davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01

The Contest in Tennessee.

The radicals ofTennessee arc max
ing magnificent fight. They stand
squarely up and meet their old rebel
enemies with the same vigor, which
characterized Tennessee loyal sol
dicrs during the rebellion.
Brownlow, Maynard, Fletcher and
Eaton, are doing yeoman service and
feel confident of success. Riots have
occurred in several portions of the
state, resulting in blood-shed in
most cases, but we are glad to know
that the hosts battling for liberty
and right do not fail to return blow
for blow This is deplorable
state Of affairs and much to be re
grcttcd, but experience has taught
us that there is no more sense in
tampering and reasoning with many
OF the besotted and barbarized yota-
ries ofslavcry than with the saw
age Camanche Of the Plains.
We are glad to note that the pros
pect of success in Tennessee for
Union men is good. .
We look forward with great inter
est to the result Of the election in
that state, on next Thursday, the
iirst of August. We most earnestly
hope that the combined hosts of reb
eldom under the leadership Of A
johnson may be wiped out.
Rebels and coppcrhoads there are
counting the votes of the colores
men, with all the treachcrous cum
ming of tie serpent.
The Hon. A. j. Fletcher gives ths
following humorous but apt iIlustra
ton of their position in speech de
livered by him to an immense audi
ancc on the 18Th inst at Mcmphi,
Tennessee.
Let us illustrate. Two travellers
passing through wilderness, come
across II man, bound hand and foot
One of these men believes in improv
ing the condition OF his fellow men
and says, LETS turn the poor man
loose" "No" says the other, | ar
opposed to any change;let him ;,lo4l..
| am Il conservative. [Langhte,
and arplause.] The humane MAJ
proceeds to loose him and gets one
hand loose; makes another struggle
and gets another loose, and contin-
ues until everything is loosed but the
little finger, when the conservative
says, II have been your friend al
the timc.' Laughter, ard .prolong
ed and enthusiastic applause. i
Why" says he, ibid not we use tt
play together when we were little
children? was not II good master:
| have Il friend down here, Mr. Ethe
ridge, | wonld like you to vote foi
him; walk in; let's take n drink
LApplause.] When You were slaves
the infant could be snatched
from the bosom of its mother
Voices in different parts Of the
house, "That's SO, That's so'1 The
husband was sold in Virginia. the
wife in Texas" Voices, "That's SO,
"That's sol From this ahject con
dition you have been elevated to the
position Of free American citizens
lArplause, and cries Of Obi own, ow,,
"lsrownlow.'] Will you suffer any
man to betray, you intovoting gainsl
the Radical party? [Cries of.Nevcr,'
Never" from all parts of the house
and applause.]
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
School Books
and
STATIONERY.

new style Of Ladies' Rrac5 and Skirt
supporters warranted ~ pleas:.
An endless variety of Fine Perfumery
and Handkerchief Extracts.
Tooth Observation-Disclosures express.
ly for us in Paris.
Wea.e agents for Ritter's Patent "Rai-
ical Cure" I'R USS. which we warrant ta
be better than any i'm use.
FANCY and TOILET SOAPS, single
cake or gross.
A full stock Of Fancy Goods.
WHITE LEAD-Collier's, Ef
GLASS 4 PUTTY,
FRUIT JARS-new STYLES.
PAINTS IN OIL.
L1NsEED, CARBON, LARD,
and all other kinds Of Oils. de-. d.. &c,
We invite the public 10 call and get our
prices, Ms weGAN AFFORD to sell lower
than parties paying high rents, and we
WW.
Prescriptions carefully filed nj all ours.
Corner Main and Green streets, opp -
site the .B,llingali House, Ottunwa, Iowa.
Jnne "a, '67-lwtF ttFtE3
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01

Office belonging to the gift Of the poo
pie Of Wapello county, then will |
withdraw my name, and trustir G
that every loyal man will give to them
their individual support.
s. KIRKpArRIcK.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01

from informasion, to the best of his
own knowledge and belief
N. CALLAM, Notary Public.
The following are the fecommend-
atoms referred TO-, which will show
tho intimate terms Of the witness.
with Mr. J ohnson, and the opinion Of
the latter regarding his character:
state oil srAnr,essee, Executive DEBT,
Nashville. Ten1s., October, is, 1857.
Hon. h. NJ. Stanton, Secretary OF War,
Washington, b. c..
Having formed the acquain 'ance Of
Captain -, Of Indiana, ! find him
10 be gentleman Of integrity and y
very deserving young man.
! lie dcsircslhe appointment Of Cap.
ltai,, and Coinmissary Of Subsistence
Tor Assistant Qna,termaster in the
volunteer service. | believe Captain
well qualified for the position he
seeks, and woGld give entire satisfac-
! tion to the Government in the dis
chasgeof the,-.dntics imposed upon
him, and. If consistent with the pub
lie service, hope that the. Secretary
lof War viii confer Upon him the ap-
| pointmcnt. "a 7gi, haGa n
have the honor to be-. very re.
specially, your obcdient servant, Il
ANDREW JOHNSON,
Br;sadier General and Military Gov
Stat. ii Tennessee, Executive Dept, |
:. Nashville, Tenn, Nov. II. ls!i4 ]
lion. y, ". stanton, oecy OF ar;
! DEAR EAR SIR Allow ..' me 10 introduce
70 yoaf iavoraose. CONSIDERATION Mr
OF inalaha; att desires
the COMMISSION OF lommissary %
i SUBSISTENCE Of Captaln ana ASSISTANT
i .1uai sermas'er, ana earnestly rec
ommend nm iorsuch an appointments
nave tiie honof 20 DC
! very resrecunliy,
4 ~ -FOUR opeuieht servant ".
j ANDREW JOHNSON. !,
4 bf'gaaier uehcfin a'la Miiitafy MY MY
ernor OF tennessee tennessee CO. s...
Endofsed-iI anoihcr Com -
Is needed ietth's gentleman % APP
pointed. ..aht tt g.,l'1 T 2
4 NOV. n, lSrt' @d a. LiNcoLS.
! FURTHER EXTRACTS FROM TESTIMONY
Il, Inc following extracts are from !;
long afndavlt MADE oy one thofouSh
Nv acquainted with what TRANSFERRED
In the circles III which Mr.. Johnson
moved IN NashSiile. II oears ths
| seal Of a well known notary:
j II knew Nell ). Brown, once Coy
j at Tenn, and q noted rebel. Ht
camelto' Nashville oncc,tin 1868. ! Il
was a very hard matter to get q pass
1 to get through the lines, and Brow:
!. wanted to get one. lie called on
the Gov, and tho GOV. refused al
intercourse and interviews with 9th
acr people that day. and was alone
with, Neil S.. Brown. Either thai
night or next morning, the Gov. or
dered - to so with him TO Go
lnmbia. n. s. Brown went along
and made short speech at Column
bin, apparently on the Union side
Then Brown did not return witt
/ - ---, but went through the rebel
hines, and did not return TIL a1te
Lees surrender; and should be like
~ to see him."
Afterward the same witness cam
to Washington, when Mr.. johnson
was President. An interview at tn,
; White House is thus alluded to il
his testimony: -, $,
slle (tbe Presldento asked me VIII,
| was in a.harry to go BACK TO Tenn
i sald dov. Browniow mad calie'
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
= ndrev Johnson at Nashville
ANA Washington.
HIS FEMALE "FRIENDS"
AN INTERVIEW BETWEEN JOHNSON AND
A BOOTH.

The Cincinnati Gazette publishes
the following extracts from great
mass Of affidavits taken for tho Ju-
dietary Committee:
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
GRAND GIFT CONCERT!
FOR THE BENEFITo
lDvvA
Soldiers Orphans Home.

| IL IS well known To all citizens Of Iowa
that our Legislature mt its last session
magnanimOusly took charge. OF this insti
futon. And seeking TO provide for its
wants, made an appropriation Of a.. 33i Dor
month per capita. This donation, had no,
the price of provisions so greatly advanced
would have been abunlanlty acleouat.. Il,
meet its wants. But alas! flour IL now
ll6a2O per barrel, whereas one year ago il
could be readily purchased for 81, The
bounty provided is now exhausted. Six
months are yet to elapse before our Legis-
iatnree eonvenes. The wants of this period
inustbe supplied by charities.
NOBLE IOWA
Viii not permit the orphans OF her fuile,.
sons TO want. One course, and but one.
~ left us. They ask breau 1--WE will no.
give them stone.'' Our benevolent fol
low citizen,
Valentine k:a1nmerer. II
recently emigrating TO this country from
Germany, and bringing this Jewelry.
which he warrants to bo solid 0oid. has
been induced to place it at the disposal ot
a committee, ask Ing only in return. first
costin Europe, which. it is needless to
say, does not exceed one third Of what II
would in this country. The other proper
ty ~ 20 be purchased with money deposit
ed at the disposal Of the committee. who
have no interest in the enterprise. Con
cert will be given at
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
IMPEACHMENT.

Extracts from the Testimony Before the
judiciary Committee.
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
AT HoMT.
July, 10Th, 1867. !

EDITORS COURIER:
l have just re
received notice from one of the
political fnnctionaries of your
city. requesting me to Withdraw my
name as candidate for the office OF
County Treasurer. To this / will
cheerfully agree on conditions. Bat
before making my reasons known
for so doing; 1 will say that do moi
intend being backed off the track by
any man, or set Of men, whose 10y.
atty has never risen higher than their
mundane elevation, only when a "ten
cent motive, was in view. My
friend says that | have not ghost
of a chance of receiving the nomina-
tion-that friend of his /" has the
inside track
Perhaps some of your readers will
ask who is thistortunatc man. L. he
a crippled and disabled soldier? Did
he ever stand in the foremost ranks
when our country was bleeding at
every pore, when our republic was
struggling for national existence p
In short did he or my friend either
one, ever make any sacrifice fortheir
country? Echo answers no.
The people must examine and sat
isfy themselves in regard to this
matter. | feel that I am under
many and lasting obligations to my
many friends in Highland and else
where throughout the country for
unexpected support they have thus
far given me, (and | would earnestly
suggest to them, that when we meet in
Conveniioig let rs remember "honor
to whom honor is due.o)
lfsuch men as Cooley, Tower, &C.,
&c, arc placed i'll nominat;on for any
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
Banking and Exchange Business

sgS- Special attention given to the buy
ing and selling of Government Securities.
Money Loaned, and Collections made at
Ill accessible points, and proceeds prompt
iy RENTED.
Having long experience in Banking,
md every facility for rendering business
pleasant and satisfactory,~we respectfully
solicit a share of public patronage.
% M w. b. bONNIFTELH
President.
EDWIN WHITE.
March 4, lSe7-d&wtf Cashier. :
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
VT. PLEASANT. IOWA,
On October LIST, 1867.

Unless the tickets should sooner all have
been sold. lsss
No. of tickets Kn.itedto $4,000
Single Tickets, $100.
Ten Tickets, to Agents, 800
No. Of Gifts s::. SO
l. First number drawn by.a committee
of five Isl selected by the audience, will be
entitled to q House and Lot in the city OF
Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, valued at 100000
q One Of Steck' 8 PianOs,r 10000
3. One span Match Horses, new wagon
and harness, - a's8 ~ 650,0O
Z. Parlor Organ, 10000
chain 5000
5lS. One unique Rocket Clock 49,
The weekly Ottumwa courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1857-1872, 1867-08-01
BANKlNc
w. B. Bonnifeld.

Late President of First National Bank Of
OttunaOa. having formed 4 CO. partnership
with BENJAMIN Randall and Cary Inskeep
is now prepared to do a general
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06
LoOk After YOur Cows.

We cannot too earnestly urge upon all
. farmers to give particular attention to the
condition of their milch cows. During
the coming three months they will gener-
ally leone i'm" and the character of their
coming in will depend entirely upon the
care that shall in the mean time be taken
of them. They should be well fed, espcc-
tally on such food as is calculated to develop
the physical rather than the anatomical
structure of the calf, and to keep the COW
herself in full condition. 1t is customary
for good managers to slop" the cow
while she is giving milk, and the habit
should be continued during the interval
before coming in again. Separate your
COWS from the balance of your stock, and
see to it that they do not suffer either from
the storm or for lack of food
1t will pay to keep all your stock well,
but especially should the cows that yield
you so much profit AMI SO great luxury,
be most kindly treatel. The man who
abuses his horse is a brute, and so is the
man who ncglccts his cow during the Sc
we're winter months. Charles Mi, both
while pursuing his victorious march and
when retreating after his disastrous de-
Feat ut Pultowa, the last thing before re-
firing to his tent for the night visited his
horse, talked to him, rubbed him down,
felt Of his legs and feet, saw that he was
well provided for, and bid him kind
good night. So would every true man do
by his horses, his cows and all around
him. There is nothing like the sensibility
of gratitude even to dumb animals. Neither
is there anything relating to them that pays
better.
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06

A VALUABLE MEDIcrNE.-Dr. Polands White Pine
Compound advertised in columns, is successful
attempt to combine and apply the medicinal virtues
the White Pine Bark 1t has been thoroughly tested
by people in this city and vicinity and the proprietor
hns testimonials to its value from persons well known
10 our citizens. We recommend its trial in all those
Of diseases I" which is adapted 1t is for sale
by all our druggists-Independent. 5i2m3.
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06
sCHENCK'S sEAWEED TONIC.

SCHENCK'S SEAWEED TONIC.
This medicine. invented BY DR.. j. II. SoIEycy,
Of Philade pha, is intended dissolve the food and
makeit into chymc. the first OF digcs on. By
cleansing the stomach with Schenck's Mandrake
Pills the Tonic soon restores The appetite, and iood
that could DO catcl Le.ore using will be easily
digcsted.
Consumption cannot be curel b. Schencks Pull
menic Syrup unless the stomach and liver is mado
healthy and the appetite restored, hence the Tonic
and Pills are relu red in nearly every cass OF con-
sumption. hall dozen bottle, OF the SEAWEED
TONIC and three or tour boxes OF the MANDRAKE
PILLS will cure any ordinary case OF dyspepsia.
DIR. ScHENoK makes professional visits in New
York. Boston, and at his principal Office in Philadel-
pha every week. SEE daily papers OF each place. or
his pamphlet consumption ior his days for vista
ton.
Please OBSERVE when purchasing, that the two like.
ne1ses Of the Doctor, when in the last rtage Of
Consumption. and the other as he now is in perfect
heath, are On the Government stamp
Sod by all Druggists and Dealers, price s150 per
bottle, or 7.5O the hal-dozen. All letters for advice
should 10 addressed to Dr. SouENoKs Principal
Office, No. Is North 9th Street, Philadelphia, Pa
General Whoicsae Agents: Demas Barnes Co..
N. r.; 3. S. Haace, Baltimore, Nd. John d.
Parke. Cincinnati, Ohio; Walker L. Taylor, Chi
cnso, H.. Collins Bros, st Louis. Mo.
LIST w. ca. mo. 1yr:
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06

The ladies Of America. from their peculiar habits,
are said to he the most unhealthy in the world, also to
suffer most when about to become n mother. DR.
Valpaus Pills are great blessing to all ladies' they
regulate and assist nature Sold by oil good Drug
gists. $40
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06
KNOW Thy DESTINY!

MADAME f. +. THORNTON, the Great English Astrolo-
gst, Clarvoyant and Psycometrician, who has aston
ished the scientific classes of the Old World, has
located at Hudson N. Y. Madame Thornton possesses
such wond rful powers of second sight to enable
her to impart knowledge of the greatest Importance
to the single or married Of either While in a
state of trance she deneacs the features of the per-
son you are to marry and by the aid of instrument
OF great power, known the PsychomotrOpe, guiran
tees to produce lifeke picture of the future hus
band or wife of the applicant together with date Of
marriage position in life, leading traits of character,
&C. This Is no humbug, thousands of testimonials
can assert. She will send, when desired, certified
certificate, written guarantee, that the picture is
what it purports to be- by enclosing small lock of
hair and stating place of birth, disposition and
compilations and enclosing fifty cents and stamped
ve'ope addressed to yourself you will receive the pic
ture and desired information by return mail All
communications sacredly confidential. Address, in
confidence MADAME +. +. THORNTON,
lysn539 p o. Box 223, Hudson n. Y.
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06
Wonderful But True

MADAME REMINGTON the world-renowned As
trologist and SOmnanbulistc Clarvoyant, while i'm
cairvoyant state deneates the very features of the
person you to marry, and by the aid OF insru.
ment OF great power, known rs the Psychomotrope,
guarantees to produce perfect and le-like picture
Of the future husband wife of the applicant with
date of marriage occupation leading traits of charac-
ter, &c This is no imposition. testimonials with
out number will assert. BY stating place Of birth,
age, disposition, color of eyes and hair and enclosing
fifty cents and stamped envelope addressed to your
self, you will receive the picture by return mail to.
gether with desired information. E- Address ia con-
fdencc, MADAME GERTRUDE REMINGTON
1ysn539 P.O. Box 297, West Troy, N. Y
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06

Beg A You've LADY retiring to her
country home after snjourn of few months in the
City, was hardly recognized by her friends In place
Of coarse, rustic, flushed face she had soft ruby
complexion OF almost marble smoohness, and instead
OF twenty-three she really appeared but eighteen
plainly told them that she used the Circassian
Balm! and considered it an invaluable acquisition
to any iAadys toilet by its use any Lady Gentle
man can improve their personal appearance IN hun
dred fold. 1t is simple in its combination as Nature
herself is simple yet unsurpassed in its efficacy in
drawing impurities from, also healing, cleansing and
identifying the skin and complexion. BY its direct
action on the cHticle it draws from II its impurities
kindly healing the same and leaving the surface
Nature intended it should be, clear, soft, smooth and
beautiful. Price 81, Sent by Mail Express, on re.
ceipt OF an orderb W. L. CLARK CO., Chemists.
1ysn539 No.3West Fayette St.. Syracuse N. Y.
The only American Agents for the sale of the same
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06
Valuable Property

E'oF SALEl
FIaHE 81 Of nwA, Sec. II, T. 90, r. so acres
l. First quality unimprOved Prairie Land in Howard
County, miles from the and growing town of
CrescO.
The nwk of Sec. %, T. 9S, r. 17-1so acres. Coed
Prairie land well watsred in Mitchell Co., and within
4 miles Of West Mitchell.
The SEA Of SEA Sec 3D. +. ITO, II. p, in Rice Co.,
Minnesota.
Nine acres of Timber Land of of the neL Sec 7.
Z. lO3, X. L. in FILLMORE Co, MINI.
Also Lots Is and l6. in Block IS, Prairie du Chen
Land Co.'s Addition.
Lots l and 3 in Block II, Town Of Mazomanie, Wis.
Lot g. in Block 20, Village Of Clayton, Clayton Co.,
Iowa.
Lot g. in Block 81, and Lot s, In Block I, Town Of
North McGregor, Iowa.
Also onethird interest in tho following described
property, tO-wit:
O,e hundred and twenty acres of Timber Land, with
che Water Power. Saw and Stave Mills with Machine
~ complete and IN running order thereon.
Also 10 acres Of Land, known as the Fillmore Mill
property, consisting Of Large Stone FIGURING Mill,
1urrs Machinery and appliances therein complete for
rnnxking best merchantable -four together with the
ter Power, Barns, Stock-Yards Town Lots &C., &C..
situated and being in the Town Of Fillmore, Fillmore
DO. Minnesota all Of which will be sold cheap for
pash.
For terms and particulars, apply to
Thomas Arnold.
Assignee Of La Kinuaird.
ke6r>6%. Tet, 40, ESa6
North Iowa times. [volume] (McGregor, Iowa) 1867-current, 1867-03-06

McGregor Prize Concert,
BE
Cambrian Hall, Wednesday, April 10, 81
N1a.ieai
will
entail Of
1895 Valuable Gifts, Valued at $50, 365.oo
32,365.Tickets Issued. Price $1.00 each.
Admitting . . Concert
Every Eighth Ticket Draws a Prize.
Perfec "a anP Property in our
LIST OF PRIzES.
South Branch intelligencer. [volume] (Romney, Va. [W. Va.]) 1830-1896, 1867-11-01
The ohio Llccs:op
TERRIBLE STORM IN TEXAS.

The New Orleans Picayune Of the 29th
nlt., has late advccs Of the destruc tive cf-
iects Of tGc storm on the Rio Grande: III
Corsco Of the 18th ult. says the hurricane
was tie most terrible within themcmory of
man ON this frontier 4 perpetual bonn
bardm-nt Tor year could hardly have dome
so much damage as happened from 'his one
nights STORM. Twcnty-siS persons were
killed al Malamoros, and ten killed aud 81
wounded in Brownsville
At Brazos so far az known. twelve per-
sons persisted. The schooncrs Ella a he
dash wcrc blown high ashore. Only two
houses were left standing ct CliEsgiile ;
none at Bnglad loss Of lif, at the latter
place not known. Ninety 1.-THE inhabitants
escaped by going on board q vessel which
rode out tie storm. The rest must have
porishcl
Thy negro soldiers aud tb.ir cGiccrs at
Brazos, il Us saii, acted most infmously
they r"' or.. ..-s.a a.l assistance TO the
1r.ln- a"I E.,.g families, but tl.ov
retired q. g. sheltered part Of the island. ana
ih' .lj-r returned thc rcxt dav o. rob
wrecked good under the remains Of ware
bou-es and dTeIiucs Ole o. tA,m shot
and H..cl o citizen, who detected him r15-
b.og The officers Gll nothing T.. check
Che triaaaIi-m.
From q lang lit of dauaecs 40 Browns
vile, we extract tho following: King &
Kennedy Warehouse. roof blown Oft and
tnc building very badly damaged The
county court-housc and Jail were complete
ly destroyed, aud ,ha prisoners were OH at
large. Iua entire square between First,
b,,"n, fourccuth, I.eyce and Elizabeth
sir.c va destroyed. including The Rau-
cae'o Office and Masonic Hell. The Office
OF tic Courier had tho roof blown or
The sc iicncc Of W. j. Stark, New York
Herald correspondent, was completely de-
stroyed; custom house wall down; Pres
byterian church destroyed postoficc build
iug roof of the hotel and elegant billiard
saloon Of Miller almost ruined; The iron
7 building Of Wilkins, Hcyo q Co., totally
destroyed the Episcopal church, between
7 Tenth aud First streets, destroyed; seven
brick and four frame houses either totally
destroyed or so injured az to DO uninha6-
table
+ In Ma;amoras fifteen hundred huis and
/ houses were blown down. The creates
distress and want prevails at ell points, and
snpeols sro made for roij-C
South Branch intelligencer. [volume] (Romney, Va. [W. Va.]) 1830-1896, 1867-11-01

The VIRGINIA CoNvENTIoN.-It il To-
Iieved that not more than two-,hirds Of the
white registered vote of Virginia was cas- t
an the late election. The Richmond Iyhip
states that the convention has been carried
by not less than twenty thousand that the
negroes voted for it with almost talunanim-
,'y; that probably nincty-fve per cent. of
The whites voted against it; that the con.
vention is radical by from ten to twenty ma
)ority; that number Of negroes, not less
than twenty, are elected, and that the ne
groes,with only very rare exceptions, voted
for radicals.