New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-02-12
THE AMAZON.

Prof AgaSsiZ on Brazil Inc hptCid euuJeCt VI
his lecture was "The Amazon and its tributaries" The
professor hogan bv giving an account Of the facilities
that were afforded him both by individuals and by the
Brazilian Government and prosecuting his investigations
and explorations He described the mode In which they
divided their labors by sending different portions Of the
company TO different parts OF the country, and
then said; ~rssS 80 ~ '.-, ---.
The chief point which I intended 10 explore
was the geographical distribution OF the aquatic
animals. And here must say what was the rea-
specially There is no question now which engages 80
extensively and deeply naraists than that OF the Og
of living beings. Now before anything can De d0ne
the coming in Of this immense variety OF nyng Delngs
ha on peUga Ie n6 Sw S Conditions under which these
live In the localities which they are spfetu lha
these circumstances Of their ordinary maintenance should
he brouet i'm as one element in the explanation OF the
problem And yet with reference to aquatic animals our
data exceedingly meager or all the 1lshes Oh SCUM
america most that has beenregarded thus iar mas peen
that they perhaps in Brazil orn the NOrthernrNeIs
OF South America and the lke Ana no lnoIO pISvSS I
dication have Of their Whereabouts From previous
investigations had already learned lat WYNN tne
range OF the Mississippi the ONE or OF some Oh Se AZ
lantc rivers the inhabitants Of these fresh water basins
are not the same 9r nf %aO at the headwaters
of stream there Occur fishes wimcn
which are different those found at Its mouths while
some species may extend through the whole length 1t
lain how It was with the inhabitants Of the extensive
fresh water basins Of south America ,S d ahS SG
basins. One party was TO explore the rivers
which emped east OF the coast range RS the r Asn6
some Of Them large streams Of about the Dimensions of
" tS Ga A 6 s TBas ana explores the
head waters r. SR F AaOSheT p G make SSs S
lectios there While they were TO explore the two main
tributaries OF that river the Rio dAs Vehas and the san
E TSdS ,Ss x6 SaS the Ss gh SsE
the mountain range into the basin OF the Parma
there to Marana6aO, and to come in t3s sRd
in Para at the ., mouth, az P.{a e and tReR s
den PdSp the vae S9 q the A@aaon It's whole
.g ~5sS 4. s ES9 At S END Of Ss
IourDey did not peneTete further had a first IN,
sGdH to visit s A Ras SS' i0Uf tHat
and contained so much that was instructive, that
1T how Ts P az sS T RaG S
ySTded witty :geeets during the period Of The political
aq sa T See SSS{s re- ps s1e1 nearly
on che Amazon in order 10 make myself tho tho.
country during almost every season OF the year;
to explore The character Of the different rivers and to
studS the subect the distribution Of the animals within
that basin IL became thus necessary that snOi1 at
d to some OF the tributaries ana seG 9ss be ye
same time in diferent regions 50 as q ascertain
Of these rivers crcumserbed in their distribution,
and TO wander from Ope place another. Every point
which hid Selected for examination was visited while
should be an opportunity to compare the observa.
lions made st one aeSsd so %h of @y
at first on the Rio Tep9jos. some at first
N,
later at the mouth OF the Rio Negro sending party up
that river and other parties went TO Iabaunga, while
ysT and another party was cent off to the Iss and
another went 10 the Geayah, 80 that
OF the Amazon with great deal Of The Rio from
bstas which OF the larger northern tributaries wac
also the object OF special examination II thus happens
that could compare the work done in different parts OF
the Umpire by others WIN lhH Ncn t H th SsSi s
iu another; and in that manner the results were
mipnte and covered much larger area than could
have
tentOn moment 10 the conf cuTOn Of that region that
may be able with more precision Effer To these
suits in future lectures The Amazon as you see, flows
nearly parallel 70 the equator IN uIeCuoni
the main trunk rot deyiating from the equator
more than two or three degrees while its southern bu
ares rise from Il 10 10 degrees south and its northern
from six degrees north so that the width OF t9e
valley at some points nearly great its total length
dhe a S5d na the s n Sde o. b fsut Very
different with reference 10 the ehhs5e,
banks Of other large rivers which flow in nOrthsOuthery
direction in sOuthnortherly direction. Our Missis
almost tropics. The Nie begins under the Equator
and further south, and terminates in the Mediter
You therefore, that those rivers are, as they
flow on under very e1apsiAS elhsue tpuenC re-
Equator and retains the climatic conditions for It's
whole length and would present great monOtony were
AZ not for the peculiar character OF its Tributaries and
for the peculiar economy of the waters which III
IT'S basin Extending its trunk the whole cOn
nent and sending its branches north and south over
such wide area, the basin Of the Amazon
establishes communication with all the adjoining BepuD
lies OF South America. Aud this is point Of great I'M
pOrance with reference 10 the fact that the Amazon IL
world; for, In consequence OF the natural
physical relation of the Amazon, its tributaries
tue opening of the Amazon does not only bring the
internal OF Brazil into immediate contact with
the commerce OF the world but also that OF those rePu
lies the surface Of which Is mainly drained by the tflou
taTi6s OF the Amazon Marx how extensive inns cOinn
nicatOn IL. Here have the Guianas-French, Dutch,
and English Guiana-then The Province Of venezuela
through which flows the Orn0cO and which
is connected directly with the Rio Negro thrOUgh the
Casqniare. here We have the new Republic OF New
NJ xrhfQ
Amazon several into the Rio Negro aud others
such as the Japura aud the lisa, elnpiy INTO the
rho principal views of which also empty into
the Amazon Then have Peru. the three great rivers
Bolivia the great rivers Of which flow also into the Anna
zOn And finally, we have the rivers which come down
most fertile provinces OF Brazil Itself; the Province Of
Matte Crosse, through which the Iapsios and &ngu
flow and the provinces Of GOyas, through which the
Araguay and the TOcantns flow 20 meet the Amazon so
that countries which IN the habit OF consid
ng from their maritime site have have extensive
area, which slopes toward the Amazon. When thinking
of Venezuela generally remember Caracas; when we
thoughts fly and when OF Ecuador, il Is IN Guayaqu
mat We SUI Si' f u"1 Z, - az N,nsil or along
the Seacoast, or among the mgh moh.Sins' , hSa
space Of Peru poting 10 the map here this whole space
of Ecuador here this whole space OF Grenada here TINS
cisHas All slope toward the Amazon so that he who
foot upon the mouth Of these rivers has also the Key To
that internal trade with these provinces You zee,
therefore what an extensive prospect Is open 10 tie
enterprise Of seaang nations by the mere faet that
The navigation OF the Amazon will be iree as the sea
itself TO the mercantile shipping Of al nations lAp-
plausel You may realize what 10 is Tor us by
TSe shipping Of England or Of France If the
United States were 80 once 10 declare mat the Mls
sssppi be open their aygat0n The flags OF Europe
could float Cincinnati OF 81, Louis, and al the trp-
utaries OF the Mississippi ar Wen as lbe ah rSer i'9t
that step which the Emperor Oh Brazp has taken ~ ~
no nato, is more ikeE to be- as gresty benefited by It
the people OF the United states. lApl .t ~