New-York tribune., 1867-06-11
THE DOMINION or CANADA.

Provinces
opera,ion on the first of July. The confedcrated
Provinces are called the Dominion of Canada, ana
already the proclamation of the Queen has been Is
sued recognizing the new State The Senators nave
been named under the new Constitution, and within
q few DAYS Lord MonCk at present Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor of Canada has been appointed GoveInor-Uen-
oral The new dominion will consist of the PROVINCES
of Inner and Lower Canada. TO be called ontario
and Quebec. ." respectively, beside New-BrunSwlck
and Nsyo Scotia. Newfoundland, Prince Edwards
Island. Ruperts Island, and the Northwest IerIi-
toIv are not included in the Confederation Dut pro-
vision has been made for their admission
into the Union whenever they can be per-
suaded of the advantages OF the coailtloh'
British Columbia has already. determined 10
unite with the other provinces III the Concdeiition
The relations between the Provinces arc not alNays
understood i'm the United States. and The American
who has spent summer III HALIFAX or other pioVh-
cial city outside of the CanadaS is often cnll0usy
questioned on his return concerning the CahduiuiS'
when IN fact he has had fewer facilities iof COhhu-
nication with these Provinces than ne mas AT nome
Now that they are one IN name as wen ~ III
strongly marked as ever, nor VIII there DC lnuch
more communication between the piOylncais ,n;'l nun
before the Union, except among lhe poiltiCis WIZ
will meet at the expensive Government House at
Ottawa. 40 -. - -, - , 81
10000 square miles, with population 9t lN,sUro. ~
includes the cities of Toronto. Hamilton, ottawa,
Kingston and London Lower Canada, or quebec,
has an area exceeding the area OF Upper Canada ny
80 600 SQUARE miles and population OF 2>S,oN mo
nrincipal cities are Montreal and Quebec the former
with population of nearly 10000, and the latter
about 80 600 The area of Ncw-l'runswlck Is only
81 600 square miles. and It's population &6Ur1 III eN-
tends from the State of Maine to the Gulf of ~:
Lawrence and from the Bay oi ChaeuI to the BAY 0l
Fmdy st. John. with population oi about %iVO'
is the principal city Much of the territory OF these
provinces is wild and minhabitcd, and. by reason
Of the severe winter neither available for the Pur-
poses of agriculture nor open To- cohspco mn s I,, ,D
months of the year Through portion Ot TINS IN
hoSptabc region IL Is proposed TO bulld tne much
talked of InteI-col0nia Railway from Halifax To the
River St Lawrence Many impcdments will inter
pose 10 delay the construction OF road remote from
The haunts of civilization; and when bult IL VIII DO
of little advantage because oi the cneapet ana nolS
expeditions means Of transit Afforded ny me Lay oi
Fuudv and the Atlantic Ocean. In the NlntCr Tie
route would be blocked with snow so rs 10 he IN
available for military purposes even ior Wh,Gh 1t Is
chiefly intended and IN time of war 1t could DC cut
at almost any point by an invading force sending a
column to brave the pcrilS Of tho wilderr SIS
Nova Scotia the remaining Province OF the Con
federation. has an area of 1900 square miles and
population of 3S Isl Halifax the principal city, has
population OF about $1,000. 1t has one OF the best
harbors i'm North America, along which II II built foI
distance of nearly three miles around the base OF
a hill surmOunted by the citadel This IS strong
work furnished with Armstrong guns, and com
mands the city and the entrance to the harborw when
is likewise defended by other works on every side,
so that Halifax is probably the best protected city
on the Atlantic coast. As city, llaliaX Is type OF
the cities of the Provinces, fish being the principal
odor and premature decay the chief characteristic
of all Of them. But il has more enterprise, more
trade and more c3p,al than most of ITS sister cities
although in spite Of the assumption Of The Toronto
Icadtr that Nova Scotia would have no diihcuity IN
borrowing capital in England 10 complete its 1L-
roads and develop its mines, IN opposition 10 the
views of Mr Howe, the leader of the opposition TO
the scheme of Confederation, who pointed 10 New,
York and Boston sources from which capital could
be drawn in case OF annexation, II ~ fact that two
afof lac. huY nI
and the Province OF its specie because they could
make a better interest at home .
belief that British North America Will never form
nuitel and separate State because the tetOly TOO
struggling and too poor. Nova scotia althoigh tile
longest and most struggling OF al the Provinces can
not by any means bo called the poorest. II mas
some very fine lands for tural purposes and
its cold mines AT Renfrcw aud WayeTy ana the coal
at New-GlaSpOw and Cape Breton are sources oi IN
exharstblc wealth. lis railroad facilities arc as yet
very incomplete, two lncS-the one from windsor to
Halifax 80 miles in length, and the other from Truro
to Halifax 90 miiesbrIBg the extent OF It's COmnu-
cation by rail- but I IS contemplated to extend the
latter road to Newlasg0w or PlctOu, as soon as pos
eible. From Truro TO sydney Is stage lire oi 40
miles long which passes through diversified and
rather fertile country until to Gut OF Canso y
reached and aftcr~ard over the dreary hills and
among the stuntcd undcrgrowth OF Cape Breton,
where, If human being Is seen at all, he matters
Gaelic m unmcanng gibbcrish TO English ears, and
finally along the banks OF the Bras dor Lake 10 its
termination. In this ncghborhOOd. South Sydney
or Sydney proper in cOntadiStinctiOn tONOTth Bar,
the seaport five miles distant, which is usually mis-
taken for IT is tho site OF numerous oOlcIics. The
mines extend along tlp shores for 80 miles more,
and furnish the most abundant and accessible and
the cheapest coal in the world.
Prince Edwards Island and Newfoundland have
repudiated the scheme OF confederation. Nova Scotia
claims that she never acceded TO IT, her seeming con-
sent being the votes merely OF Legislators who were
elected at a time when the Union was not thought
of. and the HOwe-Annand liberals not being graft
fed with reference OF the question to the people
before il was passed upon by the Imperial Parliament
az a IN pI
States. They prefer, they say, If ANNEXATION must
come, to be annexed TO a country which can afford
sive COastng trade, rather than 70 one with but little
trade large debt and a small revenue, and natu-
rally Indelensble. on any terms whatever.
In consequence of the transfer of tho power OF
taxation 10 the General Government each Province
will be paid annual subsidy from the general
revenue In the original scheme Of Confederation
this subsidy put at 50 cents per head computed
on the census of 1861. Bnt as tho position of New
Brunswick was such that 10 would at once bc com
PEELED 10 pay considerable sums out OF its local
revenue it was agreed 10 allow that Province $4,000
per annum for 10 years out Of the general
The terms which the new Government is formed
have been modified so that New Brunswick is now to
receive constantly increasing subsidy until the
amount reaches $52OQ0O i'll addition to which il will
receive $4,000 annually beside the grant of 50 cents
per head allowed III the original scheme. Upper
Canada will receive permanent annual grant of
$4,000, Lower Canada, $4,000, and Nova Scotia.
$4,000 in addition to the 10 cents per head in tho
original scheme. The annual grant will then stand
$9j925S Nova Scotia $351,OSG. and New Brunswick,
$3l463S. The Globe contends that this is great
wrong to Upper Canada, as, when divided among
tho population, it would give To Upper Canada 90
cents per head Lower Canada 74c; Nova Scotia Ssc.
and New brunswick, 81 10. But to a people almost
free from taxation and with an extensive maritime
trade the blessing of increased taxes viii not be
readily perceived, notwithstanding tho subsidies
from the general revenue, as they will be taxed
annually TO make these payments TO themselves. Tho
Indebtedness Of each province which is large in Can
ada and small IN Nova Scotia and New brunswick,
will be assumed by the General Government, and
should enter more less into the computation Of the
terms of Confederation. For the purposes of this
union the debt Of Canada was estimated at $625OO-
of aat4 nd Of