The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1868-02-22
SCOTLAND.
A Lecture delivered before the Caledo-
man Society. ON Tuesday evening,
Feb. Ilth, by DAVID johnson, Esq.


You viii lind between latitude "a degrees
thirty eight minutes and ffty-eight degrees
forty minutes north, and between 10 degrees
forty-four minutes west Of Greenwich, the
As,ient kin, pTr 9! Scotland. IL lie bounded
on the nOrtL and west By the Atlantic, on
the cast BY the German ocean, on the south
BY England, the SolwRy 6rth and part Of
the Irish sea. Its msin lapd has Apnnsaaa
on @@6,elA square miles; rs islsn'M 1850
square milesy a. e5t4
square miles. Itskfeatssf length from She
Mullof Galloway to Dunnet Head, il $50
miles. It's breadth varies from I46 miles
from Buchauaness to west Of RosssbiEe 70 30
miles bet xeen tie 6pths OF Forth aud Clyde.
The northern districts mountainous and
rugged, abound in romantic scenery, savage
precipisous rocks, lakes, dreary moorlands,
deep glens, rushing streams, and wild hang
ing woods. Hence the distinctive appella-
ton Of highlands. Tae southern districts,
or lowlands, although less alesated and ir.
regular, still present several considerable
ranges.
The highland mountains consist Of two
pretty well defined conIormations-lst those
north Of the Caledonia Canal, the highest
points being Ben More, Ben Wyris, and
Ben Attou, the last 1900 feet. I'd. The
Grampians, running across the country, the
highest peaks Of which are Rsrs G1aAchan,
Ben Nevis, Ben Avon, CairngoEnm, Cairn-
tout and Ben Macdui, The last 4,S90 feet.
The lowlands groups are, LIST, that composed
of the component chains of the Ochie, Sid
lau, Campsie, Lomond, Pentland, and Lam
mermuir hills, the higaest point being Ben
Clach, 1859 feet; and, I'd, the Cheyiots,
with their continuation the Lowthers, which
forms the great watershed CT southern Scot
land, none Of which exceeds 2, 700 feet.
ne confguratioR Of Scotland, it viii be
sea- there can be no great plains. But
there are between the parallel lines Of those
mountain ranges fruitful valleys known as
carses, straths, laughs and dAlee, which,
together with the beautiful lothians slipping
from the southern hills to the Forth, afford
81 abundant supply Of all cereals the prin-
cipai of these valleys are Stfath More. lying
between the Grampiaus and the Ochiels.
The carse Of Gowrie on the north OF the
Tay, Strath earn the Carse Of Sterling and
Falkirk; the Howe Of Fife, Clyesdale and
the Me-se 81 Berwick.
The mineral products Of Scotland consist
Of excellent granite, marble, slate, limestone
building stone, coal in great abundance.
ironstone, lead, strautisn, alum, silver in
small quantities, clay for brick and potteriee,
and several Of the precious stones.
The practical Development OF thks depart
ment OF her natural wealth has @uEing these
ssss fity years vAsIlg go HANGED hssr progress
The TSssSSf eoas OF 3 ee-Sa-s - ipeRotkeAe@
BY numerous arms OF the sea called firshs,
the principal Of ~hichAon the east, are Dor
noch, Moray and Cromarty tirths the firth
Of Tay navigable for large vessels up to Dun
dee and smaller crafts to Perth. The Firth
OF Forth running inland for fifty miles, nav
igable up to Aloa, and fer small steamers
up to Stirling.
On the west the estuary Of the Solway,
Wigton Bay, Luce Bay and The important
firth Of Clyde, navigable FOR large vessels up
10 Glasgow, and communicating with the
Forth By canal The es iL .ass G. c. sns sea
&c. oniy bless Scotland with important ad.
ysntages in commercial point OF view; but
tend TO render her fisheries the most perfect
and lucrative of any nation 10 the ~ =,
The capes Of Scotland, or as thew. ale ts'nieu'
heads and noses, some Y - ~ - n ~
Der, are many Of them Ina A@Oie IOt tneir
terrific grandeur. o-esSciaiiy cape "faLh on
tie north and CT. Abbs on east coast. Most
ar these ryroD OntarieS are TOT the SaIety OF
,,avigat; son surmounted by substantial light
houses and beacons. In this connection may
re mentioned the celebrated lnchcape or
Bell Rock, lying east y miles of Buddon
Ness, a most dangerous ledge $50 yards in
length and 10 in breadth, wholly covered at
high water. On this lighthouse was erected
in 1910, the lantern of is 80 feet above the
high-1t spring tides.
The islands Of Scotland are numerous, and
form nearly sixth part Of the area Of the
country. Most Of these islands, however,
ere from their rugged coasts aud surface Of
NJ value whatever. Ga the west there are
three groups Of islands, the inner Hebrides,
adjacent to the main land, comprising Skye,
Raasay Rum, and Fig, belonging to Inver-
nesss6re, and Null, Isla, Jura, TREE, Iona,
and Slaffa to Argyle. The outer hebrides,
separated from the main land by the channel
ogthe Mineh, ranging lao miles long, consist
of f,.eyis. Harris, North Visit, Benbucula,
south yyist, Barra, &c. Skerry Ware, q
dangerous group Of rocks lying tar seward
is the site Of lighthouse.
And the islaIDds Of the Clyde, consisting
Of Bute, Is miles long by bros smaIka-
bic for the salnbrui,y II is cline Arran,
is miles by II, Consisting Of ne clad hills
5000 Feet IN height. Tho Car1breas and
Elise Craig. an isolated Essek rising Loo