The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-10-26

Historical Sketch Of the Oriental
Republic Of Uruguay.
Brazilian AggressiOns in La
Plata Valley.
Secret Causes Of the Allied War
Against Paraguay.

The oriental Republic OF Uruguay would be the
happiest of all South America II It's two powerful
neghbors Brazil and the Argentine Republic) did
not periodically disturb it's progress by kindling
civil warfare throughout its whole extent. The Ar
gentine and Brazilian interference in "Orenta'
AFFAIRS dates from the epoch OF the occupation Of the
country by the Spanish government.
Upon the cry Or independence given In Buenos
Ayres May 25 1910, the "Banda Oriental"-to-day
the "Republic Of Uruguay"-immedlarely re-
sponded, directed by Don Jose A. de Artegas who
arose in one Of the towns Of the interior.
Scarcely was the war with Spain initiated when
serious differences sprung up between the Oriental
chief and Buenos Ayres. The "Porteios," as
the Buenos Ayreans styled themselves, pre-
tended TO inherit from Ferdinand VII, aud
to subject to their domination all the
provinces OF the old viceroyalty. Artegas OPP
posed this claim far 1t referred to his province
aud selected the federal principle the roper sy5-
tenn OF government
When the oriental and Argentine forces besieged
the city OF Montevdeo then In power of the Spanish
Governor yIgodet, the chief OF the first discovered
plot OF the Argentines TO seize his person. He IN
consequence W thdrew to the interior OF the country
with all his forces, exercising entire authority in
every district. The Argentines sent four expeditions
TO bring him 10 obedience but all of them were
routed although they We're commanded by the cele-
brated General Dorrega, Baron of 0lemberg, who
was made prisoner, but generously restored to
liberty At this honorable conduct OF the brave
Artegas. who had conquered upon the field of battle
and pardoned his enemies Buenos Ayres responded
by fixing high price upon the head OF the Oriental
chief
Artegas caused to rise against his enemy the Ar
gentine provinces OF Santa Re, Entire Rios and Cor
doba, whose governments placing themselves under
his orders, proclaimed him Protector Of the Free
Countries" Buenos Ayrean pride then abated its
pretensions and sought the friendship of Artegas.
The supreme Director Colonel Puyrredon asked
for peace and as conciliatory Offering. sent four
Of Arsegas' worst enemies to the encampment which
he then occupied at Purlfcacon at the confluence Of
the river Daman with the Uruguay The answer OF
the Oriental chief was worthy OF the heroes
s'Say 60 your government" exclaimed he to the COM
missioner Of PuyrredOn that Artegas Is not the exc
cutiOncr OF the PorteiiOs ~
There was no method OF coming 10 an understand
ing. Unitarianisn governed the people OF Ruenos
Ayres, and the 0rientals were firm in
their determination to only form part OF
the Argentine nation q federal province.
The BueDos Ayrean government then sent secret
mission to Brazil which resulted in the invasion OF
the Banda Oriental by O Portuguese army which bore
the title OF the 'Armv OF Publications. Against
this army Artegas rsSed two battles. In the second
he was completely routed and returned to Entire
Rios TO reorganize his forces. Here his Lieutenant
Ramirez, Governor of Entire Rios, his native pro-
vince, whose ambition had been awakened with an
independent command, seeing his commander over
thrown and with few troops remaining. declared
against him and obliged him to seek an asylum in
Paraguay, which then segregated from the
Argentine Republic and dominated by Francia owing
to the resistance which Buenos Ayres made to the
federal system also proposed by Paraguay to the
nrn ,iuofnn Dafsv r,,.
verrla.
cannot neglect to allude to an act OF Artegas
which revealed his great soul. When abandon
ing forever the heroes with whom he had fought and
who had accompanied nim. ~ have said he, 1900,
which ! might divide among you; but there
Others more unfortunate than you, and l intend il
for them. Your patriot companions prisoners in
the prison pens OF Fort Santa Cruz, they shall re-
ceive our remembrances and this succor.n Juan
Espinosa, one Of his companions carried through
many dangers this ald to the capital Of the Portu-
guese possessions aud delivered IL TO the commander
Buenos Ayres had conquered its rival and expatri.
ated him forever. but the Banda Oriental remained
IN power OF the Crown OF Portugal. In after years
the Uruguayans, with religious respect for the re-
mains OF their former leader removed them to the
Cemetery OF Montevldeo. over these remains the
patriotism OF the present generation has erected
monument bearing the following inscription
nationality
against bold enemy, General Artegas Is still the
rebel and anarchist chief
In 1874 came the independence OF Brazil. and the
Portuguese, disgust against their old emancipated
colony, agreed with the Oriental patriots to make
movement which should restore 10 these the pos
session OF the country. This attempt, made u Few
months after, failed, for the reason that Colonel
Iusos Rivera, very influential man in the country
districts. anu who afterwards took q very active
no In the civil chief Of the Colorado patty,
cspoused the cause OF the Brazilians lie forced
Colonels Lavalleja and Oribe and Others who had
sou yht the aid OF the portuguese aud who were TO
be the leaders In tie movement, to seek On asylum
IN Buenos Ayres hers they remained several years.
formularlzing projec.s for the redemption OF Their
oppressed country. They were closely watched by
witch Ina ccnrsd e Banda ORIENTAL D the cispala
tine province aud admitted II into the empire
through rrmped.up Incorporation made by few
Things lasted un.n 1926, when, az the re-
suit OF secretly organized expedition, Laval
at the head OF thrty-one companions more, and dis
embarked at tnc 4renal Grande, little above tue
crate their country from the foreign yoke or perish
In the EFFORT.
The towns pronounced in favor OF the liberaiors.
Justos Rivera, in he service OF the empire, which
had raised him 10 the rank OF General and Com.
manderIn-I HE OF al the interior, was taken almost
ny surprise and decided III favor OF the movement OF
the patriots. Inc Oriental column growing larger
day by day, at the same time combating the imperial
detachmenls was enabled on the 18Th or OCTOBER,
1925 after eight DAYS OF the most violent marching.
TO prevent the incorporation OF brazilian division
this in the heIds Of sarahd ana the most complete
triumph repaid the vaior and the PATRIOTISM OF the
llbera.ors since hat time the people venerate the
names OF the 'thrty-three," 70 whose efforts they
owe country and freedom. Now commences the
hottest OF the struggle. The 0rientals night
alone; the public opinion Of Buenos Ayres
begins to be agitaied In their favor; the
people desire their government TO lend aid 10 the
revOlutioDists, VINO though triumphant, were too
feeble TO fght Tor a long time with hope OF success
against all the power o the empire. The Orfentais
understand hat the Argentine government Will not
compromis itself In the strife except for their own
and direct Denent therefore te end their vacilaons
they sacrifice part the dearest aspirations OF the
people. 1hey convoke an assembly OF deputies ia the
Villa de Florida ana declare the Banda Oriental an
Plata Buenos Ayres Is pleased and satisfied with
this act Of the legitimate representatives OF the In
habtants OF Uruguay. People and government
launch with energy into the contest The Argentine
army crosses the Uruguay under orders OF General
Alvear, Incorporates tsef with the Oriental forces;