The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1868-01-25

accounted Tor ty the ErIlutl flec lOr n long distance
IL is n singular fact that the eastern base Of the
Rocky Mountains, near the new city Cheyenne, Is
nearly n high shove the SEA rs the town Of Cisco,
near the summit Of the Sierra Nevada There are
three or four muntain ridges in the Rocky Mount
ain range, wherr the railroad has To cross, that are
higher than te summit beyond Cisco, and yet the
ridges therIs-lye are not very formidable when we
take into account the elevation Of their base. The
difficulties TO be overcome by the Union Pacific rad
are for this reason much less than is generally sup
posed. The gap between the Central Pacific and
Union Pacific, ofabout one thousand miles, ought to
be finished before July, lS70.'
In Europe there are signs of growing trouble
between France and Italy. The feeling of dis
content among the Italians is gaining ground
every day, AMI is i likely to burst out again. The
fact that Ratazzi has been recalled into the Cabi-
net, is omenous of war. He favored Garibaldi,
and is outspoken against the French interference.
Both France and Italy are ripe for a rupture.
The following represents the latest state of the
trouble between them
The Roman question, so far from being patched
up, seems nov more threatening than ever. The
failure Of tie Gariballian expedition has only
strengthened the party of action, and the intensity of
the popular indignation at the intervention of the
French is maniiesting itself in the Italian Parliament
in the most vigorous manner. The Menebrea Cahi-
net has been forced to resign, payment of the interest
upon the Papsl debt apportioned the territory an
nexed TO Italy, has been refused, and it is stated that
a resolution will he adopted, solemuly affirming the
right Of Italy to Rome. These actions virtually defy
France, and render u conflict between the two nations
extremely probable. Poor as they are, and weak & as
they are, as compared with France, the majority of
the Italian people have evidently made up their
minds to risk everything, even their national exist
ence, rather than remain a mere principality If the
French Empire, with a Government that is but a
puppet of Napoleon's will. The feeling was strong
enough in Italy previous to the affair of Montana,
but since that battle when Italian patriots were Iner-
cilessly butcherei, merely that the efficacy Of the
1 ,au E,apci, ia rnirbt no fpStal upap huanap n -1ptS
it has become q eatly intensified, and has carried
into the ranks Of the radicals thousands who previ-
ously supported a conservative policy. 1t is probably
not too much TO say, that France, or rather the
French Government, is to-day rs fervently hated in
Italy Us Austria was before the war in which Lom-
hardy was wrested from her. That Napoleon expects
a collision is shown by the order sending n reinforce
ment of twenty thousand troops to the Papal territory;
and that he anticipates a serious struggle is evident
from his immense military preparations and his
anxiety to force his new army bill through the French
Legislature. He is too strongly committed to his
Italian policy TO allow of retreat with honor, and the
personal and dynastic reasons which render a sue
cessful war n necessity, are stronger now than ever
bcfore."-Sdr Francisco Times.
In England, the Fenian excitement is increasing
to such an extent as threatens to create serious
trouble This state of things has been increased
by the execution of the Manchester rioters, which
has exaspentcd the Irish generally. What the
result will be, no man can predict bat it now
looks as if n state of Instruction or civil war
were imminent. Commenting on the hanging of
the Manchester Fenians, the New York Tribune
says:
The execution of Allen, and Larkin, and Gould is
the most important reinforcement that Fenianism
has yet received. The cause wanted nothing so much
AS "A martyr; now il has three. The people had very
nearly lost confidence in their leaders; they had
ceased in n measure to give their earnings Tor pre-
posterous campaigns and abortiye instructions; their
rebellion was dyinding down into IA sort of guerrilla
warfare, sustained only by the most headstrong and
desperative of their number. Now ii is ten chances
to one if the fame Is not kindled again. Confidence
may not revive, but enthusiasm will; and enthusiasm
with the Irish is the most powerful Of impulses The
Manchester prisoners will inspire their countrymen
with \ bitter hostility toward England by their
deaths than they ever could have inspired by their
lives. Robert Emmett did more harm TO Great Britain
by being hanged than he did by his Dublin insnr-
rcction. If he lad been pardoncd, or simply impris-
oned, his countrymen IN after years would have
remembered him for his failure; now they are ele-
waited and inspired by the memory of his hcroism.
Regarding the Prussian trouble with Denmark,
about the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein,
which led to war a few years since, a correspond
ent, who has been travelling in Prussia and Den
mark, writes US as follows
Whilst at Copenhagen, I heard the following
solution of the Schleswig-H olstein knot, which Prus-
STA found so much more difficult to unite with Vattel
than to cut with her sword. Olitting dates-some-
time in the remote past-the King of Denmark had a
reoellious younger brother, who sought to depose his
elder brother fiom the throne. To quiet the young
rebel the King made him DuEe of Holstein. Sub
sequently the Ieigning royal family of Denmark be-
came extinct. The King dying without issue, n new
King was elected, who by right was Duke of Hol-
stein. But the Duke of Augustinburg claimed some
relationship to the former King of Denmark, and
rebelled against the then reigning King, was beaten
and fed 10 Germany, where he relinquished, for
himself and his successors, all his pretensions rs
Duke of Holste.n in favor of the King of Denmark.
Recent investigations of the claims of the King of
Prussia, rs successor of the Duke of Augustinburg,
have elected tie above facts which, it IS alleged,
Bismarck has not been able to set aside. On our re
turn from Copenhagen by steamer, we entered and
sailed through the harbor of kel, which Prussia
wants for her feet. Ii is perfectly land-locked, Is
easily defended, and large enough TO hold the COM
bined nayies of Europe and no one who has seen
this magnificent harbor can doubt that its necessity
TO Prussia was the real and sole cause of the war, in
which Austria jOined Prussia against Denmark. But
the harbor Of Keil belongs to Schleswig, and was
never n dependency or part of Holstein. SchleswiS
and Holste;n were two distinct Observation-Disclosures
ing States-always so regarded by the Danes, and
designated by tlein as Sehleswig and Holstein, which
the Prussians had tortured or contracted into Sehies-
rig HOiStsia. And for twenty years previous TO the
war the Danes themselves had unsuspiciously adopted
the PrIssian contraction of Schleswig- Holstein.
Prussia is now ready To give back TO Denmark Schles-
wig, for which she has not the shadow OF a claim,
but she will retiin the harbor of keil AS a naval
stronghold for her fleet The inhabitants of keil
acquiesce in the change, as it gives Importance To
their town, employment To their people, and greatly
enhances the value of their real estate"
= Among the latest kilograms will be noticed
an item stating that the Hon. A. Burlingame,
United States Minister to China, has been APP
pointed by the Emperor of China TO proceed as
special Envoy to the western powers of Europe for