New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-11-20

country; and secondly as declaration OF seneVuelg
rts IN which Tins severance justified, ard n 10 new
nation was founded II is the united colonies that are
declared TO he free ana lnutptnaa stateS I'll III o
cItafrd e0lli with certain inalienabe rights, ana u3t
70 secure these nights governments are inSt'ueu ~ ts
men, deriving their just mowers nom tie CONSENT on !g
governed Here that American Cpinlnohweaih!
the image OF Rational 1hy tC'galeu 10 n.i, he
which had enchanted 'A NSi1l oI 'n ear! 80 ~
.oIIrt new safeguards for liberty. Here was new ma,
tiop vlh new promises and covenants, such ~ Iltu
never been made before Inc constituent ahliIy iroh
which n proceeded the people The rights whlGh
If prdn.ed ard covcnanted were the equal rights OF Az
ot The rights of Encsmen, but the rights OF man 1t
Is ON this account thct Confederation hasiis great mean
Source Of fight to the world. Wen might The s,n have
stood su on that day 20 witness kindred lunnary us
n assembled into tho sky. in this sudden transformation
where was the sOvereigrtyf
pENATIONAIIZING EXPERIMENT or CONFEDERATION
Only few days after the great Declaration IN ne name
OF the people, Articles Of Confederation were DrOusb
forward in The name Of tie States" These were cyl
bandWurns of John Dickinson. then delegate from
Pennsylvania whom the eldest Adams calls the beIl
against the Declaration. IL natural that an oppo
nett OF the declaration should idYor system Whlch lo
hastc 10 establish state Rghts These articles were not
readily adopted There was hesitation in Congress- any
March, 17ol Maryland gave her tardy adhesion ana hs
shadow OF government bf2an IL vas plilu sl5nS !,
We were nothing but league" Of states; ana our ma
tOn instead of drawing it, qnckeunS lie from the
good people, drew it from combination OF aiilncn
bodies instead of recognzngthe constituent soyegny
Of the people by whose voice Indepedence was 9eealeu
and 10 complete the 6rmistug transformation, the M
una name was called % the style" beng term when
denotes sometimes title and sometimes coPartnershn III.
stead Interchangeable unity Suc an apoStGcy cOldhoI
succeed Even before this Gcnationalizing framework
was adopted It's failure had begun. The Confederation
became at byword and sorrow: IL was h0t ~
arrested an the nntiOna activities. Each State played
the part Of the fcndal Chieain absorbing power 10 lse
and DENYING il 10 the mutton Money could not be col
eced even for national purposes Commerce couiu no.
be regulated. Justice cOnld not he administered Rights
conid NOT he secured Congress was without c0ercve
M
National unity impossible and In us steI9 vas a
many headed preteson The country was lapsing INTO
Efforts FOR NATIONALITY.
There were two voices which in THIS darkness maze
themselves heard, both speaking for National UNITY on
the foundation of Human Rights. The singular accord
guage and in the date Of uteance attcsts concert OF
action One voice was that OF Congress IN an address Oh
the close Of The way, bearing date 18th april 1885, where
after calling for larger powers In order maintain the
public credit it said In words worthy OF companion
Ship with the the immortal DecaIauOn " Lev ~ ne re
cmbcrcd that it has ever been the pride and boast OF
America that The rgs for triet SIC eoaeRdca EGIe ~e
rigtis Of hWmaH nor1e The other voice was that OF
Washington, in general order, also bearing GATE lsh
April 1888, announcing the close OF the war Where Her
declaring his "rnpture N mo prospects DeioIe ll6 S
Try be says, Happy, thrice happy shall they De pro
n6unced hereafter who have contributed anything VINO
have Performed the neanes Once ID eiectS u.is
d9 fabric Of freedom ana empire; irhO hfe dS3iSd az
followed bv circular letter TO the Governors dated at
Headquarters, WHERE aiter saying ,ha' ~, was II me ne
as nation" Wasii gton proceeds % name first among
% The states under head and he adds also that
politics" ara that Liberty" mast DO at the foundation
OF the whole structure. soon nfierward appearing before
Congress 10 surrender the trust committed To nm as
commauder-i1chef. Ire hailed the United states as a
"natiuu,' and also as "Our dearest county thus en-
bcug the whole his heart, Tor years he had
defended the whole by his prudence aud yaor An Incl
dc of different character testified TO The CONSCIOUS
settled at the begHmg OF the war, and wrcstcd from
tie British crown by the common blood ana treasure
was claimed common property, subject 10 the dispo
eOn of Congress for the general good. One by One tho
states yielded their individual claims The cession OF
of tie Ohio fertile and rich beyond Imagination whore
are prosperous states reloici.c IL the Union; All
these ccssiOlls the condition that the lands
"slouid Dc disposed OF for the common loncht and Ice
settled and formed into distinct ,rt6hetl St7fes" Here
was National act with promise Of republican govern
rcrpn,e1t in The Constitilticn OF III Trit,d
states The best men. in their longing for Nationa!
unity al cOncigTcd IN the necessity Of umcG at0 action
IN ave he country Forcnos: In time - IN genius WAS
Alexander Hamilton, who prompt 10 iusist that Con-
Cress should have "cOmpltie sovereignty except rs 10
fiat mart OF internal police which relates 10 the right Of
fgy and life among individuals and to raising money
by internal taxes aud stl further IN words which har-
lnouzcd with the Declaration ot Independence that "he
fabric OF the American empire shod rest on mo solid
basis Of the consent Of the people IN kndred fp;rt'
Schuyler announced the necessary OF aSITdtc G5'o CO
crctgc 3oigcr n the government 81 these States llani
ton aud Schuyler both OF Hcw-Iork Which, with
sr r.pa.tIafiyes naturally took the lead In solemn
resolutions which, after declaring that tho situation OF
these States is peculiar manner critical" aud that
tc present system exposes Inc common cause 20 pre-
cnriOs ISSUE" concluded with ca Tor general CON
ne SGgT H'9 % Otbcr stc faygc6 5
Congress recommended II "the bas means OF obtain
irg a form Of Natpnal GoToTnment" Mean who. Soeh
Webster hom yon knew 80 WeiL as tIe anhor o. ths
y tg H,' t nor on fbe so,s bur drectiy on md
yidnals and Congress full power 70 carry It's laws
ion involved hotrg les than natioiia govern
inet with supreme 70 which the states should lie
: wa THE NATIONAL CONVENTION. 81.
he better
reinorabIo body whose deii6eraiions have made an
epoch Ia history Of government. Jefferson aud John
Adams were at tho ti8lo abroad IN the foreign
service Of the country; s.qnnel Adams was IN
Ncw-York; but Washington, Franklin, HsiaIion
Son Ellsworth, and SHERMAN appeared nsuong lis
members. Washington. by their unnimous voice, be-
vcution acjouBng every nlGnber stood IN his place
until the President had passed. rro GLIMPSE of that
Do glad 10 look upon Franklin. Hamilton and MiIiisOn
standing in tlGir places whdc Washington passed i n
NATIONAL NOT . FEDliRAL.' IN THE CONVENTION
On the first day nfter the adoption Of tho rules. Ed
mlnd Randolph Of Virginia opened tie great business
Federal Government" could not produce order on sup
press rebelion than Federal Government could not
defend itself against enerGeinelts IRON the state and
insisting that tho remedy must be found in tie repu
lcan principle" concluded with SERIES OF propositions
contemplating National Government with what he
called hatiOnar legislature m two branches "a I'M
tiona M @ anu 2tSa Sf we gnOio
each state Ts series u proportions was followed the
day by simple tthbinchJ tlc IeSOiu-
ton where, after setting forth the insnicency of -
union OF tho States merely Federal or OF "trcacs
among the States MS individual efcigntes II tc
ciared that NdO7dt G0Ce'qseH O0 10 be estblishe
consisting Of supreme legislative executive and tnd
ciary. Better words could not have been chosei 10
press the prevailing aspiration for national life The res
outon In this form adopted after ample debate At
a later stage in seeming defeenee 10 mistaken sensible
ties the word NATIONAL was dropped, and the term "a
Government Of the United statesn was inserted It's
stead; but the latter term equally denoted National
Unity. although II did not use the word The whole
clause aerward found noble SUBSTITUTE IN INC Pream
ble 10 the Constitution, which - the aununclabn OF
National Government proceeding directly from the PEG
ple like tue Declaration Of Independence itself " ~
= bro T1i THf. NATIONAL CONSTITUTION ',
we'll Its features all wei known: