New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-02-13

you see that what is here margin and moves slowly
indicating the inner margins Of the two uniting gaciers
when the two branches OF the glaciers meet become
the center 81 the common glacier Suppose two rivers
flowing in the two rivers by the two sides which meet
become the center Of the river SO it is with
the glaciers as they meet here The right side OF this
and the left side Of this one, unite and have now
here mass Of powders which in the center q the
all the loose materials which accumulate here upon the
| snow are now moving rapidly downward at the rate
that during the Winter average rate OF 2a feet
in the year. 90 that in ten years they will have moved
a5OO feet, and IN 100 years they viii have nnyeo
1900 feet You see, therefore, how rapidly these
of the glacier and fall over It's edge and terminate here
concenric wall Of loose materials These aecunula
names; They called morains. We have here lapon
one side) lateral moran; we have here anotaer leta
moran and these two lateral m0rans form Y the center
medal moran and that medal morain jahng ofc 81
the lower end OF the glacier, derived from tne nnn o
| rain Snnnose tbis leo melts away. We
should see the materials strangely arranged on the
emulation of materials on the sides Of the valley and
not the center We should have every where angular
bowlders and should have wall across the valley ~
the lower end Of the glacier and we should have III we
center wall OF equal powders distinct perhaps om ne
whole Of this row OF powders would be granite EGp,
pose have here black slate the whole OF FWQud
%STe red I'I pophyTy them these bOTd would
be os Of red POPyy cTqn a' d pa nlS
to one another one Of black slate OF anlte and
s haS Ct RS S
combined together ANOTHER thug takes place as the be
Rock slip between the ice and the rock and we have
similar and not an inconsderable accumulation q suca
se OeoH be Se Fn moves SSS on Is 's set With
ston5s On ii It's 'V Whole S6eF surface ana thus (
r or crates ss dP 5ssr the SomSs down valley
is IKE file set with diamonds which aTs graz
ing and scratching the whole surface ThJeh y in con
XVI St tke onward moving glacier The effects of this
distnguishcd fron any other kind Of abrasion. have
frequently gone under the glacier. nave Peheuated
through cracks In the mass, when IL was sometimes
gaping sufficiently to enable eye to DESCEND into INTO
snch an Opportunity how extensively the lower
surface Of the glacier studded with Fragments Of rock
in ds as SS 70 % Ta the gS S 's
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. dt 4 % t5 PrGST SSr G
until they are REDUCED to powder when they consist Of
F *! g sS99 IT, ye Vy P scrae S
scratches will be deeper and longer in proportion as ths
harder ents oTOck larger and occupy more space
Ali this may be seen under the gnciers. aud sometimes
under peculiar circumstances after more than usual
l gndng h IN ADVANCE tR Of the NAB Which 5 produced
the motion remaining there in front IN the morning,
after heavy FROST that can say have seen the sa-
cer at work dong this kind Of work which Il so charac,
teristc suppose this whole mass melted away, and
TR TSy e Sf s sG podaSe t pohsd
would exhibit small scratches resulting nom the
small particles Of hard MATERIAL II would exhibit deeper
scratches produced by the action Of larger pebbles ana ~
would exhibit larger burrows resulting from thc scuVh vi
larger masses Of rock All TINS easily recognized
see have therefore two signs by which e presence OF tho
glacier may be traced even the Ice should disappear
one the peculiar accumulation Of loose materials OF rocks
that have come down from the mountains and nave ac
cumuated the edges OF the Ice and upon the surface
aud the peculiar kind OF grinding wcn tIe surface o
the rock exhibits from its contact with the lee Hsl0
icaly have the evidence that the glaciers have not
always been limited within the boundaries they now oc
cupy The travellers on the Alps In tue Jill l!ih ana
of the 10th century, who had already begun 10 explore the
Alps with view to study She phenomena OF inc noun
within the Alps aud their statements show
that where We have now glaciers There were
statements We can trace the conccntIo terminal
moran beyond the present boundaries 81 me gncie 10
ena have traced the Valley of switzerland To
The summit " the Jura and that We have the evidence
that once glaciers occupied the whole Of this extended
he Tur Professor nyio who has studied the transport
tatOu OF powders the plains infinitely than
ANY other has demonstrated that EACH valley from the
across the plain Of switzerland from Alps Ju
SO that The facts which | asccriaincd within me
in the plain OF Switzerland. coincide 20 show
that this whole surface " country was once 3ce9P'a w
ice aud We know the course II has followed W ne rows
which these different Of powders present across mo
Valley OF switzerland Now the history ~ this study had
gone thus far when 10 occurred 70 me Una, S"a.rnu
could not have been alone much colder than inc
rest OF the world when the adjoining country shared The
temperature which prevailed there TO the e1eh, oil 'A
ing these great glaciers possible When the Nal'I OF
S Ss 1a 81 Oft cs 10 ' ckSS.s Of 5000 feet he
plains OF Germany, Of France and OF Italy could
no, hlSs Pea nor S the north Of Europe have en-
noyed that climate II Wa then tthogght that thre wa;
find the traces Of glacefs In Eng2pd Aseary as $40
| started on q hunting exfytFgp i45 t91 A,sSi 4
reached The highlands Of westmorcland aud afterwards
proceeded those of Scotland aud Ireland, than found
the same polished surfaces the lateral moans the
same concentric morains az the foot OF me sacicrn
Where fl6 snow never remains il slml9Sf, once oc
eapssd, G glaciers y 'Yg d'S Sd% T lS have have
proved why other parts OF the world must nave been
s9d W Europe alone could not nny9 pSSn II s
sa@S Jew Fs &5d3 ' 6f FL he ANAL saS %
the Nenkn6Tn tracks Of glaciers marks al OYER the
hills Applat5e became satisfied then th9tthe climate
not local phen0menOn or the higher eeyati9n OF
the Alps, was at frst supposed which hid held the
glaciers OF switzerland extending across he plain OF
Switzerland to the Jura ut We had here the evidence OF
great revolution IN the history OF the earth SLOWING
ena show our earth had enjoyed before ho tenperh
its present condition will not tire you with many
more details concerning this subject, but ! VIII say
t tG 10 tS f% yss5s ssG glacier, 2aa covered
the whole Of temperate North America ~ wen as inc
whole Of Europe have traced the marks OF glaciers,
cations have conceded with me In my interpretation OF
tho facts. have come TO the conclusion that the whole
OF North America has been covered with ice down 20
latitude 3d. may be 10 32', that 10, 70 the latitude OF
Charleston. south Carolina saw, when IN Columbia
South Carolina unavoidable marks Of glacial action
ha - them the banks Of the ONO. have seen
them In the Western states and could not resist the
evidence that 70 that latitude on this continent the
climate had been low enough 10 sustain glaciers IA they
are now I'm Greenland But here great difficulty arose
I'm the interpretations Of the facts, and II was made one
Of the most constant objections 20 these gonernlLatons
there hills from which these glaciers could have
descended here, mountain ranges upon the summit OF
which could have accumulated and moved down 10
this low latitude. How was II that a glacier moved
on an even surfdcei No one was prepared Tor
such question: which was very natural, but the
phenomena upon rocks lead To this cOnci-
sion that though we have nowhere In the Alps glaciers
which move ON level ground yet marks OF glaciers on the
level surface OF the Of NewYOrk along the Lakes,