The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-07-22
~ iEfNiEiN hTI0Hhl uYuUa
AGRicUr.TURE.

extremely liable to the varying ,haz-,
ards of tho seasons and the worm, has
retarded the agricultural prosperity
of South Carolina, and of the entire
South. The true safety of the farmer
lies in the cultivation Of several nro-
ducts, so that although the season may,
be unpropitious for one, he may pre-
serve the other. He should not imi-
tate the unwiso merchant, who em-
barks his all, though uninsured, in a
single ship. ta
The impolicy of concentrating so
large portion Of labor upon cotton
instead of dividing it among mixed
crops of corn, wheat, potatoes, &C.,
and tho products of the dairy, is best
illustrated by tho following facts,
drawn from the census of 1860, and
the report of the United States Com
missioner of Agriculture for 1866.
Tho cotton crop Of Georsia, tho ON
pire State of tho South, in 1860, was
7ol,s40 bales, yielding little moro
than thirty millions ($30,000,000) of
dollars while tho butter of Now
York in 1865, one Of the several pro-
ducts Of the dairy, was estimated at
sixty millions $3.50, O,000,00O) Of doll,
lars. Yet the census gives to Now
York but 47O,9l4 farmers and farm
laborcrs, and to Georgia, including
white farmers and farm laborors, and
only the males ofMe slaves, 3l6,478
persons engaged in agriculture.-
Should the female slaves be included,
Georgia would have actually had q
larger number Of farm laborers than.
the State of Now York. Besides tho
other dairy products, milk and choose,
md the multitude of smaller products
of tho farm, tho principal crops make
in value an astounding aggregate.
Thus in 1864, tho corn crop Of Now
York was estimated at $3S,O00,00o,
tho wheat $25,O00,00O, the oats at
$50, 200, potatoes at $l9,00O,0O0,
and hay at 100000, 200. Including
tho minor cereals, the products Of the
orchards and gardens, tie production
of beef and mutton from pasturagc,
and n great variety Of miscellaneous
products, the currency value Of the
agricultural productions of this one
State, in tho year, was far creator
than the money returns Of any cotton
crop ever produced in this country !;
and tho gold value of such products
would be greater than tho gold value
ofhalf tho cotton crop of 1860, tho
largest ever made in tho United
States.
Tho grand results arc not due to
any superiority of soil or climate,
above our own, but to properly di-
rcctcd and diversified system of labor
and to superior agricultural implc-
mcnts and farm economy. Tho aggrc-
gate product of varied agricultural la
bors must always exceed in value the
ycld of any ono staple, howcvor vast
and well organized may bc tho system
of labor applied to it, for markedsuc-
cess iii tho production Of that ono,
will lesson it's price, by an undue
incroase of the supply over tho de-
mand. h t.,8 a!..4
The introduction Of improved mple-
mcnts Of husbandry is matter of vital
Importance to the farming interests o
the State. With the aid of proper ma,
chlnery and tho proper uso Of fertilizers
our farmers will be enabled to cultivate
larger area Of land and to cultivate it
moro thoroughly than nnder;the former
system when they cultivated a very lin.
itcd amount. a, tE. r.7l nv3
These considerations become all the
more important mview of the fact, that
in South Carolina there are four millions
$4,000, ,000) Of acres Of land improved,
while there are nearly twelve millions
O2,00O, ,000) of acres unimproved. The
recent discovery of vast beds Of phos.
phato Of lime on the banks Of The Ash.
ley, near Charleston, will enable us to
enrich ohr worn out lands with that
most valuable fertilizer at comparative.
" small cost. Large shipments of this
fertilizer are now beng made from
Charleston 10 Northern, ports, which
might be manufactured here, and sold
cheaply to enrich the poor lands Of our
own State. ht'7 a'j' q >ayay emA
AGRICULTURAL. CorLEaE. iga'
g" ."A"hEi or aHtE.!tG 'iT ,.tGJ H3.g.w
| invite your attention to Section o,
Article 10, ofthe Constitution, which
directs. tho General Assembly to pro.
vide for tho establishment Of an Agri-
cultural College, upon the basis SGT
forthin the Act Of Congress osJuly Q,
1862, providing for the endowment Of
Agricultural Colleges in tho several
States. The Act provides that each
State and Territory shall receive thirty
thousand (30,O0o) acres of public land
scrip for each Senator and Representa-,
tive thatit may have in Congress.
linden its provisions South Carolina will
be entitled to eleven hundred and twen-
,ty-five pieces (ll25) ofl60- acres each,
representing iOne hifldrsdl hid eighty
thousand {l8o, ,o0ol cores Of public land
worth in: the market at present one doll
lar per acre. or one hundred and eighty
thousand $3.50, ,ooo) dollars.
. IN : z , ~ ~.