The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-01-26

tanning what may De here supposea W % an cAPtssou
OF the changes and reforms which his ministers con-
templaiod introducing into the administration OF the
empire Although II specified those somewhat In de-
tail 1t fixed no period for their oxecution and II they.
having been Of rather slow growth each and all OF the
Powers concerned In that treaty have never ceased
from urging the subject upon tho early attention OF tho
present Sultan They seem 20 believe that the sultan
has only proclaim the whole Of them to bis people
70 put them In complete force Besides, each
nterprots them In Its own way. conformably with in
institutions such, for instanca as Franco which
believes fully the Code Napoleon a. salutary recipe
for all possible political evils.
Tho blowing document, taken from the Livre Jauns
Of the French government. published in the pres
emit year. 1857, will serve a. an example II
not . proof Of the preceding remarka The
imperial rescrpt In question had much weight In the
conclusion Of peace for Russia in Il the seeds Of
future dissatisfaction among the Mussuiman and
Mussulman subjects OF the Sultan and wide field for
her right to interfere 10 favor Of the coregloniss"
the Greeks and Bugrarians
II is desired to show that the Ottoman government II
not retrogade in its action but rather that It Is on the
contrary, progressive. To any impartial observer who
will reflect upon tho results in Turkey Of the last twenty
years tho former needs no argument Tho latter has
conviction Of its truthfunoss Twenty years ago very
few Christians were IN the Official employ OF the govern
properly qualified for employ men.. since then many
Greek and Armenian families have sent their sons to
Paris for education. Quite large number Of
similar youths have been sent there for the
purpose at the expense Of the Sultan There is
goodly number there now who are being educated By
the present Sultan many Of whom will. most probably,
enter the service Of the government In the Sublime
Porte Ia public ediace, and not man, as some editors
there are two bureaus occupied only by young
Armenlaus and Greeks Tners are also in IL some
others from Syria and Palestine. all serving as regis.
trars, copysts and transatos The Mussumans OF the
ffat rnth nunn MIN nc md
their own sons might be placed there In lieu OF these
Christians Out OF these bureaus are the draRomans,
General OF the large provinces &c and even somo Of
the Ottoman consus general and oonsuls reo,ye their
several high dgntaries Of the governments ~ the
capital and some deputy governors VINO are
% uosy 70 soesn nausncs 70 f.vor
or to .9merit" need not be here discussed.
IL sces to establ sh the fact that they are actually in
official employment Many "native cit zens' OF the
United States the employment IN import.
ant posts there of nauralizsd citizens As result
orhs sentiment there sprang up few years party
which, fortunately for the lattcr did much
support from the public at large. Something OF the
same exists among the Mussuman population Of Turkey
against the Christians, but the government does not
favor 1t. The present Ottoman Ministers at Washing.
ton London Berlin, ST. Petersburg and Athens arc all
tho same the dissatisfaction of tho Mussumans Of
the capital Notwithstanding this. some of the foreign
adviscrs" OF the Sultan urge him to increase the num-
Der by appointing Christians to the highest Offices Of the
government In the capital and In the provinces There
IS certainly no reason why the sultan should
not sppoin. q Creek TO the office of Ces Porte
minister OF Marine,; but ,hero Is 10 doubt
that not in his empire is qualified for III aud 1t may
be added thai few Greeks possess just now at least sum-
cent loyaty Tho former may be said OF most OF the
other positions OF minister. AS to the provinces, Ia
most OF them the population Of very heterogeneous
character-a mixture OF Greek, Armenian, Catholic,
Protes and lsaee; and should the Sultan appoint
an Individual from either tho rest would BIO most lndg-
nant at the favor shoxu For this reason, pro-
badly, II for other, the Sultan appoints neither,
and nIls up the places with one who is neutral, other
wise Mussulman.
Tho Ottoman government certainly offers no obstacle
to the tree education Of its subjects Each community
has its religious head and councils, composed
of laymen. for tho administration Of It's concerns Taeso
al liberty to establish many colleges academies
great many such actually do exist The Sultan and
his predecessors have established colleges Tor the army
the navy medicine and the ordinary branches o. efuca
ton, TO some OF which Christians oven are admitted.
Has tho government of the United States dono more
than this rho nne colleges OF tho United States do
not their existence TO government but to the
energy and enterprise Of thu people There u no Inn
pedmen in Turkey TO the existence OF the same II tho
people choose To establish them. The Sultan cannot do
il. An Armenian would send HE
Mussumap. Creek tatholic or Protesant school than
white gentleman OF the United Sta,os would send his
to school for coorod children. and this may
be said Of each OF the communities N not therefore,
the fault OF the sultan II they prefer sending their sons
TO Paris and London rather than to establish academies
in Consiantinople. II would require large amount
OF money Tor the purpose OF erecting an academy
for each and every sect ana religion tho
empire; and the present condition of tho treasury does
not certainly admit OF H. Tho Sultan has sopt, within
Tow years past, several young MuSSumanS and Chris
ans TO PARIS TO study law tdroit aud 10 qualify them
solves for employ 10 the judicial departments or
tho government, where Islam Jurisprudence Is not
exercised.
The Frcnch document in question advises the en-.
pioyment ~ the Christian subjects OF the Sultan his
army. Down recent period all Mussu paid
pole tax Rajahs--a term signfyng snbdued pe0-
PIC, who PROPOSED to retain tac faith and main
under Isafn rule as equals with tho
race. They we're not In consequence, ever called upon
to ght Tho battles OF their country aud 1t may DO ques
tcn d whether they would have dared - do 80 II called
l1r 10 haa
cstuc ion and the Sultan induced 10 alter the
into hddet or exemption from military service:
empire II then Understood thai tho government
she'd TO receive somo OF its Christian subjects the
strongly opposed II. IL would certainly be difficult to
pace Christians IN Mussulman regiment, ue versa
account OF their mutual preiudces and the Mussu-
man officers OF rank who have worked their way from
the lowest positions, are aycrse 10 the appointment OF
christn officers VINO have not done tho some
exceptions have howeser been made. aud foreigners
have become officers OF the rank of captain. major &C,
without serving in tho subaorn POSITIONS. There are
two regiments in the army called the Cosssck reai-
menis nearly all OF tho officers OF which and even the
pTiyatea. foreigners end " might work very we'll
we're there distinct regiments Of Creeks Armenians,
Ltaslitcs &c, formed ~ least cxperimont IL
would however. be- indsoroot TO send them against
MussuIman revolt and quito unfair TO send them just
now TO CANDIDA especially the Greek reCimenls
Another important subject is alluded 10 at some
eneth ia the French document aforesaid, viz the right
Of foreigners 10 possess real estate ia Turkey which
qurcs an explanation TO be properly understood. There
two principal tsnurea OF land In tho Ottoman en-
re-onc called bakup and tho other uulk The former
Is of 20 nocuar character scarcely TO find para-
lei in any other country and is natter Of grave
barrassIneut 10 the government. which would wholly
alter r IL could without exciting great discomfort
among the Mrssuimsn portion of the population. Ali
al the mosques public libraries the older public schools,
fountains, imares (poor houses &C.. supported by
pious Dequoss, lett tor this purpose by various de-
ceased even living individuals. These "bcquests'
are lsft, however, with condition. viz. that
though the real estate actually belongs 10,
for instance, tho mosque, the nominal owner
shalt live On IT. cultivate IT, build upon it, sell IT,
and after his her dcccase leave IL to direct heirs pay
ina for the OF u yearly tax to the mosque qucs-
ton and should she he die without any direct hoip
sh8ll revert TO tie mosque, which then soil il
the highest bidder under the same conditions. Now
these conditions are OF private nature and
ably with the wishes Of the deysec the government
hnds difficult 10 break them. Of the admins
traitors OF the mosque do not admit OF any departure
these condious, and f the dscease OF the nominal
owner any one puis forward claim for the property
the ground OF mortgage they do not rccogngc H. but
claim The real estate behalf OF the mosque The gov
errmoni. Notwithstanding al this, has far broken the
conditions OF tho requests to allow Of bakup property
nj In md hafr =. fll..a