The New York herald., 1868-06-18

CUBA A.-~~----e-.-s--.~sa--
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The steamer Morro Castle, Captain Adams from
Havana June 1s arrived at this port yesterday after
noon. M rear a
Valuable Statistics Of the CooIie Trade
Something for the Anti-siavery Philanthro-
pists 70 study-The Coolie and tho Cuban
Lower Glasses Compared-Whero Are Our
HAVANA, June Is, 1868.
Tho gigantic proportions which the Chinese immi-
grafton has assumed and the interest In China
afairs awakened In consequence OF the arrival OF
special embassy from that empire In the United
States and expected in this island may claim all the
attention our statistics can satisfy few state
ments relating thereto may not be devoid Of interest
to your numerous readers and prove OF great value
to Mr.. Burlingame.
During the first period OF coolie immigration, en-
bracng Ave years, ending in 1866, q ships
arrived with a. 542 Cinnamon, out OF 1904 shipped
from China 2,152 having died on the passage or Is
per cent The next five years, ending In 1851, ITO
vessels arrived, which landed ~ SO2, out OF 40 S29
shipped the mortality therefore, amounting to 1920
or lax per cent. For the following dve years, end
ing in 1885, II vessels arrived and landed a. 1884, out
of "a. 796 shipped from China, only showing NOR
tally OF 19l2 or per cent Thus for fifteen years
Vessels,
from China e00lo coolies and only landing in Cuba
7s,72s-causing loss Of life during the passage Of
less than IL 291 souls, or an average mortality for
the fifteen years of l1e5 per cent Is this not fright
fur Compared with the tonnage employed we
ind the mortality shows one death for every
13A tons OF the first five years. one
for every 1920 tons the second five years
and one for every 22.7O tons the third five years.
This mortality, however, is limited to the deaths
arising only on and from the voyage, which from its
character Ia naturally attended with caamties that
are unknown to any others than those of the African
slave trade The mortality after landing will be seen
hereafter.
Happily the Americans and English have been ex-
cluded from this lucrative but reprobate trade by
their respective legislators.
From the above Statements it will be that the
OF fifteen ships to 1885, and that the annual average
immigration OF coolies Is 5,240, up to that period in
IN e ~ rae aSe na 1e 20 ts
demand for coolie labor on the plantations-party
due to the natural and serious decrease Of negro Ia
Dor, not only In consequence OF the cessation OF
African Importation but also because Of its ever de-
creasing slave population, and partly owing to the
great increase Of crops which has filed the pockets
OF planters and has thereby created consequent
desire to cultivate more land while the sun shines.
The number Of ships that arrived in 1851, against
the average Of the fifteen preceding years. was AZ,
landing 14247, against an average OF 5249 coolies.
spanish dag saw II; next follow the French 10; Of
Portuguese, s; Russian. A; Austrian, .; Dutch, 2;
Belgian, l and Bremen l. During the present year,
Judge from the number that have 80 far arrived.
Last year they continued to appear as late as in
OF the Chinese that arrive here as field labOrers,
farccaly denominated oolonos Astottoos are en-
ployed in factories and other manufacturing estab-
iisiments. Many are kept as domestics Many
more are sent to sugar and tobacco plantations BY
an %
wealth. driving his carriage and bestowing no
thought or attention upon those that made him what
he is Not q few of the coolies are employed by old
colonzationi Yet they are termed by the spaniards
CotOnOs ASt0ttc0s, and sign articles accordingly.
But c0I0aos or otherwise, how are they treated
on the pantatiOnss Your readers have heard enough
been faithfully recorded. 1t is true that, like the
poor Africans, the Chinese laborerS have their Stdt
%so sse s no 0i
ls done him by his task-master. Whatever protec-
tton the African may owe to these syndics nobody
benefit that he had ever applied for It, The fact
Is that the Cinnamon have too good sense to do so
that they generally remain in ignorance OF the
Whereabouts If not existence OF their legal protec
town were not so great he would not be allowed to
leave 1t on any pretence whatever But let US sup
S sS Say Versed dnG In e Spanish
knows too well that his contractor or task master
ing it out that he is the party to blame. The
sndvora'es or overseers who control the coolies
Class ON the Of aways are spossd Sem
as African slaves. The result is that the
Cinnamon are ever and anon in mutiny, and not
unfrequently kill their tOrmentOrs, and then they
punished by the Christian laws of civilized cOun
tries 1t is not surprising, therefore, that most OF
will not venture to say how many Of the Chinese
lab0rers die from excess OF labor deficiency OF pro-
per food, bad treatment, improper use Of opium,
suicides, bad habits, crime, punishment, &C. But
what do dare to state s that out of 5O S44 coolies
imported during the first two periods OF hve years.
census In 1861 thus showing mortality OF 20972 or
S6s9 per cent You may be sure that since the last
census was taken the mortality may be assumed in
the proportion of forty per cent on the number
landed, fifty per cent on the number shipped from
China.
Those Cinnamon that ever have q fair chance to
return to their country are 80 few that the number
small fraction. Now and then 1t Is true, q small
number that manage to hoard up after serving their
time sum sufficient to prepay % y es ss 40 so
bark America, Captain Ferreiros, for Macao These
had served out their period OF indenture. The law
here provides that when coolies term OF service Is
over he must either leave the island at his own
pense, renew the contract or otherwise show means
the government and set to labor upon the public
works without pay; thus more than repaying all
Wishes to apply himself to some branch OF industry
trade, he must pay for license, to obtain which
ne must become Roman Catholic, M and IN making
the application has to annex his photograph likeness
to the petition 10 the bishopric Of Havana.
An ingenious method for the discovery OF runaway
coolies understand was adopted not long ago by
taking their kenesses and in the House OF Correction
complete collection Of Chinese photogr apis viii be
found by any taskmaster that may claim the runa-
way.
surely, Mr.. Burlingame and his Mongoian con-
freres will find this co0e business well worth
their attention. l could say great deal more
about the Chinese population In this island,
but for the present will only state that there exists
remarkable contrast in the educational advantages
OF these poor deluded Cinnamon over many other
classes OF people on this island. sufnce i TO say
that I have never found co0lie yet but who could
both read and write Now, according to the last
census the total population Of the island s given at
l. 3o8 $50 souls. The whites number ,4S4 OF whom
ei237s single and only ISL Ill are married There