The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-10-23

the report made by the eminent naturalist, M. de
Quatrefages, upon Anthropology, a science which
he claims has been founded:by Button. M. do O.,
the professor Of tho Natural History OF Man ut
the Museum, in tho course OF his labors, has pro- /
foundly studied tho fQttowing question:: 'The
position Of man in the dreation;the primitive par
Sition OF the INT race; migrakions, acclimation;
antiquity OF man; characters OF the primitive and
prehistoric man; origins OF tho European ropula-
tions: development OF mixed races. In beginning
Che second part Of his report, which relates to the
actual status OF the science, the professor takes
occasion to protest against the peculiar trammels
that surround the anthropologist when he at
tempts impartiaily to DECLARE the results OF his
researches. He says; eDogmatism and antidog-
matism have possessed themselves Of this science
as q theatre for their debates. Whose wishes to
remain a man Of science and nothing olse, can
hardly mako himself heard in the midst Of these
passionate disputes. Almost inevitably he Ia sus-
pected by both parties. and at the same time is
treated as impious by the ono, and a., mystical by
the other Man, continues M. do Quatrefages,
only considered in his organization, Is nothing
but an animal. but the anthropologist, without
touching on the domain Of philosophy, is led to In
quire il there arc not certain phenomena peculiar
TO man, by which he is as l~egitimately separated
ftom an animal as he has been, by the zooIogist,
from q plsnt. Such characters exist; they are de-
rived from the faculties for religion and morality,
the double privilege that man enjoys OF believing
in something superior to himself, and in @ positive
distinction between good and evil. On this 40
count the author Of tho report unhesitatingly
admits Q human kingdom, and in 80 doing has ex-
posed himself to lively opposition In the bosom OF
tho Archaeological Society itself. The next most
arduous question is that Of determining whether
the distinctions between existing people mark
differences OF race or Of species. This problem isr
resolved in different manners by the monogamist
and poligaraist, who have alternately claimed re-
ligious sanction for their doctrine. Thus in 1866
la Payrere asserted that no could deduce from
Genesis the theory of polygamism, which hes
since been frequently considered tho corollary Of
all anti-religious systems. Now the species lis
| tle ensemble Of individuals moro or less similar 20
one another, who are descended, or who can be
supposed to have descended, from o single pair,
by an uninterrupted series Of families But the
race SIS the ensemble OF individuals who have re-
oeived and transmitted the characters Of q primi-
tive Variety In connection with this definition in
to be noticed tho fact that among animals, hybri-
dalton, or union between individuals Of different
species, results Of least in ono or two generations
In ~sterility, while nothing Of the kind ID noticed in
the multiple unions between different races Of
men. They, on the contrary, offer q complete
analogy with the results of the crossing OF tvo
races belonging to the same species, which 10 al
ways fruitful. The natural conclusion from this
fact is that already admitted by Button and La
races OF a single species. II M
NJ. ]. MAs1ER has just published a new ~statisti-
cal map Of two parts, the first entitled liz France
sacaant ~ec7fre," presenting the several depart
l mnnta clnQQ{Hn6 QCohrNfno ~ A1a
pies who in 1856 were able to sign their marriage
act: 1t ia painted in five oolors. There are eight
departments in the most light-tinted part-whers
the proportion of those who could not write their
names is between 0 and 6 per cent. of tho whole
number OF couples married during the past wear
Le bas Rhin, Ia Mouse, les Vosges, La Haute Ma
rus, 10 Meurthe, le Haut' Rhin, Ia Moselle, and lo
Doubs. 1T 10 remarkable that nearly all these are
or German origin, and many OF them still in the
use OF German as their vernacular.l Next came
eight departments, where the population is limit
cd between 8 and 10 per cent; next sight others.
where the iliterate vary from 10 to 20 per cent:
SIX from 20 TO 80 per cent, and IS departments. In
which the proportion Of couples married in 1886.
who could not sign their names, is from "a to Is.
This part Of the map is painted black, and extends
over two-thirds OF France. In twenty-one Of these
departments, those who cannot write are over so
~ SSAvs "a oA SA0 COupAOD mhxT16u IN 1900, Tho
general average for 1865 Ia, OF one hundred mar
riages, thirty three were Of persons who could nos
write their names. The second table il entitled
ia France saohant lire" In this the author clas-
sifisd the consoripts Of the present year, and the
dark colors have q less area. Thus We find nine
cantons, where the proportion Of those who could
neither read nor write was from O to 4. There are
fourteen whore the ~illiterata are from 8 TO o mar
cent; seventeen where they are from 10 to 40 per
oent,, and twenty-four where the i~literste number
nom W to 81 per cent. The general aver
age 10 28 per cent. On comparing tho two
maps, it appears that the class Of consoripts for
1867 is better educated than the couples who were
married during the past year. From this We vel learn
that primary instruction is progressing among the
young; for these have but just passed their 2oth
year, while the mon married last year, it is more
than probable, were for the most part considerably
past that age; moreover, ignorance is much
more common among the women than among the
men. sa,,.es ass. .iW.. ..g..f. E.7
Dh. 8. G.. HowB,, OF Boston, who is on his way
home from Greece, writes q letter to the Boston
Advertiser rom Switzerland, fom which We make
q rev extracts The country is covered with q
network OF telegraph wires and the whole 10
under control OF the Federal Government. In Tho
Ae~Boa vAAn8cb tuck0 - D. t0a0QE4Dh
bureau connected with the post ofaoe. In smaller
PLACES. where there is no bureau, the postmaster
receives and forwards your dispatch TO the nearest
bureau. These bureaus arc light, clean. slightly
plaohs, kept open all day and q good part Of ~ |
night. and Furnished With every convenience "a
tho public. The clerks are intelligent and civil
oaicers, who sake your dispatch, whether In
Ffe1ob, German, English, Or italian, give you o
csipt, and forward it promptly to any part, Of the
country. The charge is 40 SOUS (about 20 cents,
for ~ words, 20 sous for SO words, and GO sous for
lcc Tordsl You have . right, moreover, to use
any telegraph on tho railroad Inca by paying ton
sousextra. This syatem, has worked so wen. and
80 manifessty promotes public good. not oniv ~
facilitating business, but by promoting instruction
and eootai relktionS, ths* the Federal Government.
cautious and economical as it 10. has resolved chat
after January ! 1858, prices shall be reduced afty
per dent. Then a'despatch may be aent e. anv