davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

81 want you to explain the points of the
compass to me. Bodily, what is the high
est latitude known?'' said teacher to his
pupil.
''The highest latitude known is that
which Bill Jones allows his feelings when
waltzing with our Kate"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

A lady was urged by her friends to mar
ry widower, and as an argument they
spoke of his two beautiful children-"Chil-
dren," replied the lady, "are like tooth
picks. A person wants her own"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Feed your poultry on raw onions chop
ped fine mixed with other food. about twice
a week. 1t is better than dozen cures
for chicken cholera. Pulverized charcoal
given occasionally is preventive ofputrid
attentions, to which fowls are very subject.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Pat O'Leary, fresh importation just
brought over, gazing in astonishment upon
an elephant in a menagerie, asked the
keeper, "What kind of baste is that
attn hay wild his tail ?"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

The veterinary editor of Wilkes Spirit
of the Times recommends the following
for scratches in a horse: take sulphate of
zinc, one drachm; glyeerine, two ounces /;
apply every morning.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

A Husband complains sadly at the price
of "ducks." His wife recently bought
three for $216, viz "A "duck" of a
dress, a''duck" of bonnet, and a "duck"
of parasol.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

"What pity it is, my dear sir" said
lady to Garrick, "that you are not taller" I"
should be supremely happy, madam. I"
replied Garrick, "to be higher in your es-
timation."
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08
QUI YIYR.

In the artic regions, when the thermom-
eter is below zero, persons can converse
more than mile distant. DR.. Janisoh
asserts that he heard every word of a SER
mon at the distance of two miles. =
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

A quack advertised to cure among other
incurable diseases, Marcobozarris, Abdel-
cader, Hippopotamus, Pota-toe-rot, Gasti-
Gus, Hydrostatics, Inflammation of the
Abominable Regions, Ager Fits, Shaking
Quaker Visits and all kinds of Anniversa-
ry.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

When you hear man say, ''Life is but
dream" tread on his corns and wake
him up. Lifo is real.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

If you want to make long story short.
ask the teller to begin at the end in 9th
er words, to give the tail of the tale first.
1t is "a good method to punish bores.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Calico, the well-known cotton cloth, is
named from Calicut, city in India, from
whence II first came. Calico was first
brought to England in the year 1851
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

ri wish," said a son Of Erin, "I could
md place where men don't die, that l
may go there and end my days"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

The love Of goodness only becomes real
by doing good. The mere admiration Of
duty, without an effort for its accomplish
ment, will but resolve itself into cant or
unmeaning phrases
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

When Amherst College proposed to in.
fict title on Henry Ward Beecher, he
vowed he would not be id.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

''Sam. are you one of the Southern
?" "No, massa, Use one of the
Southern shovelry. I shoveled dirt at the
Dutch Gap Canal"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

To be always intending to live new
life, but never to find time to set about II,
is as if man should put off eating from
ono day to another, till he starved
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

'tPat, is your sisters child "boy or
girl p "Faith an 1 don't know yet
whether I'm an uncle or aunt"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Adam was the only man that never tan.
talized his wife about the ''way mother
used to cook"
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Manure heavily, plough deeply and cul
tivate thoroughly, il you would farm well,
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Men, like books, have at each end q
blank leaf-childAood and old age.
Middletown transcript., 1868-08-08

Beautiful extract-helping handsome
young lady out of a mud hole,
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15
From the Macon Telegraph. |
TnE ISSUE IN GEORGIA.
Ietter from Hon, Benjamin II. Hill.
lA1nEHs, March "a. 1858.

AlHEH5, MARCH "a. 1868.
Ed.t3rs 7slcoroph am daily re.
cevmc aprlical!ons to max" speeches o.,
the rol,,lya. s,,uatiou, in The different
yO.llon, Of the State.
Please allow me space to answer
fnese communications through your col
umng. They are too numerous to am
Gwer separately, and The , ,asonn give
for declining to caIvaaS Tie State are
due to the public.
W hi- it. would be physically impos;i
bic for mo 20 visit lalI the places to
Which, am urgently invited had IN
tended 10 visit and speak at as many as
possible. and have been arranging my
pivntu nMd professional cngannmru,s 10
rnnblc me to do 80.
But after civin. the questions mvolv.
cd IN the pending issues ful consilala.
ton, ! do not and cannot believe it IS
necessary to discuss them bvfor. The
pnbllc, and that to presume such discus
SION necessary, is insulting to the pco-
rl",
There are two matters upon which
the people are asked to vote. The first
Is" whether they will accept or reject
the proposed negro Constitution! Now,
waving, for the argument, all question
aSi" the mconStiutionaljty OF &c In-
construction acts; ,hc corrupt and parli-
san manner IN which Cen. Pope laid on
lhe election districts and apporiioncd the
delegates 'h" iorcIbIr and fraudulent
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

PRoa REss. Conservative candidates
having been fairly and sqnarely elected
in East tennessee, the Commissioner Of
Registration settled Inc matter hy
throwing out The votes Of all the Con
scrsatlvc precinctsin the country, count.
ing only those which gave Radical ma.
lorIics IN order 20 declare elected all
tho Radical candidates.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

George Alfred Townsend writes from
Washington Boutwell, is the black haired
energy of this impeachment Bingham
holds the holm; Butler is in the maintop,
with carbine to pick The enemy off by
glib shots Stcycns is tho admiral dying on
deck Wilson and Williams are The handy
scamcn Logan is the boaiswain, who cnn
ycii the loudest but Boutwell, is the steady
%ind. blowing strong aft, to carry The vessel
into action
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

General Butler caught i'arter Thurs.
day, in The person Of Co!oncl Wallace, Of Tic
Twelfth Infantry. In reply toa question as
TO whGt business he had with Colonel Moore
ON tho night of February 22d, Wallace re,
piled that Colonel Moore sent for him to say
that his nomination for brovct promotion
had been set aside by the Senate. Batter
said that he had testified before The commit
tee that Moore eola him he was "rcicetcd"
by the Senate, and he wished TO know why
he had changed the expression now and
used the phrase ''sct asidc.' Wallace, with
an immovablo. .ooUntenanoc, looked for d mo-
mcnt sternly at Butlcr, and then, in clear,
ringing response, said he vas OF perfect
liberty to usc whatever phrascology he
pleased The General subsidized.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

The carpet baggers of Richmond arc get
'ing very sensitive about having the initials
{. b. NJ. put after their names. Here is
what one Of them recently said ut Loyal
League meeting:
Gentlemen, | am tired Of these d--n re-
ncl newspapers calling us carpet bag men.
| have therefore bought that trunk, and tho
next one who calls me g. B. NJ. carpet bag
NAM I'll tell him Of this trunk and dash tho
insin1ation back into his teeth.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

he man whose election WAS to "ruin
and bankrupt the State" Earow
stood ont few days, but finally sac,
ccptcd The bid, and with the frank
ness, candor and honesty Of purpose,
which lave characterized his whole
lie thus far" agreed to join those whose
object ''hc knew was spoils, and whose
game he knew was "lcgaiHcd robbie
ry!"
And this test.nonv could be multi
piled thousand ioll from the lesser
strikers. black and white" who belong
to tlS gang OF s"i-convict"d robbers
And what infamous acts confirm all this
evidence Of the Witnesses? CoruDiua.
tons formed by black nn,i ito To hrlp
cacI other TO the spoiI;. l'Iliy black,
wanted IL lh" l"8IsIa,rrc to control
the body. Fat Offices promised To- cinris
and suprln,rcndrnrS OF elections to IN.
sure another false count. Etra char.
tered, and black and white driukinp
ouI'"ck liquors together Mlsccgena,-
'ng dancing pirti"S celebrating the
nomtaatlon, which is to Iuau;,ura.n lie
| ~ ''o",, "'' 81" III tIe NdpiIol III
INC 'o'a'e' these Sc"n"$ and many
more too Disgusting for 4 decent man to
stain paper with th"lr recital, give us a
'ar 'o'', OF wh'h must "e 'he poIt'ca.
c'V'' aha Sn"!a' c'n'ii''on OF our people,
""',' ,''e "'''-'"'n 'hc"FH OF Ia" cq''alI'
" OF 'h' races -'n'i prrSnS" OF lGno'
l""c,' n a"" Foy%i '"!" 't ci''l"--shaIl be
, 'A'o ",l' cS''p''S''c'' a. $'he fundamental!
''% OF III" '''''''
~ >"": '''' "",''' arEnm"n', reason or
N|'S''''s'3" , :, t,nc'' %"Hh me" rs Brown or
''''J" v qua tH'l reach n"n who
,, Wo"In oT''''e 'n"m' who would follow
.'",''' w. """'" ">,'h 10 ,hcm' who
"o'''' r$P'c' '"'"' t"i' you. the
'"'', VINO 9"nl'rt ""''i a &mG have
,''"o "P '"''' h''"u' to DC corrapt, hey
! ucSte 10 be corrupt, they expect TO live
rrrsna ,inn r,r.,,,, ,'.r;ii
! !, \v,,,, ~ Nv" '''"'
y" '"'' YOU resort - reason To con
V'hr" "ohlh'! SIIc ought 10 be vriuotis.
! And must we can.lsS the State to con.
vince dcconl wAi,r men ,h:t ,hrv ,,,ri,,
| T., hn lnr,r.lL '''N ~
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

Truly DRAMATIC &c Gncruls Grant and
Butler, ii would seem, have had n reconcile
alton. They have come toGc;i.c. and cm
1raced as long lost brothers. each finding
the identical strawberry mari; on the others
arm, amI each producing, from The interior
of his waistcoat, a counterpart lockct, with
o counterpart picture Of the same identical
woman, who, rs they now discover was the
mother Of each ! Oar gay and brilliant
fri nd, George Wilkes, Esq, Of H'NhcS'
Spl3t, played the hcary father on this deep.
ly interesting occasion. and. extending his
hands over the heads Of the reunited broth.
crs as they embraced, cried aloud, with
great sobs: "Bib bib bib .Llr.5 YOU, nv
chi h!-cli Children" with the most palhct-
&c JUNCTION and largo display OF rcd ban
danna kcrclicf in true dramatic style. =
Then Bottled Butler fell on Grants breast
and nnhottlcd himself Of many tears. Aftcr
which CRAM foil OH Rutlcr's brGsi, and the
two had real, high"stylcd, tough, old,
fashioned crying and lugging match TO.
gc'hcr, such rs the little boys who cal
peanuts i'll the pit Of the Bowery Theatre
never fail to be delighted with an applaud
TO the echo. Beautiful arc these two in
their lives; i'll their deaths let them not bc
divided. ~. Y Cihzen.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

THE kU KLUX KHAN TO DE BRoKEN rr.--
General Grant has OF dered the commanders
OF military districts to take immediate and
summary means for breaking up and prt.
venting tho organization and spread Of he
rebel Order known to outsidcrsl aJ Tho
.'Ku Klux Klan."
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

a. body of Choctaws and Comanchcs
arc IN Now Orleans and propose to play
base ball after their stylo at the fair
gronnd.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

X. X. K.-Tho Ku Klux Klan arc. kallcd
upon TO kasigatc or kill any kullcred kuss-
es who may approve tho konsti,ution being
koncoctcd by the kontempible karpot. bag.
ge:s at tho kapitol. Each" Klan is kom.
manded by a akaniverous korn | who kol.
!cc's his komradcs with kurc and kauiion
commensurate with The magnitude of the
kausc. Whcncvcr kouycred, they must
korrccly give four kountcrsigns These
arc: "kill ihc kullcrcd kuss klcan out the
knrpet-baggcrs kr0sh the konycnlion ;
karry konyersation; konfsion to kougrcss
konfcdcrates will kcnquor. OF kourse the
klan kroates considerable konsternation
among the Kongos and their kunnsng kon-
ductors, who knlculatc thn! their kaieor
may be kut short by katastrophies. KoW
ardly kurs, they kant komplain.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15
The Northern Mothodists Preparing the
Way for Rc-en slavine ths Blacks, and
Whites also.

The Northern Mothodists Preparing the
| Way for Ro-en slaving ths Blacks, and
Whites also.
! "Thc religion Of the North is bound
to rdlc this continent, and these who stand
IN thc way tas you al do in tho South must
get out Of the way" Such is the assertion
Of Il Northern Methodist minister so called
OF Chicago in recent letter to ;ho Knoxville
frce P|eSs. lie again says .iih. "rcigion
IS SIMPLY ones conviction Of duty TO ones
self. his fellows, and his Creator" and "has
nothing TO do with rewards AID punishmcnts
i'll some other world, but belongs entirely
to ones sojourn on this earth" lie also
says: 'Wc have our own views and Scuti.
meats, which, with MS, arc the Creators
views and desires as to us, and being the
stronger, we announce our claim, BY Gods
laws, to all those men and things which
como in our way. We therefore claim to
own IN Zee simple every person and thing in
all the conquered South in any wise appcr-
tanning to the Southern people, whether
white or black. The blacks belong TO us
''''' 's "N'' 'E NV NuitCS iHl III IL were
our religion to buy, "cll, and work them as
slaves, then it would be done, unless n stron-
ger religion should Interfere to prevent
u.s.
II will be observed that IN lrfniuw his
religion Id Hlaccs his duty to himself be-
fore his duty 70 his Creator or TO his fcl-
lows, and We may infer, therefore, that con
Sidcraiions 0: private interest will he para.
mount to any sense OF duty towards God or
Of obligation to his fellow beings, the more
especially as he distinctly disavows any
hehci IN u future state OF rewards and pun
ishmcn,S. Is ii TO be wondered at, there.
fore, that sHch men have no reverence for
'hc Constitution and laws ofthc coun>
try, which so frequently conflict with their
own VIII Whatever stands in the way Of
Their whinis or carr!ccs is an obstacle, and
must be put out Of the way" The Bible
and che Constitution. whom found inarplico
bic, to their prcordaircd purposes, mus,
both be studied, no; III the light of the in
'erprctatiuns OF conlcmporancous writer's
and with the aid Of judicial decisions, but
with view TO the cX!gcncy Of a party
Have We not lhc clovcn foot Of the ]aeobin
clearly opposed from under the as>,imol
Gnrb Of the Northern Methodist ?-Nrr
York UcraiL
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

How THE SOurU CAN HELP lrsELr BEST.
-li"d our pc 'pc turned ii deaf car to Mr..
'ohnson'S invocation to rcorgrnile their
Sintes after the wax, had they gone . rnis.
ing bread and meat instead o, cotton,
whcrcwith 70 buy these things. had they cs-
chcwc! amy idea Of '':e organizing labor
and let the negro severely alone. unless if,
urge to act, they had insisted upon clccting
him to Office, and especially upon sending
him 10 Congress. they would have now been
pecnni"ri,y Independent, aud tnrmorc so pc
lltically than they can hope 10 hc f1r some
time to come.
The best they can do now is to go to work
10 give internal wealth to their homcstcads.
making them rich in fruits and grasses,
gathering on them the Ec$t o stock, not in,
Guiding the negro, and TO vote down, il they
can, any form of government dictated 10
tnem from abroad and, il ihcy cannot, to
vote for and elect engineers "r their own TO
manage it, ana to posses. their souls in pa.
thence. satisfied ihat no possible system Of
government can be so injurious rs neglect
OF vert: ana n calling Oh Iicrculcs. Without
taking hold of the wheel.
If the white people Of the South were at
this moment in possession of all the food
and clothing they need for this year, and
were secure Of raising it for the year to
come, though nc mnmh@d more than MS
honest cad, which is exempt from forced
sale they would be beyond The reach of
Federal oppression. They can become so
ihis year, in spite of Congressional enact
mcns and even the passing of their State
governments into :hc hN!.ia of~adycnlurcrs,
~. .. HirANNEs
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

Socrates was esteemed the wiscst man Of
his timo, because hc turned his acquired
knowledge into morality, and aimed at
goodness mode than greatness.
The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1868-04-15

Never, never until that fatal madness
which seeks to degrade intelligence and
write, and cultivate ignorance and vice,
shall have ceased TO find tolerance amons
the people, and nnul nhe bold bad men,
who opcnl V make bargains 10 deceive
the people in order 10 rob the State,
shall receive the brand OF iufamy and
are made 'fugitlvcs and vagaboMaa N
the emth.'
ours, very truly,
B. Ii. Hill.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-03-25
fEMPHIS TENNESSEE WEDNESDAY EVENING. MARCH 25 1868
Secretary mcculloch on Reduced Taxation.

Secretary Mcculloeh on Reduced Taxation.
The following important letter from
Secretary McCulloch has been addressed
to the Chairman Of the Senate Finance
Committee:
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, March l6, 1888.
DEAR SIR: The abolition Of the duty
on cotton will reduce the revenues some
$40 900, 900. The bill which has recently
passed the House, and is now before the
Senate, abolishing after the lst Of May
next, the taxes. on manufactures and
other productions imposed by sections
"a and 95 ofthe act af June 80, 1864, and
enumerated in Table II in the report Of
the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
for 1867, pages 1886, 1886 and 337, with
certain exceptions, will, ii has been esti-
mated, effect reduction of some $60,-
100000 on the basis of the last years
revenues.
1t must also be borne in mind that this
large reduction Of the revenues from the
internal industries Of the country will
have the effect of reducing the general
level of prices throughout the country,
and thus tend to interrupt and to lessen
importations, and, therefore, to diminish
the customs revenue. A considerable
portion of the large revenues from GUS
toms received during the last two fiscal
years, and which are still maintained,
are due, in no neonsiderable extent, to
the fact that the high prices in this coun-
try have made our market desirable
one for the sale of foreign productions.
So great q reduction of prices as will be
effected by the contemplated legisla-
tiog cannot, repeat, but have ten
dency to reduce importations, and, con-
sequently, to impair the revenue from
customs.
Should the bill referred to become a
law, | think it may be fairly estimated
that the total revenues for the next fiscal
year will fall from hundred to hum
dred and twenty millions below the esti-
mates made in my last annual report
1t is exceedingly desirable that taxes
should be reduced, and | should hail with
pleasure the proposed reduction, if | felt
assured that it would be accompanied
with a corresponding reduction of ex-
penditures. am free to say that am
greatly apprehensive that such reduc.
ton OF expenditures will not be made,
and that the revenues of the country for
the next fiscal year, if the bill now before
the Senate or in the hands of your COM
mittee should become law, will be in
sufficient to meet the interest on the pub
lie debt and the current expenses of the
Government. l earnestly ask that the
Finance Committee will give the subject
careful consideration in all its bearings,
before reporting favorably on the bill re-
ferred to. Nothing could be more disas-
trous to the credit of the Government at
the present time, than such reduction
of taxes as would create necessity for
an increase of the public debt.
Very truly yours,
II. MoCULLooH,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-03-25
H. mUCULLOCH,
Secretary of the Treasury.
A Clerical wolf-Row Among the Lambs of
the Flock.

the Flock.
From the Lafayette Undiann) Journall
Last Wednesday evening was enacted
scene in the meeting house on Laura
mie Creek, about three miles north of
Stockwell, which was not at all becom-
ing to a moral and Christian community.
The minister of the aforesaid church is
J. W. G. Covey, who, few days ago,
published in the Journal q great many
testimonials from elders and members of
the Campbellite church in defense OF his
character, and who has for some time
past held protracted meetings in the ru-
raj districts thereabouts successfully.
This man has been too free in his re-
marks Of denuuciation of other churches,
which was not at all palatable to the eiti.
zens generally, and caused bad feeling
to exist between the two parties. 1t
seems that responsible man of the
Methodist church had got in possession
of certain documents of the Campbellite
church, denouncing said Covey as an i'm.
poster, and, under several specifications,
had banished him from the church. The
possessor of the documents was bent on
reading them aloud to the audience af-
ter dismissal from service on Saturday
evening, but failed ia the attempt, for
Just as he stood up to request the atten-
tion of the audience, the members made
q rush for him, and he beat q hasty re-
treat, escaping through the door with his
papers. But this was not all of it; the
citizens of the neighborhood seemed
bound to have the documents read to the
congregation at the close of service, and
accordingly, last Wednesday evening,
after a sermon by said Covey, another
possessor of the documents arose and
asked the attention of the congregation,
but when Mr.. Covey recognized the man,
he arose in the pulpit and cried out,
Don't let him read it Members, at
tend to him Attend to him !" Then
there was a rush made from the pulpit
toward the door. The outsiders" were
seated near the door, and rushed to the
defense, and before the possessor of the
documents was aware, they were
snatched from him and torn to pieces.
Both parties had come to extremes, and
the house of God was converted into a
temporary battle field. Several knock
downs ensued, and blood boiled hot, but
fortunately no lives we're lost The
document man and his friends beat
hasty retreat, leaving the other party
victorious-inspired, perhaps, with the
pride that swelled the hearts of the old
crusaders when battling for the cross.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-03-25

Two libel cases have just been decided
in New York, the one in which Moses S.
Beach, Of the New York Sun, was sued
for $50, 900 damages for copying para
graph in regard to Mrs. Dean Boxer
Whose marriage some years ago excited
much astention), and in which the jury
gave a verdict for the defendant The
other case was that of the Nation, in
prosecution commenced against it BY
conductors on the New Jersey railroad,
for remarks on his conduct at the time
Of 4 railroad accident, resulting in the
killing Of Professor Dwight In this suit
also the jury gave q verdict for the de-
fendaBt. making up their minds to that
effect in Eve minutes
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-03-25

The wealth of Partisan actresses, who
save, is incredible. Mile Augustine is
worth 100000; her mother is worth
100000; Nine. Brohan is worth $780,
900; Mile Leonide Leblanc is worth
$5OO,OOO; Mile Celine Montaland is
worth 100000; Mile Durvergier is
worth 100000; Mile Page is worth
100000; Mile Alice Ozy is worth $780,
600; Nine. Doche is worth $500, 900.
Their professional incomes, alas, did not
provide these fortunes.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-03-25

BEN. BUTLER says he should despise
the Ten Commandments if they taught
him to forgive Andy johnson" Of
course the wretch would hate the Ten
Commandments anyhow, because one of
them says Thou shalt not steal.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-03-25

AT recent performance of Ernant,"
in New York, the tenor, Pancani, appro-
priately killed himself in the last act,
but the curtain would not 60 down, and
the dead man was obliged to get up and
walk off amid the applause of the au-
dinnna