Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1868-10-23

Address Of Hon. Landon q. Haynes
---Premiums and Certificates
Awarded.

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Awarded.
Old Sol made his appearance In
rather CHEEKY way yesterday, consequent
ly the attendancs at the Fair Grounds
was pretty large. The address by Hon.
Landon G. Haynes was delivered about
noon. II was just what every one ex'
pscied from a ripe scholar aHd man Of
sound. practical sense. We resret our
want Of space prevents US publishing
more than few ereerpta On the sub
division of large farms, rotation Of crops
and immigration, he said;
The agriculture Of the South is now
upon the eve Of great revolution. Inc
days Of large proprietors, OF great plsnta-
tons for the exclusive cultivation OF cot
ton ON a large scale, with heavy capital,
has passed away with that revolutionary
struggle which overthrow the system OF
slave labor, and which has resolved
Southern society into its original ele-
ments. The entire system OF industry IN
the Southern States must now be reor-
ganized in other and different principles
principles in harmony with the new
order OF things.
II our people act with practical wis
dom, and hope hereafter 10 attain the
highest prosperity in their social and
economical condition, there must be
subdivision Of large plantations, hereto.
fore exclusively devoted to the growth OF
cotton, into small farms, owned by small
proprietors, who, under the influence OF
the almost omnipoient principle OF self
interest aud the sense OF property, would
soon turn the waste places aud unculti-
waited lands around them into scenes OF
fertility like the properties Of the peas
ant proprietors of Switzerland, Flanders,
Holland, and the hourishiag regions OF
Germany.
II is not possible, gentlemen, to cult
vate your large plantations and estates
without an amount Of labor which you
are now unable to control, and large
capital which you cannot now command
in the present chaotic condition OF in
dustry.
But these are considerations which do
not apply to those small proprietors who
not only own the soil, but themselves
hold the pillow by which it is cultivated.
Their time and labor are both their own,
and by assiduous tillage, careful drain
ing and ditching; by clearing and fenc-
ing the lands; by the use of manures
and fertilizing agents; and by a rota-
ton of crops of Indian corn. wheat,
buckwbeat, rye, oats, clover, fax, cab
bsge, turnips, parsnips, potatoes, peas,
beans and cotton, they would soon more
than double all animal and vegetable
production and this country, so new
and rich as it is, would soon attain fer
tiity and prosperity unexampled in the
history OF mankind. Especially would
this be so under the influence of wise
and stable governments, State and Fede-
raj; exercising their functions in econ
omy of expenditures, equality of taxa
ton for unitarian purposes, and. the
security of person and property.
This policy would leave to you and to
your children smaller but more valuable
landed estates, on which your care, dill
gence and capital, being concentrated
within narrower limits, would enable you,
in this genial climate, so prodigal in per-
fections, to make your homes the abodes
of wealth, elegance and luxury.
But from whence, you may ask, are
these small proprietors to come l an
swer, from Europe, from the Northern
States, from your own swarming towns.
villages and cities. Already emigrant
societies are forming in the South, to aid
the immigration of European peasantry
and yeomanry, from the old and densely
populated countries of the other hemis-
phere, where population has reached its
maximum of increase and the overstaxed
soils refuse longer to yield food sufficient
to support human life in circumstances
of comfort, to these cheap and fertile
regions. That principle of self
interest and self-preservation which
Providence has graciously bestowed
on our species to arouse them
to activity, and which lead them
from the earlier seats of the human race
into every quarter of the globe, is still
operating to impel man to fly from pow
erty and beggary to seek his prosperity
and fortunes in these new, cheap and
splendid regions Open to the emigrant
the way anc show him that way, and he
will come hither to seek bis true and
substantial happiness in the ownership
of property; where the personal indie
pendence of landlord and the dignity
of citizen will reward the tolls of his
manly adventure,
Respecting the growing of grains and
grasses, he said;
The industry of this country must be
reorganized on different principles, and
the attention of the farmers of Shelby
should be immediately turned TO the Gull
tivation of corn, wheat, rye, oats, and
edible vegetables, and especially the
grasses. 1t is shameful fact that the
people of the city of Memphis purchase
at enormous prices nearly all their bread
stuffs and meats, and grain and hay for
their dependent animals, from the North
western States. 1t needs no argument to |
show the disastrous effect upon your |
and the constant exhaustion |
of the circulating medium in your midst.
Shelby county herself ought to be |
able, and would be able, upder |
a high state of prudent culture,
to produce the bread and meat,
the hay and the grasses demanded by the
of this county and CITY, at
prices greatly below those now paid by
consumers; but to do this, you must
cultivate the grains, grasses and live
stock. Without the grains you can have
no bread, and without the grasses you
can haye no beef, mutton, milk, butter
and cheese; fox Il is by these simple
products, that all those blessings come.
Every farmer in Shelby ough: forthwith
to lay down a portion of bis lands in
timothy and red clover-a finer soil and
climate for the production Of which does
not lie beneath the sun. have seen red
cIover This simmer. with nv own eyes,