New-York tribune., 1867-02-06
>7-e-f-~TEyN
each had la own asp6ots, each had its ox patgral

eAts, and we're the anifhs ,he so were TIE nlHl
md the Study Of geology m its present form con
lists in the investg- edon OF these different con-
d'as IN the ssms manner as the historian. The
historian does not Necessarily embrace every event
Se now .S t = Vt 70 be- cultivated with equal m in all
liz hrancAes and there are special may pe
tor P s surface during particular epOoh and that s
The Biologists are doing They write geological
pl i9 of The most splendid monographs
Gf geological history is that on No STioiln @ een n
Robemia we have similar monographs OF the geological
history Of parts of our own contuei hlnteu 10
Sisores is Continuation to the whole history Of the
changes Which earth has undergone NON tne p9g %
obtained OF the character Of each period, becomes
possible aud every day easier TO reeogLeb b ,SS InSS
We have fragments for instance OF the ret fs
deposts-that Is, deposits formed CURING ums a'e
on the southern coagt q England the northern pdIeid
coast Of France and thS eCas tScr beds but at the
same time were formed this continent. Inc gIeen
sands Of belong RfiF c before Se se but the
after The white chalk In Europe some beds which are
s2yey AND N6 s%e We know Sq that these deposits wesy
were formed at the same time these deposits In Europe
were also because Of the fact that white
cSaIS belonged to that period Now, how is that that
tbe he sands and clay of the present period could
% " pe en by the fact that the sands of the
nTcsent dav there would be certain shells invariably
tIe Herca3 coast of the Atlantic but also along the
European coast OF the Atlantic Anywhere uePEs P, Oi
whether ON the American European coast would pe
recognized by geolOgists as OF the same peIou Wy %
Certain remains Of animals and plants the Identity h
of time these deposits may be traced nave enosef
the cretaceous period for particular reason because
would take me too long TO expmn, the erod s
IN because
renee on certain slopes. Cretaceous Ueas nnEe se
been found along this tract d mere m mboldt 10 the
south of Caracas They been found by other geoo
s the foot o. the Peruvian AdeS on G Banks Of
the Paras one Of the tributaries OF the Amazon nav
fpe rbe PrSynee Of sierra Now these beds ums
talaby cretaceousthat Is, they are Va @
age during which the chalk has been accnmuiatou a
For here and there, remains Of ANIMALS have
been found in these beds, which are OF the same ICs
as those which have been found In the ehalk OF EoRe
and Identical with those which have been fonnd III the
cretaceOus beds OF NewJersey North ana south C9fO
of Alabama, and Iowa. On the banks OF the Mssoul "
similar fossils have been found and they are Known 70
have found upon the banks oi the nsslssiP,& anu anu
great extent What call the inner coast OF our CONT
nent Is that coast which s frcm 20 70 10 ana 81 e beh
lands To the east Of the Alleghaiies we nave
everywhere from Maine to fonqba obavc the sp Level
of the sea, and then sudden rise toSIu
the hight Of The So% VOW efore Iss T ns % into the
nights Of the Alegany range, we ihd every clo
depOss, and these cretlceous utpOnlls
nains of a Kind of large lizard known the Moeasauru
Ne ~ that iizsrd sEectons have found the
banks Of the Missouri, remains nave Deeh Iounu III
Jersey remains have been found on the Fdrs nu 1 lo
mains have been found I'm Holland, In Europe You see
we have thus direct demonstration IN manner sl M
to that / narrated Of the clam found on the
eastern and western coast Of the Atlantic, that these
beds called cretaceous, belong 70 one ana t.e SANE
I,eriod and Of a comparatively recent dateof mucn
more reCcnt date than the coal Poseror to the coal We
have all the beds Of the Iase & ana T1T'1 rpye the
whole Of the rocks oi South Germany and the r6,r sA
tent Of belong 70 9, & JGIss dHpes. pf The e
ceous period And yet these ctetaecous peds h,e seo
auded cretaoeous beds are found inclined abuiting
against the Rocky Mountains; they are found M
inclined in the sierra; they are found inclined In the
Andes Of Caracas; which shows unmlstaaby tnat th
sen long after the tableland of Brazil and the tabeand
Of Guiana had been forned met as the occurrence % GI
primitive horizontally upon the slope OF oer great vest
range shows that In 'he continent OF AnsIc .so OF
Of the succession of mountains mas been mr. @ the
Canadian hills then the Aleghany range, ara men Ihe
the Andes You sec then, that the facts bear ort
succession, by changes in geological hidory-
by changes which take place at long ineTyas-and that
appearance is the final result q all these causes lbgve
alluded to only few aud what have sad OF the geooe
mflne Now let rs co little into paricuaiS Il Il docs
not fire your PATIENCE and You grant me few more more
We have here basip between the southern slope Of Gn
and the northern slope OF the table-laLd OF Brazil
these three successive upheavasthat the basin consists
e s northern 6S5Ges Of sSs sa5 aS5 T
that The norttern slope of u congsta 81 similar rocg,
against which rocks OF more recent pgt hSt9I ysi3
the eastern Ope OF the Andes consists o large number
OF beds ot all geological periods Tor We ilsd ~ Ihi
Of which have themselves been raised But tho valley Of
II gradually
fled through all times, and s being modified now Just as
ea e T' R ot or h ranges o o G this Continent has
been modified n the course Of time. The frt trait 10 tho
formation Of thevaey Of the Mississippi wdsits separation
from lie Arctic Ocean by the upheayal OF the Cana9up
hills Prom that time the Arctic Ocean ceased TO
Sraicd by the great Canadian leland The next step
was the separation Of the Pacific from the Atlantic by
the upheaval Of the Alleghanlee From That time tue
Atlantic beat against the Aleghanies, but the Pacific
beat also against their feet The Pacific was not yet shut
not until the Rocky Mountains rose that the Pacific was
thrown further west ana that this continent gaea IN
the Andes were not up there was free oommuneaton
between the table lands OF Guiana ana BIaEt, BI,asEst,,
between two large Islands When M IL 2nse e. became
an internal modelling a the valley-a modelling wlich
is going on, and which is Accompanied by waste ana
valley no doubt but it is coptlnenta valey7t il one
which we recognize az valley when we take Into con.
structure Of the Whole northern portion Of he eoHtept
And, 20 II Is continental valley which we recognize es
features Of the Southern Continent But, in fself e
braces variety Of other Valeys Just the Msse1ppi
drains many other vqleysAthe Mississippi drapl the
valleys Of the Ohio Of the Platte OF the Canadian aud
eG yeT aPa o. al a inc M nHs ays p9 ee one St
smaller forms OF coniguratOn into all these minor tracts
hennye geological agentsthey arc produced BY dendda
Ont BY wear and sSE Of e fs
ncessantly " work The change Of teinpera:
luro during the seasons, producing frost and
thawngs alone enough TO disintegrate large amount
OF rock And disnteated teso tragmohts Of rock
become easily affected by rains, by iresetsand that
again has another effect. The mechanical power Of
flowing water Is another agent which constantly goes
modelling and remodelinR the surface. Apd we have