The evening telegraph. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1864-1918, 1867-03-01

hand Is flexible in another direction from the
fingers, and the thumb may be brought into
iuXtapositiOn successfully with each OF the
fingers, while this is utterly impossible with
the toes OF the foot. They all bend i'm the same
direction-the large toe as well as the others
tion successfully with the other toes. Nov,
then, all animals which have feet at the ex-
tremlty of their four limbs are oundrupeds, and
all animals which have four hands and no feet
are monkeys.
MONKEYS HAVE HANDS, BUT NO FEET
And all monkeys have hands at the end of
their hind limbs as well as their fore limbs.
while man has pair of feet and pair of hands.
This is, perhaps, the most prominent difference
which may be noticed among these aaimals,
and the characteristic feature of the great order
OF monkeys. | must however saw that there
are some slight notifications in this respect
among the monkeys, in as far as there are some
IN WIhch tne thumb is so short that ii cannot
be as regularly brought into iuxtaposition with
the other fingers as In the hand of man, and
there are even monkeys in which the thumb IS
merely rudimenta so that four fingers are only
deVeloped, and the thumb IS almost entirely
waning. Ihen, again, what constitutes finger
Is the position of the nail upon the termination.
The last joint of the finger in perfect hand the
last joint of every finger has a fiat nail covering
only the upper part of the joint of the
hnger, and not extending forward and not
bending over the last Joint. Now, this Is the
case with all the nails of our hand and is the
case also with the nails of our foot but not with
thOsS VI lue dnlulalS, LnOug0 we ma JQefe an
imperfect hand, perhaps where the thumb or
one or two or three fingers may have perfect
nall and the Others may have curved nails
pending over the termination of the finger. This
rs the case often among some of the monkeys.
We have often such monkeys in which the
thumb alone and the first finger have really fiat
nail, the other fingers having arched claws bend
ing over the termination of the finger. Now
again, of the monkeys, we have a great variety
as to size. Some of them are not larger than
squirrels-not larger often than our small
striped squirrels-while others approach in
stature often, man; and all possible interme-
diate dimensions exist between them. Thus
monkeys are scattered over Africa and Central
and Southern Asia, but in each of these different
parts of the world they present different and
special characteristics. The monkeys of the
Old World; that is, those inhabitlng'the tropical
portions of Africa and of Asia, are all remark
able for the great height Of the forehead
for the great angle of the face which they pre-
sent. And naturalists have been in the habit of
measuring what is called the facial angle which
is the line passing from the forehead and the
upper jaw meeting with another line PASSING
along the base of the skull, In man-in intel
leCtual man-that angle is known as the right
angle; and the ancients understood that so we'll
that III their statues, WhenEthey wanted to ex-
bibit the intellectually of man more promi.
nently than any other of the features of hui
manlty, they exaggerated the incline of that line
and to their Jupiter, who was the great repre-
sentaton of creative power, they gave a very
great prominence to the forehead, which over
stepped the right angles, so that the forehead is
made very prominent over the face. So well
was that understood as the characteristic fea-
ture OF the higher organizations of the verte
brate type. Now these monkeys of the Old
World approach in that respect more to man
than any otner of the monkeys, and the young
ourang.outang in that respect approaches far
nearer the characteristics of Young humanity
than 40 the adult monkeys approach the char.
acteristics OF adult man. 1t is curious fact
that in their early age, when the more charac-
terlstic features are not yet strongly developed
with the rigidity that marks the features of the
adult, animals that are more closely related to
one another resemble one another more closely
when young than in the more adult state. And
keys greater resemblance between the young
monkeys and the young children than between
the adults themselves.
TINE NOSE OF THE OLD WORLD MONKEYS
Another feature of the monkeys of the Old
World consists in the construction of the nose.
The nose is one OF the prominent features of the
face all through the higher type of the animals
of the Old World, and in man as well as in
monkeys we find most characteristic differ
ence between the different representatives Of
these two great grOups-a marked and striking
difference in the form of the nose. The white
man has a prominent, aqulne nose, and in the
shape of the nostrils, which are opened from
forwards and backwards, and not sideways, so
the point of the nose is the most prominent
portion of the face, Other races of men have
on the contrary, tlattened nose, andtther nos
trils open in sideways, so that the nostrils open
nom the side outwards. Some naturallsts
have observed in the monkeys OF the Old
World that they have narrow nostrils, and that
their nostrils open inwards, as in white men,
and from forwards and backwards, and that that
portion which divides the nostrils is very mar
row. Then, again, it is observed that among
the Onkeys or the Old World we find large
number of them destitute of tails. Neither the
ourang-outang, nor the gorilla, nor chimpanZee
has any caudal appendage. In the islands of
the coast and the forests of MalaCCa there are
large tribes of monkeys with exceedingly long
arms, but all destitute of tails. Among the
large number of monkeys that inhabit and roam
over the continent of Africa we find the baboon,
a short-tailed species. 1t is only among the
more slender kinds OF monkeys inhabiting the
Old World that we find those monkeys that
nave as long tails as the monkeys of Africa
generally have. Then, again, among those
monkeys that we find in the Old World we find
monkeys IN the New World not only generally
smaller, but having a prolonged snout; but
Jher facial angle is longer than the facial angle
OF the monkeys Of the Old World. And what is
most curious tact is that their nOstrils are
proau, ana that portion between the nostrils
remarkably broad, so that the nOstrils open in
manner sideways. And among these again
we hhd large number of monkeys which have
iti LeiLtIiaIkdply long tails, and some of them even
WIN lalls which terminate with a naked surface
uhuerneath, which they can use as an addi-
Ilonal ilmD; and these MONKEYS have so much
ueAteilty IN the use of the tail that they can
@ iAS luo smaliesV oD1ects with it with as great
precision as with their hands. All monkeys
WIN such pTehensile tails are peculiar to South
america, and not one species of monkey in the
oio World has that popularity. Even those
monkeys that have prehensie tails have them
covered al over with hair. There is a certain
NUMBER OF monkeys IN South America which
nave somewhat long tails, but there is not one
on on me whole continent of America entirely
deSutute OF caudal appendage. So that YOU
WI WIii see tnat we have two well.marked groups
WotISI rIIS4hkaeys aey lnhabltng the Old ana New
Woilus' thelr distinguished features consisting