New-York tribune., 1867-10-04
SCIENCE.
Nv,vop,c CuowERs.-M

srSsroTs AND MErEoRic SHowERs-Mr.
,ehvaee has noticed cohee,i"n pe'Esem INN oi
ts.ses sf phcromri lac nI, Nv with lie rrcr-
fcsee Of meteerc showers, the l~r"i " ~ ,t
"hoh VIZ 1S2 leais ats n',T - 1 city ~ fpoH
.,aiy "a very sIui groups tfig oNsefNcp ;u" ~
T.. f ~ - 'JaM,ary NV {" June he had observed
eniy six suiali groups "nu , oe' .,S % iSS 49,
In the year 1913 which Is TIE middle Of me S2
y-srs period. there wasa naSimnn o, spoS. u % nr %
wears ncrud should bc established by f0'Hre "n,'INt
t.ss then a maximum OF mcieolic showers WoHId
e>ur after three years oi ihe usual sNh-i~' nh.
& V,.ihcr this prfiouriy existed before, Ar schWaoo
e.rn decide 6ut hc ~N there appears 10 rave hctu
asemtun of sun-spos in l79s o. and maximum W t1lns
sas,g Of s"t-fiequehsy d"lHg te l"> 80 &C.
seGnd sol TIE n"in"r " The ob'elved fioH, , si,
CT tae OF S1tted surfaces a. observer ~
ttw.be.i i,y which t3e periolicy VIII DO represented
~lIh greater.p precision than b,iorc.
ORNAMENTAL IRoN CAsTINGs.-The Fgrls
Exposition cou'aus samples OF sn, 1fiHeoi& % & |vi% s
~ - known iIin tasGs. mad. ht th' on MIs ~
s..ich have the dcicacy and beany OF outline l we
s-,,J bg.iss and brnze castings The hOfls vi , n"
nl,s Of modern and iu,eval arf, having the tl1II ~
EuHtc IMPRESSIONS ana he hus "a uio>c rnuuS i1r"d
sse eor,efNle uroce~s IT. las hcen c'ncInly bttNFh
that lls ki of made hy mixing WIN 'ne LIZ ,
s.iae mrtaiiCd which MAS tie thtet "l sNl, fit
c-trl more hn1ity and density, bdi tbs Is ho . %
speci' made of iron al"ie ah.i ar e \, s,nt
The lbsrous rcselrcie, ahd Va a. Grsi ,l,
49, tntuggrM tLc,c Wulh,. Ills ntfnlDi . ~ =,
rtred totLc Importance procuring the finest Hnay
cf uioldng sad and 10 prevent far a. r"ss'e tne
s,annIion of ar in the Inold which is drawn IA during
r.. r,,rtss az mutriuR the iiquid metal Ills si'u -
tae ly mi wing nrrd clay with pivrrZrc stidstohe
t,s.ns n.x1uln rorpsiy u h"s ais" iAs ic'ess ~
s-sin wni,h il .sspiial u producing delicate moid
L. related which Illustrates the hil"it"te
a. f,, branch of c aIt. ~. sei0.t, ia cApllilhS me
i.cf Ia Sprc friends WHO dining VIVA ili sem a
f,d napkin from TIE table 10 tie i"un'l'iN ard siVtt
siug cd fhttu casting N.it a correctly IVI'1'i
he rANiations produced Sy the h"c!y"0'eh '"c" VI
t. iihlic. -,
T most important part e q process, however }. tbe
"a tg metal ~ ~rAUtt ntt u - tS D tN
- ysnris To determine The melting lnipl az uH'ttHt
k.d- of mir iron; AID by mixing several tn proper pro
LIONS .c has enabled Way te iDeiii~ la' III
"A ~ viii surprise even practical iron founders io
t-Yn his eNfcrinicuS> proved. that the m'luE p, 9"
samples ~ ca iicJl if0h Iadc III M own 'i"'
Era,q,s varied than So J.. Charcoal iToh tc'-
higher tlnVciaure tDdh coke hNi'
iac arGIi cooling Is greatest IA ne th"
Kua IN mos. eases 10 lns tie greatest density when so'h
4. examining VaiOuS slctiiIcN> ~ casting, NJ Stho
bro;Aght lis aid microscope. ana was tlS e!ia.ieI
ts,..;cct certain dicrchces when theinea abo si' ~
tsied t. explain. ,..,,,,
r sroti aver that all crystals oi iron arc OF double
psr.ld form. having variable AXIS C1ninnt,i Nl'h e
tr-e Of the base. The nncr kinds "f crystalline iron nave
3samds only half the hirt Of these "i ir eo' ses'
safiety The hest quality NJ iron has TIE smallest ci!s
l. ald pvramit. OF the broaoc-t bSc IN ppinrtlrh 20
ts-,r hight Tie lyrafls Ut steel are found Ia vary ID
s.u,. way ncrnftlu. the nature and quality ~ Ht
Esteria Tie uniformity and plrJlielsIn Oi the
l. important elements IN the structure Of steel hc "a
81 EVeSigatiOn has now be1 uIsesl ny NJ Sclott WHICH
A. hid induce tiers extensive operations m lni-
sie,iin. TIE used v him y Lot different iEoh
t.s fuuad IN many other places. IL Is reduced ~ y
Of small charcoal furnaces IN Tie Nciiiy 81 NE
3 brunswick TIE sr'ic ut NJ Sth"t > sntct>s "a
tafiug aud hne castings Hes In the ihet mat Tue
pr,ceSs IL res.Is ei long eclles Oi eeIeu-
e obs rVations.