The New York herald., 1867-02-07

Lecture by Rev. J. q. Fletcher.
lecture was delivered last evening by the Rev J. G
Fletcher At the Reformed Dutch church, rweniy-nrst
street. ON tho subject 'Two Thousand Miles up the
Amazonn There was . large and attentive audience
present The lecturer In his opening remarks briefly
rke,chsd the landing the Spaniard In South America
under Pizaro and their subsequent conquests over .
great portion OF the continent From Peru m expedi-
tlon was 6tted out 1885, nnder Gonzales Pzao, TO
discover . city which the Indians informed them
abounded in gold Tho Indians Of Peru found the Span
iards avacious for the Of gold that they
told them there was city the interior whose streets
were lined with gold, and the King Of which
lived in q magnificent palace, the pillars OF
which were alabaster. and whose roof sparkled
with precious gems Tho King each morning
had odorfeYous BATH after which hie attendants pep
pcred him with gold dust that this King was ssved ~
borndothe Golden One II wss from this the town Fl
Dorado arose. This aroused the cupay OF the Span
lards that expedition htted out for the Goiden
City and with party of sIaniards and large force OF
Indians Pxarro 70 cut hts through the eeep
forests that lay between him and his coveted prize The
Indians surprised a. the cupidy as well ss st the
avarce Of the spanards and they ourneyed on and
on they would still say the city Of the III Dorado lay
further on; and the Spanards penetrated deeper into
the wilderness Of forests TILL with fatigue and
and the want OF provisions that was
necessary 70 send OF detachment 70 procure food.
onans was chosen tolcommand the party and they pur
sued their way th they rsach6d the 0ronoco, which
they were informed would bring them 10 the ocean.
Onana conceived the idSa Of building vessei
which would convey thom ts the and thus back 10
Spain Some Of bis companions opposed this but they
wcro brought 70 terms, aud the expedition set
forth ill they reached the Amazon OF the niagnifcence
Of this river without seeing IL could have any
Just conception. The monk who chroncled the expedi
ou gives account OF an encounter thc Spanards had
with the AMazons, . race Of warrior women, who, IL
was supposed Inhabited the region Tho Spaniards
attacked by these seeming Amazons and not till
allowed TO proceed which subsequently sailing down
the Oronoco reached the and made their back
to Spain. Onana andsls companions were pardoned by
the monarch for their account OF the discovery and
other wonders Of the great river When subsequent
travellers reached the region Of the Amazon they in
quired for the warrior women till tho indians, thinking
the srar gers knew than themselves would speak
OF them as if such Amazons really existed But the
mistake arose from the dress OF the Indian warriors who
their hair parted IN the middle and their b ads
decorated with feathers; and they fought
behind immense shields which reached to their chins,
was easy i0 mistake them for women, and IL
wonder that they imagined they encountered women
warriors Al the present time. when the Emperor OF
Brazil goes twice year STATE 70 open ana close tse
Kings of Portugal OF century ago, and In addition
cap decorated with tho feathers of the Ioncan,
thus representing the native authority in portion OF
the dress OF tho ancient Caciques II was from
these supposed women warTiers that the name
permission from the King Of Spain to set out again
for the Amazon, but in making his way up the
river be, through Disappointment sickened and
died without being permitted as he hoped 70 give his
name onana, to the river The Indians call the river
Para, which means the rivor or the King OF Waters
tho word Para belonging them the Para, the Pa
rams, Paraguay &c. In Paraguay nine-tenths Of the
The most usual and at present most direct route 70 tho
Amazon Is by English steamer from Southampton or
French steamer from Bordeaux TO 81 Taomas; from
this by Brazilian steamer 70 the river Para Brazil u 1t
present Withdrawing the restriction which formerly OBJ
struced commerce communication with the country
nal make more q her advantages in the xsy Of
ranic with the empire. At present most OF the agrc
urs n uss iness y are Of Amercan
and moro than ono half IN population. 1t Is estimated
that South America conlans htteen millions OF people;
climate Of BRAZIL though wsthn no tropics ~ tenn
psrase and cHcsedne salobriods. owing to The trade
cinas that sor there me coat s barren IT H. and from
man % On ID Amsson ths shsimomsssr never varies
Ths % siny my season. s MOI consinuous oa sSe Amazon,
or In Brazil while Il astA Il 10 seldom that
sunshine nor scss tho ram l a. *. same time over
all <he regoa The region covered By the Amazon in
Brazil includes two millions Of square miles Inc Anna
taken s entirely region that 10 large
tho whole Of the United States excepting the
torieR The river Madena Is branch Of the Amazon,
sour does to the MISSISSIPPI The greatest distance
navigate the Mississippi is two thousand
eight hundred miles, bnt be saw, n the dryes season
sand miles up the Amazon. Whio that river wider
and deeper than tho mississippi has twenty branches
dred miles longer than the Hudson. Tho lecturer
then gave a br.ef sketch Of the cause and pro-
gress OF the war between Paraguay and the
allies, and in concluding his remarks on that
subject expressed tho conviction and the hope
that the allies would be SUCCESSFUL theirs would be
the Of civilization and progress The Emperor
OF Brazil, he said, had determined ere longao abolish
slavery throughout the empire and quoted the Emperors
saying tn Mr scarctt the English minister at his court
that he had lived 10 ses tho end OF the African slave
trade, and he hoped the abolition Of domestic
slavery In again referring 10 the Amazon he said that
the mouth OF that WIDE enough swallow the
States OF Massachusetts, and Rhode sland with slice
OF Connecticut In, The Of the Amazon flowed ia
such volume 10 the that thoy retained their color
seven leagues out Tho lecturer then erred
OF the clcs prophesying that Para formerly
tined to be the capital Of Braz would become the chief
OF the productions Of the Andes and the heart OF South
America
Tho lecture very interesting, and listened to
with great attention BY very apprecailvc audience