New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1868-12-12
THE LECTURE SEASON.
PROF. GTTYOT ON THE RARONETER.

PROF. GUYOT ON THE BAROMETER.
The third scientific lecture was delivered last
evening before the American Institute by Prof Guyot
OF the College OF New-Jersey Princeton at steinway
Hall. Subject: The Barometer"
rudce DAILY on introducing the lecturer said Ladies
and gentlemen the third lecture OF the will be de-
Iyered this evening By Prof Guyot the Barometer
You are ALL suppose aware that the Professor Is one Of
fine ,post distinguished II not the most distinguished per
- 49,, hove m mi, country in the Science Of Physical
Ceo--apbv We are indebted TO him for life devoted TO
nortant and interesting questions In that connection
We owe 10 him the preparation Of tine best physical mans
that we have upon ne Two Is in ro,.rcncct n, |
,o nCf ,rt Se iUbabir the relations on men upon ~
which are OF the highest importance ana bt,is
affords me, therefore, ladies $d gen.,ei t,,dce mis-
OF the Institute very great pleasure 20 III IOu"'' ~
distinguished gentleman to you lApPause r o,rtI, is
composed OK various elements. as they are Gsuai 49,
the sohd the liquid, and the iseous-tt,fe ery
states Of the same NATTER which have neVertDtess N9
different functions in the whole system Oh VIC go
considered one great whole, On tiG sou f,rU,,
OF life, whether Of plants or alimai5. - III
the solid ground that man Is DEVELOPED ana CIV T
there alone he can ind all the elements Tor MS NOtk
the water, which covers nearly trce-iuarets Oh tn
whole OF our globe, found oil the Org9hisls, Vi ~
least most OF them which cLaracterled by ING IoH
grade OF organism. 10 H. therefore, m THIS sense iOWel
element aud nevertheless as YOU oil Know perleCy IL
dspeusable TO life The third. the gaseous ATMOSPHERE
which surrounds both, seems To DC equally Necessary lo
both; and both and plants, Elgn ana low al hee
that oxygen Of the atmosphere 10 give power anu
motion, and it Is from that, most emphhucaIy 10, G
al the purposes Of our globe, th1t We aGlNa er
derive, 10 great extent, the motive poHtIa
necessary for lOcOmOton. because from respiration
Comes mai heat aud an the power necessary for mo-
ton We see therefore that this third clement Is ~ no
means uumpOrtant, though II - not furnishing Iuc o
elenent-inOt furnishing precisely the same materials
which are necessary for bodies but 10 furnshe,
motive power Tor aulmatng the whole. IL Is WIN SI'
atmosphere that we have especially to do this evening
It il mo grand rrceutacle Of AN tine physical influences
which are both outside and insice OF .onF slOue HuV
affects to great extent tho nature Of the Organl-
yaff Of
al that relates TO the atmosphere lhese Iuiit
ences are sometimes spoken OF under the TILE
OF climate Tic weight or density OF air. the anos-
pLere l. the great element ~ the investigation Whch f
have before n 10 night ~ measured by means ~ the IN
sfruueut which we know the barometer. Inc atln0s
phere is indeed simple garment Tor the |hole gloue au
apuareutly very thin since It's total hight ~ ir ~
en- be estimated is no than As miles above the level
OF the sea- and the lower, first three miles ana h
contain than ono half OF the total weight Oh h
atn!Osulere IL is within tas tim or lower part
OF tho atmosphere that all Important l-hcloi'
going on ma TINS globe OK ours are per'Oimea
mis- atmr.plpre would be repg scltCd on globe OF IS
feet in diameter. by dimension Of not more IMAM Two
inches and set all that important on our globe taxing
place I'm thar part ont 10 come now To our subject OK
tie barometer; barometer means an instrument 20 iAt
TIE weight Of air II Is composed az TWO Cree VOL
meanigg the weight 81 the atmosphere or air. JAi ir
seventeenth century i was scarcely believed except ~
TOW scientific minds that u was Composed o. ie ,.,
atoms and Ties away soon rs 10 s Iree ana not co
tcracted Oy guuauon. Aristotle tired IN the o.4eA
times experiment IN order TO ascertain Ni..'He.
there was weight the air or not ana the EXPERIMENT
not being vel done failed; aud &c agclIAs ny, 5"c
seventeenth century aud indeed uilI t1e tte",
came was that the air had not any weight Gt all IL IS
due % Calico TO honor Inn with the dl3c9t'
arv III the fact that tie air has Welgh''
He explained tie flct thar water IN wells
when pumped ont would not rise beyond certain r' 10
TaHIe tube and filling /, WlA lLgl uEJ "lg l1 o. 7'
stance III times heavier than water -sc-I ana r. -
this Tube into cup OF mercury 10 IL was iouI0 tLa s
mercury would sink dowu-nOJ down aI.o-etAtt 20 w.
bottom OF the water, but stopped az JllIiy lcIe WIN
Oh level With The sea. and there was le o.tuetl '
vented. The portion above is lice rom mater a. vas
"A vacuum as fr as vacuum can exist ana tle paAa-
tom of Tarrocc that Of the MASTER that tue at
Would push up to that hight OF TIE barometer or the
mercury In the tube because the TOP par, h4ius 20
counterpolsc or weight upon IT, e N,Ols e. =. ~.
a,mospLerc would be impressed ~ the column oi mer
curry And tDat Is true We hn1 therefore, lLc olk.ai
Instrument very simple indeed .hd the Que Niei I,
orsrated 10 an eyes that the ar had weight ~" |
sides gave Us the area and measure or ul.
quantity Of weight whtA was Tue Toeycrry
which, il you suppose % Is one square men ~ uAletet
Instead Of being fraction ~ an men, NSuu go ~
about fifteen pounds or little less on eagu llte iu
Tor the weight Of the ltuo sphere. lhs, I
original lnstrun eut, which dItefWalbe Wa "
We md simply 10 measure of the baromerical Ltht 20
measure the distance between tte mercury ~ .lo
called the bagomorc hight and an conty@hceS OF w
barometer are slmply 10 M,aslEe Win tc,'5 g l @
ference ~ level between the inetct!! "e ot we go
and the mercury Oh ton OF The cup Now various l'll-
meuts have been invented s'ncc 20 naAe tHe D'loe
more convenient a1 10 apply pc 10 N"4lo-' iu to'.
It may De well 70 give 9h l@.a 90
fhese CONSTRUCTIONS before We proc,fa sny ~ S,
This simple form OF the barometer p ~, ,
Il has varied by the scale BY means OF which the
ured; but the appAcauoh OF thla 7..'e vi. no.
tie true difference foc, on account OF INC FaIl- 1'
fsv,is viii have changed below well tho Other /
above We must bring TIE scale 70 Jcich lle (
surface below, and measure tho surface ao'Fr' I
The lecturer then showed the audience the tih'rf-J
barometers IN use explaining tle lttu.ies, lu,,I.s
aud d. fleets OF each He thought that tie Best haronet-
now in use wcu those which are mace Tor ooarfldtOts
,r a. iudIspeu abeWhcte DO % necessary 70 allow Tor
even thousaudth lart Of a. inch. lie SAD thtl tt
irsrufcut4 which Dec hal had th' P'ufc az luu u,s
irt1 Ibis country behalf or fAc cui-uiili .l-li
-. rov- generally considered Tie BEST 0s well as nc
mos, convenient iog spurtatou. Irni Hu!ti showed
one oil these observatory bllumeters 10 the so1ls,
g.. vrrv desirable that there should be q ba-
rouctcr which could pc catttu -.'.t Nl .L,t'
danger OF breaking aud that tLlS one met lI1. ltiu
mont more fully chan any other. IN cohltui'l"' "
if1rr sod tna 10 was we'll 20 boil The mercury Do the
tube Ola barometer, so that the ar ana Llts
h. rairf After n.Iutng 20 two or three other NaFe-
e of the barometer lookup the subject Of tie yaa-
tiaus-bOth regular and Irceguar-iu the harOmetic
hlgbt: stating that there was yearly monthly tty'
and even hourly Auctu1ton inc uuli wave OF lid NC.
ulrrr rising highest iU the morning about ocl't ucH
FALLING. rising again in the evening, tl about l0 ococA
and again falling during the nieut the dlA,leuee u..
tv.cen tbe maximum and tue minimum being
tons might DO called great tides, the lirteh1.
variations tidal waves, the barometer faluIg ana
very rare These irregular variations predominant
IA our ATTITUDES, but die ont graduaE - We HlpiOu
the tropics attitudes these variations are mostly
connected with change or weather. lot AcN leso5 gu.
people get dissatisfied with Their Oarometes, ana accuse
Them OF lying But they tell what they pnrport 70 tel
the pressure Of DE athoSphefe, ms pressure oe! en- ~
copnectcd with changes OF wind, aud heat and an Tue
elements OF climate. In conclusion, Iiu4 Nu1"t ni'-
cusged the fundamental laws which regulate Amos
rc changes ard described IN detail the progress OF
cyclone revolving STORM Illustrating MS remarks "
frequent reference TO diagrams
ROBERT Won SCHLAGINTWEIT on THE
HINIALAlAS