The Irish republic. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1867-18??, 1868-01-18
Letter From New York.
NEW York, d

Letter From New York.
New York, December g. 1857.
PASSAGE FROM THIERRY'S NORMAN CONQUEST
RELATING TO THE INVASION OF IRELAND.
Henry II. was shortly afterwards recalled to England
owing the troubles with the Papal Government growing
out of the murder of Thomas Beckett upon the settle
of which, and in consideration of certain concessions
made by him, he obtained the following Bull from Pope
Alexander relating to the affair of Ireland: 1137o
alexander bishop servant of the servants of God to his
dearly beloved and illurous son. Henry King of England
health, grace and aposolica benediction
Seeng that the gifts made by predecessors for good
and valuable consideration should be by ratified and con-
rmed after having deliberately weighed and considered the
grant and the privilege of possession of the land of Hbernia
to us belonging delivered by predecessor Adrian, we
ra confirm and accord in like Manner the said grant and
privilege with the reservation of annual tribute of one
penny for every house, due St. Peter and the Roman
Church, well in Hiberna in England and provided
also that the people of Hiberna be reformed in their lives
and abominabe manners that they be made Christian in
fact well nam and that the Church of that country
disordery and boorsh grossee the nation ITSELF be
reduced to the subsection of better laws"
To make good this donation of an entire people, body and
goods sentence of accommodation and of abandonment
to the power the devil launched against every who
should deny the sovereignty of King Henry and his heirs
Ireland
On receiving this Bull the King Immediately dispatched
the Normans William Fitz Elme and Nicholas Dean of
Wangord who their arrival in Ireland, convoked
synod of all the high clergy of the provinces newly con-
quered The diploma of Alexander III, and the former
Bull of Adrian w, soemnly read in this assembly,
and ratified Irish bishops involved by their
mission in fresh of weakness However, of them
soon repened and took part the conpaces which were
secretly carried the places occupied by Norman gar
rsons in the open resistance OF the provinces still
free towards the borders of the Shannon and of the BoAe
Laurence Archbishop of Dublin of the first to swear
fidelity the foreigner entered into several patriotic insur
rectons and from friend of the intruders became the
object of their hatred and of their prosecutions They elected
as his successor Norman called John Comne who to ac
compsh his new mission, conducted himself in such a
manner towards the natives obtain from his counymen
the soubriquet of ecorche-v ilam-( sknning viain)
In few years. the conquest extended far the eastern
and southern frontiers of Connaught and of Thua other
wise Ulster line of ortresses and paisadoed redoubs
extending all around the invaded territory gave it, in the
Norman dialect the of Pal Pale Every baron knight
or squire beyond the quartered within the circle of
the Pale took great forty his domain all had
castles large or SMALL according their rank and their
ability The lowest class of the conquering army and in
particular the English whether soldiers workmen traders
dwelt together in inrenched camps pitched around the
castles of their Chiefs villages which the natives had
narv abandoned The English language spoken in the
and marketpaces of these villages and the French in
the castles newly constructed by the segneurs of the
ost All the names of these lords which history has pre-
served are French Raymond de Caen Gullaume Ferrand
Guaume Maquere Robert Digarre Henry Bluet Jean de
Courcy Hughes lie Petit and the numerous family of the
SONS Of eraud who also called Geradines. Thus the
English by race ireland in the train of the Anglo
Normans found themselves placed in condition midway
between the latter and the natives and their language held
in contempt in their country occupied in the isle OF Erin
an intermediary rank between that OF the new
and the Gallo diom of the natives. That which remained
of the Irish nonuaon within the Enclosure of the Pale