Rutland weekly herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1859-1877, 1867-08-01
New Publication.

By George c. Waring; Orange Judd
g. Co., New York.
We have received from Messrs. A.
Williams g. Co., Boston, neat little
volume of 244 pages, containing many
suggestions of value, especially to the
people of Rutland at the present time,
when the subject of which it treats is
being so thoroughly canvassed in its
bearing upon the health of our town.
1t treats of Drainage in all its relations
to Agriculture, giving estimates of its
cost and the best methods to be pur-
sued in the tillage of land.
The character Of the land that needs
draining and its effects upon the soil
are fully described. The plan OF laying
drains and their cost are also carefully
estimated and the profit derived in in
creased crops and It's uses in facilita-
ting farm work. To farmers it is an in.
valuable work which should be in the
hands of all who have land to cultivate.
The concluding chapters are devoted to
''Malarial diseases" and "House drain
age and town sewerage in their relations
to the public health" Many startling
facts are presented in the discussion of
the question OF town sewerage compiled
from the report made by the General
Board Of Health to the British Parlia-
ment In reference to removal Of nuis-
ances and the prevention of disease. If
our space permitted, we would transfer
the entire chapter upon this subject
which presents view Of the subject
that could not but commend itself to all
our citizens whether in favor of or OPP
posed to the drainage of our town. AS
much discussion is growing in refer
ence to the expense of thorough sys-
tenn Of drainage, the extract given be-
low relates especially to it's cost:
ait has been found by experiment that
in flat-bottomed sewer, four feet wide,
having fall of eight inches in one
hundred feet, stream Of water one inch
In depth, runs very sluggishly, while the
same water running through Az inch
pipe laid on the same inclination, forms
rapid stream carrying away the heavy
silt which was deposited In the broad
sewer. AS consequence Of this, it has
been found, where pipe sewers are used,
even on almost imperceptible inclina.
tions, that silt is very rarely deposited,
and the waste matters of house and
street drainage are carried Immediately
to the outlet, instead of remaining to
ferment and poison the atmosphere of
the streets through which they pass. In
the rare cases of obstruction which &C.
cur, the pipes are very readily cleansed
by flushing, at 1.-THE of the cost of the
constant hand.work required in brick
sewers.
For the first six or seven hundred
feet at the head of sewer, six inch
pipe will remove all of the house and
street drainage;even during heavy rain
fall; and If the inclination is rapid, (say
six inches to 100 feet,) the acceleration
of the flow, caused partly by the con-
slant additions to the water, pipes of
this size may be used for considerably
greater distances. 1t has been found by
actual trial that it is not necessary to
increase the size Of the pipe sewer In
exact proportion to the amount of drain
age that it has to convey, as each addi-
ton to the flow, where drainage is ad-
mitted from street openings or from
houses, accelerates the velocity of the
current, pipes discharging even eight
times as much when received at inter-
walls along the line as they would take
from a full head at the upper end of the
sewer.
For district inhabited by 10000 per-
sons, II inch pipe would afford a
sufficient outlet, unless the amount of
road drainage were unusually large, and
for the largest sewers, pipes OF more
than Is inches diameter are rarely used,
these doing the work which, under the
old system, was allotted to sewer six
feet high and three feet broad.
OF course, the connections by which
the drainage of roads is admitted to
these sewers, must be provided with
ample silt-basins, which require frequent
cleaning out. In the construction of
the sewers, man.holes, built to the sur
face, are placed at sufficient intervals,
and at all points where the course of the
sewer changes, SO that light placed at
one Of these may be seen from the next