The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-10-15
HINTS ON AGRICULTURE.
Farm Work for October.
From the MARYLAND Farmer.l

readers concerning the work to be done TINS
mouth. Everybody knows that 1t marks me IN
close of the agricultural season; besides the
seeding of wheat, and the IN gathering o.
corn and roots, the chief WORK 70 pe uone as y,
| q d. sultorv kind. Preparation for winter must
now be made The barns, outhouses, fences
rates in order, the agricultural implements
| should be looked over and repaired Wherever
renair ia wanted before storing them away;
and finally all rough material that IS capaple o.
being converted into manure should be coilecte5
and piled up for use during the winter ano m
spring. Where large Quantities I Of te seoGH dnaWn
kept and the greater quantity OF tne Eramn W
from the farm is consumed On it, particular at,
tention should be paid to the preservation OF
the manure so made. 1t ought never u 1e GA;
posed to the teaching rains OF the laI aLu ~
spring season, but il not put un1er co1ei, ;ns
form OF the yard should be sufhclenti! uisn
shaped to save all the drainage so tna1 iIas 10,
| be returned to the manure When heapeu ", ioi
fermentation, or in the manufacture OF com
nosts. The loss of the best portions OF tine ma
npnre hv Wishing rains OF by evaporation Is d
serons loss to the farmer, and is an evidence
| of carelessness against which he snouia 1T a'l
times sedulously guard. The WORK [or Tile
month is as follows
The nreoaration of the soil intended to DC
seeded down to wheat should be OF the host
thorough kind. The general course IN lnIs
lotitnde. to give it but one ploughlng, except
On Jirht loan1y aud clean lands, is not what II
oucht to be. If wheat follows oats, as on tpc
pennsylyania system of rotation, the oat stuD-
ble should have been ploughed under Ill july,
or nor later than early in August. he GROUND!
should then have been narrowed ana sullSreo
to lie fallow until about the middle OF ocP-
tember, when it should have oeen Cross
plouehed and suffered to remaln IN t4e
shonld be borne in mind, however, that
the hest preparation for wheat Is clover
law tnrned over fiat about ten days Before
seeding, SO that fermentation may nave set
in. and that the best method OF seeding ls by
the drill, wherever that implement ls availapie,
not only because it effects consldcrap.e say :,
inc in seed wheat, but because wheat drilled
in stands the winter better. Every body knows
that wheat does not succeed well in light loamyi
soils. and that the presence Of lime, potash and
fhe nhosphates well distributed throughout
the soil is essential not only to the vigorous
growth Of the plant, but especially 10 lts yleiu
in grain. Where these constituents ale want
ing, or are even deficient in an appreelaole de-
gree. they must either be supplied from such
sources as are most easily attalnaDie, OF the
product at harvest will be small.
Ordinary barn-yard manure where STOCK
have been we'll fed, and the manure well ker {,
contains most of the substances enumcra tcu
above with the exception OF lime and phos-
phoric acid.
Professor Norton, commenting on the above,
remarks: ION all worn out or fallln% wheat
lands. the experiment OF adding phosphateS
may be used with great probability OF success;
that is to saw, some combination OF phosphorlc
acid in addition to half or two-shlrds the usual
allowance of common manure" Ground oones,
or the commercial phosphates, or comblna-
ton of phosphates with Peruvian guano IN the
absence of an adequate quantity OF manure,
will answer the purpose admirably. Professor
Norton desires 1t to be understood, ana Ill lLls
We perfectly agree with HIM, that the phos-
nhates are not to be recommended as spe-
cic in all cases; but that in tue larger portion
of the soils which have been lcnG under cultl-
vatian they will be found remarkably cihca-
cious. ..,:..
wheat is from the 23d OF September to the
close of the first week in October !ne carrier e
season being the best where there Is no lcar
Quantity OF Seed to the Acre.-For the drill,
which is decidedly the best method OF seeding,
five pee will be sufficient. When seeded
broadcast, from one and half to two bush
els, according to the quantity ofthe land. .,
Water Furrows.-After seeding lay OIL the
water furrows in such directions rs will Gu able
them to carry off all surplus w.ter without
washing the burrows deeply. Examine these
furrows oc aslonally throughout the wlntel
and spring aud remove all obstacles 10 perle
drainage
The manure pile has been hamorously stylet
the Farmers Bank of Deposit and IN truth
| nothing tends moro to make farming pro-
| fitablc than care spent in collecting and pre-
serving manure. Much OF the best OF the
manure on the generality OF farms is suffered
| Io lttGn.
tion is also given to the making OF compost
heaps. vet when these are properly made they
are capable OF furnishing an ab-ndaut supply
of plant food for the growing crops. a.
| odd times during the fall of the year Il
would certainly not be difficult to collect
large amount of raw materials to be used II
the compost heap. Rough fodder, the scrap
ipes of ditches the turf OF headlands, marsh
muck. woods mould, &C., should be gotten to
eether and formed into compost, with one
sixth of barn yard manurcs, say two feet II
thickness, and following it another layer e.
compost, working thus in alternate layers o
manure and compost gradually lessenlnG th'
thickness of the layer OF manure until the neal
is completed. When this has been done
holes should be made in the heap from the tol
downwards, into which the black water OF tn!
fermentation sets in. When the hea. is wc'
fermented, break il down, mix /, WI: ~. !
will be ready for carting out.
HARVESTING ROOT! IND PUMPKINS.
During this month pumpkins grow IN tn,
field, and all tender roots should be gathered
and carefully housed before they are touchet
with the frost.
| CATTLE SHEDS.
See that good warm cattle sheds arc provided
for the protection OF the stock against the III
clemcncy of the winter. Cattle well housed
REQUIRE less food than when exposed to th
weather, and will keep in better condition.
WET LANDS.
All wet lands should be carefully drained
The greater portion of these lands are amons
ihe most fertile when made properly dry b.
drains and bitches. and BY this process tn
ranker grasses and sweet nutritious grasse
can be grown to perfection.
FALL PLoUGHINa.
All stiff clays, when. they are not too wet
will be greatly benefited by fall ploughlng
The ridges should be left rough, so that tn
largest 20 ssible surface OF the upturned soil
| exposed to the action of frost.
|
MACON AND AUGUSTA RAILRoAD.-We intend
ed to correct mistake earlier, which occurred
in this column the other day, saving the Stat
| had agreed to loan this road $4,000. An
Il. l,nrvn