The New York herald., 1868-05-16

yet during the brief exercise OF power by tat gem
eral this Is the second violent and agrant Dreach Oh
the mandates of that document. BY TINS decree'
cited above the executive branch OF the government
constitutes itself into accuser, Jury anu JUDGE anu
without hearing defence pronoinces the cruel anu
degrading sentence recorded. Peruvian experience
teaches that TO initiate persecution Is ultimately to
suffer defeat and the victims are always regarded
by the people as heroes This government has vio-
! lated the constitution, but there was some excuse
| for the adoption OF the measure; the pub
| lie safety appeared to warrant the sum.
mary exile OF several political aspirants !;
but now, when Colonel Prado and the
other officers mentioned in the decree are in
foreign countries quietly enjoying rest and tranquil
lity after their hard and unfortunate campaign the
government has not the slightest pretext Of right in
taking step which, under every aspect, is unjust
and unconstitutional.
The government recognizes the victories Of Callao
and Abtao, but ignores the time of their occurrence
and the men who, by courage and perseverance,
crowned the country with such impeIishab'e aurels.
This act by appealing to the sympathes of the nation,
VIII raise Prado AMI his chetains to higher place
tnan they ever have occupied In Peruvian affection.
The report published in the New York papers re-
garding the two envOys despatched by Peru and Chi
TO SPAN to arrange terms of peace has no fOunda-
ton in fact. The rumor causel great degree of
astonshment here and afterwards very general
ridicule.
The condition of affairs between Spain and these
countries Is still beicose state Of exists but
no active measures are being adopted. In fact, dur
ing Pradros a lministratiUn the principal pOr OF
Peru were put in very good defensive order, the
squadron greatly improved and somewhat strength
ened and considerable attention given to tlcry
practice. Chile ortiiied VaiparasO and bOu glt a
number OF river steamers in the United tateS, which
were pronounced useless for belliyerent purpO 'es
after their arrival at Chile, and are now being dis
posed OF at auction by the Chilean government.
Spain keeps her squadron at Mon evIde0 ready for
any onslaught which might be made by The aied
forces but is equally backward in taking the ohen-
sive.
This state of affairs will probably cont nue.. The
war with spain nov costs Pera nothing and is eX-
Gel ent party capital while Spain spends a number
OF her few doub0Ons In the expenses OF u squadron
so far from the base OF operail supplies There
is doubt, however hat the countries willing
to accept terms OF p ace. The public honor is oVi-
sidered satisfied and commercial in erests have been
alecfed by the unerOus ira sles OF Peruvian Il
Chile n vessels to foreign 1ags. 1t is gen rally
knoNA that the government Of the United states Is
still actively engaged in endcavOrng to procure the
arrangement of an arnistce which would eventually
lead to definite peace 1t Is almost positive that
these republics VIII consent to such angement.
Great preparations are now beng made @ for
the reception OF the remains OF Grand Marshal Cas-
tilla who died in the early part of 1867 while Or
Gani2ing revolutionary movement AGAINST pra 10.
The iron-cllis lndeptndenca and Huasc' AMI the
gunboat Tumbez are a. leave Tor Arica aDUut he st
OF May with a commission Of prominent pc. sons on
board. Arriving at Area, the remains of the Marshal
are 10 he eNhuned and lorinav delivered over %
the Admiral and the conniiss rhe "a % Ton
tnen returns 10 CDOrflliOS, ana there the UOuy re-
poses IN state until the preparations in Lima are Al
concluded. Chorlos owes its existence almost
entirely 10 the MARSHAL and consequently the land
lug takes plce there. In Lima the whole garrison is 10
line the streets through which the procession passes
aud mnhe guns are to be fired during the cerenou al
from the arsenal. Castillo was probably betler
snown in the UnIted states than any Of hs country.
men, and although many Of the acts OF his lie
TO be condemned, still there IL no denying that he
merits the gratitude and respect Of Pc for the
benefits conferred on his country from time to time
during his long admins ratons N the government
General Canseco is connected with the family OF Cas-
una, anu partly on TINS account the ceremony will
be one of the most splendid ever seen in Peru
TIE y How fever has become vefy general in Lima.
Daring the past week over five hnndaed persons have
persisted under ITS attack and still there are 10 signs
of its decrease. The government has given orders
that thousand rounds be hred every day IN the
with the object of clearing the atmosphere.
This has been commenced, and the W ndows
IN the vicinity OF the firing party have suffered
severely but the plague has not yet succumbeC to
i.s onponent II the measure succeeds the oldest
inhabiiant cf Peru Will be forced To that gun
powder has never been 80 sens'bly employed within
The limits o; the republic. Physicians say that the
peculiar phase of the cyer now raging puzzles the
excessively. inScad vi presenting the usual AMI
general synptons the disease appears to be highly
unpleasant combination of cholera, fever and agte
ttle great. rest of Peru, called te'Ttano) and tue
sufficiently terrifying; and for foreigners no. wei
accn,atel in the country the case is very severe.
Added to the melancholy fact OF being deprived Of
ice IN The hottest s,lnm r known here for turty
years, we consider our situation depor,lDle in the
u
become the condition of the public health that
the ArcubishoD has detailed nuinber of
priests 10 act as contessors 10 the sex an
dying who are always to be in readiness a d
the different religious communities thrVur nout the
city have likewise appointed out Of Their bodies
raj holy iatnsrs, WHOSE s-rvices to he in readiness
night and day. Tie deaths from the fever average
about hly per day, an the state Of the city is so
iItny aud so few precautions are taken by ,he
Authorities, that we have puC little nope OF the speedy
disappearance OF our tefrb e visitor.
Business II almost entir l. suspended, buyers from
the interior hclng too scnsbe to trust the iselves i'll
such an unheathy ueghDorhood. As We tie ravages
caused by the plague nave oecn confined principally
10 the lower classes OF the population, out witln the
last week all social distinction appears to be grddu-
ally disappearing. The course OF treatment pursued
by the PHYSICIANS under tue circumstances Is very
different from that pract,scd in he INIT sd States.
Several highly import tant lectures. delivered by the
celebrated Or. stone. of New Orleans have been
puDlsied In the newspapers here, advocating the
liuerat use OF stnua ants Dut doctors reduce tue
patient to thoroug prostration and he generally BIDS
them farewell.
ployed IN executing In the North the commit. SION
which was coaiided to MN by the government
Great dissatis action exis.ed in mat section IN con-
sequence OF several ri pontnients made by General
Canseco OF persons VINO were extremely unpopular
among he people. Bal,a after having blought 10
Lima the cam n, &c, IRON Chicavo wa ordered
North TO cOncilate the people, and according to last
advices his great preStgc and influence nave accom-
pslied the desired object. TIE couliry NAV now be
CONSIDERED perfectly tranquil ami wil proudly re-
man 80 until the opening Of the session oi Congress
I'm July next. when some trouble Is anticipated, lro
the nuidbl ress petty Jealousies which exist among
the prominent men OF the country.
Mr.. lle1ry Meisgs In Company with MIR. Patrick
Gibson, well Know n merchant OF is.ay, have been
successful il obtaining tie concession IRON the gov
ernalent for the construc ion of the Railway from
Ar qulpa 10 the most convenient seaport, Mcjld.
Tn 3 road VIII lie about one huadred miles n length,
and tue government ,ias accepted tae oifcr Nj.
Meiggs 10 build &c for *l2,OO0,00J. This Is very
large IN TO he extracted from the d"pct govern
ment coneis; but tle cOuu.ry tifous w..ch the inc
will run offers very serious obs aces and obs1luc-
tiOls.
To show the painful effect OF the decree alluded TO
and The corisegu, uccs arising rom rs folly aud
inlsuce, translate one Of the many not ces winch
followed It's pubIcatlOn
-, ex coonc of tae Peruvian army, cxvictor the
2lo. May tuen commanding the battery Maypu, aud hs
from the army roll by the decree - the l.sh
April he his frlei to efnp,oy him honorab
ho ~ Nucu I've may ave bteal 10 his chieren
This sJclNs lOc Itself. But suca Is tle way with
The spanish American races.
ECUADOR