The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1867-05-05
NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, MAY s. 1s67-TRpLE SHEET

N Es&Z
Exhibition o any q the articles except those Of the n
American gun, which be examined with clossnsss Il,
o,fsd Ns % SSsid studied ~ parts T carefully
cited his admiration His Majesty had all the informa
ton pe.abIs - % the method employed in brouzng
70 which he lent the closest attention.
After remaining moro than hour in the department
The crowd had been kept out by . Gordon OF polio.
while his Majesty moving about In department
and only two Americans, who 1t when the
Emperor quietly in, were allowed to stay in the
the few articles he examined and expressed
belief that the American portion would be highly cred
/ table and interesting whom completed.
One will not be able under two or three weeks until
| the American department assumes a moro complete
shape 70 enter into details Of the appearance OF the
various classes as compared with those Of other nations
II would be unfair 70 do just now and indeed mpos
sibe. When finished it will be easy institute some
comparisons which may 30 interesting and valuable
On Sunday more than forty thousand visited the
great show and still larger number viii doubtless avail
admission to throng the galleries and loter about its
grounds next Sabbath Il ID proposed give certain
very cheap DAY: fot the poor At which time the
By this means the anair win be popular with
the mi masses and profitable i is Q % hoped
the exhibition On Sunday. on account Of the immoral
The American exhibitors have been approached by Ger
thing Il TO Is hoped that such courss w,ii mos be
% % vssnch, but il would raj also 70 accomplish
any good Paris win not b. reformed by . lot Of
nnsse eoe ana American s. Who cover Yer Up
hisiten on thas day. even r. they IAN % see
whas England and America have ssnt 70 the Worlds
argument to prove that the working do and
viii amuse themselves on Sundays, their only day Of
recreation 1t better permit them do place
especially set apart for the exhibition OF everything cal
cuated to promote the welfare and progress Of mankind
Less injury Will be done to the morals Of the people at
that place than any other place Of resort in PARIS
The Scientific Depnrtmeut-Ir0n Its Prepar.
alton and Uses I'm National Indussry-COnfri.
buttons Of Manufactured Iron from America
PARIS April 10, 1857
At length the exhibitors here getting their contri-
buttons in shape and everything will soon be in order
that shall not have to be constantly the lookout
TO know when any now article arrives Nothing is
tiresome to be kept in uncertainty amid so many
productions Of industry to whether extra.
ordinary piece may along to win ct sight the admit
ration and the decision Of all in its favor Then
again there flying about that such such
house has sent something extraordinary for exhibition
but that 1t hard say whether will arrive safe or
not Thus our admiration for what s here Is kept in
check BY the expectation Of having better still admire
exhibition. have spent most Of my time in sxamn.
ing the samples Of iron work. castings steel work. &C
Some q yet only roughcast others finished and
polished 6ne mirrors. In presence Of these won
deui results obtained by industry, bear in mind that
be able judge these articles at their proper value
II would DO WE'LL even necessary, to know something
about the handcraft requisite to produce all these var
GUS works. as we'll as tho Of care necessary to
turn Thorn out faultless.
Iron may well BE- looked upon as tho most important
metal wrought nowadays Although very widespread in
nature does mot appear that tho ancens made Of
It, Homer, in his oIlad," speaks Of brass only, the
composition Of which must have resembed that OF
bronzs and indeed the Of iron BY any people needs
always previously extensive development In the in
dustria pursuits Of such people, the qualities Of that
metal various account OF the very small quan
titles q different foreign substances which 1t may
tain So O. 70 alter these various qualities 1t the
time - the composition Of tho metal 1t has TO go
through processes the importance and difficulty Of
which are commemorate only with the value OF the
results finally obtained.
The iron used for commerce is pure. It always
contains considerable quantities Of carbon, Of sclum,
Of sulphur well -, in special instances, or phos:
phorus aud even arsenic Ordinary iron il Of graysh
blue color malieabe and ductle. and it s the most
tenacious Of all the metas-a wire but line in diam
ster requiring weight Of about six hundred and twenty
pounds to break IL Iron naturally granuated and It's
quality Is % much the better whom its grit Ia Ano regu
lar and shiny. Under the hammer Il becomes sinewy
iike and good piece OF iron when broken presents the
iron be struck with tho hammer In the direction or its
length or red hot iron be suddenly plunged into cold
water. Il RECEIVERS its britiisness
iron is divided into two classes according TO IT'S
natural characteristics and purity, namely: iron that
can forged either cold hot and iron that breaks
when cold at certain higher or lower heat There
are some Qualities of irons that break when hot owing
to the sulphur arsenic which they contain Then;
again. there s IRON that breaks whether hot or cold;
Cast iron on cooling NAV assume crystalline forms: IL
even this without losing its solid state This pro-
acity which kecps constantly diminishing. This takes
place when q piece Of sinewyiks iron 70 made 10
molecular movement takes place which causes the
capitalization OF the metal and the iron becomes brittle
and loses many OF the qualities which had rendered II
serviceable This effect Is frequently noticeable In the
case OF carriage aud locomotive axles well In tho
wires suspension bridge& To restore 1t to ts snewy
aud tenacious character IL must he forged that Is ham
rnered when hot The specific gravity Of iron s
IT. but IL may be hammered TO 10. When heated. long
befolst msIts IRON soeus, and is Of this property
different shapes that requisite 10 industrial pursuits
1t Yields without tho inierpostIon Of any other metal
and the welded part Of al iron bar - solid - the rest
from which II cannot be distinguished.
Iron, at ordinary temperature. can he preserved
% IN ~" az so Win & aim o.
cxde, which keeps constantly growing thicker; whom
red hot It oxdizes more rapidly, and at white heat u
burma aud on sparks. Whom exposed to damp air
iron viii eventually get covered with coating Of rust
which win grow thicker quite rapidly, 20 FIRE
oueny corrode the piece Of iron which has formed
in much less than took the rust to form thereon
Iron met everywhere In nature. There 10 stratum
Of soil that does contain IRON Nevertheless the
her OF mineral deposits sufficiently rich in iron to
warrant It's extraction for industrial purposes II yet
limited enough. The only ores worked are magnetic
oxide OF ron the hydraed peroxide Of iron the anhy
drous peroxide and the carbonate Of protoxid the
iron Of the coal pits.
There are quite different processes used In treating
iron. The nrst, which is called the Caialonian
method yields the immediately forged and ready
be used working but this process can be used
only with very rich ores. The second method 10 that
OF blast furnaces which yields forge pig, iron,
which has 70 DO refined and wrought % Is 70 make
merchantable iron.
The Cataonian process consists In Arst washing the
clean Il Of all earthly matter then roasting
IT, ssnd afterwards treating In furnace with char
coal, over which . current Of air IN passed
Upon reducing the forms spongy and elastic body
composed Of iron and combinations o. oxide Of iron
with the silicon Of the ore. This compound h moro
fusibis than the iron; and whom the whole mass