The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1868-09-10
AUSTRALIA.


Resources.
Mr. j. Wemys Jobson of this city, writes as
follows about Australia in the September num-
Der Of the american Eachdnge and ReUieoo:-
Sydney now contains population of 100, 900,
and the whole colony OF New south Wales
numbers about thiice that amount 1t exports
wool 10 the extent of about $4,000 600 per au-
nun, tallow to that OF $500, 00J, aud gold about
S2,500,0O0. The supply OF the last Is daily falling
Off, many richer MINES having been discovered
in the adjoining colony OF Victoria. IL has, be-
SIDES, six or seven wOollen factories, iabrcatng
species of Tweed considerably in demand
three sugar retneTies sixteen soap mauufacto-
ries, and several similar establishments Abont
l3O, ,OC0 tons of shipping used to enter the port
III the course OF the year, and as mauyto quit 1t,
but the number has lately fallen off. The light
houses at the heads, or entrance to the har6or,
are most dangerously arranged. Instead of their
being fixed one on each promontory, two are
affixed upon one. The consequence was that q
few years ago a large snip, named the Dunbar
with many hundred emi?rants, while entering
the po1t IN confidence AT night, struck upon the
rocks, and was SO completely lost that i'll the
morning only one man survived
The climate Of New South Wales is warm. The
seasons are the reverse of ours the winter COM
mCncing in July, and January being mldsum-
mer. The thermometer averages 50 degrees;
but most disagreeable and unhealthy hot winds,
proceeding from the Interior, frequently cause
it to rise to 100 or even to l25. In the mornings
and throughout the day there is au agreeable
sea-breeze, and ia the evenings it is foilowedby
healthy. About the seventh OF the land was
originally allotted to the Church of england,
but the revenues ale now divided amongst all
religious denominations, independent OF creed.
The Wecleyans are at present the mOstnume.ous,
and the Roman Catholic archbishop drives the
most splendid team of horses, as well as the
most magnificent carriage III Sydney, devo,ing
the greater part of his state allowance of $4,000
per apnum to this purpose. Tue colony Is
governed by legislature consisting, on
the whole, OF ftty,four members,
OF whom thirty six are elected for the
lower or popular division, aud the remainder,
or upper house, are nominated by the Governor
who is appointed by the English crown. Its
police regulations are very bad, and the country
convcts, who have betaken themselves to the
woods and the highways, and pluader or mur-
der all who fall into their hands.
Victoria, is the second colony of Australia,
and now the most important of aHy. 1t Is an
ofshoot OF New South Wales, and separated
from it upwards of dozel years ago. 1t may
claim, however, to have been originally esta-
blished from Van Dieman's Land, tor in 1885, a
MIR. Batman landed from that island aud took
possession of Port Philip Head, which now
leads to the harbor of Melbourne. A fe " months
later he was followed by newspaper editor
named John Pascoe Fawkner, who d!sembarked
where the city of Melbourne now stands and
purchased ground from the natives Tor few
dollars, whlchis now worth SlU0 600 per acre.
Johnny" however, as he is te1med-fOr he yet
survives-did not profit by this neta-ious
arrangement for he now lives in comUara.
tive poverty, and has the morti6ca-
tion of seeing what were once his pigsties and
farmyard occupied by the most splendid stores
and richest edlhceS III the coloGy. Melbourne,
named after frivolous and disreputable English
peer of that name is now the Wealthiest town
in Australia, containing upwards Uf 100000
inhabitants, and being largely indebted for its
prosperity 10 American citizens, by whose enter
prise it was mainly, in the first instance, bailt
up and established. The English, however,
behaved most ungratelully to the founders
rising against them SO soon as they found
themselves in sufficient NUMBER, and ultimately
expellng them from the place. Ever since it
has been noted for its violent antiAmercan
feeling; and the writer of this article was pre-
clpltated from platform twelve leet high merely
because he, at public meeting, opposed most
llllbe1al tariff mainly directed against American
commerce, and, above all, resisted the atrocious
conduct of its colonial authorities in fitting out
the Shenandoah to prey upon our peaceful and
deienseless mai inc. III
The colony OF Victoria contains about s5, 900
square miles Of territory, and possesses con-
slderaby greater agricultural resources than
New South Waies; but as yet no coal has been
discovered In IT, and hence 1t cannot pretend to
liVal the other In manufacturing pursuits. At
the present day it has a population of about
400 900 inhabitants, and would rapidly increase
but for the abominaOle system OF nlisooyeru-
ment. The chief authority there under the
British Government Is Scotch adyenturer
named McCuloch. Originally clerk aud
agent OF the great Scottish house of Denison
Co.. he rose upon their 1uins, and has pursued
career which throws even aristocratic gov.
ernment into shade. Having made his Way
into the colonial legislature by every possible
agency, he has with few associates, seIzed
hold OF every office in the power of the eyecu
tive, and organized a gang of rutfians who
attend public meetings and beat down all o2po-
nenls. The scenes of violence exhibited on
these occasions are wholly incredible. Men
have the hair torn from their faces and the
clothes from their backs, and are fortunate
indeed If they escape without loss of life or
limb. All the violence deemed peculiar to
American mobs is more than outdone here. Mr.