New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-02-13

heat does not readily pass through glass HENCE II
TS d %aSS S%%S ga from S Within and without
Take instead Of such glass screen pate o. ce an yo S
viii have the phe9openon as to viewing tne
the blaze viii be see-Dut the neat VIII pass Ci ~ 5as "a
transparent TO light SO that through sheet oi Iee O
the surface of lake, when the sun snles upon te
the stones on the bottom receive heat and I'D that man
air bubbles made TO rise constantly t.iousH
large mass of ice rock which Is at some uep'n auer
that in consequence of it the Toek may be exposed ana
% RPaT upon sHPR the SscE bCSr ne
oier that have here the inequalities of the bottom
T EysE o TC @h ie e Bns only
feet below the surface That rock viii be so heated
through the ice that the Ice w melt awdS With
-say bOwdeT for instance or large stone Whch mas
fallen upon the surface Of the glacier a aa w WS
down when comes to this point TheGs the glacier Sons
followed by me operation OF e GGCh be carried o
ward glacier has very different aspects in It's differ
ent parts Suppose we have here illustrating by sketch
Ssey E SG %S5B slopes large SNOWFLAKE
aSpRh tS nh tSe 'q SuaS 81 w above
5000 feet so that everywhere above that level there
per1eta snow resting upon the ground Yet tpat SNOW
has not the degree Of cOmpacness and
sod The lower it is the more is y exposed d To- ' o
the mountain The will be affected less az the gn5
of 5000 or 1000 feet and less ana less US WE go t@er
land the highest in the Berheses0berland, the Jungrau
have been able to trace all these changes Oh e D
that gradually the ice is more porous, anu con COZ,
tains Larger amount OF fragments IN Of the char
acter Of o loose ana partially oenlciIecu SnOm,
and then gradually the condition OF pure snow 0nge,
in The condition Of loose and feathey flakes hut reduced
TO condition resembling frozen sand Such are lne eF
es IN Ss S the Tie 'RS 9
because of the large amount OF particles OF air TR9h
contains in its crystals II we press snow, and eZpe from
dip snow in water and press IL afterward so that
water may replace the air it loses bre and of It's
white appeayanee, and becomes more Transparent. In
TeGr fFSM M SSftces interfering with the transparency
Of the mass the more does it asime greensh or blush
nge and finally when IL is perfectly pure and perfectly
EU a assumes SG deep blue color which Is its natural
color. Water, in ITS natural condition, when "a large
%i's Zee Of Ss aS @ yfy b aS, o yas SS
blue speafah66. 1t is not the result OF the tflecQp
Of the color of the sky, but 1t is its natural color
is overcast when it rains heavily AID perhaps never
does the glacier look more beautiful appear more Train
the particles that in state OF decomposition at he
surface have bepn washed by heavy yains DO NOT imagine
when you have walked TO the foot OF thop and witnessed
the snowy pendor Of their surface In Order to hPye an
idea what the glacier really is You must see 10 under an
possible conditions Of the atmosphere and Just as the Sky
looks differently under different conditions Of ulnna-
different conditions OF agt9dOn Just so does one ana the
same glacier look differently When 1t has been melting
il looks Ike whered mass OF sn0w-it looks like de-
composed accumulation of dirty street snow after II has
been melting for time ON the contrary let heavy
rain fall upon it, ana then all its surface becomes fne the
dirt washed away and its glowing coor7 are brought
out dunder these circumstances should attempt 10
them, II you want 10 them % the best advantage
There are some phenomena connected with the trans
formation VI into ice, that glacier may be
formed, which are peculiar, and the results OF winch
cause sucn enangss upon the ground upon WhfI ,he
Oguzed al all times lWil represent two glaciers IA two
different positions, so that may give you some idea "
| "A
have here nllnstrntlng the mountain slope; here the
bottom Of tie valley and here the surface Of the glacier
which rise ron the sides Of the glacier viii suppose
that that valley 5000 feet above the level OF the sea-
that the surface Of the glacier is 500 coo feet above
the bottom of the yaleythat Is, the glacier has thick
nes of 500 or 600 feet Will suppose too that there
say 1000 feet Of peaks rising above its surface Now,
will represent the glacier In profile, com
ing down from the mountain into the valley, this being
the bottom Of the valley santug from the summit OF the
mountain toward the Owand will represent here the
surface covered with and gradually covered with
OF icy character extending down In this way
trhtions upon the blaokboard viii also represent the
same as seen nom the surface so that We shall have as
geographical map OF the glacier suppose That
represent here the triangular pTonOntOy OF mountain
chain here another mountain chAin and here third
mountain chain. Here Is valley and here is another
valley This valley Is occupied By glacier hardly
yet transformed into compact Ice, but already
having lost IN measure It's snowy character.
This valley is occupied by another such aceumu-
character of ice These two arms Of the glacier here meet
together and form one great glacier occupying TINS
these two valleys What will take place hffei From all
THOSE nouftAln SIDES there constantly taing Dlo.ks
IN iEEfs II tSaSe y ne disntcgfaton Of the
rock; and OF stone OF considerable dimensions
may drop down. sometimes as high as house and
sometimes Of smaller dimensions. All these masses
will be arrested rs they reach the bottom OF the
these Of rocks, the results OF the dsntegraon
which is continually going on as ali mountains are con
gat6D immense masses are rolling down at all times
We find that inc! mass OF lqose ateIal. anu DOwI.eI
represent here ali Kinds Of rocks Accumulated mon tho
edge OF the glacier CONSEQUENCE Of this process Of
these tStKs be arresedl Here, at t61 point Of con.
tact between the zee 2nd the rock must say
the glacier erched-hgher the middle than ip the
centre YOu sseat once BY ths SHOULD be so. Jhe $40
shining against The walls will heat tho walls and o. the
point Of contact With the there g higher tnfpera
ture than Of distance from IT, Tho natural coDse
II melted down and IL rounded Of while the center re-
mains permanent. Now, when masses Of TOcR fall down
between the snoa and the rocks; ana we have gen,
orally here at the junction, between the stone
ITSELF these accommodations of rock and they are some
tunes extensive that they form walls OF 90 or 100 f
r fw a 4. e Go %e n az s sSg sea e
mutations and these boWideI3 are fragments which
The whole OF these accommodations OF loose materials
which fall upon the surface OF the glaciers are angular
powders Now the whole glacier moves and moves at
special rate. IL moves for various reasons. In the
first place, because Of the slope; but That il not
we olall presently soc, Tue Cdust
I'm consequence OF the subsistence Of the mass OF snow
which Is gradually accommodating IT moves III cOlse-
queuCe Of the freezing Of water resulting from flowing
and which, while freezing, expands You al know that
frozen water occupies more space than liquid wafer II
allow 10 freeze in bottle which 10 COfed the
bottle will burst because ice occupies more space than
The amount Of water which penoiraes the ice Of
glacier and penetraes through IT, Is not only that which
rAsuts from the melting of the ice; but when
ever, instead Of showing, it rains upon the gla-
cier, the rain penetratcs into all the holes
and assures ice sinking until It is arrested by the
snow and then, of course in the course OF time II VIII
freeze and in freezing II Will expand, and the natural
consequence Of expansion Is motion. The motion must
take place fine direction Of the least
down the valley and the natural consequence Of all this
il that no glacier is stationary mass OF ice but is an