davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
EDUCATION.
For the ar Raftsman's Journal"


Education is cultivation, discipline, infor
nation, and training 1t relates to tn
growth OF the body, as well as the mind
and must be impaired to the youth with
view to the development of both, and con
Sequently the necessity of its being based Oh
PHYSIOLOGY, or the laws of health
Ihe successful teacher knows the necessi
W OF having a joyous activity maintained
among his pupils, and this can only be OBJ
tanned by careful attention to the health
comfort, recreation, and exercise of those
placed under his charge. Attention must
be the ruling force, happiness the constant
excitement.
1t is to be lamented that the schools, In
most country places, are in the cond ition in
which they are too often found. Numbers
OF children are crowded, for six hours in the
day, into small rooms, badly lighted, worse
ventilated, and, In a majority of cases, de-
void OF comfort, beauty, and attraction.
Here they are cramped in tiresome positions,
and study till learning becomes wearisome
task; and, for weeks and months this mo-
notonous work goes on, with the loss of
health and ambition, and the pupil, while
at school, is devoid of all that is attractive
to youth.
The teacher ought always to study the in
ses In such manner that they will take
pleasure in their studies, and look upon
them as a pleasing recreation.
am of the opinion that thirds of
the trouble teachers have In governing their
schools, originate from the above mention
ed evils.
In school rooms which are not properly
ventilated, the pupils become dull and Ian
guld., and hence their uneasiness and ina
billty to remain quiet they become cross
and lllnatured. And the same is true in re-
gard to the teacher. The pupils become
inattentive and restless the teacher threat
ems, scolds, and hogs, all for want of proper
attention paid to the physical necessities of
the pupils. Most teachers seem to think
they have nothing to do with the pupils in
this respect, and allow them to form habits
of sitting and standing, just as it happens.
The results of such carelessness, on the
part OF the teacher, are truly lamentable
1t is easier to maintain an erect position than
any. other, while it is. more conducive to
teacher to see that every pupil maintains
proper position that is, they should stand
with head erect, chest brought forward and
shoulders thrown back.
The teacher, who will attend to the posi-
tion of his pupils, will find that they speak
palmer and more distinctly, while in this
position, than in any other, for the more air
inhaled and retained in the lungs, the fuller
and more sonorous will be the voice conse-
quently the necessity of attending to the
expansion of the chest.
Great care should be taken that the pu-
pills pronounce each word distinctly, giving
each syllable its full sound.
There is one thing more in which the
teacher should not forget to instruct his pu-
pills Morality. 1t is the base on which the
principle of the man, in after life, is found
ed. He should teach them obedience to
God, kindness towards their companions,
and love for their country. W. A. s.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
CLEARFIELD PA, WEDNESDAY JUNE 26 1867

To PREVENT RUTs IN RoADs.-The ar,
OF road-making is yet in its infancy in this
country. The roads are not laid out, made
or repaired with reference to economy OF
draft in using them. Deep ruts are soon
worn in them by the common vehicles that
pass over them; and these grow worse and
worse, until they are almost impossible in
pring. Broad cart tires are partial rene
dy tor these. Longer yokes. both for oxen,
and for double horse wagons and carts, COM
pelllng the teams to walk in the same line
with the wheels that come after them,
would be still better remedy. On most
country roads there are two toe-paths and
two ruts, and it is noticeable that the toe
paths are always in much the better order.
Longer yokes would bring the paths and
rruts together. The feet of the teams would
break down the sides. of the ruts, and fill
them as fast as they were formed. This
would improve the road red, and make the
draft of loads easier. We cannot shorten
the axle trees without increasing the danger
OF upsetting, but we can lengthen the yokes
with safety. y.-Agricnlturist.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The Chicago journals having failed TO
clearly establish the density of the popula-
ton of that city by calculations drawn from
election returns, now fall back on a recently
published Directory to claim 267, 800 inhab-
itants. The aforesaid directory. contains
SO, 1o3 names, which multiplied by gives
the result stated
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

A young limo of the law, lately married,
said to his wife: 'My dear, here is tonight S
paper, l am tired; if there be any news.
please read it,, Wife--''An exchange pa
per says: The girls in some parts of Penn
sylvania are so hard up for husbands that
they sometimes take up with printers and
LAWYERS -,
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The new Dominion of Canada wants a
design for flag. A large number of our
Irish fellow citizens suggest field of green
with golden harp in the centre as the
most appropriate banner for that country.
They have the will to force such flag on
our neighbors, but lack the way to do 1t.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

A Paris paper has this clever satire on
the present high prices: "a devout lady
who attends the church of St. Roche, has
been in the habit of giving a half franc
the door with a box to receive aims. The
other day when she proffered the usual sum
to him, he said, L beg your pardon, Mad
anne, during the Exhibition it is a franc. y
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The New York Constitutional Convention
has got fairly to work. Among other radi-
cal measures proposed is that of rendering
education compulsory
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The feeling in ireland FOR the Fenian
cause is evidenced in the imposing funeral
demonstration, at Waterford, awarded a
victim to the recent riot. Fully five thous-
and persons, wearing the green, followed
the corpse to its last resting place.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The Boston Post facetiously remarks
''Thad. Stevens is whetting his teeth to de-
your Attorney General Stanbery, having
failed to masticate President Johnsen with
impeachment sauce" In the milk OF hu-
man kindness that berry might prove pala-
table to lovers of small fruit.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The Kansas papers express much alarm
for the crops in that section, as the army
grasshopper is steadily gaining strength
At Leavenworth day of fasting and pray
er will be held to beseech from the Almighty
an early deliverance from the plague.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Albert Pike has performed one great
achievement In recent editorial he pro,
duced single sentence of two hundred and
ten words without any other stop than
few commas.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

A number of silver coins, several gold
pieces and some articles of jewelry, have
been found on the farm of James Jones,
near Downington, Chester county, Pa. The
coins were all over 100 years old.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The New Orleans Republican propounds
the following:
Why is General Sheridan hard laboring
man?
Because he follows the trade of boring
Wells, and when in Virginia was at his work
Early in the morning.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The following curious advertisement ap
pears in a newspaper in Paris: Agency
general. for international marriages. Hap
piness guaranteed for a year.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

The Cable of 1865, severed by an icebert
some weeks ago, has been recovered, spliced
and communication through it to Europ,
restored,
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

There are one thousand acres of straw
berries on the line of the Illinois Centra
Railroad.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Boston has 100000 inhabitants, churcl
accommodations, for $4,000, and 10000
regular attendants
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

A ''great brute of husband ADVERTISED
in the morning papers for stout, ablebod
led man to hold his wife's tongue.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

0,HOMAS J. MCCULLOUGH, Attorney at Law,
Il Clearfeld, Pa. Office, east of the ssClearfeld
Bank. Deeds and other legal instruments pre-
pared with prOmptness and accuracy. July3.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

If one could be conscious of all that is
said of him in his absence, he would proba-
bly, become very modest man, indeed.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Five bank officials, in Mobile, were poi
soned with ice cream that had been made i
a copper freezer.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Ii BUCRER SW0OPE, Attorney at Law, Clear
IL. field, Pa 0fEce in Graham's Row, four doc, .
west of Graham Boynton's store. Nov 10.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Watermelons can be bought at Columbus
Georgia, for the refrigerating price of $
each
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
FURN NITURE ROO m 8.
JOHN GUELICH,

JOHN GUELICH,
Desires to inform his old friends and customers
that having enlarged his shop and increased his
facilities for manufacturing, he is now prepared
to make to order such furniture may be desir-
ed in good style and at cheap rates for cash He
IN ostly has hand at his siFuI piture Rooms,''
n varied assortment of furniture, among which is,
BUREAUS AND SIDEBOARDS,
Ward robes and Bookcases; Centre Sofa Parlof
Breakfast and Dining extension Tables.
Common, French-posts,C Cottage, Jen-
ny-Lind and other Bedsteads.
SOFAS OF ALL KINDS, wORK-STANDS, HAT
RACKS, WASH-STANDS, DC.
Spring seat Cain bottom, and Parlor Chsirs;
And common and other Chairs.
LOOK KIN G &c L A S ES
OF every description on hand, and new glasses for
old frames, which viii be put IN on very
reasonable terms, on short notice.
He also keeps on hand. or furnishes to order Hair
Corn-husk, Hair and Cotton top Mattresses.
COPFINS, OF EVERY KIND.
Made to order, and funerals attended With q
Hearse, whenever desirable
Also, House painting done to order
The above, and many other articles are furnished
to customers cheap for CASH or exchanged for sp-
proved country produce. Cherry, Maple. Poplar
Lin-woGd and other Lumber suitable for the busi-
ness, taken in exchange fer furniture.
Remember the shop is on Market street, Clear
field, and nearly opposite the sold Jew Store"
December 4, 1881 JOHN GUELICH.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

IVILLIAM F. IRWIN, arketstreet Clearfeld,
w Pa, Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Mer-
haniise Hardware, Queensware, Groceries, and
family articles generally. Nov 10.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

TOIIN GUELICH Manufacturer OF all kinds Of
C Cabinet-ware, Market street, Clear6eld, Pa
He also ma axes to order Cofns sh ort notice and
attends funerals with hearse. Aprl0'59.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

SLIGHTLY MISTAKEN. - The following
story is told in relation to the popular per-
nicious vice of fortune telling: mot
many ever ings since, it is recorded that a
sinner who had escaped hanging for 10 these
many years, was in company with several
ladies. The subject of fortune telling was
introduced Several of the 'ang6s" plead
guilty to the soft impeachment of having
written TO Madame This and Madame That
to furnish leaves for their future history
Instances of some remarkable developments
in certain case hereabouts were mentioned.
Old R. was asked for his opinion. He re-
piled, so far as | am personally concerned,
| know more about myself than | wish to-
[ don't think any good comes of these things.
[ had friend who dressed in lady, apparel
and called upon celebrated prophecies
He did net believe she would discover the
disguise, but he heard what made him ex-
ceedingly unhappy Here the old repro
bate ceased. A lady who was much inter-
ested asked:
What did she tell him?'
She told him he was to marry soon, and
become the mother of ten children p"
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Mrs. Abraham Lincoln has given $500
to the association for the relief of destitute
colored women.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

/ B M'ENALLY, Attorneyat Law. CIearheld.
y. Pa Prsctices in Clearfeld and adjoining
,ounties. Office in lew brick building of J. Boyn-
trn, I'd street, one door south of Lauich's Hotel
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

~ KRATZER & SON, dealers in Dry Goods,
". Clothing, Hardware, Queensware, Groce-
ries, Provisions, &C. Front Street, (above the A.
cademy) Clear field, Pa. Dec 27, 1855
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

I p. KRATZER, Dealer in Dry-Goods. Clothing,
= Hardware. Queensware, Groceries, Provi-
sions, etc, Market Street, nearly opposite the
Court House, Clearfeld, Pa. June 1865.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Ii F. NAUGLE, Watch and Clock Maker, and
IL. dealer in Watches, Jewelry, &c. Room in
Graham as row. Market street. Nov 10.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

EoRCEY & GRAHAM, Dealers in Square and
l. Sawed Lumber, Dry Goods Queensware, Gro
ceries, Flour. Grain, Feed, Bacon, 30, &C., Grs-
hamton, Clearfeld county, Pa. Oct TO-
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

II ARTSWICK d IRWIN, Dealers in Drugs
IL Medicines Paints, Oils, Stationary, Perfume
~ Fancy Goods, Notions, etc., etc.. Market street,
Clearfeld, Pa Dec. 6, 1865.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
SOMETHING NEWIN NCI.EARFIELD.
~ Carriage and Wagon Shop,

ImmedIateiy in rear Of Machine shop.
The undersigned would respectfully inform the
citizens of Clearfeld, and the public in general
that he is prepared to do all kinds Of work on
carriages, buggies, wagons, seighs sleds, DO, -
short notice and in worknsnliks manner Or.
dsrs promptly attended 70. WIN AKNI0R1
f1sakAsfd. Psb. :, 1857
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
Business 1ireetoru.

VALTER BARRETT, Attorney at Law, Clear
~ neid, "a May Is, 1868.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Nearly all the battle fields around Rich
mond are sown with grain.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

M ERRELL BIGLER, Dealers in Hardware.
WI and manufacturers of Tin and Sheet-iron.
ware. Second Street, Clearfed, Pa. June '66
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

Hanging, in Montana, is styled Climb.
ing the pine limb
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

DICHARD MOSSOP, Dealer in Foreign and Do
III mestic Dry Goods, Groceries, Flour Bacon,
Liquors, &C. Room, on Market street, q few doors
west OF Journal Office, Clearield, Pa Apr27.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

FREDERICK LEITZINGER, Manufacturer Of
Il all kinds of Stone-ware, Clearfeld, Pa. Or
ders ssolicited-wbolesale or retail. He also keeps
on hand and for sale assortment Of earthep-
ware, of his own manufacture. Jan. 1, 1858
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

CLEARFIELD NURSERY--ENCoUR-
~ ACE HOME INDUsTRY.-The underslgn-
ed having established Nursery. on the Pike,
half wav between Curwensville and Clearfeld
Boroughs is prepared to furnish all kinds of Fruit
trees, fStandard and dwarf) Evergreen. Shrnb
berry, Grape Vines, Goesenerry, Lawtcn Black
berry. Strawberry and Raspberry vines. Also
Sibrian Crab trees, Quince and early Scarlet Rheu
barb. &c Orders promptly attended to. Address
Aug 81, 1864 j, d. WRIGHT, CurwensviIIe
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
9 c o T T III o U S E
~ MAIN STREET, JOHNsTowN, Pa.
A. ROW 81 co. RROPRIETORS.

This house having been refitted and elegantly
furnished, is now open for the reception and en-
tertainment of guests. The proprietors by long
experience in hotel keeping, feel confident they
supplied with the choicest brands of liquors and
wine July 4th, 1865.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

T0HN Fl. FULFORD, Attorney at Law. Clear
= field, Pa. Office with J. B. McEnally, Esq.
over First National Bank. Prompt attention Civ
en- to the securing of Bounty claims, Ee., and to
all legal business. March 81, 1867.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
And who was named Minnie-or Mary

Grove
Minnie Grove!'' calculated Mrs. Parker
IN sort of a scream
'Our Minnie T. echoed Angeline.
And now" interrupted the cholerit
stranger, bringing his foot emphatically
down on the velvet tulips and lilies of the
hearth rug, II want my niece, Minnie
where is she 2"
Mrs. Parker stood rooted to the floor in
discontinue and amazement, while ADge-
line sank back on the sofa, not forgetting to
be as picturesque as possible in the midst
OF her dlsmay and chagrin.
Il say where is she?'' roared the East
lndlaman. Il want my neice.'
"She-she isn't feeling very well to day, :"
taltered Mrs. Parker, ''and she is up in her
own WI, room. L advised her to rest awhile -
''Then take me to her."
Yes but L m not exactly sure-that is,
L think she ought to be kept perfectly qui-
ct, stammered Mrs. Parker thinking of
poor Mlnnie's carpetless floor and ricketty
cot bed, with thrill of apprehension
Perfectly quiet! tell you will see my
niece! Parker show me the way to her room
or II find it myself. -
Mrs Parker looked appealingly to her
husband, but that gentleman S sharp legal
eye saw no outlet of escape.
My dear, show Mr. Elliott up" he said
meekly, and Mrs. Parker had no choice but
to obey.
1t was dismal little attic room, with
sloping roof and one dormer window, half
hidden with high piled snow. And upon
the narrow cot bed, entirely alone, lay the
only relative that Walter Elliot, the wealthy
East lndiaman, could claim In all the wide
world
She did not turn her head as they entered.
Mrs. Parker approached the bedside with
an lnsinuatlng voice.
Minnie dear-are you asleep?"
Asleep-yes she was asleep, but it was
that deep dreamless slumber that never
knows waking to mortal trials or sorrows.
Good heavens ~ shrieked Mrs. Parker,
recoiling, ''she is dead !"
Dead - screamed Miss Angeline.
Dead - sternly repeated Walter Elliott,
growing very pale. "Dead, and in this hole p
1t can't be possiblel' exclaimed Mr..
Parker. ''It must be a mistake
But there was no possibility of mistaking
the seal of the great Destroyer upon that
white forehead, around the marble lips.
Walter Elliott wealth had come too late
Solitary and unfriended, Minnie Grove
had passed into the land where Gods chill
dren shall nevermore say 81 am alone.
She was buried under the most solemn
that gold could purchase, with
chisled angel bending over her dust, as if it
how or where she was laid to rest.
And Walter Elliott went back to the tropics
without placing his business in Mr. Parker
hands
ou have murdered my niece ~ ne said |
sternly, when the various reports of Min
nie's wretched life reached his ears-reports |
that would not be suppressed, in spite of
Mrs. Parker's endeavors to still the tongue
Of popular gossip.
Thus ended the brief, sad life of Minnie,
he orphan. Would to Heaven there were
not too many snch lives In nur midst
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26
dissolution OF PARTNERSHIP.

I nISSVIlUIION- VF FAhINERSHIP.
u The eo- partnership heretofore exist
ing between G. R. Foster, J. d. M'Girk, Edward
Perks, G. L. Reed, Richard Shaw, A K Wright,
J. T. Leonard, Jas B. Graham. and A. Wallace
in the Banking business, at Philipsburg. Centre
county, Pa, is this day dissolved by mutual con-
sent The business will be conducted hereto
fore at the same place, under the title of Foster,
Perks, 4 Co. RICHARD SHAW,
G. r FOSTER, Ut. LEONARD.
D. M'GIRK. EDWARD PERKS,
J. B. GRAHAM, Wa. WALLACE,
G. L. REED, A. K WRIGHT
March s. 1S67-mzg
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-06-26

~ ALBERT & BROS, Dealers in Dry Goods.
VI. Groceries, Hard ware. Queenswars, Flour Ba-
con, etc, Woodland. Clearfeld county Pa. Also,
extensive dealers in all kinds of sawed lumber
shingles, and square timber. Orders solicited.
Woodland, Pa, Aug. 10th, 1868
Evening star., 1867-06-04

<sts0
first installment waterl
TAX ss.............& IS 0lH
P3ytnG tax,iatefeet frognl
Dec. 10, 1858. .@I44;4W
Tax paving end curb
Ing, Interest ffc1n Feb.l
rnafy 8, 1893 4sv. .t&
Being the ea1e thirty.l
two fest 1foat 81 Md
lotby the ospth tAAroof,I |
Ditto ....... /. .... .
FEAT installnl1hf water
@:::.....s......,,36,&
ditto ....... =, !. !.
First luataIlnaS1t wetsfI
M..s.............&f0 Il 0Sl
Being the went tWe1yI
fees tonr inches frGrif { ~
said lot BY tAd denfn9
0efeof. @
Msto ....s............'
EHU ansfAllment water,
A................S.10 10
dean& the east aye feet!
eleven inches and TIE
Weet twenty .four feeH
tWU fHehna XorseDes~sSI
~ ~ ne 6sptA thesecS'
Evening star., 1867-06-04

MAgruderY B. ID ......
First installMent water
Mx..........,....Sl.67 81
Being the east fifteen
feet and three quarter
inches front Of said by
the donfh thnraOf
Evening star., 1867-06-04

tASAoo AIOnt VI e6lQ BY
the depth thereof.
Miller, Robert. cocoon.
Mercer, Rachael. ......
Tax paving and curbing
interest from August,
1866 ......-.......$51.32 80
Having q front OF eigh.
teen feet and next ad-
joining the east nine
feet one inch front OF
said lot by the depth
thereof.
Moore, 8. H., and u. j.
MCCARTHY.
Beginning on the line OF
Q street one hundred
and twenty-six feet
west from the line of
Twelfth street.. thence
west nineteen feet,
thence south nifty feet,
thence east nineteen
feet, thence north dfty
feet to the BEGINNING
Ditto. ...............
Beginning on the line OF
q street nineteen fset
east from the northwest
corner OF said lot
thenceeast sixteen feet,
thence south nifty feet
thence west afYtAAu
Evening star., 1867-06-04

. . .
Beginning on @ street
south eighteen feet west
from the southeast cor.
ner OF said lot, thence
west twenty teet, thence
north one hundred feet,
thence easttwenty feet,
thence south one hun.
dred fees to the begin.
ming.
Ditto o...........
Beginning at the south.
west corner Of said lot
seven, thence east thir-I
ty.six feet, thence north
one hundredfeet thence
west thirty SIX feet
thence north one hun.
dred feet to the begin.
MIN n rfae-a