Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1868-05-05

rOauS, under whose direction the ROADS snail
kept in repair, at the public expense, in mod
prescribed by law
Sec 5. The General Assembly. at its frs
session. after the adoption of this Constitution
shall pass such laws as may be necessary to Civ
effect to the provisions of this article. Blu
nothing in this article shall be construed as pro
hlblting the General Assembly from providing
by law for all additional officers in any city O
county.
Sec. g. Sherifs shall hold no other Office -
They may be required by law to renew the
security, and in default of so doing. their Office
shall be declared vacant. Counties shall never
be made responsible for the acts Of the sheriffs
ARTICLE VIII.
EDUCATION
| Sec. l. The General Assembly shall elect on
joint ballot, within thirty days after It's organiza
ton under this Constitution, and every fourth
year thereafter, a superintendent of public in
struction. He shall have the general super
vision of the public free school interests of the
State, and shall report to the General Assem-
oily TOR Its consideration, within thirty days after
his election, a uniform system of public free
schools.
Sec. 2. There shall be board of education,
composed OF the governor, Superintendent of
public instruction, and attorney general. which
shall appoint, and have power to remove for
cause and upon notice to the lncumbents, sub
Ject to confirmation by the Senate all county
superlntendents Of public free schools Thi>
board shall have regulated by law the manage
ment and investment Of all the school funds,
and such supervision of schools of higher grades
as the law shall provide.
Sec 3. The General Assembly shall provide
by law, at its first session under this Constitu-
ton, uniform system Of public free schools,
and for its gradual, equal and full introduction
into all the counties Of the State by the year
1876, or as much earlier as practicable.
Sec 4. The General Assembly shall have
power, after full introduction of the public
free school system. to make such laws as shall
not permit parents and guardians to allow their
children to grow up In ignorance and vagrancy.
Sec. 5. The General Assembly shall establish
as soon as practicable normal schools, and may
establish such grades of schools and agricultural
schools as shall be for the public good
Sec. g. The board of education shall provide
for uniformity of text books, the providing Of
school houses, and such apparatus and library
as may be necessary, under such regulations as
may be provided by law.
Sec. 7. The General Assembly shall set apart
as permanent and perpetual literary fund the
present literary fund Of the State, the proceeds
of all public lands donated by Congress for pub
Of all waste and appropriated lands, of all prop
erty accruing to the State by forfeiture, and all
fines collected for offences committed against
the State, and such other sums as the General
Assembly may appropriate.
Sec. s. The General Assembly shall apply
the annual interest on the literary fund, any
capitaton or other special tax provided for by
this Constitution for public free school purposes
and an annual tax upon the property OF the
State of not less than one mill nor more than
five mills on he dollar for the equal benefit OF
all the people of the State, the number OF chill
lren between the ages Of five and twenty one
years in each public free school district being
the basis of such division. Provision shall be
made to supply necessary text books to INDECENT
children attending the public free schools in
cases where the parent or guardian is unable, by
reason of poverty, to furnish them. Each coun-
~ and public free school district may raise ad-
dltlOnal sums by tax on property for the sup
port of public free schools. Ali unexpended
sums of any one year in any public free schooi
district shall go into the general school fund for
re division the next year. Provided, That any
tax authorized by thi, section to be raised by
counties or school districts shall not exceed five
mills on dollar in any one year, and shall not
ne subject to re-divlsion as herelnbefOre pro
vided in this section.
Sec g. The General Assembly shall have
power to foster all higher grades schools under
it's supervision and to provide for such purpose
a permanent educational fund.
Sec 10. Ali grants and donations received by
the General Assembly for educational purposes
shall be applied according to the terms pre-
scribed by the donors.
Sec IL. Each city and county shall be held
accountable for the destruction of school prop
erty that may take place within its limits by in
cendiarleS or open violence.
Sec II. The General Assembly shall fix the
salaries and prescribe the duties of all school
officers, and shall make all needful laws and
regulations to carry into effect the public free
school system provided for by this article.
ARTICLE TX
MILITIA
Sec /. The militia OF this State shall consist
OF all able bodied male persons between the ages
of eighteen and forty-fve years. except such
persons as hereafter may be exempted by the
laws of the United States or of this State but
those who belong to religious societies whose
tenets forbid them to carry arms shall not be
compelled to do so, but shall pay an equivalent
for personal service and the militia shall be
organized, armed, equipped and trained, as the
General Assembly may provide by law.
Sec. q The Legislature shall provide by law
for the announcement Of volunteer corps of the
several arms of the service, which shall be class
ed as the active militia; and all other militia
shall be classified as the reserved militia, and
shall not be required to muster In time OF peace.
ARTICLE X.
TAXATION AND FINANCE.
Sec. l. Taxation, except as hereinafter pro-
vided whether imposed py the State, county,
or corporate bodies, shall be equal and uniform,
and all property, both real and personal, shall
be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascer-
tanned as prescribed by law. No one species Of
property, from which a tax may be collected,
shall be taxed higher than any other species ol
property Of equal value.
Sec = No tax shall be imposed on any of the
citizens of this State for the privilege of taking
or catching oysters from their natural beds with
tongs. IN the waters thereof; but the amount O1
saes of oysters so taken by any citizen in any
one year may be taxed at rate not exceeding
the rate OF taxation imposed upon any Othei
species OF property.
Sec 3. The Legislature may exempt all prop
erty used exclusively for State, county, munich
| pal, benevolent charitable, educational and re
| llgOus purposes.
| Sec. The General Assembly may levy tai
| on incomes in excess OF 5000 SIX hundred dol
| ars per annum, and upon the following licenses
viz the sale of ardent spirits, theatrical anc
| circus companies, menageres, jugglers, ltlneran
peders and all other shows and exhibitions to-
| which an entrance fee Is required, commission
| merchants, persons selling by sample, broker
and pawn brokers and all other business which
cannot be reached by the 0d UolOrem system.
| Tho pitaI invested IN all hu >InaSS Otara finn