New-York tribune., 1868-12-17

execution is part o the original intention od So ~
Ai9trrt i'm tie formation of the world I'D adapllug W
~ 10 inhibited by human Bo;Sgs, because, We We
."ov readily hliAvG that except for tbs rIegnMl,y
~ me tc tompcIaure Of 800 degrees the very eo
trotv effect takes place, ana tne "aWI u. ,oes sue.
H Hcreases in bulk, and consequently De Deo'h ne s,rr.
~ I tier md like a cork floats upon lny e s
fcp an Immediately beneath II; SO that YOU and
h snrface of the water cooled down 10 81 LtSnd
oo INTO ice and yet that freezing does roy ~ cold
much below the surface You e far9y yoTe np than two
t tiF Won observe a cadron Of moIGn rs iV mass
cools does IL gOidify first on the Top int eauay at
0FI,d i'm l1Jc s0dify at the ton No Dt ~ t6be result
0i W Il ~ i most cnees the scd, when IS Wy ,t is
of c0ubaaatiOu. is heavier tah 'no In the case of
formed and siuks 10 the bottom ban water We have
tGe ,Tatrr fbe solid Is much gnte Ylirh is formed is
here another exception tba' ats upon IL. When We see
lighter thal le Sco feet above the suiiaCu " tr
an & ,o or every foot OF V ,rface. so
there 10 feet Of & of the whole bulk
Lake superior has unorst In fbs winter in any OF
gree5 ana @ Shall md water at about e atereDce to
Sfnre This is an inpoiSan, n,hIe. he Sncause YOU OBJ
the inhant"I " water as ii solidifed continued 70
shrink and TO become ngle Winter SO that no
mass would be long enough TO melt IT, ana e1eu Luz
death would rest upon me surface G,d oi @ ene end Of
Iosed fuIe containing vapor and containlns Wa'er & m
bulb the upper end ana me m he frcezns
in ITS turn distracted the heat from the wafer III uo
bulb above SO rapidly hat Was tre heating
of houses by hot water pipes snoWlns t,"V in unt u
heated water would rise from It's being nget hnateI
heated and thus circulation OF wafer neHJa I -, %,r,
above the boiling point, and therefore not name 10 % p
the atmosphere by eharrng particles GI Gus. en ~ VI The
be constantly maintained he pLoGeeoeu 10 sv % ~ ~ NV
chemical constituents OF water being two atoms Vi ny Ivy
dr,gn and one of oxygen These two gases whch nave
never been reduced 10 liquid form by mechanical pOWel
would readily unite by the naRca power ol CAcIlS@mi CAt a.
combination, and from that WoD1eiiu tS.IT obv sad
we call water The anceits ln lnelr pnioEto W. A.
the earth is composed OF four clements taFt N9eI Ar
and fire. We may interpret TINS Under the ngi'Y - az
science thus Earth is the sold, Water IS tue hqnd Az
is the gaseous condition Of matter and Fire the 9lce
that converts heu all from one condition INTO the othe
Applausc, We have in water tle soma cc, suliu auu
peImanent as granite long as the temperature Is un
changed. We have in water an nelase mobile, trans US
Visible gas which We cail steam. Although we
cannot by mechanical means compress the gases
which constitute water INTO hqaiusd OF Sttl%S tben
yet by heir union We can cohuelse Hein Ii
est degree Of artificial heat which II Is IN tue DOW "a
man TO produce mechanically. Two vessels, one Contain
ing hydrogen ana the otHeT Owen gus sa and s6ed
with single tube Ie lOIinIr Dehs ; hou anu S S I
produced an ordinary flame Uhe gas not belhg pne 9ul
much whter and more brilliant light. Placing in the
blaze a mass Of cold iron the water produced by the
union Of the gases condensed upon ne surface ids
from it IN drops He next placed in the blaze slender
bar OF steel and the heat great as to burn he
seg scattering ,ppo@sc fnOESF T6cse two e2-
ments by their collision, produce an amount oI AeH'
mode oi motion which is beyond 'n Thfn rni WU S
produce by any other artificial means ShGn - ~
mechanical We can indeed, by this Yoalc circuit HCt
focus of which everything which be melted melts,
and everything that melts vOatlIes. lnst, "s nav
4
t0p and motion in like manner can DO converted hto
heat We IRE yiBgnpOn ball Of matter moving through
space with planetary velocity, and That meGhahieai
motion with which the Garth Is moving IN
ms orbit could be suddenly arrested the amount
of heat which would be equivalent 10 that meehancal
motion would not only be sufficient to melt the Whoie
Garth but To actually voatlZe II into tlc nebuons state
again: nay It would be sufficient TO vollize six worlds
as large as that which we occupy. lApplauseI am
repared TO show you that some WOnd iul e&pellmets
with the spheIOda condition, but have Hot tne ana
will close This already TOO long lecture with slngo mus
trntiou more. There Is an erroneous idea tBal
steam-bOiler explosions are produced by the Iorlna
tiou of a certain gas. Tie only gls IL sealn
and A. Is ONLY because there IS too much steam IheTe Is
often too much steam because there IS too niue wafer
and also owing TO tine fact that when water comes INTO
contact with superheaed surfaces Of iron II Is suddenly
converted with great violence into steam, suhcehtB
powerful to tear the strongest metals Chemists utterly
deny that there any foundation whatever Tor he pop
uaf notion among mechanics that there IS produced 10
| cases OF EXPLOSIONS OF steam boilers, KIND or
| gas. There Is power enough produced by the
union Of these gases oxygen and hydrogen, to produce
all the effects which have been witnessed. AT this mo
ment a mixture OF oxygen and hydrogen gas In the
proper proportions IN mortar exploded, producing
loud repoltl There IS the sort OF gas that produces
explosions and 70 is the result Of the reunion and collision
of the elements OF Water These few OF the ideas
which are connected with the philosophy OF the tea
| kettle lAppauseJ
The lecture OF Prof sman was illustrated bv great
variety Of experiments many OF which were received
with much applause.