New-York tribune., 1867-10-18

i,, him armed sh bis primer against the soldier in fall military
srray$-LoRD BRouGHss.
1t is much TO he regretted that amid the
multiplicity OF minor issues that during the late
war; tho people did not clearly comprehend at the begin
ming when policy purpose, and parties alike unde-
fined. that the struggle was begun by ambitious and
organized arstOcracy for its salvation The primary
purpose OF the Rebel leaders not the dissolution Of
the Unon for long they retained control over the
whole country that result gladly delayed 1t was not
merely the preservation Of Slavery for that had never
been really endangered and 1t made by them not the
cause but Andrew Jackson had once prophesled 1t
would bo the "preext for agitation The great purpose
Of the Rebel leaders the preservation in part OF the
country OF the political power which their system OF
clique their organized aristocracy had given them
In the whole land; and tho dissolution OF the
Union became very unwelcome consideration in
their plans No arbitrary or powerful arstocraey
ever existed than that Of the 10000 Shareholders who
In 1850 held the controlling interests in labor and lands
in the Southern States Of the American Union. The
Southern people have been called " nation OF slave
holders but this undeseryed sur for reference to
the census of the country will show that Of the
100000 whites who formed that nation IN 1860 only
800 owned slaves at ALL and OF these only 10000 owned
over number These 10000 controlled and governed
the country; the other shareholders and few hundred
thousand merchants and professional men OF some wealth
who aspred to hold office and become Shareholders and
aristocrats were their adherents-all the rest the
100000 "pOor whites" and 100000 blacks, IN all
100000 souls, were their yictims-yirually their
slaves. In other words 100000 men, holding the
landed property and the capital and enjoying the edca
ton ruled and controlled 100000 laborers without
property, capital or education; and for many years
through their dIctatoral rules unit Of the Southern
half, they managed to rule the whole Of the Union.
EDUCATION DISCOURAGED By SHAREHOLDERS.
The means by which tho Southern Shareholders estab-
shed and maintained their rule over their victims are
among the greatest crimes ever committed against
humanity and the guilty confederates deserved the ter
rble fate which they provoked. 1t was accomplished
s by the persistent encouragement Of the education Of
both the oes and poor whites" and secondly by e1-
citing and fostering prejudice between the two
which formed the aborng class until the results have
been, that the Southern people have fallen far behind
cther nations in general enlightenment and that though
possessing tho interests, OF the laboring
class the poor whites" and negroes have been taught to
entertain toward each other OF different races bitter
hostility which will require many years to eradicate
UTTER IGNORANCE AMONG NEGROES.
No proof assertion the negroes were kept in
ignorance Is necessary the fact Is apparent TO all who
are acquainted with the Southern plantation negroes
and contrary has been claimed by the Southern
people The facts will fully bear out in the asser
ton that the poor whites" equally neglected, and
further that the slayeholders much more careful
TO keep the "pOor whites" from educating themselves
than keep the negroes ignorance They surrounded
their section with Chinese wall OF Ignorance and pref
udlce which the has not served fully to dem0lsh,
and against which all array Of facts arguments, and
appeals. have hitherto thrown themselves in vain; and
tins was done by purposcly frowning down all free
schools and cheap educational schemes While the slaves
were prevented by written law from obtaining an educa
ton. the poor whites" prohibited in effect and
prevented In reality every scheme which looked TO the
emil lghteument Of to people by bringing them together
was frOWned down, AMI heaps OF evidence OF every
character be collected TO prove that this part
n
DEAL aud the United states census report for 1860 Is u
OF very significant figures The Is Slave Sates-ncudng
Missouri aud Delaware, which practically free and
certainly not in the slayoholders' consIiracy-with
lie schools and gave education 10 pupils one in
every thirteen of the population The - free States ex
persons furnished 1901 schools and educated S,9I7S27
pupils, or one in every four and four-hfths
Comparisons between Individual States are not less
conclusive Alabama had population in 1860 OF 9642O
s ~ ,yIib "a 100 purils were I'm Attendance or
In Connecticut with population OF less than
onehaf that OF Alabama N5O4o SUPPORTED ls05 public
schools and 2O2 colleges and academies with 92S2 pupils
In five Virginia whose sons boast alike or
lion Of Sis SUPPORTED 377s ptblc schools and 421
colleges and academies, and educated l0l,49l pupils or
nearly one In every sixteen. MASSACHUSETTS,, Win
population Of 23l O6, supported 434 public schools and
sZf colleges and academies with 22270S pupils nearly
In every six OF her population Take one OF the new
Western free states and compare IL with Of the oldest
the Slave States and the conclusion Is not less startling
Iowa. for instance was admitted into The Union IN s46
North CarOua o the original thirteen In 1900
Iowa had population Of 57i9is North Carolina 9o2622
Iowa the time had 33 free schools Win l03SS
scholars I'm attendance North Carolina had but 2,9y4
schools and l0j02j pupils Iowa thus sent one ont OF
every four OF It's population TO school while North
Carolina, 70 years older organized gOyernment,
gave education only ono out of every nine and half
" "'' STATE sUPruRT FOR SCHOOLS.
The support given to the colleges academies ana pri-
yato schools by tho various States, s also significant
circumstance Undoubtedly great number OF these
were Of superior character TO the public schools but
they were also much more expensive. IL Is significant
fact the South, which neglected its public schools so
grossly supported these Superior ana more ePeTss ,
schools in greater number and with more Derahy than
Northern people did thcrs but 1t was for the reason
not they superior but because they were erpe
sire. The Shareholders encouraged all high priced" IL
OF every shape, because 1t was exclusive The
the monopoly OF the teachersthe monopoly in fact,
OF the o learning that was eNtant in the SOUTH but
the chief reason that induced this ready and liberal sup
port the fact that practically prevented the poor
whites" from obtaining education except in the public
10 furnish Look at the figures OF the last census the
colleges and academies OF Alabama received encourage
mcnt I'm the way OF endowmens from the legislature to
the amount OF $59S9o, and untaxed Virginia also
declined TO tax her I2l private schools and colleges and
who fully appreciated the astonishing force unhinng
minds Of bold assertion even when without any founda-
ton in truth the strength Of these apparent facts
boasted that in the South education was unaXed aud
pointed sneerngy nc Connection and massachusetts ana
ment TO "highprced education" than II did 10 the
cheaper system Of free schools supported by the taxation
OF those whose children eligible To their benefits
or these private schools so numerous III Virginia assa
ShIsStts had only M put ana Yos wSrS
the which she opposed to Aabanas 23 On the other
hand, Alabama gave endowment To her puhcschoOsi
Virginia gave only $4i6 while the fourteen Slave States,
including Missouri and excluding Delaware gave as en-
dowmens 10 free schools only $l3d25l Missouri alone
gave S of this amount and she not in 1860 prac
tically Slave state any longer, Little Rhode Island,
with onefouTth the population OF South Carolina, edu
Gated the cheap free system 2 $40 pupils to South Car
onas 2Ol6 and had high priced colleges to South Car
onas 2fO. IL il no sr upon the Southern States that
they encouraged these higher order OF schools and the
fact only quoted as proof Of the assertion that IN the
announcement OF the tho private or expensive schools,
the Southern shareholders premeditated the crime
charged-that OF keeping "poor whites" and negroes
alike in ignorance. How terrible the crime best
be from the terrible effects Of its commission, and
these best bo shown by comparison OF the results OF
the systems employed at the North and South The
total white population Of the fifteen Slave states In 1850
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