New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1867-11-15

constitute q misdemeanor. and subject the authors
10 imprisonment or me- OF both. Inc Jaw ana ponce
rules Intimidation Is secretly exercised IN support OF
TO effect the objects Of organized tyranny The law
carefully provides against all ethods Of conversion II
renders punishable In the first degree whoever BY mesns
Of violence Including nsults, blows meneces fraudu-
lent maneuvors dneludpg wifuy false represente0ns)
shall have attempted to bring about or proiong
certed cessation OF work with view to force up down
the rate OF wages 70 violate the liberty OF trade or
labor and u renders punishable IN the second degree al
means OF penalties prohibitions prescriptions and inter
shall have violated the Liberty Of trade or Of labor
French %orknen aim at such concert between mem,
beers OF the same trade throughout the country sha
secure uniformity in the demands made upon employer
IN Belgium the Law has recently been changed 50 os TO
abolish severe restrictions, which had hitherto existed
sti there trades unions cooperative societies
yet formed There are some few benefit or friendly so
report to the Encipai AUTHORITIES, wherever they are
organized There Boards of ArbitratonCounsel dc
employer and employed. There is however, a good
understanding between the Belgium worunen ana the
English Un0nsts. Until the efforts Of the International
Association however, the ready supply OF labor obtain
able IN Belgium was one OF the IN roren rods held over
ally in trades like the taors and shoemakers.
In the Netherlands, the Code Napoleon controls ana
any purpose In Portugal sweden and Switzerland trades
unions have no existence as also In Germany. where,
made great progress. Combination laws directly, and
the strong prerogative OF the police have largely con
tho partial liberty OF association introduced after iss
and to the Interpretation OF the law given by the Prussan
tribunals cooperative associaton as distinguished from
atlon for trade purposes" has been allowed 10
develop itself comparatively unhindered What are
called credit associations have been most successful OF
ALL ard the credit they have afforded TO young productive
unions has been OF important USE There are no trades
unions in Denmark Benefit societies are common among
the workmen. Strikes for wages ara universal Piece.
work is favored by emplyers Laws and regulations OF
been annued end the corporations broken up but crcu
lars we're Issued IN 1885, and IN February last encouraging
voluntary associations OF worsmen for useful puposes
and laying down rules for their eineent administration
and control.
In Russia combinations exist among the workmen In
mining OF manufacturing pursuits But In agricultural
labor the fact that much OF the property VI te emahc
pated s held by The communes enables tue ma
orty thereof to easily regulate the price OF labor AZ
least this tho complaint Of the large landed prople
tors Rents low, and labor so high IN consequence
extent u M that large tract, OF land nave been
allowed l. uncultyated The remedy Is SAID 10 De ia
declared would enable iadi, dual peasants to sell their
labor they pleased. II probable that the enect OF
the communal action complained OF, Ia 70 protect the
ignorant and dependent OK the enancpated TOD
those evils which are sure temporarily 70 follow sucn
change. Regulations i0r trade associations are lao uowh
ia the Austrian Imperial Patent OF 1872 and rnuer no
other condition rs their exsteuce allowed IN Austrl
strikes contrary 10 law ana are iumeaiate stoppea
by the police, tho rngcaders beng liable 10 1prl.oh
rnent Tor term Of fron eight days TO three moIths
Snpcrabundanco Of labor renders any combination ~
yorkInen against masters 81 rare occurrence. The
italian penal code yisb Onbnntons Of women oralse
wages wthimprsOaIGe nnd OF lower wages
with lupr.s and due. Strikes are not frequent
Trade uulons IN Isy have not the same character IN
they arc orca lied with view 90 the regulation Of the
conditions OF labor That principle applied only by me
society of compoors OF Florence us onleet IL 70 MAN
tain fixed scale OF payments and members are bound 10
leave any establishments pnyng lower tne 1he ,tch
er Operat, Society Of Naples has rule 20 the eHct
that a trade is forced. on Just GROUNDS, 10 SUSPEND
work. the other trades uuder Obligation 70 contribute
to IT'S support. These exceptional societies ahe
principal object OF Italian associations Is relief in case OF
sickness Mary have secondary purposes, sueh rs the
support OF the Old and infsm the assistance OF WIDOWS
and orphans educational Oans tho supply of articles OF
consumption materials 10 members et prime cost
and provision for funeral expenses. At the end OK 1907
there we're lI3 associations, having llos members
whose yearly contributions amountedto i4 092 francs
The distribution OF the societies was "a foOWh; Piru
mont 1876 Lombardy So Parma aud Pacenza, s; MOdena,
keggo, and Mass, q; Roma2na, s.; Marches lS y M
bra ~ Tuscany Naples, I Sicily, g. and SARDINIA,
The expenditure ~ these societies was 1874 francs
GSGG7 francs in management, 42430 francs In scR reei
2aOs3 francs In medicines and medical advice, 5'1i
10 widows and orphans, and $1,000 h1nca IN sunutes
or the $40 societies, rs with 26,llS members
weio restricted 10 particular trades ana 20I.
with 1898 members, admitted as aSocl % persons
belonging 20 s projections Prior 10 1919 there were CO
sOceties several 81 ancient origin lSS sprung up between
lsis and 400, aHd 30 wcro established from 1860 70 i
At Genoa theIe ~ OF 4S unions But lew e1ciuue
politics; most occupy themselves even moro Win ponies
Than their material itorers. u this they follow the lead
OF the Soceia Generate, founded ayoWedly Tor pObuca
purposes and consisting Ol tho president and delegate OF
siderable inf lonco. Gen GarOaldi - ue honorlfy
President Of the principal unOn formed OF several trae
Whch branch associations. Ia 1850 mere were 10 hu
this year tie number u reduced 10 onehall Tao mtu
number OF members ZOO The union does not interfere
with the administration ~ the branches us oecs arc
mutua assistance Improvement OF trade, the RS,Istce
OF worsingmen. aph tho avoidance ny eoncIaob , !"
strikes which It does not give pecunary support The
Government has recognized tins society Dy epDunS 20
OF - members q commission to the French Exposition
These facts necessary details for fu understand
associations Industrial organizations are 70 play In
European politice