The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1869-05-30
AGRICULTURAL.

Management oflilk, Cream, and Butter
Farmers cannot have better model than
the practices of those farmers in Delaware
and Chester counties, Pennsylvania, who
make the famous Philadelphia butter,
which sells the year around at IS cents a
pound. had the pleasure last summer of
acting on a committee with q number of
gentlemen who visited those farms. The
report we made has been copied very
widely and the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture has put it in his report. We there
saw the finest of butter made without
water. Most of the dairies, it is true,
were furnished with fine spring houses.
But cold water is not Indispensable. Mar
shall Strobe, for instance, has u deep
narrow cellar or vault ten feet below tho
surface, walled, plastered and frequently
white washed. The pans are placed on a
low stone platform, built on three sides of
the vault. This shelf is broad enough to
take two pans abreast. Such is the depth
of this vault that in midsummer the
mercury does not rise above 60 degrees,
and generally not over So degrees. We
were there ON the afternoon of a hot sultry
day, in July, and in this vault ice melted
very slowly. This cellaris sacred to cream.
Nothing that can in any way defile. or TART
the air is ever admitted. The floor is kept
reiigioasiy clean. Lime is used to kill any
acid that might come of a few drops of
milk spilled. The cream is kept in large
cans, and stirred when fresh skimming is
added. The skinner is perforated with a
great number of small holes, so that no
milk or curd is mixed with the cream, not
u gill perhaps in half barrel of cream.
The night before churning, Jumps of ice
are put in the cream cans, and the temper
allure thus kept low. ChurniDg is done in
an open shed, in large revolving cylinders
The cSeam is at 62 deg. when the churning
commences; just when the butter begins to
come, q large pail of ice-water is thrown
in nd oh Hpi n
atare not much above 40 deg. This chilling
of the butter when the granules are form
ing, before the gathering takes place, Mr..
tStrode considers of great importance in
July and August. AS soon as worked the
butter is returned to the vault, and never,
butter is sold, does either milk, cream, or
butter become warm; the temperature is
most of the tine about GO deg and often,
by the free use. of ice, reduced nearly, to
40 deg.
Those farmers few miles south west of
Philadelphia know how to make money
with cows. One we saw, an old gentleman,
easy in circumstances, living on twenty
acres of good land, keeps only four COWS
but they are good cows. The family con-
sists of ak persons; yet, after they eat all
they want, he sells $500 worth of butter
year-all from these four animals. He
says the secret of profit from cows is to get
them to eat just as much as possible. He
has three ranges of pasturage. In the
morning they browse ca clover; in the
afternoon they range over an old pasture OF
firm sod and fine green grass towards
evening they lon through field where the
trees were recently cut, and find a choice
juicy bite of tender grass near stump, or
in the edge of clump of bushes. In this,
way they come home full as they can walk
every night. In the fall he begins to give
grain, adding little each week as~the
autumn lowers.
An English writer says potato sot has
been produced by close planting and rank
manures. The tops do not staad up as they
used to, but lop about and form tangle
over the hill. This excludes the air and
generates disease We must, get sitter
tops. This can be done by planting seed
potatoes vide apart, ON o breezy hill, and
using ashes, lime, and salt as fertilizers.
These, in a sandy loan, will put more slick
into tine stem.
THE USE OF NUNs.-In simple but touch