The New York herald., 1867-02-27


in development That marsupial group is peculiar |
group OF quadrupeds known only 70 Australia and in
common in other parts Of the world Some they call
monkeys, though not having any OF the character
anima though they have none Of the habits OF carniv
ANIMALS and others they class among the
romnans, though they are not ruminants properly
speaking To upon this subject would lead me too
far from the subject OF this lecture, should enter into
detailed account Of these animals All want 70 i'm
press upon you in this connection Is the fact that N
every part OF the world there peculiar tribes Of ami
mails, and that these tribes do exhibit such close
tions TO the climatic condition that cannot with any
kind OF satisfactory evidence acribe these pecuiiares
70 other than climatic Influences under which they live
Among those monkeys there nnumerable varieties
species or genera as you may call them for is
not OF very groat Importance here want, however,
% make clear the fact what 70 the nature Of
ourang outang, the gorilla, and the chmpanzee,
which have hands made IN the manner and teeth
the and in which the details Of the structure
sent the relations, and which therefore consd
cred As one group The name under which the higher
monkeys are generally designated are anthropophag
monkeys and called man monkeys. We have those
monkeys in which the snout ~ very prominent and
large, like dog, the tail short and the limbs stout the
body large and strongly bult these the baboops
But again there are among them some kind OF differ.
we as differing 10 the length OF the hair over the head
and neck IN the name and forth. We have another
group OF longtailed monkeys, OF the Old World remark
able for their slender forms and great length Of
tails and the greater prominence Of their snouts their
teeth and the like. But among them, again, there
portions Of the Old World Of Africa and ASIA And 50
II is with the monkeys OF the New World In south
America have monkeys with prehensile tails,
but in which the tail covered with hair Then again
wo have the bowling monkeys, In which the lower end
of entirely destitute Of hair and which have
the throat enlarged, by which 1t produce revcrbera-
ton and sounds which they utter very loud and which
has introduced the name OF howiing monkey And so
again with the shorter tailed monkeys of South America
and with the squirrel ke and great number spe-
cies which have ihoae pecularles OF structure which
mode execution Of the details Of the teeth
of the hands, Of the face and the like presenting condi
tons which rest In the COLOR the absolute size or the
onnaa fhA ~ shn Hf.l,r
their length compared TO the body, &C Now, then,
what do hnd among menf Similar conditions again.
For men have not all the same complexion do they
exhibit ali the characteristic features And here
let me urge upon you this fact; for we cannot
unless we are aware bow widely men differ
from another While they and while
they have all the characteristics Of humanity
yet among differences about striking the diff
ference which distinguishes some Of those ge of
monkeys from one anotheras striking unques'ionably
the differences which distinguish of the species
Of monkeys from one another. And am bound to say
that unless recognize these differences among men,
and recognize tue identity Of these differences with
differences hlch exist among animals,
10 subject And whatever be the origin Of these
differences, they there the time If II
is proved that all men have common origin, then IL
will be at the time proved that all monkeys have
9 common origin; and 1t will b. by the evidence
proved that man and monkey cannot have different
origin. There Is the appalling feature of the subject
OF men OF the nature the characteristics
which distinguish the different kinds Of monkeys And
il was for that reason that early maintained that the
different OF must have Independent origin,
because the time coming when the question of the
origin OF would be mixed up with the question Of
the origin Of animals and IL might be that community
OF rgin might be affirmed tor all Now hold that idea
Of the community OF origin OF man and monkeys and
other quadrupeds is faacy, the foundation of which
shall try explain presently But If IL is
consider derived from monkeys, we must I'D. !,
mon stock, because the dinerences which exist
among at the same time quite as striking |
tween the lower animals Let me point out these der.
ences Let me first say in what all men agree and in
what AL men dier from monkeys All men agree in
having four limbs, pair Of which terminates with
feet and the other pair terminates with hands All men
endowed with the ability OF standing erect and their
constitution Is such that the erect position Is not
qurement resulting from education, and is the
suit OF the successive chain, but is of the const
tuted pecuarities OF the human frame. The whole Of
the backbone Is organized that man carry with |
ease his heavy, broad head only IN vertical position
He has not, as animals have heainent with which be
but the head must be balanced the Of the ver
cal column in order that may rest and be moved with
facility in every direction Then man has limbs
sides OF the chest organized tha. he them
in every direction and touch every part OF his body
with them and that pair Of limbs terminates with the
most perfect hand known in nature and that hand Is
constituted as readily 10 carry out the mandate OF the
and is no longer organ OF locomocon is the
in the monkey. All these peculiaries character
man there is no structural transition. There
is graduation from the highest monkey |,
ing closer TO the monkeys by the lower types or
humanity overlook these fundamental conditions which
make man, however low and indrm, Q man. and winch
seperate him from the monkey however high as mon
key he may stand. Applause But while we recog-
nze certain structural attributes particularly human,
let not overlook the great conditions which exist
among men both in structure and attanments In the
first place in color the differences obvious but they
there marked difference The flowing straight hair
Of the white is very different already from the stiff
and wircy hair Of the Indian; and when begin TO
compare that hair with that OF the Australian with
that OF the Malay with that Of the Feejean Islander
sl strixingly with that Of the negro, nnd
white race Is cyndrillca; the hair Of the negro s fiat
ana ~ s Are na
have existed in close proximity with negroes since
the two races have been known TO exist side by side
earth and the white has not assumed the woolly
hair Of the negro the negro assumed the straight
HAIR Of the white race Laughter and applause Then
All the white have their teeth vertical the
jaw Short and the manner In which the teeth nt one
'1 We close lose the mouth D'" we BRING the lower
teeth against the upper teeth 10 such juxtapositon that
races o. men which haze I.. kind o. aeuson @ are called
straight jawed races; while there other races among
ali the inhsb.ans of Africa ana souh isss have their
front teeth Inclined 40 that the upper testh and The
lower teeth whom brought against another form
races Of men with protruding jaws have also thicker and
more prominent lips They have also the fiat nose.
tween the nostrs and the ncstrils opening sdeways
And those differences have been known among them |
ever since have been observed by man. On the an
Egypt there are figures Of negroes
there are figures Of there ngures Of
and there figures Of white Characteristic In
all these particulars them now; that for At
least as long time ~ these monuments have been In
existence these features of humanity have remained
what they then and have retained their pecuari
tics Now. then, the question Ia how were these pecu
arisies brought abou.i Are they innate thas s
they prmordial or they the result Of changer II
these conditions the result Of change then the d
fersnoes which We observe among monkeys,
Why should they not be the result Of change |
alsos And changes great can take place, |
why should mot changes . little greater cccurf
and therefore. why should not al the conditions
which exist among living beings be the result Of
changesf II is upon the line Of argument that the
scientific doctrine has been based, which 10 known a.
the transmutaon doctrue and which has discussed
for centuries but which has been revived In more re
cent form and with recent argu ment BY Darwin
and which 10 now actively agtated among naturalsts
Now propose 70 show you on what faiac,es this L
view rests and will repeat my statement in
another form. The question 10 whether We arc /
the lineal descendants Of monkeys or whether We /
are the children Of creative mind; whether we arc