The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-08-11


recovery rom the severe internal uries with which
the empire Is afflicted and to which are Justly as
years. II remains to be seen whether this new ex-
pertinent FOR regeneration of Austria will be sue
cess s No small impeachment rs the biseeted cha
and Transylvania having been restored 10 their
former constitutions and privileges have cleft the
dent Of each other Bp tas d naepsn
OF the situation is most materially Increased by the
financial distress OF the State which IL is AGAIN ain
hoped may be relieved by rigorous development of
commerce and traffic. abolition OF troublesome bar
riers, advantageous and commercial treaties though
a very heavy taxation must necessarily remain nm
ayOdable.
or England he says:-Next to significant, almost
strict uphodng OF the privileges OF the high born
even up to the throne. Great wealth OF organic life
ate a Pupo ta when is obso
tendencies, but also public welfare. The system OF
administration, the judiciary and military manage
upon custom and practice and not upon theorern.
For this reason we observe, Notwithstanding certain
limited views, immense multiformlty in every
branch Of public life. The finances show an mex
naustble supply OF resources coupled with an ex-
travagant national debt The army Of the land, not
numerous, without systematic organization, mostly
consisting OF the breadess and lazy, corresponds,
however, owing to ITS external discipline and sus-
difficult demands, while the better situated of the
nation dsdain service and have yet to develop and
give e Proof Of Of the efficiency Of militia
nsnment, until now weak imitation, has been OF
late greatly improved. With an insignificant navy.
large number Of fortresses and neutrality guar.
anteed by international treaties it gives hope OF the
preservation Of its political independence
0l france , we haye:TThe French, though Of great
natural ability and liveliness of spirit neverthe-
less not much instructed owing to want OF sum-
Gent and good schools and the lack OF interest for
erudition may be found but it is confined to
few The general aim OF the middle
classes being 1a ior practical easttsc socaed use
vatlon s trait which partly accounts for the moral
deprivation OF the people. The French call them
"grande nation" Others have called it the most
amiabe. With justice, however such national faults
as vanity egotism, frvolity and want OF pety have
been charged upon them. Though by no means free
from blgotry the French under pretext OF destroy
ing superstition have trampled under their feet to
great extent all religious Christian conviction.
or the government OF France the author says
After the revolution Of 1S48 in consequence of
which the inviOlabe monarch with his charte yerite
was forced to give way to President elected by the
tickle nation and to republican constitution the
latter has been set aside since the coup detdt OF
December 1851. The liberty Of the sovereign peO-
pie was then limited to very narrow measure as
accorded by the new constitution of jan
ruling President, now hereditary Emperor o'' Of
the French, who has not since deigned to
increase, except nominally, these liberties Though
the people are allowed by this constitution some
share in The management of public affairs, yet in
reality, even after the concessions afterwards made
which are without hardly an exception but apparent
Ones the whole legislative az well as executive power
rests solely in the hands OF the chief of the State.
modlncati0n OF the already very respectable and
well tried army establishment has recently taken
place. Its purpose is to furnish the army-the main
prop OF the imperial pOwer-with numerous and
well trained reserve for war and to improve the or
ganZation of the militia. The general liability TO
serve III the army Is adhered to, but 1t Is limited
heretofore, by the privilege OF furnishing substi-
tutes.
Russia IL spoken OF in no fatterng terms. The
culture OF the Russians Is improving. though 1t
lacks even In the European portions OF the empire
Chrstian-European stamp, which often appears
as thin coat only OF external civilization over n.y.
perboreal barbary. The case liz more glaring owing
To the higher classes, which, though talented and
partly well instructed are not seldom without q
strict appreciation OF moral dignity such as is
acknowledged by other civilized nations, and to the
lower classes being without religious education and
general school instruction. though the latter seems
to gain somewhat In extent. Its Baltic provinces
are the most advanced. Recently marked ten
dency has been observed to RUssfy the non Russian
inhabitants OF these provinces, particularly the Ger
man stock.
1t fair to close these extracts with few from the
chapter Of Prussia, in the government OF which the
author holds such prominent position OF the great.
est Importance and not only for political objects Is
the defensive system OF Prussia, based as 1t Is upon
general duty TO serve capabty OF the whole nation
~ bear arms and prompt readiness for hOstiltes, ut
The same time promoting moral education. This
system. lately extended over the whole North Ger.
man confederation serves in peace as In war; with
It's wen tried Institutions, an example to all
c0nfederates, and may be looked upon, In than
one respect the most important and successful
tie for the social and political union OF Germany. In
the same manner has the Pruss,an navy, now sailing
under the North German Bund nag. given the nucleus
OF German naval Power, which, under Prussian
direction, bids fair to develop itself prosperOusy. OF
equally great importance for the army IL that ~ stem
OF military instruction which has been up to this
time, adopted by al our ccnfederates. =
The defence OF the country consists apart from the
army IN number OF excellent fortresses. Numerous
are the institutions Tor the manufacture and preser
walton OF implements OF war; Prussia
conformabe 70 It's history, is essentially military
state.