The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1869-09-24
NEW NORTH-W WEST.

NEW NORTH WEST
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DEER LODGE CITY, FRIDAY, :ErT. a
California.
From the San Fnancisee Chronicle, sspeA
esceRAsErAL
California 10 7VO miles in llgth and ehou
200 IN width. It has an area of 1856, OS
square miles, equal IN extent to ten Of III,
smaller Eastern States Tho formation n
this country is strange and varied. Noun
tain" the most steep and barren wales tn
most fertile and beautiful; de-. crts the mos
sterile; spacious bays; magnificent rivers
broad prairies and picturesque lakes at,ounG
In su parts Of the State.
SOIL AND eL,vArk
The col! and climate arc eininently adapt.
ed 70 the growth, of ali the various Kinds OF
fruits and vegetables. The harder fruits
succeed we'll in all parts Of tic State, and
along the southern coast oranges. lemons.
tgs. pincapplcs, and Other species of tropical
fruits arc raised. The soil and climate seem
TO bc well adapted to the culture Of the grape
and the manufacture Of wine. Three hun.
dreti varieties Of grapes have slready been
cultivated among which are the choicest
winc.prVducing grapes Of Europe. The
vine In California is not subject to the odium
or grape disease, frequently 80 destructive
IN other countries, nor is 1t liable to mildcw.
The vineyards seldom or never yield less
than 600 pounds rer acre, and % 600 pounds
have been produced. The crops are regular
every year, and rs there are neither severe
frosts nor hail, from the budding Of the vines
until the grape is gathered, they arc not Lin.
bic to the accidents and drawbacks attend.
In n f1ss.s,N in e,xp
vines planted in vineyards in this State is
over 81, OK, 900.
California has the most beautiful and mic.
suresque scenery Of any State in the Union,
and can compare with the rugged mountains
of Switzcr. and thcbeautifu' landscape views
OF Southern Italy, and the barren wastes of
Northern Russia. The most lovely spot
which one can visit is the Yosemite Valley.
This valley Is dell Of matciless cliffs and
cascades, with moro scenes Of grandeur and
Of the world. Shut in closely by pcrpcn.
dicu!ar walls Of rock, from 1900 10 1000
feet In height, 1t has, within radius of five
miles, fivc cascades, one of which is 2OOO
feet high. Across from the Yosemite Falls,
on the southern side Of the valley. is the
Pyramid Rock. 70 named from its rcsem
olsnce 10 the famous Egyptian pyramids.
At the head Of the valley Is sbcautiful sheet
of water, called Mirror Lake," which COW
er: about ~ acres The northern side of
this lake washes the foot Of the North Dome.
huge rugged mountain Of rock crowned
with a dome. like knob, ., $50 feet high; and
near the southern edge of the lake is the
South Dome. still higher mountain, tow.
cring above all the peaks in the vicinity. The
next great wonder IL the big Trees. :" These
mammoth productions of nature are situated
In Mariposn county, and form grove of
427 trees. The largest Of these are 30 feet
In diameter, ind $50 feet in height Strun-
gers, In visiting the State. seldom lose an
opportunity 10 see the famous ''Gcyscrs."
They arc situated in the northern part of
around which the action of volcanic crup-
tons have left their indclible marks. Tie
drive from FOss' Station across the Hogs
Back" Is one Of the most exlilcrating and
grand rides that it is possible to enjoy. The
chief features of the Gcysers ore the :.Stcam
Pipes" THE Devils Punch Bowl" or
- The Witches Caullron, and the - Indian
Baths" The first Of these derive their
names from an Orificc about ten inches in
diameter, in the hillside. from which arises
q large volume Of steam from \ height vary
ing from 100 TO $50 feet. The Devils Punch
Bowl is q large hole, six and half feet
across. in the hill-siGe The liquid in the
csuldron is black aud thick, having strik.
ing resemblance to coal tar. 1t il always
boiling, and the valor from it deposits black
flowers of sulphur on the rocks around. The
Indian Baths arc certified to bc sure cure
for all the ills that flesh Is heir to- and inva-
lids from all parts Of the world visit the
Gcysers TO try their healing qualities.
AGRI, rL1URAL.
OF tho 40. OOO, 900 acres of land in the State
only 200. 900 arc cultivated, and of the re.
manning 81, OOO, 600 ono fourth has very
ence Of alkaline substances one-l,alf is too
remote from market, even where the soil il
good, and the remainder IL owned by persons
who hold Il only for speculation. The lary.
ct tracts of tillsble land in tho northern part
OF the State arc the Scott and Shasta valleys,
each about thirty five miles long and seven
wide. They are at an elevation of nearly
1000 feet above the level OF the sea- The
agricultural land of the Sacramento Valley
comprise 5000, 900 acres or 10000 square
miles. The general soil 10 u sandy loan,
and OATS without irrigation. The bottom
lands along the Feather river are far richer
than those on the banks Of the Sacramento.
Six -tcntl,s of the whole tillablc land in the
State are used for the growing Of wheat,
barley and oats. As fruit.gr0wing State,
California stands ut the head. In no part
Of the world do fruit trees grow 90 rapidly,
bear 90 regularly and 80 abundantly and
produce such large sized fruit.
MINERAL PRODUCTIONS.
The chief industry of the State has been,
and 10, mining From the mines almost
every known mineral substance is procured.
euch "a gold, silver, copper, quicksilver, coal.
tin and lead. The annual yield Of the gold
mines 10 over 81. GOO, 600. while the quick.
silver mines average about $2,6OO, 900. In
Calvegas county, thirty-five miles from
Stockton, are mines of carbonate and sui
phuret of copper. During the first three
months Of 1861 400 tons Of ore were taken
out, oue.i,alf Of the amount being shipped
% the Eastern States.
HRf0RJcAIs
On the 9th day of Juno, A. d. 1879, Sir
Francis Drake, On English nOblcman, landed
on the coast of California in latitude 80
north. Drake named this country New
Albion" the white cliffs reminding him of
his native coasts and suggesting the happy
compliment which his loyalty to Queen
Elizabeth seconded. Drake spent thirty six
Aavs on this COAT. In 4 quiet nook sheltered