The New York herald., 1868-03-22
l N D l A..
Explorations Towards Great
Thibet.
TIE High Levels Of the Nile as Drained
by the Brahmaputra.
Travels Of Two English Taught Pundits on the
Way to China and Russia.

Travels Of Two English Taught PunditS on the
Way to China and Russia.
Calcutta gan 23) Correspondence Of London Herald]
In Lord Canning's time scientific expedition was
lifted out for Lhasa and Great Thbet, but IL never
started owing to the unwingness OF our represent
ative in Pekin to ask for q special safeguard from
the Emperor. Since that time the government Of
India has steadily discouraged exploration beyond
the border by English officers. Adolphe Schlaqen-
tweit's fate and Mr. Eden's disgrace have been insu
perable arguments, which Mr.. Johnson's successful
raid to Khoar has not removed. Our survey officers
especially have felt the prohibition, which shuts
them out Of Nepaul just at the time when they
are prepared to mite the results Of the Indian with
those Of the Russian surveys. Now that the Nile
problem has been almost solved, and by Indian off,
GERS there iS no part Of the world which demands
Investigation much as Its highest level tracks, which
the Brahnaputra and Its northern aif1uens drain. De-
termned not to be foiled, Captain Montgomere R. E.,
published plan In 1851 for training and employing
natives as explorers. As he then happened to be
gagged on that survey OF Cashmere to the Karakorum
pass which has so won the admiration OF geographers,
he despatched Mussunan into Eastern Turkistan,
who returned with results which were discussed by
the Royal Geographical Society in 1860 Thus en-
couraged he induced Colonel Walker superintendent
q the Great Trgonomerical Survey to procure from
the educational department two Pundits, OF SENT
Thibetan origin, whose names 1t s still desirable to
conceal. They belonged to class who have always
enjoyed the privilege from the exclusive Chinese OF
sae Known own s as apper The es dculties
overcome in training them as surveyors and
TO take astronomical observations may be i'm
agincd, but the result has been well worth
them all. They were desired to make route
survey Of the course Of the Brahmaputra and Of
earowar Lake to Lhasa. Failing to reach Great
Thibet through Kumaon, the two Pundits made the
e osssng sr n1S the s%
town. Arrived at the capital, kathmandu, they
found 1t impossible to take the direct route by Kui
LiIvv
RRocordnsy sSoped
Kirong route but were turned back by the Chinese
sf,cals, who live life Of suspicion although they
Jailed to discover the two large sextants, two box
sextants, prismatic and pocket compasses, ther
nOmeters, chronometers and watch ingeniously Sc
the Pundits was personally known to the Kirong
60vernor, and gave up the attempt.
10 Eepaul and engaged to accompany q Blot mer-
chant, who sent him on ahead after borrowing fl0
Cf him, and never G appeared, Starting, however, on
Pundt wel disguised reached the family house OF
the merchant, told how he had been deceived, and
and from his brother the assurance that he would be
security to the Chinese for the Pundit, who thus
ssacned "a the Tadam IN monastery Thence he Joined
earrowly escaped drowning when he crossed the
Prahmaputra as 1t flows towards Lahasa at ITALIA La
felgned sickness as an excuse for remaining behind
hts party, and then accompanied q Cashmere
81 sad tne ne who was going to Lhasa
monastery Of Jangiache, on the Brahmaputra, here
called the Narchu, place from which there is
nies lower down, near which the Penanangchu falls
INTO the great stream. The Pundlt could not avoid
turner but he greatly feared discovery for although
. Brahmin, he held the belief that the Lama knows
Sne secrets OF all hearts. Here, having reduced his
FUNDS ~ low ebb he made living for q time by
eeschng the Nepaulese traders the Hindoo arithme-
to. At shigatze the great road turns from the
river 70 the south. On Christmas Day the Pundlt
yeached the large town Of Gyangze, on the above
Amuent, crossed on the Ice, breasted the lofty Kha
tcsa % mountains, M and reached the great Yamdokcho
miles only in width. In the centre is q large island
ssonsand feet the water Is fresh, with much asS' H.
very clear and deep, and 13,5o0 feet above the
srms the story that the island is yery large Sr
compared with the lake which surrounds it-'a very
curious Typographical featuren as Captain Mont
Gomerte says From the lake the party crossed the
xhAmlala mountains by q high pass, again reached
ehe Brahmaputra at Khambabarche sailed down to
Ch1sul and thence assembled the tributary the Kichu
eangpo or Lhasa river, In northeastery direction
reaching Lhasa on the 10th Of January 1860. There
the Pundit remained till the 2lst Of April living in
carsvanserai belonging to the Tashlumbo monastery.
He went on one occasion to the Goldan monastery,
two marches on the great road TO China, and at
that he would require an escort OF at least dozen
armed men, and his funds were so low that he again
took to teaching the traders indoo account keeping
with that OF Messrs. Huc and Gabet. He places II
u, 200 feet above the sea. II has circumference OF
contained o population OF 1900 women and 5000
men, besides 800 BhOotea and 500 Chinese soldiers
very large and wealthy temple, Containing idols Of
great price from their Inlaid gold and gems and all
around are the bazaars OF Lhasa, Cashmerce, Lada-
Zee, Arunabad, Nepaulese and Chinese merchants.
The hills around the campagna In which the city
stands dotted with wealthy monasteries, one OF
jurt mile on, lives the Great Lama, called Gewarng-
loo-che The Pundt found him TO be o handsome
boy Of thirteen sitting on throne ak feet high, with
groups Of priests In attitude Of alteration around
1im, and two behind him with bundles Of peacocks'
Seathcrs. On . throne OF half that heighth to the
Chinese Resident, called '.Amban,n but nominaiIy
me Prime Minister. The Lama, placing his hands
e. % the Pundits head asked us your King well ELY, =,
heath after receiving the usual offerings Of silks,
sweets and money. He and his party were then
served with tea, which some drank and Others
poured on their heads The priests placed strip OF
lux knotted round their necks They were invited
and were then % Ths Lama
the thirteenth transmigrat0n; and thirteen is the
last OF series from one Lama Guru
Captain M0ntgomerie looks for political changes
coon in Great fhibet. It Is certainly marvellous that
the Thibetans have notong ago thrown of their real
and the Nepauese theiDnominal submission to Pekn,
especially since all Eastern Turkistan have expelled
the Chinese since 1s63 The bodies Of the preceding
tAmas are carefully kept In collins, and the popular
and nails grow. fhe Thbetans believe that the Lama
Guru speaks soonlas he Ia born, and all withered
che death OF Great Lama s placed before articles
of AL kinds and II he selects those belonging to the
DEAD Lama he Ia at once placed on the throne.
Under the Gyalpo are four Minister'S called "Kaskak, y
who conduct the government But justice is bought
and sold, as In all AsIatic States the Judge being
that one OF the Debang monks who pays the
highest sum. He Is called Jalno and Is installed by
walking through the street with silver stick. He
makes ten times the purchase money exercising his
rule In the most arbitrary manner during the first
twenty days Of the new year. when the priests
hold an assemblage to do homage, called the iMoun
Chumbo;" every house is taxed, and the working
GLASSES dee the city, The Pundit's account Of the
and to the student OF false religions full OF meaning
Only the rich live In brick houses; the only manufac
lures are woollen cloth and fet CATTLE birds and
@estIc cats are plentiful; the dog is very large
Water Ia supplied from wells, although the river
close at hand. A rate OF three pence per month u
imposed on each inhabitant.
December In the great market month, when the
merchants from Darjeeling nnd Ladak, as well q
China and Turkstan, assemble. "1mmense quantt