The Hawaiian gazette., 1868-11-11
Duchies of the EIbe and the Electorate of

at first, TO refuse compliance with Aus
tria's demand, and of offering resistance.
At the opening Of the Legislative As
sembIy, he delivered warlke speech, and
called Mr.. Won Radowitz to the Ministry.
The army was put on war footing, and
the Landwehr called out. A spirit of pa
triotism animated the whole country, which
longed for renewal of the glorious days
of Frederic the Great. But Schwartzen-
berg assembled on the frontiers of the
Electorate of Hesse a formidable army Of
100000 men with promptitude that pat
all Europe in CONSERVATION, and gave evil
dence of the great changes brought about
in strategy by the use of railway convey
ances. War seemed to be inevitable. The
Crown Prince, now King, of Prussia, urged
it, and the Conservative party itself was
led to advocate it.
On the 9Th Of November, shots were
exchanged between the sentries of the two
yanguards, and the Austrian Envoy, Mr..
de Prokesch, on the Goth of the same
month, summoned Prussia to evacrate the
territory of Hesse within twenty-four
hours. AT this supreme crisis, the King
paused, and would not accept the respon-
Iibility of bloody fight between Ger
mans he yielded. Mr.. Won Radowitz
resigned, and was replaced by Mr.. de Man
teuffel, who was obliged to go to Olmutz,
and submit to the cruel orders Of Schwart-
zenberg. Prussia was compelled to sacri-
ice her allies of Schleswig and Hesse, and
to recognize the authority of the Diet,
where her rival reigned and ranked over
all and her yexation attained the climax
when the Austrian Minister published q
naughty circular, in which, while COM
placently enumerating the defeated pro-
jects of Frederic William, he boasted Of
having restored peace and order in Ger
many.
These events have been exactly repro
duced in 1866, but in reversed manner.
Austria had then her Bismarck, and she
was likely to succeed at that time, when
all Europe was carried along by violent
reaction against the revolution of 184s,
to the principles of which Prussia was the
only adherent. The secret of success in
politics is to know clearly the object to be
attained to pursue only what is practica-
BILE; and, above all, not to act in contra
dictory way. If Frederic William aimed
at unifying Germany, in spite of the claims
of the sovereigns, he had but to frankly
join the revolutionary parties in Hungary
and Italy, and to overthrow the conserva-
tive power of Austria, while she was fight
ing against her revolted subjects. If he
was not ready for that course of action, it
were better that he kept quiet. Since
those disastrous times, however, it can be
noticed that Prussia has profted by her
hard lesson. Olmutz was engraved in the
heart of Prussia and of its army, and it
was at that time that the present King
resolved to make the army yet more strong
and powerful. Sadowa has been the re-
venge for Olmutz. iaHn9eE
Austria, having thus affirmed her
strength, endeavored, in the laborious con-
ferences of Dresden, to enter the Confed-
Grafton with all her provinces. She failed,
however, owing to the opposition of the
foreign Powers, and of minor German
States, which did not wish to see Austria,
any mere than Prussia, enjoying an abso-
lutte preponderancy. Germany was Obliged
to resume the old regime of 1915. OF so
many efforts and hopes; of so many pro-
jects of reform, nothing was left but a
great depression of confidence and pro-
found irritation. Each effort towards
unity brought more complete disunion.
The Germans" wrote Borne, =" know
how to suffer together, but do not know
how to act together" German unity
as was stated in an Austrian pamphlet ol
that time, ais like the quadrature of the
circle when you think you have it, you
discover that it is impossible to get it."
However, the national feeling persisted
and received something like an electric
shock on the End of December, 1851.
Germany did not look without anxiety
upon the resurrection of the Napoleonic
dynasty; and when, in 1859. the Emperor
Napoleon Ill. passed the Alps to free the
Italians, his words gave to the movemen.
towards unity, on the other side Of the
Rhine, renewed Impetus The Sove-
reigns-and above all, ultramontane Ba-
varia, thought of uniting with Austria
against France; but the liberals, on the
contrary, were happy to countenance the
French intervention, which, in attacking
Austria, was doing away with the only
complishment Of unity. The Chief of the
Social Democracy, Lasalle, published re-
markable pamphlet, in which he said
(" TIE war of Italy is not only sanctioned
by true Democratic principles, bat it is an
immense advantage for Germany, and
brings salvation with it. Napoleon III.
in inviting Italians, by his proclamation
to drive the Austrians out of the PENN
sula, accomplishes a German mission by
overthrowiDg Austria, the real obstacle to
the unity Of Germany. If the political
map of Europe is to be changed in the
name of nationalities, in the South, the
same principles will be triumphant in the
North. Let, then, Prussia act without
hesitation, if she does not want to give
proof that Monarchies are incapable o.