Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1867-03-03

that family South America j. the home exeis
sively. Ard theirnunsher is dan y ereasl 2 q
, | the catalogues Of natural history. " hilea fe
| dozen of species were known in tbe begiDnl
/ of the century, now there aTo specie eS coIlitbe
y thonss5ds sna I. ssfls 9 ss every a Saii ai
has rs own kind, and that in closely aetoinin
districts you find entirely dfferent speciei
You see AZ once that this innn ere DC nun
i ion leaving but Che presence or one kilId 4
every little district has naturally led % ~
| inference that these animals wherever they gt
are modified according 20 the circnnBtanee
I under which they live. That explanation
perhaps as plausible as that these animals nav
varied from the beginning 10 suit The local. lies
| but the Interpretation which seems 70 prevail
now Is that animals assume peculiar eharaeie ef
whereyer they go gd Another soos iTican yPsi 1isn e
| lively, Is that OF the Toueaus aIother alaliy Q
climbing bird, rem bic for IN ar
/ Dimensions OF their bills, the bid belni
about as long, and apparently as heavy IS th'
| body, although it Is u0t 50 heavy ~ q woult
seem, on account q IL cellular strneiHres y
50 cellular internally that its weight = Sight
! but its appearance IS that Of colossal biii
| The G blrds are remarkable for the peculiarly
| Of their color; but instead OF having th0s,
/ the variation OF nstalic color under d-hereni
| Influences ofHgbt, IS IN the case g The eoium
bal they have definite patches Of colOrs, put On
In the most striking JuxtapositioB. band o
] yellow pat on By the side Of band Of red ol
| blue; band Of white on the sides OF the meek
| the rest Of the body being blacs, o.
/ a white breast with a very marked body
| being black. or a white breast with a very
| marked and wei described ring o. pril,
color And 50 are al ths REPRESENTATION
OF the family Of Toueaes, remarkable for Lhis
strange distribution Of lints, ana the dispropoI-
hUmnling birds, and par. quets, form a chariae-
teristle feature Of the dying tribes OF the class
Of birds IN these tropicld lesions. CT The
ciss bat they have Isothing very spesial They
resemble in a N snnfr our .rhierEi but there
Is no tribe OF this family Of perthing birds
which constitutes characteristics fes5u = ~ toe
continents as DO those , HEB iiaFe aiEead y
enumerated. Among the blr,fs o. ptey tn9fe
are some which deserve q special nGtleei and u
Is particularly aJnong The VI cures that We ind
them. One black vulture, somewhat similar
70 that which IS found in ths s0uthern states,
are animals decay ing. There is ear
rion crow ike ours and another spei ies
nearly a. large as the eagle itself EnaEn under
the name Of the King Of The WRITES W ich Ij
remarkable for the beauty 20 its cOiors, tae
feathers Of its head heiHgof elegant white yell
low and red, with a sort OF light hal6 q golden
unge over the ups OF the feathers, Whlah gives
them a very elegan apps arance. These are he
largest Of the birds o. prey IN thelloTee part OF
south America; while N the higher and
mountainous regions the ecDGsr Is E4end
which is The largest bird Of prey ksOwn On the
earth. In the fat coun Jries OF ssuth America,
which are south Of the valley OF. the Amazon,
N tie dry regions to the west OF RuenOs Ayres
as also % he west OF Banaii ostrlsnes sffe toqud
which Teseit,b.s ne Afic uslrieh- In
every respect excepting size, tIsB beiug
about one-fhrd the sizs OF the AfIican Os-
trich AMI differing further in having three toes
Instead OF two SO that south "A merica has
is peculiar features in the eiass Of s.rd, Wen
as N that q EepEes al3i ln tHal q Lslles for
characterize ze the old world, the preponderanre
Of size Of the ostrich Of Africa so4apa1ed with
that OF south AnleI1sa, the Large Humber and
extaordinary dimensions or The eagle, aud OF
the vulture tribe and their preHOnd ice in
the old world over the vultares OF south
America, shows again that in the class Of birds
the type OF South Ameries istnferior % that Of
the old word Il hzfl ting y pressnt tio
uhject in its fullness. could show you that
this obtaiHs not only Tor South America
but for North America also, that The animal
world CT North Ameriea tS Gld-fashf fot, ed and
inferior IN Inparison With the animal
world OF other parts OF the globe Am'r-
assumed It's form as contiaent, North Ameri-
ca as well as South America, al .g-H7Ceh eatIier
period tiial any othsr eatt "a tre gishe. north
range, it had its AlleghaniGs and it had its
Rocky Mountains II was continent loEg be-
fore europe lad ,,ssanlsd those .eatuTes which
with south America Aud il relation to this
sin gular geological fact, we md bhat the ami
mails living upon this continent resemble those
% an older age in the cd woria, ana ale fhfs-
rior ia bglk TO .hoss lghiCn are fiund on tha
continents OF Europe, Asia and Africa When
in my next lecture, shall speak OF the mon
keys and men. and shall compare the races OF
humanity and the different families 0f mon
keys, shall have another opportunity Of show
mails IN tne old wOEld to that " the new. But
let US take a glance at the Quadrupsd before
closing these FemsFkS The large qqadrupeis
biDpopottamus, and the girarfe-whe~e are they
at home2 In Africa and Asia. There are 20
rep -esentaiives OF these families in South
America. The large carniverous animalR-the
lions and tfgers-where are they at homsq In
Africa ana A slG- a lidtf there ere panthe efs aud
red lions, 50 called, IN South America, they are
Inferior in size, Inferior iu strength, aHd tnfe-
rior in structure 20 those which inhabit the cid
world. But lei me state mare la detail these
aDimals ana we shall satisfy ourselves that
the type OF this anin3l kingdom Of
South America is perhaps fn'erior, even
more in reference to it's Quadrlpeds than in
reference to suy other class. IN the ffrst plaes
among the aquatic lsadru Iels-dIuguE the
aquatic mamr1qlia, bepaase they are not quad
ocean the whales or pOFpeises. In Brazil we
find that certain number Of p0Ep0iass are
t2uld IN NE ainasol ,i,s - Icy are smau
in the extraordinary uniformity of their denti-
ton. The beshuebOy the so-cailed sea-eOw is one
OF the lowest types Of his class OF mamalia, am
IL TrepoDd deratas IN the rivers or sOath Arner-
lea, and Is even found in our southern fresh
waters. IN Tampa bags in Z 4Or.sls, sye have one
rfvt rs emptyirg z into the Gulf OF Mexico. II is
found in the 0rinoco and in the Amazon, a
is an animal " hiea may Wei be com pared with
pOpoi anus without tusks and without legs but
only with psir Of ShoTt paddles the 5aiI OF
which is bread and long, ard constructed some
what like the tail Of the beaver, and serving a.
AZ oar to raise the bOdyseaslyv TO tho surface OF
the water, in order TO breathe. Among the ter
@ Ee5la % % bat ogfcy b E hSSS vtb Gfef t6s %
elk or reindeer, nothing TO compare with Ihe
hart or antelope, which are fou8d all over Asia
ard Africa, and some OF which are even found
90 our northern continent. There is not a sin
gle wild bull, while in all other continents
Juere are sPeries Of thai family. In North
Americs there is the buf4iO; a. the Cape OF
GOOd Hope another kind OF buffalo, In Asia
everal kinds Of Wild bgH, and the primitive
depopulated, Two kinds Of wild ball were
known, one of Whl9n IL still found
in one flrFest "a Russia SO that everyw here we
md the bull family represen ted IN the diflerent
coutiuents except N South America. The
largest ruminants are small deer. Africa has
a variety Of Wild horses; Asia a va
riety Of dOnlkeys. and Africa another species Of
that aniul~ but America h9s no species Of that
animal ne one to compare even IN any Of its
charaeis' Istic features. Asia Ak ia Europe have
dromeGafies and caneLs, lostead OF whicn
South America has only the small kind Of that
family known as the lima The vigOna and the
alpaca. which are mountain animalsi while
{ h larger species in The old world tnhabit the
desert, Ihan o. the aIaily which embraces
the elephant, the fhinoceros, The uippopots-
mus, aud the ike, which are characterized
by the thickness Of their skins, and By
their heavy hOofs, which are known under
the name Of pacnyderms, OF that family south
America has only two sDaH Biuds. the tsplr
and kind Of wild kcg Of small Dimensions;
while the other continents haze laFg kinds o.
wild hogs, ani the larger quadru eds to which
has a family a'moss OF itsolf Of low quadTu-
pedS, which az hardy repeated IN any other
pant Of the world Naturalists call them eden
J8ta. They are remarkable for their lack Of
dentition, there are no front teeth, hardly any
eye teeth, and the grinding teeth are OF a very
simple structure. The antseatsrs, the tatou-
hous, and tie arlnaqiio, are OF this kind. Now
there are only one or two species Of this family
in Africa and Asia, while In south America
they are really numerous, and not only are
they numerous now, but were numerous in for
mer ages. Large nu bers Of them existed in
iormer ages Whlch were relnarSa9is ioF thelr
colossal size. You may nave hsaIG OF the curl
Gus animal discovered by Jefferson in the
southern states. the bones OF which alone have
been found among the fos lis Of he southern
in the structure Of its fingers. but which was
an animal o! about the dimensions OF the
horse. The magatheTium IS another, some
bones Of which have been found in Ken ucky
and in Georgia, and quite a numoer OF them
have been found in South America. That COLI
tinent was essentially inhabited by gigantic
slOtES, and anteaters, and armadulos, duf1ng
the period Immediately preceding ours
" hi & our continent Is much earlier in time,
the maHnmalia of the old world had already
attained a superior standing We see BY al
This that the forms Of animal life which char
acteriZe south America are really Of sn tnie-
rior standard 70 those of other ports q the
world. ! need not for The present. compare
the monkeys OF south America with these
OF other portions OF the gtoee' as sbali
make that comparison the subject OF a special
lecture next TUESDAY but IL IS a curious fact
that the carDiverous animals even, which oc-
are II an in iertor stamp. Instead of bears, as
we have them even il th5 northern continent.
and everywhere else upon the globe, there are
badgers and smaller kinds OF the bear fam
ily; and the large carniYerOus animals OF
the tropics are Represented only by the ounce
and panthrr. That being the case, you see
that we might establish a sort OF standard OF
relative position between the continents, as far
as their animal population is conceTned, Just
as in each continent we may establish stand
ard between the different animals as they &C.
cupy q higher or lower position, in accordance
with the cement in which they live. And
these facts acquire a greater importance ana
a higher Significance when We examine the
mode az arONvth of these aDiinals, when we
study heir formation in the egg, snd their
chang there, and their transform alton
pletsd their growth heOaose then It ap-
pears that they are so closely related TO
one another that the idea Of the trans OF ma
ton Of the higher out of the lower seems per-
fectly natural, and were It not cor other changes
we might remain satisfied with that expltHa
ton which is now prevalent among Dsturai-
ISIS as in reality the true explanation Of the
mode Of origin CT all animals. And that you
idea will now proceed 10 show you how great
is the resena blancs between all animals OF this
type curing certain periods Of their growth 1
will proceed to ab0W you that all verlehrates,
whether ashes reptiles, birds or quadrUpeds
moi excluding man. vhen they begin their
form nati on have one and the same type; that
all arise. ike all other animals, Il ON eggs.
and thai the egg has the same structure, in
!cg ON the b0ardl And that egg Is simple
bag in lis fnfancy-no ieIoscoplcsIly small-sO
snail thae wien Il Is hrst forming 10 requires
tbe highest power of the microscope to detect
1t. Bpt thai egg Wil grew rev, t3rger, and as II
condensed matter appearing inside, and one Of
them NAV acquire a greater prominence than
the other, SO that t9e ess appears axe bag