New-York tribune., 1867-07-27
TIE COOLIES.


BOR. "
The name Of Coolies is the Distinguishing
appenation of Iaborers from India and emma Doth
of which counties are now sending lorth every yea"
LARGE numbers of their people 10 dhereht PaI.S "a
tbr ,,Crld to fill the sOIl and 10 engage lh ot' ~
dustral occupations In tie tfopGdl leA.ons ~
Western Hemisphere cpel'Hy' lheIS lh ~ II go of
e 20 naud Tor ucst Itope 70 ~ u 'tG tto Pircduc-
African labor. tho supply ol Wh'ui ii"it,I, o,,f 10
tlou of such articles sugar COTTON YvliC t tJ
Escco has been very seriously cuTtaied OWNS 10 lno
abolition OF Slavery in nearly every PaIt ~ fbe
tncnt, and tie almost tQGI oc},, animated the
CCclice are divided into two classes -Illoso % nom
india and those f0m Ch!.lsi t.S A{ln and ,re
eniFate slpnIah,CCuSNtor SNtorrifius pcmeIdra trinidad
81 kits ST. Luca, Jamaica. the D2n'S' NO5oHy %
~ C'roix and the French West ln0la ls'3nus en-
grafton to an these places being coh"lc'Su Oy "t71 L.,
81 thp re,peCtivc governments, ana always uuuCt
SPECIAL engagements with Great BHtAn !.Ae Pg1
Oi cmbakauon Is Calcutta to Xncn lAS 'SJoiels so 10
thought by native recruiting officers, WHO are pnI -
much per head for The number OF CoQDes tney sue
seod in obtaining. They are mamt2med at an emil
grant depot TIL Their departure IoF l3cb destination
aud are generally well cared tqf On the voyage nav
ing plenty of wholesome food and proper medical
attendance. MauuGus receives the largest proper
tipn by fr of these Coolies During the year 1850 the
BrItisR West Indies received about 1000 but III
previous years the number has 1een nuch slealeI.
They are invariably engaged uIdeI IhueHI'uo l9A d d
the West Indies tcn-and i'm the West Indies are al
entitled ON the expiration OF Their term TO DcH
passage of which lUly Lve-slXtIs oil them 4@nan @
themselves The number that returns nome IIo1 1
Mauritus is 10y means so large, Iher tGatIn;tI;' ;
IL the Colonies depends great de3l upon tno iS =
lance and faItliuuess OF the Local 69N la
GGCrlipc tticrI atccua.c protection. In DemeraTa,
for example where the system OF cooIIC IiiI4ul5Lt
ticn os framed from the vcry first IN strict accord
aHCc with tue instructions OF the COoiuI Vl.e, Iio
HcheIne has on the whole, worked SATISFACTORILY
but IN Jamaica, where lbe painters IulVi ~
Gently resented the proposed conttOI OF tIe lILal
Covey,ment over coolie immigration for that Colony
As an uuwarIautabe interference win lhelh' u!e
experiment proved dis lstrous failure hoth Whele II
was first tried IN 81 and subsequently AnoIneI Al
VrIal As now being given TO 10 IN that island with a
htle chance of success rs the Demerha SYSTEM i'll
ali ITS leading features. has been adopted
Tie Chinese coolie migration Is developed on a
nuch more extensive scale than the EdSl 4huE'II'
Iargc Numbers of Chinese coolies find their way 70
Australia where they work IN the goid-diggngs anu
engage in trade. The Same magnet thaU draws lheul
20 Australia, attracts thcm TO California Where lney
are monopolzing the ronroad work. 10 Ihese cO..n %
tTies they emigTate spontaneously ouu lheIo arc
numerous places 20 which tLtN are ,uelVrleu Il,uel %
Dutch Guiana. Tahiti, India, and Java. me coone
trade to most of these places Is but modhGauoh OF
the old African Slave Trade. The trade 10 IeIU ana
fTactors-Perrvians Spanards Portuguese. and
French-abOut $4,000 to 10000 coolies beng supPIel
20 them every wear from Macao. The coolies, accord
inE TO Trustworthy accounts. furnished to the
depots by recruiting agents, Chinese or fOitugutse'
many of these mon OF very disTeput3be character
nnd not a few are suspected of being con-
neeted with piracy. and who are most scruHu-
lous as TO the means they employ loI 9oIah-
supuly are well aware OF their character but the de-
Inand for coolies too active to allow tneh 70 III
quFe particularly INTO the means enPoyeo 10 oo,alh
these people. English and American ships are tor-
hidden to carry Macao coolies, ana IL Is seNOh la'
Geunan vessels can be induced TO engage IN the ser
vice. The ships employed are under lnlntaII equip
ment and discipline. somewhat resembling English
convict ships the coolies on board them are only
allowed an airing deck, by squads OF 20 TO 40 to-
gether and the whole proceeding is described as re-
eemblmg the middle passage OF the AllCah slaNe
ships in its general features but the c0ohes Delng
far less Submissive than negroes, IeVOUs ana NUT
mics frequently occur. Suicides, We are told, are
common, and the mOIt2hty very great, averaging aa
high as . per cent A tlphttui disaster nap
ne1ed in Ami lsCG when $50 Cinnamon We're
burned TO death on board the snip Napoleon
Canevero m aconiIagrauon pup9sey nHolef ny Ny
Augusts 1905, TO April 1866 no fewer than 10 cases
of mutiny-nlany of them having very serious re
sHltS-Were reported in Kong Kong papers, All Dut
two OF them having occurred on board Sims salllnA
from MoGao. Only mates are shipped ana
they selected entirely ior Their physical quates
Both at Cuba and IN Peru the services OF THESE
Coolies are regularly sold, the contracts running fol
eight years. in the British West India Colonies they
aTe subject to the regulations as the East lndI;
Coolies and consequently receive much better treat
ment than in either Perm or Cuba. They are shippel
60 these colonies rom Canton in the proportion OF
not more than 800 Coolies ship of LOO tunS and
80 per cent of the number are women. ihe planter
who takes the husband takes The wife with hln, pay
her cost and maintains her. The is the same in
Surinam and Dutch GniaGa, the planters Of which
places express their entire satisfaction with these
Immigrants,
recent writer on the subject of Cooie labor thus
compares the relative merits OF indian and Chinese
'WBe the Indian coolle easily managed and submis
eve-thauks 10 the low seryllc condition ia which the
lowcaste Hndoos are born ana brought up I'D thel own
iand-the Chuauan is independeIt aud fiery N lis dspo-
eluon ana E!oeAt lu aGloh me ioIlSi HaS naI4y y .
conception Of rights while tne latter VIII stck OF hsht
for what he considers his nights and privileges Supposed
wrongs and insults he viii al once oppose by force While
the Indian accepts thein WIN apparent submission
quietly bdmg his ume with him poison takes the place
OF the knife Their relations 70 the white are alike
unsatisfactory, but altogether dnereut The Chinese, ~
the vain concet of e superiority OF his race and cIy
fhie country. The Hindoo, under the external garb
of submssiveness, bears aud nout.>hes toward
Indian accommodates himself circumstances, works
himself very readily into new conditions Of life change
OF food dress &c. while the Chnamlu II cling peril
naCOusly 10 the staple Of ms cOunuy-ce, and the final
scope OF his life and labor always to return The
howery kingdom that his bones may find there suitable
buriaLpace-a notion with which Ow-caSte Hiudoo is
not taintcdto any extent lie Will be ready TO emigrae
with his wife ana children in the hope OF bctterng then
Gn an e 6eSH9 T to Tc o tPe eaae ol
labor, the difference is very great in general the emma
ne has been accustomed 20 nara I"DoI IOm cnahoOo Is
quick and energetic ~ L aeuous and enduring il his
labOrqualties which contrast strongly with the slow
and lazy movements OF the indian ON the otheI hahd
the Indian is les, exclusive and more likely 10 amalga
mate and fix MS permanent abode among other races"
The advantages of inGentuTed COOlc labor are
obvious The Coolies, both Indian and Chinese,
work at very low rates of wages considering them
selves well paid If they receive y cents day, for
ten or twelve hours work. Their wants are few,
their habits worse than primitive; and even out OF
this pttanCe they manage 70 save what by the
time their term OF lndenture expires, amounts TO a
pretty decent sum. Ii is quite a common thing for
the East India COOlie returning home from the
British West Indies TO take with him $500 or 500
saved out Of his earnings, and IN some great
deal more. Unlike the negro, too, they have no
local associations or attachments TO divert their at
tenti0n from their proper business. They have only
one thing 10 dow, 10 work steadily and cOntiu-
uously Oh the plantation, and they attend to it, being
always at hand and their services always available,
when required. But, after all even under the most
favorable conditions, this system approXmates so
closely 10 Slavery, that in 10 country where free
al 4 accented lOuOIC0 m