The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1867-01-23
1.-THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH -PHILADEIPHA, WE

/ admit that British writers on political
economy, who assume the hypothesis Of lree
trade, have occupied the field for more than
half century, but the unsOundncss Oh Ihelt
theory mas peen shown, not only Dy Jhe closet
reasoning OF latter writers, Out also by the
wisest political statesmen OF all hlghly pros
porous countries.
have said, duties which were so severely con,
dcmned by political economists should nOJ ~
is true, be an object to the treasury; they Shoulu
be the guaranty and protection of natlon,
and should correspond with the nature ana oo-
jects of its trade. Holland, which IS destitute
of production and manufactures ana WhiCu
has a trade only of transit commerce, should be
free OF all feters and barriers. France, on the
contrary which is rich in every sort of prOduc-
ton and manufactures, should incesSantly
guard against the importations OF a riVtl VINO
might still continue TO be superior TO her, ana
also against the cupldlty OF eBotlsIn anu HULL
ference of mere brokers.
have not fallen into the error of modern
systematisers who imagine that all the wisdom
OF nations is ceutered in themselves. EXpe-
rleuCe is the true wisdom OF nations, ana what
does all the reasoning of the economists amount
to. At another time he said If an empire were
made of admant political economists would
grind IL to dust. For myself, prefer TO accept
the practical wisdom OF this great man rather
than the speculaJOns of Adam smith or any OF
IT. then, il has been shown by practical results
that, taking "a series OF years, prices are cheap
enCd rather than advanced by protection to
home manufacturers by stimulating home COM
petition, ana that there Is harmony with, in
stead of autagOnism to- all the great interests
Of our country, the foundation upon which the
the whole fabric falls.
But suppose, for the sake of argument, that
the money price Of an article was advanced To
the extent OF the duties imposed it does not
follow that IL isactualy dearer to the consumer.
Fun employment to the laborer increases his
power to buy and consume, ana agriculture
contCSSedly supplies large part of his wants.
The artisan who makes the plough, the axe, the
mower OF the reaper, whether he does 1t In Eng
land or America, must be fed. Ifhe be an AmG-
rican artisan, tho more fully you keep him
employed, the greater his ability to purchase
your products He must, of necessity, have
bread, and he must, therefore, be customer
for what the farmer has.
Twenty years ago last autumn, said Mr.. Cat
tell, / embarked in the trade of DreadstuifS in
the city of Philadelphia. At hat time, and for
some succeeding years, the entire volume OF
my business was made up of cOnsignmentS of
agricultural products from the valleys OF the
Susquehanna, the Juniata, and the Lehigh. l
have not the figures at command, but am sure
l speak within bounds when say that my own
house and the four or five others doing business
from the same points must have received from
this quarter four or ttVe millions of bushels
of cereals per annum. Philadelphia is still
the natural market for the surplus products
of this territory, but for some years past
there have not been conSignmentS enough
received from that entire section to realize
commission sufficient to pay the salary of
receiving clerk. DO you ask has production
fallen fallen of, answer no: on the contrary
it has increased. But the whole line of these
valleys has been dotted with furnaces, aud
forges, and rolling mills, and saw mills, and
factories, and workshops, filled with operatives,
and the consumer of agricultural products has
been brought to the farmers doors. He now
finds a reader market for his products at home,
at prices equal to those ruling on the seabOard,
of which he aVails himself, and thus saves all
the cost OF transportation ana iactorage, equal
at average prices to about twenty per cent.
Nay, more sir My own firm has frequently,
within the past few years, sold and shipped TO
millers in one of these Valleys-that in which
the iron interest has been most developed, the
Lehigh-wheat drawn from Michigan, Illinois,
Wisconsin and Iowa, to supply the deficiency
in the cOnsumptive want, and those products
of the prairie West were sold too at price far
N of what cOul1 have been rpaliZed nv
expectation to any country on the face of the
globe AS a consequence of this state of things,
land has risen in value through all this section,
and farms that could have been bought, fifteen
twenty years ago, at forty or fifty dollars per
acre, now saleable at one hundred and
fifty and two hundred dollars per acre. VII
lagos have grown TO be towns and towns have
grown to be cities, agriculture and manufac-
lures have clasped hands, and prosperity reignS.
Mr.. SPRAGUE Or. IL called attention to the ne
cessity for increased protection to the linen in
terest in this country. lie thought unmanutac-
tured flax ought to be admitted duty free, so as
10 encourage the manufacture OF linen in this
Pending the consideration of ihe bill the
Senate went into Executive session.
on motion of MIR. CoNNESS, the Senate soon
after adjourned,
House of Representatives.
WASHINGTON, January 22.-On motion of Mr..
Schenck (Ohlo) the Secretary of the Interior was
requested to communicate information relative
to the condition and occupancy Of the Hot Springs
Reservation IN Arkansas.
The morning hour commenced by Mr.. Wilson
(iowal from the judiciary Committee (which was
called for rel OTts reporting back the Senate bill to
confirm the title OF the Messrs. Clark to cerGain
lands IN Florida, claimed under Spanish grant
Referred TO the Committee on Private Land q aims
Also, joint resolution for The rehef OF Chares
Clarke Marshal of the United States Tor the Dis
trct of Maine. Referred to the COMMITTEE on
| CLAIMS.
| Also the House bill introduced by Mr. ngham
! December TO- 10 declare valid and conclusive GER
rain proc amatIons OF the President and acts done
in pursuance thereof or of his orders in the sup.
| preston of tine late Rebellion against the United
| States, with sundry amendments. The amendmtnts
were agreed TO ana the Dill was recOmhlCtedj Ihe
COMMITTEE to give one days notice of is being re-
! ported AS amended, 1t reads as folows:-
Be it enacted That all ac,s, proclamations, and
orders OF President OF the United States, or act
done by his authority or approval alter the Attn Of
| March Auno Domlni 1861, and before the 1st daY o
Decem Der 1865 respecting martial law, military tra
by courts martial or military commissions, or IhC
arrest, Imprisonment, and trial OF persons charged
| with participation IN the late Rebellion against the
United States, as aIders or abettors thereof or o
anv violation of the laws or usages OF war, or al
guilty of any disOYal practice IN aid thereof, or o
afOrdng aid and comfort TO the Rebels against the
authority of the United states, and all proceelinR
and acts done or had by courts martial or military
| commissions, or arrests and mprisOnments made IL
the premises by any person by the authority OF TIT
orders or proclamations OF the President
made as aforesaid are hereby approved anC
| IN all respects legahzed and made valid, Il
the same extent and with the same efec
as if said orders and proc amatons had been issueC
and made, and said arrests, imprisonment proceed
ngs, and acts had been done under the previous eX
nTess authority and direction of the Congress of thu
United States, and in pursuance OF law thereo
previously enacted aud expressly authorizing ant
directing the same to be done and no civil court o
the United States or of any State or of the Dstrc
of Columbia, or of any district or territory of thu
United States, shall have or take jurisdiction Of or
anV manner reverse any or the proceedings nad o.
acts done aforesaid, shall any person be helC
10 answPr in any of said courts. for any act done o
omitted to be done in pursuance of any of SAID pro
clamations orders, or by authority or with thu
approval OF the President, within the period atore
said, and respecting any of the matters aforesaid
and all officers and other persons the service o
the United States acting IN the premises shall Le hell
lJTi1G tdciu to have been authorized by the Pres