The States and Union. [volume] (Ashland, Ohio) 1868-1872, 1868-12-16

fectual of inventions to fertiliZe the
rich mans fields by the sweat of the
poor mans brow. Ordinary tyranny,
oppression, excessive taxation, these
bear lightly on-the happiness of the
mass of the community compared with
fraudulent currency and with rob-
berries committed by deprecated pa
per. Our own history has recorded
for our own instruction enough, and
more than enough, of the demoraliz-
ing tendency, the injustice and the
intolerable oppression on the virtuops
and wsll-disposed, of a degraded pa
per currency authorized by law or
any way countenanced by the govern
ment.
1t is one of the most successful de-
vices in times of peace or war, of ex-
pansions or revulsions, to accomplish
the transfer of all the precious metals
from the great mass of the people in
to thahands of the few. So here they
are boarded in secret places, or depos-
tied under bolts and bars, while the
arc left to endure all the incon-
~veniences, sacrifices and demoraliza-
ton resulting from the use of deprec-
lated and worthless paper,
TuE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
The Secretary of the Interior in his
report gives valuable information in
reference to the interests confided to
the supervision of his Department,
and reviews the operations of the Land
Office, Pension Office, and the Indian
Bureau. During the fiscal year end
ing June Both, 1868, $500 700 acres
of public land was disposed of. The
entire cash receipts of the General
Land Office for the same period were
1852, AS, being greater by SS4, 8S3
that the amount realized from the
same source during the previous year.
The entries under the Homestead law
cover two millions three hundred and
twenty eight thousand nine hundred
and twenty-three acres, nearly one
fourth of which was taken under the
act of June 81, 1866, which applies
only to the States Of Alabama, Miss
issippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Flor
ida.
On the thirtieth of June, 1868, one
hundred and sixty-nine thousand six
hundred and forty-three names
were borne on the pension rolls,
and during the year ending on that
day the total amount paid for
pensions, including the expenses of
disbursements, was S24, 010, 9S2,
being S5,391, 025 greater than that ex-
pended for like purposes during the
proceeding year.
During the year ending, the Both of
last, expenses of the Pa
tent Office exceeded the receipts by
one hundred and seyenty-one dollars.
Including reissues and designs, forty
thousand, one hundred and tifty-three
patents were issued.
Treaties with various Indian tribes
have been concluded and will be sui
mitted to the Senate for its constitu-
action. I cordially sanction
stipu'ations which provide for re-
irving lands for the various tribes,
where they may be encouraged to
,bandon their nomadic habits and en-
in agricultural and industrial
pursuits. This policy, i~naugurated
many years since, lis met with signal
success, wherever il has been pursued
good faith and met nth becoming
iberality by the United Si2tes. The
necessity of extending it as far as
practicable in our relations with the
iboriginal population is greater now
han at any other preceding period.
Whilst We furnish subsistence and in
truction to the Indians, and guarantee
he undisturbed enjoyment of their
reaty rights, we should habitually in
list upon ,the faithful observance OF
heir agreement to remain within their
'~espeetive reservations. This is the
MY mode by Mhich collision with 9TH
tribes and the safety of our frontier
ettlements can be secured.
THE PACIFIC RAILROAD.
The Companies constructing the
from Omaha to Sacramento,
ave been INST energetically engaged
prosecuting the work, and it is be-
ieved that the line will be complete
,efore the expiration of the next fiscal
ear. The six per cent. bonds issued
O these Companies amounted on the
tn inst, 10 S44,337,0 0, and addi-
;onal work had been done to the ex-
ent.o of S3.209, 900. The Secretary Of
he Interior in August last directed
nv attention to the report of govern
1ent director of the U. p Il. r,
company who had been specially in
to examine the location, con-
truction, and equipment of their road
submitted for the opinion OF the At
orney General, certain questions in
egard to the authority of the Execu-
which aros upon his report and
hose which had from time to time
cen presented by the commissioners ap-
ointed to examine this and other
nes' who have recently submitted a
.atement of their investigations, OF
'hich the report of the Secretary OF
le Interior furnishes specific inform
THE: WAR OFFICE.
The report: ef:the- Secretary of War
ontains information of interest and
Importance, respecting the several
of the War Department, and
operations of the army. The
of our military force, on the
9TH of September last, was forty eight
lousand men, and it is computed that
y the first of January next, this num-
er will be decreased to ~forty-three
.ousand men,: 1t is the opinion OF
Secretary of-War, hat within the
,xt year a considerable diminution