New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1868-08-01
SATURDAY, AUGUST /, 1865.

was once sacred law and that regned in every Mus
suIInan Court, has been driven INTO the region OF
superstition retaining its only power over the lgn0
rant Costumes and customs have changed. Educa-
tiOn has made advances among the Mussulmen, and
nearly every educated Mussulman is an inhdel.
But IN pulling down the Old, what has been done
TO build up the newt This was the special task as
signed to these statesmen How have they succeeded
Will give yOn what seems to me the exact truth on
this interesting topic Ii is admitted that these dis
tngulshed statesmen had many difficulties TO en-
counter But they had also peculiar advantages and
powerful anxlliaries They had country OF vast
quiet population, fine climate, great variety OF
products, with lands that might receive all the emf
grants that go to the United States, and vast sea-
coast extending around large part Of the Medter-
ranean and Black Seas, the whole of the Marmora,
and for rivers, the Danube the north and the Nile
on the south. The great Capital itself, commercially
considered is adapted to be the center of bound
less commerce that intelligent craftsmanship would
make it better than Australian gold fields. Roads
were to be made, industry encouraged, commerce
protected emigration initiated and all these mighty
slumberng, waiting forces developed. what mas
been dOnei
First. much has been done upon paper. Haiti
Scherifs Haiti Ilumayouns, Royal speeches, Reform
Commissions. n Department of Public Instruction,
another of Public Works Council Of Mines, another
of Forests &c. dc.
But when we pass from paper TO facts. search in
vain for anything that is gratifying All attempts
to reform the finances of the Empire are an aeknow-
edged failure. Loan upon loan has been made; for
eign loans and domestic loans and the credit OF the
Government is lower now than it ten years ago.
There is large deficit every year in time of perfect
peace. The reasons of this indicate deep-roOted dis
ease. In the mean time taxation has increased
from year to year until nothing remains to be taxed
anew The ~ per cent tax has been increased to ID
per centIevery tree, house, shop, animal, and pro-
duet of industry nature taxed TO the utmost.
Many villages have been desOlated and their miser
able houses are falling down in consequence of the
nsupportable weight OF taxation. Some have cut
down their olive trees because the tax is first upon
the tree and then upon the salt for covering the
olives and then upon the olives cured, of
"a laGa n
The Government had taken all. -
With exceptional and blOated wealth among Gov
eminent fayorites, the general poverty OF the cOnn
try is unquestlonably advancing with menaclng
What has the Government done in the important
department of road-makingf Its resources cannot
be developed without roads, and Turkey mas no
roads but mule paths which, from December to
April, plunge the poor animal into the mud Inc
Government cannot make even common road. ~
was 10 years in making common road IRON Gemllk
TO Broosa, and the whole Province OF Bythlnla was
taxed enough every year to make the whole road-2i
miles IL enriched the officials and exhausted the
Province, that the people have perfect horror OF
the mere mention Of road. Another has been made
by contract at reasonable rate from NlcOmedla TO
Adobazar and il should be fruitful source OF gam
Turkish fatality follows it, and curses II, ana makes
IL a The soil III certain places is very deep,
and in the long rains of the past Winter the road
has sunk out of sight IN the mud and consequently
inst where the road is wanted there is no road at ALL
unless yOu GO three four feet into the mud after IT,
No idea of repairing IL has ever occurred to any one
and the people entirely abandon the new road ana
take to the old So il u.s. and it shall be in Turkey
The same fatality follows the railroads IN more
magnificent scale The Smyrna and Alden Railroad,
the Kustendje, and the Varna, aud the Roustchook
Tor Rustcmk) have all been manifold temptations
from the beginning. Government officials ana Eng
lsh contractors have We'd with each other in cheating
the stockholders Ineiciency of management, contra
dlctiOn of powers mutual accusations OF non-tuhll-
ment of conditions Of contract between Government
and contractors have accompanied every railroad en-,
terpFiso in Turkey. No man who is not blind and
" another
railroad But perhaps, this liberal Turkish Govern
ment has made the populations more contehteu. Tue
equality of all His Malestys subjects has been SO
often announced, that it now only eXcites rdlcule
No purely Turkish court viii yet receive the testi-
mony of a Christion subject. however honorable ne
may be- against Mussulman, however despleaDie ne
may be- The equality exists on paper Is announced
in Europe, but search for u in the courts in the
civil Offices in the Army and Navy and no sign OF II
can be found. All the populations are dlscOn-
tented 10 the last degree. Crete IL not the only
proof The mild quiet. laborious Bmlgarans are
everywhere preparing for revolution Their secret or
ganZation extends to every hamlet and Is preparing
for frightful evils. The Government has not sup
with q sufficiently iron and uniform control Hall
its population being Christian, ana, speaking
languages the Turk does not understand. they have
got more intelligence and more Ideas oil freedom
through these unknown channels than suits the Turk
He shows his disgust oftentlmes at this desire Tor
freedom, but does not efficiently suppress II all lie
does either too much or not enough. lie has not
kept these subject populations under his heel as In
former times And yet he shows enough desire 10 do
il 10 initiate them ALL and TO prepare tor general
conflauati0n The modern administration Is an en-
inent failure in relation 10 all its Christian subjects
IL il even worse in regard to its Turkish
subjects. Tho decrease and poverty Of the
Moslem population are becoming notorious. All the
second and third class employees Of Government
would hail with Joy any revolution. Formerly they
were paid with some degree OF reguarlty-now, not
at all If they petition for pay they are reduced
10 the ranks or thrown into prison lhere are ~
poor workmen now in the prison for the crime OF
pettionng for their regular pay EVen the Engisl u,
men in the mint generally q 9 10 months oLt OF
their pay, and the influence OF the English Emhas-
sador finally secures it with immense diihenlty'
key TO show you one indication OF progress other
than decay. he Will point you TO the increase OF the
from tithes forgetting two important facts
one that instead of Hh6s ens II IS now 10 per cent;
and the second that this increase is becoming III
suppOTtablc 10 the country. - -
English policy goes il blind" for UNFOLDING Inr:
KEY She cannot rescue her from financial ruin and
poverty; she cannot reform her financial system.
Turkey coolly rejects her advice. snubs her as she
dare not do 10 France treats Professionalism with ex-
ceptiQnable contempt and wrongs allows france her
own way in everything, but still England pockets
alternating the sympathy Of all the Christian popqla-
tion and uphodng, at all hazards, the Turk Her
policy is doubtless selfish, II is at least meek and
mild toward the Turks She does everything for
them demands nothing Of them, and bears whatever
treatment she happens TO get France also sustains
Turkey but the Sultan must bow TO the Emperor.
These two powers together welghty as they are can
never place Turkey III the path OF reform law
goyernsthis question when neither france oI Ln-
gland can control, -..t- -,
The French University is about 10 be opened with
great splendOr. The Turks and Greeks keep aloof
from It; the Catholics and Armenians rush into It,
The Cretans are still fighting, but with despair
rather than hope Their two blockade runners laugh
at the whole Turkish heet and 20 ana como ulino-
Tested