New-York tribune., 1867-02-06

ion OF leraiS and rise again In so do long you
nsv remain upQp one aud the same peo and you my
lay lay ~ eydcces that it IS one ap mo same bed n t9e
%snsverse valleys tssure which extend across the
mountain chas Thc.e is rupture across Two OF Cso o
mountain S w ~ ye very very ro5d regiO has been made
lending In hS way, and right and eit Oh tno be veyy
oan sec taS cut Oh snee oS biologists cali them,
diagrams, may say OF the intefnai vinld lie
arc toe natural thing ana OF %G made Main that these
rough outline In this way II Is aJ i',i Loose ,na
beds have been folded for water containing lVoss h. %
rails in suspension c9o!@ @ and I'm it With thip mud
and let the mud subsidc, and ~ wll I9.lo nl ~
ne materials carried into lake after heshet aiy
Won viii find that they snbside and Iofh % y1T
6 t6at ali tbe oose materials which have been hIought
down nv the river are deposited in the shape oi
o hoe oT optber This constant forizOnaliy OF all
materials accumulated under the agency "a "a oloests
Sn the conviction THAT whenever strata or Dea os
rocks are In any position dllorest iitrrb.'co to
which they have been submitted az later tie otai a
extent OF he inclination OF any oeus Which heV have
undergone since the time they were IOreu az fnre
the ease we must ADMIT that all these BEDS IN t9 J"i "a
cre once horizontal and that they have been folded IN
this manner by some cause or otnet; NV % ~ each
f hsse hue1ng nights IL may be pressure from tne
side causing ruffes TO be made lns as leIc Mo~ ,tb
s,fficjent energy from one side, which would aich
itself and If il long enough, would sth iesen s o
has produced the change in the Jura Is 1t the pressure
from side or it the pressure rom Deow ne i Va
answer that IL Is both. We have the evidence 9I I
pressure at one time, and We have the evidence OF a.
pressure from below at another ne Ina, f nat Mind
obtained In this way We nave here lnei1asol Oh CS ti
which indicate that they were IN state OF i
and have burst through materials WHeh directicm
irregular stratas slopmg III INC OPPOSE in tbe
upon the sides Of these massive rocks I'll, IN .b tne
center That direct evidence '1 oizontal ~ position
that materials in state OF fgne0us 1usOh nave puSSt
through them broken through, and caused them 70 sit
in the onposjte direction, thus forming the inequality
And here we the evidence OF an lhnediate atrn
from below upward where, as in some portions OF te
Iuro we sec that succession Of rippes like these are
gradually fading away az distances that IOr lhstt@oc @
feet and then that toward the West, toward Burgundy
these heights are gradually fading away dIatiors uH m
the plain OF Burgundy they are mere uluulatInuiIs,,
When we see that the slopes sleeper in the parts we
ecoS ISe s Main that lateral pressure has produced
of the features in these inequalities Ibat Is one part VI
the evidence That gives the mechanical agency but
IL does not give yet the element OF time now Deloe
anproac he question Of time let us look back 10 these
facts as we have them here The tablehnd OF Guiana
exhibits masses OF granite the slope Of which there
inclined toward the Valley Of the Amazon; l
have not examined the northern shore but !
have za@Rsd Il on on the gSn Of q Guiana G and
unmistakably have masses OF granite whlcn are I
sraed that Is which are me res .O y, sgenst e Which
rest in position slantng southwark cay sates mca
states and gneiss rocks that are nnsratifed that are
formed Of all kinds Of sand consolidated SeineAed tO-
gether baked by the internal neat wish 1a M tw0 OF
three hours in which TO explain the details OF TINS 1orma
ton; but you see that must condense here II would
come the history OF the valley ana give you the eN
ac and satisfy yo that ais (the Guyana tableand is
the oldest part Of South America that tins ghe table
land of BRAZIL is the next Oldest, aud that all this he
region Of the Andes) is of comparatively recent Gale
Take the tableand north OF the Amazon the ableahd
Of uvana the question would Mt be- whether II Is
not of the age as the table-and OF Brazil ~ neht
appear that il was 80 but for one iae t9a' On s wons
date than on the slope OF Gpyana Bu mere ta t mus
assume something All @ insse eeos WI wc We 1 and
the last the latest deposited ana al those Whch resi-
upon any set preceding are younger than that upon
Khi
pie OF basin, II you pour turhid water INTO ba1n ana
apoheT mass of turbid water without disturbing that
which already deposited, and yon VIII nave second
have third and fourth, and many successive deposits
as you pease-the later being always on Top OF & the
earlier aud il You desired to determine which was the
later and which wac the younger without looking az te
basins each containing similar deposits now W9na you
answer questions, when were they made, which was
AT the same tmei If you have watch and look you
may detcrmne It by time in this case. But suppose you
bs ~ the same Kind Of rock the question at once arises
of different kinds Of rock, you may si Inquire are
the same hOnr, / could deposit sand in this basin
and mud in the ether, and the deposits would
have taken pIaoetat tie sane time qn9 would be Of the
age Now, these questions eaa be determined IN
materials which are accumulated in these rocks, beside
the fragments Of sand and clay and mud, and the Ike,
the materials derived from decayng animals and p9nts
the bones and teeth OF animals the solid parts OF she'll
fish the coating IN OF INC crab ana iHe Ee an ese lea are nc
be buried at the bottom Of the water In which
nisSed with mass SIS Of sand from any Of our
harbOrs IN which these remains were 10 be found could
was taken because the animals aud plants which live on
the surface Of the earth in the water aud on andsare
the same every and therefore by their differences
Of character they may be recognized and distinguished
geoogists have fnadeft out that the animals which have
lived in different periods Of that history have not been
tyraR he and
the accumulation Of our coal for instance, were
and also from those which lived at. later period The
plants remains Of which found In the cOalbed
not our pines, NAPLES, oaks and the Ike among lhem
has been studied and systcmszed and the character Of
cognisable, Just as coins have been studied and
arranged by antiquarians 60 that an anti
or Egyptian coin on coin Of later date, even Il
dSe Is go9 eo go SoG & ana q Will ten us dSie G It's Ss
terlnine the relative age Of animal or vegetable re-
EnoSledge Of tie distinctive characterstc Of tie reains
OF each, age OF epoch Where you have immediate
course that which below the older, ana that which
10 above IL tho yOungof but where you have not the
ndse @ a S 3 way YOU it 's' @ ben TssG sP
a On s sCge 5es e 1a aon b m
coast and In two INSTANCES IN the basin Of the Chnqua
lifted up thar the beds which have lifted up by the
the first second and third that have been deposited
there We find that the sope Of the tabeand Of Bra
z besides the first second, and third fourth, fifth
and sixth have been raised also; and that r. direct
evidence that the abeand Of Brazil is younger than the
tablet Of Guana and that while this Was the first
land IN South America that above the level Of the
ocean, his was raised somewhat later, but also very
early period. Let ng turn for moment to North Amer
ica compare this with what have there and Won
will al once with what ease these facts may
be asceTtaned everywhere. Suppose we start from
the northern coast OF Lake Superior, or. frOm the
northern portion Of any Of the great Canadian
lakes, what do find ~ these northern laIKisl
We find granite rocks and the Oldest stratfed rocks
known to geoogss, which designated by them under
e Of AzOc that is rocks without traces OF animal
feTOcks which were deposited before animals or plants
yedupOn globe, at least al time when animal or
r.nl.D IN La.