The New York herald., 1869-11-22
From the London Times. Nov. o.

panl0n 6nlpS, the HlDernla, Chltern ana HAWK, |
carry among them l 225 miles more. making o total
OF ZOO nautical, or about 1850 statute miles. Thls
length viii suiiice for the communication between
Bombay and Suez by way or Alden, and VIII join the
present Malta and Alexandria line. Another cable
is projected, to be laid from Falmouth to Gibraltar
and Malta, ana its completion Will unite Bombay
and the British fortresses IN the Mediterranean along
line of submarine Jelegraphy which Will bs un-
broken except AT Suez.
The success or the Malta and Alexandria cable as
q dividend paying property and the successful lay
ing OF the French Atlantic cable are circumstances
which have rendered capitalists favoraDly disposed |
towards other projected lines, and wnicn nave |
greatly facilitated the present UNDERTAKING It's
way ior other great enterprises OF a similar kind.
and an extension to singapore, and from there 70 !
spoken about as one that must be speedily |
undertaken.
on Its way. chances TO be precisely tne same as
that OF the French Atlantic between Brest
and Duxbury, and, excepting for the liberal use ol
ground flint or silica, aS protection against tue
ravages OF the teredo its coverings are also Similar
The teredo attacks hemp with great readiness ana
in cable recently raised that had been lying lor
some years between Toulon and Agiers was found
nave reached and slightly to have channelied the
gutta percha OF the core. Like the French Atlantic
the cable now on Its way will receive extra cover
ings 1or great distance from the shore. Expe-
rlence mas shown that motion Oh the bottom OF the
sea extends to much greater depth than was at |
one time believed, and, therefore, IN addition to The
ordinary massive shore end, II is now the practice
10 have many miles OF an intermediate character |
before the comparatively weak deep sea section COM
mences 1t may not be without interest to give
mode in which they are manufactured.
The central and essential portion OF the cable,
the conductor, consists OF strand OF seven copper
wires six Of which are wound in long spiral COILS
around central one. In the section between Bonn
bay and Alden these wires are one-fourth heavier
than between Alden and Suez, but IN boGh sections
they are quite nne and slender, weighing AT most
only $50 pounds per nautical mile: Ine strand OF
terton's compound, mixture OF gutta pefcna, lnuia
rubber and other gums, and OF gutta percha ITSELF
The Chatterton's compound Is nrst applied anu u
nows into and fills the interstices between the wires
n the Bombay and Alden section four layers OF each
kind are employed, In tue Alden and Suez sec
ton three layers, and both cases tas con-
ductor and these layers constitute together what l5
called the core OF the cable. This core Is little
more than a quarter OF an inch IN diameter and Is
sent in three mile lengths from the gutta percha
works to The factory at Greenwich Tor completion.
Each three nile length Is wound upon huge bob
bin, and on arrival a. Greenwich Is put into tank
under water and tested electrically after some hours
OF submersion. Ii its condition be satisfactory IL is
next covered with serving OF Jute yarn stepped IN
| solution Of cutch or other preservative mixture
| and being, in fact protective padding between
the core and its outer coverings. This jute yarn
ls applied by machine consisting or several bob
bins, revolving around tubular axis through which
the core passes that 1t Is clothed as IL goes on
its way. 1t is important as regards electric condi-
| tion that the caoe should be always wet. The
core on bobbn retains enough moisture by cohe.
sion to fulfil this requirement, the Jute yarn itself Is
wet ana the clothed core passes Immediately into
the slight diierence Of thickness already mentioned,
the whole OF the cable is allke; but afterwards It's
treatment varies with its destination. The greatest
length or the l. S74 miles OF deep cable between
Bombay ana Alden, requires the least protection IL
Is covered by nine strands Of wire anu hemp eacn
wire rather less than one-enta OF an inch IN diane
ter, and surrounded by five yarns OF Russian OF
| Manila hemp. Each strand Is hrst passed through
ana the whole cable again through SIM,
warn are wound spiray round 1t: 1t is again passed
through the mixture, and so into tank TO be ready
for shipment The effect OF winding the yarn around
the covering wires that these are not In contact
but separated from each other by about their own
diameter. The section next In length conssss OF
1905 miles for the deeper portion OF the Red sea-
and this is more strongly protected It's covering
consists OF twelve galvanized iron wires, without
hemp each ABOUT the sixth OF an inch in diameter,
and wound splrally so as to be Ia absolute con-
tact Above this there are strands OF Jutc yarn, lad
ON In two servings Ia opposite dlrections, aud
covered with one covering OF Latmer Ciark's COM
pound-that Is, OF ground n'nt and mineral pltcn,
The shore at Bombay receives Tor ten miles the
additional protection OF IL strands Of galvanized
IRON wire each strand consisting OF three wires OF
further it Is covered by ten single wires, each a
quarter OF an inch IN diameter; ana Tor 90 miies
diameter Approaching Alden, the shore end mas 30
miles like the hast described portion, ana then ten
| miles covered wltn the strands OF triple wire. In
the Red Sea both at Alden and Suez. there Will be ten
miles with triple strands, and al the Aden extremiy
$40 mles covered with ten wires ol one-hith OF an
incn before the deep sea portion Is reached. ln
| ali tie portions the strands or single wires, are
wound on splraly, and In all excepting each ten
miles OF shore end, the wires are covered eXternaily
by yarn, and this by q coating OF Latimer Clark's
compound.
OF cable 3,s24 tons oil fuel 500 tons OF coal anc
apparatus and appliances making up freight ol
200o tons In weight and OF about IS soo 600 sterins
in value Her design Is To call at st. Vincent TO Ill
up with coal-not only replacing what has been con
. sumed, but loading deep. Her next stoppage vii
} through the Mozambique Channel TO Bombay, where
she VIII be due after sixty steaming days or early
In January and where she WIN be Joined by tn,
Chiiiern. The Hibernia will proceed direct to AdeI
When the Great Eastern and Chiltern have com
| ple moi N
! IN company to Alden, the lormer laying the cable
! When the Hioernia, Great Eastern and Chlltect
. ready to leave Aden they VIII proceed IN CON
pany for 1856 miles by which time the Great Eastern
win have exhausted her Red sea portion. Tht
the Great Eastern leaving consorts and return
2 ing by way OF Alden to England. When the nibern,
has paid out all her cable the Chitern VIII splice
ner turn, ana continue laying as far the Gulf O
suez. BY the time this is done the Hawk will hay
laid ner shore end at Suez, and nave come ii n
niles 60 meet the Chiltegn A splice between thes
portions will complete toe undertaking. TIE spee,
at which the cable Is laid must not exceed lv,
knots an hour,
! Ia the many accounts that have now been given o
submarine cables the manner OF splicing has beer
scarcely at all described great variety OF crcum
stances reader 1t necessary that the cable should b
cut and joined again, and the joining Is effected a
l folows:-
The coverings OF the core, whatever they NAV be
i are urst raVeile1 back for considerable distance
generally about sixty feet and the core itself ~ cu
straight through. The operator tnen warns ths
gutta percha OF the core over q spirit lamp and
the conductor Is laid bare for about TWO inches T6s
! conductor ts then washed with naphtha so as tc
cleanse II from all grease extraneous matter and
| solder Is run among the wires OF which it n com
posed so as to unite them into SOLID rod Tba
end or this rod Is flied obiquely into q smooth SCARF
| and TO this the other end similarly prepared il an
piled. Fine copper wire is then wound firmly ronnd
ihe Joint and the ends OF this wire sodered to
tne CONDUCTOR one on each side OF the joint. Solder
Is also run over the whole and the gutta percha re-
placed oy the fingers In the same way that II wa,
moulded BACK. Alternate layers OF gntta percha and
Chatterton's compound are then applied so nat .a
1 clre over the JOINT is somewhat thicker than else
! where and thc coverings OF yarn or wire or boih
| are replaced IN the ordinary manner OF nautical
splicing Ihe effect Of the whole process is 10 mako
the JOINT the strongest part OF the cable If the ends
or tue original conductor could be pulled ansrf the
| wire wound round the scarf could, he elon1afea ~
| to the electric current. So Feo9Ae@
The lirenI EaSLnrn NJ