The weekly North-Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 186?-1869, 1867-11-20
GRAPE GROWING.

NIT flOPcTb OIL N
and successful grspegrower, OF Cinclnna.l,
Ohio, gives the following on this su6}ee.E
Vineyards are usually planted on Mus, OF
rolling upwards; such positions are ca2sen
on account of the natural drainage. iwnich y
considered Essential. Porous soils are pre-
ferred to stiff clay, or such as are retentlve
of water No trees should be; perm ~ e 10
grow within one hundred feet OF the VINE
ward, nor should any crop be cultivated IN
it. as a vine is aselfsh plant, and demands
aisthe ground for Its own use. The ground
zisprepared forplanting by tnenchlng with ti
the spade two feet deep, or by breaking up
with subsoil and common plough 1S or 20
inches: the latter is much the cheapest, and
always adopted where the situation permits.
In planting the vines, the distance apart in
the rows appears to vary in different local.
ytiesr Around Cincinnati and in the Ohio
valley. three by six is the usual distance; on
the shores of lake Erie, 8 by 8, and by 8.
and in California 8 by 10 is Recommended
as the proper distance. The object IN this
country. where labor is dear, is to cultivate
with the plough wherelit canabe used, and
to avoid the spade which is expensive
VINEYARD planting is-a system OF, >aysrflng
the vine, but with our long, jointed and ram
pant growing native vines it may been er-
ror to plant too close, or to prune too severe
lv. Our European vine dresserss accustoHl1
ed TO short.iointed vines, naturally tall
into that error here, but they are now cor
recting it.
I The method oftraining, also, varies yifh
localities. In the Ohio. valley and the Soaa-
thern States the single stake to each vine,
and the bow system is adoped. On the
lake shore and in. California the trellis
is used, the vines being trained on it hori-
Zontally.
,1IoThe estimated average annual yield Of
good vineyards in the West is about that OF
Fance-10O gallons to the acre. In the
South they claim 500, and in California 800 !;
these latter l consider too high. A ,bashel
of grapes-ffty pounds make 81 gal
Ions of good wine, and half gallon Of inte-
rior. In mere sketch like this article, 1t is
only intend to impart general inflammation
on the subject of which it treats. But
may remark, in brief, that free exposure
to the wind, with the punches of 4 grapes
sheltered from the hot sun by the leaves of
the vine, tying neatly to the stake or trellis,
judcous shortening in of supertiuous
branches, and the keeping the ground cul-
!tivated and free from weeds is considered
essential bThegrape, like other fruits, has
its enemies. The most destructive of these
is mildew or rot Was it not for this dis
sease the Catawba would be immensely pro-
fitabie hut, of late years: in the Ohio valley,
it has destroyed from one-fiftli to four
fifths of the crop in many vineyards, and
discouraged many persons from planting
the fine grape. A sudden change of wealth.
er from hot to cold when the vine is in ra-
pido growth, -and the seed in the berries
about hardening, is sure to produce rot. A
free underdrainage-eit natural or arti-
ficial-anda full exposure to the wind, will
inpart, prevent it. No system of pruning
OF cultivation has yet proved sufficient
remedy in vineyards Vines trained against
the side of The house, and under cover of the
caves, seldom if ever, rot. The disease pro-
badly results from atmospheric causes, as
the rust in wheat
Insects have not as yet been found very
injurious, but the careful vine-dresser will
watch closely. anu permit none to get colo
nized in his vineyard. The frost in some
localities kills the young shoots of the vine
in April, or early in May, but tile twin or la
tent bud will put out, and yield about hall
crop. To prevent serious injury by hail, let
the lunches of grapes be well sheltered by
the leaves of vine, which will also prove a
protection from the hot sun.