New-York tribune., 1867-02-19

o1n = ~ fish ON the blackboard We nav Nc i, also
, y ribs here the head, the mouth thS p@SS "a on
organs Of the senses the eyes me here trouci
m ifSnter of the body here through te hee" " ,le
through the TAIL there will be 1tehte IN Ioa lat,HC NO
G@ST 5RsT Of the paris But there viii be difference
the relative position of these parts anl ii s ' ] es
tbese norts SuppOse commence Withhe section HcIoss
the middle Of the body The first thing we ina III Ihe
center is the solid axis above that We nav t We have
which in reality an arch covering r"sS @ iwcoSinS
here below the ribs, which are ahotheT aicn ~
nave sad the organs Of digestiOn the nteStlhes ht
and the like In the anterior part of the body we s1od @
find the heart, i'm the middle region we sn0Yu ~ w. tbe
large vessels which run parallel 10 te paehpo, and on
upper cayityw should find the spinal marrow ana apn T
covered by the skin. And now in the van oH TT
should have exactly the same tmng, Oily hS
smaller arch The intestines do not extend mere eAcc
i'm the form of vessels and nerves, ana Iec W. f,os%
r0nd here as before Now III the head is the differ
This upper portion IS largely rtio,, - Inc.
comes the skull Inside is the extensive mass OF the
brain. This is the base Of the SKULL @ @lnsGu 90 % ,e s,mI
we have masses Of flesh which keep IN motion tnesS
parts which are on me & suS & a boe & dTcncc is that the
cavity of the intestines reduced TO cavity oi inc
month opening outside Just the alimentaTy caal Is
ntiUnation Of thc cavity of the mouth and the spln"
marrow of the brain. The Hiuh Is ohy an onl"i
portion Of the spinal marrow, or 70 IeV,, reverse IT,
fbe spna marrow is mOdificaton OF the brain eXtehdF
through the body so that you see that ny hsse.om a.
trle that in whatever region we may make sScon "
xanue hc relative positions OF the organs OF the Vere
bra find the organs Identical bearing me same & iS
tiOn another. If time would permit cou I,hyy
show yOu that whatever the form of an animal whether
be fish a serpent whether lizard OF trr, or th
bird relation of the parts are again the se a to
differences chiefly differences in form ana deNeG
ment. And in consequence OF TINS gret ay
bc derived one from the other that all these animals may
lie the result of successive G e
see on the hand we nave theSe llluIin 4,
which sustain the most diverSfed forms; lneh utalh
have this unity Of Plan which seems nder To- De Which III these
animals exist. Then again we have an eXtfaoIuiha1
diversity of FORMS which seem To indicate me most u
versified organs; and yet such is the summary ~shhLl,S
these various things that they seem 10 ne ohy u
cation Of the other No wonder therefore hat a. ~,
vcstigators should make IL their special object 70 study
these thiugsand that they should dlflern tueu
much that there should be those VINO eaot Cntei,U @
cause of this diversity unless IL he the immediate lu
fesaton Of special creative ac on the palI p .vs
capable Of producing az once perfect beings Whe otol
more inclined perhaps TO follow development ana prog
rcss than TO look at first cause OF all thlgs Wouu It
have undergone extraordinary changes in the course o
time To this subject shall return IN my ast eclut
only point at present 10 the bearing which teSe III
vestigaOns Of structural relations have upon hS Io
ton 0f origin upon the question OF diversity, anu u
exist in point Of view are alike chciy 10y C .G
which prevails throughout nature; WINE Ip4, 10 nnuo M
CONF 20 a. Co @ ,e6 ON m" one hand 10 the evidences of
everchangng conditions under which tNclyllLE HNcS'
and i'm c"1seGneuce of that these various opmors-some
assuming that all things have grown out oi thc
h"t Oevcr,tb,pc must have been made it j.
Inv a Slmreme Power lApplause.l Now, with these
fts befGFe ms VIZ can turn our attention partcu
ry to tLe animals of the Amazon, and may say that
they comprise two different types of the same animal
We find in the Amazon IN these irtsh Wate!s, mo" ,
artcuates. and they belong to two classes We @ ma
worms and crustaeea. We lind Neltebatcs IN the A'.
zOu. and they belong to more than one class Nc
have fishes and have also reptiles ana among I'n
some that aquatic while others are teiLehIaL We
have birds some Of which are aquaut ahd ohoIs 49,
aud terrestrial, and we have mainnala OF quNIuIt.'
Of which are aquatic, and rot ne Least oi d.e M
lar features OF the immense BASIN o ieSh we
presence in IA Of several TePresehtdNtso, .,' l"ll
family The great family OF Mhaesi 10 & N oI % H. i fc
belongs, has hve repfcsentauNcs ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
form variety ~ pOrpoises aud OF that oteI sEnat
animal which the Brazilian calls the beshny boy ana W'
have translated INTO the sea,o"' 'oo"i S,r
shall have something more 10 eay L'l''l.C'
stream exhibiting this unity Of temperature cf when
have treated in a former lecture, have ANIMALS oi d
hrates while radIates have ever been found ~ ~ ana
these three types we have representative OF several
may impart definite idea upon That point Classes
in the animal kingdom have long been SiIcnnsGTn,d ny
nOturasts suit their fancy, according to ,'f I'M
pressons desirable to determine the classes ac-
pears the most natural as the basis Of limitation Of the
classes. is the various modes Of execution OF these
plans Of structure After showing yon tnat Vceratss
I have one common plan Of stIucturc, we VIII divide
/ that type into classes according TO The manner
stuced in the fashion Of fishes if II consists of sncs OF
backbone which are united together ny GoHDe % I"eas
cavities u the 1lesh Whte ahd ARRANGED III ~ ~ .,i.es
the sides of the backbone If the organs Of respiration
Ri5 heart Which has only single sack from which the
blood is propelled TO all parts Of the body and another
the body instead Of the complicated circulation which
find in birds and in mmmaliawe say that We have mere
ustifes in Considering fishes na;HraJ class H..
on the contrary. we have animals which have
which lRye a double circulation The body OF
tS,9f @ With iitS SSsatr-, i these animals in bringing forth
their young lay eggs upoI which they SIT producing
Young which they re9r we hnne ~ veates % and WE
consider ourselves justified III calling birds claeo IN me
animal kingdom, aud so on. Now among lnollusls, We
lava three eli
erzed by the in which the parts are arranged
the two sides Of the body in broad iappeIs, or bread
protected by hard shells that double, that b
bivave shells or this class, the Amazon contains
siderable variety, and do all our fresh waters,
rivers and lakes. IN the ocean there are numerous
forms but Of these byalve shells living upon
the land in the atmosphere that sustain itself
outside Of water Then we have another class among
these mOlusks which embrace all those the body Of
which has respiratory organs only on one side Of the
bOdynamely the body Of which Is more or less twisted,
frequently cooled up in a spiral and in which the ante
ror end Of the body provided with appendagcs looking
something Ike hOrns-tenaces frequently at the end OF
which eyes like snails. They constitute second
class OF this class Of Snails we find quite variety IN
the fresh water IN the Amazon ana IN sun greater yarl
ETY. upon land. living upon trees ana gechyT wood on
upon the sOl DulfOWhg IN le ehlh during Ie u5 ~"
son 20 at OF tne thlee classes OF hOuuks NHch exist
al the world, have representatives Of two the
fresh water OF the Amazon and OF one OF those two we
nhd also representatives. on land Iherc is curious iea-
ture among these freshwater biyalye shells 10 which
will here alude-their strange resemblance 10 marine
shels, Notwithstanding the Inference OF their III
ternal structure You all know how numerous fresh
water muscles are in our waters and how great Is the di
versty OF the fTeshwater shells the Western waters
The Ohio and its tributaries the Tennessee aud the Cum
beTand Rivers and the rivers that empty into the Gulf
Mexico and all the Southern rivers with a vari-
ETY. Of bvalve shells all OF which have the internal
structure, consisting Of this illustrating by drawing
the parts described that the middle axis may be pro-
ude in the shape OF feshy foot, with which tho ami
mas creep the ground or in the wood AT the sides
are two fapper, which surround the mouth 10 aid IL n
ttoduciup food into the aliment.f, ,uvitv THAI, II
two gs hanging right aud left. Inside here Is a sack
which C3"tgns tle gIgans and here is a = large flesy
W6ss which Extends across the body and another
that upon transverse section Of tne.e animals we
would valve turning this way and the other that
way Aud here is OF those fles ~ bundles extending
from one valve 10 another 50 bring them together
anl here annthor Now iese Iresl..Nnter .llns Of