New-York tribune., 1867-02-19

be some cause 20 impalt Imty nolNuhfGsWtt. W J
bnt 10 all other parts Of the wod The fact is that the
wora =, mystee than n oar rOSUpay Gan 9cf cG nns
PASS in his narrow systems ApPa99sG I nt the the
Infancy OF science, an tsne sse and It is only in
proportion We hayi RifGmS @ cas Shs Embracing
m % TINS varied in structure and plan has been
pdnaIIv referred 10 different classes VIII now pass
on 10 6er the sRf ERe Gft G Structure resemble and which
share with that plan Of structure wilch ~ & ~ t & ~
aud the fishes proper II the time permits SHAH close
with few remarks upon the 1resl wa "ato ,ti"a INT ~
NOT shall transfer my remarks upon those Slasses W
next lecture. feel somewhat en- -, oiitai lf
fishes without saving something of the tuidameht ul
ferences which exist among them and that may oeter
bring before you the differences when ' 3
different proIps of fishes let draw thc ol
some of them ana point 10 you the permanent Giler Ter
which distinguish them SulPoed Pead and body rnn
together that there hardly % distinct s oply in the
class of renties that we begin perceive the frst n9
cation of the contraction between tlc Heau anu uuS
which Indicates the position of the neck Nhat Is e % %
ersc Of this type Of fishes is the position ere Tt se ~ IN
upon the back which is called the 9ofsai NAV be
cut square as in the freshwater trout whieh may De
forIed in the sea rout or when may so 1 Of
tbe family This is the cauda and that i'm Is the organ
with which these fishes impart 10 themselves an 1nNau
marion striking right and left with the TAIL the body
propelled forward in consequence OIL tls no,ion R & anu I t
IN is called fhe anal When the fish strikes violently
and raises that fin the surface with when ne
wafer ~ eigfa III & pG' aud he surface with which strikes
the water is diminished aud the force WIN Mhen s e
strikes henC slight the motion Is comparatively Ivcp
That fin rs the ventra This is ON the nedla Ile VI c
body There is above. the dorsal ana one Ti d
anal apd the cauda at the end Of the body Inc cauaa
I'm this group Of fishes is always senlccuni ny ~
upper half corresponds with the lower na t, & e and
cif square, then the two parts are about the same anu
Il il is forked then the upper paIl ~ ao & % tbot ONE
dimensions as the lower IL is rarely & t ntbc cSe and % nav
be either the upper or the lower for @ % ~ I
uCfish which very near tls' we nave tuu W.
lob
moment the fish emcrges from the WatcI' j, eV ,nf
and ieft several times in rapid succession.
We have, also, upon each sac %i ,heso me Guss
which are near the head which are, IN fact upon inc
sides Of the chest. and which are known ny I M ag % o
the pectorals and these which are heie upon &
side OF the abdominal cavity are known as tle
fins In all the fishes OF TINS group we nay @ .e H
inal fn, half way between the ect9ra anu Iio ,n & iIn
Now let compare with that perch common {@fIloM @
commonly large. We have tile caudal comparatively
small and feeble We have the anal placed IN about te
same position as III the trout pu1 ~ na d here
front OF the fin. Then we have the peetoras ceu
and the ventrls, instead Of occupying medal posoi
are placed just below the IettoI" ana w W. o @ ~ once c
the ventrals sustains strong sphc i1n see ~ oC
strong pines while the second I'm CONSISTS Oh hupe
Of rays which divided and snhdiyded 20 tnHt @ ING
whole fin soft and tender. while this s very nara ana
pIickly 30 are the sIines hoe; so are tnss tns
spinos here; and on the sides oi G We h,ha ,hn
bones bones Of the head But that Is not all ~ usex
anime the mouth Here me mouth II & Heiy yte Guth ~
Yerv widely cleft But the principal difference is that
made nm of one hone and The poseor part OF the upper
Jaw Of another bone which two bones are placed one III
teeth along their lower edge. These two bones are
exactly the those which form the upper margin
of our own mouth. The anterior part oi the mou'h -
occupied 10y the cutting teeth; then follow thc '!','tn
then the grinders Now there are two cutting teeth on
Tie rlglt and left Sde which are implanted IN bone
which ponds 20 this ard i>card the itcrANry
The eyc-tect and grinders implanted IN another bone
which called the upper maNllaiy ana the lntcrnaA &
Hilary and upper InaNI!dry together III one Hrc FORM
the margin ~ the mouth Now In the perch !, Is very
different We have bone which extends ia TINS way
frolnthe anterior part Of the mouth To- the Ghd OF te
margin and forms alone tie upper margin of the mouth
while another bone placed behind ana forming ~ no May
"A part Of the mouth sustaining no tceth Whatever
tres,ut en tbe nier@aiiary 80 that the proper
iawbouC in the perch has not tooth II does not form
ugr of the anterior margin o the mouth; while the lnlc
imaxiliary Is SO large that it alone forms Tho
the most prominent differences that We have here
these draws the outline Of fshon the blackboard
tnppOse you may IecoElIe nv sIIiA ill,I ~
far in having five clcfs upon the sides OF the head which
are the gill openings The trout has only one. aud ~ has
the perch only aud that cleft i supported ny D"hy
plate which moves to ana fro upon The gS ANA protects
shark has no such bone ard the brauchal
open in advance Of the large nnwhich h placed upon the
trout salmon, while the tail IS remarkable for the pro-
ongdtion Of It's upper & I3D5 ana tat Is h" oiy G t
this lobe TO its very end So that It's backbone does not
Terminate In other fish. with broad blade ppoitng
tie tail, IN the front, salmon aud the Ike. but the
backbone extends 10 the very end. All these fishes
moreover have Their solid frame that is their kceton
soft ana consisting more of cartilage than bcuc Then
have another type, fhc sturgeon iaiHly. hAk'r
from the shark, N having he gs lrVtccted NE the
other fishes by bony Plate, and so that :he slls ar
The mouth is far below The head And hci it stSres
a m" When s ifH have ' Noticed RnG il nS tiat very sn
de q Tie abdominal rf-sls6 h1 $ay between ne lls
last type Of fish lmakcs u drawing oi ~ winch IS
GG S FOR 6 It's beo GoSGd t - i iS Mrr hG e ac
and for the presence Of the simple fin extending all oyer
number OF small openings upon the side' as many
as seven, and one upon the back IL Il called
may he referred all the fishes that have lived
extraordinary differences in details that by process Of
changing part or other we can at once see how one
10y difference of execution the samo idea may have
been expressed in different Ways And here at once eH
manifestations Of the same idea expressed in different
ways, or they may be notifications .of few prm-
Tive facts. Now, what the fishes WHICH ighnbit
the As1on @ YRnfa %J d ~ ns tAs Soos aS PsePSsS SEe. n
fishes which we find IN that mighty BASIN Not one OF
be found there Not OF those which are IN all
Of the rivers Of Europe IS TO be found there Not
to be found there. The Amazon has fishes
Of it's own entirely different from those Of any other
basin And these fishes different even from those q
other fresh water rivers of Brazil And in each part OF
the Amazon there fishes Of peculiar character; 50
that those which nhubt the lower course of the Amazon
say below the mouth of the Tocantins as far as the
contact u the salt with fresh water, differ from
those which arc f2qpg Y the riygt between IN;
TOcautlns aud the Xingu AZ the mouth oi
th> %nm Ye have fishes differing fgeW those
which nnablt the rppjos A. we ascend from the Tapa
los and enter the district the Rio Madeira, find stl
other fishes II go into the district Of the Rio Negro,
find still different ones and u We go further up on
the borders OF other rivers which have explored there
are peculiar fishes Aud great Is the variety that IN
small lakes Of water find endless varieties, while III
Malnas, at the junction OF the Rio Negro with the
Amazon was led 10 examine one particular little lake
of "A very few hundred square yards IN extent, with the