davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14

Mr.. Murry, writing to the Farmers Club
OF the American Institute ON the cause OF
apple trees dying, says -
In Southern Ohio, where he was raised
he has known his father, eighteen or twenty
years ago, to gather as many as forty bushels
of apples from single tree, and these of the
most excellent varieties. In the same region
it now takes about forty trees to produce ono
bushel Apples began to decline in that lo-
cality about 1850 In his fathers orchard
the progress Of the disease was quite marked
Bitter rot appeared, and the apples dropped
of prcmaturcy The disease spread, until
finally the whole orchard became affected.
His father hauled muck and put it around
the trees, and straw, and then leaves lie
MANFRED, mulched and pruned, all to no pur-
pose The trees sickened and died. In his
opinion the death of the trees was caused
solely by climate changes.
When large crops Of apples were raised
in that locality, there were swamps and ponds
near the country had been but little cleared !;
the air was damp and humid there were
dense iogs and heavy dews. The same inhu-
onccs which produced rich juicy fruit, like
wise caused ague and intermittent fevers. A
good fruit year was also fever and ague
year. By-and-by the country was cleared up,
and the ponds were drained fogs and dews
were rare, and droughts frequent; the ague
disappeared but the apples grew sick. They
could not do without moisture. Apples are
almost as choice of their locality as grapes
In u timbered country, well watered, aud not
too far north, they will bear immense crops
with scarcely any attention. In other places
they may do fairly, but in a dry climate they
cannot succeed
The foregoing is but one item in the eyi.
dence which is constantly accumulating, that
apples and kindred fruits require humid at.
mosphere, and that the atmosphere become,
less humid and the climate less adapted tC
fruit as the country is denuded of timber
As the old fruit-growing States approximate
| the condition Of our western prairie country
in this respect, they begin to experience tn,
same difficulty in raising good fruit and the
Importance Of maintaining groves of timber
thickly interspersed among our fields is fully
demonstrated; and yet how slow we are t,
heed the warning
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14
Nnrinullural.
This Department is conducted by
Hon. j. w. Colburn and Hon. John Gregory.
e.


Eye.
Land not possessing proper qualities for
wheat growing will often produce good crop
of rye one that will pay well in yield Of
grain alone. Fields also that were intended
for wheat but by some means not prepared
carly enough can be turned to good purpose,
as rye will bear sowing some weeks later than
wheat. If this cereal is not put in until
Just before the ground freezes up il will usu-
ally grow in spring, and many are Of the
opinion that spring rye is made from the win
ter grain by sowing few times so late in the
fall that the kernels will not germinatc, or
early enough in the spring to have the seed
frozen once or twice. Spring rye, however
is not as profitable a crop as the other the
straw being lighter, and the yield Of grain
less.
We should by no means advise farmers to
SOW late because a crop will grow thus treat
ed for there is q particular time when each
and every particular variety Of grain should
be planted, and for rye, that season is from
the first of September to the middle Of Octo-
Der. II viii do well ON nearly all kinds OF
land, even on sandy or stony hill-sides, but a
light porous soil produces the greatest crop.
Rye for table use stands second to wheat
here, bat in some countries IL the ayoito
article of food. It is better for winter than
summer use, as it contains more Of the heat
producing element than wheat, but the two
are better used together, as the lattor contains
much more Of brain and muscle supporting
material.
No straw can be put to such varied and
profitable uses as that of rye; its length
makes It a good material for matching, it is
used for bands, for hats, and when cut and
fed TO animals, with meal or mddlugs, is
worth nearly as much per ton as hay. 1t is
superior to oat or wheat straw, and for horses
some even prefer it to hay.
The amount sown per acre must be govern
ed By the use to which the crop is to be put I;
for spring grazing or as a green manure two
bushels is none too much, but where it is to
be harvested, from one to one aud a-hali
bushel should be used as with wheat, condi-
ton and strength of the soil materially va
ries the amount of seed required 4 heavy
growth may be fed off in the fall or early
spring and then a good crop Of grain receiy-
ed, but the latter is the proper season, as the
feed is usually more valuable at that time
than any other, and besides the full growth is
required to give protection to the roots dur
ing winter.-Ohio Farmer.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14

Farming is a trade and man has I,
learn it, however much he may know tn,
knowledge must be applied, and made III,
mans business. He cannot learn it in day
but must expect to improve constantly.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14
Ia GENTS WANTED

n For Matthew Hale smiths New Hook,
O. NSHfNE aHa 81 nor IN VEN fORk .
lfyon wish 10 know how Fortunes mndc, and Lost
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Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14
ALIENS NEW WORK On
4 MEXICAN CATTLE

4 \ Thfn Hitforg Breciipg and MlialsusHf
By LEWIS r. ALLFN, prcs't n. y. state A1ric Society
thur0ul h, practical and systematic Treatise by the
highest American authority on the subject u BE- The
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cd. Price a. SD. We'll bound.
AGENTS WANTED
TO sell ALLEN's AMERICAS CATTLE IN every township in
the United Stntcs. Send Tor Circular md territory
TAiNTOR BROS, Publishers, G7s Broadway \. Y.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14
advertisements.
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WITH PATENT tNNiloN fhhh
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our Neir Illustrated C0esir, tof nitysix hook pagcsJ
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owner and sawyer. will be sent FREE on application
To plTkIN BROCK,
N0utuclior VI.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14
~ SEND IN YOUR ORDERS. -R7
A MEXICAN & FOREIGN PATENTS,

r, H. EDDY
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS.
Late Agent Of the s. Patent Office Washington under
the act Of 1887,
No. 70 state Street, Opposite kihy street, Boston
After an extensive practice Of upwards OF twenty years
continues 10 secure patents In the United States also in
Great Britain France and other countries. Caveats.
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No Agency In the United States possesses superior c
ues ior obtaining patents, or ascertainng the patent
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During eight months tho subscriber in tho course O
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TESTIMONIALS
81 regard Mr. Eddy as ono Of the most capable and
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~ Commissioner Of Patents
have no hesitation In assuring inventors that they
ana more capable OF putting their application in form
70 secure Tor them an carly aud favorable consideration
AZ ue fhtent Office. EDMUND BURKE"
49,. . Late Commissioner of Patents.
ar * II, Eddy has made for me thirteen appllea
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ana mat Is the one now pending. Such unmstakable
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honvINpi1 ShafEes' JOHN TAGlIART.n
jan l. loo9 9ii5
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14
hew ADVERTISEMENTS.
DARTRAM g. FkNTON

ID ELfSTIC-STfTCB SEHING MdCHiNEs,
For Family and Manufacturing purposes
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az AGENTS WANTED n every city aud town IN
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Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14

II Haven Conn, Limited to ten pupils. Fall term
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Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14

AGENTS WANTED FOR
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ihd hom they Lirei Fought and Died for hc Un9u trti
Scenes and McdeHt in ne Grelt RebetoHn II contains
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Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14

Certificate giving complete DESCRIPTION articles e
be sold qr one Dollar viii oc sold at the rate of TEN
CENTS EACH.
For ciab Of TAbiy, and sIoo,
The person sending can have their choice of the follow
ug articles a. thor commission. ~ gi-t' 1on9n gee
castor Quilt Enrratcd silver Spoon Holder Pain Ladies'
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breakfast shawl Whto Linen Table cloth .ct of steel
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one dozen la,sc -'te Linen iowcir' tu.l ia'mole'
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Ladies' Solid Gold California Diamond Ring cent Pain
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Dor a enc O., sirly, and 5000,
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For emo af one hundred, md $1,000,
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Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1868-10-14

Certificate diving complete DESCRIPTION of article. Z,
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The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-11-17

The proposed constitutional amendment
which is TO confer the elective franchise
upon oil male citizens of the United States,
of all races and colors, will at least give the
party press something about which to rea-
son and write. ,a t.a
Outside barbarians had supposed that the
fourteenth constitutional amendment cover
ed the whole ground, and was settlement
of the question of suffrage. This amend
ment provides that each State shall regu-
late the suffrage for ITSELF subject only to
the condition that it should have no Con-
gressional representation for any class of
persons excluded from the suffrage. For
example, the total population Of this State
is. about 000-consisting Of 400, 600
blacks and 100000 whites. If South Caro-
lima were entitled to seven members Of the
United States House of Representatives ac-
cOrding 10 this total population, she would
lose four-sevenths of her representation, or
four representatives, if the colored people,
by the State laws, were not permitted to
vote.
This gave every State the power, as it
had the undoubted right, to determine the
qualifications of its voters; but it protected
the freedmen in providing :nat the repre-
sentation should be reduced in proportion
to the total number of persons excluded
from the elective fran ohise.
But the left wing of the Radical party is
not satisfied that the States should have any
reserved or discretionary power, and seem
determined to endeayor to crush out the
little life which the States still possess.
They may succeed, but they will do the
South no harm We have already universal
suffrage fastened upon US, and it will do US
no harm II colored men vote indiscriminate-
ly from the Pole to the Gulf. -
One great object of the movement is, Of
course, to debar the Southern whites from
amending the State constitutions so as to
take away from the negroes the voting
power which they now possess. The Radl-
calls know that the white people will control
the South in few years, whatever the con-
dition of the suffrage question, and they de-
sire to take the whole matter out of the
hands of the States, l. e., out of the hands Of
the white race. But in no event can they
harm US to any great extert; for the white
people will soon have political power,
under the regime of universal voting, as
complete as though not one colored man in
the South were allowed to cast vote.
Blood will tell, and the political force given
the freedmen will be, in the end, an ele-
ment to give the white Southerners greater
political influence than they ever had be-
fore secession, war, and all the vexations
of emancipation and reconstruction.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-11-17

advice to General Grant. he informs the new
President that the chief object of his admins
tration will be to enforce the doctrine OF un;-
versal suffrage, and to that end the sloyaF
people are ready to hold up his hands. He
commends the Generals ''chsritable judg-
ment and generous treatment to the South"
but is very bitter in his denunciation of the
Democracy for claiming that E"the nation
should again put under the feet Of the wicked
white men, who had taken up arms to destroy
her, the forgiving and magnanimous black
men, who had taken up arms to save her!"
The blame of the REBELLION bears upon North
and South alike, says Mr.. Smith, and he is
happy to know that General Gran. also accepts
this belief he closes his letter with saying :
81 like to believe that the motto of your ad-
ministration will be: "A mans man. The
spirit of such motto pervading our land will
make it land of peace. The white man and
the black man will be at peace with each other
the North and the South; and this peace
because founded in unchangeable nature in
stead of shifting human expediency, in the
Divine constitution OF things instead OF human
and conventional arrangements-will be q
thorough and permanent peace. scarcely
need add that the identifying of your admins
tration with the sublime and Christian doc
trine OF the oneness Of the children OF men
with the sublime and Christian doctrine that
every man is every other mans brother, and
God the common and equal father Of them all
will not only make ours the hlppiest nation
on earth, but will make it to all other nations
surprisingly grand and influential example OF
casting down the barriers Of race and setting
up in their stead the law OF impartial justice
and the reign of fraternal love-"
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-11-17

make, for our purpose, better farm hands
than can be obtained from Ireland, Eng
land or Germany -
There is no diminution in the quantity Of
land. in the South, but half, at least, of the
productive population is gone. The negroes
have largely decreased in numbers, the
women and children have been withdrawn
from the fields, and many of the able-bodied
males have removed to the cities and towns.
This would naturally cause labor to be dear,
if the area of land to be cultivated remained
the same, 80 that, if we would make labor
cheap and keep it cheap, we must reduce
the area to be worked below the quantity
which could be cultivated with the laboring
population which is at our command Thls
will lessen the demand for labor, and IN
causing the negro to seek for employment
will give him correct understanding OF his
relation to his white employers, and his de-
pendence upon them.
AS. long as the white farmer is deter
mined to cultivate large area poorly, IN
stead of small area thoroughly, he will
be dependent on the freedmen, and will be
obliged to pay high prices for poor work
But if he adopts the small farm idea, and
cultivates one acre where he now cultivates
two or three, he will require less labor to
do the work well, will obtain that labor
OF low price, and, from amongst those
who offer themselves for hire, need take
only men who have proved themselves in
dustrious and worthy of trust. 1t is USE
less to try to carry out in 1868 the system
which was successful in 1858. The men
who will not bend must break. There is
neither patriotism nor common sense in
clinging 10 the shadow when the substance
is destroyed, and the man who is ready to
adapt himself to the changes wrought by
emancipation in the agricultural theory and
practice of the country, proves himself
more intelligent and more truly devoted to
his State than he who would allow the whole
South to become howling wilderness,
rather than admit the necessity or propri-
ETY. of moving out of that beaten track
which slavery had made as pleasant as it
was profitable.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-11-17
Southern Agriculture.

In an address recently delivered in Vir-
ginia, Ex-Governor Vance, of North Caro-
lima, uttered some plain truths, which, how
ever unpalatable they may b: for time,
will gradually steal upon the minds of men
until they are accepted as tho bases of the
Southern agricultural system of the future.
Taking emancipation as fixed fact, Gov
ernor Vance observed that the new order
of things strikes deadly blow at the sys-
tenn of great farms which prevailed, and
still prevails, in the South. The tendency,
already visible, is to break ap the vast DO
mains Of the Southern planter into small
farms, which, with increasing population
and agricultural knowledge, will again be
divided and subdivided as the demand for
land improves.
This ''small farm system is the one really
practical method of restoring the South to
prosperity. There is a natural pride in
large estates, and natural objection TO
breaking up large possessions. But the
circumstances which warranted great es-
tates, and which placed the wealth and
power Of community in few hands, are
wholly changed, and with the altered con-
dition of affairs new system of property
owning is necessary. Instead of our prince
ly plantations, there must be hundred
homesteads, and as tine country is more
thickly settled and wealth is more evenly
distributed, the South may become richer
and more thrifty than ever before.
But while we Concur in what Mr.. Vance
says in regard to Disadvantages of small
farms, we are not disposed to admit that
the change will necessarily make negro
labor useless. If the negroes refuse OF
neglect to work, their places must be filed
by the white man; but while they are will
ling to work for moderate wages they will
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-11-17

new YORK, tuesday, May 1.
UDoLPHo WOLFE ESQ.,:
DeGr Sir-The want Of pure Wines anu Liquors
dclnal purposes mas been long iet pS the pro-
iesslon, and thousands OF lives have been sacrlhced
Cy the use aduerated articles. Dclll1um tremens,
aud other diseases D. the brain and nerves, so rife
in this country are very rare III Europe, OWING III
great decree, 20 the difference in the purity OF the
spirits Sold
We have tested the several arti.lt imported and
sold by yUu including your Gin, which you sell un-
der the name of Aromatic Schedam ScDnapps, which
We consiler Justly entitled 10 the high reputation it
has acquired in this country; and from your long e1-
pelienre foreign importer, your Bottled Wlhcs
and Liquors should meet with the same demand.
Wewould recommend you to appoint some OF the
respectable apote carries in different parts CT thr city
as agents Tor iha sale OF your Bran lies anu Wines,
where he profession CAL obtain the same when
needed for medicinal purposes.
Wishing you success in your new enterprise,
We remain your obcdient servants,
VALENTINE MOTT, NJ. D., Professor of Surgery,
University Medical College. New Yo;k.
J. NJ CARNOCHAN, ". d., Professor Of Clinical
surgery, Surgcon-ln.C Chlcf to the state Hospital,
&C., No. II East SiXtecntL-strect
LEWIS A. SAYRE, NJ. r., No. 19j Broadway.
n p. pE WEES, NJ D, No. f9l Broadway.
JOSEPH WORSrER, VI. D.. No. In Ninth-street
NELSON STEELE, NJ. D No 81 Bleeker-ssreet.
JOHN OREILlY, N. D., No. $50 Fourth street.
D. I. RAPHAEL, n. D., Professor OF the Principles
and Practice OF Sur cry, New York Medica! Col
lege, &C., No. 81 Ninth-street, and others.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-11-17
Msetmas.
OF THE WIDOWS

"WEDNESDAY OF THIS WEEK WILL BE The
w First Anniversary of the Opening of the Con.
federate Widows Home Broal-street. he occasion
will be commemorated at-the Rooms OF the Home by
Addresses from several prominent clergymen OF the
city, by the reading Of the reports of the condition OF
the Association and other exercises Those who re.
member the intense interest which characterized the
opening meeting last year will Iced no appeal to In.
duce them to be present at the first anniversary.
The exercises will begin at Eleven o'clock A NJ To-
Mor-o,o, the 18th instant, and all Interested IN the
effort to umeliorate the condition Of our stricken ones
of the war are invited TO be present
November II