New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-11-19
IAROR and LAND IN EYCLAY6.

Ina all ages disturbances among laboring
people are common, but that they should arse
in country so rich as England, where
machinery does the work of millions of human
hands. and whose commercial transactions eX-
eel those of any other peoDle-in short that
so much prosperity should bear as fruit, DIS
tress and pauperism, surprises the politician
and the philanthropist, and makes them doubt
whether science, industry, and religion ever
are to see day Of triumph
At the time when England sent to the Colo
MES which afterward became the United States
vast number of intelligent farmers, as well
as many of an educated class little above
them, one-seventh of her population was COM
posed of yeomanry. These were small landed pro-
pretors and the number of heads OF families
among them was about 100000. lt was OF these
that the bulk of the colonial immigrants was
composed. On their small farms they produced
immense quantities of fruit butter, cheese
eggs. honey and vegetables, and when they
came to America they engaged in the same
outstanding. When they left England, wealthy
men bought their land, and added it to their
estates; the orchards died of neglect and old
age their cheerful cottages sank in ruins
when are now Dy HtdpS VI S1oh'S' al"
the hedges of the small fields gradually were
cut down, leaving wide prospects where before
were neat streets with frequent houses, or
hamlets often arising to the dignity of villages
Goldsmith's Deserted Village was an English
not an Irish picture. Naturally, the yeomanry
could have no SUCCESSORS, and we need no
longer be surprised that immigrants from En-
gland have ceased to be of the superior class
who were capable of laying the foundation OF
liberty in America. The accumulation of great
wealth commenced with the acquisition OF
large landed estates and the disappearance of
the yeomanry and now the whole number Of
landed proprietors does not exceed 10000 AS
consequence, the agricultural system has
changed The farmer having ceased to be a
proprietor pays rent, working many acres, and
employs day labOrers. AS a general thing he
does not himself labor, and he asDires TO the
title of "gentleman farmer" 1t is said that
with the new system farming has improved,
but this can have reference only to grass ana
roots, and in particular to improved herds OF ami
mails, which improvement has, without Doubt
been mt the expense Of the laboring people.
That the varied style of farming no longer
exists would be natural TO conclude, and 1t
is evident from the fact that in the yea' 1866
nearly S100O0,0O0 worth of eggs were imported
from France into. England.
These results are attracting the attention OF
all thinking men, as we gather from tie re-
| ports of the discussions in the various tanners
clubs. The establishment of large farm, and
the deprving the laborer of an interest il the
soil, will have a similar effect elsewhere, 'ut 1t
| is more marked in England because capital IL
greater, and because capital is more exciting
the greater it becomes First, il want OF
cottages The dwellings of the yeonanry
having finally disappeared, the landowners
| have no desire to see them restored, aId so
pressing is the need for comfortable roof that,
| generally family which has house ofthree
rooms will take lodger. The Marquis OF
Lothian, in rebuilding cottages on his estdes III
| Norfolk, made it a condition with his tnants
that they should take no dodgers On oneocca-
sion, Sir William Bagge proposed that M cot
tage should be built with fewer than three
rooms, in order that decency might be pre-
served, particularly between the sexes thus
giving one room for a cooking and sleplng
apartment for the man and his wife, ore for
his girls, and one for his boys; butLord
Leicester thought it would be necessity to
have policeman at the door to preveD the
family from taking dodgers AS conscience
of this distressed condition, laborer are
crowded into towns and wretched hamlds or
into decayed aud uncomfortable ruins Of cot