Daily Ohio statesman. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1855-1870, 1867-05-24

intensely black face, and gives additional
ferocity to his aspect. The almost total
absence of neck give the head the appear
ance of being set into the shoulders, The
brain case is low and compressed. The
eyebrows are thin, and almost lost in the
hair OF the scalp. The eyelashes are thin
also. The eyes are wide apart. The
ears are much smaller than those of a man,
but in form closely resemble the human
ear. They are almost on the same parallel
with the eyes. In front view the nose is
hat but somewhat prominent, more so than
in any other ape. This is on account of a
small projecting nosebone. The gorilla is
the only ape that shows such a protector
The chest is of great capacity in some
measuring five feet six inches and five feet
eight inches in circumference. The shoul-
der exceedingly broad, the pectoral re-
glons show slightly projecting a pair of
nipples. The abdomen is of immense size,
very prominent, and rounding at the sides.
The arms have prOdigious muscular de-
velopment, and are very long. some of my
specimens measuring more than nine feet
from the extremity of one hand to the
other. The great length of the arms and
the shortness of the legs form one of the
chief deviations from man. The hands OF
the animal are of immense size, strong,
short and thick, the middle finger, in some
gorlllas, being over six inches in circum-
ference; the nails are black, thick and
vision of the fingers, those, as in man, be-
ing covered with short, thin hair; the thumb
is shorter than in man; the palm of the
hand is naked, cdllous and intensely black.
The foot is proportionally wider than in
man; the sole is also calLous and intensely
black, and looks somewhat like giants
hand, of immense power and grasp. In no
other animal is the foot so well adapted for
the maintenance of the erect position. The
foot on the gorilla is longer than the hand,
as on man. The great toe OF one of nv
last specimens measured seven inches i'm
circumference. Such is somewhat hur-
ried account of the gorilla. Here the lee
turer graphically described the gorilla, of
which he had received fine plates.1 To
show you the contrast between the bony
structure of man and of the gorilla, you
have before you diagrams oftheir skeletons,
side by side, so that you may see at one
glance how much they differ or assimilate
1t looks very much like if the bony frame
of the gorilla was shouting to us: "Am
man and a brother" Man has7 cervical
vertebre, II pairs of ribs, sometimes Is
(hence man has II dorsal vertebrR), lum-
bars sometimes ~, 5 sacral, carpal or
wrist bones to join the hand with the arm.
The gorilla has z cervical vertebre, l3 pairs
of ribs, Is dorsal vertebra, lumbar yerte-
brSe, 6 sacral vertebra, Scarpal bones. The
hand ofman is composed of 10 bones; that of
the gorilla the same. The foot of the goril-
la and man have also the same correspond
ing number of bones. The chimpanzees
have IA pairs of ribs. The gorilla skeleton,
the skull excepted, taking it as whole, re-
sembles the bony frame more than any
anthropoid ape. In the form and propor-
tion of the pelvis, it being the only ape
where in some the pelvis is broader than
long, a characteristic which formerly be-
longed only to man. The number of ribs,
the length of the arm, which is somewhat
shorter than in the chimpanzee and in the
orang. The arms in man reach below the
middle of the thigh, in the gorilla they
reach nearly to the knee, and in the Chin
panzee they reach little below the knee.
The heel or Oscalis of the gorilla makes a
more decided projection than in any other
ape. Although the foot be articulated to
the leg, with slight inversion of the sole,
it is more nearly plantigrade in the gorilla
than in other apes. The great toe is per-
haps the most characteristic peculiarity in
the human structure, it is that modification
which makes the difference between the
foot aud the hand, and gives the character
of his order (Bemana). In the degree of
its approach to the developments of the hal
lux (big toe), the quadrumaneous animal
makes true step in affinity to man. But
in the gorilla, like in the apes, it is
a true thumb by position, diyerging from
the other toes at an angle of about
sixty degrees: hence the foot of the gorilla
Is q powerful DdIlu OI lulU161S6
Now that have made few observations
on the bony frame of the gorilla, let us
speak of his head, and we must think that
it reeedes further from the humane type
than that of the champanzee. Before you
are drawings of the skulls of man, male
and female gOrillas, nshiego, mbomie,
kooloo, kamba, and of young gorilla and
champanZee, and at once we conclude that
the gorilla skull, especially that of male
Yecedes more from the human type. All
one glance you see the broad forehead oi
men towering far above that of the ape. A
very remarkable fact is the crest on the tor
of the head, and occiput, which, with the
corresponding development of the temporal
muscles, forms the most striking feature oi
the male gorilla, and gives to his jaw q
muscular power that would almost riva
that of q horse. The bony ridge is un-
known in the female, hence she pos
sesses far less strength. The largest ridge
over the eyes is alone more prominent in
the male gorilla, and gives him scowling
articulating with che nasal as in other
| tquadrumanas and most brutes. The
| gorilla possesses large and deep groveC
| CANNES, which wear out with age. The
number of their teeth is the same as in
man-32; indeed, the number of teeth il
all the anthropoid apes correspond witt
| that of the human species. The incisorl
are large. In the apes the biscupid
are implanted by three distinct tangs
| two external and one internal, anC
the external one is divided. Ii
man they are implanted by one external
and one internal, and in the Caucasian race
the two fangs are sometimes united. One
of the remarkable features in the skull o
the gorilla is the great variation of the cres
on the top of the head and OF occiput
| Sometimes a skull of less power thar
another will have higher ridge, as in tht
young. but this ridge will not be so thick
! The others-skulls of troglodytes niger, anC
| Ofthe baldheaded chimpauZee-are smaller
and rounder than that of the gorilla, anC
also that of the koolan kamba. The latter
has perhaps greater relative cranial ca
| pacity. The corresponding small amount
of the brain in the male gorilla, and the eX.
| cessiVe preponderance of the cerebellum ol
back brain, with its enormous strength
would seem to coroborrate our opinion O
the excessive brutality of this beast. The
changes which occur IN the development o
! the female gorilla's skull from early youtt
| to adult lite are not, by far, so great as they
| are in the male gorilla's skull, which may
be called complete metamorphosis. The
| skulls of young gorillas, male and female
as you may see by the drawing before you
| and of the chimpanZee, are much alike, anG
| would not at first sight be recognized one
| from another. When young, the head is
| more round and more human. AS the ami
| NAL grows older, the occiput becomes long
and compressed, the muzzle large and pro-
| jecting, the frontal ridge, which was little
becomes very prominent, and the crest aud
occipital ridges, which are not seen in the
| young, become enormous on the adult male
| gorilla. give you the cranial capacity Of
| chimpanzee nshiego mbouve, kooloo kamba
and of the gorilla: Four adult chimpapzee
skulls measured 20, %, "a, 26 cutie inches
| two adult nshiega mbouve, Is and % cubic
inches; one nshiega mbouve, young, q
cubic inches; one kooloo, adult, 25 cubic
inches. The average cranial capacity of ter