The New York herald., 1868-05-30

Turkey and the Persian Gulf
OF communication with our armies In India by any
Is Of value TO Us. but the simplest transport Of
lest mode OF conveyance was q matter OF military
necessity under emergencies, and thus they were
present sa moment only one overland route and 1s
OF precarious Characteristic Egyptian 0ne-cOn-
sidered by some persons TO be essentially English,
and vet II ia one liable at any time to be Inter-
rupted by the efforts Of the viceroys Of Egypt to
accomplish independence or by the preponderance
is another roSte~the middle route-which has
only been partially explored, and never put in prac
Constantinople, Asia Minor, the Valley OF the Eu-
pirates, Bagdad, Buss0rah, and the Persian Gull,
ad s 5 %
promotion OF which many distinguished members OF
anls Institution had taken part, The time Is now fast
unuer'aAlng and thus accomplish great political
operations, which would not only strengthen our
selves aud Europe aud ut large from the danger
OF attack IL short and direct route to India and
with which only notifications OF itself can compete
The European Railway system reaching to Basash
on the Danube. is the first and existing portion.
The second is that lying between BasIasi and Con-
s,aniinople in Turkey in Europe. The concession
TOR this has been granted to combination
OF Be!gians, English and Hungarians under
There portions OF the line valuable oT local pur.
poses, for which the Ottoman Porte win obtain It's
resources, and the new political ambition Of Hun.
gary Will encourage the extension anc Development
OF its railway system to the East The tnrd portion
tart across Asia Minor to Aleppo, ana thence by
what has been called the Euphrates Valley Railway
to Bagdad ana BussOrah. The short concession from
the Ottoman government TO the Euphrates Valley
Railway Company having elapsed, this route forms
an integral part OF the new concession and not as
has been lately described IN some papers, separate
and distinct route. The third or Asialic portions may
be divided into two sections, the Northern ana Asia
Minor section, and the southern and Euplrate5 VAL
ley section. The fourth section Is now III activity Dy
the running OF steamers between Bag lad, Buss0rah
and Bombay. II Will ultimately be replaced by
line OF railway connecting Bussorah and Aurrachee
and Joining uhe European to the Indian systems
Thus there are two portions Of the IN activity
one in progress and the remainder the Scutari and
Bussorah Hallway only in embroyo, out without the
Of the entire route. With a railway a!ong The coast
at speed OF twenty-five miles per hour, the distance
from London to Kurrachee Will he ultimately accom-
pitsfed in et0ht days, TO Bona6V ten, ana 10 Calcutta
and Madras in ten eieUen davs. SO soon as the
railway is extended to Bussorah instead OF a weekly
nicat,on, and with a complete railway transit we
should obtain to ali India what have to most
present the course OF post to Bombay Is hfty-one
days; this viii be progressively reduced to twenty
aTe eays courses ase o % post aa ear nsesd
seven, and materially Increasing and improving
the communication OF departments, and OF course
rendering sti greater facilities in connection with
the telegraph. In ten days document could be OBJ
tanned from most parts OF India or written or
detailed order transmitted there on application BY
telegraph The second head for consideration is the
conveyance of officers, men and small stores. Foe
officers despatched In case Of emergency there would
be the same accelerations mails and case Of
need Oilicer could pass from London 10 lndia ID
eight or ten days in political point OF view .r Ans-
railway system to the East, accomplish an ardent de-
sire and obtain another channel for commercial de.
veopment as Well AS for the advancement Of thetr
eastern provinces. Austria lUouid thus be enabled
to take an effective part on the Lotcer Danube ana
the Sulian. The nature OF the nam line
is this:-From the Austrian junction It admits
the whole line at the back OF the Danube for the pro-
lection Of that frontier and In case OF need OF opera
ting on t1e south against SerVa w Inc LIropesnt t3 Me
COnstantnople or the reserves IN Asia for all pur.
poses Of defence. AT Constantinople contingents
from.the Western Powers can be landed and conveyed
into the interior Of European Turkey either for &C
tive purposes reserve or army OF observaton
In support OF Turkish or Austrian troops From tne
moment that the Basash or Belgrade and Constanti-
nope line is in operation the political situations OF
the Princpalities will be changed. Now not only the
Servian slaves the threatening power Of RUS
sia but the Rouman-speaking Wallachians are COM
on the spot able TO coerce or to protect Roumanis
Servia except Russia. An allied army Of English.
Esno zsrsa nca:, as "a rss ars 1s& s1se, ds an@
'''Is 1s European sa fo,oess Our resources would
the sea at several points. At constantlnopie
there is TO European and to Asiatic Turkey.
pes FOR Asia Minor or the Euphrates Valley route,
and at Bussoran we have the facility OF landing In
Out Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. il is this power
OF cooperation which would render active proceed
Tor the knowledge the forces
of England and France could be brought to bear on
regions hitherto inaccessible would after the whole
political relationships One result Of the new
her within the European system the railway network
Of which viii be continued to her borders reducing
them to five days reach OF London and Paris.
Within a comparatively short time Teheran WIN
be brought as near these capitals Constanti-
OF a letter IN i've or six days, but in the
case OF country like Persia II means everything
which can result from admission into the sphere Of
II luSv w 10
short trial railway, but bring her within week or
the capitalists Of London and Paris; and 1t becomes
possible for their trusted agents To examine, to
gotate, to receive instructions and authority, and
to act effectively. Thus capital Is made coutributary;
but what lis more than capital knowledge and INTEL
ligence In the application Of European processes to
native materials. To France new career OF COM
mercal and political ambition is opened more direct
In its advantages than the Suez canal, and one
which binds her more strongly TO her western ally.
IN the restoration ana rertrdi 70 potb'cdt polcr V
Turkey ana or Persia she must share, and she thus
obtains opportunity iy asserting ne, position as
great Potoer Dhers Prussia cannot riUdt her, for
In Turkey and In Persia Prnssa cannot as yet directly
act The SueZ canal, interesting AZ that project 10
70 France, cannot materially Affect Persia, and
1t Is only by the middle route that France touch
this newly awakenedpcountry. ny the north, by the
Russian railways, che cannot, and all that Russia
does ls threatening TO the political and commercial
tions we see greater reasons for the maintenance
and cementing Of the Western alliance. aud thereby
stronger pledge OF the preservation OF peace: but
the greatest security is BY attaining the means OF
placing the forces Of the allied Powers 70 pro-
eCb tuOse COuntTie5 cApOscu W httaCk O0uer
such circumstances for Russia to bully Turkey or
Persia would no longer be u safe proceeding, and
che will have to concentrate her attention Central
Asia. Al the present moment the whole available
force on 1900 miles OF exposed country s 900 900
men Of weak troops TO encounter the whole dis
posable power OF Russia, assisted by naval op-
erations on the Black and Caspian Seas
and having railway communication with the
reserves the rear. Under the combinations here de-
scrbed The Uhote conditions may be changed tv
uroctng t'ito the exposed countries 100000 English
and native troops. loo 900 French and 200 900 Aus
trtans Roumania and Serva being neutralized and
the Greeks being compelled to desist from aiding the
Russians or embarrassing the allies, the nees Of Eng
land and France would convey to their own troops,
and the contingento acting with them the resources
OF their arsenals and the improved appliances OF
modern warfare. In its results the undertaking
would be truly international, a viii mora ciosey
therefore 1t is desirable that In It's beginning the