The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1869-07-22

the isrhmus. Subsequently the Jews and Pheni-
clans conducted an extensive trade on the Red Sea
and the shores OF Suez aud after the destruction OF
the Persian empire the sea resumed ITS importance
~ the principal route OF trac from Europe TO the
East and % h q oo GHns @
tfacted from It's importance considerably, and
diverted the mind OF the Trading world IN another
direction ixedly for very many years. under English
auspices and the governments patronage Of Great
Britain.
OTHER PORTS AND SHELTER POINTS.
Independent OF Suez the Req Sea has the ports OF
Kosseir, Suakm and Massowah, situated On the
Egyptian Nubian and Danakle coasts, with those 0I
Mocha, Hodeida, Loheia, Jeddo and Yembo on the
NATURAL IMpEDIaENTs AND THE SITUATION
lmpediments to any speculation in the latitude
were found IN former years mainly In the climate
monsoon blows constantly during nearly eight
months OF each year, the northwest monsoon pre-
the month Of October to the month o May during
the prevalence OF southerly winds, the water rises
In the northern portion OF the Red Sea- which thus
attains an elevation much higher than that OF the
Mediterranean-a natural phenomenon, the enects
OF which wl 1t is thought be abated to great ex-
tent by the working Of the Suez Canal. At It's
southern extremity the Red Sea communicates with
The Indian Ocean by the Straits OF Babemandeiai
bifurcating in its northern portion into the Cuffs OF
Suez and Akabah, which thus enclose the Peninsula
OF Sinai. Its depth ranges at an average OF 100
1athoms, and the navigation has been already class ed
as dangerous in consequence OF sudden changes In
the wind and the unexpected advent OF heavy gales.
THE PENINSULA or SINAI
scene OF the wanderings Of the Jews when In the
desert IL IS about $40 miles long, taking 1t from
north to SOUTH and OF about equal extent In BREADTH
taken at It's northern extremity. whence 1t tapers
gradually southwark towards Ras Mohammed IN
the Red Sea, III latitude u 4s north, and Longitude
81 Is east.
POINTS OF COMMERCE.
or the Suez Canal the chief points of embarkaton
ana discharge for travellers and merchandise are
at point near Gebel Ataka Oh one side and "Moses
Wells ON the other Its traic will help to reviviy
the shores OF Lake Menzaleh and the Bay OF Peiu-
stun, Lake Timsah the Bite. Lakes and the Nile,
besides waking up, as II were, the Land OF Goshen
and the Desert, Ins railroad from AeX xsn
eighty-four miles long, running from Cairo
to Suez and connecting these cites while two
other oranches-to be known as the fanatic and
Pelusian roadswil, IL Is hoped, find the termin
the shores OF Lake MenZalen, near Port SAID. Port
Sad Inc northern entrance OF the cana' is situated
the eastern Of the Mediterranean ia miles
NORTH OF Alexandria ana thirty miles north OF Dam-
eta. The cniei divisions OF the canal are named
thuS:-Tne Division Of Port Said LAKE MeuZa.el), OF
lsmalia, oil the Bitter Lakes of Suez, and oil IL
Guse The jetlies commence at its northern end.
MODERN SPECULATION.
The assurance OF results such as these already
mentioned TO civilized trade through the union OF
Asia and AFRICA by means of canai as wei as
antcipatOIy consequences in the sustalnment OF
their power aud profits IN Indla inducei many Eng
lisnmen TO canvass the merits anu feasibility OF such
work years previous 10 the negotiations ana con-
Ierences between Napoleon Ill. and NJ. de Lesseps
on the subject IL was debated In the Load0n
@ the plans epVs or 81
very early date. saez Canal Company
was soon organized in London. The PROJECT
was discouraged in tie financial column OF tie Lon.
don Times, wnereupOn one OF the parties Interested
addressed letter to the editor OF that journal,
winch ne set forth many points embracing the views
ana proposed means OF the undertaKers. Ihls gen.
tlenan enumerated what had been accomplished
with what was then proposed IN the following
words-The capital expended II the Suez Canal uu.
dertakings has been derived from tho following
Capital, fs,o.ooo.; Indemnify paid W
Total Ell, 900. or The capita the Vice.
roy holds two ffths, the indemnity purchased Tor |
the Egyptian government the territories ceded TO
the company and the fresh water canal. 1t compen-
stated the company Tor the loss OF forced labor and
Il secured TO the y,ceroy the favor OF the French
cesslon. 1t is found requisite to increase this
Sap'ai by diIa a. w9ich it is thoEsn
when returns may be expected Thus Their capital
Is raised to ooo but 1t will be interest
to the effects OF the new transit route and the pro.
posed means OF the construction OF the canal, the
carrying trade round the cape OF GOOD Hope VIII DC
diverted through the Isthmus Of Suez. Ihe busl-
ness the canal may eventually expect VIII take
years to develop. But the company may hope to
monopolize the present iralic whlch passes by
Alexandra and Cairo to the East and something more
on ITS opening. | understand the krencn iine Of
steam navigaGion-the Mes53geres Imperlales--
were asked 70 estimate approximately what 1t would
save them II the canal was open TO their ships.
Their answer was f121,000 per annunl / believe
almost Immediately on the canal being completed
good working lines OF railway will be laid down be-
u
convenient harbOr than Alexandria England sends
annually 10000 troops anu France 1900, through
Egypt, and suppose only those who have made the
journey to India can at ali appreciate wlat benefit
Tor both passengers and luggage would De to escape
the long railway journey VIA caro-. Subsidies from
governments 10 companies snow al unhealthy
existence, but at present we pay eioo 900 year for
tine maintenance OF steam communications with
IndiG. II the canal proves Itself w0rtay think 1t
or those where the direct assistance OF the
western nations might be expected
Captain Ingleneld and Captain Spratt OF England,
q yVpIla al M n had Nv can
vassed the merits OF the undertaking anu published
their opinions Oh the subject. Cersymen took part
gentlemen OF That Class with reference to cue great
works Of any age for the most part ln opposition 10
the work. Ine clerical stan SAN ioea prevalent
and may be emboiled very appropriately in the !
language OF o heruordshire incumbent who ad
dressed himself TO the London Times thus--'in
your paper yesterday are two letters on the pecunt
airy prospects OF the Suez Cana, in answer 10 an ar
tice Of the day before Both the writer's NJ. Lange.
tho director Of the company, and Captain Ingie-
Held, have neglected 10 touch upon that wnch is by
lar the most important point-nanleiy, how the
mouth Of the canal VIII Oh opens into tne Mediterra-
mean can be kept from siuhg up by any expendi-
ture whatever The real difficulty, as was pointed out
len years ago By Captain spratt "A series Of am-
rable papers, arises IRON the predoninance OF west
winds. The Me stream, met py those at
ito embouchure, IL turned and deposits vast quaint
ties of sand along the iine Of the eastward as
lar the shores OF syria. At right angles 10 the |
direction OK this mass oi slt-beafDg water The piers
Of Port Said will run out In comparatively shallow
10 that OF the groynes which any excursionist may
see on the Eng ,ish coast. After moderate gale |
the wIndward side OF tnem Is piled with shinsle. |
Hut here the deposits are merely the product VI the
abrsded coast AT Fort sad. IN addition to these,
there viii be the sand brought down By the Nile at
the season or inlndatlOn-a sea son exactly CORES
pondng with the time a. wnch the wind IN ques-
lion Is strongest anu steadiest. II any Frencnn an
Is DESTROYS Of seeing in immature sample OF what
takes place. without going 30 FAR from nome, let him
take voyage to Bona, In Algeria This was IN the
fifth century OF the Christian era port accessible to
seagoing ships and 1t would be valuable now II II
were possible 10 render such again as Outlet for
the produce Of the best portion vi the French African
dominions-the province or Constantine. But the
silt brought down by the two little rivers which enter
the sea there-tne seybouse and the BouJerma1--
have etectualiy closed their entrance TO every thing
but quite small coastng vessels ana these ~ get
out 10 sea, are obliged 10 stand considerably TO the
eastward IN order TO clear the extremity OF the bar.
Multiply the effects produced here by very many
thousands, and he Will have some notion Of the
ration OF the Nile stream OH Port SAID aud the con-
sequent prospects OF profitable return 30 the mold
ers OF ouez Canal share3D
a FRENCH OPPONENT.