, 1869-05-16
sQPHIsMs oF THE PROTECTIVE
POLICY.
nnlSp NEK1E

ftp'!A - lne p1e8e1F&@10a4 tnE H00fnmeut 4Ed tQe
perfection Of lie nsJ Be pbialnea-prodacuon
cai s2oliatton- Some persnus m2y say: spo.IA-
ton Is an accident local and transient abuse,
s:enounced By morality, punished by the Law, and
unworthy the attention Of political ecopoms."
Stii, however oencvoledl or optimistic one may
s~, tie - coEnpehe1 70 ahEait that spoIaston u
lrac1!sed on soivast scale IN this world, and Is
10 eenesullJ connected with all great human
erents, that no Eoc!s3 science, md, leas1 Of all
political economy, can refuse 70 consider It,
! go farther. 1n1t which prevents the perfec-
tlon Of The eoclal sJstem lat least In far as It Is
capable of perlccsion Is the constant e1ott Of its
members TO I'VE and prosper nj the expense Of
each otnet- So thaI, Il spoltat,on did not exist,
society being perfect, the social sciences would be
without IN object
teo still farther Nheo spolts.ino becomes
means OF Subsistence for = body OF men united BY
socthl ties ID cuurrc ot time shey make Law which
sanctions It, n,osal,ty which giorites II.
II Is enough TO naH,f so1oe Of the bszt defined
forms Of spoin4on to Indicate the position u occa-
p.es u human 2E4trA
Fin. conta wnr. Amon4 kAvAzta The oonqaefor
kEls tie conquered to obtala N nnoonies1cd, II
not incontestabae right 70 game.
Next slavery. When nan Iea1nA that he eau
make The Garth Iruittu, by labur he mikes thia d.
s1s,on With hts brother: ''Yoo work aua eat"
Then comes supe.Alitiou. According As yoa
give or EG.usE Inc kHnL WHICH u youlp i WAL opcA
10 sou the Ea1es Of heaven ur Of hell"
Hna!'y monopoly appearA IT. distinguishing
Characteristic ts to allow the existence oi the grand
socal s&w-ss5 riee fer serrcs--whlte It brings the
clement Of force lao the discussion, and thus
alters the Just proportion between &trries 5fe1red
and ktTrtce fs7lltrta.
Epol:As.on alwAyn bcats within itself lhe germ Of
t!s own dest1uCNou. Se15 rarely the many despotl
tie tcw. In such case the latter soon become SO
At,SSff ffthH
II OF the former, and EI1uaton ceases for wait Of
4ustenauce-
Almost always tho few orpress the many, and In
that case Epollatou ia uonc tho IcsS undermined,
tot, It has foTrc ~ N agent, ~ In war and sla
very, il Is u1turA that force IN the end should lie
or the SIDE Of the greater number. And Il deeep-
ton Is the agent, as with superstition and monop-
oly. it Il natural 1hs. the many should ultimately
become enlightened. Another law Of Providence
~sa aEatnst spolia.ton- It is this:
Spolation not only displaccs wealth hut always
destroys portion
War anulhtlates valaes.
Slavery patAlsees the faculties,
MONOPOLY transfers wealth from one pocket Ia
xc1tter, hut II always occakIons the loss Of p0r.
ton in tho runefe1. Thts Is ~ admirable laT.
Without 1t, provided the strength Of opprtsso1s
and oppressed were eq1al, Epolht,on Tould have
no end.
A moment comes when the destruction o.
wealth Is such that the despouer IL poorer than be
would bAye been II he hal remained honest.
So 1t Is with . people when . war costs more
than The booty IL wofth; With mRster wno pays
uore for slave Labor than for free labor; With 4
pr1rstno1d which has SO Btupedcd the people and
destroyed lis energy that nothing more can be
gotten out OF 1t; With monopoly which Increases
Its attempts at absorption a. there Is less to alb
Eo1s tost sthe difficulty milking increases With
the emptiness CT the udLer-
MouoIo!s Is j Species Of the genus spo1ialon
It has many varieties, among them ktnecure,
privilege and restriction upon trade
Some OF the forms II assumes are simple All
nairs. ukc feudal rights Under this ,s1in.e th
nassea IRE lespoled and know H.
other forue are more complicated Ufteu III
masses a,e plundered and do not know IL !
may even happen that they believe that they ow
everything to hpoflatipn, not only Nhat Is lei
them Tut what Is taken from them, and what l
lost tn the operation. ! also insert that in III
course of time, thanks to the ingenious machlne1,
OF habit, many people become spoilers wtthou
knowing 1t or ~lshiugl It. Aonopones Of this KIN
are hegot,cn by frand and nnrtuted BY enrol
They vanish Gully lcfore tho light
1hove said enough 10 Indicate that po1itlca
economy hns a manfes, practical use. II Is th
tysch which, unvell!ng deceit and diasipating CT
ror DESTROYS that socal disorder called srol!atlou
Some pne, a wornan believe, Ias correctly DE-
fined l. as "the RaferS-lock upon the properly Q
the people,
Cy.1M<nfurt.
lithtA little bonk werc destined to Iiye three G
lout thousand years. tn hc read and se-1tai. Isol
tf41ed And studied, phrase by phrase word b. wort
and letter by letter, from generation to generation
IKE new Koran; II It were to DIT the lihr1I1es
the wo1:d with ayatanches Of annotatlons, EXPLAIN
1ops and par3phsatcs, might leave To theI1 szts
II the:r rather chScute canctscness, The thought
which rtecele. But since they need a coulmes
.ars, 1t seems Wise to nc 10 furnish It 1lyhcn,
The ttue and equitable Law OF humanity Il tt
5res czeArn5e Of .trriet far serrict. Spolnton CO
s,sts IN destroying by force or ny trckery the ire
dom OF exchange, IN order 10 receive seESts
without rendering one
Fo1c.bie kroftatipu Il exercised titus: Wait TIL
man has produced something; then take It fro
1!n1 hr force.
II is solemn1y condemned b5 The peea1ogu
Their ahak MT strr-
When practtse.l by enc individual On another,
Is called rohpefr, and leads TO tho prison: viii
rTaetiScd among nat1ans1 It taHcs the namc ol CO
quest, and leads to glor1.
Why this dinerenccE It is worth while 10 scar
for the cause. 1t will reveal 10 us On 'rTeststtl
power, public opinion. which. Ike the 2truosphel
envelopes us 60 completely that we do not not1
it. Rousseau never sail truer thing than hi
"a great deal OF philosophy Is needed 10 undo
stand tho facts which arc very near to Us ''
The foiistef, for the reason that he acts aioo
has pne',e opinion aSanst him. lie tetItnes
Who are about him. Yet, Il he has companions,
PLUNGE himself tr,ore them on hts exploits, Al
NC nay legt1 10 notice the po#er Of paa
CT ia.on, fot the appreciation Of hts band ses<cs
ol,.ltctnte iii cnusclouEness OF his turrttndc, a
even TO make hin, rroal of II Tho warrior M
n t,t1erent atmosphere. The public opso
wn:eh would rera.tt him Is among the Tanquish
lie does not feel its influence. But She opinion
,spsc hy whom he is snl1pupdet approves
acts and FriEratns him. lie aud his confn
arc yty1diy CONSCIOUS Of the conamon inter
which unitcs them. The country, which
created enemies and dangers, needs to stlnu1
tho COURAGE Of It's children. To the EaAt DAN
to those who hare enlarged the frpdtters, I
have gathered the spolls Of war, have been gt'
henors, reputation, glory. Fpets sing their
rlo1s Fntr women weave Eallands Tor tn
Apd such Is the power Of public opinion tna
separates the idea of injustice from slolias
.nd even rtds the tespoicz Of the oonscousl
Of hts Hrnns- s-dolnc.
The public opinion which stacts against 4
t4ty BpolIAtfon, as It exists xnsoag the conque
and not among the congucring people, has '
Itts1c influence. Rnt It ts not entirely FoTefa
1t ga.1a tn strength as nations come together
understand one another better. Thus II Cal
seen that the study OF languages and the
supremacy Of an opinion opposed to this sor
~rol:.stou.
Unfortunately, It often happcns that the nat
adjacent to pluntlestns people arc thruase
spoilers WHEN opportunity Offers, sad hence
lunhEed with the same 1retudices-
II God had made man solitary animal e.
ocs would laboy Ior himself 1ldtStdral We
woeia hetn proportion to the services each
tcpdcsrd TO hiruscIt. C1t since nsdn il =
L. - fAx soil heF.
proposition which yn1 c1u unns!'ose ~ II
sou-
In aoctety there a.e certain requirements
general, 40 universal III theiF nature. that ptuvt
has lAen male Tor lheln IN Tue oHE1nlzt1E OF
prb1tc scsvtce. Among these - the necesss'
security. Society agrees TO compensate In
vices Of 4 dtntrrc. nsiafc those who rrnder II
betylce Of gnatiln2 The pullIc safety. In
there Il nethinc c9hfEasJ to lhe principles ol
ltGca. economy, IL tt.- for ne, .rslt 10 tho
.;ytt- Tie principle Of the transaction u the h:
although The process Is different, but the cirs
stance has great s>fnlneanc-.
In Private tInEEa~t:s4us each intite1iu1l rem
tie 1vIge 10th If tle service which he render:
OF that witch he receives. lie caa atwats de
an exchange OF negotiate e:seThesc- There
necessity Of an interchange Of services exec
pseTsouS vuanr:arJ cEFccncDt- soca - moi
case With the sta:c, especially before the c
l,shmeal Of Representative government. WIT
os no! we re9nir,. uS services, whether they
=cod pr had We a.c ooageA to accep: srch Al
offered and to pay Tie price.
1t Ia the tendcnty Of al' men 10 mAHnlly
OWE services an't II d.spasaEc services rent
them ara private matte.s would be poorly
lated u there w2s net some standard Of '
THIS guatzntee we naSe not, OF We b
hsve III in pubhc anaiEs But
society, composed Of nen1 however str
the contrary 1nsy bs tnstnuatcd, obeys the
yr,ea, tendency. The government wishs
serve Us great deal, much moEe than we Il
a1A lprces Us 10 acknowledge as resi- &C
aIa, which sometimes Is far from 1t, and Il