New-York tribune., 1868-08-05
SCIENCE.

Nr,,,,, p,c,,,ss poR MAKING STEEL.-An inven-
ton explained at recent % pSng pie iron to
nowder NV very Tapidlyrevolvlng cntteT' l.o mi
heat generated sets & SS o pan IN ereddsh brown dust,
whch h gathered, placed In cruclDe' auu aots of
WhSn cooled this melted dust is found 20 be ngGS All
Very GOOD steel 1t is claimed that the earo % net Of
burned out, which is probably trne put m other words
reduced the iron again TO ore II the S lar more
so as produce good steel s IT must tSnary mode of
pensve than that Of Bessemer. or the
making steel from wrought IRON Do,,ps INTO
3 TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC no College of
HYDRO CARBoNs-Prof. Berthel96 elcess IS by which hydro
GEN nav he substituted for all other The reagent
combination with carbon in soon Of hydrodic acid Of
sUsity The Guantity OF acid empiOSt, s"bstance TO
cess s greater 10 8eeen in hydrogen Both are heated %
An sealed tube 527o Fair Ior zen crrnc the y-
SnanHeSn a. the acld 10 the carbon and forming of
Generally homOlOgous wlth in3rsh s5 s15 aromatic car
etbv AlcOhOls, ethers, aldehydes, aeIuS %des when
6nrCts alkaloids, complex nitrogeinzea g, noWer
heated broken up by the superior rOtons dspaces
fhe strongest electromagnetic elements.
New DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURiSG oto1oni Gam
PHURC ACID.-The apparatus, invented ny and M forming
Consists Of furnace for burning sulphur anu ~. o -.
suiphurous acid washer or scrub6er; ED The
reactng vessel aud regenerStomr m lS Srrnr sulphur and
forced out Of the furnace by - fned from vol
nishes oxygen, enters the scruDDeI au when arsen.
atized sulphur and especially asehlous nu" ftnr nass
Zeal pvrites Is used the source OF sulphur. ySee
ing through the refrigerator II enters ,T nitric acid
f lnn ~
and fhe upper pumice-stOne resting on plates VI . G
sinuinium pierced with holes The gas passes & ~
the nitric acid and after receiving announcer az ~
axgen il snks i'm the form Of suphurc acld 70 Ile o
,o,, while the hypOntric escapes through the puliuo
stone and trayersng the upper part OF the appaHus
enters the regeneraOT, where, meeting WIN an cACe cA W
oIvgen n is Transformed into nitric acid ana reau 10
he nsed again in OXidiZing sulphurOus aclu me col %
erative economy Of this process we are unaDe 70 gVe
6ut any plan for cheapenng the production OF me Us
important mineral aCd VIII excite bIed1 InV0l0o' 'e
manufacturing chemists.
CHEMICAL CHANGES.-Mr. A: Vernon liar, Har-
court of London closes paper " on the rate az Wnvh
Chemical actions take place. with the following pl0p9
stons which embOdy the principal CONCLUSIONS 10 WnCI
an examination Of the cited OF gradual Chelhea
change has led l. The rate at which chemcn chaIge
proceeds is constant under constant conditions ana is IN
dependent of the time that has elapsed since the chane
Cemmenced. 2 When any substance Is undergoing q
chemical change Of which condition varies, excepting
the diminuOn the changing substance the amount oI
change occurring at any moment is directly pTOpOruona
TO the quantity of the substance. ., When two
or more substances act one upon another the
amount of action at any moment IS directly pro
pOrtOned TO the quantity OF each OF the substances
4 When the rate Of any chemical change IS anected Dy
the presence Of a substance which itself takes no part IN
The change the aeceleratOn reardau0n prOduceu Is
directly proportional TO the quantity OF the substance
g. The relation between the rate OF chemical chage
occurring in solution and the temperature OF the sOu
tOn is such that every additional degree the number
expressing the rate is to be multiplied by constant
quantity.