The New York herald., 1868-08-17
AUSTRIA.


Emigration 10 America from the Empire
Proper and Hungary-The Flow OF Popu-
lnfion-Exciting Causes Of the Movement
Under the Imperial Rule.
VIENNA, July %, 1868.
Emigration statistics are usually if not invariably,
taken at the port Of embarkaton; but as Trieste Is
the only first CLASS port possessed by the dual
empire OF Austria and Hungary, and that Trieste, so
far passenger trafiic is concerned Is nothing but
link in the drain OF communication between the
west of Europe on the hand, and the Leyant and
the farther east on the other the fact that the Austro
Hungarian empire has no emigration department.
and consequently emigration statistics, ought to
occasion no surprise. As the statistics OF emigration
taken at Hamburg and Bremen and from these two
ports the greater part of the westward current
OF emigration from this empire is shipped,
do not distinguish the State or nationality
TO which the individual emigrant by way OF
those two ports belongs a statesman of the dual
empire who should desire to gauge the volume of
emigration to the Western continent which proceeds
from Austria and Hungary would have no other
Of information than the statistics (arranged
according to State or nationality which are published
annually by the federal government of the United
States and are condensed and commented on in the
decennal census reports of your government and
the annual reports OF the Commissioners of Immi-
grafton at the ports of New York and Boston and OF
the Immigration Department OF the government Of
Canada.
In the absence therefore, of exact figures we are
confined to the field OF general considerations in
treating the subject Fortunately these speak with
no uncertain sound and doubtless reflect themselves
Ill the figures published periodically by the United
States and Canadian authorities above mentioned.
SO by these considerations we may safely infer
that during the last and current years the people of
this empire have not and viii not run up large
immigration account with America One OF the
most universal causes of large current of emigra-
ton nom Europe to America Is public misfortune
and ualadministration. Another is the pressure OF
population upon the means OF subsistence. Neither
OF these causes has been active in this empire
during the last eighteen months. That period COM
menced with the concession to the Hungarian nation
oil political position equal to tnat which her people
eV0yed in the best periods OF their constitutional
history. The result has been that Hungary has
already attracted back to her fertile plains many of
her sons VINO shook the dust of their native land
from or the soes Of their feet after the misfor-
tunes OF ls49 and during the supremacy OF a
period has been equally signilized by the
restoration of the constitution OF 1861 by The
argeaent OF the rights granted by il to the people
10 whom 1t applies, 10y the progress OF legislative re-
forms In every department Of public life, and last
mot least, by the institution of responsible ministry
Ihere is, therefore, very little in the political Cir
cumstances OF either portion Of the empire TO stimu
late emigration TO the West. Let us turn atten
hon Tor moment 10 the other order OF considera-
tons-namely, the economical.
When last year the Chamber OF Commerce of Rou-
en- sent circular letter TO the other Chambers Of
Commerce in Europe to inquire into the state of trade
aud industry Ia the neighborhood Of the addressed
corporations and into the causes of the then
as now, prevailing stagnatlon, they received
from ali parts OF Europe except one)
replies acknowledging the existence OF an
Industrial paralysis. The exception was Austria and
Hungary, whose Chambers of Commerce were able
Ia reply that factories were very busy, with lack
Ol orders; trade active speculation rife. To this
salt the extraordinary good harvest IN Hungary and
Bohemia last year doubtless powerfully contributed.
IL was also aided by the wise policy pursued by the
three Finance Ministers OF the empire in letting the
currency alone and In posponing TO an indefinite pc
n"a .s s . or specie payment sd To @
harvest Whicn promises 10 bless Austria and Hun
gary. When the mechanics the husbandmen and
the factory hands are hard at work at higher rate
Oi wages than the average the tendency to cmigrae
ccdes TO that OF remaining at home
What concerns West Austria In particular may be
summed up thus-the emigration from Germany
other parts OF Europe uto West Austria probably
equals the current OF emigration which sets west
ward
As regards Hungary, there can be no American
emigration TO speak Of Hungary Is an under.
peOped country and labor just now is In very great
demand. The cry is, ave have not hands enough
to gather In the standing crops. Therefore, place
posai OF our agricuIturistsn Such Is the demand
which several members OF the Diet have recently
addressed to the Hungarian Ministry. railroad
building and company forming mania is now rife in
Hungary which is far more consistent with an i'm
HE hungarian statesmen of the expediency of en-
cOuraging emigration that the present ministers
Intend preparing measure for the promotion or
country, which measure they will submit to the Diet
NJ its next session.
Returning to West Austria, from which region alone
q respectable quota Of emigration 10 America takes
place, ind that this emigration chiefly goes from
Bohemia In the first place and the Tyro In the
Ond. Bohemia Ia at once the most thickly peOpled
and most politically discontented portion Of the Cis-
leithana. The Inhabitants Of Bohemia are Of two
very distinct races-the German and the Slavic. The
political macontens belong chiefly to the latter
and to that group Of the same which is called
mainly recruited from the ranks Of the Czech. The
Bohemians generally irrespective OF race, an In
dustrous people, nearly equally devoted TO agricul
ture and manufacturer The hardy sons OF the Tyrol
are addicted TO the chase and 10 agriculture exclu
sveiy.
The cost OF the long land transit from West Austria
70 the Of debarkati0n added to that OF the sea
passage from Hamburg, Bremen, Liverpool, South.
ampton or Havre TO America excludes the poorest
classes from the possibility Of emigrating to America
and acts ~ sort Of guarantee for the "respecta-
blity OF the emigrans from this part OF the world
the emigrants therefore belong chiefly TO the lower
middle Glass; the professional (among whom the mu.
sicians take high rank) and the mechanic class.
ITALY.