davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
An 9 Organ,' for fIls satanic Majesty.

AN 81 va 5@aHf SUE MS SeSIsHAC M@1OS " .
We have always been suspicious
that the leaders Of the Vanderburgh
Democracy wer3 in league with his Sal
tahie Majesty but while they have been
ready secretly an privately to vindi-.
cate lis rights they have not hereto
fore publicly championed his course.
But from a rea }iuE Of the Courier Of
yesterday We ieana hat the soFgan of
shat party mas concluded to throw of
the guise, and become the open cham
pion Of the Devil. It says, in re-
spouse to our quotation from its col
umns Of a few weeks ago expressive of
its opinion of ANDREW JOHNSON. that
such isits opinion of the man now, and
that it s. has no abiding faith in him !"
but that JOHNSON is no worse than the
Devil, aud that it stands ready to de-
fend the Devil and recognize his
Majesty as the " champion of Consti-
tutional liberty" if he should array
himself against Congress We con-
graduate bis PlutOnian Excellency
upon his good fortune in securing
the services of so fit an /" organ of
his principles. The Vanderburgh7
Democracy need have no fears that
the official announcement Of the
Courier of its espousal of the cause
of Satan is any indication that it
proposes to desert the Copperhead
standard, for its advocacy of the prin-
ciples of the one will make it the
more blind in its attachment to the.
cause of the other. -
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
The MjseTabies

~ this fright and cheerful ,00rl9 are
E DySDepttcgs JOB
b. Without q good digestion there aau nei-
ther be bodily comfort nor mental enjoy
B tween the stomach and Ahe brain
there Is "A close ard wonderful alliance.
III the one is diaOrdercd. the other iB
gloomy, detected. Inca pable Of EFFORT, aud
l1a9i wv Eens n sh if9t phases life Rgreea0ie
.''fs this 4 c6hdiuon that any raifbnal hui
MAJ being 81 willing 10 endure, when the
means Of certain, IL mediate, and perma~
n ent relief cam be Obtained everyw hpreR
The Dyspeptic has his fate In his own
hands. If he chooses 10 banlsh forever
the sdisoraer that rRFSs bis body and dis
turbs L1elAInd vital nalneless horror, he
has only 10 step 20 the nearest drugstore
and procure snpply OF HOSTEL TIERS
STOMACH BIrrERS. fff
No phase OF Dyspepsia has ever yet re-
sisted the Alternative, tonic, ard anti-bil-
fous operation OF thts potent vegetable
specific ~ Literally regenerates the leth-
argic stomachs rOuses Into healthy action
the dormant liver; puts TO flight the dis
msl fancies that beset the mind gently
relieves ands1 regulates the EbOwels;
strengthens the enfeebsed nerves; restores
the appetite, and makes. as 10 were, a NEW
cREA1 URE OF the responding and debilita-
ted invalid.
Ladies who suffer from Indigestion have
only % take a small dose or Inns pu~e veg
etabIe corrective. on e or twice a day, to
secure entire exemption from tbs pains
and penalties or weak stomach and that
perfect functional regularity, which but
Few Of the sex uniuterruptediy enjoy.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

Tue Springfield Mass Republican,
of the 18th inst, says: Manufactur-
ing is immovipg3 ADD 1.-THE manufac-
turers are encouraged in view of q
busy ard profitable Spring. Cotton
has Increased considerably ia value
and demand, and many of the mills
are now running on full time, aud
with a full force of operatives. In
the Boston market the demand for
goods is very active, and jobbers are
upable 10 buy up a stock Of goods in
hopes Of higher prices, as their Gus
toners take them as fast asthe mills
can turn them out. Wool and WOOL
ems do not improve, as the trade has
not, yet recovered from its heavy
losses of last Fall. The market Is
abundantly supplied with cheap goods,
and those Of a. heavier grade, but
trade Is nearly at standstill.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
The Prospect In NeK HamnshIre.

The Prospect In New Hampshire.
+ fFhscsnyassIih Nss Hahpshire is
growing animated daily. On both
les it is gresatdea ABEbgolving all.
the points of the Presidential race,
and tbsIin6efesH Gsi correspondingly
lively. As to the prospect, a letter to
thelTfiBa0Qi5s: ~
"As the canvass now stands, lit Is
impossible to deny the fact that Gov
Hartman is sure of re election. His
majority will certainly reach 5000
and bets are freely offered by tie
Union men on an additional b9fE
The Democrats elsewhere may doubt
this, but it is true; and if they want
for further evidences}of the reaction
from this quarter, their patience will
have 20 be as unbounded as is their
hope of some day regaining the Par
adise1 Lost fOf their fokmert suprem-
acy."
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
NEWS ITEMS.

Gold closed in New York. yesterday. at
l4l1S9l4l1z.
The1ower House Of the Kansas Legisla-
ture has passed resolutions indorsing the
action OF Congress on the impeachment
e Question 81 q
Washington specials say they have a
rumor that Stanton. at the persuasion of
some Senators, has consented TO resign,
and win do so to-day.
1t is understood that the rejected Sena-
aG tor, Thomas, has recommended to the
Maryland Legislature to appoint Mont
gomery Blair as his successor.
The cholera is still raging in Buenos
Is Ayers to a fearful extent. Churches are
taken for hospitals, and many, unable to
be conveyed to them, die alone ia their
houses.
The London Times says the American
Minister who viii succeed Mr.. Adams
could not have an easier or more gracious
task than the settlement of questions
" which have risen, concerning the rig hts OF
naturalized citizens.
The Democratic State Convention of
lowe, for the appointment OF delegates to
~ the National Convention, met at Des
sga Molnes on the 26th. Resolution were
Eag adopted that Geo. H. Pendletou IS the first
choice OF the Democl acy of Iowa for Pres
ident, and instructing delegates TO vote as
unit
The obligations of the new treaty be-
tween the German confederation and the
United States are to apply reciproeaiy 10
Germans and Americans. All the previ
engagements between the two countries
in regard to extradition are renewed. BY
one of It's provisions the treaty Is made
terminable at the end of ten years.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

4 oose's Melodies. Tafy was q
eIXelshmau. Mnaio.hR. Charlas MOnl-
ton, ~fwith-Tan sillustrntion) Patch
work, b. the Editor and his Friends
NEW MUsIc.-We are in receiptof
the following pieces of-new music,
published by Messrs. RooT & CADY, Z
Chicago: "Only Four" God Hath
no Voice" Little Bsrefoof," " Be a
Man." Airs from Undine," Sara
Neigheds''a .AIl<Rights for ALL
Faust" by r. Goldbeck.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

rested Is no evidehee that he acted
SIM % bring the matter be-
fore abe Court "A ahigIwayman
might conceive that the law
Furnishing robbery with Imprisonment
was unconstitutional. He might take
his position on the road, and stopping
the first aman that came along, de-
mand his money and other valuables
The supposed victim Unexpectedly
resisGs, seIzes the marauder, and drags
him into court. Nothing daunted,
the latter at once puts in the plea that
he believes the law under which he is
arrested is unconstitutional, and that
J,hliiss79nly motive i1s acting az he did
was to bripgthe law before the court,
for judgment upon its constitutional
ty. The President could have tested
the constitutionality of the Tenure Of
Office Law without first Violating it.
Having violated it, Congress had no
other resource left but to arrsign him
before the Senate of the United States.
as the Consultation EXPRESSLY provides
in such cases. .ssoIE
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

G1LEGAL.-We publish on the secopd
page a decision Of Che Supreme Court
OF INDIANA, rendered last week, an
appeal from Gibson County, deciding
some interesting questions of railroad
law. We obtained the decision last
week, but the press of political news
has crowded it out heretofore.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
BistFlbltlOp 81 wealth.

The Nation of Saturday last says
{ = The banks have lent. their credit
in sufhcientsamouuts to make money
worth no more thad folr5 to- five per
cent. per -auuum In the great com
mercial centres, and, If the commu-
nifty had profitable employment for
themI the banks Ieoulda lend them
three, hundred millions more. rBut
the community absolutely has no use
for them1absolutely refuses to Dor
row them even at,the preeedented-
~ low rates-ef interest now prevail
Ing. 100 GEh IEkHb
The Mutton refers, of course to
call loans" These are. worthless to
the great-majority of business men.
To borrow a thousand dollars to-day,
with the assurance that It may have
to be returned tomorrow, or replaced
by borrowing of some one else, is an
Improbable business, to say the best
Of it. Nobody can Idoit except stock
gamblers and Spectators Of ali de-
scriptiens. Manufacturers and mer-
chants find that the time occupied IN
. shining around, - replacing one
call loan with another, makes the use
Of 1.-THE money very costly, to say moth
ing Of the anxiety and mental wear
and tear. i5V or iaa aHo
Ohe Of the most serious complaints
against the National Bank currency
is, that its circulation is con-
centrated in what are called great
commercial centres, where other
forms of credit do away, to
great extent, with its necessity. On
the other hand, the rural districts,
where business is conducted on a
smaller scale, and where bills of
exchange 2 bills of credit" bank
checks and other mediums of ex-
change used in cities, are unavaiIa-
BILE and almost unknown, there is no
money in circulation to facilitate their
exchanges. 1t is in these districts
where the bank bills ought to be
found circulating most freely. that
they are most scarce. It is
well established fact that under
the National Banking Law, bank
capital sand circulation has been
largely increased 10 the old States and
commercial centres, where circul ,tion
is least required, and correspondingly
in the new States, where the
people have no other medium of ex-
change. This fact, no doubt, is re-
sponsible for much of the hostility
by the people of the West
ern States against the National Banks.
1t also helps to account for the fact
that money is so plentiful in New
York, Philadelphia and other large
cities, and SO scarce in the West as to
materially retard the movement of
the pork and corn crops How the
difficulty is to be remedied is for
greater fnancial wisdom than we pos
sess to determine, 4....t4t
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

THE Indiana Democracy, at their
Indignation meeting at the Court
House on Wednesday night, resolved
that ANDY JOHNSON had a right n
appoint his Confederate advisers. q,
JESSE D. BRIGHT and the rest Of the
Kentucky friends of the Vanderburgh
Democracy win heartily indorse this
sentiment. @
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
CONGRESSIONAL SUMMARY.

SENAfH,, February 9.-Chandier, from
the Committee on Commerce, presented a
report favorable to the Joint Resolution
relative to the survey of the Northern and
Northwestern Lakes. Passed ,.....Thayer
Introduced bill to dissolve the indian
Peace Commission. Referred. .......Sher-
man, from the Committee on Finance, re-
ported an amended bill for funding the
National debt.
HousE.-Boutwell, nom the Committee
= 4 70. Report Articles Of Impeachment
against President johnson. offered
resolution permitting the Committee
to report in print. Adopted.
Morenead. from the Committee on Ways
and Means, reported back Spaulding's
bill declaring the meaning of the internal
revenue tax on railroad chairs and spikes
70 be specific tax Of IS per ton, which
passed. ........The Speaker presented several
communications, including a resoIut on
from the South Carolina Convention, ask
ing Tor an appropriation of 81 100000 for
the purchase of land for freedmen. &C.
and of the National Commercial Conven-
ton, recently held at Boston, on finance
taxation, &C., which were referred....-..The
House went into Committee of the Whole
Sehodeld in the chair, and resumed the
Consideration of sundry civil expense and
appropriation bills.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

IF anybody desires to see how tn q
last usurpation of ANDREW JOHNSON
has paralyzed the Democrats. let him
compare the Democratic speeches in
the House, on Saturday, in support OF
that bold and reckless blunder, with
those Of the Republicans against it.
Never have strong men struggledwith
such a morass of deceit and double
dealing. aud we are not surprised to
hear that many Democrats declare
themselves wholly Indifferent to the
fate of the man they first seduced
from his faith, and then turned to their
own base uses.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

THE Courier calls Gen. GRANT in
famous, a miserable, weak tool,
and a pitiful, INSCRIPTIONS liar"
1t proves its statements to be true by
quoting three sentences from Gen.
GRANTS correspondence, acknowledge
ing the President to be his superior of
fcer. and then an item from an ire
sponsible telegraph dispatch, to the
effect that somebody had heard some
body say that Gen. GRANT had said
to Senator Wilson, that there were
not dozen out Of $500 army officers
who would obey the Presidents order
unless sent through him. The pitt
fulness attaches to the silly scrib-
bier who seeks to palm off UGH stuff
upon his readers as either sensible or
logical.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

~ How 49, Mothers suffer the agony
Il seeing tlC1f4. tie ones snatched away
rom the. IL WhoopinR Cough, or
JiptheFfaet CT single bottle OF Poland's
White FIJI g. Ound would have saved
he bct enc. lis infallibie.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN. that
Az The co partnership heret1fore, exist
tin q Co., Of the Delmon co Saloon has
this day been dissolved by1 mutual consent
and the business will hereafte be conduct
ed by Messrs. Gown Ston q Kingston, who
are authorized- to collect ALI Gu tstanding
accounts and pay all debts contracted by
SAID nrIn. - F.4r-. .r..- e S. MARTIN.
febl8. ti- tfH+af aAt- aIl~ q \ &
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
I'm Bankruptcy.

THIS Is 10 GIVE NOTICE, that, on
the stu day of Feb uary, a. ~. 1868, a
Warral-t IN bankruptcy was issued against
the estate Of Robert k. DunkersOn Of Eve
aDEvilie, Ia the county Of Marlborough,
and State ofIndiana, who has been adiudg-
ed ban krupt o. his own petition; that
the payment or any debts and delivery Of
snyproperty belonging TO such bankrupt to
him, or for his use. and the transfer Of any
property By him, IL forbidden by law; That
a meeting or the cfeditOrs Of the said bank
rupt, TO prove heir debts and 10 choose
one or more asslgnees OF his estate, Will be
held at a Court Of Bankruptcy, 70 be hold
en- al the Office Of Charles II. Butterheld,
on Third street, in Evansville, Indiana,
before Charles III. Butterneld, Register,
on the 20lh day OF March, Alb. 1858, at 10
BENZ. J. sPOONER,
u. s. Marshal, District Of Indiana.
feb2s d2t N ff# F|NNtE
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

NeW Spring D. Cod.

LRESsRs. ". HOPKINS a 90. ARE
1EA. just In receipt OF a large STOCK 81 new
spring Dry Goods Of q qualify Lhat has
rarely been Imported INTO ttif ciiyi enc
braclng every article that comes within
the cope Of "a dry goods house. They have
on hand Carpets ~ the most elegant and
Of every descrip iOns me cloths and cassi-
metes; sheeu1gs, faIleoes, Eau paper Of
curtains to SUIT the most fastidious taste
In a word, al Hopkins can be found
every and any article that could be deeir-
public 10 callapd eXaniIte their large ana
elegant stock pefOre purchasing eiseSgbers
feb26 div
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28

COLONEL CONRAD BAKER,
or vanderburgh County.
FOR LIEUTENANT GovEREoR,
re3A00 Colonel WILL CUMBACK,
OF Decatur Co. .e
tefH FOR SECRETARY OF STATE,
MAJOR MAX. F. A. HOFFMAN,
et - or Cass County.
FOR TREASURER OF STATE,
GENERAL NATHAN KIMBALL,
or Martin County.
TOR AUprToR or STATE.
MAJOR JOHN D. EVANS,
or Hamilton County.
FOR CLERK OF THE SUPREME COURT,
CAPTAIN THEODORE W. MCCOY,
OF Clark County.
won FOR REPORTER OF SUPREME COURT.
Col. JAMES B. BLACK,
or Marion County.
FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL.
DELANA E. WILLIAMSON,
or Putnam County.
FOR SUPERINTENDENT PUB. INSTRUCTION,
BARNABAS C. HOBBS,
or Wayne County.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
JOHN INGLB, JR., q SON,
PrOprietOrs.
ONO N0.a MaLa slreel, Ysar Waler.
Qu!t the Us, OF Tobaeeo.


ITO ANY PH TsfCIAN, DRUGGIST,
III or private gentleman, who viii send
me two dollars ! will send the recipe or
TO- mula for preparing BentOn's great
remedy for destroying the appetite or de-
sire for tobacco. II u does not produce the
Ell. CT for which IL Is recommended, I VIII
refund all money. Yours truly.
JAS. BENTON, M D.,
feb2T A. Edinburgh, Indiana.
The Evansville journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ind.) 1866-1870, 1868-02-28
AMoUNr Do THEREoN s7OI b.
CONGRESSIONAL TowNsHIP FUND

LOAN No. 100. tsts
The routheast quarter Of the northwest
quarter OF Section No. thlrty-five 81, in
Township No six (6), south OF Range No.
eleven ull west, CONTAINING forty (40) acres
more or les, NOR gagged by BenonI Stin-
son and ruth Stinson, his wife, on the
2ith day Of May, 1852.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31
rsy Green a, Wise, Auctioneers.

COMMISSIONERS SALE OF A HAND
y SOME THREE-STORY BRICK Dwell
LING, ON FAIRFAX, BET WEEN KING
AND PRINCE STREETS.-In execution Of
a decree of the Circuit Court Of Alexandria Co :,
rendered at November term 1868, in the suit of
Eliza J. Wilson VS.. Edward G.. Fletcher and
others, the undersigned will offer for sale, at
public auction, on SATURDAY, the Both day
of Janusry, 1869, in front of tho Mayors Office,
in the city Of Alexandria that very desirable,
commodious and comfortable three-story 81
BRICK DWELLING HOUSE and LOTEI
OF GROUND, situated on the east side Of
Fairfax street, between Prince and King sts.,
in the city of Alexandra, at present in the oc-
cupancy of Edward @. Fletcher, esq.
IERMS-Onetenth of the purchase. money
to be paid down at the time of sale; the residue
in thrco equal instalments, at g. Il and IS
months from the day Of sale; the deferred pay
ments to bear interest, and to be secured by
the bonds of The purchaser, with good security,
and retention of title until all said payments
are made and the cash payment to be forfeited
on the failure Of the purchaser to complete his
purchase LA WHENCE b. TAY LOR,
$, FERGUSON BEACH,
dec 3l-ts Commissioners
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31
DEED.

Departed this life on Wednesday, December
30th, Mrs DORCAS MANKIN, consort OF
VIM. Mankin in the I'D year Of her age
az Her relatives and friends are requested TO
attend her funeral at O clock p. m. on Fri
day, January LIST, from her residence on Cam
eron street, near Henry.
At Soldiers rest" in Clarke county, Va,
December 22nd, 1868, Mrs. HATTIE H., wife
of Col. Washington Dearmont, aged Y years.
Truly, 'in the midst of life VIC are in death "
Within the present year, this estimable lady
pledged her affections at the hymenial altar ;
nd Is now TIE bride of dnath
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31
VIRGINIA NEWS.

The congregation OF the First Presbyterian
church Of Richmond, at meeting held yester-
day resolved, with very great unanimiiy, to call
the Rev. Thomas L. Preston, of Salem, R0a-
noke county, to supply the vacancy in their
pastorate, occasoned by the removal OF the
Rev. DR.. Moore to Nashville,
An ardent couple was married in Charlotte
county, Va, lately, standing on one muddy
bank OF swollen stream, while the officiating
clergyman stood on the other. The brldge'
had been swept away.
Mosley Clark, born June, l747, died yester
day, aged one hundred and twenty-one years
and six months. He was wagon driver dur
ing the Revolutionary war.
William Grcaner, one of The Oldest tobacco
manufacturers in that city, died in Richmond
Yesterday
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31
Foreign News.

European advices of yesterday state that
the Spanish Government will despatch ten
thousand soldiers from Cadiz for Cuba and
Porto Rico during the coming month. Concern
ing the Eastern question, the official papers
of Paris speak confidently OF the meeting and
success of the proposed Conference, and Wen
ma journals say that the Greek Government is
ready to comply with the recent demands OF
Turkey; whilst, on the other hand, despatch
received in London from Constantinoplo repre-
sents that great preparations are being made
by Turkey for war. The British House Of
Commons met yesterday, but without transact
ing any business Of moment adjourned until the
10th of February. Mr.. Reverdy johnson, in
speech yesterday, said that the naturalization
treaty between the United States and Great
Britain would be ratified by the u. S. Senate.
1t provides that British subject who has been
naturalized in the United States shall have
the same right to protection on his return tc
Great Britain as a native born American. VIM.
Drummer & Co., cotton manufacturers at Man
chester suspended on Tuesday.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31
STOyEA. TENlVAls1, &c.
. SOUTH ROYAL STREET.
q X. CLARKSONS,
-. 80. "a ~ ID q fUt.gN q
NEW STOVE WAKEROO,&,t59,;; r.,

Whore can be found such fine STOVES es
the IRONSIDKS. the EXCELSIOR, the coz
TINENTAL, the COLUMBIA and many o ON
ers, ell of winch are warranted 70 give entire
satisfaction. D.DrDp
Also. variety of the lates. style PARLOh
Lanndry Stoves and Template Stoves, together
with 3 general assortment Of TIN w RE and
HOUSEKEEPING ARTICLES, AL Of which
will sell as low SIS the lowest.
azs- Roofing Guttering and SPoutlng done
in the city ana country at moderate prices.
Country orders addressed as ABOVE WI" ''e''
N b WBiBBS DIAMOND HEATER and
SEXTONjS FIREPLACE HEATERS put
nm fn order. Oc l3-3m
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31

THE "OLD YEAR" closes tonight. 1t has
brought its trials and sorrows, its cares and its
perplexities-but we trust, it, also, has brought
to many, comforts and blessings, and renewed
hopes. The Almighty has been pleased to
preserve us to its end. For his merces let US
be grateful and thankcul-and repine not at
his Establishments, intended for wise purposes
and for our good.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31

Russia is vigorously and relentlessly crushing
out everything in Poland that marks its nation
atty. Many young Polish couples who would
not submit TO a Russian marriage service have
been secretly married at SOfpol, by a smith
who until recently. did very good business
The Russian authorities found him out and
sent him to Siberia The marriages made by
him were declared illegal, land the unlucky young
husbands have been enrolled in the army
Even baptisiDg must be done Ia Rasse. The
peasants think there is no saving efficacy IN
this, and the Christian ceremony Is often per-
formed at the very point of the bayonet.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1868-12-31

1t seems that at the outset, Mr.. Cave John
son, Postmaster General at the time the tele-
graph wires were first proposed, was not at all
urgent in his recommendation OF that means Of
communication, and rather ridiculed any ap-
preparation for their use Prof. Morse had to
introduce his invention under great difficulties