New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-12-27

pounds.
IMPROVED Process FOR MAKING BEET SUGAR
ICaImGhel Co., sugar redners aud dstllers in -Four
raj years Dubrunfauts apparatus for ltering
srups In which, for part of the usual quantity OF bone
black - substituted sheets Of parchment paper that IT,
luton OF strong sulphurc acid Fifty or sxv sheets
stretched on frames, placed Oneha inch apart
lhus forming series Of narrow cells which arc alter
nately hlled with strip mOlasses and with water.
that every cell filled with srup has water on both sides
trance OF the LIQUID and one above for its exit Tie
liquid heated TO about 1902 Fab, when the
ton or impulse by diffusion through the parchment
paper commences Every two days the operation is sus
pended to clean the apparatus; first with hydrochlorc
acld ana then by steamiet which takes about four or
hVe hours The success Of the whole operation depends
entirely on the most scrupuOus cleanliness One man
and boy will keep large number Of cells in operation,
all they have to do TO regulate the supply of liquid
by means OF stopcocks. The expense OF labor parch
francs per 100 Ioprammes or less than half cent peT
pound Of sugar Mr. Carmichael declares that the expec
than realized as from eight TO ten per cent more of sugar
Is extracted than by the old bonebac process and the
general adoption Of the parchment paper plan would i'm
amount Of sugar manufactured annually not less than
2oOOOO tuns IL Is obtained principally from four dIcr
ent sources In about the following proportion:
Sugarcane. 100000 tuns, Or. IL
Beet..-.-........-.... $4,000 tuns' Or. y 80
Palm. ............ 10000 tuns, Or...... 800
Maple ................. $4,000 tuns, Orr. los
MECHANICAL Properties OF STEEL.-Wil-
liam Farbairn, T. r S. communicated 60 the british As
sOcau0n the results OF aborOus series OF experiments
TO determine the comparative merits Of different kinds
Of steel regards their powers Of resistance 10 trans
verse tensile and compressye strain. In order to arrive
az correct results ne applied to nne Oi me nrst manu-
featuring FIRMS including Bessemer Co. Tor the 81
specimens experimental upon. The experiments com
menced with the transverse strains, which were con
Quoted, as on former occasions, by suspendng dead
weights from the middle Of the bar which supported
at s eXtremes the supports being four feet SIX Inches
apart Immediately over the center Of the bar, al
point eQuidstant from tho supports, wheel and screw
was attached TO scale which the weights placed,
90 at time. After each weight laid on the detection
was taken and the experiment continued until per-
manent set obtained. The permanent set was OBJ
served at intervals In the following After the
detection produced by the load had been asceraned,
the turned to raise the scale aud relieve
the bar OF the load, thus enabling the eXpernener to
ascertain the effects Of the load upon bar register
the permanent set The results OF the experiments on
transverse strains show that within the elastic limits the
reflections are In proportion TO the pressures The bas
generally exhibited very high powers Of resistance TO
transverse strain the value OF the unit Of working
strength being six uns 1t was next shown that taxing
IL uns per square inch the value OF the cOUl
pressiye and tensile resistance Of wroughiron at the
elastic limit the value OF the unit Of working strength is
less than two tuns aud thence it followed that the trans
strength Of these steel bars will be about three and
a half times che strength Of wroughtron bars OF the
same dimensions. He determined the relative value OF
these two materials taking the cost Of iron at 5 per un
and steel AT $50 and found that iron would be about
and third that OF steel In the case on railway bars.
and such constructions beside this saving n the cost Of
material 10 must he borne in mind that the steel rail
would last four times as long as the iron rail .,,.
OF the best specimens with regard 10 tensile strain he
found the mean tenacly per square inch equal 10 ~
Taking per square inch the enaCty 81 the
best English hammered iron It follows that the tcnacity
Of steel bars is nearly twice that OF iron bars.
The results with regard 10 compression show that thirty
two OF the bars supported pressure OF 1907 tus per
square inch while tWeutythce bars Wcro more less
fractured by this pressure. The value Of the unit
OF strength u short columns Is a34 IL calculated
that the work expended In rupturng the material by
compression about five and half times that expended
in rupturing similar material 10y extension The re-
that 20 extension hence II follows that the most economic
form Of steel bar undergoing transverse strain would
be bar with double Ranges, having the area o The bot
tom hdnge about double that OF the top iange.