color. These paints are all
mineral, and have to be exposed to an
intense heat ior many hours, IN order
that the coiorlng material may sank Toto
the surface Of the glass-be, IN fact 50
fused with Its very sabstaaee that IT
becomes actually part Of the glass, and
can no more be separated from Il than
can the medallion mead from the sur
face OF com. :.
The glass stalners' reds and yellows
are produced from pure silver prepared
with antimony; the blues are made
from cobalt; another red comes from
oxide Of iron; white from block tin
black, from manganese green, from
copperas; purple is only yielded BY
pure gold itself.
These !, are all what are known as 4on,
amels," or surface colors, and are not
melted through the entire substance Of
the material. These various mineral
substances are reduced TO powder BY
A "hux' Is then prepared
from q mixture Of red lead, Hint glass
and horax, which are melted together
in oFacihles. 10 this "hax" the desired
color Is then added, and the mass ls then
reduced to paint, which Is land on
with brush, as before described
While the color Is drying on the many