The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-10-07
ITALY.


ITALY.
Accounts from Italy are very meager and un-
satisfactory. One day the cable dispatches an
nounoe that the riots have been suppressed,
while on the next We are told that the rising
has been widespread and serious, and that the
military have been unable toquell it. Particu-
lars By the mail will doubtless throw further
light upon the subject. 1t certainly was bold
step on the part of the government to bfrest
aAnlBxlpl Wsdoubt not the ihsarrsction or
riots haSebeens suppressed ere this. Still the
revolutionary fire is smdAldering-it has not
beep--it cannot be extinguished. We have seen
by de letters .GAa1pAIp1 has addressed to hip
frfendss from behind the bars of his prison, that
he does not relihquish the hope Of being able
ito create party of action" who will carry
out his'putoose Of uniting Rome with the king
dom of Italy. Dntil that is done, GaR1BAIDI
oonceites that his mission viii not have bDn
accomplished.
The position of the Italian Government at
present is full Of perplexing difficulties ft
yield to the popular wish, which has been re-
peatedly proclaimed in Parliament, that
Rome snuuIu uepIsar rso,J, tr'vu .
conflict with France is inevitable. If, on the
other hand, the government carries out the de-
mands of NAPOLEON, it will lose more and more
the sympathies of the people, which have been
for some years in process of alienation; and
will probably not be able to maintain it's ar-
thority, except by resort to violent measures.
The ministry still hope that the force of cir
cumstanses may induce both the Pope and the
Emperor NApoLEoH to make concessions. They
announced some time ago, as will be remem-
bered, that Italy oannot'much longer continue
to play the part of sentinel for the Pope, and
keep up a large force to guard the Papal from
tier, at ruinous expense; something therefore
must be done, to put an end to this unnatural
relation ofRomeand Italy. Their remonstrance
lately made to France was found reasonable, and
the French Government agreed to make another
attempt to induce the Pope to come to on un-
.derstanding. with Italy. But as long as the
Pope knows thst dependent upon
the good will of the French clergy-must, and
will protect him, he will not agree to any COM
promise with the Italian Government, having
ia view the ,annihiiation or limitation Of his
temporal power; and will continue to refuse to
acknowledge the changed condition of affairs.
In addition to these foreign complications,
the internal condition of Italy is full Of difficult
ties. Apart from the fact that but recently
several different States, with conflicting ideas
and perhaps conflicting Interests, have been
united there sre to-day three political parties
in the country. The first, which rs the party
Of the Government, representing the ideas Of
enAnLrs AnPeRr, GIoasnTI, yIcroR EMAsut1,
and CAvoun: the second the clerical party.
also called "reactienary" and "ultranon-
tame" seeing no virtue in the Government;
the third the revolutionary party, or, as they
style themselves, "the party of action" almost
as bitterly opposed to the Government as the,
second. The Government thus finds itself be-
tween two fires at home.
Iu6 lSlIeT VI tuduho ecAt Wy VIC Wv ~
France, for the arrest Of GARIBALDI, will be
regarded as an insult to Italy. GARrBALD1s
project for the invasion of Rome was stayed
by vIeToR EMANUEL, and GARIBAIDI himself
arrested by the Italian Government; then why
should VICTOR EMANUEL be ignored, and the
acknowledgment made to the French Govern
ment? ITALY has carried out faithfully the
conditions of the Convention of. September; but
the Pope gives her no credit for it. He knows
that France forced the Italian Government
into this action, and thanks NAPOLEON that he
is still opposed, as he was at the close of the
Austro-Sardinian war, to the national unity Of
Italy.
This letter of thanks has deeply offended the
Italian feeling of nationality, for it lays bare
all the difficulties of the situation. 1t exhibits
to the world the importance of Italy, notwith-
standing all she has accomplished during the
past seven or eight years. It is not 30 much
impatience of ecclesiastical rule, as hatred of
foreign influence in the heart of their country,
which makes Italians desirous of debarrassing
themselves of the secular power Of the Pope.
They demand Rome as their capital. Until
that is secured, they cannot look upon anything
that has been accomplished thus far as
fnality.
Besides these political differences, Italy is
suffering much from depressed financial con-
dition, growing out of the expense of the late
wars, the repeated failure Of the crops, the
poverty of the people, .and the want of conf
dence inspired by the disordered condition of
affairs Destitution in the masses, thousands
of men out of employment, many of whom
haye been trained to the use of arms under the
standards of the King and GARABALDr and
general agitation, combine to form in Italy
party ready to undertake any enterprise which
appeals either to their interests or to their
passions. The King, standing as he does be-
tween the TWO extremes, may find himself
obliged to yield to one or the other, or be
crushed batween them. The ''party of action"
being the stronger of the two, and af6liating
more nearly with the Government, would ne
,essarily suggest itself to him as the party to
be chosen. If compelled to make such a choice,