The New York herald., 1867-01-31
THE GREEK AND THE TURK.
Greece Under Turkish Tyranny atrocities OF
Their Condicts-viows Of tho Late Professor
Fclton.

Their Conaicts-views Of the Late Professor
Fcltsa. ,oav
Ths late Professor Felton, Of Harvard College, was tho
standard American authority on Greece, both ancient
ana modern; and no man. mot native OF tho HeIeni
SOIL either our own o. In other lands took deeper
enthusiastic interest In everything that con-
osrn Cd her. He living library OF Grecian htera'
ture. profound student OF her history, master OF
her tongue. sve foot Of Grecan soil was holy land 70
him. But he was not moro bookworm. He took an
interest lively her modern struggles for ndepend-
ent nationality in her ancient contests aganst the
hosts OF xerxss His lectures delivered few years ago
before tho Lowell Institute. contain the ablest
abstract that has hitherto been given Of the
history of the Grecian contest with tho
Turk, and Of tho causes which made II
bitter 20 long and at length successful He FORE
told the struggle which has nov begun in CANDIDA
struggle venture to predict which will end only
either In the complete extinction Of the Crock in tho
expulsion Of the Turk from Europe. From advanced
proof sheets Of these lectures passing through the
press Of Messrs Ticknor Fields will present
readers with view Of the Greek and the Turk painted
by our illustrious Grecan scholar and phlhelenist,
Professor Felton,
THE ruRKss
The Turks appear history in the sixth century
They arc Tartar race They from the great
seppes Of Northern ASIA at the foot Of the Alta Noun
tains During the eighth century they blended with the
saracens in Persia In the tenth century they held do
minion over Palestine Egypt and Syria In the eleventh
century another tribe arose. subjugated the larger por
ton Of Western ASIA and founded that great empire
against which the Crusaders waged war This tribe Ia
known seljuk Turks.
The Ottoman empire founded ia the thirteenth
century by Ottoman BE built upon the ruins OF the
dor Of hie IL embraced the
Saracons tho Arabs and the Turks he extended his
empire TO the shores Of tho Black Sea hundred and
fifty years before the capture Of Constantinop,e In
1850 the Turkish prince Amursth L, captured Adrla.
nopc and created it the capital of Turkey in Europe
The Of Amurath wagcd wars with the Poles
tho Hungarians and the venstians, and loss than
eight times did tho destines OF modern Europe hang
trembling in the balance Wa
oATTURR OF CONsrANnHoPIz.
Mahomet IT. succeeded TO the imperial power in 1451.
He accomplished learned, highly gifted monarch
but ptiless cruel, Icentous and imnovable as fate
he permitted nothing 70 thwart his will He determined
to capture Constantnoplo. Whom tho ambassadors Of
the Emperor Constantinc offered to pay him tribute
II he did not refrain from building fort on the Euro
pean short or he Bosphos no threatened 70 DAY alive
any ono VINO would daro 70 bring him such-a menace
agan Poor Constantine did his best TO savc his capital
BE even effected union Of che Eastern ana westsfn
churches tAat end bat the hatred OF The Greeks fcr
the Latin CHRISTIANS defes.ed his design. instead of
sposate Tho noted eceiesastic, who VA Allsrwsrds
Patrarch declared that he would rather seo The fhAn
Of the zusks ruling in thc city than the nitro q the
Latina HO had his preference Rrati0ed. On May 90
l45S ConstantinopIe toll The Emperor was aain The
Greek commander fell. There gallant resistance
no avail Says Professor FELTON, -
s'About noon the sultan madc hts tffumphl e1try by
s gate q s y q @
the cnuch he ordered Mooah TO ascend the bona and
announce 70 tho hussulmans that - Sophia was now .
He ordered the body Of tho Emperor 70 b sought his
hcad 70 be exposed 70 The people and Afterwards 70 %
pa clues Of tho ottoman empire For three days the
CITY given up TO the indescbabie horrors Of pllage
end :s ne ssss s,s sss g ss Z. .s e ;s ss
and rank only insured 70 their poss the sad lot q
conversion to the Mohamedan faith. Many families
were utterly destroyed The Grand Duke Notaras
s%ps sns refused s % comply @ a. q Ss h ss
tan that his youngest con souid be seat 70 become
page r ..s palace .: sas.sc s' q: a. .osa
!: 5, Dscs ana Pr no
ss. . meet ssn yS ss hs.
q chapel for momenrs prayer calmly sabmttsd 70
ss sw s ~ q, ne ss r.
DEATH malc chdsu placed In the schools OF the
Janizacs and the females shut up In the harem Of tho
PERMANENT ksrAyta1gMnr OF rURKnr N nrRorA
Thus pershod the Iat q the byzantine smpesom and
Srs @ ss wSos s .asr
Tho Koran does mot imperatively command
Tho a.s.rus.isn :. W q unss!svins dossj y y
madc tributaries end sIaves" Mahomst ordered the
Christian clergy 70 s.ect successor 70 the patriarch who
astic who preferred The Tusk 70 Lstin priest The
sultan eveu profssed interest In ChrstiAnity forbade
b.: ss9 e . Or e. y d, s"s and
ssch aoA This policy caused many who haA len he
city 70 return Their property was partially restored to
from different PARTS OF his dominion 70 Con.
sansinope by perzsns In this policy be restored the
But wss Grcoan cisy no ionxsr alIosques nina
rss fcuntans and tombs had boon consecrsd IN every
quarter moro than fery OF the most splendid Christian
churches were converted into mosques and stamboui
became the picturesque Oriental oHy e We behold u ss
a. soon a. tbs nav, AZ tho s., Of
reached the Mor is princes sent thc submission TO the
Sui received the price OF annual tribute
withcut resstance almost without exception Greece
now recognized the sceptrc Of the MosIcms
In lass 4eo Instructions broke out in the Noves
and 1t the Isthmus Of Cornth. They were represscd
with hidcous slaughter Unarmed ~ we'll armed men,
women and helpless children remorselsssly put 70
enslavsd the Greek spirit was completely crushed.
FALL or THE kMrTRE oy rREBIzoND.
". srsd With its similar ar Tbs ch unss
were forced 10 emgate 10 Constannope and their
property conAscated and conferred the Ottoman
ofcors. The rsss Of the people were enslaved "The
Sons Of the noblest families remarkable for their personal
beauty, placed - pages n the Sultans serago,
and Others enrolled in the corps Of janixaris
distributed amsng tho soldiers slaves" The Emperor
dethroned, or COURSE and for few years lived In
peace. Suddenly m order came directing HIM 70
braoe the Mosism faith. He refused He put 70
death, with his sevsn sons and his nephew. Their
corpses thrown beyond the walls 70 b eaten by
doGs accustomed" says an eminent author "during
the reign Of Mahomet 70 feed Christian nesh" The
moor Empress Glad hersef In humble garb and
watched over these bodies By day and saved them from
proclamation. A. night they were buried. She had .
daughter Tho Turk seixed Ghe gr and buried her In
his karem Broksn hearted. chldless, widow in pow
erty and In sorow the fallen Empress parsed her days
In prayer until death relieved her Of tho heavy burden
Of life.
Now, IL is necessary TO understand how the Turk es
tabshed himself ~ European power In order 70 COM
prehend tho undying hatred which his presence has
aroused and kept alive in the heart OF the Christian
what the Turk was in the fteenth century he to-day
Tho softsnng influences Of Christian civilization have
never reached him