The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-01-19

The following historical document will prove
interesting in the present circumstances of the
expected organization Of Napoleon's Italo- Roman
conferences. IL is translated from the Indepen-
The 29th Of October, 1867, witnessed, for the
fifteenth time during the present century, the in.
terventoD Of French army in Italy, at the in
stigation Of the sovereign .pontif. Machiavel mo-
ticed that the popes had been always the princi-
pal obstacle TO the unifcation Of Italy Themselves
alien in Italy, they called foreign armies to their
assistance every time they thought that the TEN.
vent them to accuse the Italians to be ungratefal
to the popes a lt as- -
The following is the historical index of the for
egn interventons called in Italy BY the popes since
the beginning of the temporal power:
l. In 734 the French, led by Charles MarteI,
entered Italy at the request Of Gregory iii.
2. in 766 the French again Invaded Italy, with
Pepin, at the request of Stephen III.
8. In 776 the French. under Charlemagne, en-
tered Italy for the third time, at the request Of
Adrian.
4. In 779 the same Charlemagne restored the
pope, Leon III.
s. In s72 another French Intervention in Italy
took place under the lead of Charles the Bold at
the solicitation of John VIII.
8. In s77 the same pope again called the French
10 his assistance.
z. In $40 the same pope called the Greeks, COM
msnded by the Emperor Basil.
s. IN s9l The Emperor Arpolph sent German
army at the request Of Pope Formoso.
man army at the request of the same pope.
10. In $50 John XII again requested German
Intervention under the reign Of Ohio /.
III. In 964 the same pope again called Ohio to
IL. In 967 Ohio is again called by the Pope
John XIII. s-e1 -.
10. In 9s5 Ohio III entered Italy at the request
of Gregory Nv.
IA In 9S7 took place second Intervention by
the same emperor at the request of the same
pope. f
10. In 1918 Henry II, emperor of Germany. in
tervened in Italy at the request of Pope Benoist
le. In logo the Pope Nicholas ii called the Nor
mans to his assistance.
H. In l0S4 Guiehard dnke of Normandy, was
called by the Pope Gregory vi. r..--. 80
rs. In 1880 Lotbario IL intervened at the request
Of Pope Innocent III.
49, In 1877 second Intervention of the same
German emperor, at the request Of the same
pope. lul-l .lit.3 - ~ -a- gas
20. In 1852 Frederick Barbaroussa was Gale
by the Pope Eugene III. r
81. In 1851 the French, led by the Duke of An.
jou, interviewed in Italy at the request of Urban
II.
%. In 1872 Rodolph, emperor of Germany, was
called by Nicholas III.
%. In 1909 the French, commanded by Charles
VIII. :, ',s- :
"a In 1920 the Austrians entered Italy at the
solicitation of John XXI.
25. In 1851 Innocent vi, called Charles Nv en-
peror of Germany.
26. In 1856 Louis of Hungaria was called by
Urban vi.
81 In l4ll the Pope John XIII, called Sigis-
mund emperor of Germany.
rs. In l479 Sixtus Nv requested the assistance
of the Turks against Venice.
20. In l4S7 Charles VIII of France was called
by Innoo ent VIII.
80. In 1899 under the reign Of Louis XII. q
French army INTERVIEWED in Italy at the request Of
Alexander VI .r r-
81. In 1900 the same Alexander vi called in
In fha Gs.au rAu H.
81 In 1906 the same pope called again the
French. lcsi F
SO. In l50S the same pope called the French and
the Austrans against Venice. -f.s
81. In 1911 the same pope requested the asss.
lance of the English and Spaniards.
IS. In 1929 Charles v, emperor of Germany,
sent an army into Italy at the solicitation Of
Leon X. % i..-r r-
36. In 1921 the same pope requested the assist
ance OF The emperor Of Germany, Of Henry VIII
Of England and of Ferdinand emperor Of Austria
81. In 1870 Clement VII called again Charles
V, emperor of Germany. /.
rs. In 1884 the Austrians and the French en-
tered Italy at the request OF Gregory XVI.
80. In 1919 the French, the Austrians and the
spsnards interviewed st the solicitation of Plus TX.
40. In 1860 the same pope called to his
sistance the ultra Catholics of France, Belgium
and Ireland
Al In 1867 new French intervention.
From the preceding the popes have requested
the French Intervention sixteen times the Ger
man intervention fifteen times the Austrian in
teIvention, seven times the Spanish Intervention,
three times the English Intervention, twice the
intervention Of the Greeks, of the Normans, of
Hungsris, and of Turkey, once respectively.