The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1868-09-19

osqnsssise a Rira vise trsalasss. ~
pel6l4 g Qhdl9 ~ Fiss m
tsnL O. Z. Gsllisa. q Covinstoa, KSs
tucky; Recording Secretary. = l. Roee-
npn,y a Nsv Yefk .Cisy; TfsessrsEs 7. ".
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THE a . G or SOCIAL scHeNcE.
csc 17.ss Ssorssrxs SxaAo zsAo|
Having examined some Of the principal
means BY which wealth IA producsd and dis
iributed it 10 nov necessary 70 ara nine the
chief ineeativss .thek stiBuIats men 10 labor,
and 70 save, = veil - 70 uotcs The arrange
ments they have msds for seearing ID. them
selves, rs far - possible, tho produce Of
their labors.
The Hrst and grestsst stimulus 10 al ex-
ertion 10 evidsnlly the hope Of possessing
and enjoying whstevsr they can produce bv
the exercise Of their mental end bodily "a
culties; and that II shall become what lie
called their property Bat - men are social
beinga, both By mature and necessity, and
bound to consult the ughss OF others while
they are desjrous Of securing their own, il be-
comes necesss " to define the rights ofpEoper-
~ ApperIainilg 70 al, ip pceofdAnce With
the broadcast principles OF justice and morAli-
~. These, o. defined BY the most expe-
risnced and enlightened Of mankind are the
following: a tas "
That all persons have right to share in
the common bounties Of nature, OF the earth,
the cir, and the waters to the extent and
in the mannsr society may think viii best
conducs 20 It's well being. But - the earth
Will not yield its frui- - without culture, the
harvest be secured Y ithout care, the brceds
of animals b. preserved without attendance,
nor the supply Of various kinds Of hsh be
preserved without regulation, society must
determine how the whole shall be managed
30 ~ TO produce the largest amount Of sub
sistence for the benefit Of all.
That all individual property In land 10 .
conditional righs, conceded 70 the holders Of
il on behalf OF the whole people, IN the be-
lief that such possession ID the best security
for persons investing their labor and capital
in 1t, aud Tor rendering 1t as productive rs
possible, as well ms for giving them the
strongest interest in the welfare and pros
perity % their country. But this kind Of
property, above oil others, rec Tres clear and
precise laws to guard it; 90 prevent it from
q
its proper culture and management; TO
cause il to bear its full share Of the states
expenditure, and to determine that there are
free and proper roads, parks and pleasure
grounds preserved for the benefit Of the
whole people,
That all prisons have q just right to pos
sess whatever property they can produce,
honestly purchase or acquire by gift or in
hat
CLAIM right to the land Of bis country, on
the materials or productions thereof, merely
on the plea that he has employed has labour
In cultivatlng the one or in collecting the
others. For whether the inhAbitants be few
OF many, each and al Of them are equally
entitled 20 any portion OF their country and
the right Of possessing must be determined
BY agreement, or by q government freely
chosen BY them
That al persons should be at liberty to
pursue their various occupations without be-
ing interrupted by others, or without being
subject to injury in their person or property
excepting, however, that such occupations
are legal, and not injurious to others.
That every person has q right TO freely ex.
change, or dispose Of his productions ia the
best markets he can End at home or abroad,
vent him from obtai ming the best equivalents
tor his labor, would restrict the employment
Of labor and capital, end limit the produc-
lions OF the country.
That oil persons have right to construc'
hold, and unmolestedly erjoy whatever pro
| Perty the authorities il their country belicv,
10 BE- necessary Tor Tbs. well. beng Of society,
such rs the constr uctions 81 railroads nails
: = fala
undertakings. The parties At the same tilns
being bound by proper laws and restrictions
Sd 70 conduct their undertaking, As to Be
] promotive Of the general welfare, otL srwise
government win be justified in altering OF
annuling their Contracts.
That all the Inhabitants Of a couutrg, Of
iuii age and sound mind, have an equal
! right TO determine how their country shall
} De governed by what laws their persons and
property shall be protected, and who shall bs
} their Law makers and governors for il any
class or portion Of shis sOcisty have this right
, TO tie exclusion Of Others they will iegislsts
and govern for their own interest 70 the
: prejudice Of the general public. t
That every person should be at liberty to
: give or bequeath bis property to his childreu
or to any other person, excepting that ht
I
erty from heir to heir 10 the prejndics Of the
rest of his children nor should be, in leav
ing pr operty for the endowment Of any edu.
cationai or charitable institution, have tbt
| power OF determining what should be taught
/ and done in hem centuries after his body
IL decayed. In tbs event, too of any per
son diving witt a will, If he has no i'm.
mediate relatives to be- provided for, bis
property should be applied to Safe pur-
poses, instead, az at present, seeking after
some unknown heir who has no lust claim
TO IL. ftE
That every person should also have right
to receive or inherit any fair amour: OF
property left to him by others /: but not such
an extraysgsnt arsount as rIIP ut destroy al
motives W industry and usefulness.
Seeing, then, the necessity for securing
the rights Of property, 10 the end thai ipdi-
viduals may be stimulated to produce and
o, Joy, and TO help to make their country Q
home Of abundance, peace, and happiness,
il o. " for che united efforts Of all men to
protect and guard them. For when the
rights Of property are threatened it weak
ems or destroys the great stimulus TO indus
try and exsrtioAj il makes the possessors
Of capital uneasy, and causes them to with
hold Is from the work Of production, or to
transfer it TO other bands; evils which
would first paralyse the hands Of inaistry,
reduce the sons and daughters Of labour 70
poverty and wretchedness, and cause our
country to retrograde among nations and
gradually sink into barbarism. gf y
Some persons, however, have very re-
Gently commended that there are no rights
save such as have been established by law "
! The absurdity OF this notion has been very
clevsrly exposed by Mr.. Poules Scope, in
has .. Principles 81 Poliucal Econony
ssys be, g there b NO right ante
esdeas - law, them IN nsw countries, whers
there are no laws, men may ill-tfsat, plum,
der, and nnBdsr sons ssoshsr without doinx
wrong, Thsslf Law - ne oply stAndAfd 81
justice, 4 nsss Be right. and jast that hs