New-York tribune., 1869-03-27
more, 1900 being the average daily number manu-
factured in the Penitentiary alone, at cost OF 1t

There are no waters In the worlu In Wnicn INC oys
ter be easily cultivated as in the coves and
bays indenting the shores OF the chesapeake, ana
the numberless creeks and rivers that flow into It,
The Chesapeake oyster in its wild state has but few
superiors. and when nurtured carefully and scien-
tfcay 1t can be made to surpass all others IN tne %
various qualities that render the oyster luxury 10
the thousands who directly or indirectly inter
ested in this important subject, commend me pc
rusa of two very pleasant articles by +. w FeloWes
published in the june and September numbers OF
The kneriodn Naturalist of 1863 which have taken
the liberty to condense for these columns rl..
The French Government fully understands the great
Importance OF scientific propagation and culture Of the
oyster Professor Costes discovery 0f the mode OF
reproduction Of this mousk has been converted TO prac
teal use and many localities the west coast OF
been successful operation since 1861 In many OF the
shallow bays and basins along the coast long ago ipoy
erished by the fishermen who caught and sold every
OYSTER regardless of season. or condition the trans
planted byayes now grow IN hundreds and OF
millions The determination of the native growth some
years ago by the mproydent and houghtless dweleTs
along the shore, deprived them OF source OF
1858 or 1885, Professor Coste discovered fact WHICH
settled ongmooted point in natural history hat te
acephaa is hermaphrodte, combining both sexes ID the
same individual Setting himself to tnS Work 10 oI s,edy N
elaborate the subject OF the generation OF the
ID ysp the second but Certainly the third year. the
oyster reprOduces ts kind During the summer at sea
sons varying with locality and temperature from April 70
produced In capsules provided for them These oVa are
s % an es Of e and weight them to
hurst the ovarian capsules and their exstence
The oya especially enyeloped and protected by the
branchla folds Of the mother oyster BY admirable
provision of nature this milky fluid now begins to dry up
and thicken, forming paste which deposits upon the
exactly what s necessary 10 form delicate shell In
few hours when brought into contact with the salt
water by expulsion the shell of the parent oyster
No sooner brood thus sent out into the world OF
shift for Itself than this process is Immediately
repeated and II is known that an adult oyster produces
between two aud three million Of young during season.
Not more than onetenh or these however are permitted
attain full ze, owing to the great number Of enemies
that feast upon the young oyster during the first year
and the chances against its living through the
second when IL IS tOeraby safe The spawn expelled
from the parent oyster forms gTayish cloud which Is
dispersed by the motion OF the water and by ind
vldual aotion-as the young wall only Tor the needed
They provided with special locomotive apparatus.
which IL at the sane time an organ OF respiration and
perhaps OF hearing and Of VISION and by Of which
they work their y TO some hard solid body like stone
shell or branch to which they attach themselves for life
saws: Nothing more curious and interesting than TO
under the microscope these little molusks travel
them In vast numbers mutually avoiding another,
crossing each others track In every direction with won
This curious motive power consists OF number OF HAIR
ke laments called ella which take their IN dark
coored eshY that emerges from and overaps tile
valves Of the oyster the edge opposite TO and rhest
from The hinge and operated by muscles can
young Vanderer meets with any hard substance t cDgs
TO IT, and in few hoursas IL Ia this time making its
shel-a cacareOus deposit fixes IL there, and in due
course OF time the ciia drop on If no such suitable OBJ
an end. After while the mlia are detached from the
opster which at once sinks. being incapable Of further
notion while the cilia keep swimming until their life
il exhausted Now the oyster begins live in earnest
Lips 10 seize It's food and stomach 10 digest IT, de-
heart begins beat and all the functions neGessary
existence are set in motion IN good working order II
nourshment, three four years the embryo oyster
wiz become delicate mouthful for the epicure.
There three OF the oysters many enemies specially
feared by planters in American waters These arc the
sIarfsh the Drl, and the WiDkes' IL has been and is
s generally supposed, even by OyseTmen and writer's
upon the oyster, who shond know better that the star
s introduces IT, taper fingers between the valves and
In mysterious manner kills and devours its victim.
This erroneous impression. The starish only
ljure oyster bcuriHe certain relation I'm size 20
ltseif s mouth " cAhsiDe' .na situated ~ te middle
O the under side Of s body II the oyster 10 be eaten is
a small one, the staish floats IT, settles upon IT, and
swallows H. shell ana all The body " dlgessd ana the
shell rejected But II the oyster large, The hungry
absorbs the dainty flesh rrsung bis proper shape when
be has hnshed Aeasst IN Speaing Of This strange
rular mode of eating They place themselves over Whit
ever they mean to feed npon the back GRADUALLY n'ng
digestive stomach inside ou so as to nclose their
prey sna TYss9 shrey IS ben 20 sSk %t bc cs
agnn and the starsh, always hungry, seeks another
sier VIII Shh 10 apir1,e ioT me tme s nsailane
provided with broad, hai, feshy foot with which II
20 wc S Il % and Gl 10 S%ad oTsr e
eve ~ The oyster. drl round hole through the shell
aud sucks the coucits at ia leisure certain kind
of dtill lthe Bgofucaul forms considerable item Of
cheap food for the French peasants who boil IL and pick
the meat ont With needle. The winkles are much
larger species Of the tribe and destroy the oyster IN
the same the dr but, being less numerous,
they do not cause - much damage
In 1859. PrV Coste by order OF the Emperor visited
Arcachon on he Bay OF B.cay near the mouth Of The
Gironde studied the subject OF oyster culture, and
located the Low houIsLug and successful pdcS ~ his
report ~ the Emperor urged the immediate replau
ing Of the Bay whose resources had been exhausted by
the fishermen lS year, before; aud, I'm 1850, he was
authorized to execute The work. and IN short time he
had several acres under cultivation For rabout two hours
day, at low water, the oyster ground Is uncovered 10y
the tide, circumstance ~ great value IL enables the
iaborcrs 70 handle the oysters at will.
pare is regularly laid oui, Ike market grden, into
through each and poet erected at the corner with tho
number OF the square painted on IT, The superintendent
hsPs PSabeS and ID m s stated mc M boo ana Stock e
Inspected The spawn spdt Of the breeding oysters is
dipped INTO n cement containing sand and hydraulic lime
anddred About the middle OF Maythese tesare arranged
In piles generally, with the coDcaye side nppcrmos each
layer running rnnsyersey the layers beneath H.
The sides OF the esare separated by about three inches
piles are placed at the distance OF fifteen feet from each
other and oysters strcwn all around them. Between
the piles bundles Of fagOs bound together with gavan
ized wire suspended about foot from the bottom by
piece supported re & n two % low pSs When Neet the
c ssy % 5 % =" 70 hc roS ~ I sS & plan T a'
BY the middle OF August the oysters have finished their
reproductive labor and begin TO faten again having be-
come very thin during the summer but tne TIC ueS % me
fagots not taken up until September. By tnlS tme
& % % % spst s9S @ settled sha ne saf aU3 tho Tiles laid
side by side In long burrows prepared for then when
tiles are taken on planted in beds followed about
three inches deep running the length OF the pare The
tiles are turned with the roof side downward
and the oysters the other side are left grow they
lie unless being much crowded they grow upon each
other when they arc weeded thnned The !agots
are taken 10 Enclosures made OF solid work
which can be flooded left dry at pleasure Here the
fasces unbound and the oysters left To themselves
to grow until large enough TO be separated from the
branches aud planted
AT the end OF the third year the oyster ready for
market Those grown IN the imperial pdIcs are not sold
but consumed by the Emperor presented 10 trends
TO stock their private pares On certain day the poor
fishermen allowed TO enter the pare and gather all
they can carry away with them.
There is large oyster farm In the Bay Of Qaiberon
owned and worked by the Princess Baceochl,a relative