The workingman's advocate. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1864-1877, 1867-10-05

vllls1 ~ hao1 rrliok IL Al polises mat
- NJ ~ ii6x wou:a 5stsli hi imms-
lialp diusalugIoh 81 the police agsnt Any |
uilfal misstatement prsjndiolst y re en- |
paoyers ~ " viei1sd With Noe cx inprs i
onnsnty ~ boths and; with surv.sua9ee " 1
~ police. Any violation q ne nssoem :. /
ISbor ~ the infection 81 lines and penaluss
i nd constitute misdsmeanpts sra suc1ecs
~ authors 70 impFisonment q nne, o. ootn.
The NV md police agency nsllsnte again"
crrsnsxation 10 enforce arbitrary rules. In
dStintiou ii secretly exercissd 10 support OF |
rfriku1. mt under such cireumstsnces It |
srnnot 40 much 10 eject the objects Of IN
crnahixsd tyranny. TIE law carefully pro-
v;5sn nsaansk III methods Of coercion. II rem
dxspunlshsole In the hut degree Ehoeyers1y
means o. yinlence kiHcluding Insults caows,
snenacss, lrSudulent mannuvsss linciud'ng
vilfaliy fslss rsprssent ations), shall have at
tsmpted 10 bring about or prolongA concerted
cessatiof, Of vork, with view 70 ioree up or
down The rate Of wages, or 70 v'o'ase tne
liberty Of trade o. noef ana ~ renoess
uuoish shloi IN The second degree I'll workmen.
emnIov -. ma Contractors of Wofk wbo, BY
means 81 penalties, prohibiticnss proscrip-
lions. and. interdlcti0ns pronounced 10 purs
snance of concersed plans SHAH hare vioi.r
| IA the liberty Of trade or Of labor. French
workmen aim at such q concert between
members Of The same trade throughout the
country Is shah secure uniformity 10 ths
demands made upon EMPLOYERS. The idea
Of international concert cas- imported rom
London during the strike OF the ssipou.laers
\ last winter. When n was said contracts
4 lad gone to other countries, the men con-
eluded that there must be international com.
b;nation 10 secure uniformly high wages in
the labor markets Of Europe. Soon amer the
tailors' strike began In Paris. London deli
f<ates arrived to encourage and 70 sssim-
! hate the demands Of French and English
| workmen.
In Rassia there are no combinations Of
vorkmen for the purpose Of regulating the
| price Of labor employed for mining or man
ufActuring purposes. In many parts the
lpropany Of the emancipated peasantry u
held by the commune, and not 81 each
peasant rs frechold. The great proprietors
complain that the rents and the price Of Ia
" are dependent upon the will OF the major
lity If the communes, and thst Individual
peasants dare neither farm lands nor work
Tor landlords except on terms prescribed BY
the commune, which IN the case OF rents are
40 low. and 10 that Of labor so high, thai
large tracts hayein coBscguence been allowed
70 20 out Of cultivation. The evil, however
is not 50 general as have been brought OH
c,ally under the notice Of the Government.
IN the Netherlands the Code Napoleon is
the statute law, and there 10 great indispo-
| stion on the part OF the working classes Y
combine for social or trade purposes
a Denmark no trade unions are met with
but worknen have benefit societies. Strikes
for higher wages s.e Of unusual occurrence
Z | In Copenhagen carpenters and brieklayers
. struck for an additional 4d. day, and 10 81,
Q weeks their resources were exhausted; theI
4 they gradually returned to work az the oil
/ wages, and afterwards the masters volunta
risy missed the wages ID. day, making then
e o.. "a. Masters IA Copenhagen tsfink tina
; piece-work where applicable, would proven
. collisions between capital and labor. Law
q and regulations Of the date Of 1900, relating
= 10 guilds and corporations have been annullc;
!, and the corporations broken up, but CIRCULAR
Q were issued in 1858, and in February last
0 encouraging voluntary associations OF work
n men for useful purposes, and laying dDwi
q rules FOR their Efficient administration ant
: control
: Regulations for trade associations are lai
= down IN the Austrian Imperial Patent 9
3 1889, and under no other condition il thei
existence allowed in Austria. Strikes ar
Q contrary TO Law, and are Immediately ssoppe,
J, by the police, the ringleaders being liable t
d imprisonment for term Of from eight day
o to three months. Superabundance Of Iabo
Q renders any combination by workmen sgains
Q masters Of rare occurrance. Some year
A. FL D~sl Il
: jected to the appointment Of q paE.icuia
person ~ q fore .Ian, and, on their protes
Z being disregarded, they left work in a bod '
!, The police interssrsd, and,kll the men yer
: arrested and kept IN prison "a hours Al
though sss', !, %p.Sters were enly ;.x; 90
= \ they shousd be punished. At Brunn recehtl'
some struck for mn increase Of wages, N:
twc of the ringleaders were arrested.
In Portugal, s xeden, and Switzerland
trade unions have no existence.
Italy yields statistical and detailed infor
nation "a reports from Florence, Genoa
Naples, Turin, Milan, and Palermo. Til.
Italian penal code visits combinations o.
wevkmen to raise wages with Imprisonment
: and OF employers TO lower wages with i'm
prisonmelt and fne. Strikes are not fire.
quaint. In 1850, and again in 1863, the ear
psnters and jOiRers Of Turin struck for hiehel
wages, but without succesA The masonl
and bricklayers struck in lsSl.a A strike q
the woolleR weavers Of Bella lasted Is days
and terminated with q compromise. The
Porters G. fscchini'') OF the Tree port Of Geoos
were successful in . strike for the maiute-
nance Of their monopoly. 10 1851, at Naples,
y IA -nfcunders were On strike for month. for
hsmhn - A
result was Q compromise. There have been
mir strikes AMONG journeymen taiIors,
printers and cab drivers. Trade unions in
Italy have not the same character a. in Ene-
land, and, generally speaking, it cannot be
said that they are organized with view to
the regulation Of the conditions OF labor.
That principle is applied only BY the society
Of compositors az florence. Its object in to
maintain q fixed scale Of payments, and
members are bound to leave any establish.
Operatives Society or Naples knas 4 rule |,
\ tine EAST. tnAs 81 q trade Ia forced on las
grounds to suspend work, the other trade.
! are under obligation u contri butte to it, sun
port These are enc ,tional societies. Thu
, principal objects of Italian associations i,
relief " case Of sicka meas. Many hsve second.
: sry purposes, such az the supp Ht or the old
I and infifm, tho assistance Of widows and
orph,ns, educational loans, the supply Of
| arucies Cd consumption or raw materials to
members at prime cost, and provision for
. funeral expenses At the end OF 1889 there
were as associations, having III All mcm-
eess. whose yearly contradictions amounted
to l.4ll, soar. The distribution Of the soci-
sne: was as follows ;-Piedmont, IFS; Lon-
osrdy, 81 Parma and Piacenza, s.; Marches,
~; unbria. u Tuscany, So; Naples, 10 !;
Siciys y; md Ssrdinss, a The expsndi-
tnIs o. these soc cites was ISL .sz0a.--l66,-
SOFT 10 management, ~. SOfr. in sick r.
hef, 2S,Os3h. In medicines ana medical
sovicss o4,671h In pensions 70 the sged.
-, l5lir ~ assistance to widows and erphaus.
ana ~ sOl or. In sandsies. OF the s43 soei-
sn 100 With "a. ils members we're r.