Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1868-03-18
ADV ERTI Is E III E n T.
Scientific Examinations y!
HOW DISEASE is LOCATED !!
FOR THE BEN Eff
OF THE
Medical Profession ]!
FOR THE BENEFIT

1ne first urine passed in the morning or after
nights rest is that which should always be oD-
tanned, as il comes more from tiie whole OF ihe
blood and is the fairest average in constituents
On the presentation of q specimen of urine for
examination the and age OF the patient Is 10
he obtained. The name for convenience OF refer
ence in after examinations, and the aYold9nce OF
confusion in subsequent prescriptions knoWI-
e9o of the aye is necessary inaSInuch as healthy
urine even varies in composition IN children, |
adults and the very aged and besides 1t serves
to Il the standard of the urine and for the regu
Iation Of the doses of medicine we then place
the specimens of urine in n test-tube or watch |
glass and take observations of its physical proper
Ties as OF color opacity cloud, peicle, or deposit
&C &C These appearances alone, many times,
throw q food of light upon the nature of the case
We then immerse the Urinemeter, which is
small glass Instrument with two Dails OF Duips ana
q narrow stem, the stem being marked by degrees
corresponding the depths 1t will sink, according
TO the density OF this fluid.
This gives Us n knowledge of the specific gravity
the urine and puts rs in possession OF the data
necessary for the calculation OF the proportion OF
solids excreted by the kidneys and not unfre-
auentIy enables Us TO detect previously unsIls-
pected cause of enaciatIon-
Next we obtain the knswledge of the acidity,
alkaIinity or neutrality OF the specimen. This Is
done by In!nersing in the urine, blue and red lit
linus paper. If the urine be acid, the blue color
OF the paper viii be changed TO red If alkaline
the red viii be changed to blue but if no change
occurs in either, the urine Il neutral
4 knowledge ofthe state OF the urine in this par
ticrIar Is highly important in itself but more es
reciaIIy III connection with subsequent chemical
analyses Of the deposits as 1t forms guide Tor the
therein
From the color, opacity, cloud, penicle, or de-
DCsit quality. Cdor, freshness or putridlty acid
irv, aIainity or neutrality q the urine toleI:i-
Tti.. close conjecture AT least, nuy be made as 10
.h,. character 81 the fluid which few vell-dl-
iected experiments will generally DC sufhcient 10
decide.
1.-THE urine be very hiail-coiorcd, blood may be
suspected If 80. dark coagulun VIII be found
boiling IN . vial OF test-t1Ge
II o.. boiling the dark coagulurn be not present,
and adding little hytirochlorc acid !, oeclded
ffrl. of
matter.
Ifthere are any traces Of pink color present
the addition OF a warm solution of urate OF ammo
MA VIII throw down pink-colored pEeclpiIate
called p1DptT9re.
ftIc specific gravity be higher than one thou
sand and TWENTY-FIVE. may be suspected TO be
m rxceSs if a. by the addition Of an equal bulk
81 nitric acid Keeping the glass cool lay allowing
float in water, crop OF CRYSTALS o. nitrate o
fftIrca be not found, sugar may be suspected
when 5v mixing one-third part Of lquor-potassi
with the ;lrne ana boiling quickly fOr five min
utes the liquid will assume = brovIisil o. blstr
Ifthe urine be fully cid TO test-papcr- and
l,Yrcipitatc be formed - boiling. au-l t lay ~
IlitiOn OF nitric acIt i lFeci .l;l.c - uLs9o4N e
the sqrthV phosphGfrs g. =. rcfse-
II the Urine be alkaline to test-aper, and Coz
eIlr1rn Is formed on boiling. ana by the al Tito
0fnitric acid thc coaguiJsm is not dissolved, aibe
n the urine he alkaline and no coagIlum b
foIiud on boiling. ana prccfplrate Is throw
down by nitric acid, the production Is uric arid
TfIIc he present in a given eeimen of urine,
sgeuerlflv gives q more or less QtIilet yelloWisi
brown color To determine, pour few crops
the urine white plate, and then cstreIilily ai
u fev- drops or nitric acid !; the liquid become
-lccessfvpv raIc-grcen, violet, pink ana yellow
zinc color changing rapidly as the acid mixes 1T
tho urine II the deposit of urine upon coolln
IT,. a mere 1oculeIt. cIoudlike substance, eaSll
diiSt.sed again on agitation, not disappearing o
the addition nitric acid, it is chiefly made up
healthy muctIs, epitheliurn, or in woman an az
fixture Of leucorrhdal discharge. .
fthe deposit Is rOpy, and apparently Vlscl,
add drop of nitric acid if it wholly or paru
di-sOIvcs, it l. composed of phosphateS, X Dl
slightly affected, of mucus. III the deposit TAI
like a creamy layer, to the bottom OF the yesSe
fhe sg1peraatant urine coagJllabie by heat, 1t co
sists OF pus. =. 81.
The first disappears heating the urine, the Sc
ond on the addition of dilute nitric acid, viii
the third dissOlves in ammonia. ana the urn
generally evolves an OdOr OF sweet-br1er,
If the deposit be cOlOred it consists OF red pa
ticies of blood. uric acid. or ufate of anmoni
stained with purpurine If the iirSt, the urine
comes opaIxe by heat if the second, the depo
Is ia invisible crystals If the third, the deposit
amOrphous and dissoiycs on heating the 1iuld-
The apparatus and reagents required for a
Derficial examination of the urine are but few
In fact nearly all the necessary tests and expe
ruents can be conducted Ia a satisfactory mann
in a very short time. and with but few instrtlne
or reagents. All these different conditions OF
urine represent many different diseases
G. H. PLUMLEY, n. D.,
Main Street, Montpelier, vt.