The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1867-07-05


America is the death Of Of Che best known mon IN
the Spanish republics OF this coEinent old Don Ramon
Castillo. Grand Marshal Of Peru. He Of the
last and one OF Che most remarkable links between the
period OF the Independence and the presents with
many faults, but quite many virtues; Mborai and
ghtened IN hts Views. energetic and earnest In his
action up 70 the last day OF his fs man who has LETT
mark In to history Of the South American continent
perhaps the bcs Of certain class OF Spanish American
statesmen which Is now dying out very fast. Juan
joss Flores In Ecuador. Ramon Castillo In Peru, Tomas
Cprano de Mosquera in New Granada Jose Crisothomo
Falcon In venczueta Rafael Carrcra Guatemala are
the most noteworthy representatives of number OF
soldiers who fought tn the OF independence gained
fame and experience and. aided by natural shrswdnes
raised themselves from the lowest ranks TO the highest
military and civil posts In their countries But this
class OF chteftains will soon be thing OF the past.
Flores and Carroa have been dead for years. Cas-
ta Ia gone Mosquera has his power and his repu-
taon snd old age and disappointed ambition will
lay him low. Falcon Is tho only who is enjoying
otium cum dgtots, absolute ruler Of Venezuela, but
passing The greater part Of nis time at In Coro
1t is gratifying fact that constitutional ideas are gum
ing ground IN the greater part Of these republic to
make them elect government In legal way instead Of
having ono forced upon them by cunning military lead
ers The period Of Dictatorship the normal form OF
government in Spanish America has passed away, all
necessary OWLS ought to pass The crisis Is and
no use row for powerful medicines the political bodies
can get with constitutional diet and thrive by it,
There necessity for such The just named
the time when they lived and ourshed Some OF them
nave done more than even the average amount OF good
We need only mention Carrera who made Guatemala
what she - nova quiet hourshng and progressing lit
tie republic. The history Of the lives Of these
full OF startling incidents. victories and defeats hair
breadth escapes misery and glory But more interest
Ing arc their biographies when they speak, in the
OF Castillo Of noble acts and just motives little fobles
and great virtues This old Peruvian revolutionis de-
served to be held in the highest esteem by his
political opponents and arms who no sooner
heard Of his death than they fastened convey the
corpse with the greatest honor to their capital where
monument will be erected over IL. He was a man who
wanted to do oil the good he could and who did
act wrong even when he did it; VINO was ambitious
but just vain but kind who never abused his power
and did more tor tho material and moral progress Of his
country than any other single man in Peru.
Castillo was born at Tarapaca, In the south Of Peru
the Both OF August 1892 The stock he came from
more Indian than Spanish and his features exhibited
OF the pecuarites OF the former About the
years ten eleven he taken by brother to Chile
where he received some little education and commenced
his military career when still very young, 1912. He
took voluntary and active pari in quelng tho revou
ton in Conception and south OF Chile, 1916,
ceved among the cadets OF the Spanish army, after
having been 10 five battles In the latter year pre-
sent al the battle OF Chacabuco where he and his brother
fell into the hands Of San Martin, the ibaraor OF
Chile They were sen. as prisoners to Buenos Ayres
where Ramon gained his liberty and went to Rio ia
NERO From this place he started overland to Lima max
ing the journey OF about thousand miles through
the wilderness and dangers of Indian countries in five
months The Vceroy gave him a commission 10 his
army, which lie beld Till 1920 wnen he made
lieutenant In tho year his regiment Joined the
army Of tho patriots, lighting for tne Independence.
He worked his TO the rank OF lieutenant colonel
fought a. Junin and Ayasucho, where he was twice
wounded, and in 1925 took Of visit his
family. 10 passing through Arequipa he met SIMON
Bolivar who praised him for his bravery and had him
appointed preIec. of the province OF Tarapaca. He
lila iii 1880 wen. sn to Lima and was appointed by
GamArra chief OF stall OF the whole army difference OF
opinion in regard to the employ men Of foreigners made
ala no mn hn int vaaro
he remained from the middle OF 1881 till 1882. He at
last made Lis escape went TO Chile, thence to Tarapac
Joined Neto who had revolted against Gamarra, and
fought with varying ill the latter left Peru OF his
accord. 0rbegoso tho new Provisional President
made him Brigader General and his Secretary. He fol-
lowed the fortunes OF Orbegoso through the revolutions
OF Taayerry and the invasion OF Gamarra, and only foil
Cruz the President Of Bolivia Or6egoso could brook
opposition and sent Castillo as prisoner ~ Tacna bat
hs escaped and went sgan TO Chile who're he remained
till 1887 when no joined the army OF Peruvian patriots
who marched against santa Cruz, and aided by tho
Chilean government, arrived at Areacia, Where peace
made The patrols had TO return 10 Chile whence
they started In 1885, and this Time with bet
ter Castillo was second leader OF the van guard
.. the attack Of Lima and defeat OF orbcgcso. made
| common cause with Gamarra, who was proclaimed
President by the PATRIOTS whilst Castillo was appointed
| Minister Of War. His labors as such were enormous.
inasmuch he had TO reorgapize the whole army
under tho most trying circumstances. The pa.
triots, together with their Chilean allies, had
| to retreat before santa Cruz, VINO mad been
Joined by Orbegoso ard Netos forces til the victory
| OF Ancach, on the 20tn of January 1889. made
| Glmarra
Chilean forces masters Of the country. The Chileans
went home, Castillo made major general and sent
in 1s4i 10 the SOUTH where vivanco had reyoltod he
quelIed the revolution and in November Of The same
year he was second In command OF tho Peruvian army
which invaded Bolivia, was taken prsoner the dsas-
trous battle OF Ingav who're GaDarra fcl, and was
bansed 10 an interior town After peace was restored
between the republics and struggle for powor had
Roman La Faents and Vidal, vivanco 10 1873 became
again the supreme OF Peru but made such bad use
II his power that Castillo, with two other generals,
landed In the Department OF Moqueyua in the SOUTH
defeated two Of vivanco's commanders and Obtained
possession Of Cuzco He was declared generain-chief
Junta Of Five The latter dying very suddenly Castillo
became civil chief Of his party vivanco's ohcers and
men deserted him. defeated, ard IN July, 1874,
Castillo routed him completely at Arequpa marched on
70 Lima aud restored the constitutional acting Prcs-
In April OF the following year Castillo elected by
Con gress President Of Peru and was the first who held
out Tor the constitutional term Of six years He
did much to increase commerce. raised The exports OF
guano and silver and gave TO the repuolc me long de-
sired peace which was only momentnri'y in'eruped y
| n local outbreak and By an unmportaut war with Bo-
.vis In 1851 Castillo retired into private life and gave
his place up General Echenque, who had been elected
become very unpopular and Castillo commenced revo
luton at Arsqdipa, In which he vas Joined by Eias
In several engagements Echen'que and vivanco-who
| had made common cause with hlm-were beaten, and
Castillo entered Lima tiumphanily NJ the beg nning OF
ho made many sweeping roformA After having nrjt
abolished the capita,ion tar on Indians ne pronoted
slavery entirely and called together national con-
vention.
After bis reelection In 1858 he continued 10 improve the
morality and wealth Of his people at home, and made
the name of tho republic respected abroad 10 only
necessary point out the resoute aud handsome man
ner in which he openly stood up for the Dominican re-
public struggling against Spanish enslsvement, and
| the moral support he rave 70 republican MEXICO by
| sspdng q minister 70 Juarez The events Of The adj
| ministratIons Of San Roman, Pezet aud Prado are
too fresh and the part which Castillo piaye 10 them TOO
universally known, 20 need repetition HIS hatred OF
Psrets trucking 70 Spanish arrogance and he dislike
Of Prados wavering policy, prompted bun 10 take part
in the last two revolutions II he had lived he would
have had fair chance OF once entering Lima ri
the head OF victorious army for his cause was popular
his energy and luck proverbsi and bis nam: an army
In itself He was Fastening TO the important town oil
africa which was ready, ike rpe fruit, 70 drop into
bis lap Riding along on the old roads be had % Otter
travelled on when boy and young man, ne never
cled he had still the strength OF his cary sc bu
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