The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1869-08-21

have always been the rule in Russia. The
land surrounding each village is divided
among the families ia proportion to the,
number Of members q new distribution being
made every ten years) and the village, as
body, Is responsible for the payment Of
yearly sum to the freeholder." The idle and
the drunken take advantage Of this and ig-
norance and backward state Of civiIisation
prevent In Russia, as they might do here,
he full advantage OF such an arrangement.
The PdH Mall Gazette further adds :-"Since
the emancipation, the exponents Of the doc
trines OF Communism have been watching
with much interest the trial Of their prInci-
pies among free peasantry"
Security from poverty and want can only
De obtained BY people occupying as much
land M will furnish them with the first ne
cessaries OF life. A factory or staple indus
try should supply other necessaries and
Injuries 50 that il the latter should 20 out
Of fashion, the people would not be reduced
to absolute want in the necessary change.
Go operation, then, should include farm, q
factory, and q store. The profits of the pro-
ducer and distributor would thus be include1
and there should be no more non reproductive
laborers than were actually required. This
would correct the great waste In our present
system, and give to all the small fortune we
have seen IS required to procure for each
nearly the same enjOyments az if he were
the single lord Of ALL" The farm shoul be
cultivated by skilled labor, by the aid Of ma
chinery and by q union of small farms, the
very best and most expensive machinery
might be made so pay. The factory and
store might employ the women and children
Of those families that were employed upon
the land and, by proper organisation OF
such factories, they might be made greatly
to assist each other. We have illustrations
Of farms, factories, and stores, working sue
cessiully on the Cooperative principle; but
they are working separately. Our next step
must be TO bring them together. The only
praclised suggestion can offer towards this
md is, that a central association OF capita.
lists favourable to this object, affOrding some
kind Of guarantee, would greatly facilitate
the taking of land ard paid secretary to
such association might greatly aid ia pro-
noting unity and Cooperation among the
scattered factories and stores.
Hitherto Co operative Stores have proved
the most successful. By these are saved
only the profits Of the retailer. But although b
this is small nibbIe, in m economical point
Of view, il is very valuable indeed as ednca-
tlOnal training As Cooperation Is based
on ready money system, it teaches provi-
dence, fOrethoU ght, and self-reliance-a Ds-
r---- 1.--.l sl h IL q hi hi TIA a ne Door
II teaches the advantages Of combination an,
organisation and practically illustrates tha
unselnshness is our highest Interest-that il
Is the selhshness that pays best. But Go
operative store on the ready-money principl
effects greater saving than at first sigh
appears. On the credi: system there ar,
many that cannot, and many that will not
pay and the retail shopxeeper is obliged {,
put the loss upon those that do pay. /
this were done directly, there would be les,
to complain Of; but il cannot well be dont
directly, so the shOpkeeper makes up hi:
losses indirectly, in the deterioration and
aldulteration OF almost everything he sells.
Thus we have sulphate OF copper in pickles
red lead in Cayenne pepper, h1ur In mus
tard, salt in tobacco, whiting IN German
yeast, turnips in marmalade, turpentine in
gin, &c. and q mans moral nature becomes
the most adulterated Of all. "John," says
the grocer, have you ssnded the sugar -
"Yes, sir. Have you waIered the treacle p
" Yes sir" Have you damped the tobac-
cor" Yes, sr." "Then, John, come into
family prayers" This used 70 be considered
good story, but it is evident that Mr.
FrOude considers it no story at oil, but q
great reality. 10 his recent inaugural Ad-
dress at ST. Andrews, he says
We have had 80 years Of unexampled clerical
activity among US; churches have been doublsd I;
theological books, magazines, reviews, news
papers have been poured out by hundreds Of
thousands while by the side Of it has sprung VI
an equally astonishing development Of moral
dishonesty. From the great houses in the city
Of London to the village grocer, the commercial
life Of England has been saturated fraud. Sc
deep has il gone that a strictly honest trades
man can scarcely hold his ground against com
petition. You can no longer trust that any
article you buy is the thing which it pretends
70 be. We have false weights, false measures,
cheating, and shoddy, everywhere. Yet the
clergy have seen all this grow up ia absolute IN
difference and the great question at the mo
ment agitating the Church of England, is the
colour Of the ecclesiastical petticoats. Many a
hundred sermons have | heard in England ma,
ny q dissertation on the mysteries Of the faith
on the Divine mission Of the clergy. on the ap-
Ostolic succession, on bishops and justification,
and the theory Of good works and verbal InsPir-
alton, and the efficacy of the sacraments but
never during these 80 wonderful years, never
one that | can recollect on common honesty, OF
those primitive commandments-"T Thou shalt
not lie" and Thou shalt not steal"
But now, since every one can read, preach
ing has lost most Of its power; and when
We further bear in mind that many have lost
the faith that At any time made It etficaciOus
A l,r.L ~,
preaching TO remedy our present evils. 10
Cooperation we shall probably find the most
eEectuAl way of recOncllIng the now con
Hlcting claims Of Capitol and Labor, and al
20 the antidote to our great moral backslid
ings, which, to our shame and loss, are fast.
becoming national. Cooperation, however
in its widest sense, can only be based upon
an education very superior to that now pos
sessed By the great mass Of manklnd. 90
not mean an education Of the intellect alone,
such as would fit q man TO pass an examIna-
ton for the Civil Service; out that kind oi
ed ucation which shall tram a man to self
denial, forutude, self-reliance, unsel6shnesS,
and that moral honesty which seeks tue
right and the true, regardless Of consequent
ces, and is always ready 10 sacrifice small
present good 10 greater IN the future, and
our own individual interest to that Of the
community. But if this highest kind of ed
ucation IL necessary to the success OF U
operation, so, in the efforts towards more
perfect Cooperation, will this education be
found.
INTRINSIC PURIFY OR ICs.--Besldes tbe
fact that zee is lighter than water there is
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