New-York tribune., 1868-12-17
PHILOSOPHY or THE qEA-KETTLE
rnop. sLIIMAN's LECTURE LAST EvENiN0 d
FORE THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE

steinway Hall by Prof. slliman OF fae CoNes'' ON"e
DAILY introduced tue lecturer to the audience III 10" a"
propriate remarks ,.... - M little
aNaeucp i'm my own power, after such ha'ellhh N'V
s,,icn 40 your worthy President has gwen me hcrc' an"
,ht, so,ue of the ladies may have occasion 10 lut
az IN, exposition Of the prrucipies OF "hleoP"' -
means OF teakettle. My theme, as you VIII observe
introduced to you by very homey tue Dul uust DC
fore VIC are done With II, you will have an opportunity W
acc that II covers pretty wide scope OF human Bho"F
.ser and that there has grown out or lis suuy one
% tbe most signal OF all the great steps which has
mankind has made In the arts Of lis ana III al inc Pio
,ress of this progressive age Some OF you may h"No
seen beautiful little picture which was panied some
Ro wears AGO by an English artist, in which DeautW
hoy apparently l2 years OF age IS kneemg On
chair with lis finger on the I'D of tea kettle While his
ave IA obviously wholly ongrossed by the phenomenon
which are taking place before him, and his nina CON-
pletely so, and lie does not heed the presence
of stately lady, dressed In enc costume
ahundred years ago, who holding watch before won yo
have been herein this listess way, hOolus l f the
spout Of that tcakee and counting the dfo be % en
that has fallen from them Theh y yoT lad was James
gagged in useful occupation ihs & i Steam engine
Watt the distinguished discoverer OF m te bm what she
Applans' GgcR 1os ejdeseryed rebuke, little dd
understand the Thoughts hWVanS hWan Won must recol.
iect was puny child with PI{ s1a
which gave promise WlaIe' nt Va TitfIe did he
sap@oy& & arg N tbo.e studies Of the philosophy Of the
teaketc in which be Nry WAS IN his acorn tie eiabryo
" The grotst discovery Of modern times Iet 10 tCn
sner more @ ,rt Wn the 100 years which have elapsed
for You must remember mat JgIna3 iSGg, VII pC eA
acty century since the time OF the contract b9t"een
at and r B9i9R e of bras s2a0 aSd the otReg
lie capital and which resulted In the intro
duction Of the steam engines mo ReheeIal usV t.
IProf snlman here illustrated TINS maneh oI ms smuuvt
bv Showing the eject Of The Bunsen gas-burner III pro
dncne heat and yapor lie explained why 1t was neces
To he boiling roirt; that whore heat was so applied It
produced upward current through the Wnole ]N%tJ ]
g"' not mako It boil After remarks upon the
phenomenon OF heat While tue w&.err III b e sad
This vessel which ale heating mas now becOne Hleu
Atmospheric air while It is richer In oxygen than com
mon air The hrst phenomenon theetore ~ SEEM t tes
that has been boiled after The air has been expelled ana
before has time 10 RETURN 1t rs nat and upsat
atmosphere. Every individual carries q ton weight IN
nArly do not feel it Dut III wanAlhE On tne SUI,
face Of miry clay we feel IT, secause then tne upWar9
pressure the soes Of o feet removed The second
Condition we have consider then, IN the boiling IL me
boring IN the teaRete is that are boiling the wafer
SSg SSGf5 G not says aSays N 81 2y Connected T temper
atue. II the pressure OF the atLOsngdo - % tn, % f ~
beat Water 1900 here boiled in the tn ar pn9s
S1s d sscSDSs from he surface OF the fluid An egg
might he boiled hi day in water at 1892 WIN.
heat 'to'e to cook it, As thesO little bubble Iiso
IN the teaECttle, they strike colder sf8'Hn a 1a
b water and condensed the water falling 70 NJ me
Vacuum, producing the sound call the singing Of the
teakete The next stage OF our process o. % 0ong nm sn VII
Ter Of particles Of water OF the liquid state into vapor
place fProi s here illustrated the process Of disila
tonl The amount of heat passing in9 the water IN s
trcached 9l2'. AZ than poiot the thermometer would
fea'e 80 rsg rSS,diT TH az Before into the water
he surplus being employed in converting the water into
water In GLASS vessel to the boiling point, remove
the fire and cork it up IL continues 70 6ol; ana upon
Violently WHY Because the condensation Of the steam
femOveS the pressure and the water eoAs more ready
Anmfords Experiment. OF building not frc with tenn
gT1eT s1 the @ surface E1 e Of the water bcded as show
by condensation upon cold glass plate laid above III
e ton " " we er "a boil sEbstsnces which viii
&e injured by the temperature Of 2i2' we may readily
boil them at any temperature above 1909 by lemOy
ies s s BY Weight Of lee at $50 and boiling water al S2
Ihe ice melted By the water and the temperature OF
ssd @ g THIS was the latent heat vhoat Which the water
would remain lee Everyone mas notieed e. tat the melting
Tor whenever and wherever ice melted absorbs iu-
svtabY Of heat On the other hand, the vapOrza-
lion Of takes up great deaf Of heat, which Is
heftd laeni for steap itself at the pressure OF the
nsasaro tie heat thus besqins latent we shall md
that amounts to about &oo By adding constantly
tneess SGisI as long to convert a given quantity
% % @ ' This P5S ss% lean vS S S neis 10 nfs G
n sold red hot II we add 10 the pressure Of the
sSeSin bu, the amour, Of latent heat in Tie steam win be
less tie OF the latent and the sensible heat being
constant quantity, equal to lsO9 Fahrenheit The con
Of Into steam VIII expand into lTo9 times
its former bulk, ana tins eXerts p0digous amount OF
mechanical force which s utilized In the steam engine
Heat isnothing but mode OF mooni and tho steam en-
ne enables make that motion useful IN the form o
Seehanical power lie rlustrated the recpnyerson OF
motion into heat by rapidly turning brass tube contain
Ing etor aud eorked up and holding around II wooden
bher into vopor and blow tie cork from the tube Count
eemsford in tue latter part oi he last century, tried
The employment Of the Bohemian government OF Munich
be made those remarkable experiments which have sig
naized his name la this department OF kpoWledRe for he
Employed horsepower in the boring OF cannon held IN
vessel Of water at the ordinary Temperature,
Of force supplied. In about hours ana 90 minutes
be brought this large body OF water into state Of ebn
Nton, simply by the mechanical power applied III boring
he detsmned by these experiments that n order 70
raise poulm OF water through one aegee OF e dPanenhet
pound the hight OF 772 feet This what called the
heated water IA closed spherical vessel connected with
column Of mercury and thernl9metef When the pres
kigRt OF Ss inches corresponding TO q pressure a
ltfle more shan that OF the atmosphere, tho ther-
70 allow the steam 70 escape into vessel at fret pro-
duciDg rafting sound in consequeuee OF the con.
on tile ater TO fill the space thus left vacant but very
soon the water raised 10 the boiling point ana then
Soas lss ls Sss and % escaped Il s easy TO convey
beat IN the form OF steam and IL Is common 70
vessels Wfec i IS desired to boil water steam q the
most wonderful vehicle fos tEansRorng neat win when
boiler in the cellar giving us 1000 degrees OF heat tho
latent heat OF the steam becoming sensible as 1t
6s sdy 6st PP'' sufficiently S5h a''l
atmosphere Of tho room, furnishing one OF tho
ing either by hotwater by steam, the relative merits
of which not discussing, Is by far the most
an arfciS means Prof then exRbited toy steam
engine, rated s twomouse power llsuglter proceeded