Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1868-10-30
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"a - 9grirultural.


station, finding that without manure Their
can be nopaying crops, are awaling TO th
Importance Of outstanding all their manuria
resources, yet a vast majority Of Vernon
farmers do all the necessary labor for produe
ing full crops, and then accept half crop
Tor want Of skill and knowledge in regard {,
the aliment required foi the full develop
ment Of the growing plant.
a soil may have been naturally deficient il
some elements or may have bad an element
exhausted by excessive cropping. These, il
mary instances, may be probably restored
by system Of special manurins, like that
suggested by Prot. Viele Of the Jardin de
Plantes Of France: but the main dependence
of the farmer must always be on homemade
manure, and the chief supply Of this must
come from the E.rm-yard and the pig-sty.
DR.. Voelcker, Prof Of Chemistry IL the
Royal Agricultural College, Ci-cncester, Eng
land whose investigations Of this subject have
been BY far the most exhaustive ever ade.says
'' Chemically o5nsi7s7ea farm gard manure
1ira b. rCgar5ed as q ye-tect md unlrrrsq.
HaalTe. L lie universal manure because II
contains al the constituents which our crops
require to come % perfection. and is suited
hr almost every description Of agricultural
prrluee.7
o. Farm ya.i manure Is q perfect manure.
Ae,ause experience as well os chemical anal
7sis shows tha, the fc-tilizing constituents
u-e present IN dong in states IF combination
which appear to be- especially favorable to the
.-z-riaat growth o. oarcror=. Since the mum
Der Of tae 747i14- chemical compound. in
iaIm-sasd manure is exceedingly great. and
.aay. uD doubt. exist in O. different state OF
combination from thar in which they are OBJ
taiaei ou aualyzinc farm-yard manure. in
1ur present state Of knowledge it is imp z,i-
h.e so produce 90 concentrated, universal and
Te.fe,r mmu1e which might entirely super
-.e h,me-made dung
Scientific investigation las shown THAI tie
aa.ly galuable constituents of manure are
tlns that are soluble and easily assimi.aIed
by ice plant, and Of course these soluble con-
-,itaents are easily washed ont and carried
away hy the rains. hence the enormou-
waste that naturally follows the ordinary
method of treating farm yard-ruanures. The
practice of casting the manure OF the stabie-
oat beneath the caves Of the barn is MT So
general as formerly. and the use ofnbsorh-
eu-s. although by no means So general as il
mi-a' pr,dsabiy be. is growing into favor.
Barn cellars, 10 which TO store and compost
all tae manures and manurial matters of the
h1ia are in use IN some localities and high
lyaTIrovei. while the construction or such q.
permit the temporary storage Of the manure
til such time a, It is convenient u haul IL
oat upon the fields are becoming even more
lmm9n.
Or. Eoeleker's experiments and aualysisol
simple iarm-yard manure Of the usual varie-
iie-, with the usual litter. Ike. in it, c=,ablish
,1e following principles, which for want of
space we are compelled to very much con-
Isnse In fresh dung the proportion of sll-
abe organic and mineral substances is small.
while On the contrary the proportion Of in
i'ahle substances Is quite large. a com
larisoa Of the composition Of these sulstau-
,e- shows that the soluble are much more
ia.aabie than the insoluble. The effect of
he instuble substances Is chiefly moei ami
Il, tending to ameliorate the soil, but afford
~ no actual plant food.
In weli-rotted dung the proportion Of -olu-
lie matter fit for plant food Is very much in
-eased. Ofniuogen. the most valuable e.
ment. the increase Is very great. TIE dry
resh dung was found to contain but go
,er cent while the well rotted dung from the
anne sample contained 5.47.
The practical result Of these changes, If /
hat fresh manure in riTening becomes more /
.,uceutrated. more easily available as plant .
4y4 and more energetic and beneficial in It's |
.ctilr.
TIE question here arises whether in the I
hance from fresh TO rotten dung there If NOT I
loss Of valuable constituents. Dr.. Toeleber |
aye IT is inc1nsiderable while the manure
euain- at rest, but that the loss or turning /
he piles Is very considerable. He says
.. 1t may, therefore, be adyisa5len5tt5t turn +.
manure heaps more frequently than is ALSO
utc'y necessary
Bat in addition to the advantages derived
rom aaa-ing manure To prevent the washing
MT Of it, soluble constituents, Is the oFportu-
.ity afforded of converting large masses Of
.eat. turf and other substances into manure /
f equal value with the stable dung. Alex
nder Hyde, in an essay read before the Mass.
state Board Of Agriculture, savsthat GUAM
it, Of manure VIII convert twice the amount
f these substances which before were value
ess for manure, int manure Of equal value
,ith it-eE
In regard L. the cartin- OFT of The manure
nI stacking it ny into huge piles in the
orners Of the field as j. largely praeticei il
his section. prote--edIy TO prevent waste
'r. Voelcker says:
" The most eaoctual means of preventing
,ss in fertilizing matter Is TO cart the man
re directly on the field wherever circumstan-
e allow this TO be done. On all soils with
moderate proportion of clay no fear need
e entertaine5 ofvaluabls fertiiiznc substar-
es becoming wasted # the manure cannot be
Laughed in at once. Fresh and even well
tilted dung contains very little free ammonia.
nd with it the further evolution Of free an
ionia is stopped by spreading out the man
re on the fed, valuable volatile manurine
atters cannot escape into the air by adopt
e the plan.
! have no hesitation in saying tie manure
ay be spread even six months before it il
Laughed in, without losing any appreciable
lantity ofmanuring matter-. Am perfect
aware that on p stiff clay land. farm-yard
anure, more especially long dung, when
Laughed in before the frost sets in. exercises
most beneficial action by keeping the soil
ose and admitting the free access OF frost.
hich puiyerizes the land, and should there
re BY no means recommend leay IL the
azure spread on the surface without blowing ,
in. AL wish to enforce is, that where no
her chooe j. left but either tosetup the man
z ii a corner IF the field. or to spread it in
e 6eld without ploughing it in directly, to
opt the latter plan.
In the eaEe Of very light sandy soils, it L
~ Terhaps not be advisable to spread out
e manure a long time before # Is Tllughed
, snice such soils Do not possess the power
retainiHg manuring matters in any marked
gree. On light sandy soils would sug- r
s. 70 manure with well fermentcd dung