davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1867-11-28

ypa ssA afsr AUGUST 2ssh, 1851, Trains viii leave
rRoM DUHK 1T 4 AID ND s naii .II
81 81 Hsv York time from Union Dspots. : ss
40 n. q. Express Hail, frow Dunkirk, (sun.
days e1cspted). Stops At Salamanca 10ooa. m
and connscta Of Hornelsvills aud Corning with
ths 500 Z. n Expres. Mail from Buffalo, and r.
9s96 r. n. lightning ExPress, from SAILS
nance, lsundays excepted. Stops 1t Hornells-
from sa.o, I'd .1s.s i NJ ~ Ysls
4.,s + - ( :. s !; Yor. nigh. = .pr.... nom
IN tBsfsS. add arrive. in Nav fotI 4 "a g ?.
or I'D New os.
$3.50 r. n Cincinnati Express, Rom Dan
Kirk Sundays e1cep.edl Story st ssismaara At
the ii.aoP. N. Train from Buffalo, arriving in New
York ats25 Pm.
pot cor kxchanse and Michigan streets:
SIS A. NJ. New York Day Express, tsun-
days excepted Stops At Horneflssins a:cs M,
7s5 p m, tsop 1.aod .rriys ~ Now York 1870 p.
m. Connects ct Great Bend with Delaware, Lack.
.wsuna Western Railroad, and at Jersey CITY
road for Philadelphia baltimore ard Washington.
500 A. m E1press Mail, via Avon and iIor-
York att a. m. Connects at Elmira with North.
Central Railway for Harrisburg. Philadelphia,
g e 81 Ds s0Ss ass.,
cepted). Stops at HorneIsvile 5:25 ,. m. (sup.b
and arrives in New York 7:00 .. N. Connects Il
Jersey City with Morning Express Train ofEev
jersey Railroad for Baltimore and Washington,
s. and at New York With Morning Express Train for
Boston Z. and n Ne. England ynna c' n,.,,.
ssoinx At Holnsii.yills With he ils JIM Tr.
from Dunkirk. aud arrive in New York at 1890
I1a6 p. M. Cincinnati Express, Sunday,
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1867-11-28

"WHAT makes your cows so crossae said
IN old lady TO The milkmsn, the other day
'.Cross, madam They are the gentlest things
in the world "Well the milk is always souri,
the matron replied, sharply.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1867-11-28
FHb1ic Sale.

nN Saturday, the soth Of November, 1867,
~ viii sell at pablo suction, at the Court House in
Keotuk, Ire County, Iowa commencing at 10otloc 1
b. m, Lots one two three fur, I'VE six IN Bloc
hundred aud thirty>a@e, Ard to.sseven eight nine
eicvcn aud twelve In Block undred and thift
nt, In Eeoknk
Terms-ctSH The lots are well situated, and very
sirhbe for but ding purposes.
J, W. RANKIN,
anoy6 -d3taw-t5 Ut Trustee.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1867-11-28

TIE nrsf VENTILATED AND Mosr LUXURIOUS eIIlr-
ING oo.cHss ArIN THE WORLDLY accompa-
ny all night trains this railway.
The daily Gate City. [volume] (Keokuk, Iowa) 1855-1916, 1867-11-28

CHANGE OF TINE.
On aud after Monday, May 9th, 1907, (untl
fur Their notice., Trains vilfun N follows.
LxAvs HAMILTON. ARRIVE HaxrtroN
Express No E.-,7:25 NJ Mail No. 1....,-.-.266 A N
Mail No 2....-..42o N Express No. 3......l:35 n
St. E EsuI Il Exp, sss g. i ss Isp- $40
Nos land 2, daily 3 and IL Daily, except Sunday.
No. II Daily, except Monday.
Omnibrsses leave KEoKUx 40 minutes earlier thsn
tho above time and fail connecting with all Pas
senger Trains at Hamilton
THE ST. LOUIS EXPRESS TRAIN
Leaves Keokuk st 500 p. M, will arrive in
1t. Louis ~ 8s15 n ~.
Leave St. Louis at SiI0 p. M, arrive at Ike.
ekuk IT roo u. m.
Elegant sleeping Gers run through BctwssB
Hamilton tM Louis.
FARE SAME AS By BOAT.
THIS new and short ronte offers greater Inducements
than any cth.r II being 20 much
TRH SHORTEST 4 MOST DI1BoTt
~ y. Eoms 1rfnqfe,d, zb,edo, M6tsaApots Os<ys,
Fl Ogncfsndti, Hns5Mg, Fli,adefphio, Neg FORK,
- 1872 - Il g. ~. -. q
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

EDIToRs CITIzEN:-I notice in your issue
of Friday last call from "Many Voters ="
asking me to become candidate to rep
resent this Senatorial district in our next
Legislature. I feel proud Of the honor thus
conferred, and grateful for your hattering
editorial notice
l fear that the loss of my factory books
and papers in the late conhagration viii
preclude a compliance. 1 have, however,
a competent attorney engaged to attend to
this business, and 1 may yet find the leis-
ure to comply Respectfully yours,
JOHN 4. JACKSON.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

YRsP INTO raz TERREroRY or Ala
H42iA.-tu company with a merry paily Of
friends, ladies' ana gentlemen. we took
short trip down Into Alabama q few days
ago. Besides other special motives in the
visit. we wanted 70 see how folks manage
to get along out Of the Union. Taking
the train here at 2 O'Clock Monday, We
were soon leaving the rich fields Of Giles
behind US, and were rapidly transported to
the ancient city Of Athens. The impa-
tience Of the iron horse only allowed us a
glimpse at this classic city. and we were
shortly crossing the broad Ten lessee, and
landed at Decatur Here we had time to
take stroll all over the city, which took
US about five minutes Not seeing any
thing here worthy Of our special attention.
we were ready a the sound Of the whistle
to continue our journey down the road ov-
er the rich territory Of the Tennessee val
ley. 1t was with pleasure that We beheld
these broad fields in a high state of culti-
walton, promising a rich harvest to the in
dustrious husbandmau. The crops along
the road, although small, were looking
remarkably well, and gave evidence that
they had been thoroughly cultivated.
Arriving At CORTLAND, we accepted q
seat in the carriage with our fair and inter
esling friends, and were soon landed at the
door of their beautiful count try home. We
shall not enter into a detailed account of
what transpired here, for that is strictly
private, and doesn't concern the public
Suffice it to say. We enjoyed the hospitali-
ty of one of Giles county's former citizens,
land who ever saw one that didn't know
exactly how to make one feel at holne2)
for a day aad night, and we are not sorry
a bit that We went.
On wednesday evening, we tore our
selves away from our hospigable friends,
and in rather a blueish mood we re-
turned to the depot, and were soon en- route
| for home.
At Decatur we were joined by squad
Of United States cases" dressed in blue,
who, as we learned upon inquiry, were on
their way to Athens to quiet some distur-
bance, the particulars Of which we did not
! fully understand. From what we learned
during the minute that the train stopped,
1 it seems that the notorious old Bingham,
formerly editor Of paper at Athens, has
been making incendiaIy speeches to the ne
groes of that county, and exciting them to
strike for higher wages, trying to convince
them that they were better than the white
men, and that it would not be long before
their former masters would be glad to wei
come them into their parlOrs, &c. He was
waited on Monday night by some unknown
and indisoreet persons and treated to a coat
Of blacking, and ordered to leave. He de-
clined doing SO. and sent for protection.
We left them to fuss it out aud at
O'Clock found ourselt safely at home. We
will not soon forget this pleasat trip, and
never our very agreeable companions.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

a young lady friend, particular friend
IN Alabama. sent US yesterday the largest
specimen Of crawGsh that ever did craw-
FISH. We cant imagine what it means
We resPeetly ask the young lady if she IN
tends to insinuate that we have "crawfsh-
ed" out of any engagement with her, or
that she intends to ..craw6sh" herself
If the former, we most emphatically and
respectfully deny it. If the latter, we
ask her to come out and say so plainly,
like q little man.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
Closing Out at Cost.

PARsoNs & OLIVER are now offering their
large and we'll assorted stock OF Boots,
Shoes and Hats at cost. Since the burning
of their house they have removed their
stock to the big Q. formerly occupied by
Maj. Boyd, east side public square. Their
old customers and the public generally are
invited to call. Now is the time to supply
yourselves with boots, shoes and hats
cheap. may-242t
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
New Advertisement

Several new legal advertisements az pear
this week from Giles and Lawrence couu-
ties.
Drs. J. P. and J. T. GRANr, dentists,
tender their professional services to the
citizens of Pulaski and vicinity. These
gentlemen come among US well recommen-
ded, and>we solicit for them a share Of the
public patronage.
Attention is invited to the card OF Nick
elson's Improved 'Threshing Machines in
this paper.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

Miss Fannie p Hatch, female school
teacher whose severe punishment OF one OF
her PUPILS provoked much excitement re
Gently in Springfield, Mass, and an indig-
nation meeting, was arraigned few days
ago and bound over in the sum Of $4,000
for trial in December.
If she had been colored, and whipped
white child in Pulaski, she would not have
been mOlested. And if any persons should
have visited the child to ascertain the ex-
tent Of its injuries, they would have been
denounced as mob, seeking 70 do yio-
fence to The teacher OF some eloquent
colored lecturer.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

Once at aformer town meeting, and again
the other day, the citizens of Pittsfeld,
Mass, by large majority, voted that Fes-
tus Campbell, negro was not competent
to be q Juror And this,in Massachusetts.
a Freedman's Bureau should be estab-
lished there at once.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

1t is stated by a Cincinnati German pa
per. that seventy thousand Germans are
on tIfeir way to this country, and that they
viii settle generally in Missouri, where
they are needed to put down the rebel ele-
ment. Many of them, it is said, viii come
to Tennessee.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

After the dastardly attempt of the Mo
bile Radicals to place Mr.. Forsyth at the
head Of the riot, by procuring five negroes
to commit perjury by swearig against
him, the people viii know what estimate
to place on the Radical stories telegraphed
to the Radical papers.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

EDIToRs CITIztN:-If Mr.. ADDISON A.
JACKSON will consent for his name to be
announced as a candidate to represent
Giles county in the next General Assem-
bly,, he will receive the support of
MANY VOTERS
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

DED-In this county, Sunday May
25th. Mrs. SARAH. wife of VIM. OLIVER,
Esq, aged about 81 years.
IN afectionate remembrance of JOHN
CLEGe, Of Pulaski, Giles county, Teunes-
see, North America, who died March 10Th,
1867 in the forty-ninth year of his age.
Like the sturdy oak uprooted by the storm,
he was cut off in the vigor and strength Of
manhood he was kind husband, father,
and firm friend.
We shall miss thee at a thousand turns along Hfe's
weary track,
Not sorrow or Joy, but W. shllI long to call thee
back,
Yearn for thy true and manly heart, long thy bright
smile to sec,
For many dear and true are left, but none are quite
like thee
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

A young friend relates the following as
having transpired in this city few days
&C o, and vouches for its truth fulness:
A few evenings since party Of pious
freedmen had assembled to have a prayer
meeting. During the progress of the
meeting one of ode brudders" getting
warmed up with the subject, cried out,
A'Bress de Lord, Mars Abe Linkum sot dis
poor old body free aud de Lord sOt de soul
free, aud if was june bus I'd fly right
away from dis world of sorrow and tribu-
lation right up to heben." WhereuPon an
old darby standing by exclaimed, "My
Lord brudder Moses, peekerwood cotch
you fore you git half way dar."
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

RELIeIoUs.-Bev G. w. MITCHELL will
preach on the LIST and 81 Sabbath of each
month OF Mt. Moriah Next Sabbath will
preach the funeral Of Mrs. RoB'r REED,
deceased.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

A contemporary asks this pertinent ques-
ton elf the negroes had no votes, would
Senator Wilson and his troupe Of North
ern stumpers ever bulge one foot South to
address them or look after their interests ?''
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

RUsF.-Many of our country friends ex
press the fear that the heavy and eontinu-
ed rains Of the past few days will cause
rust in the wheat Indeed it has already
appeared in many crops.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

A communication from "Phasvens'', win
appear next week.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

On the night CT March cath, one sorrcl marc. in
clined 70 Dc roam, with white face, from - to rs
minds hlgl- from 10 TO y years old. said mare
was siolentrol ny stable, miles west OF Pulaski.
april JAMES II. CONNER,
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

Rust has appeared in the wheatGelds in
Lincoln county, and to some extent in
Giles.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

consisting OF Fall Bosom Shirts, Linen shirts, I'm
der shirts Drawers, Cravats Suspendcrs, Collars;
Intact complete line Of
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
Monuments.

CIV WOODRING is now prepared 70 furnish
Marble Monuments Of any quality, style or size 70
order. CaH and ezamine ms sketetes and Htait5-
M 9l,r1rieflts are delivered at the cemetery, let
tere ana finished SD the highest style OF arr cheap
ar than they can he bought anywhere ia The nited
e.t[ feb15-4m
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

We have had the pleasure of hearing a
few of the peices, instrumental and vocal,
that are IN rehearsal for the grand concert
which is to be given in a week or two by
the ladies of the Episcopal church at this
place, and feel warranted in repeating what
we said before, that it viii be grand af-
fair. Some of the members of tie church
request us to say that their doors will be
thrown open on that night to all who de-
sire to attend, aud they are cordially iuvi-
ted to come and bring their families.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
For Sale.
That valuable Tract Of Land,
MID-BRIDGE.
For Sale.
Thursday the 9th of June next,


DY virtue Of tood Of trust, duly registered,
ID made to me by BUrwell Alternately, on
Thursday the 9th Of June next,
on the premises, viii sell at public sale, the we'll
known and beautiful tract of land Mid Bridge, con
tanning 500 acres situated in civil districts q in
Giles county, Tenn, on the waters of Newton's
creek. adjoining the lands of DrS. II. Stout VIM.
L. Brown, Jas w. Rivers and others.
Upon SAID tract there is a large and commodious
dwelling comparatively new, and IN first rate or
der, together with necessary out houses, &c, 6c.
Several never failing springs and an abundance OF
water for stock purposes, four orchards OF fruit
trees Just beginning to bear
Said land lies on the turnpike road leading from
Pulaski to Ekton, about miles from either place,
and within about miles of Aspen Hill station on
the Nashville and Decatur Rail Road. There arc
500 acres cleared and in cultivation, the balance
heavily timbered. The soil Is Of the first quality
Giles and Maury counties, admirably adapted to the
growth of cotton, corn, grain and grass. In less
than a mile there is n handsome church and also a
school houfe, both Of which are regularly occupied.
The neighborhood is as social and good any in
Middle Tennessee. In fact, taking the soil, loca-
ton, and Improvements generally 1T Is regarded as
among the best tracts in Giles It is susceptible Of
three more settlements and viii be sold in lots to
suit purchasers.
Terms of Sale.
$500 in cash the balance upon credit Of g. y, IS
and "A months. Bond and approved security le-
quireo, and lien retained foc payment Of purchase
money.
Also,
At same time and place, l viii sell the personal
property conveyed in said deed, consisting of hors
es a mule, yoke of oXsn, ( milch COWS, 10 head OF
sheep, &c, together with large amount Of house
hold and kitchen furniture, and 500 volumes Of lit
erary and classical books, ancient and modern, a
very aluable selection and deserving the attention
Of the publi'.
Terms.
All sums under So cash; those over upon a credit
to LIST of January i868 said sales are made to sat
Isfy the objects of said deed of trust.
A plat and survey of the land can be seen at my
Office. [may l0-tdl NATHAN ADAMS,
Trustee.
Nashville Daily Banner copy I'd and send bill to
this Office
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

The first number of ''The Rescue" a
new conse1 vative journal just started at
Shelbyville by R. G. Russ, is before u.s.
1t is neat and spicy journal, and we ex-
tend to it hearty welcome. The editor
talks boldly and independently. He says:
We do not expect to please everybody,
we are not everybody's man, but we viii
do all We can to give satisfaction. Remem-
Der that
We do not belong to the public,
The paper it is our own,
And those who like it can take it,
Those who don't can let it alone.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
Break un Hell Itself.

An old preacher in Western New York,
who was being persuaded by some of his
ohurohmen during the political excitement
in that State last fall. to join the Radical
party, said;
"No. my brethren, can join that party
because ell the abolitonists in the country
are in it, and Abolitionism, my brethren,
has done a wonderful sight of harm among
the people It has hurt many sheperds
and scattered many aocks. It got into the
Methodist church and broke that up. It
got in among the Presbyterians aud split
them in two and it got into the Govern
ment and broke the old Union to pieces
And, my brethren, don't know Of any
thing It is good for but to break down and
break up. And if you have any enmity
against the old boy, 1 advise you to send
Abolitienism into his dominions, and it
will break he'll mp itselfin less than six
weeks"
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
eENTLEMEN.s CLOTHING.

which we are selling to compete with Nashville Pri-
PRICES We also call attention TO our fine stock Of
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

Admiral Semmes speaks of BroWnlow
as the "Cuttle-fsh Governor" To appre-
oiate the appOsiteness of this comparison
one must remember that the cuttle-fsh is
"a creature that can hide himself in cloud
of his own filth
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31
MONETARY.
DOMESTIC MARKET.

opnEoTED EVERY WEEK BY JOHN D. rIAUrr & co.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1867-05-31

II, are invited to call and examine the stock be
"A fore purchasing elsewhere
march 16, 1886 #. sIACfs MOhhlS ~ %.
Nashville union and dispatch. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1866-1868, 1867-10-10
House of REPRESENTATIVES,.

WEDNESDAY, Oct. 9.-The House met
according to adjournment at I0A.M.
A resolution was adopted providing tina;
the sessions of the House be opened with
prayer, and that the loyal clergymen Of
the city be requested to ofheiate.
Mr.. Doughty offered a resolution Of
thanks to Messrs. Martin and Hill, late
Doorkeeper and Assistant Doorkeeper, and
allowing them their pay per diem for three
days services during the present session.
The resolution was laid on the table, it
not being considered legitimate to appro-
pirate money by resolution.
Senate joint resolution providing for the
appointment of joint committee to wait
on the Governor and inform him Of the
organization of the General Assembly, was
adopted, and Messrs Bosom, ProsseT, Ry-
der, Walker and Thornburg, of Jefferson,
were appointed on the part of the House.
The House then took a recess until 1890
A. NJ. l
At twenty minutes of eleven the House
and Senate met in convention.
Mr.. Smith, on the part Of the Senate,
and Messrs Bean and Doughty on the
part of the House, were appointed joint
committee to count the votes for Governor.
They announced the result az follows:
Nashville union and dispatch. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1866-1868, 1867-10-10
In the Political Interests of
the People,

The UNION AND DISPATCH, as hereto
fore. will take the Constitution and laws for its
guide; and in the discussion Of all the new and
intricate questions and issues arising out Of the
extraordinary condition IN which the country
placed. it will adhere TO the principles an
teachings Of the founders aud expositors Of our
government and institutions. II will endeavor
to guard with vigilance and defend with unwa-
vering earnestness and faith the rights and inte-
sts Of all the States. and the essential princi-
les which constitute the basis of the Republic.
We shall oppose all invasons of these. and
uphold. to the utmost OF our ability. the union
of the States under them. Feeling that they
re endangered by the revolutionary schemes of
the Radical politicians who now hold the Legis-
latve power Of the Government. we shall abate
othing Of our past opposition TO their mea-
EUr" With these views. which are no less thay
,IOlound convictions. we cannot and will not
hesitate to defend the unfortunate South
the aspersions and impositiOns heaPe0 upO Is
people, and urge that JUSTICE and RIGHT shal
be metod out TO them.
Nashville union and dispatch. [volume] (Nashville, Tenn.) 1866-1868, 1867-10-10
NEW AND SHORTEST ROUTE
CHANGE OF TIME.
Nashville and Northwestern
R AiTLR DAD
OFFICE GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT.
NASHVILLE. TRNN., Sept. 2S, 1867.

ON AND AFFER SURDAK. sEPrK
DAILY PASSENGER TRAINS vii run as
follows.
Morning Traln-L Leaving Nashville at 600
=. IN, arriving Memphis at : y. m, arriving
Hickman at $40 ID. n
Evening Train-Leaving Nashville at z;30
y. m, arriving Memphis az Io.46 q. IA, ar
irving Hickman at els a. an
Making close connections with the Mobile and
Ohio Railroad at Humboldt for Mobile New
Orleans, and all intermediate points.
At Hickman connecting with a first lass
line of steamers for Nicksburg, Natchez
Baton Rouge. Cairo, ST. Louis. and all interms-
diate points on the Upper and Lower Missis-
sippi Rivers. A frst-class Transfer Steamer
will ply between Hickman and Cairo, making
close connections with the Illinois Central Rail
road for st. Louis Mo, Chicago, H., Dubuque.
and Northwest.
Passenger Train leaves Memphis at II y. ni
Hickman at $40 a. ui., arriving Nashville At
y. an.
nI, Hickman at $50 "a I'M, arriving Nash
vile at G:fO o'clock "a. I'M.
Making close connections at Nashville with
Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad for Chat
tanOOga, Knoxville, Lynehburg. Richmond
Washington, Baltimore, Phlade lphia, New
FORK; Atlanta, Augusta Savannah, Charles
ton, Macon, MONTGOMERY, West Point etc. Con
meets with the Louisville and Nashville Rail
road for Louisville, Indianapolis, Cincinnati
and all points East Connects with the Mash
vile and Decatur Railroad for Franklin. Co
lumbia, Pulaski. Athens. Ala, and Decatur.
Alabama.
This il the Shortest and Cheape.f
Route to Memphis, IL being seventy-nins
miles shorter than the Decatur route, ani
forty SIX miles shorter than the EdFefvld nnd
kentucky route.
Chief Eng and Gen supt. n. and n ". K. R.
aug23 Il