New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-09-04
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
BY HORACE GREELEY.
XIV.


ture, and upon the recOmpense Of Laborf As this is
vital point. choose to quote at length the official
Report on the Condition Of the Sugar Industry Of
France, made by NJ. b. bureau at the last great
Exposition of the Worlds Industry Pars-lSG7). N
| follows:'
"The extent OF the Beet CHlture-whch was not ton
years since more than l2siiO acres may today be est
mated at about 271,700 about One-twonoth OF
the arabic soil OF France which exceeds 5i249GO
imply that the development OF Beet culture had been
effected at the expense OF that Of cereals and that TO
make Sugar exposed scarcity OF Wheat But facts
have demonstrated that the lands devoted Beet may
be doubled or trebed and still sufficient remain cereals
for the sustenance Of 1t has been demonstrated.
even by incontestahle facts, that. instead Of endjog6
a. One example will suffice 10 prove it:
"In 1854 the devoted TO Wheat in the arrondse-
the figure Of 1851 acres although the cultivation OF the
Beet which had previously extent Of 1905 acres.
which the Bee. supgantsi They are barley the eol.a.
times the faow ground. which IL long since entirely
superseded in the North and which causes to
in all districts where lt is introduced In addition. tbs
the Sugar districts. We can Judge, from that Same
30 2 bushels per acre Of wheat in IsG~aready out Of
proportion with the rest Of Francegave In 1866 return
| as high "a bushels per acre.
"The number and sheep has likewise sienally
cultivate Beet are those which furnish Wheat
Meat and therefore the largest contributors 70
| and Valenciennes with their excellent culture sometimes
the figure OF 81 s5 uns Of Bee. other
cannot possibly estimate IT, on the whole In France At
hger than 10 to Is Ins per acre Ia irn %, %
TO the circumstances. more or less favorable OF the
The yield OF Beet fat first hardly two per cent now
from FIVE 10 ak per cent. OF Sugar and the average
product Of Beet Sugar estimated at about 800 pounds
=" Beet. after its juice is expressed gives residuum
OF great value nutrye substance. IL may he csi
mated that geo pounds Of this residuuu fermented
on TO aao pounds Of Hay Working OK is well led with
daily ration of 81 OF pulp and to "a pounds OF hay IL
Weight OF the Beet and that Il viii consequently furnish
total quantity OF 9Ooo tns shall md that II can sup
port exclusive Of all other forage) during 0e
beeyes from 2O2 to ls2a 10 $4,000 sheep aud thus
produce oo pounds Of meat Mosoyer sIs'e Sas;
each year about $4,000 acres. -,
liz culture is accompanied should be, by the feeding
OF cattle, which It's resduum will 80 largely 70
The good effect is. however. not limited to this for:
with the plant nothing need DO i9st. me leave ani
stalks which left the soil are likewise fertihIns
which one soon peree,yes on noting ,ne ylgor oI tns
been more abundanty left to decay.
II eaten by sheep. the result is the same The Beet
roots coming the factory carry with them from five 70
six per cent. OF earth, often great deal more tins
EARTH collected at tie washing OF the roots along wlth
the debris ~ 1aments and roots makes fertizing
It with muck from the yard, cinders from the boilers
"The working Of the Juice requires great Zeal Of
chalk which forms with the abundant scums thrown on
during carihcaton mineral and heterogeneous fertilizer
OF the first order highly pIized ~ growers Tor the
combination. We make OF this fertilizer perhaps
The fabrication of sugar employs animal black.
the resduum Of which scarcely estimate at ess
than TO 800 bushels per year. goes 10 fere tho
element which they require. This not ALL The manu-
facturc OF the Sugar leaves an resldgan
which be estimated AT from "a
per cent Of the weight OF the Beet This Molisses the
total quantity OF when amounts 20 I'M nd
after giving OF, by dstattoA. volume equal 10 one
p"ron Of ten 70 twelve per cent coarse residua@
! known Beet Saline, which contains all the salts
Scmcnts of which escape being utilized owing 70 the
marvellous system adopted in It's treatment The season
OF 1856, according 10 Official figures, hss produced
! 6,7G5,e62 gallons OF Molasscs Alcohol:
and Of soda OF chloride Of potassium and foreign matters
their production ought to amount TO from 1874 tuns 10
1850 tuns
at useful 10 know what part labor plays In tho abri
fore state il briefly Ten years since, estimated
that manufacture OF Beet sugar I've do not speak OF
and all This number has not augmented IN
proportion the production, because the application Of
machinery and notably OF some special mschlnery, has
permitted the realization Of certain economy Of hands
We may ertheess estimate that each factory employs
from 80 10 200 persons OF whom three ffths men,
onehfth women, and 0netifth children Of both sexes.
that Of the women 2s cents and that OF the children -
We can estimate at about $1,000 per factory ts
wages OF each Of 100 days This gives Tor the tl
factories N France sum exceeding "''OO'V"' 70 10
As TO the cultivation OF the Beet itsel9 may calcu
late for all the handabor required from ~ ~ ~ peg
acre. which forms saothor sum Of from a'oco'coo 70
This employment created by me Beet Sugar ndus-
try as such the Interesting because 10 Is purely
rural aud takes place the Winter-tha IL % say, at
the time when agricultural labor is least required IL 10
thus that this useful industry mes TO the AID OF Agrt
| culture, fayorng Il IN all Its ranches, ana unqnee
tionably, by the influence wh-n the extra wages We
have mentioned have in couneracng among the rural
population the false attractions OF the cities In tins
| view, 10 renders incompatible service
DO not suppose that any confederation Of the tes-
| timony above given is needed; but the following
note on the Beet industry of Belgium by English
! obseryer-the correspondent of The london M0rHiHs
| ChroHicle-as quoted in Mr.. w. Dgby ScymouTs
work entitled" How 70 employ capital in Western
Ireland (lS5l affords a striking confirmation of the
accuracy of Mr.. bureaus conclusion:
when Beetroot forms prominent part OF the cult.
walton the proportion devoted 20 II Is about one third VI
| the whole farm Take farm OF ninety hectares
Qe2 100 acrcs, and there would be thirty hectares
nye or six az 35O0 IL slO0 acres of Rye and the
In clover potatoes, &c Its remarkable fact
elgum me yield Of Wheat has as great he ia
,chois derOted 10 The lderso excellent preparations
| OF the soil Is Beet-rOot."
Il have made these long extracts. because while
throwing much light the general subject of Sugar
production they undesignedly illustrate and COM
mend the benefcence of diversifying the pursuits
and productions Of ia people France has at length
cheaper and more abundant Sugar than she could
have had had she not long since entered resoluteiy
the work of protecting its production ON her own
SOIL and persevered therein TO the end in spite Of
the sneers and jeers Of economists like Basat who
have determined not to see in Protection aught but
| a device or scheme for enrching man or class nc
! the expense of another. In their view, Protection
being but cloak for rapacity. the you protect
the more Protection is needed yet here is France
abundantly supplied with cheap article naturalzed
ON her soil by Protection and thus rendered 50 strong
nd M Ian,