davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
The Democrats Opposed to the Tariff.

Mr.. Bigham presented the following reso-
lutions in the Senate February 4th, viz
WHEREAS, the House of Representatives
sion passed bill imposing duties upon for
eign goods, wares and merchandise import
ed into the United States, and also securing
increased protection to our industrial, man
ufacturlng and mining interests;
And tohereds, The Senate of the United
States has also within few days passed this
same bill with sundry amendments thereto
And lohereos The Legislature of Penn
sylvania deems the passage of this bill as vi
talto all the interests of this Commonwealth,
and fears that further discussion of its de-
tails may endanger its final passage; there
fore be it
Resolred by the Senate and House Of Rep
| resentatires Of PennSylUanta IN General
assembly:
That the members of the House of Repre-
sentatiyes in Congress from Pennsylvania be
earnestly requested to unite in passing the
tariff bill IN the form it came from the Sen
ate, trusting to future legislation to correct
errors, if such be found therein.
.. That if, in any possible contingency,
this bill would hereafter come before both
branches of Congress, that the Senators and
Representatives in Congress from this State
be earnestly requested to unanimously vote
for the passage of this bill, as the best that
can be secured to replenish the national treas
ury and protect the industrial interests of
Pennsylvania.
Mr. Bigham explained the necessity of
the immediate passage of the joint resolu-
tion in order OBSCURE the passage of the
Tariff bill by the present Congress.
Mr.. Searight (Democrat) spoke against
the passage of the BILL and desired to have
his vote on the record against the measure
On the question, Shall the Joint resolution
pass?
The yeas and nays were required by Mr..
Graham and Mr.. Taylor, and were as fol-
lows, viz:
YEAs- Messrs. Bigham, Billingfelt, Brown,
(Mercer,) Browne, (LawreDce,) Coleman,
Connell, Cowles, Fisher, Graham, Haines.
Landon, Lowry, NJ 'Conaughy, Shoemaker,
Stutzman, Taylor, White, Worthington and
Hall, Speaker-Is:
NAYs-Messrs. Davis. Donovan, Glatz.
jackson, James, Randall, Schall, Searight,
and Walls-9.
So the question was determined in the af-
firmative.
Here we have the name of every Repub
llcan Senator present voting in favor of the
Tariff bill, whilst every Democratic Senator
present voted AGAINST THE PROTECTION OF
AMERICAN INDUSTRY. We deem further
comment unnecessary
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
Notes from Harrisburg.

State Treasurer Kemble has advertised,
in accordance with the law just passed, 1or
a new loan of $23, 900, 900, to redeem the
oyerdue bonds of the State. There Is little
doubt. the new loan will be promptly taken
The Senate Railroad Committee have re-
ported the bill, restoring the charter OF the
Connellsvile railroad, with negative re-
commendation. Its passage is doubtful.
Most of the members of the legislature
visited Pittsburg last week, with view OF
visiting the several charitable institutions IN
that city and vicinity.
A general Railroad bill has been reported
and the impression gains strength that 1t
will become law; yet there are reasons to
apprehend that amendments will be forced
into it that will greatly restrict its usefulness
The friends of the measure however, are
endeavoring to pass 1t in the best shape
possible, and trust to the future Legislatures
to supply all deficiencies, and make the law
what it should be. That large majority
of the people of the Commonwealth are in
favor of General Railroad law, no one
conversant with the history of the past
year will deny. Senator Lowry, of Erie,
in the course of debate in the Senate, re-
called the fact that Gov. Geary, early in
the canvass last year, pledged himself to
sustain the measure; and Mr.. Lowry added,
but for this declaration Gov Geary would
have been beaten fifty thousand-a state
ment which should be we'll considered BY
those who aspire to future official positions.
Intimations are given that bill will be
brought before the Legislature to repeal the
law authorizing the election of District At
torneys by the people. and restoring the ap.
pointment of these officers to the Attorney
General. Better change the Constitution
and make the Attorney General elective.
There are sinister rumors afoat to the eff
! feet that certain members of the Joint Com
mittee appointed to investigate charges OF
| bribery and corruption, in connection with
the Senatorial election, attempted or actual
ly succeeded in turning their position there
on to pecunia@y account. Considering the
| eminent character and transparent unselfsh-
ness of all the gentlemen serving on that
| Committee, we attach no importance to
these reports But, would it not be singu-
| lar if these inculpations should assume such
consistency as to render it necessary or ex
pedient to investigate the Investigating
Committee?
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

MARYLAND.-The Maryland Legislature,
last week, repealed the law providing for a
new election in Baltimore. The secret of
the repeal has leaked out. 1t appears that
In the new franchise law, throwing open suf-
frage to the traitors, all citizens were clothed
with this right, and it was only when the fact
was pointed out that under this statute, and by
the plain meaning of the civil rights law, ne
groes were citizens and could therefore vote
in the coming election, that they found out
their mistake. Alarmed at the prospect of
losing everything, the Swannites hastily re
peaied the law, and the present city govern
ment will continue, unless intermediatey
dismantled, until November of 1868.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
81. ROW, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
CLEARFIELD, PA, FEB. 1s, 1867.

DIsLoYALTY oFTHE DEMOCRATIC PARTY.
The New York Tribune, in recent elabo-
rate article on the subject, made the following
reference to the ''disloyalty' of the social
ed Democratic party leaders during the war
for the preservation of the Union:
A confederacy of the seeded States hav,
ing been formed, leading Northern and
Western Democrats openly advocated the
secession of their several States from the
Union, and their accession to the Southern
Confederacy. ''If the Union is to be dis
solved said Judge George W. Woodward,
Democratic candidate for Governor in 1868.
81 want the line to run north of Pennsyl-
vania Ex-Governor Rodman NJ. Price, OF
New Jersey, wrote and printed letter elab-
orately urging that New Jersey should forth
with unite her fortunes with those of the
slaveholding Confederacy. (See it in Amer
lean Conflict, vol. [, p. 49, And ex-Gov.
Horatio Seymour, of this State, privately
argued that New York should likewise unite
with that Confederacy, whose head was JEFF
ferson Davis. 1t was held by leading Dem
ocrats that the Union might thus be recon
structed without bloodshed or convulsion-
only New England, and, perhaps, two or
three of the more fanatical States of the
Northwest, being excluded therefrom, as
unacceptable to our Southern brethren.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

A Jolly MISTAKE E-The Minnesota
Stats Zeitung, a german paper, is respon-
sible for the following good hit:
''By command of his high rlightiness, the
ex-tailor Andy, some one of the numerous
clerks in Washington was recently set at
work to renew the commission as postmas-
ter for Pennington, Dakota county, of j. G.
Andrews bosom friend of ''Andy's," and
a first class bread and butter man. But the
clerk, ngabsent- minded, or thinking per-
haps more of some other clerk in crinoline,
blundered, and wrote, instead of J. G. An
drews, j. G. Edwards. Now there is, by
odd luck, J. G. Edwards in Farmington
but he is "a full blood niger" black as the
ace of spades, sassy as stock of mon
keys" and, as we hear, more intelligent,
better educated, and considerably better
qualified to run the machine than j. G..
Andrews. And SO it came to pass, in the
second year of his reign, that Andy, the
nigger-killer, appointed darkey in Mime
sofa to be postmaster
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
aew Atlrsrtissments.
set tH kargetgpe, cts 0roHtof PLAIN
styhe'yiH be charged do,bks price occuyiea
no BOUNTY BOND HOLDERS

- There Is now IN the County Treasury
money to appropriate on Bounty bonds. and the
County Treasurer has been directed TO pay the
same as follows:
lst Holders of bonds upon which part of the
principal has already been paid. are requested to
forthwith present them for redemption with in
terest actually accrued.
I'd. TO an amount not exceeding two thousand
dollars on each of the patches Of bonds due respec-
lively on the st days of July and January in each
year, so as to equally distribute the amount to pay
among the respec tive holders and the holders of
each OF said issues are requested to present the
same and receive their money with interest actu-
ally accrued. By order of the Conn issioners
W 5. BRADLEY. Clerk
Com rs office ClearGeld. Pa. Feb. IL. 1857 At
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
the RAFTsmAn's JOURNAL,

radesof funeral honors at the burial of A
5. Johnston's remains, is severely censur-
ed by many at the North. as wholly lncon-
sistent with either the sentiment of chival-
~ and humanity" Very likely this is so.
Many things that General Sheridan has done
within the past years have been severely
censured by the same class of persons. Vir-
ginia was overrun with reports of his wild
pranks And these persons at the North
who now rensure him thought his operations
then inconsistent with ci.ivalry and human
ity
The free traders are in fury over the tar
iff bill that has passed the Senate, and will
make every effort to kill it in the House
but its friends are very sanguine. Mr.. Fes-
sendon and Mr.. Wells earnestly favor its
passage The National InteUigencer assails
it, of course but it does not, therefore, fol-
low that the President will veto it. Its ag
gregate provisions are supposed to be very
acceptable to the Secretary OF the Treasury
1t is stated on high authority that Baker,
the detective, in his testimony before the
Judiciary Committee, in the impeachment
matter, said he had once in his possession a
letter written by Andrew johnson, when
to jeff Davis, offering to identify himself
and Tennessee with the Southern Coufeder-
acy on certain terms; that being doubtful
of the genuneness of the signature to the
letter, he Baker, showed the signature TO
the Presidents Private Secretary, who pos
itively identified the handwriting.
The Nebraska bill was passed over the
President S veto, in the Senate, without a
word of debate, by vote of 81 to g.; and
in the House, by l20 to A. The State is to
be admitted by Presidential proclamation
so soon as the Territorial Legislature shall
have ratified the fundamental condition of
universal suffrage.
The petition sent to the President by Ken
lucky Democrats, asking for the pardon of
John G. Breckenridge and permission for
him 70 return to this country and the nom
ination by Democrats of Ballard county of
| that distinguished conspirator for Governor
of the State, are two significant political
items, going to show what are the designs
of the rebels and the use they seek to NHke
of the President in executing them. 1t
| would be difficult to name man more guilty
than Breckenridge, and it is precisely for
| the part he took that the Democratic party
would confer upon him tie highest honors
of the State. Not only does the movement
| betray a feeling dangerous to the onion bit
an audacity equal to anything connected with
the rebellion itself; and it should be regard
ed as one of the things that sharply instruct
| Congress in its duty.
| The new organization of the Military agen-
cy of Pennsylvania, under the Instructions
| of Gov Geary, bids fair to be most effective.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
r IST OFJURORS for March Term 6

T IST OF JURORS for March Term 1ss-
IL Commencing third Monday, lS.h 5,r 5v',
GRAND JURORS
Beccaria-David Bear.
Boggs-Patrick Gallagher.
Brady-Thomas Lines. DIR. T. ]. Bower
Burnside-Joseph Mckee, VIM Langdop. Jo,.
Fry. '0ea
Covington-Dr- j. W. Potter, Reuben R;,.-
Lewis Plubell. '''
Clearfeld-L. R. Merrell.
Curwensville-Lewis NJ. Laporte
Ferguson-Michaei Witherite
Girard-Andsrson Murray, Francis Buls,
Graham-Thomas ii Forcee.
Guelich-Caleb Copenhayer.
Jordan-John Curry.
Knox-Wm. Cox
Lawrence-Wm. Mapes.
Morris-Leonard kyler.
Osceola-James Young, George Richards
Pike-Andrew j. Toner
TRAVIS JURORS.
Beccaria-John Mccoy, George Pearce.
Bloom-Adam Korb.
Boggs-Samuel Wooleater, Samuel Rob-
John W. Kyier, NJ. L. Lumadue.
Bradford-John Stewart, Elias Smesl
Brady-James Nelson, Jesse Lines J 7 E;,,
T. F. Rishel, W. L. Porter, George ElIinger
Burnside-Washingto Gardner, Jacob Rus,..
David Fulton. Matthew Penticof.
Chest-John Hunter, John Kipp.
Ciearheid-Joseph ,. SHOWERS, JAS. A. Moor.
Frank Short. L. G.. Morgan.
Curwensville-A j. DraucKer.
Decatur-Elias Walk, Stephen Kephart
Fox-Stephen Fox.
Girard-Francis Hugar
Guelich-John W. Miller.
Jordan-Robert NJ. johnson.
Knox-Henry J. Sloppy,
Lawrence-John Butler, L. X. Mccullough
c. Kelsey, Henry Irwin, Amos Reed james
Dough erty, (of John
mber-city-George II. Lytle.
Morris-Samuel Hoover Joseph Potter
New Washington-Wm. Mehaffey, h. Ga,tls,
0seeola-Wm. Mays
Union-Michael Hubert.
Woodward-Parley Mahew.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
N NEW A r r A n G. + NJ f y t

The subscribers have entered into cO-partnef'
ship. and are trading under the name Of IrSinl
Baily & Co. in lumber and merchandise, at INC
old stand of Ellis Irwin Il Son, at the mouth o.
Lick Run. They would inform their friends ahS
the world in general, that they are prepared 10
furnish to order all kinds of sawed or hewn lun'
bcr ana solicit bills. for either home or eastern
markets.
They would also announce that they have JuH
opened
A NEW STOCK
of we'll selected goods, suitable to the season con
sisting OF every variety usually kept in counn!
stores. Their purchases have been made sine'
the late decline IN prices which enable them "
sell at such rates will astonish their customer
One if their partners, Thomas L. Baiiy, resiuss
near Philadelphia, whose business itw DC
watch the markets and make purchase Oh 'A'
most favorable terms. Call and see us
ELLIS IRWIN,
THOMAS L. BAILf,
Goshen tp Dec 6, 1855 LEWIS l. IRWIN,
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

A SAD ACCIDENT learn from the
Pittsburg Dispatch that boy named Pat
rick Gillen, aged nine years who resided
with his mother at Gallitzin, was killed. on
Saturday, Feb. I'd, by train going east.
His body was first found fast in the brakes.
short distance from Bennington, and
was almost torn in pieces; his sled and
a pair of mittens were found where the trai 3
had stopped, at Gallitzin. 1t is supposed
that he had got upon the train for the pur-
pose of getting coal, and of hauling it on
his sled, as he had been seen doing this at
different times before. No person, howey-
e,r. observed him getting on the train on
this occasion.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

ACoUITTAL OF G. V. CULvER.-The
trial of c. V. Culver and James S. Austin,
for embezzlemeut, was concluded at Franklin
ON Feb. 9th. The jury after short absence
returned verdict, not guilty, and that the
prosecutor, John Dufield, pay the costs.
The verdict was received with demonstra-
tions of applause by the audience in court,
and causes general rejoicing.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

U. S. MAIL.-Special agents of the Post
office Department are constantly on the '.go"
to ferret out the many discrepancies that
daily occur under the Randall appointments
of the Bread and Butter brigade A gen
tleman from Gettysburg informs us that sew
eral drafts sent from that place to parties
in Harrisburg are non cst. We hope, for
the benefit of the entire public, the matter
will be thoroughly ventilated d-7elegraph
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

- UERIFF'S SALES.-By virtue Of q
~ writ of Test. Eend. Erponos issued ou.
of the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton county
and to me directed, there will be exposed to sale
at the Court house in the borough of Clearfea
on SATURDAY, the 2Sd day of FEBRUARY,
1867, the following described Real Estate, to wit
All of Defendants interest in and to certain
tract piece of land situate In karthaus twp ,
Clearfeld county. Pa, containing one hundred
and four ac: es, of which is cleared and UNDER cuh
tivation having thereon erected grist mill.saw
mill, blacksmith shop, dwelling house and barn :
ad joining lands of John Eiselman, John Heis and
others. Seized, taken in execution, and to be
sold as the property of James Rough.
Jan 80 1857 JACOB FAUST, Sheriff
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

1t Is reported that Gov Curtin, and fam
lily. will sail for Europe about the end of
February-that he expects to be absent
about three months, and will extend his trip
to ltaly-and that on his return he will re- To-
cate at Bellefonte.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

ACCIDENT. Edward Gemberling, Jr, of
SeliDssrove, whilst engaged in duck shoot
ing upon the Susquehanpa river, near that
place, was shot by the accidental discharge
ef his gun. The ice giving way, for some
reason, he threw his gun short distance
from him when it was discharged and She
contents tnok effect in his side, causing
wound which, in all probability, will prove
fatal
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

John Ward has been appointed Postmas-
ter at Annville, Lebanon county Nearly
all the people of Annville, without distinc-
ton of party, desired that the widow of the
deceased Postmaster, Mr.. Stroh, should re-
ceive the appointment, but their wishes were
disregarded..
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

The terms of the contract resulting in the
election of Garrett Davis in Kentucky, have
been disclosed. The rebel Legislature agreed
to vote for Davis with the understanding
that the Conservatives should support an
active rebel for the next Governor, and that
rebels should be run for Congress in all Con
servatiye Districts of the State.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

Gov. Geary has issued his warrant for the
execution of Alex. r. B. Wiley, of Luzerne
county, on Friday, the 18th of March. Wi
ley was convicted of the murder of Alice Nc
Elwee last May.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

President johnson, on Feb. 5th, sent to
the Senate the nomination of NJ. A. Frank.
of Clearfeld, as Assessor of the Nineteenth
Penn District.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

The High School at Martinsburg, Blair
county, has passed INTO the hands of the AL.
leghany Synod of the Lutheran Church.
Rey.J. W. Schwartz is the present Principal.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

Ihe meteorologists report the month of
January the first in seventy years that has
passed by without thaw. Therewas not
the sign of thaw in the entire mon,b
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
VALUABLE REAL ESTATE
AT PRIVATE SALE.

The subscriber desirous of changing his lOca-
ton, offers for sale the property upon which he
now resides. halt mile east of Pennville consist
ing of about twenty four acres OF land, upon
which are erected a Cottage House and Frame
Bank Barn. and all necessary out building 4
of acre of said lot is paled in for vegetable
and fruit garden and contains about 30 ehOics
fruit trees-standard and dwarf-Peaeh, Pear
Plum and Cherry The situation is most elis
ible one and will be sold on reasonable terms
THeS. w MOORE.
Near Grampian Hills. Jan. %. l967.-6t
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

The Altoona Tribune has been enlarged
to seven column paper, and reitted with
an entire new suit of type. 1t looks we'll.
The Tribune has always been spicy and en-
tertaining sheet, and promises well for the
future
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
ORP HANS COURT SALE
OF VALUABLE REAL ESTATE.

A FARM AND TAVERN STAND ~ BLooN TOWNSHIP.
CLEARFfELD COUNTY, Pa.
By an order of the Orphans Court of CIearfeId
county the undersigned trustee appointed by the
Court, will expose to public sale, at the Court
House. IN the BOROUGH of CLEARFIELD, on
SATURDAY, MARCH 9TH, 1867,
all that certain tract of land situate in Bloom town.
ship, Clearfeld county, Pa bounded and deserib
ed as follows, to wit:
Beginning at post formerly a hemlock
now DOWN the same being corner of other land
OF James Bloom, thence south one hundred and
ninety three perches to post. thence west one
hundred and thirty-fve perches to chestnut bush
thence north by land of Mcclure, ninety three
perches to white pine, thence west fifty seven
perches TO pile OF stones, thence north one hun
dred perches to a white oak, thence east by lands
of George Roberts & Co.; one hundred and nine
ty-two perches to place of beginning. containing
one hundred and eighty-six acres and one hun
dred and sixty perches. Saving and ex-
ceptng nineteen acres and one hundred and nine
perches, which James Bloom, in islifetime con-
veyed to Mary Ann Lines, by deed dated March
29th 1851, recorded in deed book "H,' page 35I \
being part of larger tract of land No 56SI sur.
veyed for Joseph Feason in pursuance of a warrant
dated September 18th, 1874, and the same premi
ses conveyed to the said James Bloom in his life
time by Alexander Cook, by deed bearing date
the 23d October 1854, recorded in deed book up
page 81.
On the iand Is the large frame Tavern stand oc-
eupled py non. James Bloom in his lifetime :;
being directly On the Susque hanna and ater rfoTd
turnpike and most eligible location for business
TERMS Of SALE.-One third IF .ha r,b.s.
money to be paid in cash. one third in one year,
WIN interest; and the remaining third after the
9sat1 ps OF Mary Bloom. widow of Hon James
pIoom' dec d, with interest payable annually to
es he curing her life The two last payments to
De secured by bond and mortgage on the premises
req. i5,lS57 SAM'L MITCHELL Trustee
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

TURNPIKE ELECTION.-The stoci
l. holders of the Philipsburg and Suseue,
hanna Turnpike Road Company. will take notice
that an election will be held at the office of said
company, in Philipsburg. on Monday the 4th day
of March. 1867, to elect five managers for the sl.
suing year. By order of the Board,
Feb 9, 1867 b HARTSH0RN, President
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13
DRUGS AND CHEMICALS.

Also Patent Medicines of all kinds. Paints. oil',
Glass Putty, Dye-stuffs. Stationary To bacco and
Sega-s, Confectionery, Spices and larger stors'
of varieties than ever before offered in this place
and warranted to be of the best the market a.
fcrds Inspect their stock before purchasing
elsewhere, and theyfeel warranted in saying that
you will be pleased with the qualify and price o.
their goods Remember the place MossoP Old
stand on Market ST De-. 6, 1865.
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

| 900 BUSHELS of choice BEANS for sale at the
- store of IRWIN g. HARTSHON
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

FARM AND TAVERN STAND ~ ELoow TowxsH1P.
CLEARFIELD COUNTY Pa
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

IN BARRELS New Dried Peaches halves !"
lU sale at WRIGHT Il FLANIGAN2 .
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

By an order of the Orphans Court of Clearield
county the undersigned trustee appointed by the
Court will expose to public sale, at the Court
House, in the BOROUGH of CLEARFIELD on
Raftsman's journal. [volume] (Clearfield, Pa.) 1854-1948, 1867-02-13

PAETING ROPES, (alI sizes,l for sale ssln9ip a. &
III Feb. 6, 1867. JP. KRATZEha :
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1867-04-11
Notice TO Mechanics.

True copyt-Tcst:
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