Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1868-01-23

HON. JAMES BROOKS, OF N. YORK,

HON. JAMES BROOKS, OF N. YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
ON THE THIRD RECONSTRUCTION BILL. PAssE]
DURING 1857.
Is THIS, OR IS IT NOT, A WHITE MANS GOVERN
MENT?
| My objection to this bill rises far higher thai
INV mere details it is to the whole principle
throughout, from beginning to end. My theory
my principle, and, I believe, the principle of tht
Democratic party, is one before which all other is
sues-tarifs, currency, taxes, armies, navles, al
mere questions of the hour-dwindle into compar
ative insigni6cance They are but passing ques
tons, which live to-day and die tomorrow. The
only real living issue, towers above all these ant
that is, is this, or is it not, white mans govern
ment?"
You have deliberately Trained bill to overthrow
this white mans government OF our fathers, ant
to erect an African government in its stead; anc
it is because you have done this that resist ano
protest against it, again and again, and from the
beginning to the end.
THE NEGRO IS NOT THE EQUAL OF THE WHITE MAN
The negro is not the equal of the white man
much less his master, as your bill makes him and
this can demonstrate anatomically, physiological
", and psychologically, too, if necessary. Vol
umes of scientific authority establish the fact;
might "pile Peion on Ossa, to demonstrate it, il
this were hall of science for such discussions, OF
if there were time for such discussions here. All
that have opportunity to do here is, in the few
est words possible, to set forth scientific facts The
negro man differs more from the white man than
a white man from white woman; and the differ
ence is essential, organic throughout, from the
crown of the head to the very sole OF the feet
The negro is different creature, with different
brain, and different structural organization, and In
every respect inferior to the white governing man.
THE HAIR OR WOOL OF THE NEGRO.
The very hair which crowns his head is not hair,
but it is wool-wool, and wool only Laughter.
He who viii take the trouble to examine it through
the microscope, mcrometer and microtome, vii
see that its structure is that Of wool, and not Of
hair. The hair of the white man is cylindrical
the section under the microscope appears perfect
ly circular, and provided with medullary canal
while the wool Of the negro is fattened, so that its
section exhibits an elongated elpsis in the axis o
which no medulary canal is seen. 1t is this late
raj compression which affects the peculiar frlzzing
of the hair, owing to its not taking place exactly
in, the direction of the longitudinal axis Of the
hair, but ascending in spirals, so that the hair re-
sembles spiral spring, which always returns to
its shape when drawn out-(See NJ. Pruner Bey,
de la cherelue coname caracterasque des Races hu,
names, Carl Voght, ct alias.
TIE SKULL, THE BRAIN, THE NECK, THE FOOT, ETC.
The difference is not only in the hair, but it is in
the whole anatomical structure Of the head, inside
and outside. The negro face projects like amuz-
zle, and the teeth are oblquely inserted, so that
their edges meet as at projecting angles. The de-
velopment of the jaw (prognathism) is in direct
relation or proportion to the intellectual capacity
of a people, the prognathous being confined to the
lowest races of men, among them the negro. Their
cranial capacity is different The volume of an
American or English head is in cubic centl-metres
1872. 95, while that of negro born in Africa is
only 1871 AZ, and the place occupied in relation
to cranial capacity and cerebral weight corresponds
with the degree of intellectual capacity and civi,
cation. The weight of the white mans brain is
greater than that of the negro. The convolutons
of the brain are different. The anterior and from
tai lobes of the white man show far better men
tai development All these assertions are main
tainable by high German, French and English, as
well as American authority; but this is not the
place nor the hour for metaphysical or psycholog'
ical discussions. Every feature of the white man
and negro differs The nose is different. The
nostrils of Caucasian form two nearly rectangular
triangles, the hypothenuses of which are turned
outward, whilst the septum Of the nose forms a
perpendicular line common to the two triangles.
On taking similar view of the negro, the nostrils
present only transverse aperture or the figure Of
q horizontal eight united in the middle by the ma
sal septum. The form and size of the mouth, the
shape Of the lips and cheeks are very different
The apsh chin of the negro differs very essential
" from that of the white man. The facial angle
of the distinguished writer, Camper, amounts in
the negro to 7O.75 deg it may sink to IS, whilst
in the Caucasian it is rarely below so, and fire.
uuently few degrees higher. The negros skull
is thicker than the white mans; the cervical mus
cles more powerful; and hence the negro carries
his burden on his head, and, like ram in fight,
uses his skull. The negro's shoulder differs from
the white mans The negro's hand is larger, his
fingers long and thin, palms fat, thumb-balls
scarcely prominent. "All the characters Of his
hand" says Carl Voght decidedly approach
those of the Simian hand" The leg, the calves
of the leg, all differ from the white mans. 1.-THE
femoral bones, as we'll as the fbula seemed curved
outwards, so that the knees are more apart from
each other than in the white" The pelvis is or
ganicaly different. ''The foot of the negro, says
Burmeister, lis in everything ugly-Aat, of a pro-
jecting heel, thick, habby cushion in the innel
cavity, with wide, spreading toes. The middle
part of the foot does not touch the ground
Voght, the German physologist, calls it 'the foo
of the gorilla, or, if you please, the posteriol
hand" cite these facts to show that it is mo-
the skin alone that parts the white from the negro
race-not the dermis, or epidermis, or pigmen
therein. I could not respect myself if l judged
race inferior to my own because of its color only
for color may be but an incident or accident OF lite
We have brunettes, as well as blondes, and bott
among the most beautiful of our race The Egyp
tian is not white, scarcely is the Italian or the
Spaniard, in whose veins courses Moorish blood
The negro is no more of coored man than eau
casians are colorcd men. nevcs use the absurd
words, ''colored men, The neToi is negro, and
only negr-of type, race Of men as different
from ours as the Hottentot, or the Bushman. Goo
has created us anatomically and physiologically
different in almost all respects, so far as we car
Judge, never intending US to be equally of kindred
Il T. .loI..