The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-10-26

God when his constitutional period terminated. and
he was succeeded In command on May l. 1885, By
Manuel Oribe man Of education, Of fortune, OF I'm.
Of Its most distinguished families. Under
his honorable administration the laws OF the land
became respected. There was more moral admin
istration OF the public rents which had prev 0usy
been most corruprly managed, and the country en-
tered upon the road to progress and prosperity.
Brazil Ia the meantime had been Obliged 70 c0ncen-
trate her attention upon the suocation OF anarchy
winch had sprung up in her own territory ana mad,
therefore left the Banda Oriental tranquil for several
Kosas, was exclusively engaged IN the overthrow OF
the efforts which the Unitarians were making TO
dominate the federal party. Unfortunately the iron
arm OF the Argentine Dictator caused numerous
emigration from Buen0s Ayres TO MOntevideO anu
the the means to combat Rosas. They undertook to
overthrow the government which had gwen them an
asylum aud which wished at any cost to maintain
The Unitartans then projected the overthrow
which would lend itself to their views. Al that tme
also, France had serious misunderstanding with
Rosas, and the aid Of the French men-of-war In
M0ntevideo was enlisted in the hostile movement
against the Uruguay government, taking as pre-
text the rightful negative OF General Oribe to the
permission solicited that the prisoners taken by
vessels or war blockading Buen0s Ayres should be
retained in Monteyide0.
justos Rivera was the man most suited to the Uni
taran scheme. They s0ugat him, Oierlng him the
aid OF France and OF all the Argentine refugees.
Rivera, exasperated at the fathu nj and moral RUE OF
ton, raised in 1885, the nag OF rebellion The uni
tartan chiefs and officers gathered under his stand.
ard and gave several battles at one of which General
Layale, the chief oil the Unitarlans, commanded.
Alter TWO years OF struggle, the result beng unIavor-
able TO General OriDe, he found 1t necessary
10 shut himself up in Montevideo, which
town was very soon beseged by General Rivera.
Hard pressed by the land forces and above all by the
French navy, which, thanks 10 the Unitarian con.
course which existed In the city and which had
warmly espOused tie rebellion, General Or1be was
obliged to resign the Presidency and dee to Buenos
Ayres, followed by large number OF rcfugeeS but
hardly had he arrived In that city when he recalled
his ACT of reslgnaLlon forced from him by circum-
stances, protesting In notable document against
the unqualitlabe conduct OF the French Admiral lie
Blanc.
IL was in this war OF 1886 and 1888 In which the
Oriental parties took the names OF .Blancos'' and
"IoloradOs," or whites and reds. Rivera, chief OF
one OF these, OF mixed blood and followed by the
haf-breed population, took the red ribbon az hs dis
tnctive badge Of warfare The legal forces adopted
the white ribbon as an emblem 0i the purity OF their
cause and in alusion perhaps TO the pure blood OF
their cheftain and OF that Of the majority who ac-
companed HIM in the institutions OF the government
against anarchy.
The Dictator Rosas, fearing the consequences Of
the acts which had taken place In Uruguay, and be-
lug threatened by Unitarian expedition which had
lett MontevideO, protected by the French squadron
to invade the Argentine republic, requested General
0ribe to take command OF the Argentine troops, to
add TO them the oriental forces which had followed
him, and fight the common enemy. Orbe accepted
During four years he combated and overthrow the
Unari5 in the interior provinces oil the Argentine
republic. The 9Th December, 1912, in the province
Arroyo Grande who with Uruguay army In which
he had Incorporated the remnants OF the Unitarian
forces, came TO stake the fortunes OF the Coorados
ana the hopes OF the UnltarianS IN Oatlle Victory
perched upon the banners OF Oribe. lie passed the
Uruguay and took the roaG to Monteyideo, in front
OF when he.arrivcd the 10th February, lS43 with an
army Of 1900 Argentlies and 10000 Orentals. The
whole country had peced itself under his orders.
The city might have been taken without difficulty
in the first days OF the siege, but circumstances,
which would demand too much space to explain.
postponed the assault and the besieged, recovering
courage and retaining the decided protection OF the
English Admiral Purvis and OF the Brazilian Lega-
ton, nullied the action OF the Argentine fee which
They armed foreign legonsfor It's defence and raised
fortications which were traced by the English Adj
miral and his officers In person. The besiege1 gain
ing time sustained themselves by selling the public
ediflces aud even the plazas and public roads to
foreign spectators, and In this manner succeeded In
causing an armed French and English intervention
which, by frightening the siege, prolonged the mis-
fortunes Of the country.
At last, after nearly nine years. the sth OF October,
1851, with the INVASION OF General UrquiZa. who
Oated the flag OF peace and harmony, and who had by
his sile General Garz0n, an old companion OF Uribe
the Orentals, made family compact declaring that
there were neither conquerors or conquered, ana
that 'they accepted as valid all the administrative
acts not only OF the government without. but the
government Within the walls OF Montevldeo. SO
terminated the long contest which destroyed and
duced the country--a sad remembrance Of the Ar
The republic entered upon constitutional order
and Its parties, with faith and hope In the future,
bent themselves to their duties as citizens The elec
lions OF the people were favorable 10 the BlancO
party which raised to the first ONCE citizen most
noted for his virtues and talents Don Juan Francisco
Giro who proposed to restore the country To the
tablished constitutional rule and who called 10 his
Cabinet men Of both political parties.
One year OF this healthfnl administration had scar
ceIy passed when Brazil commenced undermining
the government by feeding discomfort and aiding
conflicts. The coorados, to sustain themselves In
Monteydeo during It's siege by Orbe, had not failed
to stoop to any measures, FOR all were good so
long as as they prolonged the struggle They
S,u u MI pmDirn al
In quitous treaties OF October Il. 1885, by which
Brazil usurped lands which from time immemorial
had formed part OF the oriental State. They obliged
this country which long years previous had declared
In It's code the liberty OF the negro race 10 admit
slaves into its territory and TO make OF the
tlonal forces to persecute ana capture the slaves
who might fee from Brazilian plantations and re.
turn them 10 their ferocious masters.
These treaties, and especially that known ~ the
treaty Of limits almost sagger the mind. Under the
false base OF the tl poss,dsfs, by which Brazil pre-
tends TO make legitimate the usufpati0ns made from
the republics upon her frontier, not only has she
taken from Uruguay great districts OF the depart
ments OF Cerro largo, the kincon de Artgas and q
sovereign OF the river Yaguaron and OF the great
Mcnm Lake, dividing waters OF both countries the
free navigation Of which has so much interest for
the Banda Oriental.
In accordance with the constitution OF Uruguay, a.
Of all the South American republics, no international
treaty becomes a law until |; Is approved by the
Legislative Chambers. Basng itself on this fact the
government 0f Senior Giro took measures 70 defeat
TINS treaty contrary to national interests, and for
tins purpose counted for aid upon all political par
ties; but Brazil, which had caused her army TO be
posted within ten leagues OF MontevideO, as II re-
turned from the campaign Of Caseros against Rosas,
awakened the half crushed ambition OF the Colorado
parry and offered to place Its leaders In power
through the aid OF Brazilian bay0neis In exchange
for the ratification or the treaties The machina-
tons VI the Brazilian legation beng discovered the
Minister OF War, General Cesar Diaz to whom public
opinion pointed as the leader IN the mosement was
arragned before the Senate. Heated ny the discus
sion he did not hesitate 70 declare to the friends Of
the government tnat he would head a revolution TO
comply with the treaties made with Brazil.
The government Immediately dismissed q minister
who threatened the public order in such manner.
Senior Giro, yet disposed 10 oyerturn the treaties
sought aid from Gencral Urquiza, who, by the
victory OF Cascros was ut the head OF the Argentine
army, and enjoyed great prestige within and with
out the country. The mission sent Tor the purpose
did not succeed, and the Oriental government aban-
doned on all sides, was Obliged to ratlfy the treaties
20 preserve thc internal peace OF the country, 80
necessary 10 repair the evils OF civil war;
The waruest relations still continued between the
Brazilian Legation aud the Colorado party, and. In
accord they conspred against the established order
OF things and av aited the propcr moment To strike