Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1868-07-17
From the London Horse Book. Publish.
by the Royal Society,"
TR.Iu'ELLI.V'6 EEE.yTS.


do not use any animal, either to ride
or drive, when sick or wounded. Because
humanity cries shame at such an act
2.-Every horse should have two hours
steady work each day; but less is required
for an old than for a young one. Because
moderate exercise excites Precipitation ant
digestion, both of which are necessary tC
health.
3.-Many horses suffer from being al
ways kept either in a state of idleness OIL
overwork. Because these two extremes
equally distant from healthy exercise, ar,
the fertile causes of disease and injuries o
every kind, and should never be allowed
by those who have the care of animals.
4.-Do not overload your animal at any
time. Because il is not only cruel and un
just to the horse but improbable to tn,
driver.
5.-See that your saddle is sufficiently
large, and that it bears evenly on tn,
horses back. Because small saddle, from
not resting on the proper parts, gals ant
pains the horse cruelty.
6.-See that the saddle is dry before it /.
used. Because, if damp, it will soon chaft
the back and cause a sore.
IA saddle that needs to be girthed ex-
cessively tight, should not be put on. Be.
cause a moderate girthng will secure it, il
it fits the animal in proper way
s.-Never allow the stuffing of your sad
die to get hard and knotty with use. Be-
cause in that case, it becomes a source OF
great pain, and makes the animal kick and
plunge on the riders mounting.
9.-Sharp bits are worse than useless in
ordinary cases. Because they make the
mouth tender at first, and afterwards hard
and callous the horse then grows unman-
ageable.
10.-The check rein is, in nearly every
case, painful to the animal and useless to
the driver. Because it fastens the head in
an unnatural posture and, as the horses
shoulder and head fall together, cannot be
of any real support in case of stumbling.
n.-When from some defect in the ami
NAL, or other cause, the check rein is used,
ii must be slackened to more considera-
BILE degree than is generally done. Be-
cause in addition to the easier position of
the neck, greater portion of weight can
be thrown into the collar, especially going
up hill, thus saving great and unnecessa-
ry expenditure of muscular power.
12.-There is an important difference be-
tween tight check-rein and frightened
rein, although not generally understood.
The first is injurious, and cannot help the
horse, while the latter is often useful. Be-
cause the latter is a steady support to the
animals head from a distinct and intelli-
gent source, the driver; whereas the for
mer is only the horses head fastened to his
own shoulders. That the check-rein is in
consistent with the action of the horses
head, is clearly shown by the fact, that
when horse falls it is always broken.
13.-See that the wheels of the vehicl,
are kept properly creased. Because this
seemingly trivial cause, often unattended
to, gives the horse much extra labor; anC
has been calculated by experienced OBJ
servers to double his work
14.-When cart or plough horses are long
out at work, the driver should always car
ry n nosebag for each, and proper food
Because they can thus get little food
without being unharnessed) during the
intervals of rest which will render them
less likely to gorge themselves when in the
stable.
15.-When practicable let the horse Lave
something to rest the nosebag on. Because
this saves the necessity of tossing it up at
every mouthful ; and avoids the danger OF
straws and dust getting into his eyes and
nostrils.
l6.-The nosebag should be leather at bot
tom, and of open, porous texture above.
Because the lower part will thus retain the
food safely, and the horse can breath easily
through the upper part.
1.-THE evening before a long journey
give a liberal feed. Because this extra
nourishment will be needed, and vet re-
quires time to be digested.
H.-On the morning of starting give on
ly half feed of oats or a little hay. Be
cause digestion and exertion cannot both
go on at the same time. Starting on Jour
ney with full stomach is likely to bring
on staggers or fits.
l9.-On the road feed in small quantities
about every two hours. Because this will
prevent exhaustion, yet not overload the
animals stomach. Long fasts and then a
full feed are the most certain means you
can use if you wish to bring on staggers,
megrims or apoplexy.
2O.-On coming home, give double feed
of oats and full feed of beans. Because
this will make up for the extra labor and
spare food during the day.
2l.--Let the horse have, when he stops, 9
mouthful of wet hay, and a sip or two o
water. Because this assuages his thirs
without bloatng him up, so as to injure hi,
wind.
22.-lf he wishes TO drink at pond on
journey, let him have a sip or two. BE
cause little will allay his thirst, but ,
large draught would do him harm Will
taking exercise.
23.-When your horse has quenched hi
thirst do not let the attendant dash the re
mainder of the water into his face; but le
him wipe the animale's eyes and nostril
with wet sponge. Because the latter
practice refreshes the former terrifles.
H.-To make the horse suffer thirst 1
cruel and dangerous. Because it viii
bring onspasms, inflammation, and suddel
death.
25.-Lead the horse carefully through tn
stable door at starting. Because neglect @
this is frequent source of injury. Acct
dents make The animal frightened for
long while.
26.-If you are unacquainted with tn
animal, caress, and coax and humor hin
at starting. Because many horses go IL
through fear of stranger, and not iron
vice.
H.-Accustom your horse to stand quit
still till you are mounted or seated. The
start at walk. Because you can see if tn
horse is all right, and will most likel.
avoid accidents.
2s.-Go slowly the first and last mile
Because the horse ought to get warm, an,
get cool, by degrees.
29.-Neyer attempt to go fast and far a
the same time. Because If you succeed