The Hawaiian gazette., 1868-07-01

Wider, 70 amend the Constitution. by
dividing the Assenbly again into tzC
chambers. were Suggestive Some Of the
Representatives IN the debate asserted
that tAsir 5cs1ch vas shoru Of lis po'rel
By the preseur arrangement; the hoaors
bic Noble. showed eooclasivsly that i
was the second estate which bad most
reason to deprecste the present form q
the ASSEMBLY. that it Was. TO use bis ex-
pressive E0rd. s1c'u7z2sG Whereas the
HoGse Il Nooles formerly Ezs eo-ordi-
uars 6Vsack- complete IN Itself i check
90 the popular bra1ch with a eomplsts
ssEs. sP0U a8y measures Ehieb night pass
the tSWer house. row It has no powers
whatever To carry a8ythiBg or 90 any
thing and 20 decisive i1Gzsnce upou the
policy Of the aatio0- Reaso0iug purely
f-oGI political principles. and historic s1-
ample. the merging Of "a upper with a
lower house L ~ immense gain 70 the
latter, and BY democratic writers IS Coz
<iGered as Al advantage 70 the people
IN ulouarchieal forms Of government this
Is evidently the ease and notable proof
Is shown By the procedure Of the NG-iooal
C0ngeGti01. AZ she commencement Of the
French Rsv0l1tion- L was oas Of the
first s59rts q the Leaders OF the demo
cratic sitis- 70 brsak doEu the chamber
Of the Peers and cagse them TO ST With
the Deputies II o1e undivided Assembly.
Il was impossible for the latter To exercise
power over the policy Of the coGnsry.
ard gin their proposed ends. without
aioPtiag this system OF s~ampiug the
votes Of the N0bles.
Eilgilzh hissary also shows that the
dlEisi9u Of the PaEEansnt into Two houses
WIS not for the deveIopenaent and e7-
hrgeueut Of the popular Liberties, bat to
check the FrsPoudsratiug power Of the
Cemmous 70 protect not only the rights
Of the privileged class. lat the State Itself
from hasty 4n,i un~lse legislation
The pare democracy Of ancient Athens,
soalG uo5 brock division Of the isgis-
Ezive f1netiouz- Each citizen clafuled
direct influence upon the executive
through Pgpglar assembIage- UadoGbted-
iy the legitimate eor0Uary Of popular
soSsrzguty. which 50 many Use, Eithaut
fuIy considering It's logical bearings Is,
that the legislative Pozer- should be con
tr0lled either bE the people II person or
thar representatives. and admit Of 10
secu1d ehauber above them It L in
agined By suBe. thai the system adopted
3 the Tuited States both II their State
an,i FsisraI Governments. WIS chosen,
because q Itz aIIrCling greater protection
70 the Ebsrtiez Of the people. and TO give
them a ehsck EPoa any sncroaehmsnts
b the s1sclltTve- or against power be
coming centralized IN the hands Of their
chosen rulers.
The cautra-y was the case and these
wise msu especially who constructed the
Csnstitatioa cf the Uniou- saw It vas
necessary Tor the seIfase and perFetuity
Ct the State to protect the Pecpls fun
themselves. h-um hasoy- GnEi=s and ia1-
polite Iegisiarinu. and to preserve the
executive fruu becsuIiug a mere shadow
The Senate Eas f1rued to Be huEE4rk
to the se<srsignty OF the sevsral Suites.
az vel As a check apou tse Legislative
tsnEeur.ies Of the representatives Of the
people anG As Ear as possible to suhody
conservative iufGsucss. Ehirh N Gtker
countries. are belizEeG 60 resHis n the
Aa,iesf and PriTIleged classes. Pszsyfya-
ma AZ first attempted a singis house
Of assembly Hsr polsEigians and even
FrankIn bimseiE vas 20 EIr carried away
ag the necessary euaEsqasnees sf the
principle Of the soEsrsiguty Ct the PeupIe-
a. u hare c01czrrsd IN the measure L
= the tendency af EegisIAtivs bodies To
sneFsaeh aPsu the authority Of Govern
msnE aad 70 appraprass Il entirely 70
themselves This vzs the rzszIr N Pen
syfsanIa. the zagis assembly Eas taa GesH-
ocratier tsa Pa4sriui- and they soon ehosz
70 sorrsct thiz tsndsney- BY is division
inta tEe chan1ters
The 5riHeiple b Esii Illustrated N ths
proceeding By which Fsderzl Senator's zrz
canssn By the State legislators The
tzo branches meet N joint halIse- &c
chacss their Senator'S. and By this means.
tks Eutss at tae hEsr hrIneh. which
aIElIEs ouEnHnhsrz the uFFsr, sirtzaiy
sset ths Fsrsau. vh0 3 CHOSEN "a that
high seicz- The rsprsssntzrIFss aFFrs-
eia1s flIy shs great gain 70 themselves
By kazTzg tbs Important eEeeri0n n iaIut
tnIsf. and net s'lhi5lscr . he usual process
Ct arsifnnFF Ieg;isiafzEz busiaszz-
ThsnrsticaliF then. L Eas dHgula- n