The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1868-01-03

structure and powers, and OF his ih'.iio
tual and moral faculties on the one LOW
with those of the other races of men, anu
on the other with those of the Dru'e :.
ton. It has been made the suelect u
patiept and thoughtful Investigation os
mon of nowerful and cultivated minds, IN
oil ares: and the inquiry has been pur-
sncd in recent times, with all the ligh' 70
he derived from history, sacred and pro,
zane and from scientific discovery anu
illustration. The results are the saine
that would be reached in nine cases ous u
ten by unframed men of SOUND anu soDo,
Indictment from their own observation anu
experience because the main facts are a.
natent to all who see and THINK as ~.
mountains and the valleys, the woods ana
Tho waters which diversity the earth :; anu
the labors of the learned have only prouen'
those great facts into significant relation
with each other, and confirmed their teach
inrs by proofs OF a more reconoitc Qua
racter.
These results are in brlef:
/. That the negrois q man-in the sense
in which that word is used by every one
except "Ariel that is to say, one of the
human race or races, distinguished from all
other animals, the gorilla included, both by
physical conformation, by intellectual and
moral qualities, by capacities for deve-
lopment and for the transmission and in
crease of knowledge, and by habits and
modes of life, more or less civilized,
which are unknown to and unattainable by
any order, class, genus, or species of the
lower animals.
The limits of an article like this forbid
any extended illustration. We must be
content with referring to one single gilt OF
Con to man, which of itself is decisive OF
the whole matter-the gift of SPEECH.
Upon this subject very eminent writer
says:
60 Several animals may be taught to pro-
nounce words and even TO repeat sentences
which proves clearly that the want OF speech
| is not owing to any defect In their organs
| but TO make them conceive the Ideas wlncn
| these words express is beyond the power OF
art: they artlcultte ana repeat hhe i'll e'no
| or machine.
| uLaneuage implies 4 train of thinking and
| for this reason brute animals are incapable OF
| speech for, though their external senses are
| not inferior to our own, ana thouGn we siouiu
| allow some of them to possess II faint daWnlnS
| of comparison, reflection, and Judgment, IL is
| certain that they are unable 10 form Ihitt u.s.
| sociation of ideas in which alone the essence
of thought consists. .,o-oeo.o cor-
| resnonds to the more numerous, diYersilea'
and exalted intellectual and morai ehuom
meuts of man. and is necessary aIu " ~
| exercise and full development. Inc iuuei
faculties and simple feelings OF ahllauls W =, nU'
| require such assistance. The natural III
| rnape of inarticulate sounds, gestures, ana ac-
| lions, sufIices for their purposes. ! ne "oi
derful discovery of alphabetical wiring, ana
| the invention of printing, complete lhe pehe
| fits derived from VIC iiooio
speech. ,r ,;,,o,s n,bo al.
! WAYS perform the same work Ill Inc 'eiy STUNT
| manner, the execution OF any lnul,luua Z
hninp neither better nor worse th;in mat OF
any other: in whom, the Individual, at tne
end of some months, is what he Will remain
through life, and the species, after Il Inousana
wears lust what it was the Hrst year coh-
frast the results of human industry and IN
yeu1iou. and the fruits of that pertectlblllty
which characterizes both the species and the
individual
uIn the point of view which I have Just CON-
sidered man stands alone: his faculties, ana
yhnt he has effected by them, place nm 1T 4
wide interval from all animals-at an interval
which no animal hitherto known 10 us can III
up The manIike monkey, the almost reasonable
elephaut the docile dog, the sagaclous beaver,
the Industrious bee, cannot be compared 10
him In none of these instances Is there amy
nrogress, either in the individuals or the spe-
cies."
GWhen "Ariel" shall produce gorilla
thai can compose an editorial and set it in
tyne. he will have proved, not, indeed,
that the negro is beast, but that the 60
rilla is man.
2. But Will it is admitted that The ne
gro is a man. distinguished, as we have
said. from all the brute creation, 1t Is no
less true that lie has always exhibited a
marked inferiority to the white races OF
mankind and that his advances in civil
cation beyond its very first stages have
been induced-gcncrally, indeed, COM
pclled-by the influence and authority OF
the white man.
The author, already quoted, in discussing
this moral and intellectual inferiority,
says:
"In all the points which have inst been con-
sidered the white races present Il complete
contrast TO the dark colored inhabiLants OF the
| rlobe While the latter cover more than nall
| of the earth's surface, plunged into state of
| barbarism in which the higher attributes OF
human nature seldom make their appearance,
strangers TO all the conveniences and plea
sures of advanced social life, and deeming
themselves happy IN escaping the lmmedlate
| perls OF famine; the former, at least in this
| quarter of the world (Europe), either never
have been in so low Il condition, or, by means
| Of their higher Announcements, have so quickly
| raised themselves from it, that we have no
record OF their existence as mere hunting or
fishing tribes. In the oldest documents and
| traditions, which deserve any confidence,
these nobler people are seen at least in the
pastoral state and in the exercise of agricul-
ture: the practice OF which Is SO ancient, thtl
| the remotest and the darkest accounts nave
not preserved the name OF the dlscoyerer, or
the date of its introduction. No European
people, therefore, has been in q condition COM
parable 10 that OF the present dark colored
races, within the reach Of any history or ira
dition.
| 81 do not mean TO assert that all indiuidtLak
and all tribes Of dark cOt0red men are inferior
in moral and intellectual endowments TO all
those of the white division. The same grada-
lions and notifications of structure and pro.
perties exist here as in other parts. Certainly
| we can produce examples enough in Europe OF
beings not superior TO Hottenlots and New
Hollanders ; and individuals of considerable
| talents and knowledge are met with In savage
| tribes. There may not be much difference be-
tween the lowest European community and
the highest in some dark variety of man
Examples Of individuals and Of small numbers
will therefore prove little in this matter.
| al h1 al