New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1869-10-28

SERVICE.
A small but intelligent and attentive audience |
assembled at o'clock yesterday afternoon ia the lecture
room OF the Historical Society. President Eliot called
the Association TO order and introduced Frederic Kapp
one of the Commissioners Of Emigration who proceeded
to read long and valuable paper on
IMMIGRATION.
The reason why people emgrate is, because they are
prosecuted either by the ruling powers or Dy the SOCIAL
evils Only the poor aud the politically or relglousy
disappointed emigrate. The United States owes iS
power and wealth the influx Of the poor and outcass
Europe; the farmer and mechanic who succeeded
the lazy discoverers During the last century emlgran
poor that they contracted for their passage ana
small loans, which they repaid their arrival 10 tenn
pOTury serYtudet The shlpowners charged hlRn Ths,
"a which were added 100 per cent for the risk aud the
emigrant suffered IN proportion Yeung people hau
g serve their old parents d 6 ana 5 survivors Or Adults
had to serve three years, and the children from
10 years until tbou tney barss e
their masters who had to raise and board them sps
passengers upon arrival IN R nd rncra snd
sturdy mechanics went of well, put mnllary oeeTs anu
scholars unstable. The lower glasses ke
along well but they sometimes reateu very Ornta
", The more man was educated the worse lor Nun
Parents sold their children to remain Tree
young people about TO marry had to pay EDOr 10 LOT
each hrthtr year they would have 20 serve although
steerage passenger never cost more Than Elo h Nay
servants were obliged to week Tor eaeh uAI
one month for each week, aud six months iJr each
month they were absent. master nig :, I I'D.
his seryaat for tho une1pired term o. A MS
Temporary slavery The last sales were In Phlanepn
in 1918 aud 1872 From IT'S to 1915 emigration was VIZ
aim on account Of the American Revolution ana the
Europpan wRrs Not than 5000 TO 400 per annum
arrived during this period When peace wac resstav
shed il took fresh start The famine OF 1910 ana 1917
gave tho first powerful impetus 10 q larger German en-
grafton. In 1871 there were 1882 emlRrahs rO .no
United Kingdom, against 1903 IN 1926 ana IN ls2o, ueto
cere n $40 In 1929 the number sank 10 1854, and In
1880 to 3574 The Increase was tue same IN every VI
great distress or revolution or national nlstrst LIZ
the decade from lsI5 OdS54, inclusivey, Ireland sent
1872 100 emgrants to this country, but after hat heT
quota has fallen of 10 lees than One.alf tine average VI
the Last ten years The failure OF the revolution VI o4l
drove immense numbers OF Germans over out tue great
est number came In 1884 From ls45 70 1871 lnclusVey
the number Of German emigrants was iILoSsz IN me
manner emigration falls on as the chances OF success IN
the United States grow less. Tbs worse the times IN
Europc the larger the emigrnOn the worse the times
In America the smaller the emigration.
In 1856 every emigraut was questioned az 10 the amount
n, Inc Ind with him. and the average OF 1892 new
corners was found to be ga o. But this was abandoned
ls found that the true amounts were NOT truy
stated t was shown however that ON the average they
possessed larger sum than Il held Dy the IOcaIsu resi-
dents Of any known community; Is estnateu snsS to
ally an average OF about s0oOO Eaeh one mas cioth
ing. tools anu vanabes also tle value OF when WIN nus
cash amounts TO $50 "a low estimator So as 2oO
900 enigrans arrived In NewIork IN ls5g the hhtonal
wealth augmented that year by sJ'5OgO An etni-
grant Is worth just as ihuch 10 TINS country as ~
costs TO produce "A natlveb0rn laborer OF tne tane
average ability but tue net product OF s h oSr
Ivy which the country OF ms adoption grows ahu houI'
shes varies according 10 Ills intellectual capacity heeu
tary disposition and national qnales IL caleuasu
that an American farmer or skilled laborer costs V
for years of his life, or until ne becomes sell
supporting and female 40 One-hitn OF the anus
than is years DID, but then there are more men
coming over than women, and very many are OF lhe
higher order OF skilled labor he education o. S -, h
hulf male and half female, eaeh ono VIII he worm l-o
to this country, which II gains free OF expense =.
The Plumber " emgrants Who from May 5,l4I 10
jan l. 1859. arrived nc the port OF heW'1Ok was lN3o'
o9I which number represents capital value Of hS.
and cash valne OF $780, being 21 ~ All per mead OF
total increase the national wealth OF 4g7J55 As
summing immigration INTO the whole Union TO be SOO'
OOO souls per yrar the country gass sSoIVo per year,
than tOJO0O per day without Immigration the
yearly Increase al the population O excess o. Drtns anu
deaths about 3S. while the actual increase from 1870 10
1850 WAS $751; and from 1850 10 1850 1853 per cent aud We
understand that large proportion OF the brns are
those OF the children OF former immigrants Had immi
grafton stopped ma 1885, there would have been very
little numerical change ia the population ~ 1859 lmml,
grafton therefore, mas pushed Tue country oaNsiu "
wears m national progress and the increase IN all the de-
OF national progress has been in exact ratio "
Immigration Is q matter of sate concern alone II Is
argued that Congress should take Ia charge aud that
the Communication money OF ~ % per head collected Al the
principal pOrts OF entry should be distributed pro rata
among several states. New York. where hyeseventGs
Of the emigrans are landed Is especially attacked yet
this State Is the only Que which has organized proper
system for the protection OF Immigration IL took long
time To perfect IT, however. Formerly, omigrants
treated like brutes, aud shamefuy robbed but at Last
the cominuuityssT that It suffered IA much the emit
grant by this snd the Board OF Commissioners OF Emf
grafton appointed On tie Stu OF May lst The Com
mlssOneTs VINO serve grautously arc the guardians OF
fund created by the communication money 0i " % per
head which the emigrant has right 10 fall back upon.
Last year the receipts amounted 10 little more than
t67OOOo and the Commissioners nov hold IA trust on
Wards Isaud IA property valued at t?EN0OO ana are
IHTf
oessy. The expenses last year we're For salaries rent
repairs &C. Of Castle Garden. $4,000 60 hospitals for
care OF emgrants, $4,000 and for n5lS inmates VI
hospitals and refugees on Wards Island $4,000
IL ~ true that only fifteen per cent OF the whole
number vf emigrans apply for support, out the free
landing Of their baggage The protection against fraud
Imposition, facility OF procuring passage tickets, And
correct weighing Of baggage, are worth more Than y 20
Besides, the engraD ~ case OF sickness when be re-
mains ye years after his arrival has the night OF adnis
sion TO the hospitals Wards Island, aud he Is taken
care OF when destitute Congress mas me rlght to pro
tect the emigran. the high seas after he lands his
Is purely police regulation ~ which tho stats
alone is Interested n Congress should take bold OF him
his would become the subject Of political CHI
eanery aud result may be imagined About 90 per
cent 81 All new Corners 20 20 tho country aud ~ these
again about Is per cent 90 u the West 80 ths m proper
to liz size aud population. Newlork derives less
benefit from manifestation man me Western states.
The euigbnt Is shalnefuy abused IN MS TRANSIT 10 this
country and Congress should endeavor TO effect some
International treaties IoI hs Pio1seliSi, ~ mas hho
opportunity nov IN The "h'r OF thc Nou n'rhAh 'o1-
federation. Let II be done as soon as possible
Charles Francis Adams. jr.. followed Ms EsPp with
an important essay on the
ELECTION or PRESIDENTS OE TUE UNITED STATES
The following question was asked the paper
Protection Of the BALLOT" made before this Association
at its meeting Albany the 1871 " February last;
Can any good be suggested why the people Of
this country should not directly FOR their Presidents,
as they ever have their Governors" The present
system not only renders fraudulent yotipf most uuatu-
rally effective, but exactly points Ont the localities where
IL is needed produce result aud almost how many votes
are required. Fraud thur becomes political necessity To
counterfeit fraud 49,
Violations OF the nhOt on IiGEf s'AF can Only w
perpetrated under certain elrcnslahrcs They aie pos
sbu largo cities. where the NOers necessarily I'M
known 10 each other. and IN rudn aud aWiess cOmmuni
ties They are ilu pass ble we'll regulated ana mOdCr
atey pe,qed sections of county The simple question
therefore H. tho influence Of the Rded or law
les PORTIONS OF thc community be efeotually
strrtrd within their legitimate limits
N the President elected by direct popular vote
of the whole community % Ia true one many illegal
votes IA one section could only effect the same number ~
legal votes IN another section whereas in the Last eleC
t0n a single ballot manufactured by panty IN Cali
frnia could have able nsot 100 legal votes actu
Ally cast nv the other party Iowa la 80 far rein
rdcd the dculty. and az least deprived gRud os an
advantage by reducing all votes, legal spurious 90
eSol the election by direct popular vet" would lie an
Improvement the present Systcnh snrh ehai Er.
however as was polnted cut by lhc Tribune would be