Bradford reporter. [volume] (Towanda, Pa.) 1844-1884, 1867-05-23


rectors have superintendents, whose
powers and duties shall be the same
as county Superintendent.
Sections Ii and II, relate to teach
ers' certificates, of which, three
kinds are authorized to be issued,
the provisional" and profession.
al" by county superintendents, and
the permanent" by the State Su-
perintendent of Common Schools.
The law says that from and after
the passage of this act, no teacher
in this Commonwealth shall receive
from county, city or borough su-
perintendent certificate as teacher,
who has not fair knowledge of or.
biography, reading, writing, geogra-
ply, English grammar, mental and
written arithmetic, history of the
United States, and theory of teach
ing nor shall such certificate be
given to any person who is in the
habit of using as a beverage any in
toxicating drinks, and all certificates
given to teachers shall set forth the
branches in which those holding them
have been found proficient, and indi-
cate by suitable marks the degree of
that proficiency"
The provisional certificate is to be
issued to such as have fair knowl-
edge of the branches above named,
or, having thorough knowledge of
the same have had little or no expe-
rience in teaching, and shall license
the teacher holding it, for one year
only, and may not be renewed with
out re-examination.
The professional certificate is to
be given only to those who passes a
thorough knowledge of the branches,
and have had successful experience
in teaching, and shall license the
holder to teach in the county where
issued during the term of the Super
intendent issuing it, and for one year
thereafter. All so-called permanent
or professional certificates issued by
County Superintendent before the
first Monday of June, 1866, cease to
be valid on the first Monday of June,
1868. Those issued since June, 1866,
expire on the first Monday of June,
1870 Professional certificates here
after issued may be renewed without
re-examination.
Permanent certificates may be is
sued to those who hold professional
certificates, upon the recommends
tion of the board or boards of direc-
tors in whose employment the appli-
cant shall have taught for the three
preceding annual school terms,
countersigned by the County Super
intendent in office when the applica-
tion is made and approved, after ex-
animation, if they deem it necessary,
by committee of five teachers hold
ing such certificates, if there be that
many, if not then the committee is
to consist in whole or part of those
holding professional certificates
This committee is to be elected by
ballot at the county institute. These
certificates are to be valid in any
other county than the one where is
sued for one year, and forever there
after by an Endorsement of the coun-
ty superintendent. The can only be
annulled upon complaint duly prov
en-, of incompetency, cruelty, negli-
gence or immortality, made to the
State Superintendent, by the County
Superintendent and committee afore-
said.
Section 13 determines what shall
be accepted as evidence of eligibility
of candidates to the office of county,
city OR borough superintendent.
This Supplement will, probably,
be published in the official depart
ment of the Pennsylvania School Jour-
nal, for the benefit of those who may
desire to examine it in detail The
Journal is furnished to Secretaries of
of school boards by the State
Teachers will observe that to OBJ
tain a certificate of the lowest grade.
a fair knowledge of all the common
branches, including History of the
United States, and theory of teach.
ing, must be possessed. This law is
imperative. Those not familiar with
| the last named branches Will hnQ II
necessary to improve every opportu
nifty to acquire knowledge of them
before the time of the annual exami-
nations. Certainly no one can ex'
pect to receive a certificate who has
not carefully read and digested,lgood
works on teaching, or who is not rea.
sonably familiar with the history OF
the country.
Teachers will find The advice and
instructions found in PLge's Theo'
ory and Practice of Teaching"
Wickerham's School Economy" and
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