The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1868-10-21
THE NOVEMBER MAGAZINES.
"HRrper's." ;"

opens Win an interesting ana INSTRUCTIVE
article on "Fish Culture in America" with
illustrations showing how the operations of
fish Matching are carried on. Mr.. ]. Ross
Brownies second paper on "Bxplorations in
Lower California" is abundantly illustrated
and decidedly entertaining. The article on
the "Handel Festival at the Crystal Palace in
1862 is illustrated with portraits of distin-
guished singers who participated.
The other contributions are "Miss Worth's
Competitor" "a Bureau Majors Business and
Pleasures" "Household God" the continua-
tion of Mrs. Dinah Muloch Craik's novel OF
''The Woman's KINGDOM" "The Visit" Cru,
raj Life;' "a Moving Tale;" "With Book
tLucy Ruthven's WILL" "Mehemet Ali,
Egypt" "Flower Songs" "Martyrdom;'' "De-
mocraoy of the Chinese" "Editor's Easy
Chair" "Monthly Record of Current Events"
and the "Editor's Drawer"
The author of the article on "Fish Culture
in the United States," after speaking of the
Clinese and Roman methods of practice, gives
the following sketch Of the rise and progress
of the art in modern times:-
The Chinese do not understand the art of
artlhctally tecuudatng hsn ova, and 1t is not
certain that the ancient r R)mans did; yet we
cannot claim 1t as q modern discovery OF
civilized man. The secret has been twice lost
and twice rediscovered. Without doubt it was
known as early as the fourteenth century; how
much earlier 1T ls impossible 10 tell, But NJ
Jourdier, In his work on plscculture, tells us
that it was discovered COR perhaps redlscoveredJ
and practised by a monk OF the monastery OF
Reome, in France, named Dom Pinchon. Like
a true monk, he was melted to the study OF the
subject by the necessities OF himself and fellow
monks, who required full ana constant supply
WhprpWlth n hp
appetite on the numerous fast days OF their
Church. Dom Pinchon invented method of
fish Matching very similar to thai in use at the
present time, aud practlsed 1t IN the monastery
for years. But the secret OF the artlical i'm.
pregnation of the eggs appears to have died
with him; at least it was not again practised
largely until the increasing necessities of the
age led to its redisCOvery.
This time it was no monk, but a soljier-a
Hanoverian lieutenant named JaCobi-who made
the discovery. He. at least, announced it as a
new discovery, and his claims to the honor
with au explanation OF his experiments and their
results, were proclaimed in series OF papers
published IN the years l763-4-5. His process of
taxing and lmpregcatlng the eggs is very like
that now in use. Although this plan was not
given TO the public until l763 it is known that
jacob had been engaged i'll fish culture on the
same system for many years-before 1888, in
fact. On HIS plan he built, under government
auspices, large hshfarm in Hanover, aud the
fishes there raised became an important article
OF commerce, being sold in France and England.
jacob was much hOnOred by his government
at home; his papers on the subject were
translated and republi,hed In France and
England, attracting much attention in the lat
ter country from Sir Humphrey Davy; and he
was pensioned by the English Government
possibly as an evidence of its interest in the
subject, but 1t is probaole that the idea OF hon
oring the Hanoverian lieutenant was suggested
to the Hanoyerian King of England by other
considerations. AT least his Information seems
TO have been put to no immediate practical use
in England, nor indeed in Europe, and CEN
tury had almost elapsed before his ideas were
again eXperlmented upon.
Mr.. Shaw, OF Drumlaning Scotland, appears
to have been the next practical pscc Iturst
alter Jacob, unless we are disposed to allow the
claims of the Rev. John Bachman, OF Charleston,
South Carolina, wen known rs naturalist and
collaborateur of Audubon in the preparation of
his elephantine work on the mammals of
North America This gentleman, in q paper
read before the Agricultural Society OF South
Carolina in 1855, declared that he had raised
trout in this country, from artidcial!y
impregnated ova in 1904. The reliability
of his statement has been frequently called
into question, but pisciculturists of the
present time appear get orally disposed to allow
DIR. Bachman's claims. The Mr.. Shaw alluded
to began his experiments in 1888, Ior the pur-
pose of settling some disputed points in the
natural history Of the salmon. His efforts are
mole familiar to naturalists than pisciculturists
AS a part-and the most i'm portant part-of the
'parr controversy" In January, 1887, Air.
Shaw captured male and female salmon in the
river NTH, expressed the spawn and milt,
hatched the eggs, and reared the young TO the
age of two years, when they ceased to be
'parr," became smolts, migrated seaward, and
returned the next season to deposit their nrst
eggs.
But the piscicultural efforts of Messrs Bach.
man ard Shaw, and indeed those OF all eX-
perimenters from the time of jacob down TO
1889, were made in the Interests OF science
and to add to our very limited knowledge OF
ichthyoogy, not TO replensh the rapidly failing
rivers The first really practical plsciculturists
the founders OF the present system OF raising
hsh, and the persons from whom it received the
impetus which gave it It's present vitality-were
Joseph Remy and Gehin, two Frenrh fishermen
who had long pursued their vocation in the
rivers of Eastern France, but principally In the
head waters OF the Moselle. These two men,
poor and illiterate, with only the scant kno W
ledge of the habits and nature of the animals
which they had picked up during lifetime of
angling, had long witnessed, with deep regret,
the gradual decrease of the trout in.
hapiting the streams in which they fshed;
and, under the impulse of the necessity of
providing for the better protection of the eggs
and the young of their prey, they began the
study of the problem. During three years which
they devoted to it the entire process of natural
impregnation was observed by them with the
greatest care; in one instance, during full
moon, they kept school OF trout constantly in
view during four consecutive days and nights.
After many failures, which would have dis
Couraged any one possessed of less energy and
perseverance, they at length succeeded IN dis
covering that which had been twice before DIS
covered, and arti6cially impregnated and
hatcbed the ova of the trout, and grew the fish
TO perfection, and 10 such quantities that they
were soon able to restock the streams in the De-
partment OF the Vosges.
They met with their first success in 1842
but it was not until lS4S that their claims TO
public attention were recognized. In that wear
DR.. HaXo, the secretary OF one of the agricultu
raj or cumulative societies among the farmers of
the DEPARTMENT of the Vosges, drew the atten.