The weekly standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1869-18??, 1869-08-25

. HOW AND WHEN To USE NlANuhES. me
best method of using stable or barnyard
manure for corn or potatoes, is to haul it
fresh from the cellar in the condition in
which it rests in the vaults, spread it upon
the ploughed field, and harrow it in with a
Geddes harrow. This is what is called
"long manure" in form which, according
to the opinion of many farmers, is unsuited
to immediate use; also, it is objected, that
in spreading fresh manure upon ploughed
fields and covering it only specifically with
earth, much of it is lost by evaporation or,
more correctly speaking, certain volatile,
gaseous constituents rise on the breeze and
are waited away. In our view, both Of these
notions are incorrect. The excrement of
animals must undergo kind of fernenta
ton, or putrefactive change, defore it is as
simulated by plants, and it is better that this
be carried forward in the field, as there it is
in contact with the soil, which is greedy to
absorb all the products of the chemical
change Creative power has bestowed upon
dry earth prodigious absorbtive capabilities.
If lump of fresh manure as large as
peck measure is placed upon
plowed field uncovered, and allowed to fer
ment or decay in the open air, the absorp-
tive powers of the earth are such, that 1t
will actually attract towards it ammonlacal
and other gases, and thus rob the atmos-
phere of its natural volatile principles.
film of earth no thicker than the rind of an
orange, placed over lump of manure, will
effectually prevent loss of manurial pro-
ducts, under all possible circumstances 1t
will be agreed then, that harrow is equal
ly as effective as plough in protecting ma
.,,@ I, falH 4 10 fO haU
the manure near the surface, so the rains
can reach it, aud dissolve the soluble salts,
and by percolation carry them down to the
hungry roots of plants. Long manure Is
not lost when deeply turned under
by the plough, but the farmer does not
secure the whole value of his dressing
under this mode of treatment In any
case, and on some soils the loss is most
serious one. In the process of soap-making,
it becomes necessary to set up leach.
Now, the farmer will not attempt to eN-
haust the tub of ashes of its potash by
forcing water into the bottom and dipping
the liquid off from the top. The natural
percolating or exhausting process is do'cn-
wards, in accordance with the laws of grav-
ity. The soluble alkalies and salts are
driven downwards, and in the case OF the
leach we must have vessel ready to re-
ceiye them at the bottom, and in the case of
the same substances leached from manure,
we must have the manures so placed that
plant roots will be at hand to absorb them
before they pass beyond their reach.
Manure is never so valuable as when 1t Is
fresh. It then holds in association not only
all the fixed soluble substances, natural to
the solid eXcrement, but much that is Of
great value, found only in the liquid. 1t is
in a condition to quickly undergo chemical
change, and the gaseous ammonlated pro-
ducts secured are double those resulting
from that which has been aoeathered in q
heap out of doors for several months
Journal Of Chemistry. 4-
STABLES IN SUMMER-With most farmers
| considerable pains is taken to make stables
warm and comfortable for stock in winter,
| and this should be: but there is another
| matter connected with stable management
| fully equal in importance, which is very sad
| ly neglected, and that is free ventilation in
| summer. Very many stables upon farms and
| in Villages, are built of brick, or clapboard-
| ed if made of wood without windows, and
through the sultry nights of summer, horses,
| and often COWS, are kept confined here,
breathing the air contaminated by the am
| monia which arises from their own filth, and
| the effect of this is loss of appetite, disease
| of the lungs and q decline of strength.
| One-half the injury will not arise from
keeping horse in cold stable during win
ter. that will come from close confinement in
summer, for animals were given a robe to
shield them from the cold but no shield is
/ off nf h1l Cr
| for hours at time poisoned atmosphere.
Some means should be devised to give a
free circulation of air through the stable, If it
has to be done by leaving the barn doors
open; and the stalls should be kept clean
and sweet by the use of saw dust, straw or
dry earth. We do not approve OF using lime,
ashes, or anything of the kind as a purifier,
for it is injurious to the hair and skin OF the
animal ..- .4
When horses are made to stand upon a
plank floor, the stable is liable to become
very much more impure than under Other
circumstances, for the liquids will run
through and form pool beneath, which
continually sends up noXious odor as OF
strong hartshorn To avert this fill the cav
ity below the floor with sods or loan, and
clean the same out two or three times during
the season. Thus large amount OF the very
best of manure may be gained, and the
comfort of the animals kept in the barn pro
NOTED.
The importance of cleaning the floor o
the stable often, cannot be too earnestl.
urged. for in hot weather the collections
here are alive with maggots in few days
if left undisturbed, and this is positIV
proof of its unhealthfulness and impurlt.
Where the horse is not in use, the stal
should be renovated morning and evening
Ohio Farmer. ......-.
SMOKING HAMs.-I received new ide
from Mr.. Locke, says correspondent OF til
Neso E,aqland Farmer, in regard to smokn
hams. Let the hams remain frozen an
wrapped in papers through the cold weathe
Tn the spring. smoke your barrel by gradu
!. ally burning under it, when inverted,
busbel of cobs: then rinse the barrel wit
warm water that is to be used IN maxim
the brine. For one hundred pounds OF mea
use ten pounds of salt, two quarts molasse
two ounces saltpctre, with water enough I
cover the meat. Scald the brine, SKI m !
and put it with the hams, packed in til
smoked barrel. Treated in this way tn
hams have the taste of smoked meat, witt
out smoking, and will keep, like other so
meat, through the summer.
DESTROYING PoTATo BUGs.-H. Fen
writes ~ have suffered severely from p
!, tato bugs. In 1866 tried various methot
! to destroy them, but with no effect.
: | 1857 they came on again, and ! tried the
J again, but with nolavail. / then took
handful of long grass, and went throug
! each row and whipped thoroughly, and g
l a fiue crop. In 1868 had no trouble w:
them, and raised fair crop. Others trle
: the same remedy, with the same success"
t Rural Ne,O Yorker.
. WIND GALLs.-Hand friction, always ru
. bine down, will certainly keep them fro
s increasing, and if well applied for half
' hour at q time. twice day, will remove
+ new one, or materially check one OF io'
c standing.
st FARM PROVERBS.
n Do not keep more live stock on your fal