The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1868-04-20

1 SIZE tAE6 H16AG0 bAS pun
pose ofremovinR the blood, membrane,
and other impurities. They are then
introduced into machine which re-
| duces them into q paste. The paste 10
then transferred to an apparatus heat
ed externally by steam, and the mass
cautiously warmed to 1902 or 1909 Fair:
at the same time 1t is diligently stirred
and pressed with large wooden spoons,
so that the oil may be liberated at the
lowest possible temperature consistent
with economical results. As fast as the
oil separates, it is withdrawn; and the
stearine being first thrown down by
exposure TO a temperature under 40e
Fair, is filtered; after which it is con-
sidered perfect, and may be put forth
with into barrels and bottles. The fresh
err the liver, and the lower the temper
allure, the clearer, lighter, and sweeter
| in taste will be the oil. Livers more
than one day old require higher de-
gree of heat.
Three barrels of liver will yield one
barrel ofthe finer oils, and quarter of
barrel of dark DILL but these proper
lions are only Representatives, for
the results will always vary as
cording to the temperature employed in
the process. It is never originally
brown, but Is liable by lying long
in wooden casks TO acquire little
more color.
The annual produce of cod liver oil
by the Lofoden fisheries is estimated
| IS 600 barrels, each containing from
"a to % English gallons, and that of all
the other fisheries on the coast of Nor
way at about 81. eco barrels more
making total of 10000 barrels. Dur
ing the last two years prices have not
been sufficiently renumeratiVe to en-
courage the preparation OF the fine oil
on large scale; only two manutactur-
ers at Lofoden have done SO, and one OF
these, according to the chief surveil-
lance, made only ten barrels this year.
The information now incidentally
given relating to the propagation of the
cod, the deposit of its ova, and the Sc
curity of the young fry is, though linn
tied, an important addition to our
knowledge of the natural habits OF the
| fish; should further observations con-
on the spot, then it will appear that
Lofoden is the natural nursery for
these immense shoals of cod that swarm
the northern seas. OF course, cod ova
may be deposited, and Matched on many
coasts, our own included, but nowhere
on the same scale and with the same
great results as at Lofoden.
Immense shoals of cod arriving from
| the deep sea make their annual ap-
yearance on the Norwegian coast early
| in January and continue there to the
end of April, when the last OF
Ilem IeLuEn. AT N6H4OuuuldAuI SuOhI1
of cod arrive at the end OF June and re-
tire in October. By comparison of
these dates, 1t is apparent that their ar
rival first on one coast, then on the
other, and their departure first from
one coast, then from the other, are sep
arated by exact intervals of six months.
In both cases they come from and re-
turn to the deep sea, that is, the At
lantic Ocean. AT Lofoden they arrive,
and now alleged, for the purpose OF
spawning; at Newfoundland, certainly
as fish OF prey. at Lofoden, all other
kinds of fish fly before them, and are
suffered to escape: at Newfoundland,
they follow in fierce pursuit shoals of
capelin, cutie fish, and behring's. AT
Lofoden, they arrive in their finest and
best condition, leaving thin and emacia-
ted; at Newfoundland, they arrive
hungry and rayenous, devourinE their
prey with the greatest voracity, until
at last they become gorged and no
longer able to feed; In this state, pre-
vious to their departure, they can be
seen through the clear water to refuse
their food held before them as bait.
From the great bank of Newfoundland
to Lofoden flows that powerful equal
i2er of temperatures, that warm river
in the sea, the great Gulf Stream. In
its course, and about midway between
Lofoden and Newfoundland, is the
island of Iceland; cod leaving Lofoden
| in March to arrive at Newfoundland
in June and July, might be expected
between these dates to appear on the
fishing grounds of this island; they
actually do SO, the chief cod fishery in
Iceland occurring in the spring and
summer. Finally, cod approach Lofo-
den from the southwest; Newfound-
land is due southwest OF London.
Weighing these facts, a very interest
ing and important inquiry presents
itself, whether these multitudes of fish
pearing on the opposite side of great
ocean at definite and exact intervals
may not be composed of the same indi,
viduals moving in prodiGious numbers
and probably in detached shoals, urged
by powerful instinct to pursue sys'
tematic and periodical migrations-tc
the East for the purpose of propagation
and to the West in pursuit of food.