The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1868-09-05
A LECTURE DELIVERED BIZ scHURLZE DRLITzscH
IN THR HALL or TIE GREAT woRKKEH's AS
socIAlioN, AT BERLIN.
(coNTINUKD.)

IN TEE HALL OF TIE GREAT WORKnKN'S AS
SocIAlioN, AT BERLIN.
(cONTISUKD)
In order, therefore, to e. al q solid
foundation it will be necessa inter lit
more infinitely into the nature and ultmats
aim Of the division Of labor and see whether
we can bung about that perfect harmony be-
tween its effects and its phenomena above
mentioned.
We laid II down as one Of our premises at
the very outset that, by mears of the divi-
sion OF labor, and by means Of placing each
individual 10 bis respective sphere OF action.
separation is effected which is Of immense
weight and moment not only upon Indivi-
dual progress, but upon the civilization OF
mankind at large. Though we are agreed to
regard this partition as something very es-
sentlal and conditioned, through the very
nature Of labor, II does not necessarily fol-
low that this division must degenerate, il
the expression is allowable, to regular class
DIVISION, which, with its inevitable conse-
quences, among which We nsme those anita
gonisticsl controversies about Interest, those
str king contrasts between extreme luxury
and almost poverty, that highest state of re-
hnement and most degrading rudeness, con-
stitutes the radical evi. Of our social life. A
Il
fute such seandalous assertions, and to show
that the remedies against such extraEagan-
ces are likewise TO b. sought IN the division
OF labor; for against that dissolving tenden-
cy Is aTrayed It's counterpoise, its an;idote.
Every creation AM creature of nature, every
natural organization has its fixed limits. Let
Us but simply recur again TO the statements
laid aown in the Introduction, the tenor of
hrch IL hat IA
the division Of labor, and through this only,
the qualification OF our wants could be al
tanned. Since each Of these different classes
OF woTkmen or laborers is able to produce a
part of our own consumption and also part
Of the necessaries for all others, and since
the problem can find its solution only in the
cooperation, 10 The reciprocal activity OF all.
II Is manifest that none Of these classes alone
Is all sufficient IN Itself. On the contrary
each OF them depends upon the performance
and The labor o. The 0thers, In tue same d.
gree as its energies are Indispensable to the
others.
Al is just this uniting element in contra
distinction TO the SEPARATING element through
which the division Of labor is enabled to en-
brace all the groups severed from Itself into
a more peIiect union. Simply through this
synthesis Of individuals Of the different
classes, does the DIVISION of labor create that
organic structure OF society which could not
exist in reality, If each one was all sufficient
for himself AID could supply all his wan
indep.bdent If hls feliOW-laborers.
IL, Bce II is cuI, fly to the division of labor
that We LOOK Tor those indispensable organs
which Lnman society So greatly stands In
need OF, 10 perform the luD ctions of life.
thus We bee that the division of labor con-
taihs, N IT'S very Sell, the laws to prevent the
tTansgresslons just objected to- ii these two
ei,menls, thu separatiug AID the uniting one.
are nothing else but the Two sides OF one and
the same question, the poles OF the axis. al
IL were, arUuDa which every thing else re-
wolves, then they must be Considered "A of
equal importance, should the legitimate r.,
suits take place. For as soun a. tha ono |
pIepouceTa,es over the other, the centre Of
gravity VI The whole Is lost that regulating
LeLuencJ wLlch 10th are designed 70 exsr, |
upon OLe EbUILeI, wni be uesuoyeo and w
aIe laIu upon uacks that diveTee largely.
This will be especially the Case, II We gram
too great scope to the segregatBg element
Which to The uniting one slAbds in bat subj /
ORIGINATE relation, like tbe means 10 "a. end
50 Tia. distinction Tito Classes utterly VIII,
ates the consciousness VI closer union Il
Cancel, by degrees, ali Isriprocslity IN the
peroImaDcts vi the .hereut CLASSES.
anu tbs dludgeTy ana care Tor the supporl
u tae nIsstlisI llle, Is heaped &C last upon a
few CblS all excir sive occupation. Tnls
Oiscioses 10 our view tie pItn OF the ouss
uon, ana pieseIIbes tie true limits within
Nhlcn ID, unlsUu VI labor should NOV.
But SLICE Tue latter IL nothing else but the
tOinl uhoei winch ali labor IL performed. We
are, OF Necessity, led back 10 consIuer labor
Itself. LIE unuIsputed am Of all labor "a
10 supply all men ~ith the PROVISIONS OF lie.
anu CONSISTS IA the mOuieIng ana shaping Of
the means and materials for subsisIei,cs.
Let II be wsil ndeIstuoG, therefore, that the
maBiiold Occupations VI tie labUrIng portions
VI Domahlty ale eli cebteTsu Ia this one iact.
that al labor furnishes US with the means Of
existence, ana has no share Whatever, nor Is
i NJ all expected 10 have, in the ultimate
aim Of lie. Thus we Can precisely deter
mine tie bouGas Of the subject IN question
Tue uIyislon OF labor shortens The road thai
we have 10 travel III orOer ~ arrive al our
uue DESTINY, when Is the deVelopment o.
our higher faculties, Of our spiritual an0 in
teilectual nttU.e In This respecl It Is an IN
dlspsbssDIe prequislte which, through the
mutual txcL ange Of SCI vices, is uncommOnl,
tive eneTgirs aud agencies Of different classes
inLv special Gepai tlDt mas, 10 oil great bene6s
10 ali niank Inu but never should lie righ,
De gIanteu " the DIVISION OF labor 10 inter-
fere in that winch absolutely and exclusive
~ embraces TIC destiny Of an Individual.
Doss not, tor ali thai, ias great process Vt
lie cOme INTO CONSIDERATION, which process
must be gone through with by every indIEl-
dual, and which no other person can do for
hIIns Here ali substitution and exchange ,
has Al emo, as il would be absurd In the ex- ;
IRENE, Tor one To learn OF groW Tor another,
90 II wouio be equally absul d tor the division
OF labor to make any preteusions 70 the aim
OF life which solely depenos o0 the indlviuu- ,
ais tree wlll. Hence It Is one OF the charac-
teftstlc falIs OF the DIVISION Ut labor ~ c0b-
hBe ltselI 10 the so-called lndnsGTlal hie, to .
the exercise Of ones trade 0r profession, !
which places the meaus Of our physical sx- /;
istence az our Command, relieves VI frein |,
lenufy, INCREASES the comforts Of lille; tnus
alpec,iy promoting our bodily aud, inair.et-
Nv, our spiritual Nellzie 9, ~ il 0ught 70 do-- I
ahe division Of labor can be attended only By | /
rhe musr beneficial eOnsequsnces for every I
ii,ciy snana, Is weil - iOr mankind at large, !
md 4sit slus lDoirsctl5 prsvs, ~ We have al /
rsaay rtksAfked, QUE " me must lndispsnss-
be ana flicaclu0s agehcses ior aid higher cui-
Nut this il. Al Present, mot yet apparent, Q
Iinc6 Size disltne(ibn VI CLASSES - sRch thar 8
Z nnppa 0l1t N9liqp excinslyelE with see .
~. ss ~ pnf asnlesAl NAnts thn has q
5Sciai vi IL u lower iatNyng class-I d
Z. n z.2:h "a. ..Isst iI's ~ <srsnssd . )