New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-02-16

By III. &. CAREY. oNc PP' W.
Tn fine first Of these eleven letters Mr.. Carey com
Sares the opposite systems OF Prussia ana INC Ui''ou
states since 1880 relative to commerce. Which nave
.e,,I.oI IN making Prussia the lender and America
,h borrower among nations. Prussia, in 1875, estao
Iisbed the Zollverein. Commercial Customs Ollion
and projected railway system, both OF when "oio
designed to bring all parts of Germany INTO noo %
,ctiye trade with each other, and TO protect AZ
AGAINST the oppressive effects OF Tree oOi,P ,1
with Older and stronger industries IN Ensl"nu ""u
r,.onoo Tho effect has been TO build up Germany
e. disioinfed conglomerate of feeble STATES nav
, a. mncb repulsion as attraction fer each other'
I'd the easy prey of surrounding governments INTO
The leading Empire of Europe her people growing III
freedom as the nation grew in independence anu
newer until now Germany is the first power IN Eu-
rome. ENJOYING financial prosperity. liberal popular
representation, and universal suffrage
The United States at about the same perlod apah-
doned the protective tariff they had adopted III 1879
and which had paid fthe debtand gwen them seven
gears ne nlentv and naugurated that system OF free
trade with Europe, and no trade with each other
which ultimately so severed the interests and feel
ncs of the two sections as to result in the Rebellion
Slavery grew in America while Freedom grew III
Prussia. because here we had not sought to develop
domestic manufactures, commerce between the
States and sections and the vast mining wealth. OF
the central tier of States-New-JeTsey pennsylvania
Virginia Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri hau
we done this by surrounding our country with snch
a Gordon of protection as grt Germany ON every
side and traversing it by railroad system designed
TO connect all parts of our country with each other
instead Of with Liverpool the slave would
have been becoming gradually nee III
dependence would have been fully established We
sbould have had no rebellion, and should have
I IL. ;Eooti ION pff
solution of the question to whether or not the
Union ougbt To be maintained rested almost wholly
In the minds of men like Russell and Napoleon"
Prussia. in aiming to build up great domestic COM
merce first has attained large foreign commerce as
IFS necessary consequence. We. in aiming to create
great direct foreign trade between each OF our eX-
IRENE Northern and Southern sections and England
have drawn population and power away from the
center to the extremities the center growing always
weaker and the sections more hostile, until the TWO
ends fell apart of their own weight and rushed into
war with each other each looking TO and expecting
aid from England as its chief friend and ally.
The second letter aims TO show that everywhere true
freedom must result not somuch from human laws or
proclamations as from the demand for labor, and
this will be in proportion as industry is diversified
and as the producer and consumer fare brought to-
gether. Nowhere in the writings Of any economist
is there so much wisdom expressed in so few words
as in the following brief illustration which Mr. Carey
brings in aid of this arguments
viii You buyl viii you sell The man who has I,
t6ce questions: obtaining for that reason twenty or
thirty cent less than what might DC teglue 40
fair market price His neighbour not forced 70 sen wan
for te second thereby obtaining more, perhaps th INC
ordinary price. such being the case WIN cOnhV
that can be kept hand waiting for purchaser 10 noW
much greater extent must it not be so in reference to
labor power which results from the consumption Of %oG
The takes the market price for ms oraGgeS fe
as may be the price; but he holds his wheat ana po9e
vet more than oranges pcachesthe necessity
Tor It's instant sale Is stil more urgent s .,t
sugar or ther wheat can obtain advances; 10 Ge re
turned when their commooues are sO h ie ria cnD
modify perishing on the instant OF prodncuoh' ]" mus
Further the merchant may continue to eat drink, and
wear clothing his stock meanwhile penshlng on IA,
Ie his peaches The laborer must sell his potential en-
erges, be they what they may OF perish 'EI tN NAN
resulting from the presence OF ausenee Dl
&c for MS purciase its owner becomes freeman Tw
others competing for its sale, become enSaE t ln
Irbole question: Of freedom or sarergy or ma" 49, "e'@"'
embraced ~ that Of competition
Mr.. Carey contends that statutory emancipation
while il confers on the negro the right to marry an
have children, still leaving the land and bushes
capital and power to give or withhold employment
wholly in the control of the eX-slavehoder, Their
can be practical freedom to the ex-saye until in
dustry at the South is diversified by the opening o
mines, manufactures &c, that the tdtHe Of IN
laborer in money shall be restored. Formerly b
was valuable as a chatte and for such value hi
owner would care for him. Now. having no money
value he gets no care, and if he asserts his lega
rights is often shot down for his impudence. Mr.
Carey seems to lean to the conclusion that larger
division of land among the freedmen during the war
II practicable. would have greatly improved thel
present condition; but this not having been done
our present policy is to continue such system OF
protection as will keep manufactures of all kinds
profitable throughout the South and North, and in
stead of increasing the number of our railroads
pointing from every part of the country tocdrd Lily
eIpool we should develop railroads as to binC
ali parts of the country each other by cheap rapid
and abundant domestic commerce.
So rapid under the tariff OF 1912 was the growth o
Southern manufactures, that IN ls4o the edOf or IN
Charleston Mercury Ar Balh~eH Ithelt, Nas lcu 70 Ply
diet that before the lapse OF another decd3e the sot
would have ceased 10 export raw cotton. Unfortunately
however for his prediction the South had just before
placed the knife TO its throat by giving the
tau Of 1876 IN place OF the protective one OF 1872
corresponding in the growth OF that barbarou
feeling which found its elimination In the atrocities o.
For the suppression of that Rebellion We needed 8
million Of in arms For prevention OF the one that
Is proposed need and that at once great armies
OF men and women, carrying with them spades and
plows spindles and looms sewngnachi1es ana steam
the machinery by aid Of which the people OF the kOrtl
have been becoming more prosperous and more free Fol
enabling such armies and for giving them seen
rity while employed In carrying into full effect the grea
work of emancipation, we need that the Government
should. the earliest moment take measures for ere
Rtng and for placing in loyal hands, great lines Of road
East and the southwest the Northwest aud the South
East should have between them communications as safe
bndrapd those already existing between the shores OF
the Atlantic aud the waters OF the Mississippi.
The third and fourth letters show that nation,
which exports her materials and imports her