New-York tribune., 1867-03-21
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
pAyPss ARCTIC EXPEDITION.

eCntans the record, suggesteu I'9'A "
while acting as surgeon in Dr. Kane "
The Arctic Regions in 1888. lie conceived the lue"
a. nnrsning the line of discovery the north coast
"a GroonIand and Grinnell Land which had been at
Iempted by previous navgators, and pushing on MS
,v,lorotons in the direction Of the Great Polar sea-
A. was not till the Summer Of 1850 that he was en-
abled 10 complete his arrangements for the arduous
sovaee. and in the month of July OF that year ne
allied from Boston IN the schooner United States,
vhich had been purchased for the enterprise. lie
reached the coast of Greenland without any remark
able adventure toward the end of July, ana III the
sAE IN part of September secured WinterquarteTs III
xnpg little harbor in Smiths Sound, lat 49, about
twentv miles in latitude from the WinterquaTters Of
Or. Kane. After senes of peulous enterprises on
Me Arctic coasts he returned TO Boston in October,
lel having devoted about fifteen months to his bold
and in many respects fortunate researches III the
regions of Polar Ice.
The central point of the expedition was ITS arrival
t the shore Of the Polar Sea, in latitude 81 81 or
abOnt five hundred miles from the North POle' MS
took place on the 18th of May 1851 The observations
of Dr. Hayes at this place confirm the statements oi
Dr. Kane and furnish us with more precise ana ac-
Eurate ideas concerning locality of such profound
geographical interest. The Polar Sea extends about
Abe North Pole of the earth with an average dlame-
her of more than two thousand miles. Ii is almost
part are well defined the north coasts Of Greenland
And Grinnen Land which projects farthest into 1T,
being alone undetermined TOacertain extent, these
azores are a uniform distance from the Pole and are
everywhere within the region of perpetual frost.
They are inhabited everywhere 10y people OF the same
race who live exclusively by hunting and fishing,
and make attempt to gain subsistence 1roLh !ne
III me long line Of coast On which dwell these
Itetie no,nadS is interrupted in three principal
,faees through which abe waters Ot tho F0lar sea
mtnVIe with the waters of the Atlantic anu ia''''o
Deeans-these breaks being Batln Bay, behflhg
Rtrait. aud tlr broader opening between Greenlah"
and NoyaZrmblA The waters ot the fole are con
.tautly displaced by the waters 0f the equator :"
shat the great body "f The former rs never cieu J."
within several degrees 0f the freeing point H'h'e
ihe whole region is tempered win warmth ah"Ne
that which is otherwise natural Z" H. ihe SURFACE
water only reaches low temperature as to ire']e'
when the wind moves tie surface water the PARTICLES
s.bieh have become chilled 10y contact with the ar
mingle i'm the rolling waves with the warm waters
beneath 80 that ice can only form III sheltered
nlaces or where the water IS 81 shallow ilal 81 ne
bomes chilled TO the bottom, or where the an over
The sea is uniformly calm. As the winds h"" as
Eercey over the Polar Sea as in amy other quarter ol
,bs world tbe Polar ice covers hut small part OF
.he Polar water heing found only where NJ Is nnistd
and protected by the land. IL clngs To the coasts "i
Piberia hugs the American shore. fills the narrow
channels which drain the Polar waters INTO haih
Ray crosses thence to Greenland, from Greenland 10
spitzbergeu. and from STtzhergen 10 NovaIcmha'
investing the Pole with "a uninterrupted belt of Ice
rlineing TO the land, more less broken as well IA
Winter IA IN Summer but with It's fragments ever
moving TO and fro forming barrier which has thus
ar been impenetiable 10 the ants aud energies "I
Although the Expedition Of Dr. Hayes has added
ut little TO the store of knowledge accumulated 10y
the discoveries of previous uayigato>. the deScup
bon oi his voyage and ioumeyiugs upon the Ice is
iun Of interest and forms one of The most attractive
ilaptess in the history of peIilous adventure. After
getting fairly settled in their Nmter-quaitels' the
zee soon closed around the little party. The com
nissariat Was well provided for. They celebrated
yber entrance upon Winter life on the first OF Odo-
Ser by holiday dinner. The ncsH WAS Oh liberal
lenle including 4 tOoihsnme show 0l Arctic dellca-
pies The soup WAS followed bya Upelnavik salmon,
and the table rroancd under mammoth hannch OF
genison, which Was ilanked 10y iagOut of rabbit
Ind "A Venisom paSty. Equally cheerful WAS the
prospect for the More than dozen carcaSSes
NJ reindeer were hanging in the suOudS Rabbits
and foxes were suspended in clusters from the rig
ging. The hunters rarely came home empty y-handcd.
Il Reindeer in herds Of tens and fifcs reported
every return of the SpouSIneu. The flesh Of about
twenty animals bad been cached on The hunting
grounds besides those which bad been brought on
board. Dr. Hayes Killed three with his own hands IN
single hour Both men and dogs had sn ample allow
snee. The dogs. about thirty iu number were very
Tayenons and having been mnch reduced 10y their
hard life mt sea- often devouTed whole reindeer at
neal Luckily, however according 10 Esqumaux
rustoin, they were fed only every other day. These
animals were pack OF mad demons, and drive
with them the ice was worse than the wild
huntsman's chase OF one days sport we have
tVely account.
Tbad today most eXhiaratIug ride, nd very salts
iaei9ry day WORK H'l' mp 'ne tlGid 100 nc H"fnus
lies directly north "f the lpIbor. aud forms the tcruu
;rom two to four wide Jensen WA my driver. ana have
Rsuperb Turn rnOut,-tvclye dogs and fine scdge. The
lbem strong aud healthy aud they very fleet They
Nbrl my Greenland srdge over The Ice with CELEBRITY
not calculated for weak nerves have actually ridden
efliBd them six measured miles IN twenty-ei igIf
siinuteS and. without stopping to blow The team have
esturncd over The track thirty Souutag and
had race, and beat him 10y four minutes. should ike
have some Of my friends of Saratoga and POnt Breeze
~ here. 10 show them uew stye ~ speeding animals
Dur racers do not require any hlahkelnS aic the heats
race and these traces are ot length 10 Su The ic! Of
tasiy tangied, lht hai OF the outside dogs Is more
ITect and II the team comes npou thin lee, and breaks
through yOur chances Of escape from immersion
proportion L" thc distance rom YOU The traces are all of
he same length. and hence the dogs side by side and
when properly hdreSsed tler heads M "a lut. Ny
traces measured that the shoulders Of the dogs are
iust 20 feet from the forward part Of the runners
The teapi a. guided solely bv the whip voice The
strongest dogs placed the OBtsde, and the whole
swsyrd 10 richt and LEFT according the whip
salls tht 10 the side the other.
.oaehes the leading d0e. il to do they do
Shey the gentle hint with sufficient alaeity The voice
sds the whip, but IN all emergencies the whip The only
seal reliance Your control the in pro
portion To- your skli IN the use of IT, The lash is about
Jour feet longer than the traces. and tipped with
cracker ~ hard Snew, with which sliu driver
draw b0Od n 80 inclined; and he touch either ~
S animals OH any particular spot that Inay suit his puy