New-York tribune., 1868-01-17
SCIENCE.

CHEIfFERs-Mr. s. G.. Mefntire read paper
before London McrOscOpical Sub on the lahts hapits
resemble minute scorpions aud move backward and side
wise like the crab The chefer is found under the PARK
the insects which are so destructive libraries Fifty
four species Of chelifer are low KNOWN
CRYsrAIIIzATIoN OF SUGAR.-Dr. Shredder
having stated that the salts mOlasses especially the
nitraies aud chlordes, did not check crysahzaton NJ
Payen made some experiments IN tV de1oo ~ %na ntasb
does hinder tho formation of sugar but that cniodt
f potassium does reard capitalization, and common st
acts more powerfully In a similar way
POWDER MAGAZINEs.-Th destructive effect
Of the late explosion q nitro eeIine near Jerse @
nitabie piace for the storage df explosive compounds
Mr. Malet commenting on the Firth powder
10 be caused by the propagation of the shock OF an eSpo
sion through the earth except WITHIN very yI wave me
TO protect the neigborhood against Ine Srcnar
suggests tile construction OF peLnlshem.b IA nb fmcna
travers or bank at such anu Of an explo
sion and raised high enough shield buildings wlthouS
i'll other words that the position OF the is"@i" '''
be at the center Of an inverted conc lIus'uin'
The EFFECT OF SOUND on WAIER-JJ Els
We nofced moi long since the beautiful philosophical ex-
lions on the ordinary gas flame. Prot Tyndall OF the
Royal Institution, London has repeated on large sca
soDorous air-waves jet of water Water was ais-
CHARGED obquey from an ordinary e,n as II Sroe
into scattered drops, was thrown upon large Wh.e
sec seT ~ uoper pitch the drops would reunte in
tiBnOus and form the screen band seVefalee
INTO drops The of the force required TO pro
ducc shown by placing tuning fork Jnse J
support of the nipple from which the water issued whn
the drops would Instantly eoalesce The Jet was e9us M
sensitive fca and the eye and ear gave PROOF o
perfect synchronsm
RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF IRON AND CAST
scert tbe comparative cooperating of iron and
steel boilers, lately made by O. SuekenhOII a te
The two boilers were each five feet in diameter ana "a
feet long-constructed 10 stand five atmospheres over
a
of soft caststec The thickness OF the sides III the
drcal portions of the iron boiler was oo Oi an ici anu VI
of the cassee boiler 0S3 Of an inch Eaeh DOher hau
heating surface Of 293 square feet ana u square ee o
CRATE surface Both were new Wan anu 81 "b c cko WORK
above the other, but entirely separated Dy masonry te
gaseous products Of combustion passed through single
fine Hndernea each boiler and passed directly into the
chimney. At first both boilers were hed ana nes @
kept under them for several days IN otqe 10 ! & @
bIickwork, after which the fires were eXgulshed ana
the boilers empied and cleaned M Eaca pCeT m axe Se m
perature the manhOles were closed ana the wafer Ws
and All the ashes ana Goals taken away this point
the boilers fired afresh. and fed with weighed tneI
allow the steam escape and the firing was so well regu
lated, by of dampers, that the velocity OF tne
the same in each boiler The temperature OF the gases
from the fire was measured at point siS eeI IRON d .S
found to vary from 34O' TO $500 C. -,
After consuming each crate $3.50 pounds OF coa OF
the same quality the cnders of which were burned over
and over again. the fires were put out ana the
iosed on the following day the remaining water OF the
S;Iers sbowng n temperature of $50 c. was let out
through the empyng tube situated at the lowest part OF
me boiler and measured by means OF hydrometer
adaped 10 the tube The iron boiler showed 1857 cubic
feet and the steel boiler 33 cubic feet OF the remaining
fced-water Therefore the water eyapOrated in the
IRON boiler was 72-3s7=32 cubic feet or 2OO65 pounds
and that eyaporated in the steel boiler was 1l2-=S
cubic feet or 2353 pounds Hence the eyapoIating ca
pacty be l720 cent IN favor OF the Steer
boiler One pound of coal evapOrted IN the iron boer
$50 pounds water and in the steel boiler 1867 POUNDS
of water at 1902 {. - =
At the next trial the whole operation performed IN
the same manner only the velocity Of the escaping steam
was less resulted in showing 1862 cent III favor OF
the steel boiler. pound of coal evaporated IN the
lion boiler $500 pounds in the steel boiler 7OSpoundS
of water, , -,
These two experiments verified In the following
manner: To an equal quantity OF feed water IN each
boiler equa volume Of strong solution OF sat was
added Alter stirring the water for some time by means
OF long poles aud boiling 10 with closed manhoes, sam
pies were taken out for future analysis on completing
this experiment which equal quantities OF incl ana
water were used further samples were taken out Inc
analysis samples by Dr. List of Hagen showed that
I'm the IRON boiler quart OF contained before
evaporation 4627 grammes Of chloride OF sodium and
after 59S5; in the boiler quart contained 43l
grammes before and 1885 grammes OF salt after eyapora
tom boiler lost 1916 quarts, and the steer DOle
quarts Of water showing 20 s5 per cent IN favor Oh
the latter The centage OF these three ex-
perments per cent Ia favor OF the steel boiler
which noted had shell 80 cent thinner than
Of the wrOughtlrOn boiler.