The New York herald., 1867-02-01


from week to week sarve. At the beginning Of last
year all the freedmen who would mot make contracts
into the world utterly destitute OF food clothing bed
eng, cooking utensils, 40 This 1t would seem should
have constituted some little incentive TO them 70 make
A. euort Of better their condition But the lesson wB
rOwn away lees 70 the disadvantage Of the planters
than % the negroes themselves The man who employs
that ne will be under the necessity Of paying them
month or two In advance, in the shape Of clothing
them available fcr Ss Usruoss y s s srrsS
ton o. them. sxpsnses Of living and loss Of time con
saasssa VII not even repsy thsse advances % ~
employers and So win have motive for fulnnG their
contracts beyond what their variable fancics may sug
cosnize no obligations beyond what arc mpds imperative
b. the physcal superiority ofths vhitsa 4 ia
10 labor account Of the burden and
imposes the women alike strenuousy object 70 be-
cause Il e hhomik.sng They wi sss.gs chessfSy
Ia rarely the case that will 60 with regularity anA
promptness 70 work in the field This il mighl s. rs-
cation yet noted Of the progress or the fsosi sngls
year Of unreexansd freedom Of action has bssa sufa
reared sisS g much care md anxiety ssd q sssos >
their lifelong masteBi Put labor beyond the poWer 81
snnoyins him by s insasste appess ana re ns:dne. -
mens sai he can shoot With Il nasssss litls 5 hi
e, shotgun. revolver or common pisto iii 10 capable
Of performing the one grand function OF making noss
ne Is eatisne0. Win this, II ne Is pefmtteos o0u can
get possession Of the necessary ammunition he viii ide
away his whole time scarcely ever bringing in anything.
and never thinking where his food is TO come froA
until he is ready to put II In his mouth. Tho woman
finds her heaven below in freedom from toll. gaudy
apparel hoop skirts and cheap ewery Give her thesss
and she twill not call the Queen her aunt"
In their houses everything siovcny and dis
ordered look Even the few things they have are per-
%sd 70 % dsggangy n Y and are
And in their cooking they are not moro ceanly 5qunt
ting before the FIRE in the ashes OF their capacoas
vInof, lrttl.f
skillet which their frying baking and washing sf
dishes and hands done by turns without exaggera-
in some Of the best regulated families Of poor whcs
They do not sit at table when they eat,
Ss a s msa .na
at some seasons of the year. bacon gives place TO
sum- and rats when they can be had are esteemed
great delcacy Their children rugged and hearty
general rule and grow up without any apparent care.
many of them with scarcely o rag OF covering.
that he has not the slightest idea Of its functions or s
purpose The only government he knows anything
about y that Of the lash Or shs vii Of his master and
inquire The system under which he has grown up has
dwarfed every faculty Of his mind and his only asprs
ertlon he may and then 70 eat and sleep In this
State he has never heard dreamed OF the
Sos un snos the
running away under the spur Of some extraordinary
grievance has been limited 70 the swamps and cane
otherwise, have never permitted single nay Of light
in regard the world and its dongs umine the
transprc around hm Ill he appreciate and =
be supposed he nterpres these 10 tho most iteeA
can hardly be- called, for the words seldom have either
connection sense; but the melody Of their voices
surpasses anything ever heard Some Of their funeral
chants though exceedingly simple. are more solemn anA
affecting ha anything heard ON similar occasions o. The
Notwithstanding The gratitude OF tie freedman for hin
deliverancs, and the uniform sympathy and kindness
manifested for Union soldiers during the war; he s st
his sssociate hs fellow rather than q bis supercr Il:
listens to him, trusts him. condes In him he would
one Of his owa raee but he does not rscognne his
NOR 70 control bis action 70 his former master q any
man who speaks with the authority Of slavehoider
accordance with eli this lessons Of his Iics He
csonot forget IN yearperhaps NOS tn the present sea
eration-hs caseohsm which he has been century I.
should. The Northern man onds, then, a. necessary
CONSEQUENCES Of this state Of things that though he
active Forces he ss at the mercy of the old ossesn
planter whenever the latter choices 10 make an authos
si iesis ana o6sys he power which Ss has ss~sys
been taught 20 respcc and simply loves and conndss
the power which sympathsed e with him IN As opprss-
lief fnis tho TO wich hts apprectaton gees:
and IL may mot bs improper 70 remark that The =
in perfect harmony with the uniform teachings Of bin
The Freedmsns Bureau, while bsuedcsns in IL II,
che impossbity Of administering il viii hoasssy ss1
discretion It Is true that some sort OF protsciss & in
aspe1ssoe 20 sne csemsn N ms period o. SLOW tr!ns
satisaed he does not 6nd In this institution Il may
exercise saiutary innsence By is name upon some
pec ha; has real tefr0s for them; bat have nS&
heard Of an instance, out Of several applications made
the complaint The appreended reason Of this ID the
case In mind was thai the agent was Southern maa,
vas rather grasaed than otherwise .. the dcsisy Il
the freedman With his employer as would sqsarn him
TO have nothing 70 do with the damned Yankees here
after"
The labor question, particularly in the farming dis
icts OF the South and In Wow OF IT. bearing upon
OF the most important staples OF this country certainly
large crop cotton by half Vii Ss Sy negro
labor as was done under the slave system True Shs
freedman may, after the novelty Of bis new relations
responsibilities Of those relations but the inevitable
tendency OF his mind will be that in proportion he
aad its subteruges In that same proportion will he
grow restive and impatient and dissatisfied with tho
NANTES even now in the anxiety Of 60 many Of he
more Intelligent 70 kcep store" TO peddle" and
70 speculate" In short, the practical education which
is Necessity mako the freedman a valuable citizen
win aos certainly have the effect OF sending him away
from the fields or whose labor he holds monopoly.
Of educatinAhm, but rather warning 10 those inter-
eed 70 be epared for such an emergency BY providing
III effects Of such seSenoy ss ssye uU"e ~. -
sctoed Dy encouraging the immigration OF white labor
e,s am esisaed from my own experience that the
class O. men wh build the canals and railroads Of tho
North would, in year two. well acclima-
ted that they cou perform nearly twice the labor that
black man wiz; \, il he chooses TO work his own land
that he can make imuch profitable than he can by
farming " IN the cntomary way in the North
CONDITION OF rE SOUTH IN LEGAL RESPECTS.
Imporrant Decisias by Chief Justice Walker.
The following may btaken as a correct syiabus ar
the opinion Of Chief Juice Walker the case Of Wat
son and wife va StopN from the Probate Court Il
Fira-The existence cfshe State Of Alabama was ncs
destroyed BY secession I'd the military and political
events which followed H.
Second-Thc government the State during the war
at least de ccso governent though not acting is
United Staes and aacts ucr authority OF the ieQis
laon Of such de fdcto governnt before the surrender
so Tar as they were executed ar>valId
Third-The validity OF such acA does not depeud uuoa
the conformity Of the law 70 = constitution Of ths
United States
tet,tA.-cusrdIaus who have ads Investments il