The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1868-10-29
,ccial telegram TO the Dispatch.

Special telegram TO the Dispatch.
STAUNToN, October 2S, 1868.
This the greatest day of the Fair pass
ti off to the supreme satisfaction of
cyerybody. The display equalled any of
similar character in the palmy days Of
the Old dominion. The weather was
5e,;rhtful-the balmy and bright Indian
summer prevailing. About 10000 peo-
rle. it is estimated, were in attend
snce the scene being illumined by the
array of beauty which was blended with
the assembled multitude. The scholars of
several female seminaries and of the insti-
,r,iops for the deaf and dumb and blind
visited the ground and remained during
the days exhibition.
When General Lee entered the grounds
there was great enthusiasm, and cheer after
cheer rent the air.
Commodore Maury's address was fixed
for to-day, and upon his appearance ne was
most cordially greeted. He spoke to an
audience of thousands. He was introduced
in happy manner by the Hon. John B.
Baldwin. He spoke as follows:
Commodore Maury said he did not come
to make speech, but to have little plain
talk with the Augusta farmers. They tell
NE you are wanting in energy and lack
enterprise. The spectacle before us does
oil
siler the amount of money and the readi-
ness with which you have contributed it for
the purchase and establishment Of these
Fair Grounds. ] think it is mistake.
do not believe it; and as error is always
mischievous, think it best to correct the
false impression. Apparently, the North
is more prosperous than the South,
because the North is manufacturing
and commercial, and the South is
agricultural. In all manufacturing and
commercial communities products are con-
ceutrated, and there is show of life
ami activity which is never seen in agri-
cultural communities, because labor is there
dittuscd. Another reason is, that the sta
tistics showing the rewards of labor at the
South are not quite fairly presented for
instance, suppose that one of your neigh
bor5, IN giving an account OF his earn
ings during the year, says he had har-
vested so many barrels of corn worth FIVE
dollars per barrel, had killed so many hun
drcd weight of pork worth eight cents per
found, and had so many pounds of bacon
worth twelve cents but when you come to
catechise him a little closer, you found it
had taken all Of his corn to fatten his
pork, and all Of his pork to make his bacon.
Now, this is the way with the hay crop Of
the North, which they tell you is worth as
much az the cotton Of the South. In the
last returns the hay crop is put down at
upwards of $500, 100000 the value OF the
live stock at a little more, and the value Of the
cheese and butter at many millions, when
the hay went to make it all. There is still
another reason for this apparent greater
Prosperity and apparent show Of greater
energy and enterprise at the North. Ac-
cordlng to the census OF 1880 the popula-
ton Of the United States was very nearly
equally divided between the North and the
South, and according 10 the returns of the
subsequent census the ratio of natural
Increase was greater at the South than
at the North, but Notwithstanding this the
population at the North in 1860 was in round
numbers eleven millions greater than that
atthe South. Did it ever occur to you when
an emigrant comes into the country to cal
cuate how much he adds to the national
wealth-not by the money which he brings,
but by the labor which he is able to per-
form For that labor you will pay him at
least 800 year. He therefore represents
an industrial capital of which 500 year
j. the interest; precisely in the same way
that steam-engine by the labor which it is
capable Of performing represents an in
dusirial capital. The labor, therefore,
OF white man represents quite as
much industrial capital as the labor
Of negro before the war, which for
an ahle-bodied man varied from $500
to$l 800. Taking old and young, male and
female, let us suppose that each emigrant
represents an industrial capital of $400,
ana then we must take these eleven mil
Mons OF excess of northern population as the
number Of emigrants, and descendants of
thllgrants, that have come into the country
since 1850 and settled at the North. Null
uply that by S400 and you have 81 4,400,-
(VoV,VO0 which the North has acquired, not
oy any superior energy, but by the mere
lHnu1 OF labor from abroad. Suppose these
e!e'en millions had settled in Virginia,
"hat would have been the wealth of the
S'.'e SO much for what has transpired
peiore the war.
some public speakers are continually
p94hNng TO this and that source of indus
Hi' ana because it has not been fully de-
,etoPea, charging the southern people with
San' Of energy. / maintain that you-the
iatlnerS Of Augusta-the country gentle
men oi the South-have not been excelled in
'Ai0 respect by any other people in the
Sor!o certainly not by the people Of the
-,o''h, Man for man, you are not sur
passed by any people anywhere. This
may surprise some, but maintain it; and
:" ylndlcate you, appeal to facts and figures
S Sn1 70 the official records of the United
"a'eS Government itself. There has been
established e. in Washington Bureau of
STATISTICS, of which Mr.. Alexander Delmar
is the chief. He makes report on COM
meice and navigation for the year 1867
ana sends it to the Secretary of the Trea-
o:u.sy, who forwards it to Congress for the
Information I Of the nation. My facts and
"guie6 are on the authority of this gentle
man. They were obtained under oath, and
al least those Of them which relate to the
exports Of domestic produce, from which !
,?uo'e' we're obtained under oath from ships