, 1869-02-06
THE ACE Of STEEL.
The Nez Process Of Producing
PtRAec1 Steel EaslinEs-A
K<voiuIIon in Car
Wheels.

The couIng age Il the tge Of steel. TIC rsoia
ehArses wrought By tcit1Etc tIxcnuttJ and ms
charieAl e1il, hare Ling s,Eee led to extensive
rub ttntona Of !rpu LOT wocd md stone, tn ships
nnlo.EE End EachtrerI. Recently II tn. been
fc1nt ttat i1tu n1:t eottcd. the palm to tls
fnosr ker1eet een-thst steel Il more das1oIe uu-
dtr tnr wear and tear oE friction. rurgcs to re-
tst Sifktp. more ft.iAoic 10 t-1!ute sa'e2uArd
tck1rsl ae1tcnt, &c therefore thE Cheapest, BE-
chnte Tie htf: OF tie 1wl, for ertat v1raety OF
u1et. though The G.st catt il Feff nsAyy In COM
The ofl:e.ton OF price h.s bern cont,dcsa5,y
modtn within sse past few yrar4 steel fs now
made IRON ssoa BY p7occ.s tauch mora sim SIS
tnAn u oee I'm p!eFed ~ tho last generation. and
the reQuist:c caroori11uon o. The or1gi2aI racta!
II etttted % ve1T mitch }A:g-r tclc, CON nen.
errstc with The increasing &c and flr .hr cheaper
A1ttcln- But thtrc IL another n~j rtoa to It's cx.
tsEs'yt use. not h'tsetto ooy,aed; II II an IN
E1Etahle meal IN the sorRe, ano nter hAElne been
subdued IN thc nelttr II: tta.sertA It's way
*9Idnes1 - fooa ~ the lowsrce TEN 1eeAtuse ad-
ELL Or c. heslon; Ca: sroa T. rarely fire. from
The net Of fnslon but no. lib. rsied from mechtutc-
= sdn!x1ute With tht n1i1 1s.t. 10 rhu ea,e or
tteel the utt0eulty is Eu.h srs,s-r. there be,n9
larger ursnuty u csz7on c1oo.ct 20 seo.
ar1uon from the rtta'. and coualnauon
With no oxygen Supplied IN The process OF heat.
Impossible 10 cast any Coz xin ribc mas. OF sotid
stcel the metal htsrC I uud, on br-Aklue it, 10
be Zone, e-1noed with sa. tn - which ase lae
fueSs E1ucIeua - they are Ess;hor sroa the sur
3etA. The iks& natuca f1et IL srA .. Qhlecuon to
]aa ordinary e4et:pE. ~ Nl..u:es 4 contiIunv or
tclfae<. tbs ras etcau,nr It erenon read,y, whgis
10 lc1sfatton IN Ttdo:tcl xherrnr tho actual
sttfnsth ol tte ma.cr.1! nz} sc asc.rilIled A
thtcf plate Of ettc tos1 he fu1 OF lptreEa! asws
that u xost hiess, .hs!e / It: re but ono, ia
t15ERth y htsoh5 sup.,sei sna ulog lives may
bs !ott h1 tts breaking + critical n7tn.nt
lnrGe ear ago the fdca u setttsx ri OF this
ID s1son x shS RI .! 'ss1 e 81, a.
city, and s.Isc Then nc has be ..n, ,naously en-.
s xassd @ n to- solution q tni+ .su"lrua. eoys.ios
Il. - r.
Ea:enI lrtari! a.soesa "a aln.tlt rtyn Mr. +.
4 AEnh y. att thcee two has rrc .ni.Y become
e.. .9 n9PssR aosacR siS,"ts S,s The o:se. h:p with
l. eeoSt, ttoazEc +. Ire, a~d ~ II ussa rhsv
hArs a. ssnxth completed 'hr ton.uuctlop oT Int
s'Fited thai ttcc1 car he t.., ID sn7 ccstrss
shap% o. 81 At'J rr1u.ted viz, irrf=c:fy h,more-
pSsd for ~ ~ n ;1,ea'a,y de-
While scneaistne Tho fat thu. tho discovery
equay aep.ici ole ~ ali nj. Of rice. e,s1tres,
70 ttc Mlnufac 'rsr of a!c.! u. ee.t f7 r.,Irosd
ar. tht1 hare Aifrany matrraetu.ed several.
Ws rtW orc of lheta yetterdsy. It IL . he art:fui
tpfetne1 q clo.e.r:airco rofkntr,h hin Ann
~; Tss:;Tfs mac Aaof9acn'1y TO tes cseuur show
5ss; na sss's !: no In. t,r n.~. rS- wh+ei esishs
u - pounds. E1gh. whcst. msEe s,s,n. ~
t.ou poonas ~ tao @tsn. pl ca-h c,r-an In ,o,.
1cstaa sone. .an,, aE :" ~. PEI cent ta sae nj Of
fseikht beng crAvn ~ tne ,A-,e r,.,s. ' uvse
Mg oae .no5e CIT IN eruy IN ctty - ia A. It.nic
fher 4 however. one ott ., pain, O, unaon,,.t
atpef1osaty, bosldts several MI of cntr ~.
dln2s1 ea1t-lfn wheel IL thsItlitsd .s .ne nf-
utnal a1uaFs u not ta,.e ma two ,.st, 5 ~
uee, nd It Eot u1fTequ !puJ nrtASs Nt.r fnra, "
hut TN moths. The sennercY 70 h,.sx ~
ret4eelty, fram Tho uodr at e. 4natra-t,on T. -.
cxpeods fn fhs ncS Of lc t. sfe 81 ,ra,,n
pekteet AlAnR ct tia mould OIL IN ths a. Ne.
qnen1 eooltER, contracts verf noc:. And In N II
contra tt1m1 AtE1 are <1t+n rmrd, 'ht s'I.-t,ou
ofeohesion being oTerpoFtred where Tbs iuterpo-
R!tioa us tunh.c !ess4ls tni AnA o coaIss1,
The exclusion Of Fas prry-1't tne foFmstlu1 oi
thcts eh1ubers tnd the contraction II onl'red to
proecrd eQuahl5 the rztc!.t b. in< euut''y ne:
atee IN esefy Fart. The 'r2tosr1 tre wheel
thts soeA into scrt!1e 1itho1:A Z t,v. md uay b
ttpertet ou fer 1etai11pg Ia lnt-ErlJ for Al an
mined Utuc.
i net d. not dweH On the ais o. .tups1io 1t1
of tbe kter4 whsel and ratl; teey ars HeIt eroucs
ucde1sroQ1 By psAct ctl rnrI Qasy, 40 EtTer,
st2e tb1t lie cae reccrt o2j >c'i III ~ It 7kla
tttft thef will cot b -7oili-e y. rot appJ
10 the wheel; while Ihe 4aa' irou xbc i i. D. d;
lil,iy ob}eeu ouahle for auc'h-t r.s.on, fbst tht
cfl!ltrr Il ctvsr uniform II ta.t the xh-tI 3on
Hears urecual]J. btcout-1 fA IN p.sees. and
car11cg hunp12E Tss1 t.lut' ea' % eo'h raIltns
sleek and{ road KAy. Tic .-:ton Kte.l is,
hence. Hpt to S'szs IN p'sc'e. ru-s uusqas'ly
elide& e&uy, and tAE-s 10 ger To -tp tne train
Consequence. Thee deft-ra r1uer TIE Wh eel q
weaz out In two .euE, cveu If II do not b-eak
LIE stet! y heel seinx Ettc rron these fAaa a, II
toTs -vesr1rg ous /"
1he psocess ty vhlrh ,h- inpor+n. rrsulu