The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1868-02-04

which OF ecsrys retained such sovereignty until chose
,,lus ~, I'm The former He read from vaasl 70
OF opinion that civil breaks all The bonds Of govern
o %eSt ,DL leaves the parties 70 !. IN the sans
nsievs He then commented upon the doctrine
o. o. once . State always . State" claiming
you'd leave security against future rebellion except
'onde ration Oh The part OF the vanqushed The only
right rebels had was had been justly said clemency
The rights Of the yctors wero 70 establish peace aud
Justice and secure The future safety by this crerea
could not furnish an instance OF snch clemency as was
displayed In them aud referred 70 the conduct other
p: 'ss sv a a
strnotion laws HAD been characterized az oppressive
Sessuss enforced by military power, Tue victorious
Tho military force was but handful not tenth part
10 each State Of tho number Of consiables there before
the war; and they we're kept there the
ton Of the laws, which were nabiiuaiiy vio-
lated These Reconstruction laws had been
condemned a. unconstitutional, tho ground
that they had DISTINGUISHED from ty TO three cd
thousand He denied thai they disiranchised any
body The rebels had simply abdioated all their righs
ana Congress had entrancnsed FIVE hundred thousand
white men we'll the blacks Was there injustice In
thatf He mpored Senators pay heed 70 the lessons
OF history, and how arstocraces treated their
oe'ous subjecs Referring to negro enfranchisement
he said looked at a man he looked upon him
as human being, clothed with all the rights such
Tia wound not retor the charge Of Senators that the
republican party were merely trying TO further party
interests. The Senator from Indiana tMr. Moronl had
sufficiently demonstrated the iaiacy OF the establish
quoted Governor Brown against IL also II Mr. hen.
bricks had learned nothing from the logic OF events
aaSns from aDS'A gentleman rssug to as
| claim that the negroes were not qualified for
suffrage. that bad been demonstrated during the de-
bate mat justice could not be established without that
suffrage, and he claimed That the nation was unsafe
without IT, The cause OF war was not that black mon
we're slaves but because that system led inevitably TO
the establishment Of an oiigarchy, capable by unity Of
interest OF exercising great power the government.
est and had Dnaiy nearly struck down the democratic
life OF the nation foroidding the people to come here
even oy petition on particular subject IL had been
| inevitable that II should into collision with the
democracy OF the North, and when tuat power had
| oyerhrown u on hundred battle fields the Ssaalor
| from Wisconsin, by hrs own amendment, sought to
rsestabish thai ohgarchy. Changing the basis Of an
Institution did not change its character and that amend
| ment would replace the power in their hands. He
heard that me democratic party we're willing 70 form
country could not consent TO the overthrow the great
interests OF labor II would adhere 10 democracy-not
best expression in the Declaration OF independence.
| The national safety in the future demanded homo
geneous citizenship. He asserted that people had
ever made SO much progress in educating themselves
bad the negroes since The war despite the burning or
their schooho by his democratic friends and argued
that they had proved themselves fitted Tor enrapchise
ment II these things 20, why could there
| peaceY Why did the Senator from Wisconsin ar
pootte) endeayor TO restore the olgarchy which had
created the war; Why did the Senator from Mary land
lhr Johnsonl charse that the country in danger
from The measures VI Congress- when he had voted Tor
the reconstrucon policy IN order peace he
| sad TO his distracted country
| MT JoHNsoN (dem OF Nd, said in voting then he
had been convinced that that better cacu-
lated than others likely be introduced TO and the
gress the country aud bring peace the SOUTH and
tina. would be lnai the subject; hut he
| had always believed, and stated when he gave the
vote in question that that measure was not consistent
win the constitution OF The United states He though.
no Senator had right 10 stand up his
tons Of constitutional duty when sucn a course would
result IN sill greater injury 30 the country. He still
entertained those feelings desiring that the cJuntr
should be restored TO It's healthfu and peaceful
condition: aud there nothing he would now,
then, 10 bring about that result Wne he regretted
that the senator should think there was any ucousst
In nj ID nUt his IA cLtnn
belief he denied that the country at peace those
voted De maj had been mistaken Finding
AZ they supposed, that the south would not
accept H. they had considered sssary adupl
olher measures in his opinion, more Objectionable aud
" possible, more absolutely conflict with the
sttuton than tho Tor winch he had voted but not
"lhs'anding toat he could be morally convinced that
Al these measures adopted The south in
snort time restored 10 tho condition ia which
before The war commenced that they would terminate
what he believed 10 be, however honest persecution
on the par OF congress towards the souti he would
vote Tor these measures but he could not feel thai
sach would be Tue
Mr.. FsRaY conuDued saying that the Senator had
voted for tnc original easurc, yielding his own conyc
lions for the OF has suffering country, aud now
when nothing new bad been opted ~nen all tnat had
been done since Was merely explanatory IA its Guar.
acter, thai Senator had arrs ed himself with The
mes OF the syslom Of reconstruction. He reminded tue
senator that TIE measures 10 which he had Alluded aud
for winch Congress aud the republican parry had been
condemned we're ~ ,st proposed and hnd moi been
adopted aud so long they not adopced II was
unwise 10 condemn party OF Congress Tor tuein Dad
the senator expect the -olth 70 be restored IN day
"a month, nonthsy The machinery
guae time 10 BRING back these into
Of their full rights, anu the ork had well
Why, then, add 10 tue popular calnory Was Congress
not The moathpiece OF tue sovereignty Their sue
cessors would carry out the viii OF the people II It
changed. The Senator SAID Bring BACK me south"
he would say to Maryland and Kentucky and 0lner
states Come aud help US" Tney would then establish
tue nation on a strong bssis Tue south coming
back clothed the garments OF freedom and SHIPS
OF the North wouidgo down tusre, the OF
war but OF pssce. he closed by hopeful picture Of
toe iuture, when, he sad, the voice OF the people
Mr. STEWART, rep.l OF Nevada, then obtained the
noor He quoted letter from the President Gov
ernor Sharkey, OF the 18th Of August, 1865 the me
tue Mississippi Convention was called,
tnat Jay the president ard hs present supporters cosd
cred there danger - be guardeu agan. What
danger was ~ Was II no. even at thai early day, u
suggestion inal reDei rule endangered ste cart
then proceeded 10 argue the identity OF feeling
tment OF peace democrats and seuessonasts He cited
opinion OF Chief Justice Marshall thai
was authority under the constitution to coerce the 70
Boiling SAFES aud said that TO. the democratic parry
and the rebels OF the South had denied any
NY and constantly appealed 10 the constitution oppo
sl'on 70 an wa measures nc claimed that no one mad
ever questioned the assertion that civ governments did
not eAist IA the southern states at the end the rebel
Hon. and SAID such governments could ony be
organized by The people under the supervision OF Con-
gress. Missouri ana Nebraska admitted under
enabling acts prescribing certain conditions and Con-
gess had not tnen usurped power nor had II IN passing
The RECONSTRUCTION acts, which also imposed
conditions He said OF the Secretary OF state
20 the Provisional Governors ia 1865 JustIIiabe
considered as advisory only but the attempt OF the
President TO MAINTAIN the state governments afterwards
set up was in defiance OF law and OF the ~ill Of
people. He denied that the President supporters
could Iruly the fecDg Of The country changed
and claimed that The recent Congressional election Ia
Quo showed undminshed adherence to the policy OF
The republican party. The democratic party wished
count the negro IN apporlioDng representation. but
refused 10 give him suffrage, which, lac SAID, 10
consider him brute three hundred ana siyty -four
days III tho year but 10 ret MIN upon his
cgs aud make him When tho census
tsksr around. He claimed that The dslnocr ac
party and the rebels opposed the constitutional amend
msnt because they wished 4" deny the civil rights
and repudsie the mali ons anu tne rebel debt aud
uor afprs0
outages to go unpunlshed. To show the Constitution
ally Of sbe legislation Of Congress he read from
ths Federated In relation 10 tue Clause guaranteeing y
republican form Of government. lie said the const
iutiona amendment vas part Of tue constitution and
were consequently citzens who therefore
entted 10 suffrage such and quoted again from
Fs>r0iiu the opinion that the Acknowledgement OF
large class OF ctssns co~rary TO republican form
OF government OF thai qistion Congress alone could
lncga 10 would be sbsAfd 10 say that the rule Of the