davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02
From The Columbia Pheniz;
Judge Orr.

Mr. EDITOR: | learn that Gov. Orr has
accepted the Judgeship ofthe Eighth Cir
cult, and that he. has entered upon the
discharge OF his duties. am aware that
some politicians of the State have declaro
ed it TO be dishonorable to accept an Office.
at the hands of the present ntLegislature of
the State; and some have even saidsthat
Gov. Orr would forfeit all OF their respect
if he accepted the position of Judge. Now
| am satisfied that, looking tthis step
both personally aud politicaily,iit is emij
nentlv wise and proper, and will neverTbe
any discredit to the honorable gentleman:
Although we are 2all compelled to admit
that the public life of Judge Orr has been
great success, yet we must say that we
have never known any man whog at vari-
Gus times, has been more censured' and
abused. And why has this been the case2
think that the question is answered by
stating that OH all questions OF nationai
importance he has always taken his posi-.
ton in advance Of the politicians, the
pless and the people, ard his great sin
has been noLsin being wrong in politics.
but being in advance OF public opinion,
and always expressing his opinion with
out reserve. Any statesman will De
abused as much for being in advancceof
public opinion as he is for being wrongs
and there is nothing strange in this, bas
cause we pettitoggers have not-the infor-
nation and the brains necessary to grasp
the great questions which are to influence
the destiny Of individuals and nations. II
certainly has been the great trouble of
the political career of Jud ge. Orr, as it
were, to combat public opinion, when the
State has been called upon to take posi-
ton on some great question; ard even his
enemies must allow that he has exhibited
holiness in assuming, and q frmness in
maintaining, his positions which is not
often seen-and if We had taken his ad-
vice we would not now be afflicted with
tie curse of universal negro suffrage and
carpet. .baggers Thepeople on his circuit
have acted with becoming wisdom in as
suring him Of their great confidence.
CONSERVATIVE.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

You've MEN-The Petersburg Erpress
asks the young men whether they have
brought back into civil life the energy
that characterized them in the camp and
on the battle field, or are they sinking
listlessy into habits Of inactivity and case.
Have they awakened to the new order
of tIings-the new life before them that
demands the exercise of their utmost en-
crgies, or are they dreamly feeling around
tor soft places where they can doze away
their lives in comparative idleness.
Many, we know, have gone earnestly
to work and are reaping Tor themselves
and those dependent upon them the rich
trnits which are the inevitable results OF
industrious labor.
Blu. are there not many others who are
living upon inadequate salaries. or under
the plea OF finding no employment suited
to their taste, are doing absolutely moth
ing. -,
1t may be true that they can find moth
ing that suits them-but can they not
suit themselves to something that will
amply compensate them for the sacrifices
they make.
Do young men consider that in wasting
their Sine they are throwing away the
fortune and it's comforts that is within
their reach? We know that in coun,
try like ours no young man with health
and strength need be without employ
ment, or dependent upon his friends
Look to the cry for labor that goes up
from day to day all over the South. Lock
at the broad fields that are running to
waste for the want OF cultivation. Look
to the metals and minerals that arc latent
in our hills for the want of development.
and the timbers that stand in our forest
inviting to be felled.
Young men look around you-ronder
the situation. You have made many no
bic sacrifices heretofore, make them again.
Go to work and bring back to our shat
terod old State the days OF prosperity and
comfort.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02
12.95a,ooo l2.6se,oOO.

Thus it appears that while the whole
gain from the point to which stocks we're
reduced during the war has been to this
time but two hundred and eighty seven
thousand bales, the actual reduction OF
stock during the past year was four hun
drcd and scvcnty-cighL thousand bales and
the whole remaining stock in Europe,
Sept /. 1868, was but six hundred and
fourteen thousand bales. If to tho amount
of this reduction of tour hundred and
seventv.four thousand bales we add, for
the coming year, the large average in
crease of consumption of the three pre-
ceding years, three hundred and sixteen
thousand, we have rs q result, seven hun
drcd and ninety thousand bales. 1t fol.
lows, as II necessary consequence: that II
European consumption continues in its
present scale. Europe, to prevent the alb
sorpton of its stock within 4 twelve
month, will require an increased supply
OF one hundred and scvcnty-six thousand
bales. tho difference between seven hun
.red and ninety thousand and six hun
drcd and fourteen thousand bales of cot.
on.the stock remaining on the 1st of
september last. Whence is Europe to
draw Il supply for this deficiency, and
how is she 10 command tho additional
alfmiiinn of fbalcs. which is the least she
requires for y six weeks supply?
10 keep prices nu their present point,
She needs nj least seven hundred thou-
SIND bales ,norci the coming year than
s:,c last year ;mportcd.
r !, II
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

"W1cKEpEsT."-The word wicked
est" is becoming more and more popular
so popular, in fact, that it bids fair TO
supplant The usual personal namcs which
figure in shop windows. We have all
read about the 4" wickedest bill.poster in
New York" We now sec the wicked
est neclltie offered for sale in Broad
way window. We studied it some time
and thought We discovered some sem'
blancc of the hangman's knot in the very
neatly folded silk, but arc not certain that
the inventor had any such brilliantly APP
propriatc idea. The wickedest hat in
New York" was first offered in an up
town fashionable hat store yesterday. 1t
is rather .iaunty in appearance, with tho
brim well turned up and the crown lit
tie inclined toward q sharpened cone,
though narrowly round. The wicked
est paper collars arc not yet out-when
they appear they arc to be worn little
too small for tho neck, with tendency
10 choke. The wickcdest pair OF pants
in New York have not yet appeared
in public. They are worn by lady on
Fifth avenue, but she always leaves them
at nome wien Snc ai'l'c"iS ~ soc1
her husband. The ''wickedest" brand OF
cigars have been offered in the market as
real imported Havanas. They are made
in Connecticut 1t is not true, as rcpor-
ted. that General Grant has made ear
gemcnls for the entire product OF tho
factory, at twholesalc rates, for his private
nsc-though the proprietor has arranged
E,r,n en],ropnirut of his establishment
after the fourth Of March.-N. Y. Mail.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

NEWSPAPERS IN OLDEN TiMEs.-At the
convention of editors and printers in Yer
mont few weeks ago, Hon. E. p. Walton
of Montpelier. made u speech in which he
related his experience in the newspaper
business, and made the following remarks
concerning the way tho printer was paid
when his father carried on the business to
which he succeeded:
II can remember one point in which |
am very sure the printer OF 1920 had Il
very great advantage over you OF these
days. and that was getting more just
reward for their labor than You do. Not
that there was plenty of money in these
days-thcre was little of it for time. |
can remember when there were but Two
banks in tho State Money was not
plenty. Now and then we got hold of q
pstarecn, nincpcnce, or four pence, and
half penny But can tell you what they
did get literally; they go: two cords of
wood, four bushels Of potatoes, and siX-
teen pounds of buttcr for Il years sub
seription? can remember when my
fathers cellar WAS halt full ot apples
enough to furnish Que half the village of
of Montpelier, could they have them
now. Why he had TO feed them to the
hogs. Often hc had from six TO twelve
barrels Of cidcrat u time enough wheat.
rye and corn to till a large granary; u
yard filled with eiSht-tect wood, potatoes,
and vegetables OF every sorl-quitc diff
frrcnt pay from what We get now, but in
fnilcly better. He could support his
family, ard supply many OF his ncighbors.
Yon cannot do it now"
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

An abandoned wretch who was
warned by temperance friend to "look
not upon wine when it is red within Il
cup" replied, 81 never touch rcd wine
whiskcy agrees better with my constitn-
ton"
= A wag remarks that he has seen two
sisters who had to be told everything to-
ccthcr, for they wcro so much alike that
they could not be told apart.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

Josh Billings says that men who
have n great deal to do with horses, de-
moraizc much faster than the horses do.
Io adds: Il know lots of folks who are
real Plus. and who are honest enuf to
work up into united estate assessors. and
many good moral chunks left over, but
when they come to tork hoss, they want
az much lookn after an a case Of dipthery.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

- There is man in Boston SO poor
that he cannot pay debt OF gratitude.
1t is proposed to get up a testimonial III
bis behalf
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

A woman is not fit to have'a baby
who docs not know how to hold it, and
this is as true of tongue as OF a baby.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1868-12-02

Congress meets next Monday.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
SUMMONS.

| 70 8. Rev. stamp 5oc.] Nevada Rev. stamp 50e
| TN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE SECONI
/ Judicial District of the State of Nevada. II
and for the County of Ormsby.-ALICE BUR.
DIN, vs.. HARVEY BURDEN.
Action brought in the District Court OF the Sec
ond Judicial District of the state of Nevada, in
| and for the County Of Ormsby, and the complaint
filed in said County of Ormshy, i'll the ONCE OF the
Clerk of said District Court. The State of Nevada
sends greeting to Harvey Burdin, defendant.
You are hereby required to appear IN an action
brought against you by the above named plaintiff
in the District Court of the Second Judicial Dis
trict of the State of Nevada in and for the County
of Ormsty, and to answer the complaint filed there
in "a copy If which accompanies this suInmons)
within ten days Exclusive of the day of service)
after the service on yen of this summons-if served
within this county; or if served ont of this
county. but in this district within twenty days,
otherwise within forty days-or Judgment by de
fault will be taken against you, according to the
prayer of said complaint.
The said action is broue ht to obtain a decree of
divorce from the bonds of matriInony heretofore
and row existing between you and the palaintiif
herein, for the custody of her child Mabel, and
for restoration TO her maiden name, etc.
And you are hereby notified that if you fail to
appear and answer the said complaint as above
required, the said plaintiff will take said decree
and Judgment prayed.
Given under my hand and the Seal
I|\of the District Court of the Second
| @D Judicial District of the State of Ne
" D ~ vada, in and for the County of Ormsby,
this 4th day of January, in the year Of our Lord,
enc Thousand eight hundred and siNty-eight.
ja7-tf NJ. J. ASHM0EE. Clerk.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
UNITED STATES MAILS
NE VApA.
Posi- OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

Posi- OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Washington November so, 1867.
DRoPGSALS WILL BE RECEIVED AT TiiE
( Contract Office of this Department until {
p =. of Tuesday. March 81, 1865, for conveying
the mails of the United States il the State of Z
VADA from July l. lS6S. to June 30, 1870, on
the routes and by the schedules Of departures
and arrivals herein specified. Decisions made by
April ), 1865.
Is, 495-From Austin, IL Geneva and Kingston,
to Twin River. 60 miles ami back, once week.
Leave Arstin Monday. Il: 6 An
Arrive at Twin River next day by 10 A. M;
Leave Twin River "Wednesday at A. NJ;
Arrive at Austin next day by ) P. NJ.
Proposals for twice and three times week SER
vice invited.
Is, l336-From Dayton, by Hot Springs mo ofice),
10 Pine Grove N. o., t5 miles and back, once a
week
Leave Dayton Monday at 4. NJ;
Arrive at Pine Grove neNt day by II NJ;
Leave Pine Grove Tuesday at p. NJ;
Arlive at Dayton next day by P. NJ;
For synopsis Of laws relating to the postal SER
vice. and for instructions TO bidders and postmast
ers in reference 10 the making Of bids. and con-
tanning also conditions to be embraced in the
contracts, forms of proposals, &c, &c, parties
interested Will consalt the advertisements of
routes in California. Nevada, &c, dated July 81,
1865 and October 81, 1866, - be seen al the prin-
eipal post offices.
Bids must provide for carrying the mail with
90 CELEBRITY. certainty. and secErity,' using the
words CT the law; must be guaranteed by two
persons. and the guaranty certified to by post
MASTER judge Of court of record They
should be aidresse.. the Second Assistant r. It
master General Contract Office, marked - Mail
Proposals., and mailed in time 70 be received by
March =, 1868.
ALEXANDER V. RANDALL,
j.. Pos T,,as +p-t Ia-
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
Application fos Era:eHt.
Us REGTsTER.s OFFICE.


L. s REGTSTER'S OFFICE,
Carson City, Nevada, November II, 1877.
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT THOMAS
~ Wheeler, Wilia,a Wallace, Nathan c. Pad
dock and Abner X. Darscr have this day filed in
tilis Office Diagram. together with Notice Of
Application FIR Patent from the United States
under Act of Congress approved .iGiy &c, 1866, for
twelve hundred feet oft.ie MastoIOa Lode, known
the Wheeler ComPany's claim in the Wilson
Mining District, E-ineraiil County, Ntyala.
SAID claim is described As follows commencing at
Station NJ. l. about hundred ami fay gard 10
the south OF " Kin street in the town Of Pine Grove,
being thc northwest corner OF the claim, running
thence north 81 degrees As minutes east coo fet t
Station No. ,. Thence south 81 degrees Is
u.aute- east, 80 feet to Station No 3. Thence
south 81 degrees 40 minutes west, eco feet to
station No. T. Thence north 81 degrees Is Iain-
utes west 100 feet to the place nj beginning -
containing 10 52-1o1ths acres. Said vein or Lode
- eStiaiatei be 100 feet in With ami there is
f.i.,,e,i on efc'l side thereof 100 feet. ImEcdi-
4te.y atii5iniuc sail claim the northern erd
-here are no known claimants. On the southern
end thereof locations have been made by the Cad
,n,is CJn1ptny. by the P0or-nan Company, and by
the Gspositt No. ) Company. Said claim is more
particularly described by the Notice and Diagram
posted in this Office and on the cain.
NIL WARREN 7. L0ChHitt REGISTER.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
GUERRA SILVER MINING COM.

y pany. Location Of VOL ks: Genoa State of
Ncyais.-Not;ce is hereby given, that n a meet
ing of the Board of Trustees Of said Company,
held on the tenth t10) day Of February, 1865 an
assessment Of fne and so 100 81 SOY Dollars per
share was levied upon the capital stock Of said
c ,1lpany payable Immediately, in United States
id coin tathe Secretary at his Office Nos. 81 and
5l Washington Market, San FTancisco, California.
Any st 'ck upon which sad Assessment shall re-
unpaid on the EIGHTEEN I'll 1S) DAY OF
MARCH, 1865. shall be deemed delinquent, and
vii b, duly advertised f}r sale at public aT:ction,
a,i aa!esS payment shall be made before Viii be
sod on the SECOND ~ DAY 0F APRIL, 1865,
70 pay the. delinquent assessment together With
is Of Advertising and expen>es Of sale.
b o. Ter Of the Board Of Trustees.
W L. DAUTERMAN, Secretary.
9Ticn. Ms. - ard % Washington I-irket san
I a.sIcisco Ia iforna. fe15td
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
Ao.aINIs TIIATUR's EOTIUE.

V'IIE UNDERSIGNED. CHARLES C. SMITH,
| has been duly appointed administrator of the
estat. of Timothy q. Smith, late Of GrE.s3y c,'ln-
ty, \ oyatia deceased.
All persons indebted to said estate are requested
10 make immediate payment. All persons having
claims G-ainst said estate Will present them within
ten months from the date hereof, duly authenti-
Gated 10 the undersigned. at Lis place Of business,
in Carson City, Nevada, for Allowance January
2tth, 1865
CHARLES G. SMITH. Administrator
ia2i 4F of the estate of Timothy g. Smith.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
DELINQUENT TAX LIST.

lsTATE OF NEVADA. COUNTY OF ORNSBY.
- District Attorneys Office. - Notice Of suits
cOmmenced.-To the following named defendants.
and to all owners claimants to tie real estate
ana improvements thereon, or Improvements when
assessed separately, hereinafter described, known
OF unknown You are hereby notified that suits
have been commenced in the Justices Court, Car
son Township, by the State of Nevada. plaintiff
against each Of the defendants hereinafter named
and each ofthe following described tracts or Far
cells Of land, with the improvements thereon. and
inn rovements when separately assessed situated
in 0rmsby county, aud al! owners of claimants to
the same. known or unknown, to recover the tax
ami Delinquency, assessed 10 said defendants,
against said property, for the fiscal year
nencpg On the fr-t day Of January, lsij... and
ending the 3lst day CT December, i5t :, and
that summons has been duly issued in each case;
AMI you further notified that unless you appear
and answer the plant fled in said
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
Application for Patent.
NOTICE no. al
REGISTERS OFFICE,

KEGISTESS OfFlCE,
CARSON Cir. NEVADA. October IA, 1867.
NOTICE is HEREEY GIVEN THAT THE
IN Philsielphia Silver Mining Company, by +.
Q. Taylor. Superintendent, have this day filed in
.his Office diagram, together with Notice Of
Application fer Patent from the United States
uoder Act of Congress approved July 26, 1866, for
twelve hundred feet of the philadelphia Lode,
saown as the Philadelphia Silye: Mining Com
ptnys Claim, in Esmera!ia Mining District,
E,meraldl county, Nevada Said claim is de
sc-ib as follows, TO wit: Commencing at point
IN Willow Guic about one quarter of a mile above
the Wide West mill, OH ths south side OF the
y iter course, and about thirty feet south Of the
roai from which point tltc ". corner Of the
hJis:ias works building bears n $50 L, distant
eli feet. claiming surface claim 100 feet on
ctch side Of the ledge, embracing the same 225
fest each way from sail building, the same being
40 b. 211 feet, containing .-i9o acres; also
claiming beneath tic sui face each side of said
Loie twenty-five feet from the center Of the Lode
confirming 6S-f09 OF acre. The main shaft IS
IN the center Of the Lode line claimed, and said
claim extends go feet each way along the line
thereof Said claim is more particularly described
iy the diagram and notice posted in this Office aud
On the u,iniI, claim. The OF the Joining
claimants, if any, are not known.
WARREN 7. LGCEHiRT,
OcIS Register.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
Application for Patent.

iNoIIcE NO. IS.

REGISTERS OFFICE.
Carson CRY. Nevada. 0:tober II, 1867
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT III Z
~ Philadelphia Silver Mining Company. ly T..
o. Tlyior, SUPERINTENDENT, have this gay filed in
this office a diagram, together with a Notice Of
Application TOR Patent from the Caitei States
uIisr Act of Congress approved July IS, 1866 .or
twelve hun lred feat Of the rhi.a lelrhi, No ,
Lode known as the Philadelphia Silver Mining
Compiny's Claim, in Esmeral.ia Mining District,
Esner.lda county, Nevada. Sal! claIl Is described
rs PILLOWS, TO wit: Commencing 1t post ca the
solth slope of Last Chance Hill at 200 feet north
nj the road leading, 10 willow Guich, AMI aboat
one half mile above the Wids West mill. Said
past is 1T the northwest OF the Philadelphia
Silver Mining C)mpany's surface ground the
Phil1ieiphia Lode, RAINING thence North SO 80
Vest 200 feet, thence y. SO - L 45G feet, thence
s. SO 81 Z. 30 feet. thence s. So 80 v. II the
place of beginning, containing 100 acres, claim
ing the above surface ground embracing the Lode,
snI also claiming along the line of the Lode be-
Meath IL. surface, embracing the same twenty
i've feet on each side of the Lode from the center
"f the sane, containing S6-lo0 of an acre. Said
claim is designated by monuments gJ feet apart,
the lstern 5saring from the Western being y.
SO 80 East. There are no known claimants al
Joining 81; claim Said claim is m particularly
described by The diagram and notice posted in this
Office all on the claim
WARREN 7. LoCKHA2T,
o,1S Register.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
SUMMONS.

Fifty cents United States stamp. Fifty cent!
State stamp.
TN THE JUSTICES COURT OF GENOA PRE-
l cinct in the county of Douglas, State of Ne
vada. Before s. Z. Tuttle, j. p. WV. Laphan
plaintiff, against John Williams defendant.
The People of the State Of Nevada send greeting
to John Williams. defendant. You are hereby
summoned to appear before me, at my Office in
Genoa Precinct, in the town OF Genoa, county Oh
Douglas, on the
18th day of March, A. D. 1sGs,
at IL O'Clock NJ. to answer the complaint Of the
above named plaintiff who sues You 10 recover the
SUN of three hundred dollars damages sustained
by said plaintiffs; by your failure to fulfill GER
tain contract to furnish fish to said plaintiff will
more fully appear by plaintiffs complaint,
now on fie in my ,f1ice. when judgment viii be
taken against you for the said amount, together
with costs and damages, il you fail to appear and
answer.
To the Sheriff o. any Constable Of said Douglas
county. greeting: Make legal service and due
return hereof.
Given under ny hand this 18th lay Of February,
A. ID. 1865.
s. Z. FUTILE,
eI4td 4 Justice of the Peace of said Precinct.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18

'l,HIS Is TO GIVE NOTICE THAT, ON THE
I5sh diy IF February. A. D. 1865, warrant
il ba-'1i upt v sued against the est ate Of
Tn0N.S J. BiDf0TD, Of Carson City. county #
0--l7by ard State Of Nevada, who has bean ac!-
\la,dse bankrupt, his own petit IL; that the
-e'e-t o any r.ehts ard delivery Of any property
>,gn.c IT, s,ich bankrupt to him. Or ioi his rlse,
an -fer II any property by him are f'rbi-
kcw; hat ct NJ Of the creditor of :he
Aur-, % n we his debts and cifpose one
IN. a9 # lis estate, will be Eeil a.
~Eni y, 70 be h 1iden at the Office
iI.Y, Register in RsHlxrurtcy Of
= south street, in Virginia City,
1Gedi, bef re sal fegiy'sr, on
- ruary, A. D. 1855, at l.
r. IRWIN,
essenger in Bankruptcy.
;So. c. JAMES, Deputy.
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
SEHMJSS.

L. : Rav. stamp. 5ac.l Estate Rav. Sam. SC.
,.,TAr4 Of NEVADA. N THE JUSTICES
y Court. Empire Township. in ani fer the
County Of 0rrnsl,y. The Stasr Of Nevait sen,is
greeting to James Dewitt aid ". Durham: You
hereby summoned TO appear b"flre ut my
oTics in the loylisi Of Empire, in tie County Of
o-msby, on the
The Carson daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1865-1870, 1868-02-18
IGt. day OF February, A. d. 1865

a. 10 n'cl ok A NJ, to answer unto the complaint
If ]. D. BlrnwelI, vino sues you to recover the
san Of Siz1 80, alleged to lie due for ?. cords Of
wood, a. the rate of 81 30 PEI cord. viii more
fa ~ Appear by account now on file in this office
.stlsn Judgment will be taken against you for the
sli 1 amount, together with costs and damages, if
yoTl :ail to appear and answer
To the Sheriff or ary Cons-a able Of the said
county greeting: Make legd service and due re-
turn hereof.
Given under my hand this 18th day Of Deem
Der, 4. D. 1867.
JAMES MORRIS.
iL.-iv Justice Of the Peace Of sail Township.