The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1868-07-10

CHARLESTON, S.
of poverty and toll may become the chief maeis
trate of the republic, tho diffusion OF intelli
cence among the masses IL not only measur
of public justice, but vitality concerns the pub
lie safety.
Tho Government of the United States ha
been so mindful Of the importance Of pOpula
education, that it has already given 1000, ,Oo
of acres Of public lands, worth at least ninet.
millions 1886, ,0O0, ,000J of dollars for the estab
lishment Of schools and colleges in the States
and territories of the Union. would, there
fore, earnestly recommend that the provision
Of our constitution upon this subject be car
| ried out in it's fullest oxtent, aud that al
! thorough system Of free schools shall bt
| established as is consistent with the present
taxable resources Of the State.
deem it proper to add, that satisfactory
assurances are giyon that Congress Will, within
| a brief period, make liberal grant OF public
lands to this State. for tho creation OF per
manent common school fund, thus in grea,
measure relieving our people from the burden
| of taxation for that special object. respect
| fully suggest that yon will memoriali2e tho
| Congress of the United States upon thus sub
] ject, and solicit the grant refereed to at the
earliest possible day.
Article 10. section 8, Of the Constitution,
provides that 'there shall be kept open, ut least
six months in each year, one or more schools
in each school district"
I respectfully recommend that the General
Assembly will provide by law fbr the estab-
lishmens Of at least two (2) schools in each
| school district when necessary, and that one
OF said schools shall be set apart and deaignat-
other for white children, the school fund to be
distributed equally to each class, in proportion
to the number Of children In each between
the ages Of six and sixteen years. I deem
this separation Of the two races In the public
schools matter Of the greatest importance to
all Glasses Of our people.
While the moralist and the philanthropist
cheerfully recognizes the fact that GOD hath
made of one blood all nations Of men," yet the
statesman, in legislstipg for a political society
that embraces two distinct, and, in some meas
uIe, antagonistic races, in the great body OF
it's electors must, as far aa the Law Of equal
rights will permit, take coEnizance OF existing
prejudices among both. In school districts,
hsIs the e Es o9aa saars1
cd, or partially excluded fIom the schools,
while the same result may accrue to the whites
in those districts where colored children are IN
the majority, unless they shall be separatedb by
Law as herein recommended. Moreover, it is
the declared design Of the Constitution that
all classes OF our people shall be educated, but
not to provide for the separation Of the TWO
races, will be to repel the masses OF the whifes
from the educational training that they 80
much need, and virtually to give to our color
ed population the exclusive benefit Of our pub
lie schools. Let us, therefore, recognize facts
as they are. aud rely upon time and the elevat.:
ing influence OF popular education, to dispal
any unjust prejHdices that may exist among
the two races OF our fellow-citizens.
AGRICULTURE.
The concentrate IN Of labor snd capital upon
one product, and that two extremely liable to
the varying hazards Of the seasons and the
worm, has retarded the agricultural prosperity
Of South Caroline, and OF the entire South.
walton of several products, 30 that although
the season may be unpropitious for one, ne
may preserve the other. he should not int-
tate the unwise merchant, who embarks his
all, though uninsured, in single ship.
The impolicy OF concentrating 30 large
portion Of labor upon cotton, instead OF divld-
ing it among mixed crops Of corn, wheat, pota-
toes, &C., and the products OF the dairy, Is best
illustrated by the following facts drawn from
the census OF 1860, and tbereport OF the United
States Commissioner of Agriculture for 1866.
Tho cotton cropIof Georgia, the Empire State OF
tho South, in 1860 WAS 701, $40 bales, yielding
little more than thirty millions $3.50 0O0, ,OO0l OF
dollars; while the butter Of New York in 1865,
ono Of several products Of the dairy, was esti-
mated at sixty millions ($6O, ,OOO, ,OO0 of dollars.
Yet the census gives to New York but 47O,9 GA
farmers and farm laborers, and to Georgia, in
cluding white farmers and farm laborers, end
only the males of the slaves, SIG, ,478
persons engaged in agriculture. Should
tho females slaves be included, Georgia
would have actually had larger number OF
farm laborers than the State OF New York. Be-
.lae %I,a t6or 1oi mil NhanQ1
and tie multitude of smaller products OF the
farm, the principal crops make in value an as-
founding aggregate. Thus, in 1854, tho corn
crop OF New York was estimated at s98, ,00O, 009,
the wheat at s25 900 900, the oats at $50, 600 0O0
potatoes ut S19 Qo0, 600, and hay at $50 600 600.
Including the MINOR cereals, the products -of
orchards and gardens, the production OF beef
and mutton from pasturage and great va
riety Of miscellaneous products, the cn rencY
value of the agricultural productions Of this
one State, in that year. was far greater than
the money returns Of any cotton crop ever pro-
duc,d in this country; and the gold value OF
such products would be greater than the gold
value Of half the cotton crop Of 1860, the
largest ever made in the United States.
The grand results are not due to any supe-
riorty Of soil or climate above our Own, but
properly directed and -diversihed system OF
iabor and to superior agricultural Implements
and farm economy. The aggregate product Of
varied agricultural labors must always exceed
in value the yield of any one staple, however
VIZ and we'll organized may be- the system OF
lac5r applied to it, for marked success in the
production OF that one, will lessen its price by
an undue increase Of the supply over the de-
mand.
The introduction Of improved implements OF
husbandry is matter OF vital importance to
the farming interest Of the State. With the
aid of proper machinery and the proper use Of
fertilizers, our farmers will be enabled to Guilt.
vate a large area OF land and to cultivate 1t
more thoroughly than under the former system
when they cultivated'a very limited amount.
These considerations become oil the more
important in view Of the fact that, in South Ca
rolfna there are four millions "a, ,0O0,OOO) OF
acres OF land improved, while there ore nearly
twelve millions (12 0O0, ,000) Of acres unimprov-
ed. The recent discovery Of vast beds OF phos-
pilates of lime on the banks OF the Ashley,
near Charleston, will enable us to enrich our
worn out lands With that most valuable fertih-
zor at O comparatively small cost. Large
shipments OF this fertilizer are now being made
from Charleston to Northern ports, and which
might be manufactured here, and sold cheaply
to enrich the poor lands Of our own State.
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
invite your attention to sSection 8. Article
10, of the Constitution, which directs the Gem
eral Assembly to provide for the establishment
Of an Agricultural College, upon the basis set
forth in an act Of Congress ofJuly 2, 1862, pro-
viding for the endowment ct Agricul-
oNAka