davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

Railroad will DO completed through to Council Blum
In q few weeks This win give Chicago two railroad
connections with Omaha
The following is copy Of letter sent 10 the Nc"
York Times yesterday
To THE PRoPRIEToRs OF THE TINES
Messrs. Smith, Gould, Martin & Co. have assigned
TO me for collection balance due from your IMAM
cial editor, Mr.. G. q. N0rve money due TO them on
certain speculations carried on by him through spe"
Office.
Mr.. Norvell's financial opinions being, as you and
are well aware based entirely upon his private IN
vestments In the stock market, and these opinions
having always received the endorsement or the
Times, assume that the debts which he incurs In
the formation Of his editorial opinions will receive
the same endorsement, especially as he has always
used the columns of the Times for his margin, In
stead Of the cash security which less fortunate
spectators are obliged to put up.
In the hope, therefore, OF receiving that payment
from the Times for which 1t seems vain look to Its
editor personally. JAMES FISK, JR
The following reply to the above has been received
at the Erie Railway of1ce:-
THE TIMES OFFICE, NEW YORK, April a. 1869.
Your note Of the 20tn has Just been received.
You are probably aware that we are no more re-
sponsible for Mr.. Noryell's private transactions in
stock or anything else than the Erie Railroad Com
pany Ia for yours We presume therefore, that your
note was written for some other purpose than that OF
obtaining the 'paymenr' which 1t pretends to ask.
JAMES FISK, JR. II. J. RAYMOND & co.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

spIng waeal Sas ss, ~. ana nv,nt ~ sppu ~ %
choice Milwaukee made at the outside price IA store.
California wheat quiet but steady NJ 81 So 81 ~ The
choice spring, @ store 81 ss for do delivered No.
for amber Michigan II 81 70 for California the latter
price for Choicest 30 for Nos aud mixed spring, In
about $1,000 bushels at Sic sSc for new mixedthe
coceclOsng We bid Tor ordinary mixed,
&c Sec. for do store Sc for yellow and white West
Soc Soc. for yellow Jersey Oats rr closing
77c bid Ia store The sales were sv bushels AZ c in
sore and 7sc 7e4c, a1oat Rye dull and heavy, the
bushels At 81 2S 81 "a for Western, and
81 IS for slate both barley and barley were
nominal
dry cod rather hrmsr the sales being loo quinals
quoted al Ss rs Mackerc were again higher under good
demand and light supply. There saes effected OF 600
sp Szo ~ 5of no osy - "a os io "a or medium ao
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

CoOPERAGE STOCk.-Bustness was dull but prices
unchanged. We quote sugar Shocks IS inch heads, 50
d. so So 20 Do, DO as 81 Pipe do, IS 80
VI hoops u feet S45 $780, and green hoops, II feet
CANDLEs.-A kinds were dull, but steady In value. We
quote and city edamantine &c. go, sperm &c.
CoOoA.--Uuayaqui was steady at 10Nc 1lc., gold, In
bond Maracaibo 25c. a2c do without Sales
CoRpAGE.-Eanila Was steady ut &c 2Sc and tarred
Russia NJ lie.
CoFFfE.-Rio was In demand, and the market firm.
b24 South America sod at &c., gold In
bond. Other kinds were steady IN value with moderate
q lsac., gold, duty paid, and 500 mats private
terms. We quote -Rio-Orduay cargoes, E4c. l4S4c;
fair do l5Asc. l5Ac. good do l6ec. lc. prime do,
&C a1Ac extremes for lots, l4Sc. ls1c; Java, Gle
2Sc. singapore lsc 20c.; Ceyon l7c. Maacaibo,
l5c 5sc Laguayrs, 16c lsl3c; Jamaica, lJc. Ice.
ST. Domingo, 1oc.-an golt duty paid.
Co7PFR1he market for ingo quie but holders
firm their views, demanding 251lc. 24c. There
of 20 100 lbs lake at 24e aud trumorei) OOO0 do
do, for summers delivery, at the same price.
DYEwooDs -Logwood was scarce and firm nj aboutsf25
both Jamaica ST. Domingo, while other kinds In
fair supply aud heavy in price.
DRUGS DYre.-The market quiet for most kinds
Sales $50 sal soda at II 80 81 62 goli lVO drums
ola at &C. do, and &C. currency; lU0J
bi carb soda gold; 100 casks bic aching powders ut
B51c currency and $50 tons soda ash at 2c. 2c gold.
FLOUR AND ORAiS. Receipts, b.Vo bnia AMI isoo bags
$40 do. barley 100 do malt lhe 1or market
manned very dull and prices nearly nominal shippers
bid SO 70 for State 10 extent but not much could
been done that price, High grades were quiet but
normally unchanged California hour was dun and nominal
about 500 bbs Southern -four dui and
prices merely nomna the sales were sd bbs Rye
hour quiet but prices were uncsngedi sales 2o bbs
Corn was dull nd unchanpel. auOta.-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
COURT OF GENERAL SESSIONS.
Before Judge Bedford.

DVlVfe JUuEe DeuaVlU'
The City Judge has presided this week, in the ab-
sence of the Recorder. Assistant District Attorney
Tweed conducted the prosecution.
John Kesler was tried and convicted Of burglary
in the third degree, the Indictment alleging that on
the morning of the I'd Of December the premises OF
Henry Kie $50 Pearl street, were burglariousy en-
tered and Sl25 in money and two silver watches
one year.
Henry Just pleaded guilty to an attempt at grand
larceny. He was charged with procuring suit OF
ulent check eightytwo dollars upon the Bank OF
the Commonwealth. As there were mitigating Cir
cumstances the Judge remanded him for sentence.
William Dugan, vino was charged with stealing
silver watch from William Coughlin on the 2Sth OF
March, and John Seeker, indicted for burglary, were
both promptly acquitted, the evidence adduced be.
ing insufficient to warrant Mr.. Tweed in pressing for
q conviction. The defendants also proved excellent
charactera
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
PROBABLE MURDER.
A Woman Dangerously Kicked ana beafcn-
Ante.N1ortem Examination.

A Woman Dangerously Kicked and Beatcn-
Ante.N1ertem Exam nntion.
Yesterday afternoon Coroner Flynn received In
formation that Mrs. Mary Kinney was lying In
dangerous condition OF her residence, No. $40 West
Forteth street. from the effects OF injuries alleged
to have been inflicted upon her by man named
John patton, on Monday night Mrs. Kinney and
cir, named Maggie Rogers had quarrel, during
witch Re 10 charged Dalton interfered, and taking
an active part against Mrs. Kinney kicked her
IN a brutal manner. Dr. Mcfarland, OF West
Thirty.fourh street, who has since been treating her,
IN note to the Coroner certified as TO the extent Of
the injuries received % far as he had been able TO
learn them. After the occurrence Dalton was Or.
rested but according to the statement OF the In
jured woman's husband one OF the police sergeants
subsequently discharged him ut the station mousse.
Tie Coroner took the ante-mortem statement OF
Mrs. Kinney, who seems to think she IL In dying
condition, and has no hope OF her recovery. Mrs.
Kinney stated that Maggie Rogers had stolen some
clothes from her, ana subsequently, seeing Maepe
standing Ia Daaton's door, asked her 20 return We
goods, but only received abuse and blow IN the
face. During struggle wnich then ensued between
them Dalton kicked Mrs. Kinney several times, q
stated. verdict vas rendered against Dalton, end
Coroner Flynn tssued n warraK for his rcsrrese
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
UNITED STATES DISTRICT couar-n BANKRUPTCY.
Registers Compensation.

Registers Compensation.
Judge Blatchford has decided that IN case where
J register takes charge OF and sells bankruprs
property surrendered TO him, he is not only entitled
10 his fees register OF live dollars per day. but Is
1so entitled 10 the per eentage allowed to assisnees
Tor SIMILAR services.
The Fifty Per Cent Clause.
Judge Eiatchford. after consulting Mr.. Justice
Nelson has decided that the act OF July 81, 1868,
postponing the time for the ty per cent clause Of
The Bankruptcy act to Operate until the LIST OF Janu-
lry, 1859, was retroactive well as prospective,
anu covered ali petiLions fled between the ID OF
June 1865 anu the date OF tue passage OF the act OF
(ulV ~. 1868.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
NEW YORK CITY.
HE C0iRTs.
UNITED STATES c,acU.T COURT.
lIcoholic Beverages and Quack Medicines
A Cusfom House Case.

Alcoholic Beverages and Quack Medicines
A Custom House Case.
Before Judge Benedict
James Dallett Us. Henry A. S1aythe. Collector, De-
rhis case, previously reported, has been decided.
me plaintiff, who is the proprietor OF the article
known Is Angostura Buffers, paid duty, under pro-
lest, on quantity OF the bitters he had imported,
,he duty being assessed at the Custom House at the
proprietary medicines, in which class the plainlr
Claimed the Litters should he placed. being much
'ess lie therefore brought suit to recover the 0f-
:erence Judge Benedict now, after carefully weigh
ng the testimony OF experts aud examining the law
decides IN favor OF the defendant This decision ID
bf some Importance as IL affects the interests OF
many proprieters OF alcoholic stimulants whose
3timu lants are claimed 10 be medicines.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

Business In the ST ock market was dull except for
few OF the leading shares, but prices reacted from
the depression OF yesterday ana were generally
higher. New York Central was very unsteady,
fuctuating frequently between the limits Of 16I and
1857, under the pressure OF struggle between two
OF the great cllques OF the street. Pacific Mail
recovered over one per cent, as compared with yes
terday. and prominent clique are also said to have
taken hold OF 1t for a 'bullr movement The feature
was Fort wayne which suddenly went up to 1897.
IL IL supposed TO be In the hands OF the Erie clique
and largely "cornered.r As the Erie party are
anxious for outlet to Chicago they may yet CON-
pei the three-fourths Of the directors continued
In once by legislation to endorse the project Of
third rail between Gallon or Crestne and Chicago.
Hudson River was "off" said TO be In consequence
of the damage occasoned by the ireshets. The
rest Of the railways were without special fea-
ture. Prices closed as follows Of the last regu-
lar board:-Canton, eix ao2h; Cumberland, 80
80; western Union, Az Az; Quicksilver, ak Q
22,i; Marposa az bid do preferred ~ asked; Pacific
Mail, e3x o %; New York Central, 1857 losx;
Hudson River, Itsx o 1a0; Reading e5 eS,<; Mchi-
gan Central, l2ox; Michigan southern, osx 90;
Illinois Central, las asked; Pistsbure, e3K asked,
Northwestern, SAX asked; do. preferred, sex q o.;
st. Paul. Tx rs; do preferred, s5ts SO; wabash,
70 TAX: Fort wayne, l32k 1913; Ohio and Mis-
sissippi, 33k o 331.
The following were the closing quotations Of the
last open board:-Canton, 90 62x; Cumberland, 80
sox; weis-Fargo Express, sax sSk; Adams Ex-
press, 90 q eok; American Express <ox Q Al;
United states Express, es bid; Merchants Union Is
bid; quicksilver. AK 20; Pacific Mail, ss,s s3X;
western Union Telegraph, tss 9 AS; New YORK
Central, 1osK 1osk; Mariposa 22x q 22x; do.
preferred, 43H 43,<; Hudson River, 14sx q 1A9;
Harlem, 14i a i4ix; Reading. o6x sss; chicago
and Alton. 1877 n 1877 Y: Terra Uaute "a n an. wa-
BASH TAX; do. preferred, 10; Milwaukee and st.
Paul. Tx 70; DO. preferred, sSx 80; Ohio ana
Mississippi s3x q 33,S; Fort wayne, ls3's a 1ssx;
Michigan southern, 9sI es,s; Cleveland and Pitts
burg, s2x . o2x; Lake Shore, ssK q ssX; Rock
Island, 1874 o 1s7%; Northwestern, SAX SAX; do.
preferred, o6x ook; Bankers and Brokers', ITO.
IL is announced that lhe Rock Island and PscIac
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
CITY IsTELLiGEsCE.

THE WEATHER YEsTERDAY.-The following record
will show the changes in the temperature for the
past twenty -four hours in comparison with the cor
responding day Of last year, indicated by the
thermometer ut Hudnut's pharmacy, HERALD Build
ing Broadway. corner OF Ann street,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
supaeM: CnURT-CHtMaEas.
The Appleton Case.

Before justice Caruoz0,
Samuel r. appleton os. Annette Appleton--This case
acain came up on a motion OF Mrs. Appleton, or
Warner set aside al the proceedings In the case
IN the ground that Mr. Appleton, to whom she was
married, is Of unsound mind and has not given o
6f his reass csn q se s anu
sent The plantif's attorney. is- me first time
Ana his unwnSness to i've with another '1 m sns
wife, and on these letters and the proceedings pre-
viously reported. claimed dismissal Of the motion
The Court reserved its decision.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
STREET QUOTATIONS..
UnIf.past Five o,CIack r.. nI.
COMMERCIAL REPORT.

FRIDAY, April s3-6P.M
BEEswAx In light demand, and with increasing
stock prices heavy and lower, closing at ago 46c
CoTToN-The market opened strong, with fair inquiry,
closed quiet though steady yesterdays prices The
moderate being ss bales of which 773 for
spinning 7ss export and l7 speculation For future
delivery sales reported We quo
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24


Hsvans-Coumon, s2Ssc. a csc; good, 9jc a - me,
al Oly 81 TO- Yara-One cut, 75c Sic. two cut, 81 VI
al Is average lot, e5c Sc M.nuaciure -Blac< work
Common and medium, u lsc., Ia Doni good and sue,
Soc sOc., Bright work-Common aud medium 15c.
Dec do, aud good aud nne 2Jc. n Sc. DO.
TINConscquent the unfavorabe news from Europe
tho market for pig dun and heavy at sc. zee. Tor
Straits 80 32c for Eu sh, and Ss.c. for Banca TO
arrive straits were offered &C., gold No sales.
Plates were dull and We quote 81 O. charcoal,
a. s7s a 40; l. O. coke, "a -; coke teruo, IS IAN
S6 %, and charcoal do. ~ - 31H, Al god.
the last sale held about six weeks ago,
nestle, though only moderate business is In
extent at the sale and all descriptions are oosainabe
at former prices Pulled steady In value with moderate
demand, chiefly for good supe For Tesas the market e
quiet but In prices there considerable stead nes The stock
moderate particularly q TIC better grades Ia CAL orna
which Is more steady In value. For foreign, The
most all descriptions are nominal The sales are about
Xxx oho chiefly at from Doc 70 ssc for one t'eJ ip.
lots al Sac s7e and lsaco lbs fs clip California a. ssc
caars OF the auction sale published in our last ssuc
WHALEBoSE-Ihe MARKET was duh aud prices were
nominal At q0c. gold for Arctic, ,,,.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS., $40 bbisThe market was dull and
heavy There few small sales nj e0c s,c aN PAID
WHALrTooTs. cached scarce and hsd ~ iv'pc
lie. unbleached were quoted a. eHc.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24
ugIEp STATES CuRMlis!uaEa's cguaI.
The Drawback Frauds.

Before Commissioner Belts.
Ball was offered to-day before Commissioner Belts
Tor Wilson, who was arrested In connection with
he Drawback frauds, in the sum OF $4,000, but the
amount was refused.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

bs, lsc SOC, gold. they run; San Juan. g ibs
isc 49, Msarnoros - lbs, l6c. lSc Vera CRUZ
Porto cabelo 20 . u lbs, ls1sc. . 1850.
RoNScoch piwas SALE but being In light stock
was firmly held Al S $40 for Egiinton aud 0ensarnocks
s4s or Garsharris and 5 for Conesa We heard Of no
sales OF consequence American dull but unchanged In
vane NO. being quoted $40 S42 and No. $S5 e4O 40
cordng 10 brand Refined while rails,
though quiet firm S54 55 gold, Englsh and
$s a xsI, currency, for American.
Ordinary foreign quiet but steady at - %
90 goa bar was quoted l0xc. and sheet and pipe TO-
sole was only moderately dealt In and
OF most kinda buyers favor. Receipts fair and
Stock moderate Oak dull and unchanged. Rough
70 accept of lower pricea I'VE nnola
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24


Factory diaries, tair quality auHo
Farm dareH, fancy and extra quality ....zzc A2ic
Farm dairies fair to good .lic- a1-c
quotations. stock large: fbs go hhds part
2Sc. Porto Rico. Refined only moderately dealt in,
isSe;' Tae. fog ysIs. and isisc: ns:s. for s1rs
1osc. llc fair refining, Ike. good refining Ike fair
Eve lzsc cen trieai hhas and Boxes ioSc. sisNc:
Hayana-Boxes D. Nos to IL &c; do. do. 10 to
H. I2c. lasc do do Is 70 La l2sc 1875 do DO to
e .c l4stc DO DO u to 90 70 &C. 70 DO DO white,
grocery grades, l24c. lcSc
Sales.--future sales reported OF either goat
Deer-Honduras 43c &c. per h. saa Juan, tlc 42c;
Bolivar Soc. Sic. sisa &C. &c; Vera Cruz, 45c Soc
Chagres s5c. s0c Porto Cabso, SIC. 4Oe Para, 40
Gost-Tamp.co See 55c Ma,amorc. boc abSxc;; Vera
Cruz. 5Oc 52c, gold Buenos Ayrcs 4Sc 6uc Paya asc
Curacoa 4sc. 52c. Cape, dc Soc; Madras tOc 7oc
spTLTEH-sissan was dull and nominal SO 45 81 60
soAr.-Cas,fc steady, with small sales at lo4c
srEaHAoETL-Reaned was quiet but steady at <5hc
q acc.
sALr-Thc business this article light owing to the
dnnnd from jobbes SO IS 80 S. for Ashtons sack,
~ $2 s. tor Marshas and Worhiagton's do as 10
81 25 for Higgins 81 " IL for grouni ~ o. ~ ~ Tor
Evans Deans, &C., and 5cc 0Sc Tor turks lsana per
bu.he.
TALLow continued fair demand at steady prices the
sales being 750oJ bbls. al lAc. lssc, according 70
Extraordinarily stu in active demand aud the
market very firm at quotations. he saes wer,
bids (ncudng resales OF 800 hhds old crop on pri
vae tsrls. seedesf steady value, with
demand the rates being Ill new ate II loo p do
do Connecticut nj c ~ 10. DO. Oho Al i3:, and s Dor
prices, though heard OF OF significance We
luOte:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24


&c e $ss gsS siss ;
to aoesD. Of lower prices We quote.
A'. *: R. s sss s. SsS;.;s 9ssi.o
S::s damaged e. Is Is &: 4:
poo: SSS. saa s IL yaS: Light SO
Light. s-,s .sg: & s' sss, .i s' III.
Middle ......""..... ssc. &c. &c s!sc sSc. s4sc
Bsfis. &c. sc. '0' "' 0s ."' ss'' 800
Voc. loo Cuba nasscSsds. private ssrms
CUBA ssssS reclining &C. &C. e. e. g.
Porte Rico: &C. s.s. So. s..
Enksn lands' >oc 'ee. % sSc.
49, 20, For n .s ss.i
lse. The ~ bDl. 1sss 9oc Slipping lot.
s.g: b %sn to tho four nave s:
SOD RSsn value with Mods "a demand
r. " s aS Of M % "a e. u
y u s. lss 81 'Ss e. q Ss ps
"a soa y o. and s1.rs Do 70 w. Wilmington tar was
or oAKEWessia was dun ana nominal Ct ~ 5Ga 49,
sss with .ass or 1905 gallons n &c ss
closing at the latter price Or olive 6o gallons were sold
ss II 81: ~ % III Price e =;
bb henhaden ami higher being bed At from
81 10 81 o. the inside - bUis. Sold Western
distilled red obtaipsSe Soc. fish du. at
IL IL for crudo whale 81 u 81 le FOR beachsd winter do
u 80 for crude and 81 81 ~ for nnoeaehei DO
LEUaihe mar ct for crude in bui<l was di and
the yesterdays but decidedly
the close when e piees current IKE c
and lS.c. hay delivery the sales U Gols.
tSzc. Crude bbls. Iar FOR SHIP
with continued scarciy AMI high price OF empty
bhs. prices were rncl, closing al ac - 4byo bs"eo
,e.incd olcsaOy active demand.
chiefly for May delivery bat prices were lover exeep Tor
lots Tor immediate delivery, Which sold at yesefdsya
Tho LOO bb standard " mite Tor April
at ssc 800 for half OF May 3c, 2coJ do. FOR
the hast half do. III 33c ami sO TO- Tor iune az 5fc IL
Philadelphia the market was quiet am easier sales 1UVJ
bbs &c. cloxng at 24c sGl 500 do er iay II J31c
aud There less activity ia the market
pork but the offerings continuei limited sce and
prices firm, closing at SSl - for The sales
1000 bbls. nj 81 - for new ness W Tor Old do, S2j
ing $50 bbls ha May 81 90 seller option.
Dressed hogs, though quiet steady yeeas quota
tions. 1.-Two hogs quoted higher Al 10 C. n iic with
arrivals of 90 head. Beef Was IN improved drfnandi
| SID for plain ala S5 Tor extra do. Beef
ha M steady with saies OF Is bbs at Ij & Tierce
beef continued dull and nominal, at 3 s2o for
prime and $2s S33 tor India do Cut meats were
shoulders 10 for smoked do l6c. lS4c Tor picked
hams md zoe. 4 2l@c. for smoked and bagged do !
sales 30 packages al these prices Bacon was
steady 49, 1880. for Cumberland cot II &C. Hfc.
$50 boxes &c. StrcOrd and Staforshire For lard
quiet aud heavy though good business was
delivery; the were go pack
ares l7<c lec. for No 10 prime steam and hete rem
mi for May, sellers op,ion, and loc ior June
buyers option wa: 10 lar feses on a ne s oSs
was fsir aud prices were weak. was IN iafy aS'''
| demand and Grm, With light stock. We quote!a,~
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

Cash gold was In good demand up to Clearing
House time, and rates for borrowing ranged from
nat to 3-e4 and 1-l6 In the afternoon loans were
generally made iat. The following is the report Of
the Gold Bank
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-04-24

MOLAssEsrhc market contnuedto quiet and prices
generally heavy The sales ~ hhd pemerra
6c a70c and 100 do. Cuba muscovado private
VIZ ntata.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1869-01-20

aHalloo, Charley; come aboard. Whose
that you've got with ye; A Beverley
beaneTsor Salem shagf This from a
bare legged savage was to me sufficiently
astonishing, for the fellow had nothing on
but bis marc and was to all appearances
quite as much Of Fijiiman as the MODEST
Roman that had seen. Before could
recover from my surprise. he raised his
naked form from the circle Of women who
were tanning him and kneading his limbs,
and said come and sit down, boys I've
got a drop to drink to offer you" This
was the second in rank to the King Of
Rewa. and possessed of great influence all
over the Island. he had. several years
before my visit to the islands, gone in a
trading vessel to Tahiti. New Zealand, the
Marquesas, and the Friendly Islands. The
schooner in which he went was command
ed BY man named Phillips, and conse-
quently, on his return. he was dubbed
Phillips" by the foreigners He had
learned to speak English remarkably well
This may not, however, be very surprising
when it is remembered that the dialect of
the FIiians contains all the consonants of
the English, and it may be added. great
many Of the euphOnisms of the continent
al languages.