The New York herald., 1868-10-31

ncai States there are In Italy lT4 600 men living nv
ne altar: Inere are aa1,vo engaged IA protecting
lat 900 oiiicehoders 520, 900 servants and sos 600
paupers leaving about nine ana quarter millions
consist for the most part OF women, children and
elderly persons.
Industrious than was generally believed when trav-
ellers, who only went there 10 study pagan ruins and
Catholic monuments, called IL the i.nd oi the dead.
1t has certainly great work To perform * IL would
reach its past greatness when Its artists were also
the promoters ollts great works when Michael Angelo
furnished plans OF fortincaiOas and when Leonardo
da Vinci made Its canals na igabie invented artii-
cial meadows. and ancipang the architects OF Chi
cago undertook to raise the Cathedral OF Florence
SO as to give IL greater elevation For long Time
itaiy had the monopoly or invention; put, torn To
pieces by the two great enemies who contendei
iOr ~ since the Middle Ages-the Chircn and
tne EInpire-and who afterwards COMPROMISED
w out It's territory into small states leh
ness, OF which the educational statistics give com
pete iaea. IN 1884, when the new regime was
put ,ao ops,nra;ton iour,fs OF the population,
he'enteeh unions out OF TWENTY-FIVE were unable
TO read or WRITE The shadow OF ignorance deepened
gradually from North TO South. In Piedmont.
already transformed by dozen years OF freedom.
ls per cent OF the people were ignorant OF the alpha
bet in Lombardy, 81 per cent; in the Duchies aud
Romagna, 80 per celt; in the Marches, So; in the
Ombria So; In the NeaDoiitsn doniInions, ss; in
Sicily 90 and in portions OF that island o. When
Victor Emanuel entered into Naples there were in
that populous city OF from four to i've hundred thou
sand people only ~ schools open, attended by 1000
pupils. The teachers were all priests as required
by royal decree. At present there in the same
city l6 asylums. where 1000 children are provided
for, and i'll schools, attended by 1000 pupils. A
instruction obligatory, but the law Is unpopular
and cannot be enforced. Nevertheless, Italy has
bsss sssSss Il RoaaS 1G'0ssn sas AUSTRIA to ss
mental and company schools In the army
We're attended in 1868 by s6755 soldiers.
tive propagandists OF the ideas which they have
picked up, and looked upon with suspicion by the
Old women and with admiration by the young ones.
who listen eagerly to those bronzed men VINO have
travelled 40 much, talk 80 well and know everything.
the nencs so whs inc sa army taas m gains the the Church
ing power There was tlme and not long ago,
when the priests were more advanced than the gov
erning powers: when Austria and Naples did not love
the Church, treated Pho Mono as JacObln and per-
secuted the clergy, whose influence on che people
TO good monk the padre Rocco. that Naples is in
debted for Its first street lamps which had their be-
ginnags in the lamps that he caused to be Lit before
The various images OF the Virgin. This Is type OF
all the primary instruction in Italy, which was only
so many small lamps burning for devotion sake, but
which nevertheless rendered the night less dark.
The recent suppression Of religious corporations
has affected but slightly those engaged In the work
OF education OF which more than 200 seminaries and
over 600 schools are still open and well attended,
In regard to the higher walks OF lea ming, Italy
possesses IS universities 2l0 public libraries 81 sci
servatories 13 museums OF archaeology, IL societies
for the preservation and illustrated description Of
tory 20 fine art aud musical institutes, &c., SO that
1t is not from the want OF the ngner ORDER OF intel
lectul cultivation tnut Italy Suuer5S IL IL lTOm O0
The postal arrangements Of Italy have been en-
braced in the general movement OF reform. They
now employ as many as SO steam vessels. The NUN.
ber OF post Offices has been tripled. In 1868 there
were 900 Of letters and 53.0o0o00 OF printed
documents carried In the malls. The telegraph lines
have been largely developed and their rates reduceds
despatch for distance OF fifty miles costs twenty
double Se that sum II The attention Of the @
Is gwen to making Brindisi the great port OF the
Adratic, as It is most opportunity located to enter
into the great movement Of Eastern trade when the
Suez canal will be In operation. =
The snip building business In italy Is very active.
sates.j In 1852 there We're but ffty-sx ship yards
which launched 215 vessels, with tonnage OF 25,z7f
TONS In 1856 the number Of ship yards had increased
to nDety-one and that OF vessels launched to 675,
with o tonnage Of 59,522 TONS The vessels arriving
In and departing from the ports OF Italy In 1868 were
to the number OF 2l6,074. Its merchant marine On
the st OF January 1851 was composed OF ninety
steam vessels and 16,707 sailing vessels. Its naval
power consisted OF lnety.oae vessels OF which lour-
twenty-five sidewheel steamers, eight sailing YES.
sells and twenty-five transports -
At the close Of 1857 there were over 800 miles o.
railroad open In Italy. At the close Of 1870 there win
be nearly $500. The railroad which unites France
which u to pierce the mountain Ii tw0-thirds COM
pleted.
where, and first Of all in its legislation The provn.
cal and communal laws are the most liberal that can
exist in monarchical countries. The provinces have
sort OF local selfgovernment and the munlcipalis
ties are elected by direct suffrage.
The code has c0nsecrated civil marriage. what
be the religion Of the parties, though they
should be priests or nuns. Woman enfranchsed
may inherit and bequeath property. SUGGESTIONS
are equitaby distributed. In case OF nestates the
rights OF the relatives are recoCnized-even those Of
ilegitimate children. Literary property is recog-
nlzed by law. There Is progress also In political life.
The number OF electors has increased from to
100000. Every citizen who pays tax and who can
read and write s elect0r. Italy endeavors by her
schools and By her taxes, to make suffrage uni
yersal.
What Italy has done OF late wears proves that she
has oil the vitality necessary 20 accomplish that
which remains to he done. To rest, to take breath.
to economlze her strength to continue her work, 70
improve her credit and, above all, to maintain hec
liberties Is the task before her Those liberties have.
In short time, given all Italy to little Piedmont;
they w sooner or later, give to Italy the last pre-
vince that she still lacks