davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15

Emporia Advertisements.
REVOLUTION IN EMPORIA !!
HYGIENE MEDICATION
DRUG MEDICATION.
The Old World Still Moves !!
HYGIENIC MEDICATION
DRUG MEDICATION
The Old World Still Moves !
IN OPEN FIELD, IND FAIR
FIGHT.

FOR CENTURIES THIS CRAZY OLD
world has been hunting specific Panacea for
all their woes, pains, aches and diseases, in-
duced by the violation of immutable physio-
logical laws. They have searched the uni
verse, and accumulated the poisOns from the
Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral Kingdoms
"The dregs and skem OF earth and sea-
swallowed them with superstitious faith as
remedies for all their ills, but still they sick
eli, suffer, and die, prematurely But one i'll
q thousand live out half their days. Medical
colleges hatch out, and send forth tender
brood OF sheep-skin gentry, called doctors
full of learned lingo and technical gibberish,
to dose and drug, bleed and blister, pow-wow
and speculate, but still diseases multiply and
increase in proportion to the amount of drugs
swallowed and doctors employed.
Says DR.. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia,
after forty years of experience in the drug
practice: eve have done but little more than
multiply diseases and increase their fatality
Says. DR. John Mason Good, of London, "The
effects of medicines are wholly uncertain, cX-
cept, indeed, that they have destroyed more
lives than war, rcstilcnce, and famine, COM
bined."
Thus for centuries the doctors have piped
and the people have danced, until they have
become depleted in vitality, and the Doctors
plethoric in purse. This ''unbalanced circu-
lation'' is abnormal
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
NOTICE


A AIBROSE MERRILL, a nonresident of the
N State of Kansas, and whose residence is
unknown, will take notice that David Taylor,
OF the county of Franklin, and State of Ohio,
did, OH the 18th day of May, A. ID. 1868, file his
petition in the District Court, within and for
the county of Lyon and State of Kansas,
against the said Ambrose Merrill, defendant,
setting forth that the said David Taylor. plain
tin, is the owner in fee simple OF the follow
ing described lands, situated in Lyon county.
State of Kansas, to-wit: The east half Of sec
ton %, and the west half of section "A, town.
ship 20 and range IL, and is entitled to the pos
session of the same, and that the said Ambrose
Merrill, defendant, has unlawfully kept the
said David Taylor, plaintiff, out of the posses
sion of said lands, ever since the 18th day Of
April, 1865, and praying judgement against
the said Ambrose Merrill, defendant, for the
recovery of the possession of the said describ-
ed lands, and for costs OF suit. And the said
Ambrose Merrill, is notified that he Is requir-
ed to appear and answer said petition, on or
before the 9th day of July, A. ID. 1885, or the
same will be taken rs true and judgment rem
dered accordingly.
RUGGLES & PLUMB,
Attorneys for David Taylor.
Dated Sth May, n. ID. 1S0S. 1924
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
L PROPOSE REVOLUTION.

Let the people pipe and the doctors dance.
tar of their so-called medical science, while
the people offered incense and sacrifice, but
were not healed. They "gre,o no better, BAT
rather grelc ,corSe." Here is need for revolu-
ed in their sins, and not from their sins. Hence
their faith in hooking priests and deceptive
drugs They have not yet learned that ''ceasC
to do evil and learn to do welp' means; cease
the laws of your being as implanted by an in
;tclligcnt Creator. They have yet to learn
that obedience to physiological law will in
sure health and happiness, and that disobedi
death. Blind leaders have misled' them, anC
all have fallen into the ditch.
The Reform PHYSICIANS propose Revolution
and Revolution means war. All we ask is al
open field and fair fight.
If in two thousand years of practice, we
blight, mar, scarify and slaughter as many a.
they have; if we wreck and ruin as many con
situations, shatter as many nerves, rot out a,
many teeth, ulcerate as many livers, corrod,
rs many stomachs, blister as many skins, blast
as many hopes, and blunder as much general
ly, we will surrender the field and retreat into
dishonored oblivion with Andy Johnson & CO
Inow offer the citizens of Emporia and sur
rounding country
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
Charter.
Read What the Press Say of the
Charter.

We have given the Charter a full and fair
trial and pronounce it the ne plus ultra of
stoves. and all that can be desired in its line.
1t is unsurpassed as ready. quick and even
baker. We can cheerfuily recommend 1t as the
stove for the farmers and for general house
keeping-Stdte Journal.
One Of our oldest settlers, moving 30 Arkan<
sas. via st. Louis, took bis stove the celebrated
Charter. with him for fear he could not obtain
another one like it.-Lascre1lce Tribune.
1t is very even baker, takes but little fuei,.
and Is very durable.-Os Usage CArontcse.
have good points. we have seen no stove that
has so many excellent points IS the Charter.
made by Chamberlain, Of CinctTinati-1Qpek.
Record.
We find more good points in the ChaEeer than
any other stove. while IL costs no more than
ethess.-Ceaacit Gr0ce Pres.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
SHERIFFS SALE


CTATE of Kansas, Morris County. So.
- W. a. McCullum VS.. Samuel Wood and
Margaret l.. Wood. Case No 81.
By virtue of an execution to me directed and
delivered. issued out of the Fifth District
Court of the State of Kansas. sitting in and
Saturday, June 9Th, A. D. 1868.
between the hours of one o'clock, p. IN. and
four p. M. of the same day, at the Court House
door In Council Grove, Morris county, Kansas,
offer for sale TO the highest bidder. for cash in
hand, said defendants interest in the following
described property. viz:
Northeast y of the northeast "a section TWEEN
ty-two. township sixteen. range eight Also
the northwest = of the northwest quarter of
section twenty-three, township sixteen range
eight. Also lots No. L, =, 3, 4. D. g. and
block 81; lots No. l. ,, 8. 4. ), 6, Z and &. block
-. in the town of Council Grove. Kansas.
Said property levied and TO be sold rs the
property of the above named defendants.
W. ID. KAIIL. Sheriff
by \. J. NORRIS. Under sheriff.
ShcrifHs Office, Council Groye. Kansas.
May End. 1863. I923
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
u. s. Taxes.

TIME Assessment List of Income Tax for
Il 1867 and of Special Tax for 1868 has been
transmitted to me by the U. s Assessor for
this District and will be due and payable on
or before May 3lst, A. ID. 1868. To all names
unsolicited on the 3lst day of May a fee of
twenty cents will be added for Demand No
tice; and to all names unsolicited on the 10th
day Of June, penalty OF five per cent. in ad-
dition thereto. Payment may be made to o.
May 10th. THOS. MOONLIGHT,
1921 U. s. Collector, District of Kansas
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15

Also agents for the sale of Jayne's, Ayers
and Wakefield's medicines.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
a N Z w
WE'LL TRIED SYSTEM.

That knows no failure, when properly applied,
unleSs rital,ty is nearly exhausted, and there
is permanent engagement or obstruction 81
internal organs.
only ask fair trial side by side OF the old
system, and if fail as signally as they have
reject me and my system.
Cases from distance solicited.
All forms of acute and chronic diseases treat
cd on strictly Hygienic principles. In accute
disease, no charge made if lose the patient
Patients visited in any part of the State.
Send stamp for circular containing full in
formation.
Address THOS. W. ORGAN,
Box III, EmpOria, Kansas.
Ofice, west side Commercial street. north
ofthe square.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15

YTNHE subscriber will sell at auction, as above.
1 to the highest bidder. in the city of Law
renee, about 10000 acres of land, principally
situated i'll Usage county, Kansas.
These lands are part of the celebrated Sac &
| Fox Reservation, abound III choice selections
of timber, are generally well watered, and en-
brace some of the finest quarries of stone, and
most extensive deposits Of coal in the entire
State.
| The Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Divis-
| ion is in close proximity on the North, the
| Leavenworth, Lawrence Il Galveston Railway
| on the east, (both built and in Operotion,)
while the NeOsho Valley Railway on the west,
and the Atchison, Topeka IL Santa Fe Railway
running directly through these Lands, are un-
der contract, and now being built.
Title perfect, by patent, direct from the Uni
ted States
| Terms of sale-One quarter cash down, bal
ancc in three equal payments, with annual i'll
terest with bond for deed; or, lat option OF
purchaser one third cash, balance in two
equal payments, secured by bond and mort
gage. All revenue stamps ut cost of purchas-
er. Descriptive lists and maps can be had OH
application to the undersigned (ownerl Mt At
tica, New York. r. 5. STEVENS.
Descriptive lists and maps can also be OBJ
tained on application to the following persons
\. Il. Ravens. Esq. Real Estate Agent, Leav-
enworth, Kansas. Chas. Chadwick. ESD, At
Mitchell, Esq. Real Estate Agent. Lawrence
Kansas. NJ. G.. Farnham, Esq, Merchant, To-
peka, Kansas, p. p. Elder & CO., Bankers, OF
tawa, Kansas. VIM. Crowell, ESD, Merchant
Paola, Kansas. o. Ii. sheldon, ESQ, Real Es-
tate Agent, Burlingame, Kansas. James
Rogers, Esq. Real Estate Agent, Burlingame.
Kansas. y. b. Plumb, ESD, EmpOria, Kansas
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
1890 Acres of Land
FOR SALE.

DY authority of the Board OF Directors of
ID the State Normal School. the undersigned
offer for sale the lands belonging to said insti-
tuition as an endowment. These lands were
among the first selected in the State, and there
fore among the best. Several sections are sit
uated along the line of the Union Pacific r. r.,
E. ID. All these Lands are Of superior quality.
embracing large amount of first class bottom
land and timber. well watered, with an album
dance Of fine building stone, affording desirable
situations for settlers.
The above lands will he sold in whole or in
part upon liberal terms. Parties desiring to
purchase any all of these lands for further
information can address G.. G. Morse Secretary
Normal School Board, Emporia. Kansas.
G. V. ESKRIDGE,
G.. G.. MORSE.
JAMES ROGERS.
Executive Committee.
Emporia, Kansas, Nov. Il, 1861.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15

LEIs' POWDER is an excellent remedy for
Hogs. The farmer will rejoice to know that Il
prompt and efficient remedy for the various
diseases to which these animals are subject, is
found in LEIs' CONDITION POWDER. For Dis
temper, inflammation of the Brain, Coughs, Fee
verS, Sore Lungs, Measles, Sore Ears. Munge.
Hog Cholera, Sore Teats. Kidney Worms, &C.
a fifty-cent paper added to tub of swill and
given freely. is a certain preventive. 1t pro-
NOTES digestion, purfies the blood, and is there
fore the BEST ARTICLE for fattening Hogs.
y. B.-BEWARE OF COUNTERFEITERS
To prevent myself and the public from being
imposed upon by worthless limitations, observe
the signature of the proprietor upon each pack
age, without which none are genuine.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15

We also have large stock of Hay knives,
GrindStones, and Hangings, Picks, BIatt0X
Hoes. Shoyels, Spades, and many other articles
belonging to cur trade too tedious to mention.
We buy in large quantities direct of the manu-
facturers, thereby saving The jobber's commits
sion. and ship in large quantities, thereby Sc
curing lower rates Of freight; consequently can
afford to sell lower, and do a more legitimate
busines than any house in Southwestern Kan
sas. Thankful to our friends for the large and
liberal patronage we have received heretofore
we hope by close application to business and
low prices, to merit the continuance Of the
same. Truly,
FRAKER & PEYTON.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
FARM FOR SALE.

EHIVE miles west Of Cottonwood Falls, con-
tanning 100 acres, Is Of which are cultiva-
ton. Good house and out buildings; well wa
tered and timbered; good spring close to the
house. Price, So per acre.
17-39 JOHN DEAN,
Cottonwood Falls, Kansas
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15

Cows require an abundance of nutritious
food, not to make them fat, but to keep up a
regular secretion of milk. Farmers and dairy
LEIs' CONDITION POWDER the flow of milk is
greatly increased, and quality vastly imnroy-
ed. All gross humOrs and impurities of the
blood are at once removed. For Sore TeatS.
apply LEIS' CHEMICAL. HEALING SAI.VE-wiII
heal in one application. Your CALVES also re-
quire an Alternative aperient and stimulant.
Using this Powder will eXpel all grub worms,
with which young stock are infested in the
pring of the year; promotes fattening, pre-
vents securing, &c.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1868-05-15
NEOSHO VALLEY
qri- Weekly Passenger and Express Line
FROM wANEGO TO FORT SCOTT.

FTNIIIS route commences at Wamego, 30 miles
4 above Topeka on the Union Pacific Rail-
road. T.. d., and runs down the Neosho Valley
via Council Grove. Americas, Emporia Forest
Hill, Neosho Rapids, Hartford, Ottumwa, Bur-
lingtOn, Leroy, Neosho Falls, Humboldt. Tur-
key Creek and Marmiton to Fort Scott
Hacks leave EmpOria for Fort Scott. Tues
days, Thursdays and Saturdays. at y O'clock
IN. Leave Emporia going to Wamego Mon-
days, Wednesdays and Fridays at IL m.
People wishing TO travel through the NeOsho
Valley viii no longer be under the necessity Of
having private conVeyances, as they can reach
any or all of the above points by this line.
Connects at Council Groyewith a tri-weekIy
line of stages for Topeka, and at Emporia. Bur-
lingtOn and Humboldt with daily lines for
Topeka, Lawrence. Leavenworth. Ka.isas City,
Pleasant Hill and other points North and East.
EXPRESS LINE.
We have established an express line over
the above route. and will at all times be pre-
pared to carry packages from Wamego to Fort
scott. or between any Of the intermediate
points. at reasonable rates.
Leave Wamego Tuesdays, Thursdays and
Saturdays ut O'clock a. m. Leave For Scott
Mondays. Wednesdays and Fridays at a. m
NEOSIiO VALLEY STAGE co.
i. G.. HILL, of Ameaicus.
General Superintendent.
c. V. ESKRIDGE, Agent at Emporia.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Commissioners Sale
OF
able Farm !,
SATURDAY., July 18th, 1865.

FRONT DOOR OF COURT HOUSE.
Pratt & Fox, In Channoery in fo the
Va. Circuit Court eI OhiO
Sherrard Clemens, ct al. County, West Va.
nURSUANT TO THE DECREE MADE
in the above cause on the sd day of May,
Is6s. | will on SATURDAY, THE 18th DAY
OF JULY, 1868, commencing at 10 o'clock A. NJ,
ss Special Commissioner appointed by order Of
Cont sell at public auction at the front door
of the Court House of Ohio county, the certain
tract of land in said decree mentioned and de-
-.ribed as follows "All that parcel OF land
situate ON Big Wheeling Greek, in Ohio county,
beginning at q sugar ard walnut on William
Buchanans line, and with said line n. 80 deg.
E. 40 poles to q W. oak on the banks of Wheel.
ing Creek, thence down said creek with its
uranders and binding thereon 226A poles to two
sycamorea the corner In the line separating
The land Of James Renford, thence with said
RenfOrd's line :. o. w. 32S poles to stone in
The corner of said RenfOrds line, thence 5. II
drE +. II psles TO the place Of beginning, con.
tanning one hundred and twenty-six acres Of
and being the same tract Of land which was
convened 10 the said Sherrard Clemens by An.
drew White administrator of Daniel Steenroa
deceased, by deed dated the 18th day of October,
l,C4 ana recorded in the Recorders office OF
Ohio county in Deed Book No. Is, folio 1912.
Trims or SALE-"One.fourtho of the purchase
pnce in CASH on the day of sale, and the re-
uainder thereof in lhree equal instruments,
pIyable respectively in six, twelve and eighteen
months, with interest from day of sale; the title
10 lee reserved until the purchase price is fully
paid ). BRADY,
iunl2td Special Commissioner.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Gravel Roofs.

Gravel Roofs.
Mr.. George Crumbacker, of this city,
is fully prepared to put on gravel roofs
in the most improved method, and war
rants his work to give satisfaction
either ir resisting fire or turning
water. The tar used is put through
a process that frees it from oil
and benzole, and no matteHhew great
the heat, it will not run. 1t is equal
ly efficient in roofs eff every con-
ceivable pitch, Mr.. Cruhbacker keeps
on hand roofing cement and cement for
tanks and sidewalks of the best quality,
and for sale at the lowest rates This
has stood test of fifteen years in Pitts
burgh, and is the cheapest in use. Call
at the Factory, head of Lindsey street,
East Wheeling, or address him through
the Wheeling Post Office.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
washington Hall.

washington Hall.
The commencement exercises OF the
Wheeling Female College came OF ut
the Washington Hall last night. The
Hall was filed with an attentive audi
ence, and everything passed off smooth
". The Primary class acquitted them
selves with honor. The music, both
vocal and instrumental, was excellent.
The Queen ofthe Year" was we'll acted
as also the "Colloquy," which elected
much applause, especially the response
of the speaker who said she did not
know what new subject would be fas-
cinating except the Capital question
This admirable hit at the Legislature
brought peals of applause from the
audience. The "Gymnastic" exercise
was exquisite-the soldier-like "tramp'
the pantomime time kept to the mu'
sic with the dumb-bells was grand and
told the care of the tutor and the atten'
tion Of the pupil.
The comforting Of the degrees Of aca-
demie honors on the two young ladies
vas an interesting scene. Finally the
whole performance was faultless and
expressed, louder than words, the as
siduous labor bestowed upo9 the pupils
| of the college by those who have the
charge of the Institntion.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26

Police Court.
The business at this institution of
Justice was looking up little on yes
terday morning. Two cases were up
before His Honor, the Mayor.
Frank Mounts, charged with disor,
DERBY conduct, and for demonstrations
of viciousness against officer Harrison,
was fined $40 and cost and imprissn-
ment for twenty days; and in case CT
failure to pay fine and cost. to be put on
the chain-gang.
Patrick Gaffan, charged with drunk
eness, was fined 81 and costs.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Mt. de ChanIal.

MT. de Chanial
We learn, and mention for the infor-
nation of our readers abroad, that the
Distribution of Premiums and closing
exercises of the scholastic year at this
Institution are to take place on Tues
day, the 3Oth instant, at A. NJ. We
alse learn that the music will .surpass
that of any previous exhibition.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26

These bonds bid fair 10 attain the mat pT0ls.
ineDt position among the nohspeeulatiTs in.
yestments Of the country, and viii be actively
dealt in AZ The msney centres in Europe.
Holders Of Government securities have IN Op
portunity Of exchanging them for Central Pa
with the principal ven secured, and Of
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Picnic.

The girls at the St. Joseph Convent
held picnic on yesterday. They went
over the river into Ohio, somewhere in
the neighborhood of Bridgeport. They
marched over in double file and made
an imposing appearance. We learn
that they had a very nice time.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26

River News.
The river, last night, was six feet and
six inches, and on stand. Business
on the levee moderate.
The Express left for Parkersburg ut
IL a. NJ, the James RSes for Sunfsh at
3 D. m, and the Forest City for Steu-
benville at q p. m.
Boats leaving to-day-New State for
Parkersburg at IL a. M, the James Rees
fer Sunfish at p. m, and the Forest
CITY for Steubenville at 81 p. IN.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
SPRIGG HOUSE
On Wednesday, sth July, 1865,
FOR SALE


PURSUANT TO THE DEED OF TRUST
dated the I'd day of juno, 1865, made by
James s. Wheat and Henry COnant, and record
ed in the Recorders Office for Ohio county, In
Book 40 at page 10, the undersigned, trustees,
will sell on WEDNESDAY, THE sth JULY,
Is6S. COMMENCING AT 10 O'clock A. NJ, IN FRONT
~ THE PREMISES, 10 the highest bidder at public
auction the hotel called the SPRIGG HOUSE,
situated on Water street in the city OF Wheel
ing with the lots and parts Of lots belonging
thereto, more particularly described in said
deed Of trust
TERMS OF SALE Ono third in cash, and
the remainder in three equal iDstalments, bear,
ing interest from the day of sale, and payable
siN, twelve and eighteen months after said date
the deferred payments to he secured By deed OF
trust on the property and by policy OF insurance
on the buildings in some good Office or oihces In
the name of the trustees, 10 be kept in force
until payment in full of the purchase money.
Possession Of the property will be delivered to
the purchaser Oh OF before the 18th OF July,
lSt.s
The title we believe to be indisputable, but
selling AZ trustees, we will convey to The pur:
chaser only such title as is vested in MS by said
deed Of trust. DANIEL LAMB,
5. BRADY,
unG-td trustees
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Round Tip Tickets.

On Tomorrow the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad Company commence the sale
of round trip tickets for the New York
Convention, which will remain good
till the 18th of July. Price, $3.50.
This is good chance for those who, in
addition to attending said Convention,
may desire to transact other business.
Secure your tickets.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Youthful Depravity.

There was sad scene before A. N
johnson, Esq, on yesterday morning
Three small boys, the eldest not more
than fifteen, were arraigned for robbing
a butchers drawer of $40. The boys
we're small of their age, and it was
truly a lamentable sight to see three
boys so yonng in age yet so old in
crime. One of the lads is an old Of
fender, having been in Jail before, and
as it appeared that he was the leader
the other two were liberated and he was
sent to Jail. Some $50 or $40 of the
money was recovered.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
Parsfnaaa

Rarsflass ,zG z N0Gd0E
Has recently been taking steroscopic
views in the city. We have examined
several and think them as fine as We
over saw. He intends making good
collection and will take different mega
tives every clear day. All should make
as much Of business show as possible
in these views as they will be examined
by many who may never see the orig
inal.
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26
valuable Coal Property for
Sale.

. BOUT TWENTY ACRES OF LAND,
4 now under cultivation, with good dwell.
Ing house on the same, and connected with a
- Vein underlying more than one hundred
and sixty acres Of the adjoining lands. A Coal
R,pk with the necessary fixtures, is now open.
These lands lie on the Hempield Railroad, four
mile. east of Wheeling.
For terms, apply 10 JAMES PAUL..
inflow
The Wheeling daily register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1864-1878, 1868-06-26

CAROLINA RICE
~ % tierceS prime new Carolina Rice.
MAXWELL X TINGLE
DROVIsIONH-
Il Bacon, Hams, shoulders and Sidea Bull
Meats. Dressed Hogs, Prime Loaf Lard, 80.
MAXWELL & TINDLR