davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-09-09
A GREAT SENSATIONAL GOOD sENsA.
TIONl

In 1s47 the great grand principle Of stopping the
most excruciatiug pain in an instant, without en-
ploying such dangerous agents as Chloroform,
Opium, Morphine, Acontine, Ether, &C., was first
made known in
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-09-09

Which not only combats and eonquers diseases
that have entrenched themselves in the system, but
is the best known safeguard against all unhealthy in.
pursuits pursuits subject them IN nj to the depressing ef.
fccts of close, unwh I U olesome atmosphere,
should take il regularly protection against the
low fevers and other disorders which malaria engen-
ders. Individuals who are
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-09-09
A REMARK BILE UREl
SORES ON TIE TONGUE, ULCERS IN THE
THROAT, SORE GUMS. SORE AOCTH
SORES IN THE NOSE, AROUND

If recently exhibited, few bottles will cure. II
chronic, or through the effects OF Mercury, Potas
SUM, Corrosive Sublimate, from six to one dozen
bottles may be required to make permanent cure.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-09-09

that ever since the people of the United States threw
off all subection to the British Grown, the privilege
and trust of suffrage have belonged to the several
States, and have been granted, regulated and c'n-
troIled exclusively by the political power OF eaca
State respectively and that any attempt by Con gress
on any pretex whatever to deprive any State OF this
right or interfere with It's exercise, s hagran usur-
patton Of power which can find no warrant 10 the
constitution, and II sanctioned by the peo-
ple will subvert our form of government and can
only end In single centralized and consolidated gov
rument in which the separate existence of the States
xvu be entirely absorbed and an unqualified despot-
ism be established In place OF FedeTa Union Oh co
annal States: and that we regard the Reconstruction
acts fso-caedl Of Congress as usurp1tons. and un-
constitutional. revolutionary and VOID; tnat our so
ers and sailors, who carried the nag OF our country
o yictoly against most gallant ana determined zoe
m ,st ever be gratefully remembered, and all the
Guarantees given their favor must be fntn1uuS
carried into execution. -.
That the public lands should % p1S Ss Ss
v;dey as possible among the people, and should oe
d,mosed of either under the pre-empton OF nome
stead lands or sold in reasonable quanoues anu 10
none but actual occupants. at the minimum priSe
established BY the Se neoessa for the
rrouraoement of important public improvements tne
proceeds of the sale OF such land ana not tne iaiuS
themselves, should be 30 appled. .,m
Th n the President Of the United States. Andrew
Johnson In tercisng the power of hls high once IN
resisting the aggressons Of Congress upon 5ne con
sluioaal rights of the States and the people ls en-
ME cnd An Behalf of the enocra,ic party we tender
hin our thanh for his patriotic efforts IN that re-
gard ,,roo, =,
every patriot, including all the conservative eie-
ment and all who desire to support the constitution
and restore the Union forgetting al past difference
of opinion, to unite with US in the present great
ali s h 20 whaeYer party they may have heretofore
belonged. we extend the right hand Of fellowship,
and hsil all such cooperating with Us as friends and
brethren.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
Prom WASHINGTON.

WASHINGTON, Jan. %.
The House Committee on Foreign Affair,
to-day aathorixed General Banks to report
his bill rslative 10 the rights Of naturalixed
citizensIin foreign countries.
SectiQn first places natnralized citizens on
the aamb foetinG n native born citizens whila
in foreign countries, and empowers the Press
ident toIuse his inauenceto secure the recog-
nition Of the principle maintained BY our
Government.
Sectidn second provides that in case OF the
seizure Of naturakzed citizens, whose release
shall be helayed, the President is empowered,
BY way Pf indemnify, in case OF refusal, to
order the arrest and TO detain in custody
any subject Of foreign governments who may
be within the Jurisdiction Of the United
States.
Section third proposes that this shall not
apply to any person who goes to foreign
countried to engsgein belligerent movements.
The Reconstruction Committee to, dAy
agreed ID report bill taking away the ap-
pellate Jurisdiction Of the Supreme Court IN
cases arising under the reconstruction act
The bill, iii should become alaw, would
apply to the McArdie and other cases in
voly,ng slmilsr constitutional questions
The Secretary Of State is advised to-day of
the execution Of treaty between the United
States and the Republic Of Columbia, for the
construction Of a ship canal scross the Isth-
mus Of parien.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
'TROM MEXICO.

NEW YoRx, Jan. %.
Further Mexican advices slate that Gen.
senlosg has been reinstaied to his civil
signis.
The contract 10 construct the railway to the
Capital, via Jalapa, has been ratified.
All-degrading punishmenfs in the army
have becn abolished.
Slight shocks of an earthquake were felt
throughout Mexico on the 30th.
The Heratd's Havana special Of the 22d
sa5s. We have further detail. of the news
from Mexico.
seat on the bench of the Supreme Court
had been rendered 10 Senior Maiias Romero
who was still undecided as to whether be
should return to Washington as Minister, or
remain in Mexico.
Congress seems Inclined to force Minister
De Segada, 10 givd up either his portfolio as
head Of the State department or his
seat in Congress.
The extraordinary powers which President
Juarez had surrendered to Congress in his
inauguration hare again been authorized by
Congress for limited time in yies Of the
Yueatan troubles. A secret session was held
III which the publication Of manifesto. de-
cIarirg that the policy Of the majority in Con-
gress, was approved.
There we're rnmor OF an appropriation Of
1900, to erect monument 10 honor of
tne Mexican independence.
Congress has lately been string up tie
English company holding the concessions to
finish the railway between Mexico and Vera
Cruz.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
FROM SAN FRANCISCO.
SArFRAScrsfn. Ian q

SAs FRAScIsoo, Jan. %,
The Central Pacific RAilrQsd Company
propose to push forward their line energeti-
caliy across the Plains this year. They have
organized force oi ten thousand to carry on
the work through Humboldt and Central
counties They also have two corps Of en-
gineers surveying the ronte between San
Francisco ard SACRAMENTO, intending to COM
pete the connection between the two cities as
soon as possible. II is the intention Of the
California and Oregon companies to COM
mence work on thair road early in the spring.
in San Jose county, and they expect TO COM
plete the extension Of the road to Gilroy be-
fore next harvest. The other roads are SUR
yeyed through the Russia river country, And
work will be commenced in the spring.
Late Idaho adviees report that terrible
snow aud wind stotn passed oTer the country
about the drst Of January
The indians are tired of warfare, aud ex-
prsssa villingnessto 60 on tbs Reservations.
One hundred have recently settled on the
Reservations.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
FROM DEs MONIES.

DEs MONIES, Jan. 23.
In the House to-day bills we're introduced
TO compensate county superintendents for
school services; to enlarge the State Univer-
si; si.r; .e te .h planting aaa.; ef
and vineyards; To forfeit The rights and lands
Of the McGregor i Western Railroad Com
pany; to elect and qualify township collectors;
to grant the right Of war to the United States
for = canal at the lower rapids, TO provide for
the payment BY the State Of nnpsid claims Of
the First lows Cavalry,
Resolution we're offered to inquire into
the matter Of the claims Of settlers on Des
Moines river lands.
Ths suffrage Sesoiutions were referred to
the Committee on heconsiruction
A resolntion against the consolidation Of
railroads Sas adopted.
An injsncti0n sgainst the Chicago, 3. i 4
E. Railroad has been granted, which ordArs
that tbs defendsnts ID this action hs enj0insd
aAd restrained IRON nakins OF entering into
any ccntr1eta asreemenes or tblitsslona on
the part Of such g. II. /. 4 r. Railroad coms
lpanyto extend The rpAd. and aid Ia bsildisk
alay roAds frun q beyond Des Moines, Iowa,
and the western limits Of Iowa, and from
creating any liabilities - NJ pass ef ssid
company in respect theFetA.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

BALrlsoRE, Jan. "a.
An immense meeting vas held last night al
The Hall Of the Maryland Institute, on the
subject of the rights of American citizens
abroad. The meeting was irrespective OF
party. Letters were read from heverdy
Johnson. of Maryland. and Senator Conkling,
Of New York. Speeches were made by Sem
ater Wilson. Of Massachusetts, and Hon.
Charles E: Phelps, of Maryland.
JACKSON, Miss, Jan. %.
10 the Convention yesterday the commit-
tee appointed to memorialize Congress to
give The Convention power to remove State
officials, submitted the majority and minority
reports. The msjority state the officials are
rebels, and that justice is not done the loyal
people, The minority say that il i iaexpe-
dent to grantthe power asked q present, as
they think the new bill before Congress on
reconstruction will remedy whatever cvils
there are, IL any there be.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
FROM sITKA.

SAY FRAxcnco, Jan. %.
A late Sitka letter gives an account of the
progress Of settling the country. Tho inter-
ference of the authorizes with the customs OF
the Indians created disconsent among them.
Notwithstanding the wiuteE season, many
strange Indians are appearing and disappear
ing; some come from Victoria, others from
Fort Simpson, fofwhat purpose is not known.
1t is expected "a the Russians remove the
population Will become Americanized and af-
fairs change Tor the better.
General Davis has issaed an order that
whatever articles of provisions an Indian
wishes to sell must be exposed in the market
place. In many instances the Indians have
been detected violating the order, aud have
been arrested and their liquor con6scated.
WhereupoB the whole tribe would appear at
headquarters and demand their release, and
if refused they would hold council Of war
at their Lodge, and the chiefs would make
sngry threats.
This is queer place-snow and hail
storms which last several days, and the ther-
mometer as low as ll0o below freezing point
most of the time.
The nniavorable weather prevents the pro-
gress OF the city improvements AZ designed
by the engineer, but some buildings are be-
ssg erected
A billiard saloon, restaurant and pawn
brokers' shop have been opened.
There have been numerous burglaries and
brutal prize fights.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
F0REIGN NEWS.

BosTos, Jan. %.
The Trdrelfsr contains a corresponding;
dated Shan Rhae, November -, ~a.eh give,
the iollowiag details OF terrific explosion il
China:
News haR Just reached as of terrific ex.
plosion in he Chinese arsenal at Wenhnnn
opposite Hhnkow. The loss Of life ha. nc
been definitely ascertaiseG. tas some persons
ssainase i As high as 5000; probably 1000 ii
nearer the number OF killed and wounded
No Europeans hurt. The shock was dis.
tinctly heald at Kinkiaug, one hundred and
twenty miles distant
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
FROM DE HOMES.


DIS MoIxEs, Jan %.
Among the bills introduced in the House
yesterday were the following: Limiting the
value Of homestsaAs exemps from execution
to 5000; for aboiishing the Distinction be,
tween naive md foreign borg citi2ens; y %
tAthih 81 MHaal School. Some sharp SPAR
ring occurred on the liquor question.
The committee to visit the State Institus
tons were instructed to- exauise inte 4he
treatment Of children 1t the Davenport Home.
In the Senate the following bilh wsse In
troduced: For the protection OF trees; for
prohibiting Supervisors from becoming ssre-
lies for County of6cers, and to ameud the lasl
relatiSs 70 read taxes.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
BY TELEGRAPH.


RY TET .EGR APH.
sARTERH0ON DRSPATCMEa.
I,a4est Nevs fror w..A,notor
Dim HeAuY0 20 k1ghtS OF Nat1kAl-
=
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
d H. d. h. HILLS,
KRoxuK. IONA.

nFFIcE-Corner Biondsau and Fourth.
Fourth.
1peetalsH IN le Treatment n Tie Heart 5Ayeaf ana
1dsnss, HaA Dlseasa pseaisay % Hcaea q chldrea,
- Ladies Who msy prsfsr to esnaait - n M fss,
asaes. 10 regvsd TO themselves children can d. 70
during the sternoon Ct russaays and Frtdsys fiane
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
L.aJNY ran S.aLE.

IN she Bntie efstes District Ccnrt for the dtrct
Iowa In the matter Of the sstAte of sorge ~ Jss
seston. sur wing partners 9 the late firm Of
sea,eu Sons, Bansrupfs.
NOTICE i hereby g.sn, tA.s me - day 81 reb
~ rnafy, as O'clock p. M, In front Of TN
Co-rt Hoass door In the city of sokuh Lee 0onuty
Iowa Will seil subject to say unpad txxea that ms,
be due there The follouinr he.r1
property q the above estate, % wit The k NM ar
Sec. ? Tp 6s Ranes p uest, and tas sr Il. i. hi Il
" qr Bee q ". 81 Range II VEST both sitaate 10 De
catur COUNTY Iow& HIRAM kNDNbEE,
..an1S-d-A Assignee Of said Esfate.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24


ITS CASH RECEIPTS
The past ysar larger than ever before.
Its cash receipts the past six months large
than ever before during the corresponding
period.
1ts cash receipts during the past thres
months larger than ever before.
lite cash receipts in January larger thar
ever before.
Il employs the abiess writer's in the country
Il pays more ffr its weekly contribution
than any other THREE religious papers IN
the country.
1t discusses bo ldlJ and feariessiy al reli.
gious. moral and political topics
Its writer's are chosen from all the leading
Christian denominations.
1t aims 70 be 4 champion for truth and
equity.
Ii is unsectariar, and earnestly seeks chris
tan union.
Us prospects tdr increased usefulness and
prosperity were never 50 great as now.
Its expenditures the coming year will be
far greater than ever before.
twill have mote special departments than
ever before.
It will have more religious news than ever
before.
Twill sAksa decided interest Ia the coming
twill earnestly see. the moral, political,
Of III. nation, ;rrg.pec,ive Of race. colo. or
condition.
II will a;.cn.s freely al, financial matters
from /. b;.h ma-,1 .,ans,o;,.
II nr,,, ;p,;,, ,bs, every e,g.eene,,, and oh
l;g.,;on Of the eo.n,rv shall, be nromr,l, me,
v;,h .ola :. ,vrees
1,.;ll onno.e upser ,ra.sn, ,;rcnm.,. nea.
.0v further contraction of III. correncv.
Twill 70. be iu hast. to give political DOW.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

Vet Assets, 4,3OS, 20l ~
l'isnssl Lu1usJ. agsD1A. Pres
JsGo0DNuw, Sec.
subsesibsd ard swoss to before ns at at Hartford
coun-, tnts fitss a.y of January 1893
fexn.sj x0Hf ST u DAY,
IN .tioe Of the feaes.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
H. n. EN.E YCK.
G. |ERAL INSURANCE ACT
SecOMd-sSf., Ke0kWk,
TUAEA ATT
- ZEE sospafos 81 TEE
EThI INSURANCE c0MP'I

YIN SAnuSr1 1sts ASOSs
Nsle to the Andtnr sf The STATE Of Tesa pursusn to
tas statztes o. HAT State.
NAME AND LOCATION.
The pams es The conrasy 4, .ErsA Insurance
COMPANY.
Tia Company Is located al Hartford, Connecticut.
CAPITAL.
Tbs assoast Of its capital stock ~ THRKR MILLI0S
DOLLARS, ssd Is psia ap.
ASSETS TAI Market Falue.l
Cash hsnt snd IN Bank eel 81
fesi T. zSa os1 Sd
A1ft&af& bSLas..-- esu sSp Ge
NAEk Stocks .-..,.l 1s1 &ia %
Esittt F,atss Stats ard City rtork and oth-
Public ss3 iTs IS
ASH 5t3 50
Total LlxflfEes +ek zse sS
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
LIMITED STATES MARsHaI,s SAIL

LIMITED STATES MARSHAIiS SALE.
- Bf virtue Of sp-c,ai xeeuton TO me directed
Issued from the Cisks 0s cf lhs pstrrs Court Of ID
United States for the s;riet Of Io~a ssathtyn Div
sion at Kesknk, will snacd by said writ ex.
pose TO sale ~ putiic aueteE 10 Hsre oonr
q. Iowa, On HsaEsstsy, Fshrussy sth. 1858, at 10
o'clock q a. Of said dAy, the stesmbost Hiram
h,ice. her msch'nsry, furniture, tackle and agpa
rs also barge lohn Doyle ard wharf to high.
est aod best bidder ar cash. 10 sasssy decree
in saif Court information OF ilsl pesd.ux 10 said
ffss stsAmbaat HIRAM Fries e a. sss The tibeils~s
q. ". CLARE
Us, u. for the stats Of lows
isnzi by II. FuIsoa, Deputy.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

IF You want really choice Tse = yeFy less
: ,...ss .rss-'sss f''-'' seu1sslsG ! AsssaA
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

HrLLrsEuY EoSEET 1EEAcHEnY
Mrs W Bowmsn...st st--bet Main Blondeau.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
BLANK BOOKS,
Day Books, Journals, Ledsers,


RECORDS, RECEIPT Il CASH BOOKS,
All Sizes and Styles Of binding.
Pass Books, Notes and Dfaits,
Memorandurns, Copying Books,
Diaries. Drawing Books,
Writing Books, Scrap Books, fable.
Composition Books, Bills psyable& 4 receiv-
Anything In lire 10 be procured In the American
or foreign markets, nrn shed At short nofice ana
m,rufaefurerss OF importers prices
- -. = .AA nisx iii do well 70 examine
this stocA before s-sceg an3 orders received through
the mali 1iu recsiss the careful attention OF expert
enced clerks
100000 Rolls Wall Paper,
All grades for sale low to the wholesale ana hssa'
Tra4e.
PRINTING PAPER.
rntng Paper Of all sizes. At mill prices
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

JEW LLN lFfSI dofbt
s G Bridges i Estes House
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

wOOLEH GOODS.
Main aA--hak kth 4 q
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24
KEOKUK DIRECTORY.

ATTORNEYs.
Moosf Knowles. ohnson st-Ain Fspfsf HOUSE.
W Colins. .....-Second strsst.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

God Pens, Pencils, Pocket Books.
S G Bridges. l l. 2 Estes House
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1868-01-24

NE Ws DEPOT
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1868-10-31
HXcursien to CHICAGO.

The Young MeA's Christian Association Of Of
tawa, has arranged for the dst cheap excursion, Of
the season. The train will leave Utica, Ottawa
and Marseilles at the usual hour Of the morning
accommodation, and return 1T S:1S, on Thurs
day, Nov. 9TH 1868, thus giving the whole day
in Chicago.
This will be the last opportunity offered this
autumn of going to the Garden City and return
for the trifing sum of $3.50. Tickets may be
had at the Drug Stores, and it will be advisable
to secure them carly, as the number of cars is
limited. and no more tickets will Be ssld than
there are accommodations for passengers.
Tis association has fitted up fne room for
the young men of our city, and during the cold
months of last winter expended considerable
money in relieving the poor among US. Funds
are needed for the same object during the winter
now approaching
Business men, pastors, teachers, all shouldIfeel
sufficient interest in this society to aid its un-
dertakings. We hope that the public of this
county will see to it that the Young Mems Chris
tian Association does not fail in its lsudabe en-
deavors for want of liberal support
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1868-10-31
Truth In a Nutshell.

'TaR BEST Is THE CHEAPEST" is motto
which should especially be remembered by all
when photograph or any kind of likeness is
desired. After dear fafher, mother, sister, bro
ther or friend is gone forever from our sight, a
good Likeness is a joyous and treasured memento,
while on the other hand a miserable picture of q
living or departed friend only produces feelings
of unpleasant regrets, with only the tgiHing con-
ISOLATION, to wit: that .fgs Or .ss cgets was saved
by patronizing an inexperienced artist with
poor facilities, who could well afford to have
made . more liberal reduction for the privilege
of experimenting or practicing with his sub
iectsl Persons wishing g993, permanent and
truthful pictures, should paseo4i4e Bowmans
popular and reliable photograph gallery at Otta-
wa.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1868-10-31

The Rev. A. CLEGHoRE. late OF the North
Baptist Church Of New York City, commenced
his labors pastor Of the Baptist Church OF
this city last Sunday morning, by preaching to
a full audince Mr.. c. made very favorable i'm
pressien. Fine figures Of speech and sonorous Pc
RODS appear indeed not to bo in his style, but he
finds plain words quite sufficient to declare the
whole duty of man"-to awaken the careless,
slunbering professor of christianity, and arouse
the uncOnverted to the Importance of turning
from the error Of their way. He gives earnest
of being HCe man and sincere, devoted christ
ian; and as he enters upon his work in this COM
munity, let US all wish him God speed.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1868-10-31
Our Public schools.

There having been good deal of inconve-
nience experienced in oar public schools for
want of some standard time, known to the whole
city, by which the opening Of the schools could
be regulated, an arrangement has been effected
by which one of the church bells will be rung,
giving the whole city the same time.
In the morning, the bell will ring for five
minutes, beginning at s n o'clock, and again for
five minutes, beginning at five minutes of 8
o'clock.
In the afternoon, the bell will ring for FIVE
minutes, beginning at / o'clock, and again for
five minutes, beginning at 25 minutes past /.
1t is expected that the new school building in
the 9th ward will be opened on Monday next
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1868-10-31

Passing by the establishment of the new firm,
Bernhard & Lutz, We we're surprised how they
were filling up their stock They must surely
expect lively trade, if they want to dispose Of
all their notions, children's plsythings of all
kinds, some of which are Of the most extrava-
giant fancy, and last but not least, their musical
instruments, fddles, accordsons, melodeons, or
gans and pianos, which they have in great
variety.
As Mr.. Bernhard is = practical musician, and
has selected all these instruments himself, peo-
pie will find it to their interest to examine his
stock before buying elsewhere.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1868-10-31

IMPORTANT AUCTION SALE.-On Thursday
next, Nov. 5, Mr.. r. 7. A. Alberty will sell at
auction, on the premises, his beautiful residence
property in South Ottawa The property con-
ssts of four full lots, on which are erected good
dwelling house, barn. carriage house, carpenter
shop, well, cisterns, &C., and the grounds are
we'll stocked with shrubbery and choice fruits.
The ground slopes gently towards the city, and
il capable of being made as handsome residence
as can be found within miles of Ottawa Mr.. A..
having entered into business at Marssilles, and
desiring to concentrate his means immediately,
will sell without reserve, so that the occasion
doubtless offers fair speculation to the
purchaser