The Tiffin weekly tribune. (Tiffin, Ohio) 1859-1868, 1867-11-07
All About the Italian Roman
Question,

Roman question that We give it 10
full:
To understand the relative position
Of the French Emperor, the Italian
King, and the Pope Of Rome, few
and very plain facts have to be borne
in mind Gregory XVI died in June,
1916. aud in the same month Cardiu
al VI Mastai Eorrc,ti, Arch Bi.h ,p OF
lmcla. in the Rom qua, was elected to
the Popecy taking the nam, of Plus
the Ninth. Ito had beeu Cardinal |
only six years before his election to
the Tiara, and was only fny fuur
years old when he became Pope Iii,
personal character stood very high |
aud much was expected from his |
amiable disposition aud known liber
ality uo began his reign a. Re
former striking strong blows at the
numerous aud fragrant abuses which
had crept Into the temporal Govern
ment Of Rome aud States VI the
Church under Leo XII aud Gregory
XVI his immediate predecessors
Nothing could exceed the enthusiasm
Of the Rlmsns-the JOY Of the ltal-
ians. Not many months elapsed bo
fore the French Revolution Of 1913
quickeued the hopes and raised the
spirits of the friends of liberty
/ throughout Europe aud there arose
general demand not for mere admin
istrative reforms, but for popular sys
tens of representative government
The Pope, who was surrounded by
the intoleraut higher clergy, hesitsted
to go as far a. the popular cry urged
paused bcfuro he could make changes
more sweeping than those which he
had initiated aud his popularity al
once began to decline. On one side
was u loud clamor for organic changes.
on the other an increasing doubt of
their proprioty aud policy. As It o.
widen the breach between the Z pal
Government and the people, the Pope
took for his chief minister Count
| Rossi, Que of the most aristucratic
aud unpopular man in Rome. In
November, 1913, Rossi was assa ,siuat.
cd, in midday, aud in the public
streets of Rome; aud this catastrophe
50 much alarmed Pope Plus that
few days after, Disgusting himself in
the custume of liveried footman, he
escaped from Rome, and arrived at
Gaeta, the nearest town in the ada
cent Neapolitan territory, established
his court there, tho members of hi'
diplomatic body having followed him
From Gaeta he sent u manifesto to
Rome declaring all the acts of the
Government during his absence to be
null aud void The Roman Chambers
treated this ordinance with contempt
establishing republic. aud placed
Mazzini, Garibaldi, Armellini, SdIIi
and Rozzana, at its head This was
10 February, 1919, but the republic
was short-lived. Louis Napoleon
who had not long before been elected
President Of the French Republic,
oontrived to make the National As
sembly sanction an exhibition to lta-
ly, nomnally in favor of order but
actually to restore the Pope Of Rome.
General Oudinot, with French urmy.
landed at Ciyita Vecchia (the port OF
Rome) toward the end OF April, lSt9
was repulsed before the eternal city,
temporized, resumed hostilities, re
ceived the capitulatiun of Rome on
June 30. and remained in occupation.
The Pope continued nearly year
and a half at Gaota aud Portici, but
his safety being secured by the pro
lection of the Freueh troops, returned
to Rome in April 1850, and has ro-
mained there ever since his temporal
Government, u It very lately having
been maiatained BY the aid Of French
troops, aud its hoad beiug the notori
Gus Cardinal Autonelli who is TO Rome
|, what Prince Metternich was 90 Al4
tr:a for very many years.
The Popes subjects have generally
shown strong desire to be relieved
from obedience to his temporal sway,
aud nothing but being 0verawed by
the French garrison has kept them
from revolt, particularly in Rome.
During the war of 1859, tho Rlmlgna
detached itself from tha Papa terri
lory and the Mafchel aud Unbria
followed in 1860. AMI also form part
of the Kingdom of Italy. The result
His that whegcls tbs Plpal territory
consisted, in 1859, Of over 1900
square miles and over 3 600, ,000 in
habitants, II is now reduced to an
area of under 5000 squire miles and
) less than 100000 inhabitants. The
desire of Italy is that Rome, with
which are linked so many aud SO
mnoh inspiring memories of former
glory aud greatness, should once
again be its capital.
l Motives Of policy, mingled with a
! natural desire to get rid of the vast
. expense Of maintaining a French
army in Rome, induced the Enp2roT
: Napoleon to make a treaty with the
King of Italy, signed September Is
!. 1864, whereby it was agreed that the
3 French garrison should be withdrawn
| from Rome before the close of the
r year 1866, on certain conditions. In
| November, 1865, this withdrawal OF
the French troops from Rome was
8 begun, aud at the close of 1866 not q
: French soldier remained upon Italian
1 soil. The Papal army DOW cnusist'
of 5000 infantry, GncIuding 2,70t
l ge,larpls,) 500 cavalry, 1 ,O39 artillery
| engineers, rnd staff; total of all arms
: 9,58S. This is force evidently in
? sufficient to resist Italy or any othel
Z power.
0 The treaty of September, as it i
!, called, consists of only four articles
: to the following effect.
/. Italy undertakes not to GttaeI
the present te' ritory Of the Pope, am
a spea 20 prevent By force any attdej
Y prOeee,ling from fhe enferior