davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

we CLIP the following from the Baltimore Ifaaas-
cript, Of Friday. It will be seen that the Masonic
Order, true to the generous instincts thai belong
to their teaching, have remembered the poor of
the South, especially those Of our own city. Bal
timore has made for herself glorious record since
the war, by her free and nobl' charities, and the
Masons, by their cordial symI by and ready aid.
have ennobled their order and ded another link
to the chain that already binds to us as the en-
bodiment of all earthly good:
HELP FOB TIE, PooR.-Contre LODGE No...108,
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, dcsirous to aid
the Masonic Relief Fair to be held at Charleston,
S. c., have had made six pieces Of sllverwere, as
donation to that benevolent undertaking. They
oanaist of tureen, castor, with cut-glass cruets
an ice-water pitcher, cake basket, butter
cooler, and a saliva. They were manufactured by
Mr.. william Holmes, No. IL Bank Lane, and will
be on exhibition for several days before their re-
mo7nl to Charleston, at the store of Mr. ]. Cor
bett No. SO Baltimore street.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

Two ceremonials of great interest recently took
place in Paris. At the Hotel DIES 1nvalides the
veterans and pensioners assembled III the chapel,
around the remains of NAPOLEON l., twenty-slx
Years having elapsed since they were brought tack
from st. Helena, by the order Of LOUIS PHILIPPE.
On the same day, ut the Chapel OF the sorbonno'
tho few remains there are left Of Cardinal 1s1cHE-
LIEU were returned to tho splendid mausoloum IN
which they we're laid over two centuries ago, and
iron, which they were taken BY ING mop uoliI =
their resting place was witnessed by tho celebri-
ties of France amid great ponp,
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
European news Der Steamer.

New YORK, January 14.-The steamer Manhat-
tar, bringing European dates to tue I'd and Sd
instant, has arrived.
The returns of revenue Of Great Britain for the
past year were of that satisfactory nature that the
Times anticipates D'Israei will lave to deal
with surplus of about million and three
brings peace as New Years gift to Europe and
financially never did o year open with better
promise.
The Emperor Napoleon, in his opening address
to the Corps Dlp1emaatique on the 1st, said; "rho
Of expressing my wishes for the stability Of
thrones and the prosperity of nations. hope
that we are entering Upon n new era of peace and
conciliation, and that the Universal Exhibition will
contribute towards calming passions and drawing
closer the general interest"
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

A Wisconsin Official who lad arrested couple
of rascals, WAS riding with his prisoners when a
erairio chicken made it's appearance, and tho
officer wew his revolver and fired two or three
he could do better, and the revolver Vas handed
over to him. Tie prisoner, however, did not try
his skill on the chckon, but presented the shoot
ing iron at the officer and ''backed of" leaving
tho officer to cugitate on the uncertainty OF man,
md to return home minus prisoners and 500 re-
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

TIE HARDNESS OF s1LvEs.-M. Nathey, assayer
of Locla has HhoHn that the hardness Of which
caryers in silver sometimes complain is not owing
to the presence of tn lead or any other etal, but
is solely due to the high temperature at which the
silver is cast. BY letting the crucible cool, until
slight solid crust is formed on the surface Of the
fused metal, and casting ut that moment, soft
silver with brilliant cut is obtained.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

COLUMBIA, s. c., January 14.-The freedmen are
leaving this vicinity in such numbers as to excite
alarm for the future cui,,:ation of the lands.
They are chiefly bound for Florida, whittier they
are transported by Government, at IN expense Of
ebout five dollars per head, and promise Of ra-
tions until the working season commences. Their
main reasons for leaving are hopes Of better en-
ploymeht in the new regions to which they are
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
1VIRS, "IVn s 6fV6U 2CSI3oV0,
The New Orleans Riot.
A special telegram from Washington, Jaruar,

n speClal IeleSEdM uoLl " dSllluS tOu, Sthutt
8, to the New Orleans Crescent says:
Tho Radicals horo say the report Of the Neu
Orleans riot committee will not be presented tt
Congress for some three weeks. No reliance, how
ever is placed in this assertion and it is generally
believed that the committee will endeavor to scnG
it before the opening of the discussion on Thad
Stevens terlitorializing bill, for the purpose o
making capital III it's favor. A number OF shame.
"a. facts connected with the investigation have
been ascertained from reliable sources. II is
Known, for instance, that, without including the
time similarly occupied in Washington, the com.
mittee devoted five days and half to the hearing
OF Radical partizan testimony, and only two days
and half to the taking of evidence by which that
might hare been exposed andrefuted.
Quite enough is known, in short, show that
IL. opinions Of the Radical members Of the conf
nittee were made up on tho question they were
appointed to investigate, even before they left
Washington.
The treatment of the authorities and others OF
the citizens who offered testimony to the COM
mittce, is learned toNhave been outrageous. :
They positively refused to admit the evidence
which was offered with respect to most imnnrtant
The testimony Of Gov. Wells. on the other band,
vas admitted after the committee had announced
the c.osure Of the Investigation.
The evidence is said to cover seven hundrec
printed pages. l.,.o
scnted to Congress.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

SOUTHERN TRADE WITH BALTIMonE.-The Balti-
more Sun sayB that "tho trado between Baltimore
and the Southern States during tho past year by
water has been of gratifying character. With
regular % lines Of steamships 10 New Orleans, savqn-
nah, Charleston, Richmond, Norfolk, &C., our city
has come in for her full share Of the trade The
receipts of cotton during tho year v, were re,
bales. OF tobacco the receipts were 81 701 pack
ages, 29l9 hogsheads, 50G boxes, and 2C3 cases,
principally from Richmond Petersburg, and other
Virginia ports. The receipts of wool were 2S34
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

luS telHdHh No
The above with many other statements bearing,
upon their faces equally strong evidence that John
rounds Of the press, and, without any desire to
add another sensation paragraph to the already
long list on this subject, we make the following
statement:
There is o gentleman residing within days =
travel Of Vicksburg IA personal friend OF one OF
the editors OF this paper) who il he has not shaved
his n.oustache very recently, bears remarkable
resemblance to tho local photographs Of Booth;
and long after tho reported death OF this = acter
this man was arrested in Louisville, KY Tor BOOTH
ton, and establish his identity, before he was re-
leased,
The question is very pertinent one: Why wero
detectives in search of the man who killed Mr.
Lincoln long after that man was reported dead!
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
PUBLIC NOTICE,

DISTRICT COURT FOR BEnKLEY DISTRICT.
IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE MpossIBnTY OF
procuring place Of safe confinement for Prisoners in
the village Of Pnopos is ordered TINT tho first Quar-
tery Session of the District Court for Berkeley be hold
at MOUNT PLEASANT nstcad of Pinopolis, as hereto
fore advertsed), on tie Fourth Monday in January
instant
snecia Court will be hold on Wednesday, 9th inst,
By ordor OF Judge F. D. RICHARDSON.
JW. DROWNFIELD,
1.n,orv6 et1,thG Clerk Dist. Court Berkley.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

Tie Columbus sun complains that the Montgo-
mcry & West Point Railroad discriminates agninst
Savannah in favor of Charleston, by having made
arrangements to load cars with cotton in Atontgo-
merry and sond thom through to Augusta or
Charleston, while it refuses to make similar ar
rangement with tho Musoogee Road, by which
cotton could be sent to Savannah,
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
Congressional.

WASHINGTON, January l4.-In the Senate, Mr..
Ramsey presented q petition, asking an appropri-
alton for the Improvement Of tho Mississippi
River. Referred to the Committee on Commerce.
hlr. Howe presented petition foR roconstruc-
ton on the basis Of equal rights. Referred.
Several petitions were presented urging the pas
sage of Tariff Bill.
In the House, the first business in order being
the call of the States for Bills and joint resolutions,
the following were presented: A Bill declaring the
forfeiture of certain privileges of citizenship for
acts. of,robellion against the United States, and
Providing for tho restoration Of those privileges
In certain cases. Referred to the Judiciary Com
mittee. Also Bill to establish civil governments
in the States lately in rebellion. Referred to the
Committee on Reconstruction.
The Committee on Territories have Instructed
Ashley to report his amendment to the Bill to re-
establish civil government in North Carolina, sas
s Hsssa the
1nittee on W.ys and Means, to repeal so much OF
the Internal Revenue Act as imposed TAX OIL
unmanufa cturcd cotton.
loan. of Missouri, delivorod speech on kelso's
resolution to impeach the President, IN which ne
made the charge Of usurpation, &C., 1ndulsed III
by Radical orators.
Cook, of Illinois, reported from the JUDICIARY sI
=commit.ee a Bill amending that portion of the
law approved February "a, 1864, which authorized
The. Secretary of War to appoint Commissioners IN
each of the loyal States to award compensation 70
the owners OF colored volunteers so as TO suspend
the power OF compensation OF sald connissionois'
The Bill was passed.
A resolution was adopted, declaring it to be the Il
duty OF the Government, in giving effect to the t
manifest wish Of nation, by declaring against the
further importation of coolies in this hemisphere
and adjacent islands. =
The Nebraska Bill was taken up and discussed at
lenrth. and the debate on it win be continued to-
morrow. ~,
discussion m % Of the Bit to regulate the tenure ot
Office: after which it adjourned without vote.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

INTEREST on VIRGINIA STATE BoNDs--A IA
THEr1o LETTER FROM ENaIAND.-In tho Virginia
House of Delegates, on Friday, the following let
tor, communion cd by the Governor, was referred
to the Committee Of Finance:
LONDON, England, December 8, 1866.
To the Members of the Legislature of the State OF
GESrLKMEN am holder Of $500 bonds OF the
State of Virginia. issued pricr to the war. The
non-payment Of the interest due upon them has
hitherto caused to mo, who am in private crcun-
stances very ruinous ineonveniencG Ina havS f,t A.,
Of the YireniAns. and doubted not that as soon as
the war was over Virginia would be foremost among
the Southern States i'll re-establishlns and up
holding her credit. sincerely trust that early IN
January, 1867, tho Atlantic Telegraph will bring
the most grateful intelligence that the bonds OF the
State will be at once converted, and tho interest
due July i, 1867, punctualiy paid. Otherwise sore
disappointment and distress will be tolt by many'
and among others especially by myself.
Yours, most respectfully, fuly,o,,,
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

@The. Relatives, Friends and Acquatnt-
ances of Dr. ELIAS HoRLBEcK and family, and OF J.
MoULTR1E HoRLBECK are invited to attend the
Funeral Services of the atter at the English Lutheran
Church. Archdalo street. This Morning, at Ten o'clock
January is
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

A MILD sARcAsM.-In q sharp article on the
English and French armies, tho London Reute,o
notes q point in which the English surpass the
French-the number of useless half-pay mon. 1t
observes:
.sTherc is an anomaly in the English army OF
which the French cannot boast, and that IS tho
largo flock of well dressed, gentlemanly, middle
aged men who are to be mot everywhere IN this
country and who belong to the half-pay or 'unat-
tached list Of field officers. It is not too much to
saw that OF hale, hearty gentlemen IN the
primo Of life who. hold the rank of colonel
or major, but who have done no duty for years. and
intend to do none for o very much longer tlmo
if possible, we have almost enough to officer
second army Of this article OF luxury our neigh.
bors know nothing. They have but two classes OF
of6cers-those on active service, and those VINO,
having served, are drawing their weu-earned pen
sons. Of what use plain-clothes body OF men,
who ought to be doing hard work in the colonies,
can be to tho nation at large the French have no
idea whatever; aud we confess to sharing ther
ignorance as to the value OF these haif-pay
worthless.
The Reuieac writer has forgotten one excellent
purpose which this army Of unemployed officers
serve. They figure largely in tho modern Eng
lish novel; No well regulated romance is complete
without it's half-pay Colonel or Major. Dismiss
them, and what would the army of novclists do
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
OBITUARY

OBITUARY..
DIED, at summervillo, 8. c., on the morning OF tho
14sk January, 1857, Miss ELIZA BAMPFIELD McGH-
LIyRAY, In the 43d year Of her age.
@ Tho Relatives, Friends and AcIunfnt-
ances of the deceased ana of the family respectfully
invited to attend the Funeral Services at Nine o'clock
This Morning. at St Philips Church. without further
idyttaJion January 15
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

>'sThe valuc set upon real estate is unquostiona-
bly, very exorbtant. If o man has two or three
applicants for certain piece OF property, ne at
purchaser, it can bo obtained for more reasona-
Bile figure. Wo give ono instance to prove the ad.
vance which has taken place. In 1864 q piece of
property OH Fourth street, b2twccn Vine and Race
In April last it changed hands for the sum OF
sl20, 100, and q short time since s1G5,0O0 was
offered and refused for the same,I the owner hav-
ing, since the offer, erected a fine building upon
it. Speculation, at present, governs tho prico OF
all real estate - 'zzs
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

StHte Item s.

CAPTURE OF HORSE Tn1EF.-Last "Wednesday
night horse belonging to Dir. Joseph Newman, of
Columbia was stolen from q stable near the Char
lotto Railroad depot dispatch having been re-
ceived at this place announcing the theft, puohGa-
ton was made of the same, resulting In the
who says he escaped from the guard house IL
Edgofofd; and halls from Utica, New York. Mr.
John TAYLOR, who lives about soyon miles below
here, happened to have one Of tho hand bills
issued from this Office describing the horse, when
tho said Riley rode up and offered the stolen horse
with Magistrate Vaughn, arrested Riley and
brought him to this place, when be was committed
to jail.-NSnns5oro' Nelcs
{ NEGRO ExoDUs.-Large numbers OF freedmen
hro enigrating from South Carolina, mostly Vest
ward An Atlanta paper states tiiat nm average
of thousand week pass through that city,
bound to tho Wesr and bont upon fortunes 10 the
glorious Vest
!, We have heard it stated that sixteen hundred
emgrants of this class have passed through Co
Iumbia on thoir way to Florida. Those come,
some down tho Grecnville road from Greenviue,
Abbevillc, Laurens, Newberry, and other Dlstrcts
on that line Of road; some down the Charlotte
road, from York, Chester, Fairfield, and Districts
thcroabouts ; while somc-about six hundred,
some say-arc from tho vicinity Of Columbia.
YorkpIe Enquirer.
TnE IJN1yEns1TY.-In consequence mainly, VIC
presume, OF the insuferably bad weather, the stu
dents havo not como into the University as prompt
" as they otherwise would have done. Ihe ses,
sion opened on the I'd. Tho fair weather promised
for tho present week will, doubtless, bring IN
largo numbers more.
Up to Saturday last there wero seventeen new
matrriculatos Gheso, added to tho sixty-1ye pre-
yiously here, mako oighty-two; provided al the
old students return It is reasonable to expect
n hundred this session, we arc adyised.-161d.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
Earthquake In Oregon.

JACKSONVILLE, OREGON, January IA telegram
says terrific earthquake was felt at Fort Klamath
on the Sth inst The sky was darkened with ashes,
and the air filled with sulphureous vapors, which
came srom the direction Of Klamath Marsh. hla-
n,ath lake had fallen about six feet, and Crooked
Creek was completely dried up. This account
purports to have been written by order OF the COM
man1er at Fort Klamath.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
GREGC'S EXCELSIOR BRICK PRESS.

#T,iI1S POWERFUL AND BEAUTIFUL 1ABOR-sAY-
1 ING Machine will mould $4,000 bricks per day. IL
ING and makes the finest PRESSED DR1CK, as well as
the lower grades; ali Of equal sze and of quality un'
surpassed in beauty and durability. It viii also make
supo :ior FIRE BRICK. z
Tho value Of the Machine may be ascortained from the
large profits made By those now running.
For Rights and Machines address
EXCELSIOR BRICK PRESS COMPANY,
Office No. 23l Chestnut street.
January is - 1mo Philadelphia, Pa.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
Washington News

WAsRNeros, January 14.-Advices received here
from Europe state that a large quantity of Gov
eminent securities are to be returned to this
country by, next stcamerthe business comnu-
nifty there becoming. wary Of such investments,
The question is beginning to take tangible
shape. Stanton, it is said, has bcen subp@ned as
witness before the House Judiciary Committee
in the matter of the impeachment of the President.
WASHINGTON January l4.-The President has
nominated Senator Cowan Of Pennsylvania, as
Minister to Austria. His term as Senator expires
IN Morcb nayf
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
SPECIAL NOTICES.

RS TEE HEALING POOL AND HOUSE OF
MERCY.-HOWARD ASSOCIATION REPORTS, for
Young Men, on the CRIME OF SOLITUDE, and the
ERRORS, ABUSES and DISEASES which destroy the
manly powers and create impediments to MARRIAGE,
with sure means Of relief Sent In sealed letter en-
ve1opcs, free of charge. Address DR.. J. sKhLN
HoUGHToN, Howard Association, Philadelphia, Pa
January Is amo
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
MARRIED.

At the residence of Mrs. E. Y Carey, on Thursday.
January TO- 1867 by the Rev. Mr. SHADLEn, Mr. JOHN
sTROHECKER to Miss ADA f. CAREY all Of this city. =
On Monday evening, December 24th 1885, by the Rev.
". s. BOWMAN, MIR. T.. J. MCMILLAN to Miss J. NJ.
HAPPOLDT all of this city.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

ivUHE PROPRIETOR OF THIS RETREAT has,
since bis retirement from the old French Cottee
House. concentrated an the valuable reqasloohS VI sA
estabushment at his present locality.
LUNCH served at the usual hours DINNERS provia.
ed at shortest notice. Ills convenient situation gives
him great advantages. q. AAo1Ntoha: ~: -:
January l6 -. .'E.z-- L0ti1oo
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

nsr STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, COLLIE
TON DIsTRICT.-By R. ALLAN WILLIS, Esquire,
ordinary,-Whercas, BENZ. STOKES, Commissioner IN
Ennty made suit to mo grant him Letters OF Ad-
mnistraon Of the dorect estate and effects Of JOHN
ARR1s Thcss are, therefore, to cite and admonish all
and singular the kindred and creditors Of the said JOHN
Ann1s late of Cocon District deceased that they be and
appear before me- in Court of Ordinary to be held at
waltcrboro', on the pentylorth day Of january "e1t
after publication hereof ut II o'clock IN the forenoon,
to show cause, If any they have why tho said Admin
istration should not be granted.
Giye under my hand this fourteenth day OF December,
ANN no,nini 1866. E. ALLAN WILLIS
- December Is TUB y. Y. ~ -
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

M-MEssRs. EDITORS YOU WILL PLEASE
announce Gen. A. H. MANIaAULT as Candidate for
Sheriff at the ensuing election. A CITIZEN.
,,,,,. stu
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

WILKES BooTH.-The Vick.burg (Miss.} Times,
after giving rumor, which ran the rounds of the
press, to the effect that J. WnKEs BOOTH was
really in the land Of the living, makes the follow
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

@MEssRs. EDITORs:-PLEAsEA AN
NoiS:lCE that DR.. JOHN F. PoPPENHEIM will bea
candidate for tho sheraty of Charleston District st
tbe o1ec,ton for that Office tuths3* January y8
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
Domestic Markets.

MORNING DISPATCH.
New YORK, January 14.-Mon'y 7pcr cent; Gold
ls41. Exchange, 60 days, l09la1095. Sight 1lo5
Flour quiet, unchanged. Wheat steady. Corn
dull, and nominally' unchanged. Pork quiet and
steady. Whiskey dull, nominal. Cotton quiet, at
843a35 for Middling Uplands. Freights hrm
EVENING DISPATCH.
Demand for money little moro active to-day,
but all first-class borrowers arc supplied st per
cent. on call There was rumor on the streets
to-day that the Government was soon to pay OF
the compound notes with greenbacks, which
would certainly cause greater case IN money.
The Treasury will tomorrow commence 10 ols-
burse s9,0OO0OO as interest on Seyen-Ihlrtles
Gold aovonccd to 81 at the close. Governments
closed dull and steady. Stocks at last Board strong
and nominaly better transactions at the BOARDS
to-day have been very heavy. Mining shares nave
been tirmer.
Cotton less active; sales Geo bales; Middling Up
lands N4a35. Flour dull, heavy, and l0c lower;
State s9Ia12!; Ohio sl2a14a; Western s95alS ~;
Southern dull and dropping; sales 2OUo bhls at Sl2
all. Wheat dull and dropping. Oats du! and
hearv. Pork closed heavy; new Mses s2Osa2O 4.
Beef unchanged. Lard frncr. New Nhiskey
Quiet. Rice in good demand, and higher; sales Of
900 tcs. Of Carolina at 10al0t Sugar quiet. COT
fee and Molasses dull and unchanged. Naval Stores
quiet; Turpentine G7aG8; Rosin St 50al0. Freights
firm.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

arsOCIETY HILL AND MARLBORO BRIDGE
cOaIPANY.-The subscriber viii receive BIDS until the
1st February for BUILDING TIE suPERsTRUcTuRs
OF THE BRIDGE ACROSS the Pee Dee River at Society
Hill Plnns and Specifications may be seen at my ONCE
at Society Hill, until the day above named.
G. W. EARLE,
Engineer and Architect.
,o - tuth9
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

og4WE ARE AUTHORIZED TO ANNOUNCE
E. NJ. WHITING, Esq as q candidate for Sheriff OF
Charleston Judcial) District at the next election.
nfcrnhar
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

MOBILE, January -CorToN.-Sales to-day 1850
bales, closing dull; Middling 31aSla
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15
GENILEMEN'S .RETREAY,

NO "a CHALMERS ST., OPPOSITE CITY SQUARE.
The Charleston daily news. [volume] (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, 1867-01-15

nr chance to obtain any of tho above articles for
One Dollar By purchasing seaed onSelopc ior -
Entire satisfaction guaranteed to I'll.
n3- tickets One Dollar Is Two Dollars 50 Tor
Five Dollars. Great inducements to Agents.
II ntters should be addressed