New-York tribune., 1868-04-29

/. The breeding or rearing OF silk worms, called IN
France the art of the maGnaier or sk-worm breeder
grub OF the white mulberry In the south OF France
The spPeilat1n nagnanisre or sa'worm nursery, -
and attended TO from their birth TIL they have formed
These skwOrm nurseries are generally established in
localities or countries favorable 10 the cultivation OF inc
ally the worm is particularly fond also where the tenn
peraure H regular and moderate Nevertheless tDis last
condition Is not indispensable.
1t is replaced articaly. by special means OF warming
and ventilation, so as to maintain, at WILL constantly;
thus be able TO breed numerous little grnbs zone ounce
or thirty grammes contains about 1000 while from
twenty ounces 10000 have been obtained at time In the
same place. This result is arrived at chiefly by watc
ulness in ventilation in removing the viuaed air, ana
The art of the silkworm breeder embraces what Is
called the fabrication of the graine or more eoriecy
| OF the eggs TO be used in the reproduction
The cocoons designed for this function are heony ones
whose ehrSsas or grub is allowed TO be transformed INTO
These mostened, and then the grub opens one Il
the heightened eAtremes OF the cocoon, ana Issues
| from it.
Then the ubs collected by pairs male and female.
to permit fecundaon before the laying OF the eggs
These o0ndts suspended paper cloth, are subse
quently put aside until the following Spring in an at
mosphere OF even temperature, and sufficiently low Ike
This part Of the art Of the breeder so simple appear
ance demands special knowledge great care partc
ularly at this tlne when difficult 10 procure eggs
free from the epidemic now raging among the silk
"a The second speciality in this Industry is the fate
reeling Of the silk from the into the threads
known as slK and composed OF hbers OF certain
number OF eocoons according the Of the thread
required. 1t is most delicate, untwisted product but
wanting In luster on account oil It's containing some 70
3D. The MrOcing OF silk or the process Of putting tho
raw silk into the threads required for the different kinds
It is at the throwing" that the threads are formed
that figure so cOnspcuouEly at the Exposition, and also
IN commerce, under the names OF sshgies, trans, and
There arc also other kinds Of thrown silk known as
mdrqLouts grenadines o1te soc o,,dee &C. when are
twisted differently from trans and organznes Tor specal
| purposes. =,
| each OF these descriptions.
The singles are the raw silk after the first twist:
The tram, yOof Is Qbaiued by the union VI TWO or
| more threads Of raw silk slightly twisted
The oradsne from which generally the warp Is lnade'
| is the result Of two singles twisted together.
product Of peculiar nature frequently used In the
manufacture OF trimmings Ia the Gtgupe ~ composed
oi 1he Or bpca9 thc Interior being Generally Of Indifferent
material aud the thread rolled around IS composed OF
4th The dyeing constitutes an important speciality
quiring the greatest possible delicacy and Skill pure
S6 The Preparation Of the threads for the loom
other separate and essential branch requiring care ana
eth The weaving embraces in Itself alone several sub.
divisions namely II The TsS3S uad 81 Pdn s@ @a G%s sF T
less reh the knitting Of various articles aud the iaDnca
"'' u '''A Tms sPIssISG OF WASTE SILK.
1h The preceding processes yield certain Quantity OF
Tae varying with tho nature OF tho operations ana Tue
qualities Of the products.
This waste is In its turn, transformed from the raw
state where, after having been cleaned from the gnmy
matter chiefly by mechanical means 1t presents close
analogy 10 the stnppings and windlngs of cotton ana
These processes the basis Of great industries which
flourish In England and on the Continent .o.so
The threads thus produced vary IN vaue from so 10 90
francs the klo according to Their nneness hd luy m &
| extent, by American manufacturers - -
EXAMINATION or TiB POSITION OF EACH OF Ihfsb IhDUs
TRns, AND THEIR PROGRESS AS Manifested IN IhL
In the art OF sikworm breeding, the question of hrst
importance consists In the means OF obtaining the PdWcS
OF eggs. Good eggs bear an exorbtant puee lhey are
worth the rate OF 500 francs the 3 ana sll they
cannot nlways bo produced guaranteed against the pre-
| yaillng malady, except from Japan D.. -, .,o .,,o
The States OF South America appear to enjoy the same
At the commencement OF the prevailing epidemic about
their exemption did not continue aitertAe second or td
s that the United states have becn led 10 put
all silk producing countries under contribution.
! Will tie eggs OF Japan and of South America! a. tho
present time much sought after escape tis defene-
facy OF which, despite the numerous Investigations We
az yet, do not know the cause ,o, ,,o ,royor,frc
But il tho cause remains eoneealed' to preventive
"fls' fse ofsa No TG %etSod trsay aded aud recon-
udees aud since il IL the combined result Of great
nersnce aud observation, u will be read with interest m
e countries which desre to encourage the culture OF the
It s Of the greatest Importance to choose FOR repro
ducon cocoOns of the largest s1e, and those te ''
successfully reared and least affected with the maady
during the course Of their development IesG eocoos
fess Of their lrcmltes he nlicnrss 20 TG the
ThS male 65;:5oas iicr Iron tho toriales by :heir
and bTescnt cavity upon their bacb. The latter arc
larger presenting the figure OF an ohye OF inc eSs u
The color OF these cocoons ought 20 Dc Of golden yc
low after collecting, aud should exhibit no spot OF S
In e same breed the heaviest cocoons are IN general
those which offer the greatest chance OF ahofu'Hs 'No
ThenI after having puta certain number Of male CO.
coons on side, aud Of female on the other "eEn % %
nars 10 find the average weight Ol each ana every uo
ihat this average weight is exceeded there is pcuup
ton that excellent cocoons obtained iol repiOducuop
d" II s however necessary to remark that part Of
the contains sometimes ne same go's oi o
coons Cocoons OF an eNcepuOnai ba,h aiv, ~ Svu,
the result OF two ubs united under the saine enIeio
Their product known under the name OF douoes vi
Xxx sort OF product is always inferior as much because
, hds or enyrlones are almost ndyisibc "a because
tie association In the work Indicates NeHhhcss l o
| subject Notwithstanding all the attention and care
yen by the breeder to prevent the production or dou-
bes and sometimes even OF triples re must must t
OF which r hardly one third the price OF the honal pro
Tbero was exhibited In the Exposition apparatus,
contryed by an italian skhusbandma designed 70 pre-
vent these doupPos IN Tue preTs q, w cells made
OF very light wood, each one of which has only the p
necessary for single grub Wen tnesS cnoo m bo instead
of preparing heath shrubs or other kinds OF shelter OF
fupoits against which the worms are 10 epn tlS Al
81 cell spped where each insect has its own separate
case, which prevents two or any greater huhoeF to
The italian exhibitor IL endeavorng tobring into gene
raj use this system OF isolation. or cellular breeding
advantages by the facility which IL offers In the choice ot
the best reproducers, and by preventing the coupling
between grbs OF the same family consapgliy nhNlhS
been considered as one OF the rapid deterioration oi
| the breed. A.. ,....,o.
are made % lay, each IN the cell reserved
Tor her. In such way 10 be able 10 Wegh selata.O
tie eggs OF each laying This weight Is not To he INFERIOR
10 Certain ascertaned proportion, for the eggs would
In order that they may offer good chances OF success
eacl aying should weigh at least GO or 20 granne er
lo of cocoou9 each gamme to contain i'oIo
on average .--- - ....,.- ,,o,,,,
The common sk-wOrin aud ne species mostly I'D use,
and which produces BY far tho best SIX is D9rn h Io