davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
Bnefitar.
TO A LADY WHO SAYS SHE DOES NOT
RELISH BACON AND GREENS.

II there's one thing on earth which like
morn another,
friend that will stand firm, and stand
like Brother,
A friend that will stand strong and dc
what he means,
That friend is a dish of good bacon. and
greens.
Then scorn not, fair lady that standard old
dish,
'Tis worth all your patties, your salad and
fish.
I've tried it and know that It's Just as Ii
seems,
That comforting dish OF good bacon and
green's .
But stop why how your eyes sparkle !
there's joy in their light,
and they seem like stars in the blue vault
ed heavens at night,
And what is the reason? l know what it
means,
Why for dinner there's dish of good ba-
con and green's,
-Paiatka (Fla.) Herald.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
GRAFTING POTATOES.

The newest thing under the. sun is
grating potatoes. The mode of OPERA
ton is 20 take Cwo potatoes, one of
each variety the g od qualities ofwhich
It Is wished 20 combine; with a pocket
knife cut out all the eyes clearly out OF
one OF them, and substitute in their
place the eyes cul ont OF the othet. Tho
eyes to be inserted should be spronfed
and cut in she torn Of wedges and in
serted Into cuts of the same shane and
size as in the other potato; they are
held III place by hair pins and bound
with bass mating or tMine.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
& GAVE BOY,

We hear of lad in Halifax who, fail.
ing from i, wagon while hauling wheat
and breaking his leg. crawled to a
branch, and procuring some willov
bark, set the broken bones OF his leg,
and binding !; up, finished loading his
wagon and drove home. A physician
was seht for, who, upon examining the
broken leg, pronounced it fixed up full
ly as well as he could do it, and let the
boys ''job" alone. We have forgotten
the little fellows name, but he is game
enough to be a ragged reb's" son.
MiltoR Chronicle.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
PRUNING TREES,

There IS no period in tie Whole year
so suitable for pruning fruit ana orpa.
mental trees as the prGsent--Ilp to saw
the gath of the month. 1t Is the period
Wien the tree Is at rest after its first
growth and before the second begins.
wounds made at This time by the alb.
sclsion of branches, nicely heal over
aud present neat appearance. instead
or producing dead wood and perhaps 4
diseased spot. as is often the case WhssD
prnnea Ia winter aud early satInr
Prune down.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
HOW TuRNIPs CAN BE RAISED CHEAP.

BY sowing the Purple-Top turpip
seed at the last dressing of the corn and
covering with Il light harrow. a couple
of hundred bushels of the best turnips
can be raised With very little trouble.
The. curly sowing will be Compensated
for by the shade afforded by tie giow-
ing corn. This crop will take the place
of the weeds and will not be in the wav
OF harvesting the corn. as it will do the
tnrnips li.tle harm to treat them as
though You did not know the crop was
there. There Will be eilought left, un-
injured to pay all the expense dozen
times over.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
ALEXANDRIA FEMALE SEMINARY.
ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA.

I'HE next session of this Institution
= which has been conducted heretofore
pal, Mr.. X. <EMPER, will begin on the S Tn
day of September, 1869. A tine Building.
win very extensive grounds adjoining, has
Deen purchased ON Washington street, in
the must beautiful and healthy portioli OF
the city, and Boarders will be furnished with
every comfort on the most reasonable terms.
Al full corps of Instructors have been en-
pioyed, and while thorough ira ming in the
English Branches will be insisted on as o
the flrst importancn, unusual facilities will
be afforded ih The Department of Miisi5'
Drawing, Painting, and Modern Languages.
Bom1teTS aotU enjoy The doraptoge OF Marina
the French spoken IN the family Of Is'incipaLI
No extra charge Is made in theircase for tut
ton IN French, as all are expected to study
il ard. take part in the conversations.
Send for catalogue.
June 25S. 1G0-3m.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

GFAn English farmer. by picking
over his seed-wheat with the utmost
care, and planting grain in place,
at Intervals of foot each way, produc-
ed l62 bushels to the acre,
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

iEe Sow ten bushels per TO-
wood wood ashes en- your wheat fieid e .,'t M
time OF sowing the seed. az the
anything would be hctterf scarcely
hand, broadcast ,atter by
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

iF@A gentleman rode up to a pub
llc house in the country and asked,
"Who is the master OF t lis house ~ Il
am SIR" replied the land lord; smy
wife has been dead about three weeks
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

R7- Advertisements for less time than
three months will be charged for at the usu-
al rates-one dollar per square for the first iii
sertion, and fifty cents for each subsequent
insertion.
p4-The number ofinsertions must be mark
ed on the manuscript, or the advertisement
will be continued until forbid and charged
fer accordingly
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
ORANGE MATE sCTIdOT,..

ORANGE MALE SCHGOTi:
THIS School for young men aiid bows
30th.
Strict attention will be paid to the morals
and progress of the pupils.
Tuition, Payable Half Session in Advance;
For English brances per half session
of five months, sl7 20
Higher Mathematics, Moral and Phys
ical Science, 20 90
Ancient and Modern Languages, with
other studies, % 90
NO extra charges.
II. e. HATCHER,
august lS, iS69.-ly. Orange G.. H., Va,
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

From Hon. 3. johnson Barbour, Rector ofth
Board Of ptSito's Of the University Of Pal
VIRGINIUs DABNEY, Esq,
MY DEAR SIR R!-The lapse of another year
enables me 10 speak more decidedly as to the
merits OF your system of education and 1t
is no less my duty than my pleasure to say
that both as 10 literary culture and moral
training do not believe there is q better
school within the limits of Viiasnia. You
have evidently the happy talent Of stimulat-
ing fondness for study in your scholars,
whilst you lose no opportunity of quicken
honorable in life. / continue to congratu-
late myself that my son was placed under
your charge, as his progress in all respects
mas met my warfr6st hopes, and feet that
III would be unjust iii me to withhold this
voluntary tribute to your excellence as a
Wishing You great and deserved success, I
am, sir with high respect and great regard,
Faithfully your friend,
B. JOHNSON BARBOUR.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
Schools.
LOUDOUN SCHOOL

MIDDLEBURG, LOUDOUN COUNTY, VA.
tI'H E design of this School is to give n
= thorough preparation for the University.
or the busi less of life.
The fifth session will open on the first of
September next, and close on the 18th of the
following June 1t is very desirable that pu-
pills should be present on the opening day.
A long sojourn in Paris enables the Prin-
cipal To promise unusual advantages to pu-
pills desirous of acquiring thorough know.
ledge and correct pronunciation of the
French language.
Mr. John Ieh Logan will have charge of
the Mathematical branches
The village of Mlddleburg is situated with
in sight OF the Blue Ridge Mountains, in
what is called the Piedmont Region of Vir-
ginia. 1 he heathfulness OF the climate and
the refinement of the society of this portion
OF the Stale, are well known.
[From Hon. j. r. 7ucker.l
BALTIMORE. May l, 1860.
My DEAR SIR:-It gives me peculiar plea
sure to say to you, what have said to 9TH
ers, that after four years OF experience of
S,piur S,i, system oi instruction, you have admir-
y best Schools in your State. The progress
made by my son and my nephew, as well rs
py others.with!whom have been associated,
mas been very gratifying, in diligence, accu-
racy, and energy, which your system SO re-
mar<ably exacts. 80
Your thorough acquaintance with the An
cient classics, and with the French Ian puape
and your enthusiastic taste for their STUDY
mas created among your scholars q kindred
feeling, which Is an assurance of solid pro-
gresS. Inc generous emulation among them
tor the reward of your approval, is one of the
marked characteristics of your excellent
system of teaching.
Your excellent Assistant in Mathematics
partment.
In a climate, 'There health and strength
are assured to your scholars, your school is
destined, beyond doubt to a permanent and
I mt
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
C1TTToN
FEMALE RDING SfUOAI

TN Is School, taught by Miss e. G.. Pa
Il gand, will commence on the LIST oi Sep
telnber, 1868, and close on the 26th of June,
1870.
clifton is ~ miles from Gordonsville, on
the Orange and Aexandria Railroad. com
manding view OF the latter for miles,
Tho health and beauty of the location are
equal to any in Virginia. No effort W IL be
spared to make the boarders comfortable
and happy and their duties pleasant and
profitable At
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
Board and tuition in English, h,.........sl $50
Latin and French, each, ,.......,... 10


One-half in advance, the balance the LIST of
February, lS70. Only five orsi boarders will
be taken. Address &. COWHERD
July 80, lS69.-3m.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

lffom RI. Rev. r. FL. Wilmer, Bishop of Ala,l
MOBILE, April 3O 1868.
MY DEAR FRIEND:
My son has been more benefitted bv your
instruction than by any he has ever before
received. You have taught him to study,
and by your kindness and patience have
made his studies agreeable him. You have
inspired him with reverence and affection
for yourself, and l don't know how to thank
you sufficiently.
Yours, r. H VIII MFR
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20

TERMS $500 per session.
Circulars sent on application.
July o. lS69.-3m. v. DABNEY.
The native Virginian. [volume] (Orange Court House, Va.) 1867-187?, 1869-08-20
o tie gatirs Eir9iiuau,
BY BAGBY & sToFER.

TERMS OF MISUNDERSTANDING following
nre our terms of Advertising. which will, In
no instance, be departed from:
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
Pottrg.
The Angel Guide.


ny MRS. l.. c. HOLLOWAY.
liz the quiet hush Of midnight,
While the stars burned fur and dim.
And the busy household music
flushed its many-chorded hymn
In the heart Of great city,
Far from home and dearest friends,
Lay stranger, sleeping calmly.
While above an angel bends
Hush can'st hear the angel whisper
ofthe path that man must tread
over mountains bleak and lonely,
Under storm clouds dark and breads
Holding still In heart and nature
One true purpose deep and strong,
Just to triumph over evil,
And in spirit shun the wrong?
Nearer comes the strife and nearer,
Higher flights and depths more deep
Open to the troubled sleeper,
Till he wakens from his sleep,
And with weary, troubled feelings
Turns his head, and there In sight
Is his natures better angel,
Radiant in halo bright.
There Is naught of human semblance
Save his glory-lighted face,
And he wonders at the vision
Coming in 10 strange place;
And he questions, asking slowly
OF the name she bore on earth,
OF her station and condition,
And the land that gave her birth.
And she answers him as plainly
A his mortal brain and will
Can be nodded TO receive her
Words so faint and faltering still.
But though waking vision sees her
Fading dlmly out Of sight,
Still she fingers In his memory,
Angel fair of love and light.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
| Il Is FOR SALEI

And the owners anxious to dispose OF til :
Residence lately occupied by C. Ticknor, and pre-
viously by Nj. Iicknor, deceased a d Known bv
many as the DYER PLACE in Middlebury.
Said property is pleasantly located, on the cor
ner OF Seminary and High Streets, and has lot
l5OxlSO feet, including choice Garden, with thirty
or more Fruit Trees of good varieties also MANY
Grape Vines just beginning to bear, together with
Strawberries, &C.. &C.
The House-containing eleven rooms-is well
adapted to convenience and comfort is in perfect
repair both interior and outside, including slated
root, &c. is supplied with cistern and never-fail
ing well water, and has ample stable accommods
ton; in TACT, lacks nothing TO make it a very de-
sirable residence property.
Parties disposed to purchase may call upon or
address G. TICKNOR.
Middebury, VT.
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
ONL62 5 CENTS

The Great Qaiaing Remedy FOE Chadren.
Contains NO MORPHINE OR POISON
Gus DRUG; sure to Regulate the Boieels :
allays all Pain corrects Acidity of the
Stomach makes SICK and qceak children
STRONG and IEALrHri cures Wind Collie,
tripping, Inflammation of the Bowels, and
all complaints arising from the effects of
Tecthing Call for Mother Bailey's Qnisting
Syrap' and take no other, and you are safe
Sold by Druggists and all dealers in Med
icine,
A, RICHARDS, New London, Conn,
Agent for the United States.
km2
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
FOR SALE.

Twenty or twenty five acres Of first rate MEAD
OW-LAND. including a good Building Lot on
Weybridge Street, in Middlobury.
Inquire at this Office 49tt
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
NOTICE.

EARM FOR SALE.
= The subscriber offers for sale his Home
Farm. containing about THREE HUNDRED
ACRES. situated in the north part of Shoreham,
In the neighborhood OF Cream Hill. The farm ID
suitably divided into pillow, meadow and pasture,
and is considered one OF the best grass farms In
the Town. being well adapted to dsirying or stock
raising. The farm is well wateied and largely
supplied with ash, cedar and pine for fencing and
other purposes orcharding suficien for the wants
OF family. The buildings are one two-story'
house, two IS 40 feet barns, horse barn, corn
house, hog house, &C. Any one wishing to pur-
chase a good farm will do we'll to examine for
themselves. Terms Of payment made easy. For
reference, Z. s. Catlin, Of Orwell.
ISAAC CHAPMAN.
Shoreham, Jan. 9th. 1869. 42H
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
FOR SALE.

HOUSE AND LOT ON HIGH STREET, near
Chipman's Hill. The House is one and half sto-
res high, in good repair pleasantly situated, has
good cellar and Is eommodously arranged. The
lot contains between two and three acres, and has
on 1t a number Of Fruit Trees, There is a good
WELL and first rate Cistern.
For Terms and further particulars enquire of
GEORGE w. PIkNEY.
Middlebury. Vt. March 9th, ls6s. soft
The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1869-07-27
COFFINS AND CASKETS.
THE CLIMAX REACHED.

The peerless" Cooking Stove, for wood and
ton, the best in the world; the one that receiv-
ed the grand prize medal at the Paris Exhibition,
and has never failed to carry of the first prize
whenever exhibited. Call and see the recommen-
datons Of those who have 1t in this vicinity.
9u j. DAVENPORT, Agent.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14
SURGERY,.

II Is one OF the CREATES, triumphs OF Homo.
opathy to dispense with tins operation OF ampu-
tation and eXcisi0n In more than two.thirds Of
the cases. by the radical cure Of the diseased
parts, which Allopathy would have consigned
70 the knife. .a
Fractures and serious wounds arc healed in
less time and with less pain than under any
other mode OF treatment.
Homeopathy Is fulfilling mission whose end
is the overthrow Of all other modes of euro.
and the establishment OF its own complete and
permanent rule. ..
HOMEOPATHY AND LIFE ASSURANCE Tho
Directors OF London Life Assurance Onlce-
tho " General PrOvident at Its recent meet
ing, have placed on record their opinion "thst
persons treated by the Homeopathic system en-
10y more robust health, are less frequently at
tackled BY disease and when attacked recover
more rapidly than those treated by any other
system; that with respect TO the more fatal
classes of diseases the mortality under Homo
opathy IL small In comparison with that OF Al.
l0pathy; that there are diseases not durable q
all under the latter system which are perfectly
curable under the former; and finally. that the
medicines prescribed by HomGopathsts do not
injure the constitution, whereas those employed
by Allopaths not unfrequcntly entail the most
serious and in many instances fatal c0nse-
quences." The Directors further propose TO
summon n meeting Of the shareholders TO lay
before them the facts they have collected and
the decision at which they have arrived, name
ly, "To open q special section for persons treat.
ed by Homeopathic system, at lower rate OF
premium than that charged on other livcs."--
London (Eng.) Obserrer. ......... ....
The ATLANTIC MUTUAL LIFE Insurance
COMPANY, OF Albany, New York, says: Re
garding medical treatment, as affecting rates,
that the systems OF medical practice as affecting
the duration of life arc well worthy Of consider
alton by Life Insurance Companies appears 10
lis evident; calculations upon data IN our pos.
session show decreased raio OF mortality under
the Homeopathic system Of Medicine We
have therefore concluded TO make deduction
of 10 per cent from the table rates upon each
payment Of premium by those habitually using
this mode Of treatment. IN casc OF medical
practice being changed, the full rates will be
again charged. To those who employ the Ho.
mpopathic system when III, this company will
make 3 deduction OF 10 per cent. from the usual
rates Of premium, feeling satisfied that the NOR
tality from disease Is vastly less under this
mode Of treatment. From large mass Of sta.
tistics, gathered from all parts OF tho civilized
world. and supplied largely by Allopathic au.
thorities, embracing the records OF the treat.
msnt OF over 3OO,00J cases OF disease, is drawn
the following . -r------ H. 90. |. ..n.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14
~ : - - - --7L.'-
ELIXIR VELPEAU.

tskLIzN N Lh<h hLFh ~
'I'o THOSE WHO FROM DELIcAcY OR
want Of means are debared from consulting .
physician, this valuable remedy Is cordially roc
commended Although introduced to the people
OF this coast for the nrst time, yELPEAu's
ELIXIR has long been known in Europe as IN
fallible for the cure OF ofspermhiorrhea or Seminal
Weakness. Impotence, Involuntary Discharges,
yoluptuous Dreams. Ringing in tho Ears, Palpi.
taton of the Heart. Mental Depression, Defect
i've Memory, Nervous Debility. and that general
and indsnnable Lassituds and Lack Of Tono 10
the System resulting from extreme susceptibility
OF temperament or excesses.
A circular accompanies each bottle. with full
instructions. Price, 8: 30. For sale by all TO
spectacle druggiats.
HosTETTER, SMITH q 90.
San Francisco, Wholesale Druggists,
noso-iy4p and Ascntr for the Pacific Coast.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14
MEDICAL.
DIR. +. KILLER,
HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN
.'gaaU
.n SURGEON.
nR. KILLER PAYS PARTICULAR AT.
Il j tantIOn to
Medical and Operative surgery and NJ i'd
( -77'7 |rf"" 'Nifcry, .I..0 ..-.'H'' '
oaiee-Ss South street, opposite Wells,
Farpo Co

HOMEOPATHY is the only true system OF
medicine based upon the laws OF nature. Sew.
enty five years OF experience have proven that
onc.half OF those dying Al an early age can DO
saved.
Homeopathy cures all curablc diseases per-
manently, which have resisted the skill Of tho
best practitioners OF any Of the old medical sys-
TEN for years. H.
Homeopathy aims TO eradicate disease entire.
ly; TO cure sure and easy, without bleeding,
bllstcrng. cautcriZing or drngging; to prolong
life and lessen tho number Of rick days. rg 4.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14
NEW ARTICLE OF
Watches and JeWelry !!
4n- Called Gold MetaI," .
Which has all the appearance OF FINE GOLD,

Prlcos OF Mems Watches, Hunting Cases.
Lowest price Watch, gold metal ;......"S %
Beautiful engraved case, anchor lever. 10 w
Beautiful octagon.shapc case, fine finish. 10 W
Heavy American style. ...... ........... 10 w
Beautiful stem winders, nice siZo Watch. 20 w
Lndies, Watches, Hunting Cases.
Lowest price Watch. .............. ........S %
Beautiful engraved case, anchor lever. ~ U"
Extra lne, engraved and enamelcd, very
handsome ............'..'.''''' - ="
......" Chains.
81 different styles Of Vest Chains, very.
handsome, each ;..;.;;:.;..''::.e o"
ldulcS.. ...'''...s w
Leontain Chains, to fasten with brcastpin. 500
sleeve Buttons.
"a different styles, plain, black, cnameled,
engraved and with coral, per pair. 50 TO o
Shirt Studs, per sett.. ;,....,;.. ...:.... Sw
Beautiful setts, Pin and Ear Rings, enam' =,
eled, with and without coral ......... %
children's setts, Pin and Ear Rings. en-.
5grayed, cnameled, with and without
H coral ................,...... w
We have Ladies' Watches, very beautiful.
IN is carat gold cases, warranted. .S TO 30
Genuine " Scotch Pebble" Spectacles, TO
suit all sights, In fine steel frames, 4 90
Also good assortment Of Gold and silver
Spectaclcs. We deal largely In the finest GOLD
AND SILVER AMERICAN WATCHES. NJ
about one.third less than the usual rates. To
select, send for price list.
We can send any OF the above goods by ES'
prcss, 10 be paid for on delivery. 7-n ru.r
p, -, -. - c. E. COLLINS & CO.,
COS Montgomery street, San Francisco.
"'h no3-5m
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14
Notice.

lTY WIFE, LOUISA TAMBLYN, HAVING
Nl left my bed and board. this is TO notify all
persons that will not be responsible for any
debts Of hsr contracting ,vvs
Q Gold Hill, December 50, 1853. lu deSIiw'
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14
GENERAL SUMMARY.

iWI!! mus DO seen that OF one hundred pa
ti.nts treated by Homeopathic physicians eight
viii die while ir the -ame ITmbcr are treated
by Allopa,hic physicians, thirJy.four will die:
~ or tGc my! .aGs who lie Gader old school
I'cltment the world over, Homeopathic treat
uel.t would Fave -crcnty-six OF every hundred.
Virginia. d, rcmber ], 1863. del II
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1869-01-14

n. B.-DR FLhTTERY will appear at Wiz.
rinia, International Hotel, the LAST WEDNES.
DAY OF every month, to rrre the e!ck. NOES ly
Nashville union and American. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1868-1875, 1869-10-17

THERE were only two members of the
Virginia House of Delegates who declined
to vote to ratify the fifteenth amnOdment,
and one of these is a negro and Radical.
He gave as a reason for his refusal to vote
that the Legislature had no legal power to
act in the premises. He appears to take
issue with Attorney General Hoar, who de-
clared in his recent opinion that the Legis-
lature was competent TO do that much
but nothing more. He subsequently gave
another opinion that the Legislature, which
possessed no power to legislate upon any
subject but the ratification or rejection of
the fifteenth amendment, could elect
United States Senators If the Virginia
Legislature be not the Legislature of the
State of Virginia-which Mr.. Hoar says
it is not, and will not be until Congress
shall have approved of the constitution
from which its existence and all its power
must be derived, in order to make it the
Legislature of the State-then the negro
statesman was right, and all the sOphistry
of all the congressional reconstructors on
the continent cannot make it appear that
the State of Virginia has ratified the ff-
teenth amendment