The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1868-01-04
EUROPEAN CoRREsPoNDFNcE-No. 6.
PARIS, Sept. 27th, 1867.
The Universal Exposition.

Hbaitt nv ihAidt IiptAAAhES III CAoN NtNAi ART
wheel tires, railroad ax~le-trees, iron bars, thin sheet
iron, and iron tubes and piping, tools of every des-
cription, sufficient to supply the stock of w. y. Ladd
on Fort street for many years. One must notice
also in passing the silver bearing lead, raw and
wrought zinc, rough and manufactured copper, sheet,
tin, and lead pipe, church clocks and chimes, and
objects of art, %coppered or bronzed by galvanoplasty.
7 Besides this, there is exhibited a rich collection of
minerals, of salts, salt petrcs, gypsum, marbles,
states, pottery, clay, sands, &C., all from French
Africa. After leaving the great stock of hardware
which France has exhibited, we pass on to articles
which must possess much interest to the chemist.
Although France has shown great skill in the work.
ing up OF iron, one of the most important industries
of any country, she has undoubtedly been surpassed
in this industry by other nations. We find in this
group 4 SMALL exhibition Of manures, and fish oils.
France is nearly n stranger to this industry, there
being but one exhibitor of cod liver-Oil and manures.
In this class are arranged oils from every source, in
which samples France excels. Tobacco and cigars
find n large space in this group.
Chemistry is ut the present time one of the sciences
making the greatest progress, and it would be inter
esting to follow the chemist in his practical and in
dustrial manifestations at the exhibition, but other
exhibitions demand our attention. There is n large
exhibition of chemicals from which colors are de-
rived. Colors derived from aniline are to-day con-
s;dered the most important, for they conport with
nearly every tint. France, Switzerland, and Ger
many, have above all the speciality of aniline colors.
Mineral colors, acids and alkalis, and vegetable
alkaloids occupy n large space in the exposition.
In the manufacture of soap France undoubtedly
excels, and the Marseilles soaps enjoy a world wide
reputation. The manufacture of candles, samples of
which are here exhibited, is an industry in which all
the nations of Europe seem to excel; in this article
England and Austria are evidently ahead of France.
Samples of yarnish and glue take up considerable
space. In this gallery are also. arranged the leather
and skins which France can show. The French
feathers are noted, those from BOrleau possessing
the most favor in Paris. The process of tanning is
what gives them their superiority over American
feathers. la this France and Belgium surpass al
other countries.
We shall notice in passing through this gallery a
stock of medicines, sufficient to set up several apoth-
ccary shops; any number OF large and small sponges,
a large variety of shells, animal skins, and furs,
probably made up, but not obtained in France, beau
tiful specimens of wax work, honey, cOrks, agricul-
tural products, such rs grains, and a very extensive
display Of woods from the forests. We shall now
leave this gallery and pass into gallery VI. This is
n gallery devoted TO
Labor and Machinery.
1t is n large wide gallery about eighty feet in height,
and surrounds tie entire Palace like the wall of an
amphithea,re. The whole exposition building is of
iron, and it is this outside high gallery which gives
use :, the name the English apply in derision to the
Exposition Palace when they call it a huge ~gasometer.
1 believe, however, that the English claim that the
French architect modelled his plan of the building
after one first drawn up by an Englishman. How
ever that may be, it seems TO DE one admirably
adapted to the purposes of a great international ex-
hibition. The large gallery into which we have now
come is alive with busy industry, and resounds with
the hum and hustle of machinery in motion.
High above this vast collection of every kind of
machinery, rises a huge organ, which is almost con-
stantly played, giving out its melodious music as an
anthem of hosanna over the triumphs of human labor.
France has sent to this department of the exhibit
bition u great number of labor saving machines, car
riages almost without number, and of every kind,
railroad locomotives, and cars, plans of depots, models
of swimming schools, models of war ships, printing
presses, diving machines, iron safes, telegraph in
struments, etc. Before noticing any objects in this
department which might interest the visitor, L must
trouble you with a few statistics.
The mechanical service required by all the coun-
tries represented ut the exhibition is effected by fifteen
stcam-boilcrs, placed around the building, at a dis
lance of 10 feet from the Palace, and these are sur
mounted by IA chimney so feet high. The fifteen
generators distribute tnelr lorCe Ill the IoLhoNlhS
manner.
France requires for its service n total force of 305
horses, the Northern and Southern States of Germany
have boilers equal To 30 horse power, Switzerland a
II horse power, United States a 30 horse power, and
England II 100 horse power, the whole equal 10 ODD
horse power. To this must be added the steam power
required for ventilation, and the hydraulic service of
the Palace, AMI the annexes in the Park, and the
whole would then amount to about 1000 horse power.
France. Belgium, Northern Germany and England
furnish their own motive power. while the prupelling
power for Southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland
and the United States is supplied by France. The
hydraulic service is charged 10 supply daily 10000
cubical feet of water for watering, steam, washing,
cascades, and streams. This enormous quantity of
water is supplied one-half by a reservoir, placed on
an elevation 100 feet from the Palace; and the other
half by II powerful machine of 1000 horse power ON
the bank of the Seine. The artificial ventilation of
the Palace is accomplished by means of patent plow-
ing machines, requiring for their action 100 horse
power. They are capable of giving hourly 100000
cubicnl feet Of air, so as 10 be able in the space of
two hours to entirely renew the atmosphere of the
Palace.
If we commence our explorations into the 9th gall
lery of the French section ut about the hour Of noon,
we shall find all the machinery in motion, and oper-
ators at their work. We see ON one side of us instru-
ments that comb. card, spin, stretch, twist cotton,
WOODEN, or silk thread, and all the loom weaving
stufrs of every kind in full operation. Here they are
milking felt hats. and the work is watched 10y n great
many; there they are making .jewelry, and ~disposing
Of the sleeve buttons aad pins AT n cheep price, TO
those who will buy them as much for their value as a
souvenir of the exposition. as for any service they
may do them; here the operation Of shoe making by
machinery is going on, and there presses are at work
printing enormous pictures of the Emperor and En-