The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-07-07
e u n O p E.
FRANCE.

rent, Not ReaI-Inhaeucing Causes During
Twenty Years-The Men Of the Moment
The American Principle.
PARIS, June D. 1853.
Europe has been the seat Of such great events in
the history OF the world and Is still the centre of so
many influences affecting its progress, and Its sur
face is so diversified by natOnaities In close contact
separated by no visible barriers. yet speaking DIFF
ferent languages and with different laws ana GUS
TOMS that the educated American who visits 1t for
the first time is bewdered by its multitude OF sub
jects OF interest.
II disposed to enjoy himself he finds many incen-
tives to pleasure. The cheerful aspect OF the cult
waited public grounds in and around its large
capitals the open air amusements of its people, the
military concerts free to all, the gaiy dressed
throngs and the troops Of children OF all ages
play ing around the statues and fountains OF the
public parks combine with the brilliant display OF
magnificent shop windows and splendid equpages
TO impress him with the idea that he has entered
region of perpetual delight, in striking contrast with
the busy workday life he has left behind He has
around him crowds OF people, but no coniusion
much eating aud drinking, but little or no drunken
ness great apparent enjoyment, but no bolserous
expression; and both men and things seem har
ANONYMOUSLY adjusted 10 each other as ii their action
was the result of a law of nature. Further observa
ton however, soon shows this society so beautiful
in It's exterior be highly artificial ana divided into
classes very distinctly organized, but from which,
nevertheless, vice and suffering are not excluded.
Hospitals and prisons stand by the side of churches
and palaces, and While many OF its customs areJust
tic reverse VI those OF America, Others are so similar
that the interest excited is quite as great 10 know
why, being so nearly alike, they are not the same.
Pleasing, however, as 1t Is 10 observe these effects
OF the difference of race and religion upon the habits
and fixed institutions OF people, the interest - very
greatly increased when the effort is ma lie TO anayZe
its political action and discover the principles in
uenceS that nave contributed to produce particular
events
Montesquieu has said that mere custom, having
its origin In an accident, has sometimes influenced
the policy OF a people, and through il civilization
more than principle; and "a men as frequently act
from passion as from thought 1t is not so much by
reasoning and philosophy as in the observation Of
facts, oftcntmes in themselves trite and apparently
insignificant that the true spirit on the age Is to be
found This reflection although made with reference
to the past history OF nations Is applicable to the
task Of writing OF contemporary European events that
give it as an explanation in advance of whatever
IN letters may seem trivial or disconnected.
will write and describe men and things from Paris
standpoint but as the increased facilities OF ill.,
tercoursc and telegraph have centralized the effects
OF events happening In every part OF Europe WILL
in order to give correct view Of the influences con
trolling the policy OF France and the other European
governments, take wider field OF observation.
IL was remarked twenty years ago that the three
great Powers Of Europe had each a mission in the
age. Prussia gave the raw materials OF thought,
France carved them into ideas and England made
them practical. The province OF America, 1t was
added, was to improve on them. While 1t may not
be possible to designate in this way the particular
contributions Of different nations to civilization is
certain that 1t Is owing 70 I'll, the fact that
Of all of them than 1t was twenty years ago
that must be ascrbed the increased importance
interest between nations. The rapid growth OF
democratic opinions, the great extension or COM
as in Germany aud Italy, are influences at work in
European society; and, although not always visible
on the surface they manifest themselves from time
c%s saa os 4as II e sSSe Sfg2a Fry
stroem, who has for years conducted with signal
ability its foreign affairs, has been Obliged 10 give
| place to one Who as Minister to London and after
| wards to Copenhagen, Is warm partisan OF closer
| union between the three scandinavian nations.
The public men who, in Europe, best comprehend
| the movements OF events and are most sagaciously
availing themselves Of them are undoubtedly Ma
poeon Bismarck and Beust. They have studied 80
they seem rather to individuaze than TO represent
them. and their pecuartes OF habit and thought
ens Me e at se e.
is fortunate for the world that these three great men
sincerely desir0us for peace. Diplomatlsts have
sometimes been supposed to cloak political pur.
pose under an open dsavowal. but In the present
case everything leads TO the belief that the govern
! ments OF Europe are anxious for peace. Such are
the jeaousies Of the people, however that II 1t were
question for universal suffrage there would be I'M
Beust In recent speech to the representatives of
the teegraphlc interest from different governments
assembled at Vienna, said that It was his great de-
sire Ito preserve and consolidate peace the pre-
cious guarantee Of O better future" adding ~ know
no nObler mission than to work necessarily for Its
| accomplishment" General Moltke, the Prussian
COMMANDMENTS Chief, who, after the battle OF Sadowa.
| when chaflng that his army should be checked by
to The sates Of Vienna is reported to have said that
he "as ready to begin with the French as he was
able to conclude with the Austrans and to whom
Bismarck replied, at Is well TO be OF with one war
before commencing with another" has also just made
speech at Berlin, strongly endorsing the wisdom OF
peace policy In France the organs or the govern
| expression,
| how trivial the occasion on which any OF the En-
they never fail to make it the special gio1 OF the
empire that its existence guarantees the peace OF
Europe" Disraeli In his late mastery speech at the
dinner given him in London at the Merchant Taylors
| Hall, gives his testimony In these words:-"At no
time In the history Of this country has the prospect
OF continued peace been more favorable than at
That there are now larger and better equipped
armes On a1o' hur nca aaan an nienon So
| to war. but that the fact ID considered by many
as the result OF q fear OF war the best safeguard
against the aggessions that might otherwise produce
| war; The public Indebtedness Of France and Aus
tra places them also in sort under bonds 10 keep
the peace while Prussia requires time TO adapt her
legislation to the Germanic Confederacy, OF which
she Is the head, before committing herself ~ the
Providence too, seems to favor, by the promise of
fine crops abundance az well az peace. The Mont
te,~ announces that the grain crops are unusually
large at this date. In the rich plains Of Hungary
and Italy y Ia the same and the only apprehension
rNlrOdu IdCltioD bnOuIu DC
to get the crops into market.
The Steamship Line 70 South Americn-Tradc
and Travel to the La Plata and Pannma.
The Paris Deonts Of June ~ writes on the subject
OF the proposed bill for creating French steam
packet service the western coast Of South America
between Panama and Valparaiso. The writer does
not intend, he declares, to touch the financial ar
rangement OF the measure as he leaves that point TO
the confederation of the legislative body He merely
desires TO point attention 10 the fact that between
the two places In question and comprising stretch
Of coast extending over i've thousand Kilometres
g. 125 milesl there lie two States already possessing
a considerable commercial standing, and which are
improving rapidly,--namely, Chile and Peru, Dor
dered on the south by the ruitfulprovinces OF La
Plata In the centre OF Bolivia and ON the north by
the states Of the Equator and New Granada, and
adds:-1hat territory comprises, leaving out OF ac
count the vast empire OF Brazil, nearly the whole OF