New-York tribune., 1867-09-18

clergy: promulcang the dcctune OF tr2nSuGS'''i
alton and regulating the punislmcnt 3i neIGtlCS, -
1bc unvt General Councils were held nv Lyons III
1913 and l21. The first OF theae VIZ :t oOi &C ~
eNtmpate hercsy and schislh' 10 Ii1,U t Of tbc
the Christians OF Palestine .ht -, JITT5o It o u -
cLorCes against the Emperor Frederick II. VINO was
drnoscd bv Pope Innocent " ia me presence VI @ 'aIS
council The Council Of 1914 c0nsis sleu OF ihoic man IN
30 o,,s otd many inferior dignltaucS ol ihe
I,r and was assembled 10 receive the suphlS,lon
or tbc rcck Church. it was atehqeu bN an ei',%'"a %
.1,,.I from Manuel (Ommcnus the emperor U!. NVlI-
,,t;,,,7,le y no with - Greek prciucS, sent III IN
act of adhesion 10 the Roman Cathohc iath anu ~ %c
Iuovlcdgcd the pTimacy OF the sec ol hIF, 3 Co.. tT
tit cornciI of Lyons ordered new crusade ior tic
reroyerv of the Holy Land and provided inc Iuh'S
NECESSARY for the purpose. and The Secohu couhCI
also rendered assistance TO the CHRISTIAN "WIiOls III
Tic next General Council. called the 18th by Pro
testauts and the lGth by Cathohes. was nSlu al J.
enne. in DaUphcny, IN l3ll ana thS vas ny
the Council of Constance IN Ill4. Inc laltcI Ia!cu
nearly four years, and III point OF interest anu III
poitancc is not surpassed by any Conner OF the
Catholic Church lis object was 10 remedy the great
NVctern schsm accustomed by the residence of some
of the Popes at Avignoh AT the time of the Conn
ell of Constance there were three claimants 10 inc
Papal throne OF these, John MIL lBatasar Corsal
presided and was called upon at the first session 10
resign the papacy. lie promised to do 80 under O2lp
provided Gregory NlI. angelo COraro and BeleulcI
%II peter de Lara would do the same. Dut on ny
niqht following He'd from Constance 70 Schaull-
hausen and ii not until may, III, ~,
that he could he induced to lgrl1l, resign 'r,c re
pOntihcal hOnOTs. Pope Gregory, VINO Is schcl'l ~ ~
pardcd bV Catholics as the legitimate suoct SSol 70
p0ntiGcate then resigned; but Tue 3hIIpc dCIS dCIuro
to vacate the papacy, ana altet 4Vv - ri L",tie
condemned him rs an mNeielalc s i,i
and scandal0us sinner and proceeded 10 tIe 1cC'lUI
of a now pope. but he persisted IN Calllhg nllseil
none 1Innl fiS death In 1924. This C0uncil spent
i,ib tinic in the examination of the doctrines OF
WycInc. which were condemned, lns books ordered
70 he burnt, and his bones TO be disntGneu' II as9
condemned the doctrines taught by the celebrated
ToLn Uuss. follower of Wyclife degraded him
from The priesthood and handed him, over TO the
secular magistrates of Constance. by whom ne was
burnt alive. The practice ol giving mere, les mo lHc
hands of civil magistrates was introduced by canon
of the Fourth Council of LatcIau.
The Council of Basel was summoned To meet IN
1iSi Inv Pone Martin v who had been elected to the
Papacy at Constance. bat III the meantime the rope
died, and on the very day when II was SUMMONED 10
meet his successor, Eugelius ~, was eltctSd' lie
Immediately confirmed the act Oi ms predecessor
calling the Council but when the Council was To be
opened not q single bishop, and only one apboI WS
i'm attendance The abbot formally opened Inc
CouDcn Notwithstanding and the Council thus IN
auspici0usly begun lasted slX years was twice Us
solved by the Pope was adjourned to I-9rehGe' buV
in session elsewhere. and was alterWaiu auJouInCl
to FeIrara, 10 which place many OF MS mcnneis
actually went hut what IS most remarkaple during
nearly the whole time II was composer
of ccclesiastics not entitled to SIT III an
UcumcniCa council Until lis transfer 10
Fenara in 1854 it is REGARDED as d9c'l9Gheai ~
made no decisions of doctrine, but only Ol dsclpilme
and il made tile progress in ciiecng the recOnca.
tion of thc Greek Church. which was the purpose OF
! its cOnNOc9tlOn. nor QQ III accomplish am tniHS
toward the reconciliation OF the llusStes which was
a fayorite purpose with the Papal legate who pre-
! sided After the adjournment TO IeilaIa MhClc II
was at once dissolved by the Pope, the deCrS OF me
council which remained at Basel continued TO sit fol
twelve or fifteen years longer dnl1ng winch eeceu
an antelope, Amadeus ' l., former Duke 0l savoy
| who had resigned his dukcdom. He took the name
of Felix v After bearing the title Tor ten years nc
submitted to Pope Nicholas V, and the Councll at
length put an end TO itself by electing the regnlng
The Council OF Trent. the last Of the GcumeDcal
/ councils was held IN l54j, many years nav lhs
clapsed from the time the Emperor Charles ' prom
ised at the Diet of RatsbOn, to induce the Pope 10
! convene the council until II finally met Inc oc'd-
/ sion was the appeal Of Luther ana lhe ll1ieSlt
princes of Germany from the decision OF the rope To
! a council But after the promise 9I ihe EMPEROR
/ three IOpcs had died without cOnvOkng Couhcll,
and after Paul Ill agreed to IL in ls$', period 1l
eight years intcryencd before IT was held The GD-
! iect was Of course 10 effect "a reformation OF the
Church, and if possible, to bring the l'roieStantS
/ again within the folds of the Church. The Council
net on the 18th of December and ON the 9Th of Feb
TuaTy agreed upon the Nicene Creed as the OASIS Oh
further action.
/ The Council then proceeded TO determine great
doctrnal questions On the eh of April 1t declared
that tradition was equally with the Bible, Tne OF
faith, and proclaimed the Nulgatc as the authentic
version. including the ApOcrypha IN the canon OF
| the Bible In the three following sessions, which
! consumed nearly wear, the Catholic doctrines
| of original sin, justification, and the sacramentS,
were defined, and the Council then adjourned to Boz
lOgna on account Of being exposed TO the plague at
Trent. The Council at Bologna promulgated no de-
crccS, ana III september. l1iJ, was pro-
Togued by Pope Paul Ill 1t was IeaSsenbed at
Trent in ljl and great efforts were made to effect
reconciliation of the PTOtestants but war break
ing out bctween the Protestant princes of Germany
and the Emperor, the Council suspended its deibra
tiOns early 1852 During this period the doctrines OF
the eucharist and of confession and CXtrche unCtion
were promulgated. The Council was again rcOpencd
| in 1862! A strenuous effort was now made 10y France
| and Germany to have the cup extended 10 the laly
ami Tor the abolition of cclihacy and fasting. but
these propositions were lost The Council continued
TO sit for time longer defining most of the doe
tIneso sof the Church. the mass marriage, ccibacy,
purgatOry, the yeneTaon of the saints, g., and
finally closed, Dec. 4, 1863 at its tWcnyiith public
session. It's action was confirmed by the Pope and
! the CanOns and DEGREES were printed M Rome by
( Aldus in 1864. The Council OF Trent when defining
the doctrine of original sin expressly declared that
| il did not intend to include the Virgin Mary. A
/ grand cOnyOcation of bishops was held in 1871 when
the doctrine Of the immaculate Conception was de
fined by the Pope but this was not cOunc neither
was the great gathering held occasion OF the
canonzation Of the japanese martyrs in lsC2, nor
| that celebrated in June of the present year