davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
Preamble and Resolutions,
ADOPTED AT a REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ouNe MEMS BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION

ADOPTED AT A REGULAR MEETING OF TIE
yonNes MEMS BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION
OF NEW ORLEANS
WHEREAS, It has come to our knowledge
that two of the members Of this association
James Hoban and Charles Moore, Jr, we're
MESSENGERS on the Inflated steamer Cuba,
at the time of her explosion in Red klver'
IA and whereas It'll also to our knoWl-
edge that the citizens of Alexandria, La.
received the wounded, provided tor their
wants and administered to their comfort
bestowing particular care upon our aosen'
comrades, be it therefore
Resolved, That the thanks OF this Asso-
citation be rendered to the citizens OF Mex
andria La. and more particularly to Messrs'
Geo. p. Marsh, Frank German Jos. Eel
lows, j. "A. Crawford, Henry Parker, John
Goulden, Levi Stewart, Heymau Brothers
Cant. B. Is. Kouns, Pat F. Flannery and
Mr. Wainwright for their hnman treatment
of our absent members, Hoban and Moore
who we're wounded by the explosion @
the Steamer Cuba, on Monday, November
IL, 1857. -.
Resolved, That the foregoing be, spreac
upon the minutes Of the Association, ant
published in the New Orleans Crescent anf
Louisiana Democrat.
G.. II. BRAUGHN, Chairman.
H. R. SCHMIDT,
- C.KELLAR,
| ANTHONY sAMBoLA,
/ @f tF8 Committee.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
The Late James Hewitt.
From the N. o.. Picayune. I

uAS ~ ~ = NSNS -
We lose another good man and dear
friend ii James Hewitt, who died in this
CITY yeterday morning. ifiia
MIR, Hewitt was at the head Of that ex-
tenslye commercial 6rm, which had houses
in Louisville, New York, Liverpool and
New Orleans: here under the title Of Hew-
fit. Norton g. Co, For many years it |
was highly prosperous under the manage
ment Of Mr.. Hewitt, whose business ca
pacity and energy were unsurpassed. me
house was shaken by the end went
down a few months since, overWheim ea IN
the disasters which broke so many OF the
GREAT cotton houses. These reyerses over
taking man Of nearly three score and ten
after . long career of prosperity, were light
ened to.him by tokensiof sincers sympathy
which were shown towards him 20 every
circle in which he was known, in America
and Europe; and by the recognition every
where Of the unsullied integrity, which he
preserved without faint or suspicion,
through the struggles under which his for
tunes finally sank. From the day when WI e .
the house stopped payment ne had o been
himself to the task Of setting Up II AFFAIRS
and was in cthis engaged iD'that matter
. when death overlook him. His life had
Ibesn one long career Of activity and useful
ness, and he died doing his duty. !,
i Hehas al. wide d circle OF personal
friends as. any private individual 10 the
country. He was known to all the bust.
ness men Of the West and South. andhad
large connexions in the East and abroad;
and by every one who knew him, he was
greatly priced for generous and noble quail.
4 ties. Controlling large means for the
greater part Of his life, he, took large inter
!, prises Of public improvement aided the
,Eyoung man of business generously, anf
gave freely in private to the necesslt at'f
and literally to pubic objects Of benevo Q
, Ience. He was . man Of large mind ant
and large heart. One more or one les
] would seem to count little in the losse
. which this generation is daily called =
), reckon up offs Oldest and best; but y tn
,,ftloss by the death Of such man as Jane
4 Hewitt, d ptincely merchant II has i pros
= pority, and Of % princeIy nature AWAY
:. Imakes a vacancy around which regrets WI
n linger long,
4 h, Mr.. Hewitt was d Kentuckian by brit
re- and leaves a family, resident il IN Loul
d. vile. & Sfts'2e-'1
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
oBfTUARY.

D1ED-On 18Th Nov. at the Family
Residence on Bayou Rapides, Susan
Cordelia Davidson daughter Of the
late Neal Davidson and Martha David
go1-in the 9th year other age.
Little Cordy sleeps the last sleep,
the artlessness and tenderness spring
inc thus early from the depths OF an
aHsctionate disposition, entwined Like
4 tendrii around our hearts, now left
aching by the sad bereavement. Sud
denly ,the,fell DESTROYER reached ont bus {,
arm ian and left us in sorrow.
In veil Of the tomb 80,
Is Inlifs's happy mourning hath hid dir! from
our eyes, 9@S3 \, 1','lS s. ,'s. !,
Ere sin threw light Ger the spirits
young bloom,
Or earth had profaned what was Dorr
from the skies.
Death chilled the fair fountain ere sor
H.. row had stained it;
twas frozen IN all the pure light 9
its course,
| And but sleeps till the sunshine OF heas
en- nnchains it,
10 water that Eden where iifst wa
it's source" 1s.s.. 5seg
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
Negro Juries Abolished.
HEAD'qRs FIFTH MIL'RY D1s'r, |
New Orleans, La, Dec. S; 1867. !
Especial Order No. 2O3.] s.
Extract.

Q. The true and proper use OF military
power, besides defending the national hon
or against foreign, nations, is to uphold the
laws and civil government, and to secure to
every person residing among us the enjoy
ment oflife, liberty and property. Its &C.
cordingly made, by act Of Congress, the du7
ty ofthe Commander OF Districts to protect
all persons in those rights, to suppress dis
order and violence; and to punish or cause
to be punished all disturbers OF the public
peace and criminals. g,s .l
The Commanding General has been offie.
tally informed that the administration OF
Justice, in the courts is clogged, ifnot en-
tirely frustrated, by the enforcement OF par
agraph No. 2, of the military order num-
bered Special Orders l25, current series
from these headquarters, issuedson the 24th
of August. A. D. 1867, relative to the
qualifications Of persons to be placed on
the Jury lists ofthe State ofLouisiana.
+ 10 determine who shall, and who shall
not be Jurors, appertains to the legislative
power; and until the law in existance regu-
lating this subject shall be amended OF
changed by that department Of the civil
government which the constitutions OF all
the States under our republican system
cest with that power, it is deemed best te
carry cut the will of the people as express
yd in the legislative act upon this subject
The qualification Of juror, under TN
law is a proper subject for the decision Q
the courts. The Commanding General, il
the discharge Of the trust reposed in him
will maintain the just power ofthe judicla
ry, and is unwilling to permit the civil au
| thorities and laws to be embarrassed D.
military interference; end as it is an estat
Ilished fact thai the administration OF jus
i Lice in the ordinary tribunals is greatly en-
i|barrassed by the operations Of paragrap
] No. 2. Special Orders No. 125s current ST
\ ries, from these headquarters, tits ordeTe
/ that said paragraph, which relates 10th
I qualifications Of persons to be placed Q
1.-THE Jury lists Of the; State OF Louisiana, !
and the same IS hereby revoked, and tlli
the trial by jury be, henceforth, regulate
and Centralized by the,constitntion and CT
4 Il laws without regard to any military 0
ders heretofore issued from these headqua
tiers. ff,
By command Maj. Gen. Hancock,
i w. G. MITcHEI
e Bryt. 1t. COL, Act. Ast't Adj't Gen.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
q MUM q CO.,
81 Park Row, New York.
NOTICED
RS. AUGUSTA CANFIELD, wi

yl open at her residence on Second
Street, on the first Monday Of January, 1868
a select school for GIRLS, which she
hopes by assiduous care and attention and
aliberai share Of public patronage to devel-
on into Young Ladies' Seminary Of the
highest rank. Particular attention will be
paid by Mrs. G. to the language and man.
ners Of the young ladies placed under her
care, and she will endeavor by every means
to inculcate uniform correctness OF express
sion and the elegant, and lady-like deport-
ment so admirable in the female sex.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18

na The Chicago Journal says that
Southern conservatism is dead lift is,
the Radicals are afraid to pass the grave
yard.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
STATE or IOUISlANA~-PAR iSa Or WlNA..

91AsDistssct C0as,y- c2e5N,s 0D7cf.
NOTICE is hereby given that al the pa
IN pers in the suit entitled G. J. u.
Brown VS.. Elliott. No, bll, on the Docket
of the District Court in and for the Parish
of VIM, have been lost or mislaid since
the January Term, 1857. Said suit was
brought on two promissory notes, one hun
dred dollars each, dated February 2, 1863,
per cent. interest from date saidnotes was
annexed to The petition there was an
answer iledby Defendants Counsel on the
l4th Of January, le67--the Petition was
signed by Daniel Kelly, Attorney, the am
swer by Henry, Attorney.
This December "a, 1867.
J. NJ. MCCAIN, Clerk.
/ / hereby certify that the facts in the.
above and foregoing is CORRECT.
4 decIs-3t. j. NJ. MCCAIN, Clerk.
4 80
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
VS.. }isiana, Parish
KENNETH BAilI1o. of Rapides-

4 S.H-E.RZE.EDS Sd LII.
sAM'n G, COMPTON, Tutor, State Of Lou
e VS.. >l6laDa, faflSn
q KENNETH BAilL1o of Rapides-
Ninth District Gourt-No. 1883.
10y VIRTUE Of an Order Of Sale issued
ID from the Honorablethe District Court
in and for the Parish Of Rapides; State Of
Louisiana, and to me addressed in the
above entitled and numbered suit. Twill
offer for sale to the last and highest bidder,
on
SATURDAY the 4th Of JANUARY, 1863,
between the hours Of II Am, and 4 P. NJ,
|at the residence Of the Defendant, Ken.
meth Baillio, on Bayou Beuff; Parish Of
Rapides, about "a miles from Alexandria,
the following described property, proyis-
sionally seized as the property OF the de-
fendant, to-wit:
Ten Plows. u Set Single Plough Gear,
10 Head Of Beef Cattle, Black Saddle
| Horse, Saddle and Bride, ! Piano Forte,
Bedstead and Bedding, 1 Clothes Press.
Terms Sale: CASH--in u. s:
Currency, subject to appraisement.
A. j. SYPHER, Sheriff.
4 Observation-Disclosures Fee $40 GO.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
the 4th Of JANUARY, 1863,

The STATE iOF LUUlDlANA'
District Court Parish Of Rapides.
4 NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
Succession Of Mrs Felicity Henson; for
Administration, No. 1875. ~
VXTHEREAS, Mary j.. Singleton has
W., made application to this Court to be-
appointed Administrative Of the Succession
Of Mrs. Felicity Henson: Notice is hereby
given to all whom it doth or may concern
to show cause, within ten days from the
date hereof, why the same should not be
granted. SIS
Clerks Office, Alexandria, La, Decem-
Der 18th 1867. s S.
s.a%. j. W. HICKMAN, Clerk.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18

THE PUBIC DEBT. The following
il the official statement Of the public
debt, made up to the list instant :
Debt bearing coin interest 81 BAG, 387, esl so|
Debt bearing cur. interest 1922, 4oV ~
Matured debt not present, I, :, :. !, 4
ed for payment. i4 ,lIo,oo 900 90 %
Debt bearing no interest. 4Oo, o43.5S9 w ~
Tota, Debt 50 ,63s9, 99es, SD So
! M IN the Treas. tn coin lOo,69O,645 60
Amt. in Trees incurrsncy 81 4So.iSa 70
Tata, Sl3s, JIG, $40 %
Debt less cash III the Treas.s sol ,2o5i75l 70
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
L g 60
SCIENTIFIC AMERICANA
J, THE
BEST PIPER IN THE FORD.
A QUARTER CT A CENTURY.
PuBLIsnEp FOR NEARLY

r BENISTdTLN1 N LIE WOhD.
n,,s,,r, no, sr.prv
~ on.muny
A QUARTER GF CENIUKIs
-. ~, s,:, Noor croo+,v an.
VITO spleuu'u NeMsp.pe;; !. S, ~ tha
Mrgea anu lial'.ose ~. ' 70 in ;o,rn
most feiiaple, usslu1s''.r .u.e.s9., l.
ais ever punilsnsu: :, a,ansn,,,, ;llustra.
I'D with several ORIGINAL Enrravings,
leu s.nt;,, 81 Nan 1nven,;ons Novelties in
, Wlpanan;os rr,enitnre, Chemistry. photo-
graphy, Manufactures, Engineering, Sci
ence and Art.
Farmers, Mechanics, Inventors, Engln-
GERS, Chemists, Manufacturers, people IN
every profession of life, will find the SCI
ENrIFIC AMERICAN to be OF great
value in their respective calllngs. Its
counsels and suggestions will save them
Hundreds Of Dollars annually, besides al
fording them continual source OF knowl-
edge, the value of which is beyond pect,ni-
airy estimate. All patents granted, with
the claims, published weekly.
Every Public OF Private library should
have the work bound and preserved for
reference.
The yearly numbers Of the SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN make q splendid volume OF
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18

1llG pIAl1 VI 4VOADAAlSAss sss
District Court Parish Of Rapides.
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT. s7'
Succession Of Jackson ". Singleton, for
Administration, No. 1l27.
WHEREAS Mary J. Singleton has
wv made application to this Courtto be
appointed Administrative of the Succession
,of Jackson II. Singleton: Notice is here
by given to an whom itdoth orsnday con-
Germ, to show cause within ten days from
the date hereof, why the same should not
be granted.
Clerks Office, Alexandra; L., Dseem-
Der the 18th 1867. y .5.,
.. w. HICKMAN, Clerk, !
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18
SH-ERLR,EvS SAZE.

s.B. Boarders will perceived ifde-
sired. Il
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18

By command Maj. Gen. Hancock,
w. g. MIfcHELL,
Bryt. 1t. COL, Act. Ast't .Adj't Gen.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18

dec.18. Il 81
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1867-12-18

yation Of the Union had the legal effect OF
dissolving it. The victory Of the nations
arms was not the disgrace of her policy.
Thedefeat of secession on the battle field
was notthe triumph of its lawless principle
Nor could Congress, with or without the
consent Of the Executive, do anything
which would have theeffect, directly or In
directly, of separating the States from each
other. 10 dissolve the union is to repea
the constitution which holds 1t together
and that isa power which does not belong
TO any department of this Government. o.
toah them united. This is seplain tina
lthasbeen acknowledged by all branche
OF the Federal Government. The Execu
tive, my predecessor, as well as myself, an.
Inc heads Of all the departments, have nnl
,,eefnly acted upon the principle that tn
onon is not only indissoluble. Congress
submitted With an amendment OF the con
sltution to the Southern States, and az
cepted their acts of ratification as q neces
sary and lawful exercise of their highes
Junction. Ifthey were not States, or wer
states cut of the Union, the consent TO
grange IN the fundamental law OF th
Union would have been nugatory, an
congress, in asking it committed a politics
ssspsardIty. The Judiciary has also give
sue solemn sanction of its authority to I'll
same = view of the case. The Judges OF I'll
Sgpleme Court have included the Sout
.sa otates in their circuits, and they o.
s;0lstantly in baac and elsewhere, exercl
.asJulsdiction which does not belong
TIleu, unless those States are States OF Il
unlon 1t the Southern States are eoDap
aeut parts of the Union, the constitute
x i que supreme Law for them, as it is for
;ts other States, They are bound to OBJ
= sae so are we.t The right of the Fede
s;.uogernment, which is clear and unqus
s y to enforce the constitution up
lem,lmplies the corelatiNe obligation
sul part to observe its limitations and {
s ~. It's guarantee. Without the cons
s sa.en We are nothing. By, through q
aaaer the constitution, we are what
iIaaes Us. We may doubt the wisdom 0
law laM, we MAY not approve Of its proyisio
~ we cannot violate it merely because
a esSls TO confine our power within lin
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08
Ladies OF Delicate Constitution

And uncertain health arc strenuously advised to
throw aside the 'nauseous and useless prepara-
tions with which they are accustomed to drug
themselves, and test the hygeian, bouy-and-mind-
strer gthening virtues of HOSTETTER' S CELE-
DRAFTED STOMACH BITTERS. In all the
complaints and disabilities arising from various
causes they will find this cheering, refreshing
and invgorating preparation of extraordinary
efficacy. Its regulating properties are wonder
full, and as remedy for the languor, n,usea,
tremors commissions, hysteria, &c, which often
accompany the development of womanhood, it
has no equal among the prescriptions of the fac
ulty OF advertised medicines. For the many dis
tressing feelings which usher in and often follow
the period of maternity, and also for the painful
and dangerous symptoms which sometimes ac-
company change of lfe," HOSTETTER'S BIT
TIERS are earnestly recommended No other re-
storative seems to suit so well the constitution
and the organization of the feeher sex. In all
cases of Female Debility, where there is a want
of brisk vital action, the BlTTERS produce
most important change-relievng local weak
ness and re-establishing the general health
lebl-lm
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08

DEATH OF Ex-Governor Hunt. The Hon.
Washington Hunt died in New York city, on
Saturday last, after painful illness. He was
born in 1911, and when but twenty-seven years
of age, was made Judge of Niagara county. In
ls43 he was elected to Congress as a W hig, and
served three terms, or SIX years, and on his re
TRACY from Congress he was elected Comptroller
of the State of New York, and at the expiration
Of office WAS chosen Governor. In 1860 he was
the President of the Bell and Everett Conven-
ton, and after the eleation in that year attached
himself to the Democratic party and represented
his congressional district in the National Demo-
cratic Convention which nominated Mcclellan
and Pendleton, at Chicago, in 1864.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08

THUNDER STORMS. On Saturday night a
thunder storm of unusual severity passed over
this neighborhood, but we have heard of no
damage from the lightning. 1t played along
the telegraph wires considerably, and cut great
many pranks in and around the operators Office,
but did no damage of consequence. During the
storm the rain fell in torrents but strange to say,
Notwithstanding the quantity ofrain that fell. and
the melting of the snow thereby, we have heard Of
very little damage from high water. The water
rose considerably in Deer Creek, breaking up
the ice and carrying away The Stafford Mill dam
and the bridge which crossed the creek at that
place.
On Winters Run we are Informed that the
damage was confined 10 the destruction of a few
fences, and some little damage to Mr.. Wmtakcr's
mill dam. To have seiehing one day and a
violent thunder storm the next, is not very COM
mon in this locality, but it happened on Friday
and Saturday last.
We were visited again on Monday night, with
a like storm, but Of much less violence. 1t was
natural TO suppose that in consequence of the fro
zen condition Of the ground, and the melting of
the snow, that streams would generally have
been very high but such We ARE informed, has
not been the case.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08

THE LYcErM.-Some of our young men have
established Debating Society in this place,
which seems TO promise success. We understand
that it is well attended and discreetly conduit.
ted, and that some Of the discussions are quite
interesting. 1t is said that many of the young
gentlemen give promise of future usefulness and
prominence. We wish them much success, and
hope that they may find much benefit from their
association. Debating Society is very good
and useful thing, when properly conducted, but
when msmanaged, no good results Can be expec
ted from it.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08
Death of Judge Chambers.

On Wednesday, the 3Oth of January 1867,
Ezekiel F. Chambers died suddenly, at Chester
town, where he was born on the 2Sth of
February, 1888, and consequently lacked but
twenty-six days of being iour-score years of
age at the time of his death. He graduated at
Washington College, in 1906, and was admitted
to practice as an attorny in the town where he
was born, and died in the year 1908
In the year 1926, Judge Chambers, who was
then a,mn"'H-- "r tic Senate of Mary laud. was
appointed 10 fill vacancy III the United States
Senate, and was afterwards elected to the same
position, where be remained until 1885. During
his service in the Senate, he was associated in
that body, then the admiration of the world ,
with Randolph, Webster, llayne and Forsythe,
with whom, says cotemporary, he occasionally
broke the lance. In 1884 he was appointed
,Chief Judge of the second Judicial District, and
as consequence, TO seat upon the bench of the
Court Of Appeals, where he remained until the
adoption of the~State Constitution, in 1851. He
was also member of the Constitutional Conven-
tons Of 1851 and 1864 in each of which he
greatly distinguished himself, as pan ofextra.
ordinary capacity. He was the President OF the
Board of Visitors for the Washington College for
more than forty years. and occupied for many
years an enviable position in the Protestant Epis-
copal Church.
In the war of 1912, when the British forces
were in the Chesapeake Bay, they were repulsed
at place called Bel Air, by the militia under
Colonel Reed. In this engagement, Judge Cham.
bers, who was then a Captain, is said to have
behaved with great gallantry, and subsequently
attained the rank of Brigadier General. AS a.
lawyer, he had few equals was an able debater
and cogent reasoner, and was prominent actor
in the great case of Prigg against the State of
Pennsylvania, in which the right to recover fu-
gitive slaves, under the United States Constitu-
ton, was involved.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL JoURNAL.-The Beautiful
Princess Of Denmark and the Young Czarwiteh
Of Russia; Eminent American Divines includ-
ing the Reverend Doctors Stevens, Thomas, Dur
bin, McClintock, Morris, james, Simpson, Whe-
don, Ames, Mast Elliott, and Haven also,
Hon. J. NJ. Howard, Capt E. B. Ward, and Kcri-
Kerr, an Austrian Cannibal: 'tYour Likeness"
by Rev. DR.. Weston SelfGovernment Pope's
Essay on Man, etc., in February number Phre-
biological Journal. Only 20 cents, or So year.
Address Fowler & Wells, $50 Broadway, New
York.
The Asgis g. Intelligence, and chronological
Journal will be sent to subscribers for So per an
mum.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1867-02-08
Heavy Land Sale.

Mr.. William N. Ady, living near Mill Green,
in this county, has lately sold for E. S. Rogers,
ESQ.,, owner of La Grange Iron Works, tract of
between three aud four hundred acres of land,
called "Mine Old Fields" for the sum Of So, 900.
He also sold of his own tract the mining right
of 80 acres, called "Iron Ridge" to Saylor &
Spencer, of Philadelphia, for 81, 200.
A few days since the same gentleman sold
another part of "Iron Ridge" containing As
acres of land, Ito New York firm for $4,000.
cash. These lands lie adjacent 10 each other, and
are located near Mill Green, in this county, and
are SAID to be rich with iron ore.
Besides these tracts Mr.. Ady owns still
another large parcel of land in theeame vicinity,
which is also regarded by good judges as con-
tanning immense quantities of valuable ore. In
deed, this neighborhood has been long known as
a section of country very valuable on account OF
the mineral wealth of its SOIL Besides this, it is
fine farming land and much of it in good state
Of cultivation. The great wonder is, that
they were not bought up long ago by some en-
terprising iron manufacturer or other, located as
they are in the most healthy part Of the county,
and equally easy of egress and ingress. We be-
lieve that they have not been really in the mar
ket until lately This is one of the largest sales
of lands and minerals combined, which has ta-
ken place in this county for some time.