The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1867-03-01

lOund on the opposite shore OF Africa. What
distinguishes these monkeys from all other
monkeys is the form or shape of their head
which is prOtruded, like that of the
fox, and occasionally called, ON that ac-
count, the fox monkey. They have pointed
snout, and are more like that animal than
monkeys generally are. Their fingers too, are
more numerous, and are provided with claws,
rather than the fiat nails of other monkeys 50
that we have fourth group of monkeys, which
are characterized by q popularity of their
structure, easily recognized and unmistakable
the macacas, which inhabt the island OF
Madagascar and the opposite coast OF Africa;
the monkeys which resemble the squirrel and
which inhabit tropical South America; the
monkeys with broad nostrils, which lnha0it
South America generally within the tropics,
and the monkeys OF the Old World, which are
found in Africa and Asia and within the tropics;
hut not found in Madagascar or Australia. 1t
is a curious thing that they live in tropical
region in which the palm tree Aourishes, and
which is the principal abode of monkeys, as in
Atrica-that Australia should be destitute of
monkeys, while on the adjoining islands mon
keys, not only of the common kind, but the
higher kind of monkeys, are found.
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE.
This shows, in my estimation one thing
that all differences which exist among animals
cannot be ascTibed TO climatic influences, or
that at all events, that climate simply and of
itself does not produce ANIMALS which are akin
to each other, for throughout Australia, which
exhibits all the peculiar climatic productions
of the tropical and temperate zones, has
neither monkeys, nor carnlvorous animals, nor
ruminants; neither deer nor elks, antelopes nor
elephants, nor rhinoceros nor hippopotamus
nor tapirs, nor any of the other large quad
rupeds which inhabt everywhere else the
tropical regions of the earth; nor are there in
Australia any of the rumnants-no girafes, no
Camels, nor antelopes, nor any of the carnivo-
rous tribes; no bears; no weases, no foxes,
nor dogs, nor wolves; no cats, tigers, or lions;
none of those tribes, but the whole of the
continent is peopled by quadrupeds of pecu-
,,,la ar,A oil tnf thnr ppra Hro1 20 slsan
There is the marsupial klnd-the kangaroo
family-all remarkable for the peculia1ity of
having, like our opossum, pouch to carry its
young, the only genus found on this continent.
All these animals of the marsupial genus have
under the abdomen pouch where their young,
born in an immature condition, are transferred,
and where they remain till they reach greater
progress in development. That marsupial group
is peculiar group of quadrupeds known only
to Australia, and in their various forms they
ape all the other families as common in other
parts OF the world. Some they call monkeys
though not having any of the characteristics of
monkeys, and others they call carnivorous
animals, though they have none of the habits of
carnivorous animals, and others they class
among the ruminants, though they are not
ruminants properly speaking. To treat upon
this subject would lead me too far from the sub
ject of the lecture, should enter into detailed
account of these animals.
All want to impress upon you 10 this con-
nection is the fact that in every part of the
world there are peculiar tribes of animals and
that these tribes do exhibit such close relations
to the climatic conditions, that we cannot with
any kind of satisfactory evidence ascribe these
peculiarties to other than the climatic influences
under which they live. Among those monkeys
there are innumerable varieties or species or
genera, as you may call them, for the name is
not of very great importance here. l want,
however, to make clear the fact what is the
nature of these differences. Among those
monkeys are the ourang-outang, the gorilla,
and the chimpanzee, which have hands made
In the same manner, and teeth the same, and
in which the details of the structure present
the same relations, and which are, therefore,
considered as one group. The name under
which the higher monkeys are generally desIg-
mated are anthropophagi monkeys, and are
called man-monkeys.
We have those monkeys In which the snout is
very prominent and large, like a dog, the tail
short and the limbs stout, the body large and
strongly built; these are the balloons. But
again there are among them some kind of diff
terent species, differing in size and differing in
color, as well as differing in the length of the
hair over the Lead and neck, in the name and
so forth. We have another group of long-tailed
monkeys of the Old World, remarkable for their
slender forms and great length of their tails,
and the greater prominence of their snouts,
their teeth, and the like. But among them,
again, there are number of different Species
occupying different portions OF the Old World,
OF Africa and Asia. And so it is with the mon
keys of the New World. In South America we
have some monkeys with prehensiie tails, but
III WHICH Iut ldll Is CONGItu WIFI udlTs
MEN ARE NOT DERIVED FROM A COMMON STOCK.
Now | hold that idea OF the community of
origin of man and monkeys and other quad
rupeds is fallacy, the foundation of which
shall try to explain presently. But if it is an
error to consider man as derived from monkeys,
we must admit that men are not derived from
a common stock because the differences which
exist among men are at the same time quite as
striking as the differences which exist between
monkeys and between the lower animals. Let
ma amt ont / az E1~ct
say in what all men agree and in what all men
differ from monkeys. All men agree in having
four limbs, one pair of which terminates with
feet and the other terminates with hands. All
men are endowed with the ability of standing
erect, and their constitution is such that the
erect position is not an requirement resulting
from education, and Is not the result of the
successive chain, but Is one of the constituted
peculiarities of the human frame. The whole
of the backbone is so organized that man can
carry with ease his heavy, broad head only in
a vertical position. He has not, as animals
have q ligament with which he may support the
head in horizontal position with ease, but the
head must be balanced on the top of the vertical
column, in order that it may rest and be moved
with facility in every direction. Then man has
limbs on the sides of the chest so organized that
he can move them in every direction, and touch
every part of his body with them; and that pair
of limbs terminates with the most perfect hand
known in nature, and that hand is so constituted
as readily to carry out the mandate OF the mind.
1t is brought into the service OF the intellect,
and is no longer an organ of locOmotion, as is
the case in the monkey. All these peculiarties
are Characteristic Oh all men, and between
monkey and man there is no structural transi-
ton. There is no gradation from the highest
monkey to the lowest race of man. All those
attempts at bringing man closer to the monkey
by the lower types of humanity overlook these
fundamental conditions which make man, how
ever low and infrm, man, and which separate
him from the monkey, however high as a mon
key he may stand. (Applause)
MA Tp on All