The Fairfield herald. [volume] (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, 1867-01-23
Science and Philosophy.


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Copernieus appeared in, 1873, and
gave publicity to his astronomical con-.
cluslons in l543. Luther was born in
l4S3, and published his letters in 1927.
Kepler lived between 1871 and 1850.
Gall!eo from 1854 70 1912 and the Ba
cons great work appeared in lG20'2l'
Thus we find co-exlsting in about one
century, the great leaders in the, mighty
two-lold movement Of Modern mind.
In physiology, the two greatest dis.
covcres ever made, were BY English
philosophers. Harvev detected the cir
cnlali"n Of the blood, and S,r Charles
Bell distinguished between tho nerves
OF srnsa ton, and those Of motion. Sv.
d"nham laid the foundation Of medical
scicnce, and John Hunter, that of COM
paralivc anatomy while Jrnnrr invoked
the wonderful secret Of vaccination.
In chemistry, also, the English have
l"d. Dr. Black Of E'linburg, discovered
caEbonic acid gas, and first announced
lie doctrine of latent heat. Dalton first
explained the wonderfully adjusted law
" >'S'h'S"i ciulFuIcills.
Priestlv discovered oxygen gas; Watts
and CavcMdish asccrlained the compost.
ton Of water; Davy founded agricultu-
raj chemistry and invented tho safety
lamp and Newton discovered the law
ct grayi,atlon and the analysis Of
light.
In America, we sec men equally sue.
ccsslul in the study Of the, physical SCI
enccs. Franklin discovered the identi.
ty Of electricity and lightning. Fulton
| applied steam to navigation. Maury
has fenced the highway of,hc sea and
written finger boards upon The a,mos.
phcre. Morse has harncsscd the fiery
bird of heaven and made The lightning
ur post boy.
WHY TmfRE is NO RAIN IN PERU
In Peru, South America, ram is I'M
| known The coast Of Peru is within the
region OF perpetual south cast trade
Winds and though the Peruvian shores
arc on the very verge of the South Sea
boiler, yet it never rains there. The
reason is plain. The south east trade
winds in the Atlantic ocean first strike
tho water on tho coast Of Africa. Tray.
cliug north west, they blow obliqurly
across the ocean until they reach the
coast Of Brazil. BY this time they are
heavily laden with vapor, which they
continue TO bear along as they 60, aud
supplying with it the sources Of the Rio
de In Plata and the southern tributaries
Of the Amazon. Finally they reach the
snow capped Andes, and here is wrnng
from them the last particle Of moisture
that very low temperature can extract.
Reaching the summit of that range,
they now tumble down as COIL and dry
tSAhg tHSAf Gg Wits 9 no f'GS SSGsy ssTRee ssRaea
and no temperature colder than that 10
which they were subject on the noun.
tain tops, they reach tho OCEAN before
they become charged with fresh vapor,
and before. therefore. they have any
which tho Peruvian climate can extract.
Thus we see how The Andes become the
reservoir from which are supplied tho
rivers Of Chill and Peru.
| How MAN FREEzEs TO DmATu-M.
| Pouchet lately read an interesting paper on
| this subject before the French Academy of
| Science. The authors differences nre as
| follows:
]. Tint tho first phenomenon produced
| by cold is u contraction of capillary vessels
! 10 snch an extent that a glohule If blood
cannot enter; these vessels, therefore, re-
| mnin completely empty.
=. The second phenomenon is an altera-
ton Of the blood Slobules, which amounts o
their complete disorganizntion.
3. Every animal completely frozen is alb
so!ucly dead, and no power can rcanimate
it.
4. When only part is frozen, that part
is destroyed by gnngreno
s. If tho part frozenls not extensive, and
only few 'isorgnnizcd blood gloubles pass
into circulation, the animal mny recover.
6. but if, on the contrary, the frozen
part is of considerable extent, then the lnasu
of altered globules brought into the circu-
lation whom the part is thawcd, rapidly
kills tho animal.
7. For this reason half frozen animal
lives q long time if maintained in this cond-
ton, since the altered gobults do not get
into the circulation but II expires rapidly
| ns soc as the frozen part is thawcd.
8. In all cases Of oongelntion, death is
due to the alteration Of tho hlo,d globulcs,
and not to any effect of the nervous system.
0. 1t results from these facts that tho
less rapidly the frozen part is thawcd, the
moro slowly MI cred globules find their way
into tho circulation, md the greater tho
| chances Of tho recovery Of tho animal.