davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
Impudence.

The impudent assumption of the radicals
is manifested in their cong ratulations of the
country, on the assured success" of their
reconstruction schemes, at the same time
demand that the niggers be supplied with
arms for the purpose of keeping down the
white men 10 the southern half of the
States.
What impudence in the party that has
made the country bankrupt by its extrav-
agance and stealings, to declare for re-
trenchment and reform in expenditures
How impudent to claim that the war was
carried on for the Union, and for three
years refused to acknowledge a union ex-
cept with sneaking carpet-baggers and
niggers.
How impudent TO claim to be the party
of "great moral ideas and following the
lead Of spoon thieves, woman hangers and
irreligious libertnes.
What impudence to claim to be party
of temperance, and place at the head OF
their ticket notorious inerbriate.
What impudcnce to declare for impair
tial suffrage, and bayonet from the polls
all the intelligent white men in ten States.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

during the war. Having given nearly
sixteen thousand commissions to the off
GERS of that army, knew their views and
wishes. They demand the Union for
which they fought. The largest meeting
of these gallant soldiers which ever as
sembled was held in New York, and in
dorsed the action of the National Con-
convention. In words instinct with
meaning, they called upon the Govern
ment to stop in its policy of hate, discord
and disunion, and in terms of fervid elo-
quence. they demanded lhe restoration of
the rights and liberties of the American
people.
When there is such accord between
those who proved themselves brave and
selfsacrifcing in war, and those who are
thoughtful and patriotic in council, can
not doubt we shall gain political tri-
ump which will restore our Union, bring
back peace and prosperity to our land,
and will give us once more the blessings
of wise, economical and honest govern
ment.
am, gentlemen. truly yours, &c,
HoRATIo SEYMOUR.
To Gen. G. W. Morgan, and others, Com
mittee, &c, &c.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
A Growing Outrage.

One of the last acts of the Radicals in
Congress was to pass bill punishing with
fine and Imprisonment any one who offers
to vote or act as Election officers at the
coming Presidential election in Mississippi
Virginia or Texas:
Mr.. Lawrence, (Disun. o. offered an
amendment MAKING 1T A PENAL
OFFENCE, PUNISHABLE WITH
FINE AND IMPRISONMENT, FOR
ANY PERSON IN THE SAID
STATES TO VOTE OR ACT AS AN
OFFICER OF ELECTION IN THE
ENSUING PRESIDENTIAL ELEC-
TON, and making it the duty of the
President to prohibit such thing.
This amendment was adopted yeas, I12.
nays 27, strict party vote. Every Rad
ical present and voting, recorded his
name in favor Of this infamous PROPOSE
ton.
Can history point to a more high-hand-
ed scheme of usurpation?
They disfranchise the whites.
Arm the niggers.
Exclude the States supposed to give
Democratic majorities.
And declare it penal offence in three
States to vote at the Presidential elect
tion.
This is the Congress that the people
are called upon to cndorse.-JeferSonian.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
Grand Jurors for August Term 1868.

Grand Jurors for August Term 1868.
Braintrim-D David Goolae, Wm. Nye.
Clinton -Mp Wilson
Eaton EraStus La-Bar. Punderson A. Miller
Fas-John NJ. Weiss Andrew j. Nantyls
Meshoppen--Wm. Burr.
Monroe-Wm. +. Cair.
Nicholson-Jamas Stephens, Henry Brown
North Branch-Peter Hope.
Tuuk. Twp.-Daniel Ball, Daniel Blrtron, Philip
kunsman. George Wagner Saml Flummerfet.
Tunk Buro -Phlo Baldwin
Washngton-Isaac o. Smith, Scarf Lathrop,
John Crawford.
Windhum-- Willard T. Keithline.
LemOn-H. Ii. Mitchell. Francis Patterson.
PETIT JURORS
Braintrim &C. B Lacy
Clinton J. B. Carpenter.
Falls-Azor Ross. Solomon Hunter Henry Van
campen, Peter Walter.
Meshoppen- Nicholas Sterling, Erastus Bowman
John Gay, Wesley Jennings, Paul G Clayton.
Monroe~-George Ii. 0rcutt. John d. Smith, Dan
iei Montanaye.
Mehoopany-Warre F Gof, Henry Love, ]. S.
Swet Iand
Mic holson-Silney Baiy. Loren G, Stephens
Holloway stephens, Joseph stephens, Ziha billings
Observation-Disclosures Snyder.
North Branch-Solomou Bigley, Jason Burgess
Owe rfeld-George Walter, Riley Mott.
Tunk. Twp.-Adam Ace, IIenry Stark
Tunk. BorO Amos Mott Thos Stonier
Washington Jared Robinson Henry Ellsworth,
Edward Provost.
Mathematician W. Keeney
Lemon-Na than Kem.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
State Elections.

As our readers will be interested to
know the time of the different State cleo
tions this year, we publish below a state
ment of the same:
Tennessee, August 18th Vermont Sep.
Est; California, Sep. 8rh !; Msine Sep l4th;
Nebraska, Oct. 9th Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Indiana and Iowa, Oct. 18th; West Vir-
ginia, Oct 22nd New York, New jersey
Delaware, Maryland, Illinois, Michigan.
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas,
Nevada, and Massachusetts, Nov. Sd.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

s| Our opponents, in the desperation
Of their cause, are Sinking the issue of the
present and eudeavoriDg to revive those
of the past. But even in this line of STRAIT
egy they do their work bungingy-for
they do not argue, they abuse. They are
bringing into use again stereotyped but
(as every decent citizen will say) "play ed
out epithets of "copperhead,' "rebel,"
and the like which they apply to every
one who does not subscribe unreservedly
to the creed of Radicalism. Not only is
The great Democratic party the object Of
these expletives, but also snch men as
Judge Chase, Senator Doolittle, General
Ewing, and other Republicans who can
not, as friends of their country, hesitate to
express their disgust at Radicalism. The
word "loyal is also becoming quite pat
again in Radical sheets, and the public
are being nauseated with the constant
Dragging of the Radicals being the only
patriots in the country 1t reminds us
of men We have seen who, while dispara-
ing the integrity of everybody else, are
constantly boasting of their own honesty
when they are, in truth, the greatest
scoundrels in the community. Such
characters are better watched than conf
ded in and we would apply the advier to
their copyists, the Radical.-Bradford
Argus.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

A MIscEGEN BALL.-Governo Bullock
the carpet-bag Governor of Georgia, gave
his inaugural ball to his miscegen fri ends,
on the S0th ult The attendance was
large, and Dinah's ivorles shoue out con-
spiculousIy; the Governor rnde speech
TO his black brethern and Northern whites
and encouraged them to vote for Grant
aud Colfax.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

60 1t is the very sublimity of consis-
tency for the party which argues that a
National debt is a National blessing, TO
keep on increasing the blessing" by pee
ulations frauds and plunder.
'Rah for the Bureau 'Rah fora
Mercur's " Claim Agency!
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
BLOOD PURIFIER
NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given, that bay mare ol
Q light or ten years old, came to the preiai'ts il
subscriber in the Township of Eaton, IN the ..s
of August 1868. The owner is hereby n,s ~ :,
prove property and pay charges, other~te, u
mare will be sold ~ the law directs. ,~r
CLANCY R0SENiNAEN
Eaton, Aug, 10 1868 NJ
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

g Read Horatio Seymour's splendid
letter in this paper.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

G7 Telegraphic report received this
morning, announces the death of Ihad.
Stevens, yesterday.
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
LIABILITIES.

Stock owned by the Directors.
January l, ls67........................S2 S23} 100
January |, ....................... 10000
DR. SATTERLEE, President,
DANIEL TR0WBRTDGE,
CHARLES WILSON
SAMUEL l.. TALC0T,
Vice Presidents.
VIZ. S. GOoDELL Secretary.
Special attention paid to perpe tua policies
d. G. BLACK, Agent, Nicholson, Pa.
ID. q c. j. Wright, Agents, Tunkhan mock, Pa
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12
q Il A t E NJ E N T
oR THE
HOME INSURANCE COMPANY

oR THE
Wyoming democrat. [volume] (Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa.) 1867-1940, 1868-08-12

ANDREW JACKSON.
"That man deserves
TO be a slave, who
wo'd vote for a mum
candidate when his
liberties aIeat stake. F."
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

Mr.. LyDch-And that expense should be borne
entirely by the parish In which the constabuIary
is made necessary.
Mr.. Campbell-Yes: that is part of the amend
ment l propose. Then in any parish where
the coed citizens will support the enforcement Of
the ordinary laws it will be unnecessary and
where they fail to do go there shall be constabu
larry force. As principle of law the citizens of
each parish must be held responsible for the as.
sertion of the majesty OF the law, and not the
miserable towards and niscreants who commit
these outfages. The respectable, law.abiding
and property-holding citizens Of the parishes who
have not the power or the moral courage 70 sup.
press these outrsges. must be held responsible
for the State Of lavessness In their communities,
at least to the extent of these steps to keep the
peace.
Mr.. Braughn-Mr. President, I feel compelled to
ask the indulgence of the Senate to make per.
sonal e1 planation. The senator from the Second
District tMr. Csmpbell) has beea so much in the
habit OF analyzing the remarks OF senators and
criiicising them, as to whether they are buncombe
speeches, or whether they rise to the dignity OF
argument. that have almost come TO depend
upon his judgment in that respect. did not know
until the gentleman Informed me, that had made
speech" bat as he says SO ii must have been
speech.
Now, sir, the gentleman has q right 10 charac.
terize my remarks as infiammatoryu If he
chooses. ! VIII leave that question to my con.
stItuents: but he has no right to peryert mean.
ing VII Oh was plainly expressed. said had no
objection to this or any other bill that was Do.
per, II pi operly executed. But my remarks were
based upon the fact that this law win be miseon.
strued and carried out in partisan spirit, aud
that all enactments of the federal legislature since
the war have been carried out In parlisan spirit.
and for that reason II was IN wise to pass Il. I
con'ended that this bill would bat add another
page to the already large catalogue Of partisan
legs alton.
IN answer 70 the gentleman from the Second
Di trict, tAr Pinchback viii state that did rot
make use OF the word /" white T" or colored " in
o single instance when speaking of the " soutb.
ern people. ! meant, just As he did, the black
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

THE following is the conclusion of Senate de.
bate OF Wednesday, Oct. IA. The part published
yesterday was enormously stated to be the re.
mainder OF debate on that dsy.l
Mr.. Antoine-Mr. President, in response to the
earned senator from the first district would say
that L am not unmindful that the minority has
rights which the majority is bound to respect.
he dominant party, which just now happens to
be the Republican party, should not be unjust or
oppressive in the exercise of its power.
But the gentleman has referred TO peace and
tranquility In the country and said that the peo-
PIE have accepted the situation In good faith but
the majority OF the people in NortSw est Louisisns
say they were never conquered, and have not vet
surrendered. / do not say that the wealthy or
the most respectable portion of them say so, but
those who have made these assertions and believe
them are largely in the majority, and others who
say they desire peace give countenance 10 these
things BY taking no steps to prevent them. The
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

as vel! as the white. have no desire, SIR. to de-
pr've them OF single right which they now
enjoy; nor did ! With 90 imply, as he seemed to
suppose, that that would ever be the intention Of
the Democratic party.
Mr.. Ogden-Mr. President, believe. after can.
vsssiBg the sentiment of the Senate, that the ma
jority are In favor postponing this bill until Satur
dsy. immediately after reading the minutes;
therefore move that 1t be postponed until that
dsy. T
Mr.. witteenstein-I move that IL be the special
order for to morrow.
Mr.. OedenL believe the majority are in favor
Of postponing ii until Saturday. hope the sena
tor will Withdraw his motion.
The motion to make the bill the special order
for Saturday was pending, when, on motion Of Nc.
PiDcbback, the Senate went into executive SEES
sion, and soon after adjourned.
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18
PASS CHRISTIAN, MISSISSIPPI.
Incorporated by Act ofLegislature OF 1893
DIRECTED BIZ CHRISTIAN BROTHERS.

This College las Of the beautiful and
healthy locations In the country being situated the
Of Mexico few miles distant from New Orleans sordng all
facilities for bathing all other healthy Ths
course Of studies s thai pursued in all colleges comprised
der the Cole gate Con Preparatory
TERxs-Unvsd bly, IN sdvance.) Board, Washing TEtos
and Doctors fee Si6 Entrance fee paid only slO We
cation spent at College. SCI; Instrumental Music
Drawing form extra charges SIS deposited fer ncidenA
expenses; any unexpended returned
For particulars, apply to
BRO. ISAIAH. President,
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18


ResolUed. That the Hon. r. Fl. Day is not en-
titled TO his seat in this body by reason of the
Maud and violence used at the election on the
seventeenth and eighteenth days Of April last
ard that the contestant. George w. Raglan, be and
hereby is declared entitled to take his seat as
senator from the thirteenth senatorial district
State of Louisiana. and that he be sworn 10 fulfil
the duties of the above named office.
MORTIMER F. SMITH,
GEORGE Y. KELso,
RoBEST POINDRxrER.
JAMES b. LEWIS.
Mr.. Thompson ask for time to make minor.
i'y .eport in the same case.
Time granted.
By Mr.. Lynch
WHEREAS, The pages OF the Senate receive only
two dollars per day; and owing to the large dis
count they have TO pay to get their warrants
cashed therefore be il
Resolved, That the pages of the Senate receive
the sum of fifty 500 dollars each as extra com
pensation.
Nr.Lynck-I move the adoption of the rssolu.
ton. Adopted.
By Mr.. Jepks-Resolred. That the special conn.,
mitiee TO examine into the expenditures of the
late board OF registration be authorized to sit du.
riog the vacation between this and the next ses-
sion, in order to complete their and
that they be required to report the result of their
Investigations in print to the next session of the
Legislature, within one week from the meeting
thereof, and that said committee be paid their per
diem during the time they are SO employed, to be
paid on the warrant of the chairman OF the com.
miiies and the warrant clerk of the Senate.
Mr.. Jenks-I move the adoption Of the resolu.
ten.
Mr.. Pinchbsck-I call for the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered. resulting:
Yeas-Anderson, Antoine, Bacon, Day, Fran.
cois, Futeb, jerks, Jewell. Lewis. Monette, Pack.
ard, Poudexter. Pollard. Ray, Smith, Todd, Whit
ney Wilcox. wittgensiein-19.
Nsys-COupland, Kelso, Lynch, Pinchback and
ThompsoD-5.
The resolution was adopted.
MI Pinchback-I ask for . suspension Of the
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

Qt<LTQyeQ
any further issue prohibited.
Fourtbly-Tbe law should provide that United
States currency only should be received for taxes
and other obligations due the city.
To the last proposition ii may be said that the
city csnnot refuse to receive its notes for debts
due II, but that question involves the legality of
the issue in the first place. and the right of the
STATE 10 intervene to protect its people from the
abuses OF its creature the corporation Of the city
Of New Orleans.
With great Difference for the opinion OF the
gentlemen OF the Legislature who passed this hill,
cannot refrain from saying that can hardly
conceive the provisions OF bill on this subject.
winch could be more Objectionable to the tax
payers Of the city Of New Orleans than the one
before me. IL would be by far preferable to levy
direct tax Of three per cent. on the property Of
tne city and collect il at once than to enforce the
provisions Of this bill.
The vote on the passage of the bill was recon
sidered in order to consider the veto message.
Mr.. Pratt Of Claiborne. moved that action on
the message be postponed till Wednesday next
On motion of Mr.. Carr, of 0rlsans, that motion
was laid on the table.
The further consideration of the veto was then
postponed until Monday.
Leave Of absence for ten days granted to
Huichipson OF st. Tsmmsny. 4. -.
ON motion Of Lott. Of Rapides, rules we're sus-
pended 10 Introduce q resolution to pay Casey.
contestant for seat as representative from
Lafayette parish. until the date his case was de-
cded. Adopted.
The House then took up bill providing for
the adjournment on the 19th, together with sever.
oil reports Of the committee to which II was re-.
fsrred, as TO the constitutionsity OF November
setsion. The whole matter was laid upon the
table subject to call.
The House then went into
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

CT. CHARHEs INeTITUTE BOARDING
~ and Day Schosl for Yong Lades-Condncted by Nine
o. MAZE LEfRANC, J04 and l06 Bourbon street. The
Course Of sind Of this Institute are m full operation sncs
attached the institute the added Mr. Eugene
Provost 20 whom soiergis, Harm and Singing
nded This eminent Professor will his
LIST Of October Young ladies' not pupils the Institute may
be admitted 70 these lessons For circulars apply sk
letter III. =
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

The Senate adjourned.
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18
DUCATlONAL.
GENERAL. KIBBY oMITH'o
MILITARY ACADEMY
~ Newcastle.
HENRY COUNTY, KENTUCKY.
AMIIIrAKr ACADEMY FOR BOYS

On September 18Th 1853 KIRBY SMITH, with corps II
assistants where Qualifications Of the highest order WIN
open, ~ Newcastle, Kenucsy, f
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

Newcastle Is located IN the healthy blue grass region
Henry county. rau distant -four miles from the Lousvis
frsnkior and Lsxnsscn and the Louisville and Cincinnati
Raj roads, connected with each by good pin
and about two slrs travel By rail from Louisville
The Academy buildings, owned BY himself Of modem
construction admirably adapted for school and stu
sed In ,he suburbs Of the The Of edacstiea
will aim at thoroughness In branch, be determined
BY impartial and sesrcing examinations The discipline wiz
be strictly military requiring punctnay and prouptness IN
the performance OF every dny The domestic department
viii be condncsd with and bersty 70 the
health comfort and contentment Of the scholars Tue sc
sstic session divided into twenty each
the hrst commencing September charges
everything excepting uniform, boohs and medical attend
Ance will be three hundred and seventy i've dollars In o.
csency for the emit session of forty weeks payable in
equal insanepts the begin ing OF each
session No deduction from these charges will for
absence during the In sickness
honorable discharge and then tuition $50 per
current term VIII be required
Uniform furnished the most reasonable terms. Books
and stationery At Louisville prices As the number Of pupils
is limited those wishing TO places the Institution
should apply s In thus making his per res
dence In Kennedy and devong himself
s YOUTH The Principal hopes have the his
friends In this Comm onweaifh.
For further Information address K KIRBY SMITH.
Students viii leave the at Eminencs the Louisville
and Frankfort Railroad, vhence convey them
10 Newcastle g.
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18

SENATE BILLS ON THEIR THIRD READING.
An act to amend sxticle 354 of the Civil Code.
Passed. :. "a. tf- -
An sct to incorporate TIE Loan and Pledge As
sociation. Passed.
Adjourned till 2 O'Clock Saturday evening.
The House tiled to NEE. at O'Clock. No quo.
rum preeent--wsited half an hour. roll called
adjourned till noon Monday.
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18
COMMITTEE OF rHE WHOLE.

Carr, o. Orleans, in the chair. TO consider the
revenue bill. After some discussion of it. and 4
test vote BY which II appeared that the House
without finishing the bill. '~''
The New Orleans crescent. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1866-1869, 1868-10-18
MEDICAL.

CPECyAL TREATMENT OF OH RONIu
- DIsEAsEs-DR de BAUssEr VIII take charge Of and
guarantee 20 the following chronic vx
Diseases Whites, Bleanorhees UcersJ Rhenmstsn So"t
Dyspepsa Chorose Liver Complaint Diseases Of the Urine
Organs and Deafness Consultations every day from ia
O'Clock till st bis Office Orleans and RAM
bon streets. Residence, No. 70 Orleans street
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1868-08-16
The Recent Picnic.

We congratulate the st. Joseph's Picnic
Association on the handsome, success of
their enterprise on its first trial. The re-
cent Fourth of July celebration realized,
after payment of all expenses, the sum of
se2sO. This must be regarded as a very
decided success for an experimental effort,
with no previous knowledge of necessary
details on the part of the directors. OF
course, experience will teach them. 'cye"f-
ter, how to curtail expenses, perfect the
amuscmentswnd increase receipts. ..
Besides the novelty of theif enterprise,
tie association has had to contend with
most unfayorable weather. Frequent pest
ponement greatly Increased expenses and
disheartcnrd the patrons. Still the pnblic
came iii great numb ers, and enjoyed them
selves in spite of the rains. \ general har-
mony and determination to be pleased pre-
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1868-08-16

DIOCESE OF ST. PAUL.-Con ftmations
and Laying Of II Corner Stone at Rochester
The Federal Union gives the following par
ticulars of the visit of the Right Rev. II. l..
Grace to that locality:
On Saturday, the 25th ult., Bishop Grace
arrived here from ST. Paul ON u visit to the
Catholic congregations of Olmsted county.
In the evening he was serenaded by the
Rochester, Silver Cornet Band, at the resi-
dence of Father orc orman. The following
morning, Bishop Grace conducted the SER
vices in the hail of the old courthouse, used
by the Catholics for Divine worship, and
administered confirmation to one hundred
and forty-fOur persons.
The following evening, at four o'clock,
the ceremony of laying the cornerstone of
the new Catholic church cditicc occurred
This building is situated ON Fourth street,
opposite The new court house, i'll an eligible
location. AT the hour mentioned, process
sion was formed in front of the old court
house. First came the band; then, one
hundred young ladies', neatly attired in
white, their shcads covered with flowing
-Vcils; after these marched fourteen or
fifteen hundred Catholics, i'll double file
while many accompanied on the sidewalks
without falling INTO rank the Bishop and
Father OG"rman came next, in Il cariiauc
and a long string of conVeyances followed
in the rear.
The morning star and Catholic messenger. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1868-1881, 1868-08-16

their FEELINGS incline them to the policy of
peace; while their numbers and respecto.
billty must give Importance to their vots
on any line of policy proposed. Satisfied
as we are that lawful and peaceable means
will soon bring to our people the much
needed relief, we hail with satisfaction
every new guarantee that wisdom and mod
Grafton will rule in our councils.