The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-08-23
nasmuch. as the persons and the pro,

fore It was the right OF parties c0ntending Win
each other to attack each other IN the Chlneee WA
ters, thus making these waters the place OF their
conflict This treaty traverses all such aDsuru pre-
tensions. 1t strikes down the dangerous socaiied
concession doctrines under which the nationals, OF
whatever countries located upon spots 0i lano in
the treaty ports had become pace tas,r ey vouu
tiOnas not only OF the persons anu property Vi ther
| own people, but also take jurisdiction over the
Chinese and people OF other countries. When this
question was called under discussion and referred
| to the home governments-nOt by the Chinese
originally but by these foreign natiOns-1t was found
that their treaty rights being abridged by these
concession doctrines, and distant foreign countries
| could not stand discussion for a moment. And
| aver that every treaty Power has abandoned the
concession doctrines, though some OF their
own officials at the present time undertake to
| Chinese and undertake to expel the Chi
nese and to protect the Chinese those concession
places as II the territory did not belong to the Chi
eminent domain. She has never abandoned on
those spots OF territory her Jurisdiction, and trust
down all concessions Of territory. Again. this treaty
recognizes China as an equal among the nations in
opposition to the old doctrine that because she was
not Christian nation she could not be placed in the
roll OF nations. But will not discuss that question
There Is the greatest living authority upon Eastern
questions here tonight. (Cheers.) Mr.. Gushing has
studied that question: or the for that oppos
ton, more fully than anybody else, while his heart
has leaned ever up to the side OF the Chinese: say
China has been put upon terms OF equality. Her sub
Jects have been placed upon the footing OF those who
are the most favored nations, so that now the Chi
man, the Russian and Prussian and everybody else.
And not only is that So but by the consular clause
In that treaty they are given diplomatic status by
which these privileges can be defended. That treaty
strikes down all disabilities on account OF religious
faith II recalls the great doctrine OF the constitu
ton which gives man the right to hold any faith
which his conscience may dictate to him. Under
that treaty the Chinese may spread their marble
affairs under the blue vault Of heaven and worship
the spirit that dwells beyond. That treaty opens our
public institutions to the people Of China That
treaty strikes down and reprobates-that Is the
fAl fhn in M nlta frnI
tains the great law OF 1862 drafted by Mr. Eliot, of
Massachusetts, and pledges the government forever
to hold that trade criminal. While it does this it
recognizes the great doctrine that man may change
his home and change his allegiance. While 1t strikes
at the coolle trade 1t Invites Tree immigration into
the country OF those sober ana industrious people by
whose quiet labor we have been enabled to push the
Pacific Railroad over the SUBMITS of the Sierra Ne
vada. The great crops OF California, more valuable
than all her gold, have been gathered by them. am
glad that The United States had the courage to apply
her principles equally. l am glad that while she
applies her doctrines to the swarming millions OF
Europe she is not afraid to apply them to the tawny
race Of Tamerane and Genghis Khan. tApplause)
There Is another article which is also important to
China. II has been the habit OF officials in China to
lecture the Chinese to what they should do and
what they should not do; in fact to prefer almost
demands and say when they should build railroads
and when they should build telegraphs; and, in TACT,
there has been an attempt to take entire possession
of their affairs This treaty denounces all such prac
tees. 1t says that 1t Is for the Chinese to determine
when they will initiate reforms when they will build;
when they will refuse to build that they are masters
of their own affairs; that 1t Is for them to make COM
mercal relations provided they Shall not be in viola
ton OF the law OF nations, within their own terri
tory. i am glad that that Is In the treaty. But
while the treaty expresses the opinion OF the United
States in favor OF giving to China the control of her
own affairs, 1t assumes that China is to progress
And it offers to her all the resources of Western
science and II asks other nations to do the same.
The United States have asked nothing for themselves
and am proud OF it. am proud that this country
has made treaty every line of which is In the pre-
sent interest of China and in the resulting interests
OF all mankind. l am glad that the country has
risen up to the level with the great OCCASION am
glad that she has not asked any mean advantages
such as weaken one people and do not exalt another
respects she feels secure When she feels that the
telegraph and railroads shall not be instruments by
she will come out of her secusion and enter |
upon course OF trade the importance Of which |
and the amount of which no man can compute. The |
irst thing for her 10 have is security. And thus |
treaty gives that security. II places her broadly
Inder international law. know this treaty will be
attacked You Will wonder at IT, 1t Will be attacked
BY that spirit of the old indigo planter in
ndia which resisted the English reforms. 1t
win be resisted by the spirit OF the old
BY the men who opposed emancipation in the East
Indies. But Notwithstanding all this, believe that
that treaty and the principles Of that treaty, win
right, 1t is founded in justice. Believing that the
members OF this mission, feeling confident OF the
recttude of their intentions and Of the policy of It's
provisions, do not esteem what respect they shall
receive in the countries to which they CO. but they
address themselves fairly and fully to the spirit
detained you too long-Cres OF mo, no." and
go on'')-permit Inc to thank you and to
have listened to what have had TO say. thank
you for your personal illusions. feel deeply CRATE
full for them thank dear old Boston for her grand
OF good will lCheers.) thank the
Amer lean people the American government, that 1t
has placed the great question beyond the reach Of
ing said this the mission will press along the line OF
its diplomatic duty to other fields Of effort. (Con-
TO the next sentiment, "The Commonwealth OF
Massachusetts, his Excellcncy Governor Bullock
responded. The substance of the response was
published in yesterdays HERALD.
The Hon. Charles sumner was the next speaker.
He said:-
The necessary result of the present mission will be
TO make the countries which II visits better known
to the Chinese and also TO make the Chinese better
known TO them. Each Will know the other better
and will better comprehend that condition OF mutual
dependence which Is the law OF humanity. In the
lations among nations as In common life. tins is OF
infinite value. Thus far, fear that the Chinese are
poorly informed with regard TO MS. | am sure that
We are poorly informed with regard to them. We
know them through the porcelain on our tables,
with its lawless prospective and the tea chest with
its uninteiligibe hierogyphics. There are two pic
lures Of them In the literature OF our language.
is IN PARADISE Lost" where Milton, always learned,
even in his poetry, represents Satan as descending
his hight
OfSercana, where Chinese drive
With SAILS and wind their cany wagons light.
The other is in that admirable address on the study
VI law VI UdllOils WHERE Slf James
Macintosh in words OF singular felicity, aludes TO
the tame but ancient and immoyable civilization OF
China" IL Will be for III now TO enlarge these pic
lures and to I'LL the canvas with life. do not know
II II has occurred 10 our honored plenpoteniiary
that he Is not the rst stranger who. alter sojourn-
ing in this distant unknown land has come back
with messages 10 the Christian Powers lie Is not
without a predecessor in his mission There Is
another career "a marvellous as his own I refer to
the Venetian Marco Polo whose reports, once dis
credited as the fables OF traveller, are now recog
niZed among the sources Of history, and especially
OF geographical knowledge. II In the latter part
OF the far away thirteenth century that this enter
prislng Venetian, In company with his father and
uncle, iourneyed from Venice, by the way of Con.
stantinople Trebizond on the Black Sea and Central
Asia, until they reached that golden country known
"a Cathay, where the great ruler, KupIai Khan
treated them with honor and employed young Polo a.
his AMBASSADOR. This was none other than CHINA and
the great ruler was one OF Its Monaghan emperors.
AT last the Venetian, with his companions, was dis
missed with honor and riches, charged with letters
for European sovereigns, as our Bostonian has
letters now. There were letters for the Pope. the
King OF France the King OF spain and other Chris
uan princes. IL does not appear that England was
expressly DESIGNATED. Her name, so great now